NothingMuch/GO-Terms huggingface dataset:
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of 2-hydroxy acid to form 2-oxo acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The enzyme is a flavoprotein (FMN).
glycolate oxidase complex
A heterodimeric enzyme, which in most bacterial species is composed of two subunits, ParC and ParE. Functions in chromosome segregation and can relax supercoiled DNA.
DNA topoisomerase IV complex
A protein complex that possesses beta-galactosidase activity, i.e. catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides. In E. coli, the complex is a homotetramer; dimeric and hexameric beta-galactosidase complexes have been observed in other species.
beta-galactosidase complex
A complex that possesses glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity.
glutamate synthase complex (NADPH)
Complex that possesses nitrite reductase  activity.
nitrite reductase complex
A multienzyme complex that catalyzes the formation N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate from carbamoyl phosphate and L-aspartate. It exhibits a variety of architectural organizations, but in all microorganisms the core catalytic component is a homotrimer of approximately 34 kDa polypeptides.
aspartate carbamoyltransferase complex
An flavoprotein that catalyzes the reaction the breakdown of dimethyl(ribityl)lumazine to form riboflavin and ribitylamino-amino-dihydroxypyrimidine.
riboflavin synthase complex
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the breakdown of ethanolamine to form acetaldehyde and ammonia.
ethanolamine ammonia-lyase complex
A DNA polymerase complex that contains two UmuD' and one UmuC subunits, and acts in translesion DNA synthesis.
DNA polymerase V complex
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from protein N(PI)-phosphohistidine to a sugar molecule. It is enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system.
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase complex
A protein complex that possesses polyphosphate kinase activity.
polyphosphate kinase complex
A complex that possesses protein histidine kinase activity.
protein histidine kinase complex
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of reduced ferredoxin. Hydrogenase contains iron-sulfur clusters, and some contain nickel; it can use molecular hydrogen for the reduction of a variety of substances.
ferredoxin hydrogenase complex
A DNA helicase complex found at Holliday junctions where the helicase activity is involved in the migration of the junction branch point. The best-characterized example is the E. coli RuvAB complex, in which a hexamer of RuvB subunits possesses helicase activity that is modulated by association with RuvA.
Holliday junction helicase complex
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid at sites flanking regions of damaged DNA to which the Uvr ABC excinuclease complexes bind.
excinuclease ABC activity
Translational attenuation is a regulatory mechanism analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation. The system requires the presence of a short ORF, called a leader peptide, encoded in the mRNA upstream of the ribosome-binding site and start codon of the gene whose translation is to be regulated. Certain conditions, such as presence of the antibiotic tetracycline in bacteria or amino acid starvation, may cause slowing or stalling of the ribosome translating the leader peptide. The stalled ribosome masks a region of the mRNA and affects which of two alternative mRNA folded structures will form, therefore controlling whether or not a ribosome will bind and initiate translation of the downstream gene. Translational attenuation is analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation, in which mRNA remodeling caused by ribosome stalling regulates transcriptional termination rather than translational initiation.
translational attenuation
Catalysis of the reaction: GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala + H2O glcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc + L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala.
N-acetyl-anhydromuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity
The process in which nitrogen is taken from its relatively inert molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds useful for other chemical processes, such as ammonia, nitrate and nitrogen dioxide.
nitrogen fixation
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating flooding, short-term immersion in water.
response to flooding
An error-prone process for repairing damaged microbial DNA.
SOS response
The nascent cell membrane and cell wall structure that forms between two daughter nuclei near the center of a dividing plant cell. It develops at the equatorial region of the phragmoplast. It grows outwards to join with the lateral walls and form two daughter cells.
cell plate
Layer of intercellular material, chiefly pectic substances, cementing together the primary walls of contiguous cells.
middle lamella
The phragmoplast is a plant cell specific cytoplasmic structure composed of cytoskeletal polymers, membranes, and associated cytosolic proteins that functions as the focused secretory module for assembling the cell plate.
phragmoplast
A flattened membranous vesicle containing cell wall components.
phragmosome
Unstacked thylakoids that connect the grana stacks through the stroma.
chloroplast stromal thylakoid
A three dimensional regular lattice found in etioplasts. It is composed of a continuous system of tubules but when exposed to light the symmetrical arrangement is rapidly lost as tubules become pinched off into two dimensional sections of lattice. These for perforated sheets of membrane that move apart, extend and increase, finally establishing the typical granal and intergranal lamellae of the mature chloroplast.
etioplast prolamellar body
The cavity enclosed within the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
chloroplast thylakoid lumen
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a plasmodesma.
plasmodesmatal plasma membrane
A microfibril composed of cellulose arranged in orthogonal layers. Cellulose is a straight chain polysaccharide composed of B(14) linked glucose subunits. It is a major component of plant cell walls. Higher plant microfibrils are about 10nm in diameter and extremely long in relation to their width. The cellulose molecules are oriented parallel to the long axis of the microfibril in a paracrystalline array, which provides great tensile strength. The microfibrils are held in place by the wall matrix and their orientation is closely controlled by the cell.
cellulose microfibril
A plasmodesma with a branched structure, often with many channels leading into a larger central cavity; found in older tissues and usually derived from preexisting primary plasmodesmata.
secondary plasmodesma
A dense band of microtubules, 1-3 pm wide, that appears just beneath the cell membrane before the start of cell division in the cells of higher plants. It precedes the onset of prophase and then disappears as mitosis begins, yet it somehow determines the plane of orientation of the new cell plate forming in late telophase and marks the zone of the parental cell wall where fusion with the growing cell plate ultimately occurs.
preprophase band
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chromoplast but excluding the photosynthetic material.
chromoplast stroma
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a leucoplast.
leucoplast stroma
The space enclosed by the double membrane of an elaioplast.
elaioplast stroma
The space enclosed by the double membrane of an etioplast but excluding the prothylakoid space. It contains the etioplast DNA.
etioplast stroma
Any process that increases freezing tolerance of an organism in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures.
cold acclimation
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to a light stimulus, usually toward or away from it.
phototropism
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, such as leaves or tendrils, in response to a touch stimulus, usually toward or away from it.
thigmotropism
The partitioning of plastids between daughter cells at cell division.
plastid inheritance
The greening response of plants grown in the dark (etiolated) as a result of chloroplast biogenesis and the accumulation of chlorophyll.
de-etiolation
The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) to make malic acid. The malic acid is then passed into the vacuole where it is stored until daylight, when it is shuttled back out to be used as a substrate in the light reaction of photosynthesis.
CAM photosynthesis
The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NADP-malic enzyme.
NADP-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis
The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NAD-malic enzyme.
NAD-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis
The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK).
PEP carboxykinase C4 photosynthesis
After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem I, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.
photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem I
After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem II, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.
photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem II
A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, Q) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach the ultimate electron acceptor of Photosystem II, which is plastocyanin (PC). The electron is then passed to the P700 chlorophyll a molecules of the reaction centre of photosystem I.
photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem II
A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, X) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach ferredoxin which passes the electron to the ultimate electron acceptor; NADP.
photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I
A photosynthetic phosphorylation process in which ATP synthesis is driven by a proton gradient generated across the thylakoid membrane. Involves only photosystem I.
cyclic photosynthetic phosphorylation
A photosynthetic phosphorylation process in which ATP synthesis is linked to the transport of electrons from water to NADP+ with the production of NADPH and dioxygen (O2). Involves photosystem I and photosystem II.
noncyclic photosynthetic phosphorylation
An NADPH regeneration process that contributes to the light reactions of photosynthesis. The light reactions of photosynthesis use energy from photons to generate high-energy electrons. These electrons are used directly to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. NADPH is a relatively stable molecule and can pass on its hydrogen atom to other molecules in chemical reactions.
photosynthetic NADP+ reduction
The antenna complex of photosystem I. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).
photosystem I antenna complex
The antenna complex of photosystem II. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).
photosystem II antenna complex
A fruit ripening process that involves a burst of respiration and ethylene (ethene) evolution at the onset.
fruit ripening, climacteric
A fruit ripening process that does not involve a respiratory burst.
fruit ripening, non-climacteric
A Clp endopeptidase complex located in the chloroplast.
chloroplastic endopeptidase Clp complex
A Clp endopeptidase complex located in the mitochondrion.
mitochondrial endopeptidase Clp complex
The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a heterosporous plant pollen grain, beginning with hydration and terminating with the emergence of the pollen tube through the aperture.
pollen germination
The reactions of the C2 pathway bring about the metabolic conversion of two molecules of 2-phosphoglycolate to one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate, which can be used by the C3 cycle, and one molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2).
oxidative photosynthetic carbon pathway
The process in which water is taken up by pollen.
pollen hydration
The process in which the pollen tube adheres to cells of the stigma and style.
pollen tube adhesion
The process in which pollen deposited on the stigma adheres to cells of the stigma.
pollen adhesion
The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 400-470nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.
blue light photoreceptor activity
Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.
transmembrane histidine kinase cytokinin receptor activity
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a blue light photoperiod stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.
response to photoperiod, blue light
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light photoperiod stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm.
response to photoperiod, red light
The process of loading sucrose into the sieve tube or companion cell of the phloem for long distance transport from source to sink.
phloem sucrose loading
Catalysis of the oxidation of ubiquinol by diverting electrons from the standard electron transfer chain, transferring them from ubiquinol to oxygen and generating water as the product.
alternative oxidase activity
The protein complex associated with the plasma membrane of certain plant cells (e.g. root cortex, epidermal cells) that functions to transport auxin out of the cell.
auxin efflux carrier complex
A tetrameric complex of four different subunits which catalyzes the elongation of a fatty acid chain 2 carbon units at a time in the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids.
fatty acid elongase complex
Serves as a phospho-His intermediate enabling the transfer of phospho group between a hybrid kinase and a response regulator.
histidine phosphotransfer kinase activity
The side of the cell parallel to the zygotic axis.
longitudinal side of cell surface
Binding to an amino terminal propeptide, which functions as a sorting signal to sort away the soluble vacuolar protein from Golgi to lytic vacuole via clathrin-coated vesicles.
amino-terminal vacuolar sorting propeptide binding
The process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the adaxial/abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.
polarity specification of adaxial/abaxial axis
The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis that initiates at a point and radiates outward from the point.
radial axis specification
Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the anterior/posterior axis.
polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis
The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the anastral spindle in male meiotic cells.
anastral spindle assembly involved in male meiosis
The removal of amino group in the presence of water.
cytidine deamination
Catalysis of the reactions: delta-tocopherol = 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzene-1,4-diol, gamma-tocopherol = 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytylbenzene-1,4-diol. delta-tocotrienol = 6-geranylgeranyl-2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol gamma-tocotrienol, and = 6-geranylgeranyl-2,3-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diol.
tocopherol cyclase activity
Cell recognition involving the deposition of specific pathways in the extracellular matrix that guide migrating cells.
contact guidance
The recognition of soluble molecules in the environment.
soluble molecule recognition
Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane, in the cortical cytosol, oriented mainly with their axes transverse to the long axis of the cell (and root in plants). In plants it influences the direction of cellulose microfibril deposition.
cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis
Protein translocon complex at the chloroplast outer membrane.
Toc complex
A heterotrimeric enzyme complex composed of three subunits, all of which are required for enzyme activity, which catalyzes the chelation of Mg by proto IX in an ATP-dependent manner.
magnesium chelatase complex
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-campestanaol + O2 = 6-deoxocathasterone + H2O.
steroid 22-alpha hydroxylase activity
Binding to N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, an auxin transport inhibitor.
N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid binding
A cyclic series of interconversions involving three xanthophylls, violoxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. The xanthophyll cycle is involved in regulating energy dissipation in light harvesting complex II.
xanthophyll cycle
The organismal movement by which the tip of a plant organ follows a spiral pattern as a consequence of growth.
circumnutation
The process leading to the spontaneous opening of the fruit permitting the escape of seeds.
fruit dehiscence
The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the ground tissues.
ground meristem histogenesis
The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the primary vascular tissue.
procambium histogenesis
The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the epidermis.
protoderm histogenesis
The division of the zygote in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo sac to produce a larger basal cell near the micropyle and a small terminal cell close to what was the central cell and is now the developing endosperm. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
zygote asymmetric cytokinesis in embryo sac
The specification of a meristem which will give rise to a primary or lateral root.
root meristem specification
The process in which an organism retains a population of floral meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
maintenance of floral meristem identity
The process in which an organism retains a population of inflorescence meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
maintenance of inflorescence meristem identity
The process in which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
maintenance of root meristem identity
The process in which an organism retains a population of vegetative meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
maintenance of vegetative meristem identity
The process in which the polarity of an animal organ axis is specified.
specification of animal organ axis polarity
Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the proximal/distal axis.
polarity specification of proximal/distal axis
The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic root are generated and organized.
embryonic root morphogenesis
Any process involved in the formation of branches in plant hair cells. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.
trichome branching
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires the carpel identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
specification of carpel identity
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires petal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
specification of petal identity
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires sepal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
specification of sepal identity
The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires stamen or staminode identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
specification of stamen identity
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the suspensor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The suspensor is the extension at the base of the embryo that anchors the embryo in the embryo sac and pushes it into the endosperm.
suspensor development
Protection mechanism used by plants and cyanobacteria under conditions of excess energy absorption as a consequence of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
photoprotection
Release of water by the plant into the air as water vapor mainly through leaves.
transpiration
Expansion of the chloroplast that usually precedes division.
chloroplast elongation
The final stages of microgametogenesis after the trinucleate stage has been reached resulting in viable pollen grains.
pollen maturation
The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an abaxial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
abaxial cell fate specification
The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which animal organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new animal organ.
specification of animal organ position
Complex that catalyzes the synthesis of ADP-glucose and pyrophosphate from glucose-1-phosphate and ATP. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed of two types of subunits (small and large). In bacteria, the enzyme complex is composed of four identical subunits.
glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase complex
Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + phytyl diphosphate + H+ = 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone is also known as 2-methyl-6-phytylplastoquinol.
homogentisate phytyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-alanine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + L-alanine.
IAA-Ala conjugate hydrolase activity
The directed movement of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
cytokinin transport
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a microbial phytotoxin stimulus. A microbial phytotoxin is a chemical substance produced by microbes which is toxic to plants.
response to microbial phytotoxin
The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is emitted as heat. This process helps maintain the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage.
nonphotochemical quenching
The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized.
polar nucleus fusion