NothingMuch/GO-Terms huggingface dataset:
Either of two nuclei located centrally in a flowering plant embryo sac that eventually fuse to form the endosperm nucleus.
polar nucleus
The nucleus of an antipodal cell, one of three cells of the embryo sac in angiosperms, found at the chalazal end of the embryo away from the point of entry of the pollen tube, and its descendents.
antipodal cell nucleus
The nucleus of a plant egg cell. This nucleus is found at the micropylar end of the embryo.
megagametophyte egg cell nucleus
The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released.
synaptic cleft
Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
The process of withdrawing a pilus back into a cell.
pilus retraction
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = glycerol + phosphate.
glycerol-3-phosphatase activity
Any process in which infecting bacteria are clumped together by a host organism.
induction of bacterial agglutination
A structural framework, or 'dense core' at the interior of an acrosome. May regulate the distribution of hydrolases within the acrosome and their release during the acrosome reaction.
acrosomal matrix
The volume enclosed within the acrosome membrane.
acrosomal lumen
Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.
rhythmic excitation
Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous inhibitory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.
rhythmic inhibition
The cell wall material that surrounds the septum in fungal cells.
cell septum edging
Non-terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.
varicosity
Binding to sulfate, SO4(2-), a negatively charged small molecule.
sulfate binding
Portion of the neuronal cell soma from which the axon originates.
axon hillock
The directed movement of daunorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic produced by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus or S. peucetius and used as an antineoplastic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
daunorubicin transport
The environmental space outside of an organism; this may be a host organism in the case of parasitic and symbiotic organisms.
extraorganismal space
Large, cysteine proteinase rich lysosomes, often found in the amastigote (an intracytoplasmic, nonflagellated form of the parasite) stage of Leishmania species belonging to the mexicana complex.
megasome
Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other, in a sodium dependent manner.
sodium-dependent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
sodium-dependent organic anion transport
The directed, sodium-independent, movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
sodium-independent organic anion transport
Binding to a phospholipase.
phospholipase binding
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx.
chordate pharyngeal muscle development
A multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.
apoptosome
A protein complex, found in the mitochondria, that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.
mitochondrial glutamate synthase complex (NADH)
Binding to glutathione; a tripeptide composed of the three amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine.
glutathione binding
Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 4' positions.
phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding
The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of folate.
chemotaxis to folate
The process of assisting in the disassembly of non-covalent linkages in a protein or protein aggregate, often where the proteins are in a non-functional or denatured state.
protein unfolding
The process in which successful recombination of a T cell receptor beta chain into a translatable protein coding sequence leads to rescue from apoptosis and subsequent proliferation of an immature T cell.
beta selection
Binding to a Helix Loop Helix domain, a domain of 40-50 residues that occurs in specific DNA-binding proteins that act as transcription factors. The domain is formed of two amphipathic helices joined by a variable length linker region that can form a loop and it mediates protein dimerization.
HLH domain binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose.
regulation of fucose catabolic process
Binding to an immunoglobulin of a D isotype.
IgD binding
The process of restoring mitochondrial DNA after damage.
mitochondrial DNA repair
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-A subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-A or activin/inhibin beta-A).
activin A complex
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-B subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-B or activin/inhibin beta-B).
activin B complex
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-A subunit.
inhibin A complex
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-B subunit.
inhibin B complex
Binding to a kinetochore, a proteinaceous structure on a condensed chromosome, beside the centromere, to which the spindle fibers are attached.
kinetochore binding
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
regulation of myosin II filament disassembly
A protein complex required for the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNA. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least two subunits, Trm11p and Trm112p.
tRNA (m2G10) methyltransferase complex
An endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex that is conserved in eukaryotics and that mediates the insertion of tail-anchored proteins into the ER membrane. In yeast, includes Get1p, Get2p and Get3p proteins.
GET complex
Binding to angiostatin, a proteolytic product of plasminogen or plasmin containing at least one intact kringle domain, and which is an inhibitor of angiogenesis.
angiostatin binding
A multienzyme, heterooligomeric complex involved in dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis. In yeast the complex is composed of Alg7p, which catalyzes the first step (GlcNAc1-PP-Dol from dolichol-phosphate and UDP-GlcNAc), and Alg13p plus Alg14p, the catalytic and anchoring subunits respectively, which together catalyze the second step (GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol from GlcNAc1-PP-Dol and UDP-GlcNAc) of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis.
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase complex
Binding to lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group.
lipoamide binding
The oxidation of arsenite to arsenate, using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Arsenite oxidase provides electrons to an electron carrier which transfers them to oxygen utilizing respiratory systems.
aerobic respiration, using arsenite as electron donor
Binding to insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
insulin binding
The creation of two or more leucoplasts by division of one leucoplast. A leucoplast is a colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.
leucoplast fission
The series of events in which a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.
detection of osmotic stimulus
The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external chemical gradient, usually toward or away from it.
chemotropism
The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.
skin morphogenesis
The layer in a bacterial endospore that lies under the exosporium, and is impermeable to many toxic molecules. The coat may also contain enzymes that are involved in endospore germination.
endospore coat
The outer membrane around a bacterial endospore, located between the endospore cortex and endospore coat.
outer endospore membrane
A layer surrounding a bacterial endospore found inside the outer endospore membrane, but outside the membrane surrounding the endospore core. It consists of peptidoglycan of a different chemical nature than that found in vegetative cell walls which results in less cross-linking of peptidoglycan.
endospore cortex
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.
formamide biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.
formamide catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of carbon utilization.
regulation of carbon utilization
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sucrose.
cellular response to sucrose starvation
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of puromycin, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.
puromycin biosynthetic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.
novobiocin biosynthetic process
The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome.
peribacteroid fluid
A host-derived membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).
host peribacteroid membrane
The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome of a host cell.
host peribacteroid fluid
The inner part of the exine, which stains.
endexine
The inner, non-sculptured part of the exine which lies below the sexine.
nexine
The third layer of the sexine.
sculpture element
The innermost of the major layers of the pollen grain wall which underlies the exine and borders the cytoplasm.
intine
A complex of cell wall invaginations in a synergid cell, similar to those in transfer cells.
filiform apparatus
The modification process that results in the conversion of glutamate charged on a tRNA(Gln) to glutaminyl-tRNA.
conversion of glutamyl-tRNA to glutaminyl-tRNA
The modification process that results in the conversion of aspartate charged on a tRNA(Asn) to asparaginyl-tRNA.
conversion of aspartyl-tRNA to asparaginyl-tRNA
The series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
detection of pheromone
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which pteridine pigments are synthesized and stored. Pterinosomes are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.
pterinosome
A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which an unknown blue pigment is localized. Cyanosomes are synthesized in cyanophores and are blue in appearance.
cyanosome
A tissue-specific cytoplasmic vesicle surrounded by a membrane half-leaflet within which carotenoid pigments are stored. Carotenoid vesicles are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.
carotenoid vesicle
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoisocaproate + NADH + H+ = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + NAD+.
(R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + formate + H+.
2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one formate-lyase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate + H2O = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate + NH3 + CO2.
5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-hydroxynicotinate to 2,5-dihydroxypyridine, dependent on O2, NADH +H+ and FAD.
6-hydroxynicotinate 3-monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine = coenzyme F420-0 + GMP.
LPPG:FO 2-phospho-L-lactate transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + H2O = 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate.
O-succinylbenzoate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-demethylmenaquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = a menaquinol + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. Reaction substrates can have varying polyprenyl side chain length.
demethylmenaquinone methyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenylpropanoate + NAD+ = (E)-cinnamate + NADH + H+.
cinnamate reductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: A + D-glyceraldehyde + H2O = (R)-glycerate + AH2 + H+.
glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde = D-arabino-3-hexulose 6-phosphate.
hexulose-6-phosphate synthase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoylglycine => H2O + imidazol-4-one.
imidazolone hydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: lyso-ornithine lipid + acyl- = ornithine lipid + .
lyso-ornithine lipid acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: a fatty acyl- + orthophosphate = acyl phosphate + .
phosphate:acyl- acyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GTP = lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine + diphosphate.
phospholactate guanylyltransferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: spheroidene + O2 = spheroidenone + H2O.
spheroidene monooxygenase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine + selenophosphate = 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine + phosphate (at the wobble position in tRNA).
tRNA 2-selenouridine synthase activity
A heterotrimeric complex composed of the subunits RecF, RecO and RecR. Mediates the loading of RecA protein specifically onto SSB-coated gapped DNA during DNA repair.
RecFOR complex
Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.
DNA-7-methylguanine glycosylase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: N1-aminopropylagmatine + H2O = spermidine + urea.
aminopropylagmatine ureohydrolase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA = mesaconyl-CoA + H2O.
L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA dehydratase activity
A highly specialized structure unique to microsporidia that is required for host cell invasion. In the spore, the polar tube is connected at the anterior end, and then coils around the sporoplasm. Upon appropriate environmental stimulation, the polar tube rapidly discharges out of the spore, pierces a cell membrane and serves as a conduit for sporoplasm passage into the new host cell.
polar tube
The complex infective apparatus corresponding to the central mass of cytoplasm within a spore that is injected into a host cell by various parasitic microorganisms.
sporoplasm
Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + NADP+ = L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADPH + H+.
L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity
Catalysis of the reaction: xylitol + NAD+ = L-xylulose + NADH + H+.
L-xylulose reductase (NADH) activity
Any process in which the symbiont activates or maintains its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
positive regulation of development of symbiont in host
Any process in which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
negative regulation of development of symbiont in host
A small pit, depression, or invagination, such as any of the minute pits or incuppings of the host cell membrane formed during pinocytosis, that communicates with the outside of a host cell and extends inward, indenting the host cytoplasm and the host cell membrane. Such caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the host cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
host caveola
The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the host cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan.
host cell wall
The process in which a unicellular organism grows in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
filamentous growth of a unicellular organism
The process in which a multicellular organism grows in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
filamentous growth of a multicellular organism
The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell late endosome.
host cell late endosome membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell lysosome and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm.
host cell lysosomal membrane
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the host cell mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.
host cell mitochondrial inner membrane
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host cell mitochondrial envelope.
host cell mitochondrial outer membrane
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic host cells.
host cell nucleolus
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.
host cell nuclear outer membrane
The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a host cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments.
host cell nuclear lamina
The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the host nuclear membrane.
host cell nuclear matrix
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP).
de novo' AMP biosynthetic process
A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one host cell to that of an adjacent host cell.
host cell plasmodesma
The host cell cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the host nucleus.
host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm
An intracytoplasmic membrane-bounded compartment in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria, is the site of anammox catabolism.
anammoxosome
A cytoplasmic structure found in bacterial phyla Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia containing a condensed nucleoid and ribosomes and surrounded by an intracytoplasmic membrane. It is surrounded by ribosome-free cytoplasm, in a compartment called the paryphoplasm.
pirellulosome
Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the apical dendrite emerges.
apical pole of neuron
Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the basilar dendrite emerges.
basal pole of neuron
The external part of the host cell wall and/or host plasma membrane.
host cell surface
The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer host membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or inner host membrane and host cell wall (Fungi).
host cell periplasmic space
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested polysaccharides into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
polysaccharide digestion
The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested proteins into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
protein digestion
Electron dense material observed coating the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane in certain regions of a neuron, e.g., the axon initial segment; the nodal membrane at the Node of Ranvier.
subplasmalemmal coating
A small version of the zonula adherens type junction, characterized by a symmetrical adherent point between two cells.
puncta adhaerentia
The space bounded by the mitochondrial cristae membranes, continuous with the intermembrane space.
mitochondrial intracristal space
Small dendrites that makes up a brush structure found as the terminal specialization of a dendrite of a unipolar brush cell (UBC).
dendriole
The terminal specialization of a calyciferous axon which forms large synapses in the mammalian auditory central nervous system.
calyx of Held
A membrane-bounded vesicle found predominantly in Plasmodium female gametocytes, that becomes progressively more abundant as the gametocyte reaches full maturity. These vesicles lie beneath the subpellicular membrane of the gametocyte, and the release of their contents into the parasitophorous vacuole has been postulated to aid in the escape of gametocytes from the erythrocyte after ingestion by the mosquito.
osmiophilic body
A dense granule-like organelle of the apical complex of merozoites, released into the parasitophorous vacuole, mediating protease-dependent rupture and parasite exit from the infected erythrocyte.
exoneme
A transient, cytoplasmic organelle found in Plasmodium species that resembles a cytoplasmic inclusion body and whose function is poorly understood. Crystalloids form in ookinetes and disappear after ookinete-to-oocyst transformation.
crystalloid
A protein deubiquitination process in which a K6-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
protein K6-linked deubiquitination
The process in which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells, via the type VII protein secretion system.
protein secretion by the type VII secretion system
A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of micropinocytosis.
micropinosome
Binding to a cytokinin, any of a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.
cytokinin binding
Any process that modulates the volume of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
regulation of peroxisome size
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information, occurring within a host cell.
host chromosome