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11403984

TECHNICAL FIELD The disclosure relates to a method for controlling a display and an electronic device supporting the same. BACKGROUND ART An electronic device, such as a smartphone, or a tablet personal computer (PC), may include a display. The electronic device may display various types of content, such as a text, an image, or an icon, through the display. The electronic device may drive the display at various refresh rates (e.g., 60 Hz or 120 Hz). When the refresh rate is increased, a time taken to display one frame may be shortened, and a more natural image may be provided to a user. DISCLOSURE Technical Problem When a refresh rate for driving a display panel is changed in a display driver integrated circuit (IC) of an electronic device, a time taken to charge a data voltage and/or a time taken to discharge the data voltage may be varied. Accordingly, an abnormal image output (e.g., the flickering of a screen) may be caused. Technical Solution An aspect of the disclosure is to provide an electronic device capable of controlling the brightness and/or a color difference of a screen, when the refresh rate for driving the display panel is changed. In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a display panel, a display driver integrated circuit (display driver IC) to drive the digital pen, and a processor operatively connected with the display panel and the display driver IC. The display driver IC may be configured to set an operating mode including a first operating mode having a first refresh rate and a first scan time, a second operating mode having the first refresh rate and a second scan time, and a third operating mode having a second refresh rate and the second scan time, receive an image data stream from the processor, and output the image data stream in one of the operating mode through the display panel. In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a method for displaying a screen, which is performed in an electronic device including a display panel, is provided. The method includes setting an operating mode including a first operating mode having a first refresh rate and a first scan time, a second operating mode having the first refresh rate and a second scan time, and a third operating mode having a second refresh rate and the second scan time, in a display driver IC to drive the display panel, receiving, in the driving driver IC, an image data stream from a processor of the electronic device, and outputting the image data stream through the display panel in one of the operating mode. In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a storage medium is provided. The storage medium has instructions, and the instructions, when executed by at least one processor, may be configured to cause the at least one processor to perform at least one operation. The at least one operation may include setting an operating mode including a first operating mode having a first refresh rate and a first scan time, a second operating mode having the first refresh rate and a second scan time, and a third operating mode having a second refresh rate and the second scan time, displaying an image by using a display panel operatively connected with the processor, receiving a user input onto the display panel, identifying the operating mode corresponding to the received user input, and displaying another image associated with the image, based on the identified operating mode. Advantageous Effects According to various embodiments of the disclosure, the electronic device may provide a mode of controlling the brightness and/or the color difference of the screen, when the refresh rate for driving the display panel is changed. According to various embodiments of the disclosure, the electronic device may maintain the scan time taken to display one image frame when the refresh rate is changed, thereby reducing the brightness difference which may be caused when the screen is switched. According to various embodiments of the disclosure, the electronic device may display the screen having no abnormal image output (e.g., flickering) by controlling the display panel based on the refresh rate and/or the scan time.

11412138

BACKGROUND Field of the Disclosure The present disclosure relates to an imaging apparatus and an imaging method. Description of the Related Art Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-197608 discusses an imaging apparatus that uses a front engine and a back engine to process image data acquired by an imaging circuit. The imaging apparatus discussed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-197608 causes the front engine and the back engine to operate while a live view image is displayed. Thus, even while the live view image is displayed, power to drive the two engines is required. SUMMARY According to embodiments of the present disclosure, an imaging apparatus includes an imaging sensor, a display unit configured to display an image, a first processing circuit configured to control the display unit to display an image based on image data acquired from the imaging sensor, a second processing circuit configured to record in a recording medium the image data acquired from the imaging sensor via the first processing circuit, and a control unit configured to control supply of power to the second processing circuit, wherein the control unit restricts the supply of power to the second processing circuit in an image capturing standby state, and, upon input of an instruction regarding an image capturing operation for recording the image data acquired from the imaging sensor in the recording medium, lifts the restriction of the supply of power to the second processing circuit. Further features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

11300962

BACKGROUND Autonomous vehicles use various computing systems to aid in transporting passengers from one location to another. Some autonomous vehicles may require some initial input or continuous input from an operator, such as a pilot, driver, or passenger. Other systems, for example autopilot systems, may be used only when the system has been engaged, which permits the operator to switch from a manual mode (where the operator exercises a high degree of control over the movement of the vehicle) to an autonomous mode (where the vehicle essentially drives itself) to modes that lie somewhere in between. SUMMARY In one aspect, a method is provided. A map is stored at a computing device associated with a vehicle. The vehicle is configured to operate in an autonomous operation mode that supports a plurality of driving behaviors. The map includes information about a plurality of roads, a plurality of features, and visibility information for at least a first feature in the plurality of features. The computing device queries the map for visibility information for the first feature at a first position. The computing device, in response to querying the map, receives the visibility information for the first feature at the first position. The computing device selects a driving behavior for the vehicle based on the visibility information. The computing device controls the vehicle in accordance with the selected driving behavior. In another aspect, an article of manufacture is provided. The article of manufacture includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform functions. The functions include: (a) storing a map for a vehicle, where the vehicle is configured to operate in an autonomous operation mode that supports a plurality of driving behaviors, and where the map comprises information about a plurality of roads, a plurality of features, and visibility information for at least a first feature in the plurality of features, (b) querying the map for visibility information for the first feature at a first position, (c) in response to the query, receiving the visibility information for the first feature at the first position, (d) selecting a driving behavior for the vehicle based on the visibility information, and (e) controlling the vehicle using the computing device in accordance with the selected driving behavior. In still another aspect, a computing device is provided. The computing device includes a processor and a non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the computing device to perform functions. The functions include: (a) storing a map for a vehicle in the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, where the vehicle is configured to operate in an autonomous operation mode that supports a plurality of driving behaviors, and where the map comprises information about a plurality of roads, a plurality of features, and visibility information for at least a first feature in the plurality of features, (b) querying the map for visibility information for the first feature at a first position, (c) in response to the query, receiving the visibility information for the first feature at the first position, (d) selecting a driving behavior for the vehicle based on the visibility information, and (e) controlling the vehicle in accordance with the selected driving behavior.

11394312

FIELD The present disclosure relates generally to current power modules, and, more particularly, to a coreless current sensor for current power modules. BACKGROUND For high power drive implementations, in-phase current sensors are used to determine the phase currents delivered by an inverter power module to an electric motor. Implementing in-phase current sensing is challenging due to the high power environment which may include phase currents up to 1 kA, voltages up to 1200V, step voltage transients up to 15 kV/μs (Si) or 120 kV/μs (SiC), voltage overshoots of more than 100V in both directions (below DCLink− and DCLink+), a requirement of safe isolation (minimum basic), and a power density (output power per volume). Magnetic sensors implementing field concentrator according to a core-based sensing principle may be used for such in-phase current sensors. Using core-based solution, a field concentrator (e.g., iron core wrapped around a current rail) is placed around each current rail. The field concentrator concentrates a magnetic field produced by a current flowing through the respective current rail, onto a magnetic sensor (monocell) such that a measurement is made. However, using a core-based magnetic sensor has a number of disadvantages, including: cost, complex assembly strategy, inefficiencies in power dissipation, accuracy from hysteresis effects, non-linearity of the field concentrator, and saturation effects, overload capability (remanence), weight, and size. For example, to assemble, each current rail of a power module needs to be routed through a field concentrator associated with each magnetic sensor. This adds complexity and bulk to the assembly of the power module. Therefore, a power module with an improved current sensor may be desirable. SUMMARY According to one or more embodiments, a power module is provided that is configured to supply power to a load. The power module includes a current generator, a current rail, and a magnetic sensor. The current generator is configured to generate a current. The current rail is configured to receive the current and output the current from the power module. The current rail includes a first opening formed therethrough, and the current, while flowing along the current rail in an output direction, produces a magnetic field. The magnetic sensor is disposed in the first opening of the current rail, and is configured to generate a differential sensor signal based on the magnetic field impinging thereon. The current generator is further configured to regulate the current based on the differential sensor signal. One or more embodiments further provide a multi-phase current power module. The power module is configured to supply power to a load, and includes a current generator, a plurality of current rails, and a plurality of magnetic sensors. The current generator is configured to generate a plurality of phase currents. The plurality of current rails are each configured to receive a respective phase current of the plurality of phase currents and output the respective phase current from the power module. Each of the plurality of current rails includes a first opening formed therethrough, and the plurality of phase currents, while flowing along a respective current rail of the plurality of current rails in an output direction, produces a respective magnetic field. Each one of the plurality of magnetic sensors is disposed in the first opening of a different one of the plurality of current rails. Each magnetic sensor is configured to generate a differential sensor signal based on the respective magnetic field impinging thereon such that a plurality of differential sensor signals are generated. The current generator is further configured to regulate the plurality of phase currents based on the plurality of differential sensor signals received from the plurality of magnetic sensors.

11216027

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The presently disclosed subject matter is directed to a rotatable display screen for a computing device. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION As computer technology continues to develop and prices come down, laptop or notebook computers continue to become more prevalent at the office, home and school. Their portability coupled with the same computer power as some desktop computers make them very popular. However, while keyboards, screen, mice and other peripherals can be positioned exactly as one desires on desktop computer systems, notebook computers are limited in their movement as these input and output devices are fixed in position to one another. While many users just accept these shortcomings, other users such as “garners” who participate in first person games, find such restrictions not only uncomfortable for any extended period of time, but also find that such restrictions impact their ability to play the game, resulting in lower scores. Accordingly, there exists a need for a means by which the screen angle and position for a notebook computer can be positioned in multiple ways not currently feasible with conventional notebook computers. The development of the notebook computer with multi-axis pivoting display fulfills this need. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The principles of the present invention provide for a notebook computer, comprising a display section which is mechanically and electrically connected to a keyboard section via an articulating arm. The articulating arm is provided with a lower pivoting joint and an upper pivoting joint. The articulating arm works in conjunction with the lower pivoting joint and the upper pivoting joint to allow the display section to be placed in any almost any position desirable to the keyboard section. This enables increased ergonomic functionality of the notebook computer. The notebook computer also comprises a keyboard section which has a keyboard and a graphical input device. The lower pivoting joint may provide for a first range of motion which is pivotal and allows for 180 degrees of motion. The lower pivoting joint may also provide for a second range of motion which is pivotal and allows for 360 degrees of motion. The upper pivoting joint may provide for a third range of motion which is pivotal and allows for 360° degrees of motion. The articulating arm may be displayed in an upright configuration with the upper pivoting joint having a rotational bearing assembly with a 360° degree bearing surface. The rotational bearing assembly may be provided with an interior pass-through opening which allows for an interconnecting cabling to and from the display section. The interconnecting cabling may carry one or more video signals, one or more power signals, or one or more graphical positioning signals. The articulating arm may be formed as an integral component of the rotational bearing assembly in a unitary configuration. The articulating arm may be attached as a separate component via welding, adhesive, or one or more physical fasteners. The articulating arm may also be provided with a first electrical connector while the display section is provided with a second electrical connector. The display section may be held by a plurality of first mechanical couplers which are provided on the articulating arm and which correspond to a plurality of second mechanical couplers on the display section. The first mechanical couplers may be disengaged by activation of release on a forward face of the articulating arm. The first mechanical couplers may each be provided with a retractable coupler which engage the second mechanical couplers. The first electrical connector may be provided with a plurality of contacts as are necessary to carry each of a corresponding electrical signal as are carried by the interconnecting cabling when the first electrical connector is mated with the second electrical connector. The graphical input device may be a trackpad. The notebook computer may further comprise an additional device selected from the group consisting of a processor, a memory, a data storage mechanism, an input port, an output port, a control switch, a sensor, a battery, a power supply, a cooling mechanism, a mechanical latch, or a mechanical structural device. The keyboard section may be placed left of a user, facing outward on a desk, while the display section is moved closer to the face of the user, thereby providing a more immersive experience. The notebook computer may be selected from the group consisting of a low-cost budget notebook computer, a business enterprise notebook computer, a gaming notebook computer, a heavy-duty industrial grade notebook computer, or a military grade notebook computer.

11466591

BACKGROUND The present disclosure relates to a gas turbine engine and, more particularly, to a seal system therefor. Certain sections of gas turbine engines may operate at high temperatures and pressures and some engine components may be sensitive thereto. Typically, seal systems are positioned at main shaft bearing compartments to minimize the high temperature and pressure air from flowing into sensitive areas and prevent the oil used for cooling and lubrication from escaping the compartment. Such seal systems may utilize carbon seals and labyrinth seals. Conventional seal systems utilize materials which have properties that may result in less favorable operating radial gaps/clearances or may also have strength or structural limitation. Advanced gas turbine engines require higher performance seals which are higher in rubbing velocity while also meeting more aggressive cost, weight, size, environmental, and reliability metrics. SUMMARY A seal system for a gas turbine engine according to one disclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure includes a seal runner manufactured of a Molybdenum alloy material that provides a first coefficient of thermal expansion; and a seal ring manufactured of a graphitic material that provides a second coefficient of thermal expansion greater than the first coefficient of thermal expansion. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the seal ring is assembled to the seal runner to form a sealing interface that provides a clearance in both a hot operating condition and a cold operating condition. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the sealing interface defines a 200%-300% smaller effective sealing interface at the cold operating condition as compared to seal runner materials which have an equivalent tensile yield strength capability of 120,000-142,000 psi tensile yield strength. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the sealing interface at the hot operating condition is essentially zero. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the sealing interface at the hot operating condition is about 0.001 inches (0.0254 mm). A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the seal runner is manufactured of a Titanium-Zirconium-Molybdenum (TZM) alloy. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the seal ring is manufactured of electrographitic carbon materials. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the seal system is an arch-bound seal. A seal system for a gas turbine engine according to one disclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure includes a seal runner manufactured of a Titanium-Zirconium-Molybdenum (TZM) alloy material that provides a first coefficient of thermal expansion; and a seal ring manufactured of an electrographitic carbon material that provides a second coefficient of thermal expansion greater than the first coefficient of thermal expansion, wherein the seal ring is assembled to the seal runner to form a sealing interface that provides a clearance in both a hot operating condition and a cold operating condition. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the sealing interface defines a 200%-300% smaller effective sealing interface at the cold operating condition as compared to materials which have an equivalent tensile yield strength capability of 120,000-142,000 psi tensile yield strength. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the sealing interface at the hot operating condition is essentially zero. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the sealing interface at the hot operating condition is about 0.001 inches (0.0254 mm). A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the seal system is an arch-bound seal. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the seal ring comprises a multiple of segments. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the seal runner provides an approximately 40,000-120,000 psi tensile yield strength, an elastic modulus of 49.1 lbf×10{circumflex over ( )}6/in{circumflex over ( )}2 and a CTE of 2.95 inE−6/in/° F. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the seal system is from 0.5 to 20 inches (12.7-508 mm) in diameter. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the seal system is operable at revolutions per minute of 0-50,000 RPM. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the seal system is operable at from −65° F. to 1200° F. (−54-2192° C.) and 2 psia to 400 psia (0.14-28 bar). A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure includes that the hot operating condition is above 1000° F. (538° C.). The foregoing features and elements may be combined in various combinations without exclusivity, unless expressly indicated otherwise. These features and elements as well as the operation of the invention will become more apparent in light of the following description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, the following description and drawings are intended to be exemplary in nature and non-limiting.

11327621

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is a National Stage of International Application No. PCT/2008/050662 filed Jan. 15, 2008, claiming priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-006928, filed Jan. 16, 2007, and based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-278482, filed Oct. 26, 2007, the contents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a transparent conductive multilayer body that includes a cured resin layer, a first transparent conductive layer, and a second transparent conductive layer sequentially laminated on at least one surface of a polymer film. BACKGROUND ART There has been a widespread use of portable information terminals equipped with a display device (display) and a transparent touch panel (input device). The common transparent touch panel of a resistive-film type is configured to include two transparent electrode substrates, which are disposed about 10 μm to 100 μm distant apart with their transparent conductive layers facing each other. The surfaces of the transparent conductive layers come into contact with each other only at a portion of applied external force, thereby operating as a switch to allow a user to, for example, select a menu on the display screen, or enter graphics and characters. In recent years, there has been movement toward narrower frames in a liquid crystal display or other types of displays, and therefore in transparent touch panels. The narrow frames have created a demand for higher edge pressure durability—write durability at the edge portions of the transparent touch panel—in addition to the write durability conventionally required for the transparent touch panel. To improve write durability required for the transparent touch panel, Patent Documents 1 to 3 propose transparent conductive multilayer bodies in which two transparent polymer film base materials are laminated with an adhesive or a transparent resin layer of a specific hardness (or Young's modulus) in between. While the methods described in these publications are known to improve write durability, the lamination of the two transparent polymer films via an adhesive or a transparent resin layer complicates the production steps, and accordingly production efficiency is poor. Another problem is that, because the transparent conductive multilayer body is structurally weak in rigidity, it bends when used for a large transparent touch panel exceeding 10 inches in screen size. Further, Patent Document 4 proposes a touch panel of a resistive-film type that can be produced with reduced costs and enables mass production, in which at least one of the transparent electrode layers is made from a transparent conductive polymer such as a thiophene conductive polymer or a polyaniline conductive polymer. The publication also proposes a multilayer body including an ITO (indium tin oxide) layer and a transparent conductive polymer layer. However, a transparent conductive multilayer body using conductive polymer material for the transparent electrodes is problematic in that a large contact resistance generates when the oppositely disposed transparent conductive layers forming the transparent touch panel come into contact with each other, preventing the operation of the transparent touch panel. Another problem is that transmittance and environmental reliability cannot be ensured. Patent Document 5 proposes a touch panel in which a polymer layer containing conductive fine particles is formed on a transparent electrode surface of a transparent substrate. Patent Document 6 proposes forming a thin conductive layer of metal and/or metal oxide using a vacuum deposition method, an ion plating method, or a sputtering method, and laminating a conductive coating. However, because the transparent touch panel using the transparent conductive multilayer bodies proposed in Patent Documents 4, 5, and 6 does not include a cured resin layer between the transparent conductive layer and the polymer film, the oligomer component separates out from the polymer film after a process such as a heat treatment, when the polymer film uses polyethylene terephthalate commonly used for the movable electrode substrate of the transparent touch panel. Further, because the properties of the transparent conductive layer (film properties) are not specified, the write durability required for the transparent touch panel cannot be provided when the transparent conductive multilayer body is used for the transparent touch panel. [Patent Document 1] JP-A-2-66809 [Patent Document 2] JP-A-2-129808 [Patent Document 3] JP-A-8-192492 [Patent Document 4] JP-A-2005-182737 [Patent Document 5] JP-A-7-219697 [Patent Document 6] JP-B-3-48605 DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a transparent touch panel having improvements in both write durability conventionally required for the transparent touch panel, and write durability (edge pressure durability) at the edge portions of the transparent touch panel. The invention also provides a transparent conductive multilayer body suitable for such a transparent touch panel.

11398603

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a 35 U.S.C. § 371 national stage application of PCT International Application No. PCT/KR2018/012476, filed Oct. 22, 2018, which claims priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2018-0027346, filed Mar. 8, 2018, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2017-0137489, filed Oct. 23, 2017, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entireties by reference. The above-referenced PCT International Application was published in the Korean language as International Publication No. WO 2019/083235 A1 on May 2, 2019. TECHNICAL FIELD The present specification relates to a heterocyclic compound and an organic electronic device comprising the same. BACKGROUND ART An organic electronic device means a device that requires an exchange of electric charges between electrodes using holes and/or electrons and organic materials. The organic electronic device may be largely divided into the following two categories depending on the operation principle. First, the organic electronic device is an electronic device in which an exciton is formed in an organic material layer by a photon that flows from an external light source to the device, the exciton is separated into electrons and holes, and the electrons and the holes are each transferred to the different electrodes and used as a current source (voltage source). Second, the organic electronic device is an electronic device in which holes and/or electrons are injected into an organic material semiconductor, which forms an interface with two or more electrodes, by applying a voltage or an electric current to the electrodes, and the device is operated by the injected electrons and holes. Examples of an organic electronic device comprise an organic solar cell, an organic photoelectric device, an organic light emitting device, an organic transistor, and the like, and hereinafter, the organic solar cell will be mainly described in detail, but in the organic electronic devices, a hole injection or transport material, an electron injection or transport material, or a light emitting material is operated under similar principles. For the organic solar cell, it is important to increase efficiency so as to output as much electric energy as possible from solar energy. In order to increase the efficiency of the organic solar cell, it is important to generate as many excitons as possible inside a semiconductor, but it is also important to pull the generated charges to the outside without loss. One of the reasons for the charge loss is the dissipation of generated electrons and holes due to recombination. Various methods have been proposed to deliver generated electrons and holes to an electrode without loss, but additional processes are required in most cases, and accordingly, manufacturing costs may be increased. REFERENCES OF THE RELATED ART Patent Document (Patent Document 1) U.S. Pat. No. 5,331,183 (Patent Document 2) U.S. Pat. No. 5,454,880 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Problem The present specification provides a heterocyclic compound and an organic electronic device comprising the same. Technical Solution The present specification provides a heterocyclic compound represented by the following Formula 1. In Formula 1, X, X′ and X1 to X6 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently O, S, or Se, R1 and R2 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chained or branched alkyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chained or branched alkoxy group; or a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chained or branched thioalkoxy group, Y1 and Y2 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently hydrogen; a halogen group; a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chained or branched alkyl group; or a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chained or branched alkoxy group, EW1 and EW2 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently a group which serves as an electron acceptor, Ar1 to Ar4 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, n1 and n2 are each 0 or 1, and when n1 and n2 are 0, and R1 and R2 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chained or branched alkyl group, Y1 and Y2 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently a halogen group; a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chained or branched alkyl group; or a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chained or branched alkoxy group. The present specification provides a composition for an organic electronic device, comprising the above-described heterocyclic compound. Further, the present specification provides an organic electronic device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode provided to face the first electrode; and an organic material layer having one or more layers provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which one or more layers of the organic material layer comprise the above-described composition for an organic electronic device. Advantageous Effects An organic solar cell comprising the heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.

11283885

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The field of the present invention relates generally to a system and method for generating and collecting profile information regarding people and entities and matching or filtering said people and entities based on that profile information. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Social networking systems may use profiles to connect people who might like to meet each other. The idea of connecting strangers or friends who might not otherwise meet is powerful. However, the value of these systems may be limited by the rudimentary methods used to make matches: basic preference characteristics such as a common business relationship, social relationship, family relationship, compatible physical characteristics, or self-declared preferences for food, clothing, leisure activities, sports, entertainment, music, art, etc. A key problem with such basic social networking systems is a lack of verifiability and authenticity of match criteria, leading to a surfeit of low quality matches. Too many low quality matches can lead to a loss of faith in the entire system, poor usability overall, and questions of trust when you meet people (or connect to entities) through such matching criteria. Another problem is that such systems force users to do the tedious work of creating self-generated profiles by inputting personal information, akin to filling out a questionnaire. This creates two problems: inconvenience for participants and a lack of standards that everyone can trust. First, many people are busy, or lazy. Any system that relies on its users creating and updating multivariable profiles is inherently flawed. Too many people will let their profiles become stale. Second, people have different standards when it comes to self-declared information. I may think I am a connoisseur of wine, whereas by someone else's definition I am a novice. In addition, the information I supply in creating my profile may not be useful for distinguishing me from other users in the system. For instance, I may mention that I am a Red Sox fan in my self-generated profile. However, this information may not useful for distinguishing among the thousands of other Red Sox fans in the Boston area. Subtleties are lost. For example, I may be a diehard fan and want to meet others who, like me, have season tickets. In other words, gradation information can be important and is sometimes either lost or mischaracterized with self-generated profiling. What is desired therefore is an improved system and method that adds accountability and standards to user profiles, ideally one which does not burden the user with the cumbersome task of building and maintaining a profile. What is also desired is an improved system and method for location- and context-based matching and filtering of users. What is also desired is an improved system that allows not only people to be matched with other people but also people to be matched with “entities”, such as restaurants, bars, organizations, parties, stores, and even cities. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Aspects of the present invention relate to systems and methods for profile matching and promotion. Location-related data and other profile characteristics are used for promotion and for matching of businesses, venues and other entities with user specified criteria. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

11244275

TECHNICAL FIELD Embodiments of the present invention relates to a logistics support device, a logistics support method, and a program. BACKGROUND ART At a site at which an article is delivered, a temperature in a cold storage unit of a truck may rise when unloading work at a delivery destination is performed. As a countermeasure against this, workers can limit the rise in temperature in a cold storage unit by artificial means such as spraying dry ice at the time of starting unloading work at a delivery destination, but this increases a work load. CITATION LIST Patent Literature [Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2002-71253 SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem An object of the present invention is to provide a logistics support device, a logistics support method, and a program which can support an environment in storage such that it does not deviate from a management rule. Solution to Problem A logistics support device of embodiments includes a deriver and an instruction controller. The deriver performs, when a storage configured to store an article is mounted in a moving body and stays in a work place at which work is performed on an article stored in the storage in a delivery business, statistics processing on environmental information on an environmental change inside the storage. The instruction controller outputs an instruction on the basis of a result of the statistics processing performed by the deriver when a storage configured to store an article is mounted in a moving body and delivery of the article is performed.

11442824

BACKGROUND A data store, such as, for example, a non-relational database, a relational database management system (RDBMS), or other data systems may be implemented as a distributed system. Distributed systems can offer improved reliability and availability, better fault tolerance, increased performance, and easier expansion. Some distributed models employ single-master replication, where data written to a master data store is replicated to one or more secondary stores. Distributed data stores may experience difficulties if the master data store fails.

11269062

FIELD The present invention relates to a laser illumination device and a peripheral monitoring sensor provided with the same. BACKGROUND Laser illumination devices in which a laser beam is used as the light source have been used in recent years for the illumination of vehicular peripheral monitoring sensors, and of monitoring sensors that monitor people in hospitals, factories, facilities, and the like. These laser illumination devices need to enlarge the beam spread of the laser beam and irradiate a wide angle (such as 140 degrees) in order to monitor as wide an area as possible by means of the laser beam emitted from a single light source. For this reason, a diffuser such as a lens array or a diffuser plate for diffusing light, for example, has been used as a means for diffusing laser light. However, with a configuration in which a diffuser is used, there is a limit to how efficiently the laser beam can be widened. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a laser illumination device comprising a micro-element lens, a light diffusing element, and the like as a configuration for diffusing a laser beam over a wide angle. CITATION LIST Patent Literature Patent Literature 1: WO 2008-114502 SUMMARY Technical Problem However, the following problems are encountered with the conventional laser illumination device discussed above. That is, with the laser illumination device disclosed in the above publication, the laser beam emitted from the laser light source is spread out mainly using the micro-element lens and the light diffusing element, so there is a limit to how wide the irradiation range of the laser beam can be. Since a laser beam can cause damage when focused on the retina, there are safety standards for laser products. These safety standards have been set for, for example, in JIS C6802 (JIS: Japanese Industrial Standards), IEC60825 (IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission), and FDA1040 (FDA: US Food & Drug Administration). When a laser illumination device is applied to a vehicular peripheral monitoring sensor, the laser beam irradiates a wide area outdoors, so it needs to have no effect on the human body when used. The conventional laser illumination device discussed above is installed in a projector or another such image display device, and is configured to project an image on a projection screen via a light modulation element. That is, the goal is to irradiate the projection screen with the laser light, and since it is not assumed that the laser will be directed at a person, no consideration whatsoever is given to the safety of the human eye against the laser light. It is an object of the present invention to provide a laser illumination device capable of diffusing an emitted laser light over a wider angle and ensuring the safety of the eyes of any people in the vicinity, as well as a peripheral monitoring sensor provided with this device. Solution to Problem The laser illumination device according to the first invention comprises a light source component, a micro-element lens, and a lens unit. The light source component emits a laser beam. The micro-element lens spreads out the laser light. The lens unit has an incident face on which the laser beam is incident from the micro-element lens, and an emission face provided on the opposite side from the incident face and including a convex shape, and this lens unit has negative power to spread out the laser beam incident from the micro-element lens. Here, in a laser illumination device mounted on a peripheral monitoring sensor or the like, for example, laser light emitted from the light source component irradiates a wide angle of 100 degrees or more in a substantially horizontal direction using a micro-element lens and a lens unit, for example, and the apparent size of the light source that forms an image on the retina of a person nearby is increased. More specifically, a micro-element lens is combined with a lens unit that further expands the laser light that has already been expanded by the micro-element lens so that a wider angle is irradiated, and as a result the laser light is effectively expanded for wide-angle irradiation, which reduces the risk of injuring a person's eyes. Laser light poses the danger of serious injury to the eyes and skin even at a low power level, and products that use laser light need to be carefully managed for safety. Products in which the effect of laser light on the human body, and especially the eyes, has been eliminated are referred to as “eye-safe.” Here, the laser illumination device of the present invention can be used, for example, in vehicular peripheral monitoring sensors, peripheral monitoring devices for automatic guided vehicles (AGV), and as an illumination device in a variety of apparatuses used to monitor of people in hospitals, factories, facilities, and so forth. The above-mentioned light source component is, for example, a laser diode (LD) that emits substantially parallel laser light having a specific wavelength (850 nm), and the laser light is expanded via a micro-element lens and a lens unit so that a wide angle can be irradiated. The above-mentioned micro-element lens is, for example, a lens array including a plurality of micro lenses disposed in the same plane, and spreads out the laser light emitted substantially in parallel from the light source component. The micro lenses included in the micro-element lens may each consist of a lens having a convex portion with a spherical or an aspherical shape in a cross sectional view parallel to the optical axis, or a cylindrical lens in which the focal distances are different in the X direction and the Y direction in the XY plane perpendicular to the optical axis. In addition, the micro-lenses included in the micro-element lens may be disposed in a plane on the incident side from which the laser light is incident from the light source component, or may be disposed on a convex curved surface on the emission side, or may be disposed on both of these. The above-mentioned lens unit is a lens having a negative power and having a convex emission face in order to further expand a laser beam that is incident in a state of having been expanded by the micro-element lens, and to irradiate a wider angle. A meniscus lens or the like is used, for example. A plurality of lenses may be combined into a lens group having a negative power, and this lens group may be used as the lens unit. With the above configuration, using the micro-element lens and the lens unit in combination allows the laser light to be expanded and to irradiate a wide angle of 100 degrees or more, for example. Furthermore, when a lens unit having a convex emission face and a negative power is used, the laser light will be emitted from the entire convex emission face, which makes it less likely that the apparent size of the light source formed on the retina of a person nearby will become smaller, regardless of the angle from which it is viewed. As a result, it is possible to expand the laser beam more effectively so that it irradiates a wider angle, and to reduce the likelihood of damage to the retina of anyone nearby, thereby ensuring a good level of safety. The laser illumination device according to the second invention is the laser illumination device according to the first invention, wherein the micro-element lens has a plurality of micro-lenses disposed in the same plane. Here, a micro-element lens has a plurality of micro-lenses disposed in the same plane. Consequently, the laser light emitted from the light source component can be expanded before being incident on the lens unit. The laser illumination device according to the third invention is the laser illumination device according to the second invention, wherein the micro-lenses included in the micro-element lens have a shape in which the curvature of the convex portion is large in a cross sectional view parallel to the optical axis. Here, lenses having a shape in which the curvature of the convex portion is large are used as the micro-lenses included in the micro-element lens. Here, saying that the lens has a large curvature of the convex portion means that the lens has a curvature in which the distal end portion in the optical axis direction has a curvature larger than that of the periphery in a cross sectional view parallel to the optical axis. Consequently, using a micro-element lens including micro-lenses having such an aspherical shape prevents the central portion from being brighter and the periphery darker in the angular intensity distribution of the laser light, and allows the periphery to be made brighter with respect to the center. As a result, the entire range of irradiation by the laser light can be irradiated with a sufficient amount of laser light, which makes it possible to detect obstacles, people, etc., in the surrounding area with high accuracy, for example. The laser illumination device according to the fourth invention is the laser illumination device according to the second or third invention, wherein the micro-lenses included in the micro-element lens are cylindrical lenses. Here, a cylindrical lens having curvature in one direction in a plane parallel to the optical axis and having no curvature in a direction perpendicular to this is used for each of the micro-lenses included in the micro-element lens. Consequently, when this laser illumination device is used as an illumination device in a sensor for monitoring the periphery of a vehicle, for example, the laser light is expanded and irradiates a wide angle only in a substantially horizontal direction, whereas the laser light is not expanded in a substantially vertical direction. The laser illumination device according to the fifth invention is the laser illumination device according to any of the first to fourth inventions, wherein the incident face of the lens unit has a concave shape. Here, a lens unit is used in which the incident face side was formed in a concave shape. Consequently, the concave incident face of the lens unit can further expand the laser beam that has already been expanded by the micro-element lens to widen the angle, and the convex emission face of the lens unit increases the apparent size of the light source formed on the retina of a person, regardless of the angle from which the light is viewed, which ensures the safety of the eyes of any people in the surrounding area. The laser illumination device according to the sixth invention is the laser illumination device according to any of the first to fifth inventions, wherein the lens unit is a meniscus lens. Here, a meniscus lens is used as the lens unit having a convex shape on the emission face side and having negative power. Consequently, using a meniscus lens having a concave shape on the incident side and a convex shape on the emission side and having a negative power further expands the laser light that is incident from the micro-element lens to widen the angle, and this also ensures the safety of the eyes of any people in the surrounding area. The laser illumination device according to the seventh invention is the laser illumination device according to any of the first to sixth inventions, further comprising a beam expander that is configured to combine a plurality of lenses disposed between the light source component and the micro-element lens, and that expands the beam diameter of the laser beam emitted from the light source component. Here, a beam expander is provided between the light source component and the micro-element lens to expand the substantially parallel laser light emitted from the light source component into substantially parallel light whose beam diameter has been expanded. Here, the beam expander is constituted, for example, by a first lens for expanding the substantially parallel laser light emitted from the light source component, and a second lens for converting the laser light expanded by the first lens back into substantially parallel laser light. Consequently, the beam diameter of the laser beam can be expanded to be incident on the micro-element lens while the beam remains substantially parallel, so that the laser light can more effectively irradiate a wide angle, and the apparent size of the light source formed on the retina of a person can be increased. Also, as described above, the addition of a beam expander increases the beam diameter of the laser beam incident on the micro-element lens. Accordingly, when a given irradiation range (angle) is irradiated with a laser beam, the optical path length can be shortened and the optical system can be more compact. The laser illumination device according to the eighth invention is the laser illumination device according to any of the first to the seventh inventions, wherein the micro-element lens includes diffusion particles that spread out the incident laser beam. Here, a micro-element lens that includes diffusion particles is used. Consequently, in addition to the diffusion effect attributable to the shape of the lens, the diffusion effect of the diffusion particles can also be obtained, allowing the light to be more effectively expanded for irradiation over a wide angle. Also, since the laser light diffusion effect in the micro-element lens is increased, when the laser light irradiates a given irradiation range (angle), the curvature of the convex emission face of the lens unit disposed on the downstream side can be decreased. The laser illumination device according to the ninth invention is the laser illumination device according to any of the first to eighth inventions, wherein the lens unit includes diffusion particles that spread out the incident laser beam. Here, a lens unit including diffusion particles is used. Consequently, in addition to the diffusion effect attributable to the shape of the lens, the diffusion effect of the diffusion particles can also be obtained, and the laser beam incident on the lens unit can be expanded more effectively and can irradiate a wider angle. The laser illumination device according to the tenth invention is the laser illumination device according to any of the first to ninth inventions, further comprising a diffuser that is disposed between the micro-element lens and the lens unit and spreads out the incident laser beam. Here, a diffuser that spreads out the incident laser light is disposed between the micro-lens and the lens unit. The shape of the diffuser here may be, for example, a plate shape, or may be spherical or cuboid. Consequently, the laser light emitted from the micro-element lens can be further expanded in the diffuser, after which it can be incident on the lens unit. As a result, the laser beam emitted from the micro-element lens can be further expanded to be incident on the lens unit, so that the laser beam can more effectively irradiate over a wide angle. Also, as described above, when a diffuser is added, the laser beam incident via the lens unit irradiates an even wider angle. Accordingly, when a laser beam irradiates a given irradiation range (angle), the curvature of the convex emission face of the lens unit disposed on the downstream side can be decreased. The laser illumination device according to the eleventh invention comprises a light source component, a lens unit, and a micro-element lens. The light source component emits a laser beam. The lens unit has an incident face on which the laser beam is incident from the light source component, and an emission face provided on the opposite side from the incident face and including a convex shape, and the lens unit has negative power to spread out the laser beam. The micro-element lens has a plurality of micro-lenses disposed on the emission face of the lens unit and spreads out the laser beam. Here, with a laser illumination device mounted on a peripheral monitoring sensor or the like, for example, laser light emitted from the light source component irradiates a wide angle of 100 degrees or more in a substantially horizontal direction, for example, using the lens unit and the micro-element lens, and the apparent size of the light source formed on the retina of anyone in the surrounding area is increased. More specifically, the lens unit that expands the laser beam emitted from the light source component to widen the angle is combined with the micro-element lens that has a plurality of micro-lenses disposed on the emission face of the lens unit to further expand the laser beam, so the laser beam irradiates a wide angle and the risk of injury to human eyes is reduced. With regard to so-called eye-safe products which prevent the apparent size of the light source formed on the retina of the human eye from becoming smaller, these are defined under the above-mentioned IEC 60825 or the like, as a safety standard for laser products. Here, the laser illumination device of the present invention can be used, for example, in vehicular peripheral monitoring sensors, peripheral monitoring devices for automatic guided vehicles (AGV), and as an illumination device in a variety of apparatuses used to monitor of people in hospitals, factories, facilities, and so forth. The above-mentioned light source component is, for example, a laser diode (LD) that emits substantially parallel laser light having a specific wavelength (850 nm), and the laser light is expanded via a micro-element lens and a lens unit so that a wide angle can be illuminated. The above-mentioned lens unit is a lens having a negative power and having a convex emission face in order to further expand a laser beam that is incident in a state of having been expanded by the micro-element lens, and to irradiate a wider angle. A meniscus lens or the like is used, for example. A plurality of lenses may be combined into a lens group having a negative power, and this lens group may be used as the lens unit. The above-mentioned micro-element lens is, for example, a lens array including a plurality of micro lenses disposed on the emission face of the lens unit, and further spreads out the laser light by the lens unit having negative power. In addition, the micro lenses included in the micro-element lens may each consist of a lens having a convex portion with a spherical or an aspherical shape in a cross sectional view parallel to the optical axis, or a cylindrical lens, anamorphic lens, or the like in which the focal distances are different in the X direction and the Y direction in the XY plane perpendicular to the optical axis. With the above configuration, a lens unit and a micro-element lens are used in combination, which allows the laser beam to be expanded and to irradiate a wide angle of 100 degrees or more, for example. Furthermore, using a lens unit that has a convex emission face and has a negative power results in laser light being irradiated from the entire micro-element lens disposed on the emission face including a convex shape, so it is less likely that the apparent size of the light source formed on the retina of a person nearby will become smaller, regardless of the angle from which it is viewed. As a result, the laser beam can be expanded more effectively and irradiate a wider angle, and it is possible to reduce the damage to the retina any people in the surrounding area and thereby ensure better safety. The peripheral monitoring sensor according to a twelfth invention comprises the laser illumination device according to any of the first to eleventh inventions, a light receiver, and a detector. The light receiver receives reflected light of the laser beam emitted from the laser illumination device, from a plurality of directions. The detector detects surrounding objects on the basis of the amount and direction of the reflected light received by the light receiver. Here, a peripheral monitoring sensor is configured to comprise the above-mentioned laser illumination device, a light receiver that receives reflected light of the laser beam from a plurality of directions, and a detector that detects surrounding objects (obstacles, people, etc.) on the basis of the amount and direction of the reflected light. Here, an image sensor or the like that receives the reflected light of the laser beam emitted from the laser illumination device can be used as the light receiver, for example. Consequently, the above configuration makes it possible to obtain a peripheral monitoring sensor capable of more effectively expanding the emitted laser light so that it irradiates a wider angle, and ensuring the safety of the eyes of people in the surrounding area. Advantageous Effects With the laser illumination device according to the present invention, the emitted laser beam can be more effectively expanded and can irradiate a wider angle, and the safety of the eyes of any people in the surrounding area can be ensured.

11500260

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a liquid drop control device. BACKGROUND ART PTL 1 discloses an electrowetting display in which a cell having an opening is formed by applying a seal material to a first substrate to form a seal pattern shaped like a frame, bonding the first substrate to a second substrate, and curing the seal material. Through the opening, emulsion ink containing a lyophilic liquid and a lyophobic liquid dispersed in the lyophilic liquid is injected into the cell. CITATION LIST Patent Literature PTL 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2012-68506 (published on Apr. 5, 2012) SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem In a case where a displacement in alignment of the seal material occurs during the formation of the seal material, a gap is formed between the seal material and a lyophobic liquid region, with the result that, oil may not appropriately wet spread as intended by a designer. The inventors found that it is possible to, by appropriately forming a lyophilic region and a lyophobic region on top of a substrate to control how injected oil wet spreads, make it harder for bubbles to remain in a cell. Solution to Problem In order to solve the foregoing problems, a method for manufacturing a liquid drop control device of the present invention includes: a substrate manufacturing step of manufacturing two substrates each including a lyophobic layer; and a bonding step of applying a seal material at a gap from an end face of the lyophobic layer of a first one of the substrates, bonding a second one of the substrate and the seal material together so that the lyophobic layers face each other, and sealing a space between the two substrates. In at least one of the substrates, the end face of the lyophobic layer and the seal material make contact with each other in at least one place. Further, a liquid drop control device of the present invention is a liquid drop control device including: two substrates whose respective lyophobic layers face each other; and a seal material sealing a space between the two substrates, wherein in at least, one of the substrates, the end face of the lyophobic layer and the seal material make contact with each other in at least one place. Advantageous Effects of Invention The present invention makes it possible to provide a liquid drop control device having a structure in which bubbles in a cell that inhibit the behavior of a reagent are hardly produced during injection of oil.

11395877

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the delivery of a fluid and more particularly, to systems and methods for fluid delivery. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Millions of people live with diabetes mellitus. These patients are further commonly classified into one of two types of diabetes, Type I and Type II. Type I, historically referred to as Juvenile Diabetes, is an autoimmune disease, and is characterized by the inability to secrete insulin. Type II is a disease that compromises the ability to respond to insulin and/or produce enough insulin. Both types of diabetes are characterized by hyperglycemia. Patient's living with Type I diabetes require multiple injections of insulin, a hormone that lowers blood glucose levels, everyday to survive. However, to maintain long-term health people living with diabetes strive to maintain as close to a “non-diabetic” blood glucose level as possible. Maintaining a healthy blood glucose level, however, is a very difficult goal to achieve. To this end, there have been efforts to design portable devices, e.g. insulin pumps, for the controlled release of insulin. There are many different forms of insulin available. Most patients using an insulin pump currently use U-100 insulin rapid-acting insulin (e.g., HUMALOG insulin lispro injection or the like) in the pump. Insulin pump devices are known to have a reservoir such as a cartridge, syringe, or bag, and to be electronically controlled. However, the delivery rates must be manually entered by the person living with diabetes or a caregiver of that person. Thus, the diabetic patient determines/dictates the amount of insulin delivered for any given time/period of time (i.e., the “basal” and “bolus” rate/amount) using information or factors available to them, for example, their blood glucose readings determined using a blood glucose meter, past data from like situations, the food they intend to eat or have eaten, anticipated or previously completed exercise, and/or stress or illness. However, although the diabetic patient determines the rate/amount based on one or more of these factors (or additional factors), managing diabetes is not an exact science. There are many reasons for this, including, but not limited to, inaccurate methods of delivery of insulin, inaccurate blood glucose meters, inability to correctly count carbohydrate intake, inability to determine approaching illness, inability to predict the exact effects of exercise, and the inability to anticipate or forecast the effect of many additional hormones or processes in the body. The nature of managing diabetes is further complicated by the risk of hypoglycemia which may be fatal. Thus, over-calculating the amount of insulin required may be life-threatening. Short-term effects of hyperglycemia are not fatal; however, complications due to long-term hyperglycemia are known and include shorter life span, increased risk of heart attack or stroke, kidney failure, adult blindness, nerve damage and non-traumatic amputations. Thus, under-calculating the amount of insulin required may, in the long-term, substantially affect quality of life as well as lead to fatal complications. Accordingly, there is a need for systems and methods for delivering the appropriate amount (i.e., the amount of insulin required to maintain a desired blood glucose level) of insulin at the appropriate time in a safe and effective manner. SUMMARY In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a system for at least partial closed-loop control of a medical condition. The system includes at least one medical fluid pump. The medical fluid pump including a sensor for determining the volume of fluid pumped by the pump. Also, at least one continuous analyte monitor, and a controller. The controller is in communication with the medical fluid pump and the at least one continuous analyte monitor. The controller includes a processor. The processor includes instructions for delivery of medical fluid based at least on data received from the at least one continuous analyte monitor. Some embodiments of this aspect of the invention include one or more of the following. Where the sensor further includes an acoustic volume sensor. Where the system further includes a network operation center, the network operation center in communication with the processor. Where the pump further includes a pumping chamber having an inlet connectable to provide fluid communication with a fluid source, and a pump outlet and a force application assembly adapted to provide a compressive stroke to the pumping chamber, wherein the compressive stroke causes a restriction of retrograde flow of fluid from the pumping chamber through the inlet while urging fluid from the pumping chamber to the pump outlet. Where the force application assembly is coupled to an inlet valve actuator and to a pump actuator, so that the compressive stroke actuates an inlet valve coupled between the inlet and the fluid source to close the valve when the pump actuator causes fluid to be urged from the pumping chamber to the pump outlet. Where the force application assembly comprising a motor for coordinated operation of the valve actuator and the pump actuator, wherein the motor includes at least one shape-memory actuator. Where at least one of the continuous analyte monitors is a continuous glucose monitor. Where the system includes at least one accelerometer. Where the system includes at least one blood oxygen sensor. Where the system further includes at least one inertial measurement unit comprising at least one accelerometer and at least one gyroscope. Where the system includes at least one temperature sensor. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a method for at least partial closed-loop control of a medical condition is disclosed. The method includes receiving glucose data during a time frame or an event, comparing the glucose data to a previous and similar time frame or event, determining an unexpected result during the time frame or the event, and sending an alert signal to indicate an unexpected result. Some embodiments of this aspect of the invention include one or more of the following. Wherein sending an alert signal includes alerting a user of the unexpected result. Where the method further includes prompting the user to enter information regarding the unexpected result. Where the system, not receiving information regarding the unexpected result from the user, shutting down the system. Wherein shutting down the system includes alerting the user of the shutdown through a series of alarms. Wherein alerting the user of the shutdown through a series of alarms includes alerting the user of the shutdown through a series of increasing alarms. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a method for at least partial closed-loop control of a medical condition. The method includes receiving medical fluid delivery data during a time frame or an event, comparing the medical fluid delivery data to a previous and similar time frame or event, determining an unexpected result during the time frame or the event, and sending an alert signal to indicate an unexpected result. Some embodiments of this aspect of the invention include one or more of the following. Wherein sending an alert signal includes alerting a user of the unexpected result. Where the method further includes prompting the user to enter information regarding the unexpected result. Where the system, not receiving information regarding the unexpected result from the user, shutting down the system. Wherein shutting down the system includes alerting the user of the shutdown through a series of alarms. Wherein alerting the user of the shutdown through a series of alarms includes alerting the user of the shutdown through a series of increasing alarms. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a method for monitoring the integrity of an analyte sensor. The method includes injecting a volume of an analyte having a predetermined concentration in close proximity to a continuous analyte sensor for the analyte, receiving data from the continuous analyte sensor, and analyzing the data to determine whether the analyte sensor is responsive to the injected volume of analyte. Some embodiments of this aspect of the invention include wherein the analyte is glucose. These aspects of the invention are not meant to be exclusive and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art when read in conjunction with the appended claims and accompanying drawings.

11340216

BACKGROUND Reporter assays have been used routinely in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries to identify lead compounds that affect protein function. In the last decade, the chemist's ability to synthesize large numbers of chemical compounds in a short amount of time through techniques such as combinatorial chemistry has greatly increased, and often, thousands to millions of compounds need to be screened to identify those having a desired effect on a protein of interest. Typically, reporter assays measure the activities of a protein of interest (POI) in the presence of a test agent to evaluate the ability of the test agent to affect the function of the POI. SUMMARY In screening for an agent that downregulates a POI, most previous assays were “down” assays, meaning that a hit is identified by a decrease in a detectable signal corresponding to the downregulated POI, such as a decrease in a reporter protein signal. Such down assays can be a source of artifacts, as there are typically more spurious or trivial ways to downregulate than upregulate in biological assays. Assays of the present invention are “up” assays, meaning that a hit is identified by a positive indicator, such as cell growth and/or survival. The present disclosure relates, in some aspects, to the development of up assays in which cell survival may be used to positively select for agents that destabilize a POI. In various aspects, the disclosure provides a description of compositions and methods that utilize fusion constructs having a cytotoxic element fused to a POI, whereby degradation of the fusion construct promotes cell survival and/or cell viability. Accordingly, in some aspects, the disclosure provides a method of identifying a test agent that destabilizes a POI, the method comprising: providing cells expressing a recombinant fusion protein comprising a POI and an enzyme, wherein the enzyme converts an exogenous substrate that is not toxic to the cells into a product that is toxic to the cells; contacting a first portion of the cells with a test agent; culturing the first portion of the cells in the presence of the exogenous substrate; culturing, separately from the first portion of cells, a second portion of the cells in the presence of the exogenous substrate, wherein the second portion of the cells is not contacted with the test agent; and determining a level of cell survival in each of the cultured portions, wherein a greater level of survival (e.g., cell survival) in the first portion compared to the second portion indicates that the test agent destabilizes the POI. In some embodiments, the POI is an oncoprotein. In some embodiments, the oncoprotein is selected from the group consisting of MYC, Ikaros family zinc finger protein 1 (IKZF1), Ikaros family zinc finger protein 3 (IKZF3), Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), mutant p53, N-Ras, K-Ras, c-Fos, c-Jun, and estrogen receptor (ER). In some embodiments, the POI is a protein associated with neurodegeneration, e.g., a protein whose accumulation is associated with neurodegeneration. In some embodiments, the POI is a prion. In some embodiments, the POI is an amyloid protein. In some embodiments, the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of deoxycytidine kinase, thymidylate kinase, thymidine kinase-guanylate kinase fusion, and FKBP-Caspase9 fusion. In some embodiments, the exogenous substrate is a synthetic compound. In some embodiments, the synthetic compound is a nucleoside analog. In some embodiments, the nucleoside analog is selected from the group consisting of bromovinyl-deoxyuridine, azidothymidine (AZT), and Ganciclovir. In some embodiments, the synthetic compound is AP1903. In some embodiments, the test agent is selected from the group consisting of a small organic molecule, an amino acid, a protein, a nucleoside, a nucleotide, a nucleic acid, or an analog or derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the test agent is an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD). In some embodiments, the IMiD is selected from the group consisting of thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide. In some embodiments, the test agent is an estrogen receptor antagonist. In some embodiments, the estrogen receptor antagonist is Fulvestrant. In some embodiments, the cells further express a reporter protein. In some embodiments, the reporter protein is a fluorescent protein or a bioluminescent protein. In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein is selected from the group consisting of green fluorescent protein, tdTomato, and red fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, the bioluminescent protein is selected from the group consisting of renilla luciferase (RLuc) and firefly luciferase (FLuc). In some aspects, the disclosure provides a method of identifying a test agent that destabilizes a POI, the method comprising providing cells expressing a recombinant fusion protein comprising a POI and an enzyme, wherein the enzyme converts an exogenous substrate that is not toxic to the cells into a product that is toxic to the cells; contacting the cells with a library of test agents; culturing the cells in the presence of the exogenous substrate; determining cell survival in the cultured cells, wherein survival of a cell indicates that a test agent from the library of test agents destabilizes the POI; and isolating the surviving cell. In some embodiments, the method further comprises identifying the test agent from the surviving cell. In some embodiments, the library of test agents is selected from the group consisting of a library of nucleic acids, a library of peptides, a library of antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof, and a library of small organic molecules. In some embodiments, the library of nucleic acids comprises DNA, cDNA, RNA, siRNA, shRNA, miRNA, sgRNA, mRNA, or some combination thereof. In some embodiments, the library of test agents is a viral library. In some embodiments, the viral library is selected from the group consisting of a lentiviral library, a retroviral library, an adenoviral library, an adeno-associated viral library, a herpes simplex viral library, and a baculoviral library. In some embodiments, contacting the cells with the library of agents comprises transducing the cells with the viral library. In some embodiments, the test agent is identified by nucleic acid sequencing. In some embodiments, the test agent is identified by peptide sequencing. In some embodiments, the cells further express a reporter protein. In some embodiments, the reporter protein is a fluorescent protein or a bioluminescent protein. In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein is selected from the group consisting of green fluorescent protein, tdTomato, and red fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, the bioluminescent protein is selected from the group consisting of renilla luciferase (RLuc) and firefly luciferase (FLuc). In some embodiments, the test agent destabilizes the POI by degrading the POI. In some embodiments, the test agent destabilizes the POI by degrading an mRNA molecule encoding the POI. In some embodiments, the test agent destabilizes the POI by degrading an mRNA molecule encoding a protein that regulates the stability of the protein of interest. In some aspects, the disclosure provides a method of identifying a test agent that destabilizes a POI, the method comprising: providing a mixture of cells comprising a first portion of cells expressing a recombinant fusion protein comprising a POI and an enzyme and a second portion of cells expressing a recombinant protein comprising the enzyme, wherein the enzyme converts an exogenous substrate that is not toxic to the cells into a product that is toxic to the cells; contacting the mixture of cells with a test agent; culturing the mixture of cells in the presence of the exogenous substrate; and determining a level of cell survival (e.g., a number of surviving cells) for each of the portions in the cultured mixture, wherein a ratio of the number of cells in the first portion to the number of cells in the second portion in the cultured mixture greater than 1 indicates that the test agent destabilizes the POI. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: providing an aliquot of the mixture of cells that has not been contacted with the test agent; culturing the aliquot in the presence of the exogenous substrate; and determining the level of cell survival for each of the portions in the cultured aliquot, wherein a ratio of the number of cells in the first portion to the number of cells in the second portion in the cultured aliquot that is less than the ratio in the cultured mixture indicates that the test compound destabilizes the protein of interest. In some embodiments, the first portion of cells further expresses a first reporter protein and the second portion of cells further expresses a second reporter protein, wherein the second reporter protein is different from the first reporter protein. In some embodiments, the first reporter protein and the second reporter protein are each independently a fluorescent protein or a bioluminescent protein. In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein is selected from the group consisting of green fluorescent protein, tdTomato, and red fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, the level of cell survival is determined by flow cytometry. In some embodiments, the bioluminescent protein is selected from the group consisting of renilla luciferase (RLuc) and firefly luciferase (FLuc). In some embodiments, the ratio of the first portion to the second portion in the mixture is less than 1 prior to culturing. In some embodiments, the ratio of the first portion to the second portion is approximately 0.1, 0.01, or 0.001. In some embodiments, the POI is an oncoprotein. In some embodiments, the oncoprotein is selected from the group consisting of MYC, Ikaros family zinc finger protein 1 (IKZF1), Ikaros family zinc finger protein 3 (IKZF3), Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), mutant p53, N-Ras, K-Ras, c-Fos, c-Jun, and estrogen receptor (ER). In some embodiments, the POI is a protein associated with neurodegeneration, e.g., a protein whose accumulation is associated with neurodegeneration. In some embodiments, the POI is a prion. In some embodiments, the POI is an amyloid protein. In some embodiments, the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of deoxycytidine kinase, thymidylate kinase, thymidine kinase-guanylate kinase fusion, and FKBP-Caspase9 fusion. In some embodiments, the exogenous substrate is a synthetic compound. In some embodiments, the synthetic compound is a nucleoside analog. In some embodiments, the nucleoside analog is selected from the group consisting of bromovinyl-deoxyuridine, azidothymidine (AZT), and Ganciclovir. In some embodiments, the synthetic compound is AP1903. In some embodiments, the test agent is an IMiD. In some embodiments, the IMiD is selected from the group consisting of thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide. In some embodiments, the test agent is an estrogen receptor antagonist. In some embodiments, the estrogen receptor antagonist is Fulvestrant. In some aspects, the disclosure provides a DNA vector comprising in operable linkage: (a) a promoter; (b) a nucleotide sequence encoding a fusion protein comprising a POI fused to a cytotoxic element (e.g., deoxycytidine kinase (dCK)); (c) an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES); and (d) a nucleotide sequence encoding a reporter protein. In some embodiments, the cytotoxic element is an enzyme. In some embodiments, the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of deoxycytidine kinase, thymidylate kinase, thymidine kinase-guanylate kinase fusion, and FKBP-Caspase9 fusion. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises a linker fusing the protein of interest to the cytotoxic element (e.g., dCK). In some embodiments, the linker comprises a peptide linker. In some embodiments, the peptide linker comprises one or more iterations of the amino acid sequence Glycine-Glycine-Serine. In some embodiments, the reporter protein is a fluorescent protein or a bioluminescent protein. In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein is selected from the group consisting of green fluorescent protein, tdTomato, and red fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, the bioluminescent protein is selected from the group consisting of renilla luciferase (RLuc) and firefly luciferase (FLuc). In some embodiments, the promoter is an inducible promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter is a eukaryotic promoter or a synthetic promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter comprises cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. In some embodiments, the POI is derived from an ORFeome of an organism. In some embodiments, the POI comprises an oncoprotein. In some embodiments, the oncoprotein is selected from the group consisting of MYC, Ikaros family zinc finger protein 1 (IKZF1), Ikaros family zinc finger protein 3 (IKZF3), Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), mutant p53, N-Ras, K-Ras, c-Fos, c-Jun, and estrogen receptor (ER). In some embodiments, the POI is a protein associated with neurodegeneration, e.g., a protein whose accumulation is associated with neurodegeneration. In some embodiments, the POI is a prion. In some embodiments, the POI is an amyloid protein. In some aspects, the disclosure provides an isolated host cell comprising a DNA vector comprising in operable linkage: (a) a promoter; (b) a nucleotide sequence encoding a fusion protein comprising a POI fused to a cytotoxic element (e.g., deoxycytidine kinase (dCK)); (c) an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES); and (d) a nucleotide sequence encoding a reporter protein. In some embodiments, the isolated host cell is a bacterial cell, a yeast cell, a plant cell, an insect cell, or a mammalian cell. In some embodiments, the cytotoxic element is an enzyme. In some embodiments, the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of deoxycytidine kinase, thymidylate kinase, thymidine kinase-guanylate kinase fusion, and FKBP-Caspase9 fusion. In some embodiments, the fusion protein comprises a linker fusing the protein of interest to the cytotoxic element (e.g., dCK). In some embodiments, the linker comprises a peptide linker. In some embodiments, the peptide linker comprises one or more iterations of the amino acid sequence Glycine-Glycine-Serine. In some embodiments, the reporter protein is a fluorescent protein or a bioluminescent protein. In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein is selected from the group consisting of green fluorescent protein, tdTomato, and red fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, the bioluminescent protein is selected from the group consisting of renilla luciferase (RLuc) and firefly luciferase (FLuc). In some embodiments, the promoter is an inducible promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter is a eukaryotic promoter or a synthetic promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter comprises cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. In some embodiments, the open reading frame is derived from an ORFeome of an organism. In some embodiments, the open reading frame encodes an oncoprotein. In some embodiments, the oncoprotein is selected from the group consisting of MYC, Ikaros family zinc finger protein 1 (IKZF1), Ikaros family zinc finger protein 3 (IKZF3), Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), mutant p53, N-Ras, K-Ras, c-Fos, c-Jun, and estrogen receptor (ER). In some embodiments, the POI is a protein associated with neurodegeneration, e.g., a protein whose accumulation is associated with neurodegeneration. In some embodiments, the POI is a prion. In some embodiments, the POI is an amyloid protein. In some aspects, the disclosure provides a method of identifying a test agent that destabilizes a protein of interest, the method comprising: providing cells comprising a DNA vector comprising, in operable linkage, an inducible promoter and a nucleotide sequence encoding a fusion protein comprising a protein of interest fused to a cytotoxic element; contacting a first portion of the cells with a test agent; culturing the first portion of the cells in the presence of an inducer of the inducible promoter; culturing, separately from the first portion of cells, a second portion of the cells in the presence of the inducer, wherein the second portion of the cells is not contacted with the test agent; and determining a level of cell survival in each of the cultured portions, wherein a greater level of survival in the first portion compared to the second portion indicates that the test agent destabilizes the protein of interest. In some embodiments, the inducible promoter is a chemically inducible promoter. In some embodiments, the chemically inducible promoter is selected from the group consisting of an ethanol-inducible promoter, an IPTG-inducible promoter, a tetracycline-inducible promoter, a steroid-inducible promoter, and a metal-inducible promoter. In some embodiments, the inducer is any compound that directly or indirectly interacts with the inducible promoter to initiate or enhance transcription of the nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, the inducible promoter is a heat-shock inducible promoter. In some embodiments, the inducer is heat. In some embodiments, a positive selection assay described in the application can be conducted by applying a mixture of at least 10, at least 50, at least 100, at least 1,000, at least 5,000, at least 10,000, at least 50000, at least 105, at least 106, at least 107, at least 108, at least 109, or more test agents in a single vessel, culturing cells with the mixture, and determining a level of cell survival in accordance with the methods described herein. In some embodiments, if cell survival is indicative of a test agent that destabilizes a protein of interest, then a subsequent experiment can be conducted by separating test agents from the mixture to identify a particular agent responsible for cell survival. In this manner, a high throughput screen can be accomplished using any of the techniques provided in the application. In some embodiments, a positive selection assay described in the application can be conducted by applying a single test agent at varying concentrations in different vessels, culturing cells with each concentration of the single test agent, and determining a level of cell survival in accordance with the methods described herein. In this way, dose-response can be evaluated by comparing the dose at which a test agent is able to promote cell survival in relation to a control agent that is known to promote cell survival. In any of the foregoing embodiments, a nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein in cells further encodes a reporter protein. That is, in some embodiments, the fusion protein and the reporter protein are encoded by, or expressed from, a nucleic acid molecule having a contiguous nucleotide sequence. In some embodiments, a sequence encoding a fusion protein may be separated from a sequence encoding a reporter protein by an IRES element. Alternatively, a cleavable element can be included as described in further detail herein.

11395298

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method for allocating a transmission resource for device-to-device (D2D) communication in a wireless communication system and apparatus therefor. BACKGROUND ART 3GPP LTE (3rd generation partnership project long term evolution hereinafter abbreviated LTE) communication system is schematically explained as an example of a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure is applicable. FIG. 1is a schematic diagram of E-UMTS network structure as one example of a wireless communication system. E-UMTS (evolved universal mobile telecommunications system) is a system evolved from a conventional UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system). Currently, basic standardization works for the E-UMTS are in progress by 3GPP. E-UMTS is called LTE system in general. Detailed contents for the technical specifications of UMTS and E-UMTS refers to release7and release8of “3rd generation partnership project; technical specification group radio access network”, respectively. Referring toFIG. 1, E-UMTS includes a user equipment (UE), an eNode B (eNB), and an access gateway (hereinafter abbreviated AG) connected to an external network in a manner of being situated at the end of a network (E-UTRAN). The eNode B may be able to simultaneously transmit multi data streams for a broadcast service, a multicast service and/or a unicast service. One eNode B contains at least one cell. The cell provides a downlink transmission service or an uplink transmission service to a plurality of user equipments by being set to one of 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz of bandwidths. Different cells can be configured to provide corresponding bandwidths, respectively. An eNode B controls data transmissions/receptions to/from a plurality of the user equipments. For a downlink (hereinafter abbreviated DL) data, the eNode B informs a corresponding user equipment of time/frequency region on which data is transmitted, coding, data size, HARQ (hybrid automatic repeat and request) related information and the like by transmitting DL scheduling information. And, for an uplink (hereinafter abbreviated UL) data, the eNode B informs a corresponding user equipment of time/frequency region usable by the corresponding user equipment, coding, data size, HARQ-related information and the like by transmitting UL scheduling information to the corresponding user equipment. Interfaces for user-traffic transmission or control traffic transmission may be used between eNode Bs. A core network (CN) consists of an AG (access gateway) and a network node for user registration of a user equipment and the like. The AG manages a mobility of the user equipment by a unit of TA (tracking area) consisting of a plurality of cells. Wireless communication technologies have been developed up to LTE based on WCDMA. Yet, the ongoing demands and expectations of users and service providers are consistently increasing. Moreover, since different kinds of radio access technologies are continuously developed, a new technological evolution is required to have a future competitiveness. Cost reduction per bit, service availability increase, flexible frequency band use, simple structure/open interface and reasonable power consumption of user equipment and the like are required for the future competitiveness. DISCLOSURE Technical Problem Based on the above discussion, the present disclosure proposes a method for allocating a transmission resource for D2D communication in a wireless communication system and apparatus therefor. Technical Solution In an aspect of the present disclosure, provided herein is a method of transmitting, by a vehicle user equipment (UE), a signal using device-to-device (D2D) communication in a wireless communication system. The method may include: configuring a restricted resource set based on sensing of a transmission resource pool; determining a reserved resource set within the restricted resource set; and transmitting the signal at a first time using a transmission resource selected from an available resource set except the restricted resource set in the transmission resource pool. The reserved resource set may be set to the available resource set at a second time. In another aspect of the present disclosure, provided herein is a UE for transmitting a signal using D2D communication in a wireless communication system. The UE may include a wireless communication unit and a processor connected to the wireless communication unit. The processor may be configured to configure a restricted resource set based on sensing of a transmission resource pool, determine a reserved resource set within the restricted resource set, and transmit the signal at a first time using a transmission resource selected from an available resource set except the restricted resource set in the transmission resource pool. In addition, the processor may be configured to set the reserved resource set to the available resource set at a second time. Preferably, at least one resource with a sensing result more than or equal to a threshold in the transmitting resource pool may be configured as the restricted resource set, and at least one resource with a sensing result expected to be less than or equal to the threshold at a second time in the restricted resource set may be determined as the reserved resource set. More Preferably, whether the sensing result is expected to be less than or equal to the threshold at the second time may be determined based on at least one of a moving direction of another vehicle UE, a moving speed of the other vehicle UE, or a transmission beam direction of the other vehicle UE. Further, when there are insufficient resources in the available resource set for transmitting the signal at the first time, the transmission resource may be selected from the reserved resource set. Advantageous Effects According to the present disclosure, a transmission resource for D2D communication can be more efficiently allocated It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that that the effects that can be achieved through the present disclosure are not limited to what has been particularly described hereinabove and other advantages of the present disclosure will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description.

11266351

BACKGROUND Adhesive “peel off” sensors are becoming popular for biometric and biomedical monitoring. In examples, a wireless adhesive sensor may be applied to a body portion of a patient and may measure various biometric quantities. While wireless sensors provide some degree of convenience, challenges remain. Challenges in implementing wearable sensors include reliability, connection quality, data security, integrity and fault tolerance, integration of diverse sensor technology, managing delay of real-time measurements, comfort, longevity and other challenges. In view of these challenges, disadvantages for existing sensors and sensor networks are numerous. Existing wireless sensors may be large, have limited longevity, limited battery life, and may not monitor all of the desired parameters. As adhesive sensors may be uncomfortable for the wearer, a large sensor size may be a disadvantage. Further, multiple large sensors may become cumbersome for the wearer. For monitoring multiple biometric quantities, different disparate sensors may be required for each quantity, with each sensor being responsible for establishing and maintaining secure and reliable communications with an external server. Moreover, sensors for biometric quantities may require sourcing from different vendors. As a result, separate network support for the different sensors may be required raising costs and complexity. SUMMARY Various embodiments provide methods and devices directed to measuring one or more physical or physiological parameters of a body. An embodiment device may include a patch, a sensor hub coupled to the patch, and at least one detachable sensor pod detachably coupled to the patch. In some embodiments, a plurality of detachable sensor pods may be coupled to the patch. The patch may include a flexible adhesive substrate and a flexible layer integrated with the flexible adhesive substrate. The flexible layer may support the sensor hub and sensor hub wiring coupled to the sensor hub. The patch may further include at least one docking area where the detachable sensor pod may be detachably coupled. In some embodiments, a plurality of docking areas may be provided to accommodate the detachable sensor pod. The docking area, which may be an adhesive docking area, may include a connector coupled to the sensor hub wiring. The sensor hub may include a wireless transceiver, a first energy storage element, and a processor coupled to the wireless transceiver, the sensor hub wiring, and the first energy storage element. The processor may be configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations that may include establishing a first wireless communication link with a receiver when the sensor hub is within range of the receiver. In various embodiments, the detachable sensor pod may include a sensor, a second energy storage element, and a transmitter coupled to the sensor and the second energy storage element. The detachable sensor pod may be configured to be coupled to and be powered by the sensor hub through an electrical connection on the patch when the detachable sensor pod is attached to the docking area. The detachable sensor pod may transmit sensor data to the sensor hub via a second wireless communication link established between the detachable sensor pod transmitter and the sensor hub wireless transceiver when the detachable sensor pod is detached from a docking area. In further embodiments, the sensor hub may further include a first indicator coupled to the processor, and the processor may be configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations including providing a first indication on the first indicator when the first wireless communication link is established with a receiver. The processor may be configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations that may further include providing a second indication on the first indicator regarding proper placement of the detachable sensor pod on a body when the detachable sensor pod is detached from a docking area, such as a first version (e.g., green) of the second indication when a placement criterion is satisfied and a second version (e.g., red) of the second indication when the placement criterion is not satisfied. In further embodiments, the docking area may be disposed on a protrusion of the flexible substrate and the flexible integrated layer, and the protrusion(s) may be configured to enable the integrated sensor array to be affixed to a surface having an irregular contour. In some embodiments, a plurality of protrusions may be provided on the patch as docking areas to accommodate a plurality of sensor pods. The protrusion may be further configured to distribute a force generated by removing the detachable sensor pod from the docking areas in order to resist tearing. In an embodiment, a processor on the detachable sensor pod may be configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations such that the second indication regarding proper placement of the detachable sensor pod on a body is determined by comparing signals from the sensor to a threshold value of acceptable sensor signals, and generating the second indication when the sensor signals satisfy the threshold value based on the comparison. In another embodiment, the detachable sensor pod may further include a second indicator and a processor configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations to provide a third indication via the second indicator regarding proper placement of the detachable sensor pod on a body by determining a current location of the detachable sensor pod with respect to the body, comparing the current location of the detachable sensor pod with respect to the body to a proper placement location for the detachable sensor pod, and providing the third indication via the second indicator based on whether the current location of the detachable sensor pod compares favorably to the proper placement location for the detachable sensor pod. An embodiment method of measuring a physical or physiological parameter using an integrated adhesive sensor array including a sensor hub and a detachable sensor pod may include establishing a first communication link between the sensor hub and a wireless receiver, attaching the integrated adhesive sensor array to a body, establishing a second communication link between the detachable sensor pod and the sensor hub, sensing a physical or physiological parameter by the detachable sensor pod, and transmitting sensor data of the physical or physiological parameter from the detachable sensor pod to the sensor hub via the second communication link. An embodiment method may further include transmitting the sensor data from the sensor hub to the receiver via the first communication link. An embodiment method may further include generating a first indication indicating establishment of the first wireless connection between the sensor hub and the wireless receiver. In an embodiment, the second communication link may be a wired communication link when the detachable sensor pod is attached to the integrated adhesive sensor array, or a wireless communication link established between the detachable sensor pod and the sensor hub in response to the detachable sensor pod being removed from the integrated adhesive sensor array. A further embodiment method may include determining whether a position of the detachable sensor pod on the body is proper for measuring the physical or physiological parameter when the detachable sensor pod is removed from the integrated adhesive sensor array, and generating a second indication indicating whether the position of the detachable sensor pod on the body is proper. In an embodiment method, determining whether a position of the detachable sensor pod on the body is proper for measuring the physical or physiological parameter may include comparing signals from a sensor on the detachable sensor pod to a threshold value of acceptable sensor signals and determining that the position is proper in response to the sensor signals satisfying the threshold value based on the comparison. In an embodiment method, determining whether a position of the detachable sensor pod on the body is proper for measuring the physical or physiological parameter may include determining a current location of the detachable sensor pod with respect to the body, comparing the current location of the detachable sensor pod with respect to the body to a proper placement location for the detachable sensor pod, and determining that the position is proper in response to the current location of the detachable sensor pod comparing favorably to the proper placement location for the detachable sensor pod. In various embodiments, the first indication, the second indication and the third indication may be one or more of a color display indication, an audible indication, and an alphanumeric display indication. Further embodiments include an apparatus for measuring a physical or physiological parameter having means for performing functions of the methods described above.

11307637

CROSS-REFERENCE TO THE RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is based on claims priority from 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0170126 filed on Dec. 18, 2019, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. BACKGROUND 1. Field Embodiments of the inventive concept disclosed herein relate to a semiconductor memory device, and more particularly, relate to an universal flash storage (UFS) memory card having a same size or a same dimension as a subscriber identification module (SIM) card. 2. Description of Related Art Recently, as technologies for a storage medium develop, various kinds of memory cards are being used as storage of mobile devices. Moreover, various standards are used to decide a format of a memory card, and shapes, sizes and dimensions vary depending on the format of the memory card. As such, the use of a universal flash storage (UFS) card is increasing depending on a demand on a high-speed and high-capacity storage device. In addition, an integrated circuit card (hereinafter referred to as a “SIM card”) implementing a subscriber identification module (SIM) is generally used in a mobile device. In general, a memory card and a SIM card are mounted on one socket tray so as to be inserted into a mobile device. However, in some cases, a plurality of SIM cards may be mounted on one socket tray, and the standard for a nano SIM card having a size of 15 mm×11 mm is most commonly used. However, a space of a socket tray may be wasted due to a size difference of the UFS card used as a memory card and the nano SIM card. SUMMARY Embodiments of the inventive concept provide a memory card based on UFS standard, which as a same size as a SIM card. For instance, the embodiments of the inventive concept provide an UFS memory card having a same size as a nano SIM card. According to an aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a memory card which includes at least one nonvolatile memory and a memory controller, the memory card comprising: a first ground terminal arranged in a first row, and configured to provide a ground voltage to the at least one nonvolatile memory or the memory controller; a plurality of universal flash storage (UFS) terminals arranged in a second row; and a first power terminal arranged in a third row, and configured to provide a first power supply voltage (VCC) to the at least one nonvolatile memory or the memory controller, wherein the plurality of UFS terminals comprises a first UFS terminal configured to provide a second power, a second UFS terminal configured to provide a reference clock signal, and a third UFS terminal configured to provide a path for input/output data to the memory controller, wherein the memory card has a size or a dimension defined by a nano subscriber identification module (SIM) card standard, wherein the first ground terminal corresponds to a “C5” terminal of the nano SIM card standard, and wherein the first power terminal corresponds to a “C1” terminal of the nano SIM card standard. According to another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a combo card which includes at least one nonvolatile memory, a memory controller controlling the at least one nonvolatile memory, and a SIM controller storing or providing subscriber information, the combo card comprising: a first terminal group including a “C5” terminal, a “C6” terminal, and a “C7” terminal of a nano SIM card standard arranged in a first row of a back surface of the combo card; a second terminal group including universal flash storage (UFS) terminals arranged in a second row of the back surface and providing a power, a reference clock signal, and a path for input/output data to the memory controller; and a third terminal group including a “C1” terminal, a “C2” terminal, and a “C3” terminal of the nano SIM card standard arranged in a third row of the back surface, wherein the combo card has a size or a dimension of 12.3 mm×8.8 mm. According to another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a memory card which includes at least one nonvolatile memory and a memory controller and has a size or a dimension of 12.3 mm×8.8 mm, the memory card comprising: a first ground terminal arranged in a first row to provide a ground voltage to the at least one nonvolatile memory or the memory controller; a plurality of universal flash storage (UFS) terminals arranged in a second row to transfer a power, a reference clock signal, and data to the memory controller; and a first power terminal formed at a third row to provide a first power supply voltage (VCC) to the at least one nonvolatile memory or the memory controller, wherein the plurality of UFS terminals comprises a first UFS terminal configured to provide a second power to the memory controller, a second UFS terminal configured to provide a reference clock signal, and a third UFS terminal configured to provide data to the memory controller. According to another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a universal flash storage (UFS) memory card comprising: a first ground terminal arranged in a first area, and configured to provide a ground voltage to at least one nonvolatile memory or a memory controller; a plurality of UFS terminals arranged in a second area; and a first power terminal arranged in a third area and configured to provide a first power supply voltage (VCC) to the at least one nonvolatile memory or the memory controller, wherein the second area is between the first area and the third area in a plan view of the memory card, wherein the UFS terminals comprises a first UFS terminal configured to provide a second power, a second UFS terminal configured to provide a reference clock signal, and a third UFS terminal configured to provide a path for input/output data to the memory controller, and wherein the memory card has a dimension defined by a nano subscriber identification module (SIM) card standard.

11332853

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application claims the benefit of PCT Application No. PCT/FR2018/053386, filed on Dec. 18, 2018, and titled “TWISTING METHOD AND INSTALLATION WITH TENSION CONTROL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF REINFORCING CORDS FOR TYRES” and of French Patent Application No. 1763110, filed Dec. 22, 2017, titled “TWISTING METHOD AND INSTALLATION WITH TENSION CONTROL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF REINFORCING CORDS FOR TYRES”. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present disclosure relates to the field of producing wire elements, called “cords”, through assembly by twisting several continuous strands, in particular textile threads. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to the application of such an assembly method to the manufacture of reinforcing wire elements that are intended to be included in the formation of tires, in particular of pneumatic tires for vehicles. 2. Related Art It is known that wire elements are produced by interlacing several strands with each other, by twisting, by means of a twisting device of the ring spinning machine type. In general, the strands are stored on input reels, from which each strand is unwound to an assembly point, at which said strand is interlaced with the one or the other strands in order to form a wire element, called “cord”. The strands may have previously undergone a twisting operation, before being unwound and assembled, in order to have a certain amount of pre-torsion around their axis. It is known for a motorized drive device, such as a capstan, to be provided along the considered strand, which device is placed between the input reel and the assembly point in order to impart a predetermined forward speed to the considered strand. Furthermore, the wire element itself is driven, downstream of the assembly point, by a motorized output reel, onto which said wire element is wound as it is manufactured. A ring spinning machine also includes a runner between the assembly point and the motorized output reel, which runner is movably mounted by freely sliding on a ring, coaxial to the axis of rotation of the output reel, and through which the wire element passes before meeting the reel. Thus, the rotation of the reel generates traction on the wire element, which in turn causes a strain on the runner, which, in response, is rotationally routed along the ring and thus causes a twisting movement that causes the interlacing of the strands at the assembly point. In practice, a suitable combination needs to be empirically determined between, on the one hand, a reel rotation speed, at which the motorized output reel can run, and, on the other hand, for each strand, a suitable forward speed, as imparted by the capstan upstream of the assembly point, so that the subtle dynamic balance of the runner movement, which is established during the application of this combination of speeds, allows a wire element to be obtained that has the desired qualities, in particular in terms of mechanical properties. Therefore, it is sometimes difficult to develop such methods for manufacturing wire elements, and particularly to determine the speed adjustments for the capstan and the output reel that ensure that the desired properties of the wire element are obtained. Furthermore, even when such adjustments are suitably determined, a risk of drift remains that is associated with the sensitivity of the method to the variations in the implementation conditions, and in particular with the sensitivity of the method to the fluctuations in friction that occur within the various mechanical components of the ring spinning machine, for example, on the unwinding elements or even on the runner. Similarly, the behaviour of the runner is sensitive to the level of filling of the output reel, insofar as the orientation of the wire element that exits the runner to meet the reel varies according to whether the output reel is nearly empty, in which case the wire element, which has a low turn diameter, is practically radially oriented relative to the axis of the reel, and therefore is practically radially oriented relative to the axis of the ring that supports the runner, or whether, on the contrary, the output reel is full, in which case the wire element, which has a large turn diameter, is oriented practically tangentially to the outer perimeter of said reel. Of course, the sensitivity of the method to the implementation conditions of the runner is potentially detrimental to the repeatability of the manufacturing method. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Consequently, the stated aims of the present disclosure aim to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages and to propose a new method and a new installation for manufacturing a wire element by interlacing strands, the implementation of which is facilitated, and which exhibits improved robustness and good repeatability. Another stated aim of the present disclosure aims to propose a new method and a new installation for manufacturing wire elements that offers some versatility, by allowing a wide variety of manufacturing ranges of wire elements with distinct properties to be manufactured on demand and in a repeatable manner. The stated aims of the present disclosure are achieved by means of a method for manufacturing a wire element by interlacing at least one first strand and one second strand distinct from the first strand, said method comprising the following steps:an infeed step (a), during which the first strand and the second strand, respectively, are routed to an assembly point, at which the first strand and the second strand meet;an interlacing step (b), during which the first strand and the second strand are interlaced with each other, at the assembly point, so as to form a wire element from said at least first and second strands, said method further comprising a strand tension control step (a1), in a closed loop, during which step:a tension setpoint, called “assembly tension setpoint”, is defined that represents a longitudinal tension state intended to be obtained in the first strand when said first strand reaches the assembly point;the tension, called “actual assembly tension”, that is exerted inside said first strand is measured at a first tension measurement point that is located along said first strand and upstream of the assembly point relative to the routing direction of said first strand;a tension feedback loop is used to determine an error, called “tension error”, that corresponds to the difference between the assembly tension setpoint and the actual assembly tension of the first strand; anda tension regulating component is controlled, on the basis of said tension error, which component acts on the first strand upstream of the assembly point, so as to automatically converge, inside said first strand, the actual assembly tension towards the assembly tension setpoint. Indeed, the present disclosure have observed that, in a given number of situations, and in particular as a function of the type of strands that are used, the properties of the manufactured wire element could be closely dependent on the tension of the strands at the time of assembly. Advantageously, the implementation of regulation of the tension of one or more strands, rather than of the speeds, therefore allows precise and repeatable control of the properties of the manufactured wire element. Furthermore, such tension regulation allows at least partial compensation of possible fluctuations in friction in the twisting installation, which makes the method much less sensitive to said fluctuations in friction, in particular to the fluctuations in friction that occur upstream of the assembly point. The method according to the present disclosure therefore is particularly robust and repeatable. Furthermore, such a method not only allows better controlled industrial production to be implemented, but also allows the transition between the development and the industrialization of a new wire element to be facilitated. Indeed, it is possible, by applying this method, to initially develop, on an installation providing tension regulation according to the present disclosure, a wire element with well defined properties, by setting a tension specification for one or more strands, then subsequently empirically deducing therefrom, by measuring the speeds resulting from the application of the tension regulation, corresponding adjustments intended for speed regulation, which, reciprocally, will allow the one or more desired tensions to be obtained with a reasonable amount of precision and repeatability, and which advantageously can be applied on existing mass production industrial machines that do not have tension regulation, but only have speed regulation. According to one particularly preferable possibility, the method allows simultaneous tension control of one strand and speed control of the other strand, and even possibly allows selection, for at least one of the strands and even for each strand of the wire element, of tension control or of speed control, which particularly offers numerous possibilities of combinations when seeking new wire elements with particular properties. It also will be noted that, advantageously, the interlacing that occurs at the assembly point somehow allows “freezing” of the properties that have been imparted to the wire element by virtue of the tension and/or speed controls selected for the various strands forming said wire element, and therefore allows the properties and advantages procured by the specific combination of these selected controls to be substantially maintained. Furthermore, the method according to the present disclosure is perfectly applicable to the manufacture of a wire element using different strand lengths from one strand to the other, and in particular to the manufacture of wire elements called “covered” elements, a strand of which forms a central core, around which one or more other strands are helically wound.

11445165

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present application relates generally to a method, a system and computer readable storage media for visualizing a magnified dental treatment site and, more particularly, to a method, system and computer readable storage media for visualizing a data stream of stereo image pairs of a dental treatment site using an augmented reality or virtual reality device during dental treatment. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Dentists use dental binocular loupes to provide a magnified visualization of an intraoral cavity for diagnosis of dental defects as well as for treatment planning. The loupes are worn to enlarge a dentist's view of the mouth. This improves vision because objects in the field of view become bigger. Moreover the loupes allow dentists to have a more physiologic posture while working, and thereby minimizing slouching which dentists are historically known to develop. However, the dentist may not be able to easily show the images to the patient or change the viewing angle in order to enable an optimal perspective for inspection of the treatment site. U.S. Pat. No. 8,120,847B2 discloses a through-the-lens loupe with an interpupillary distance adjustment capability, the loupe including a pair of lenses, each lens having a telemicroscopic ocular cemented therethrough, and an upper portion, one on each side of a wearer's nose. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20,150,293,345A1 discloses magnification loupes which are equipped with one or more cameras and with one or more displays and/or with an audio assembly wherein the magnification loupes are configured to magnify a site without using magnifying optical systems. US Patent Application No. 2,017,202,633 discloses an imaging and display system for guiding medical interventions comprising a wearable display for viewing by a user wherein the display presents a composite, or combined image that includes pre-operative surgical navigation images, intraoperative images, and in-vivo microscopy images or sensing data. A probe, such as a microscopy probe or a sensing probe, may be used to acquire in-vivo imaging/sensing data from the patient and the intra-operative and in-vivo images may be acquired using tracking and registration techniques to align them with the pre-operative image and the patient to form a composite image for display. US Patent Application No. 20,020,082,498 discloses a method for image-guided surgery comprising capturing 3-dimensional (3D) volume data of a portion of a patient, processing the volume data so as to provide a graphical representation of the data, capturing a stereoscopic video view of a scene including a portion of said patient, rendering the graphical representation and the stereoscopic video view in a blended manner so as to provide a stereoscopic augmented image, and displaying said stereoscopic augmented image in a video-see-through display. US Patent Application Publication No. 20,160,191,887 describes a real-time surgery navigation method and apparatus for displaying an augmented view of a patient from a static or dynamic viewpoint of a surgeon. A surface image, a graphical representation of the internal anatomic structure of the patient processed from preoperative or intraoperative images, and a computer geometrically registering both images may be used. Responsive to geometrically registering the images, a head mounted display may present to a surgeon an augmented view of the patient. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Existing limitations associated with the foregoing, as well as other limitations, can be overcome by a method, system and computer readable storage media for the visualization of a magnified dental treatment site. In an aspect herein, the present invention may provide a method for visualizing a magnified dental treatment site, the method comprising: obtaining a data stream of stereo images from an intra-oral camera, the data stream of stereo images being a data stream of stereo image pairs that are offset and show the dental treatment site from slightly different perspectives; magnifying said data stream of stereo images; projecting a right and a left portion of the magnified data stream of stereo images in a field of view of a user of a first display device to create a combined view of the dental treatment site having a perception of 3D depth. In another aspect herein, the method may further comprise one or more of the steps: (i) wherein the magnified data stream of stereo images is projected at a fixed distance and orientation relative to the field of view of the user, (ii) wherein visualization information is projected at variable distances and orientations relative to the field of view of the user, (iii) wherein the visualization information includes at least one of a magnification level, a resolution and a working distance, (iv) wherein the data stream of stereo images is magnified according to a predetermined magnification level, (v) further comprising changing a color space or contrast of the data stream of stereo images for diagnostic purposes, (vi) wherein said data stream of stereo images is obtained in real-time, (vii) further comprising overlaying the visualization information as an augmentation on a predetermined site in the field of view such that said visualization information appears directly superimposed on said predetermined site, (viii) further comprising projecting said magnified data stream of stereo images as virtual objects using a second display device adapted for virtual reality, (ix) further comprising displaying a magnified data stream from one stereo channel of the intra-oral camera on a monitor, (x) further comprising; updating the augmentation based on data selected from the group consisting of (i) real time output data from the intra-oral camera (ii) real time data tracking clinician movements and (iii) real time data tracking patient movements. In another aspect, a system may be provided for visualizing a magnified dental treatment site, the system comprising: at least one processor configured to perform the steps of; obtaining a data stream of stereo images from an intra-oral camera, the data stream of stereo images being a data stream of stereo image pairs that are offset and show the dental treatment site from different orientations; magnifying said data stream of stereo images; projecting a right and a left portion of the magnified data stream of stereo images in a field of view of a user of a first display device to create a combined view of the dental treatment site having a perception of 3D depth. The system may further comprise one or more of the configurations: (i) wherein the magnified data stream of stereo images is projected at a fixed distance and orientation relative to the field of view of the user, (ii) wherein visualization information is projected at variable distances and orientations relative to the field of view of the user, (iii) wherein the data stream of stereo images is magnified according to a predetermined magnification level, (iv) further comprising changing a color space or contrast of the data stream of stereo images for diagnostic purposes, (v) wherein said data stream of stereo images is obtained in real-time. In another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be provided. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium may store a program which, when executed by a computer system, causes the computer system to perform a procedure comprising: obtaining a data stream of stereo images from an intra-oral camera, the data stream of stereo images being a data stream of stereo image pairs that are offset and show the dental treatment site from different orientations; magnifying said data stream of stereo images; projecting a right and a left portion of the magnified data stream of stereo images in a field of view of a user of a first display device to create a combined view of the dental treatment site having a perception of 3D depth.

11338922

BACKGROUND Aircraft seats may be mounted into an aircraft cabin via floor tracks running longitudinally (e.g., substantially parallel to the roll axis of the aircraft) along the aircraft floor, aft to forward. Each seat may be mounted to two substantially parallel tracks. For example, an individual aircraft seat may be mounted to the cabin at four points, e.g., a forward point and rear point along both a left and right track. The aircraft seat may be configurable to adjust between a substantially upright configuration (e.g., a taxi, takeoff and landing (TTL) position), one or more reclining configurations, and a berthed configuration wherein the seat reclines fully for sleeping. The seat may additionally track forward (e.g., move longitudinally forward without reclining) or rotate (e.g., around a vertical axis or z-axis parallel to the yaw axis of the aircraft). If a seat is mounted directly in front of a bulkhead, the seat may be configured to recline and/or track without interference from the bulkhead. Conventional aircraft seating assemblies may achieve these reclining and tracking objectives via a system of sliding rails. However, the tracking mechanisms necessary for such tracking operations may add height to a seating assembly that must fit into a compact aircraft cabin with limited vertical space. Additionally, extended tracking may lead to critical interface loading: for example, as the seat tracks full forward, the left and right rear mounting points may track forward as well, reducing the distance between the front and rear mounting points. As a result, the occupant may be required to vacate the seat when converting to a berthed or full-forward tracked configuration. Further, once in the berthed configuration, the occupant may be able to use the seat only as a bed rather than as a conventional seat. Furthermore, seat tracking operations may be complicated by the fact that cruising aircraft tend to maintain a flight angle (e.g., pitch angle) slightly above the horizontal, or nose-up. As a result, occupants of manual forward-facing seats (wherein, for example, the occupant manually tracks the seat by pushing or “walking” the seat forward or backward with their feet) may be required to track their seats slightly “uphill”, expending extra effort to account for the few degrees of nose-up flight angle. Similarly, aft-facing seats may tend to “run away”, or naturally track forward, due to a combination of gravity and the nose-up flight angle. SUMMARY In one aspect, embodiments of the inventive concepts disclosed herein are directed to a tracking base assembly for an aircraft seat. The tracking base assembly includes a pair of base rails, each base rail mounted to a floor track in an aircraft cabin by two floor track fittings. Each floor track fitting may mark a fixed position where a shear retainer secures the floor track fitting (and thereby the base rail) to the track. Each base rail includes a tracking slot extending forward, or substantially parallel to a longitudinal/roll axis of the aircraft. The base rails may be connected and held in spaced apart relations by a tracking member to which the seat frame may be mounted. The tracking member includes sliding, rolling, or bearing tracking elements that translate forward and backward through the tracking slots, allowing the aircraft seat to translate forward and backward through intermediate positions between the ends of the tracking slots. The tracking member includes a locking assembly to secure the tracking member to the desired intermediate position. In a further aspect, embodiments of the inventive concepts disclosed herein are directed to an aircraft seating assembly. The seating assembly includes a seat frame mounted to a tracking base assembly, which in turn is mounted to floor tracks in the floor of an aircraft cabin. The tracking base assembly includes a pair of base rails, each base rail mounted to the floor track by two floor track fittings. Each floor track fitting may mark a fixed position where a shear retainer secures the floor track fitting (and thereby the base rails) to the track. Each base rail includes a tracking slot extending forward, or substantially parallel to a longitudinal/roll axis of the aircraft. The base rails may be connected and held in spaced apart relations by a tracking member to which the seat frame may be mounted. The tracking base assembly includes a tracking member to which the seat frame may be mounted. The tracking member includes tracking elements (e.g., rolling elements, bearing elements, elements slidably and fixedly held in spaced-apart relation with, e.g., a rack and pinion or keyhole slots) that translate forward and backward through the tracking slots, allowing the aircraft seat to translate forward and backward through intermediate positions between the ends of the tracking slots. The tracking member includes a locking assembly to secure the tracking member to the desired intermediate position.

11356239

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is based on and claims priority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-227035 filed on Dec. 17, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to an information processing apparatus, a terminal, a network system, and a medium. BACKGROUND In recent years, information processing apparatuses that manage devices using remote control are known. For example, JP-A-2014-112060 discloses an information processing apparatus that operates a plurality of devices having different time zones in consideration of a time difference between a base time zone and each time zone so that the plurality of devices are operated at a predetermined time in each time zone. The needs of users are diversifying in the management of devices using the remote control. Therefore, there has been a demand for a technique capable of improving the convenience of the information processing apparatus. The present disclosure has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems and can be implemented as the following modes. SUMMARY The present disclosure provides an information processing apparatus comprising: processing circuitry configured to: acquire information regarding a processing content to be performed by a terminal; acquire information regarding a designated time at which the terminal is designated to perform the processing content; acquire a selection of a base time zone from a plurality of time zones including at least a first time zone to which the information processing apparatus belongs and a second time zone to which the terminal belongs, wherein the designated time is corrected according to the selected base time zone to set an execution time at which the terminal performs the processing content; and transmit an instruction to the terminal to perform the processing content at the execution time.

11245358

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a voltage controlled oscillator, and more particularly, to a voltage controlled oscillator with high power supply rejection ratio and power efficiency. 2. Description of the Prior Art A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is an important component in many electronic systems, and may be applied in varies electronic circuit devices, for example, in a phase lock loop (PLL) or a clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit. The voltage-controlled oscillator is applied to generate an oscillation signal with accurate and stable frequency. However, noise may be introduced by the power supply. Power supply noise may affect the output frequency and stability of the VCO, thereby resulting in poor PSRR and high power consumption. Thus, how to improve the performance and reduce power consumption for a VCO is a significant objective in the field. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an objective of the present invention to provide a voltage controlled oscillator with high power supply rejection ratio and power efficiency. An embodiment of the present invention discloses a voltage controlled oscillator, comprising: a current controlled oscillator, configured to receive a bias current and generate an oscillating signal with an oscillating frequency according to the bias current; a voltage to current conversion circuit, coupled to a power supply voltage and configured to generate a supply current according to an input voltage; and a noise cancellation circuit, coupled to the power supply voltage and the voltage to current conversion circuit, for receiving a bias voltage and the supply current from the voltage to current conversion circuit, and configured to generate a noise cancellation current in response to power supply voltage variation and cancel the noise cancellation current from the supply current to generate the bias current, wherein the bias voltage of the noise cancellation circuit is coupled to an internal voltage of the voltage to current conversion circuit. These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.

11338100

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to a blowing device that is used in a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device or the like, and more specifically, to a fluid control device including the blowing device. BACKGROUND A fluid control device such as a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device (hereafter, CPAP device) is used in the prior art for treatment of sleep-related disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (for example, refer to Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2016-34411). The CPAP device includes a blowing device that incorporates a fan and supplies a gas (e.g. air) at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure from the blowing device to a mask attached to the mouth or nose of a patient. The CPAP device is used when the patient is sleeping. BRIEF SUMMARY The blowing device used in a CPAP device has a motor that vibrates and produces noise thereby adversely affecting the quietness. Accordingly, it is an objective of the present disclosure to reduce the noise produced by vibration of the motor. A blowing device that solves the above problem includes a fan, a motor, a fan case, and an elastic and annular sealing member. The motor includes a rotation shaft to which the fan is coupled. The fan case accommodates the fan and includes a motor insertion port into which the motor is inserted. The sealing member is located between the motor insertion port and the motor. The fan case includes the motor insertion port into which the motor is inserted, an inlet for drawing gas into the fan case as the fan rotates, and a discharge portion configured to discharge gas out of the fan case as the fan rotates. An inner circumferential surface of the motor insertion port includes a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface that is located at an axially-outer region of the fan case than the first inclined surface. The first inclined surface and the second inclined surface each have an inner diameter that is smaller at a side farther from the other surface than a side closer to the other surface. The motor includes an outer circumferential surface opposed to the inner circumferential surface of the motor insertion port. The outer circumferential surface of the motor includes a third inclined surface and a fourth inclined surface that is located toward an axially-outer side of the fan case than the third inclined surface. The third inclined surface and the fourth inclined surface each have an outer diameter that is larger at a side farther from the other surface than a side closer to the other surface. The sealing member contacts at least one of the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface and at least one of the third inclined surface and the fourth inclined surface. The inclined surface in this specification includes a surface that extends linearly relative to an axial direction of the rotation shaft of the motor in a cross-section taken in a radial direction about the rotation shaft of the motor. That is, the inclined surface in this specification includes a tapered surface, of which the inner diameter or the outer diameter gradually increases or decreases, and a surface that is curved in an arcuate manner. With this configuration, the vibration of the motor along the rotation shaft is transmitted from the third inclined surface or the fourth inclined surface through the sealing member to the second inclined surface or the first inclined surface of the fan case. The first inclined surface and the fourth inclined surface or the second inclined surface and the third inclined surface act so that the vibration of the motor along the rotation shaft form an element corresponding to the inclination at a location where each of the inclined surfaces contacts the sealing member. This reduces the vibration of the fan case and the noise resulting from the vibration of the motor. In the above blowing device, the motor preferably includes a motor body, which drives the fan, and a motor-side fastener, which includes the outer circumferential surface and to which the motor body is fixed. With this configuration, the third inclined surface and the fourth inclined surface can easily be set relative to the motor body including the rotation shaft. In the above blowing device, the motor-side fastener preferably includes a first fastener, which includes the third inclined surface, and a second fastener, which includes the fourth inclined surface. With this configuration, the third inclined surface and the four inclined surface can easily be set relative to the motor body including the rotation shaft. The blowing device preferably includes a viscous member located between the first fastener and the second fastener. With this configuration, the viscous member reduces the vibration of the fan case. In the above blowing device, the fan case preferably includes a case body and a case-side fastener. The case body defines an accommodation space for accommodating the fan. The case-side fastener is coupled to an upper surface of the case body. The case body includes the first inclined surface, and the case-side fastener includes the second inclined surface. This configuration facilitates the assembly of the fan case and improves productivity. In the above blowing device, the fan case preferably includes a case body and a case-side fastener. The case body defines an accommodation space for accommodating the fan. The case-side fastener is coupled to an upper surface of the case body. The case-side fastener includes the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface. This configuration facilitates the assembly of the fan case and improves productivity. In the above blowing device, the case body and the case-side fastener are preferably formed from different materials. This configuration further reduces vibration and noise of the fan case. The above blowing device preferably includes a viscous member located between the case body and the case-side fastener. With this configuration, the viscous member reduces vibration of the fan case. In the above blowing device, the viscous member preferably includes an adhesive sheet or a gel sheet. In the above blowing device, it is preferred that at least one of the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface are curved to be concave radially outward, and at least one of the third inclined surface and the fourth inclined surface is curved to be concave radially outward. A fluid control device that solves the above problem includes the above-described blowing device and a controller that controls the blowing device. This configuration reduces vibration of the fan case and noise produced by vibration of the motor. The blowing device and fluid control device in accordance with the present disclosure reduce noise produced by vibration of the motor.

11301654

BACKGROUND The invention generally relates to automated (e.g., programmable motion) and other processing systems, and relates in particular to programmable motion (e.g., robotic) systems intended for use in environments requiring, for example, that a variety of objects (e.g., articles, parcels or packages) be processed (e.g., sorted and/or otherwise distributed) to several output destinations. Many object distribution systems receive objects in an organized or disorganized stream that may be provided as individual objects or objects aggregated in groups such as in bags, arriving on any of several different conveyances, commonly a conveyor, a truck, a pallet, a Gaylord, or a bin. Each object must then be distributed to the correct destination container, as determined by identification information associated with the object, which is commonly determined by a label printed on the object. The destination container may take many forms, such as a bag or a bin or a tote. The processing of such objects has traditionally been done by human workers that scan the objects, e.g., with a hand-held barcode scanner, and then place the objects at assigned locations. For example many order fulfillment operations achieve high efficiency by employing a process called wave picking. In wave picking, orders are picked from warehouse shelves and placed at locations (e.g., into bins) containing multiple orders that are sorted downstream. At the processing stage individual objects are identified, and multi-object orders are consolidated, for example into a single bin or shelf location, so that they may be packed and then shipped to customers. The processing (e.g., sorting) of these objects has traditionally been done by hand. A human sorter picks an object from an incoming bin, finds a barcode on the object, scans the barcode with a handheld barcode scanner, determines from the scanned barcode the appropriate bin or shelf location for the article, and then places the article in the so-determined bin or shelf location where all objects for that order have been defined to belong. Automated systems for order fulfillment have also been proposed. See for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0244026, which discloses the use of a robotic arm together with an arcuate structure that is movable to within reach of the robotic arm. In conventional parcel sortation systems, human workers or automated systems typically retrieve objects in an arrival order, and sort each object into a collection bin based on a set of given heuristics. For instance, all objects of like type might go to a collection bin, or all objects in a single customer order, or all objects destined for the same shipping destination, etc. The human workers or automated systems are required to receive objects and to move each to their assigned collection bin. If the number of different types of input (received) objects is large, a large number of collection bins is required. Such a system has inherent inefficiencies as well as inflexibilities since the desired goal is to match incoming objects to assigned collection bins. Such systems may require a large number of collection bins (and therefore a large amount of physical space, large capital costs, and large operating costs) in part, because sorting all objects to all destinations at once is not always most efficient. Certain partially automated sortation systems involve the use of recirculating conveyors and tilt trays, where the tilt trays receive objects by human sortation (human induction), and each tilt tray moves past a scanner. Each object is then scanned and moved to a pre-defined location assigned to the object. The tray then tilts to drop the object into the location. Further, partially automated systems, such as the bomb-bay style recirculating conveyor, involve having trays open doors on the bottom of each tray at the time that the tray is positioned over a predefined chute, and the object is then dropped from the tray into the chute. Again, the objects are scanned while in the tray, which assumes that any identifying code is visible to the scanner. Such partially automated systems are lacking in key areas. As noted, these conveyors have discrete trays that can be loaded with an object; they then pass through scan tunnels that scan the object and associate it with the tray in which it is riding. When the tray passes the correct bin, a trigger mechanism causes the tray to dump the object into the bin. A drawback with such systems however, is that every divert requires an actuator, which increases the mechanical complexity and the cost per divert can be very high. An alternative is to use human labor to increase the number of diverts, or collection bins, available in the system. This decreases system installation costs, but increases the operating costs. Multiple cells may then work in parallel, effectively multiplying throughput linearly while keeping the number of expensive automated diverts at a minimum. Such diverts do not ID an object and cannot divert it to a particular spot, but rather they work with beam breaks or other sensors to seek to ensure that indiscriminate bunches of objects get appropriately diverted. The lower cost of such diverts coupled with the low number of diverts keep the overall system divert cost low. Unfortunately, these systems don't address the limitations to total number of system bins. The system is simply diverting an equal share of the total objects to each parallel manual cell. Thus each parallel sortation cell must have all the same collection bins designations; otherwise an object might be delivered to a cell that does not have a bin to which that object is mapped. There remains a need for a more efficient and more cost effective object sortation system that sorts objects of a variety of sizes and weights into appropriate collection bins or trays of fixed sizes, yet is efficient in handling objects of such varying sizes and weights. Further, such systems require human personnel to oversee the induction of objects where the processing system may receive objects that it may not be able to efficiently handle or be able to handle at all. SUMMARY In accordance with an aspect, the invention provides an induction system for filtering the induction of objects to an object processing system. The induction system includes an evaluation means for evaluating at least one characteristic of an object, and a routing system for routing the object in one of a plurality of directions responsive to the evaluated characteristic, at least one of the plurality of directions leading to the object processing system. In accordance with another aspect, the invention provides an induction system for filtering the induction of objects to an object processing system. The induction system includes a discrimination system for routing the object in one of a plurality of directions responsive to a discriminating characteristic of the object, at least one of the plurality of directions leading to the object processing system. In accordance with a further aspect, the invention provides a method of limiting induction of objects to an object processing system. The method includes evaluating at least one characteristic of an object, and routing the object in one of a plurality of directions responsive to the evaluated characteristic, at least one of the plurality of directions leading to the object processing system.

11283601

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field The present disclosure relates to an update management method, an update management system, and a non-transitory recording medium having a computer program stored thereon, for updating data stored in an electronic control unit in an onboard network system. 2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a great number of devices called electronic control units (ECU) have been placed in systems in automobiles. A network connecting these ECUs is referred to as an onboard network. Many standards exist for onboard networks. The most mainstream of these is a standard called Controller Area Network (CAN), that is stipulated in ISO11898-1. A CAN is configured using two busses, and each ECU connected to the buses is called a node. Each node connected to a bus transmits/receives messages called frames. No identifiers indicating the transmission destination or transmission source exist in CAN, with the transmitting node attaching an ID (called a message ID) to each frame and transmitting (i.e., sending out signals to the bus), and the receiving nodes only receiving frames of a predetermined message ID (i.e., reading signals from the bus). The Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) format is also employed, so when multiple nodes transmit at the same time, arbitration by message ID is performed, with frames having a smaller message ID value being transmitted with higher priority. There also exists a port (hereinafter referred to as “diagnostic port”) that is an interface communicating with an external tool (e.g., an external device such as a malfunction diagnostics tool or the like), called On-Board Diagnostics 2 (OBD2) in the onboard network, which is used for ECU diagnosis. As of recent, the diagnostic port can be used not only for diagnosis but also of rewriting firmware of the ECU. Additionally, external tools that can be connected to the diagnostic port are being sold inexpensively, and there is an increase in external tools that general users who are not professionals can use. Accordingly, there is an increased risk of an unauthorized external tool being connected to the diagnostic port. Unauthorized rewriting of the firmware of the ECU on the onboard network by an unauthorized tool enables the vehicle to be unauthorizedly controlled. There is a method for preventing such unauthorized rewriting of firmware via the diagnostic port, where an identification code is embedded in a firmware update request message that the external tool transmits, and updating of the firmware is permitted in a case where the identification code matches a registration code (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2013-141948). However, the method in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2013-141948 has a risk that the firmware of all ECUs will be rewritten in a case where the identification code given to the external tool that updates the firmware is leaked. SUMMARY One non-limiting and exemplary embodiment provides an update management method that causes an external tool to update data within ECUs such as firmware or the like, while reducing the risk of the firmware of all ECUs being unauthorizedly rewritten in a case where secret information given to the external tool is leaked. The present disclosure also provides an update management device for causing the external tool to update data within ECUs while reducing risk, and a control program for this update management device. In one general aspect, the techniques disclosed here feature an update management method, used in an onboard network system having a plurality of electronic control units (ECUs) that perform communication via a bus, to which an external tool is connected. An update management device that is one electronic control unit of the plurality of electronic control units is caused to store a shared key used in transmission of a first session key for encryption processing between the update management device and an electronic control unit other than the update management device, and an expiration date of the shared key. In a case where the update management device receives an update message from the external tool instructing updating of the shared key, the update management device is caused to verify update authority information indicating authority of the external tool, and determine whether or not transmission of the update message is within a range of authority of the external tool, (i) wherein, in a case where verification of update authority information indicating the authority of the external tool has been successful, and determination has been made that the update authority information indicates that transmission of the update message by the external tool with within the range of authority of the external tool, the update management device is caused to transfer the update message to the bus, and (ii) wherein, in a case where verification of the update authority information has failed, or determination has been made that the update authority information does not indicate that transmission of the update message by the external tool with within the range of authority of the external tool, the update management device is caused to inhibit the transfer. The update management device is caused to acquire external point-in-time information, is caused to determine whether or not the point-in-time information is before the expiration date, and in a case where the point-in-time information is a predetermined amount of time before the expiration date or the expiration date has passed, is caused to transmit an alert message prompting updating of the shared key. According to the present disclosure, an external tool is caused to update data within ECUs while reducing the risk of the firmware of all ECUs being unauthorizedly rewritten in a case where secret information given to the external tool is leaked. It should be noted that general or specific embodiments may be implemented as a system, a method, an integrated circuit, a computer program, a storage medium, or any selective combination thereof. Additional benefits and advantages of the disclosed embodiments will become apparent from the specification and drawings. The benefits and/or advantages may be individually obtained by the various embodiments and features of the specification and drawings, which need not all be provided in order to obtain one or more of such benefits and/or advantages.

11452554

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for implantable orthopedic devices. More specifically, the present invention pertains to the partial placement of one or more fasteners prior to securing a plate to a vertebral column. 2. Brief Description of the Prior Art From time to time, a consumer may be motivated to position two or more interacting elements such that they are configured to maintain a particular position for a considerable period of time, such as a few minutes, a few hours, a few days, or a few weeks. As an example, if a human or animal breaks or fractures a bone, the treatment may include positioning one or more interacting elements relative to the bone to stabilize the bone in an optimized position for healing. One or more interacting elements may include, for example, a plate and one or more fastener elements for attachment to vertebrae in order to immobilize, stabilize and/or align those vertebrae. The plate may be used for a variety of conditions including, for example, providing added strength and rigidity after fusion of adjacent vertebrae, securing vertebrae together where an intervening vertebrae has been removed and replaced, correcting spinal deformities, and correcting instability caused by trauma, fractures, tumors, advanced degenerative discs, infection, or congenital or acquired deformities. Plates used for these types of conditions generally span the distance between two, three, four, or more vertebrae, as required in a given situation. The plate generally curves so as to fit the curvature of the vertebrae to which they are attached. Additionally, a plate of this type generally matches the curvature of the cervical spine. A plate of this type is typically provided with holes for fastener elements known as “bone screws.” Pilot holes are drilled into the adjacent vertebrae by instruments that are known in the art, such as surgical drills, after which the plate is attached by the bone screws which pass through the pilot holes in the plate for securing the plate to the adjacent vertebrae. While certain systems for stabilizing a bone exist, such known systems are associated with certain disadvantages. Thus, there is a demand for improved systems and methods for positioning two or more interacting elements relative to one another such as a plate and one or more fastener elements, for use in applications such as stabilizing fractures and cervical fixation to name a few. The present invention satisfies this demand. While certain aspects of conventional technologies have been discussed to facilitate disclosure of the invention, Applicants in no way disclaim these technical aspects, and it is contemplated that the claimed invention may encompass one or more of the conventional technical aspects discussed herein. The present invention may address one or more of the problems and deficiencies of the prior art discussed above. However, it is contemplated that the invention may prove useful in addressing other problems and deficiencies in a number of technical areas. Therefore, the claimed invention should not necessarily be construed as limited to addressing any of the particular problems or deficiencies discussed herein. In this specification, where a document, act or item of knowledge is referred to or discussed, this reference or discussion is not an admission that the document, act or item of knowledge or any combination thereof was at the priority date, publicly available, known to the public, part of common general knowledge, or otherwise constitutes prior art under the applicable statutory provisions; or is known to be relevant to an attempt to solve any problem with which this specification is concerned. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION For purposes of this application, the present invention is discussed in reference to one or more interacting elements configured to stabilize the position of an object in the form of a plate and one or more fastener elements, but the discussion is merely exemplary. The present invention is applicable to any system in which two or more interacting elements are configured to maintain a particular configuration and/or position. Certain embodiments of the system and method of the present invention include a fastener element with a body component and a thread component. Other embodiments of a fastener element may include multiple body components, each of which may include a respective thread component. Certain embodiments of a thread component may be configured to maximize the amount of weight the connection between the two interacting components can bear. Other embodiments may be configured to maximize the flexibility of the connection between the two interacting components. One object of certain embodiments of the present invention is that it permits inserting a second interacting element, such as a fastener element, into a first interacting element, such as a plate, so that the first surface of the second interacting element is flush with or remains below the first surface of a first interacting element. Another object of certain embodiments of the present invention is that it facilitates a removable connection between a first interacting element and a second interacting element, wherein the second interacting element is connected along the lateral surface of the first interacting element; for example, a fastener element connected along the lateral edge of the plate. Advantageously, in embodiments in which the first interacting element is a plate for setting bones, such embodiments permit positioning the plate close to a joint without impinging the adjacent bone in the joint. Another advantage of such embodiments is that it may use smaller plates for setting bones relative to other connection methods while maintaining the strength of the connection. Alternatively, the connection may be a stronger and more rigid interface between the first interacting element and the second interacting element relative to other connection methods. Another object of certain embodiments of the present invention is to include different thread components on the body component of the fastener element defining a first body component and a second body component. The first body component comprises a first thread component that wraps around a first portion of the body component of the fastener element and a second body component comprises a second thread component wrapped around a second portion of the body component. An embodiment of the present invention is a method for securing a first interacting element to a second interacting element. The first interacting element has first surface and second surface and a thickness therebetween establishing a lateral surface. At least a portion of the lateral surface includes a thread receipt. Second interacting element includes a distal end and a proximal end that establishes a body therebetween. The body has a thread at least partially disposed around a surface of the body and is configured to at least partially engage the thread receipt on the first interacting element. The second interacting element is at least partially inserted through a surface of an object. Furthermore, the thread receipt of the first interacting element is positioned adjacent to the thread of the second interacting element and the second interacting element is rotated such that the thread of the second interacting element at least partially engages the thread receipt of the first interacting element. In an embodiment, the second interacting element has a first thread at least partially disposed around a first portion of a surface of the body and a second thread at least partially disposed around a second portion of the surface of the body. The first thread is configured to at least partially engage the thread receipt on the first interacting element and the second thread is configured to propel the second interacting element through a surface of an object when the second interacting element is rotated. The second interacting element is partially threaded through the surface of the object. Then, the thread receipt of the first interacting element is positioned adjacent to the first thread of the second interacting element and the second interacting element is rotated such that the first thread of the second interacting element engages the thread receipt of the first interacting element. An embodiment of the present invention further includes the first interacting element having a viewing aperture disposed therethrough from the first surface to the second surface. An embodiment of the present invention further includes an end cap positioned at the proximal end of the body of the second interacting element. The end cap is relatively wider than the body of the second interacting element and thus prevents the second interacting element from being rotated further into the first interacting element when the end cap contacts the first interacting element. An embodiment of the present invention includes drilling a pilot hole in the object to guide the insertion of the second interacting element into the object. An embodiment of the second interacting may include a cutting flute configured to facilitate a self-tapping capability. An embodiment of the present invention includes the first interacting element having an engagement aperture that is at least partially disposed through the first or second surface. The engagement aperture includes an internal thread. A handle is configured to be removably coupled to the internal thread of the engagement aperture of the first interacting element thereby increasing control over the placement of the first interacting element. In an embodiment, the size of the thread of the second interacting element is static throughout the entire thread. In an embodiment, the thread includes a thread base surface and an outer thread surface, where the outer thread surface is smaller in length near a thread termination end and larger in length near a thread origination end, such that the thread is configured to permit locking of the thread within the thread receipt. It is contemplated that a thread component according to the invention may be of a generally helical shape with the same or varying pitch along the length of the body component. For purposes of this application, the pitch of a helix is the width of one complete helix turn, measured parallel to the axis of the helix. The present invention and its attributes and advantages will be further understood and appreciated with reference to the detailed description below of presently contemplated embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

11484092

FIELD Embodiments of the present invention relate in general to footwear, and particularly to energy absorption and return systems for use in footwear. BACKGROUND In prior U.S. Pat. No. 10,085,514, filed May 6, 2014, by Goldston et al., a discussion was provided of the desirability of providing for energy shock absorption and energy return by shoes. The entire contents of U.S. Pat. No. 10,085,514 are incorporated by reference herein. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE A shoe in accordance with an embodiment includes a first plate and a second plate that are hingedly connected to each other, a third plate affixed to a top surface of the first plate, an insole located on a top surface of the third plate, and a midsole. The second plate is located within an opening in the midsole. The third plate is longer than the first plate and is positioned such that a back portion of the third plate extends farther back than a back end of the first plate and such that a front portion of the third plate extends farther forward than a front end of the first plate. In various embodiments, the first plate is made of a thermoplastic elastomer, and the third plate is made of a carbon fiber. In various embodiments, the insole is made of an ethylene-vinyl acetate material. In some embodiments, the first plate is made of titanium, and the third plate is made of carbon fiber. In various embodiments, the third plate has a shorter length than a length of the insole. In various embodiments, the third plate extends within an area bounded by a first wall of the midsole at a back of the shoe to a second wall of the midsole at a front of the shoe. In some embodiments, the first plate is longer than the second plate such that the first plate extends farther both forward and backward in the shoe than the second plate. In some embodiments, the third plate is glued to the first plate. Also, in some embodiments, an entirety of the top surface of the first plate is glued to a bottom surface of the third plate. In various embodiments, the first plate includes a hinge portion that extends from a bottom surface of the first plate and is integrally formed with the bottom surface of the first plate. Also, in various embodiments, the hinge portion of the first plate extends from the bottom surface of the first plate at a location that is positioned a certain distance inward from a rear end of the first plate. In some embodiments, a hinge portion of the second plate extends from a back end of the second plate and is integrally formed with the back end of the second plate, and a pin extends through the hinge portion of the first plate and the hinge portion of the second plate. In some embodiments, the hinge portion of the first plate extends from the bottom surface of the first plate at a location that is positioned more than one centimeter inward from a back end of the first plate. In various embodiments, the shoe further includes filler material located between the first plate and the second plate and springs located within openings in the filler material. In various embodiments, the second plate and the filler material are shorter in length than a length of the first plate such that there is a front portion of the first plate that extends farther forward than a front end of the second plate and a front end of the filler material. In various embodiments, the midsole includes a back portion of the midsole that is located farther back in the shoe than the opening in the midsole, and the midsole also includes a front portion of the midsole that is located farther forward in the shoe than the opening in the midsole. In various embodiments, the back portion of the midsole includes a first surface of the back portion of the midsole, a second surface of the back portion of the midsole, and a third surface of the back portion of the midsole, and the front portion of the midsole includes a first surface of the front portion of the midsole and a second surface of the front portion of the midsole. In some embodiments, the first surface of the back portion of the midsole is higher in the shoe than the second surface of the back portion of the midsole such that there is a step down from the first surface of the back portion of the midsole to the second surface of the back portion of the midsole. In some embodiments, the second surface of the back portion of the midsole is higher in the shoe than the third surface of the back portion of the midsole such that there is a step down from the second surface of the back portion of the midsole to the third surface of the back portion of the midsole. Also, in some embodiments, the first surface of the front portion of the midsole is higher in the shoe than the second surface of the front portion of the midsole such that there is a step down from the first surface of the front portion of the midsole to the second surface of the front portion of the midsole. In various embodiments, the back portion of the midsole and the front portion of the midsole are located on an outsole, the second plate is located on the outsole and within the opening in the midsole, a back portion of the insole is located on the first surface of the back portion of the midsole, a back portion of the third plate is located on the second surface of the back portion of the midsole, a back portion of the first plate is located on the third surface of the back portion of the midsole, a front portion of the insole is located on the first surface of the front portion of the midsole, and a front portion of the third plate is located on the second surface of the front portion of the midsole. A method in accordance with an embodiment allows for storing and returning energy to a foot of a human by a shoe. The shoe includes a first plate and a second plate that are hingedly connected to each other, springs located between the first plate and the second plate, a third plate affixed to a top surface of the first plate, and an insole located on a top surface of the third plate. The third plate is longer than the first plate and is positioned such that a back portion of the third plate extends farther back than a back end of the first plate and such that a front portion of the third plate extends farther forward than a front end of the first plate. The method includes applying, with the foot, a force on the third plate that is affixed to the first plate by pressing on the insole so as to cause the first plate to move toward the second plate to compress the springs, and launching the foot due to the first plate being pushed by the springs to cause the third plate affixed to the first plate to return energy to the foot as the foot is being lifted. In various embodiments, the first plate is made of a thermoplastic elastomer, and the third plate is made of carbon fiber. In various embodiments, the third plate is glued to the first plate. A shoe in accordance with another embodiment includes a midsole having a plurality of openings, a plate located above the midsole, a plurality of springs, and a spring holding unit. Each spring of the plurality of springs is located at least partially within a corresponding opening of the plurality of openings in the midsole. The spring holding unit is located below the midsole. The spring holding unit includes a plurality of spring holding members that each hold a corresponding spring of the plurality of springs, and further includes a plurality of branches where each branch of the plurality of branches connects corresponding spring holding members of the plurality of spring holding members. In various embodiments, each spring holding member of the plurality of spring holding members is circular, and a width of each branch of the plurality of branches is smaller than a diameter of each of the corresponding spring holding members to which the branch is connected. In various embodiments, the shoe further includes an insole that is located above the plate. In some embodiments, the plate is shorter in length than a length of the insole such that a front portion of the insole extends farther forward than a front end of the plate and such that a back portion of the insole extends farther back than a back end of the plate. Also, in some embodiments, the insole is made of an ethylene-vinyl acetate material. In various embodiments, the plate is made of carbon fiber. In various embodiments, the plate extends within an area bounded by a first wall of the midsole at a back of the shoe to a second wall of the midsole at a front of the shoe. In various embodiments, the plurality of openings in the midsole are in a pattern to match a layout of the spring holding unit such that each spring holding member of the plurality of spring holding members of the spring holding unit aligns with the corresponding spring of the plurality of springs that is at least partially within the corresponding opening of the plurality of openings of the midsole. In various embodiments, the spring holding unit is made of a polycarbonate, styrene, thermoplastic polyurethane, a thermoplastic elastomer, poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide, or carbon fiber. In some embodiments, each branch of the plurality of branches is made of a material that is flexible. In some embodiments, the spring holding unit is configured such that each branch of the plurality of branches is independently flexible from the other branches of the plurality of branches. In some embodiments, each branch of the plurality of branches is made of a material that is rigid. In various embodiments, each spring holding member of the plurality of spring holding members includes a surface on which the corresponding spring of the plurality of springs sits, and includes a wall around the surface to surround at least a portion of the corresponding spring that is on the spring holding member. In various embodiments, the shoe further includes an outsole, and the spring holding unit is located on the outsole. In some embodiments, the shoe includes an insole, the plate is under the insole and extends over a first top surface a front portion of the midsole, the front portion of the midsole further includes a second top surface in front of the first top surface that is higher than the first top surface, and a front portion of the insole is located on the second top surface. In various embodiments, the plurality of spring holding members includes at least three spring holding members, and the plurality of branches includes at least three branches. A method in accordance with an embodiment allows for storing and returning energy to a foot of a human by a shoe. The shoe includes a midsole having a plurality of openings, a plate located above the midsole, a plurality of springs where each spring of the plurality of springs is located at least partially within a corresponding opening of the plurality of openings in the midsole, and a spring holding unit located below the midsole where the spring holding unit includes a plurality of spring holding members that each hold a corresponding spring of the plurality of springs, and the spring holding unit also includes a plurality of branches where each branch of the plurality of branches connects corresponding spring holding members of the plurality of spring holding members. The method includes applying, with the foot, a force on the plate so as to move the plate toward the plurality of spring holding members to cause the plurality of springs to compress, and launching the foot due to the plate being moved apart from the plurality of spring holding members by the springs to cause the plate to return energy to the foot as the foot is being lifted. In some embodiments, the method further includes flexing at least one branch of the plurality of branches when the human steps on an uneven surface with the shoe.

11291212

FIELD This application is directed to a food product and a method of making the same. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a food product having a stable crispy texture formed of a dough having high amounts of fruit and/or vegetable solids. BACKGROUND The amount of natural sugars along with soluble and insoluble fibers in fruit gives most fruits a high propensity to hold moisture. As a result, food products with hard and crispy textures while also being stable at ambient conditions are difficult to obtain and not readily available in the marketplace. Most conventional fruit-based snacks are soft or chewy, or quickly become so, when exposed to ambient conditions. This problem has been addressed by numerous technologies which have been designed to produce crispy fruit snacks that are dehydrated, vacuum dried, fried or freeze dried. Each of these technologies have drawbacks associated with them. Drying techniques such as freeze drying and vacuum drying are expensive and still do not produce crispy fruit textures that remain stable under ambient conditions. While the product may be crispy initially upon drying and can retain that crispiness for limited periods of time, particularly if well-packaged, freeze dried and vacuum dried fruits start absorbing moisture as soon as the package is opened by the consumer and the product exposed to ambient conditions. This results in the dried products softening and losing crispiness over time. Frying can produce more stable textures, but results in a product that is high in calories from the fat of frying, reducing the overall nutritional value of the snack. Fried snacks are also often undesirable to consumers seeking healthy snack alternatives. Further, because of the high natural sugar contents in fruit (typically fructose and glucose), frying and baking can lead to browning and charring. SUMMARY The present disclosure is directed to overcoming these and other drawbacks by providing snacks high in real fruit and low in moisture to achieve a hard and crispy texture, but which do not suffer from problems such as browning, charring and instability (moisture absorption) seen in known products high in real fruit content. Exemplary embodiments are directed to a food product having more than 50% by weight of real fruit or vegetable content, the food product also having a crispy texture that remains stable under ambient conditions. In an embodiment, a crispy textured food product is formed of a dough in which the dough comprises at least 50% by weight of a fruit and/or vegetable, starch, and fat and the food product has a moisture content of less than 4% by weight and exhibits reduced moisture uptake such that the food product has a moisture content of less than 7% by weight even after 2 weeks and up to five weeks after exposure to ambient conditions of 50% humidity at 23° C. In one embodiment, a crispy textured food product is formed from a dough in which the dough comprises at least 70% by weight of a fruit and/or vegetable, with about 35% to 45% of the fruit or vegetable content present as a powdered fruit or vegetable; starch, the dough comprising about 35% to about 45% by weight starch, wherein the dough comprises about 5% to about 25% by weight added starch, the balance of starch provided by the fruit or vegetable content; fat; and up to 1% by weight of an emulsifier. The food product has a moisture content of less than 4% by weight and exhibits reduced moisture uptake such that the food product has a moisture content of less than 6.5% by weight after 4 weeks exposure to ambient conditions of 50% humidity at 23° C. In still another embodiment, a method of making a food product comprises mixing a composition comprising a fruit or vegetable, starch, and fat to form a dough, in which the composition is at least 50% by weight of the fruit or vegetable and removing moisture from the dough to an amount less than 4% by weight to form a crispy textured ambient shelf-stable food product that exhibits a moisture content of less than 7% by weight after 4 weeks exposure to ambient conditions of 50% humidity at 23° C. Among the advantages of exemplary embodiments is that a food product is provided that has a high percentage of real fruit or vegetable content and has a bard and crispy texture and which does not quickly soften upon exposure to ambient conditions in the same way conventional products do, but instead the texture remains stable for longer periods. Another advantage is that by adjusting the glass transition temperature above room temperature, the product does not readily absorb moisture under ambient conditions, retaining its hard and crispy texture even after the package is opened. Yet another advantage is the product can be formed using baking at ordinary atmospheric conditions while avoiding charring. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following more detailed description of exemplary embodiments that illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.

11479768

RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a national stage filing under 35 U.S.C. 371 of International Application No. PCT/EP2016/065321, filed Jun. 30, 2016, which claims the benefit of European Application No. 15174677.3, filed Jun. 30, 2015, the entire teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference. International Application No.: PCT/EP2016/065321 was published under PCT Article 21(2) in English. BACKGROUND Messenger RNAs (mRNA) are polymers containing a number of linked nucleotides, each composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base. Each mRNA polymer stores genetic information along the nucleotide chain. Messenger RNA polymers carry the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus of the cell to the cytoplasm where proteins are made. Each triplet of nucleotides in the mRNA is called a codon, and each codon specifies the identity of an amino acid in the translated protein. A cell can also take up and translate an exogenous RNA, but many factors influence efficient uptake and translation. For instance, the immune system recognizes many exogenous RNAs as foreign and triggers a response that is aimed at inactivating the RNAs. In addition, many exogenous RNAs are not sufficiently stable to be adequately expressed within a host cell. SUMMARY The present disclosure provides a composition comprising a modified polyribonucleotide for treating a subject having or suspected of having a disease associated with a gene of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family, such as ABCA3 that may be associated with a respiratory distress syndrome. The modified polyribonucleotide can include a codon sequence that is optimized for translation within cells of the subject exposed to the modified polyribonucleotide, wherein upon translation the modified polyribonucleotide yields a polypeptide that ameliorates a symptom of the disease. The gene in the ATP-binding cassette family can be selected from the group consisting of ABCA1, ABCA3, ABCA4, ABCA12, ABCB4, ABCB7, ABCB11, ABCC2, ABCC6, ABCC8, ABCC9, ABCD1, ABCG5, ABCG8, and CFTR. In some cases, the gene in the ATP-binding cassette family is ABCA3 or at least 70% homologous to the human ABCA3. In some cases, the composition comprises a ratio of moles of amine groups of cationic polymers to moles of phosphate groups of the modified polyribonucleotide of at least about 8. In some cases, the composition is selected from TABLE 8. In some cases, the optimized codon sequence is translated at least 20% more effectively within a cell of a subject than a non-optimized codon sequence. In some cases, the modified polyribonucleotide comprises a combination of unmodified and modified nucleotides. A composition of the disclosure can be used to treat a disease, and the disease can be selected from the group consisting of age-related macular degeneration, benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis, Cantu syndrome, congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens, congenital hyperinsulinism, cystic fibrosis, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, familial dilated cardiomyopathy, familial HDL deficiency, generalized arterial calcification of infancy, harlequin ichthyosis, hereditary pancreatitis, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, lamellar ichthyosis, permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, retinitis pigmentosa, sitosterolemia, Stargardt macular degeneration, surfactant dysfunction, Tangier disease, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia. In some cases, the modified polyribonucleotide provides expression of the polypeptide for a time period in the cell of the subject having the modified polyribonucleotide, wherein the time period is up to 4 weeks, wherein the expression is enhanced as compared to expression in a control cell that has been exposed to an unmodified polyribonucleotide encoding the polypeptide. The time period can be of at least about 30 seconds and up to 5 days. In some cases, the modified polyribonucleotide comprises a 3′ or 5′ noncoding region flanking the codon sequence which encodes the polypeptide, wherein the noncoding region aids in enhanced expression of the polypeptide in the cells. In some cases, the modified polyribonucleotide is formulated in a nanoparticle, nanocapsule, cationic lipid, cationic polymer, nanoemulsion. In some cases the modified polyribonucleotide comprises analogues of uridine or analogues of cytidine. In some cases, the modified polyribonucleotide comprises 5% to 50% analogues of uridine or 5% to 50% analogues of cytidine. In some cases, the modified polyribonucleotide comprises 15% to 30% analogues of uridine or 15% to 30% analogues of cytidine. In some cases the analogues of uridine are selected from the group consisting of pseudouridine, 2-thiouridine, 5-iodouridine, and 5-methyluridine. In some cases the analogues of cytidine are selected from the group consisting of 5-methylcytidine, 2′-amino-2′-deoxycytidine, 2′-fluoro-2′-deoxycytidine, and 5-iodocytidine. In some cases, the modified polyribonucleotide comprises 5-methylcytidine or pseudouridine. In some cases, the modified polyribonucleotide comprises (i) uridine and cytidine; and (ii) analogues of the uridine and cytidine. In some cases the modified polyribonucleotide comprises analogues of adenosine or analogues of guanosine. In some cases, the modified polyribonucleotide comprises (i) adenosine or guanosine; and (ii) analogues of the adenosine or guanosine. In some cases, the modified polyribonucleotide comprises less than 50% analogues of adenosine or guanosine. In some cases, the modified polyribonucleotide comprises (i) adenosine and guanosine; and (ii) analogues of the adenosine and guanosine. In some cases, the modified polyribonucleotide has a transfection efficiency greater than 80% among cells exposed to the modified polyribonucleotide. In some cases, the modified polyribonucleotide induces substantially no change in a level of at least one inflammatory marker expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to the modified polyribonucleotide. In some cases (i) the codon sequence is a gene or fragment whose defect or deficiency is associated with a presence of the disease, or (ii) a lack or deficiency of the polypeptide is associated with the presence of the disease. For example, a deficiency in the ABCA3 gene can be a cause of respiratory distress syndrome. In some cases, the modified polyribonucleotide lowers an immune response of the subject as compared to an unmodified polyribonucleotide encoding the polypeptide, which immune response is as determined by a level of at least one inflammatory marker selected from TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-8 expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to the modified polyribonucleotide as compared to a level of the at least one inflammatory marker in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a control that has been exposed to the unmodified polyribonucleotide. Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the following detailed description, wherein only illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are shown and described. As will be realized, the present disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

11473264

BACKGROUND Field The present disclosure relates generally to enclosure cover assemblies and, more particularly, to cover assemblies having frames and covers for precast utility enclosures that can support the weight of vehicles enabling the enclosure to be used in high vehicle traffic environments. Description of the Related Art Utility companies, such as water, electric, gas, and/or cable television utilities often use subterranean conduits and enclosures to deliver their product to customers. For example, electrical utilities run electrical wires through underground conduits and provide workman access to such wires using buried utility enclosures that have covers at or slightly above grade. The utility enclosures can be buried in the ground, or under roads or sidewalks. The tops of enclosures buried in roadways are subject to significant vehicle weights. To protect buried utility enclosures from damage caused by vehicle traffic, the covers need to be able to withstand such weight. SUMMARY The present disclosure provides embodiments of cover assemblies for use with direct burial enclosures. In one exemplary embodiment, an enclosure cover assembly comprises a frame that can be secured to an enclosure and a cover that can be separately secured to the frame. The frame has a central opening providing access to an interior of the enclosure, an overhang and a cover receiving ledge. The cover receiving ledge may be offset from a top of the overhang. The cover receiving ledge includes at least one enclosure mounting tab positioned to align with at least one mounting structure of an enclosure and at least one cover mounting tab. The cover is dimensioned to rest on the cover receiving ledge of the frame, and has at least one opening aligned with the at least one cover mounting tab so that the cover can be secured to the frame. In one exemplary embodiment, an enclosure cover assembly comprises a frame and a cover. The frame has a pair of side walls, a pair of end walls and a central opening, wherein an end of each side wall meets an end of an end wall. The side walls and end wall include an overhang and a cover receiving ledge. The frame may include at least one stabilizing bracket extending from the overhang such that when the frame is installed on an enclosure the at least one stabilizing bracket can be embedded in concrete surrounding the frame. The cover receiving ledge may be offset from a top of the overhang. The cover receiving ledge includes at least one enclosure mounting tab positioned to align with at least one mounting structure of an enclosure and at least one cover mounting tab. The cover is dimensioned to rest on the cover receiving ledge and has at least one opening aligned with the at least one cover mounting tab such that the cover can be secured to the frame.

11435859

BACKGROUND Capacitive touch sensors are frequently included in computing devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptop computers. At a capacitive touch sensor, objects that are contacting the sensor or hovering near the sensor may be detected by measuring changes in capacitance at the surface of the sensor. For example, the object may be a stylus or a user's finger. In order to measure the capacitance of the surface, a voltage is applied to the surface of the capacitive touch sensor. The capacitance may, for example, be measured by detecting a frequency of an oscillator included in a sensor circuit, or by measuring a capacitance ratio between the surface and another capacitor when an alternating current is applied to the sensor circuit. SUMMARY According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a touch-sensitive device is provided, including a capacitive touch-sensitive surface including an array of electrodes arranged in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns. The touch-sensitive device may further include processing circuitry configured to determine a detected position at which a stylus contacts or hovers above the capacitive touch-sensitive surface. The processing circuitry may be further configured to determine, based at least in part on the detected position, a first electrode set and a second electrode set of the electrodes included in the array. The detected position may be located proximate to one or more first row electrodes and/or one or more first column electrodes included in the first electrode set. The second electrode set may include a plurality of second row electrodes and a plurality of second column electrodes not included in the first electrode set. The touch-sensitive device may further include a driving circuit configured to transmit a first driving signal to the first electrode set and transmit a second driving signal that differs from the first driving signal to the second electrode set. This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in any part of this disclosure.

11463828

TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure relates generally to acoustic devices and more specifically to acoustic devices with transducers fastened thereto. BACKGROUND Sound-producing acoustic devices including balanced armature receivers that convert an electrical input signal to an acoustic output signal characterized by a varying sound pressure level (SPL) are generally known. Such devices are used in hearing aids, headsets, hearables, ear buds among other hearing devices worn by a user. An acoustic receiver generally includes a motor and a coil to which an electrical excitation signal is applied. The coil is disposed about a portion of an armature (also known as a reed), a movable portion of which is disposed in equipoise between magnets, which are typically retained by a yoke. Application of the excitation or input signal to the receiver coil modulates the magnetic field, causing deflection of the reed between the magnets. The deflecting reed is linked to a movable portion (known as a paddle) of a diaphragm disposed within a partially enclosed receiver housing, wherein movement of the paddle forces air through a sound outlet or port of the housing. Additionally, some such hearing devices of the type described may be implemented with an outwardly facing microphone that detects ambient sound external to the ear canal, as generally known and used for noise-cancellation.

11434827

BACKGROUND Exemplary embodiments pertain to the art of gas turbine engines and, more particularly, to a hydrostatic seal assembly with structural protection for a secondary seal of the assembly. Hydrostatic seals exhibit less leakage compared to traditional knife edge seals while exhibiting a longer life than brush seals. Some hydrostatic seals may be used between a stator and a rotor within a gas turbine engine. The hydrostatic seal is mounted to the stator to maintain a desired gap dimension between the hydrostatic seal and the rotor. The hydrostatic seal has the ability to ‘track’ the relative movement between the stator and the rotor throughout the engine operating profile when a pressure differential is developed across the seal. Hydrostatic seals involve motion of a spring-attached shoe whose response is based on aerodynamic forces developed between the seal shoe and a rotor surface during operation. The hydrostatic seals include one or more secondary seals loaded axially against a spacer and the shoe. Proper functioning and positioning of the secondary seal(s) is dependent upon a positive pressure differential. If the hydrostatic seal is subject to a surge or pressure reversal, the thin secondary seal(s) may be subject to damage. For example, the secondary seal(s) may bend permanently in the upstream direction and no longer function properly. Additionally, even liberation of the secondary seal(s) is contemplated, thereby becoming debris. Traditional hydrostatic seal assemblies may not provide substantial structural protection for the above-described secondary seals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION Disclosed is a hydrostatic seal assembly configured to be disposed between relatively rotatable components. The seal includes a base. The seal also includes a shoe operatively coupled to the base. The seal further includes a secondary seal disposed proximate an axially forward end of the shoe, the secondary seal extending radially from a radially inner end to a radially outer end to define a radial distance of the secondary seal, the secondary seal having an axially forward face. The seal yet further includes a structural component located adjacent to the axially forward face of the secondary seal and extending radially inwardly to cover at least half of the radial distance of the secondary seal. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the structural component is a secondary seal cover. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the structural component is a spacer. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the spacer is a U-shaped component having an axially forward leg adjacent with the axially forward face of the secondary seal. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the structural component is a carrier that the base is operatively coupled to. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include a beam operatively coupling the shoe to the base. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the beam is one of a plurality of beams oriented parallel to each other. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the structural component includes at least one cutout portion. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the at least one cutout is an aperture. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the at least one cutout is a recess extending from a radially inner edge of the structural component. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the recess is a scalloped recess. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the relatively rotatable components are a stator and a rotor. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the seal is operatively coupled to the stator. Also disclosed is a gas turbine engine that includes a compressor section, a combustor section, a turbine section, and a seal assembly disposed in the gas turbine engine, the seal assembly comprising a stator, a rotor, and a hydrostatic seal disposed between a stator and the rotor. The seal assembly includes a base. The seal assembly also includes a shoe operatively coupled to the base. The seal assembly further includes a secondary seal disposed proximate an axially forward end of the shoe, the secondary seal extending radially from a radially inner end to a radially outer end to define a radial distance of the secondary seal, the secondary seal having an axially forward face. The seal assembly yet further includes a structural component located adjacent to the axially forward face of the secondary seal and extending radially inwardly to cover at least half of the radial distance of the secondary seal. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the structural component is a secondary seal cover. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the structural component is a spacer. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the spacer is a U-shaped component having an axially forward leg adjacent with the axially forward face of the secondary seal. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the structural component is a carrier that the base is operatively coupled to. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include at least one beam operatively coupling the shoe to the base. In addition to one or more of the features described above, or as an alternative, further embodiments may include that the structural component includes at least one cutout portion.

11353965

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH Not applicable. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates generally to object recognition. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of using an electronic device to identify and interact with a variety of objects typically encountered throughout a person's day without modifying or tagging the objects. We are surrounded by an ever-growing ecosystem of connected and computationally-enhanced appliances and objects, from smart thermostats and light bulbs, to coffee makers and refrigerators. The much-lauded Internet of Things (IoT) revolution predicts billions of such devices in use within the next few years. Despite offering sophisticated functionality, most IoT devices provide only rudimentary on-device controls. The lack of user-friendly controls is because (1) it is expensive to include large touchscreen displays, for example, on low-cost, mass-market hardware, and (2) it is challenging to provide a full-featured user experience in a small form factor. Instead, most IoT appliances rely on users to launch a special-purpose application or browse to a specific website on their smartphone or tablet to interact with the object. With an increasing number of connected IoT devices, the manual launching approach does not scale. In other words, the user experience suffers if a user must search through scores of applications to dim the lights in the living room or find something to watch on TV. To overcome this problem, an instant and effortless way to automatically summon rich user interface controls, as well as expose appliance-specific functionality within existing smartphone applications in a contextually relevant manner, should be provided. In one approach to recognize appliances on-touch, Laput et al. proposed in EM-Sense a smartwatch that detected electro-magnetic emissions of grasped electrical and electromechanical objects. Most powered objects emit some amount of electro-magnetic radiation, which is fairly unique to the object and can be exploited for classification purposes. In the approach proposed by Laput, the user's body acts as an antenna to receive the electro-magnetic signals emitted by the object. The received signals are then transmitted to a laptop, which performs an analysis to classify the object. Notably, this approach requires no modification or instrumentation of the object, and can therefore work “out of the box” with already-deployed devices. However, the EM-Sense approach did not propose a method of controlling the touched object and is a bulky implementation requiring the use of a laptop. Various others have proposed techniques of using mobile devices to control appliances. An early system by Hodes et al. allowed users to control multiple pieces of lecture hall equipment from a single wireless laptop, though users still had to manually select the desired device from a graphical map. To alleviate this manual selection process, later work has considered a bevy of technical approaches to automatically select and recognize appliances from mobile devices, including RFID tags, fiducial tags, near-field communication, laser pointers, handheld projectors, and personal area networks. While these systems allow users to select appliances by tapping or pointing at the device, they require appliances (or the environment) to be specially instrumented with tags or sensors working in concert with custom emitters or sensors on the mobile device. Other systems provide object recognition and do not require instrumentation of the appliance. For example, one system uses a smartphone's camera (combined with machine learning) to classify objects in the environment and overlay a suitable control interface. This system demonstrated classification between eight different objects, although no formal accuracy evaluation was provided. As another example, one system uses a smartphone camera in conjunction with a continually-updated database of appliance images to automatically classify appliances and summon appropriate interfaces. While these systems are capable of recognizing objects, accuracy is dependent on the quality of the image obtained by the user. Further, the image capture process can be cumbersome and time consuming, a problem previously discussed with the ever-expanding IoT. It would therefore be advantageous to develop a method and system for object recognition and control that is compact, inexpensive, and runs on a low-powered embedded processor. Lastly, the method and system should demonstrate improved ad hoc appliance recognition accuracy, which makes integration into consumer devices significantly more feasible. BRIEF SUMMARY According to embodiments of the present invention is a system and method for recognizing and interacting with an object using an electronic device. In one embodiment, the system enables a user to simply tap an electronic device, such as a smartphone, to an object to discover and rapidly utilize contextual functionality. Once an object is touched by the user and recognized by the system, the object manufacturer's application (App.) can be automatically launched on the electronic device. For example, touching a smartphone to a thermostat launches the thermostat's configuration App. In another example, the electronic device can expose small widgets that allow the running smartphone application to perform actions on the touched object. These widgets are referred to herein as contextual charms. For example, when reading a PDF on a smartphone, the action of touching the phone to a printer will reveal an on-screen print button (i.e. contextual charm). By tapping the contextual charm, the PDF will be wirelessly sent to the printer and printed.

11488119

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field This present disclosure relates generally to systems, devices, products, apparatus, and methods for conducting a payment transaction involving payment on delivery, and in some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, to a system, product, and method associated with a mobile payment processing platform for conducting a payment transaction involving payment on delivery at a location independent of a merchant location. 2. Technical Considerations A point-of-sale (POS) device (e.g., a POS terminal, a POS machine, and/or the like) may be an electronic device that is used to process payment transactions at a merchant location (e.g., a retail location, a store, and/or the like). For example, a POS device may be used to receive information based on reading a customer's credit card or debit card, determine whether electronic funds in a customer's account associated with the customer's credit card or debit card are sufficient, account for a transfer of the electronic funds from the customer's account to a merchant's account, and store data associated with the payment transaction after processing of the payment transaction is complete. A merchant (e.g., an e-businesses merchant, an online retailer, a traditional brick and mortar retailer, and/or the like) may use a POS device associated with the merchant to conduct a payment transaction involving the merchant and a customer. In some examples, a merchant may use a mobile-POS (MPOS) device (e.g., a portable POS device) to conduct a payment transaction involving the merchant and a customer at a location that is independent of a merchant location (e.g., a location that is outside of a retail store of the merchant). In such an example, the MPOS device may communicate with a payment gateway to process the payment transaction for the merchant. However, an MPOS device may be required to be associated with a merchant (e.g., assigned to a merchant). In this way, an entity that is not affiliated with the merchant may not be able to conduct a payment transaction (e.g., a payment transaction involving a payment on delivery, a payment transaction involving cash on delivery, a payment transaction involving collect on delivery, and/or the like) for the merchant using the MPOS device. In addition, an entity that is not affiliated with a first merchant or a second merchant may not be able to conduct a payment transaction involving a payment on delivery (e.g., cash on delivery, collect on delivery, and/or the like) for the first merchant or the second merchant using the MPOS device. Additionally, an entity (e.g., a logistics entity, a delivery entity, a courier, a sales representative, and/or the like) that is hired by the merchant to provide goods and/or sell services associated with the merchant and accept payment for the goods and/or the services may not be able to conduct a payment transaction involving a payment on delivery for the merchant using the MPOS device in real-time. For example, the delivery entity may deliver a good provided by the merchant to a customer at a customer location (e.g., a customer's home) and the delivery entity may read a credit card of the customer using the MPOS device associated with the delivery entity. The MPOS device may not be able to process the payment transaction in real-time while the delivery entity is located at the customer location because the MPOS device may not be able to determine a financial institution associated with an account of the merchant from which to obtain authorization for the payment transaction. Instead, the MPOS device may process the payment transaction at the end of the day during a batch process in which a plurality of payment transactions are processed. In addition, the delivery entity may be forced to deliver the goods to the customer before obtaining authorization for the payment transaction between the customer and the merchant for the goods. SUMMARY Accordingly, improved systems, devices, products, apparatus, and/or methods for determining a category alignment of an account are disclosed. According to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, provided is a computer-implemented method for conducting a payment transaction involving payment on delivery in real-time. The method comprises receiving, with at least one processor, transaction data associated with a payment transaction involving a merchant and a customer at a location that is independent of a merchant location from an MPOS device; determining, with at least one processor, an identity of a financial institution from among a plurality of financial institutions based on the transaction data associated with the payment transaction, wherein the financial institution is associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction; communicating, with at least one processor, data associated with a request for authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the financial institution based on determining the identity of the financial institution; receiving, with at least one processor, an indication of whether the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer was authorized from the financial institution; and communicating, with at least one processor, data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the MPOS device. According to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, provided is a system for conducting a payment transaction involving payment on delivery in real-time. The system comprises at least one processor programmed or configured to receive transaction data associated with a payment transaction involving a merchant and a customer at a location that is independent of a merchant location from an MPOS device; determine an identity of a financial institution from among a plurality of financial institutions based on the transaction data associated with the payment transaction, wherein the financial institution is associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction; communicate data associated with a request for authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the financial institution based on determining the identity of the financial institution; receive an indication of whether the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer was authorized from the financial institution; and communicate data associated with the authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the MPOS device. According to some non-limiting embodiments or aspects, provided is a computer program product for conducting a payment transaction involving payment on delivery in real-time. The computer program product comprises at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium including one or more instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to receive transaction data associated with a payment transaction involving a merchant and a customer at a location that is independent of a merchant location from an MPOS device; determine an identity of a financial institution from among a plurality of financial institutions based on the transaction data associated with the payment transaction, wherein the financial institution is associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction; communicate data associated with a request for authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the financial institution based on determining the identity of the financial institution; receive an indication of whether the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer was authorized from the financial institution; and communicate data associated with the authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the MPOS device. Further non-limiting embodiments or aspects are set forth in the following numbered clauses. Clause 1: A computer-implemented method for conducting a payment transaction involving payment on delivery in real-time, the computer-implemented method comprising: receiving, with at least one processor, transaction data associated with a payment transaction involving a merchant and a customer at a location that is independent of a merchant location from an MPOS device; determining, with at least one processor, an identity of a financial institution from among a plurality of financial institutions based on the transaction data associated with the payment transaction, wherein the financial institution is associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction; communicating, with at least one processor, data associated with a request for authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the financial institution based on determining the identity of the financial institution; receiving, with at least processor, an indication of whether the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer was authorized from the financial institution; and communicating, with at least one processor, data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the MPOS device. Clause 2: The computer-implemented method of clause 1, further comprising: determining merchant data associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction, wherein, when determining the identity of the financial institution from among the plurality of financial institutions, the computer-implemented method comprises: determining, with at least one processor, the identity of the financial institution from among the plurality of financial institutions based on the merchant data associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction. Clause 3: The computer-implemented method of clause 1 or 2, wherein, determining the merchant data associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction comprises: determining the merchant data associated with the merchant based on the transaction data associated with the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer. Clause 4: The computer-implemented method of any of clauses 1-3, wherein the financial institution is an acquirer associated with an account of the merchant involved in the payment transaction. Clause 5: The computer-implemented method of any of clauses 1-4, wherein communicating the data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer comprises: communicating the data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the MPOS device after receiving an indication that the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer was authorized from the financial institution. Clause 6: The computer-implemented method of any of clauses 1-5, wherein receiving data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer comprises: receiving data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer from an acquirer associated with an account of the merchant involved in the payment transaction. Clause 7: The computer-implemented method of any of clauses 1-6, further comprising: determining the data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer was authorized based on receiving the indication of whether the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer was authorized from the financial institution. Clause 8: The computer-implemented method of any of clauses 1-7, further comprising: communicating data associated with a request for processing of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer, wherein, communicating data associated with a request for processing of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer comprises: communicating data associated with the request for authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer. Clause 9: The computer-implemented method of any of clauses 1-8, wherein receiving data associated with processing of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer comprises: receiving data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer. Clause 10: The computer-implemented method of any of clauses 1-9, further comprising: determining merchant identity data associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction, wherein, determining the financial institution from among the plurality of financial institutions comprises: determining an acquirer of a plurality of acquirers based on the merchant identity data associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction. Clause 11: The computer-implemented method of any of clauses 1-10, wherein the transaction data associated with a payment transaction involving a merchant and a customer comprises: validation data associated with the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer. Clause 12: The computer-implemented method of any of clauses 1-11, wherein determining the identity of the financial institution from among the plurality of financial institutions based on the transaction data associated with the payment transaction comprises: validating a delivery entity associated with the MPOS device based on the validation data associated with the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer. Clause 13: The computer-implemented method of any of clauses 1-12, further comprising: generating a token for the payment transaction based on validating the delivery entity associated with the MPOS device, wherein the token comprises data associated with the identity of the financial institution. Clause 14: The computer-implemented method of any of clauses 1-13, further comprising: communicating the token to the MPOS device based on generating the token; and receiving account data associated with an account of the customer and the token. Clause 15: The computer-implemented method of any of clauses 1-14, wherein communicating data associated with a request for authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the financial institution is based on the token. Clause 16: The computer-implemented method of any of clauses 1-15, wherein the validation data comprises: data associated with an identification of a delivery entity associated with the MPOS device; data associated with an identification of the merchant involved in the payment transaction; and data associated with an encryption key of the delivery entity. Clause 17: A system for conducting a payment transaction involving payment on delivery in real-time, the system comprising: at least one processor programmed or configured to: receive transaction data associated with a payment transaction involving a merchant and a customer at a location that is independent of a merchant location from an MPOS device; determine an identity of a financial institution from among a plurality of financial institutions based on the transaction data associated with the payment transaction, wherein the financial institution is associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction; communicate data associated with a request for authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the financial institution based on determining the identity of the financial institution; receive an indication of whether the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer was authorized from the financial institution; and communicate data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the MPOS device. Clause 18: The system of clause 17, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: determine merchant data associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction, wherein, when determining the identity of the financial institution from among the plurality of financial institutions, the at least one processor is programmed or configured to: determine the identity of the financial institution from among the plurality of financial institutions based on the merchant data associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction. Clause 19: The system of clause 17 or 18, wherein, when determining the merchant data associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: determine the merchant data associated with the merchant based on the transaction data associated with the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer. Clause 20: The system of any of clauses 17-19, wherein the financial institution is an acquirer associated with an account of the merchant involved in the payment transaction. Clause 21: The system of any of clauses 17-20, wherein, when communicating the data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: communicate the data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the MPOS device after receiving an indication that the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer was authorized from the financial institution. Clause 22: The system of any of clauses 17-21, wherein, when receiving data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: receive data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer from an acquirer associated with an account of the merchant involved in the payment transaction. Clause 23: The system of any of clauses 17-22, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: determine the data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer was authorized based on receiving the indication of whether the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer was authorized from the financial institution. Clause 24: The system of any of clauses 17-23, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: communicate data associated with a request for processing of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer, wherein, when communicating data associated with a request for processing of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer, the at least one processor is programmed or configured to: communicate data associated with the request for authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer. Clause 25: The system of any of clauses 17-24, wherein, when receiving data associated with processing of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer, the at least one processor is programmed or configured to: receive data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer. Clause 26: The system of any of clauses 17-25, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: determine merchant identity data associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction, wherein, when determining the financial institution from among the plurality of financial institutions, the at least one processor is programmed or configured to: determine an acquirer of a plurality of acquirers based on the merchant identity data associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction. Clause 27: The system of any of clauses 17-26, wherein the transaction data associated with a payment transaction involving a merchant and a customer comprises validation data associated with the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer. Clause 28: The system of any of clauses 17-27, wherein determining the identity of the financial institution from among the plurality of financial institutions based on the transaction data associated with the payment transaction comprises: validating a delivery entity associated with the MPOS device based on the validation data associated with the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer. Clause 29: The system of any of clauses 17-28, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: generate a token for the payment transaction based on validating the delivery entity associated with the MPOS device, wherein the token comprises data associated with the identity of the financial institution. Clause 30: The system of any of clauses 17-29, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to: communicate the token to the MPOS device based on generating the token; and receive account data associated with an account of the customer and the token. Clause 31: The system of any of clauses 17-30, wherein communicating data associated with a request for authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the financial institution is based on the token. Clause 32: The system of any of clauses 17-31, wherein the validation data comprises: data associated with an identification of a delivery entity associated with the MPOS device; data associated with an identification of the merchant involved in the payment transaction; and data associated with an encryption key of the delivery entity. Clause 33: A computer program product for conducting a payment transaction involving payment on delivery in real-time, the computer-program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium including one or more instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: receive transaction data associated with a payment transaction involving a merchant and a customer at a location that is independent of a merchant location from an MPOS device; determine an identity of a financial institution from among a plurality of financial institutions based on the transaction data associated with the payment transaction, wherein the financial institution is associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction; communicate data associated with a request for authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the financial institution based on determining the identity of the financial institution; receive an indication of whether the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer was authorized from the financial institution; and communicate data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the MPOS device. Clause 34: The computer-program product of clause 33, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to: determine merchant data associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction, wherein, when determining the identity of the financial institution from among the plurality of financial institutions, the at least one processor is programmed or configured to: determine the identity of the financial institution from among the plurality of financial institutions based on the merchant data associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction. Clause 35: The computer-program product of clause 33 or 34, wherein the one or more instructions that cause the at least one processor to determine the merchant data associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction cause the at least one processor to: determine the merchant data associated with the merchant based on the transaction data associated with the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer. Clause 36: The computer-program product of any of clauses 33-35, wherein the financial institution is an acquirer associated with an account of the merchant involved in the payment transaction. Clause 37: The computer-program product of any of clauses 33-36, wherein the one or more instructions that cause the at least one processor to communicate the data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer further cause the at least one processor to: communicate the data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the MPOS device after receiving an indication that the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer was authorized from the financial institution. Clause 38: The computer-program product of any of clauses 33-37, wherein the one or more instructions that cause the at least one processor to receive data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer further cause the at least one processor to: receive data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer from an acquirer associated with an account of the merchant involved in the payment transaction. Clause 39: The computer-program product of any of clauses 33-38, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to: determine the data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer was authorized based on receiving the indication of whether the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer was authorized from the financial institution. Clause 40: The computer-program product of any of clauses 33-39, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to: communicate data associated with a request for processing of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer, wherein, when communicating data associated with a request for processing of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer, the at least one processor is programmed or configured to: communicate data associated with the request for authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer. Clause 41: The computer-program product of any of clauses 33-40, wherein the one or more instructions that cause the at least one processor to receive data associated with processing of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer further cause the at least one processor to: receive data associated with authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer. Clause 42: The computer-program product of any of clauses 33-41, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to: determine merchant identity data associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction, wherein the one or more instructions that cause the at least one processor to determine the financial institution from among the plurality of financial institutions further cause the at least one processor to: determine an acquirer of a plurality of acquirers based on the merchant identity data associated with the merchant involved in the payment transaction. Clause 43: The computer-program product of any of clauses 33-42, wherein the transaction data associated with a payment transaction involving a merchant and a customer comprises validation data associated with the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer. Clause 44: The computer-program product of any of clauses 33-43, wherein the one or more instructions that cause the at least one processor to determine the identity of the financial institution from among the plurality of financial institutions based on the transaction data associated with the payment transaction further causes the at least one processor to: validate a delivery entity associated with the MPOS device based on the validation data associated with the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer. Clause 45: The computer-program product of any of clauses 33-44, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to: generate a token for the payment transaction based on validating the delivery entity associated with the MPOS device, wherein the token comprises data associated with the identity of the financial institution. Clause 46: The computer-program product of any of clauses 33-45, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to: communicate the token to the MPOS device based on generating the token; and receive account data associated with an account of the customer and the token. Clause 47: The computer-program product of any of clauses 33-46, wherein communicating data associated with a request for authorization of the payment transaction involving the merchant and the customer to the financial institution is based on the token. Clause 48: The computer-program product of any of clauses 33-47, wherein the validation data comprises: data associated with an identification of a delivery entity associated with the MPOS device; data associated with an identification of the merchant involved in the payment transaction; and data associated with an encryption key of the delivery entity. These and other features and characteristics of the present disclosure, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related elements of structures and the combination of parts and economies of manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description and the appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the various figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the present disclosure. As used in the specification and the claims, the singular form of “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

11242833

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a U.S. National Stage Application of International Application No. PCT/EP2017/075836 filed Oct. 10, 2017, which designates the United States of America, and claims priority to EP Application No. 16193477.3 filed Oct. 12, 2016, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to internal combustion engines. Various embodiments include injector cups, spring clips, and/or fluid injection assemblies for an internal combustion engine. BACKGROUND Injection valve assemblies are in widespread use, in particular for internal combustion engines where they may be arranged in order to dose a fluid to a cylinder. A high-pressure injector may be clamped on the cylinder head to ensure a correct position of its tip inside the combustion chamber. In addition, the orientation of the high-pressure fuel injector with respect to the combustion chamber must be guaranteed to reach desired engine performances. This function is needed in order to control in an accurate way the fuel spray targeting inside the combustion chamber. Uncontrolled tip or spray position would have a negative impact on engine emission and performances. In order to meet these requirements regarding internal combustion engines having a fuel rail, the injector cups which are connected to the fuel rail are fixed to the cylinder head for example by screws, clamps, or the like in an intended relative position. It is known that at each injector its fluid inlet end is sealingly inserted into a cavity of a respective injector cup and to hold the respective injector at its injector cup by means of a spring clip. In addition to the above-mentioned requirements, the injector under operation conditions can slightly move along its longitudinal direction relative to its injector cup whereas any inclination of the injector relative to the injector cup has to be avoided. An inclination of the injector may result in an unintended dismounting of the injector in particular during handling and transportation, but also during assembly if no appropriate provisions are made against this risk. This particularly pertains to the transportation because at this state the injectors are already mounted at the injector cups but not yet mounted to a cylinder head, as described in EP 2 910 768 A1 with reference toFIG. 1. In the prior art as shown byFIG. 13it is known an injector cup1′ for a fluid injection assembly of an internal combustion engine, wherein the injector cup1comprises a cup body2′ and a cup ring element3′. The cup body2′ extends along a central longitudinal axis A′ from a first axial end4′ to a second axial end5′ and the cup ring element3′ adjoins the border of the second axial end5′ by radially extending beyond said border6′. A base surface7′ of the cup ring element3′ faces away from the first axial end4′ and defines a cup reference plane8′ which extends orthogonally to the longitudinal axis A′. The injector cup1′ is fixed to a fuel rail9′ by intermediate means10′. As a further component a so-called stiffener11′, which is a bent sheetmetal part, is brazed to the injector cup1′ with the double aim of minimizing an injector spring clip inclination and an injector spring clip axial movement, thanks to the locally increased thickness given by the contribute of the two brazed sheet-metal components, i.e. the injector cup in the stiffener. A spring clip (which is not shown inFIG. 13) can be connected to the injector (also not shown inFIG. 13). The problem of the movement of the injector would imply a risk of loosening the injector during transportation and mounting problems could arise during the assembly in the engine head. In the prior art also designs of an injector cup without such a brazed stiffener are known. Reference is made to EP 2 860 388 A1. SUMMARY Various embodiments of the teachings of the present disclosure include an injector cup comprising: a cup body extending along a central longitudinal axis of the injector cup from a first axial end of the cup body to a second axial end of the cup body; and a cup ring element which adjoins the border of the second axial end by radially extending beyond said border; wherein a base surface of the cup ring element faces away from the first axial end and defines a cup reference plane which extends orthogonally to the longitudinal axis. Some embodiments include a spring clip for a fluid injection assembly for an internal combustion engine, wherein the spring clip comprises: two legs which extend alongside and spaced from each other; two fork arms which extend alongside and spaced from each other; and a connecting portion; wherein each of the legs has a curved section, an angled section and a flat section which is formed between the curved section and the angled section of the respective leg, wherein each of the flat sections has a base surface which extends along a clip reference plane or which at least is tangent to a clip reference plane, wherein at the side of the clip reference plane which faces away from the base surfaces each of the curved sections extends away from the clip reference plane by having a shape like a C-profile, wherein at the side of the clip reference plane which faces away from the base surfaces the angled sections extend away from the clip reference plane and are connected to each other, in particular spaced from the clip reference plane by the connecting portion. Some embodiments include a fluid injection assembly for an internal combustion engine, wherein the fluid injection assembly extends along a central longitudinal axis and comprises: an injector, comprising an injector tube and an injector body which is fixed to said injector tube, an injector cup and a spring clip. Some embodiments include a method for assembling a fluid injection assembly for a combustion engine, comprising the steps: providing a spring clip and an injector cup and providing an injector, comprising an injector tube and an injector body which is fixed to said injector tube, wherein the injector body has a central opening and a slit, wherein the central opening extends along the longitudinal axis, and wherein the slit crosses the central opening and extends parallel or inclined with respect to a plane which is orthogonally to a central longitudinal axis.

11450336

TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure pertains generally to computerized telephony, audio enhancement technology, and communication systems, and in particular, to a system and method for smart feedback cancellation in telephony applications. BACKGROUND Audio enhancement may be performed in telephony applications to improve voice quality. However, one unresolved problem in the prior art lies in acoustic feedback control. For example, in a teleconferencing application, there may be a closed loop path in which there is acoustic feedback, such as may happen when different instances of a teleconference application are used. For example, sound emitted from one user's speakers may be picked up by another user's microphone. An initial sound burst may experience acoustic feedback and be amplified over time into an annoying howling sound. While the problem of acoustic feedback occurs in teleconferencing, the problem of acoustic feedback is quite old in terms of acoustic feedback experienced in phone conferencing and public address (PA) systems. Surprisingly, there have been no reliable automatic solutions to this problem of acoustic feedback in the prior art. The article “Fifty years of Acoustic Feedback Control: State of the Art and Future Challenges,” by T. V. Waterschoot and M. Moonen, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 99, no. 2, pp. 288-327, February 2011 describes the challenges of acoustic feedback. Acoustic feedback has been used to refer to undesired acoustic coupling as well as the howling effect that results from that coupling. As observed in the paper, “Surprisingly enough, despite 50 years of research on automatic acoustic feedback control, many PA system technicians still prefer to prosecute manual control of acoustic feedback. The main reason for this is lack of reliability in the available automatic acoustic feedback control solutions, i.e., howling may still occur and even take more time to be eliminated than in the case of manual control.” Despite tremendous research efforts in the field of acoustic feedback control, there haven't been reliable solutions for automatic feedback control for telephony applications due to the technical difficulties. Thus in many teleconferencing applications there can be highly undesirable howling sounds when a closed-loop path generates acoustic feedback. It would be desirable to address these issues. SUMMARY A method and system for automatically performing acoustic feedback cancellation in real time is disclosed. In the spectral domain, spectral attributes of frames associated with a howling effect are detected and matches identified. This may include detecting matches for two or more frames based on a spectrum match based on a normalized distance of signal spectral energies or a tone event match. The normalized distance of signal spectral energized may include a measure of distance substantially immune to magnitude difference and focus on frequency components relevant to acoustic feedback. A delay identification test may be performed to check for convergence to a consistent delay value of detected matches indicative of the howling effect. In one embodiment, votes are added to a delay buffer based on detecting a spectrum match or a tone event match. The accumulated delay votes may be analyzed to perform a delay identification test. A state machine implementation may use a state machine in which the accumulated delay votes are used to determine how states of the state machine are advanced between an initial state and a cancellation state in which the acoustic feedback is cancelled. A variety of optimizations are described for optimizing various tradeoffs associated with rapidly and reliably make decision to cancel acoustic feedback in telephony applications. The features and advantages described in this summary and in the following detailed description are not all-inclusive and, particularly, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art in view of the drawings, specification, and claims hereof. Moreover, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter, resort to the claims being necessary to determine such inventive subject matter.

11364528

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention In general, the present invention relates to an apparatus and or system used to coil lengths of hoses, cable, tubing, wiring and the like. More particularly, the present invention provides an improved coiling head that reduces and or eliminates damage such as indentations and kinks made from coiling around paddles with gaps between paddles as known in the prior art. 2. Description of the Prior Art In general, lengths of material that are usually relatively long and flexible are wound on large reels and or spools by a manufacturer. It is known for redistribution to take these large reels and or spools of materials into smaller amounts for redistribution. The machines associated with such are often referred to as automatic cut and transfer coiling and or spooling machines. See Prior Art inFIG. 1. Spooling is typically a reference to taking the elongated material from a large spool and or reel to a smaller desired length for redistribution then wrapped around another spool and or reel for redistribution. Coiling is typically a reference to taking the elongated material from a large spool and or reel to a smaller desired length for redistribution and wrapping it freely into a coil with no spool and or reel. Coiling is performed by wrapping the elongated materials around paddles having a circumference. Although the number of paddles on prior art coiling heads vary, it is typically four. This wrapping process is typically relatively tight around the paddles such that the coiled materials may not be easily removed from the coiling head. When the coiling is finished, the paddles are hinged such that they may collapse to a smaller circumference thus allowing the coiled material to be removed from the paddles. In the prior art, the paddles are spaced such that the elongated materials do not have full contact around the circumference of the coil as may be seen in the Prior Art inFIG. 1. This may lead to damage such as but not limited to indentations and or kinks where the material sags between the paddles where the material is unsupported. Obviously, this is not desirable depending on the elongated material being coiled. By example, but not to be considered limiting, medical tubing is often relatively small and flexible for use in medical, surgical, catheter, hypodermic applications, and so forth. This tubing is typically made by extrusion in large quantities wrapped around spools and or reels. Needless to say, the manufactured tube may be very long and a desired length for redistribution of the tubing may be just a few feet. Considering that medical tubing quality and precision may be a matter of life and death, it is highly undesirable to have tubing that gets kinked or otherwise damaged in the coiling process. Thus, there is a need for a new and improved coiling head with zero and or near zero gaps in the circumference such that the elongated material being coiled is not damaged in the coiling process. It is desirable to fill these needs with a reliable alternative that is affordable and functional. The above discussed limitations in the prior art is not exhaustive. The current invention provides an inexpensive, time saving, more reliable apparatus, method and system where the prior art fails. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the foregoing disadvantages inherent in the known types of coiling heads now present in the prior art, the present invention provides a new and improved apparatus, system and method of using the same. As such, the general purpose of the present invention, which will be described subsequently in greater detail, is to provide a new and improved coiling head for use with elongated materials, which has all the advantages of the prior art devices and none and or fewer of the disadvantages. It is, therefore, contemplated that the present invention is an apparatus, system and method for a new and improved coiling head that may expand for a zero and or near zero gap while coiling, but may collapse for a smaller circumference for unloading the coiled elongated materials from the head. There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional features of the invention that will be described hereinafter and which will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto. In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in this application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception upon which this disclosure is based may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Further, the purpose of the foregoing abstract is to enable the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally, and especially the engineers and practitioners in the art who are not familiar with patent or legal terms or phraseology, to determine quickly from a cursory inspection the nature and essence of the technical disclosure of the application. The abstract is neither intended to define the invention of the application, which is measured by the claims, nor is it intended to be limiting as to the scope of the invention in any way. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved coiling head apparatus, system and method for use with elongated materials where it is desirable to prevent and or reduce indentations in same during the coiling process and the removal from the head. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved coiling head apparatus, system and method, which allows for quick removal of the coiled materials from the head with a simple pull to collapse the head without the need of any tools. Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved coiling head apparatus, system and method, which may be manufactured with three-dimensional printing and made from plastics. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a new and improved coiling head apparatus, system and method, which is of a durable and reliable construction and may be utilized in numerous types of coiling applications. An even further object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved coiling head apparatus, system and method, which is susceptible to a low cost of manufacture, which accordingly is then susceptible to low prices of sale to the consuming industry, thereby making such a system economically available to those in the industry. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved coiling head apparatus, system and method, which provides all of the advantages of the prior art while simultaneously overcoming some of the disadvantages normally associated therewith. These, together with other objects of the invention, along with the various features of novelty, which characterize the invention, are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages, and the specific objects attained by its uses, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there are illustrated preferred embodiments of the invention.

11218809

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates generally to a speaker chamber for sound amplification and passive cooling of an electronic device, and more particularly, relates to an electronic device containing a resonance chamber for sound amplification that includes a channel for passive cooling of the electronic device via speaker driven airflow. The invention additionally relates to a method of using the same. 2. Discussion of the Related Art Recently, the market for smaller table top speakers, and internet connect speakers, and smart speakers with integrated voice-activated virtual assistants has continued to expand. Common among many of these electronic devices is the need to maintain a relatively small form factor, which allows to the electronic device to be placed on a desk, table or countertop without occupying excessively large areas. In addition to maintaining a relatively small form factor, customers also desire such speaker integrated small electronic devices to produce high quality audio output. However, size constraints often limit both the number of speakers and the size of the speakers that can be placed within such small electronic devices. This is of particular concern for generating low-end audio frequencies, e.g., bass, which are often created through the use of a woofer style speaker that has a relatively larger diameter speaker diaphragm, that may not be well suited for use in smaller electronic devices. Furthermore, when multiple speakers are located in a small electronic device, such a table top speaker, limited space within the electronic device may result in decreased air flow and elevated temperatures during operation. This overheating is only exacerbated in the context of smart speakers that include additional heat generating computer components within the housing of the small electronic device. Accordingly, while the inclusion of more speakers and/or larger speakers into a small electronic device may appear to be one viable solution to improving audio quality, it may result in undesirable overheating within the component. Such overheating may adversely affect product performance, such that simply adding more and/or larger speakers to a small electronic device may not be the optimal solution to improving audio quality and providing temperature control. Nonetheless, there remains a need and desire to allow for improvements to the audio quality generated by such relatively small speakers; and, in the case of smart speakers with additional heat generating electronic components, there remains a need and desire to allow for improvements to the audio quality and cooling of the small electronic device. In light of the foregoing, an audio generating electronic device with an integrated speaker manifold, which includes both an amplification chamber for low end frequency emitted by the electronic device and a duct for passive cooling of an electronic device component vis speaker driven airflow from the amplification chamber, is desired. Also, a method of using a speaker manifold that exhibits both low frequency audio enhancement and internal electrical component cooling is also desired. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One or more of the above-identified needs are met by a passively cooled speaker integrated electronic device including a casing defining an interior with a housing disposed within the interior of the casing. The housing has an outer wall defining a housing interior. A speaker is at received within the housing interior and includes a diaphragm that extends through a void in the outer wall of the housing. An air flow channel extends from an inlet in fluid communication with the housing interior to an outlet in fluid communication with the interior of the casing. An electronic component located within the interior of the casing is configured to receive air flow from the outlet in response to movement of the diaphragm during speaker activation. In one embodiment, the electronic component has a first operating temperature in the absence of speaker activation and a second operating temperature when receiving air flow from the outlet in response to movement of the diaphragm during speaker activation, that is between 1° and 6° Celsius less than the first operating temperature. In one embodiment, the air flow at the outlet in response to movement of the diaphragm during speaker activation has a velocity of between 6 meters per second and 14 meters per second. In one embodiment, the housing interior is a resonance chamber configured to increase a sound pressure level output of frequencies between 20 Hz and 250 Hz from the electronic device during speaker activation. In one embodiment, the electronic device is a wireless router. In one embodiment, the electronic device is a smart speaker including a voice-activated virtual assistant In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a passively cooled speaker integrated wireless router is provided including an outer housing defining an interior with an inner housing disposed within the interior of the outer housing. The inner housing has a wall defining a resonance chamber. At least one speaker is at received within the resonance chamber and includes a diaphragm that extends through at least one void in the wall of the inner housing. An air flow channel extends from an inlet in fluid communication with the resonance chamber to an outlet in fluid communication with the interior of the outer housing. A circuit board, including a wireless local area network circuit is located within the interior of the casing and is configured to receive air flow from the outlet in response to movement of the diaphragm during speaker activation. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method of passively cooling a speaker integrated electronic device is provided, where the device comprises a casing having an interior, a housing disposed within the interior having an outer wall defining a housing interior, a speaker driver disposed within the housing interior having a diaphragm that extends outwardly from the driver through a void in the outer wall of the housing, an air flow channel extending from an inlet in fluid communication with the housing interior to an outlet in fluid communication with the interior of the casing, and an electronic component located within the interior of the casing. Subsequent actions include providing an electrical signal to the speaker driver to active the diaphragm, thereby moving the diaphragm to push air within housing interior and create an air flow and directing the air flow from the inlet to the outlet through the air flow chamber. The method further includes expelling the air flow from the outlet into the interior of the casing at a velocity of less than 14 meters per second; and decreasing an operating temperature of the electronic component between 1° and 6° Celsius upon receiving the air flow in the interior of the casing, as compared to an operating temperature in the absence of speaker driver activation. In one embodiment, the method further includes reverberating the sound wave within the housing interior to generate a secondary output from the speaker integrated electronic device, wherein the secondary output has a sound pressure level output of between 1 to 10 dB when the frequency of the sound wave is between 20 Hz and 250 Hz. These and other objects, advantages, and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and accompanying drawings, while indicating preferred embodiments of the present invention, are given by way of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such modifications.

11268192

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2018-0071793, filed on Jun. 22, 2018, in the Korean intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 1. Technical Field Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to a thin film processing apparatus, and more particularly, to a thin film processing method. 2. Discussion of Related Art Various types of display devices have been developed, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) and an organic light emitting display (OLED). Among display devices, a liquid crystal display device, which is one of the most widely used flat panel display devices, may include two substrates including electric field generating electrodes such as a pixel electrode and a common electrode and a liquid crystal layer disposed therebetween. In the liquid crystal display device, a voltage may be applied to the electric field generating electrodes to form an electric field in the liquid crystal layer, so that the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is determined, and the polarization of incident light is controlled, thus displaying an image. Among display devices, an organic light emitting display device may display an image using an organic light emitting element that emits light by recombination of electrons and holes. The organic light emitting display device may have relatively high response speed, relatively high luminance and a relatively wide viewing angle, while also having relatively low power consumption. As a method of manufacturing a display device, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method may be used. However, thermal deformation of a display may occur in CVD. SUMMARY An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a thin film processing apparatus including a shower head in which an occurrence of thermal deformation in a display device is reduced or eliminated. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a thin film processing method in which an occurrence of defects in a display device resulting from thermal deformation is reduced or eliminated. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a deposition apparatus capable of forming a metal oxide film having a relatively high dielectric constant. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a thin film processing apparatus includes a susceptor and a showerhead facing the susceptor. The showerhead includes a first plate including an inner tunnel, a first injection hole, and a second injection hole. The first injection hole penetrates a first surface and a second surface of the first plate on opposite sides of the first plate in a direction orthogonal to the first surface of the first plate. The inner tunnel extends across the first plate in the direction orthogonal to the first surface of the first plate. The second injection hole penetrates the second surface of the first plate. The second injection is connected with the inner tunnel. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a thin film processing apparatus includes a susceptor and a showerhead facing the susceptor. The showerhead includes a first plate including an inner tunnel extending in a thickness direction of the first plate. A second plate faces the first plate. The second plate defines a diffusion space between the first plate and the second plate. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a thin film processing method includes providing a thin film processing apparatus. The thin film process apparatus includes a susceptor and a showerhead facing the susceptor. The showerhead includes a first plate including an inner tunnel, a first injection hole, and a second injection hole. The first plate is formed of a single plate. A second plate faces the first plate. The second plate defines a diffusion space between the first plate and the second plate. The inner tunnel extends in a thickness direction across the first plate. The first injection hole penetrates a first surface and a second surface of the first plate. The second injection hole penetrates the second surface of the first plate from the inner tunnel in the thickness direction. The method includes injecting a first reaction gas and a second reaction gas into a reaction space between the susceptor and the showerhead through the showerhead. The first reaction gas and the second reaction gas do not come into contact with each other in the showerhead. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a showerhead of a thin film processing apparatus includes a first plate, a second plate spaced apart from the first plate, and an edge sidewall connecting the first plate with the second plate. A first gas supply unit is connected with a diffusion space defined between the first plate, the second plate and the edge sidewall. The diffusion space is connected with a first injection hole. A second gas supply unit includes a connecting pipe passing through the diffusion space. The connecting pipe is connected with a second injection hole spaced apart from the first injection hole. The connecting pipe is isolated from the diffusion space.

11423912

CLAIM OF PRIORITY This application is a National Phase Entry of PCT International Application No. PCT/KR2018/014970, which was filed on Nov. 30, 2018 and claims a priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2017-0162602, which was filed on Nov. 30, 2017, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD Various embodiments of the disclosure relate to an apparatus and a method for processing an audio signal by using a setting related to a volume of the audio signal in an electronic device. BACKGROUND ART With the enhancement of information and communication technology and semiconductor technology, electronic devices may provide various functions such as a broadcasting function, an audio output function, a wireless Internet function, a camera function, a user authentication function, or an electronic payment function. As user demand for listening to high-quality sound sources increases, electronic devices may provide an audio module capable of reproducing high-quality sound sources. DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Technical Problem An electronic device may increase a bit number for quantization of an audio signal in order to provide a high-quality sound source through an audio module. However, due to the increase of the bit number for quantization of the audio signal, a load and current consumption of the electronic device may increase and stability of the system of the electronic device may be reduced. Various embodiments of the disclosure may provide an apparatus and a method for processing an audio signal by using a setting related to a volume of the audio signal in an electronic device. Solution to Problem According to various embodiments of the disclosure, an electronic device may include a sound output device and a processor, and the processor may be configured to: identify a setting related to a volume of an audio signal to be outputted by using the sound output device; when the setting related to the volume falls into a first designated range, process the audio signal in a state where a range of the volume is set to have a first resolution; when the setting related to the volume falls into a second designated range, process the audio signal in a state where the range of the volume is set to have a second resolution; and output the audio signal which is processed in the state where the range of the volume is set to have one corresponding resolution of the first resolution and the second resolution by using the sound output device. According to various embodiments of the disclosure, an operating method of an electronic device may include: identifying a setting related to a volume of an audio signal to be outputted by using a sound output device; when the setting related to the volume falls into a first designated range, processing the audio signal in a state where a range of the volume is set to have a first resolution; when the setting related to the volume falls into a second designated range, processing the audio signal in a state where the range of the volume is set to have a second resolution; and outputting the audio signal which is processed in the state where the range of the volume is set to have one corresponding resolution of the first resolution and the second resolution by using the sound output device. According to various embodiments of the disclosure, a computer readable recording medium may have a program recorded thereon to perform a method including: identifying a setting related to a volume of an audio signal to be outputted by using a sound output device; when the setting related to the volume falls into a first designated range, processing the audio signal in a state where a range of the volume is set to have a first resolution; when the setting related to the volume falls into a second designated range, processing the audio signal in a state where the range of the volume is set to have a second resolution; and outputting the audio signal which is processed in the state where the range of the volume is set to have one corresponding resolution of the first resolution and the second resolution by using the sound output device. Advantageous Effects of Invention An electronic device and an operating method thereof according to various embodiments of the disclosure can provide a high-quality sound source to a user and can reduce current consumption of a battery, by increasing a resolution for processing an audio signal only in a range where a user easily recognizes a noise in a setting related to a volume.

11319794

FIELD The present document relates to the field of instrumentation that may be applied to pumpjacks, such as those often used on oil wells, and to the use of such instrumentation to analyze performance of the well, the well pump, and the pumpjack. In embodiments, in addition to recording data for other analysis, an enhanced “surface card” is generated showing sucker-rod load plotted against displacement, along with sucker-rod rotation and torque. BACKGROUND Many oil wells lack sufficient down-hole pressure to force adequate oil to the surface. These oil wells profit from having oil mechanically pumped. Many components of pumpjacks are under considerable stress, move frequently, and are subject to significant wear. For example, the saddle bearing bears weight of the walking beam, sucker rod, polished rod, and counterweights, plus forces due to weight of oil in the tubing, rotates as the walking beam reciprocates, and thus can wear. Other components may also wear, including the motor, gearbox, polished rod, stuffing box, wrist pin, the pump piston and cylinder, and—particularly if sand gets into oil of the well—valves and checkvalves of the pump and tubing. Further, oil levels in the well may change over time and as oil is pumped, altering stresses on all these components. SUMMARY We have found that electronically monitoring stresses and vibrations of pumpjack components, including stress on the polished rod, can give early warning of pumpjack and pump failure, permitting maintenance and repair before these components break. Monitoring results may be presented in “augmented surface card” form, including a plot of polished-rod axial load versus displacement, augmented with polished-rod rotation and torque. Monitoring and early repair may also reduce production loss due to pumpjack downtime, and energy waste from pumping despite low oil levels in the well. A pumpjack monitor includes a processor and memory, a communicator for communicating with other monitoring devices and a server, a sensor module having at least a strain gauge and accelerometers for determining vibration and position of the monitor, the server having code to generate surface cards. Other sensors may be provided either externally or internally, including sensors for polished-rod rotation, and linked to the monitoring device by digital wireless communications. Some embodiments may serve as network hubs or bridges for other monitoring devices. A method for monitoring of pumpjacks uses the monitor attached to pumpjacks to sense changes in pumpjack parameters, and communicating the changes to a server when the changes exceed configurable thresholds. Some embodiments include determining location with GPS and/or relaying signals from other monitoring devices, smart power management, gas sensing, and relaying of signals from external wireless-equipped sensors such as valve position sensors, oil level sensors, and pressure sensors. In an embodiment, a polished-rod dynamometer has at least one accelerometer adapted to measure acceleration and vibration of the polished rod, a strain gauge adapted to measure axial load on the polished rod, and a processor adapted by firmware to double-integrate polished-rod acceleration to determine polished-rod position in a pumpjack cycle and to record vibration and tension change on the polished rod relative to polished-rod position. An intelligent equipment monitor includes a processor and memory, a communicator for communicating with other monitoring devices and a server, and a sensor module having at least a strain gauge and an accelerometer. In a particular embodiment, the strain gauge is adapted to measure axial load on a polished rod of a pumpjack, and the accelerometer or an inclinometer is adapted to indicate displacement of the operating rod. Other sensors may be provided, including gas monitoring sensors and temperature sensors linked to the monitoring device by short-range digital radio. Some embodiments may serve as network hubs or bridges for other monitoring devices. Some embodiments are integrated with an oil-well pumpjack. A particular embodiment is a polished-rod dynamometer configured for attachment to a polished rod of a pumpjack, and includes accelerometers adapted to measure acceleration and vibration of the polished rod as well as a strain gauge adapted to measure forces on the polished rod. The polished-rod dynamometer double-integrates polished-rod acceleration to determine polished-rod position, and records vibration and tension changes on the polished rod relative to the polished-rod position. In particular embodiments, the polished-rod dynamometer is adapted to monitor rotation of the polished rod, and includes gas sensors to verify correct sealing of a stuffing box. In a particular embodiment, monitoring results may be presented in “enhanced augmented surface card” form, including a plot of polished-rod axial load versus displacement, with polished-rod rotation and torque. A method for monitoring of pumpjacks and appurtenances uses the monitoring device attached to a pumpjack to sense changes in parameters of the pumpjack and communicate data from the monitoring device to a server. This may include setting an alarm when data differs from previously recorded data from the same pumpjack by more than a configurable threshold. Some embodiments include determining location with GPS and/or smart power management, gas sensing, and relaying of signals from other monitoring devices and wireless-equipped sensors such as valve position, oil level, and pressure sensors. Some embodiments present monitoring results in “augmented surface card” form, including a plot of polished-rod tension and/or compression versus displacement, along with polished-rod rotation and torque.

11373161

TECHNICAL FIELD This specification relates to the technical field of risk prevention and control, and in particular, relates to a post-paid transaction data processing method and device. BACKGROUND With the development of science and technology, there are more and more users who use c-wallets to conduct buy-now-pay-later transactions. After merchants activate buy-now-pay-later services, they can collect money through third-party e-wallets. Since a user may have many fund channels in an e-wallet, and information may not be communicated between an e-wallet and a merchant, in the buy-now-pay-later mode, the merchant may not determine whether all the fund channels in the user's e-wall et can pay for the purchase of a commodity. A fraudster may use an e-wall et account having little or no money to purchase a buy-now-pay-later service or commodity from a merchant. When the merchant requests deduction from the e-wallet platform, deduction failure may occur. SUMMARY This specification provides a post-paid transaction data processing method and device, which may improve the reliability of risk prevention and control for post-paid transactions, reduce the risk of post-paid transactions, reduce the loss of funds of post-paid transactions, and improve the user experience of post-paid transactions. According to a first aspect of embodiments of this specification, a post-paid transaction data processing method includes: receiving risk search information via a wireless or wired interface, the risk search information including a transaction amount and a transaction user identifier of a post-paid transaction; acquiring, according to the transaction user identifier, a payment channel corresponding to the transaction user identifier; determining a predictive affordable value of the payment channel for the transaction amount based on the payment channel and the transaction amount; and determining a default evaluation result of the post-paid transaction according to the predictive affordable value. According to a second aspect of embodiments of this specification, a post-paid transaction data processing device includes: a processor; and a memory storing instructions executable by the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: receive risk search information via a wireless or wired interface, the risk search information including a transaction amount and a transaction user identifier of a post-paid transaction; acquire, according to the transaction user identifier, a payment channel corresponding to the transaction user identifier; determine a predictive affordable value of the payment channel for the transaction amount based on the payment channel and the transaction amount; and determine a default evaluation result of the post-paid transaction according to the predictive affordable value. According to a third aspect of embodiments of this specification, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a processor of a device, cause the device to perform a post-paid transaction data processing method. The method includes: receiving risk search information via a wireless or wired interface, the risk search information including a transaction amount and a transaction user identifier of a post-paid transaction; acquiring, according to the transaction user identifier, a payment channel corresponding to the transaction user identifier; determining a predictive affordable value of the payment channel for the transaction amount based on the payment channel and the transaction amount; and determining a default evaluation result of the post-paid transaction according to the predictive affordable value. With the post-paid transaction data processing method and device, processing apparatus, and server provided in this specification, before a post-paid transaction is concluded, an analysis is performed on a payment channel of a transaction user of the post-paid transaction to determine a predictive affordable value of the payment channel for a transaction amount; and a default evaluation result of whether an account of the transaction user can afford the transaction amount of the post-paid transaction is determined according to the predictive affordable value of the payment channel. By performing a prediction analysis of payment possibility based on a payment channel, the accuracy and precision of default prediction for a post-paid transaction are improved, the reliability of risk prevention and control for a post-paid transaction is improved, the risk of a post-paid transaction is reduced, the loss of funds of a post-paid transaction is reduced, and the user experience of a post-paid transaction is improved.

11412045

TECHNICAL FIELD The following disclosure relates to systems and methods for authenticating electronic devices with a network based on presence, and more particularly, for initiating the authentication process without interaction between electronic devices and users thereof. BACKGROUND Generally, electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, smart watches, and/or the like) are capable of automatically or manually connecting to a plurality of different wireless networks. Access to these wireless networks is typically regulated by an authentication server, such as an authentication, authorization, and accounting server (a AAA). These AAAs may ensure that only authenticated electronic devices are allowed to access the wireless network. For example, many electronic devices rely on SIM cards to configure the phone to communicate over a particular wireless network. If the electronic device contains a SIM card not associated with a service plan on the particular wireless network (i.e., the owner purchased the SIM card without a service plan), the AAA may prevent the electronic device from utilizing the wireless network. Individuals may carry electronic devices to locations in which the only wireless network is one offered by an operator or service provider other than the one with which an individual has a preexisting relationship. For example, the operator of wireless networks on-board many types of vehicles are not provided by nationwide, terrestrial network operators. In these scenarios, individuals may need access to the on-board wireless networks for limited period of time (e.g., the duration of a trip). Thus, authentication for these on-board wireless networks may be negotiated when the individual is located in a vehicle equipped with such an on-board wireless network. Traditionally, the individual is required to actively attempt to utilize the on-board wireless network to begin authentication process. However, in situations where the individual is unaware that the vehicle is equipped with an on-board wireless network, the individual may never attempt to utilize the network. Moreover, many on-board wireless networks may provide a plurality of different communication services (e.g., voice, SMS, SMS over Wi-Fi, VOIP, VPN, IM, etc.). Accordingly, even if an individual is aware of the on-board wireless network, the individual may be unaware of the extent that their electronic devices are capable of utilizing the on-board wireless network. Accordingly, there is a need to initiate the authentication process without waiting for the individual to first attempt to utilize the on-board wireless network. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE In one embodiment, a method of authenticating an electronic device with a wireless network associated with a vehicle is provided. The method may include (1) detecting, by an authentication server, a registration request, the registration request being automatically transmitted by the electronic device in response to the electronic device detecting the presence of the wireless network; (2) in response to detecting the registration request, transmitting, via the wireless network, a challenge, the challenge including (i) an indication of an expected sequence of symbols and (ii) an indication of a first feature of the wireless network; (3) detecting, at the authentication server, a response to the challenge, the response including an indication of user input received by the electronic device; (4) determining, by the authentication server, that the user input matches the expected sequence of symbols; and (5) causing, by the authentication server, the electronic device to be authorized to utilize a first feature of the wireless network. In another embodiment, a system for authenticating an electronic device with a wireless network associated with a vehicle is provided. The system may include (i) one or more processors; and (ii) one or more non-transitory, computer-readable storage media storing computer-executable instructions. The instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to (1) detect a registration attempt by the electronic device, the registration attempt initiated in response to the electronic device detecting the presence of the wireless network; (2) in response to detecting the registration attempt, transmit, via the wireless network, a challenge, the challenge including an indication of an access code associated with a first feature of the wireless network; (3) detect a response to the challenge, the response including an indication of user input received by the electronic device; (4) determine that the user input matches the access code; and (5) update a profile associated with the electronic device to authorize the electronic device to utilize the first feature of the wireless network. In yet another embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing processor-executable instructions, that when executed cause one or more processors to (1) detect a registration request automatically transmitted by an electronic device in response to the electronic device detecting the presence of a wireless network associated with a vehicle; (2) in response to detecting the registration request, transmit, via the wireless network, a challenge, the challenge including an indication of an expected sequence of symbols; (3) detect a response to the challenge, the response including an indication of user input received by the electronic device; (4) determining that the user input matches the expected sequence of symbols; and (5) cause the electronic device to be authorized to utilize a first feature of the wireless network.

11390549

BACKGROUND Field of Invention The present invention relates generally to filter presses and more specifically to manual filter presses and methods of operating same. Discussion of Related Art An industrial filter press is a tool used to separate solids and liquids. In use, slurry including a liquid and solids to be separated from the slurry are introduced into separating chambers defined between frames of the filter press. For each of the individual separating chambers, there is one hollow filter frame separated from two filter plates by filter media, for example, cloth, paper, or other water permeable material. Pressure is applied to the slurry within the filter press, for example, by a slurry pump. The pressure forces liquid in the slurry through the filter media disposed against surfaces of the frames and into liquid conduits within bodies of the hollow filter frames that drain the liquid out of the filter press. The retained solids (also referred to as filter cake) are removed from the filter press by separating the frames and removing the retained solids from surfaces of the filter media. SUMMARY OF INVENTION According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a filter press. The filter press comprises a plurality of filter plates, a hydraulic cylinder; a follower plate through which the hydraulic cylinder is configured to apply pressure to the plurality of filter plates, and a spacer rod configured to transfer force from the hydraulic cylinder to the follower plate. The spacer rod is coupled to the follower plate by a moveable support that is displaceable between a home position in which the spacer rod is aligned with the hydraulic cylinder and a disengaged position in which the spacer rod is unaligned with the hydraulic cylinder. In some embodiments, the moveable support comprises a swing arm coupled to the follower plate by a pivot. The swing arm may be configured to move the spacer rod through a plane defined by a face of the follower plate. In some embodiments, the filter press further comprises an extension rod mounted in alignment with the hydraulic cylinder. The spacer rod may be aligned with the extension rod and disposed between the extension rod and the follower plate when the swing arm is disposed in the home position. The extension rod may be supported by one or more carrier plates. The spacer rod may be unaligned with the extension rod and disposed in a position above a one of the one or more carrier plates most proximate the follower plate when the swing arm is disposed in the disengaged position. In some embodiments, the filter press further comprises a handle disposed on an opposite end of the swing arm from the spacer rod. In some embodiments, the moveable support includes a retention element configured to hold the moveable support in at least one of the home position and the disengaged position. In some embodiments, the moveable support comprises a slider plate configured to displace the spacer rod relative to the hydraulic cylinder. In some embodiments, the moveable support comprises a hinge plate hingedly coupled to the follower plate. In some embodiments, the filter press further comprises a manually operated hand pump configured to pressurize the hydraulic cylinder. In accordance with another embodiment, there is provided a method of operating a filter press. The method comprises moving a plurality of filter plates of the filter press along rails of the filter press and into contact with one another and against a stationary head on one side of the plurality of filter plates, moving a follower plate into contact with an end filter plate on an opposite side of the plurality of filter plates from the stationary head, moving a spacer rod from a disengaged position in which the spacer rod is unaligned with a hydraulic piston of the filter press into a home position between the follower plate and the hydraulic piston, applying pressure to the follower plate by the hydraulic piston though the spacer rod, and introducing slurry to be filtered into filter chambers defined between adjacent filter plates. In some embodiments, the method further comprises locking the moveable support into the home position prior to introducing the slurry into the filter chambers. In some embodiments, the method further comprises depressurizing the hydraulic piston, moving the spacer rod into the disengaged position, and displacing the follower plate along the rails away from the end plate. In some embodiments, moving the spacer rod comprises rotating a swing arm upon which the spacer rod is mounted about a pivot on the follower plate. In some embodiments, the method further comprises locking the spacer rod in the disengaged position prior to displacing the follower plate along the rails away from the end plate. In some embodiments, the method further comprises applying the pressure though an extension rod disposed between the hydraulic piston and the spacer rod. In some embodiments, the method further comprises moving the spacer rod into the disengaged position and displacing the follower plate along the rails away from the end plate into a position in which the spacer rod is disposed above a carrier plate supporting the extension rod on the rails of the filter press. In some embodiments, applying pressure to the follower plate by the hydraulic piston includes pressurizing the hydraulic piston with a hand pump until the hydraulic piston extends between about four inches from an unpressurized position. In some embodiments, the method further comprises displacing the spacer rod into the disengaged position by displacing a slide plate coupled to the follower plate in one of a vertical and a horizontal direction along a surface of the follower plate. In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a method of retrofitting a manual filter press. The method comprises mounting a spacer rod configured to transfer force from a hydraulic cylinder to a follower plate of the filter press on the follower plate. In some embodiments, the method further comprises mounting the spacer rod on a moveable support that is displaceable between a home position in which the spacer rod is aligned with the hydraulic cylinder and a disengaged position in which the spacer rod is unaligned with the hydraulic cylinder.

11445728

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure herein relates to an application method of silicon quantum dots for controlling corn armyworm, belonging to the technical field of nano-agricultural technology for crop pest control. BACKGROUND Mythimna separata, belonging to Lepidoptera Noctuidae, is a typical seasonal long-distance migratory pest. It is also a major pest on food crops in China and other Asian and Australian countries. It has the characteristics of wide occurrence range, many generations of hazards, many kinds and organizations of damaged crops, heavy yield loss and long occurrence history of damage. At present, chemical pesticides are still the main means of controlling armyworm in China, but the negative effects of unscientific application of traditional pesticides on the ecological environment, human health and biodiversity are becoming increasingly prominent. For example, the extensive use of chemical pesticides has caused serious pollution to the air, soil and water body, led to the death of non-target organisms, continued increase of drug resistance of pests, and excessive pesticide residues threatening food safety and so on. Therefore, it is of great significance for the green control of armyworm to develop high activity and environmentally-friendly pest control measures. Silicon, its content in the earth's crust is second after oxygen, is a relatively inert and environmentally-friendly plant beneficial element. Particularly, it plays an important role in improving the resistance of plants to a series of abiotic (drought, salt, heavy metal, low temperature and the like) and biotic (pest) stresses. At present, the slowly released soluble silicon in a large amount of farmland soils in China can no longer meet the silicon demand of crops (e.g., rice, corn and other silicophilic plants), which has seriously restricted the high and stable yield of farmland crops. In order to improve crop yield and resistance against stress, the amount of traditional silicate fertilizer is continuously increased in agricultural production, which further aggravates the soil hardening, soil structure destruction and fertility decline. In 1959, physicist Richard Feynman proposed the concept of nanotechnology, which attracted the attention of experts and scholars all over the world. Nanotechnology is widely used in many fields. Among them, nano-pesticide is one of the directions for the effective application of nanotechnology in agriculture. Compared with conventional pesticides, nano-pesticides have larger surface area and biocompatibility, making them have significant advantages in the efficient control of agricultural pests. The results showed that the nano-silver modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone can effectively inhibit the growth of larvae and pupae of Lepidoptera pestSpodoptera litura. Nickel nanoparticles can effectively kill 93% of adult bean beetles. Although metal nanoparticles have a high insecticidal effect, the release of large doses of metal-based nanoparticles (e.g., nano-silver and nano-copper) into the environment will also lead to the toxicity of heavy metals, and eventually cause the risk of environmental pollution. SUMMARY In order to solve at least one of the above problems, the present disclosure applies silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) to the control of corn armyworm and establishes an optimal control system of corn armyworm. The application process of the present disclosure is simple and easy to operate. The first objective of the present disclosure is to provide an application method of Si QDs for controlling corn armyworm, which includes the following steps of: preparing the Si QDs into an aqueous solution of the Si QDs, and then applying the aqueous solution to the roots or leaves of plants as plant fertilizer. In one example of the present disclosure, the concentration of the aqueous solution of the Si QDs is 10-150 mg/L. In one example of the present disclosure, the size of the Si QDs is 3-8 nm. In one example of the present disclosure, the concentration of the aqueous solution of Si QDs applied to the roots is 50 mg/L; the volume of the aqueous solution of Si QDs sprayed on the roots is 200 mL/plant. In one example of the present disclosure, the concentration of the aqueous solution of the Si QDs sprayed on a leaf surface is 50-150 mg/L; the volume of the aqueous solution of the Si QDs sprayed on the leaf surface was 20 mL/plant. In one example of the present disclosure, the period of application is a three-leaf and one-heart stage of the plant. In one example of the present disclosure, the plant is corn. In one example of the present disclosure, the preparation method of the Si QDs is as follows. N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropylmethyl dimethoxysilane, ascorbic acid and water are weighed and uniformly mixed, and then reacted in a water bath at 70-90° C. for 7-10 hours. After the reaction is completed, dialysis, centrifugation and dry is performed to obtain the Si QDs. In one example of the present disclosure, the ratio of N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropylmethyl dimethoxysilane, ascorbic acid and water in the preparation method of the Si QDs is 1-3 mL: 2-3 g: 7-9 mL. In one example of the present disclosure, the reaction process in the preparation method of the Si QDs needs continuous stirring. In one example of the present disclosure, in the preparation method of the Si QDs, the dialysis is performed by using a dialysis bag (1 kDa, molecular weight cut-off), to remove excess reactants. In one example of the present disclosure, in the preparation method of the Si QDs, the centrifugation is performed at 4° C. and 10000 r/min for 20 min. The present disclosure has the beneficial effects that: (1) after the silicon is subjected to nanocrystallization, the present disclosure not only improves the effect of the conventional silicon fertilizer on the stress resistance of plants, but also directly improves the direct insecticidal effect of the nano-silicon and improves the chemical defense capability of plants. The optimal spraying amount of the Si QDs is determined through the growth and development experiment of spraying the Si QDs with different concentrations on the armyworm, and compared with the traditional pesticide control method, the control method of can effectively avoid the accidental killing of non-target insects and environmental pollution. (2) the Si QDs adopted by the present disclosure can be used as exogenous abiotic elicitors of plant to induce the metabolism and synthesis of the plant insect-resistant phenolic substance, improve the content of total phenolics and chlorogenic acid of the insect-resistant substances in the leaves and further inhibit the invasion and growth of armyworm. (3) in the present disclosure, the Si QDs are applied on the corn plants, so that the content of insect-resistant substances chlorogenic acid in the corn leaves is remarkably improved to be 33.3% and above and can be up to 70.3%; the content of the total phenolics in the corn leaves is increased, and can reach 53.5% and above; growth of the armyworm is inhibited to be 21.8% and above; and net photosynthesis of the corn leaves is increased by up to 38.6%, and the biomass of aboveground part of the corn is increased by 40%.

11223777

BACKGROUND Semiconductor light-emitting devices including light emitting diodes (LEDs), resonant cavity light emitting diodes (RCLEDs), vertical cavity laser diodes (VCSELs), and edge emitting lasers are among the most efficient light sources currently available. Material systems currently of interest for manufacturing of high-brightness light emitting devices capable of operation across the visible spectrum include Group III-V semiconductors, particularly binary, ternary, and quaternary alloys of gallium, aluminum, indium, and nitrogen, also referred to as III-nitride materials. Typically, III-nitride light emitting devices are fabricated by epitaxially growing a stack of semiconductor layers of different compositions and dopant concentrations on a sapphire, silicon carbide, HI-nitride, or other suitable substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), or other epitaxial techniques. The stack often includes one or more n-type layers doped with, for example, Si, formed over the substrate, one or more light emitting layers in an active region formed over the n-type layer or layers, and one or more p-type layers doped with, for example, Mg, formed over the active region. Electrical contacts are formed on the n- and p-type regions. Due to their compact size and low power requirements, semiconductor light-emitting devices are attractive candidates for light sources such as camera flashes for hand-held, battery-powered devices, such as cameras and cell phones. SUMMARY According to embodiments of the invention, a light source is provided which may be used, for example, as a flash for a camera, or for any other suitable use. The light source is configured such that the illumination pattern emitted by the light source may be altered. For example, when used as a camera flash, for a given scene in the field of view of the camera, the light source may provide more light to parts of the scene that are not well lit by ambient light, and less light to parts of the scene that are well lit by ambient light.

11295759

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a testing and measurement apparatus and method, and particularly to a testing and measurement apparatus and method for measuring and testing the distortion and muffling caused by a face mask. 2. Description of the Related Technology Face masks (or “masks”) are any protective coverings that cover the mouth and nose of the user. Other types of face masks additionally cover the eyes, or just the nose and eyes. There are a number of situations in which it is necessary to filter the air entering or exiting the mouth and nose. Accordingly, there are a number of different kinds of face masks, depending on the application. One type of face mask is the respirator, also known as a “mechanical filter respirator,” “filtering facepiece respirator,” “surgical/medical/healthcare respirator” and the like (all herein referred to as “respirators”). Respirators are designed to protect the user from inhaling hazardous atmospheres, including airborne pathogens, fumes, vapours, gases, or any particulate matter (such as dusts). One common respirator is the N95 mask, meets the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) N95 classification of air filtration, meaning that it filters at least 95% of airborne particles (particulate matter). The N95 mask requires a fine mesh of synthetic polymer fibers, specifically a nonwoven polypropylene fabric, and is produced by melt blowing and forms the inner filtration layer that filters out hazardous particles. Respirators, such as N95 respirators are common for industrial use, such as N95 respirators that were originally designed for industrial use in sectors such as mining, construction, painting, and nanotechnology. Respirators are also common in healthcare. In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires healthcare workers performing activities with those suspected or confirmed to be infected with COVID-19 to wear respiratory protection, such as an N95 respirator, and the CDC recommends the use of respirators with at least N95 certification to protect the wearer from inhalation of infectious particles includingMycobacterium tuberculosis, avian influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), pandemic influenza, and Ebola. Another type of face mask is the surgical mask. A surgical mask is a loose-fitting, disposable device that creates a physical barrier between the mouth and nose of the wearer and potential contaminants in the immediate environment. If worn properly, a surgical mask is meant to help block large-particle droplets, splashes, sprays, or splatter that may contain viruses and bacteria. Surgical masks may also help reduce exposure of the wearer's saliva and respiratory secretions to others. Another type of mask is the cloth face mask. Cloth face masks are made of common fabrics, textiles, usually cotton, worn over the mouth and nose. Although they are less effective than surgical masks or N95 masks, they are used by the general public in household and community settings as perceived protection against both infectious diseases and particulate air pollution. For these reasons, cloth face masks are generally recommended by public health agencies only for disease source control in epidemic situations. Cloth masks may be made from materials as simple as cotton, and may be fashioned from common clothing materials, such as from a shirt or bandana. Cloth masks may also be formed of polymers for more specific applications. Another type of face mask is the self-contained breathing apparatus (“SCBA”), which are worn to provide breathable air in an atmosphere that is immediately dangerous to life or health atmosphere. These face masks are most often worn by firefighters, in industry, in underwater uses, and other applications. SCBAs designed for underwater use are typically referred to as designed for use under water, it is also known as a SCUBA (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) masks. The term “SCBA” as used here includes “SCUBA,” unless otherwise noted. The term “self-contained” means that the SCBA is not dependent on a remote supply of breathing gas (e.g., through a long hose). Instead, SCBAs typically have three components: a high-pressure tank, a pressure regulator, and a face mask. While the term “SCBA” would typically refer to the system comprising face mask, high-pressure tank, and pressure regulator, the terms as used here refer to only the face mask, and the terms “SCBA set” refers to the complete system. SCBA sets fall into one of two categories: open-circuit or closed-circuit. Open-circuit SCBA sets are filled with filtered, compressed air, rather than pure oxygen. Typical open-circuit systems have two regulators; a first stage to reduce the pressure of air to allow it to be carried to the mask, and a second stage regulator to reduce it even further to a level just above standard atmospheric pressure. This air is then fed to the mask via either a demand valve (activating only on inhalation) or a continuous positive pressure valve (providing constant airflow to the mask). Open-circuit SCUBA sets allow the diver to inhale from the equipment, and all the exhaled gas is exhausted to the surrounding water. This type of equipment is relatively simple, economical and reliable. The closed-circuit type, also known as a rebreather, operates by filtering, supplementing, and recirculating exhaled gas. It is used when a longer-duration supply of breathing gas is needed, such as in mine rescue and in long tunnels, and going through passages too narrow for a big open-circuit air cylinder. Closed-circuit (or semi-closed circuit) SCUBA sets allow the diver to inhale from the set, and exhales back into the set, where the exhaled gas is processed to make it fit to breathe again. This equipment is efficient and quiet. Regardless of the type, SCBAs are typically “fullface masks” which are also known as “fullface respirators.” Fullface masks cover the entire face or substantially the entire face. Fullface masks are used when the hazard can penetrate through or irritate skin or eyes, such as common in firefighting, several industries requiring the use of hazardous chemicals, toxic cleanup, military, and underwater diving. SCBAs are typically “hard-walled,” e.g., made from a plastic, rubber, soft silicone, tempered glass, or the like. SCBAs for firefighting applications are additionally confined to heat-resistant materials. Other types of face masks include oxygen masks (a piece of medical equipment that assists breathing by providing a method to transfer breathing oxygen gas from a storage tank to the lungs), anesthetic masks, dust masks, burn masks (a piece of medical equipment that protects the burn tissue from contact with other surfaces, and minimizes the risk of infection), masks that protect against weather (such as ski masks), face shields, protective masks (as worn by law enforcement and military personnel), gas masks, and welding masks. The above described masks are not an exhaustive list and is provided for illustrative purposes only. Other types of masks, including combinations and variations of the above described masks, are commonly known and are equally applicable to the present invention. Face masks allow varying amounts of air to pass through the wall of the mask. Face masks that allow little to no air to pass (for example, SCBAs and gas masks, in the extreme case) often include a ventilation valve, also commonly referred to as an exhalation valve, ventilation hole, voice or speaking diaphragm, or the like. This is because the face mask does not allow enough air to pass through the mask wall to allow the user to breathe sufficiently. A filter is often included within the ventilation valve. As used herein, the term ventilation valve means any valve, hole, opening, or the like, that allows the user to better breathe (either exhaling, inhaling, or both). As described herein, the term “air impervious” is used to refer to a face mask wall material that allows little to no air to pass and therefore requires a ventilation valve. Such materials include, but are not limited to, rubbers and hard plastics. Of course, a material may be air impervious and not require a ventilation valve if the mask wall is not tight-fitting or otherwise allows air to pass around the edges of the face mask wall. For example, a loose-fitting mask will usually allow sufficient intake of air such that a ventilation valve is not needed, even when an air impervious mask wall material is used. As another example, face shields provide another exception because the chamber formed by face shields typically allow air to pass around the edges of the face shield wall (face shields typically provide protection from airborne pathogens despite allowing air to pass around its perimeter by providing fullface protection). Thus, face shield walls are typically comprised of an air impervious material (such as a hard plastic), and yet do not usually require a ventilator. The term “air transmissive” is used to refer to a face mask wall material that does not require a ventilation valve for the user to sufficiently breathe because the material of the mask wall sufficiently allows air to pass. For example, N95 respirators and face masks made of textiles are non-limiting example of materials that allow air to pass through the face mask wall. One common problem associated with face masks is that they distort and muffle the speech of the user. This distortion and muffling can reduce the ability of the user to communicate. For example, healthcare workers are often required to effectively communicate and wear a face mask simultaneously. Healthcare workers may be hindered in performing their duties if they are not effectively able to communicate, and personnel in other industries are similarly affected. Furthermore, outbreaks of airborne pathogens may cause governmental bodies to mandate or require people to wear face masks in public. Employers may also implement such measures. In these cases, large numbers of people may be communicating while wearing face masks, such as at work, restaurants, retail stores, on public transportation, and at public and private events or gatherings, for example. In these situations, it is common for the speech distortion of the face masks to cause the wearer to remove the face mask while speaking, eliminating the purpose of the face mask by allowing unfiltered air to enter and exit the mouth of the user, potentially worsening the spread of the pathogen. Recently, the effect of face masks on speech was quantified for several face masks used by heathcare workers. See Palmiero, Andrew J., et al. “Speech Intelligibility Assessment of Protective Facemasks and Air-Purifying Respirators.”Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, vol. 13, no. 12, 2016, pp. 960-968. This study measured speech intelligibility (“SI”), which is the perceived quality of sound transmission, with users wearing a face mask. The results showed that all face masks exhibited SI interference. For example, N95 face masks (for example, the 3M 1870 and 3M 1860) showed SI interference typically differing from baseline by 13% and 17%, respectively, for models tested. In many applications of face masks, distortion and muffling of the speech caused by the presence of the face mask can have a significant deleterious effect on speech intelligibility. See Radonovich, Lewis J., et al. “Diminished Speech Intelligibility Associated with Certain Types of Respirators Worn by Healthcare Workers.”Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, vol. 7, no. 1, 2009, pp. 63-70. Thus, there is a need for a testing and measurement apparatus and method for measuring the distortion and muffling caused by a face mask. In particular, due to the variability of solutions based on a persons' qualitative assessment of speech intelligibility (“SI”), there is a need for a quantitative testing and measurement apparatus and method for measuring the distortion and muffling caused by a face mask. It is an object of this invention to provide a method and apparatus for objectively measuring the effect of wearing a face mask on the acoustical properties of speech. All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one embodiment, according to an advantageous feature of the invention, a system for measuring the distortion and muffling caused by a face mask, comprises a simulated voice source, configured to produce a sound, a simulated vocal tract, acoustically coupled to the simulated voice source, a face mask, acoustically coupled to the simulated vocal tract, a microphone, configured to produce a signal, and an analyzer, configured to receive the signal from the microphone. In one embodiment, the system can further include a manikin head or other facial structure configured to simulate fitting of the face mask onto a face. The analyzer may further produce a quantitative assessment of the distortion and muffling of the face mask. Such a quantitative assessment of the distortion and muffling of the face mask may be produced by comparing at least one spectrum obtained with the face mask and at least one spectrum obtained without the face mask. The analyzer may further produce a quantitative assessment of the distortion and muffling of the face mask by comparing at least one spectrum obtained with the face mask and a control. The analyzer may also use an inverse filter. In one embodiment, the analyzer may produce a metric of the distortion and muffling of the face mask. The analyzer may further measure at least one of a frequency, amplitude, or bandwidth of a formant. The analyzer may assess the distortion and muffling of the face mask by measuring at least one of a shift in frequency, change in amplitude, or bandwidth damping of a formant. In one example, the analyzer assesses the distortion and muffling of the face mask by measuring at least one of a shift in frequency, change in amplitude, or bandwidth damping of a formant caused by the face mask by providing at least one such measurement with the face mask in place and another such measurement without the face mask in place. The system may further comprise a link between the analyzer and the simulated voice source. In one embodiment, a method for measuring the distortion and muffling caused by a face mask comprises the steps of: producing a sound with a simulated voice source, providing a simulated vocal tract, acoustically coupled to the simulated voice source, providing a face mask, acoustically coupled to the simulated vocal tract, producing a signal with a microphone, and receiving the signal from the microphone with an analyzer. Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention, along with the accompanying drawings in which like numerals represent like components. Moreover, the above objects and advantages of the invention are illustrative, and not exhaustive, of those that can be achieved by the invention. Thus, these and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description herein, both as embodied herein and as modified in view of any variations which will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

11270419

FIELD OF THE TECHNOLOGY The present disclosure relates to the field of computers, and in particular, to augmented reality scenario generation technology. BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE Augmented reality (AR) is a technology of calculating a location and an angle of a camera image in real time and adding a corresponding image, and has an objective of covering the real world with a virtual world on a screen and performing interaction. The AR technology may be applied to various application scenarios, for example, may be applied to an augmented reality game. In an augmented reality game in the related technology, an augmented reality scenario is generated by scanning a particular target, and a virtual object in a gaming process is presented in the augmented reality scenario. For example, the game is an AR card game or an AR Magic Cards game. In most games of this type, playing methods may all be that a card is placed on a desktop, an augmented reality scenario is generated after the card is identified, and a game player may interact with a virtual object in the augmented reality scenario by using a terminal screen. However, the game player needs to keep a terminal pointing to the cards on the desktop at any moment in a gaming process, so that the terminal can display the augmented reality scenario generated based on the card. In the related technology, an augmented reality scenario is generated by scanning a particular target, and therefore a game scenario in an augmented reality game is not rich and does not provide a strong vicarious and presence feeling. SUMMARY Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an augmented reality scenario generation method, apparatus, and system, and can generate an augmented reality scenario based on a reality scenario, so that the generated scenario is richer, and provides an enhanced vicarious and presence feeling. Aspects of the disclosure provide a method, an apparatus and a system for augmented reality. In an example, an apparatus includes an imaging device, processing circuitry and a display device. The imaging device generates a first image of a surrounding environment of the apparatus. The processing circuitry processes first image data of the first image and second image data of a second image to fuse the first image and the second image into a fusion image. The second image includes an object that is not in the surrounding environment. The display device then displays the fusion image. In an embodiment, the imaging device is a camera that takes the first image of the surrounding environment. In another embodiment, the imaging device is a holographic scanner that scans the surrounding environment to generate the first image data of the first image. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry obtains an environment parameter that is indicative of a display mode. Then, the processing circuitry renders the first image according to the display mode to obtain a rendered image and superimposes the rendered image over the second image to obtain the fusion image. In an example, the processing circuitry obtains an environment parameter that is indicative of an infrared mode. In the infrared mode, the processing circuitry converts the first image into a grayscale image. Then, the processing circuitry determines respective first heat values of first pixels in the grayscale image based on first grayscale values of the first pixels in the grayscale image. Further, the processing circuitry performs a first color adjustment on the grayscale image based on the first heat values of the first pixels to obtain a rendered image. The first color adjustment converts a relatively higher heat value to a color of a relatively higher color temperature. In addition, the processing circuitry superimposes the rendered image with the second image to obtain the fusion image. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry scales down the grayscale image based on a scale to obtain a temporary image. Further, the processing circuitry determines respective second heat values of second pixels in the temporary image based on second grayscale values of the second pixels in the temporary image. Then, the processing circuitry performs a second color adjustment on the temporary image based on the second heat values of the second pixels, and scales up the color-adjusted temporary picture based on the scale, to obtain the rendered image. In another example, the processing circuitry obtains an environment parameter that is indicative of a night vision mode. In the night vision mode, the processing circuitry obtains a central pixel of the first image, and calculates distances between pixels in the first image and the central pixel. Further, the processing circuitry sets respective distortion degrees of the pixels based on the distances to obtain a distorted image. The distortion degrees are positively correlated to the distances. Then, the processing circuitry processes the distorted image according to an algorithm similar to green-lens to obtain a greened image. In addition, in an example, the processing circuitry adds a random noise to the greened image to generate the rendered image. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry receives rotation data that is detected by a gyroscope, and updates the second image to adjust a rotation of the object representing a virtual role based on the rotation data. Aspects of the disclosure also provide a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions which when executed by a computer cause the computer to perform the method for augmented reality. It can be learned from the foregoing technical solutions that: In the embodiments of the present disclosure, a particular target image does not need to be identified; and any reality scenario image in a realistic environment is acquired by using an image acquirer, and the reality scenario image is fused with a pre-generated virtual scenario image, to generate a fusion image. In the present disclosure, a virtual scenario having a virtual object and a virtual role is generated in a background that is based on the reality environment; therefore a generated augmented reality scenario is richer, and provides a stronger vicarious and presence feeling.

11513467

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-013612 filed Jan. 29, 2021. The entire content of the priority application is incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND There has been conventionally known an image forming apparatus such as a laser printer or an LED printer. A developing cartridge is used with image forming apparatus. The developing cartridge includes a developing roller for supplying developing agent. A prior art discloses a conventional image forming apparatus described above. The developing cartridge disclosed in the prior art is attachable to a drum cartridge including a photosensitive drum. When the developing cartridge is attached to the drum cartridge, the photosensitive drum and the developing roller make contact with each other. Thereafter, the drum cartridge to which the developing cartridge is attached is attached to the image forming apparatus. SUMMARY In the image forming apparatus, a separation process for temporarily separating the developing roller from the photosensitive drum may be performed. Further, the developing cartridge may include a lever for receiving a driving force from image forming apparatus when the separation process is performed. In this case, the lever is movable relative to a casing of the developing cartridge. However, in a case where a range in which the lever is movable is too broad, there is a likelihood that positioning of the lever is difficult in a process of attachment of the developing cartridge to the drum cartridge. In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present disclosure to provide a developing cartridge in which a lever is movable relative to a casing and a movable range of the lever can be limited. In order to attain the above and other objects, according to one aspect, the present disclosure provides a developing cartridge including: a casing; a developing roller; a boss; and a first lever. The casing is configured to accommodate developing agent therein. The developing roller extends in a first direction. The developing roller is positioned at one end in a second direction of the casing. The second direction crosses the first direction. The boss extends in the first direction and is movable together with the casing. The first lever is movable relative to the casing. The first lever includes: one end portion which is one end portion of the first lever; another end portion which is another end portion of the first lever; a shaft; and a first hole into which the boss is fitted. The one end portion functions as a point of effort. The another end portion functions as a point of load. The shaft is positioned between the one end portion and the another end portion. The shaft functions as a fulcrum. By the one end portion receiving a driving force, the first lever is pivotally movable about the shaft. A dimension in the second direction of the first hole is greater than a dimension in the second direction of the boss. In a case where the casing moves in the second direction relative to the first lever, the boss moves in the second direction within the first hole. With the above configuration, by fitting engagement of the boss into the first hole, the casing is movable in the second direction relative to the first lever while limiting a movable range of the first lever relative to the casing.

11231196

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Measuring and regulating fluid flows, such as air or water flow, is common but typically expensive, particularly for low fluid flows. In many cases, costs for measuring low fluid flows may be prohibitive and not commercially viable. Further, current flow measurement devices provide limited turndown ratio, typically less than 10:1, and therefore do not support accurate measuring functionality for fluid flows. These low turn down devices create millions of unnecessary part numbers which creates a dysfunctional cumbersome business model. For instance, typical heating, ventilation, air conditioning (“HVAC”) systems do not perform with accuracy due to the high costs of measuring air flow and limited turndown. The only option is to run them no lower than it can be measured and controlled. This causes the HVAC systems to consume needless amounts of energy and also hinders their purpose of providing comfort to people in a building. Current technology uses large Total Pressure which significantly drains energy. The new technology works on low Total pressure saving considerable energy. There is a need for a practical way to measure fluid volumes and regulate the resulting fluid flow. Further, there is a need to do so in an economically viable manner. This disclosure is intended to address the above-noted concerns and to provide related advantages. SUMMARY This disclosure is generally directed to fluid measurement/fluid control devices, and more particularly, to a fluid flow measurement, fluid control, analytics and control system. Currently available fluid flow control mechanisms are often based on existing formulas or devices that characterize or measure fluid flow through an orifice. For example, various ducted orifice plate devices have been used to measure fluid flow for well over 100 years. Advantageously, the instant application discloses new formulas and techniques which can be implemented for use with fluid control systems and methods. For example, the instant application describes new correlations that resolve contradictions observed between theory and practice dating back to the 1600's. Specifically, the correlations and related techniques disclosed herein, including the Flow and Discharge Coefficient Equations, can be used to address contradictions, inconsistencies, and/or limitations with respect to the vena contracta and other flow phenomena in view of earlier observations, see e.g. Torricelli (1643), Newton (1713), Bernoulli (1738), Borda (1760), Weisbach (1872), Kirchoff (1869), and/or Johansen (1930), as further discussed elsewhere herein. A multi-stage damper can be used to address limitations of a standard butterfly damper, where the butterfly damper can be viewed as a variable orifice plate with projected open area A0=Aduct−Adamper*(θ). With a multistage damper such as a two-stage damper, the vena contracta of the inner disk can be controlled, not by the area projected normal to the duct as in the standard butterfly damper, but by the projection of the inner annulus opening A0normal to the faces of the annulus and opening disk itself. In one embodiment, a flow device for measuring and controlling a fluid flow through a flow pathway is provided. The flow device may be incorporated in a duct of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The flow device may comprise an orifice plate positioned within the flow pathway and defining a variable opening for receiving flow therethrough. Further, the orifice plate may include an outer assembly comprising a central opening and an inner assembly extending through the central opening. The flow device may further have an actuator assembly operatively connected with the orifice plate. The inner assembly may comprise a plurality of nested elements, whereby at least one of the plurality of nested elements includes an additional opening. In some embodiments, the inner assembly comprises an inner damper and the outer assembly comprises an outer damper. The outer and inner dampers can me made of various shapes such as square, rectangle, triangle, diamond and more. In another aspect, the variable opening comprises a plurality of additional openings that are arranged in parallel. By way of example, at least one of the nested elements may be 10 inches in diameter D and a nested element 3.5 inches in diameter d, further wherein a scaling ratio D:d of about 10:3.5 is exhibited. At least one of the inner and outer assemblies may further comprise a plurality of additional assemblies disposed side-by-side in the flow pathway. The inner and outer assemblies may be offset to obtain enhanced flow measurement characteristics. Further, the inner assembly comprises a non-perforated plate or a perforated plate. In another aspect, at least one of the inner and outer assemblies may define a shape selected from a group consisting of a circle, triangle, diamond, trapezoid, rectangle, ellipse, sphere, half sphere, and quarter sphere. A gasket may be disposed on the duct of the flow device and configured to compress and seal against the outer assembly. The inner and outer assemblies may overlap to define an overlap region, further wherein the overlap region includes a compressible gasket embedded on at least one of the inner and outer assemblies. Further, the flow device may include a gasket that provides a tight positive pressure seal between at least two members from the group consisting of an air valve stop, the inner assembly, and the outer assembly. Another design may include the gasket mounted directly on the dampers. The fluid device may further include a regain section defined by a tear drop nacelle defining at least a portion of the flow pathway downstream of the orifice plate, wherein the tear drop nacelle reduces losses from increased velocity Venturi or Bernoulli effects imparted on the fluid flow upstream of the nacelle. In some embodiments, the flow device includes a hollow outer shaft extending from the outer assembly and an inner shaft extending from the inner assembly through the hollow outer shaft, wherein the inner and outer shafts are operatively connected with the actuator assembly. The actuator assembly may comprise a first actuator operatively coupled to the hollow outer shaft and a second actuator operatively coupled to the inner shaft. Furthermore, the first and second actuators may be collinear and ganged together to enable measurability and controllability over a wide flow range. In other embodiments, the first and second actuators are mounted in parallel or on opposite sides of the flow device. The actuator assembly may comprise an actuator having a gearing with dual concentric output to rotate the inner and outer assemblies generally in sequence or in an overlapping fashion, whereby the gearing comprises an inner track operatively coupled with the inner shaft and an outer track operatively coupled with the outer shaft. Alternatively, a dual race linear or rotational cam may be employed to the same effect. The actuator assembly may include an operating electro-mechanical, pneumatic mechanical device. The actuator may use gears or cables to stroke the shaft mechanism. Further, the actuator assembly may be incorporated with or into a smart device or a device having a programmable embedded controller. In a different aspect, the smart device includes an algorithm with at least one member selected from a group consisting of flow measuring, orifice metering and actuator metering element. The flow device may be a standalone flow measurement device. Furthermore, the orifice plate increases a pressure of the fluid flow for the purpose of measuring and controlling fluid flow or mass fluid volume. The orifice plate may split the fluid flow into multiple streams for the purposes of increasing velocity pressure or recovering velocity pressure for a more accurate measurement. In some embodiments, the fluid flow measured and controlled by the flow device defines a flow velocity between about 5 feet per minute to about 3000 feet per minute in replacement service, and not over say a recommended 1500 FPM in new designs. In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a controller in operative communication with the orifice plate. The controller comprises a processor and a memory communicatively coupled with and readable by the processor and having stored therein processor-readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, enable the processor to determine flow based on a pressure differential between a first sensor disposed upstream of, and a second sensor disposed downstream of the orifice plate, together with position feedback received from the actuator assembly, and regulate the variable opening provided by the outer and inner assemblies to effect conformance between measured and desired flow. The controller may be disposed remotely from the orifice plate and in operative communication with the orifice plate through a network connection or a building automation system (BAS). In other aspects, the first sensor is disposed in the flow pathway upstream of the orifice plate. The pressure differential may further be obtained relative to a second sensor disposed in the flow pathway downstream of the first sensor. The second sensor may be placed behind the orifice plate in a flow wake or still air in the flow pathway. Further, at least one of the first and second sensors uses or comprises a shaft that operatively connects the outer or inner assembly with the actuator assembly. For instance, at least one of the first and second sensors may use the actuator shaft to convey pressure through a duct wall, or may, incorporate the sensor opening itself into the shaft. The shaft may provide at least one of an upstream or a downstream flow measuring device or sensor. In some aspects, at least one of the first and second sensors is a Pitot tube or a multitap linear or crossed Pitot tube-like or similar device such as an orifice ring downstream of the orifice plate. In other aspects, at least one of the first and second sensors comprises a plurality of transducers. In some embodiments, it is contemplated that the first sensor senses a total pressure of the fluid flow and the second sensor senses a static pressure or a diminished representative static pressure of the fluid flow. A difference between first and second sensor pressures yields a large pressure differential that is capable of measuring smaller fluid velocities of less than 25 FPM. In some aspects, the first sensor is embedded on an upstream surface of the orifice plate and/or the second sensor is embedded on a downstream surface of the orifice plate. Furthermore, the orifice plate comprises an inner assembly and an outer assembly surrounding the inner assembly, wherein the first and/or second sensor is embedded on an inner assembly of the orifice plate. In another embodiment, the controller determines a flow coefficient based on the position of the inner and outer assemblies, further wherein the flow coefficient is determined based on a calculation or a look-up table. It is contemplated that the flow coefficient is a non-constant coefficient. In some aspects, the look-up table comprises empirical test data. In another aspect, the controller determines a flow rate based on the pressure differential and a flow coefficient, wherein the flow coefficient is determined theoretically as a function of a ratio of a variable opening area and a duct area. In a further aspect, the controller determines a flow rate further based on a flow coefficient that is applied at a maximum fluid flow to determine a maximum flow rate for use in calibration. Still, in other embodiments, the controller compares the flow rate to a target flow that may be based on a desired temperature setting and operates the actuator assembly to maintain or change the variable opening area defined by the inner and outer assemblies based on the comparison. The controller outputs the flow rate to a central controller at a central system that supplies the fluid flow to the flow device. The controller may further output the flow rate to at least one of a cloud-based system and a BAS (building automation system), and/or the output the pressure differential to a room or local controller to manage a total flow in and out of a single room or laboratory. Still, in other aspects, the controller signals a variable frequency driver (VFD) or a motor of an air movement device to effect control of the air movement device. The controller may operate other air flow movement devices placed downstream or upstream of the orifice plate, further wherein the controller operates a motor of the air flow movement device based on a pressure differential. In some aspects, the air flow movement device comprises one or more fans. In another aspect, the controller regulates the variable opening based in part on a turndown ratio defined by a maximum volume of fluid flow through the orifice plate to a minimum volume of controllable fluid flow through the orifice plate, wherein the turndown ratio greater than 10:1. The turndown ratio, also known as a rangeability of the controller, may be greater than 100:1, and/or be a member selected from the group consisting of 25:1, 50:1, 75:1, 100:1, 125:1, 150:1, 175:1, 200:1, 225:1, 250:1, 275:1, and 300:1. Ina particular aspect, the turndown ratio is between about 25:1 to about 300:1. Furthermore, the flow device is self-commissioning based on the turndown ratio. In some embodiments, the controller is a single microelectronic controller in communication with a plurality of room sensors in a plurality of room zones to control the plurality of room zones. The controller operates the fluid device such that the HVAC system meets at least one prevailing energy code selected from a group consisting of ASHRAE Standard 55-2010, ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010, ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010, ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2010, ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010, California Title 24, and CAL Green. At least one of the orifice plate and the actuator assembly are in communicative operation with another air distribution device selected from a group consisting of fan-powered devices, air handlers, chilled beams, VAV diffusers, unit ventilators, lights, fire or smoke dampers, control dampers, control valves, pumps, chillers, Direct Expansion Evaporative cooled air conditioning package units, and pre-piped hydronics. Furthermore, the flow device may be in communication or equipped with at least one ancillary component selected from a group consisting of controls, sensors, firmware, software, algorithms, air moving devices, fluid moving devices, motors, and variable frequency drives (VFDs). Even further, the flow device is in communication or equipped with additional linkages, gears or special actuators to turn additional concentric tubes, dampers, valves or rods to optimize air flow measurement performance. In yet another aspect, the flow device is configured with or as a multiple outlet plenum with two or more fluid device assemblies, wherein the multiple outlet plenum permits multiple accurate room or zone control of multiple rooms or zones simultaneously with at least member selected from a group consisting of a single self-contained BTUH generating device, a multiple thermal transfer device, an air to air HVAC system, and a fluid based system. In other embodiments, the flow device is provided in combination with 5 to 180 degree symmetrical or flow-straightening elbows defining at least a portion of the flow pathway upstream or downstream of the orifice plate, wherein the elbows adapt the device to tight space constraints. In an alternative embodiment, a plurality of venturi or orifice valves of different sizes are ganged together to simulate multiple variable venturi flow measurement. In another aspect, the flow device includes a double-duct housing having two or more different sized inner and outer assemblies to replicate a two-stage assembly. The flow device may further be in combination with at least one thermal transfer unit installed upstream or downstream of the device where the duct is larger, thereby increasing a heat transfer surface and allowing for at least one of a member selected from a group consisting of a lower air pressure drop, a lower water pressure drop, a localized heating and cooling, a re-setting chiller, a re-setting boiler, and a reduced pump horsepower. In yet another aspect, the device is housed in or in communication with at least one member selected from a group consisting of a variable air volume (VAV) diffuser, a grill diffuser, and a linear diffuser. The VAV diffuser may be wireless or hardwired with the flow device and may use various means of actuation such as gear, cable, rotors. Can be controlled from smart devices such as mobile devices and tablets In still other embodiments, the fluid flow downstream of the orifice plate is discharged directly into an ambient space of a room. The flow device may include an all-inclusive light. Still further, at least one of the all-inclusive light and an HVAC diffuser are controlled by one onboard controller. In yet another aspect, the flow device further comprises or is in communication with a built-in occupancy sensor, wherein the sensor is selected from a group including an infrared sensor, a motion sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a temperature sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a humidity sensor, and smart camera with occupant tracking capability The flow device is in operative communication or housed in a smart self-balancing air distribution (SBAD) adjustable diffuser having a temperature sensor, further wherein the operative communication is wireless or hardwired. In some aspects, the flow device is in operative communication or housed in a smart self-balancing air distribution (SBAD) motorized diffuser. In still further embodiments of the present disclosure, a controller is provided that is in communication with a damper assembly and configured to measure fluid flow through a flow pathway. The controller comprises a processor and a memory communicatively coupled with and readable by the processor and having stored therein processor-readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to determine at least one of the following: 1) a pressure differential based on a first pressure sensed upstream of the damper assembly and a second pressure sensed downstream of the damper assembly, wherein the damper assembly is disposed in the flow pathway; 2) a variable opening area defined by the damper assembly, wherein the variable opening area receives the fluid flow there through; 3) a flow coefficient MF based on a function of a ratio of the variable opening area to a flow pathway area, wherein the flow coefficient MFis 0≥MF≤1; and 4) a flow rate based on the pressure differential and the flow coefficient. It is contemplated that the processor further controls a flow velocity or feet per minute of the fluid flow while varying a flow rate or cubic feet per minute of the fluid flow throughout an entire turndown range defined by the processor. The flow rate is further based on a flow coefficient that is applied at a maximum fluid flow to determine a maximum flow rate, wherein the maximum flow rate is used for calibration purposes. The controller may. incorporate the required pressure transducer. In other aspects, the controller controls the variable opening area of the damper assembly and the processor-readable instructions are programmed for optimal performance, acoustics, and energy of the controller and the controlled damper assembly. The controller may be in communication with at least one of a cloud-based control computing and wireless control components. In still other aspects, the controller is further monitored and controlled by building automation system (BAS) software of a BAS system. The controller further balances the damper assembly in real time from a front end software building automation system (BAS). Merely by way of example, the real-time balancing data is displayed at a member selected from a group comprising a front end software BAS system, a controller installed on self-contained compressor, a fluid moving device, and a room air discharge device to allow the moving device to be controlled and interface with another equipment controller. In yet another aspect, the controller provides real-time turn down capabilities of a fluid moving device in operative communication with the damper assembly. The controller may include processor-readable instructions that further comprise an algorithm based on calculating fluid through orifices. The algorithm may be based on at least one member selected from a group consisting of an orifice metering device, a fluid sensing element, an actuator resolution, and a transducer. Furthermore, the controller automatically calculates the flow coefficient MFbased on the variable opening area. The flow coefficient MFcalculation is performed with a turndown ratio of 10:1 or greater. In other aspects, the controller determines the flow rate based on multiplying the flow coefficient MFwith a square root of the determined pressure differential and then scaling to read mass fluid flows in desirable engineering units. In still another embodiment of the present disclosure, an actuator assembly in operative communication with a damper assembly that is configured to measure and control fluid flow through a flow pathway comprises a first actuator in communication with a first gearing. The first gearing is adapted to receive at least one of a first and second shaft extending from at least one of an inner and an outer assembly of the damper assembly. In some aspects, the first gearing comprises a dual concentric output to rotate the inner and outer assemblies. The first gearing comprises an inner track operatively coupled with the first shaft and an outer track operatively coupled with the second shaft. Furthermore, a second actuator is provided in communication with the first actuator, wherein the first actuator is operatively connected to the first shaft and the second actuator is operatively connected to the second shaft. The first and second actuators may be ganged together. At least one of the first and second actuators is in wireless communication with a controller that operates the actuator assembly. In still another aspect, the actuator assembly outputs feedback from at least one of the first and second actuators. In other embodiments, at least one of the first and second actuators is removably received on a mounting bracket that is adapted to engage an outer surface of a housing of the damper assembly. Another actuator uses one motor with gear drives to drive both the shafts. Another actuator can use cranks and/or a camrace to drive both the shafts. A feedback signal can be accomplished by using a potentiometer. In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, a flow device for measuring fluid flow through a flow pathway comprises a damper assembly disposed in the flow pathway, wherein the damper assembly comprises a rotary damper plate positioned within the flow pathway and defining at least a portion of a variable opening. The flow device further comprises an actuator assembly operatively connected with the damper assembly and a controller in operative communication with the damper assembly, wherein the controller comprises a processor and a memory communicatively coupled with and readable by the processor and having stored therein processor-readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to determine at least one of the following: 1) a pressure differential based on a first pressure sensed upstream of the damper assembly and a second pressure sensed downstream of the damper assembly; 2) a variable opening area based on a position of the damper plate; 3) a flow coefficient MFbased on a function of a ratio of the variable opening area to a flow pathway area, wherein the flow coefficient MFsatisfies 0≤MF≤1; and 4) a flow rate based on the pressure differential and the flow coefficient. In some aspects, the flow pathway is defined by a housing having a hollow inner surface configured to removably receive the damper assembly and an opposing outer surface configured to removably mount the actuator assembly thereon. The housing may include a Venturi valve defining a constriction section for the flow pathway. In other aspects, the housing further defines a door or plate covering an opening in the housing, wherein the opening permits access to the damper assembly in the housing for maintenance cleaning and replacement of parts. The damper assembly may be a butterfly damper and the variable opening is defined between the damper plate and a surface defining the flow pathway. The butterfly damper includes a primary damper that is substantially circular or rectangular and the variable opening is a controllable opening that enables measurability and controllability over a wide flow range. In some aspects, the controllable opening is substantially circular or rectangular. The controllable opening may be a sliding or guillotine-type opening. Further, the primary damper may be a sliding or guillotine-type damper. In another aspect, the primary damper further includes regain fittings enabling measurability and controllability over a wide flow range. The regain fittings comprise at least one of a fairing placed upstream of the primary damper and a nacelle placed downstream of the primary damper. The damper assembly may be a 2-stage damper assembly comprising a central opening in the damper plate and an inner rotary disk extending through the central opening to define the variable opening. The damper plate and the inner disk overlap to define an overlap region that may include a compressible gasket embedded on at least one of the damper plate and the inner disk. A plurality of damper assemblies may be provided in series or in parallel in the flow pathway and the pressure differential may be determined based on a first pressure sensed upstream of the damper assemblies and a second pressure sensed downstream of the damper assemblies. In another aspect, the controller determines a new position setting for the damper assembly based on the flow rate and signals the actuator assembly to adjust the damper assembly to the new position. The controller may output at least one of the pressure differential, the variable opening area, the flow coefficient, and the flow rate to an external controller in communication with another controller. Further, the actuator assembly may further comprise an electro-mechanical or pneumatic mechanical device. In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method is provided for controlling fluid flow through a duct defining a cross-sectional area Ad. The method includes the step of providing a control element in the duct, wherein the control element defines a variable opening area Aothat amplifies a velocity pressure of the fluid flow through the control element. The method further includes measuring a pressure differential ΔP across the control element, determining a flow coefficient MFbased on a function of a ratio AO/Ad, and determining a flow rate Q based on a product of the flow coefficient MF, the duct area Ad, and a square root of the pressure differential ΔP. Further, the method may include comparing the flow rate Q to a predetermined target flow F. If Q=F, the method includes the step of maintaining a setting of the control element defining the variable opening area Ao. If Q≠F, the method includes the step of performing at least one of: 1) adjusting the setting of the control element to a new setting defining the variable opening area AO; 2) notifying a central controller of a central system that supplies the fluid flow to the control element to increase or reduce the fluid flow; and 3) controlling a speed of a fan disposed upstream or downstream of the control element based on the pressure differential ΔP, damper % open, and/or state of satisfaction of downstream requirements. Thus, in an embodiment shown inFIG. 12, described below, an upstream pressure source, such as the upstream control/supply mechanism of element1210, effects a pressure drop ΔP across control element1204. The fluid flow area Aonormal to flow past control element1204is controlled in response to a damper area control signal. In alternative embodiments, for example, there is an additional fan or fans disposed upstream or downstream, or both, with respect to the control element (e.g., damper)1204. Such separate embodiments are shown in each ofFIGS. 12A, 12B and 12C.FIG. 12Ashows an embodiment with a fan1210A disposed upstream of control element1204;FIG. 12Bshows an embodiment with a fan1212A disposed downstream of control element1204; andFIG. 12Cshows an embodiment with a fan1210A disposed upstream of control element1204, and a fan1212A disposed downstream of control element1204. The assembly provides additional positive or negative pressure drops across the control element1204, resulting in additional positive or negative flow effected by one or more of fans, like fans1210A and1212A, at their various locations, in the aggregate with the nominal contribution to ΔP which would occur without any of fans1210A and/or1212A, for example, as inFIG. 12. The augmented assembly, with fans1210and/or1212, represents a net pressure source assembly operative to effect a net pressure difference across the control element (e.g., damper)1204, augmented by contributions from fans1210and/or1212. The fluid flow area Aonormal to flow past control element1204is controlled in response to a resultant net pressure control signal. The method may further include the step of checking if the predetermined target flow F has changed, wherein if the target flow F has not changed and Q≠F, signaling an actuator to adjust the control element to the new setting. Further, the method comprises providing a plurality of control elements in series or in parallel in the flow pathway, measuring the pressure differential ΔP across the plurality of control elements, and determining the flow coefficient MFbased on the variable opening area Ao of a critical control element in the plurality of control elements. Still further, the method includes enhancing or magnifying the measured pressure differential ΔP across the control element and calculating the flow rate Q based on the enhanced or magnified pressure differential ΔP along with the flow coefficient to achieve a precise flow rate Q. In some embodiments, the control element is a thin blade control element and the pressure differential ΔP is measured across the blade to enhance readings. In further embodiments of the present disclosure, a flow device for measuring and controlling a fluid flow through a flow pathway in a duct of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is shown. The flow device comprises an orifice plate positioned within the flow pathway and defining a variable opening for receiving flow there through. The orifice plate comprises an outer assembly comprising a generally central opening and an inner assembly extending through the central opening. Further, the flow device includes an actuator assembly operatively connected with the orifice plate, a first sensor disposed in the flow pathway upstream of, and a second sensor downstream of, the orifice plate, and a controller in operative communication with the orifice plate. The controller comprises a processor and a memory communicatively coupled with and readable by the processor and having stored therein processor-readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform at least one of: 1) determine a pressure differential based on a first pressure obtained between the first and second sensors; 2) determine a position of the outer and inner assemblies based on a position feedback received from the actuator assembly; and 3) regulate the variable opening based on the pressure differential the position of the outer and inner assemblies. In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, a central control system for use in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is provided. The central controls system includes a processor and a memory communicatively coupled with and readable by the processor and having stored therein processor-readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to receive data from a plurality of flow controllers, wherein each of the plurality of flow controllers operates a flow device positioned remotely from the central controls system. The data may comprise a pressure differential measured at each of the plurality of flow controllers, a variable opening area of a flow pathway provided by each flow device, a flow coefficient MFbased on square of a ratio of the variable opening area to a flow pathway area at each of the plurality of flow devices, wherein the flow coefficient MFis a non-constant coefficient and 0≤MF≤1, and/or a flow rate based on the pressure differential and the flow coefficient. The central controller may adjust fan parameters such that 1) all remote controllers are satisfied and 2) at least one remote control device is wide open, thus optimizing energy consumption. The central control system may further send operation parameters to each of the plurality of flow controllers independently. If one or more remote controllers is unsatisfied (i.e. wide open and needing more flow), and fan is at maximum, central control may command satisfied or more nearly satisfied controllers to feather back to balance the load, based on degree of dissatisfaction reported by remote controllers. Other operation parameters may include duct and/or zone CFM measurements for the purposes of balancing and meeting fresh air requirements. Furthermore, the central control system may adjust a volume of a supply fluid flow to at least a portion of the plurality of flow devices based on the data received. In some embodiments, the central processor is in wireless communication with the plurality of flow controllers. The data may be stored in real-time as it is collected by and sent from each of the plurality of flow controllers.

11488572

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the priority benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-096057, filed on May 22, 2019. The entirety of the above-mentioned patent application is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification. BACKGROUND Technical Field The present disclosure relates to an active noise control (ANC) system. Description of Related Art There are feedforward-based ANC, feedback-based ANC, hybrid-based ANC, and the like as noise cancellation techniques of headphones and the like. Feedback-based ANC is a technique of canceling out noise intruding from outside of a headphone by outputting, through a speaker, signals obtained by inverting the phases of noise signals collected using a noise microphone provided inside the headphone and performing feedback control. Although feedback-based ANC achieves excellent noise cancellation effects because feedback control is performed, it is necessary to consider oscillation due to a feedback loop. Feedforward-based ANC is a technique of processing noise signals collected using a noise microphone provided outside a headphone such that the noise signals become signals having the same gains as those of noise signals intruding from the outside of the headphone and phases inverted from those of the intruding noise signals, outputting these signals through a speaker and canceling out noise near the ears. Although the feedforward type is less likely to oscillate and has high stability because there is no loop, high noise cancellation effects may not be obtained because users have different ear shapes. hybrid-based ANC is a combination of the aforementioned feedback-based ANC and feedforward-based ANC. hybrid-based ANC can obtain better cancellation effects by canceling the remaining noise using feedback-based ANC after canceling noise by feedforward-based ANC. FIG. 18is a diagram showing a configuration example of a conventional feedforward-based ANC system disclosed in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent No. 4882773). In the conventional ANC system20, noise arriving at the ears is cancelled by performing AD conversion on external noise through an AD converter26, calculating sound that cancels a noise component arriving at the ears by an ANC signal generator27, performing DA conversion by a DA converter23and generating a resultant signal through a speaker24. When it takes a long time to perform AD conversion, a signal that cancels the noise does not keep up with external noise and thus the noise is not able to be completely cancelled. Accordingly, this system requires an AD converter having less conversion delay. As an AD converter having less delay, a pipelined AD converter is known. FIG. 19is a diagram showing a configuration diagram of a pipelined AD converter. The pipelined AD converter26includes four SubADs and three signal amplification stages (MDAC). A SubAD uses two generally used flash type AD converters. The pipelined AD converter26finally obtains a 15-bit digital output signal by summing outputs (5 bits, 4 bits, 5 bits and 5 bits) of the SubADs 1 to 4 using an encoder. In addition, as another AD converter, a delta-sigma AD converter is known.FIG. 20is a diagram showing a configuration example of a delta-sigma AD converter. The delta-sigma AD converter26is configured according to feedback through an integrator, an AD converter, and a DA converter.FIG. 20shows an example of a configuration of the delta-sigma AD converter in which first-order delta-sigma AD converters are combined and cascaded in two stages in order to increase the resolution of an output signal Y1(z) of the delta-sigma AD converter. Here, X(z) is an input signal and Y1(z) and Y2(z) are output signals of analog parts. In addition, Yout(z) is a final digital output signal on which digital operation processing has been performed such that a quantization error is canceled through digital filter stages H1(z) and H2(z) of a digital part. The delta-sigma AD converter26obtains differences between output signals and input signals, cumulatively adds the differences through integrators and performs feedback control such that the outputs of the integrators are minimized. The integrator of the first stage generates a quantization error that is inevitably generated when an analog signal is converted into a digital signal. Y2(z) is a signal obtained by performing AD conversion on the quantization error. Since the output signal Yout(z) is a signal in which the quantization error has been canceled, the delta-sigma AD converter26can obtain a noise shaping effect (effect of sufficiently increasing a sampling frequency such that it becomes higher than the frequency of an input signal and modulating a spectral density of a quantization error such that it decreases in a low frequency band that is a signal band and increases in an outside-of-band high frequency band) and reduce the quantization error to improve accuracy. When an ANC system is mounted in a battery driven product such as a headphone and the like, low power consumption of the ANC system is required in order to extend the battery life. However, conventional ANC systems usually operates with high power consumption. SUMMARY The present disclosure provides an ANC system capable of reducing power consumption. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an ANC system includes an AD converter which performs AD conversion on an external noise signal, an ANC signal generator which generates an ANC signal for canceling a noise component arriving at the ears of a user based on an output signal of the AD converter, and a level detector which detects a level of the output signal and causes the ANC signal generator to power down in response to the level. The level detector measures a time for which the level is equal to or less than a predetermined first threshold value, causes the ANC signal generator to power down after the measured time exceeds a predetermined value, and causes the ANC signal generator to return from a power down operation when the level exceeds a predetermined second threshold value. Furthermore, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, an ANC system includes an AD converter which performs AD conversion on an external noise signal, an ANC signal generator which generates an ANC signal for canceling a noise component arriving at the ears of a user based on an output signal of the AD converter, and a level detector which detects a level of the output signal and causes the ANC signal generator to power down in response to the level. The level detector measures a time for which the level is equal to or less than a predetermined first threshold value, causes a portion of blocks of the AD converter to power down after the measured time exceeds a predetermined value, and causes the AD converter to return from a power down operation when the level exceeds a predetermined second threshold value. According to the present disclosure, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of an ANC system.

11217003

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to systems and techniques for pose generation. More specifically, this disclosure relates to machine learning techniques for pose generation. BACKGROUND Electronic games are increasingly becoming more realistic due to an increase in available processing resources. This increase in realism may allow for more realistic gameplay experiences. For example, elements that form an in-game world, such as characters, may be more realistically presented. In this example, the elements may be increasingly rendered at higher resolutions, with more detailed textures, with more detailed underlying meshes, and so on. While this added realism may be beneficial to an end-user of an electronic game, it may place a substantial burden on electronic game designers. As an example, electronic game designers may be required to create very rich, and detailed, models of characters. As another example, electronic game designers may be required to create fluid, lifelike, movements of the characters With respect to the example of movement, characters may be designed to realistically adjust their arms, legs, and so on, while traversing an in-game world. In this way, the characters may walk, run, jump, and so on, in a lifelike manner. To enable this realistic movement, electronic game designers may be required to spend substantial time fine-tuning movements of an underlying character model. Movement of a character model may be, at least in part, implemented based on movement of an underlying skeleton. For example, a skeleton may include a multitude of objects (e.g., joints) which may represent a portion of the character model. As an example, a first object may be a finger while a second object may correspond to a wrist. The skeleton may therefore represent an underlying form on which the character model is built. In this way, movement of the skeleton may cause a corresponding adjustment of the character model. To create realistic movement, an electronic game designer may therefore adjust positions of the above-described objects included in the skeleton. For example, the electronic game designer may create realistic running movements via adjustment of specific objects which form a character model's legs. This hand-tuned technique to enable movement of a character results in substantial complexity and usage of time. Certain techniques to reduce a complexity associated with enabling movement of a character, such as via motion capture, may introduce their own complexities. For example, actors may need to be hired to perform different movements. As another example, complex motion capture stages may be required to monitor movement of the actors. SUMMARY OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS Particular embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented so as to realize one or more of the following advantages. Utilizing the techniques described herein, realistic motion may be rapidly generated for arbitrary character models configured for use in electronic games. As will be described, machine learning techniques may be employed to learn representations of distinct human poses. For example, a pose may be defined, at least in part, based on positions of a multitude of joints on a human. Example joints may include a wrist, a shoulder, a knee, joints on a hip, and so on. As may be appreciated, these joints may indicate locations on a person which can rotate or otherwise adjust position. In this way, poses may be analyzed by the machine learning techniques. Advantageously, the machine learning techniques may, in some embodiments, be generative models. Thus, the generative models may allow for generation of realistic motion based on learned poses of humans. At present, techniques to generate realistic motion for character models may rely upon designers adjusting character models to define different types of motion. For example, to define running, a designer may string together certain adjustments of joints on a skeleton of a character model. In this example, the designer may adjust the knees, cause a movement of the arms, and so on. While this may allow for motion to be generated, it may also involve a substantial burden on the designer. A first example technique to, at least in part, automate motion, may include using software to automatically adjust a skeleton. For example, templates of running may be pre-defined. A designer may therefore select a running template which may cause adjustment of the joints on a skeleton. In this way, the designer may more rapidly generate motion for characters in an in-game world. However, this first example technique may lack the realism of real-world movement. For example, since different templates are being selected, the lifelike differences in movement between real-world persons is lost. A second example technique may use motion capture techniques. For example, an actor may be placed in a motion capture studio. The actor may then perform different movements, and movement of different portions of the actor (e.g., joints) may be stored by a system. Thus, realistic movement for the specific actor may be translated onto a skeleton of an in-game character model. However, this second example technique may be similarly time-intensive. Additionally, due to the amount of time it takes to perform motion capture, and associated costs, it may typically be limited for a subset of the characters in an electronic game. Thus, motion of remaining characters may be less realistic. Furthermore, the motion capture techniques may limit an extent to which lifelike motion may be generated. For example, the actor may perform particular movements in the motion capture studio. While these movements may be imported onto a skeleton, other movement may have to be generated by designers. This may limit a flexibility of a range of realistic motion. Furthermore, certain types of electronic games (e.g., sports games) may benefit from realistic movement of its characters. With respect to a wrestling or mixed martial arts electronic game, the playable characters in the game may correspond to real-life persons. Users of the electronic game may watch matches with the real-life persons, such that any deviations of their movement, mannerisms, and so on, may be apparent to the users. As will be described below, machine learning techniques may be used to analyze poses of real-life persons. For example, and with respect to wrestling, poses of a real-life wrestler may be analyzed. In this example, a video clip of the wrestler may be obtained. Location information of features to be learned may be labeled. For example, positions of joints may be labeled for a pose depicted in a frame of the video clip. As another example, velocity information of the joints for the pose may be labeled. In this way, poses of the real-life wrestler may be analyzed. Since the wrestler may move about a ring in a highly stylized, and personal, style, the machine learning techniques may learn this style. In this way, certain wrestling moves may be realistically learned by the machine learning techniques. It may be appreciated that the machine learning techniques may analyze a threshold number of features for each pose. For example, there may be 20, 30, and so on, joints for each pose. In this example, there may be features defining locations of each joint, velocity information for each joint, and so on. These features may therefore form a high-dimensional feature space. Advantageously, the machine learning techniques may employ dimensionality reduction techniques. Thus, information defined for each pose may be encoded into a lower-dimensional latent feature space (herein also referred to as a latent variable space). As an example, there may be a plurality of latent variables (e.g., 7, 10, 14, etc.) which learn to encode the above-described feature information. Each latent variable may therefore learn different information associated with the input features. For example, certain latent variables may learn complex movements of an upper portion of a person's body. As another example, certain latent variables may learn movement information for a hand. As will be described, generative machine learning models may be used (e.g., autoencoders, variational autoencoders, and so on). Thus, new poses may be generated based on sampling the latent feature space. Advantageously, a designer may indicate a preferred initial pose for a character and a preferred ending pose. The generative machine learning models may then generate intermediate output poses which represent a realistic motion between these poses. For example, the initial pose may represent an in-game wrestler moving towards a combatant. In this example, an ending pose may represent the wrestler grabbing the combatant. Based on the learned latent feature space, a generative model may output poses which are determined to represent a transition between the initial pose and ending pose. These output poses may then be blended, or otherwise combined, to arrive at realistic resultant motion for the in-game wrestler. Furthermore, certain generative machine learning models (e.g., conditional variational autoencoders) may be used to generate animation. As will be described, a machine learning model may be trained to reconstruct an input pose given one or more previous poses. For example, the input pose and previous poses may be obtained from an animation of a character or from video of a person. In this example, the previous poses may be used as a condition in a conditional variational autoencoder. Advantageously, once trained the machine learning model may be used to generate realistic animations via sampling of a latent feature space. As an example, a sequence of poses may be accessed. Based on the latent feature space, a new pose may be generated for the sequence. Via repeating this technique, for example using autoregressive methods, a multitude of new poses may be generated for an animation. Similarly, in some embodiments a machine learning model may be trained to reconstruct an input pose given labeled positions of portions of a pose (e.g., joints). For example, the positions may be provided as conditions to a conditional variational autoencoder. In this way, the conditional variational autoencoder may learn to associate positions of joints with specific poses. Once trained, a pose may be modified via adjusting positions of joints. In this way, a user may cause realistic movement of joints from a starting pose. In this way, the machine learning techniques described herein may learn representations of motion of persons. Based on these learned representations, realistic motion for arbitrary in-game characters may be rapidly generated. Since this motion is generated based on analyzing real-world persons, the motion may be substantially more realistic as compared to prior techniques. Additionally, the motion may be highly customizable. For example, motion of real-life persons may be separately analyzed to learn their particular movement styles. The techniques described herein therefore improve upon the functioning of prior software-based techniques to generate movement of in-game character models. As described above, prior techniques relied upon by designers to adjust positions of joints on a skeleton underlying a character model. In contrast, the techniques described herein may allow for automated adjustment. Advantageously, the automated adjustment may be based on a latent feature space which encodes complex pose information. Using generative modeling techniques, complicated animations may be quickly generated. The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the all of the desirable attributes disclosed herein. Although certain embodiments and examples are disclosed herein, inventive subject matter extends beyond the examples in the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses, and to modifications and equivalents thereof. The details, including optional details, of one or more embodiments of the subject matter of this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other optional features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.

11286589

Description of the Prior Art Woven textile is used widely. For example, clothes, shoes, and daily commodities are often made by woven textile. However, how the woven textile is woven, the material, and the design determine the characteristics of the woven textile. Conventional woven textile is woven by a single thread. Thus, the process of weaving is complicated, and the structure is easy to break down. Besides, the thickness of the woven textile is difficult to be increased. To increase the thickness, wider thread is usually used, or the thread is woven more times. If wider thread is used, the woven textile may be too heavy. If the thread is woven more times, the process may be time-consuming, and the air-permeability is bad. On the other hand, two sides of conventional woven textile are made of the same material to have the same color and the same design. Patent publication US 2005/0247367 disclosed a two-layer woven textile. However, each of the layers is actually an independent woven textile woven by warp threads and weft threads. Thus, the structure and the process of manufacture are both complicated. At least 5 kinds of threads have to be prepared. In addition, the woven textile woven in conventional ways cannot provide larger meshes. The mesh is usually enlarged by skipping so that the structure of the woven textile is weakened. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide a woven textile having better elasticity and being stereoscopic. In addition, the air permeability is improved, and the woven textile can be designed in various ways. To achieve the above and other objects, the woven textile of the present invention defines an imaginary plane and has a first end and an opposite second end. A longitudinal direction parallel to the imaginary plane is defined by the first end and the second end. The woven textile further defines a horizontal direction which is parallel to the imaginary plane but perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The woven textile includes an upper layer, a lower layer, and at least one binding thread. The upper layer includes at least one first braid. The first braid is woven by a plurality of filaments. The at least one first braid has a plurality of first crests and a plurality of first trough arranged alternately along the horizontal direction. The first crests are closer to the first end than the first troughs are, and the first troughs are closer to the second end than the first crests are. The at least one first braid forms a plurality of hollow portions among the first crests and the first troughs. The upper layer and the lower layer are located at two opposite sides of the imaginary plane and are stacked along a vertical direction perpendicular to the imaginary plane. The lower layer includes at least one second braid. The second braid is woven by a plurality of filaments. The at least one second braid has a plurality of second crests and a plurality of second trough arranged alternately along the longitudinal direction. The second crests are closer to the first end than the second troughs are, and the second troughs are closer to the second end than the second crests are. The at least one second braid forms a plurality of hollow portions among the second crests and the second troughs. The binding thread fixes the first braid and the second braid together by weaving so that the upper layer and the lower layer are connected and fixed by the binding thread. Thereby, the woven textile of the present invention having two independent layers has a larger thickness and elasticity. In addition, a gap between the two layers provides cushion and air-permeability. The present invention will become more obvious from the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, which show, for purpose of illustrations only, the preferred embodiment(s) in accordance with the present invention.

11457344

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to U.S. Non-Provisional application Ser. No. 15/380,116, titled “Mobile EAS Alarm Response Proximity Enforcement Using Wireless Technologies,” filed on Dec. 15, 2016, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein. BACKGROUND Statement of the Technical Field The present disclosure concerns generally to Electronic Article Surveillance (“EAS”) detection systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to implementing systems and methods for mobile EAS alarm response proximity enforcement using wireless technologies. Description of the Related Art A typical EAS system in a retail setting may comprise a monitoring system and at least one security tag or label attached to an article to be protected from unauthorized removal. The monitoring system establishes a surveillance zone in which the presence of security tags and/or labels can be detected. The surveillance zone is usually established at an access point for the controlled area (e.g., adjacent to a retail store entrance and/or exit). If an article is authorized for removal from the controlled area, then the security tag and/or label thereof can be deactivated and/or detached therefrom. Consequently, the article can be carried through the surveillance zone without being detected by the monitoring system and/or without triggering the alarm. In contrast, if an article enters the surveillance zone with an active security tag and/or label, then an alarm may be triggered to indicate possible unauthorized removal thereof from the controlled area. In order to deactivate the alarm issuance, an employee is required to enter a reason code for the alarm event into a wall mount responder unit located in proximity to the respective EAS surveillance zone. One possible reason for an alarm event is theft or EAS tag deactivation failure at Point-Of-Sale (“POS”). Such a wall mount responder unit is placed at each EAS surveillance zone of the retail facility, and electrically connected to a device manager. One can appreciate that such a wall mount responder configuration is expensive to implement and maintain, as well as being resource intensive. SUMMARY The present invention concerns implementing systems and methods for responding to EAS alarm's issuance resulting from a detection of an active EAS security tag's presence in a surveillance zone. The methods comprise receiving, by a mobile device (e.g., a smart phone), a short range communication signal from a fixed device (e.g., beacon) located in proximity to EAS equipment issuing the EAS alarm. In response to the short range communication signal's reception, the mobile device automatically transitions its operational mode from a first operational mode in which alarm response functions are disabled to a second operational mode in which alarm response functions are enabled. Thereafter, the mobile device receives a user input for inputting a reason code specifying a reason for the EAS alarm's issuance. The reason code can include, but is not limited to, a recovery code, a failed-to-deactivate code, an incoming item code, a system test code, an unattended code, an unexplained code, a tag-in area code, a runaway code, or a stock movement code. The reason code is communicated from the mobile device to an external device (e.g., a device manager or server) for causing a deactivation of the EAS alarm's issuance. Other information may also be communicated along with the reason code. For example, one or more of the following items is communicated from the mobile device to the external device along with the reason code: a unique identifier of the fixed device; a unique identifier of the mobile device; a unique identifier of a user of the mobile device; at least one scanned product barcode; a scanned receipt barcode; and a timestamp. The mobile device's operational mode is automatically transitioned back to the first operational mode when the mobile device moves out of range of the fixed device. In some scenarios, a user of the mobile device is automatically prompted to indicate at least one detail associated with human activities associated with the EAS alarm's issuance, in response to the reason code. Additionally or alternatively, the mobile device's voice or sound detection and recognition operations are automatically initiated or enabled in response to the reason code. The voice or sound detection and recognition operations of the mobile device are performed to determine if a certain word was spoken or a certain sound was made in proximity to the mobile device that should trigger a remedial action. The remedial action can include, but is not limited to, notifying security personnel or notifying emergency personnel.

11249930

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a network input/output structure of an electronic device, and more particularly to a network input/output structure capable of connecting network devices of different brand specifications automatically. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION With reference toFIG. 1for a conventional network input/output structure of an electronic device90, a conventional network input/output structure90comprises a PCIE-to-UART signal conversion chip91, a Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) voltage conversion transceiver92and a network connector93, wherein the PCIE-to-UART signal conversion chip91is electrically coupled to a central processing unit94(CPU) of the electronic device for converting a message on a PCIE channel into an UART message, and the UART voltage conversion transceiver92is electrically coupled to the PCIE-to-UART signal conversion chip91, and the network connector93is electrically coupled to the UART voltage conversion transceiver92, and the UART voltage conversion transceiver92converts the UART message into a RS232 message, so that the network connector93can receive the network message, and the network connector93is provided for the use by an external network device (not shown in the figure) to transmit network information through the UART voltage conversion transceiver92. However, the conventional network input/output structure of an electronic device90as shown inFIGS. 1 and 2is connected to various network devices of different brand specifications, and each brand specification has its own exclusive pin definition. For example, a network device commonly used in a data center, a server, a storage system center, etc. adopts a Legacy's network device or a Cisco's network device, wherein the fifth pin95of the Legacy's network device is IN(±15V), and the fifth pin96of the Cisco's network device is GND (0V) (as shown inFIG. 2), and the network devices of different brand specifications have different pin potentials, and thus may lead to the result of the conventional network input/output structure of an electronic device90being used for exclusive network devices only, and a combination of different network devices cannot be used. It is necessary to manufacture a device for the output through other pin definitions again before the network input/output structure can be used in other network devices. Therefore, the conventional network input/output structure is very inconvenient to use and the cost is high. Obviously, the conventional network input/output structure of an electronic device90has many drawbacks and requires improvements. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the aforementioned drawbacks of the conventional input/output network device, the inventor of the present invention based on years of experience in the related industry to conduct extensive research and experiment, and finally developed an input/output network device in accordance with the present invention to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art. Therefore, it is a primary objective of the present invention to provide a network input/output structure of an electronic device, wherein an exclusive pin definition of an external network device is detected to achieve the effects of switching and connecting to external network devices of various different brand specifications. To achieve the aforementioned objective, the present invention provides a network input/output structure of an electronic device, comprising: a FPGA module, electrically coupled to the FPGA module and a central processing unit (CPU) of the electronic device, and having a controller for performing a logic operation; a plurality of UART voltage conversion transceivers, each being electrically coupled to the FPGA module, and each UART voltage conversion transceiver having an input/output pin definition of a network device of a corresponding brand specification; a network connector, electrically coupled to the network connector and the UART voltage conversion transceivers, and provided for the use by an external network device; and a detection module, electrically coupled to the network connector and the FPGA module, for detecting an exclusive pin definition of a network device coupled to the network connector and sending the detected pin definition to the FPGA module; wherein, the FPGA module uses the detection module to detect the pin definition to confirm a brand specification of the external network device and turns on a voltage conversion chip corresponding to the UART voltage conversion transceiver of the brand specification, so that the network device can transmit the network information through the UART voltage conversion transceiver. In the aforementioned embodiment, the network connector is a RJ45 connector. In the aforementioned embodiment, the external network device includes a router, a hub, a switch, and an IP sharer. In the aforementioned embodiment, the network devices of different brand specifications include Cisco's network device, and Legacy's network device. The present invention will become clearer in light of the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment of this invention described in connection with the drawings.

11378178

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application claims priority to and the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-123350, filed on Jul. 2, 2019, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present disclosure relates to a straddle vehicle such as a motorcycle. Description of the Related Art Japanese Patent No. 5013813 discloses a vehicle power unit in which a main clutch disposed in a power transmission route from a crankshaft of an engine to a transmission is actuated by a hydraulic clutch actuator. This clutch actuator is mounted on an outer side surface of an upper portion of a clutch cover in such a manner that the clutch actuator overlaps a cylinder block in a side view of the vehicle. In a configuration where a hydraulic actuator, namely an oil control valve unit, is mounted on a cover of a crankcase, the oil control valve unit obstructs the work of mounting and dismounting the cover of the crankcase, thus diminishing the efficiency of maintenance operations. If the oil control valve unit is mounted on a vehicle body frame, the oil control valve unit will be so far from the main clutch that the hydraulic oil passage will be long. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A straddle vehicle according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: a prime mover; a hydraulically actuated main clutch disposed in a power transmission route between the prime mover and a drive wheel; an oil control valve unit that controls flow of a hydraulic oil supplied to the main clutch; and a power unit case including a case body and a cover removably mounted on the case body, the power unit case accommodating at least the main clutch, wherein the oil control valve unit is secured to the case body. With the above configuration, since the oil control valve unit is secured to the case body rather than to the cover, the oil control valve unit does not obstruct the work of mounting and dismounting the cover, and the efficiency of maintenance operations is improved. Additionally, since the oil control valve unit is secured to the case body rather than to a vehicle body frame, the hydraulic oil passage from the oil control valve unit to the main clutch can be shortened. In an exemplary configuration, the main clutch may include an inlet port into which the hydraulic oil is supplied, each of the case body and the cover may include a hydraulic oil passage, and the oil coming out of the oil control valve unit may flow through the hydraulic oil passage of the case body and then through the hydraulic oil passage of the cover to enter the inlet port of the main clutch. With this configuration, the hydraulic oil passage from the oil control valve unit to the main clutch can be formed with a small number of components. In an exemplary configuration, the prime mover may include a drive shaft having an axis extending in a vehicle width direction of the straddle vehicle, and the power unit case may include a main chamber accommodating the drive shaft and a subsidiary chamber accommodating the main clutch, the subsidiary chamber being defined between the case body and the cover and located on one side in the vehicle width direction with respect to the main chamber. With this configuration, the power system can be made compact in the vehicle width direction, and an increase in vehicle width can be prevented. In an exemplary configuration, at least a part of the oil control valve unit may be at the same location in the vehicle width direction as the subsidiary chamber. With this configuration, the power system can be made compact in the vehicle width direction, and an increase in vehicle width can be prevented. In an exemplary configuration, the oil control valve unit may be secured to a lower front portion of the case body. With this configuration, interference of the oil control valve unit with other components can be avoided, and the oil control valve unit can be disposed in a compact manner. In an exemplary configuration, when the oil control valve unit and the case body are viewed in the vehicle width direction, an upper end of the oil control valve unit may be located above a lower end of the case body, and a rear end of the oil control valve unit may be located rearwardly of a front end of the case body. With this configuration, the length over which the oil control valve unit as viewed in the vehicle width direction projects from the case body can be reduced. In an exemplary configuration, the case body may include a side wall portion defining the main chamber and a frame-shaped wall portion projecting from the side wall portion and defining the subsidiary chamber, the frame-shaped wall portion may include a lower edge portion, a front edge portion, and an inclined portion extending obliquely forward and upward from the lower edge portion to the front edge portion, the side wall portion may have a mounting surface located forwardly of and below the inclined portion when viewed in the vehicle width direction, and the oil control valve unit may be secured to the mounting surface of the side wall portion. With this configuration, a size increase of the power unit case can be prevented, and at the same time the length over which the oil control valve unit projects from the power unit case can be reduced. In an exemplary configuration, the mounting surface may be located inwardly of an outer end face of the frame-shaped wall portion in the vehicle width direction, and an outer end of the oil control valve unit in the vehicle width direction may be located inwardly of an outer end of the power unit case in the vehicle width direction. With this configuration, the contact of the oil control valve unit with the ground can be reduced when the vehicle overturns. In an exemplary configuration, the oil control valve unit may be secured to the mounting surface by fastening a fastener element onto the mounting surface from outside to inside in the vehicle width direction. With this configuration, mounting and dismounting of the oil control valve unit can easily be performed by access from outside in the vehicle width direction. In an exemplary configuration, the oil control valve unit may have an elongated shape, and the oil control valve unit may be disposed to extend longitudinally in a forward/rearward direction. With this configuration, components other than the oil control valve unit can easily be mounted on the case body in such a manner that the other components are adjacent to the oil control valve unit in the vehicle width direction.

11380028

TECHNICAL FIELD The present description relates generally to electronic drawings systems and methods, and more particularly to electronic drawings with handwriting recognition. BACKGROUND Some electronic devices provide electronic drawing capabilities by which a user can enter drawing input using their finger on a touchscreen or touchpad, or using a stylus device on the touchscreen or touchpad, on a surface, or in three-dimensions in the air. The drawing input is stored in memory and can be displayed for viewing by the user, on a display of the electronic device.

11239847

BACKGROUND Modern electronic systems such as radio-enabled systems and/or microprocessor systems often generate a local clock signal that is synchronized to an external clock. Such clock generation systems often include a phase lock loop (PLL) circuit, which is phase synchronized to an input reference signal. Various faults can occur in the reception of the input reference signal, such that the receiving of the input reference signal by the PLL is interrupted. Failure of the PLL circuit to properly generate a local system clock can result in a loss of the integrity of the PLL-generated system clock. A lack of prompt detection and/or mitigation of the loss of the input reference signal can result in critical system malfunctioning and/or loss of data. SUMMARY In described examples, a first clock generator generates an output clock signal in response to an input reference signal and in response to a feedback signal that is generated in response to the output clock signal. A code generator generates a code in response to the input reference signal. A loss detector generates an indication of a loss of the input reference signal in response to the feedback signal and at least two codes generated by the code generator.

11469244

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This U.S. nonprovisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0112099 filed on Sep. 10, 2019, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. BACKGROUND The present inventive concepts relate to a three-dimensional semiconductor memory device. Semiconductor devices have been highly integrated to meet higher performance and/or lower manufacturing cost which may be required by customers. Because integration of the semiconductor devices is a factor in determining product price, higher integration is increasingly requested. Integration of typical two-dimensional or planar semiconductor devices is primarily determined by the area occupied by a unit memory cell, such that it is influenced by the level of technology for forming fine patterns. However, the expensive processing equipment needed to increase pattern fineness may set a practical limitation on increasing the integration of the two-dimensional or planar semiconductor devices. Therefore, there have been proposed three-dimensional semiconductor memory devices having three-dimensionally arranged memory cells. SUMMARY Some example embodiments of the present inventive concepts provide three-dimensional semiconductor memory devices with increased reliability. An object of the present inventive concepts is not limited to the mentioned above, and other objects which have not been mentioned above will be clearly understood to those skilled in the art from the following description. According to some example embodiments of the present inventive concepts, a three-dimensional semiconductor memory device may comprise: a plurality of intergate dielectric layers and a plurality of electrode layers alternately stacked on a substrate; a vertical semiconductor pattern that penetrates the intergate dielectric layers and the electrode layers, the vertical semiconductor pattern extending into the substrate; a plurality of blocking dielectric patterns between the vertical semiconductor pattern and the electrode layers, respectively, the plurality of blocking dielectric patterns spaced apart from each other; a tunnel dielectric layer between the blocking dielectric patterns and the vertical semiconductor pattern, the tunnel dielectric layer in contact with the blocking dielectric patterns and simultaneously with the intergate dielectric layers; and a plurality of first charge storage patterns between the blocking dielectric patterns and the tunnel dielectric layer, respectively, the first charge storage patterns spaced apart from each other. One of the first charge storage patterns may be in contact with a top surface and a bottom surface of one of the blocking dielectric patterns. According to some example embodiments of the present inventive concepts, a three-dimensional semiconductor memory device may comprise: a substrate on a peripheral logic structure; a source pattern on the substrate; a plurality of intergate dielectric layers and a plurality of electrode layers are alternately stacked on the source pattern; a vertical semiconductor pattern that penetrates the intergate dielectric layers, the electrode layers, and the source pattern, the vertical semiconductor pattern extending into the substrate; a plurality of blocking dielectric patterns between the vertical semiconductor pattern and the electrode layers, respectively, the blocking dielectric patterns spaced apart from each other; a tunnel dielectric layer between the blocking dielectric patterns and the vertical semiconductor pattern, the tunnel dielectric layer in contact with the blocking dielectric patterns and simultaneously with the intergate dielectric layers; and a plurality of first charge storage patterns between the blocking dielectric patterns and the tunnel dielectric layer, respectively, the first charge storage patterns spaced apart from each other. One of the first charge storage patterns may be in contact with a sidewall of one of the blocking dielectric patterns and simultaneously with a sidewall of the intergate dielectric layer adjacent to the one of the first charge storage pattern. According to some example embodiments of the present inventive concepts, a three-dimensional semiconductor memory device may comprise: a plurality of intergate dielectric layers and a plurality of electrode layers alternately stacked on a substrate; a vertical semiconductor pattern that penetrates the intergate dielectric layers and the electrode layers, the vertical semiconductor pattern extending into the substrate; a plurality of blocking dielectric patterns between the vertical semiconductor pattern and the electrode layers, respectively, the blocking dielectric patterns spaced apart from each other; a tunnel dielectric layer between the blocking dielectric patterns and the vertical semiconductor pattern, the tunnel dielectric layer in contact with the blocking dielectric patterns and simultaneously with the intergate dielectric layers; and a plurality of first charge storage patterns between the blocking dielectric patterns and the tunnel dielectric layer, respectively, the first charge storage patterns spaced apart from each other. A vertical length of one of the first charge storage patterns may be greater than a vertical length of one of the blocking dielectric patterns. The one of the blocking dielectric patterns may be in contact with the one of the first charge storage patterns.

11431214

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is the U.S. national stage application of International Patent Application No. PCT/KR2017/007479, filed Jul. 12, 2017, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of Korean Application Nos. 10-2016-0087830, filed Jul. 12, 2016, and 10-2016-0169540, filed Dec. 13, 2016, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a rotor and a motor including the same. BACKGROUND ART An electric power steering (EPS) system is an apparatus which secures turning stability of a vehicle and rapidly provides a restoring force so that a driver can safely travel. The EPS system drives a motor using an electronic control unit (ECU) according to traveling conditions which are detected by a vehicle speed sensor, a torque angle sensor, and a torque sensor to control driving of a steering shaft of the vehicle. The motor includes a stator and a rotor. The stator may include teeth which form a plurality of slots, and the rotor may include a plurality of magnets facing the teeth. The adjacent teeth are disposed to be spaced apart from each other to form a slot open. Here, a cogging torque may be generated due to a difference in magnetic permeability between the stator formed of a metal, and the slot open, which is an empty space when the rotor rotates. Since such a cogging torque is a cause of noise and vibration, reduction of the cogging torque is the most important to improve quality of the motor. Particularly, a torque ripple may be generated in a high-speed condition, and the torque ripple may cause a vibration problem in a steering apparatus. DISCLOSURE Technical Problem The present invention is directed to providing a motor capable of reducing a cogging torque and a torque ripple. Objectives that have to be solved according to the embodiments are not limited to the above described objectives, and other objectives which are not described above will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following specification. One aspect of the present invention provides a rotor including a rotor core having a cylindrical shape and including a plurality of magnets disposed to surround an outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, wherein the magnet includes an inner circumferential surface in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, when a first angle is defined by dividing an angle formed by the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core by the number of magnets, a second angle is formed by a first extension line and a second extension line which extend from both end points of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet to a center point of the rotor core on cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet, and a ratio of the second angle to the first angle is in a range of 0.87 to 0.93. The number of magnets may be six. The number of magnets may be eight. The rotor may further include a can member which accommodates the rotor core and the magnet. The plurality of magnets may be disposed in a single stage on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, and the plurality of magnets may be disposed to be spaced a predetermined distance from each other. A height of the rotor core may be the same as that of the magnet on the basis of a longitudinal section of the rotor core and a longitudinal section of the magnet. Another aspect of the present invention provides a motor including a rotating shaft, a rotor including a hole into which the rotating shaft is inserted, and a stator disposed outside the rotor, wherein the rotor includes a rotor core which surrounds the rotating shaft and includes a magnet disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, and the stator includes a stator core having a plurality of teeth, the number of vibrations of a cogging torque wave per unit rotation is two times a least common multiple of the number of magnets and the number of teeth. The magnet may include an inner circumferential surface in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, when a first angle is defined by dividing an angle formed by the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core by the number of magnets, a second angle may be formed by a first extension line and a second extension line which extend from both end points of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet to a center point of the rotor core on cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet, and a ratio of the second angle to the first angle may be in a range of 0.87 to 0.93. The number of magnets may be six, and the number of teeth may be nine. The number of magnets may be eight, and the number of teeth may be twelve. The motor may further include a can member which accommodates the rotor core and the magnet. The plurality of magnets may be disposed in a single stage on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, and the plurality of magnets may be disposed to be spaced a predetermined distance from each other. A height of the rotor core may be the same as that of the magnet on the basis of a longitudinal section of the rotor core and a longitudinal section of the magnet. Still another aspect of the present invention provides a motor including a rotating shaft, a rotor including a hole into which the rotating shaft is inserted, and a stator disposed outside the rotor, wherein the rotor includes a rotor core which surrounds the rotating shaft and a magnet disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, the magnet includes an inner circumferential surface in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, when a first angle is defined by dividing an angle formed by the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core by the number of magnets, a second angle is formed by a first extension line and a second extension line which extend from both end points of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet to a center point of the rotor core on cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet, and a ratio of the second angle to the first angle is in a range of 0.87 to 0.93 The number of vibrations of a cogging torque wave per unit rotation may be two times a least common multiple of the number of magnets and the number of teeth. The number of magnets may be six, and the number of teeth may be nine. The number of magnets may be eight, and the number of teeth may be twelve. The motor may further include a can member which accommodates the rotor core and the magnet. The plurality of magnets may be disposed in a single stage on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, and the plurality of magnets may be disposed to be spaced a predetermined distance from each other. A height of the rotor core may be the same as that of the magnet on the basis of a longitudinal section of the rotor core and a longitudinal section of the magnet. Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a rotor including a rotor core having a cylindrical shape and including a plurality of magnets disposed to surround an outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, wherein the magnet includes an inner circumferential surface in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, when a first angle is defined by dividing an angle formed by the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core by the number of magnets, a second angle is formed by a first extension line and a second extension line which extend from both end points of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet to a center point of the rotor core on cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet, and a ratio of the second angle to the first angle is in a range of 0.92 to 0.95. When a radius of a curvature of an outer circumferential surface of the magnet is referred to as a first radius and a radius of a curvature of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet is referred to as a second radius on cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet, a ratio of the first radius to the second radius may be in a range of 0.5 to 0.7. A center of a curvature of the outer circumferential surface of the magnet may be disposed outside a center of a curvature of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet in a radius direction of the rotor core. The center of the curvature of the outer circumferential surface of the magnet may be colinear with the center of the curvature of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet in the radius direction of the rotor core. The number of magnets may be six. The number of the magnets may be eight. The rotor may further include a can member which accommodates the rotor core and the magnet. The plurality of magnets may be disposed in a single stage on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, and the plurality of magnets may be disposed to be spaced a predetermined distance from each other. A height of the rotor core may be the same as that of the magnet on the basis of a longitudinal section of the rotor core and a longitudinal section of the magnet. Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a rotor including a rotor core having a cylindrical shape and including a plurality of magnets disposed to surround an outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, wherein the magnet includes an inner circumferential surface in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, and when a radius of a curvature of the outer circumferential surface of the magnet is referred to as a first radius and a radius of a curvature of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet is referred to as a second radius on cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet, a ratio of the first radius to the second radius is in a range of 0.5 to 0.7. When a first angle is defined by dividing an angle formed by the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core by the number of magnets, a second angle may be formed by a first extension line and a second extension line which extend from both end points of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet to a center point of the rotor core on cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet, and a ratio of the second angle to the first angle may be in a range of 0.92 to 0.95. A center of a curvature of the outer circumferential surface of the magnet may be disposed outside a center of a curvature of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet in a radius direction of the rotor core. The center of the curvature of the outer circumferential surface of the magnet may be colinear with the center of the curvature of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet in the radius direction of the rotor core. The number of magnets may be six. The number of the magnets may be eight. The rotor may further include a can member which accommodates the rotor core and the magnet. The plurality of magnets may be disposed in a single stage on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, and the plurality of magnets may be disposed to be spaced a predetermined distance from each other. Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a motor including a rotating shaft, a rotor including a hole into which the rotating shaft is inserted, and a stator disposed outside the rotor, wherein the rotor includes a rotor which surrounds the rotating shaft and a magnet disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, and the stator includes a stator core having a plurality of teeth, the magnet includes an inner circumferential surface in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, when a first angle is defined by dividing an angle formed by the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core by the number of magnets, a second angle is formed by a first extension line and a second extension line which extend from both end points of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet to a center point of the rotor core on cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet, and a ratio of the second angle to the first angle is in a range of 0.92 to 0.95 When a radius of a curvature of an outer circumferential surface of the magnet is referred to as a first radius and a radius of a curvature of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet is referred to as a second radius on cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet, a ratio of the first radius to the second radius may be in a range of 0.5 to 0.7. Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a motor including a rotating shaft, a rotor including a hole into which the rotating shaft is inserted, and a stator disposed outside the rotor, wherein the rotor includes a rotor core which surrounds the rotating shaft and includes a magnet disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, the magnet includes an inner circumferential surface in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, and when a radius of a curvature of an outer circumferential surface of the magnet on cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet is referred to as a first radius and a radius of a curvature of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet is referred to as a second radius on cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet, a ratio of the first radius to the second radius is in a range of 0.5 to 0.7. When a first angle is defined by dividing an angle formed by the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core by the number of magnets, a second angle may be formed by a first extension line and a second extension line which extend from both end points of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet to a center point of the rotor core on cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet, and a ratio of the second angle to the first angle may be in a range of 0.92 to 0.95. Advantageous Effects According to an embodiment, an advantageous effect is provided in that a cogging torque is greatly reduced by decreasing a width of a magnet to double a cogging main degree.

11332028

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention Vehicles with electrical drive comprise an accumulator to feed the drive. A charging socket is provided at many vehicles in order to transmit energy from outside into the accumulator, which is to say a charging procedure, or also to feed the energy back into a supply grid. Charging stations, which in simple terms can be referred to as alternating voltage sources, exist for this purpose. The number of phases of this alternating voltage source differs depending on the connection to the mains grid or also according to the configuration of the mains grid. An object of the invention is to indicate a possibility by means of which different charging points, with different numbers of phases, can be used with little complexity in the vehicle. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This object is achieved by the subjects of the independent claims. Further forms of embodiment, features, properties and advantages emerge from the dependent claims, the description and the figures. The procedure described here is based on the following considerations: Different chaining factors occur with different numbers of phases, and thereby also different peak voltages at the DC voltage side of the rectifier. The chaining factor rises with the number of phases, and with that the requirements of voltage rating of the DC link capacitor. With low phase numbers, however, higher alternating voltage components that require smoothing are found at the DC voltage side of the rectifier than is the case with higher numbers of phases, with reference in each case to the DC voltage component. With only a single phase, the voltage ripple of the pulsing DC voltage that is found during rectification extends over the full amplitude, whereas a markedly lower voltage ripple arises in a three-phase system as a result of the overlapping of the phases. It has been noted that an alternating voltage charging system for single- and multi-phase charging comprises a DC link capacitor which in either setting is overdimensioned in one respect: in the case of single-phase charging, only a comparatively small voltage (corresponding to the lower chaining factor) requiring smoothing occurs (in comparison with multi-phase charging), while the capacitor must nevertheless have a rated voltage that is appropriate for the multi-phase charging, since one and the same capacitor is usually used in the intermediate circuit. In the case of multi-phase charging, only a comparatively low voltage ripple occurs, while the capacitor must nevertheless have a capacitance that is appropriate for the single-phase charging with increased voltage ripple if, as is usual, one and the same DC link capacitor is used. It is therefore proposed that multiple DC link capacitors are used with an alternating current charging device that is provided for single- and multi-phase charging, wherein said capacitors are connected in parallel for single-phase charging in order in that way to achieve a high capacitance (wherein the low voltage rating is less critical in the case of single-phase charging, and can be accepted). The DC link capacitors are connected in series for multi-phase charging, in order in that way to achieve a high voltage rating, since the voltage to be smoothed is distributed in the series circuit over the DC link capacitors (wherein the low capacitance of the series circuit is less critical with multi-phase charging, and can be accepted). The DC link capacitors are thus utilized optimally in each of the said charging types; there is no overdimensioning in terms of capacitance or of voltage rating. An alternating voltage charging device for a vehicle (in particular a vehicle that is chargeable from the outside, i.e. a plug-in vehicle) is therefore described. The alternating voltage charging device is preferably a vehicle-side alternating voltage charging device. The charging device comprises: a rectifier, an accumulator terminal and at least two DC link capacitors. A component that is configured to exercise the function as a rectifier is described as the rectifier. This can be the only function of the component, but can also be one of a plurality of functions. If, for example, the rectifier is bidirectional, then it is configured for the functions of rectifying and inverting. The accumulator terminal serves to connect an accumulator, preferably a high-voltage accumulator. A vehicle electrical system with a charging device as described here can be provided which furthermore comprises an accumulator that is connected to the accumulator terminal. The accumulator terminal usually comprises (at least) two contacts, in particular a positive contact and a negative contact. The DC link capacitors can each be formed of one capacitor element, but are preferably designed as a plurality of capacitor elements connected in parallel that may be mounted on a carrier and connected together. Each of the DC link capacitors can, in other words, be realized as a capacitor bank. The charging device thus comprises a first DC link capacitor. This is configured to smooth the pulsating DC voltage that arises at the rectifier. This first DC link capacitor is provided between the rectifier and the accumulator terminal, in particular connected in parallel, perhaps to a busbar between the rectifier and the accumulator terminal. A switch device is provided to select whether the DC link capacitors are connected in parallel or in series. The charging device comprises such a switch device. The switch device connects the at least one second DC link capacitor to the at least one first DC link capacitor, in particular connected selectively in parallel or in series. The switch device is configured to connect the DC link capacitors (i.e. the at least one first and the at least one second DC link capacitor) in parallel in a first switch state. The switch device is configured to connect the DC link capacitors to one another in series in a second switch state. The switch device can be realized by means of electromechanical switches or by means of semiconductor switches such as transistors, for example MOSFETs or IGBTs. A series switch can be connected in series between the capacitors which, when it is closed (i.e. in the second switch state), connects the capacitors in series. The capacitors each comprise a first and a second electrode. The first electrode of the first capacitor can be connected permanently to a first potential of the DC voltage side of the rectifier, for example with the positive potential. The first electrode of the second capacitor can be connected permanently to a second potential of the DC voltage side of the rectifier, for example with the negative potential. The series switch connects the second electrodes (i.e. the inner electrodes) to one another (in a switchable manner). A first parallel switch switchably connects—and preferably in the first switch state—the second electrode of the first capacitor to the second potential, in particular the negative potential. A second parallel switch switchably connects—and preferably in the first switch state—the second electrode of the second capacitor to the first potential, for example a supply potential. The series switch on the one hand and the parallel switches on the other hand are closed in alternation (and in particular also opened in alternation). A controller that is connected in a controlling manner to the switches can be provided, and is configured to close and to open the switches in alternation in the illustrated manner. Only when the series switch is driven open (i.e. in the first switch state) are the parallel switches in the closed state, corresponding to the first switch state. Only when the parallel switches are driven open (i.e. in the second switch state) is the series switch in the closed state, corresponding to the second switch state. The controller is configured to drive the switches accordingly. The second potential can be a reference potential, for example ground, or can correspond to the negative potential of the device. The first potential can be a supply potential, for example the positive potential of the device. The charging device and, in particular, the rectifier, is designed for single-phase charging (“single-phase mode”, corresponding to the first switch state) and for multi-phase charging (“multi-phase mode”, corresponding to the second switch state). It is preferably provided that the modes are only active in alternation, not simultaneously. The switch device is configured to adopt the first switch state during a single-phase charging process (corresponding to a parallel connection of the capacitors), and to adopt the second switch state during a multi-phase charging process (corresponding to a series connection of the capacitors). The rectifier preferably comprises an alternating voltage side. This is connected to a plurality of phase terminals. The phase terminals are, for example, configured for single-phase charging and multi-phase charging. The alternating voltage side is alternatively connected to a multi-phase terminal as well as to a single-phase terminal. The terminals are then arranged in parallel with one another from the electrical point of view. The rectifier can be a passive rectifier. The rectifier can, furthermore, be an active rectifier. The rectifier can in addition be a bidirectional rectifier. Finally, the rectifier can be an inverter that is configured, in a rectifier mode, to rectify selectively in a single- or multi-phase manner, and, in an inverter mode, to convert DC voltage into single- or multi-phase alternating voltage in the opposite direction. Components that are configured to exercise the function of rectification are thus referred to as rectifiers. This can, however, be one of a plurality of functions. As an active rectifier, this comprises switches that can be controlled from outside, such as semiconductor switches such as transistors, for example MOSFETs or IGBTs. This is also true for the configuration as an inverter. As a passive rectifier, this comprises diodes as switches. In one form of embodiment the rectifier is designed as an inverter. The inverter is connected to an electric machine (as part of the device), or comprises machine phase terminals for connection to an electric machine. It can be provided that the electric machine connects the inverter to the charging terminal. The charging current path also passes here through the windings of the electric machine (or at least one of them), in order to enable a filtering effect or voltage conversion (in addition to the rectification). In a further form of embodiment the rectifier is also designed as an inverter. This is connected selectively through a selection switch either to the charging terminal or to an electric machine, or to machine phase terminals for connection to an electric machine. The charging current path does not in this case pass through the electric machine. It can be provided that at least a first and/or the at least one second DC link capacitor is designed as a plurality of capacitor elements connected in parallel. The installation space can thereby be more flexibly designed. At least one supplementary smoothing capacitor connected to the DC side of the rectifier in parallel (and in particular not switchable or configurable) can be provided. The DC voltage converter, or its DC voltage side, can be connected directly (i.e. without any voltage-converting elements) to the accumulator terminal. A DC voltage converter can alternatively be provided between the DC link capacitors and the accumulator terminal. Instead of a rectifier, a DC voltage converter, or another component with a DC voltage side, can be provided, which is connected, as described here, to the DC link capacitors, for example a DC voltage converter, that has a side at which, when operating, a pulsating (for example a chopped and/or pulse-width modulated) DC voltage appears that is smoothed by means of the DC link capacitors. The device can be provided for general tasks, and is not limited to a charging device; in particular, the device can be a converter or a current converter. The device described here is preferably associated with a vehicle, or employed in a vehicle electrical system, but can also be provided in a stationary device, for example in a charging station or in a (mobile) charging unit external to the vehicle. Finally, a vehicle electrical system (or a charging station) can be provided that is fitted with a device as described here. In addition, a method for the single- or multi-phase alternating current charging of a vehicle is also described. The purpose of the method is to rectify an alternating charging voltage. The rectified charging voltage is smoothed or supported by means of a first and a second DC link capacitor. If a multi-phase alternating charging voltage is rectified, the rectified charging voltage is smoothed by means of a series interconnection of the DC link capacitors. If a single-phase alternating charging voltage is rectified, the rectified charging voltage is to be smoothed by means of a parallel interconnection of the DC link capacitors (i.e. the same DC link capacitors). The identical DC link capacitors are used in both cases, although in different configurations (i.e. connected in parallel or in series). Preferably a determination as to whether a single-phase alternating charging voltage or multi-phase alternating charging voltage is present at a charging terminal is made before the smoothing. If a multi-phase alternating charging voltage is present, the DC link capacitors are connected in series (corresponding to the second switch setting). If a single-phase alternating charging voltage is present, the DC link capacitors are connected in parallel (corresponding to the first switch setting). The smoothing is preferably performed by means of the DC link capacitors after the DC link capacitors have been connected. The connection can also be referred to as configuration. The connection is preferably carried out by means of the switch device. The determination can be provided by a controller that is in particular connected in a controlling manner to the said switches of the device. A higher-level control unit can, furthermore, perform the determination and transmit a relevant configuration signal to the controller that is connected in a controlling manner with the switch device. An occupancy sensor, a voltage sensor, a frequency ascertainment unit or a signal input interface (preferably wireless) that are connected to an input of the controller or of the higher-level control unit can be provided. If the occupancy sensor or the voltage sensor only ascertains one or two occupied contacts carrying a potential at the alternating voltage side of the rectifier, at the phase terminals (including a neutral line) or (an occupancy) at the single-phase terminal, then single-phase charging is to be assumed, corresponding to the first switch state. If the occupancy sensor or the voltage sensor ascertains more occupied contacts carrying a potential at the alternating voltage side of the rectifier (corresponding to phases of a three-phase grid), at the phase terminals or (an occupancy) at the multi-phase terminal, then multi-phase charging is to be assumed, corresponding to the second switch state. If the frequency ascertainment unit ascertains a frequency of 60 Hz, corresponding to the frequency in a US supply grid, then single-phase charging is to be assumed. If the frequency ascertainment unit ascertains a frequency of 50 Hz and a multi-phase occupancy, then multi-phase charging is to be assumed. In the same way, the signal input interface can be configured to receive a signal that explicitly or inherently identifies the charging type (i.e. single-phase or multi-phase), so that the switch setting is chosen depending on this charging type. The charging device is configured to carry out the method.

11395914

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to electrical stimulation of target nerves to enhance waste clearance in the brain. The central nervous system (CNS) lymphatic system is made up of multiple components and pathways including the glymphatic system. The glymphatic system (or glymphatic clearance pathway) is a macroscopic waste clearance system for the vertebrate CNS utilizing a unique system of perivascular tunnels formed by glial cells to promote efficient elimination of soluble and insoluble proteins and metabolites from the CNS. The pathway provides a para-arterial influx route for cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) to travel in the perivascular space surrounding descending vasculature and enter the brain parenchyma through AQP4 channels, and a clearance mechanism via convective movement of interstitial fluid (ISF) for extracellular solutes such as misfolded proteins and unwanted metabolites to be removed from the brain. The aggregation of pathogenic proteins β-amyloid, α-synuclein, and C-tau in the brain may cause the deleterious effects of numerous diseases and disorders such as traumatic brain injury/chronic traumatic encephalopathy, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Removal of these pathogenic proteins has been found to have substantial therapeutic benefit, for example, in treating traumatic brain injury/chronic traumatic encephalopathy, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Increasing the penetration of CSF into the brain parenchyma can serve many therapeutic purposes, including diluting endogenous neurochemical transmitter concentrations within the brain, altering the clearance rates of drugs delivered orally that penetrate through the blood-brain barrier or delivered via a catheter system to the brain, and reducing non-synaptic coupling between neurons to treat diverse conditions leading to increased neural activity including anxiety disorders, tremor, and seizure. Transport of CSF along the periarterial spaces into the brain parenchyma and into the cervical and thoracic lymph nodes is driven by cerebral arterial pulsation to the brain. It has previously been found that ligation of the carotid artery or administration of a central sympatholytic such as dobutamine can alter the pulsatility of the cerebral vasculature to drive CSF movement in the associated perivascular space. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present inventors have found that electrical stimulation of easily accessible neural inputs located outside of the brain and amenable to minimally invasive or non-invasive stimulation strategies can induce cardiovascular and respiratory changes, dilate arterial vessels and increase the pulsatility (change in the vessel diameters over time relative to a mean vessel diameter) of penetrating arterial vessels in the brain thus leading to increased clearance of misfolded proteins from the brain. Specifically, electrical stimulation of cranial nerves or local areas around the cranial nerves may selectively cause oscillations in pressure and dilation of arteries that help to improve waste clearance in the brain. However, these methods are limited by the body's compensation responses that quickly habituate these effects over time and do not maintain a sustained response when nerves are continuously and repeatedly electrically stimulated. In this respect, continuous stimulation of the cranial nerves only causes brief transient changes in blood flow. The present inventors recognize that pulsatility of arteries has intrinsic time constraints related to the time for vasodilation/constriction and time to return to baseline (TBL) after electrical stimulation, which may affect the pulsatility response. In this respect, these time constraints for stimulation induced vasodilation/constriction and subsequent return to baseline define the maximum and minimum changes to pulsatility. The present invention provides control of temporal patterning and the stimulation waveform in order to maximize the physiological response to cerebral pulsatility and its resulting effects on brain waste clearance. Thus, the electrical stimulation is temporally patterned to generate multiple vasodilation/constriction pulses in succession to optimize and sustain the pulsating action to continuously drive CSF into the brain parenchyma over long periods of time. Electrical stimulation of specific cranial nerves such as the branches of the trigeminal nerve, i.e., buccal and lingual branch nerves, and the facial nerve creates a more sustained pulsatility activity compared to stimulation of other cranial nerves. One possible explanation for this is that the facial and trigeminal nerves have direct sympathetic/parasympathetic innervation of the cerebral vasculature through several routes, including through the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG), which are part of neural pathways that directly control the vasodilation/constriction of the cerebral arteries. As a result, the time course for dilation and constriction after a stimulation burst can be quicker than other cranial nerves because the response is quicker than inputs from the spinal cord which change peripheral sympathetic tone or peripheral inputs such as the sciatic nerve that change blood flow primarily through sensory activity mediated neurovascular coupling. Also, stimulation through pathways that change sympathetic/parasympathetic tone outside the brain dilate the peripheral vasculature outside of the brain. The change in blood flow in the brain is primarily in response to this change in peripheral blood flow to maintain perfusion (there are also occasionally indirect connections between the vagus and facial nerve in some subjects). As vagus nerve stimulation only indirectly influences blood flow in cerebral vasculature, it has a slower time constant between burst of stimulation for changes in flow to return to normal. Therefore, the present invention provides 1) a unique intraoral device to conveniently and non-invasively activate the facial/trigeminal nerves and 2) unique temporal stimulation patterns to increase CSF flow via the trigeminal/facial nerves, nerve inputs associated with the baroreflex (vagus, aortic depressor, carotid sinus, baroreceptor beds in the bulb, aorta), and peripheral nerve inputs not clearly associated with the baroreflex (median nerve, sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, spinal cord). 1) A Unique Intraoral Device to Conveniently and Non-Invasively Activate the Facial/Trigeminal Nerves Specifically, the present invention provides an electrical stimulation device for improving waste clearance through the perivascular system of the blood brain barrier including at least one electrode configured to stimulate a facial nerve; an electrical generator generating a carrier wave having a carrier frequency stimulating the perivascular system into increased CSF/ISF flow; a modulator receiving the carrier wave and a modulation wave to modulate the carrier wave for application to at least one electrode; and an electrical modulation generator generating the modulation wave having a predetermined periodicity providing a first period of stimulation of the perivascular system and a second period of relaxation of the perivascular system, the predetermined periodicity selected to increase pulsatility over continuous stimulation of the perivascular system by the carrier frequency. It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the present invention to utilize increased cerebral blood flow through arterial vessels to improve the penetration of cerebrospinal fluid into the brain parenchyma. The electrode may include a cathode positioned distally with respect to a lingual or facial nerve ending and an anode positioned proximally with respect to the lingual or facial nerve ending. The cathode and the anode may be spaced apart along an axis substantially parallel to the nerve. The cathode and anode may be reversed depending on local anatomy. It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the present invention to generate a circuit of electrical impulses along the nerve fibers. At least one electrode may be adapted to stimulate at least one of a trigeminal nerve, buccal branch nerve, mental branch nerve and facial nerve. It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the present invention to create stimulus locked changes in cerebral blood flow as compared to stimulation of nerves where habituation occurs. The at least one electrode may be supported by a mouthpiece engaging a jaw of a user's mouth. It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the present invention to utilize the anatomical consistency of the nerves in the jaw region with respect to the jawbone to easily approximate nerve stimulation locations, for example, through the mental foramen. The mouthpiece may be comprised of a curved tube having an inner and outer wall flanking a channel receiving an upper or lower dental arch of a user and covering an outer labia gingiva of the teeth. At least one electrode may be supported by an inner surface of the outer wall to contact the labia gingiva. It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the present invention to utilize the hydrated epithelial tissue below the gingiva mucosa to provide a conductive path for more efficient electrical stimulation of nerves. A cathode electrode may be positioned toward a front of the curved mouthpiece receiving the anterior teeth and an anode electrode is positioned toward a rear of the mouthpiece receiving the premolar teeth. The cathode electrode may be positioned to overlay nerve endings of the mental branch nerve with less than 1 cm distance between the cathode electrode and the nerve endings. It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the present invention to provide precise electrical access to the nerve endings where the nerves are positioned close to the outer epidermis of the epithelial tissue. The mouthpiece may support a first anode-cathode electrode pair on a left side of the mouthpiece and a second anode-cathode electrode pair on a right side of the mouthpiece. It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the present invention to carry multiple electrode pairs for simultaneous multi-nerve stimulation. The at least one electrode may be supported by a dental filling inserted within a cavity of the tooth. The at least one electrode may be supported by a dental implant inserted within a jawbone. It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the present invention to utilize precise electrical access to the nerve endings of the molar teeth in close proximity to the roots of the molar teeth. Sensors detecting salivary biomarkers may indicate a change to CSF flow selected from at least one of the following: amyloid beta peptide, tau protein, lactoferrin, alpha-synuclein, DJ-1 protein, chromogranin A, huntingtin protein, DNA methylation disruptions, and micro-RNA. It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the present invention to provide quick visual indication of improved waste clearance through known biomarkers in the patient's saliva. Electrodes may be used to record electrophysiological signals to detect changes in low frequency power brain waves that propagate outside the calvarium. Electrodes may also be used to pick up heart rate and heart rate variability. It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the present invention to provide quick visual indication of engagement of the stimulating electrodes with the nerves. 2) Unique Temporal Stimulation Patterns to Increase CSF Flow via the Trigeminal/Facial Nerves, Nerve Inputs Associated with the Baroreflex (Vagus, Aortic Depressor, Carotid Sinus, Baroreceptor Beds in the Bulb, Aorta), and Peripheral Nerve Inputs not Clearly Associated with the Baroreflex (Median Nerve, Sciatic Nerve, Tibial Nerve, Spinal Cord) An alternative embodiment of the present invention may provide a method of improving waste clearance through the perivascular system of the blood brain barrier including positioning at least one electrode in close proximity to a nerve; generating a carrier wave having a carrier frequency stimulating the perivascular system into increased CSF/ISF flow; generating the modulation wave having a predetermined periodicity providing a first period of stimulation of the perivascular system and a second period of relaxation of the perivascular system, the predetermined periodicity selected to increase pulsatility over continuous stimulation of the perivascular system by the carrier frequency; and modulating the carrier wave and applying the carrier wave to the electrode. For stimulation of the facial nerves, trigeminal nerves, and sphenopalatine ganglia the carrier frequency of the carrier wave may be between 25 Hz and 55 Hz and centered around 50 Hz. The modulation wave may have a frequency between 0.5 Hz and 0.1 Hz. The modulation wave may have a time duration (“bursts”) of between 1 second and 10 seconds with a pulse interval (unstimulated period between “bursts”) between 1 second and 10 seconds. For stimulation of the vagus nerve, carotid sinus nerve, and baroreceptors the carrier frequency of the carrier wave may be between 20 Hz and 50 Hz and centered around 30 Hz. The modulation wave may have a frequency between 1/45 Hz and 1/180 Hz. The modulation wave may have a time duration (“bursts”) of between 15 second and 60 seconds and around 30 seconds with a pulse interval (unstimulated period between “bursts”) between 30 seconds and 120 seconds and around 60 seconds. For stimulation of the sciatic nerve and peripheral nerve the carrier frequency of the carrier wave may be between 20 Hz and 55 Hz and centered around 50 Hz. The modulation wave may have a frequency between 1/300 Hz and 1/540 Hz. The modulation wave may have a time duration (“bursts”) of between 1 minute and 4 minutes and around 3 minutes with a pulse interval (unstimulated period between “bursts”) between 4 minutes and 6 minutes and around 5 minutes. It is thus a feature of at least one embodiment of the present invention to introduce periods of relaxation into the electrical stimulation parameters to improve recovery processes of the dilated blood vessels. At least one electrode may be positioned over the mental branch nerve. At least one electrode may be positioned over the inferior alveolar nerve. These particular objects and advantages may apply to only some embodiments falling within the claims and thus do not define the scope of the invention.

11483533

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The subject disclosure relates to a system and method for social immersive content rendering. BACKGROUND Spherical videos, also known as 360-degree videos, provide viewers with a panoramic view that allows the viewer to freely control their viewing directions during video playback. Spherical videos are recorded by omnidirectional cameras or camera array systems (e.g., FACEBOOK® Surround 360) facing outward from a particular point of view (PoV). These multiple cameras simultaneously record all 360 degrees of a scene that can be “wrapped” onto a 3D sphere via video stitching. Spherical videos can be either monoscopic (direct one image for both eyes) or stereoscopic (direct each eye with different images for a 3D effect). Unlike 360-degree videos, which do not have depth information, volumetric videos capture the full 3D space, and allow a viewer not only control her viewing direction, but also can relocate their PoV, which is commonly known as having six degrees of freedom (6DoF). Volumetric videos can be created by 3D modeling or various volumetric capturing techniques, e.g. using multiple red-green-blue-depth (RGB-D) cameras (e.g., offered by Microsoft Kinect, Intel RealSense) and various LIDAR scanners, which convert real world into 3D data. This 3D data then can be used to reproduce high-quality images about the real world and allows viewer to explore spatialized content from any viewpoint. Collectively, spherical video content and volumetric video content are also known as immersive media content. Social entertainment of such immersive media content brings more engagement and enjoyment, but with more challenges because there are multiple users interacting with the content, the environment and each other. Especially for off-site or asynchronous companions, digital avatars need to be driven by user activities, e.g., gesture, voice, and gaze, and synchronized within the same media, so that individual users can share their experience in an immersive fashion.

11355757

FIELD The present disclosure relates to an electrolytic copper foil, an electrode including the same, a secondary battery including the same, and a method for manufacturing the same. BACKGROUND An electrolytic copper foil is used to produce a variety of products such as anode current collectors for secondary batteries and flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs). In general, an electrolytic copper foil is produced through a roll-to-roll (RTR) process and is used to produce anode current collectors for secondary batteries, flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs) and the like, through a roll-to-roll (RTR) process. A roll-to-roll (RTR) process is known to be suitable for mass-production because it enables continuous production. However, in practice, because of fold and/or wrinkle of an electrolytic copper foil which often occurs during a roll-to-roll (RTR) process, it is necessary to stop a roll-to-roll (RTR) process equipment, solve the problems, and then re-operate the equipment. Repetition of stop and reoperation of the process equipment causes a serious problem of low productivity. In other words, the fold and/or wrinkle of an electrolytic copper foil which occurs during a roll-to-roll (RTR) process prevent continuous production of products, thus making it impossible to enjoy the advantages unique to the roll-to-roll (RTR) process and resulting in poor productivity. BRIEF SUMMARY Therefore, the present disclosure is directed to an electrolytic copper foil, an electrode including the same, a secondary battery including the same and a method for manufacturing the same capable of preventing these limitations and drawbacks of the related art. An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide an electrolytic copper foil the fold and/or wrinkle of which can be avoided or minimized during a roll-to-roll (RTR) process. Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide an electrode which is produced with an electrolytic copper foil through a roll-to-roll (RTR) process without fold and/or wrinkle of the electrolytic copper foil during the process, thereby guaranteeing high productivity. Further, another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a secondary battery which is produced with an electrolytic copper foil through a roll-to-roll (RTR) process without fold and/or wrinkle of the electrolytic copper foil during the process, thereby guaranteeing high productivity. Yet another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a method of manufacturing an electrolytic copper foil the fold and/or wrinkle of which can be avoided or minimized during a roll-to-roll (RTR) process. Additional aspects and features of the present disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the disclosure. The objectives and other advantages of the disclosure may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims. In accordance with the one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electrolytic copper foil having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the electrolytic copper foil comprising: a first protective layer at the first surface; a second protective layer at the second surface; and a copper film between the first and second protective layers, wherein the electrolytic copper foil has a longitudinal rising of 30 mm or less and a transverse rising of 25 mm or less, and the transverse rising is 8.5 times the longitudinal rising or less. When a center portion of the electrolytic copper foil is cut along a X-shaped cutting line of 5 cm×5 cm in a first direction which makes an angle of 35° to 55° with a longitudinal direction parallel with a transferring mark formed on the electrolytic copper foil and in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction so that a pair of first segments arranged side by side along the longitudinal direction and a pair of second segments arranged side by side along a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction are formed, the longitudinal rising and transverse rising are the greater of risings of the first segments in a direction the first or second surface is facing and the greater of risings of the second segments in a direction the first or second surface is facing, respectively. In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electrode for a secondary battery, the electrode comprising: the electrolytic copper foil; and an active material layer on the electrolytic copper foil, wherein the active material layer comprises at least one active material selected from the group consisting of: carbon; a metal of Si, Ge, Sn, Li, Zn, Mg, Cd, Ce, Ni or Fe; an alloy including the metal; an oxide of the metal; and a complex of the metal and carbon. In accordance with further another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a secondary battery comprising: a cathode; an anode; an electrolyte for providing an environment enabling lithium ions to move between the cathode and the anode; and a separator for electrically insulating the cathode from the anode, wherein the anode comprises: the electrolytic copper foil; and an active material layer on the electrolytic copper foil, wherein the active material layer comprises at least one active material selected from the group consisting of: carbon; a metal of Si, Ge, Sn, Li, Zn, Mg, Cd, Ce, Ni or Fe; an alloy including the metal; an oxide of the metal; and a complex of the metal and carbon. In accordance with yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for manufacturing an electrolytic copper foil, the method comprising: allowing a current to flow between an anode plate and a rotational cathode drum to form a copper film on the rotational cathode drum, the anode plate and rotational cathode drum spaced apart from each other in an electrolytic solution contained in an electrolytic bath; and dipping the copper foil in an anticorrosion solution, wherein the anode plate comprises first and second anode plates electrically insulated from each other, the forming the copper film comprises forming a seed layer by allowing a current to flow between the first anode plate and the rotational cathode drum, and then growing the seed layer by allowing a current to flow between the second anode plate and the rotational cathode drum, and a current density provided by the first anode plate is 1.5 times or more higher than a current density provided by the second anode plate. General description related to the present disclosure given above serves to illustrate or disclose the present disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. According to the present disclosure, a electrolytic copper foil the fold and/or wrinkle of which can be avoided or minimized during a roll-to-roll (RTR) process is used to produce a subassembly and a final product, such as a flexible printed circuit board, a secondary battery, and the like, so that the productivity of the final product as well as the subassembly can be increased.

11279254

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This nonprovisional application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-185830 filed on Oct. 9, 2019 with the Japan Patent Office, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. BACKGROUND Field The present disclosure relates to a vehicle that performs external charging to charge a power storage device mounted on the vehicle, using electric power supplied from a power supply external to the vehicle. Description of the Background Art US2015/0061594 discloses a vehicle that performs alternating current (AC) charging to charge a power storage device mounted on the vehicle, using electric power supplied from an AC power supply external to the vehicle through a charging cable. The vehicle includes an inlet connectable to a connector provided at a tip of the charging cable, and a locking device that switches between a locked state in which the connector connected to the inlet cannot be removed from the inlet and an unlocked state in which the connector connected to the inlet can be removed from the inlet. The locking device is brought from the locked state to the unlocked state in response to an operation of a release switch provided on a smart key or the like of the vehicle. Hereinafter, bringing the locking device from the locked state to the unlocked state may be referred to as “unlocking”. When unlocking is performed during execution of the AC charging, the vehicle stops the AC charging. When the connector is not disconnected from the inlet within a certain time period after the AC charging is stopped, the vehicle brings the locking device to the locked state and resumes the AC charging. SUMMARY A user may perform unlocking with the intention of ending the AC charging. In this case, disconnection of the connector from the inlet within the certain time period may be impossible for some reasons. In the above-described case, the vehicle disclosed in US2015/0061594 resumes the AC charging even though the user has no intention of continuing the AC charging. The present disclosure has been made to solve the above-described problem, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a vehicle that can resume and end external charging based on a user's intention when the external charging is stopped. (1) A vehicle according to the present disclosure is a vehicle that performs external charging to charge a power storage device mounted on the vehicle, using electric power supplied through a charging cable from a power supply external to the vehicle. The vehicle includes: an inlet to which a connector provided in the charging cable is connectable; a locking device that switches between a locked state and an unlocked state, the connector connected to the inlet being not able to be removed from the inlet in the locked state, the connector connected to the inlet being able to be removed from the inlet in the unlocked state; and a controller that permits execution of the external charging when the locking device is in the locked state. When the controller detects that the connector is connected to the inlet, the controller brings the locking device to the locked state. When a prescribed operation is performed during execution of the external charging, the controller brings the locking device to the unlocked state and stops the external charging. When a predetermined resume condition is satisfied within a prescribed time period after the external charging is stopped, and when the connector is connected to the inlet, the controller brings the locking device to the locked state and resumes the external charging. With the above-described configuration, when the resume condition is satisfied within the prescribed time period after the external charging is stopped, and when the connector is connected to the inlet, the external charging is resumed. For the resumption of the external charging, it is determined whether or not the resume condition is satisfied within the prescribed time period, in addition to determination as to whether or not the connector is connected to the inlet after a lapse of the prescribed time period. A condition that makes it possible to estimate that the user has an intention of resuming the external charging is set as the resume condition. For example, a specific operation performed on the vehicle can be set as the resume condition. Thus, by determining whether or not the resume condition is satisfied, it can be estimated whether or not the user has an intention of resuming the external charging. Since the external charging is resumed when the connector is connected to the inlet and when the resume condition is satisfied, the external charging can be resumed based on the user's intention. (2) In an embodiment, when the resume condition is not satisfied within the prescribed time period, the controller does not resume the external charging. With the above-described configuration, when the resume condition is not satisfied within the prescribed time period after the external charging is stopped, it is estimated that the user has no intention of resuming the external charging and the external charging is not resumed, even if the connector is connected to the inlet. By determining whether or not the resume condition is satisfied, the external charging can be ended based on the user's intention. For example, in the case of a configuration in which the external charging is resumed when the connector is connected to the inlet after a lapse of the prescribed time period from the stop of the external charging, an operation for stopping the external charging is necessary. However, the above-described configuration can eliminate the need for the operation for stopping the external charging. (3) In an embodiment, the resume condition includes at least one of a condition that a door of the vehicle has been opened and a condition that the door of the vehicle has been closed. With the above-described configuration, the resume condition includes a condition that an operation for opening the door of the vehicle has been performed on the vehicle by the user and/or a condition that an operation for closing the door of the vehicle has been performed on the vehicle by the user. The user having performed the operation for opening the door of the vehicle and/or the operation for closing the door of the vehicle without disconnection of the connector from the inlet even after a lapse of the prescribed time period from the stop of the external charging means that the user is, for example, taking out a baggage in the vehicle, and thus, it can be estimated that the user has no intention of ending the external charging (has an intention of resuming the external charging). In such a case, the external charging can be resumed. (4) In an embodiment, the vehicle further includes a door lock device that prohibits opening and closing of a door of the vehicle. The resume condition includes a condition that an operation for bringing the door lock device to a door-locked state has been performed. With the above-described configuration, the resume condition includes the condition that the operation for bringing the door lock device to the door-locked state has been performed. When the user has performed the operation for bringing the door lock device to the door-locked state without disconnection of the connector from the inlet even after a lapse of the prescribed time period from the stop of the external charging, it can be estimated that the user has an intention of resuming the external charging. In such a case, the external charging can be resumed. (5) In an embodiment, the prescribed operation includes a door-unlock operation for releasing the door-locked state of the door lock device. With the above-described configuration, the user can stop the external charging by performing the door-unlock operation. (6) In an embodiment, the vehicle further includes an antenna that transmits a signal to a smart key of the vehicle, the smart key being located within a prescribed range from the vehicle. The resume condition includes a condition that the smart key has moved from within the prescribed range to outside the prescribed range. When the controller receives, from the smart key, a response signal to the signal transmitted through the antenna, the controller determines that the smart key is located within the prescribed range, and when the controller does not receive the response signal from the smart key, the controller determines that the smart key is located outside the prescribed range. With the above-described configuration, the resume condition includes the condition that the smart key has moved from within the prescribed range to outside the prescribed range. When the smart key has moved from within the prescribed range to outside the prescribed range (i.e., the user has moved) without disconnection of the connector from the inlet even after a lapse of the prescribed time period from the stop of the external charging, it can be estimated that the user has an intention of resuming the external charging. In such a case, the external charging can be resumed. (7) In an embodiment, the smart key is provided with a first release switch that brings the locking device to the unlocked state. The prescribed operation includes an operation of the first release switch. With the above-described configuration, the user can stop the external charging by operating the first release switch provided on the smart key. (8) In an embodiment, the vehicle further includes a second release switch that brings the locking device to the unlocked state. The prescribed operation includes an operation of the second release switch. With the above-described configuration, the user can stop the external charging by operating the second release switch provided in the vehicle. The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present disclosure when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

11338073

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a membrane for an oxygenator for gas exchange in the blood-circulation system, to an oxygenator using this type of membrane, and also to a process for the production of this type of membrane. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION DE 10 2013 213 318 A1 discloses an asymmetrically porous membrane made of aldehyde-crosslinked thermoplastic silicone elastomer. The membrane has pores which form cavities for the exchange of substances through the membrane. To permit the production of the pores, constituents previously present in the membrane material must be removed by dissolution. Production of the membrane is complicated. For safety reasons, the membrane material is not suitable for use in an oxygenator. EP 2 109 492 B1 discloses an oxygenator with a membrane produced from a bundle of silicone rubber tubes. Production of the membrane requires a large number of manufacturing steps. The manufacturing process imposes a certain minimum size on the oxygenator. This oxygenator is not suitable for applications involving small dimensions, in particular applications associated with transplants. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to improve a membrane for an oxygenator. The invention achieves this object via a membrane for an oxygenator for gas exchange in the blood-circulation system. The membrane includes a silicone layer and a reinforcing structure which reinforces the silicone layer. The silicone layer is homogeneous. The invention provides a membrane which has a silicone layer and a reinforcing structure which reinforces the silicone layer, where the silicone layer is homogeneous. Homogeneous means avoidance of large pores and/or cavities in the silicone layer. The invention is based on the discovery that pores and/or cavities are not necessary for gas exchange through the membrane. The gas exchange can take place via permeation through the solid membrane. The silicone layer, in particular the membrane, is free from cavities. There is thus no risk of leakages of plasma during the use of the membrane in an oxygenator. Another phenomenon that is prevented is the possibility of penetration of blood through a porous membrane as a consequence of pore-size variations that can occur by way of example in a production process as in DE 10 2013 213 318 A1. Transfer of blood through the membrane of the invention is reliably prevented. The silicone layer is in particular undivided. The reinforcing structure provides adequate flexural strength to the silicone layer, which in particular comprises silicone rubber (SR). The membrane, in its entirety, is stable and has advantageous handling properties. The reinforcing structure provides adequate intrinsic stiffness to the membrane. The membrane does not therefore buckle under its own weight. The membrane is a gas-exchange membrane which separates a first internal chamber and a second internal chamber of an oxygenator from one another. The gas-exchange membrane is semipermeable. The gas-exchange membrane is impermeable to liquid, in particular impermeable to blood. The gas-exchange membrane is permeable to gas, in particular ensuring permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide. The reinforcing structure in particular extends mainly in two dimensions. A length dimension and a width dimension of the reinforcing structure are therefore greater by at least one order of magnitude than a thickness dimension. In particular, length and width of the reinforcing structure are at least 10 times the thickness, in particular at least 100 times the thickness and in particular at most 1 000 000 times the thickness. A membrane in which the reinforcing structure takes the form of a network simplifies the provision of the reinforcing structure. The reinforcing structure itself can have been prefabricated in an uncomplicated manner. In particular, the reinforcing structure has longitudinal elements and transverse elements connected to one another. The longitudinal elements and the transverse elements are in particular arranged respectively at equal distances from one another. The reinforcing structure comprises a regular grid, in particular a rectangular grid, and in particular a square grid. The reinforcing structure is intrinsically stiff. It is in principle also conceivable to provide a reinforcing structure in a manner where reinforcing elements are present in unconsolidated form, in particular in the form of an unconsolidated, unordered assembly, in particular in the form of reinforcing fibers, where the bonding of the unconsolidated reinforcing elements to the silicone layer brings about firstly fixing of the reinforcing elements and secondly reinforcement of the silicone layer. A membrane in which the reinforcing structure has been embedded into the silicone layer exhibits high strength. The reinforcing structure has in particular been embedded into the silicone layer on one side. The silicone layer therefore completely surrounds an underside of the reinforcing structure. An upper side of the reinforcing structure, facing away from the underside, can remain uncovered. It is also conceivable that the reinforcing structure has been completely embedded in the silicone layer. A membrane in which the reinforcing structure comprises polyether sulfone (PES) can be used directly for medical purposes. Polyether sulfone is approved for medical applications. In principle it is also possible to use other materials which in particular have approval for medical applications, for example polyester materials. It is essential that the material of the reinforcing structure has adequate stability and/or moldability to allow use of the membrane in the oxygenator for the separation of the internal chambers. It can be necessary, if required by the shape of the oxygenator, to mold the membrane three-dimensionally. The material of the reinforcing structure is advantageously biocompatible. However, biocompatibility is not essential. In particular when the reinforcing structure has been completely embedded in the silicone layer, it is also possible to use a material that is not biocompatible. It is also in particular possible to use a braid made of metal wire for the reinforcing structure. A membrane with increased flexural stiffness has improved stability. The increased flexural stiffness brings about reduced elasticity in the membrane sheet, in particular in the longitudinal direction and/or in the transverse direction, both of which are perpendicular to the direction of thickness of the membrane. A membrane in which the proportion of area through which flow can take place in the reinforcing structure is at least 90% of the total area of the reinforcing structure ensures, in particular even when the mesh width of the reinforcing structure is small, that the area used is small. In particular, almost the entire area of the reinforcing structure is available as area through which flow can take place. The use of the reinforcing structure has no disadvantageous effect on suitability as gas-exchange membrane. In particular, the proportion of area through which flow can take place is at least 92% of the total area, in particular at least 95% of the total area and in particular 98% of the total area. A membrane in which the thickness of the reinforcing structure is at most 0.4 mm, in particular at most 0.35 mm and in particular at most 0.3 mm, makes it easier to design a small oxygenator. A thin-layer design is made possible by a membrane in which the thickness of the silicone layer varies from 0.03 mm to 0.5 mm, in particular from 0.05 mm to 0.4 mm and in particular from 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm. In particular, the thickness of the silicone layer is at most the thickness of the reinforcing structure. It is also possible that, if required by the structure of the membrane, the thickness of the silicone layer is greater than the thickness of the reinforcing structure. The thickness of a membrane that can advantageously be used for small oxygenators, in particular for a microoxygenator, is from 0.35 mm to 0.6 mm, in particular from 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm and in particular 0.55 mm. An oxygenator with a membrane of the invention in essence has the advantages of the membrane itself, to which reference is hereby made. The oxygenator has a first internal chamber and, separated therefrom by the membrane, a second internal chamber. The first internal chamber allows blood to flow through the device The second internal chamber allows gas to flow through the device, in particular oxygen or carbon dioxide. The first internal chamber and the second internal chamber are arranged in a housing. The oxygenator is suitable for gas exchange in the blood-circulation system, in particular in the human blood-circulation system. In particular, long periods of use are possible which can by way of example continue for at least 30 days, examples being mobile blood-circulation support systems (ECLS and ECCOR) for patients with acute heart failure or with acute heart and lung failure. Particularly because no tube material is used, the dimensions of the membrane, and therefore of the oxygenator, can be small. The oxygenator can be a microoxygenator. Because of the reduced size of the oxygenator, a relatively small quantity of blood is required to operate the oxygenator. This is advantageous. Another phenomenon prevented is the damage that can occur to the blood in large oxygenators as a consequence of a large pressure drop in the oxygenator and turbulence in the blood. Damage to the blood can by way of example result from damage to the actual blood cells; this can lead to hemolysis. An advantageous embodiment can be provided by an oxygenator with an exterior hollow cylinder made of a first membrane and with, arranged in the exterior hollow cylinder, an interior hollow cylinder made of a second membrane. The design of the oxygenator is space-saving and compact. The hollow cylinders are in particular arranged concentrically with respect to a longitudinal axis of the housing of the oxygenator. The first internal chamber is in particular delimited by an internal side of the exterior hollow cylinder and by an external side of the interior hollow cylinder. The first internal chamber allows blood to flow through the device. The first internal chamber therefore extends in radial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis. The first internal chamber is annular. The second internal chamber is delimited by the interior hollow cylinder. The second internal chamber allows gas to flow through the device. The area which is available for flow and which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the interior hollow cylinder is circular. There can in particular be a third internal chamber provided, which is delimited by an external side of the exterior hollow cylinder and by an internal side of the housing. The third internal chamber in particular allows gas to flow through the device. This additionally improves gas exchange for the blood. An uncomplicated design can be provided by an oxygenator in which there is a first membrane and a second membrane provided, respectively arranged spirally with respect to a longitudinal axis of the housing. The first internal chamber is delimited by the first membrane and by the second membrane. The oxygenator can advantageously have a hollow-cylindrical housing. A reliable and controlled arrangement of the membranes within the housing can be provided by an oxygenator in which the first membrane and the second membrane are retained on a core. The core serves in particular as end-closure of the first, helical internal chamber. The other end of the helical first internal chamber, opposite to the core, can be connected to an internal side of the housing. In particular, the core is arranged concentrically with respect to the longitudinal axis. A particularly uncomplicated design is provided by an oxygenator in which the arrangement of the membrane is in a meandering pattern. In particular, precisely one membrane is required in order to separate the first internal chamber from the second internal chamber. The oxygenator can comprise a housing which has a rectangular or square shape perpendicularly to a longitudinal axis. The first internal chamber is delimited by two adjacent, in particular parallel-oriented, layers of the meandering structure of the membrane. The second internal chamber is arranged adjacent to the first internal chamber. The oxygenator can advantageously comprise a plurality of first internal chambers and/or second internal chambers, which in particular are arranged in alternation adjacently to one another. The depth of the first internal chamber and/or of the second internal chamber can be prescribed via spacers. In particular, it is conceivable that spacers having different thicknesses are provided for the first internal chamber and the second internal chamber. Another object of the present invention is to simplify the production of a membrane for an oxygenator of the invention. This object is achieved in the invention via a process for the production of a membrane comprising the following steps: providing a silicone layer and a reinforcing structure, using a silicone dispersion to embed the reinforcing structure into the silicone layer, and crosslinking the silicone dispersion to give a homogeneous silicone layer into which the reinforcing structure has been embedded. The invention provides that a membrane for an oxygenator can be produced in that a silicone dispersion is used for embedment of a reinforcing structure, whereupon the silicone dispersion crosslinks to give a homogeneous silicone layer into which the reinforcing structure has been embedded. The silicone layer reliably retains the reinforcing structure. The reinforcing structure stabilizes the silicone layer, which thus has good handling properties. The crosslinking of the silicone dispersion is in particular temperature- and/or time-dependent. There can also be a drying step provided. The drying can take place during and/or after the crosslinking. Subsequent dissolution, where this means dissolution that has to be carried out after the crosslinking procedure, to remove substances from the silicone layer, in particular from the silicone rubber, can be omitted. It is not necessary to form cavities and/or pores in the silicone layer in order to allow the flow of material through the membrane. The membrane of the invention allows material to flow, in particular allows gas exchange, via permeation through the solid wall. Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which:

11329292

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is the United States national phase of International Application No. PCT/EP2014/064303 filed Jul. 4, 2014, and claims priority to German Patent Application No. 10 2013 107 514.2 filed Jul. 16, 2013, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The invention relates to a method to produce a composite semi-finished product, having a continuous phase comprising at least one thermoplastic plastic and a dispersed phase made from at least one electrically conductive filler. Furthermore, the invention relates to a use of such a composite semi-finished product and an electrode of an electrochemical cell, produced from such a composite semi-finished product. DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART Composite semi-finished products of the type referred to are in particular used to produce highly electrically conductive components. Electrodes for electrochemical cells, for example for fuel cells, redox flow batteries or similar, represent an area of application. For these and other fields of application, a high proportion of filler is desirable as in many cases the filler provides an important property of the composite semi-finished product. High thermal and/or electrical conductivities are, for example, achieved by a high proportion of graphite, which typically amounts to 70% by weight of the composite semi-finished product and more. These high proportions of filler provide some features during the production of the composite semi-finished products. A substantial feature consists in the homogenous distribution of the filler in the matrix of the thermoplastic plastic. Extruders or kneaders are used for this, to which the plastic is supplied in the form of pellets or similar and the filler is supplied in the form of fine particles. The thermoplastic plastic is melted in the extruder or kneader and the filler is mechanically incorporated into the plastic melt. This process requires a low viscosity of the mixture such that the plastic must be heated far above the actual melting temperature. The compound material can subsequently be brought into shape by injection moulding, for which, however, an even lower viscosity is required. The plastic must therefore be very strongly heated and subjected to a high pressure. Alternatively, the compound material can also be supplied to a calender which causes a repeated homogenisation of the compound material by repeated circulation and removal. The calendering process leads to a long dwell time of the compound material in the calender which correspondingly must be strongly heated for a long time. Composite semi-finished products produced in a corresponding manner have only low thermoplastic properties which is disadvantageous for the further processing of the composite semi-finished products. The composite semi-finished products often have low mechanical strengths and can only be connected or thermally welded to other thermoplastics with difficulty. Therefore an object of the present invention is to design and to further develop the method referred to at the beginning and previously described in more detail in such a way that composite semi-finished products having improved material properties can be obtained. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This object is achieved by a method of the type referred to at the beginning in which the at least one thermoplastic plastic in the form of fine particles is mixed with the at least one filler in the form of fine particles, wherein in each case at least 90% by weight of the particles of the at least one thermoplastic plastic and of the at least one filler are smaller than 1 mm, in which the mixture of the at least one thermoplastic plastic and the at least of filler is heated to a temperature greater than the melting temperature of the at least one thermoplastic plastic, and in which the heated material is cooled to a temperature below the solidification temperature of the at least one thermoplastic plastic. The invention has therefore recognised that not, as previously assumed, the particle size of the at least one filler, but in particular the particle size of the plastic and the mixture of both components before the actual processing of the materials has a considerable influence on the material properties of the composite semi-finished product. This is surprising in so far as the at least one plastic is melted independently of its original particle size in order to form a continuous phase or matrix, into which the filler is integrated. Therein the structure of the continuous phase or of the matrix depends in particular on the chain length and the chain structure of the thermoplastic plastic used, but not on the particle size thereof. In connection with the invention, it has been recognised that the matrix structure formed by the at least one thermoplastic plastic very much depends on the original particle size of the plastic particles, and indeed indirectly. This is ascribed to the processing times and the processing temperatures in the case of the use of plastics having very small particle sizes being able to be clearly reduced according to the invention such that no or only a low number of appearances of decomposition occur with regard to the plastic or the matrix structure thereof. This is obviously due not least to the improved heat transport processes in the case of use of smaller plastic particles and the better processing ability of the previously produced, preferably substantially homogenous, mixture of plastic and filler particles. Therefore, finally a composite material is obtained, the material properties of which, despite the very high proportions of filler, are more similar to the material properties of the at least one thermoplastic plastic than this is case for the composite materials of the same composition known from the prior art, without notably effecting the material properties provided by the filler, in particular the electrical conductivity, in a disadvantageous manner. A thermoplastic composite semi-finished product can therefore preferably be obtained using the method according to the invention, said thermoplastic composite semi-finished product being able to be further processed fundamentally as a pure thermoplastic plastic or in any case in a similar manner. For this purpose, it is particularly preferred if at least 95% by weight, in particular substantially 100% by weight of the particle distribution of the at least one thermoplastic plastic are smaller than 1 mm. Incidentally, it can be preferred for the provision of a mixture which is as homogenous as possible, before the actual processing of the same, if the maximum particle sizes of the at least one thermoplastic plastic and of the at least one filler are substantially the same. Furthermore, it can be preferred if the temperature to which the mixture of at least one thermoplastic plastic and at least one electrically conductive filler is only heated to a temperature which lies above the melting temperature but below the decomposition temperature of the at least one plastic. In the case of several thermoplastic plastics, these can be brought to a temperature above the highest melting temperature and below the lowest decomposition temperature of the thermoplastic plastics. Incidentally, the temperature of the material is subsequently lowered to a temperature which lies below the lowest solidification temperature of the thermoplastic plastics used. In a first preferred embodiment of the method, the material of the filler has an electrical conductivity of at least 1 S/m, preferably at least 103S/m, in particular at least 106S/m. The bulk material of small filler particles can have a correspondingly lower conductivity. Therefore, a composite semi-finished product having preferred properties can be obtained. Alternatively or additionally, the electrical conductivity of the composite semi-finished product can amount to at least 1 S/m, preferably at least 100 S/m, in particular at least 1000 S/m. Fundamentally, however, it is preferred if the at least one electrically conductive filler is more electrically conductive than the at least one thermoplastic plastic, in particular all thermoplastic plastics. The electrically conductive filler is preferably carbon, graphite, soot, titanium carbide (TiC), at least one metal and/or at least one metal compound. These fillers are particularly suitable due to their mechanical properties and their conductivity. For example a polyolefin, in particular polyethylene (PE) and/or polypropylene (PP), polyphenylene sulphide (PPS), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and/or polyamide (PA) are eligible as a thermoplastic plastic. These materials offer advantages with regard to the processing ability and the joining of the composite semi-finished product. In particular the plastics referred to can be welded easily to others. So that the desired properties of the at least one filler determine the properties of the composite semi-finished product to a great extent, it is fundamentally preferred if the at least one filler forms a high proportion of the composite semi-finished product. As, additionally, however, the matrix structure of the at least one thermoplastic plastic substantially influences the material properties, the proportion of the at least one filler in the composite semi-finished product amounts, as required, to between 50% by weight and 95% by weight, preferably between 70% by weight and 92% by weight, in particular between 80% by weight and 90% by weight. In order to improve the processing ability of the composite semi-finished product, it is expedient if 90% by weight of the particles of the at least one thermoplastic plastic and/or of the at least one filler are smaller than 750 μm, preferably smaller than 500 μm, in particular smaller than 300 μm. Favourable results were in particular achieved for particle sizes of approximately 150 μm. In this context it is also preferred if the predetermined particle size is fallen below by at least 95% by weight, in particular substantially 100% by weight, of the corresponding particles. Therein, however, it must be noted that, as a rule, low quantities of particles which are larger than the corresponding limit value can be well tolerated. Nevertheless, it is expedient to eliminate larger particles beforehand by sieving or another separating method. In order to enable a quick and gentle processing, a rolling mill or a calender can be used to heat and/or cool the material. In this context, a rolling mill is understood to be an arrangement of two rollers and a calender is understood to be an arrangement of at least three rollers. For the previously described purpose, it is furthermore expedient if the rolling mill and/or the calender comprises a roller which is able to be heated and/or at least one roller which is able to be cooled. In this context, the composite semi-finished product can be formed simply and in a manner that is gentle on the material by a transfer of the processed material from a hotter roller having a lower peripheral speed to a colder roller having a higher peripheral speed. A removal is also spoken of in this context. Additionally, a planar composite semi-finished product is thereby produced. Due to the use of the terms hotter and colder, the heat difference between the two rollers results in a qualitative without making a quantitative statement with regard to this. It is particularly preferred, however, if the hotter roller has a temperature which lies above the melting temperature of the at least one thermoplastic plastic, if necessary all thermoplastic plastics. Alternatively or additionally, the colder roller can have a temperature which lies below the solidification temperature of the at least one thermoplastic plastic, if necessary all thermoplastic plastics. The material can, if necessary also be heated and cooled in an injection moulding system. This facilitates and accelerates, if necessary, the production of a composite semi-finished product, in particular of a composite semi-finished product having a complicated outer shape. It is therefore particularly preferred for the simplification of the processing that the heating occurs in an extruder and the cooling occurs in an injection mould. Alternatively, the material can also be introduced into a matrix after heating and can be pressed into shape by means of a patrix. This method is also referred to as a hot pressing method. In this way, composite semi-finished products having a complicated outer shape and/or large dimensions can also be produced easily. Therein if necessary an extruder can likewise be used for heating. In order to be able to ensure an easy further processing of the composite semi-finished product, it is also fundamentally preferred to produce a planar composite semi-finished product. Alternatively or additionally it is preferred to produce a composite semi-finished product to produce an electrode of an electrochemical cell, preferably of a redox flow battery, of a fuel cell or of an electrolyser, of a component of a chemical-resistant heat exchanger, of a shield against high-frequency radiation, preferably in a piece of medical apparatus, of a low-friction bearing or a heating foil. In the case of these components, the mechanical properties, the high thermal conductivity and/or the high electrical conductivity can be used in a profitable manner. The object of the invention referred to previously is additionally achieved by the use of a composite semi-finished product for the production of an electrode of an electrochemical cell, in particular of a redox flow battery, of a fuel cell or of an electrolyser, as a component of a chemical-resistant heat exchanger, as a shield against high-frequency radiation, preferably in a piece of medical apparatus, as a low-friction bearing or as a heating foil. Likewise this object is achieved by an electrode of an electrochemical cell, in particular of a redox flow battery, of a fuel cell or of an electrolyser, as a component of a chemical-resistant heat exchanger, as a shield against high-frequency radiation, preferably in a piece of medical apparatus, as a low-friction bearing or as a heating foil.

11345484

This claims the benefit of French Patent Application FR 15 01311, filed Jun. 24, 2015 and hereby incorporated by reference herein. The present invention relates to a display system of an aircraft, comprising:a display unit;an assembly generating a display on the display unit. Such a system is designed to be installed in the cockpit of an aircraft to be associated with a display unit of the cockpit. The display unit is for example an at least partially transparent display unit, such as a semitransparent screen placed in front of a windshield of the cockpit, a system for projecting images on the windshield of the cockpit, a semitransparent sunshade, a helmet visor, or a semitransparent glass close to the eye. Alternatively, the display unit constitutes a head down monitor integrated into the dashboard of the cockpit. The display system is intended to facilitate the piloting of the aircraft during landing under conditions with little or no visibility. BACKGROUND Under such conditions, guidance systems allow the pilot to come as close as possible to the landing strip. Nevertheless, landing is only possible when the pilot actually sees the runway. In all cases, at the end of approach, the pilot visually seeks to identify the position of the landing strip, in order to decide to land, or on the contrary to perform a go-around maneuver. To facilitate the identification of the runway threshold under low visibility conditions, modern airfields are equipped with approach light ramps, situated longitudinally in front of the runway threshold. These ramps generally comprise at least one longitudinal row of lights aligned along the runway axis, and perpendicular to the longitudinal row, at least one transverse row of lights intersecting the longitudinal row. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION On an approach with low visibility, the pilot therefore seeks first to identify the presence of the approach light ramp. This search may be tedious. The pilot must indeed repeatedly check the flight parameters to ensure that the slope and speed of the aircraft are appropriate during descent, and simultaneously locate the zone in which he expects to find a lighted ramp and determine whether he sees the ramp in that zone. If he does not see the ramp, he must once again check the flight parameters, and again determine the potential presence of the lighted ramp. The back and forth between these various tasks periodically causes a significant workload for the crew. One aim of the invention is therefore to have a display system that facilitates the work of the pilot in order to identify the runway when approaching under low visibility conditions. To that end, the invention provides a system of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the display-generating assembly is able to display, on approach to a landing strip, a localization marking of a presence zone of an approach light ramp toward the landing strip. The system according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following features, considered alone or according to any technically possible combination:the localization marking includes at least one lateral localization symbol of the presence zone of the approach light ramp;the localization marking includes at least two opposite lateral localization symbols of the presence zone of the approach light ramp, delimiting the presence zone of the approach light ramp to the left and right;the localization marking includes at least one series of lateral localization symbols on one side of the presence zone of the approach light ramp, the series of lateral localization symbols converging toward a longitudinal axis of the runway;the localization marking includes two series of lateral localization symbols respectively delimiting the left side and right side of the presence zone of the approach light ramp;the localization marking includes at least one symbol identifying, on the display unit, a position corresponding to a predetermined distance on the ground from the runway threshold at which the approach light ramp comprises a transverse row of lights;the predetermined distance on the ground is comprised between 275 m and 335 m;the localization marking comprises two opposite symbols situated in a position corresponding to a predetermined distance on the ground from the runway threshold at which the approach light ramp comprises a transverse row of lights, the lateral separation between the opposite symbols corresponding to a distance on the ground strictly greater than the width of the transverse row;the display-generating assembly is able to display a position marking of the landing strip, situated above the localization marking of the presence zone of the approach light ramp toward the landing strip;the display-generating assembly is able to display a runway axis symbol, situated below the localization marking of the presence zone of an approach light ramp toward the landing strip;it comprises a database of approach ramps, containing at least one piece of information characteristic of each approach ramp associated with a landing strip targeted by the aircraft, the display-generating assembly being able to create and display the localization marking by using at least one piece of information characteristic of the approach ramp approached by the aircraft contained in the database of approach ramps;the display-generating assembly is capable of dynamically displaying, on the display unit, at least one horizon line and a slope scale relative to the horizon line;the display-generating assembly is able to display, before the display of the localization marking of the presence zone of an approach light ramp toward the landing strip, an identification symbol of the landing strip, pointing to the position of the landing strip on the display unit;the display unit is an at least partially transparent display unit, such as a semitransparent screen placed in front of a windshield of the cockpit, a system for projecting images on the windshield of the cockpit, a semitransparent sunshade, a helmet visor, or a semitransparent glass close to the eye;the approach light ramp extends in front of the landing strip, in the axis thereof;the display-generating assembly comprises a module for generating a localization marking for a presence zone of the approach light ramp toward the landing strip, the generating module being configured to calculate, in real-time, the geographical position of a geographical zone on the ground, the geographical zone containing at least 50%, preferably all of the approach light ramp;the geographical zone has a polygon shape, in particular a trapeze shape;the system is designed to be installed in the cockpit of an aircraft to be associated with a display unit of the cockpit;the display-generating assembly is able to display, on approach to a landing strip, a localization marking on the display unit of a presence zone of an approach light ramp toward the landing strip;the display-generating assembly is connected to the display unit and to a system of measuring sensors;the measuring sensors are able to provide information on the geographical position of the aircraft, its speed, its heading and its attitude;the display unit allows the pilot to observe, in particular by transparence, the area situated in front of the aircraft, and simultaneously, a display generated by the display-generating assembly. The invention also provides a display method in an aircraft, comprising the following steps:providing a system as described above;upon approaching the landing strip, displaying, via the display-generating assembly, of a localization marking of the presence zone of the approach light ramp toward the landing strip.

11480830

The application is a U.S. National Phase Entry of International Application No. PCT/CN20187104398 filed on Sep. 6, 2018, designating the United States of America and claiming priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201711353502.2, filed Dec. 15, 2017, The present application claims priority to and the benefit of the above-identified applications and the above-identified applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD Embodiments of the present invention relate to a display panel and a display device. BACKGROUND With the continuous development of display technology, liquid crystal display (LCD) has become a mainstream display device due to the advantages such as fast response speed, high integration and low power consumption. Generally, an LCD panel comprises a liquid crystal cell formed by an array substrate and an opposed substrate cell-assembled with the array substrate, and a liquid crystal molecular layer filled in the liquid crystal cell. The LCD panel changes the molecular arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal molecular layer by electric fields, and a liquid crystal light valve can be formed by cooperation with polarizers disposed on both sides of the LCD panel, thereby realizing the display function. In addition, the LCD can further realize color display in cooperation with color filter (CF) patterns formed on the array substrate or the opposed substrate. In the liquid crystal cell of the LCD panel, in order to maintain the uniformity of the cell gap of the liquid crystal cell at various positions, post spacers (PS) having an elastic restoring force are usually disposed between the array substrate and the opposed substrate. The PS is in a compressed state and has the function of supporting the liquid crystal cell, thereby maintaining the stability and uniformity of the cell gap of the LCD panel. SUMMARY At least one embodiment of the disclosure provides a display panel, comprising: a first substrate; and a second substrate provided oppositely to the first substrate, wherein a plurality of main spacers and a plurality of auxiliary spacers are provided on a side of the first substrate close to the second substrate; the second substrate further includes a plurality of first lug bosses and a plurality of second lug bosses; an orthographic projection of each of the main spacers on the second substrate is at least partially overlapped with an orthographic projection of a corresponding first lug boss on the second substrate; an orthographic projection of each of the auxiliary spacers on the second substrate is away from an orthographic projection of a corresponding second lug boss on the second substrate by a preset distance along an offset direction; and a distance between each of the auxiliary spacers and the corresponding second lug boss in a direction perpendicular to the second substrate is less than a height of each of the first lug bosses in the direction perpendicular to the second substrate. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, the preset distance is greater than 0 and less than a distance between two adjacent second lug bosses. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, the auxiliary spacers include first auxiliary spacers and second auxiliary spacers; an orthographic projection of each of the first auxiliary spacers on the second substrate is away from the orthographic projection of the corresponding second lug boss on the second substrate by a first distance along the offset direction; an orthographic projection of each of the second auxiliary spacers on the second substrate is away from the orthographic projection of the corresponding second lug boss on the second substrate by a second distance along the offset direction; and the second distance is less than the first distance. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, the second distance is one quarter to three quarters of the first distance. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, the orthographic projections of the plurality of auxiliary spacers on the second substrate are away from the orthographic projections of the corresponding second lug bosses on the second substrate by the preset distance along different offset directions. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, the different offset directions include a first direction, a second direction, a third direction and a fourth direction; the first direction is opposite to the fourth direction; the second direction is opposite to the third direction; and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, the different offset directions further include a fifth direction, a sixth direction, a seventh direction and an eighth direction; the fifth direction is opposite to the eighth direction; the sixth direction is opposite to the seventh direction; an angle between the fifth direction and the first direction is in a range of 30-60°; and an angle between the sixth direction and the second direction is in a range of 30-60°. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, the angle between the fifth direction and the first direction is 45°; and the angle between the sixth direction and the second direction is 45°. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, the second substrate further includes: gate lines, wherein the main spacers are arranged in an array; and the main spacers in a same row are linearly arranged along an extension direction of the gate lines. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, the first direction is perpendicular to the extension direction of the gate lines. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, the second lug bosses are arranged in an array on the second substrate; and the second lug bosses in a same row are linearly arranged along the extension direction of the gate lines. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, the auxiliary spacers and the main spacers are arranged in an array; and the auxiliary spacers and the main spacers in a same row are linearly arranged along the extension direction of the gate lines. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, the display panel further comprises: a black matrix on the first substrate or the second substrate, wherein the orthographic projections of the main spacers on the second substrate fall into an orthographic projection of the black matrix on the second substrate. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, a shortest distance between an edge of the black matrix and an edge of each of the main spacers is less than 15 μm. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, in areas provided with the first lug bosses or the second lug bosses, the second substrate includes thin-film transistors. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, the preset distance is an offset distance between the first substrate and the second substrate under an external force. For example, in the display panel provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, the auxiliary spacers and the second lug bosses are arranged on an edge part of the black matrix. An embodiment of the disclosure further provided a display device, comprising the display panel according to any items as mentioned above.

11511500

BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1. Field The present disclosure relates generally to forming structures and more specifically to shaping a preform using a molding system. 2. Background Some composite structures, such as composite stiffeners, have complex curvatures along their length. Additionally, some composite structures, such as composite stiffeners, have non-planar cross-sections. Composite stiffeners can have C-shaped, T-shaped, hat-shaped, or other desirably shaped cross-sections. Hat-shaped sections are conventionally formed using one of ply by ply hand layup or stamping using matched male and female tools. Ply by ply hand layup involves sweeping each ply into each radius. Ply by ply hand layup is undesirably labor intensive, involves considerable skill, and could be ergonomically undesirable. As a result, ply by ply hand layup has at least one of an undesirably long time or an undesirably high manufacturing cost. Stamping using matched male and female tools is performed on an initial substantially flat layup. However, stamping is typically utilized with relatively simple geometries. Material bulk factor and manufacturing tolerances can cause inconsistencies when applying stamping to large or complex parts. Therefore, it would be desirable to have a method and apparatus that takes into account at least some of the issues discussed above, as well as other possible issues. SUMMARY An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a molding system configured to sequentially form features of a structure. The molding system comprises a first tool comprising a number of features configured to completely form a first set of radii of a structure and a number of partial forming features configured to partially form a second set of radii of the structure, and a second tool comprising a number of completion features configured to complete shaping of the second set of radii. Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method of forming a composite structure. A portion of a cross-section of the structure is formed into a preform using a first tool. A remainder of the cross-section of the structure is formed into the preform using a second tool positioned above the first tool by at least partially evacuating a vacuum chamber between the second tool and the preform. Yet another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method of forming a structure. A first bagging layer is sealed to a first tool. A second bagging layer is sealed to the first tool while a preform is between the first bagging layer and the second bagging layer. A first vacuum chamber formed by the first bagging layer and the first tool is at least partially evacuated to form the preform to a forming surface of the first tool. A second tool is sealed to the second bagging layer to form a third vacuum chamber between the second tool and the second bagging layer. The third vacuum chamber is at least partially evacuated to form the preform to a forming surface of the second tool. The features and functions can be achieved independently in various embodiments of the present disclosure or may be combined in yet other embodiments in which further details can be seen with reference to the following description and drawings.

PP34457

Latin name of the genus and species:Portulacaria afra. Variety denomination: ‘SNOWFALL’. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The new cultivar is a product of a naturally occurring whole plant mutation in a commercial nursery in Vista, Calif. The parent is the unpatented, variety ofPortulacaria afra. ‘Varigata’ not patented. ‘SNOWFALL’ was found and selected by the inventor in Vista, Calif. in September of 2016. Asexual reproduction of the new cultivar ‘SNOWFALL’ was first performed by vegetative tip cuttings at a commercial greenhouse in Vista, Calif. in October 2016. ‘SNOWFALL’ has since produced at least 15 generations and has shown that the unique features of this cultivar are stable and reproduced true to type. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The cultivar ‘SNOWFALL’ has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. The phenotype may vary somewhat with variations in environment such as temperature, day length, and light intensity, without, however, any variance in genotype. The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are determined to be the unique characteristics of ‘SNOWFALL.’ These characteristics in combination distinguish ‘SNOWFALL’ as a new and distinctPortulacariacultivar:1. The new cultivarPortulacaria afra‘Snowfall’ forms long, gracefully cascading greyed-purple branches densely covered in small green and creamy yellow variegated leaves.2. Due to the cascading morphology ofPortulacaria afra‘Snowfall’, this plant is particularly adapted for hanging basket creations as well as accents in patio plantings.3.Portulacaria afra‘Snowfall’ begins to offset at an early age; resulting in an abundantly-branched morphology as well as a smaller plant. For this reason, and because of the more diminutive morphology, the cultivarPortulacaria afra‘Snowfall’ can be utilized in a multitude of pot sizes, including smaller pot sizes.4. AsPortulacaria afra‘Snowfall’ offsets heavily at a younger age, the result is the enhancement of propagation in a commercial nursery environment. PARENTAL COMPARISON Plants of the new cultivar ‘SNOWFALL’ are similar to the parent in most horticultural characteristics. However, plants of the new variety differ from the parent in the following:1.Portulacaria afra‘Snowfall’ exhibits a more diminutive morphology than doesPortulacaria afra‘Variegate’.2.Portulacaria afra‘Snowfall’ exhibits thickened, chunky leaves, whereasPortulacaria afra‘Variegata’ does not display thickened leaves.3.Portulacaria afra‘Snowfall’, due to its more compact morphology, can be utilized for smaller pot sizes, whereasPortulacaria afra‘Variegate’ is more suited for larger pots. COMMERCIAL COMPARISON ‘Snowfall’ can be compared to the commercial varietyPortulacaria afra‘Manny’ U.S. Plant Pat. No. 32,213. The twoPortulacariavarieties are similar in most horticultural characteristics; however, the new variety differs in the following:1. ‘Snowfall’ displays a more diminutive morphology than doesPortulacaria‘Manny’.2. ‘Snowfall’ displays a more cascading morphogy, suitable for a hanging basket, whereasPortulacaria‘Manny is a somewhat more upright plant. ‘Snowfall’ can also be compared to the commercial varietyPortulacaria afra‘Lilliput’, U.S. Plant Pat. No. 32,011. The twoPortulacariavarieties are similar in most horticultural characteristics; however, the new variety differs in the following:1. ‘Snowfall’ exhibits variegated leaves, whereas the leaves ofPortulacaria‘Lilliput’ are solid green, without variegation.2. ‘Snowfall exhibits chunky, thickened leaves, whereasPortulacaria‘Lilliput’ does not display thickened leaves.3. ‘Snowfall’ displays a graceful cascading morphology, ideal for hanging baskets, whereasPortulacaria‘Lilliput’ exhibits a more upright morphology.

11378068

BACKGROUND Controlling the output flow of a variable displacement pump is important to maintain a stable hydraulic system. Doing so with accuracy can help protect the system from unintended damage and can aid in improving the overall efficiency of the hydraulic system. Variable displacement pumps, specifically axial piston pumps, generally include a drive shaft, a cylinder barrel that is rotatable by the drive shaft, multiple piston bores positioned about the cylinder barrel, and multiple pistons positioned within the piston bores and attached to a tiltable swash plate. To control the displacement of the axial piston pump, the angle of the swash plate must be altered. Traditionally changing the angle is accomplished by a swash plate piston cylinder or solenoid. When the swash plate is tilted relative to the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft, the pistons reciprocate within the piston bores to produce a pumping action. Therefore, the larger the swash plate angle, the larger the displacement of the pump. When controlling the swash plate piston cylinder or solenoid, the pressure from the hydraulic tank and the pressure from the hydraulic circuit are typically considered. For example, if a hydraulic spring-loaded piston cylinder is used to control the angle of the swash plate, tank pressure can act on one side of the piston and hydraulic circuit pressure can act on the other side of the piston. Depending on the difference between the two pressures and the spring constant, the piston will move within the cylinder accordingly. Because the piston is also attached to the swash plate, as the pressure difference changes and moves the piston, the swash plate angle also changes, thereby changing the displacement of the pump. In other examples, when the swash plate is controlled by the action of a solenoid, the change in displacement of the pump is commonly proportional to the current supplied to the solenoid by a controller. Customized real time control of the displacement of the pump is often desired. Therefore, the piston cylinders or solenoids often are configured to allow for the on-demand altering of the pump displacement. Additionally, hydraulic pressure within the hydraulic circuit can change abruptly during operation. Such changes can be caused by a failure, excess load, etc. Additionally, electronics controlling the displacement of the pump (i.e., by solenoid) can also fail, causing a drastic increase in pressure. Therefore, a separate pressure compensator device is often included as part of the system to safeguard the system in such scenarios. Improvements in variable displacement pump control are desired. SUMMARY The present disclosure relates to pressure control. More particularly, the disclosure relates to proportionally controlling the outflow of a piston pump in an open hydraulic circuit. In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, a pump control assembly for controlling a variable displacement hydraulic pump is disclosed. The pump control assembly for controlling a variable displacement hydraulic pump includes a spool mounted within a valve block. The spool being configured to move between a first and a second position within the valve block so as to selectively control the displacement of the attached pump. The pump control assembly further includes first and second chambers that each apply a force to opposite ends of the spool. The first chamber is positioned at a first end of the spool in fluid communication with a pump output port. The second chamber is positioned at a second end of the spool and in fluid communication with a hydraulic tank port and a proportional pressure reducing valve. The second chamber also includes a piston and first and second springs positioned on either side of the piston. The proportional pressure reducing valve provides a regulated pressure to a first side of the piston along with the first spring, and the hydraulic tank port provides a tank pressure on the opposite side of the piston along with the second spring. The pump control assembly also includes a stop structure having a positive stop that limits movement of the piston in a direction toward the first chamber. In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a pump control assembly for controlling a variable displacement hydraulic pump is disclosed. The pump control assembly for controlling a variable displacement hydraulic pump includes a valve block that defines a spool bore that has a central bore axis. The valve block also defines a pump output port, a pump displacement control port, and a tank port. The pump control assembly also includes a spool mounted within the spool bore. The spool has a first end and an opposite second end and is movable within the spool bore along the central bore axis between a first position where the tank port is in fluid communication with the pump displacement control port and a second position in which the pump output port is in fluid communication with the pump displacement control port. The spool moves in a first direction along the central bore axis when moving from the first position toward the second position. The spool moves in a second direction along the central bore axis when moving from the second position toward the first position. The first and second directions are opposite from one another. The pump control assembly also includes a first chamber positioned at the first end of the spool. The first chamber is in fluid communication with the pump output port so as to be configured to receive a pump output pressure from the variable displacement pump when the pump control assembly is installed on the variable displacement pump. When the pump output pressure is applied to the first chamber, the pump output pressure applies a pump output pressure force to the spool in the first direction. The pump control assembly also includes a second chamber positioned at the second end of the spool. A piston is positioned within the second chamber so as to divide the second chamber into a first section and a second section. The first section is positioned between the piston and the second end of the spool, and the piston is movable within the second chamber along the central bore axis. Further, the pump control assembly includes a first spring positioned within the first section of the second chamber for transferring a piston force in the second direction from the piston to the spool. A second spring is positioned within the second section of the second chamber for applying a pre-load force to the piston for biasing the piston in the second direction. The pump control assembly also includes a proportional pressure reducing valve mounted within the valve block. The proportional pressure reducing valve is operable in a first state where the tank port is in fluid communication with the second section of the second chamber and a second state where the pump output port is in fluid communication with the second section of the second chamber. The proportional pressure reducing valve is configured to convert the pump output pressure into a reduced pressure that is provided at the second section of the second chamber. The reduced pressure at the second section of the second chamber acts on the piston to apply a reduced pressure force to the piston in the second direction, and the magnitude of the reduced pressure output from the proportional pressure reducing valve is directly proportional to a current provided to a solenoid of the proportional pressure reducing valve. Additionally, a stop structure is included in the pump control assembly. The stop structure has a positive stop that stops movement of the piston in the second direction along the central bore axis at a stop position that defines a maximum threshold for the piston force transferred by the first spring in the second direction from the piston to the spool. The stop position is adjustable along the central bore axis to adjust the maximum threshold of the piston force. A variety of additional aspects will be set forth in the description that follows. The aspects can relate to individual features and to combinations of features. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the broad inventive concepts upon which the embodiments disclosed herein are based.

11392748

BACKGROUND Integrated circuits typically include thousands of components having complex interrelationships. These circuits are generally designed using highly automated processes known as electronic design automation (EDA). EDA begins from a functional specification provided in a hardware description language (HDL) and continues through the specification of a circuit design including the specification of elementary circuit components called cells, the physical arrangement of the cells, and the wiring that interconnects the cells. The cells implement logic or other electronic functions using a particular integrated circuit technology. EDA can be divided into a series of stages such as synthesis, placement, routing (PnR), etc. Each of these steps can involve selecting cells from a library of cells. Typically, a very large number of different circuit designs using various cell combinations can meet a functional specification for a circuit.

11521270

FIELD The present disclosure generally relates to the field of machine learning and graphical interfaces. INTRODUCTION Embodiments described herein relate to machine learning and improved graphical interfaces for visually displaying and rendering computed data. For example, embodiments described herein relate to improved interfaces with interactive visualizations of models, model performance, and market factors to generate and display visual elements indicating meaningful patterns in large market datasets and model performance. Embodiments described herein relate to improved generation and display of visual elements in near real time using improved computational efficiencies. For example, embodiments described herein relate to dynamic graphical interfaces to enable electronic interactions with visual elements to modify models, model data, and model performance. SUMMARY In accordance with an aspect of embodiments described herein, there is provided a system for responsive stress testing comprising: a server having non-transitory computer readable storage medium with executable instructions for causing one or more processors to configure: back-end machine learning models that produce enterprise market risk calculations and a front-end interface with graphical elements to visually interact with the machine learning models. In some embodiments of the innovation described herein, the server receives metrics generated by production risk engines and market conditions as scenario input risk, and generates a PnL value based on the scenario input risk. The front-end interface has a graphical element that corresponds to the computed PnL value. In some embodiments of the innovation described herein, the interface can receive a command to load a particular model and input data to specify ranges of market variables as shock, and display graphical elements to visually depict how the market variables impact a portfolio. In accordance with an aspect of embodiments described herein, there is provided a system for responsive stress testing with a memory storing a plurality of back-end machine learning models that produce enterprise market risk metrics by receiving features extracted from data defining risk factors and market shocks. The system has a processor executing instructions stored in the memory to configure the back-end machine learning models with the features extracted from data defining risk factors and market shocks and continuously update a front-end interface with interactive visual elements. The interface has graphical elements corresponding to risk factors and market shocks. The interface has a first set of selectable indicia to adjust values for the risk factors and market shocks to provide selected values for the risk factors and market shocks as input to the processor for the data defining risk factors and market shocks. The interface has graphical elements corresponding to models of the back-end machine learning models. The interface has a second set of selectable indicia to select the models and adjust scenario data to provided selected scenario data to the processor to generate scenarios. The interface has graphical elements corresponding to model performance visualizations to visually compare the models with the adjusted values for the risk factors and market shocks over a period of time, wherein the processor generates the model performance data by receiving the adjusted values for the risk factors and market shocks, the models and the adjusted scenario data from the interface over time periods, wherein the model performance data indicate visually how the risk factors and market shocks impact portfolio objects and PnL values for the portfolio objects. The interface has graphical elements corresponding to selected scenario output generated by the processor using the adjusted scenario data received from the interface to indicate scenario losses over the period of time. The processor generates output data as a vector of the model performance data and transmits the output data to the front-end interface. The processor and the interface exchange data and commands to generate interactive visual elements that dynamically update as new models are selected, new risk factors features extracted, and new scenarios are generated. In some embodiments, the front-end interface with the graphical elements visually identify a set of risk factors corresponding to stress losses. In some embodiments, the front-end interface with the graphical elements visually identify model performance by depicting accuracy of predicted stress losses. In some embodiments, the models comprise official end of day valuation models to measure results of model performance and update models by further calibration. In some embodiments, the back-end machine learning models comprise challenger models. In some embodiments, the front-end interface with the graphical elements visually identify risk factors or market variables for incremental improvement in the model performance. In some embodiments, one or more processors receive metrics generated by production risk engines and market conditions as scenario input risk, and generate a PnL value based on the scenario input risk, wherein the front-end interface has a graphical element that corresponds to the computed PnL value. In some embodiments, the interface can receive a command to load a particular model and input data to specify ranges of market variables as shock, and display graphical elements to visually depict how the market variables impact a portfolio. In some embodiments, visual elements of the interface have parallel coordinates where different axis representing different risk factors and different colours represent different PnL values. In some embodiments, the interface receives a selected model and ranges for each of a plurality of market shocks, and provides instructions to the processor to load the selected model and ranges for each of a plurality of market shocks for generating the model performance data. In some embodiments, the interface has a button to trigger generation of different scenario data structures and output data of values for selected scenarios. In some embodiments, the interface receives a selection of a different set of models than the models and updates the graphical elements to correspond to the different set of models and updated model performance data for the different set of models, wherein the processor receives the selection of the different set of models to generate the updated model performance data to regenerate the graphical elements of the interface. In some embodiments, the processor uses stress scenario to test out different machine learning models to assess model performance by generating updated model performance data. In some embodiments, the interface receives a selected model and updates the graphical elements to show a number of risk factors and calculated PnL values for the selected model. In some embodiments, the interface comprises different charts that show predicted and actual values for different scenarios side by side. In some embodiments, the interface detects hovering over a visual element for a scenario with an input device and in response updates to indicate predicted loss calculations for the scenario. In accordance with an aspect, there is provided a process for responsive stress testing, the process comprising: at a server, generating enterprise market risk metrics using back-end machine learning models, receiving model input data, and updating a front-end interface with graphical elements to visually interact with the machine learning models. In some embodiments, the process comprises: receiving metrics generated by production risk engines and market conditions as scenario input data, and generating PnL values based on the scenario input risk, wherein the front-end interface has graphical elements that correspond to the computed PnL values. In some embodiments, the process comprises: receiving a command to load a particular model and input data to specify ranges of market variables as shock, and display graphical elements at the interface to visually depict how the market variables impact a portfolio. In various further aspects, the disclosure provides corresponding systems and devices, and logic structures such as machine-executable coded instruction sets for implementing such systems, devices, and methods. In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment in detail, it is to be understood that the embodiments are not limited in application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. Many further features and combinations thereof concerning embodiments described herein will appear to those skilled in the art following a reading of the instant disclosure.

11513907

BACKGROUND Database protection defines the process of protecting database data using a secondary storage. More specifically, protection of the database data often entails replicating database data, sending the replicated data to a secondary storage across a network, and storing the replicated data on the secondary storage. SUMMARY In general, in one aspect, the invention relates to a method for backing up data. The method includes receiving a backup instruction from a client device, wherein the backup instruction comprises a backup tag corresponding to a backup operation for a user asset, making a first determination that the backup tag matches a second backup tag specified in a tag file, and in response to the first determination, identifying a checkpoint of a backup associated with the second backup tag, and resuming the backup operation at the checkpoint for the user asset. In general, in one aspect, the invention relates to a system that includes a processor and a client protection agent, which when executed by the processor performs a method. The method comprises receiving a backup instruction from a client device, wherein the backup instruction comprises a backup tag corresponding to a backup operation for a user asset, making a first determination that the backup tag matches a second backup tag specified in a tag file, and in response to the first determination, identifying a checkpoint of a backup associated with the second backup tag, and resuming the backup operation at the checkpoint for the user asset. In general, in one aspect, the invention relates to a non-transitory computer readable medium which includes computer readable program code, which when executed by a computer processor enables the computer processor to perform a method. The method includes receiving a backup instruction from a client device, wherein the backup instruction comprises a backup tag corresponding to a backup operation for a user asset, making a first determination that the backup tag matches a second backup tag specified in a tag file, and in response to the first determination, identifying a checkpoint of a backup associated with the second backup tag, and resuming the backup operation at the checkpoint for the user asset.

11296683

TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure relates to low-swing Schmitt triggers. BACKGROUND A Schmitt trigger (e.g., a CMOS Schmitt Trigger) may be used to convert an irregular or sine or triangular wave into a square wave or pulse to address a noise problem, hence it is widely used in both Analog and Digital domain circuits. Schmitt Triggers are widely used as signal recreation circuits in order to filter out noise and output a square wave. Normally a Schmitt trigger has two transition threshold voltages, when the input crosses either threshold voltage, depending on the state transition, it will be either logic one or logic 0, while comparators have only one threshold voltage. This characteristic of the Schmitt trigger is called hysteresis. The hysteresis of Schmitt Trigger is used to gain better noise margin and stable operation than that of a comparator.

11521229

BACKGROUND The present disclosure relates generally to online advertisement quality review and, more particularly, to systems and methods for providing an interface to capture and review information relating to online advertisements displayed on a mobile device. Mobile applications provide valuable venues for exposing mobile users to advertising content, and mobile developers frequently incorporate functionality into their applications that allows such advertisements to be served to mobile application users. However, these developers generally do not maintain complete control over the ads that are presented to users and, in many cases, developers have limited information about the ads served through their applications. In some existing approaches, developers or users of a mobile application use a network trace to view requests and responses to and from different ad servers, and the response from a particular server can then be correlated to an ad seen in the application. However, setting up a network trace requires expert knowledge of networking technology, and is not always possible if requests are made through a secure connection or a carrier (e.g., AT&T). In other approaches, developers log into an interface or an application programming interface (API) built on an ad server to view a list of ads served within their applications. However, ad servers that provide a history of ads shown are generally incomplete. The majority of the ads are often requested from a separate server, and it is often difficult or impossible to determine how each ad was shown on a particular device. Further, if a user were to complain about a specific ad, the developer would need to sift through thousands of ads to track down that specific ad and block it. BRIEF SUMMARY Systems and methods are described for capturing and reviewing information relating to online advertisements displayed on a mobile device. These techniques lend themselves to situations in which the ability to obtain information about ads served via a mobile application would be useful. For example, an application user may desire to review an advertisement recently seen in the application. In another situation, a developer or application user may see an advertisement that they dislike (e.g., an ad having distasteful content or an ad from a competitor), and may desire to block the ad from displaying in the application in the future. However, in order to do so, further information is generally required about the ad at issue, such as which ad network or advertiser targeted the ad to the mobile application. As another example, an ad may not render or display correctly, and the app developer or an advertiser may want to remedy the defect. To do so, the developer or advertiser will need certain diagnostic information, such as the underlying ad markup (HTML) or information about the request and response to/from the server that provided the ad. The implementations described herein facilitate the management of advertisements that serve on impression inventory in mobile applications by application developers/users, ad publishers, and ad platform servicers. These techniques make it simple for any of the aforementioned parties to determine which ads have been served in a mobile application, do not require expert knowledge of networking technologies, and allow access to relevant data in a user-friendly way within seconds. Further, the present approach allows users, developers, and others to quickly find an ad shown on a particular device, as well as to see all ads shown recently in an application, versus a small subset of ads. Accordingly, in one aspect, a computer-implemented method includes the steps of: requesting an advertisement to be served to a user of an application on a user device; receiving, in response to the request, the advertisement and metadata associated with the advertisement; presenting the received advertisement in the application; capturing a visual representation of the advertisement as presented in the application; storing the visual representation and associated metadata for subsequent retrieval; and providing an interface control configured to allow a user to ban the advertisement from being displayed on a plurality of user devices. In one implementation, the user device is a mobile device and the application is a mobile application. The metadata can include information associated with an auction that resulted in the advertisement being served to the user. The visual representation can include a screenshot including the advertisement and at least a portion of an area surrounding the advertisement, and the visual representation of the advertisement can be automatically captured after a fixed delay. In another implementation, the method further includes providing a software development kit for use with the application, where the software development kit is configured to provide the requesting and the capturing. A graphical user interface can also be included for displaying and facilitating review of captured visual representations of advertisements previously displayed in the application. The method can further include receiving, at the user device, an interaction from the user, and enabling the graphical user interface in response to the interaction. The interaction can be a gesture on a touch-based input device and/or a selection of an interface control graphically overlaid on the advertisement. In a further implementation, the graphical user interface is further configured for displaying metadata associated with the advertisements previously displayed in the application. The interface control can also be configured to allow the user to ban other advertisements associated with a brand of the advertisement from being displayed on a plurality of user devices. Other implementations of the foregoing aspects include corresponding systems and computer programs. The details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in the present specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.

11338178

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This non-provisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) on Patent Application No. 2019-233130 filed in Japan on Dec. 24, 2019, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a golf ball having a core of one or more layer and a cover of one or more layer which encases the core, and to a method of manufacturing such a golf ball. More specifically, the invention relates to a golf ball in which adhesion between the outermost layer of the core and the adjacent cover layer is enhanced, and to a method of manufacture thereof. BACKGROUND ART Solid golf balls with a multilayer structure of three or more pieces have been commonly used in recent years. These multilayer golf balls are generally produced by consecutively injection-molding synthetic resin cover materials around a core so as to form successive layers over the core. However, when adhesion between the layers of the golf ball is poor, this may adversely affect ball properties such as flight, spin on approach shots, feel at impact and durability to cracking. Accordingly, there is a desire for adhesion between these layers to be enhanced. There already exists numerous art for enhancing adhesion between the layers of a golf ball in order to improve the durability of the ball to impact. In particular, it is common for the core to be formed of a rubber composition and for each cover layer to be formed of a resin material such as an ionomer resin or a thermoplastic elastomer. Because the outermost layer of the core and the adjacent cover layer are formed of differing materials—rubber in the case of the former and a resin in the case of the latter, several technical disclosures have been made in which adhesion between the layers of a golf ball is enhanced by surface-treating the outermost layer of the core. For example, JP-A 2017-099864 describes art which, in order to impart a good interlayer adhesion between adjacent differing layers of a golf ball, carries out surface treatment between the layers with a silane-containing adhesion promoter. JP-A 2013-132312 and JP-A 2014-090957 disclose art in which an aqueous adhesion-promoting treatment is applied to the surface of a golf ball core. JP-A 2013-150690 discloses art which treats the surface of a golf ball core with a urethane resin emulsion, and JP-A 2013-150689 discloses art in which the surface of a golf ball core is treated with rubber latex. Additional art includes JP-A 2003-079766, which subjects the inner cover layer of a golf ball to halogenation, chemical surface treatment or surface treatment with UV irradiation or the like; and JP-A 2003-339912 which, in the production of a golf ball, carries out acid treatment on an intermediate layer made of an ionomeric resin material, thereby enhancing adhesion with an outermost layer made of a polyurethane resin material. However, when the cover layer adjacent to the rubber core is formed of a resin material containing an of O-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer such as an ionomer resin, adhesion between the core and the cover layer is still inadequate, and so there remains room for improvement in the durability to cracking. That is, the prior art lacks a fully effective method for enhancing adhesion between a core composed primarily of rubber and an ionomer resin layer directly encasing the core, and ultimately increasing the durability of the golf ball. A number of inventions improve golf ball performance attributes such as flight and durability by using oxazoline group-containing substances within layers of the golf ball. For example, JP-A 2001-509204 describes a core-encasing outer layer that is made of an ionomer resin and an oxazoline group-containing copolymer (compatibilizing agent). JP-A H05-068724 includes an oxazoline-modified resin in an ionomer resin serving as a golf ball cover material. JP-A H11-137723 uses an oxazoline-modified rubber as a compatibilizing agent for a crosslinked rubber powder that is included within a resin material. JP-A 2008-264038 teaches the use of an oxazoline compound to suppress declines in physical properties due to the hydrolysis of a polyester resin composed of a non-petroleum-based material. However, in most of this art, an oxazoline group-containing substance is included as an ionomer resin compatibilizing agent within a resin composition, and so this approach is inadequate for improving adhesion between a rubber core and an envelope layer made of a resin material. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore one object of the present invention to provide a golf ball in which adhesion is enhanced between a core composed primarily of rubber and a cover layer which directly encases the core and is formed of a resin material that includes an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer such as an ionomer resin, thereby increasing the durability of the ball. A further object of the invention is to provide a method for producing such a golf ball. As a result of extensive investigations, I have found that by forming the outermost layer in a golf ball core of a rubber composition containing a base rubber and an α,β-unsaturated metal carboxylate, forming an envelope layer directly encasing the core of a resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin having a structure that includes α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymerization units, and constructing the golf ball such that the surface of the core outermost layer and the envelope layer adjoin each other through an intervening oxazoline group-containing substance, adhesion between the core surface and the envelope layer positioned outside thereof is enhanced. In addition, I have discovered that by having a method for producing a golf ball which has a core composed of one or more layer include the steps of forming a core outermost layer with a rubber composition containing a base rubber and an α,β-unsaturated metal carboxylate, surface-treating the core outermost layer by bringing a solution that contains an oxazoline group-containing substance into contact with the surface of this layer, and forming an envelope layer by molding, over the surface-treated outermost layer of the core, a resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin having a structure that includes α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymerization units, adhesion between the core surface and the outwardly adjacent envelope layer can be enhanced without adversely affecting properties of the core surface by what is, in chemical surface treatment of the core surface, a relatively simple method. Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a golf ball having a core composed of one or more layer, wherein an outermost layer of the core is formed of a rubber composition containing a base rubber and an α,β-unsaturated metal carboxylate, an envelope layer which directly encases the core is formed of a resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin having a structure that includes α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymerization units, and a surface of the core outermost layer and the envelope layer adjoin each other through an intervening oxazoline group-containing substance. In a preferred embodiment of the golf ball according to the first aspect of the invention, in the envelope layer-forming resin composition, the thermoplastic resin having a structure that includes α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymerization units is an ionomer resin. In another preferred embodiment of the golf ball of the invention, the α,β-unsaturated metal carboxylate included in the core outermost layer is zinc acrylate. In yet another preferred embodiment of the golf ball of the invention, the oxazoline group-containing substance is an oxazoline group-containing water-soluble polymer. In still another preferred embodiment of the inventive golf ball, the core has a hardness difference between a center and a surface thereof which is at least 13 on the JIS-C hardness scale. In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for producing a golf ball having a core composed of one or more layer, which method includes the steps of forming an outermost layer of the core with a rubber composition containing a base rubber and an α,β-unsaturated metal carboxylate; surface-treating the core outermost layer by bringing a solution that contains an oxazoline group-containing substance into contact with a surface of the outermost layer; and forming an envelope layer by molding, over the surface-treated core outermost layer, a resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin having a structure that includes α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymerization units. In a preferred embodiment of the production method of the invention, the method further includes, prior to surface-treating the core outermost layer with a solution that contains an oxazoline group-containing substance, the step of surface-treating the outermost layer of the core by bringing an acid-containing solution into contact with the surface of the outermost layer. In this preferred embodiment, the acid-containing solution may be a hydrochloric acid-containing solution. The acid-containing solution may additionally contain an alcohol. The acid-containing solution, when brought into contact with the surface of the core outermost layer, may have an acid concentration of 0.05 mol/L or more. Also, the acid-containing solution may be brought into contact with the surface of the core outermost layer by dipping the core in the acid-containing solution. In another preferred embodiment of the production method of the invention, the solution containing an oxazoline group-containing substance may be an alcoholic solution. Advantageous Effects of the Invention In the golf ball of the invention, adhesion between the rubber-based core and the cover layer which directly encases the core and is formed of a resin material containing an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer such as an ionomer resin can be improved. In particular, when a core having a large hardness difference between the core surface and core center is used, the golf ball's durability at impact can be greatly improved. Also, the golf ball production method of the invention carries out a specific surface treatment on the core outermost layer obtained by molding a rubber composition under applied heat, which surface treatment introduces an oxazoline group-containing substance onto the core surface. In this way, golf balls having a sufficiently improved durability can be obtained by a relatively simple method without adversely affecting golf ball properties such as the flight performance and the spin performance.

11402126

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present disclosure relates to maintaining water heaters and, more particularly, to systems and methods for automatically flushing a water heater for maintaining the water heater and for reducing the risk of leaks. BACKGROUND Commercial and residential water heaters receive room temperature (e.g., cold) water that is then heated by the water heaters and distributed as heated (e.g., hot) water through the commercial or residential location. The water fed to the water heaters typically includes sediment. Some of the sediment may remain in the water heater tank after the water is heated and distributed. The sediment that remains may build up on the bottom of the water heater tank. Over time, this buildup of sediment may cause heat transfer within the water heater tank to slow, which in turn may cause overheating near the bottom of the tank. When the bottom of the tank is overheated, the metal bottom of the tank may weaken and the lining of the tank may be damaged. The weakening of the tank bottom and the damage to the tank lining may eventually cause the bottom of the tank to “fall out.” Of course, if such an event occurs, the water stored within the tank and the inlet water entering the tank from the feed line may escape from the tank and may likely result in the flooding of the structure housing the water heater (e.g., a house or building). In less extreme cases, the sediment buildup may cause smaller leaks in the water heater. These leaks, although smaller, may still cause flooding to a large portion of the structure housing the water heater. In order to reduce the likelihood of sediment buildup in a water heater, many manufacturers recommend that water heaters be flushed periodically so that sediment is removed from the water heater tank. Unfortunately, most owners do not follow those recommendations; as such, water heaters are not flushed on a regular basis. Accordingly, a system is needed to automatically flush water heaters on a regular basis and to monitor water heaters for leaks. BRIEF SUMMARY The present embodiments may relate to systems and methods for maintaining water heaters and, more specifically, for automatically flushing the water heater to prevent the water heater from failing, which may result in flooding and/or other leakage. The water heater maintenance system described herein maintains a tank of the water heater using automated flushing to prevent and/or remove a buildup of sediment in the bottom of the water heater tank. Such a buildup of sediment may lead to breaks in the tank. These breaks may lead to leaking or, in more extreme cases, failure of the tank, which may result in the flooding of the structure housing the water heater. Routine flushing of the water heater tank may aid in preventing buildup of sediment by removing sediment from the water heater tank. A duration of flushing may be determined by measuring an amount of time from start to finish of the flushing and/or by measuring an amount of water removed from the water heater tank. An interval between flushings may be determined according to manufacturer standards and/or user scheduling requests. In addition, the water heater maintenance system described herein may include one or more controller devices (“water heater controller”) in communication with a monitoring computing device and/or a third-party computing device (e.g., a computing device associated with an insurance provider). The water heater controller may transmit signals to, and/or receive signals from, such as via wired or wireless communication and data transmission, the monitoring computing device and/or the third-party computing device to request permission to initiate flushing, transmit status reports, and/or maintain a flushing history of the water heater. In one aspect, an automatic flushing water heater maintenance system for maintaining water heaters may be provided. The system may include a water heater and a water heater controller. The water heater may include an inlet, an outlet, and a flush outlet having a first control valve in flow communication therewith. The first control valve may be configured to control a flow of water and sediment through the flush outlet out of the water heater. The water heater controller may be configured to communicate with the first control valve by transmitting a first control signal to the first control valve, the first control signal being configured to cause the first control valve to open or close as part of an automatic flushing process. As a result of the flushing process, a water heater's life may be extended, and/or home damage resulting water heater failure may be mitigated or prevented (and corresponding insurance claims reduced or eliminated). In another aspect, a computer-implemented method for maintaining a water heater may be provided. The water heater may include an inlet, an outlet, and a flush outlet having a first control valve in flow communication therewith. The first control valve may be configured to control a flow of water and sediment through the flush outlet out of the water heater. The method may be implemented using a water heater controller including a processor in communication with a memory, the water heater controller being configured to communicate with the first control valve. The method may include determining, using the processor, that an automatic flushing process is to occur, and initiating the automatic flushing process. The method may also include transmitting a first control signal to the first control valve, the first control signal configured to cause the first control valve to open as part of the automatic flushing process to allow the flow of water and sediment through the flush outlet out of the water heater. The method may further include determining that the automatic flushing process is complete, and transmitting a second control signal to the first control valve, the second control signal being configured to cause the first control valve to close. As a result, flushing of the water heater may be facilitated, potentially extending its useful life and alleviating home damage caused by water heater failure. In yet another aspect, at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon may be provided. When executed by a water heater controller, the computer-executable instructions may cause the processor to determine that an automatic flushing process is to occur, and initiate the automatic flushing process. The computer-executable instructions may also cause the processor to transmit a first control signal to a first control valve in flow communication with a flush outlet of a water heater, the first control signal being configured to cause the first control valve to open as part of the automatic flushing process to allow a flow of water and sediment through the flush outlet out of the water heater. The computer-executable instructions may further cause the processor to determine that the automatic flushing process is complete, and transmit a second control signal to the first control valve, the second control signal being configured to cause the first control valve to close. As a result of the flushing process, a water heater's useful life may be extended, and home damage resulting from water heater failure may potentially be alleviated. Advantages will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description of the preferred embodiments which have been shown and described by way of illustration. As will be realized, the present embodiments may be capable of other and different embodiments, and their details are capable of modification in various respects. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.

11319914

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) The present application claims priority to Indian Patent Application No. 202011035015 filed on Aug. 14, 2020, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein for all purposes by this reference. BACKGROUND (a) Field of the Disclosure The present disclosure relates to a vehicle, and more particularly, to a method and a device for remotely starting a manual transmission vehicle. (b) Description of the Related Art In general, a brake device of a vehicle includes a main brake mainly used while the vehicle is being driving and a parking brake to maintain the vehicle in a parked state. Since the main brake is operated by a foot of a driver of the vehicle, the main brake is referred to as a foot brake. Additionally, since the parking brake is operated by the driver's hand, the parking brake is referred to as a hand brake or a side brake. The foot brake uses a hydraulic pressure type brake and the hand brake uses a mechanical type brake. In the parking brake, a handle or a lever installed in a console box is pulled to pull a brake cable so that a brake pad is in close contact with a rear wheel of the vehicle. The vehicle is parked by a frictional force due to the brake pad. The parking brake lever is installed in a rectangular slit of the console box. The parking brake is operated when the parking brake lever is pulled upward, and the parking brake is released when the parking brake lever is pressed downward. When the driver moves a gear shift lever to a neutral state and remotely starts the vehicle without operating the parking brake, the vehicle in the neutral state may still move thus increasing the risk of an accident. The above information disclosed in this section is merely for enhancement of understanding of the background of the disclosure, and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art. SUMMARY The present disclosure provides a method and a device for remotely starting a manual transmission vehicle capable of safely and remotely starting the vehicle. An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides the method for remotely starting the manual transmission vehicle that may include: determining, by a controller, whether remote start of the manual transmission vehicle is possible based on a remote start command signal of a remote start input device, an inclination angle signal value of the manual transmission vehicle, a notch signal value generated when a parking brake of the manual transmission vehicle is operated by moving a lever of the parking brake, and a gear shift stage signal of a manual transmission of the manual transmission vehicle; and starting, by the controller, an engine of the manual transmission when the notch signal value according to the inclination angle signal value is greater than or equal to a minimum value of notch signal values capable of remotely starting the manual transmission vehicle and the gear shift stage signal is a neutral stage signal. The controller may be configured to calculate the inclination angle signal value of the manual transmission vehicle based on a longitudinal acceleration of the manual transmission vehicle that is an output signal value of an acceleration sensor of the manual transmission vehicle. The controller may be configured to receive the notch signal value from a parking brake notch sensor that is a non-contact type sensor and configured to detect that a pawl of the parking brake is positioned on a notch of a gear of the parking brake. The controller may be configured to check whether the gear shift stage signal is the neutral stage signal using an output signal of a gear shift stage sensor configured to detect a gear position of the manual transmission and a gear shift stage position of a gear shift lever adjusting the manual transmission. The controller may be configured to start the engine using an engine controller configured to receive the gear shift stage signal. An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides the device for remotely starting the manual transmission vehicle that may include: an acceleration sensor configured to detect a longitudinal acceleration of the manual transmission vehicle; a parking brake notch sensor that is a non-contact type sensor and configured to detect that a pawl of the parking brake of the manual transmission vehicle is positioned on a notch of a gear of the parking brake; a gear shift stage sensor configured to detect a gear position of a manual transmission of the manual transmission vehicle and a gear shift stage position of a gear shift lever adjusting the manual transmission; and a controller configured to determine whether remote start of the manual transmission vehicle is possible based on a remote start command signal of a remote start input device, an inclination angle signal value of the manual transmission vehicle, a notch signal value detected by the parking brake notch sensor when the parking brake is operated by moving a lever of the parking brake, and a gear shift stage signal of the manual transmission detected from the gear shift stage sensor. The controller may be configured to start an engine of the manual transmission when the notch signal value according to the inclination angle signal value is greater than or equal to a minimum value of notch signal values capable of remotely starting the manual transmission vehicle and the gear shift stage signal is a neutral stage signal. The controller may be configured to start the engine by operating a start motor of the manual transmission vehicle. The controller may include an engine controller configured to start the engine, and the engine controller may be configured to receive the gear shift stage signal. The method and the device for remotely starting the manual transmission vehicle according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may remotely start the vehicle in a neutral stage or a neutral gear after checking an appropriate notch signal value of the parking brake according to the inclination angle of the vehicle. Thus, the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may safely and remotely start the manual transmission vehicle.

11316854

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS N/A BACKGROUND The present invention is generally directed to techniques for performing reverse authentication in a virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) environment to thereby allow an authentication device to be employed at the client terminal without requiring the authentication device's driver(s) to be loaded on the client terminal. Some authentication devices (e.g., those that do not employ the chip card interface device (CCID) protocol) require vendor-specific drivers on the end user's computer. In a VDI environment where the end user's computer is typically a thin client, it may not be desirable to install the vendor-specific drivers (e.g., because there are limited resources), or it may not be possible to install the vendor-specific drivers (e.g., when the thin client is not a Windows-based thin client and the vendor only provides Windows-compatible drivers). For these reasons, many authentication devices cannot be used in a VDI environment. Because the present invention employs USB device redirection, an overview of how this redirection is accomplished will be provided. USB device redirection generally refers to making a USB device that is connected to a client accessible within a virtual desktop as if the USB device had been physically connected to the virtual desktop. In other words, when USB device redirection is implemented, a user can connect a USB device to his or her client terminal and the USB device will function as if it had been connected to the server. FIGS. 1 and 2and the following description will provide a general overview of how USB device redirection can be implemented in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. InFIG. 1, a computing system100is depicted as including a number of client terminals102a-102n(referenced generally herein as client(s)102) in communication with a server104via a network106. Server104can be configured to support a remote session (e.g., a remote desktop session) wherein a user at a client102can remotely access applications and data at the server104from the client102. Such a connection may be established using any of several well-known techniques such as the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) and the Citrix® Independent Computing Architecture (ICA). Client terminal102may represent a computer, a mobile phone (e.g., smart phone), a laptop computer, a thin client terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable computing terminal, or a suitable terminal or device with a processor. Server104may represent a computer, a laptop computer, a computing terminal, a virtual machine (e.g., VMware® Virtual Machine), a desktop session (e.g., Microsoft Terminal Server), a published application (e.g., Microsoft Terminal Server) or a suitable terminal with a processor. Client102may initiate a remote session with server104by sending a request for remote access and credentials (e.g., login name and password) to server104. If server104accepts the credentials from client102, then server104may establish a remote session, which allows a user at client102to access applications and data at server104. During the remote session, server104sends display data to client102over network106, which may include display data of a desktop and/or one or more applications running on server104. The desktop may include, for example, icons corresponding to different applications that can be launched on server104. The display data allows client102to locally display the desktop and/or applications running on server104. During the remote session, client102may send user commands (e.g., inputted via a mouse or keyboard at client102) to server104over network106. Server104may process the user commands from client102similar to user commands received from an input device that is local to server104. For example, if the user commands include mouse movements, then server104may move a pointer on the desktop running on server104accordingly. When the display data of the desktop and/or application changes in response to the user commands, server104sends the updated display data to client102. Client102locally displays the updated display data so that the user at client102can view changes at server104in response to the user commands. Together, these aspects allow the user at client102to locally view and input commands to the desktop and/or application that is running remotely on server104. From the perspective of the client, the desktop running on server104may represent a virtual desktop environment. For purposes of this application, device240can represent a biometric device such as a fingerprint scanner. FIG. 2is a block diagram of a local device virtualization system200in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. System200may include client102in communication with server104over network106as illustrated inFIG. 1. Client102may include a proxy210, a stub driver220, and a bus driver230. Client102can be connected to a device240, as shown inFIG. 2. Server104may include an agent250and a virtual bus driver260. In accordance with USB device redirection techniques, while device240is not locally or physically connected to server104and is remote to server104, device240appears to server104as if it is locally connected to server104, as discussed further below. Thus, device240appears to server104as a virtual device290. By way of illustration and not limitation, device240may be any type of USB device including a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., flash storage device), a printer, a scanner, a camera, a facsimile machine, a phone, an audio device (e.g., a headset), a video device (e.g., a camera), a peripheral device, or other suitable device that can be connected to client102. Device240may be an external device (i.e., external to client102) or an internal device (i.e., internal to client102). Bus driver230can be configured to allow the operating system and programs of client102to interact with device240. In one aspect, when device240is connected to client102(e.g., plugged into a port of client102), bus driver230may detect the presence of device240and read information regarding device240(“device information”) from device240. The device information may include features, characteristics and other information specific to device240such as a device descriptor (e.g., product ID, vendor ID and/or other information), a configuration descriptor, an interface descriptor, an endpoint descriptor and/or a string descriptor. Bus driver230may communicate with device240through a computer bus or other wired or wireless communications interface. In accordance with USB device redirection techniques, device240may be accessed from server104as if the device were connected locally to server240. Device240may be accessed from server104when client102is connected to server104through a remote session running on server104. For example, device240may be accessible from the desktop running on server104(i.e., virtual desktop environment). To enable this, bus driver230may be configured to load stub driver220as the default driver for device240. Stub driver220may be configured to report the presence of device240to proxy210and to provide the device information (e.g., device descriptor) to proxy210. Proxy210may be configured to report the presence of device240, along with the device information, to agent250of server104over network106(e.g., via a TCP or UDP socket). Thus, stub driver220redirects device240to server104via proxy210. Agent250may be configured to receive the report from proxy210that device240is connected to client102and the device information. Agent250may further be configured to associate with the report from proxy210one or more identifiers for client102and/or for a remote session through which client102is connected to server104, such as a session number or a session locally unique identifier (LUID). Agent250can provide notification of device240, along with the device information, to virtual bus driver260. Virtual bus driver260(which may be a Dell Wyse TCX USB bus driver, or any other bus driver) may be configured to create and store in memory a record corresponding to device240. This record may include at least part of the device information and session identifiers received from agent250. Virtual bus driver260may be configured to report to operating system170of server104that device240is connected and to provide the device information to the operating system. This allows the operating system of server104to recognize the presence of device240even though device240is connected to client102. The operating system of server104may use the device information to find and load one or more appropriate device drivers for device240at server104. Each driver may have an associated device object (object(s)281a,281b, . . . ,281n, referred to generally as device object(s)281), as illustratively shown inFIG. 2. A device object281is a software implementation of a real device240or a virtualized (or conceptual) device290. Different device objects281layer over each other to provide the complete functionality. The different device objects281are associated with different device drivers (driver(s)282a,282b, . . .282n, referred to generally as device driver(s)282). In an example, a device240such as a USB flash drive may have associated device objects including objects corresponding to a USB driver, a storage driver, a volume manager driver, and a file system driver for the device. The device objects281corresponding to a same device240form a layered device stack280for device240. For example, for a USB device, a USB bus driver will create a device object281astating that a new device has been plugged in. Next, a plug-and-play (PNP) component of the operating system will search for and load the best driver for device240, which will create another device object281bthat is layered over the previous device object281a. The layering of device objects281will create device stack280. Device objects281may be stored in a memory of the server104associated with virtual bus driver260. In particular, device objects281and resulting device stack280may be stored in random-access memory of server104. Different devices240/290can have device stacks having different device objects and different numbers of device objects. The device stack may be ordered, such that lower level device objects (corresponding to lower level device drivers) have lower numbers than higher level device objects (corresponding to higher level device drivers). The device stack may be traversed downwards by traversing the stack from higher level objects to lower level objects. For example, in the case of an illustrative device stack280corresponding to a USB flash drive, the ordered device stack may be traversed downwards from a high-level file system driver device object, to a volume manager driver device object, to a storage driver device object, to a USB driver device object, and finally to a low-level virtual bus driver device object. Different device stacks280can be layered over each other to provide the functionality of the devices240/290inside devices, like USB Headsets, or USB pen drives. A USB pen drive, for example, can create a USB device stack first, over which it can create a storage device stack, where each of the device stacks have two or more device objects. Once one or more device object(s)281are loaded by operating system170of server104, each device object281can create a symbolic link (also referred to as a “device interface”) to device object281and associated device driver282. The symbolic link is used by applications running on server104to access device object281and device240/290. The symbolic link can be created by a call to a function such as IoCreateSymbolicLink( ) including such arguments as a name for the symbolic link, and a name of device object281or associated device240. In one example, for example, a symbolic link to a USB flash drive device240is created by a call from a device object281for device240to the function IoCreateSymbolicLink( ) including arguments “\GLOBAL??C:” (i.e., the name for the symbolic link) and “DeviceHarddiskVolume1” (i.e., a name of the device object). The creation of a symbolic link results in an entry being created in an object manager namespace (OMN) of operating system170. The OMN stores information on symbolic links created for and used by operating system170, including symbolic links for devices240, virtualized devices290, and applications270running on server104. As a result of the symbolic link creation process, a symbolic link to device240is enumerated in the OMN of server104. Once the presence of device240is reported to operating system170of server104, device240may be accessible from a remote session (and associated desktop) running on server104(i.e., virtual desktop environment). For example, device240may appear as an icon on the virtual desktop environment and/or may be accessed by applications running on server104. An application270running on server104may access device240by sending a transaction request including the symbolic link for device240to operating system170. Operating system170may consult the Object Manager Namespace to retrieve an address or other identifier for the device itself240or for a device object281associated with device240. Using the retrieved address or identifier, operating system170forwards the transaction request for device240either directly, through a device object281of device stack280, and/or through virtual bus driver260. Virtual bus driver260may direct the transaction request to agent250, which sends the transaction request to proxy210over network106. Proxy210receives the transaction request from agent250, and directs the received transaction request to stub driver220. Stub driver220then directs the transaction request to device240through bus driver230. Bus driver230receives the result of the transaction request from device240and sends the result of the transaction request to stub driver220. Stub driver220directs the result of the transaction request to proxy210, which sends the result of the transaction request to agent250over network106. Agent250directs the result of the transaction request to virtual bus driver260. Virtual bus driver260then directs the result of the transaction request to application270either directly or through a device object281of device stack280. Thus, virtual bus driver260may receive transaction requests for device240from application270and send results of the transaction requests back to application270(either directly or through a device object281of device stack280). As such, application270may interact with virtual bus driver260in the same way as with a bus driver for a device that is connected locally to server104. Virtual bus driver260may hide the fact that it sends transaction requests to agent250and receives the results of the transaction requests from agent250instead of a device that is connected locally to server104. As a result, device240connected to client102may appear to application270as if the physical device240is connected locally to server104. In a VDI environment, the user will typically be required to input credentials to log in to client102in order to then establish a remote session on server104. Also, after a remote session has been established, if client102has been locked, the user will typically be required to again input the credentials to unlock client102. In both cases, the credentials are employed locally to gain access to client102. The problem arises when it is desired to use authentication devices to provide these credentials (which is a common requirement in the banking industry). As indicated above, some authentication devices require vendor-specific drivers to be installed on client102. Therefore, if the vendor-specific drivers are not installed on client102, these authentication devices cannot be used to provide credentials for gaining access to client102. BRIEF SUMMARY The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for performing reverse authentication in a VDI environment. By performing reverse authentication, an authentication device can be used to gain access to a client without requiring that the authentication device's drivers be installed on the client. When an authentication device is connected to the client while the client is locked or not logged in, the authentication device can be redirected to a virtual appliance on which the authentication device's drivers are installed. The authentication device can then be used to authenticate the user via the virtual appliance. When authentication is successful, the virtual appliance can send the resulting authentication information back to the client to enable the user to be logged in to the client. Additionally, the virtual appliance can return the authentication device to the client. The client can then employ the authentication information to establish a remote session on a server and redirect the authentication device to the remote server. In one embodiment, the present invention is implemented by a reverse authentication client that is executing on a client terminal in a virtual desktop infrastructure environment as a method for performing reverse authentication. The reverse authentication client receives user input while the client terminal is not logged in or is locked. In response to receiving the user input, the reverse authentication client redirects an authentication device that is connected to the client terminal to a virtual appliance. In conjunction with redirecting the authentication device to the virtual appliance, the reverse authentication client sends user input credentials which include the user input to a reverse authentication server executing on the virtual appliance to thereby enable authentication to be performed on the virtual appliance. The reverse authentication client receives authentication results from the reverse authentication server. In response to receiving the authentication results, the reverse authentication client logs in or unlocks the client terminal and ceases the redirection of the authentication device to the virtual appliance. In another embodiment, the present invention is implemented on a virtual appliance as a method for performing reverse authentication in a virtual desktop infrastructure environment. User input credentials are received from a reverse authentication client executing on a client terminal. In conjunction with receiving the user input credentials, an authentication device that is connected to the client terminal is redirected to the virtual appliance to thereby enable the authentication device to be accessed on the virtual appliance. The received user input credentials are employed to cause an authentication subsystem on the virtual appliance to authenticate a user of the client terminal using the redirected authentication device. Authentication results are received from the authentication subsystem and sent to the reverse authentication client. The redirection of the authentication device is also ceased. This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter.

11259089

TECHNICAL FIELD This invention generally relates to the provision of interactive television services through cable TV infrastructure, and more particularly, to a system and method for managing, converting and displaying video content on a video-on-demand platform, and particularly, advertising displays used for drill-down navigation and displays of consumer-generated classified ads on TV. BACKGROUND OF INVENTION Cable television (CATV) systems are used to deliver television services to a vast majority of TV-viewing homes in the U.S. and other technologically advanced countries. The typical CATV system has a cable service provider head end equipped with video servers to transmit CATV program signals through distribution lines to local nodes and from there to TV subscriber homes. Within the subscriber homes, the CATV program signals are transmitted to one or more customer-premises TV s which are coupled to external set-top boxes for channel tuning or are equipped with internal cable channel tuners. Current CATV set-top boxes provide various functions for channel switching and program access between subscribers and the CATV head end. The more advanced digital set-top boxes are individually addressable from the CATV head end, and also allow subscribers to input via remote control units their selection inputs for transmission on a back channel of the connecting cable to the CATV head end, thereby enabling subscribers to access interactive television services and other types of advanced digital TV services. A primary type of interactive television system is referred to generally as a “video-on-demand” (VOD) system, wherein a viewer can enter a selection choice for a video program via the remote control unit to the set-top box and have the desired video program delivered instantaneously for display on the TV. Such VOD applications can include on-demand movies, documentaries, historic sports events, TV programs, infomercials, advertisements, music videos, short-subjects, and even individual screen displays of information. VOD-based interactive television services generally allow a viewer to use the remote control to cursor through an on-screen menu and select from a variety of titles for stored video programs for individual viewing on demand. Advanced remote control units include button controls with VCR-like functions that enable the viewer to start, stop, pause, rewind, or replay a selected video program or segment. In the future, VOD-based interactive television services may be integrated with or delivered with other advanced interactive television services, such as webpage browsing, e-mail, television purchase (“t-commerce”) transactions, and multimedia delivery. With the increasing interactive functionality and customer reach of interactive television services, advertisers and content providers are find it increasingly attractive to employ on-demand advertising, program content, and TV transactions for home viewers. VOD content delivery platforms are being designed to seamlessly and conveniently deliver a wide range of types of advertising, content, and transaction services on demand to home viewers. An example of an advanced VOD delivery platform is the N-Band™ system offered by Navic Systems, Inc., d/b/a Navic Networks, of Needham, Mass. This is an integrated system which provides an application development platform for third party application developers to develop new VOD service applications, viewer interfaces, and ancillary interactive services for deployment on VOD channels of CATV operators in cable service areas throughout the U.S. A detailed description of the Navic N-Band system is contained in U.S. Patent Application 2002/066,106, filed on May 30, 2002, which is incorporated herein by reference. Advanced digital set-top boxes also have the ability to collect data such as a log of channels tuned to and programs watched by the viewer. The set top box can be designed to collect and report this data automatically to the cable head end. At the head end location, the viewer data can be aggregated over many users with personally identifying data removed, and provided to advertisers and program sponsors for information in designing and targeting new ads and programs for viewer preferences, thereby resulting in increased viewership, higher viewer impressions per ad or program, and ultimately increased revenues. Current VOD ads and program offerings are generally produced for mass audiences. It would be particularly desirable to adapt a VOD delivery platform to deliver ads, promotions, programs, and informational content by allowing viewers to navigate readily and visually to specific items of interest. Such visual navigation for content delivery would be more likely to create a satisfying viewer experience, and also to engage individual viewers in on-demand TV services and transactions. It would also be a particularly desirable to adapt a VOD delivery platform to receive uploads of user ads from individuals such as through an online network for search, navigation, and display to TV subscribers. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with a first objective of the present invention, a video-on-demand (VOD) content delivery system for delivery templatized VOD content comprises: (a) a VOD Application Server located at a Cable Head End which manages a Database of templates for generating templatized VOD content in response to requests for specific video content elements by viewer request signals transmitted from the TV equipment of a viewer to the Cable Head End; (b) a Video Server for storing video content encoded as video content elements and for supplying a requested video content element in response to the VOD Application Server for delivery to the TV equipment of the viewer; and (c) an Application Data Center for creating and storing a plurality of different templates ordered in a hierarchy for presentation of video content elements of different selected types categorized in hierarchical order, wherein a template for display of a video content element in a higher level of the hierarchy includes a link to one or more templates and video content elements in a lower level of the hierarchy, said plurality of hierarchically-ordered templates and links being stored in the Database managed by the VOD Application Server, and (d) wherein said VOD Application Server, in response to viewer request for a selected video content element of a higher order in the hierarchy, retrieves the corresponding template from said Database and corresponding video content element from said Video Server to provide a templatized VOD content display on the viewer's TV equipment which includes one or more links to video content elements in a lower order of hierarchy, and upon viewer request selecting a link displayed in the templatized VOD content to a video content element in the lower order of hierarchy, retrieves the corresponding template and video content element of lower order hierarchy for display on the viewer's TV equipment, thereby enabling the viewer to use drill-down navigation through TV displays of templatized VOD content. In a preferred embodiment of the templatized VOD content delivery system, the system employs the templatized content delivery to create a User Interface for the viewer to navigate through progressively more specific template (display ad) types linked in series to reach an end subject of interest to the viewer. Referred to herein as “Drill-Down Ads,” the series of progressively more specific display ad types allow the subscriber to navigate to an end subject of interest while at the same time having a unique visual experience of moving visually through a series of ads mirroring the viewer's path to the end subject of interest. As an example involving automobile advertising, the User Interface can provide a hierarchical ordering of video display ads that starts with an Auto Maker's ad displayed with links to Model ads. The viewer can select using the remote control unit a specific Model ad which is displayed with links to more specific levels of ads, such as “Custom Packages”, “Feature/Options”, or “Color/Styling”, etc., until it reaches an end subject of interest to the subscriber. The viewer would thus be able to navigate to specific content of interest while traversing through video ad displays of the Auto Maker, Models, Model A, Features, etc. Similarly, the viewer can navigate to specific content of interest while traversing through video ad displays of Local Dealers, Dealer A, Current Sales Promotions, etc. The templatized VOD ads are generated dynamically by searching the VOD Application database with each current request by a viewer. This enables the system to dynamically generate and display updated advertising content that remains current. For example, if the Auto Maker changes the Model types available, or if Local Dealer A changes its current sales promotions, that advertiser's ads can be updated with new content and selection options on the system database, and the new templatized ads can be generated dynamically, instead of new ads having to be filmed, produced, contracted, and installed with the cable TV company. Many other types of ads, subjects, and other interactive TV applications can be enabled with the use of the Drill-Down Navigation method. The selections or preferences exhibited by viewer navigation paths through the Drill-Down Navigation can also be tracked, profiled, and/or targeted as feedback data to advertisers for fine-tuning Drill-Down ad designs. In accordance with a second objective of the invention, a video-on-demand (VOD) content delivery system for managing, converting and displaying consumer-generated classified ads on TV comprises: (a) a Content Management Website for enabling individual users to upload classified ad content on an online network connection from their remote computers, said uploaded classified ad content including associated meta data for identifying the ad content by title and topical area; (b) a Content Screening Component for receiving the classified ad content uploaded to the Content Management Website and screening the content for objectionable text, audio, video and/or images in the content, and for rejecting said content if objectionable text, audio, video and/or images are found; (c) a Content Feed Component for automatically transferring the classified ad content screened by the Content Screening Component with the associated meta data and supplying them to a Content Conversion Component; (d) a Content Conversion Component for automatically converting the transferred classified ad content supplied from the Content Feed Component into a video data format compatible with the VOD content delivery system, and for automatically indexing the converted classified ad content in a Video Server database according to title and topical area as specified in the content meta data; and (e) a VOD Application Server, operatively connected between said Content Conversion Component and a Cable Head End connected via cable connection to the TV equipment of viewers, for delivering from the Cable Head End classified ad title and topical area listings data generated from the meta data for the classified ad content to be displayed on the TV equipment of viewers to enable their searching for classified ads of interest and, in response to a viewer request signal requesting a specific classified ad of interest transmitted via the TV equipment to the Cable Head End, for retrieving the requested classified ad from the Video Server database and transmitting it to be displayed to the viewer on their TV equipment. In a preferred embodiment of the TV classified ads system, individual users can upload classified ad content via their web browser, including text, audio, video and/or image files in industry-standard file formats, to the Content Management Website. The Content Screening Component is configured to parse the input for objectionable text words in text files, detect objectionable audio words in audio files, and optically recognize objectionable images in graphics or video files. The Content Feed Component automatically transmits classified ad content that has been appropriately contracted for display (paid for, and within the contracted time period) to the Content Conversion Component and the Video Server database. The VOD Application Server responds to requests input by viewers via remote control and retrieves the requested classified ads indexed by their titles and topical areas from the Video Server database to be displayed on the viewer's TV. The Content Management Website can also include functions for: (a) Account Management of user transaction accounts; (b) Content Classification to facilitate user designation of titles and topical areas to uniquely and attractively identify their classified ads; (c) Bulletin Board for creation and management of consumer-generated content related to announcements and other items of general interest to be displayed to viewers in subsidiary displays; and (d) Transaction Processing for the processing the payment of user fees, changes, and refunds in the use of the system. The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention are described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

11420357

FIELD The improvements generally relate to the field of concrete production, and more particularly relate to the delivery of fresh concrete using mixer trucks. BACKGROUND A mixer truck generally has a frame and a drum which is rotatably mounted to the frame. Typically, the drum has inwardly protruding blades mounted therein which, depending on whether the drum is rotated in a mixing direction or in an unloading direction, either mix the concrete constituents or force freshly mixed concrete constituents, i.e. the fresh concrete, towards a discharge outlet of the drum. Accordingly, the mixer truck can carry a volume of fresh concrete from a concrete production site to one or more construction sites where it can be poured as desired. In some circumstances, only a fraction of the volume of fresh concrete initially carried in the drum may be discharged at a first construction site. In these circumstances, knowledge concerning the amount of fresh concrete which remain inside the drum after the partial discharge at the first construction site can be advantageously used. For instance, the remaining amount of fresh concrete can be discharged at a second construction site. Alternately, the mixer truck can be instructed to return to the concrete production site should the remaining amount of fresh concrete be insufficient for an additional discharge. Examples of conventional techniques for evaluating the remaining amount of fresh concrete inside the drum after a partial discharge are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,752,768 to Assh, U.S. Pat. No. 9,550,312 B2 to Roberts et al. In these conventional techniques, the remaining amount of fresh concrete inside the drum after a partial discharge is determined based on an initial amount of fresh concrete in the drum, a number of rotations of the drum in the unloading direction and a discharge flow rate value using an equation equivalent to: VR=VI−DFR·(NT-NP); where VRdenotes the remaining amount of fresh concrete in the drum after the partial discharge, VIdenotes the initial amount of fresh concrete initially inside the drum, DFR denotes the discharge flow rate, i.e. the volume of fresh concrete that is discharged at the discharge outlet of the drum per discharge rotation, NTdenotes a total number of rotations in the unloading direction and Npdenotes a priming number of discharge rotations indicative of the number of rotations of the drum in the unloading direction which are required so that fresh concrete be discharged at the discharge outlet of the drum. As can be appreciated, other authors may use other similar expressions such as “discharge rate per turn” or “volume-per-revolution-upon-discharge” to refer to the discharge flow rate. Although such techniques have been found to be satisfactory to a certain degree, there remains room for improvement. SUMMARY The inventor found drawbacks associated to existing methods for determining the discharge flow rate and/or methods of determining the priming number Npof discharge rotations, as they generally required an operator to look at the discharge outlet of the drum in order to determine whether fresh concrete is being discharged or not. In accordance with one aspect, there is provided a system comprising: a frame; a drum rotatably mounted to the frame for receiving fresh concrete, the drum having inwardly protruding blades mounted inside the drum which, when the drum is rotated in an unloading direction, force fresh concrete inside the drum towards a discharge outlet of the drum; at least one discharge outlet sensor disposed at the discharge outlet of the drum and being configured to sense the presence of fresh concrete at the discharge outlet as the drum rotates in the unloading direction; and a controller communicatively coupled with the at least one discharge outlet sensor, the controller being configured for performing the steps of: receiving a signal from the at least one discharge outlet sensor indicative of the presence of the discharged fresh concrete at the discharge outlet as the drum rotates in the unloading direction; and determining at least one parameter based on the received signal. In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a method for determining at least one parameter characterizing delivery of fresh concrete using a mixer truck, the mixer drum having a rotatable drum having inwardly protruding blades mounted inside the drum which, when the drum is rotated in an unloading direction, force the fresh concrete towards a discharge outlet of the drum, the method comprising: discharging a volume of the fresh concrete from the drum by rotating the drum in the unloading direction while monitoring a given number of unloading rotations; using at least one discharge outlet sensor disposed at the discharge outlet of the drum, monitoring the presence of the discharged fresh concrete at the discharge outlet as the drum rotates in the unloading direction; and determining at least one parameter characterizing the delivery of the fresh concrete using the mixer truck based on the given number of unloading rotations and on said monitoring. It will be understood that the expression “computer” as used herein is not to be interpreted in a limiting manner. It is rather used in a broad sense to generally refer to the combination of some form of one or more processing units and some form of memory system accessible by the processing unit(s). Similarly, the expression “controller” as used herein is not to be interpreted in a limiting manner but rather in a general sense of a device, or of a system having more than one device, performing the function(s) of controlling one or more device such as an electronic device or an actuator for instance. It will be understood that the various functions of a computer or of a controller can be performed by hardware or by a combination of both hardware and software. For example, hardware can include logic gates included as part of a silicon chip of the processor. Software can be in the form of data such as computer-readable instructions stored in the memory system. With respect to a computer, a controller, a processing unit, or a processor chip, the expression “configured to” relates to the presence of hardware or a combination of hardware and software which is operable to perform the associated functions. Many further features and combinations thereof concerning the present improvements will appear to those skilled in the art following a reading of the instant disclosure.

11386251

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-155694, filed Sep. 16, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. FIELD Embodiments described herein relate generally to a logic simulation verification system, a logic simulation verification method, and a program. BACKGROUND In a logic simulation, a logic simulator is executed using input information data including a library, a circuit description, and a test bench file which are described by a Verilog-HDL language. Furthermore, in order to avoid a signal contention state, the logic simulator may analyze whether a signal contention state is caused.

11440645

RELATED APPLICATION This Applications claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/097,122, filed Dec. 4, 2013, which is incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND There exists an ever growing need in the aviation industry to increase aircraft efficiencies and reduce the amount of fossil fuels consumed. Winglets have been designed and installed on many aircraft including large multi-passenger aircraft to increase efficiency, performance, and aesthetics. Such winglets usually consist of a horizontal body portion that may attach to the end of a wing and an angled portion that may extend vertically upward from the horizontal body portion. For example, a winglet may be attached to a pre-existing wing of an aircraft to increase flight efficiency, aircraft performance, or even to improve the aesthetics of the aircraft. However, winglets must be designed for certain flight conditions and may represent tradeoffs between performance and weight penalties. For example, this additional structure that may be required to handle the loads of the higher performance configuration may add to the overall weight of the aircraft and detracts from any efficiencies gained by addition of the winglet in the first place. Additionally, the winglets and resulting lift distribution across the wing may be optimized for only one flight condition, for example a nominal cruise condition. Optimization for one flight condition may detract from, or even eliminate, efficiencies that may be otherwise gained while the aircraft is in any other flight condition. Accordingly, there remains a need in the art for improved aircraft winglets and wingtip devices. SUMMARY This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. This disclosure describes an adjustable lift modification wingtip and methods for using the wingtip. For example, an adjustable lift modification wingtip may be attached to a baseline wing of an aircraft. The adjustable lift modification wingtip may comprise a horizontal portion including a control surface and a vertical portion coupled to the horizontal portion. The vertical portion may move about an axis that may be substantially perpendicular to the horizontal portion. The control surface and the vertical portion may be adjusted to increase wing efficiency at a flight condition. The adjustable lift modification wingtip may include a control system for controlling motion of the control surface and the vertical portion based at least in part on flight condition data. For certain flight conditions, the adjustable lift modification wingtip may deflect the control surface down and rotate a leading edge of the vertical portion in to increase lift at a first flight condition, and deflect the control surface up and rotate the leading edge of the vertical portion out to decrease lift at a second flight condition. Additionally or alternatively, the adjustable lift modification wingtip may use an existing control surface, for example, a flaperon, on a baseline wing and may omit the horizontal portion. Additionally or alternatively, the vertical portion may rotate about an angled axis is substantially parallel to a vertical axis of the aircraft, the angled axis may be substantially parallel to a spanwise portion of the angled portion, an angled axis that may be out of plane with the baseline wing, or a combination thereof.

11350822

TECHNICAL FIELD Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to devices collecting physiological information, and particularly to a system and method managing the implementation, execution, data collection, and data analysis of a structured collection procedure running on a portable, hand-held collection device as well as status reporting of the structured collection procedure. BACKGROUND A disease which is long lasting or which reoccurs often is defined typically as a chronic disease. Known chronic diseases include, among others, depression, compulsive obsession disorder, alcoholism, asthma, autoimmune diseases (e.g. ulcerative colitis, lupus erythematosus), osteoporosis, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Such chronic diseases require chronic care management for effective long-term treatment. After an initial diagnosis, one of the functions of chronic care management is then to optimize a patient's therapy of the chronic disease. In the example of diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from inadequate insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, it is known that diabetes manifests itself differently in each person because of each person's unique physiology that interacts with variable health and lifestyle factors such as diet, weight, stress, illness, sleep, exercise, and medication intake. Biomarkers are patient biologically derived indicators of biological or pathogenic processes, pharmacologic responses, events or conditions (e.g., aging, disease or illness risk, presence or progression, etc.). For example, a biomarker can be an objective measurement of a variable related to a disease, which may serve as an indicator or predictor of that disease. In the case of diabetes mellitus, such biomarkers include measured values for glucose, lipids, triglycerides, and the like. A biomarker can also be a set of parameters from which to infer the presence or risk of a disease, rather than a measured value of the disease itself. When properly collected and evaluated, biomarkers can provide useful information related to a medical question about the patient, as well as be used as part of a medical assessment, as a medical control, and/or for medical optimization. For diabetes, clinicians generally treat diabetic patients according to published therapeutic guidelines such as, for example, Joslin Diabetes Center & Joslin Clinic,Clinical Guideline for Pharmacological Management of Type2Diabetes(2007) and Joslin Diabetes Center & Joslin Clinic,Clinical Guideline for Adults with Diabetes(2008). The guidelines may specify a desired biomarker value, e.g., a fasting blood glucose value of less than 100 mg/dl, or the clinician can specify a desired biomarker value based on the clinician's training and experience in treating patients with diabetes. However, such guidelines do not specify biomarker collection procedures for parameter adjustments to support specific therapies used in optimizing a diabetic patient's therapy. Subsequently, diabetic patients often must measure their glucose levels with little structure for collection and with little regard to lifestyle factors. Such unstructured collections of glucose levels can result in some biomarker measurements lacking interpretative context, thereby reducing the value of such measurements to clinicians and other such health care providers helping patients manage their disease. A patient with a chronic disease may be asked by different clinicians at various times to perform a number of collections in an effort to diagnose a chronic disease or to optimize therapy. However, these requests to perform such collections according to a schedule may overlap, be repeats, run counter to each other and/or provide a burden on the patient such that the patient may avoid any further attempts to diagnose their chronic disease or to optimize therapy. In addition, if a requesting clinician does not evaluate the patient properly to see if the schedule of requested collections is possible and/or whether parameters for the collections are suitable and/or acceptable for the patient, having useful results from such collections may be unlikely. Still further, if there has not been enough suitable data collected to complete the requested collections, such that the data collected is helpful towards addressing the medical question and/or the interests of the clinician, such a request may waste the time and effort of the clinician and the patient as well as the consumables used to perform the collections. Again, such failure may discourage the patient from seeking further therapy advice. Moreover, prior art collection devices used in facilitating a schedule of collections provide limited guidance, if any at all, and simple reminders of a collection event. Such prior art device typically need to be programmed manually by the either clinician or the patient, in which to govern the collection schedule. Such limited guidance and functionality provided by prior art collection devices can also further discourage the patient from seeking any future optimization of their therapy as performing another collection procedure in this manner may be viewed as being laborious by the patient, thereby leaving such optimization to simply guessing. SUMMARY It is against the above background that embodiments of the present invention present a system and method managing the implementation, execution, data collection, and data analysis of a prospective structured collection procedure running on a portable, hand-held collection device as well as status reporting of the structured collection procedure. Embodiments of the present invention can be implemented on various collection devices, such as a blood glucose measuring device (meter) that has the capability to accept and run thereon one or more collection procedures and associated meter-executable scripts according to the present invention. These collection procedures in one embodiment can be generated on a computer or any device capable of generating a collection procedure. Status reporting of the structured collection procedure running on a device can be in printed and/or electronic format, and be provided to both patients and clinicians for different purposes, such as for the patient, e.g., troubleshooting, motivation, determining health status, and the likes, and for the clinician, e.g., to learn about patients' needs, to identify depressive patients, to determine health status, and the likes. In one embodiment, a collection device which performs a structured collection procedure is disclosed. The device comprises: a display, memory, a processor connected to the memory and the display, and program instructions. The program instructions when executed by the processor cause the processor to: initiate a schedule of events of the structured collection procedure upon one or more entry criteria being met, collect patient data for the structured collection procedure when entered in response to a request in accordance with an event provided in the schedule of events after initiation, store automatically in the memory the collected patient data, assess automatically whether the collected patient data in response to the request meets one or more adherence and/or acceptance criteria, associate automatically with the stored collected patient data a unique identifier in the memory if satisfying the one or more adherence and/or acceptance criteria, provide automatically a status report when the one or more adherence and/or acceptance criteria are not met during the structured collection procedure, and end automatically the structured collection procedure upon one or more exit criteria being met. In another embodiment, a collection device which performs a structured collection procedure is disclosed. The device comprises: a display; memory; a processor connected to the memory and the display; and program instructions which when executed by the processor cause the processor to: initiate a schedule of events of the structured collection procedure upon one or more entry criteria being met, collect patient data for the structured collection procedure when entered in response to a request in accordance with an event provided in the schedule of events after initiation, store automatically in the memory the collected patient data, assess automatically whether the collected patient data in response to the request meets one or more adherence and/or acceptance criteria, associate automatically with the stored collected patient data a unique identifier in the memory if satisfying the one or more adherence and/or acceptance criteria, end automatically the structured collection procedure upon one or more exit criteria being met, and provide automatically a status report when the one or more exit criteria is met. In still another embodiment, a method of managing a structured collection procedure is disclosed and comprises providing a collection device with the structured collection procedure and a program instructions, and executing the program instruction on the collection device. The program instructions cause a processor of the collection device to: initiate a schedule of events of the structured collection procedure upon one or more entry criteria being met, collect patient data for the structured collection procedure when entered in response to a request in accordance with an event provided in the schedule of events after initiation, store automatically in the memory the collected patient data, assess automatically whether the collected patient data in response to the request meets one or more adherence and/or acceptance criteria, associate automatically with the stored collected patient data a unique identifier in the memory if satisfying the one or more adherence and/or acceptance criteria, provide automatically a status report when the one or more adherence and/or acceptance criteria are not met during the structured collection procedure, and end automatically the structured collection procedure upon one or more exit criteria being met. These and other advantages and features of various embodiments of the invention disclosed herein, will be made more apparent from the description, drawings and claims that follow.

11531860

BACKGROUND RNNs and LSTM blocks are widely applied to the fields such as pattern recognition, image processing, functional approximation and optimal computation. In recent years, due to the higher recognition accuracy and better parallelizability, RNNs have received increasing attention. A known method to support the LSTM blocks in RNNs is to use a general-purpose processor. For example, a general-purpose register file and a general-purpose functional unit may be implemented to execute general-purpose instructions to support RNN algorithms. One of the disadvantages of the method is that the operational performance of the single general-purpose processor is lower and cannot meet the performance requirements of the operations of RNNs and LSTM blocks. When multiple general-purpose processors are executed in parallel, the communication between the general-purpose processors becomes a performance bottleneck. In addition, the general-purpose processor needs to decode the reverse operations of the RNN and the LSTM into a long list of operations and a fetch instruction sequence, and the frontend decoding of the processor brings a larger power amount of power consumption. Another known method to support the RNN algorithms is to use graphics processing units (GPUs). Since GPUs are specially used for performing graphics image operations and scientific calculations, without special supports for multiple layer artificial neural network operations, a large amount of previous decoding work is still required to perform multiple layer artificial neural network operations, bringing a large amount of additional power consumption. SUMMARY The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later. One example aspect of the present disclosure provides an example apparatus for LSTM blocks in an RNN. The example apparatus may include one or more slave computation modules configured to calculate a first input gate partial sum, a second input gate partial sum, and a third input gate partial sum. The example apparatus may further include an interconnection unit configured to add the first input gate partial sum, the second input gate partial sum, and the third input gate partial sum to generate a dormant input gate value. Further still, the example apparatus may include a master computation module connected to the one or more slave computation modules via the interconnection unit, wherein the master computation module configured to activate the dormmate input gate value to generate an activated input gate value. Another example apparatus may include one or more slave computation modules configured to calculate a first cell output partial sum and a second cell output partial sum. In addition, the example apparatus may include an interconnection unit configured to add the first cell output partial sum and the second cell output partial sum to generate one or more cell output gradients. Another example aspect of the present disclosure provides an example method. The example method may include calculating, by one or more slave computation modules, a first input gate partial sum, a second input gate partial sum, and a third input gate partial sum; adding, by an interconnection unit, the first input gate partial sum, the second input gate partial sum, and the third input gate partial sum to generate a dormant input gate value; and activating, by a master computation module connected to the one or more slave computation modules via the interconnection unit, the dormmate input gate value to generate an activated input gate value. The example aspect may include another example method for LSTM blocks in an RNN. The example method may include calculating, by one or more slave computation modules, a first cell output partial sum and a second cell output partial sum; and adding, by an interconnection unit, the first cell output partial sum and the second cell output partial sum to generate one or more cell output gradients. To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features herein after fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

11262782

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates generally to electronic devices and, more particularly, to current mirror circuits. BACKGROUND Current mirrors are one of the few building blocks that are fundamental to the general circuit designs. In particular, broadband, linear current mirrors are one of the major founding blocks of open loop broadband linear amplifiers utilized within wide range of markets, such as communication, military, automotive, and industrial. Designing current mirrors that can mirror their input current with a constant current gain to their outputs within a wide operating bandwidth in a linear fashion and in presence of the ever increasing fundamental input signal frequency is not trivial. At a given operating frequency, linearity and signal bandwidth of a current mirror ultimately set an upper bound to the dynamic range of an amplifier, or any other circuit in which a current mirror is used. Classically, linearity is traded off with bandwidth and power. Consequently, having current mirrors that have both high linearity and wide signal bandwidth would provide a significant competitive advantage in differentiating products in a given market.

11508390

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS Not Applicable STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT Not Applicable THE NAMES OF THE PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT Not Applicable INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC OR AS A TEXT FILE VIA THE OFFICE ELECTRONIC FILING SYSTEM Not Applicable STATEMENT REGARDING PRIOR DISCLOSURES BY THE INVENTOR OR JOINT INVENTOR Not Applicable BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (1) Field of the Invention The disclosure relates to transmitter devices and more particularly pertains to a new transmitter device for enhancing verbal communication for a user wearing a face mask. The device includes a clip that is attachable to the face mask. A microphone and a speaker are each coupled to the clip for amplifying words spoken by the user. In this way a listener can clearly hear the words spoken by the user. (2) Description of Related Art Including Information Disclosed Under 37 CFR 1.97 and 1.98 The prior art relates to transmitter devices including a face mask microphone that employs a light emitter to transmit an audio signal through a window of a full face mask. The prior art discloses a variety of face masks that have a voice transmission mechanism integrated therein for transmitting a user's voice when the user is wearing the face mask. The prior art discloses a variety of face masks that have a microphone integrated into the face mask and a speaker that is remotely positioned with respect to the face mask. Brief Summary of the Invention An embodiment of the disclosure meets the needs presented above by generally comprising a clip that has a first member which is biased against a second member to engage a face mask. A microphone is coupled to the second member of the clip to capture words spoken by the user. A speaker is coupled to the first member of the clip to emit audible sounds to a listener. The speaker is in communication with the microphone thereby facilitating the speaker to emit sounds captured by the microphone. In this way the speaker can enhance the listener's ability to hear the words spoken by the user. There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of the disclosure in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are additional features of the disclosure that will be described hereinafter and which will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto. The objects of the disclosure, along with the various features of novelty which characterize the disclosure, are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure.

11365081

FIELD The present invention relates to a paper sheet accumulating device and a control method of the paper sheet accumulating device. BACKGROUND For example, a banknote handling apparatus used as an automated teller machine (ATM) or the like, includes a banknote accumulating device in which banknotes, which are collected by the banknote handling apparatus, are stored. Such a banknote accumulating device includes an accumulating part in which banknotes are accumulated, and an impeller that sends banknotes to the accumulating part.Patent Literature 1: Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 1997-48552 In the above-described banknote accumulating device, for example, accumulating banknotes, which have folds or wrinkles, causes the banknotes to be bulky in the accumulating part, which becomes a problem of a decrease in storage capacity of the accumulating part in accordance with a deformation state of the banknotes accumulated. For this reason, in the banknote accumulating device of the related art, causing a pressing member to press the banknotes, which are accumulated in the accumulating part, suppresses a decrease in storage amount of the banknotes accumulated in the accumulating part. However, in this banknote accumulating device, the provision of the pressing member and a drive mechanism that drives the pressing member, has a disadvantage that the banknote accumulating device is increased in size and complicated in structure. SUMMARY According to an aspect of the embodiments, a paper sheet accumulating device includes: an accumulating part in which paper sheets are accumulated; an impeller that sends the paper sheets to the accumulating part; and a support mechanism that supports the impeller, wherein the support mechanism includes a first rotation shaft that supports the impeller rotatable, a support member provided with the first rotation shaft, a second rotation shaft that supports the support member rotatable in a direction of the support member moving toward and away from the accumulating part, and a biasing member that biases the support member in a direction of the impeller moving toward the paper sheets accumulated in the accumulating part. The object and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the claims. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are not restrictive of the invention.

11420102

FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to golf grips and, in particular, to a weighted golf grip that has a high resistance to twisting and torque thereby increasing the stability of the golf grip. BACKGROUND OF INVENTION It is well known to add weight to the grip portion of a golf club for various purposes such as balancing the overall club weight or the swing weight of a golf club. Typically, weight is added to the upper or butt portion of the grip for these purposes. U.S. Pat. No. 7,635,310 to Keough discloses the use of a plurality of weight members in a longitudinal channel formed in a grip for balancing the face of a putter. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,690,407 and 4,988,102 to Reisner are directed to golf grips having a weight attached to the upper butt end of the grip to control swing weight and counter balance the weight of the club head and shaft. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0045136 to Boccieri is one of a typical number of grips using a grip weight to balance shaft and head weight of a putter type golf club. U.S. Pat. No. 5,244,209 to Benzel uses weight at the upper end of a grip for swing weight adjustment. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0009363 to Solodovnick shows a variety of longitudinal weight members in a golf grip. U.S. Pat. No. 6,511,386 to Cacicedo discloses a golf grip with stiffening rods imbedded therein. SUMMARY OF INVENTION The present invention represents a grip structure that increases the MOI of a golf club by positioning a majority of the overall weight of the grip further away from the shaft or center of torque of the grip thereby reducing the twisting and turning of the club as a golf ball is struck. In accordance with the present invention, the overall design and structure is similar to conventional grips and includes a grip body having a closed upper butt section, and a shaft opening at the lower end of the grip that extends essentially the entire length of the grip for attachment to a golf club shaft. The grip body includes a longitudinal channel to accommodate a rear weight imbedded into the channel at the rear, longitudinal underside of the grip body. In a preferable embodiment, the weighting material is a permanently installed, elongated rod, shaped to conform and fit into the complimentary channel cut into or formed at the rear underside of the grip body. The weight is located longitudinally between the upper butt section of the grip and the lower opening along an extreme outer edge of and at the underside of the grip body directly below the shaft and oriented parallel to the putter face. Preferably, the weight has an outer shape that conforms to the outer shape of the grip body. The center of the weighted rod is only located directly below and in-line with the center of a shaft opening located along a frontal portion of the grip. In a preferred embodiment, the grip may include an outer, thin over listing or wrap made of lightweight material that covers the grip body and the outer portion of the rear weight. The grip body preferably is made with a lightweight material, such as EVA foam or other similar lightweight material, having a total weight of approximately 45 grams. The elongated weighted rod may be made of steel, lead or a similar heavy metal material having an overall weight of 50 to 170 grams that preferably is approximately 65 grams. The lightweight material is at least 50 times lighter per cubic inch of material than the material weight for a given cube inch of the heavy metal material. For example, a one inch cube of EVA foam has significantly less weight than a corresponding one inch cube of steel weight material and will be approximately 50 to 85 times lighter. It will be appreciated that if a heavier metal, such as lead or tungsten, is used the lightweight material becomes even lighter, as much as 220 times lighter than the imbedded rear weight material. It follows that the total weight of the grip body, although much larger in volume than the imbedded rear weight, is less than the weight of the much smaller, elongated rod in the lowermost rear section of the grip body. When an outer wrap or listing is used, primarily for esthetic reasons and/or to provide a specific gripping surface, this outer listing is no greater than 15 grams. Thus, even with the use of an outer listing, the rod weight is greater than the rest of the grip. In combination, the weighted rod and the lower rear portion of the grip body in which the weight is embedded, forms about 70% of the total weight of the assembled grip located below the center and to the rear of the shaft opening. Another feature of the invention is that the weighted rod at the rear, longitudinal underside of the grip is spaced away from and is located on only a bottom side of the shaft away from where the center of torque of the putter is normally located. Preferably the weighted rod is at least 15 mm from the center of the shaft opening and that distance is at least 60% of the total distance between the front of the grip and the rear of the grip. When the grip is properly positioned on the shaft of a putter, the rear, longitudinal underside section of the grip is located downward when the putter is properly aligned and, in turn, the top of the grip faces upward during a normal putting stroke. In this position, a line drawn through the center of the shaft opening and the center of the weight member is parallel to the face of the putter so the face can easily be manipulated by the golfer to be at a square position relative to an intended target line. The heavy weight at the lower, rear of the putter grip assists in keeping the putter face square to the line position during the execution of a putting stroke as a result of the increased MOI of the grip that tends to stabilize the putter. In a typical size grip, the length is 287 mm or 11.25 inches. The grip width is 26 mm or one inch and the depth is 32 mm or 1.25 inches. The center of the shaft opening is located 14 mm from the front top surface of the grip and the weighted rod is at least 15 mm, and preferably at least 17 mm, from the center of the shaft opening. The greater distance between the weighted rod and the center of the shaft opening creates a moment arm that increases the MOI of the grip that increases resistance to torque and twisting and this assists a golfer to maintain a square face to the path during the execution of a putting stroke. In use, a golfer takes the putter grip loosely in the hands and allows the grip and the attached putter to fall to a natural position due to gravity. The grip is structured so that when a golf club or golf putter is used in a normal position, the weight at the rear, longitudinal underside section of the grip is the part of the grip that is the lowest toward the ground and a line intersecting the center of the weight member and the shaft opening is parallel with the face of the putter and perpendicular to the intended target line when the putter is allowed to assume a true gravity position. The higher MOI, or resistance to torque and turning of the grip, makes it easier to maintain a stable, aligned position and aids in preventing rotation during the execution of a putting stroke. Therefore, it follows the grip of the present invention creates a superior result by assisting the golfer to feel the face angle of the putter and, in turn, to maintain a perpendicular angle to the direction of the stroke path. Whereas the benefits of the grip structure of this invention are likely to make only subtle improvements in maintaining the golf club in a stable position, it will be appreciated that extremely minor face position changes usually make a major difference in the final resting point of a golf ball struck at distances of 20 or 30 feet and even longer lengths. In addition, because the putting stroke is relatively soft and creates much less impact force against a golf ball, as compared to a full swing golf shot, the smallest nuance during the putting stroke can make a significant difference in the ability of the golfer to make a smooth and confident putting stroke ultimately resulting in the golfer making more putts. It follows, a feeling of stability is created with the higher MOI of the grip that is extremely beneficial to the golfer by creating a more stable and balanced feel in the golfer's hands that is most important to the proper execution of a putting stroke. Among the objects of the invention is the provision of a golf grip having a weighted rear, longitudinal underside section to increase the MOI of the golf club to which the grip is attached. Another object is the provision of a golf grip that increases resistance to torque and twisting when a golf ball is struck by a golf club to which the golf grip is attached. Yet another object is the provision of a golf grip that promotes a square face of the putter through the entire stroke path. Still another object is the provision of a golf grip having a lower, rear longitudinal weight that is at least the same weight as the remainder of the grip. Another object is the provision of a golf grip having a lower, rear longitudinal weight member that is at least 50 times heavier for a given volume of material than the remainder of the grip body. An object of the invention is a grip structure to provide feedback that enables a golfer to feel the alignment of the face during the execution of a putting stroke. These and other objects of the invention will be apparent with reference to the following drawings and accompanying written specification.

11348638

BACKGROUND Memory devices are used to store information in semiconductor devices and systems. Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) cells are non-volatile memory cells that store information based on changes in electric resistance. In general, an RRAM cell includes a storage node in which a bottom electrode, a resistive switching layer and a top electrode may be sequentially stacked. The resistance of the resistive switching layer varies according to an applied voltage. An RRAM cell can be in a plurality of states in which the electric resistances are different. Each different state may represent a digital information. The state can be changed by applying a predetermined voltage or current between the electrodes. A state is maintained as long as a predetermined operation is not performed.

11260717

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application claims priority to China Patent Application No. 201710308901.0, filed May 24, 2017, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference to their entirety. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a chassis, which relates to that part specifically allowing the robot to move freely. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION With the rapid development of technology, the technology of vehicle engineering has also improved. Generally a vehicle is divided into two parts: the shell and the chassis. The common chassis includes several parts, such as tires, frames, the steering, actuators, brakes and the suspension. Tires, the steering and the suspension are the core and the most important parts of the vehicle as they control the direction of traveling and avoid overturning. In general, when a vehicle is traveling, it encounters problems such as turning and crossing obstacles. Therefore, how to make vehicles travel stably and turn smoothly is the major issue in vehicle engineering. In terms of turning, the tires and the steering are the controlling core of the shell. The conventional steering is a single connecting-rod steering part, as disclosed inFIG. 1a. The characteristic of the single connecting-rod steering is that the drivers can control the front wheels independently and directly. For example, for a four-wheel car, two steering control the front wheels independently. When drivers want to turn, they just need to turn the steering wheel and the tires will turn in the direction that they want to go. The front wheels, which are controlled by the steering wheel, will turn as well, and then the rear wheels will also turn in the same direction. This kind of steering is good enough for four-wheel sedan cars. However, for special vehicles with more wheels, such as six-wheel armored cars, jeeps, buses or multi-wheel tanks, a single connecting-rod steering is not applied to these vehicles. In addition, the function of the suspension is to keep vehicles and shells stable and to isolate the chassis because of obstacles encountered during travel, causing bounce and vibration. The suspension is mainly composed of a spring and a damper and is usually just regarded as such. For civilian-use sedan cars, the general suspension is divided into independent and non-independent types. The characteristic of the independent suspension is that left and right tires of the chassis are controlled separately. However, the characteristic of the non-independent suspension is that all tires of the chassis are controlled by one suspension. Suspensions are also divided into active and non-active types. The main difference between these two types is that the elastic constant and the damping coefficient of the active suspension can be controlled by the computer. After the user has set up the elastic constant and the damping coefficient, the active suspension can adapt to different road environments. However, the elastic constant and the damping coefficient of the non-active suspension are fixed. They will not change automatically in response different environments; therefore, its adaptability is poor. The tire is a kind of device covered with metal, wood or rubber circumferentially. Its circumferential-covering material is called the tire skin and its center has a rim. The rim is fixed with the motor. Generally, the motor is placed on the wheel hub of the tire i.e., the motor is placed in the center of the tire and surrounded by the tire skin; or on the periphery of the tire, which generally means that the motor is not in the center of the tire, but adjacent to the tire; or on the connecting rod, which is adjacent to the actuator controlling the speed of the tires and the signals from the steering while the vehicles are traveling. Typically the tires used in cars are ordinary tires, which mean that the tire skin is rubber, and the motor is fixed beside the tire. The differences for conventional tires are in the designs of the treads and the shapes of the rims. However, when the tires are fixed to the steering, they are not ideally perpendicular to the steering or perpendicular to the ground. They have inclined angles, as shown inFIG. 1b. Where the camber angle is the angle θ1between the wheel centerline Z1of the tire14and the normal vector of the horizontal D1; the inclined angle is the angle θ2between the axial direction Z2of the steering12and the normal vector of the horizontal Z1; and the toe angle is the angle θ3between the rolling direction Y1of the front tires14and the vehicle's traveling direction D2, etc. The inclined angles mentioned above make the steering part bear a force parallel to the ground and the force directed to the steering part when the vehicle is traveling. These forces cannot be countered by the suspension because the suspension can only buffer a force that is perpendicular to the ground. Therefore, the force directed to the steering part is likely to wear both the steering and the rim out. General civilian vehicles have multi-connecting rod steering, single connecting independent suspension and the motor fixed around the tire. The key points about the design for general civilian vehicles are how to maintain the stability of the vehicles at high speed and how to make the turning radius of the shell small while the vehicles are travelling. For example, there is a prior invention that discloses that both the front and rear tires of one adjustable vehicle chassis use multi-connecting rod suspensions; and that two steering wheels and a cooperative control system are provided. Although this design makes the turning easy and the turning angle small, multiple steering wheels and multiple drivers are required, and the size and space of the device are extremely large. Also, it is required to have several actuators to control the tire direction to achieve the minimum turning angle. This kind of design is suitable for recreational carting vehicles but not for general civilian vehicles. In addition, the chassis for vehicles can also be used in robots. Since robots are mostly used in the wild woods or on rugged terrain, the chassis for them has better suitability for such environments than the chassis for vehicles. Therefore, if we want to apply the chassis for vehicles to the chassis for robots, the technology still has a lot of room for improvement. Another prior technology has disclosed a vehicle with a slip-knot suspension and a method for using it. That disclosed chassis is suitable for military-use vehicles, which have better adaptability for any rugged and obstacle-filled environments, and their tires also have good mobility. However, the chassis disclosed in that invention cannot ‘lead’ the robots to climb ladders or turn in any traveling direction; and its connecting mobility devices do not specify that they are for robots or for vehicles, which means that the impact on the operation of the chassis from changes in the mobility devices is not considered. In summary, the prior technology lacks a stable chassis that can carry a robot, that has a small turning radius and that can climb ladders with good mobility. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION With regard to the disadvantages of the previous invention, the present invention provides both a chassis that improves on the disadvantages mentioned above and a robot that utilizes this improved chassis. The object of the invention is to provide a chassis which not only has a simple structure, but also a suspension to control the height of the chassis off the ground, so that the chassis can maintain stability in any rugged environment and can move to the desired place fast and accurately. Besides, the other object of the invention is to supply a widely-used chassis which can be suitable for every type of vehicle. The present invention provides a chassis which is connected to a mobility device, and includes the following: a suspension set up under the bottom of the mobility device; a steering connected pivotally to the suspension; a controller connected to the suspension and steering electrically; wheels which are pivotally connected to the steering and set up under the steering; and a steering shaft of the steering which coincides axially with the steering shaft of the wheel so that the controller can control the turning direction of the wheel and the height of the suspension through the suspension and the steering. Preferably, the suspension is selected from an independent suspension, a non-independent suspension or a mechanical leg-type of the independent suspension. Preferably, the suspension is to adjust the height of the chassis off the ground. Preferably, the steering has a damper that connects the center of the wheel. Preferably, the steering can change the following angles of the wheels: the camber angle, the inclination angle, the toe angle and the caster angle. Preferably, the controller is electrically and wirelessly connected to the suspension and the steering. Preferably, the wheel is a spherical wheel or a drum wheel. Preferably, this chassis has the following operating modes: an obstacle mode, a climbing mode, a stairs mode and a turning mode, Preferably, the chassis has 360-degree straight and rotating structures when the chassis is in the turning mode. Preferably, the device has a shell, a bottom portion and a chassis. The shell and the bottom portion are pivotally connected to each other by a pivot shaft, and the chassis is pivotally connected to the bottom portion. This invention provides a chassis not only with a simple structure, but also with a suspension to control the height of the chassis off the ground, so that the chassis can maintain stability in any rugged environment, and, with its attached wheels, the chassis can move to desired places fast and accurately. The chassis can be used in robots or vehicles for different purposes. This invention provides a chassis with an obstacle mode, a climbing mode, a stairs mode and a turning mode, so that the chassis can travel in any rugged environment. Therefore, it can be widely used in robots and vehicles.

11330388

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to an audio processing system and more particularly to an audio processing system that spatializes audio for output. 2. Description of the Related Technology WO 2016/090342 A2, published Jun. 9, 2016, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated herein and which was made by the inventor of subject matter described herein, shows an adaptive audio spatialization system having an audio sensor array rigidly mounted to a personal speaker. It is known to use microphone arrays and beamforming technology in order to locate and isolate an audio source. Personal audio is typically delivered to a user by a personal speaker(s) such as headphones or earphones. Headphones are a pair of small speakers that are designed to be held in place close to a user's ears. They may be electroacoustic transducers which convert an electrical signal to a corresponding sound in the user's ear. Headphones are designed to allow a single user to listen to an audio source privately, in contrast to a loudspeaker which emits sound into the open air, allowing anyone nearby to listen. Earbuds or earphones are in-ear versions of headphones. A sensitive transducer element of a microphone is called its element or capsule. Except in thermophone based microphones, sound is first converted to mechanical motion [by] a diaphragm, the motion of which is then converted to an electrical signal. A complete microphone also includes a housing, some means of bringing the signal from the element to other equipment, and often an electronic circuit to adapt the output of the capsule to the equipment being driven. A wireless microphone contains a radio transmitter. The MEMS (MicroElectrical-Mechanical System) microphone is also called a microphone chip or silicon microphone. A pressure-sensitive diaphragm is etched directly into a silicon wafer by MEMS processing techniques, and is usually accompanied with integrated preamplifier. Most MEMS microphones are variants of the condenser microphone design. Digital MEMS microphones have built in analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuits on the same CMOS chip making the chip a digital microphone and so more readily integrated with modern digital products. Major manufacturers producing MEMS silicon microphones are Wolfson Microelectronics (WM7xxx), Analog Devices, Akustica (AKU200x), Infineon (SMM310 product), Knowles Electronics, Memstech (MSMx), NXP Semiconductors, Sonion MEMS, Vesper, AAC Acoustic Technologies, and Omron. A microphone's directionality or polar pattern indicates how sensitive it is to sounds arriving at different angles about its central axis. The polar pattern represents the locus of points that produce the same signal level output in the microphone if a given sound pressure level (SPL) is generated from that point. How the physical body of the microphone is oriented relative to the diagrams depends on the microphone design. Large-membrane microphones are often known as “side fire” or “side address” on the basis of the sideward orientation of their directionality. Small diaphragm microphones are commonly known as “end fire” or “top/end address” on the basis of the orientation of their directionality. Some microphone designs combine several principles in creating the desired polar pattern. This ranges from shielding (meaning diffraction/dissipation/absorption) by the housing itself to electronically combining dual membranes. An omni-directional (or non-directional) microphone's response is generally considered to be a perfect sphere in three dimensions. In the real world, this is not the case. As with directional microphones, the polar pattern for an “omni-directional” microphone is a function of frequency. The body of the microphone is not infinitely small and, as a consequence, it tends to get in its own way with respect to sounds arriving from the rear, causing a slight flattening of the polar response. This flattening increases as the diameter of the microphone (assuming it's cylindrical) reaches the wavelength of the frequency in question. A unidirectional microphone is sensitive to sounds from only one direction A noise-canceling microphone is a highly directional design intended for noisy environments. One such use is in aircraft cockpits where they are normally installed as boom microphones on headsets. Another use is in live event support on loud concert stages for vocalists involved with live performances. Many noise-canceling microphones combine signals received from two diaphragms that are in opposite electrical polarity or are processed electronically. In dual diaphragm designs, the main diaphragm is mounted closest to the intended source and the second is positioned farther away from the source so that it can pick up environmental sounds to be subtracted from the main diaphragm's signal. After the two signals have been combined, sounds other than the intended source are greatly reduced, substantially increasing intelligibility. Other noise-canceling designs use one diaphragm that is affected by ports open to the sides and rear of the microphone. Sensitivity indicates how well the microphone converts acoustic pressure to output voltage. A high sensitivity microphone creates more voltage and so needs less amplification at the mixer or recording device. This is a practical concern but is not directly an indication of the microphone's quality, and in fact the term sensitivity is something of a misnomer, “transduction gain” being perhaps more meaningful, (or just “output level”) because true sensitivity is generally set by the noise floor, and too much “sensitivity” in terms of output level compromises the clipping level. A microphone array is any number of microphones operating in tandem. Microphone arrays may be used in systems for extracting voice input from ambient noise (notably telephones, speech recognition systems, and hearing aids), surround sound and related technologies, binaural recording, locating objects by sound: acoustic source localization, e.g., military use to locate the source(s) of artillery fire, aircraft location and tracking. Typically, an array is made up of omni-directional microphones, directional microphones, or a mix of omni-directional and directional microphones distributed about the perimeter of a space, linked to a computer that records and interprets the results into a coherent form. Arrays may also have one or more microphones in an interior area encompassed by the perimeter. Arrays may also be formed using numbers of very closely spaced microphones. Given a fixed physical relationship in space between the different individual microphone transducer array elements, simultaneous DSP (digital signal processor) processing of the signals from each of the individual microphone array elements can create one or more “virtual” microphones. Beamforming or spatial filtering is a signal processing technique used in sensor arrays for directional signal transmission or reception. This is achieved by combining elements in a phased array in such a way that signals at particular angles experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. A phased array is an array of antennas, microphones, or other sensors in which the relative phases of respective signals are set in such a way that the effective radiation pattern is reinforced in a desired direction and suppressed in undesired directions. The phase relationship may be adjusted for beam steering. Beamforming can be used at both the transmitting and receiving ends in order to achieve spatial selectivity. The improvement compared with omni-directional reception/transmission is known as the receive/transmit gain (or loss). Adaptive beamforming is used to detect and estimate a signal-of-interest at the output of a sensor array by means of optimal (e.g., least-squares) spatial filtering and interference rejection. To change the directionality of the array when transmitting, a beamformer controls the phase and relative amplitude of the signal at each transmitter, in order to create a pattern of constructive and destructive interference in the wavefront. When receiving, information from different sensors is combined in a way where the expected pattern of radiation is preferentially observed. With narrow-band systems the time delay is equivalent to a “phase shift”, so in the case of a sensor array, each sensor output is shifted a slightly different amount. This is called a phased array. A narrow band system, typical of radars or wide microphone arrays, is one where the bandwidth is only a small fraction of the center frequency. With wide band systems this approximation no longer holds, which is typical in sonars. In the receive beamformer the signal from each sensor may be amplified by a different “weight.” Different weighting patterns (e.g., Dolph-Chebyshev) can be used to achieve the desired sensitivity patterns. A main lobe is produced together with nulls and side lobes. As well as controlling the main lobe width (the beam) and the side lobe levels, the position of a null can be controlled. This is useful to ignore noise or jammers in one particular direction, while listening for events in other directions. A similar result can be obtained on transmission. Beamforming techniques can be broadly divided into two categories: a. conventional (fixed or switched beam) beamformers b. adaptive beamformers or phased arrayi. desired signal maximization modeii. interference signal minimization or cancellation mode Conventional beamformers use a fixed set of weightings and time-delays (or phasings) to combine the signals from the sensors in the array, primarily using only information about the location of the sensors in space and the wave directions of interest. In contrast, adaptive beamforming techniques generally combine this information with properties of the signals actually received by the array, typically to improve rejection of unwanted signals from other directions. This process may be carried out in either the time or the frequency domain. As the name indicates, an adaptive beamformer is able to automatically adapt its response to different situations. Some criterion has to be set up to allow the adaption to proceed such as minimizing the total noise output. Because of the variation of noise with frequency, in wide band systems it may be desirable to carry out the process in the frequency domain. Beamforming can be computationally intensive. Beamforming can be used to try to extract sound sources in a room, such as multiple speakers in the cocktail party problem. This requires the locations of the speakers to be known in advance, for example by using the time of arrival from the sources to mics in the array, and inferring the locations from the distances. A Primer on Digital Beamforming by Toby Haynes, Mar. 26, 1998 http://www.spectrumsignal.com/publications/beamform_primer.pdf describes beam forming technology. According to U.S. Pat. No. 5,581,620, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein, many communication systems, such as radar systems, sonar systems and microphone arrays, use beamforming to enhance the reception of signals. In contrast to conventional communication systems that do not discriminate between signals based on the position of the signal source, beamforming systems are characterized by the capability of enhancing the reception of signals generated from sources at specific locations relative to the system. Generally, beamforming systems include an array of spatially distributed sensor elements, such as antennas, sonar phones or microphones, and a data processing system for combining signals detected by the array. The data processor combines the signals to enhance the reception of signals from sources located at select locations relative to the sensor elements. Essentially, the data processor “aims” the sensor array in the direction of the signal source. For example, a linear microphone array uses two or more microphones to pick up the voice of a talker. Because one microphone is closer to the talker than the other microphone, there is a slight time delay between the two microphones. The data processor adds a time delay to the nearest microphone to coordinate these two microphones. By compensating for this time delay, the beamforming system enhances the reception of signals from the direction of the talker, and essentially aims the microphones at the talker. A beamforming apparatus may connect to an array of sensors, e.g. microphones that can detect signals generated from a signal source, such as the voice of a talker. The sensors can be spatially distributed in a linear, a two-dimensional array or a three-dimensional array, with a uniform or non-uniform spacing between sensors. A linear array is useful for an application where the sensor array is mounted on a wall or a podium talker is then free to move about a half-plane with an edge defined by the location of the array. Each sensor detects the voice audio signals of the talker and generates electrical response signals that represent these audio signals. An adaptive beamforming apparatus provides a signal processor that can dynamically determine the relative time delay between each of the audio signals detected by the sensors. Further, a signal processor may include a phase alignment element that uses the time delays to align the frequency components of the audio signals. The signal processor has a summation element that adds together the aligned audio signals to increase the quality of the desired audio source while simultaneously attenuating sources having different delays relative to the sensor array. Because the relative time delays for a signal relate to the position of the signal source relative to the sensor array, the beamforming apparatus provides, in one aspect, a system that “aims” the sensor array at the talker to enhance the reception of signals generated at the location of the talker and to diminish the energy of signals generated at locations different from that of the desired talker's location. The practical application of a linear array is limited to situations which are either in a half plane or where knowledge of the direction to the source in not critical. The addition of a third sensor that is not co-linear with the first two sensors is sufficient to define a planar direction, also known as azimuth. Three sensors do not provide sufficient information to determine elevation of a signal source. At least a fourth sensor, not co-planar with the first three sensors is required to obtain sufficient information to determine a location in a three dimensional space. Although these systems work well if the position of the signal source is precisely known, the effectiveness of these systems drops off dramatically and computational resources required increases dramatically with slight errors in the estimated a priori information. For instance, in some systems with source-location schemes, it has been shown that the data processor must know the location of the source within a few centimeters to enhance the reception of signals. Therefore, these systems require precise knowledge of the position of the source, and precise knowledge of the position of the sensors. As a consequence, these systems require both that the sensor elements in the array have a known and static spatial distribution and that the signal source remains stationary relative to the sensor array. Furthermore, these beamforming systems require a first step for determining the talker position and a second step for aiming the sensor array based on the expected position of the talker. A change in the position and orientation of the sensor can result in the aforementioned dramatic effects even if the talker is not moving due to the change in relative position and orientation due to movement of the arrays. Knowledge of any change in the location and orientation of the array can compensate for the increase in computational resources and decrease in effectiveness of the location determination and sound isolation. U.S. Pat. No. 7,415,117 shows audio source location identification and isolation. Known systems rely on stationary microphone arrays. A position sensor is any device that permits position measurement. It can either be an absolute position sensor or a relative one. Position sensors can be linear, angular, or multi-axis. Examples of position sensors include: capacitive transducer, capacitive displacement sensor, eddy-current sensor, ultrasonic sensor, grating sensor, Hall effect sensor, inductive non-contact position sensors, laser Doppler vibrometer (optical), linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), multi-axis displacement transducer, photodiode array, piezo-electric transducer (piezo-electric), potentiometer, proximity sensor (optical), rotary encoder (angular), seismic displacement pick-up, and string potentiometer (also known as string potentiometer, string encoder, cable position transducer). Inertial position sensors are common in modern electronic devices. A gyroscope is a device used for measurement of angular velocity. Gyroscopes are available that can measure rotational velocity in 1, 2, or 3 directions. 3-axis gyroscopes are often implemented with a 3-axis accelerometer to provide a full 6 degree-of-freedom (DoF) motion tracking system. A gyroscopic sensor is a type of inertial position sensor that senses rate of rotational acceleration and may indicate roll, pitch, and yaw. An accelerometer is another common inertial position sensor. An accelerometer may measure proper acceleration, which is the acceleration it experiences relative to freefall and is the acceleration felt by people and objects. Accelerometers are available that can measure acceleration in one, two, or three orthogonal axes. The acceleration measurement has a variety of uses. The sensor can be implemented in a system that detects velocity, position, shock, vibration, or the acceleration of gravity to determine orientation. An accelerometer having two orthogonal sensors is capable of sensing pitch and roll. This is useful in capturing head movements. A third orthogonal sensor may be added to obtain orientation in three dimensional space. This is appropriate for the detection of pen angles, etc. The sensing capabilities of an inertial position sensor can detect changes in six degrees of spatial measurement freedom by the addition of three orthogonal gyroscopes to a three axis accelerometer. Magnetometers are devices that measure the strength and/or direction of a magnetic field. Because magnetic fields are defined by containing both a strength and direction (vector fields), magnetometers that measure just the strength or direction are called scalar magnetometers, while those that measure both are called vector magnetometers. Today, both scalar and vector magnetometers are commonly found in consumer electronics, such as tablets and cellular devices. In most cases, magnetometers are used to obtain directional information in three dimensions by being paired with accelerometers and gyroscopes. This device is called an inertial measurement unit “IMU” or a 9-axis position sensor. A head-related transfer function (HRTF) is a response that characterizes how an ear receives a sound from a point in space; a pair of HRTFs for two ears can be used to synthesize a binaural sound that seems to come from a particular point in space. It is a transfer function, describing how a sound from a specific point will arrive at the ear (generally at the outer end of the auditory canal). Some consumer home entertainment products designed to reproduce surround sound from stereo (two-speaker) headphones use HRTFs. Some forms of HRTF-processing have also been included in computer software to simulate surround sound playback from loudspeakers. Humans have just two ears, but can locate sounds in three dimensions—in range (distance), in direction above and below, in front and to the rear, as well as to either side. This is possible because the brain, inner ear and the external ears (pinna) work together to make inferences about location. This ability to localize sound sources may have developed in humans and ancestors as an evolutionary necessity, since the eyes can only see a fraction of the world around a viewer, and vision is hampered in darkness, while the ability to localize a sound source works in all directions, to varying accuracy, regardless of the surrounding light. Humans estimate the location of a source by taking cues derived from one ear (monaural cues), and by comparing cues received at both ears (difference cues or binaural cues). Among the difference cues are time differences of arrival and intensity differences. The monaural cues come from the interaction between the sound source and the human anatomy, in which the original source sound is modified before it enters the ear canal for processing by the auditory system. These modifications encode the source location, and may be captured via an impulse response which relates the source location and the ear location. This impulse response is termed the head-related impulse response (HRIR). Convolution of an arbitrary source sound with the HRIR converts the sound to that which would have been heard by the listener if it had been played at the source location, with the listener's ear at the receiver location. HRIRs have been used to produce virtual surround sound. The HRTF is the Fourier transform of HRIR. The HRTF is also sometimes known as the anatomical transfer function (ATF). HRTFs for left and right ear (expressed above as HRIRs) describe the filtering of a sound source (x(t)) before it is perceived at the left and right ears as xL(t) and xR(t), respectively. The HRTF can also be described as the modifications to a sound from a direction in free air to the sound as it arrives at the eardrum. These modifications include the shape of the listener's outer ear, the shape of the listener's head and body, the acoustic characteristics of the space in which the sound is played, and so on. All these characteristics will influence how (or whether) a listener can accurately tell what direction a sound is coming from. The associated mechanism varies between individuals, as their head and ear shapes differ. HRTF describes how a given sound wave input (parameterized as frequency and source location) is filtered by the diffraction and reflection properties of the head, pinna, and torso, before the sound reaches the transduction machinery of the eardrum and inner ear (see auditory system). Biologically, the source-location-specific pre-filtering effects of these external structures aid in the neural determination of source location), particularly the determination of the source's elevation (see vertical sound localization). Linear systems analysis defines the transfer function as the complex ratio between the output signal spectrum and the input signal spectrum as a function of frequency. Blauert (1974; cited in Blauert, 1981) initially defined the transfer function as the free-field transfer function (FFTF). Other terms include free-field to eardrum transfer function and the pressure transformation from the free-field to the eardrum. Less specific descriptions include the pinna transfer function, the outer ear transfer function, the pinna response, or directional transfer function (DTF). The transfer function H(f) of any linear time-invariant system at frequency f is: H(f)=Output(f)/Input(f) One method used to obtain the HRTF from a given source location is therefore to measure the head-related impulse response (HRIR), h(t), at the ear drum for the impulse Δ(t) placed at the source. The HRTF H(f) is the Fourier transform of the HRIR h(t). Even when measured for a “dummy head” of idealized geometry, HRTF are complicated functions of frequency and the three spatial variables. For distances greater than 1 m from the head, however, the HRTF can be said to attenuate inversely with range. It is this far field HRTF, H(f, θ, φ), that has most often been measured. At closer range, the difference in level observed between the ears can grow quite large, even in the low-frequency region within which negligible level differences are observed in the far field. HRTFs are typically measured in an anechoic chamber to minimize the influence of early reflections and reverberation on the measured response. HRTFs are measured at small increments of θ such as 15° or 30° in the horizontal plane, with interpolation used to synthesize HRTFs for arbitrary positions of θ. Even with small increments, however, interpolation can lead to front-back confusion, and optimizing the interpolation procedure is an active area of research. In order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in a measured HRTF, it is important that the impulse being generated be of high volume. In practice, however, it can be difficult to generate impulses at high volumes and, if generated, they can be damaging to human ears, so it is more common for HRTFs to be directly calculated in the frequency domain using a frequency-swept sine wave or by using maximum length sequences. User fatigue is still a problem, however, highlighting the need for the ability to interpolate based on fewer measurements. The head-related transfer function is involved in resolving the Cone of Confusion, a series of points where ITD and ILD are identical for sound sources from many locations around the “0” part of the cone. When a sound is received by the ear it can either go straight down the ear into the ear canal or it can be reflected off the pinnae of the ear, into the ear canal a fraction of a second later. The sound will contain many frequencies, so therefore many copies of this signal will go down the ear all at different times depending on their frequency (according to reflection, diffraction, and their interaction with high and low frequencies and the size of the structures of the ear.) These copies overlap each other, and during this, certain signals are enhanced (where the phases of the signals match) while other copies are canceled out (where the phases of the signal do not match). Essentially, the brain is looking for frequency notches in the signal that correspond to particular known directions of sound. If another person's ears were substituted, the individual would not immediately be able to localize sound, as the patterns of enhancement and cancellation would be different from those patterns the person's auditory system is used to. However, after some weeks, the auditory system would adapt to the new head-related transfer function. The inter-subject variability in the spectra of HRTFs has been studied through cluster analyses. Assessing the variation through changes between the person's ears, we can limit our perspective with the degrees of freedom of the head and its relation with the spatial domain. Through this, we eliminate the tilt and other co-ordinate parameters that add complexity. For the purpose of calibration we are only concerned with the direction level to our ears, ergo a specific degree of freedom. Some of the ways in which we can deduce an expression to calibrate the HRTF are: 1. Localization of sound in Virtual Auditory space 2. HRTF Phase synthesis 3. HRTF Magnitude synthesis A basic assumption in the creation of a virtual auditory space is that if the acoustical waveforms present at a listener's eardrums are the same under headphones as in free field, then the listener's experience should also be the same. Typically, sounds generated from headphones appear to originate from within the head. In the virtual auditory space, the headphones should be able to “externalize” the sound. Using the HRTF, sounds can be spatially positioned using the technique described below. Let x1(t) represent an electrical signal driving a loudspeaker and y1(t) represent the signal received by a microphone inside the listener's eardrum. Similarly, let x2(t) represent the electrical signal driving a headphone and y2(t) represent the microphone response to the signal. The goal of the virtual auditory space is to choose x2(t) such that y2(t)=y1(t). Applying the Fourier transform to these signals, we come up with the following two equations: Y1=X1LFM, and Y2=X2HM, where L is the transfer function of the loudspeaker in the free field, F is the HRTF, M is the microphone transfer function, and H is the headphone-to-eardrum transfer function. Setting Y1=Y2, and solving for X2yields: X2=X1LF/H. By observation, the desired transfer function is: T=LF/H. Therefore, theoretically, if x1(t) is passed through this filter and the resulting x2(t) is played on the headphones, it should produce the same signal at the eardrum. Since the filter applies only to a single ear, another one must be derived for the other ear. This process is repeated for many places in the virtual environment to create an array of head-related transfer functions for each position to be recreated while ensuring that the sampling conditions are set by the Nyquist criteria. There is less reliable phase estimation in the very low part of the frequency band, and in the upper frequencies the phase response is affected by the features of the pinna. Earlier studies also show that the HRTF phase response is mostly linear and that listeners are insensitive to the details of the interaural phase spectrum as long as the interaural time delay (ITD) of the combined low-frequency part of the waveform is maintained. This is the modeled phase response of the subject HRTF as a time delay, dependent on the direction and elevation. A scaling factor is a function of the anthropometric features. For example, a training set of N subjects would consider each HRTF phase and describe a single ITD scaling factor as the average delay of the group. This computed scaling factor can estimate the time delay as function of the direction and elevation for any given individual. Converting the time delay to phase response for the left and the right ears is trivial. The HRTF phase can be described by the ITD scaling factor. This is in turn is quantified by the anthropometric data of a given individual taken as the source of reference. For a generic case we consider β as a sparse vector β=[β1,β2,…⁢,βN]Tβ=argminβ⁢⁡(∑a=1A⁢⁢(ya-∑n=1N⁢⁢βn⁢Xn2)+λ⁢∑n=1N⁢⁢βn) that represents the subject's anthropometric features as a linear superposition of the anthropometric features from the training data (y′=βTX), and then apply the same sparse vector directly on the scaling vector H. We can write this task as a minimization problem, for a non-negative shrinking parameter λ: From this, ITD scaling factor value H′ is estimated as: H′=∑n=1N⁢⁢βn⁢Hn. where the ITD scaling factors for all persons in the dataset are stacked in a vector H ∈ RN, so the value Hncorresponds to the scaling factor of the n-th person. We solve the above minimization problem using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). We assume that the HRTFs are represented by the same relation as the anthropometric features. Therefore, once we learn the sparse vector β from the anthropometric features, we directly apply it to the HRTF tensor data and the subject's HRTF values H′ given by: Hd,k′=∑n=1N⁢⁢βn⁢Hn,d,k where the HRTFs for each subject are described by a tensor of size D×K, where D is the number of HRTF directions and K is the number of frequency bins. All Hn,d,kcorresponds to all the HRTFs of the training set are stacked in a new tensor H ∈ RN×D×K, so the value Hn,d,kcorresponds to the k-th frequency bin for dth HRTF direction of the n-th person. Also H′d,kcorresponds to kth frequency for every d-th HRTF direction of the synthesized HRTF. Recordings processed via an HRTF, such as in a computer gaming environment, such as with A3D, EAX and OpenAL, which approximates the HRTF of the listener, can be heard through stereo headphones or speakers and interpreted as if they comprise sounds coming from all directions, rather than just two points on either side of the head. The perceived accuracy of the result depends on how closely the HRTF data set matches the physiological structure of the listener's head/ears. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An audio spatialization system is desirable for use in connection with a personal audio playback system such as headphones, earphones, and/or earbuds. The system is intended to operate so that a user can customize the audio information received through personal speakers. The system is capable of customizing the listening experience of a user and may include at least some portion of the ambient audio or artificially-generated position specific audio. The system may be provided so that the audio spatialization applied may maintain orientation with respect to a fixed frame of reference as the listener moves and tracks movement of an actual or apparent audio source even when the speakers and sensor are not maintained in the same relative position and orientation to the listener. For example, the system may operate to identify and isolate audio emanating from a source located in a particular position. The isolated audio may be provided through an audio spatialization engine to a user's personal speakers maintaining the same orientation. The system is designed so that the apparent location of audio from a set of personal speakers can be configured to remain constant when a user and/or the sensors turn or move. For example, if the user turns to the right, the personal speakers will turn with the user. The system may apply a modification to the spatialization so that the apparent location of the audio source will be moved relative to the user, i.e., to the user's left and the user will perceive the audio source remaining stationary even while the user is moving relative to the source. This may be accomplished by motion sensors detecting changes in position or orientation of the user and modifying the audio spatialization in order to compensate for the change in location or orientation of the user, and in particular the ear speakers being used. The system may also use audio source tracking to detect movement of the audio source and to compensate so that the user will perceive the audio source motion. In one use case, an augmented reality video game may be greatly enhanced by addition of directional audio. For example, in an augmented reality game, a game element may be assigned to a real world location. A player carrying a smart phone or personal communication device with a GPS or other position sensor may interact with game elements using application software on the personal communication device when in proximity to the game element. According to an embodiment of the disclosed system, a position sensor in fixed orientation with the users head may be used to control specialization of audio coordinated with the location assigned to the game element. In one use case, a user may be listening to music in an office, in a restaurant, at a sporting event or in any other environment in which there are multiple people speaking in various directions relative to the user. The user may be utilizing one or more detached microphone arrays or other sensors in order to identify and, when desired, stream certain sounds or voices to the user. The user may wish to quickly turn in the direction relative to the user from where the desired sound is emanating or from where the speaker is standing in order to show recognition to the speaker that he/she is heard and to focus visually in the direction of such sound source. The user may be wearing headphones, earphones, a hearable or assisted listening device incorporating or connected to a directional sensor, along with an ability to accurately reproduce sounds with a directional element (a straightforward function of such direction is to the left or right of a user, or a more complex function utilizing a 3D technology or spatial engine such as Realsound3D from Visisonics if the sound is from the front, back, or a different elevation relative to the user.) According to an embodiment of the disclosed system, a position sensor in the external microphone array or sensor will synchronize with the position sensor of the user, thus enabling the user to hear the sounds in the user's ears as though the external sensor was being worn, even as it is detached from the user. An audio source signal may be connected to the audio spatialization system. The motion sensor associated with the personal speaker system may be connected to a listener position/orientation unit having an output connected to the audio spatialization engine representing position and orientation of the personal speaker system. The audio spatialization engine may add spatial characteristics to the output of the audio source on the basis of the output of the listen position/orientation unit and/or directional cues obtained from a directional cue reporting unit. An audio customization system may be provided to enhance a user's audio environment. An embodiment of the system may be implemented with a sensor (microphone) array that is not in a fixed location/direction relative to personal speakers. It is an object to apply directional information to audio presented to a personal speaker such as headphones or earbuds and to modify the spatial characteristics of the audio in response to changes in position or orientation of the personal speaker system and/or audio sensors. The audio spatialization system may include a personal speaker system with an input of an electrical signal which is converted to audio. An audio spatialization engine output is connected to the personal speaker system to apply a spatial or directional component to the audio being output by the personal speaker system. The directional cue reporting unit may include a location processor in turn connected to a beamforming unit, a beam steering unit and directionally discriminating acoustic sensor associated with the personal speaker system. The directionally discriminating acoustic sensor may be a microphone array. The association between the directionally discriminating acoustic sensor and the personal speaker system is such that there is a fixed or a known relationship between the position or orientation of the personal speaker system and the directionally discriminating acoustic sensor. A motion sensor also is arranged in a fixed or known position and orientation with respect to the personal speaker system. The audio spatialization engine may apply head related transfer functions to the audio source. An audio spatialization system may include a personal speaker system with an input representative of an audio input and an audio spatialization engine having an output representative of the audio output of the personal speaker system. An audio source having an output may be connected to the audio spatialization engine. A motion sensor may be associated with the personal speaker system. A listener position orientation unit may have an input connected to the motion sensor and an output connected to the audio spatialization engine representing the position and orientation of the personal speaker system. The audio spatialization engine may add spatial characteristics to the output of the audio source on the basis of the output of the listener position/orientation unit. The audio spatialization system may include a directional cue reporting unit having an output representative of a direction connected to the audio spatialization engine. The audio spatialization engine may add spatial characteristics to the output of the audio source on the added basis of the output representative of a direction of the directional cue reporting unit. The directional cue reporting unit may include a location processor connected to a beamforming unit; a beam steering unit and a directionally discriminating acoustic sensor associated with the personal speaker system. The directionally discriminating acoustic sensor may be a microphone array. The motion sensor may be an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and/or a magnetometer. The audio spatialization engine may apply head related transfer functions to the output of the audio source. Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention, along with the accompanying drawings in which like numerals represent like components. Moreover, the above objects and advantages of the invention are illustrative, and not exhaustive, of those that can be achieved by the invention. Thus, these and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description herein, both as embodied herein and as modified in view of any variations which will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

11497390

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an endoscope system, a method of generating an endoscope image, and a processor, and particularly to an endoscope system capable of displaying a bleeding point inside a subject, a method of generating an endoscope image, and a processor. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a medical field, various types of minimally invasive inspections and surgeries using endoscopes have been performed. An operator can insert the endoscope into a body cavity, observe a subject, an image of which has been picked up by an image pickup apparatus provided in a distal end portion of an insertion section in the endoscope, and perform treatment for a lesion portion using a treatment instrument inserted into a treatment instrument channel, as needed. The surgery using the endoscope has an advantage of putting less physical burden on a patient because laparotomy or the like is not performed. An endoscope apparatus is configured to include an endoscope, an image processing device connected to the endoscope, and an observation monitor. An image of a lesion portion is picked up by an image pickup device provided in a distal end portion of an insertion section in the endoscope, and the image is displayed on the monitor. An operator can perform a diagnosis or necessary treatment while viewing the image displayed on the monitor. Some of endoscope apparatuses can perform not only normal light observation using white light but also special light observation using special light such as infrared light to observe an internal blood vessel. For example, to perform treatment without damaging a blood vessel in a deeper portion of mucosa, a medicinal agent such as an indocyanine green (ICG) having an absorption peak characteristic in near-infrared light having a wavelength in the vicinity of 805 nm is intravenously injected, to display the blood vessel using an infrared endoscope apparatus. However, complicated work such as the intravenous injection of the medicinal agent is required. Accordingly, Japanese Patent No. 5427318 proposes an endoscope apparatus that can clearly display a blood vessel in a deep portion of mucosa without performing complicated work such as administration of a medicinal agent. With the proposed endoscope apparatus, not only the blood vessel in the deep portion but also a bleeding point in a bleeding region at the time of bleeding can be identifiably displayed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An endoscope system according to an aspect of the present invention includes a color image pickup device configured to receive light from a subject and generate image pickup signals respectively corresponding to a plurality of different colors, a light source device configured to simultaneously illuminate the subject with light in a first wavelength band having a spectral characteristic of a narrow band having a peak in a range from a wavelength of 585 nm to a wavelength of 615 nm and light in a second wavelength band having a spectral characteristic for making, among a red signal, a green signal, and a blue signal generated based on the image pickup signals respectively corresponding to the plurality of different colors, a pixel value of the red signal smallest, and a processor configured to assign either one of the red signal generated by the color image pickup device receiving return light from the subject illuminated with the light in the first wavelength band and the green signal or the blue signal generated by the color image pickup device receiving return light from the subject illuminated with the light in the second wavelength band to each of output channels corresponding to the respective colors in a display device configured to display a color image. A method of generating an endoscope image according to an aspect of the present invention includes receiving light from a subject and generating image pickup signals respectively corresponding to a plurality of different colors, simultaneously illuminating the subject with light in a first wavelength band having a spectral characteristic of a narrow band having a peak in a range from a wavelength of 585 nm to a wavelength of 615 nm and light in a second wavelength band having a spectral characteristic for making, among a red signal, a green signal, and a blue signal generated based on the image pickup signals respectively corresponding to the plurality of different colors, a pixel value of the red signal smallest, and assigning either one of the red signal generated by the color image pickup device receiving return light from the subject illuminated with the light in the first wavelength band and the green signal or the blue signal generated by the color image pickup device receiving return light from the subject illuminated with the light in the second wavelength band to each of output channels corresponding to the respective colors in a display device configured to display a color image. An endoscope system according to an aspect of the present invention includes a color image pickup device including a red pixel configured to output a red image pickup signal based on light transmitted by a red color filter, a green pixel configured to output a green image pickup signal based on light transmitted by a green color filter, and a blue pixel configured to output a blue image pickup signal based on light transmitted by a blue color filter, a light source device configured to simultaneously illuminate a subject with light in a first wavelength band having a spectral characteristic of a narrow band having a peak in a range from a wavelength of 585 nm to a wavelength of 615 nm and light in a second wavelength band having a spectral characteristic of a narrow band having a peak in a range from a wavelength of 400 nm to a wavelength of 585 nm, and a processor configured to respectively assign either one of a red image signal based on the red image pickup signal generated by the color image pickup device receiving returned light from the subject illuminated with the light in the first wavelength band and a green image signal based on the green image pickup signal generated by the color image pickup device receiving return light from the subject illuminated with the light in the second wavelength band to a red channel configured to output a red component, a green channel configured to output a green component, and a blue channel configured to output a blue component at each of pixels in a display device configured to display a color image. A processor according to an aspect of the present invention is a processor to which an image signal including a red signal, a green signal, and a blue signal is inputted from an image pickup device, the processor being configured to control a light source to simultaneously illuminate a subject with light in a first wavelength band having a spectral characteristic of a narrow band having a peak in a range from a wavelength of 585 nm to a wavelength of 615 nm and light in a second wavelength band having a spectral characteristic for making a pixel value of the red signal in the image signal smallest, and assign either one of the red signal generated by the image pickup device receiving return light from the subject illuminated with the light in the first wavelength band and the green signal or the blue signal generated by the image pickup device receiving return light from the subject illuminated with the light in the second wavelength band to each of output channels corresponding to respective colors in a display device configured to display a color image.

11386305

RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to Taiwan Application Serial Number 109138319, filed Nov. 3, 2020, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. BACKGROUND Field of Invention The present disclosure relates to a device and a method for detecting a purpose of an article. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a device for detecting a purpose of an article that uses a contextualized word vector of each of divided sentences and a distributed representation similarity corresponding to the article to determine whether the article has a specific purpose or not. Description of Related Art With the development of communication media, users usually receive information of different types (e.g., politics, health, life, and traffic accidents, etc.) when using communication software or browsing social media. However, there may be much fake information among the received information. In addition, it is not easy for users to identify information with specific purposes in articles read on the Internet, and users can be easily misled. Therefore, there are some information checking service systems or departments, which check whether the content of the information is correct or whether the information has specific purposes, such as inducing users to forward messages or arousing certain emotions of users, etc. If the information with specific purposes needs to be checked or investigated, a large amount of domain knowledge fields or manpower with recognition capabilities are relied on before the judgments can be made. This method results in a slow checking speed. For the foregoing reasons, there is a need to provide a mechanism for detecting a purpose of an article that can automatically identify an article having information with a specific purpose, which is a technical problem that the industry and the academia are eager to resolve. SUMMARY An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a mechanism for detecting a purpose of an article, which generates a contextualized word vector of each of sentences in an article via a feature identification model, then inputs the contextualized word vector of each of the sentences in the article to a specific purpose detecting model to obtain a distributed representation similarity of the article, and determines a specific purpose of the article according to the distributed representation similarity of the article. Accordingly, the mechanism for detecting the purpose of the article according to the present disclosure can not only automatically identify whether the article has the specific purpose or not, but also further identify which specific purpose the article corresponding to. In addition to that, the manpower load of checking personnel can be reduced via the mechanism for detecting the purpose of the article according to the present disclosure. A device for detecting a purpose of an article is provided. The device for detecting the purpose of the article comprises a transceiver, a storage, and a processor. The storage is configured to store a feature identification model and a specific purpose detecting model. The processor is electrically connected to the storage and the transceiver, and is configured to perform the following operations: receiving a first article via the transceiver; dividing the first article into a plurality of first sentences; inputting the first sentences to the feature identification model to generate a first contextualized word vector corresponding to each of the first sentences; inputting the first contextualized word vector of the first sentences in the first article to the specific purpose detecting model to generate a distributed representation similarity of the first article; and determining that the first article conforms to a first specific purpose when the distributed representation similarity is greater than a first threshold. The present disclosure further provides a method for detecting a purpose of an article comprising the following steps: receiving a first article; dividing the first article into a plurality of first sentences; inputting the first sentences to a feature identification model to generate a first contextualized word vector corresponding to each of the first sentences; inputting the first contextualized word vector of the first sentences in the first article to a specific purpose detecting model to generate a distributed representation similarity of the first article; and determining that the first article conforms to a first specific purpose when the distributed representation similarity is greater than a first threshold. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are by examples, and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.

11321393

BACKGROUND The subject disclosure relates to database systems, and more specifically, to distributed graph databases that facilitate streaming data insertion and queries. SUMMARY The following presents a summary to provide a basic understanding of one or more embodiments of the invention. This summary is not intended to identify key or critical elements, or delineate any scope of the particular embodiments or any scope of the claims. Its sole purpose is to present concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later. In one or more embodiments described herein, devices, systems, computer-implemented methods, apparatus and/or computer program products that facilitate distributed graph databases for streaming data insertion and queries are described. According to an embodiment, a computer-implemented method to reduce number of messages required to add a new edge by employing asynchronous communication, comprises: using a processor, operatively coupled to at least one memory, to execute the following acts: receiving a request at a first machine to add a first target; adding the first target at the first machine, generating a unique VIDT, and forwarding the VIDT to a second machine wherein the second machine adds a vertex, and generates a corresponding VIDS, comprising the acts of: Prepare EID as {ShardID, MAXEID}, incrementing MAXEID; adding an outgoing edge {VIDS, VIDT, LID, EID}; forwarding {VIDS,VIDT,LID,EID} to the first machine; and adding at the first machine the incoming edge. In another embodiment, a computer-implemented method for efficient throughput edge addition, comprises: using a processor, operatively coupled to at least one memory, to execute the following acts: determine vertex placement, based on a hash or an arbitrary placement function; place outgoing edge requests into appropriate queues of a firehose; and place incoming edge requests into appropriate queues of the firehose, wherein for each queue, in parallel: send requests to add vertices for all sources in an outgoing edges set, and all targets in an incoming edges set, and wait for vertex ids of all added vertices and MAXEID from each machine, respectively. Build the final edge tuples for each queue in the form of {YIDS, VIDT, LID, EID} based on the yids returned and insert the outgoing and incoming edge tuples and their corresponding shards. In yet another embodiment, a method to provide low latency graph queries, comprises: using a processor, operatively coupled to at least one memory, to execute the following acts: employing a query manager to perform graph queries; and employing the query manager to manage multiple threads of execution to handle multiple concurrent queries from one or more clients; wherein for a complete traversal, a thread running on the query manager performs multiple requests to various shards during multiple waves corresponding to traversal levels, and wherein the thread will maintain all partial results until the traversal finishes (max depth, max nodes, max time allowed) and then return results to clients. In some embodiments, elements described in connection with the computer-implemented method(s) can be embodied in different forms such as a system, a computer program product, or another form.

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PRIORITY Priority for this application is claimed from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/922,899 filed on Sep. 5, 2019 entitled “Seamless Hoist”. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to photography and more particularly to mechanisms used to create photographic backdrops. Backdrops within the photographic industry are extremely important to create the proper compliment to the subject. Often the backdrop is a color that accents the subject's skin tone, eye color, hair, or clothing. Still other types of backdrops attempt to create an “outdoorsy” feel such as mountains, lakes, and a host of other scenes. Those of ordinary skill in the art readily recognize a variety of backdrops, including, but not limited to: U.S. Pat. No. 7,236,695, entitled “Photographic Backdrop with Stand” issued to Demos on Jun. 26, 2007; U.S. Pat. No. 9,952,484, entitled “Photographic Background Assembly” issued to Bailey on Apr. 24, 2018; U.S. Pat. No. 7,835,571, entitled “Background Replacing Apparatus, Background Replacing Program, and Background Replacing Method” issued to Kaku on Nov. 16, 2010; and, U.S. Pat. No. 7,894,713, entitled “Backlit Photography Background System and Method” issued to Clark on Feb. 22, 2011; all of which are incorporated hereinto by reference. Properly establishing the backdrops behind the subject is often difficult and time consuming, especially when the backdrops must be changed until the proper “feel” is obtained. This invention provides an easy and versatile mechanism for the presentation of the backdrops. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention provides a hoist mechanism for a backdrop as used in the photographic setting. The hoist uses two vertical channels, each having and upper and a lower pull around which a belt is attached. A bracket, secured to the belt, is used to secure a roller of the backdrop thereto. A connecting rod, secured to the lower pullies of the vertical channels, is used to keep the two belts operating in concert. A hand crank, secured to the connecting rod, permits the operator to move the two brackets up/down which moves the roller having the backdrop in like fashion. The hoist mechanism of this invention uses two vertical channels which contain an upper and a lower pulley connected by a belt mechanism. Secured to the belt is a bracket which is used to hold a roll of backdrop. The bottom pulleys (ideally sprockets with the belts being linkable members, such as chain or grooved belts, engaging with the sprockets) are connected to each other by a connecting rod with a hand crank. The operator rotates the hand crank to rotate the bottom pulleys in unison. A variety of hand cranks are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, including but not limited to those described in: U.S. Pat. No. 10,351,397, entitled “Chain Hoist” issued to Uebel on Jul. 16, 2019; and U.S. Pat. No. 9,655,800, entitled “Support Apparatus with Double Roller Assembly” issued to Ferderber on Mary 23, 2017; both of which are incorporated hereinto by reference. As the bottom pulleys rotate, their associated belts also move to raise/lower the bracket holding the backdrop roll. Ideally, the roller mechanism is removable from the bracket. In one embodiment of the invention, the roller's length is adjustable to meet the need of the backdrop. This is accomplished in the preferred embodiment where different segments of roller are joined together. Those of ordinary skill in the art readily recognize a variety of pulleys and belts which may be used in this context, including, but not limited to those described in: U.S. Pat. No. 9,284,172, entitled “Manual Chain Block” issued to Ishikawa on Mar. 15, 2016; U.S. Pat. No. 10,337,243, entitled “Geared Bracket for Window Shade” issued to Berman et al. on Jul. 2, 2019; and, U.S. Pat. No. 10,723,595, entitled “Method for Operating at Least Two Lifting Means in a Group Operation and Assembly Comprising at Least Two Lifting Means” issued to Behnke on Jul. 28, 2020; all of which are incorporated hereinto by reference. In one embodiment of the invention, the vertical channels are secured to a wall. In another embodiment, the vertical channels are secured to bases stands which are useful when the entire assembly is to be moved or transported to another location. The bracket of this invention is ideally designed to allow the user to remove the bracket from the associated belt, but also allowing the brackets to be placed in “gangs” with each other. In this manner, two, three, four brackets are secured to the same belt allowing two, three or four different backdrops to be mounted in parallel. This permits the user to select the appropriate backdrop for the situation. The brackets, ideally, utilize a slot which receives the roller but also uses a pin which accepts a hole in the ends of the roller. Multiple blocks can be attached to each other to form a three (or more) stacked roller system. The blocks don't interfere with a pulley system for the rolls. In the preferred embodiment, a 50 mm seamless cross bar with an integrated expander that is located in a centered position for better grip and to prevent the seamless roll from sagging in the middle. The cross bar is optionally doubled in length by adding a second identical cross bar. End sections connect the rods and are used to firm up the rollers. The expanders expand when the knob is screwed towards the seamless. The use of expanders allows the pull rod that engages the expander to expand; counter holding knob; placement for hand driven round belt pully. In the preferred embodiment, the tube of cross bar is 50 mm in diameter (about 2 inches) and the seamless cores is 54 mm. That leaves the cross bar enough room to slide freely in the core and makes it big enough to support the core evenly throughout the length. The connector/end rod can be detached from the pole section to enable a second extender section to be attached. An allen wrench is ideally used to undo screw and detach rod. Two sections can then be connected to form a single cross bar. The two sections couples together simply by pushing them into each other inside the seamless core. The expanders on both sections holds them in the joined position. The two section can be inserted into the seamless core from both sides. Additional extender sections are optionally added between two sections for the 140 inch seamless rolls. The invention, together with various embodiments thereof, will be more fully explained by the accompanying drawings and the following description thereof.