Moussab/ORKG-training-evaluation-set huggingface dataset:
Research field: Science
Title: Community intelligence and social media services: A rumor
theoretic analysis of tweets during social crisis
Abstract: Recent extreme events show that Twitter, a micro-blogging service, is emerging as the dominant social reporting tool to spread information on social crises. It is elevating the online public community to the status of first responders who can collectively cope with social crises. However, at the same time, many warnings have been raised about the reliability of community intelligence obtained through social reporting by the amateur online community. Using rumor theory, this paper studies citizen-driven information processing through Twitter services using data from three social crises: the Mumbai terrorist attacks in 2008, the Toyota recall in 2010, and the Seattle cafe shooting incident in 2012. We approach social crises as communal efforts for community intelligence gathering and collective information processing to cope with and adapt to uncertain external situations. We explore two issues: (1) collective social reporting as an information processing mechanism to address crisis problems and gather community intelligence, and (2) the degeneration of social reporting into collective rumor mills. Our analysis reveals that information with no clear source provided was the most important, personal involvement next in importance, and anxiety the least yet still important rumor causing factor on Twitter under social crisis situations.
Extracted statement — Focus Group: Public
Research field: Science
Title: A panel data heterogeneous Bayesian estimation of environmental Kuznets curves for CO2emissions
Abstract: This article investigates the Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKC) for CO2 emissions in a panel of 109 countries during the period 1959 to 2001. The length of the series makes the application of a heterogeneous estimator suitable from an econometric point of view. The results, based on the hierarchical Bayes estimator, show that different EKC dynamics are associated with the different sub-samples of countries considered. On average, more industrialized countries show evidence of EKC in quadratic specifications, which nevertheless are probably evolving into an N-shape based on their cubic specification. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the EU, and not the Umbrella Group led by US, has been driving currently observed EKC-like shapes. The latter is associated to monotonic income–CO2 dynamics. The EU shows a clear EKC shape. Evidence for less-developed countries consistently shows that CO2 emissions rise positively with income, though there are some signs of an EKC. Analyses of future performance, nevertheless, favour quadratic specifications, thus supporting EKC evidence for wealthier countries and non-EKC shapes for industrializing regions.
Extracted statement — Power of income: Quadratic
Research field: Science
Title: A panel estimation of the relationship between trade liberalization, economic growth and CO2 emissions in BRICS countries
Abstract: In the last few years, several studies have found an inverted-U relationship between per capita income and environmental degradation. This relationship, known as the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), suggests that environmental degradation increases in the early stages of growth, but it eventually decreases as income exceeds a threshold level. However, this paper investigation relationship between per capita CO2 emission, growth economics and trade liberalization based on econometric techniques of unit root test, co-integration and a panel data set during the period 1960-1996 for BRICS countries. Data properties were analyzed to determine their stationarity using the LLC , IPS , ADF and PP unit root tests which indicated that the series are I(1). We find a cointegration relationship between per capita CO2 emission, growth economics and trade liberalization by applying Kao panel cointegration test. The evidence indi cates that in the long-run trade liberalization has a positive significant impact on CO2 emissions and impact of trade liberalization on emissions growth depends on the level of income Our findings suggest that there is a quadratic relationship between relationship between real GDP and CO2 emissions for the region as a whole. The estimated long-run coefficients of real GDP and its square satisfy the EKC hypothesis in all of studied countries. Our estimation shows that the inflection point or optimal point real GDP per capita is about 5269.4 dollars. The results show that on average, sample countries are on the positive side of the inverted U curve. The turning points are very low in some cases and very high in other cases, hence providing poor evidence in support of the EKC hypothesis. Thus, our findings suggest that all BRICS countries need to sacrifice economic growth to decrease their emission levels
Extracted statement — Power of income: Quadratic
Research field: Science
Title: An Environment Kuznets Curve for GHG Emissions: A Panel Cointegration Analysis
Abstract: In this article, we attempt to use panel unit root and panel cointegration tests as well as the fully-modified ordinary least squares (OLS) approach to examine the relationships among carbon dioxide emissions, energy use and gross domestic product for 22 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries (Annex II Parties) over the 1971–2000 period. Furthermore, in order to investigate these results for other direct greenhouse gases (GHGs), we have estimated the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis by using the total GHG, methane, and nitrous oxide. The empirical results support that energy use still plays an important role in explaining the GHG emissions for OECD countries. In terms of the EKC hypothesis, the results showed that a quadratic relationship was found to exist in the long run. Thus, other countries could learn from developed countries in this regard and try to smooth the EKC curve at relatively less cost.
Extracted statement — Power of income: Quadratic
Research field: Science
Title: Emissions and trade in Southeast and East Asian countries: a panel co-integration analysis
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the implication of trade on carbon emissions in a panel of eight highly trading Southeast and East Asian countries, namely, China, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, Hong Kong, The Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis relies on the standard quadratic environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) extended to include energy consumption and international trade. A battery of panel unit root and co-integration tests is applied to establish the variables’ stochastic properties and their long-run relations. Then, the specified EKC is estimated using the panel dynamic ordinary least square (OLS) estimation technique. Findings – The panel co-integration statistics verifies the validity of the extended EKC for the countries under study. Estimation of the long-run EKC via the dynamic OLS estimation method reveals the environmentally degrading effects of trade in these countries, especially in ASEAN and plus South Korea and Hong Kong. Pra...
Extracted statement — Power of income: Quadratic
Research field: Science
Title: Relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation: is there evidence of an environmental Kuznets curve for Brazil?
Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between CO2 emissions, economic growth, energy use and electricity production by hydroelectric sources in Brazil. To verify the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis we use time-series data for the period 1971-2011. The autoregressive distributed lag methodology was used to test for cointegration in the long run. Additionally, the vector error correction model Granger causality test was applied to verify the predictive value of independent variables. Empirical results find that there is a quadratic long run relationship between CO2emissions and economic growth, confirming the existence of an EKC for Brazil. Furthermore, energy use shows increasing effects on emissions, while electricity production by hydropower sources has an inverse relationship with environmental degradation. The short run model does not provide evidence for the EKC theory. The differences between the results in the long and short run models can be considered for establishing environmental policies. This suggests that special attention to both variables-energy use and the electricity production by hydroelectric sources- could be an effective way to mitigate CO2 emissions in Brazil
Extracted statement — Power of income: Quadratic
Research field: Science
Title: The Effect of Algorithms on Copy Number Variant Detection
Abstract: Background The detection of copy number variants (CNVs) and the results of CNV-disease association studies rely on how CNVs are defined, and because array-based technologies can only infer CNVs, CNV-calling algorithms can produce vastly different findings. Several authors have noted the large-scale variability between CNV-detection methods, as well as the substantial false positive and false negative rates associated with those methods. In this study, we use variations of four common algorithms for CNV detection (PennCNV, QuantiSNP, HMMSeg, and cnvPartition) and two definitions of overlap (any overlap and an overlap of at least 40% of the smaller CNV) to illustrate the effects of varying algorithms and definitions of overlap on CNV discovery. Methodology and Principal Findings We used a 56 K Illumina genotyping array enriched for CNV regions to generate hybridization intensities and allele frequencies for 48 Caucasian schizophrenia cases and 48 age-, ethnicity-, and gender-matched control subjects. No algorithm found a difference in CNV burden between the two groups. However, the total number of CNVs called ranged from 102 to 3,765 across algorithms. The mean CNV size ranged from 46 kb to 787 kb, and the average number of CNVs per subject ranged from 1 to 39. The number of novel CNVs not previously reported in normal subjects ranged from 0 to 212. Conclusions and Significance Motivated by the availability of multiple publicly available genome-wide SNP arrays, investigators are conducting numerous analyses to identify putative additional CNVs in complex genetic disorders. However, the number of CNVs identified in array-based studies, and whether these CNVs are novel or valid, will depend on the algorithm(s) used. Thus, given the variety of methods used, there will be many false positives and false negatives. Both guidelines for the identification of CNVs inferred from high-density arrays and the establishment of a gold standard for validation of CNVs are needed.
Extracted statement — Algorithm: QuantiSNP
Research field: Science
Title: Enhanced ship detection from overhead imagery
Abstract: In the authors' previous work, a sequence of image-processing algorithms was developed that was suitable for detecting and classifying ships from panchromatic Quickbird electro-optical satellite imagery. Presented in this paper are several new algorithms, which improve the performance and enhance the capabilities of the ship detection software, as well as an overview on how land masking is performed. Specifically, this paper describes the new algorithms for enhanced detection including for the reduction of false detects such as glint and clouds. Improved cloud detection and filtering algorithms are described as well as several texture classification algorithms are used to characterize the background statistics of the ocean texture. These detection algorithms employ both cloud and glint removal techniques, which we describe. Results comparing ship detection with and without these false detect reduction algorithms are provided. These are components of a larger effort to develop a low-cost solution for detecting the presence of ships from readily-available overhead commercial imagery and comparing this information against various open-source ship-registry databases to categorize contacts for follow-on analysis.
Extracted statement — Satellite sensor: QuickBird
Research field: Science
Title: Ship detection and recognitionin high-resolution satellite images
Abstract: Nowadays, the availability of high-resolution images taken from satellites, like Quickbird, Orbview, and others, offers the remote sensing community the possibility of monitoring and surveying vast areas of the Earth for different purposes, e.g. monitoring forest regions for ecological reasons. A particular application is the use of satellite images to survey the bottom of the seas around the Iberian peninsula which is flooded with innumerable treasures that are being plundered by specialized ships. In this paper we present a GIS-based application aimed to catalog areas of the sea with archeological interest and to monitor the risk of plundering of ships that stay within such areas during a suspicious period of time.
Extracted statement — Satellite sensor: QuickBird
Research field: Science
Title: A new method on inshore ship detection in high-resolution satellite images using shape and context information
Abstract: In this letter, we present a new method to detect inshore ships using shape and context information. We first propose a new energy function based on an active contour model to segment water and land and minimize it with an iterative global optimization method. The proposed energy performs well on the different intensity distributions between water and land and produces a result that can be well used in shape and context analyses. In the segmented image, ships are detected with successive shape analysis, including shape analysis in the localization of ship head and region growing in computing the width and length of ship. Finally, to locate ships accurately and remove the false alarms, we unify them with a binary linear programming problem by utilizing the context information. Experiments on QuickBird images show the robustness and precision of our method.
Extracted statement — Satellite sensor: QuickBird
Research field: Science
Title: Detection and classification of man-made offshore objects in TerraSAR-X and RapidEye imagery: Selected results of the DeMarine-DEKO project
Abstract: The project DEKO (Detection of artificial objects in sea areas) is integrated in the German DeMarine-Security project and focuses on the detection and classification of ships and offshore artificial objects relying on TerraSAR-X as well as on RapidEye multispectral optical images. The objectives are 1/ the development of reliable detection algorithms and 2/ the definition of effective, customized service concepts. In addition to an earlier publication, we describe in the following paper some selected results of our work. The algorithms for TerraSAR-X have been extended to a processing chain including all needed steps for ship detection and ship signature analysis, with an emphasis on object segmentation. For Rapid Eye imagery, a ship detection algorithm has been developed. Finally, some applications are described: Ship monitoring in the Strait of Dover based on TerraSAR-X StripMap using AIS information for verification, analyzing TerraSAR-X HighResolution scenes of an industrial harbor and finally an example of surveying a wind farm using change detection.
Extracted statement — Satellite sensor: RapidEye
Research field: Science
Title: Determination of the success factors in supply chain networks: a Hong Kong‐based manufacturer's perspective
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to investigate the factors that affect the decision‐making process of Hong Kong‐based manufacturers when they select a third‐party logistics (3PL) service provider and how 3PL service providers manage to retain customer loyalty in times of financial turbulence.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a survey‐based study targeting Hong Kong‐based manufacturers currently using 3PL companies. It investigates the relationship between the reasons for using 3PL services and the requirements for selecting a provider, and examines the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. In addition, the relationships among various dimensions – in small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), large enterprises and companies – of contracts of various lengths are investigated.Findings – In general, the reasons for using 3PL services and the requirements for selecting 3PL service providers are positive‐related. The dimension of “reputation” of satisfaction influences “pri...
Extracted statement — Critical success factors: reputation
Research field: Science
Title: Emergency Response Information System
Interoperability: Development of Chemical Incident
Response Data Model
Abstract: Emergency response requires an efficient information supply chain for the smooth operations of intraand inter-organizational emergency management processes. However, the breakdown of this information supply chain due to the lack of consistent data standards presents a significant problem. In this paper, we adopt a theory driven novel approach to develop a XML-based data model that prescribes a comprehensive set of data standards (semantics and internal structures) for emergency management to better address the challenges of information interoperability. Actual documents currently being used in mitigating chemical emergencies from a large number of incidents are used in the analysis stage. The data model development is guided by Activity Theory and is validated through a RFC-like process used in standards development. This paper applies the standards to the real case of a chemical incident scenario. Further, it complies with the national leading initiatives in emergency standards (National Information Exchange Model).
Extracted statement — Emergency Management Phase: response
Research field: Science
Title: Designing Emergency Response Dispatch Systems for Better
Dispatcher Performance
Abstract: Emergency response systems are a relatively new and important area of research in the information systems community. While there is a growing body of literature in this research stream, human-computer interaction (HCI) issues concerning the design of emergency response system interfaces have received limited attention. Emergency responders often work in time pressured situations and depend on fast access to key information. One of the problems studied in HCI research is the design of interfaces to improve user information selection and processing performance. Based on cue-summation theory and research findings on parallel processing, associative processing, and hemispheric differences in information processing, this study proposes that information selection of target information in an emergency response dispatch application can be improved by using supplementary cues. Color-coding and sorting are proposed as relevant cues that can improve processing performance by providing prioritization heuristics. An experimental emergency response dispatch application is developed, and user performance is tested under conditions of varying complexity and time pressure. The results suggest that supplementary cues significantly improve performance, with better results often obtained when both cues are used. Additionally, the use of these cues becomes more beneficial as time pressure and task complexity increase.
Extracted statement — Emergency Management Phase: response
Research field: Science
Title: Crisis Response Information Networks
Abstract: In the past two decades, organizational scholars have focused significant attention on how organizations manage crises. While most of these studies concentrate on crisis prevention, there is a growing emphasis on crisis response. Because information that is critical to crisis response may become outdated as crisis conditions change, crisis response research recognizes that the management of information flows and networks is critical to crisis response. Yet despite its importance, little is known about the various types of crisis information networks and the role of IT in enabling these information networks. Employing concepts from information flow and social network theories, this paper contributes to crisis management research by developing four crisis response information network prototypes. These networks are based on two main dimensions: (1) information flow intensity and (2) network density. We describe how considerations of these two dimensions with supporting case evidence yield four prototypical crisis information response networks: Information Star, Information Pyramid, Information Forest, and Information Black-out. In addition, we examine the role of IT within each information network structure. We conclude with guidelines for managers to deploy appropriate information networks during crisis response and with suggestions for future research related to IT and crisis management.
Extracted statement — Emergency Management Phase: Response
Research field: Science
Title: Design Principles of Integrated Information
Platform for Emergency Responses: The Case of
2008 Beijing Olympic Games
Abstract: •his paper investigates the challenges faced in designing an integrated information platform for emergency response management and uses the Beijing Olympic Games as a case study. The research methods are grounded in action research, participatory design, and situation-awareness oriented design. The completion of a more than two-year industrial secondment and six-month field studies ensured that a full understanding of user requirements had been obtained. A service-centered architecture was proposed to satisfy these user requirements. The proposed architecture consists mainly of information gathering, database management, and decision support services. The decision support services include situational overview, instant risk assessment, emergency response preplan, and disaster development prediction. Abstracting from the experience obtained while building this system, we outline a set of design principles in the general domain of information systems (IS) development for emergency management. These design principles form a contribution to the information systems literature because they provide guidance to developers who are aiming to support emergency response and the development of such systems that have not yet been adequately met by any existing types of IS. We are proud that the information platform developed was deployed in the real world and used in the 2008 Beijing
Extracted statement — Emergency Management Phase: response
Research field: Science
Title: Social Media and Emergency Management: Exploring State and Local Tweets
Abstract: Social media for emergency management has emerged as a vital resource for government agencies across the globe. In this study, we explore social media strategies employed by governments to respond to major weather-related events. Using social media monitoring software, we analyze how social media is used in six cities following storms in the winter of 2012. We listen, monitor, and assess online discourse available on the full range of social media outlets (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, blogs). To glean further insight, we conduct a survey and extract themes from citizen comments and government's response. We conclude with recommendations on how practitioners can develop social media strategies that enable citizen participation in emergency management.
Extracted statement — Emergency Management Phase: response