Moussab/ORKG-training-evaluation-set huggingface dataset:
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Digital Twins In Farm Management: Illustrations From The Fiware Accelerators Smartagrifood And Fractals
Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) provides a vision of a world in which the Internet extends into the real world embracing everyday objects. In the IoT, physical objects are accompanied by Digital Twins: virtual, digital equivalents to physical objects. The interaction between real/physical and digital/virtual objects (digital twins) is an essential concept behind this vision. Digital twins can act as a central means to manage farms and has the potential to revolutionize agriculture. It removes fundamental constraints concerning place, time, and human observation. Farming operations would no longer require physical proximity, which allows for remote monitoring, control and coordination of farm operations. Moreover, Digital Twins can be enriched with information that cannot be observed (or not accurately) by the human senses, e.g. sensor and satellite data. A final interesting angle is that Digital Twins do not only represent actual states, but can also reproduce historical states and simulate future states. As a consequence, applications based on Digital Twins, if properly synchronized, enable farmers and other stakeholders to act immediately in case of (expected) deviations. This paper introduces the concept of Digital Twins and illustrate its application in agriculture by six cases of the SmartAgriFood and Fractals accelerator projects (2014-2016).
Extracted statement — has research problem: digital twin
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles
Abstract: Future generations of NASA and U.S. Air Force vehicles will require lighter mass while being subjected to higher loads and more extreme service conditions over longer time periods than the present generation. Current approaches for certification, fleet management and sustainment are largely based on statistical distributions of material properties, heuristic design philosophies, physical testing and assumed similitude between testing and operational conditions and will likely be unable to address these extreme requirements. To address the shortcomings of conventional approaches, a fundamental paradigm shift is needed. This paradigm shift, the Digital Twin, integrates ultra-high fidelity simulation with the vehicle s on-board integrated vehicle health management system, maintenance history and all available historical and fleet data to mirror the life of its flying twin and enable unprecedented levels of safety and reliability.
Extracted statement — has research problem: digital twin
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: A Digital Twin-Based Approach for Designing and Multi-Objective Optimization of Hollow Glass Production Line
Abstract: Various new national advanced manufacturing strategies, such as Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet, and Made in China 2025, are issued to achieve smart manufacturing, resulting in the increasing number of newly designed production lines in both developed and developing countries. Under the individualized designing demands, more realistic virtual models mirroring the real worlds of production lines are essential to bridge the gap between design and operation. This paper presents a digital twin-based approach for rapid individualized designing of the hollow glass production line. The digital twin merges physics-based system modeling and distributed real-time process data to generate an authoritative digital design of the system at pre-production phase. A digital twin-based analytical decoupling framework is also developed to provide engineering analysis capabilities and support the decision-making over the system designing and solution evaluation. Three key enabling techniques as well as a case study in hollow glass production line are addressed to validate the proposed approach.
Extracted statement — has research problem: digital twin
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Digital Twin of Manufacturing Systems
Abstract: The digitization of manufacturing systems is at the crux of the next industrial revolutions. The digital representation of the “Physical Twin,” also known as the “Digital Twin,” will help in maintaining the process quality effectively by allowing easy visualization and incorporation of cognitive capability in the system. In this technical report, we tackle two issues regarding the Digital Twin: (1) modeling the Digital Twin by extracting information from the side-channel emissions, and (2) making sure that the Digital Twin is up-to-date (or “alive”). We will first analyze various analog emissions to figure out if they behave as side-channels, informing about the various states of both cyber and physical domains. Then, we will present a dynamic data-driven application system enabled Digital Twin, which is able to check if it is the most up-to-date version of the Physical Twin. Index Terms Digital Twin, Cyber-Physical Systems, Digitization, Additive Manufacturing, Machine Learning, Sensor Fusion, Dynamic Data-Driven Application Systems
Extracted statement — has research problem: digital twin
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Digital Twin and Big Data Towards Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0: 360 Degree Comparison
Abstract: With the advances in new-generation information technologies, especially big data and digital twin, smart manufacturing is becoming the focus of global manufacturing transformation and upgrading. Intelligence comes from data. Integrated analysis for the manufacturing big data is beneficial to all aspects of manufacturing. Besides, the digital twin paves a way for the cyber-physical integration of manufacturing, which is an important bottleneck to achieve smart manufacturing. In this paper, the big data and digital twin in manufacturing are reviewed, including their concept as well as their applications in product design, production planning, manufacturing, and predictive maintenance. On this basis, the similarities and differences between big data and digital twin are compared from the general and data perspectives. Since the big data and digital twin can be complementary, how they can be integrated to promote smart manufacturing are discussed.
Extracted statement — has research problem: digital twin
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Towards an extended model-based definition for the digital twin
Abstract: ABSTRACTThe concept of the digital twin calls for virtual replicas of real world products. Achieving this requires a sophisticated network of models that have a level of interconnectivity. The authors attempted to improve model interconnectivity by enhancing the computer-aided design model with spatially related non-geometric data. A tool was created to store, visualize, and search for spatial data within the computer-aided design tool. This enables both model authors, and consumers to utilize information inside the CAD tool which traditionally would have existed in separate software.
Extracted statement — has research problem: digital twin
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Dynamic resource allocation optimization for digital twin-driven smart shopfloor
Abstract: Smart manufacturing is the core in the 4th industrial revolution. It is very important that how to realize the intelligent interaction between hardware and software in smart manufacturing. The paper proposes the architecture of Digital Twin-driven Smart ShopFloor (DTSF), as a contribution to the research of the research discussion about Digital Twin concept. Then the scheme for dynamic resource allocation optimization (DRAO) is designed for DTSF, as an application of the proposed architecture. Furthermore, a case study is given to illustrate the detailed method of DRAO. The experimental result shows that the proposed scheme is effective.
Extracted statement — has research problem: digital twin
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: A DIGITAL TWIN FOR ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS AND PRODUCT QUALITY MONITORING
Abstract: Mass customization and increasing product complexity require new methods to ensure a continuously high product quality. In the case of product failures it has to be determined what distinguishes flawed products. The data generated by cybertronic products over their lifecycle offers new possibilities to find such distinctions. To manage this data for individual product instances the concept of a Digital Twin has been proposed. This paper introduces the elements of a Digital Twin for root cause analysis and product quality monitoring and suggests a data structure that enables data analytics.
Extracted statement — has research problem: digital twin
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: A Conceptual Enterprise Architecture Framework for Smart Cities - A Survey Based Approach: 
Abstract: Enterprise architecture for smart cities is the focus of the research project “EADIC - (Developing an Enterprise Architecture for Digital Cities)” which is the context of the reported results in this work. We report in detail the results of a survey we contacted. Using these results we identify important quality and functional requirements for smart cities. Important quality properties include interoperability, usability, security, availability, recoverability and maintainability. We also observe business-related issues such as an apparent uncertainty on who is selling services, the lack of business plan in most cases and uncertainty in commercialization of services. At the software architecture domain we present a conceptual architectural framework based on architectural patterns which address the identified quality requirements. The conceptual framework can be used as a starting point for actual smart cities' projects.
Extracted statement — has research problem: Enterprise architecture
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: An Information Framework for Creating a Smart City Through Internet of Things
Abstract: Increasing population density in urban centers demands adequate provision of services and infrastructure to meet the needs of city inhabitants, encompassing residents, workers, and visitors. The utilization of information and communications technologies to achieve this objective presents an opportunity for the development of smart cities, where city management and citizens are given access to a wealth of real-time information about the urban environment upon which to base decisions, actions, and future planning. This paper presents a framework for the realization of smart cities through the Internet of Things (IoT). The framework encompasses the complete urban information system, from the sensory level and networking support structure through to data management and Cloud-based integration of respective systems and services, and forms a transformational part of the existing cyber-physical system. This IoT vision for a smart city is applied to a noise mapping case study to illustrate a new method for existing operations that can be adapted for the enhancement and delivery of important city services.
Extracted statement — has research problem: Internet of Things
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Framework for Smart City Applications Based on Participatory Sensing
Abstract: Smart cities offer services to their inhabitants which make everyday life easier beyond providing a feedback channel to the city administration. For instance, a live timetable service for public transportation or real-time traffic jam notification can increase the efficiency of travel planning substantially. Traditionally, the implementation of these smart city services require the deployment of some costly sensing and tracking infrastructure. As an alternative, the crowd of inhabitants can be involved in data collection via their mobile devices. This emerging paradigm is called mobile crowd-sensing or participatory sensing. In this paper, we present our generic framework built upon XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol) for mobile participatory sensing based smart city applications. After giving a short description of this framework we show three use-case smart city application scenarios, namely a live transit feed service, a soccer intelligence agency service and a smart campus application, which are currently under development on top of our framework.
Extracted statement — has research problem: Participatory Sensing
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Is Growth Obsolete?
Abstract: A long decade ago economic growth was the reigning fashion of political economy. It was simultaneously the hottest subject of economic theory and research, a slogan eagerly claimed by politicians of all stripes, and a serious objective of the policies of governments. The climate of opinion has changed dramatically. Disillusioned critics indict both economic science and economic policy for blind obeisance to aggregate material "progress," and for neglect of its costly side effects. Growth, it is charged, distorts national priorities, worsens the distribution of income, and irreparably damages the environment. Paul Erlich speaks for a multitude when he says, "We must acquire a life style which has as its goal maximum freedom and happiness for the individual, not a maximum Gross National Product." Growth was in an important sense a discovery of economics after the Second World War. Of course economic development has always been the grand theme of historically minded scholars of large mind and bold concept, notably Marx, Schumpeter, Kuznets. But the mainstream of economic analysis was not comfortable with phenomena of change and progress. The stationary state was the long-run equilibrium of classical and neoclassical theory, and comparison of alternative static equilibriums was the most powerful theoretical tool. Technological change and population increase were most readily accommodated as one-time exogenous shocks; comparative static analysis could be used to tell how they altered the equilibrium of the system. The obvious fact that these "shocks" were occurring continuously, never allowing the
Extracted statement — has research problem: political economy
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Will the real smart city please stand up?: Intelligent, progressive or entrepreneurial?
Abstract: Debates about the future of urban development in many Western countries have been increasingly influenced by discussions of smart cities. Yet despite numerous examples of this ‘urban labelling’ phenomenon, we know surprisingly little about so‐called smart cities, particularly in terms of what the label ideologically reveals as well as hides. Due to its lack of definitional precision, not to mention an underlying self‐congratulatory tendency, the main thrust of this article is to provide a preliminary critical polemic against some of the more rhetorical aspects of smart cities. The primary focus is on the labelling process adopted by some designated smart cities, with a view to problematizing a range of elements that supposedly characterize this new urban form, as well as question some of the underlying assumptions/contradictions hidden within the concept. To aid this critique, the article explores to what extent labelled smart cities can be understood as a high‐tech variation of the ‘entrepreneurial city’, as well as speculates on some general principles which would make them more progressive and inclusive.
Extracted statement — has research problem: Smart cities
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Smart Cities and Sustainability Models
Abstract: In our age cities are complex systems and we can say systems of systems. Today locality is the result of using information and communication technologies in all departments of our life, but in future all cities must to use smart systems for improve quality of life and on the other hand for sustainable development. The smart systems make daily activities more easily, efficiently and represent a real support for sustainable city development. This paper analysis the sus-tainable development and identified the key elements of future smart cities.
Extracted statement — has research problem: Smart cities
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Smart Cities in Europe
Abstract: Urban performance currently depends not only on a city's endowment of hard infrastructure (physical capital), but also, and increasingly so, on the availability and quality of knowledge communication and social infrastructure (human and social capital). The latter form of capital is decisive for urban competitiveness. Against this background, the concept of the “smart city” has recently been introduced as a strategic device to encompass modern urban production factors in a common framework and, in particular, to highlight the importance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the last 20 years for enhancing the competitive profile of a city. The present paper aims to shed light on the often elusive definition of the concept of the “smart city.” We provide a focused and operational definition of this construct and present consistent evidence on the geography of smart cities in the EU27. Our statistical and graphical analyses exploit in depth, for the first time to our knowledge, the most recent version of the Urban Audit data set in order to analyze the factors determining the performance of smart cities. We find that the presence of a creative class, the quality of and dedicated attention to the urban environment, the level of education, and the accessibility to and use of ICTs for public administration are all positively correlated with urban wealth. This result prompts the formulation of a new strategic agenda for European cities that will allow them to achieve sustainable urban development and a better urban landscape.
Extracted statement — has research problem: Smart cities
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework
Abstract: Making a city "smart" is emerging as a strategy to mitigate the problems generated by the urban population growth and rapid urbanization. Yet little academic research has sparingly discussed the phenomenon. To close the gap in the literature about smart cities and in response to the increasing use of the concept, this paper proposes a framework to understand the concept of smart cities. Based on the exploration of a wide and extensive array of literature from various disciplinary areas we identify eight critical factors of smart city initiatives: management and organization, technology, governance, policy context, people and communities, economy, built infrastructure, and natural environment. These factors form the basis of an integrative framework that can be used to examine how local governments are envisioning smart city initiatives. The framework suggests directions and agendas for smart city research and outlines practical implications for government professionals.
Extracted statement — has research problem: Smart cities
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Smart cities in perspective – a comparative European study by means of self-organizing maps
Abstract: Cities form the heart of a dynamic society. In an open space-economy cities have to mobilize all of their resources to remain attractive and competitive. Smart cities depend on creative and knowledge resources to maximize their innovation potential. This study offers a comparative analysis of nine European smart cities on the basis of an extensive database covering two time periods. After conducting a principal component analysis, a new approach, based on a self-organizing map analysis, is adopted to position the various cities under consideration according to their selected “smartness” performance indicators.
Extracted statement — has research problem: Smart cities
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Modelling the smart city performance
Abstract: This paper aims to offer a profound analysis of the interrelations between smart city components connecting the cornerstones of the triple helix. The triple helix model has emerged as a reference framework for the analysis of knowledge-based innovation systems, and relates the multiple and reciprocal relationships between the three main agencies in the process of knowledge creation and capitalization: university, industry and government. This analysis of the triple helix will be augmented using the Analytic Network Process to model, cluster and begin measuring the performance of smart cities. The model obtained allows interactions and feedbacks within and between clusters, providing a process to derive ratio scales priorities from elements. This offers a more truthful and realistic representation for supporting policy-making. The application of this model is still to be developed, but a full list of indicators, available at urban level, has been identified and selected from literature review.
Extracted statement — has research problem: Smart cities
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Smart Ideas for Smart Cities: Investigating Crowdsourcing for Generating and Selecting Ideas for ICT Innovation in a City Context
Abstract: Within this article, the strengths and weaknesses of crowdsourcing for idea generation and idea selection in the context of smart city innovation are investigated. First, smart cities are defined next to similar but different concepts such as digital cities, intelligent cities or ubiquitous cities. It is argued that the smart city-concept is in fact a more user-centered evolution of the other city-concepts which seem to be more technological deterministic in nature. The principles of crowdsourcing are explained and the different manifestations are demonstrated. By means of a case study, the generation of ideas for innovative uses of ICT for city innovation by citizens through an online platform is studied, as well as the selection process. For this selection, a crowdsourcing solution is compared to a selection made by external experts. The comparison of both indicates that using the crowd as gatekeeper and selector of innovative ideas yields a long list with high user benefits. However, the generation of ideas in itself appeared not to deliver extremely innovative ideas. Crowdsourcing thus appears to be a useful and effective tool in the context of smart city innovation, but should be thoughtfully used and combined with other user involvement approaches and within broader frameworks such as Living Labs.
Extracted statement — has research problem: Smart cities
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives
Abstract: Abstract As the term “smart city” gains wider and wider currency, there is still confusion about what a smart city is, especially since several similar terms are often used interchangeably. This paper aims to clarify the meaning of the word “smart” in the context of cities through an approach based on an in-depth literature review of relevant studies as well as official documents of international institutions. It also identifies the main dimensions and elements characterizing a smart city. The different metrics of urban smartness are reviewed to show the need for a shared definition of what constitutes a smart city, what are its features, and how it performs in comparison to traditional cities. Furthermore, performance measures and initiatives in a few smart cities are identified.
Extracted statement — has research problem: Smart cities