Moussab/ORKG-training-evaluation-set huggingface dataset:
Research field: Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering
Title: Scheduling with multi-attribute set-up times on unrelated parallel machines
Abstract: This paper studies a problem in the knitting process of the textile industry. In such a production system, each job has a number of attributes and each attribute has one or more levels. Because there is at least one different attribute level between two adjacent jobs, it is necessary to make a set-up adjustment whenever there is a switch to a different job. The problem can be formulated as a scheduling problem with multi-attribute set-up times on unrelated parallel machines. The objective of the problem is to assign jobs to different machines to minimise the makespan. A constructive heuristic is developed to obtain a qualified solution. To improve the solution further, a meta-heuristic that uses a genetic algorithm with a new crossover operator and three local searches are proposed. The computational experiments show that the proposed constructive heuristic outperforms two existed heuristics and the current scheduling method used by the case textile plant.
Extracted statement — Type of industry: Textile industry
Research field: Optics, Quantum Optics and Physics of Atoms, Molecules and Plasmas
Title: Dynamics of localized dissipative structures in a generalized Lugiato–Lefever model with negative quartic group-velocity dispersion
Abstract: We study localized dissipative structures in a generalized Lugiato-Lefever equation, exhibiting normal group-velocity dispersion and anomalous quartic group-velocity dispersion. In the conservative system, this parameter-regime has proven to enable generalized dispersion Kerr solitons. Here, we demonstrate via numerical simulations that our dissipative system also exhibits equivalent localized states, including special molecule-like two-color bound states recently reported. We investigate their generation, characterize the observed steady-state solution, and analyze their propagation dynamics under perturbations.
Extracted statement — Mathematical model: Generalized Lugiato-Lefever equation
Research field: Optics, Quantum Optics and Physics of Atoms, Molecules and Plasmas
Title: Dynamics of localized dissipative structures in a generalized Lugiato–Lefever model with negative quartic group-velocity dispersion
Abstract: We study localized dissipative structures in a generalized Lugiato-Lefever equation, exhibiting normal group-velocity dispersion and anomalous quartic group-velocity dispersion. In the conservative system, this parameter-regime has proven to enable generalized dispersion Kerr solitons. Here, we demonstrate via numerical simulations that our dissipative system also exhibits equivalent localized states, including special molecule-like two-color bound states recently reported. We investigate their generation, characterize the observed steady-state solution, and analyze their propagation dynamics under perturbations.
Extracted statement — keywords: Localized dissipative structures
Research field: Optics, Quantum Optics and Physics of Atoms, Molecules and Plasmas
Title: Dynamics of localized dissipative structures in a generalized Lugiato–Lefever model with negative quartic group-velocity dispersion
Abstract: We study localized dissipative structures in a generalized Lugiato-Lefever equation, exhibiting normal group-velocity dispersion and anomalous quartic group-velocity dispersion. In the conservative system, this parameter-regime has proven to enable generalized dispersion Kerr solitons. Here, we demonstrate via numerical simulations that our dissipative system also exhibits equivalent localized states, including special molecule-like two-color bound states recently reported. We investigate their generation, characterize the observed steady-state solution, and analyze their propagation dynamics under perturbations.
Extracted statement — keywords: Lugiato-Lefever equation
Research field: Optics, Quantum Optics and Physics of Atoms, Molecules and Plasmas
Title: Multi-frequency radiation of dissipative solitons in optical fiber cavities
Abstract: Abstract New resonant emission of dispersive waves by oscillating solitary structures in optical fiber cavities is considered analytically and numerically. The pulse propagation is described in the framework of the Lugiato-Lefever equation when a Hopf-bifurcation can result in the formation of oscillating dissipative solitons. The resonance condition for the radiation of the dissipative oscillating solitons is derived and it is demonstrated that the predicted resonances match the spectral lines observed in numerical simulations perfectly. The complex recoil of the radiation on the soliton dynamics is discussed. The reported effect can have importance for the generation of frequency combs in nonlinear microring resonators.
Extracted statement — keywords: Microring resonators
Research field: Optics, Quantum Optics and Physics of Atoms, Molecules and Plasmas
Title: Multi-frequency radiation of dissipative solitons in optical fiber cavities
Abstract: Abstract New resonant emission of dispersive waves by oscillating solitary structures in optical fiber cavities is considered analytically and numerically. The pulse propagation is described in the framework of the Lugiato-Lefever equation when a Hopf-bifurcation can result in the formation of oscillating dissipative solitons. The resonance condition for the radiation of the dissipative oscillating solitons is derived and it is demonstrated that the predicted resonances match the spectral lines observed in numerical simulations perfectly. The complex recoil of the radiation on the soliton dynamics is discussed. The reported effect can have importance for the generation of frequency combs in nonlinear microring resonators.
Extracted statement — keywords: Oscillating dissipative solitons
Research field: Organic Chemistry
Title: Visible-light photoredox-catalyzed C–O bond cleavage of diaryl ethers by acridinium photocatalysts at room temperature
Abstract: Abstract Cleavage of C–O bonds in lignin can afford the renewable aryl sources for fine chemicals. However, the high bond energies of these C–O bonds, especially the 4-O-5-type diaryl ether C–O bonds (~314 kJ/mol) make the cleavage very challenging. Here, we report visible-light photoredox-catalyzed C–O bond cleavage of diaryl ethers by an acidolysis with an aryl carboxylic acid and a following one-pot hydrolysis. Two molecules of phenols are obtained from one molecule of diaryl ether at room temperature. The aryl carboxylic acid used for the acidolysis can be recovered. The key to success of the acidolysis is merging visible-light photoredox catalysis using an acridinium photocatalyst and Lewis acid catalysis using Cu(TMHD) 2 . Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the catalytic cycle occurs via a rare selective electrophilic attack of the generated aryl carboxylic radical on the electron-rich aryl ring of the diphenyl ether. This transformation is applied to a gram-scale reaction and the model of 4-O-5 lignin linkages.
Extracted statement — Photoredox catalyst: Acridinium photocatalyst
Research field: Organic Chemistry
Title: Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignin in Ionic Liquids
Abstract: Beech lignin was oxidatively cleaved in ionic liquids to give phenols, unsaturated propylaromatics, and aromatic aldehydes. A multiparallel batch reactor system was used to screen different ionic liquids and metal catalysts. Mn(NO(3))(2) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate [EMIM][CF(3)SO(3)] proved to be the most effective reaction system. A larger scale batch reaction with this system in a 300 mL autoclave (11 g lignin starting material) resulted in a maximum conversion of 66.3 % (24 h at 100 degrees C, 84x10(5) Pa air). By adjusting the reaction conditions and catalyst loading, the selectivity of the process could be shifted from syringaldehyde as the predominant product to 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ). Surprisingly, the latter could be isolated as a pure substance in 11.5 wt % overall yield by a simple extraction/crystallization process.
Extracted statement — Product: Aromatic aldehydes
Research field: Organic Chemistry
Title: Visible-light photoredox-catalyzed C–O bond cleavage of diaryl ethers by acridinium photocatalysts at room temperature
Abstract: Abstract Cleavage of C–O bonds in lignin can afford the renewable aryl sources for fine chemicals. However, the high bond energies of these C–O bonds, especially the 4-O-5-type diaryl ether C–O bonds (~314 kJ/mol) make the cleavage very challenging. Here, we report visible-light photoredox-catalyzed C–O bond cleavage of diaryl ethers by an acidolysis with an aryl carboxylic acid and a following one-pot hydrolysis. Two molecules of phenols are obtained from one molecule of diaryl ether at room temperature. The aryl carboxylic acid used for the acidolysis can be recovered. The key to success of the acidolysis is merging visible-light photoredox catalysis using an acridinium photocatalyst and Lewis acid catalysis using Cu(TMHD) 2 . Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the catalytic cycle occurs via a rare selective electrophilic attack of the generated aryl carboxylic radical on the electron-rich aryl ring of the diphenyl ether. This transformation is applied to a gram-scale reaction and the model of 4-O-5 lignin linkages.
Extracted statement — substrate: Aryl carboxylic acid
Research field: Organic Chemistry
Title: Selective, Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis of Aryl Ethers
Abstract: A catalyst that cleaves aryl-oxygen bonds but not carbon-carbon bonds may help improve lignin processing. Selective hydrogenolysis of the aromatic carbon-oxygen (C-O) bonds in aryl ethers is an unsolved synthetic problem important for the generation of fuels and chemical feedstocks from biomass and for the liquefaction of coal. Currently, the hydrogenolysis of aromatic C-O bonds requires heterogeneous catalysts that operate at high temperature and pressure and lead to a mixture of products from competing hydrogenolysis of aliphatic C-O bonds and hydrogenation of the arene. Here, we report hydrogenolyses of aromatic C-O bonds in alkyl aryl and diaryl ethers that form exclusively arenes and alcohols. This process is catalyzed by a soluble nickel carbene complex under just 1 bar of hydrogen at temperatures of 80 to 120°C; the relative reactivity of ether substrates scale as Ar-OAr>>Ar-OMe>ArCH2-OMe (Ar, Aryl; Me, Methyl). Hydrogenolysis of lignin model compounds highlights the potential of this approach for the conversion of refractory aryl ether biopolymers to hydrocarbons.
Extracted statement — substrate: Aryl ether
Research field: Organic Chemistry
Title: Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aryl Pivalates with Boronic Acids
Abstract: The first cross-coupling of acylated phenol derivatives has been achieved. In the presence of an air-stable Ni(II) complex, readily accessible aryl pivalates participate in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling with arylboronic acids. The process is tolerant of considerable variation in each of the cross-coupling components. In addition, a one-pot acylation/cross-coupling sequence has been developed. The potential to utilize an aryl pivalate as a directing group has also been demonstrated, along with the ability to sequentially cross-couple an aryl bromide followed by an aryl pivalate, using palladium and nickel catalysis, respectively.
Extracted statement — substrate: Aryl pivalate
Research field: Organic Chemistry
Title: Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignin in Ionic Liquids
Abstract: Beech lignin was oxidatively cleaved in ionic liquids to give phenols, unsaturated propylaromatics, and aromatic aldehydes. A multiparallel batch reactor system was used to screen different ionic liquids and metal catalysts. Mn(NO(3))(2) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate [EMIM][CF(3)SO(3)] proved to be the most effective reaction system. A larger scale batch reaction with this system in a 300 mL autoclave (11 g lignin starting material) resulted in a maximum conversion of 66.3 % (24 h at 100 degrees C, 84x10(5) Pa air). By adjusting the reaction conditions and catalyst loading, the selectivity of the process could be shifted from syringaldehyde as the predominant product to 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ). Surprisingly, the latter could be isolated as a pure substance in 11.5 wt % overall yield by a simple extraction/crystallization process.
Extracted statement — substrate: Beech lignin
Research field: Organic Chemistry
Title: Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aryl Pivalates with Boronic Acids
Abstract: The first cross-coupling of acylated phenol derivatives has been achieved. In the presence of an air-stable Ni(II) complex, readily accessible aryl pivalates participate in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling with arylboronic acids. The process is tolerant of considerable variation in each of the cross-coupling components. In addition, a one-pot acylation/cross-coupling sequence has been developed. The potential to utilize an aryl pivalate as a directing group has also been demonstrated, along with the ability to sequentially cross-couple an aryl bromide followed by an aryl pivalate, using palladium and nickel catalysis, respectively.
Extracted statement — substrate: Boronic acid
Research field: Organic Chemistry
Title: Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aryl Methyl Ethers with Aryl Boronic Esters
Abstract: The Ni(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling of alkenyl methyl ethers with boronic esters is described. Several types of alkenyl methyl ethers can be coupled with a wide range of boronic esters to give the stilbene derivatives.
Extracted statement — substrate: Boronic ester
Research field: Organic Chemistry
Title: Visible-light photoredox-catalyzed C–O bond cleavage of diaryl ethers by acridinium photocatalysts at room temperature
Abstract: Abstract Cleavage of C–O bonds in lignin can afford the renewable aryl sources for fine chemicals. However, the high bond energies of these C–O bonds, especially the 4-O-5-type diaryl ether C–O bonds (~314 kJ/mol) make the cleavage very challenging. Here, we report visible-light photoredox-catalyzed C–O bond cleavage of diaryl ethers by an acidolysis with an aryl carboxylic acid and a following one-pot hydrolysis. Two molecules of phenols are obtained from one molecule of diaryl ether at room temperature. The aryl carboxylic acid used for the acidolysis can be recovered. The key to success of the acidolysis is merging visible-light photoredox catalysis using an acridinium photocatalyst and Lewis acid catalysis using Cu(TMHD) 2 . Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the catalytic cycle occurs via a rare selective electrophilic attack of the generated aryl carboxylic radical on the electron-rich aryl ring of the diphenyl ether. This transformation is applied to a gram-scale reaction and the model of 4-O-5 lignin linkages.
Extracted statement — substrate: Diaryl ethers
Research field: Organic Chemistry
Title: Visible-light photoredox-catalyzed C–O bond cleavage of diaryl ethers by acridinium photocatalysts at room temperature
Abstract: Abstract Cleavage of C–O bonds in lignin can afford the renewable aryl sources for fine chemicals. However, the high bond energies of these C–O bonds, especially the 4-O-5-type diaryl ether C–O bonds (~314 kJ/mol) make the cleavage very challenging. Here, we report visible-light photoredox-catalyzed C–O bond cleavage of diaryl ethers by an acidolysis with an aryl carboxylic acid and a following one-pot hydrolysis. Two molecules of phenols are obtained from one molecule of diaryl ether at room temperature. The aryl carboxylic acid used for the acidolysis can be recovered. The key to success of the acidolysis is merging visible-light photoredox catalysis using an acridinium photocatalyst and Lewis acid catalysis using Cu(TMHD) 2 . Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the catalytic cycle occurs via a rare selective electrophilic attack of the generated aryl carboxylic radical on the electron-rich aryl ring of the diphenyl ether. This transformation is applied to a gram-scale reaction and the model of 4-O-5 lignin linkages.
Extracted statement — catalyst: Lewis acid
Research field: Organic Chemistry
Title: Microwave-Assisted Cobinamide Synthesis
Abstract: We present a new method for the preparation of cobinamide (CN)2Cbi, a vitamin B12 precursor, that should allow its broader utility. Treatment of vitamin B12 with only NaCN and heating in a microwave reactor affords (CN)2Cbi as the sole product. The purification procedure was greatly simplified, allowing for easy isolation of the product in 94% yield. The use of microwave heating proved beneficial also for (CN)2Cbi(c-lactone) synthesis. Treatment of (CN)2Cbi with triethanolamine led to (CN)2Cbi(c-lactam).
Extracted statement — Special conditions: Microwave reactor
Research field: Organic Chemistry
Title: Light-Driven Depolymerization of Native Lignin Enabled by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer
Abstract: Here, we report a catalytic, light-driven method for the redox-neutral depolymerization of native lignin biomass at ambient temperature. This transformation proceeds via a proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) activation of an alcohol O–H bond to generate a key alkoxy radical intermediate, which then facilitates the β-scission of a vicinal C–C bond. Notably, this single-step depolymerization is driven solely by visible-light irradiation, requires no stoichiometric chemical reagents, and produces no stoichiometric waste. This method exhibits good efficiency and excellent selectivity for the activation and fragmentation of the β-O-4 linkage in the polymer backbone, even in the presence of numerous other PCET-active functional groups. The feasibility of this protocol in enabling the cleavage of the β-1 linkage in model lignin dimers was also demonstrated. These results provide further evidence that visible-light photocatalysis can serve as a viable method for the direct conversion of lignin biomass into va...
Extracted statement — substrate: Native lignin
Research field: Organic Chemistry
Title: Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignin in Ionic Liquids
Abstract: Beech lignin was oxidatively cleaved in ionic liquids to give phenols, unsaturated propylaromatics, and aromatic aldehydes. A multiparallel batch reactor system was used to screen different ionic liquids and metal catalysts. Mn(NO(3))(2) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate [EMIM][CF(3)SO(3)] proved to be the most effective reaction system. A larger scale batch reaction with this system in a 300 mL autoclave (11 g lignin starting material) resulted in a maximum conversion of 66.3 % (24 h at 100 degrees C, 84x10(5) Pa air). By adjusting the reaction conditions and catalyst loading, the selectivity of the process could be shifted from syringaldehyde as the predominant product to 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ). Surprisingly, the latter could be isolated as a pure substance in 11.5 wt % overall yield by a simple extraction/crystallization process.
Extracted statement — Product: Unsaturated propylaromatics
Research field: Pharmacology
Title: EFFECT OF PIOGLITAZONE AND GEMFIBROZIL ADMINISTRATION ON C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS IN NON-DIABETIC HYPERLIPIDEMIC RATS
Abstract: ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To assess and compare anti-inflammatory effect of pioglitazone and gemfibrozil by measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in high fat fed non-diabetic rats.METHODS: A comparative animal study was conducted at the Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan in which 27, adult healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups. Hyperlipidemia was induced in all three groups by giving hyperlipidemic diet containing cholesterol 1.5%, coconut oil 8.0% and sodium cholate 1.0%. After four weeks, Group A (control) was given distilled water, Group B was given pioglitazone 10mg/kg body weight and Group C was given gemfibrozil 10mg/kg body weight as single morning dose by oral route for four weeks. CRP was estimated at zero, 4th and 8th week.RESULTS: There was significant increase in the level of CRP after giving high lipid diet from mean±SD of 2.59±0.28mg/L, 2.63±0.32mg/L and 2.67±0.23mg/L at 0 week to 3.55±0.44mg/L, 3.59±0.34mg/L and 3.6±0.32mg/L at 4th week in groups A, B and C respectively.Multiple comparisons by ANOVA revealed significant difference between groups at 8th week only. Post hoc analysis disclosed that CRP level was significantly low in pioglitazone treated group having mean±SD of 2.93±0.33mg/L compared to control group’s 4.42±0.30mg/L and gemfibrozil group’s 4.28±0.39mg/L. The p-value in each case was <0.001, while difference between control and gemfibrozil was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone is effective in reducing hyperlipidemia associated inflammation, evidenced by decreased CRP level while gemfibrozil is not effective.KEY WORDS: Pioglitazone (MeSH); Gemfibrozil (MeSH); Hyperlipidemia (MeSH); Anti-inflammatory (MeSH); C-reactive protein (MeSH).
Extracted statement — Data: C-reactive protein (CRP) levels
Research field: Pharmacology
Title: EFFECT OF PIOGLITAZONE AND GEMFIBROZIL ADMINISTRATION ON C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS IN NON-DIABETIC HYPERLIPIDEMIC RATS
Abstract: ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To assess and compare anti-inflammatory effect of pioglitazone and gemfibrozil by measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in high fat fed non-diabetic rats.METHODS: A comparative animal study was conducted at the Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan in which 27, adult healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups. Hyperlipidemia was induced in all three groups by giving hyperlipidemic diet containing cholesterol 1.5%, coconut oil 8.0% and sodium cholate 1.0%. After four weeks, Group A (control) was given distilled water, Group B was given pioglitazone 10mg/kg body weight and Group C was given gemfibrozil 10mg/kg body weight as single morning dose by oral route for four weeks. CRP was estimated at zero, 4th and 8th week.RESULTS: There was significant increase in the level of CRP after giving high lipid diet from mean±SD of 2.59±0.28mg/L, 2.63±0.32mg/L and 2.67±0.23mg/L at 0 week to 3.55±0.44mg/L, 3.59±0.34mg/L and 3.6±0.32mg/L at 4th week in groups A, B and C respectively.Multiple comparisons by ANOVA revealed significant difference between groups at 8th week only. Post hoc analysis disclosed that CRP level was significantly low in pioglitazone treated group having mean±SD of 2.93±0.33mg/L compared to control group’s 4.42±0.30mg/L and gemfibrozil group’s 4.28±0.39mg/L. The p-value in each case was <0.001, while difference between control and gemfibrozil was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone is effective in reducing hyperlipidemia associated inflammation, evidenced by decreased CRP level while gemfibrozil is not effective.KEY WORDS: Pioglitazone (MeSH); Gemfibrozil (MeSH); Hyperlipidemia (MeSH); Anti-inflammatory (MeSH); C-reactive protein (MeSH).
Extracted statement — Material: Group A (control)