Moussab/ORKG-training-evaluation-set huggingface dataset:
Research field: Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Title: Alien plants can be associated with a decrease in local and regional native richness even when at low abundance
Abstract: The impacts of alien plants on native richness are usually assessed at small spatial scales and in locations where the alien is at high abundance. But this raises two questions: to what extent do impacts occur where alien species are at low abundance, and do local impacts translate to effects at the landscape scale? In an analysis of 47 widespread alien plant species occurring across a 1,000 km2 landscape, we examined the relationship between their local abundance and native plant species richness in 594 grassland plots. We first defined the critical abundance at which these focal alien species were associated with a decline in native α‐richness (plot‐scale species numbers), and then assessed how this local decline was translated into declines in native species γ‐richness (landscape‐scale species numbers). After controlling for sampling biases and environmental gradients that might lead to spurious relationships, we found that eight out of 47 focal alien species were associated with a significant decline in native α‐richness as their local abundance increased. Most of these significant declines started at low to intermediate classes of abundance. For these eight species, declines in native γ‐richness were, on average, an order of magnitude (32.0 vs. 2.2 species) greater than those found for native α‐richness, mostly due to spatial homogenization of native communities. The magnitude of the decrease at the landscape scale was best explained by the number of plots where an alien species was found above its critical abundance. Synthesis. Even at low abundance, alien plants may impact native plant richness at both local and landscape scales. Local impacts may result in much greater declines in native richness at larger spatial scales. Quantifying impact at the landscape scale requires consideration of not only the prevalence of an alien plant, but also its critical abundance and its effect on native community homogenization. This suggests that management approaches targeting only those locations dominated by alien plants might not mitigate impacts effectively. Our integrated approach will improve the ranking of alien species risks at a spatial scale appropriate for prioritizing management and designing conservation policies.
Extracted statement — Has metric: critical abundance
Research field: Theory, Knowledge and Science
Title: Relational Representation Learning for Dynamic (Knowledge) Graphs: A Survey
Abstract: Graphs arise naturally in many real-world applications including social networks, recommender systems, ontologies, biology, and computational finance. Traditionally, machine learning models for graphs have been mostly designed for static graphs. However, many applications involve evolving graphs. This introduces important challenges for learning and inference since nodes, attributes, and edges change over time. In this survey, we review the recent advances in representation learning for dynamic graphs, including dynamic knowledge graphs. We describe existing models from an encoder-decoder perspective, categorize these encoders and decoders based on the techniques they employ, and analyze the approaches in each category. We also review several prominent applications and widely used datasets, and highlight directions for future research.
Extracted statement — Has approach: encoder-decoder perspective
Research field: Theory, Knowledge and Science
Title: Virtual Knowledge Graphs: An Overview of Systems and Use Cases.
Abstract: In this paper, we present the virtual knowledge graph (VKG) paradigm for data integration and access, also known in the literature as Ontology-based Data Access. Instead of structuring the integration layer as a collection of relational tables, the VKG paradigm replaces the rigid structure of tables with the flexibility of graphs that are kept virtual and embed domain knowledge. We explain the main notions of this paradigm, its tooling ecosystem and significant use cases in a wide range of applications. Finally, we discuss future research directions.
Extracted statement — Has approach: ontology-based data access
Research field: Theory, Knowledge and Science
Title: Knowledge Graph Refinement: A Survey of Approaches and Evaluation Methods
Abstract: In the recent years, different Web knowledge graphs, both free and commercial, have been created. While Google coined the term "Knowledge Graph" in 2012, there are also a few openly available knowledge graphs, with DBpedia, YAGO, and Freebase being among the most prominent ones. Those graphs are often constructed from semi-structured knowledge, such as Wikipedia, or harvested from the web with a combination of statistical and linguistic methods. The result are large-scale knowledge graphs that try to make a good trade-off between completeness and correctness. In order to further increase the utility of such knowledge graphs, various refinement methods have been proposed, which try to infer and add missing knowledge to the graph, or identify erroneous pieces of information. In this article, we provide a survey of such knowledge graph refinement approaches, with a dual look at both the methods being proposed as well as the evaluation methodologies used.
Extracted statement — Has method: refinement methods
Research field: Theory/Algorithms
Title: A Parallelization Scheme for New DPD-B Thermostats
Abstract: This paper presents the MPI parallelization of a new algorithm—DPD-B thermostat—for molecular dynamics simulations. The presented results are using Martini Coarse Grained Water System. It should be taken into account that molecular dynamics simulations are time consuming. In some cases the running time varies from days to weeks and even months. Therefore, parallelization is one solution for reducing the execution time. The paper describes the new algorithm, the main characteristics of the MPI parallelization of the new algorithm, and the simulation performances.
Extracted statement — Has implementation: a new algorithm
Research field: Theory/Algorithms
Title: Analyzing Emergency Evacuation Strategies for Mass Gatherings using Crowd Simulation And Analysis framework: Hajj Scenario
Abstract: Hajj is one of the largest mass gatherings where Muslims from all over the world gather in Makah each year for pilgrimage. A mass assembly of such scale bears a huge risk of disaster either natural or man-made. In the past few years, thousands of casualties have occurred while performing different Hajj rituals, especially during the Circumambulation of Kaba (Tawaf) due to stampede or chaos. During such calamitous situations, an appropriate evacuation strategy can help resolve the problem and mitigate further risk of causalities. It is however a daunting research problem to identify an optimal course of action based on several constraints. Modeling and analyzing such a problem of real-time and spatially explicit complexity requires a microscale crowd simulation and analysis framework. Which not only allows the modeler to express the spatial dimensions and features of the environment in real scale, but also provides modalities to capture complex crowd behaviors. In this paper, we propose an Agent-based Crowd Simulation & Analysis framework that incorporates the use of Anylogic Pedestrian library and integrates/interoperate Anylogic Simulation environment with the external modules for optimization and analysis. Hence provides a runtime environment for analyzing complex situations, e.g., emergency evacuation strategies. The key features of the proposed framework include: (i) Ability to model large crowd in a spatially explicit environment at real-scale; (ii) Simulation of complex crowd behavior such as emergency evacuation; (iii) Interoperability of optimization and analysis modules with simulation runtime for evaluating evacuation strategies. We present a case study of Hajj scenario as a proof of concept and a test bed for identifying and evaluating optimal strategies for crowd evacuation
Extracted statement — Has implementation: Crowd Simulation and Analysis Framework
Research field: Theory/Algorithms
Title: Algorithm and Hardware for a Merge Sort Using Multiple Processors
Abstract: An algorithm is described that allows log (n) processors to sort n records in just over 2n write cycles, together with suitable hardware to support the algorithm. The algorithm is a parallel version of the straight merge sort. The passes of the merge sort are run overlapped, with each pass supported by a separate processor. The intermediate files of a serial merge sort are replaced by first-in first-out queues. The processors and queues may be implemented in conventional solid logic technology or in bubble technology. A hybrid technology is also appropriate.
Extracted statement — Algorithm: Merge sort
Research field: Theory/Algorithms
Title: Time Series Data Cleaning: A Survey
Abstract: Errors are prevalent in time series data, which is particularly common in the industrial field. Data with errors could not be stored in the database, which results in the loss of data assets. At present, to deal with these time series containing errors, besides keeping original erroneous data, discarding erroneous data and manually checking erroneous data, we can also use the cleaning algorithm widely used in the database to automatically clean the time series data. This survey provides a classification of time series data cleaning techniques and comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-art methods of each type. Besides we summarize data cleaning tools, systems and evaluation criteria from research and industry. Finally, we highlight possible directions time series data cleaning.
Extracted statement — Definition: time series data
Research field: Urban Studies
Title: Smart City Ontologies: Improving the effectiveness of smart city applications
Abstract: <jats:p>This paper addresses the problem of low impact of smart city applications observed in the fields of energy and transport, which constitute high-priority domains for the development of smart cities. However, these are not the only fields where the impact of smart cities has been limited. The paper provides an explanation for the low impact of various individual applications of smart cities and discusses ways of improving their effectiveness. We argue that the impact of applications depends primarily on their ontology, and secondarily on smart technology and programming features. Consequently, we start by creating an overall ontology for the smart city, defining the building blocks of this ontology with respect to the most cited definitions of smart cities, and structuring this ontology with the Protégé 5.0 editor, defining entities, class hierarchy, object properties, and data type properties. We then analyze how the ontologies of a sample of smart city applications fit into the overall Smart City Ontology, the consistency between digital spaces, knowledge processes, city domains targeted by the applications, and the types of innovation that determine their impact. In conclusion, we underline the relationships between innovation and ontology, and discuss how we can improve the effectiveness of smart city applications, combining expert and user-driven ontology design with the integration and or-chestration of applications over platforms and larger city entities such as neighborhoods, districts, clusters, and sectors of city activities.</jats:p>
Extracted statement — Technology level: Digital Space
Research field: Urban Studies
Title: Conundrum or paradox: deconstructing the spurious case of water scarcity in the Himalayan Region through an institutional economics narrative
Abstract: Water scarcity in mountain regions such as the Himalaya has been studied with a pre-existing notion of scarcity justified by decades of communities' suffering from physical water shortages combined by difficulties of access. The Eastern Himalayan Region (EHR) of India receives significantly high amounts of annual precipitation. Studies have nonetheless shown that this region faces a strange dissonance: an acute water scarcity in a supposedly ‘water-rich’ region. The main objective of this paper is to decipher various drivers of water scarcity by locating the contemporary history of water institutions within the development trajectory of the Darjeeling region, particularly Darjeeling Municipal Town in West Bengal, India. A key feature of the region's urban water governance that defines the water scarcity narrative is the multiplicity of water institutions and the intertwining of formal and informal institutions at various scales. These factors affect the availability of and basic access to domestic water by communities in various ways resulting in the creation of a preferred water bundle consisting of informal water markets over and above traditional sourcing from springs and the formal water supply from the town municipality.
Extracted statement — Region of data collection: Eastern Himalaya
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Collaborating Filtering Community Image Recommendation System Based on Scene
Abstract: With the advancement of smart city, the development of intelligent mobile terminal and wireless network, the traditional text information service no longer meet the needs of the community residents, community image service appeared as a new media service. “There are pictures of the truth” has become a community residents to understand and master the new dynamic community, image information service has become a new information service. However, there are two major problems in image information service. Firstly, the underlying eigenvalues extracted by current image feature extraction techniques are difficult for users to understand, and there is a semantic gap between the image content itself and the user’s understanding; secondly, in community life of the image data increasing quickly, it is difficult to find their own interested image data. Aiming at the two problems, this paper proposes a unified image semantic scene model to express the image content. On this basis, a collaborative filtering recommendation model of fusion scene semantics is proposed. In the recommendation model, a comprehensiveness and accuracy user interest model is proposed to improve the recommendation quality. The results of the present study have achieved good results in the pilot cities of Wenzhou and Yan'an, and it is applied normally.
Extracted statement — uses Recommendation Method: Collaborative filtering
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Smart city initiatives in the context of digital transformation: scope, services and technologies
Abstract: Digital transformation is an emerging trend in developing the way how the work is being done, and it is present in the private and public sector, in all industries and fields of work. Smart cities, as one of the concepts related to digital transformation, is usually seen as a matter of local governments, as it is their responsibility to ensure a better quality of life for the citizens. Some cities have already taken advantages of possibilities offered by the concept of smart cities, creating new values to all stakeholders interacting in the living city ecosystems, thus serving as examples of good practice, while others are still developing and growing on their intentions to become smart. This paper provides a structured literature analysis and investigates key scope, services and technologies related to smart cities and digital transformation as concepts of empowering social and collaboration interactions, in order to identify leading factors in most smart city initiatives.
Extracted statement — Issue(s) Addressed	: Empowering social and collaboration interactions
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Digital transformation of existing cities
Abstract: The article focuses on the range of problems arising on the way of innovative technologies implementation in the structure of existing cities. The concept of intellectualization of historic cities, as illustrated by Samara, is offered, which was chosen for the realization of a large Russian project “Smart City. Successful Region” in 2018. One of the problems was to study the experience of information hubs projecting with the purpose of determination of their priority functional directions. The following typology of information hubs was made: scientific and research ones, scientific and technical ones, innovative and cultural ones, cultural and informational ones, scientific and informational ones, technological ones, centres for data processing, scientific centres with experimental and production laboratories. As a result of the conducted research, a suggestion on smart city’s infrastructure is developed, the final levels of innovative technologies implementation in the structure of historic territories are determined. A model suggestion on the formation of a scientific and project centre with experimental and production laboratories branded as named “Park-plant” is developed. Smart (as well as real) city technologies, which are supposed to be placed on the territory of “Park-plant”, are systematized. The organizational structure of the promotion of model projects is offered according to the concept of “triad of development agents”, in which the flagship university – urban community – park-plant interact within the project programme. The effects of the development of the being renovated territory of the historic city centre are enumerated.
Extracted statement — Components : Information hub
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: The Evolving Enterprise Architecture: A Digital Transformation Perspective
Abstract: The advancement of technology has influenced all the enterprises. Enterprises should come up with the evolving approaches to face the challenges. With an evolving approach, the enterprise will be able to adapt to successive changes. Enterprise architecture is introduced as an approach to confront these challenges. The main issue is the generalization of this evolving approach to enterprise architecture. In an evolving approach, all aspects of the enterprise, as well as the ecosystem of the enterprise are considered. In this study, the notion of Internet of Things is considered as a transition factor in enterprise and enterprise architecture. Industry 4.0 and digital transformation have also been explored in the enterprise. Common challenges are extracted and defined.
Extracted statement — Technologies Deployed: Internet of Things
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Internet of Things, legal and regulatory framework in digital transformation from smart to intelligent cities
Abstract: Digital transformation from “Smart” to “Intelligent city” is based on new information technologies and knowledge, as well as on organizational and security processes. The authors of this paper will present the legal and regulatory framework and challenges of Internet of things in development of smart cities on the way to become intelligent cities. The special contribution of the paper will be an overview of new legal and regulatory framework General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which is of great importance for European union legal and regulation framework and bringing novelties in citizen's privacy and protection of personal data.
Extracted statement — Technologies Deployed: Internet of Things
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: Evolution of Enterprise Architecture for Digital Transformation
Abstract: The digital transformation of our life changes the way we work, learn, communicate, and collaborate. Enterprises are presently transforming their strategy, culture, processes, and their information systems to become digital. The digital transformation deeply disrupts existing enterprises and economies. Digitization fosters the development of IT systems with many rather small and distributed structures, like Internet of Things, Microservices and mobile services. Since years a lot of new business opportunities appear using the potential of services computing, Internet of Things, mobile systems, big data with analytics, cloud computing, collaboration networks, and decision support. Biological metaphors of living and adaptable ecosystems provide the logical foundation for self-optimizing and resilient run-time environments for intelligent business services and adaptable distributed information systems with service-oriented enterprise architectures. This has a strong impact for architecting digital services and products following both a value-oriented and a service perspective. The change from a closed-world modeling world to a more flexible open-world composition and evolution of enterprise architectures defines the moving context for adaptable and high distributed systems, which are essential to enable the digital transformation. The present research paper investigates the evolution of Enterprise Architecture considering new defined value-oriented mappings between digital strategies, digital business models and an improved digital enterprise architecture.
Extracted statement — Technologies Deployed: Internet of Things
Research field: Urban Studies and Planning
Title: A mixed-methods analysis of mobility behavior changes in the COVID-19 era in a rural case study
Abstract: Abstract Background As a reaction to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), countries around the globe have implemented various measures to reduce the spread of the virus. The transportation sector is particularly affected by the pandemic situation. The current study aims to contribute to the empirical knowledge regarding the effects of the coronavirus situation on the mobility of people by (1) broadening the perspective to the mobility rural area’s residents and (2) providing subjective data concerning the perceived changes of affected persons’ mobility practices, as these two aspects have scarcely been considered in research so far. Methods To address these research gaps, a mixed-methods study was conducted that integrates a qualitative telephone interview study ( N = 15) and a quantitative household survey ( N = 301). The rural district of Altmarkkreis Salzwedel in Northern Germany was chosen as a model region. Results The results provide in-depth insights into the changing mobility practices of residents of a rural area during the legal restrictions to stem the spread of the virus. A high share of respondents (62.6%) experienced no changes in their mobility behavior due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation. However, nearly one third of trips were also cancelled overall. A modal shift was observed towards the reduction of trips by car and bus, and an increase of trips by bike. The share of trips by foot was unchanged. The majority of respondents did not predict strong long-term effects of the corona pandemic on their mobility behavior.
Extracted statement — Area: rural area