Moussab/ORKG-training-evaluation-set huggingface dataset:
Research field: Pharmacology
Title: EFFECT OF PIOGLITAZONE AND GEMFIBROZIL ADMINISTRATION ON C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS IN NON-DIABETIC HYPERLIPIDEMIC RATS
Abstract: ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To assess and compare anti-inflammatory effect of pioglitazone and gemfibrozil by measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in high fat fed non-diabetic rats.METHODS: A comparative animal study was conducted at the Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan in which 27, adult healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups. Hyperlipidemia was induced in all three groups by giving hyperlipidemic diet containing cholesterol 1.5%, coconut oil 8.0% and sodium cholate 1.0%. After four weeks, Group A (control) was given distilled water, Group B was given pioglitazone 10mg/kg body weight and Group C was given gemfibrozil 10mg/kg body weight as single morning dose by oral route for four weeks. CRP was estimated at zero, 4th and 8th week.RESULTS: There was significant increase in the level of CRP after giving high lipid diet from mean±SD of 2.59±0.28mg/L, 2.63±0.32mg/L and 2.67±0.23mg/L at 0 week to 3.55±0.44mg/L, 3.59±0.34mg/L and 3.6±0.32mg/L at 4th week in groups A, B and C respectively.Multiple comparisons by ANOVA revealed significant difference between groups at 8th week only. Post hoc analysis disclosed that CRP level was significantly low in pioglitazone treated group having mean±SD of 2.93±0.33mg/L compared to control group’s 4.42±0.30mg/L and gemfibrozil group’s 4.28±0.39mg/L. The p-value in each case was <0.001, while difference between control and gemfibrozil was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone is effective in reducing hyperlipidemia associated inflammation, evidenced by decreased CRP level while gemfibrozil is not effective.KEY WORDS: Pioglitazone (MeSH); Gemfibrozil (MeSH); Hyperlipidemia (MeSH); Anti-inflammatory (MeSH); C-reactive protein (MeSH).
Extracted statement — Data: mean±SD of 2.59±0.28mg/L, 2.63±0.32mg/L and 2.67±0.23mg/L at 0 week to 3.55±0.44mg/L, 3.59±0.34mg/L and 3.6±0.32mg
Research field: Pharmacology
Title: EFFECT OF PIOGLITAZONE AND GEMFIBROZIL ADMINISTRATION ON C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS IN NON-DIABETIC HYPERLIPIDEMIC RATS
Abstract: ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To assess and compare anti-inflammatory effect of pioglitazone and gemfibrozil by measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in high fat fed non-diabetic rats.METHODS: A comparative animal study was conducted at the Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan in which 27, adult healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups. Hyperlipidemia was induced in all three groups by giving hyperlipidemic diet containing cholesterol 1.5%, coconut oil 8.0% and sodium cholate 1.0%. After four weeks, Group A (control) was given distilled water, Group B was given pioglitazone 10mg/kg body weight and Group C was given gemfibrozil 10mg/kg body weight as single morning dose by oral route for four weeks. CRP was estimated at zero, 4th and 8th week.RESULTS: There was significant increase in the level of CRP after giving high lipid diet from mean±SD of 2.59±0.28mg/L, 2.63±0.32mg/L and 2.67±0.23mg/L at 0 week to 3.55±0.44mg/L, 3.59±0.34mg/L and 3.6±0.32mg/L at 4th week in groups A, B and C respectively.Multiple comparisons by ANOVA revealed significant difference between groups at 8th week only. Post hoc analysis disclosed that CRP level was significantly low in pioglitazone treated group having mean±SD of 2.93±0.33mg/L compared to control group’s 4.42±0.30mg/L and gemfibrozil group’s 4.28±0.39mg/L. The p-value in each case was <0.001, while difference between control and gemfibrozil was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone is effective in reducing hyperlipidemia associated inflammation, evidenced by decreased CRP level while gemfibrozil is not effective.KEY WORDS: Pioglitazone (MeSH); Gemfibrozil (MeSH); Hyperlipidemia (MeSH); Anti-inflammatory (MeSH); C-reactive protein (MeSH).
Extracted statement — Data: mean±SD of 2.93±0.33mg/L
Research field: Pharmacology
Title: EFFECT OF PIOGLITAZONE AND GEMFIBROZIL ADMINISTRATION ON C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS IN NON-DIABETIC HYPERLIPIDEMIC RATS
Abstract: ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To assess and compare anti-inflammatory effect of pioglitazone and gemfibrozil by measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in high fat fed non-diabetic rats.METHODS: A comparative animal study was conducted at the Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan in which 27, adult healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups. Hyperlipidemia was induced in all three groups by giving hyperlipidemic diet containing cholesterol 1.5%, coconut oil 8.0% and sodium cholate 1.0%. After four weeks, Group A (control) was given distilled water, Group B was given pioglitazone 10mg/kg body weight and Group C was given gemfibrozil 10mg/kg body weight as single morning dose by oral route for four weeks. CRP was estimated at zero, 4th and 8th week.RESULTS: There was significant increase in the level of CRP after giving high lipid diet from mean±SD of 2.59±0.28mg/L, 2.63±0.32mg/L and 2.67±0.23mg/L at 0 week to 3.55±0.44mg/L, 3.59±0.34mg/L and 3.6±0.32mg/L at 4th week in groups A, B and C respectively.Multiple comparisons by ANOVA revealed significant difference between groups at 8th week only. Post hoc analysis disclosed that CRP level was significantly low in pioglitazone treated group having mean±SD of 2.93±0.33mg/L compared to control group’s 4.42±0.30mg/L and gemfibrozil group’s 4.28±0.39mg/L. The p-value in each case was <0.001, while difference between control and gemfibrozil was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone is effective in reducing hyperlipidemia associated inflammation, evidenced by decreased CRP level while gemfibrozil is not effective.KEY WORDS: Pioglitazone (MeSH); Gemfibrozil (MeSH); Hyperlipidemia (MeSH); Anti-inflammatory (MeSH); C-reactive protein (MeSH).
Extracted statement — Data: pioglitazone 10mg/kg body weight
Research field: Pharmacology
Title: EFFECT OF PIOGLITAZONE AND GEMFIBROZIL ADMINISTRATION ON C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS IN NON-DIABETIC HYPERLIPIDEMIC RATS
Abstract: ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To assess and compare anti-inflammatory effect of pioglitazone and gemfibrozil by measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in high fat fed non-diabetic rats.METHODS: A comparative animal study was conducted at the Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan in which 27, adult healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups. Hyperlipidemia was induced in all three groups by giving hyperlipidemic diet containing cholesterol 1.5%, coconut oil 8.0% and sodium cholate 1.0%. After four weeks, Group A (control) was given distilled water, Group B was given pioglitazone 10mg/kg body weight and Group C was given gemfibrozil 10mg/kg body weight as single morning dose by oral route for four weeks. CRP was estimated at zero, 4th and 8th week.RESULTS: There was significant increase in the level of CRP after giving high lipid diet from mean±SD of 2.59±0.28mg/L, 2.63±0.32mg/L and 2.67±0.23mg/L at 0 week to 3.55±0.44mg/L, 3.59±0.34mg/L and 3.6±0.32mg/L at 4th week in groups A, B and C respectively.Multiple comparisons by ANOVA revealed significant difference between groups at 8th week only. Post hoc analysis disclosed that CRP level was significantly low in pioglitazone treated group having mean±SD of 2.93±0.33mg/L compared to control group’s 4.42±0.30mg/L and gemfibrozil group’s 4.28±0.39mg/L. The p-value in each case was <0.001, while difference between control and gemfibrozil was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: Pioglitazone is effective in reducing hyperlipidemia associated inflammation, evidenced by decreased CRP level while gemfibrozil is not effective.KEY WORDS: Pioglitazone (MeSH); Gemfibrozil (MeSH); Hyperlipidemia (MeSH); Anti-inflammatory (MeSH); C-reactive protein (MeSH).
Extracted statement — Data: zero, 4th and 8th week
Research field: Planetary Sciences
Title: Far infrared and Raman spectroscopic investigations of lunar materials from Apollo 11, 12, 14, and 15
Abstract: We have studied the elastic and inelastic light scattering of twelve lunar surface rocks and eleven lunar soil samples from Apollo 11, 12, 14, and 15, over the range 20-2000 em-I. The phonons occurring in this frequency region have been associated with the different chemical constituents and are used to determine the mineralogical abundances by comparison with the spectra of a wide variety of terrestrial minerals and rocks. KramersKronig analyses of the infrared reflectance spectra provided the dielectric dispersion (e' and s") and the optical constants (n and k). The dielectric constants at "" 1011 Hz have been obtained for each sample and are compared with the values reported in the 10-10 Hz range. The emissivity peak at the Christianson frequencies for all the lunar samples lie within the range 1195-1250 cm-1; such values are characteristic of terrestrial basalts. The Raman light scattering spectra provided investigation of small individual grains or inclusions and gave unambiguous interpretation of some of the characteristic mineralogical components.
Extracted statement — Samples source: Apollo 11
Research field: Planetary Sciences
Title: Silica polymorphs in lunar granite: Implications for granite petrogenesis on the Moon
Abstract: Abstract Granitic lunar samples largely consist of granophyric intergrowths of silica and K-feldspar. The identification of the silica polymorph present in the granophyre can clarify the petrogenesis of the lunar granites. The presence of tridymite or cristobalite would indicate rapid crystallization at high temperature. Quartz would indicate crystallization at low temperature or perhaps intrusive, slow crystallization, allowing for the orderly transformation from high-temperature silica polymorphs (tridymite or cristobalite). We identify the silica polymorphs present in four granitic lunar samples from the Apollo 12 regolith using laser Raman spectroscopy. Typically, lunar silica occurs with a hackle fracture pattern. We did an initial density calculation on the hackle fracture pattern of quartz and determined that the volume of quartz and fracture space is consistent with a molar volume contraction from tridymite or cristobalite, both of which are less dense than quartz. Moreover, we analyzed the silica in the granitic fragments from Apollo 12 by electron-probe microanalysis and found it contains up to 0.7 wt% TiO2, consistent with initial formation as the high-temperature silica polymorphs, which have more open crystal structures that can more readily accommodate cations other than Si. The silica in Apollo 12 granitic samples crystallized rapidly as tridymite or cristobalite, consistent with extrusive volcanism. The silica then inverted to quartz at a later time, causing it to contract and fracture. A hackle fracture pattern is common in silica occurring in extrusive lunar lithologies (e.g., mare basalt). The extrusive nature of these granitic samples makes them excellent candidates to be similar to the rocks that compose positive relief silicic features such as the Gruithuisen Domes.
Extracted statement — Samples source: Apollo 12
Research field: Power and Energy
Title: Application of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System in Short Term Load Forecasting on Special Days
Abstract: This paper presents the application of Interval Type-2 fuzzy logic systems (Interval Type-2 FLS) in short term load forecasting (STLF) on special days, study case in Bali Indonesia. Type-2 FLS is characterized by a concept called footprint of uncertainty (FOU) that provides the extra mathematical dimension that equips Type-2 FLS with the potential to outperform their Type-1 counterparts. While a Type-2 FLS has the capability to model more complex relationships, the output of a Type-2 fuzzy inference engine needs to be type-reduced. Type reduction is used by applying the Karnik-Mendel (KM) iterative algorithm. This type reduction maps the output of Type-2 FSs into Type-1 FSs then the defuzzification with centroid method converts that Type-1 reduced FSs into a number. The proposed method was tested with the actual load data of special days using 4 days peak load before special days and at the time of special day for the year 2002-2006. There are 20 items of special days in Bali that are used to be forecasted in the year 2005 and 2006 respectively. The test results showed an accurate forecasting with the mean average percentage error of 1.0335% and 1.5683% in the year 2005 and 2006 respectively.
Extracted statement — MAPE: 1.03%
Research field: Science
Title: Can CSF predict the course of optic neuritis?
Abstract: To discuss the implications of CSF abnormalities for the course of acute monosymptomatic optic neuritis (AMON), various CSF markers were analysed in patients being randomly selected from a population-based cohort. Paired serum and CSF were obtained within a few weeks from onset of AMON. CSF-restricted oligoclonal IgG bands, free kappa and free lambda chain bands were observed in 17, 15, and nine of 27 examined patients, respectively. Sixteen patients showed a polyspecific intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal IgG antibodies against one or more viruses. At 1 year follow-up five patients had developed clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS); all had CSF oligoclonal IgG bands and virus-specific oligoclonal IgG antibodies at onset. Due to the relative small number studied at the short-term follow-up, no firm conclusion of the prognostic value of these analyses could be reached. CSF Myelin Basic Protein-like material was increased in only two of 29 patients with AMON, but may have potential value in reflecting disease activity, as the highest values were obtained among patients with CSF sampled soon after the worst visual acuity was reached, and among patients with severe visual impairment. In most previous studies of patients with AMON qualitative and quantitative analyses of CSF IgG had a predictive value for development of CDMS, but the results are conflicting.
Extracted statement — Follow-up time/ total observation time after MON n M/F: 1 year
Research field: Science
Title: Field study on occupant comfort and the office thermal environment in rooms with displacement ventilation
Abstract: UNLABELLED A field survey of occupants' response to the indoor environment in 10 office buildings with displacement ventilation was performed. The response of 227 occupants was analyzed. About 24% of the occupants in the survey complained that they were daily bothered by draught, mainly at the lower leg. Vertical air temperature difference measured between head and feet levels was less than 3 degrees C at all workplaces visited. Combined local discomfort because of draught and vertical temperature difference does not seem to be a serious problem in rooms with displacement ventilation. Almost one half (49%) of the occupants reported that they were daily bothered by an uncomfortable room temperature. Forty-eight per cent of the occupants were not satisfied with the air quality. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The PMV and the Draught Rating indices as well as the specifications for local discomfort because of the separate impact of draught and vertical temperature difference, as defined in the present standards, are relevant for the design of a thermal environment in rooms with displacement ventilation and for its assessment in practice. Increasing the supply air temperature in order to counteract draught discomfort is a measure that should be considered carefully; even if the desired stratification of pollution in the occupied zone is preserved, an increase of the inhaled air temperature may have a negative effect on perceived air quality.
Extracted statement — Place of experiment: 10 office buildings with displacement ventilation
Research field: Science
Title: Selective Hydrogenation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Using Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayer-Coated Pd/Al2O3 Catalysts
Abstract: Pd/Al2O3 catalysts coated with various thiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were used to direct the partial hydrogenation of 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids, yielding a product stream enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids (with low saturated fatty acid content), a favorable result for increasing the oxidative stability of biodiesel. The uncoated Pd/Al2O3 catalyst quickly saturated all fatty acid reactants under hydrogenation conditions, but the addition of alkanethiol SAMs markedly increased the reaction selectivity to the monounsaturated product oleic acid to a level of 80–90%, even at conversions >70%. This effect, which is attributed to steric effects between the SAMs and reactants, was consistent with the relative consumption rates of linoleic and oleic acid using alkanethiol-coated and uncoated Pd/Al2O3 catalysts. With an uncoated Pd/Al2O3 catalyst, each fatty acid, regardless of its degree of saturation had a reaction rate of ∼0.2 mol reactant consumed per mole of surface palladium per ...
Extracted statement — substrate: 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids
Research field: Science
Title: Palladium–gold single atom alloy catalysts for liquid phase selective hydrogenation of 1-hexyne
Abstract: <p>Silica supported and unsupported PdAu single atom alloys (SAAs) were investigated for the selective hydrogenation of 1-hexyne to hexenes under mild conditions.</p>
Extracted statement — substrate: 1-hexyne
Research field: Science
Title: Merging Single-Atom-Dispersed Silver and Carbon Nitride to a Joint Electronic System via Copolymerization with Silver Tricyanomethanide
Abstract: Herein, we present an approach to create a hybrid between single-atom-dispersed silver and a carbon nitride polymer. Silver tricyanomethanide (AgTCM) is used as a reactive comonomer during templated carbon nitride synthesis to introduce both negative charges and silver atoms/ions to the system. The successful introduction of the extra electron density under the formation of a delocalized joint electronic system is proven by photoluminescence measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations, and measurements of surface ζ-potential. At the same time, the principal structure of the carbon nitride network is not disturbed, as shown by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. The synthesis also results in an improvement of the visible light absorption and the development of higher surface area in the final products. The atom-dispersed AgTCM-doped carbon nitride shows an enhanced performance in the selective hydrogenation of alkynes in comparison with the performance of other conventional Ag-based materials prepared by spray deposition and impregnation-reduction methods, here exemplified with 1-hexyne.
Extracted statement — substrate: 1-hexyne
Research field: Science
Title: Chromosomal abnormalities in Philadelphia chromosome negative metaphases appearing during imatinib mesylate therapy in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase
Abstract: The development of chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) in the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative metaphases during imatinib (IM) therapy in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myecloid leukemia (CML) has been reported only anecdotally. We assessed the frequency and significance of this phenomenon among 258 patients with newly diagnosed CML in chronic phase receiving IM. After a median follow-up of 37 months, 21 (9%) patients developed 23 CAs in Ph-negative cells; excluding -Y, this incidence was 5%. Sixteen (70%) of all CAs were observed in 2 or more metaphases. The median time from start of IM to the appearance of CAs was 18 months. The most common CAs were -Y and + 8 in 9 and 3 patients, respectively. CAs were less frequent in young patients (P = .02) and those treated with high-dose IM (P = .03). In all but 3 patients, CAs were transient and disappeared after a median of 5 months. One patient developed acute myeloid leukemia (associated with - 7). At last follow-up, 3 patients died from transplantation-related complications, myocardial infarction, and progressive disease and 2 lost cytogenetic response. CAs occur in Ph-negative cells in a small percentage of patients with newly diagnosed CML treated with IM. In rare instances, these could reflect the emergence of a new malignant clone.
Extracted statement — N (%) with abnormal karyotype: 21 (9%)
Research field: Science
Title: 2D cascaded AdaBoost for eye localization
Abstract: In this paper, 2D cascaded AdaBoost, a novel classifier designing framework, is presented and applied to eye localization. By the term "2D", we mean that in our method there are two cascade classifiers in two directions: The first one is a cascade designed by bootstrapping the positive samples, and the second one, as the component classifiers of the first one, is cascaded by bootstrapping the negative samples. The advantages of the 2D structure include: (1) it greatly facilitates the classifier designing on huge-scale training set; (2) it can easily deal with the significant variations within the positive (or negative) samples; (3) both the training and testing procedures are more efficient. The proposed structure is applied to eye localization and evaluated on four public face databases, extensive experimental results verified the effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness of the proposed method
Extracted statement — Methods: 2D Cascaded AdaBoost
Research field: Science
Title: Building a Game Engine: A Tale of Modern Model-Driven Engineering
Abstract: Game engines enable developers to reuse assets from previously developed games, thus easing the software-engineering challenges around the video-game development experience and making the implementation of games less expensive, less technologically brittle, and more efficient. However, the construction of game engines is challenging in itself, it involves the specification of well defined architectures and typical game play behaviors, flexible enough to enable game designers to implement their vision, while, at the same time, simplifying the implementation through asset and code reuse. In this paper we present a set of lessons learned through the design and construction PhyDSL-2, a game engine for 2D physics-based games. Our experience involves the active use of modern model-driven engineering technologies, to overcome the complexity of the engine design and to systematize its maintenance and evolution.
Extracted statement — Game Genres: 2D Physics-based Games
Research field: Science
Title: Linking Success Factors to Financial Performance
Abstract: Problem statement: Based on a literature survey, an attempt has been made in this study to develop a framework for identifying the success factors. In addition, a list of key success factors is presented. The emphasis is on success factors dealing with breadth of services, internationalization of operations, industry focus, customer focus, 3PL experience, relationship with 3PLs, investment in quality assets, investment in information systems, availability of skilled professionals and supply chain integration. In developing the factors an effort has been made to align and relate them to financial performance. Conclusion/Recommendations: We found success factors “relationship with 3PLs and skilled logistics professionals” would substantially improves financial performance metric profit growth. Our findings also contribute to managerial practice by offering a benchmarking tool that can be used by managers in the 3PL service provider industry in India.
Extracted statement — Critical success factors: 3PL experience