Moussab/ORKG-training-evaluation-set huggingface dataset:
Research field: Science
Title: A sea-land segmentation scheme based on statistical model of sea
Abstract: Sea-land segmentation is a key step for target detection. Due to the complex texture and uneven gray value of the land in optical remote sensing image, traditional sea-land segmentation algorithms often recognize land as sea incorrectly. A new segmentation scheme is presented in this paper to solve this problem. This scheme determines the threshold according to the adaptively established statistical model of the sea area, and removes the incorrectly classified land according to the difference of the variance in the statistical model between land and sea. Experimental results show our segmentation scheme has small computation complexity, and it has better performance and higher robustness compared to the traditional algorithms.
Extracted statement — Main purpose: Sea-land segmentation
Research field: Science
Title: The Potential for Using Very High Spatial Resolution Imagery for Marine Search and Rescue Surveillance
Abstract: Abstract Recreational boating activities represent one of the highest risk populations in the marine environment. Moreover, there is a trend of increased risk exposure by recreational boaters such as those who undertake adventure tourism, sport fishing/hunting, and personal watercraft (PWC) activities. When trying to plan search and rescue activities, there are data deficiencies regarding inventories, activity type, and spatial location of small, recreational boats. This paper examines the current body of research in the application of remote sensing technology in marine search and rescue. The research suggests commercially available very high spatial resolution satellite (VHSR) imagery can be used to detect small recreational vessels using a sub‐pixel detection methodology. The sub‐pixel detection method utilizes local image statistics based on spatio‐spectral considerations. This methodology would have to be adapted for use with VHSR imagery as it was originally used in hyperspectral imaging. Further, the authors examine previous research on ‘target characterization’ which uses a combination of spectral based classification, and context based feature extraction to generate information such as: length, heading, position, and material of construction for target vessels. This technique is based on pixel‐based processing used in generic digital image processing and computer vision. Finally, a preliminary recreational vessel surveillance system ‐ called Marine Recreational Vessel Reconnaissance (MRV Recon) is tested on some modified VHSR imagery.
Extracted statement — Main purpose: Search and rescue
Research field: Science
Title: An Enhanced Spatio-spectral Template for Automatic Small Recreational Vessel Detection
Abstract: This paper examines the performance of a spatiospectral template on Ikonos imagery to automatically detect small recreational boats. The spatiospectral template is utilized and then enhanced through the use of a weighted Euclidean distance metric adapted from the Mahalanobis distance metric. The aim is to assist the Canadian Coast Guard in gathering data on recreational boating for the modeling of search and rescue incidence risk. To test the detection accuracy of the enhanced spatiospectral template, a dataset was created by gathering position and attribute data for 53 recreational vessel targets purposely moored for this research within Cadboro Bay, British Columbia, Canada. The Cadboro Bay study site containing the targets was imaged using Ikonos. Overall detection accuracy was 77%. Targets were broken down into 2 categories: 1) Category A-less than 6 m in length, and Category B-more than 6 m long. The detection rate for Category B targets was 100%, while the detection rate for Category A targets was 61%. It is important to note that some Category A targets were intentionally selected for their small size to test the detection limits of the enhanced spatiospectral template. The smallest target detected was 2.2 m long and 1.1 m wide. The analysis also revealed that the ability to detect targets between 2.2 and 6 m long was diminished if the target was dark in color.
Extracted statement — Main purpose: Search and rescue
Research field: Science
Title: L-diversity: privacy beyond k-anonymity
Abstract: Publishing data about individuals without revealing sensitive information about them is an important problem. In recent years, a new definition of privacy called \kappa-anonymity has gained popularity. In a \kappa-anonymized dataset, each record is indistinguishable from at least k—1 other records with respect to certain "identifying" attributes. In this paper we show with two simple attacks that a \kappa-anonymized dataset has some subtle, but severe privacy problems. First, we show that an attacker can discover the values of sensitive attributes when there is little diversity in those sensitive attributes. Second, attackers often have background knowledge, and we show that \kappa-anonymity does not guarantee privacy against attackers using background knowledge. We give a detailed analysis of these two attacks and we propose a novel and powerful privacy definition called \ell-diversity. In addition to building a formal foundation for \ell-diversity, we show in an experimental evaluation that \ell-diversity is practical and can be implemented efficiently.
Extracted statement — Background information: Sensitive attributes
Research field: Science
Title: Model-Driven Serious Game Development Integration of the Gamification Modeling Language GaML with Unity
Abstract: The development of gamification within non-game information systems as well as serious games has recently gained an important role in a variety of business fields due to promising behavioral or psychological improvements. However, industries still struggle with the high efforts of implementing gameful affordances in non-game systems. In order to decrease factors such as project costs, development cycles, and resource consumption as well as to improve the quality of products, the gamification modeling language has been proposed in prior research. However, the language is on a descriptive level only, i.e., Cannot be used to automatically generate executable software artifacts. In this paper and based on this language, we introduce a model-driven architecture for designing as well as generating building blocks for serious games. Furthermore, we give a validation of our approach by going through the different steps of designing an achievement system in the context of an existing serious game.
Extracted statement — Game Genres: Serious Games
Research field: Science
Title: Models and mechanisms for implementing playful scenarios
Abstract: Serious games are becoming an increasingly used alternative in technical/professional/academic fields. However, scenario development poses a challenging problem since it is an expensive task, only devoted to computer specialists (game developers, programmers…). The ultimate goal of our work is to propose a new scenario-building approach capable of ensuring a high degree of deployment and reusability. Thus, we will define in this paper a new generation mechanism. This mechanism is built upon a model driven architecture (MDA). We have started up by enriching the existing standards, which resulted in defining a new generic meta-model (CIM). The resulting meta-model is capable of describing and standardizing game scenarios. Then, we have laid down a new transformational mechanism in order to integrate the indexed game components into operational platforms (PSM). Finally, the effectiveness of our strategy was assessed under two separate contexts (target platforms) : the claroline-connect platform and the unity 3D environment.
Extracted statement — Game Genres: Serious Games
Research field: Science
Title: An Exploratory Study of the Success Factors for Extranet Adoption in E-Supply Chain
Abstract: Extranet is an enabler/system that enriches the information service quality in e-supply chain. This paper uses factor analysis to determine four extranet success factors: system quality, information quality, service quality, and work performance quality. A critical analysis of areas that require improvement is also conducted.
Extracted statement — Critical success factors: service quality
Research field: Science
Title: Identifying the factors influencing the performance of reverse supply chains (RSC)
Abstract: This paper aims to extract the factors influencing the performance of reverse supply chains (RSCs) based on the structure equation model (SEM). We first introduce the definition of RSC and describe its current status and follow this with a literature review of previous RSC studies and the technology acceptance model . We next develop our research model and 11 hypotheses and then use SEM to test our model and identify those factors that actually influence the success of RSC. Next, we use both questionnaire and web‐based methods to survey five companies which have RSC operation experience in China and Korea. Using the 168 responses, we used measurement modeling test and SEM to validate our proposed hypotheses. As a result, nine hypotheses were accepted while two were rejected. We found that ease of use, perceived usefulness, service quality, channel relationship and RSC cost were the five most important factors which influence the success of RSC. Finally, we conclude by highlighting our research contribution and propose future research.
Extracted statement — Critical success factors: service quality
Research field: Science
Title: Optimal fleet design in a ship routing problem
Abstract: Abstract The problem of deciding an optimal fleet (the type of ships and the number of each type) in a real liner shipping problem is considered. The liner shipping problem is a multi-trip vehicle routing problem, and consists of deciding weekly routes for the selected ships. A solution method consisting of three phases is presented. In phase 1, all feasible single routes are generated for the largest ship available. Some of these routes will use only a small portion of the ship’s capacity and can be performed by smaller ships at less cost. This fact is used when calculating the cost of each route. In phase 2, the single routes generated in phase 1 are combined into multiple routes. By solving a set partitioning problem (phase 3), where the columns are the routes generated in phases 1 and 2, we find both the optimal fleet and the coherent routes for the fleet.
Extracted statement — Method: set partitioning
Research field: Science
Title: Robust ship scheduling with multiple time windows
Abstract: We present a ship scheduling problem concerned with the pickup and delivery of bulk cargoes within given time windows. As the ports are closed for service at night and during weekends, the wide time windows can be regarded as multiple time windows. Another issue is that the loading/discharging times of cargoes may take several days. This means that a ship will stay idle much of the time in port, and the total time at port will depend on the ship's arrival time. Ship scheduling is associated with uncertainty due to bad weather at sea and unpredictable service times in ports. Our objective is to make robust schedules that are less likely to result in ships staying idle in ports during the weekend, and impose penalty costs for arrivals at risky times (i.e., close to weekends). A set partitioning approach is proposed to solve the problem. The columns correspond to feasible ship schedules that are found a priori. They are generated taking the uncertainty and multiple time windows into account. The computational results show that we can increase the robustness of the schedules at the sacrifice of increased transportation costs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 611–625, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10033
Extracted statement — Method: set partitioning
Research field: Science
Title: Bi-objective stochastic programming models for determining depot locations in disaster relief operations
Abstract: This paper presents two-stage bi-objective stochastic programming models for disaster relief operations. We consider a problem that occurs in the aftermath of a natural disaster: a transportation system for supplying disaster victims with relief goods must be established. We propose bi-objective optimization models with a monetary objective and humanitarian objective. Uncertainty in the accessibility of the road network is modeled by a discrete set of scenarios. The key features of our model are the determination of locations for intermediate depots and acquisition of vehicles. Several model variants are considered. First, the operating budget can be fixed at the first stage for all possible scenarios or determined for each scenario at the second stage. Second, the assignment of vehicles to a depot can be either fixed or free. Third, we compare a heterogeneous vehicle fleet to a homogeneous fleet. We study the impact of the variants on the solutions. The set of Pareto-optimal solutions is computed by applying the adaptive Epsilon-constraint method. We solve the deterministic equivalents of the two-stage stochastic programs using the MIP-solver CPLEX.
Extracted statement — Features: Several model variants
Research field: Science
Title: Linking Success Factors to Financial Performance
Abstract: Problem statement: Based on a literature survey, an attempt has been made in this study to develop a framework for identifying the success factors. In addition, a list of key success factors is presented. The emphasis is on success factors dealing with breadth of services, internationalization of operations, industry focus, customer focus, 3PL experience, relationship with 3PLs, investment in quality assets, investment in information systems, availability of skilled professionals and supply chain integration. In developing the factors an effort has been made to align and relate them to financial performance. Conclusion/Recommendations: We found success factors “relationship with 3PLs and skilled logistics professionals” would substantially improves financial performance metric profit growth. Our findings also contribute to managerial practice by offering a benchmarking tool that can be used by managers in the 3PL service provider industry in India.
Extracted statement — Critical success factors: skilled logistics
Research field: Science
Title: Assessment of algorithms for high throughput detection of genomic copy number variation in oligonucleotide microarray data
Abstract: Abstract Background Genomic deletions and duplications are important in the pathogenesis of diseases, such as cancer and mental retardation, and have recently been shown to occur frequently in unaffected individuals as polymorphisms. Affymetrix GeneChip whole genome sampling analysis (WGSA) combined with 100 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays is one of several microarray-based approaches that are now being used to detect such structural genomic changes. The popularity of this technology and its associated open source data format have resulted in the development of an increasing number of software packages for the analysis of copy number changes using these SNP arrays. Results We evaluated four publicly available software packages for high throughput copy number analysis using synthetic and empirical 100 K SNP array data sets, the latter obtained from 107 mental retardation (MR) patients and their unaffected parents and siblings. We evaluated the software with regards to overall suitability for high-throughput 100 K SNP array data analysis, as well as effectiveness of normalization, scaling with various reference sets and feature extraction, as well as true and false positive rates of genomic copy number variant (CNV) detection. Conclusion We observed considerable variation among the numbers and types of candidate CNVs detected by different analysis approaches, and found that multiple programs were needed to find all real aberrations in our test set. The frequency of false positive deletions was substantial, but could be greatly reduced by using the SNP genotype information to confirm loss of heterozygosity.
Extracted statement — Platform: SNP array
Research field: Science
Title: The Effect of Algorithms on Copy Number Variant Detection
Abstract: Background The detection of copy number variants (CNVs) and the results of CNV-disease association studies rely on how CNVs are defined, and because array-based technologies can only infer CNVs, CNV-calling algorithms can produce vastly different findings. Several authors have noted the large-scale variability between CNV-detection methods, as well as the substantial false positive and false negative rates associated with those methods. In this study, we use variations of four common algorithms for CNV detection (PennCNV, QuantiSNP, HMMSeg, and cnvPartition) and two definitions of overlap (any overlap and an overlap of at least 40% of the smaller CNV) to illustrate the effects of varying algorithms and definitions of overlap on CNV discovery. Methodology and Principal Findings We used a 56 K Illumina genotyping array enriched for CNV regions to generate hybridization intensities and allele frequencies for 48 Caucasian schizophrenia cases and 48 age-, ethnicity-, and gender-matched control subjects. No algorithm found a difference in CNV burden between the two groups. However, the total number of CNVs called ranged from 102 to 3,765 across algorithms. The mean CNV size ranged from 46 kb to 787 kb, and the average number of CNVs per subject ranged from 1 to 39. The number of novel CNVs not previously reported in normal subjects ranged from 0 to 212. Conclusions and Significance Motivated by the availability of multiple publicly available genome-wide SNP arrays, investigators are conducting numerous analyses to identify putative additional CNVs in complex genetic disorders. However, the number of CNVs identified in array-based studies, and whether these CNVs are novel or valid, will depend on the algorithm(s) used. Thus, given the variety of methods used, there will be many false positives and false negatives. Both guidelines for the identification of CNVs inferred from high-density arrays and the establishment of a gold standard for validation of CNVs are needed.
Extracted statement — Platform: SNP array
Research field: Science
Title: Accuracy of CNV Detection from GWAS Data
Abstract: Several computer programs are available for detecting copy number variants (CNVs) using genome-wide SNP arrays. We evaluated the performance of four CNV detection software suites—Birdsuite, Partek, HelixTree, and PennCNV-Affy—in the identification of both rare and common CNVs. Each program's performance was assessed in two ways. The first was its recovery rate, i.e., its ability to call 893 CNVs previously identified in eight HapMap samples by paired-end sequencing of whole-genome fosmid clones, and 51,440 CNVs identified by array Comparative Genome Hybridization (aCGH) followed by validation procedures, in 90 HapMap CEU samples. The second evaluation was program performance calling rare and common CNVs in the Bipolar Genome Study (BiGS) data set (1001 bipolar cases and 1033 controls, all of European ancestry) as measured by the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 array. Accuracy in calling rare CNVs was assessed by positive predictive value, based on the proportion of rare CNVs validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), while accuracy in calling common CNVs was assessed by false positive/false negative rates based on qPCR validation results from a subset of common CNVs. Birdsuite recovered the highest percentages of known HapMap CNVs containing >20 markers in two reference CNV datasets. The recovery rate increased with decreased CNV frequency. In the tested rare CNV data, Birdsuite and Partek had higher positive predictive values than the other software suites. In a test of three common CNVs in the BiGS dataset, Birdsuite's call was 98.8% consistent with qPCR quantification in one CNV region, but the other two regions showed an unacceptable degree of accuracy. We found relatively poor consistency between the two “gold standards,” the sequence data of Kidd et al., and aCGH data of Conrad et al. Algorithms for calling CNVs especially common ones need substantial improvement, and a “gold standard” for detection of CNVs remains to be established.
Extracted statement — Platform: SNP array
Research field: Science
Title: All Crises Opportunities? A Comparison of How Corporate and Government Organizations Responded to the 2009 Flu Pandemic.
Abstract: Through a quantitative content analysis, this study applies situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) to investigate how 13 corporate and government organizations responded to the first phase of the 2009 flu pandemic. The results indicate that government organizations emphasized providing instructing information to their primary publics such as guidelines about how to respond to the crisis. On the other hand, organizations representing corporate interests emphasized reputation management in their crisis responses, frequently adopting denial, diminish, and reinforce response strategies. In addition, both government and corporate organizations used social media more often than traditional media in responding to the crisis. Finally, the study expands SCCT's response options.
Extracted statement — Technology: social media
Research field: Science
Title: Synchronizing Crisis Responses after a Transgression: An Analysis of BP's Enacted Crisis Response to the Deepwater Horizon Crisis in 2010.
Abstract: Purpose – With the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil well in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010 and until the well was officially “killed” on September 19, 2010, British Petroleum (BP) did not merely experience a crisis but a five‐month marathon of sustained, multi‐media engagement. Whereas traditional public relations theory teaches us that an organization should synchronize its messages across channels, there are no models to understand how an organization may strategically coordinate public relations messaging across traditional and social media platforms. This is especially important in the new media environment where social media (e.g. Facebook and Twitter) are increasingly being used in concert with traditional public relations tools (e.g. press releases) as a part of an organization's stakeholder engagement strategy. This paper seeks to address these issues.Design/methodology/approach – The present study is a content analysis examining all of BP's press releases (N=126), its Facebook posts (...
Extracted statement — Technology: social media
Research field: Science
Title: Social Media and Emergency Management: Exploring State and Local Tweets
Abstract: Social media for emergency management has emerged as a vital resource for government agencies across the globe. In this study, we explore social media strategies employed by governments to respond to major weather-related events. Using social media monitoring software, we analyze how social media is used in six cities following storms in the winter of 2012. We listen, monitor, and assess online discourse available on the full range of social media outlets (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, blogs). To glean further insight, we conduct a survey and extract themes from citizen comments and government's response. We conclude with recommendations on how practitioners can develop social media strategies that enable citizen participation in emergency management.
Extracted statement — Technology: social media