Moussab/ORKG-training-evaluation-set huggingface dataset:
Research field: Semiconductor and Optical Materials
Title: Dismantling the “Red Wall” of Colloidal Perovskites: Highly Luminescent Formamidinium and Formamidinium–Cesium Lead Iodide Nanocrystals
Abstract: Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) of APbX3-type lead halide perovskites [A = Cs+, CH3NH3+ (methylammonium or MA+) or CH(NH2)2+ (formamidinium or FA+); X = Cl–, Br–, I–] have recently emerged as highly versatile photonic sources for applications ranging from simple photoluminescence down-conversion (e.g., for display backlighting) to light-emitting diodes. From the perspective of spectral coverage, a formidable challenge facing the use of these materials is how to obtain stable emissions in the red and infrared spectral regions covered by the iodide-based compositions. So far, red-emissive CsPbI3 NCs have been shown to suffer from a delayed phase transformation into a nonluminescent, wide-band-gap 1D polymorph, and MAPbI3 exhibits very limited chemical durability. In this work, we report a facile colloidal synthesis method for obtaining FAPbI3 and FA-doped CsPbI3 NCs that are uniform in size (10–15 nm) and nearly cubic in shape and exhibit drastically higher robustness than their MA- or Cs-only cousins with similar sizes and morphologies. Detailed structural analysis indicated that the FAPbI3 NCs had a cubic crystal structure, while the FA0.1Cs0.9PbI3 NCs had a 3D orthorhombic structure that was isostructural to the structure of CsPbBr3 NCs. Bright photoluminescence (PL) with high quantum yield (QY > 70%) spanning red (690 nm, FA0.1Cs0.9PbI3 NCs) and near-infrared (near-IR, ca. 780 nm, FAPbI3 NCs) regions was sustained for several months or more in both the colloidal state and in films. The peak PL wavelengths can be fine-tuned by using postsynthetic cation- and anion-exchange reactions. Amplified spontaneous emissions with low thresholds of 28 and 7.5 μJ cm–2 were obtained from the films deposited from FA0.1Cs0.9PbI3 and FAPbI3 NCs, respectively. Furthermore, light-emitting diodes with a high external quantum efficiency of 2.3% were obtained by using FAPbI3 NCs.
Extracted statement — Material: materials
Research field: Semiconductor and Optical Materials
Title: Comparison of heterojunction device parameters for pure and doped ZnO thin films with IIIA (Al or In) elements grown on silicon at room ambient
Abstract: In this work, pure and IIIA element doped ZnO thin films were grown on p type silicon (Si) with (100) orientated surface by sol-gel method, and were characterized for comparing their electrical characteristics. The heterojunction parameters were obtained from the current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics at room temperature. The ideality factor (n), saturation current (Io) and junction resistance of ZnO/p-Si heterojunction for both pure and doped (with Al or In) cases were determined by using different methods at room ambient. Other electrical parameters such as Fermi energy level (EF), barrier height (ΦB), acceptor concentration (Na), built-in potential (Φi) and voltage dependence of surface states (Nss) profile were obtained from the C-V measurements. The results reveal that doping ZnO with IIIA (Al or In) elements to fabricate n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction can result in high performance diode characteristics.
Extracted statement — ZnO film deposition method: sol-gel
Research field: Social and Behavioral Sciences
Title: ICT Engagement: a new construct and its assessment in PISA 2015
Abstract: Abstract As a relevant cognitive-motivational aspect of ICT literacy, a new construct ICT Engagement is theoretically based on self-determination theory and involves the factors ICT interest, Perceived ICT competence, Perceived autonomy related to ICT use, and ICT as a topic in social interaction. In this manuscript, we present different sources of validity supporting the construct interpretation of test scores in the ICT Engagement scale, which was used in PISA 2015. Specifically, we investigated the internal structure by dimensional analyses and investigated the relation of ICT Engagement aspects to other variables. The analyses are based on public data from PISA 2015 main study from Switzerland ( n = 5860) and Germany ( n = 6504). First, we could confirm the four-dimensional structure of ICT Engagement for the Swiss sample using a structural equation modelling approach. Second, ICT Engagement scales explained the highest amount of variance in ICT Use for Entertainment, followed by Practical use. Third, we found significantly lower values for girls in all ICT Engagement scales except ICT Interest. Fourth, we found a small negative correlation between the scores in the subscale “ICT as a topic in social interaction” and reading performance in PISA 2015. We could replicate most results for the German sample. Overall, the obtained results support the construct interpretation of the four ICT Engagement subscales.
Extracted statement — Has method: correlation
Research field: Social and Behavioral Sciences
Title: A PISA-2015 Comparative Meta-Analysis between Singapore and Finland: Relations of Students’ Interest in Science, Perceived ICT Competence, and Environmental Awareness and Optimism
Abstract: <jats:p>The aim of the present study is twofold: (1) to identify a factor structure between variables-interest in broad science topics, perceived information and communications technology (ICT) competence, environmental awareness and optimism; and (2) to explore the relations between these variables at the country level. The first part of the aim is addressed using exploratory factor analysis with data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) for 15-year-old students from Singapore and Finland. The results show that a comparable structure with four factors was verified in both countries. Correlation analyses and linear regression were used to address the second part of the aim. The results show that adolescents’ interest in broad science topics can predict perceived ICT competence. Their interest in broad science topics and perceived ICT competence can predict environmental awareness in both countries. However, there is difference in predicting environmental optimism. Singaporean students’ interest in broad science topics and their perceived ICT competences are positive predictors, whereas environmental awareness is a negative predictor. Finnish students’ environmental awareness negatively predicted environmental optimism.</jats:p>
Extracted statement — Has method: correlation
Research field: Social Psychology
Title: Employee psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: A longitudinal study of demands, resources, and exhaustion
Abstract: Many governments react to the current coronavirus/COVID‐19 pandemic by restricting daily (work) life. On the basis of theories from occupational health, we propose that the duration of the pandemic, its demands (e.g., having to work from home, closing of childcare facilities, job insecurity, work‐privacy conflicts, privacy‐work conflicts) and personal‐ and job‐related resources (co‐worker social support, job autonomy, partner support and corona self‐efficacy) interact in their effect on employee exhaustion. We test the hypotheses with a three‐wave sample of German employees during the pandemic from April to June 2020 (N w1 = 2900, N w12 = 1237, N w123 = 789). Our findings show a curvilinear effect of pandemic duration on working women's exhaustion. The data also show that the introduction and the easing of lockdown measures affect exhaustion, and that women with children who work from home while childcare is unavailable are especially exhausted. Job autonomy and partner support mitigated some of these effects. In sum, women's psychological health was more strongly affected by the pandemic than men's. We discuss implications for occupational health theories and that interventions targeted at mitigating the psychological consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic should target women specifically.
Extracted statement — Indicator for well-being: Exhaustion
Research field: Social Psychology
Title: The gender gap in mental well-being during the Covid-19 outbreak: evidence from the UK
Abstract: We document a decline in mental well-being after the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. This decline is twice as large for women as for men. We seek to explain this gender gap by exploring gender differences in: family and caring responsibilities; financial and work situation; social engagement; health situation, and health behaviours, including exercise. Differences in family and caring responsibilities play some role, but the bulk of the gap is explained by social factors. Women reported more close friends before the pandemic than men, and increased loneliness after the pandemic's onset. Other factors are similarly distributed across genders and so play little role. Finally, we document larger declines in well-being for the young, of both genders, than the old.
Extracted statement — Control variables: Gender
Research field: Social Psychology
Title: Decision-making at the sharp end: a survey of literature related to decision-making in humanitarian contexts
Abstract: Abstract In a humanitarian response, leaders are often tasked with making large numbers of decisions, many of which have significant consequences, in situations of urgency and uncertainty. These conditions have an impact on the decision-maker (causing stress, for example) and subsequently on how decisions get made. Evaluations of humanitarian action suggest that decision-making is an area of weakness in many operations. There are examples of important decisions being missed and of decision-making processes that are slow and ad hoc. As part of a research process to address these challenges, this article considers literature from the humanitarian and emergency management sectors that relates to decision-making. It outlines what the literature tells us about the nature of the decisions that leaders at the country level are taking during humanitarian operations, and the circumstances under which these decisions are taken. It then considers the potential application of two different types of decision-making process in these contexts: rational/analytical decision-making and naturalistic decision-making. The article concludes with broad hypotheses that can be drawn from the literature and with the recommendation that these be further tested by academics with an interest in the topic.
Extracted statement — Individual factors influencing evidence-based decision-making: stress
Research field: Social Psychology
Title: The gender gap in mental well-being during the Covid-19 outbreak: evidence from the UK
Abstract: We document a decline in mental well-being after the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. This decline is twice as large for women as for men. We seek to explain this gender gap by exploring gender differences in: family and caring responsibilities; financial and work situation; social engagement; health situation, and health behaviours, including exercise. Differences in family and caring responsibilities play some role, but the bulk of the gap is explained by social factors. Women reported more close friends before the pandemic than men, and increased loneliness after the pandemic's onset. Other factors are similarly distributed across genders and so play little role. Finally, we document larger declines in well-being for the young, of both genders, than the old.
Extracted statement — Examined (sub-)group: women
Research field: Sociology
Title: The Pandemic Penalty: The Gendered Effects of COVID-19 on Scientific Productivity
Abstract: Academia serves as a valuable case for studying the effects of social forces on workplace productivity, using a concrete measure of output: scholarly papers. Many academics, especially women, have ...
Extracted statement — target population: academics
Research field: Sociology
Title: Telephone counseling for patients with minor depression: preliminary findings in a family practice setting
Abstract: BACKGROUND Depression is a frequently occurring condition in family practice patients, but time limitations may hamper the physician's ability to it treat effectively. Referrals to mental health professionals are frequently resisted by patients. The need for more effective treatment strategies led to the development and evaluation of a telephone-based, problem-solving intervention. METHODS Patients in a family practice residency practice were evaluated through the Medical Outcomes Study Depression Screening Scale and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule to identify those with subthreshold or minor depression. Twenty-nine subjects were randomly assigned to either a treatment or comparison group. Initial scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were equivalent for the groups and were in the mildly depressed range. Six problem-solving therapy sessions were conducted over the telephone by graduate student therapists supervised by a psychiatrist. RESULTS Treatment group subjects had significantly lower post-intervention scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale compared with their pre-intervention scores (P < .05). Scores did not differ significantly over time in the comparison group. Post-intervention, treatment group subjects also had lower Beck Depression Inventory scores than did the comparison group (P < .02), as well as more positive scores for social health (P < .002), mental health (P < .05), and self-esteem (P < .05) on the Duke Health Profile. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that brief, telephone-based treatment for minor depression in family practice settings may be an efficient and effective method to decrease symptoms of depression and improve functioning. Nurses in these settings with appropriate training and supervision may also be able to provide this treatment.
Extracted statement — Recruitment: Screening
Research field: Software Engineering
Title: From scenario modeling to scenario programming for reactive systems with dynamic topology
Abstract: Software-intensive systems often consist of cooperating reactive components. In mobile and reconfigurable systems, their topology changes at run-time, which influences how the components must cooperate. The Scenario Modeling Language (SML) offers a formal approach for specifying the reactive behavior such systems that aligns with how humans conceive and communicate behavioral requirements. Simulation and formal checks can find specification flaws early. We present a framework for the Scenario-based Programming (SBP) that reflects the concepts of SML in Java and makes the scenario modeling approach available for programming. SBP code can also be generated from SML and extended with platform-specific code, thus streamlining the transition from design to implementation. As an example serves a car-to-x communication system. Demo video and artifact: http://scenariotools.org/esecfse-2017-tool-demo/
Extracted statement — Has application in: car-to-x
Research field: Software Engineering
Title: CrowdREquire: A Requirements Engineering Crowdsourcing Platform
Abstract: This paper describes CrowdREquire, a platform that supports requirements engineering using the crowdsourcing concept. The power of the crowd is in the diversity of talents and expertise available within the crowd and CrowdREquire specifies how requirements engineering can harness skills available in the crowd. In developing CrowdREquire, this paper designs a crowdsourcing business model and market strategy for crowdsourcing requirements engineering irrespective of the professions and areas of expertise of the crowd involved. This is also a specific application of crowdsourcing which establishes the general applicability and efficacy of crowdsourcing. The results obtained could be used as a reference for other crowdsourcing systems as well.
Extracted statement — Utilities in CrowdRE: Crowd
Research field: Software Engineering
Title: Crowdsourcing to elicit requirements for MyERP application
Abstract: Crowdsourcing is an emerging method to collect requirements for software systems. Applications seeking global acceptance need to meet the expectations of a wide range of users. Collecting requirements and arriving at consensus with a wide range of users is difficult using traditional method of requirements elicitation. This paper presents crowdsourcing based approach for German medium-size software company MyERP that might help the company to get access to requirements from non-German customers. We present the tasks involved in the proposed solution that would help the company meet the goal of eliciting requirements at a fast pace with non-German customers.
Extracted statement — Utilities in CrowdRE: Crowd
Research field: Software Engineering
Title: Crowd-centric Requirements Engineering
Abstract: Requirements engineering is a preliminary and crucial phase for the correctness and quality of software systems. Despite the agreement on the positive correlation between user involvement in requirements engineering and software success, current development methods employ a too narrow concept of that user and rely on a recruited set of users considered to be representative. Such approaches might not cater for the diversity and dynamism of the actual users and the context of software usage. This is especially true in new paradigms such as cloud and mobile computing. To overcome these limitations, we propose crowd-centric requirements engineering (CCRE) as a revised method for requirements engineering where users become primary contributors, resulting in higher-quality requirements and increased user satisfaction. CCRE relies on crowd sourcing to support a broader user involvement, and on gamification to motivate that voluntary involvement.
Extracted statement — Utilities in CrowdRE: Crowd
Research field: Software Engineering
Title: The Crowd in Requirements Engineering: The Landscape and Challenges
Abstract: Crowd-based requirements engineering (CrowdRE) could significantly change RE. Performing RE activities such as elicitation with the crowd of stakeholders turns RE into a participatory effort, leads to more accurate requirements, and ultimately boosts software quality. Although any stakeholder in the crowd can contribute, CrowdRE emphasizes one stakeholder group whose role is often trivialized: users. CrowdRE empowers the management of requirements, such as their prioritization and segmentation, in a dynamic, evolved style through collecting and harnessing a continuous flow of user feedback and monitoring data on the usage context. To analyze the large amount of data obtained from the crowd, automated approaches are key. This article presents current research topics in CrowdRE; discusses the benefits, challenges, and lessons learned from projects and experiments; and assesses how to apply the methods and tools in industrial contexts. This article is part of a special issue on Crowdsourcing for Software Engineering.
Extracted statement — Utilities in CrowdRE: Crowd
Research field: Software Engineering
Title: Providing a User Forum is not enough: First Experiences of a Software Company with CrowdRE
Abstract: Crowd-based requirements engineering (CrowdRE) is promising to derive requirements by gathering and analyzing information from the crowd. Setting up CrowdRE in practice seems challenging, although first solutions to support CrowdRE exist. In this paper, we report on a German software company's experience on crowd involvement by using feedback communication channels and a monitoring solution for user-event data. In our case study, we identified several problem areas that a software company is confronted with to setup an environment for gathering requirements from the crowd. We conclude that a CrowdRE process cannot be implemented ad-hoc and that future work is needed to create and analyze a continuous feedback and monitoring data stream.
Extracted statement — Utilities in CrowdRE: Crowd
Research field: Software Engineering
Title: Crowd Out the Competition
Abstract: MyERP is a fictional developer of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. Driven by the competition, they face the challenge of losing market share if they fail to de-ploy a Software as a Service (SaaS) ERP system to the European market quickly, but with high quality product. This also means that the requirements engineering (RE) activities will have to be performed efficiently and provide solid results. An additional problem they face is that their (potential) stakeholders are phys-ically distributed, it makes sense to consider them a "crowd". This competition paper suggests a Crowd-based RE approach that first identifies the crowd, then collects and analyzes their feedback to derive wishes and needs, and validate the results through prototyping. For this, techniques are introduced that have so far been rarely employed within RE, but more "traditional" RE techniques, will also be integrated and/or adapted to attain the best possible result in the case of MyERP.
Extracted statement — Utilities in CrowdRE: Crowd
Research field: Software Engineering
Title: Using the crowds to satisfy unbounded requirements
Abstract: The Internet is a social space that is shaped by humans through the development of websites, the release of web services, the collaborative creation of encyclopedias and forums, the exchange of information through social networks, the provision of work through crowdsourcing platforms, etc. This landscape offers novel possibilities for software systems to satisfy their requirements, e.g., by retrieving and aggregating the information from Internet websites as well as by crowdsourcing the execution of certain functions. In this paper, we present a special type of functional requirements (called unbounded) that is not fully satisfiable and whose satisfaction is increased by gathering evidence from multiple sources. In addition to charac- terizing unbounded requirements, we explain how to maximize their satisfaction by asking and by combining opinions of mul- tiple sources: people, services, information, and algorithms. We provide evidence of the existence of these requirements through examples by studying a modern Web application (Spotify) and from a traditional system (Microsoft Word).
Extracted statement — Utilities in CrowdRE: Crowd
Research field: Software Engineering
Title: CRAFT: A Crowd-Annotated Feedback Technique
Abstract: The ever increasing accessibility of the web for the crowd offered by various electronic devices such as smartphones has facilitated the communication of the needs, ideas, and wishes of millions of stakeholders. To cater for the scale of this input and reduce the overhead of manual elicitation methods, data mining and text mining techniques have been utilised to automatically capture and categorise this stream of feedback, which is also used, amongst other things, by stakeholders to communicate their requirements to software developers. Such techniques, however, fall short of identifying some of the peculiarities and idiosyncrasies of the natural language that people use colloquially. This paper proposes CRAFT, a technique that utilises the power of the crowd to support richer, more powerful text mining by enabling the crowd to categorise and annotate feedback through a context menu. This, in turn, helps requirements engineers to better identify user requirements within such feedback. This paper presents the theoretical foundations as well as the initial evaluation of this crowd-based feedback annotation technique for requirements identification.
Extracted statement — Utilities in CrowdRE: Crowd