Moussab/ORKG-training-evaluation-set huggingface dataset:
Research field: Science
Title: Estimating contemporary early life-history dispersal in an estuarine fish: integrating molecular and otolith elemental approaches
Abstract: Dispersal during the early life history of the anadromous rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, was examined using assignment testing and mixture analysis of multilocus genotypes and otolith elemental composition. Six spawning areas and associated estuarine nurseries were sampled throughout southeastern Newfoundland. Samples of adults and juveniles isolated by > 25 km displayed moderate genetic differentiation (FST ~ 0.05), whereas nearby (< 25 km) spawning and nursery samples displayed low differentiation (FST < 0.01). Self‐assignment and mixture analysis of adult spawning samples supported the hypothesis of independence of isolated spawning locations (> 80% self‐assignment) with nearby runs self‐assigning at rates between 50 % and 70%. Assignment and mixture analysis of juveniles using adult baselines indicated high local recruitment at several locations (70–90%). Nearby (< 25 km) estuaries at the head of St Mary's Bay showed mixtures of individuals (i.e. 20–40% assignment to adjacent spawning location). Laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry transects across otoliths of spawning adults of unknown dispersal history were used to estimate dispersal among estuaries across the first year of life. Single‐element trends and multivariate discriminant function analysis (Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca) classified the majority of samples as estuarine suggesting limited movement between estuaries (< 0.5%). The mixtures of juveniles evident in the genetic data at nearby sites and a lack of evidence of straying in the otolith data support a hypothesis of selective mortality of immigrants. If indeed selective mortality of immigrants reduces the survivorship of dispersers, estimates of dispersal in marine environments that neglect survival may significantly overestimate gene flow.
Extracted statement — Species Order: Osmerus mordax
Research field: Science
Title: Fleet Size and Mix Optimization for Paratransit Services
Abstract: Most paratransit agencies use a mix of different types of vehicles ranging from small sedans to large converted vans as a cost-effective way to meet the diverse travel needs and seating requirements of their clients. Currently, decisions on what types of vehicles and how many vehicles to use are mostly made by service managers on an ad hoc basis without much systematic analysis and optimization. The objective of this research is to address the underlying fleet size and mix problem and to develop a practical procedure that can be used to determine the optimal fleet mix for a given application. A real-life example illustrates the relationship between the performance of a paratransit service system and the size of its service vehicles. A heuristic procedure identifies the optimal fleet mix that maximizes the operating efficiency of a service system. A set of recommendations is offered for future research; the most important is the need to incorporate a life-cycle cost framework into the paratransit service planning process.
Extracted statement — Industry: Paratransit service
Research field: Science
Title: A patchwork model for evolutionary algorithms with structure and variable size populations
Abstract: The paper investigates a new PATCHWORK model for structured population in evolutionary search, where population size may vary. This model allows control of both population diversity and selective pressure, and its operators are local in scope. Moreover, the PATCHWORK model gives a significant flexibility for introducing many additional concepts, like behavioral rules for individuals. First experiments allowed us to observe some interesting patterns which emerged during evolutionary process.
Extracted statement — Name: Patchwork model
Research field: Science
Title: Schedule Design and Container Routing in Liner Shipping
Abstract: A liner shipping company seeks to provide liner services with shorter transit time compared with the benchmark of market-level transit time because of the ever-increasing competition. When the itineraries of its liner service routes are determined, the liner shipping company designs the schedules of the liner routes such that the wait time at transshipment ports is minimized. As a result of transshipment, multiple paths are available for delivering containers from the origin port to the destination port. Therefore, the medium-term (3 to 6 months) schedule design problem and the operational-level container-routing problem must be investigated simultaneously. The schedule design and container-routing problems were formulated by minimization of the sum of the total transshipment cost and penalty cost associated with longer transit time than the market-level transit time, minus the bonus for shorter transit time. The formulation is nonlinear, noncontinuous, and nonconvex. A genetic local search approach was developed to find good solutions to the problem. The proposed solution method was applied to optimize the Asia–Europe–Oceania liner shipping services of a global liner company.
Extracted statement — emarkable factor: Penalty cost
Research field: Science
Title: DNA methylation and embryogenic compe- tence in leaves and callus of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum
Abstract: Quantitative and qualitative levels of DNA methylation were evaluated in leaves and callus of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. The level of methylation did not change during leaf differentiation or aging and similar levels of methylation were found in embryogenic and nonembryogenic callus.
Extracted statement — Sp: Pennisetum purpureum
Research field: Science
Title: Identifying the factors influencing the performance of reverse supply chains (RSC)
Abstract: This paper aims to extract the factors influencing the performance of reverse supply chains (RSCs) based on the structure equation model (SEM). We first introduce the definition of RSC and describe its current status and follow this with a literature review of previous RSC studies and the technology acceptance model . We next develop our research model and 11 hypotheses and then use SEM to test our model and identify those factors that actually influence the success of RSC. Next, we use both questionnaire and web‐based methods to survey five companies which have RSC operation experience in China and Korea. Using the 168 responses, we used measurement modeling test and SEM to validate our proposed hypotheses. As a result, nine hypotheses were accepted while two were rejected. We found that ease of use, perceived usefulness, service quality, channel relationship and RSC cost were the five most important factors which influence the success of RSC. Finally, we conclude by highlighting our research contribution and propose future research.
Extracted statement — Critical success factors: perceived usefulness
Research field: Science
Title: The prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions in permanent dentition
Abstract: A non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL) is the loss of hard dental tissue on the neck of the tooth, most frequently located on the vestibular plane. Causal agents are diverse and mutually interrelated. In the present study all vestibular NCCL were observed and recorded by the tooth wear index (TWI). The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of NCCL. For this purpose, 18555 teeth from the permanent dentition were examined in a population from the city of Rijeka, Croatia. Subjects were divided into six age groups. The teeth with most NCCL were the lower premolars, which also had the largest percentage of higher index levels, indicating the greater severity of the lesions. The most frequent index level was 1, and the prevalence and severity of the lesions increased with age.
Extracted statement — Study population: Permanent dentition
Research field: Science
Title: An empirical study on the impact of critical success factors on the balanced scorecard performance in Korean green supply chain management enterprises
Abstract: Rapid industrial modernisation and economic reform have been features of the Korean economy since the 1990s, and have brought with it substantial environmental problems. In response to these problems, the Korean government has been developing approaches to promote cleaner production technologies. Green supply chain management (GSCM) is emerging to be an important approach for Korean enterprises to improve performance. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of GSCM CSFs (critical success factors) on the BSC (balanced scorecard) performance by the structural equation modelling, using empirical results from 249 enterprise respondents involved in national GSCM business in Korea. Planning and implementation was a dominant antecedent factor in this study, followed by collaboration with partners and integration of infrastructure. However, activation of support was a negative impact to the finance performance, raising the costs and burdens. It was found out that there were important implications in the implementation of GSCM.
Extracted statement — Critical success factors: planning and implementation
Research field: Science
Title: Online prediction of polymer product quality in an industrial reactor using recurrent neural networks
Abstract: In this paper, internally recurrent neural networks (IRNN) are used to predict a key polymer product quality variable from an industrial polymerization reactor. IRNN are selected as the modeling tools for two reasons: 1) over the wide range of operating regions required to make multiple polymer grades, the process is highly nonlinear; and 2) the finishing of the polymer product after it leaves the reactor imparts significant dynamics to the process by "mixing" effects. IRNN are shown to be very effective tools for predicting key polymer quality variables from secondary measurements taken around the reactor.
Extracted statement — Objective/estimate(s) process systems: Polymer product quality
Research field: Science
Title: The prevalence of dental erosion in preschool children in China
Abstract: 00-5712/$ see front matter q 200 i:10.1016/j.jdent.2004.08.007 * Corresponding author. Tel.: C44 7 5 1282. E-mail address: r.bedi@eastman.uc Summary Objective. To describe the prevalence of dental erosion and associated factors in preschool children in Guangxi and Hubei provinces of China. Methods. Dental examinations were carried out on 1949 children aged 3–5 years. Measurement of erosion was confined to primary maxillary incisors. The erosion index used was based upon the 1993 UK National Survey of Children’s Dental Health. The children’s general information as well as social background and dietary habits were collected based on a structured questionnaire. Results. A total of 112 children (5.7%) showed erosion on their maxillary incisors. Ninety-five (4.9%) was scored as being confined to enamel and 17 (0.9%) as erosion extending into dentine or pulp. There was a positive association between erosion and social class in terms of parental education. A significantly higher prevalence of erosion was observed in children whose parents had post-secondary education than those whose parents had secondary or lower level of education. There was also a correlation between the presence of dental erosion and intake of fruit drink from a feeding bottle or consumption of fruit drinks at bedtime. Conclusion. Erosion is not a serious problem for dental heath in Chinese preschool children. The prevalence of erosion is associated with social and dietary factors in this sample of children. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Extracted statement — Study population: Preschool children
Research field: Science
Title: Erosion, caries and rampant caries in preschool children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Abstract: OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental erosion in preschool children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and to relate this to caries and rampant caries in the same children. METHODS A sample of 987 children (2-5 years) was drawn from 17 kindergartens. Clinical examinations were carried out under standardised conditions by a trained and calibrated examiner (M.Al-M.). Measurement of erosion was confined to primary maxillary incisors and used a scoring system and criteria based on those used in the UK National Survey of Child Dental Health. Caries was diagnosed using BASCD criteria. Rampant caries was defined as caries affecting the smooth surfaces of two or more maxillary incisors. RESULTS Of the 987 children, 309 (31%) had evidence of erosion. For 186 children this was confined to enamel but for 123 it involved dentine and/or pulp. Caries were diagnosed in 720 (73%) of the children and rampant caries in 336 (34%). The mean dmft for the 987 children was 4.80 (+/-4.87). Of the 384 children who had caries but not rampant caries, 141 (37%) had erosion, a significantly higher proportion than the 72 (27%) out of 267 who were clinically caries free (SND=2.61, P<0.01). Of the 336 with rampant caries, 96 (29%) also had evidence of erosion. CONCLUSIONS The level of erosion was similar to that seen in children of an equivalent age in the UK. Caries was a risk factor for erosion in this group of children.
Extracted statement — Study population: Preschool children
Research field: Science
Title: Using artificial neural network to predict the pressure drop in a rotating packed bed
Abstract: Although rotating beds are good equipments for intensified separations and multiphase reactions, but the fundamentals of its hydrodynamics are still unknown. In the wide range of operating conditions, the pressure drop across an irrigated bed is significantly lower than dry bed. In this regard, an approach based on artificial intelligence, that is, artificial neural network (ANN) has been proposed for prediction of the pressure drop across the rotating packed beds (RPB). The experimental data sets used as input data (280 data points) were divided into training and testing subsets. The training data set has been used to develop the ANN model while the testing data set was used to validate the performance of the trained ANN model. The results of the predicted pressure drop values with the experimental values show a good agreement between the prediction and experimental results regarding to some statistical parameters, for example (AARD% = 4.70, MSE = 2.0 × 10−5 and R2 = 0.9994). The designed ANN model can estimate the pressure drop in the countercurrent flow rotating packed bed with unexpected phenomena for higher pressure drop in dry bed than in wet bed. Also, the designed ANN model has been able to predict the pressure drop in a wet bed with the good accuracy with experimental.
Extracted statement — Objective/estimate(s) process systems: Pressure drop
Research field: Science
Title: Dental erosion in 12-year-old schoolchildren: A cross- sectional study in Southern Brazil
Abstract: OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of dental erosion among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Joaçaba, southern Brazil, and to compare prevalence between boys and girls, and between public and private school students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out involving all of the municipality's 499, 12-year-old schoolchildren. The dental erosion index proposed by O'Sullivan was used for the four maxillary incisors. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, location, distribution, and extension of affected area and severity of dental erosion. RESULTS The prevalence of dental erosion was 13.0% (95% confidence interval = 9.0-17.0). There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence between boys and girls, but prevalence was higher in private schools (21.1%) than in public schools (9.7%) (P < 0.001). Labial surfaces were less often affected than palatal surfaces. Enamel loss was the most prevalent type of dental erosion (4.86 of 100 incisors). Sixty-three per cent of affected teeth showed more than a half of their surface affected. CONCLUSION The prevalence of dental erosion in 12-year-old schoolchildren living in a small city in southern Brazil appears to be lower than that seen in most of epidemiological studies carried out in different parts of the world. Further longitudinal studies should be conducted in Brazil in order to measure the incidence of dental erosion and its impact on children's quality of life.
Extracted statement — Aim of the study: Prevalence of dental erosion
Research field: Science
Title: The prevalence of dental erosion in preschool children in China
Abstract: 00-5712/$ see front matter q 200 i:10.1016/j.jdent.2004.08.007 * Corresponding author. Tel.: C44 7 5 1282. E-mail address: r.bedi@eastman.uc Summary Objective. To describe the prevalence of dental erosion and associated factors in preschool children in Guangxi and Hubei provinces of China. Methods. Dental examinations were carried out on 1949 children aged 3–5 years. Measurement of erosion was confined to primary maxillary incisors. The erosion index used was based upon the 1993 UK National Survey of Children’s Dental Health. The children’s general information as well as social background and dietary habits were collected based on a structured questionnaire. Results. A total of 112 children (5.7%) showed erosion on their maxillary incisors. Ninety-five (4.9%) was scored as being confined to enamel and 17 (0.9%) as erosion extending into dentine or pulp. There was a positive association between erosion and social class in terms of parental education. A significantly higher prevalence of erosion was observed in children whose parents had post-secondary education than those whose parents had secondary or lower level of education. There was also a correlation between the presence of dental erosion and intake of fruit drink from a feeding bottle or consumption of fruit drinks at bedtime. Conclusion. Erosion is not a serious problem for dental heath in Chinese preschool children. The prevalence of erosion is associated with social and dietary factors in this sample of children. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Extracted statement — Aim of the study: Prevalence of dental erosion
Research field: Science
Title: A study of supplier selection factors for high-tech industries in the supply chain
Abstract: Amid the intensive competition among global industries, the relationship between manufacturers and suppliers has turned from antagonist to cooperative. Through partnerships, both parties can be mutually benefited, and the key factor that maintains such relationship lies in how manufacturers select proper suppliers. The purpose of this study is to explore the key factors considered by manufacturers in supplier selection and the relationships between these factors. Through a literature review, eight supplier selection factors, comprising price response capability, quality management capability, technological capability, delivery capability, flexible capability, management capability, commercial image, and financial capability are derived. Based on the theoretic foundation proposed by previous researchers, a causal model of supplier selection factors is further constructed. The results of a survey on high-tech industries are used to verify the relationships between the eight factors using structural equation modelling (SEM). Based on the empirical results, conclusions and suggestions are finally proposed as a reference for manufacturers and suppliers.
Extracted statement — Critical success factors: Price response capability
Research field: Science
Title: A robust eye localization method for low quality face images
Abstract: Eye localization is an important part in face recognition system, because its precision closely affects the performance of face recognition. Although various methods have already achieved high precision on the face images with high quality, their precision will drop on low quality images. In this paper, we propose a robust eye localization method for low quality face images to improve the eye detection rate and localization precision. First, we propose a probabilistic cascade (P-Cascade) framework, in which we reformulate the traditional cascade classifier in a probabilistic way. The P-Cascade can give chance to each image patch contributing to the final result, regardless the patch is accepted or rejected by the cascade. Second, we propose two extensions to further improve the robustness and precision in the P-Cascade framework. There are: (1) extending feature set, and (2) stacking two classifiers in multiple scales. Extensive experiments on JAFFE, BioID, LFW and a self-collected video surveillance database show that our method is comparable to state-of-the-art methods on high quality images and can work well on low quality images. This work supplies a solid base for face recognition applications under unconstrained or surveillance environments.
Extracted statement — Methods: Probabilistic Cascade
Research field: Science
Title: A robust eye localization method for low quality face images
Abstract: Eye localization is an important part in face recognition system, because its precision closely affects the performance of face recognition. Although various methods have already achieved high precision on the face images with high quality, their precision will drop on low quality images. In this paper, we propose a robust eye localization method for low quality face images to improve the eye detection rate and localization precision. First, we propose a probabilistic cascade (P-Cascade) framework, in which we reformulate the traditional cascade classifier in a probabilistic way. The P-Cascade can give chance to each image patch contributing to the final result, regardless the patch is accepted or rejected by the cascade. Second, we propose two extensions to further improve the robustness and precision in the P-Cascade framework. There are: (1) extending feature set, and (2) stacking two classifiers in multiple scales. Extensive experiments on JAFFE, BioID, LFW and a self-collected video surveillance database show that our method is comparable to state-of-the-art methods on high quality images and can work well on low quality images. This work supplies a solid base for face recognition applications under unconstrained or surveillance environments.
Extracted statement — Methods: Probabilistic cascade
Research field: Science
Title: Composition estimations in a middle-vessel batch distillation column using artificial neural networks
Abstract: A virtual sensor that estimates product compositions in a middle-vessel batch distillation column has been developed. The sensor is based on a recurrent artificial neural network, and uses information available from secondary measurements (such as temperatures and flow rates). The criteria adopted for selecting the most suitable training data set and the benefits deriving from pre-processing these data by means of principal component analysis are demonstrated by simulation. The effects of sensor location, model initialization, and noisy temperature measurements on the performance of the soft sensor are also investigated. It is shown that the estimated compositions are in good agreement with the actual values.
Extracted statement — Objective/estimate(s) process systems: Product compositions