Moussab/ORKG-training-evaluation-set huggingface dataset:
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Material: modern information and communication technologies
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Process: Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Material: Our project
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Material: our relational process model
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Data: participants, tasks and building data
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Data: the m odel
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Process: The planning process
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Material: the project leader
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Data: the structural consistency and correctness
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Material: the tool
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Material: these technologies
Research field: Climate
Title: Emergent constraints on transient climate response  (TCR) and equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) from historical warming in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models
Abstract: Abstract. Climate sensitivity to CO2 remains the key uncertainty in projections of future climate change. Transient climate response (TCR) is the metric of temperature sensitivity that is most relevant to warming in the next few decades and contributes the biggest uncertainty to estimates of the carbon budgets consistent with the Paris targets. Equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is vital for understanding longer-term climate change and stabilisation targets. In the IPCC 5th Assessment Report (AR5), the stated “likely” ranges (16 %–84 % confidence) of TCR (1.0–2.5 K) and ECS (1.5–4.5 K) were broadly consistent with the ensemble of CMIP5 Earth system models (ESMs) available at the time. However, many of the latest CMIP6 ESMs have larger climate sensitivities, with 5 of 34 models having TCR values above 2.5 K and an ensemble mean TCR of 2.0±0.4 K. Even starker, 12 of 34 models have an ECS value above 4.5 K. On the face of it, these latest ESM results suggest that the IPCC likely ranges may need revising upwards, which would cast further doubt on the feasibility of the Paris targets. Here we show that rather than increasing the uncertainty in climate sensitivity, the CMIP6 models help to constrain the likely range of TCR to 1.3–2.1 K, with a central estimate of 1.68 K. We reach this conclusion through an emergent constraint approach which relates the value of TCR linearly to the global warming from 1975 onwards. This is a period when the signal-to-noise ratio of the net radiative forcing increases strongly, so that uncertainties in aerosol forcing become progressively less problematic. We find a consistent emergent constraint on TCR when we apply the same method to CMIP5 models. Our constraints on TCR are in good agreement with other recent studies which analysed CMIP ensembles. The relationship between ECS and the post-1975 warming trend is less direct and also non-linear. However, we are able to derive a likely range of ECS of 1.9–3.4 K from the CMIP6 models by assuming an underlying emergent relationship based on a two-box energy balance model. Despite some methodological differences; this is consistent with a previously published ECS constraint derived from warming trends in CMIP5 models to 2005. Our results seem to be part of a growing consensus amongst studies that have applied the emergent constraint approach to different model ensembles and to different aspects of the record of global warming.
Extracted statement — Global and annual mean surface air temperature: Climate response
Research field: Climate
Title: Emergent constraints on transient climate response  (TCR) and equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) from historical warming in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models
Abstract: Abstract. Climate sensitivity to CO2 remains the key uncertainty in projections of future climate change. Transient climate response (TCR) is the metric of temperature sensitivity that is most relevant to warming in the next few decades and contributes the biggest uncertainty to estimates of the carbon budgets consistent with the Paris targets. Equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is vital for understanding longer-term climate change and stabilisation targets. In the IPCC 5th Assessment Report (AR5), the stated “likely” ranges (16 %–84 % confidence) of TCR (1.0–2.5 K) and ECS (1.5–4.5 K) were broadly consistent with the ensemble of CMIP5 Earth system models (ESMs) available at the time. However, many of the latest CMIP6 ESMs have larger climate sensitivities, with 5 of 34 models having TCR values above 2.5 K and an ensemble mean TCR of 2.0±0.4 K. Even starker, 12 of 34 models have an ECS value above 4.5 K. On the face of it, these latest ESM results suggest that the IPCC likely ranges may need revising upwards, which would cast further doubt on the feasibility of the Paris targets. Here we show that rather than increasing the uncertainty in climate sensitivity, the CMIP6 models help to constrain the likely range of TCR to 1.3–2.1 K, with a central estimate of 1.68 K. We reach this conclusion through an emergent constraint approach which relates the value of TCR linearly to the global warming from 1975 onwards. This is a period when the signal-to-noise ratio of the net radiative forcing increases strongly, so that uncertainties in aerosol forcing become progressively less problematic. We find a consistent emergent constraint on TCR when we apply the same method to CMIP5 models. Our constraints on TCR are in good agreement with other recent studies which analysed CMIP ensembles. The relationship between ECS and the post-1975 warming trend is less direct and also non-linear. However, we are able to derive a likely range of ECS of 1.9–3.4 K from the CMIP6 models by assuming an underlying emergent relationship based on a two-box energy balance model. Despite some methodological differences; this is consistent with a previously published ECS constraint derived from warming trends in CMIP5 models to 2005. Our results seem to be part of a growing consensus amongst studies that have applied the emergent constraint approach to different model ensembles and to different aspects of the record of global warming.
Extracted statement — Global and annual mean surface air temperature: Climate sensitivity
Research field: Cognition and Perception
Title: Do Animals Engage Greater Social Attention in Autism? An Eye Tracking Analysis
Abstract: Background Visual atypicalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are a well documented phenomenon, beginning as early as 2–6 months of age and manifesting in a significantly decreased attention to the eyes, direct gaze and socially salient information. Early emerging neurobiological deficits in perceiving social stimuli as rewarding or its active avoidance due to the anxiety it entails have been widely purported as potential reasons for this atypicality. Parallel research evidence also points to the significant benefits of animal presence for reducing social anxiety and enhancing social interaction in children with autism. While atypicality in social attention in ASD has been widely substantiated, whether this atypicality persists equally across species types or is confined to humans has not been a key focus of research insofar. Methods We attempted a comprehensive examination of the differences in visual attention to static images of human and animal faces (40 images; 20 human faces and 20 animal faces) among children with ASD using an eye tracking paradigm. 44 children (ASD n = 21; TD n = 23) participated in the study (10,362 valid observations) across five regions of interest (left eye, right eye, eye region, face and screen). Results Results obtained revealed significantly greater social attention across human and animal stimuli in typical controls when compared to children with ASD. However in children with ASD, a significantly greater attention allocation was seen to animal faces and eye region and lesser attention to the animal mouth when compared to human faces, indicative of a clear attentional preference to socially salient regions of animal stimuli. The positive attentional bias toward animals was also seen in terms of a significantly greater visual attention to direct gaze in animal images. Conclusion Our results suggest the possibility that atypicalities in social attention in ASD may not be uniform across species. It adds to the current neural and biomarker evidence base of the potentially greater social reward processing and lesser social anxiety underlying animal stimuli as compared to human stimuli in children with ASD.
Extracted statement — Process: autism spectrum disorder
Research field: Cognition and Perception
Title: Do Animals Engage Greater Social Attention in Autism? An Eye Tracking Analysis
Abstract: Background Visual atypicalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are a well documented phenomenon, beginning as early as 2–6 months of age and manifesting in a significantly decreased attention to the eyes, direct gaze and socially salient information. Early emerging neurobiological deficits in perceiving social stimuli as rewarding or its active avoidance due to the anxiety it entails have been widely purported as potential reasons for this atypicality. Parallel research evidence also points to the significant benefits of animal presence for reducing social anxiety and enhancing social interaction in children with autism. While atypicality in social attention in ASD has been widely substantiated, whether this atypicality persists equally across species types or is confined to humans has not been a key focus of research insofar. Methods We attempted a comprehensive examination of the differences in visual attention to static images of human and animal faces (40 images; 20 human faces and 20 animal faces) among children with ASD using an eye tracking paradigm. 44 children (ASD n = 21; TD n = 23) participated in the study (10,362 valid observations) across five regions of interest (left eye, right eye, eye region, face and screen). Results Results obtained revealed significantly greater social attention across human and animal stimuli in typical controls when compared to children with ASD. However in children with ASD, a significantly greater attention allocation was seen to animal faces and eye region and lesser attention to the animal mouth when compared to human faces, indicative of a clear attentional preference to socially salient regions of animal stimuli. The positive attentional bias toward animals was also seen in terms of a significantly greater visual attention to direct gaze in animal images. Conclusion Our results suggest the possibility that atypicalities in social attention in ASD may not be uniform across species. It adds to the current neural and biomarker evidence base of the potentially greater social reward processing and lesser social anxiety underlying animal stimuli as compared to human stimuli in children with ASD.
Extracted statement — Method: eye tracking