Moussab/ORKG-training-evaluation-set huggingface dataset:
Research field: Natural Language Processing
Title: Overview of the Cancer Genetics (CG) task of BioNLP Shared Task 2013
Abstract: We present the design, preparation, results and analysis of the Cancer Genetics (CG) event extraction task, a main task of the BioNLP Shared Task (ST) 2013. The CG task is an information extraction task targeting the recognition of events in text, represented as structured n-ary associations of given physical entities. In addition to addressing the cancer domain, the CG task is differentiated from previous event extraction tasks in the BioNLP ST series in addressing a wide range of pathological processes and multiple levels of biological organization, ranging from the molecular through the cellular and organ levels up to whole organisms. Final test set submissions were accepted from six teams. The highest-performing system achieved an Fscore of 55.4%. This level of performance is broadly comparable with the state of the art for established molecular-level extraction tasks, demonstrating that event extraction resources and methods generalize well to higher levels of biological organization and are applicable to the analysis of scientific texts on cancer. The CG task continues as an open challenge to all interested parties, with tools and resources available from http://2013. bionlp-st.org/.
Extracted statement — Event types: Pathological
Research field: Natural Language Processing
Title: Question Answering Benchmarks for Wikidata
Abstract: Wikidata is becoming an increasingly important knowledge base whose usage is spreading in the research community. However, most question answering systems evaluation datasets rely on Freebase or DBpedia. We present two new datasets in order to train and benchmark QA systems over Wikidata. The first is a translation of the popular SimpleQuestions dataset to Wikidata, the second is a dataset created by collecting user feedbacks.
Extracted statement — Question Types: Simple
Research field: Natural Language Processing
Title: SemEval-2020 Task 3: Graded Word Similarity in Context
Abstract: This paper presents the Graded Word Similarity in Context (GWSC) task which asked participants to predict the effects of context on human perception of similarity in English, Croatian, Slovene and Finnish. We received 15 submissions and 11 system description papers. A new dataset (CoSimLex) was created for evaluation in this task: it contains pairs of words, each annotated within two different contexts. Systems beat the baselines by significant margins, but few did well in more than one language or subtask. Almost every system employed a Transformer model, but with many variations in the details: WordNet sense embeddings, translation of contexts, TF-IDF weightings, and the automatic creation of datasets for fine-tuning were all used to good effect.
Extracted statement — Language: Slovene
Research field: Nutritional Epidemiology
Title: Association between dietary patterns and overweight risk among Malaysian adults: evidence from nationally representative surveys
Abstract: Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between dietary patterns (DP) and overweight risk in the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Surveys (MANS) of 2003 and 2014. Design: DP were derived from the MANS FFQ using principal component analysis. The cross-sectional association of the derived DP with prevalence of overweight was analysed. Setting: Malaysia. Participants: Nationally representative sample of Malaysian adults from MANS (2003, n 6928; 2014, n 3000). Results: Three major DP were identified for both years. These were ‘Traditional’ (fish, eggs, local cakes), ‘Western’ (fast foods, meat, carbonated beverages) and ‘Mixed’ (ready-to-eat cereals, bread, vegetables). A fourth DP was generated in 2003, ‘Flatbread & Beverages’ (flatbread, creamer, malted beverages), and 2014, ‘Noodles & Meat’ (noodles, meat, eggs). These DP accounted for 25·6 and 26·6 % of DP variations in 2003 and 2014, respectively. For both years, Traditional DP was significantly associated with rural households, lower income, men and Malay ethnicity, while Western DP was associated with younger age and higher income. Mixed DP was positively associated with women and higher income. None of the DP showed positive association with overweight risk, except for reduced adjusted odds of overweight with adherence to Traditional DP in 2003. Conclusions: Overweight could not be attributed to adherence to a single dietary pattern among Malaysian adults. This may be due to the constantly morphing dietary landscape in Malaysia, especially in urban areas, given the ease of availability and relative affordability of multi-ethnic and international foods. Timely surveys are recommended to monitor implications of these changes.
Extracted statement — Study design : Cross-sectional
Research field: Nutritional Epidemiology
Title: Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This study systematised and synthesised the results of observational studies that were aimed at supporting the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors among adolescents. Relevant scientific articles were searched in PUBMED, EMBASE, SCIENCE DIRECT, LILACS, WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS. Observational studies that included the measurement of any CMR factor in healthy adolescents and dietary patterns were included. The search strategy retained nineteen articles for qualitative analysis. Among retained articles, the effects of dietary pattern on the means of BMI (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> 18), waist circumference (WC) (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> 9), systolic blood pressure (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> 7), diastolic blood pressure (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> 6), blood glucose (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> 5) and lipid profile (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> 5) were examined. Systematised evidence showed that an unhealthy dietary pattern appears to be associated with poor mean values of CMR factors among adolescents. However, evidence of a protective effect of healthier dietary patterns in this group remains unclear. Considering the number of studies with available information, a meta-analysis of anthropometric measures showed that dietary patterns characterised by the highest intake of unhealthy foods resulted in a higher mean BMI (0·57 kg/m²; 95 % CI 0·51, 0·63) and WC (0·57 cm; 95 % CI 0·47, 0·67) compared with low intake of unhealthy foods. Controversially, patterns characterised by a low intake of healthy foods were associated with a lower mean BMI (−0·41 kg/m²; 95 % CI −0·46,−0·36) and WC (−0·43 cm; 95 % CI −0·52,−0·33). An unhealthy dietary pattern may influence markers of CMR among adolescents, but considering the small number and limitations of the studies included, further studies are warranted to strengthen the evidence of this relation.</jats:p>
Extracted statement — Study design : Meta-analysis
Research field: Organic Chemistry
Title: Effect of Pt treated fullerene/TiO2 on the photocatalytic degradation of MO under visible light
Abstract: Platinum treated fullerene/TiO2 composites (Pt-fullerene/TiO2) were prepared using a sol–gel method. The composite obtained was characterized by FT-IR, BET surface area measurements, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis analysis. A methyl orange (MO) solution under visible light irradiation was used to determine the photocatalytic activity. Excellent photocatalytic degradation of a MO solution was observed using the Pt-TiO2, fullerene-TiO2 and Pt-fullerene/TiO2 composites under visible light. An increase in photocatalytic activity was observed and Pt-fullerene/TiO2 has the best photocatalytic activity, which may be attributable to increase of the photo-absorption effect by the fullerene and the cooperative effect of the Pt.
Extracted statement — Incident light: Visible
Research field: Physical Chemistry
Title: Continuous Symmetry Breaking Induced by Ion Pairing Effect in Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes: Beyond the Cyanine Limit
Abstract: The association of heptamethine cyanine cation 1(+) with various counterions A (A = Br(-), I(-), PF(6)(-), SbF(6)(-), B(C(6)F(5))(4)(-), TRISPHAT) was realized. The six different ion pairs have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, and their absorption properties were studied in polar (DCM) and apolar (toluene) solvents. A small, hard anion (Br(-)) is able to strongly polarize the polymethine chain, resulting in the stabilization of an asymmetric dipolar-like structure in the crystal and in nondissociating solvents. On the contrary, in more polar solvents or when it is associated with a bulky soft anion (TRISPHAT or B(C(6)F(5))(4)(-)), the same cyanine dye adopts preferentially the ideal polymethine state. The solid-state and solution absorption properties of heptamethine dyes are therefore strongly correlated to the nature of the counterion.
Extracted statement — Counterion interaction in Toluene: Associated
Research field: Plasma and Beam Physics
Title: Stark-profile calculations for Lyman-series lines of one-electron ions in dense plasmas
Abstract: The frequency distributions of the first six Lyman lines of hydrogen-like carbon, oxygen, neon, magnesium, aluminum, and silicon ions broadened by the local fields of both ions and electrons are calculated for dense plasmas. The electron collisions are treated by an impact theory allowing (approximately) for level splittings caused by the ion fields, finite duration of the collisions, and screening of the electron fields. Ion effects are calculated in the quasistatic, linear Stark-effect approximation, using distribution functions of Hooper and Tighe which include correlation and shielding effects. Theoretical uncertainties from the various approximations are estimated, and the scaling of the profiles with density, temperature and nuclear charge is discussed. A correction for the effects caused by low frequency field fluctuations is suggested.
Extracted statement — paper:caategory: Theoretical
Research field: Plasma and Beam Physics
Title: Line shapes of lithium-like ions emitted from plasmas
Abstract: The calculation of the spectral line broadening of lithium-like ions is presented. The motivation for these calculations is to extend present theoretical calculations to more complex atomic structures and provide further diagnostic possibilities. The profiles of Li I, Ti XX and Br XXXIII are shown as a representative sampling of the possible effects which can occur. The calculations are performed for all level 2 to level 3 and 4 transitions, with dipole-forbidden and overlapping components fully taken into account.
Extracted statement — paper:caategory: Theoretical
Research field: Plasma and Beam Physics
Title: Electron impact broadening of spectral lines in Be-like ions: quantum calculations
Abstract: We present in this paper quantum mechanical calculations for the electron impact Stark linewidths of the 2s3s–2s3p transitions for the four beryllium-like ions from N IV to Ne VII. Calculations are made in the frame of the impact approximation and intermediate coupling, taking into account fine-structure effects. A comparison between our calculations, experimental and other theoretical results, shows a good agreement. This is the first time that such a good agreement is found between quantum and experimental linewidths of highly charged ions.
Extracted statement — paper:caategory: Theoretical
Research field: Plasma and Beam Physics
Title: Relativistic quantum mechanical calculations of electron-impact broadening for spectral lines in Be-like ions
Abstract: Aims. We present relativistic quantum mechanical calculations of electron-impact broadening of the singlet and triplet transition 2s3s ← 2s3p in four Be-like ions from NIV to NeVII. Methods. In our theoretical calculations, the K-matrix and related symmetry information determined by the colliding systems are generated by the DARC codes. Results. A careful comparison between our calculations and experimental results shows good agreement. Our calculated widths of spectral lines also agree with earlier theoretical results. Our investigations provide new methods of calculating electron-impact broadening parameters for plasma diagnostics.
Extracted statement — paper:caategory: Theoretical
Research field: Polymer Chemistry
Title: Mechanical Recycling of Packaging Plastics: A Review
Abstract: The current global plastics economy is highly linear, with the exceptional performance and low carbon footprint of polymeric materials at odds with dramatic increases in plastic waste. Transitioning to a circular economy that retains plastic in its highest value condition is essential to reduce environmental impacts, promoting reduction, reuse, and recycling. Mechanical recycling is an essential tool in an environmentally and economically sustainable economy of plastics, but current mechanical recycling processes are limited by cost, degradation of mechanical properties, and inconsistent quality products. This review covers the current methods and challenges for the mechanical recycling of the five main packaging plastics: poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(vinyl chloride) through the lens of a circular economy. Their reprocessing induced degradation mechanisms are introduced and strategies to improve their recycling are discussed. Additionally, this review briefly examines approaches to improve polymer blending in mixed plastic waste streams and applications of lower quality recyclate.
Extracted statement — Method: mechanical
Research field: Science
Title: Usage and Perceptions of Agile Software Development in an Industrial Context: An Exploratory Study
Abstract: Agile development methodologies have been gaining acceptance in the mainstream software development community. While there are numerous studies of agile development in academic and educational settings, there has been little detailed reporting of the usage, penetration and success of agile methodologies in traditional, professional software development organizations. We report on the results of an empirical study conducted at Microsoft to learn about agile development and its perception by people in development, testing, and management. We found that one-third of the study respondents use agile methodologies to varying degrees, and most view it favorably due to improved communication between team members, quick releases and the increased flexibility of agile designs. The scrum variant of agile methodologies is by far the most popular at Microsoft. Our findings also indicate that developers are most worried about scaling agile to larger projects (greater than twenty members), attending too many meetings and the coordinating agile and non-agile teams.
Extracted statement — Agile
Method: Agile
Research field: Science
Title: Agile systems development and stakeholder satisfaction: a South African empirical study
Abstract: The high rate of systems development (SD) failure is often attributed to the complexity of traditional SD methodologies (e.g. Waterfall) and their inability to cope with changes brought about by today's dynamic and evolving business environment. Agile methodologies (AM) have emerged to challenge traditional SD and overcome their limitations. Yet empirical research into AM is sparse. This paper develops and tests a research model that hypothesizes the effects of five characteristics of agile systems development (iterative development; continuous integration; test-driven design; feedback; and collective ownership) on two dependent stakeholder satisfaction measures, namely stakeholder satisfaction with the development process and with the development outcome. An empirical study of 59 South African development projects (using self reported data) provided support for all hypothesized relationships and generally supports the efficacy of AM. Iteration and integration together with collective ownership have the strongest effects on the dependent satisfaction measures.
Extracted statement — Agile
Method: Agile
Research field: Science
Title: Effects of agile practices on social factors
Abstract: Programmers are living in an age of accelerated change. State of the art technology that was employed to facilitate projects a few years ago are typically obsolete today. Presently, there are requirements for higher quality software with less tolerance for errors, produced in compressed timelines with fewer people. Therefore, project success is more elusive than ever and is contingent upon many key aspects. One of the most crucial aspects is social factors. These social factors, such as knowledge sharing, motivation, and customer collaboration, can be addressed through agile practices. This paper will demonstrate two successful industrial software projects which are different in all aspects; however, both still apply agile practices to address social factors. The readers will see how agile practices in both projects were adapted to fit each unique team environment. The paper will also provide lessons learned and recommendations based on retrospective reviews and observations. These recommendations can lead to an improved chance of success in a software development project.
Extracted statement — Agile
Method: Agile
Research field: Science
Title: Understanding post-adoptive agile usage: An exploratory cross- case analysis
Abstract: The widespread adoption of agile methodologies raises the question of their continued and effective usage in organizations. An agile usage model consisting of innovation, sociological, technological, team, and organizational factors is used to inform an analysis of post-adoptive usage of agile practices in two major organizations. Analysis of the two case studies found that a methodology champion and top management support were the most important factors influencing continued usage, while innovation factors such as compatibility seemed less influential. Both horizontal and vertical usage was found to have significant impact on the effectiveness of agile usage.
Extracted statement — Agile
Method: Agile
Research field: Science
Title: The Impact of Organizational Culture on Agile Method Use
Abstract: Agile method proponents believe that organizational culture has an effect on the extent to which an agile method is used. Research into the relationship between organizational culture and information systems development methodology deployment has been explored by others using the Competing Values Framework (CVF). However this relationship has not been explored with respect to the agile development methodologies. Based on a multi-case study of nine projects we show that specific organizational culture factors correlate with effective use of an agile method. Our results contribute to the literature on organizational culture and system development methodology use.
Extracted statement — Agile
Method: Agile
Research field: Science
Title: Experience Report: The Social Nature of Agile Teams
Abstract: Agile software development is often, but not always, associated with the term dasiaproject chemistry,psila or the positive team climate that can contribute to high performance. A qualitative study involving 22 participants in agile teams sought to explore this connection, and answer the question: what aspects of agile software development are related to team cohesion? The following is a discussion of participant experiences as seen through a socio-psychological lens. It draws from social-identity theory and socio-psychological literature to explain, not only how, but why agile methodologies support teamwork and collective progress. Agile practices are shown to produce a socio-psychological environment of high-performance, with many of the practical benefits of agile practices being supported and mediated by social and personal concerns.
Extracted statement — Agile
Method: Agile
Research field: Science
Title: Chitosan as Tear Substitute: A Wetting Agent Endowed with Antimicrobial Efficacy
Abstract: A cationic biopolymer, chitosan, is proposed for use in artificial tear formulations. It is endowed with good wetting properties as well as an antibacterial effect that are desirable in cases of dry eye, which is often complicated by secondary infections. Solutions containing 0.5% w/v of a low molecular weight (M(w)) chitosan (160 kDa) were assessed for antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus by using the usual broth-dilution technique. The in vitro evaluation showed that concentrations of chitosan as low as 0.0375% still exert a bacteriostatic effect against E. coli. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of chitosan were calculated to be as low as 0.375 mg/ml for E. coli and 0.15 mg/ml for S. aureus. Gamma scintigraphic studies demonstrated that chitosan formulations remain on the precorneal surface as long as commonly used commercial artificial tears (Protagent collyrium and Protagent-SE unit-dose) having a 5-fold higher viscosity.
Extracted statement — Advantages: antibacterial
Research field: Science
Title: A tactic-centric approach for automating traceability of quality concerns
Abstract: The software architectures of business, mission, or safety critical systems must be carefully designed to balance an exacting set of quality concerns describing characteristics such as security, reliability, and performance. Unfortunately, software architectures tend to degrade over time as maintainers modify the system without understanding the underlying architectural decisions. Although this problem can be mitigated by manually tracing architectural decisions into the code, the cost and effort required to do this can be prohibitively expensive. In this paper we therefore present a novel approach for automating the construction of traceability links for architectural tactics. Our approach utilizes machine learning methods and lightweight structural analysis to detect tactic-related classes. The detected tactic-related classes are then mapped to a Tactic Traceability Information Model. We train our trace algorithm using code extracted from fifteen performance-centric and safety-critical open source software systems and then evaluate it against the Apache Hadoop framework. Our results show that automatically generated traceability links can support software maintenance activities while helping to preserve architectural qualities.
Extracted statement — Automation: Automatic
Research field: Science
Title: Design and analysis of a fast local clustering service for wireless sensor networks
Abstract: We present a fast local clustering service, FLOC, that partitions a multi-hop wireless network into nonoverlapping and approximately equal-sited clusters. Each cluster has a clusterhead such that all nodes within unit distance of the clusterhead belong to the cluster but no node beyond distance m from the clusterhead belongs to the cluster. By asserting m /spl ges/ 2, FLOC achieves locality: effects of cluster formation and faults/changes at any part of the network are contained within most m units. By taking unit distance to be the reliable communication radius and m to be the maximum communication radius, FLOC exploits the double-band nature of wireless radio-model and achieves clustering in constant time regardless of the network size. Through simulations and experiments with actual deployments, we analyze the tradeoffs between clustering time and the quality of clustering, and suggest suitable parameters for FLOC to achieve a fast completion time without compromising the quality of the resulting clustering.
Extracted statement — Alg. Complexity: Constant