Moussab/ORKG-training-evaluation-set huggingface dataset:
Research field: Science
Title: THIS IS NOT A DRILL: Mobile Telephony, Information Verification, and Expressive Communication During Hawaii’s False Missile Alert
Abstract: On Saturday, 13 January 2018, residents of Hawaii received a chilling message through their smartphones. It read, in all caps, BALLISTIC MISSILE THREAT INBOUND TO HAWAII. SEEK IMMEDIATE SHELTER. THIS IS NOT A DRILL. The message was mistakenly sent, but many residents lived in a threatened state of mind for the 38 minutes it took before a retraction was made. This study is based on a survey of 418 people who experienced the alert, recollecting their immediate responses, including how they attempted to verify the alert and how they used their mobile devices and social media for expressive interactions during the alert period. With the ongoing testing in the United States of nationwide Wireless Emergency Alerts, along with similar expansions of these systems in other countries, the event in Hawaii serves to illuminate how people understand and respond to mobile-based alerts. It shows the extreme speed that information—including misinformation—can flow in an emergency, and, for many, expressive communication affects people’s reactions.
Extracted statement — Country: Hawaii
Research field: Science
Title: Logical structure analysis of book document images using contents information
Abstract: Numerous studies have so far been carried out extensively for the analysis of document image structure, with particular emphasis placed on media conversion and layout analysis. For the conversion of a collection of books in a library into the form of hypertext documents, a logical structure extraction technology is indispensable, in addition to document layout analysis. The table of contents of a book generally involves very concise and faithful information to represent the logical structure of the entire book. That is to say, we can efficiently analyze the logical structure of a book by making full use of its contents pages. This paper proposes a new approach for document logical structure analysis to convert document images and contents information into an electronic document. First, the contents pages of a book are analyzed to acquire the overall document logical structure. Thereafter, we are able to use this information to acquire the logical structure of all the pages of the book by analyzing consecutive pages of a portion of the book. Test results demonstrate very high discrimination rates: up to 97.6% for the headline structure, 99.4% for the text structure, 97.8% for the page-number structure and almost 100% for the head-foot structure.
Extracted statement — Logical Labels: head-foot
Research field: Science
Title: Logical structure analysis of book document images using contents information
Abstract: Numerous studies have so far been carried out extensively for the analysis of document image structure, with particular emphasis placed on media conversion and layout analysis. For the conversion of a collection of books in a library into the form of hypertext documents, a logical structure extraction technology is indispensable, in addition to document layout analysis. The table of contents of a book generally involves very concise and faithful information to represent the logical structure of the entire book. That is to say, we can efficiently analyze the logical structure of a book by making full use of its contents pages. This paper proposes a new approach for document logical structure analysis to convert document images and contents information into an electronic document. First, the contents pages of a book are analyzed to acquire the overall document logical structure. Thereafter, we are able to use this information to acquire the logical structure of all the pages of the book by analyzing consecutive pages of a portion of the book. Test results demonstrate very high discrimination rates: up to 97.6% for the headline structure, 99.4% for the text structure, 97.8% for the page-number structure and almost 100% for the head-foot structure.
Extracted statement — Logical Labels: headline
Research field: Science
Title: Accuracy of CNV Detection from GWAS Data
Abstract: Several computer programs are available for detecting copy number variants (CNVs) using genome-wide SNP arrays. We evaluated the performance of four CNV detection software suites—Birdsuite, Partek, HelixTree, and PennCNV-Affy—in the identification of both rare and common CNVs. Each program's performance was assessed in two ways. The first was its recovery rate, i.e., its ability to call 893 CNVs previously identified in eight HapMap samples by paired-end sequencing of whole-genome fosmid clones, and 51,440 CNVs identified by array Comparative Genome Hybridization (aCGH) followed by validation procedures, in 90 HapMap CEU samples. The second evaluation was program performance calling rare and common CNVs in the Bipolar Genome Study (BiGS) data set (1001 bipolar cases and 1033 controls, all of European ancestry) as measured by the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 array. Accuracy in calling rare CNVs was assessed by positive predictive value, based on the proportion of rare CNVs validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), while accuracy in calling common CNVs was assessed by false positive/false negative rates based on qPCR validation results from a subset of common CNVs. Birdsuite recovered the highest percentages of known HapMap CNVs containing >20 markers in two reference CNV datasets. The recovery rate increased with decreased CNV frequency. In the tested rare CNV data, Birdsuite and Partek had higher positive predictive values than the other software suites. In a test of three common CNVs in the BiGS dataset, Birdsuite's call was 98.8% consistent with qPCR quantification in one CNV region, but the other two regions showed an unacceptable degree of accuracy. We found relatively poor consistency between the two “gold standards,” the sequence data of Kidd et al., and aCGH data of Conrad et al. Algorithms for calling CNVs especially common ones need substantial improvement, and a “gold standard” for detection of CNVs remains to be established.
Extracted statement — Algorithm: HelixTree
Research field: Science
Title: Mobile game-based learning in secondary education: engagement, motivation and learning in a mobile city game
Abstract: Using mobile games in education combines situated and active learning with fun in a potentially excellent manner. The effects of a mobile city game called Frequency 1550, which was developed by The Waag Society to help pupils in their first year of secondary education playfully acquire historical knowledge of medieval Amsterdam, were investigated in terms of pupil engagement in the game, historical knowledge, and motivation for History in general and the topic of the Middle Ages in particular. A quasi-experimental design was used with 458 pupils from 20 classes from five schools. The pupils in 10 of the classes played the mobile history game whereas the pupils in the other 10 classes received a regular, project-based lesson series. The results showed those pupils who played the game to be engaged and to gain significantly more knowledge about medieval Amsterdam than those pupils who received regular project-based instruction. No significant differences were found between the two groups with respect to motivation for History or the Middle Ages. The impact of location-based technology and game-based learning on pupil knowledge and motivation are discussed along with suggestions for future research.
Extracted statement — Topic: History
Research field: Science
Title: Distributed clustering in ad-hoc sensor networks: a hybrid, energy-efficient approach
Abstract: Prolonged network lifetime, scalability, and load balancing are important requirements for many ad-hoc sensor network applications. Clustering sensor nodes is an effective technique for achieving these goals. In this work, we propose a new energy-efficient approach for clustering nodes in ad-hoc sensor networks. Based on this approach, we present a protocol, HEED (hybrid energy-efficient distributed clustering), that periodically selects cluster heads according to a hybrid of their residual energy and a secondary parameter, such as node proximity to its neighbors or node degree. HEED does not make any assumptions about the distribution or density of nodes, or about node capabilities, e.g., location-awareness. The clustering process terminates in O(1) iterations, and does not depend on the network topology or size. The protocol incurs low overhead in terms of processing cycles and messages exchanged. It also achieves fairly uniform cluster head distribution across the network. A careful selection of the secondary clustering parameter can balance load among cluster heads. Our simulation results demonstrate that HEED outperforms weight-based clustering protocols in terms of several cluster characteristics. We also apply our approach to a simple application to demonstrate its effectiveness in prolonging the network lifetime and supporting data aggregation.
Extracted statement — Clustering Process CH Election: Hybrid
Research field: Science
Title: Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil ofArtemisia herba-albaAsso Grown in Algeria
Abstract: Abstract The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Artemisia herba-alba Asso growing wild in M'sila-Algeria, was investigated using both capillary GC and GC/MS techniques. The oil yield was 1.02% based on dry weight. Sixty-eight components amounting to 94.7% of the oil were identifed, 33 of them being reported for the frst time in Algerian A. herba-alba oil and 21 of these components have not been previously reported in A. herba-alba oils. The oil contained camphor (19.4%), trans-pinocarveol (16.9%), chrysanthenone (15.8%) and β-thujone (15%) as major components. Monoterpenoids are the main components (86.1%), and the irregular monoterpenes fraction represented a 3.1% yield.
Extracted statement — Isolation Procedure: hydrodistillation
Research field: Science
Title: Chemical composi- tion of Algerian Artemisia herba-alba essential oils isolated by microwave and hydrodistillation
Abstract: Abstract Isolation of the essential oil from Artemisia herba-alba collected in the North Sahara desert has been conducted by hydrodistillation (HD) and a microwave distillation process (MD). The chemical composition of the two oils was investigated by GC and GC/MS. In total, 94 constituents were identified. The main components were camphor (49.3 and 48.1% in HD and MD oils, respectively), 1,8-cineole (13.4–12.4%), borneol (7.3–7.1%), pinocarvone (5.6–5.5%), camphene (4.9–4.5%) and chrysanthenone (3.2–3.3%). In comparison with HD, MD allows one to obtain an oil in a very short time, with similar yields, comparable qualities and a substantial savings of energy.
Extracted statement — Isolation Procedure: hydrodistillation
Research field: Science
Title: APPLICATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF ARTEMISIA HERBA ALBA AS GREEN CORROSION INHIBITOR FOR STEEL IN 0.5 M H2SO4
Abstract: Essential oil from Artemisia herba alba (Art) was hydrodistilled and tested as corrosion inhibitor of steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 using weight loss measurements and electrochemical polarization methods. Results gathered show that this natural oil reduced the corrosion rate by the cathodic action. Its inhibition efficiency attains the maximum (74%) at 1 g/L. The inhibition efficiency of Arm oil increases with the rise of temperature. The adsorption isotherm of natural product on the steel has been determined. A. herba alba essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and its chemical composition oil was investigated by capillary GC and GC/MS. The major components were chrysanthenone (30.6%) and camphor (24.4%).
Extracted statement — Isolation Procedure: hydrodistillation
Research field: Science
Title: The essential oil from Artemisia herba-alba Asso cultivated in Arid Land (South Tunisia)
Abstract: Abstract Seedlings of Artemisia herba-alba Asso collected from Kirchaou area were transplanted in an experimental garden near the Institut des Régions Arides of Médenine (Tunisia). During three years, the aerials parts were harvested (three levels of cutting, 25%, 50% and 75% of the plant), at full blossom and during the vegetative stage. The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation and its chemical composition was determined by GC(RI) and 13C-NMR. With respect to the quantity of vegetable material and the yield of hydrodistillation, it appears that the best results were obtained for plants cut at 50% of their height and during the full blossom. The chemical composition of the essential oil was dominated by β-thujone, α-thujone, 1,8-cineole, camphor and trans-sabinyl acetate, irrespective of the level of cutting and the period of harvest. It remains similar to that of plants growing wild in the same area.
Extracted statement — Isolation Procedure: hydrodistillation
Research field: Science
Title: Chemical Variability ofArtemisia herba-albaAsso Growing Wild in Semi-arid and Arid Land (Tunisia)
Abstract: Abstract Twenty-six oil samples were isolated by hydrodistillation from aerial parts of Artemisia herba-alba Asso growing wild in Tunisia (semi-arid land) and their chemical composition was determined by GC(RI), GC/MS and 13C-NMR. Various compositions were observed, dominated either by a single component (α-thujone, camphor, chrysanthenone or trans-sabinyl acetate) or characterized by the occurrence, at appreciable contents, of two or more of these compounds. These results confrmed the tremendous chemical variability of A. herba-alba.
Extracted statement — Isolation Procedure: hydrodistillation
Research field: Science
Title: Chemical composition and biological activities of a new essential oil chemotype of Tunisian Artemisia herba alba Asso
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, angiotensin Iconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oil of Artemisia herba alba Asso (Aha), a traditional medicinal plant widely growing in Tunisia. The essential oil from the air dried leaves and flowers of Aha were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. More than fifty compounds, out of which 48 were identified. The main chemical class of the oil was represented by oxygenated monoterpenes (50.53%). These were represented by 21 derivatives, among which the cis -chrysantenyl acetate (10.60%), the sabinyl acetate (9.13%) and the α-thujone (8.73%) were the principal compounds. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes, particularly arbusculones were identified in the essential oil at relatively high rates. The Aha essential oil was found to have an interesting antioxidant activity as evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and the β-carotene bleaching methods. The Aha essential oil also exhibited an inhibitory activity towards the ACE. The antimicrobial activities of Aha essential oil was evaluated against six bacterial strains and three fungal strains by the agar diffusion method and by determining the inhibition zone. The inhibition zones were in the range of 8-51 mm. The essential oil exhibited a strong growth inhibitory activity on all the studied fungi. Our findings demonstrated that Aha growing wild in South-Western of Tunisia seems to be a new chemotype and its essential oil might be a natural potential source for food preservation and for further investigation by developing new bioactive substances.
Extracted statement — Isolation Procedure: hydrodistillation
Research field: Science
Title: Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of the essential oil from aerial parts of Artemisia herba-alba grown in Tunisian semi-arid region
Abstract: Essential oils and their components are becoming increasingly popular as naturally occurring antioxidant agents. In this work, the composition of essential oil in Artemisia herba-alba from southwest Tunisia, obtained by hydrodistillation was determined by GC/MS. Eighteen compounds were identified with the main constituents namely, α-thujone (24.88%), germacrene D (14.48%), camphor (10.81%), 1,8-cineole (8.91%) and β-thujone (8.32%). The oil was screened for its antioxidant activity with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching and reducing power assays. The essential oil of A. herba-alba exhibited a good antioxidant activity with all assays with dose dependent manner and can be attributed to its presence in the oil. Key words: Artemisia herba alba, essential oil, chemical composition, antioxidant activity.
Extracted statement — Isolation Procedure: hydrodistillation
Research field: Science
Title: Hyperface: A deep multi-task learning framework for face detection, land- mark localization, pose estimation, and gender recognition
Abstract: We present an algorithm for simultaneous face detection, landmarks localization, pose estimation and gender recognition using deep convolutional neural networks (CNN). The proposed method called, HyperFace, fuses the intermediate layers of a deep CNN using a separate CNN followed by a multi-task learning algorithm that operates on the fused features. It exploits the synergy among the tasks which boosts up their individual performances. Additionally, we propose two variants of HyperFace: (1) HyperFace-ResNet that builds on the ResNet-101 model and achieves significant improvement in performance, and (2) Fast-HyperFace that uses a high recall fast face detector for generating region proposals to improve the speed of the algorithm. Extensive experiments show that the proposed models are able to capture both global and local information in faces and performs significantly better than many competitive algorithms for each of these four tasks.
Extracted statement — Methods: HyperFace
Research field: Science
Title: Middleware for Robotics: A Survey
Abstract: The field of robotics relies heavily on various technologies such as mechatronics, computing systems, and wireless communication. Given the fast growing technological progress in these fields, robots can offer a wide range of applications. However real world integration and application development for such a distributed system composed of many robotic modules and networked robotic devices is very difficult. Therefore, middleware services provide a novel approach offering many possibilities and drastically enhancing the application development for robots. This paper surveys the current state of middleware approaches in this domain. It discusses middleware challenges in these systems and presents some representative middleware solutions specifically designed for robots. The selection of the studied methods tries to cover most of the middleware platforms, objectives and approaches that have been proposed by researchers in this field.
Extracted statement — Standards and technologies used: Ice
Research field: Science
Title: Comparative analyses of seven algorithms for copy number variant identification from single nucleotide polymorphism arrays
Abstract: Determination of copy number variants (CNVs) inferred in genome wide single nucleotide polymorphism arrays has shown increasing utility in genetic variant disease associations. Several CNV detection methods are available, but differences in CNV call thresholds and characteristics exist. We evaluated the relative performance of seven methods: circular binary segmentation, CNVFinder, cnvPartition, gain and loss of DNA, Nexus algorithms, PennCNV and QuantiSNP. Tested data included real and simulated Illumina HumHap 550 data from the Singapore cohort study of the risk factors for Myopia (SCORM) and simulated data from Affymetrix 6.0 and platform-independent distributions. The normalized singleton ratio (NSR) is proposed as a metric for parameter optimization before enacting full analysis. We used 10 SCORM samples for optimizing parameter settings for each method and then evaluated method performance at optimal parameters using 100 SCORM samples. The statistical power, false positive rates, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve residuals were evaluated by simulation studies. Optimal parameters, as determined by NSR and ROC curve residuals, were consistent across datasets. QuantiSNP outperformed other methods based on ROC curve residuals over most datasets. Nexus Rank and SNPRank have low specificity and high power. Nexus Rank calls oversized CNVs. PennCNV detects one of the fewest numbers of CNVs.
Extracted statement — Vendor: Illumina
Research field: Science
Title: The Effect of Algorithms on Copy Number Variant Detection
Abstract: Background The detection of copy number variants (CNVs) and the results of CNV-disease association studies rely on how CNVs are defined, and because array-based technologies can only infer CNVs, CNV-calling algorithms can produce vastly different findings. Several authors have noted the large-scale variability between CNV-detection methods, as well as the substantial false positive and false negative rates associated with those methods. In this study, we use variations of four common algorithms for CNV detection (PennCNV, QuantiSNP, HMMSeg, and cnvPartition) and two definitions of overlap (any overlap and an overlap of at least 40% of the smaller CNV) to illustrate the effects of varying algorithms and definitions of overlap on CNV discovery. Methodology and Principal Findings We used a 56 K Illumina genotyping array enriched for CNV regions to generate hybridization intensities and allele frequencies for 48 Caucasian schizophrenia cases and 48 age-, ethnicity-, and gender-matched control subjects. No algorithm found a difference in CNV burden between the two groups. However, the total number of CNVs called ranged from 102 to 3,765 across algorithms. The mean CNV size ranged from 46 kb to 787 kb, and the average number of CNVs per subject ranged from 1 to 39. The number of novel CNVs not previously reported in normal subjects ranged from 0 to 212. Conclusions and Significance Motivated by the availability of multiple publicly available genome-wide SNP arrays, investigators are conducting numerous analyses to identify putative additional CNVs in complex genetic disorders. However, the number of CNVs identified in array-based studies, and whether these CNVs are novel or valid, will depend on the algorithm(s) used. Thus, given the variety of methods used, there will be many false positives and false negatives. Both guidelines for the identification of CNVs inferred from high-density arrays and the establishment of a gold standard for validation of CNVs are needed.
Extracted statement — Vendor: Illumina