Moussab/ORKG-training-evaluation-set huggingface dataset:
Research field: Science
Title: Emissions and trade in Southeast and East Asian countries: a panel co-integration analysis
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the implication of trade on carbon emissions in a panel of eight highly trading Southeast and East Asian countries, namely, China, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, Hong Kong, The Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis relies on the standard quadratic environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) extended to include energy consumption and international trade. A battery of panel unit root and co-integration tests is applied to establish the variables’ stochastic properties and their long-run relations. Then, the specified EKC is estimated using the panel dynamic ordinary least square (OLS) estimation technique. Findings – The panel co-integration statistics verifies the validity of the extended EKC for the countries under study. Estimation of the long-run EKC via the dynamic OLS estimation method reveals the environmentally degrading effects of trade in these countries, especially in ASEAN and plus South Korea and Hong Kong. Pra...
Extracted statement — Type of data: Panel
Research field: Science
Title: The role of renewable energy consumption and trade: environmental Kuznets curve analysis for Sub-Saharan Africa countries
Abstract: type="main" xml:lang="en"> Based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, this paper uses panel cointegration techniques to investigate the short- and long-run relationship between CO 2 emissions, gross domestic product (GDP), renewable energy consumption and international trade for a panel of 24 sub-Saharan Africa countries over the period 1980–2010. Short-run Granger causality results reveal that there is a bidirectional causality between emissions and economic growth; bidirectional causality between emissions and real exports; unidirectional causality from real imports to emissions; and unidirectional causality runs from trade (exports or imports) to renewable energy consumption. There is an indirect short-run causality running from emissions to renewable energy and an indirect short-run causality from GDP to renewable energy. In the long-run, the error correction term is statistically significant for emissions, renewable energy consumption and trade. The long-run estimates suggest that the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis is not supported for these countries; exports have a positive impact on CO 2 emissions, whereas imports have a negative impact on CO 2 emissions. As a policy recommendation, sub-Saharan Africa countries should expand their trade exchanges particularly with developed countries and try to maximize their benefit from technology transfer occurring when importing capital goods as this may increase their renewable energy consumption and reduce CO 2 emissions.
Extracted statement — Type of data: Panel
Research field: Science
Title: Estimating the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality for the brics economies - a dynamic panel data approach
Abstract: It has been forecasted by many economists that in the next couple of decades the BRICS economies are going to experience an unprecedented economic growth. This massive economic growth would definitely have a detrimental impact on the environment since these economies, like others, would extract their environmental and natural resource to a larger scale in the process of their economic growth. Therefore, maintaining environmental quality while growing has become a major challenge for these economies. However, the proponents of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Hypothesis - an inverted U shape relationship between income and emission per capita, suggest BRICS economies need not bother too much about environmental quality while growing because growth would eventually take care of the environment once a certain level of per capita income is achieved. In this backdrop, the present study makes an attempt to estimate EKC type relationship, if any, between income and emission in the context of the BRICS countries for the period 1997 to 2011. Therefore, the study first adopts fixed effect (FE) panel data model to control time constant country specific effects, and then uses Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach for dynamic panel data to address endogeneity of income variable and dynamism in emission per capita. Apart from income, we also include variables related to financial sector development and energy utilization to explain emission. The fixed effect model shows a significant EKC type relation between income and emission supporting the previous literature. However, GMM estimates for the dynamic panel model show the relationship between income and emission is actually U shaped with the turning point being out of sample. This out of sample turning point indicates that emission has been growing monotonically with growth in income. Factors like, net energy imports and share of industrial output in GDP are found to be significant and having detrimental impact on the environment in the dynamic panel model. However, these variables are found to be insignificant in FE model. Capital account convertibility shows significant and negative impact on the environment irrespective of models used. The monotonically increasing relationship between income and emission suggests the BRICS economies must adopt some efficiency oriented action plan so that they can grow without putting much pressure on the environment. These findings can have important policy implications as BRICS countries are mainly depending on these factors for their growth but at the same time they can cause serious threat to the environment.
Extracted statement — Type of data: Panel
Research field: Science
Title: The Relationship between CO2 Emission, Energy Consumption, Urbanization and Trade Openness for Selected CEECs
Abstract: This paper investigates the relationship between CO2 emission, real GDP, energy consumption, urbanization and trade openness for 10 for selected Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs), including, Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic and Slovenia for the period of 1991–2011. The results show that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis holds for these countries. The fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) results reveal that a 1% increase in energy consumption leads to a %1.0863 increase in CO2 emissions. Results for the existence and direction of panel Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Granger causality method show that there is bidirectional causal relationship between CO2 emissions - real GDP and energy consumption-real GDP as well.
Extracted statement — Type of data: Panel
Research field: Science
Title: Selective Semihydrogenation of Alkynes Catalyzed by Pd Nanoparticles Immobilized on Heteroatom-Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Derived from Bamboo Shoots
Abstract: Highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) immobilized on heteroatom-doped hierarchical porous carbon supports (N,O-carbon) with large specific surface areas are synthesized by a wet chemical reduction method. The N,O-carbon derived from naturally abundant bamboo shoots is fabricated by a tandem hydrothermal-carbonization process without assistance of any templates, chemical activation reagents, or exogenous N or O sources in a simple and ecofriendly manner. The prepared Pd/N,O-carbon catalyst shows extremely high activity and excellent chemoselectivity for semihydrogenation of a broad range of alkynes to versatile and valuable alkenes under ambient conditions. The catalyst can be readily recovered for successive reuse with negligible loss in activity and selectivity, and is also applicable for practical gram-scale reactions.
Extracted statement — catalyst: Pd/N,O-carbon
Research field: Science
Title: Formation and Characterization of PdZn Alloy: A Very Selective Catalyst for Alkyne Semihydrogenation
Abstract: The formation of a PdZn alloy from a 4.3% Pd/ZnO catalyst was characterized by combined in situ high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Alloy formation started already at around 100 °C, likely at the surface, and reached the bulk with increasing temperature. The structure of the catalyst was close to the bulk value of a 1:1 PdZn alloy with a L1o structure (RPd−Pd = 2.9 A, RPd−Zn = 2.6 A, CNPd−Zn = 8, CNPd−Pd = 4) after reduction at 300 °C and above. The activity of the gas-phase hydrogenation of 1-pentyne decreased with the formation of the PdZn alloy. In contrast to Pd/SiO2, no full hydrogenation occurred over Pd/ZnO. Over time, only slight decomposition of the alloy occurred under reaction conditions.
Extracted statement — catalyst: Pd/ZnO
Research field: Science
Title: Pd@C core–shell nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes as highly stable and selective catalysts for hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene
Abstract: Developing highly selective and stable catalysts for acetylene hydrogenation is an imperative task in the chemical industry. Herein, core-shell Pd@carbon nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes (Pd@C/CNTs) were synthesized. During the hydrogenation of acetylene, the selectivity of Pd@C/CNTs to ethylene was distinctly improved. Moreover, Pd@C/CNTs showed excellent stability during the hydrogenation reaction.
Extracted statement — catalysts: Pd@C/CNT
Research field: Science
Title: Single-Atom Pd1/Graphene Catalyst Achieved by Atomic Layer Deposition: Remarkable Performance in Selective Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene
Abstract: We reported that atomically dispersed Pd on graphene can be fabricated using the atomic layer deposition technique. Aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy both confirmed that isolated Pd single atoms dominantly existed on the graphene support. In selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene, the single-atom Pd1/graphene catalyst showed about 100% butenes selectivity at 95% conversion at a mild reaction condition of about 50 °C, which is likely due to the changes of 1,3-butadiene adsorption mode and enhanced steric effect on the isolated Pd atoms. More importantly, excellent durability against deactivation via either aggregation of metal atoms or carbonaceous deposits during a total 100 h of reaction time on stream was achieved. Therefore, the single-atom catalysts may open up more opportunities to optimize the activity, selectivity, and durability in selective hydrogenation reactions.
Extracted statement — catalysts: Pd1/graphene
Research field: Science
Title: The Effect of Algorithms on Copy Number Variant Detection
Abstract: Background The detection of copy number variants (CNVs) and the results of CNV-disease association studies rely on how CNVs are defined, and because array-based technologies can only infer CNVs, CNV-calling algorithms can produce vastly different findings. Several authors have noted the large-scale variability between CNV-detection methods, as well as the substantial false positive and false negative rates associated with those methods. In this study, we use variations of four common algorithms for CNV detection (PennCNV, QuantiSNP, HMMSeg, and cnvPartition) and two definitions of overlap (any overlap and an overlap of at least 40% of the smaller CNV) to illustrate the effects of varying algorithms and definitions of overlap on CNV discovery. Methodology and Principal Findings We used a 56 K Illumina genotyping array enriched for CNV regions to generate hybridization intensities and allele frequencies for 48 Caucasian schizophrenia cases and 48 age-, ethnicity-, and gender-matched control subjects. No algorithm found a difference in CNV burden between the two groups. However, the total number of CNVs called ranged from 102 to 3,765 across algorithms. The mean CNV size ranged from 46 kb to 787 kb, and the average number of CNVs per subject ranged from 1 to 39. The number of novel CNVs not previously reported in normal subjects ranged from 0 to 212. Conclusions and Significance Motivated by the availability of multiple publicly available genome-wide SNP arrays, investigators are conducting numerous analyses to identify putative additional CNVs in complex genetic disorders. However, the number of CNVs identified in array-based studies, and whether these CNVs are novel or valid, will depend on the algorithm(s) used. Thus, given the variety of methods used, there will be many false positives and false negatives. Both guidelines for the identification of CNVs inferred from high-density arrays and the establishment of a gold standard for validation of CNVs are needed.
Extracted statement — Algorithm: PennCNV
Research field: Science
Title: Assessment of copy number variation using the Illumina Infinium 1M SNP-array: A comparison of methodological approaches in the Spanish Bladder Cancer/EPICURO study
Abstract: High‐throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐array technologies allow to investigate copy number variants (CNVs) in genome‐wide scans and specific calling algorithms have been developed to determine CNV location and copy number. We report the results of a reliability analysis comparing data from 96 pairs of samples processed with CNVpartition, PennCNV, and QuantiSNP for Infinium Illumina Human 1Million probe chip data. We also performed a validity assessment with multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) as a reference standard. The number of CNVs per individual varied according to the calling algorithm. Higher numbers of CNVs were detected in saliva than in blood DNA samples regardless of the algorithm used. All algorithms presented low agreement with mean Kappa Index (KI) <66. PennCNV was the most reliable algorithm (KIw=98.96) when assessing the number of copies. The agreement observed in detecting CNV was higher in blood than in saliva samples. When comparing to MLPA, all algorithms identified poorly known copy aberrations (sensitivity = 0.19–0.28). In contrast, specificity was very high (0.97–0.99). Once a CNV was detected, the number of copies was truly assessed (sensitivity >0.62). Our results indicate that the current calling algorithms should be improved for high performance CNV analysis in genome‐wide scans. Further refinement is required to assess CNVs as risk factors in complex diseases.Hum Mutat 32:1–10, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extracted statement — Algorithm: PennCNV
Research field: Science
Title: State Design Pattern Implementation of a DSP processor: A case study of TMS5416C
Abstract: This paper presents an empirical study of the impact of State Design Pattern Implementation on the memory and execution time of popular fixed-point DSP processor from Texas Instruments; TMS320VC5416. Actually, the object-oriented approach is known to introduce a significant performance penalty compared to classical procedural programming [1]. One can find the studies of the object-oriented penalty on the system performance, in terms of execution time and memory overheads in the literature. Since, to the author's best knowledge the study of the overheads of Design Patterns (DP) in the embedded system programming is not widely published in the literature. The main contribution of the paper is to bring further evidence that embedded system software developers have to consider the memory and the execution time overheads of DPs in their implementations. The results of the experiment show that implementation in C++ with DP increases the memory usage and the execution time but meanwhile these overheads would not prevent embedded system software developers to use DPs.
Extracted statement — Quality attribute: Performance
Research field: Science
Title: Palladium nanoparticles supported on mpg-C3N4 as active catalyst for semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene under mild conditions
Abstract: Palladium nanoparticles supported on a mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride, Pd@mpg-C3N4, has been developed as an effective, heterogeneous catalyst for the liquid-phase semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene under mild conditions (303 K, atmospheric H2). A total conversion was achieved with high selectivity of styrene (higher than 94%) within 85 minutes. Moreover, the spent catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and then reused nine times without apparent lose of selectivity. The generality of Pd@mpg-C3N4 catalyst for partial hydrogenation of alkynes was also checked for terminal and internal alkynes with similar performance. The Pd@mpg-C3N4 catalyst was proven to be of industrial interest.
Extracted statement — substrate: phenylacetylene
Research field: Science
Title: Single atom alloy surface analogs in Pd0.18Cu15 nanoparticles for selective hydrogenation reactions
Abstract: We report a novel synthesis of nanoparticle Pd-Cu catalysts, containing only trace amounts of Pd, for selective hydrogenation reactions. Pd-Cu nanoparticles were designed based on model single atom alloy (SAA) surfaces, in which individual, isolated Pd atoms act as sites for hydrogen uptake, dissociation, and spillover onto the surrounding Cu surface. Pd-Cu nanoparticles were prepared by addition of trace amounts of Pd (0.18 atomic (at)%) to Cu nanoparticles supported on Al2O3 by galvanic replacement (GR). The catalytic performance of the resulting materials for the partial hydrogenation of phenylacetylene was investigated at ambient temperature in a batch reactor under a head pressure of hydrogen (6.9 bar). The bimetallic Pd-Cu nanoparticles have over an order of magnitude higher activity for phenylacetylene hydrogenation when compared to their monometallic Cu counterpart, while maintaining a high selectivity to styrene over many hours at high conversion. Greater than 94% selectivity to styrene is observed at all times, which is a marked improvement when compared to monometallic Pd catalysts with the same Pd loading, at the same total conversion. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy measurements confirm the complete uptake and alloying of Pd with Cu by GR. Scanning tunneling microscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy of model SAA surfaces confirmed the feasibility of hydrogen spillover onto an otherwise inert Cu surface. These model studies addressed a wide range of Pd concentrations related to the bimetallic nanoparticles.
Extracted statement — substrate: phenylacetylene
Research field: Science
Title: Kinetics of acetylcholinesterase immobilized on polyethylene tubing
Abstract: <jats:p> Acetylcholinesterase was covalently attached to the inner surface of polyethylene tubing. Initial oxidation generated surface carboxylic groups which, on reaction with thionyl chloride, produced acid chloride groups; these were caused to react with excess ethylenediamine. The amine groups on the surface were linked to glutaraldehyde, and acetylcholinesterase was then attached to the surface. Various kinetic tests showed the catalysis of the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide to be diffusion controlled. The apparent Michaelis constants were strongly dependent on flow rate and were much larger than the value for the free enzyme. Rate measurements over the temperature range 6–42 °C showed changes in activation energies consistent with diffusion control. </jats:p>
Extracted statement — Polymer: Polyethylene
Research field: Science
Title: A two‐stage procurement model for humanitarian relief supply chains
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss and to help address the need for quantitative models to support and improve procurement in the context of humanitarian relief efforts.Design/methodology/approach – This research presents a two‐stage stochastic decision model with recourse for procurement in humanitarian relief supply chains, and compares its effectiveness on an illustrative example with respect to a standard solution approach.Findings – Results show the ability of the new model to capture and model both the procurement process and the uncertainty inherent in a disaster relief situation, in support of more efficient and effective procurement plans.Research limitations/implications – The research focus is on sudden onset disasters and it does not differentiate between local and international suppliers. A number of extensions of the base model could be implemented, however, so as to address the specific needs of a given organization and their procurement process.Practical implications – Despi...
Extracted statement — Decisions First-stage: Procurement
Research field: Science
Title: Agile Team Perceptions of Productivity Factors
Abstract: In this paper, we investigate agile team perceptions of factors impacting their productivity. Within this overall goal, we also investigate which productivity concept was adopted by the agile teams studied. We here conducted two case studies in the industry and analyzed data from two projects that we followed for six months. From the perspective of agile team members, the three most perceived factors impacting on their productivity were appropriate team composition and allocation, external dependencies, and staff turnover. Teams also mentioned pair programming and collocation as agile practices that impact productivity. As a secondary finding, most team members did not share the same understanding of the concept of productivity. While some known factors still impact agile team productivity, new factors emerged from the interviews as potential productivity factors impacting agile teams.
Extracted statement — Focus: Productivity
Research field: Science
Title: Productivité et salaire des travailleurs âgés
Abstract: [fre] Nous evaluons de facon conjointe les differences de productivite et de remuneration existant en France entre diverses categories de travailleurs au moyen d'une nouvelle base de donnees qui reunit des informations tant sur les employes que sur leurs employeurs. Completant une methodologie nouvelle proposee au depart par Heller- stein, Neumark et Troske [1999], nous adoptons des hypotheses moins contraignantes et fournissons une methode utilisant le cout du travail pour les employeurs. De facon surprenante, les resultats trouves pour la France sont tres differents de ceux obtenus pour les Etats-Unis, et plus proches des resultats en Norvege : dans le secteur manufacturier, nous constatons que les travailleurs âges sont plus payes par rapport aux travailleurs jeunes que leur difference de productivite ne le laisserait supposer. La robustesse de ces resultats semble confirmee a travers le temps, les secteurs d'activite et les hypotheses retenues. [eng] In this study we analyse the differences between productivity levels and earnings across a range of categories of workers in France, drawing on a new database which brings together data from employers and employees. We take as our starting point the methodology first introduced by Hellerstein, Neumark and Troske [1999], and develop it further by applying les restrictive assumptions and by using a new method which takes into account labour costs incurred by the employers. The results obtained for France are surprisingly different to those for the United States and in fact are closest to the results obtained for Norway. For example, we find that in the manufacturing sector, relatively to younger workers, older workers are paid more than the difference in productivity between the two age groups would suggest. These results appear to be robust over time regardless of the sector studied or the assumptions used.
Extracted statement — Performance indicator (in per-capita terms if not otherwise indicated): Productivity