Moussab/ORKG-training-evaluation-set huggingface dataset:
Research field: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Title: Herbivory, disease, recruitment limitation, and success of alien and native tree species
Abstract: The Enemies Hypothesis predicts that alien plants have a competitive ad- vantage over native plants because they are often introduced with few herbivores or diseases. To investigate this hypothesis, we transplanted seedlings of the invasive alien tree, Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallow tree) and an ecologically similar native tree, Celtis laevigata (hackberry), into mesic forest, floodplain forest, and coastal prairie sites in east Texas and manipulated foliar fungal diseases and insect herbivores with fungicidal and insecticidal sprays. As predicted by the Enemies Hypothesis, insect herbivores caused significantly greater damage to untreated Celtis seedlings than to untreated Sapium seedlings. However, contrary to predictions, suppression of insect herbivores caused significantly greater in- creases in survivorship and growth of Sapium seedlings compared to Celtis seedlings. Regressions suggested that Sapium seedlings compensate for damage in the first year but that this greatly increases the risk of mortality in subsequent years. Fungal diseases had no effects on seedling survival or growth. The Recruitment Limitation Hypothesis predicts that the local abundance of a species will depend more on local seed input than on com- petitive ability at that location. To investigate this hypothesis, we added seeds of Celtis and Sapium on and off of artificial soil disturbances at all three sites. Adding seeds increased the density of Celtis seedlings and sometimes Sapium seedlings, with soil disturbance only affecting density of Celtis. Together the results of these experiments suggest that the success of Sapium may depend on high rates of seed input into these ecosystems and high growth potential, as well as performance advantages of seedlings caused by low rates of herbivory.
Extracted statement — Sub-hypothesis: P AN
Research field: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Title: Are invaders disturbance-limited? Conservation of mountain grasslands in Central Argentina
Abstract: Abstract Extensive areas in the mountain grasslands of central Argentina are heavily invaded by alien species from Europe. A decrease in biodiversity and a loss of palatable species is also observed. The invasibility of the tall-grass mountain grassland community was investigated in an experiment of factorial design. Six alien species which are widely distributed in the region were sown in plots where soil disturbance, above-ground biomass removal by cutting and burning were used as treatments. Alien species did not establish in undisturbed plots. All three types of disturbances increased the number and cover of alien species; the effects of soil disturbance and biomass removal was cumulative. Cirsium vulgare and Oenothera erythrosepala were the most efficient alien colonizers. In conditions where disturbances did not continue the cover of aliens started to decrease in the second year, by the end of the third season, only a few adults were established. Consequently, disturbances are needed to maintain ali...
Extracted statement — Measure of disturbance: soil disturbance, above-ground biomass removal by cutting and burning
Research field: Engineering
Title: Glucose Biosensor Based on Disposable Activated Carbon Electrodes Modified with Platinum Nanoparticles Electrodeposited on Poly(Azure A)
Abstract: Herein, a novel electrochemical glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on a surface containing platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) electrodeposited on poly(Azure A) (PAA) previously electropolymerized on activated screen-printed carbon electrodes (GOx-PtNPs-PAA-aSPCEs) is reported. The resulting electrochemical biosensor was validated towards glucose oxidation in real samples and further electrochemical measurement associated with the generated H2O2. The electrochemical biosensor showed an excellent sensitivity (42.7 μA mM−1 cm−2), limit of detection (7.6 μM), linear range (20 μM–2.3 mM), and good selectivity towards glucose determination. Furthermore, and most importantly, the detection of glucose was performed at a low potential (0.2 V vs. Ag). The high performance of the electrochemical biosensor was explained through surface exploration using field emission SEM, XPS, and impedance measurements. The electrochemical biosensor was successfully applied to glucose quantification in several real samples (commercial juices and a plant cell culture medium), exhibiting a high accuracy when compared with a classical spectrophotometric method. This electrochemical biosensor can be easily prepared and opens up a good alternative in the development of new sensitive glucose sensors.
Extracted statement — Sensing material: Glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on a surface containing platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) electrodeposited on poly(Azure A) (PAA)
Research field: Engineering
Title: A zipper RF MEMS tunable capacitor with interdigitated RF and actuation electrodes
Abstract: This paper presents a new RF MEMS tunable capacitor based on the zipper principle and with interdigitated RF and actuation electrodes. The electrode configuration prevents dielectric charging under high actuation voltages. It also increases the capacitance ratio and the tunable analog range. The effect of the residual stress on the capacitance tunability is also investigated. Two devices with different interdigital RF and actuation electrodes are fabricated on an alumina substrate and result in a capacitance ratio around 3.0 (Cmin = 70?90 fF, Cmax = 240?270 fF) and with a Q > 100 at 3 GHz. This design can be used in wideband tunable filters and matching networks.
Extracted statement — keywords: Interdigitated RF
Research field: Engineering
Title: Thermal annealing effect on β-Ga2O3 thin film solar blind photodetector heteroepitaxially grown on sapphire substrate
Abstract: This paper presents the effect of thermal annealing on β‐Ga2O3 thin film solar‐blind (SB) photodetector (PD) synthesized on c‐plane sapphire substrates by a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). The thin films were synthesized using high purity gallium (Ga) and oxygen (O2) as source precursors. The annealing was performed ex situ the under the oxygen atmosphere, which helped to reduce oxygen or oxygen‐related vacancies in the thin film. Metal/semiconductor/metal (MSM) type photodetectors were fabricated using both the as‐grown and annealed films. The PDs fabricated on the annealed films had lower dark current, higher photoresponse and improved rejection ratio (R250/R370 and R250/R405) compared to the ones fabricated on the as‐grown films. These improved PD performances are due to the significant reduction of the photo‐generated carriers trapped by oxygen or oxygen‐related vacancies.
Extracted statement — Film deposition method: Low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD)
Research field: Environmental Health
Title: Design and Implementation of e-Health System Based on Semantic Sensor Network Using IETF YANG
Abstract: Recently, healthcare services can be delivered effectively to patients anytime and anywhere using e-Health systems. e-Health systems are developed through Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) that involve sensors, mobiles, and web-based applications for the delivery of healthcare services and information. Remote healthcare is an important purpose of the e-Health system. Usually, the eHealth system includes heterogeneous sensors from diverse manufacturers producing data in different formats. Device interoperability and data normalization is a challenging task that needs research attention. Several solutions are proposed in the literature based on manual interpretation through explicit programming. However, programmatically implementing the interpretation of the data sender and data receiver in the e-Health system for the data transmission is counterproductive as modification will be required for each new device added into the system. In this paper, an e-Health system with the Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) is proposed to address the device interoperability issue. In the proposed system, we have used IETF YANG for modeling the semantic e-Health data to represent the information of e-Health sensors. This modeling scheme helps in provisioning semantic interoperability between devices and expressing the sensing data in a user-friendly manner. For this purpose, we have developed an ontology for e-Health data that supports different styles of data formats. The ontology is defined in YANG for provisioning semantic interpretation of sensing data in the system by constructing meta-models of e-Health sensors. The proposed approach assists in the auto-configuration of eHealth sensors and querying the sensor network with semantic interoperability support for the e-Health system.
Extracted statement — Has method: modeling the semantic e-Health data to represent the information of e-Health sensors
Research field: Environmental Health
Title: An ontology-based healthcare monitoring system in the Internet of Things
Abstract: Continuous health monitoring is a hopeful solution that can efficiently provide health-related services to elderly people suffering from chronic diseases. The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have led to their adoption in the development of new healthcare systems for efficient healthcare monitoring, diagnosis and treatment. This paper presents a healthcare-IoT based system where an ontology is proposed to provide semantic interoperability among heterogeneous devices and users in healthcare domain. Our work consists on integrating existing ontologies related to health, IoT domain and time, instantiating classes, and establishing reasoning rules. The model created has been validated by semantic querying. The results show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed ontology and its capability to grow into a more understanding and specialized ontology for health monitoring and treatment.
Extracted statement — Has result: show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed ontology
Research field: Environmental Health
Title: Meaningful Integration of Data from Heterogeneous Health Services and Home Environment Based on Ontology
Abstract: The development of electronic health records, wearable devices, health applications and Internet of Things (IoT)-empowered smart homes is promoting various applications. It also makes health self-management much more feasible, which can partially mitigate one of the challenges that the current healthcare system is facing. Effective and convenient self-management of health requires the collaborative use of health data and home environment data from different services, devices, and even open data on the Web. Although health data interoperability standards including HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) and IoT ontology including Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) have been developed and promoted, it is impossible for all the different categories of services to adopt the same standard in the near future. This study presents a method that applies Semantic Web technologies to integrate the health data and home environment data from heterogeneously built services and devices. We propose a Web Ontology Language (OWL)-based integration ontology that models health data from HL7 FHIR standard implemented services, normal Web services and Web of Things (WoT) services and Linked Data together with home environment data from formal ontology-described WoT services. It works on the resource integration layer of the layered integration architecture. An example use case with a prototype implementation shows that the proposed method successfully integrates the health data and home environment data into a resource graph. The integrated data are annotated with semantics and ontological links, which make them machine-understandable and cross-system reusable.
Extracted statement — Has result: successfully integrates the health data and home environment data into a resource graph
Research field: Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology
Title: The Effect of Hydroxycinnamic Acids on the Microbial Mineralisation of Phenanthrene in Soil
Abstract: The effect of hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, ferulic and p-coumaric acids) on the microbial mineralisation of phenanthrene in soil slurry by the indigenous microbial community has been investigated. The rate and extent of 14C–phenanthrenemineralisation in artificially spiked soils were monitored in the absence of hydroxycinnamic acids and presence of hydroxycinnamic acids applied at three different concentrations (50, 100 and 200 µg kg-1) either as single compounds or as a mixture of hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, ferulic and p-coumaric acids at a 1:1:1 ratio). The highest extent of 14C–phenanthrene mineralisation (P 200 µg kg-1. Depending on its concentrationin soil, hydroxycinnamic acids can either stimulate or inhibit mineralisation of phenanthrene by indigenous soil microbial community. Therefore, effective understanding of phytochemical–microbe–organic contaminant interactions is essential for further development of phytotechnologies for remediation of PAH–contaminated soils.
Extracted statement — Implication: Depending on its concentrationin soil, hydroxycinnamic acids can either stimulate or inhibit mineralisation of phenanthrene by indigenous soil microbial community.
Research field: Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology
Title: The Effect of Hydroxycinnamic Acids on the Microbial Mineralisation of Phenanthrene in Soil
Abstract: The effect of hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, ferulic and p-coumaric acids) on the microbial mineralisation of phenanthrene in soil slurry by the indigenous microbial community has been investigated. The rate and extent of 14C–phenanthrenemineralisation in artificially spiked soils were monitored in the absence of hydroxycinnamic acids and presence of hydroxycinnamic acids applied at three different concentrations (50, 100 and 200 µg kg-1) either as single compounds or as a mixture of hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, ferulic and p-coumaric acids at a 1:1:1 ratio). The highest extent of 14C–phenanthrene mineralisation (P 200 µg kg-1. Depending on its concentrationin soil, hydroxycinnamic acids can either stimulate or inhibit mineralisation of phenanthrene by indigenous soil microbial community. Therefore, effective understanding of phytochemical–microbe–organic contaminant interactions is essential for further development of phytotechnologies for remediation of PAH–contaminated soils.
Extracted statement — Implication: Therefore, effective understanding of phytochemical–microbe–organic contaminant interactions is essential for further development of phytotechnologies for remediation of PAH–contaminated soils.
Research field: Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology
Title: The Effect of Rhizosphere Soil and Root Tissues Amendment on Microbial Mineralisation of Target 14C–Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soil
Abstract: The effect of rhizosphere soil or root tissues amendments on the microbial mineralisation of hydrocarbons in soil slurry by the indigenous microbial communities has been investigated. In this study, rhizosphere soil and root tissues of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), channel grass (Vallisneria spiralis), blackberry (Rubus fructicosus) and goat willow (Salix caprea) were collected from the former Shell and Imperial Industries (ICI) Refinery site in Lancaster, UK. The rates and extents of 14C–hydrocarbons (naphthalene, phenanthrene, hexadecane or octacosane) mineralisation in artificially spiked soils were monitored in the absence and presence of 5% (wet weight) of rhizosphere soil or root tissues. Respirometric and microbial assays were monitored in fresh (0 d) and pre–incubated (28 d) artificially spiked soils following amendment with rhizosphere soil or root tissues. There were significant increases (P < 0.001) in the extents of 14C–naphthalene and 14C–phenanthrene mineralisation in fresh artificially spiked soils amended with rhizosphere soil and root tissues compared to those measured in unamended soils. However, amendment of fresh artificially spiked soils with rhizosphere soil and root tissues did not enhance the microbial mineralisation of 14C–hexadecane or 14C–octacosane by indigenous microbial communities. Apart from artificially spiked soil systems containing naphthalene (amended with reed canary grass and channel grass rhizosphere) and hexadecane amended with goat willow rhizosphere, microbial mineralisation of hydrocarbons was further enhanced following 28 d soil–organic contaminants pre–exposure and subsequent amendment with rhizosphere soil or root tissues. This study suggests that organic chemicals in roots and/or rhizosphere can enhance the microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in freshly contaminated soil by supporting higher numbers of hydrocarbon–degrading populations, promoting microbial activity and/or enhancing bioavailability of organic contaminants.
Extracted statement — Implication: This study suggests that organic chemicals in roots and/or rhizosphere can enhance the microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in freshly contaminated soil by supporting higher numbers of hydrocarbon–degrading populations, promoting microbial activity and/or enhancing bioavailability of organic contaminants.
Research field: Environmental Sciences
Title: Petroleum Exploration and Production: Past and Present Environmental Issues in the Nigeria’s Niger Delta
Abstract: Petroleum exploration and production in the Nigeria’s Niger Delta region and export of oil and gas resources by the petroleum sector has substantially improved the nation’s economy over the past five decades. However, activities associated with petroleum exploration, development and production operations have local detrimental and significant impacts on the atmosphere, soils and sediments, surface and groundwater, marine environment and terrestrial ecosystems in the Niger Delta. Discharges of petroleum hydrocarbon and petroleum–derived waste streams have caused environmental pollution, adverse human health effects, socio–economic problems and degradation of host communities in the 9 oil–producing states in the Niger Delta region. Many approaches have been developed for the management of environmental impacts of petroleum production–related activities and several environmental laws have been institutionalized to regulate the Nigerian petroleum industry. However, the existing statutory laws and regulations for environmental protection appear to be grossly inadequate and some of the multinational oil companies operating in the Niger Delta region have failed to adopt sustainable practices to prevent environmental pollution. This review examines the implications of multinational oil companies operations and further highlights some of the past and present environmental issues associated with petroleum exploitation and production in the Nigeria’s Niger Delta. Although effective understanding of petroleum production and associated environmental degradation is importance for developing management strategies, there is a need for more multidisciplinary approaches for sustainable risk mitigation and effective environmental protection of the oil–producing host communities in the Niger Delta.
Extracted statement — Has evaluation: Although effective understanding of petroleum production and associated environmental degradation is importance for developing management strategies, there is a need for more multidisciplinary approaches for sustainable risk mitigation and effective environmental protection of the oil–producing host communities in the Niger Delta.
Research field: Environmental Sciences
Title: Role of Plants and Microbes in Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Contaminated Soils
Abstract: Petroleum hydrocarbons contamination of soil, sediments and marine environment associated with the inadvertent discharges of petroleum–derived chemical wastes and petroleum hydrocarbons associated with spillage and other sources into the environment often pose harmful effects on human health and the natural environment, and have negative socio–economic impacts in the oil–producing host communities. In practice, plants and microbes have played a major role in microbial transformation and growth–linked mineralization of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils and/or sediments over the past years. Bioremediation strategies has been recognized as an environmental friendly and cost–effective alternative in comparison with the traditional physico-chemical approaches for the restoration and reclamation of contaminated sites. The success of any plant–based remediation strategy depends on the interaction of plants with rhizospheric microbial populations in the surrounding soil medium and the organic contaminant. Effective understanding of the fate and behaviour of organic contaminants in the soil can help determine the persistence of the contaminant in the terrestrial environment, promote the success of any bioremediation approach and help develop a high–level of risks mitigation strategies. In this review paper, we provide a clear insight into the role of plants and microbes in the microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soil that have emerged from the growing body of bioremediation research and its applications in practice. In addition, plant–microbe interactions have been discussed with respect to biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and these could provide a better understanding of some important factors necessary for development of in situ bioremediation strategies for risks mitigation in petroleum hydrocarbon–contaminated soil.
Extracted statement — Has result: Bioremediation strategies has been recognized as an environmental friendly and cost–effective alternative in comparison with the traditional physico-chemical approaches for the restoration and reclamation of contaminated sites. The success of any plant–based remediation strategy depends on the interaction of plants with rhizospheric microbial populations in the surrounding soil medium and the organic contaminant.