Moussab/ORKG-training-evaluation-set huggingface dataset:
Research field: Virology
Title: Development of Real-Time Molecular Assays for the Detection of Wesselsbron Virus
Abstract: Wesselsbron is a neglected, mosquito-borne zoonotic disease endemic to Africa. The virus is mainly transmitted by the mosquitoes of the Aedes genus and primarily affects domestic livestock species with teratogenic effects but can jump to humans. Although no major outbreak or fatal case in humans has been reported as yet worldwide, a total of 31 acute human cases of Wesselsbron infection have been previously described since its first isolation in 1955. However, most of these cases were reported from Sub-Saharan Africa where resources are limited and a lack of diagnostic means exists. We describe here two molecular diagnostic tools suitable for Wesselsbron virus detection. The newly established reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and reverse-transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification assays are highly specific and repeatable, and exhibit good agreement with the reference assay on the samples tested. The validation on clinical and veterinary samples shows that they can be accurately used for Wesselsbron virus detection in public health activities and the veterinary field. Considering the increasing extension of Aedes species worldwide, these new assays could be useful not only in laboratory studies for Wesselsbron virus, but also in routine surveillance activities for zoonotic arboviruses and could be applied in well-equipped central laboratories or in remote areas in Africa, regarding the reverse-transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification assay.
Extracted statement — has location: Africa
Research field: Virology
Title: Dynamics of Antibodies to Ebolaviruses in an Eidolon helvum Bat Colony in
Abstract: The ecology of ebolaviruses is still poorly understood and the role of bats in outbreaks needs to be further clarified. Straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) are the most common fruit bats in Africa and antibodies to ebolaviruses have been documented in this species. Between December 2018 and November 2019, samples were collected at approximately monthly intervals in roosting and feeding sites from 820 bats from an Eidolon helvum colony. Dried blood spots (DBS) were tested for antibodies to Zaire, Sudan, and Bundibugyo ebolaviruses. The proportion of samples reactive with GP antigens increased significantly with age from 0–9/220 (0–4.1%) in juveniles to 26–158/225 (11.6–70.2%) in immature adults and 10–225/372 (2.7–60.5%) in adult bats. Antibody responses were lower in lactating females. Viral RNA was not detected in 456 swab samples collected from 152 juvenile and 214 immature adult bats. Overall, our study shows that antibody levels increase in young bats suggesting that seroconversion to Ebola or related viruses occurs in older juvenile and immature adult bats. Multiple year monitoring would be needed to confirm this trend. Knowledge of the periods of the year with the highest risk of Ebolavirus circulation can guide the implementation of strategies to mitigate spill-over events.
Extracted statement — has location: Africa
Research field: Virology
Title: Alphacoronavirus in a Daubenton’s Myotis Bat (Myotis daubentonii) in Sweden.
Abstract: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated a search for reservoirs and species potentially involved in back and forth transmission. Studies have postulated bats as one of the key reservoirs of coronaviruses (CoVs), and different CoVs have been detected in bats. So far, CoVs have not been found in bats in Sweden and we therefore tested whether they carry CoVs. In summer 2020, we sampled a total of 77 adult bats comprising 74 Myotis daubentonii, 2 Pipistrellus pygmaeus, and 1 M. mystacinus bats in southern Sweden. Blood, saliva and feces were sampled, processed and subjected to a virus next-generation sequencing target enrichment protocol. An Alphacoronavirus was detected and sequenced from feces of a M. daubentonii adult female bat. Phylogenetic analysis of the almost complete virus genome revealed a close relationship with Finnish and Danish strains. This was the first finding of a CoV in bats in Sweden, and bats may play a role in the transmission cycle of CoVs in Sweden. Focused and targeted surveillance of CoVs in bats is warranted, with consideration of potential conflicts between public health and nature conservation required as many bat species in Europe are threatened and protected.
Extracted statement — has location: Europe
Research field: Virology
Title: Full-genome sequences of the first two SARS-CoV-2 viruses from India
Abstract: Background & objectives: Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has globally affected 195 countries. In India, suspected cases were screened for SARS-CoV-2 as per the advisory of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The objective of this study was to characterize SARS-CoV-2 sequences from three identified positive cases as on February 29, 2020. Methods: Throat swab/nasal swab specimens for a total of 881 suspected cases were screened by E gene and confirmed by RdRp (1), RdRp (2) and N gene real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions and next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis, molecular characterization and prediction of B- and T-cell epitopes for Indian SARS-CoV-2 sequences were undertaken. Results: Three cases with a travel history from Wuhan, China, were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2. Almost complete (29,851 nucleotides) genomes of case 1, case 3 and a fragmented genome for case 2 were obtained. The sequences of Indian SARS-CoV-2 though not identical showed high (~99.98%) identity with Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus (accession number: NC 045512). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Indian sequences belonged to different clusters. Predicted linear B-cell epitopes were found to be concentrated in the S1 domain of spike protein, and a conformational epitope was identified in the receptor-binding domain. The predicted T-cell epitopes showed broad human leucocyte antigen allele coverage of A and B supertypes predominant in the Indian population. Interpretation & conclusions: The two SARS-CoV-2 sequences obtained from India represent two different introductions into the country. The genetic heterogeneity is as noted globally. The identified B- and T-cell epitopes may be considered suitable for future experiments towards the design of vaccines and diagnostics. Continuous monitoring and analysis of the sequences of new cases from India and the other affected countries would be vital to understand the genetic evolution and rates of substitution of the SARS-CoV-2.
Extracted statement — has location: Wuhan, China
Research field: Virology
Title: Dynamics of Antibodies to Ebolaviruses in an Eidolon helvum Bat Colony in
Abstract: The ecology of ebolaviruses is still poorly understood and the role of bats in outbreaks needs to be further clarified. Straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) are the most common fruit bats in Africa and antibodies to ebolaviruses have been documented in this species. Between December 2018 and November 2019, samples were collected at approximately monthly intervals in roosting and feeding sites from 820 bats from an Eidolon helvum colony. Dried blood spots (DBS) were tested for antibodies to Zaire, Sudan, and Bundibugyo ebolaviruses. The proportion of samples reactive with GP antigens increased significantly with age from 0–9/220 (0–4.1%) in juveniles to 26–158/225 (11.6–70.2%) in immature adults and 10–225/372 (2.7–60.5%) in adult bats. Antibody responses were lower in lactating females. Viral RNA was not detected in 456 swab samples collected from 152 juvenile and 214 immature adult bats. Overall, our study shows that antibody levels increase in young bats suggesting that seroconversion to Ebola or related viruses occurs in older juvenile and immature adult bats. Multiple year monitoring would be needed to confirm this trend. Knowledge of the periods of the year with the highest risk of Ebolavirus circulation can guide the implementation of strategies to mitigate spill-over events.
Extracted statement — has location: Zaire
Research field: Virology
Title: Case fatality risk of the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern B.1.1.7 in England
Abstract: The B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC) is increasing in prevalence across Europe. Accurate estimation of disease severity associated with this VOC is critical for pandemic planning. We found increased risk of death for VOC compared with non-VOC cases in England (HR: 1.67 (95% CI: 1.34 - 2.09; P<.0001). Absolute risk of death by 28-days increased with age and comorbidities. VOC has potential to spread faster with higher mortality than the pandemic to date.
Extracted statement — location: England
Research field: Occupational psychology
Title: Acceptance of Workplace Bullying Behaviors and Job Satisfaction: Moderated Mediation Analysis With Coping Self-Efficacy and Exposure to Bullying
Abstract: Previous research explored workplace climate as a factor of workplace bullying and coping with workplace bullying, but these concepts were not closely related to workplace bullying behaviors (WBBs). To examine whether the perceived exposure to bullying mediates the relationship between the climate of accepting WBBs and job satisfaction under the condition of different levels of WBBs coping self-efficacy beliefs, we performed moderated mediation analysis. The Negative Acts Questionnaire – Revised was given to 329 employees from Serbia for assessing perceived exposure to bullying. Leaving the original scale items, the instruction of the original Negative Acts Questionnaire – Revised was modified for assessing (1) the climate of accepting WBBs and (2) WBBs coping self-efficacy beliefs. There was a significant negative relationship between exposure to bullying and job satisfaction. WBB acceptance climate was positively related to exposure to workplace bullying and negatively related to job satisfaction. WBB acceptance climate had an indirect relationship with job satisfaction through bullying exposure, and the relationship between WBB acceptance and exposure to bullying was weaker among those who believed that they were more efficient in coping with workplace bullying. Workplace bullying could be sustained by WBB acceptance climate which threatens the job-related outcomes. WBBs coping self-efficacy beliefs have some buffering effects.
Extracted statement — Country : Serbia
Research field: Analytical Chemistry
Title: Cu2O nanorods modified by reduced graphene oxide for NH3 sensing at room temperature
Abstract: In this work, Cu2O nanorods modified by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were produced via a two-step synthesis method. CuO rods were firstly prepared in graphene oxide (GO) solution using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a soft template by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, accompanied with the reduction of GO. The complexes were subsequently annealed and Cu2O nanorods/rGO composites were obtained. The as-prepared composites were evaluated using various characterization methods, and were utilized as sensing materials. The room-temperature NH3 sensing properties of a sensor based on the Cu2O nanorods/rGO composites were systematically investigated. The sensor exhibited an excellent sensitivity and linear response toward NH3 at room temperature. Furthermore, the sensor could be easily recovered to its initial state in a short time after exposure to fresh air. The sensor also showed excellent repeatability and selectivity to NH3. The remarkably enhanced NH3-sensing performances could be attributed to the improved conductivity, catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction and increased gas adsorption in the unique hybrid composites. Such composites showed great potential for manufacturing a new generation of low-power and portable ammonia sensors.
Extracted statement — Sensing environment: Air
Research field: Analytical Chemistry
Title: Layer-by-Layer Assembled Conductive Metal-Organic Framework Nanofilms for Room-Temperature Chemiresistive Sensing
Abstract: The utility of electronically conductive metal-organic frameworks (EC-MOFs) in high-performance devices has been limited to date by a lack of high-quality thin film. The controllable thin-film fabrication of an EC-MOF, Cu3 (HHTP)2 , (HHTP=2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene), by a spray layer-by-layer liquid-phase epitaxial method is reported. The Cu3 (HHTP)2 thin film can not only be precisely prepared with thickness increment of about 2 nm per growing cycle, but also shows a smooth surface, good crystallinity, and high orientation. The chemiresistor gas sensor based on this high-quality thin film is one of the best room-temperature sensors for NH3 among all reported sensors based on various materials.
Extracted statement — Architecture: Chemiresistor
Research field: Analytical Chemistry
Title: CuO Nanosheets for Sensitive and Selective Determination of H2S with High Recovery Ability
Abstract: In this article, cupric oxide (CuO) leafletlike nanosheets have been synthesized by a facile, low-cost, and surfactant-free method, and they have further been successfully developed for sensitive and selective determination of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with high recovery ability. The experimental results have revealed that the sensitivity and recovery time of the present H2S gas sensor are strongly dependent on the working temperature. The best H2S sensing performance has been achieved with a low detection limit of 2 ppb and broad linear range from 30 ppb to 1.2 ppm. The gas sensor is reversible, with a quick response time of 4 s and a short recovery time of 9 s. In addition, negligible responses can be observed exposed to 100-fold concentrations of other gases which may exist in the atmosphere such as nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), nitric oxide (NO), cabon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen (H2), and so on, indicating relatively high selectivity of the present H2S sensor. The H2S sensor based on t...
Extracted statement — Sensing material: CuO
Research field: Analytical Chemistry
Title: Graphene Nanomesh As Highly Sensitive Chemiresistor Gas Sensor
Abstract: Graphene is a one atom thick carbon allotrope with all surface atoms that has attracted significant attention as a promising material as the conduction channel of a field-effect transistor and chemical field-effect transistor sensors. However, the zero bandgap of semimetal graphene still limits its application for these devices. In this work, ethanol-chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of a grown p-type semiconducting large-area monolayer graphene film was patterned into a nanomesh by the combination of nanosphere lithography and reactive ion etching and evaluated as a field-effect transistor and chemiresistor gas sensors. The resulting neck-width of the synthesized nanomesh was about ∼20 nm and was comprised of the gap between polystyrene (PS) spheres that was formed during the reactive ion etching (RIE) process. The neck-width and the periodicities of the graphene nanomesh (GNM) could be easily controlled depending on the duration/power of the RIE and the size of the PS nanospheres. The fabricated GNM transistor device exhibited promising electronic properties featuring a high drive current and an I(ON)/I(OFF) ratio of about 6, significantly higher than its film counterpart. Similarly, when applied as a chemiresistor gas sensor at room temperature, the graphene nanomesh sensor showed excellent sensitivity toward NO(2) and NH(3), significantly higher than their film counterparts. The ethanol-based graphene nanomesh sensors exhibited sensitivities of about 4.32%/ppm in NO(2) and 0.71%/ppm in NH(3) with limits of detection of 15 and 160 ppb, respectively. Our demonstrated studies on controlling the neck width of the nanomesh would lead to further improvement of graphene-based transistors and sensors.
Extracted statement — Sensing material: Graphene
Research field: Analytical Chemistry
Title: Sub-ppt gas detection with pristine graphene
Abstract: Graphene is widely regarded as one of the most promising materials for sensor applications. Here, we demonstrate that a pristine graphene can detect gas molecules at extremely low concentrations with detection limits as low as 158 parts-per-quadrillion (ppq) for a range of gas molecules at room temperature. The unprecedented sensitivity was achieved by applying our recently developed concept of continuous in situ cleaning of the sensing material with ultraviolet light. The simplicity of the concept, together with graphene’s flexibility to be used on various platforms, is expected to intrigue more investigations to develop ever more sensitive sensors.
Extracted statement — Sensing material: Graphene
Research field: Analytical Chemistry
Title: Hydrogen Sensing Using Pd-Functionalized Multi-Layer Graphene Nanoribbon Networks
Abstract: www.MaterialsViews.com C O M M Hydrogen Sensing Using Pd-Functionalized Multi-Layer Graphene Nanoribbon Networks U N IC By Jason L. Johnson , Ashkan Behnam , S. J. Pearton , and Ant Ural * A IO N Sensing of gas molecules is critical in many fi elds including environmental monitoring, transportation, defense, space missions, energy, agriculture, and medicine. Solid state gas sensors have been developed for many of these applications. [ 1–3 ] More recently, chemical gas sensors based on nanoscale materials, such as carbon nanotubes and semiconductor nanowires, have attracted signifi cant research attention due to their naturally small size, large surface-to-volume ratio, low power consumption, room temperature operation, and simple fabrication. [ 4–6 ]
Extracted statement — Analyte: Hydrogen
Research field: Analytical Chemistry
Title: Flower-like Palladium Nanoclusters Decorated Graphene Electrodes for Ultrasensitive and Flexible Hydrogen Gas Sensing
Abstract: Abstract Flower-like palladium nanoclusters (FPNCs) are electrodeposited onto graphene electrode that are prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The CVD graphene layer is transferred onto a poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) film to provide a mechanical stability and flexibility. The surface of the CVD graphene is functionalized with diaminonaphthalene (DAN) to form flower shapes. Palladium nanoparticles act as templates to mediate the formation of FPNCs, which increase in size with reaction time. The population of FPNCs can be controlled by adjusting the DAN concentration as functionalization solution. These FPNCs_CG electrodes are sensitive to hydrogen gas at room temperature. The sensitivity and response time as a function of the FPNCs population are investigated, resulted in improved performance with increasing population. Furthermore, the minimum detectable level (MDL) of hydrogen is 0.1 ppm, which is at least 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of chemical sensors based on other Pd-based hybrid materials.
Extracted statement — Analyte: Hydrogen
Research field: Analytical Chemistry
Title: Hydrogen gas sensor based on metal oxide nanoparticles decorated graphene transistor
Abstract: In this work, in order to enhance the performance of graphene gas sensors, graphene and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are combined to be utilized for high selectivity and fast response gas detection. Whether at the relatively optimal temperature or even room temperature, our gas sensors based on graphene transistors, decorated with SnO2 NPs, exhibit fast response and short recovery times (∼1 seconds) at 50 °C when the hydrogen concentration is 100 ppm. Specifically, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy are employed to explore the interface properties between graphene and SnO2 NPs. Through the complimentary characterization, a mechanism based on charge transfer and band alignment is elucidated to explain the physical originality of these graphene gas sensors: high carrier mobility of graphene and small energy barrier between graphene and SnO2 NPs have ensured a fast response and a high sensitivity and selectivity of the devices. Generally, these gas sensors will facilitate the rapid development of next-generation hydrogen gas detection.
Extracted statement — Analyte: Hydrogen
Research field: Animal Sciences
Title: Disposition and clinical use of bromide in cats
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To establish a dosing regimen for potassium bromide and evaluate use of bromide to treat spontaneous seizures in cats. DESIGN Prospective and retrospective studies. ANIMALS 7 healthy adult male cats and records of 17 cats with seizures. PROCEDURE Seven healthy cats were administered potassium bromide (15 mg/kg [6.8 mg/lb], p.o., q 12 h) until steady-state concentrations were reached. Serum samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were obtained weekly until bromide concentrations were not detectable. Clinical data were obtained from records of 17 treated cats. RESULTS In the prospective study, maximum serum bromide concentration was 1.1 +/- 0.2 mg/mL at 8 weeks. Mean disappearance half-life was 1.6 +/- 0.2 weeks. Steady state was achieved at a mean of 5.3 +/-1.1 weeks. No adverse effects were detected and bromide was well tolerated. In the retrospective study, administration of bromide (n = 4) or bromide and phenobarbital (3) was associated with eradication of seizures in 7 of 15 cats (serum bromide concentration range, 1.0 to 1.6 mg/mL); however, bromide administration was associated with adverse effects in 8 of 16 cats. Coughing developed in 6 of these cats, leading to euthanasia in 1 cat and discontinuation of bromide administration in 2 cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Therapeutic concentrations of bromide are attained within 2 weeks in cats that receive 30 mg/kg/d (13.6 mg/lb/d) orally. Although somewhat effective in seizure control, the incidence of adverse effects may not warrant routine use of bromide for control of seizures in cats.
Extracted statement — Most common adverse effects: Cough
Research field: Animal Sciences
Title: Bromide-associated lower airway disease: a retrospective study of seven cats
Abstract: Seven cats were presented for mild-to-moderate cough and/or dyspnoea after starting bromide (Br) therapy for neurological diseases. The thoracic auscultation was abnormal in three cats showing increased respiratory sounds and wheezes. Haematology revealed mild eosinophilia in one cat. The thoracic radiographs showed bronchial patterns with peribronchial cuffing in most of them. Bronchoalveolar lavage performed in two cats revealed neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation. Histopathology conducted in one cat showed endogenous lipid pneumonia (EnLP). All cats improved with steroid therapy after Br discontinuation. Five cats were completely weaned off steroids, with no recurrence of clinical signs. In one cat, the treatment was discontinued despite persistent clinical signs. The cat presenting with EnLP developed secondary pneumothorax and did not recover. Br-associated lower airway disease can appear in cats after months of treatment and clinical improvement occurs only after discontinuing Br therapy.
Extracted statement — Most common adverse effects: Cough