Moussab/ORKG-training-evaluation-set huggingface dataset:
Research field: Botany
Title: Patterns, sources and ecological implications of clonal diversity in apomictic Ranunculus carpaticola (Ranunculus auricomus complex, Ranunculaceae): CLONAL DIVERSITY IN APOMICTIC RANUNCULUS
Abstract: Sources and implications of genetic diversity in agamic complexes are still under debate. Population studies (amplified fragment length polymorphisms, microsatellites) and karyological methods (Feulgen DNA image densitometry and flow cytometry) were employed for characterization of genetic diversity and ploidy levels of 10 populations of Ranunculus carpaticola in central Slovakia. Whereas two diploid populations showed high levels of genetic diversity, as expected for sexual reproduction, eight populations are hexaploid and harbour lower degrees of genotypic variation, but maintain high levels of heterozygosity at many loci, as is typical for apomicts. Polyploid populations consist either of a single AFLP genotype or of one dominant and a few deviating genotypes. genotype/genodive and character incompatibility analyses suggest that genotypic variation within apomictic populations is caused by mutations, but in one population probably also by recombination. This local facultative sexuality may have a great impact on regional genotypic diversity. Two microsatellite loci discriminated genotypes separated by the accumulation of few mutations (‘clone mates’) within each AFLP clone. Genetic diversity is partitioned mainly among apomictic populations and is not geographically structured, which may be due to facultative sexuality and/or multiple colonizations of sites by different clones. Habitat differentiation and a tendency to inhabit artificial meadows is more pronounced in apomictic than in sexual populations. We hypothesize that maintenance of genetic diversity and superior colonizing abilities of apomicts in temporally and spatially heterogeneous environments are important for their distributional success.
Extracted statement — Location : Central Slovakia
Research field: Botany
Title: Intraspecific ecological niche divergence and reproductive shifts foster cytotype displacement and provide ecological opportunity to polyploids
Abstract: Background and Aims Niche divergence between polyploids and their lower ploidy progenitors is one of the primary mechanisms fostering polyploid establishment and adaptive divergence. However, within-species chromosomal and reproductive variability have usually been neglected in community ecology and biodiversity analyses even though they have been recognized to play a role in the adaptive diversification of lineages. Methods We used Paspalum intermedium, a grass species with diverging genetic systems (diploidy vs. autopolyploidy, allogamy vs. autogamy and sexuality vs. apomixis), to recognize the causality of biogeographic patterns, adaptation and ecological flexibility of cytotypes. Chromosome counts and flow cytometry were used to characterize within-species genetic systems diversity. Environmental niche modelling was used to evaluate intraspecific ecological attributes associated with environmental and climatic factors and to assess correlations among ploidy, reproductive modes and ecological conditions ruling species' population dynamics, range expansion, adaptation and evolutionary history. Key Results Two dominant cytotypes non-randomly distributed along local and regional geographical scales displayed niche differentiation, a directional shift in niche optima and signs of disruptive selection on ploidy-related ecological aptitudes for the exploitation of environmental resources. Ecologically specialized allogamous sexual diploids were found in northern areas associated with higher temperature, humidity and productivity, while generalist autogamous apomictic tetraploids occurred in southern areas, occupying colder and less productive environments. Four localities with a documented shift in ploidy and four mixed populations in a zone of ecological transition revealed an uneven replacement between cytotypes. Conclusions Polyploidy and contrasting reproductive traits between cytotypes have promoted shifts in niche optima, and increased ecological tolerance and niche divergence. Ecologically specialized diploids maintain cytotype stability in core areas by displacing tetraploids, while broader ecological preferences and a shift from sexuality to apomixis favoured polyploid colonization in peripheral areas where diploids are displaced, and fostered the ecological opportunity for autotetraploids supporting range expansion to open southern habitats.
Extracted statement — Species : Paspalum intermedium
Research field: Botany
Title: Difference in reproductive mode rather than ploidy explains niche differentiation in sympatric sexual and apomictic populations of
            Potentilla puberula
Abstract: Abstract Apomicts tend to have larger geographical distributional ranges and to occur in ecologically more extreme environments than their sexual progenitors. However, the expression of apomixis is typically linked to polyploidy. Thus, it is a priori not clear whether intrinsic effects related to the change in the reproductive mode or rather in the ploidy drive ecological differentiation. We used sympatric sexual and apomictic populations of Potentilla puberula to test for ecological differentiation. To distinguish the effects of reproductive mode and ploidy on the ecology of cytotypes, we compared the niches (a) of sexuals (tetraploids) and autopolyploid apomicts (penta‐, hepta‐, and octoploids) and (b) of the three apomictic cytotypes. We based comparisons on a ploidy screen of 238 populations along a latitudinal transect through the Eastern European Alps and associated bioclimatic, and soil and topographic data. Sexual tetraploids preferred primary habitats at drier, steeper, more south‐oriented slopes, while apomicts mostly occurred in human‐made habitats with higher water availability. Contrariwise, we found no or only marginal ecological differentiation among the apomictic higher ploids. Based on the pronounced ecological differences found between sexuals and apomicts, in addition to the lack of niche differentiation among cytotypes of the same reproductive mode, we conclude that reproductive mode rather than ploidy is the main driver of the observed differences. Moreover, we compared our system with others from the literature, to stress the importance of identifying alternative confounding effects (such as hybrid origin). Finally, we underline the relevance of studying ecological parthenogenesis in sympatry, to minimize the effects of differential migration abilities.
Extracted statement — Species : Potentilla puberula
Research field: Botany
Title: Patterns, sources and ecological implications of clonal diversity in apomictic Ranunculus carpaticola (Ranunculus auricomus complex, Ranunculaceae): CLONAL DIVERSITY IN APOMICTIC RANUNCULUS
Abstract: Sources and implications of genetic diversity in agamic complexes are still under debate. Population studies (amplified fragment length polymorphisms, microsatellites) and karyological methods (Feulgen DNA image densitometry and flow cytometry) were employed for characterization of genetic diversity and ploidy levels of 10 populations of Ranunculus carpaticola in central Slovakia. Whereas two diploid populations showed high levels of genetic diversity, as expected for sexual reproduction, eight populations are hexaploid and harbour lower degrees of genotypic variation, but maintain high levels of heterozygosity at many loci, as is typical for apomicts. Polyploid populations consist either of a single AFLP genotype or of one dominant and a few deviating genotypes. genotype/genodive and character incompatibility analyses suggest that genotypic variation within apomictic populations is caused by mutations, but in one population probably also by recombination. This local facultative sexuality may have a great impact on regional genotypic diversity. Two microsatellite loci discriminated genotypes separated by the accumulation of few mutations (‘clone mates’) within each AFLP clone. Genetic diversity is partitioned mainly among apomictic populations and is not geographically structured, which may be due to facultative sexuality and/or multiple colonizations of sites by different clones. Habitat differentiation and a tendency to inhabit artificial meadows is more pronounced in apomictic than in sexual populations. We hypothesize that maintenance of genetic diversity and superior colonizing abilities of apomicts in temporally and spatially heterogeneous environments are important for their distributional success.
Extracted statement — Species : Ranunculus carpaticola
Research field: Chemistry
Title: Effects of F- Doping on the Photocatalytic Activity and Microstructures of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Powders
Abstract: A novel and simple method for preparing highly photoactive nanocrystalline F--doped TiO2 photocatalyst with anatase and brookite phase was developed by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide in a mixed NH4F−H2O solution. The prepared F--doped TiO2 powders were characterized by differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry (DTA-TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV−vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectra (PL), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BET surface areas. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the photocatalytic oxidation of acetone in air. The results showed that the crystallinity of anatase was improved upon F- doping. Moreover, fluoride ions not only suppressed the formation of brookite phase but also prevented phase transition of anatase to rutile. The F--doped TiO2 samples exhibited stronger absorption in the UV−visible range with a red shift in the band gap transition. The photocatalytic activity of F--doped TiO2 powders prep...
Extracted statement — visible-light driven photocatalysis: photocatalytic oxidation of acetone
Research field: Chemistry
Title: Improved photocatalytic activity of Sn 4+ doped TiO 2 nanoparticulate films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Abstract: Sn4+ ion doped TiO2 (TiO2–Sn4+) nanoparticulate films with a doping ratio of about 7∶100 [(Sn)∶(Ti)] were prepared by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) method. The doping mode (lattice Ti substituted by Sn4+ ions) and the doping energy level of Sn4+ were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) and electric field induced surface photovoltage spectroscopy (EFISPS). It is found that the introduction of a doping energy level of Sn4+ ions is profitable to the separation of photogenerated carriers under both UV and visible light excitation. Characterization of the films with XRD and SPS indicates that after doping by Sn, more surface defects are present on the surface. Consequently, the photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of phenol in the presence of the TiO2–Sn4+ film is higher than that of the pure TiO2 film under both UV and visible light irradiation.
Extracted statement — visible-light driven photocatalysis: photodegradation of phenol
Research field: Chemistry
Title: How fast is interfacial hole transfer? In situ monitoring of carrier dynamics in anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles by femtosecond laser spectroscopy
Abstract: By comparing the transient absorption spectra of nanosized anatase TiO2 colloidal systems with and without SCN−, the broad absorption band around 520 nm observed immediately after band-gap excitation for the system without SCN− has been assigned to shallowly trapped holes. In the presence of SCN−, the absorption from the trapped holes at 520 nm cannot be observed because of the ultrafast interfacial hole transfer between TiO2 nanoparticles and SCN−. The hole and electron trapping times were estimated to be <50 and 260 fs, respectively, by the analysis of rise and decay dynamics of transient absorption spectra. The rate of the hole transfer from nanosized TiO2 colloid to SCN− is comparable to that of the hole trapping and the time of formation of a weakly coupled (SCN···SCN)•− is estimated to be ∽2.3 ps with 0.3 M KSCN. A further structural change to form a stable (SCN)2•− is observed in a timescale of 100∽150 ps, which is almost independent of the concentration of SCN−.
Extracted statement — Has output: Transient absorption
Research field: Chemistry
Title: Identification of Reactive Species in Photoexcited Nanocrystalline TiO2 Films by Wide-Wavelength-Range (400−2500 nm) Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
Abstract: Reactive species, holes, and electrons in photoexcited nanocrystalline TiO2 films were studied by transient absorption spectroscopy in the wavelength range from 400 to 2500 nm. The electron spectrum was obtained through a hole-scavenging reaction under steady-state light irradiation. The spectrum can be analyzed by a superposition of the free-electron and trapped-electron spectra. By subtracting the electron spectrum from the transient absorption spectrum, the spectrum of trapped holes was obtained. As a result, three reactive speciestrapped holes and free and trapped electronswere identified in the transient absorption spectrum. The reactivity of these species was evaluated through transient absorption spectroscopy in the presence of hole- and electron-scavenger molecules. The spectra indicate that trapped holes and electrons are localized at the surface of the particles and free electrons are distributed in the bulk.
Extracted statement — Has output: Transient absorption
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Material: a building
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Material: a consistent mathematical process model
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Data: a formal description
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Material: a prototype implementation
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Data: certain tasks
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Process: Co-operative Building Planning
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Material: different technical disciplines
Research field: Civil Engineering
Title: A Graph Based Tool for Modelling Planning Processes in Building Engineering
Abstract: The planning process of a building is very complex. Many participants with different technical disciplines are involved and work on certain tasks. To manage the planning process the project leader has to organize participants, tasks and building data. For this purpose modern information and communication technologies can be used very effi ciently. But these technologies require a formal description of the planning process. Within the research project “Relation Based Process Modelling of Co-operative Building Planning” we have defined a consistent mathematical process model for planning processes and have developed a prototype implementation of an application for modelling these processes. Our project is embedded in the priori ty program 1103 “Network-based Co-operative Planning Processes in Structural Engineering” promoted by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In this paper we present the mathematical concept of our relational process model and the tool for building up the m odel and checking the structural consistency and correctness.
Extracted statement — Material: Many participants