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وقاتلت الفرسان يوم الكتائب فيما بين أن أصبحوا إلى انتصاف النهار

The horsemen fought on the Day of the Military Units (yawm al-katib) from sunrise till midday

كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ السَّرِيُّ، عَنْ شعيب، عن سيف، عن محمد وطلحة وزياد، وشاركهم ابن مخراق عن رجل من طيئ، قالوا

According to al-Sari—Shu'ayb—Sayf—Muhammad, Talhah, and Ziyad — and Ibn Mikhraq — a man from Tayyi

لم أر يوما كان أحلى وأمر ... من يوم أغواث إذ افتر الثغر من غير ضحك كان أسوا وأبر

I have not seen a day more sweet and more bitter, worse and better than the Day of Aghwath, when the frontier was opened Without a smile

فقال أخوه في ذلك

Al-A'war's brother recited concerning this

وبارز الأعور بْن قطبة شهر براز سجستان، فقتل كل واحد منهما صاحبه

Al-A'war b. Qufbah fought Shahrbaraz Sijistan, and they killed each other

حبوته جيلشه بالنفس ... هدارة مثل شعاع الشمس في يوم أغواث فليل الفرس ... أنخس بالقوم أشد النخس حتى تفيض معشري ونفسي

I dealt him a blow that made his blood spurt and froth, like a sun ray. On the Day of Aghwath and the night of the Persians, I drove the Persians away violently, So that my soul and my people find abundance

وقال في ذلك القعقاع

Al-Qa'qa' recited concerning this

كلما حمل حمله قتل فيها، فكان آخرهم بزرجمهر الهمذاني

Whenever he launched an attack, he killed a man, the last of these being Buzurjmihr al-Hamadhani

قتل القعقاع يوم أغواث ثلاثين في ثلاثين حملة

Al-Qa'qa' killed on the Day of Aghwath thirty people in thirty attacks

كتب إلي السري، عن شعيب، عن سيف، عن مُحَمَّد وطلحة وزياد، قالوا

According to al-Sari—Shu'ayb—Sayf—Muhammad, Talhah, and Ziyad

أزعجهم عمدا بها إزعاجا أطعن طعنا صائبا ثجاجا أرجو به من جنة أفواجا

I throw them into disorder by beating; I stab, hitting the target and causing "blood" to flow. I hope "to be rewarded" for it by a multitude of people "entering" Paradise

وجعل يرتجز ويقول

He began to recite verses in the rajaz meter and said

كلما طلعت قطعة حمل حملة، وأصاب فيها

Whenever one of his units appeared, he launched an attack and hit someone

فحمل القعقاع يومئذ ثلاثين حملة

Al-Qa'qa' launched on that day thirty attacks

كَتَبَ إلي السري، عن شعيب، عن سيف، عن الغصن عن العلاء، والقاسم عن أبيه، قالا

According to al-Sari—Shu'ayb—Sayf—al-Ghusn—al-'Ala and al-Qasim — his father

وإن يأخذوا بزي فإني مجرب ... خروج من الغماء محتضر النصر وإني لحام من وراء عشيرتي ... ركوب لآثار الهوى محفل الأمر

If they take my sword—I am an experienced man, victoriously emerging from the calamity. Verily, I am a defender of my kinsmen, riding after my passion, managing the affair

فغبر في وجوههم بالتراب حتى رجع إلى أصحابه، وقال في ذلك

He threw dust into their faces and returned to his companions, reciting "the following verses" concerning this event

وأحاطت به فوارس منهم فصرعوه، وندر سلاحه عنه فاخذوه

Then Persian horsemen surrounded him and threw him down; his weapon dropped to the ground and the Persians seized it

ثم برز له آخر فقتله

Then another Persian came forth and al-A‘raf killed him as well

فبرز له الأعرف بْن الأعلم العقيلي فقتله

Al-A'raf b. al-A'lam al-'Uqayli went forth against him and killed him

وخرج رجل من أهل فارس فنادى" من يبارز

A Persian warrior went forth, calling out" "Who is going to fight me

كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ السَّرِيُّ، عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ سَيْفٍ، عن الغصن عن العلاء، والقاسم عن أبيه، قالا

According to al-Sari—Shu'ayb—Sayf—al-Ghusn—al-'Ala’ and al-Qasim — his father

أرجو بها من ربنا ثوابا ... قد كنت ممن أحسن الضرابا

I hope I shall receive reward for this from our Lord; I was one of those who fought well

وقال

He recited

فأدركه الموت على رأس ثلاثين ذراعا من مصرعه، إلى صف فارس

Death befell him thirty cubits from the place where he had been struck, in the direction of the Persian lines

فأدخله له، فأخذ بصفاقيه، ثم زحف نحو صف فارس ما يلتفت إلى المسلمين

The Muslim put his bowels back, and ‘Aba’ held the slit skin of his belly together and rushed toward the Persian lines, without turning his face to the Muslims

حتى مر به رجل من المسلمين، فقال" يا هذا، أعني على بطني

Then a Muslim passed by, and ‘Ilba’ said" "O so-and-so, help me with my belly

وأما الآخر فانتثرت أمعاؤه، فلم يستطع القيام، فعالج إدخالها فلم يتأت له

As for 'Ilba’, his bowels spilled out and he could not get up; he attempted to put his bowels back but was unable to do it

فأما الفارسي فمات من ساعته

Both fell to the ground, the Persian dying immediately

فنفحه علباء، فأسحره، ونفحه الآخر فأمعاه، وخرا

‘Ilba’ struck the Persian with his sword and pierced his chest, but the Persian struck Ilba’ with his sword and disemboweled him

فبرز له علباء بْن جحش العجلي

Ilba b. Jafish al-'Ijll went forth against him

خرج رجل من أهل فارس، ينادي" من يبارز

A Persian warrior came forth, calling out" "Who is going to fight me

كتب إلي السري، عن شعيب، عن سيف، عن الغصن عن العلاء ابن زياد، والقاسم بْن سليم، عن أبيه، قالا

According to al-Sari — Shu'ayb — Sayf — al-Ghu§n — al-'Ala’ b. Ziyad and al-Qasim b. Sulaym—his father

حتى تعرض لرستم يريده، فأصيب دونه

He stood up against Rustam, determined to kill him, but was himself killed before he could reach him

فقتل بعد ما حمل، وأبطأت عليه الشهادة

He was mortally wounded after he launched the attack, but martyrdom was slow in coming

وحمل رجل من بني تميم ممن كان يحمي العشيرة يقال له سواد، وجعل يتعرض للشهادة

A member of the tribe of Tamlm, whose name was Sawad and who was defending his kinsmen, launched an attack, courting martyrdom

فلقي فارس من الإبل يوم أغواث أعظم مما لقي المسلمون من الفيلة يوم أرماث

On the Day of Aghwath, the Persians suffered from the camels more than the Muslims had suffered on the Day of Armath from the elephants

وركبتهم خيول المسلمين فلما رأى ذلك الناس استنوا بهم

The horses of the Muslims pursued them, and when the other Muslim troops saw this they followed their example

فجعلت تلك الإبل لا تصمد لقليل ولا لكثير إلا نفرت بهم خيلهم

These camels were not able to withstand anything, yet the Persian horses took fright and fled

ففعلوا بهم يوم أغواث كما فعلت فارس يوم أرماث

The Muslims did to the Persians on the Day of Aghwath what the Persians had done to them on the Day of Armath

وأمرهم أن يحملوا على خيلهم بين الصفين يتشبهون بالفيلة

Al-Qa'qa' ordered them to attack the Persian horses between the two battle lines, simulating elephants

وحمل بنو عم القعقاع يومئذ عشرة عشرة من الرجالة، على إبل قد ألبسوها فهي مجللة مبرقعة، وأطافت بهم خيولهم، تحميهم

AlQa‘qa‘'s kinsmen attacked on that day in groups of ten footmen, on camels that were covered and veiled and with their horses surrounding and protecting the camels

ثم خرج الناس من كل ناحية، وبدأ الحرب والطعان

Then the troops came from every direction and the battle began

ثم البيرزان فقتله

Then came al-Bayruzan, and al-Qa'qa' killed him as well

فبرز له ذو الحاجب فقتله

Dhu al-Hajib came forth against him, and al-Qa'qa' killed him

فلما قدم القعقاع قال" يا أيها الناس، اصنعوا كما اصنع، ونادى" من يبارز

When al-Qa'qa' arrived, he said" "O men, follow my example!" and called out" "Who is going to fight me

كان يكون أول القتال في كل أيامها المطاردة

The battle began each day with individual combat

كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ السَّرِيُّ، عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ سَيْفٍ، عن القاسم بْن سليم بْن عبد الرحمن السعدي، عن أبيه، قال

According to al-Sari — Shu'ayb — Sayf — al-Qasim b. Sulaym b. 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di — his father

لم تعرف الخيل العراب سواءنا ... عشية أغواث بجنب القوادس عشية رحنا بالرماح كأنها ... على القوم ألوان الطيور الرسارس

The pure Arab horses did not know anyone equal to us on the night of Aghwath, near al-Qawadis, On the night when we went with the lances, which looked on the troops like a variety of birds ready to take off

وقال القعقاع في شأن الخيل

Al-Qa'qa‘ recited concerning the horsemen

لقد علم الأقوام أنا أحقهم ... إذا حصلوا بالمرهفات البواتر وما فتئت خيلي عشية أرمثوا ... يذودون رهوا عن جموع العشائر لدن غدوة حتى أتى الليل دونهم ... وقد أفلحت أخرى الليالي الغوابر

The people knew that we were the most deserving of them, when they seized the sharp, cutting swords. On the night of Armath, my horsemen did not cease defending, group after group, the multitude of tribes; During the morning hours, till nightfall— and they became successful till the end of days

فقال في ذلك الربيل بْن عمرو

Al-Ribbil b. 'Amr said concerning this

فأصاب ثلاثة من بنى يربوع ثلاثة أرباعها، وأصاب ثلاثة من بني أسد ثلاثة أرباع السيوف

Thus the three Yarbu'Is received three-quarters of the horses, and the three Asadis received three-quarters of the swords

فدعا حمال بْن مالك والربيل بْن عمرو بْن ربيعة الوالبيين وطليحة بْن خويلد الفقعسيوكلهم من بني أسدوعاصم بْن عمرو التميمي، فأعطاهم الأسياف، ودعا القعقاع ابن عمرو واليربوعيين فحملهم على الأفراس

The messenger called upon Hammal b. Malik, al-Ribbil b. ‘Amr b. Rabi'ah (both Walibls), Tulayhah b. Khuwaylid al-Faq‘asi (these three belonged to the tribe of Asad), and upon ‘Asim b. 'Amr al-Tamimi and gave them the swords; then he called upon al-Qa'qa' b. ‘Amr and the Yarbu'Is and let them ride the horses

وقدم ذلك اليوم رسول لعمر بأربعة أسياف وأربعة أفراس يقسمها فيمن انتهى إليه البلاء، إن كنت لقيت حربا

On that day a messenger of ‘Umar arrived and brought with him four swords and four horses for distribution among those whose valor in war was the greatest

واليربوعيون" نعيم بْن عمرو بْن عتاب، وعتاب بْن نعيم بْن عتاب بْن الحارث ابن عمرو بْن همام، وعمرو بْن شبيب بْن زنباع بْن الحارث بْن ربيعة، أحد بني زيد

The Yarbu'Is were Nu'aym b. ‘Amr b. ‘Attab, ‘Attab b. Nu'aym b. 'Attab b. al-Harith b. 'Amr b. Hammam, and 'Amr b. Shabib b. Zinba' b. al-Harith b. Rabi'ah, one of the Banu Zayd

وجعل القعقاع كلما طلعت قطعة كبر وكبر المسلمون، ويحمل ويحملون

Whenever a unit "of his horsemen" appeared, al-Qa'qa' proclaimed "God is most great!" and the Muslims did the same; then he attacked and the Muslims followed suit

فازر القعقاع يومئذ ثلاثة نفر من بني يربوع رياحيين

Al-Qa'qa' was assisted on that day by three men from the tribe of Yarbu', the clan of Riyah

كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ السَّرِيُّ، عن شعيب، عن سيف، عن محمد وطلحة وزياد، قالوا

According to al-Sari—Shu'ayb—Sayf—Muhammad, Talfiah, and Ziyad

ثم يأتون أمهم، فيلقونه في حجرها، فترده عليهم وتقسمه فيهم على ما يصلحهم ويرضيهم

Then they came to their mother and gave her their pay; she returned it to diem and divided it between them in a just and satisfactory way

فرأيتهم بعد ذلك يأخذون ألفين ألفين من العطاء

I saw them afterward receiving their pay, two thousand "dirhams" each

فرجعوا إليها، وقد أحسنوا القتال، ما كُلِمَ منهم رجل كَلْمًا

Having acquitted themselves well in battle, they returned to her, with none of them injured

فلما غابوا عنها رفعت يديها إلى السماء، وهي تقول" اللهم ادفع عن بني

When they moved out of her sight, she raised her hands to the sky and said" "O God, protect my sons

فأقبلوا يشتدون

They advanced quickly

انطلقوا فاشهدوا أول القتال وآخره

Go forth and fight the battle from the beginning till the end

ما خنت أباكم، ولا فضحت خالكم

I have not betrayed your father, nor have I brought disgrace upon your maternal uncle

والله إنكم لبنو رجل واحد، كما أنكم بنو امرأة واحدة

By God, you are verily the sons of one man and one woman

ثم جئتم بأمكم عجوز كبيرة فوضعتموها بين يدي اهل فارس

Nevertheless, you brought your aged, old mother and placed her in front of the Persians

فقالت لبنيها" إنكم اسلمتم فلم تبدلوا، وهاجرتم فلم تثوبوا، ولم تنب بكم البلاد، ولم تقحمكم السنة

She said to her sons" "You have embraced Islam and have not exchanged it for anything else, you have emigrated "with the Prophet from Mecca to Medina" and no blame has been attached to you; you were not unable to stay in "your" land or forced out of it by drought

كانت امرأة من النخع لها بنون أربعة شهدوا القادسية

A woman from the tribe of al-Nakha' had four sons who participated in the battle of al-Qadisiyyah

كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ السَّرِيُّ، عن شعيب، عن سيف، عن مجالد، عن الشعبي، قال

According to al-Sari — Shu'ayb—Sayf—Mujalid—al-Sha'bl

فَاسْتَأْنَفُوا عِلاجَهَا حِينَ أَصْبَحُوا فَلَمْ تَرْتَفِعْ حَتَّى كَانَ الْغَدُ

They started repairing them in the morning, but they were not in place until the following day

كَانَتْ توابيتها تَكَسَّرَتْ بِالأَمْسِ

Their palanquins had been broken on the previous day

وَلَمْ يُقَاتِلُوا فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ عَلَى فيل

On this day also, the Persians did not fight on elephants

فَلَمْ يَرَ أَهْلُ فَارِسَ فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ شَيْئًا مِمَّا يُعْجِبُهُمْ، وَأَكْثَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِيهِمُ الْقَتْلَ

On this day the Persians did not experience anything which they liked, and the Muslims slew a great number of them

فَتَوَاصَى النَّاسُ، وَتَشَايَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ، فَاجْتَلَدُوا بِهَا حَتَّى الْمَسَاءِ

The Muslims roused each other, and all of them rushed toward the Persians, fighting with their swords until the evening

وَجَعَلَ الْقَعْقَاعُ يَقُولُ" يَا مَعَاشِرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، بَاشِرُوهُمْ بِالسُّيُوفِ، فَإِنَّمَا يُحْصَدُ النَّاسُ بِهَا

Al-Qa'qa' exclaimed" "O Muslims, strike them with the swords, because men are killed by the swords

وَتَوَرَّدَهُمْ فِرْسَانُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ

The Muslim horsemen gradually became entangled with the Persians

فَانْضَمَّ إِلَى الْقَعْقَاعِ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ ظَبْيَانَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ أَخُو بَنِي تَيْمِ اللاتِ، فَبَارَزَ الْقَعْقَاعُ الْبيرزَانَ، فَضَرَبَهُ فَأَذْرَى رَأْسَهُ، وَبَارَزَ ابْنُ ظَبْيَانَ الْبندوَانَ، فَضَرَبَهُ فَأَذْرَى رَأْسَهُ

Al-Qa'qa' was joined by al-Harith b. £abyan b. al-Harith of the Banu Taym al-Lat. Al-Qa'qa' fought al-Bayruzan, struck him, and cut off his head, and Ibn Zabyan fought al-Binduwan, struck him, and cut off his head

فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلانِ" أَحَدُهُمَا البيرزَانُ وَالآخَرُ الْبندوَانُ

Two men came out to fight him" One of them was al-Bayruzan, and the other al-Binduwan

وَنَادَى الْقَعْقَاعُ أَيْضًا" مَنْ يُبَارِزُ

AlQa'qa' called out again" "Who is going to fight me

وَانْكَسَرَتِ الأَعَاجِمُ لِذَلِكَ

For the same reason, the Persians became dejected

وَتَنْشَطُ النَّاسُ، وَكَأَنَّ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِالأَمْسِ مُصِيبَةٌ، وَكَأَنَّمَا اسْتَقْبَلُوا قِتَالَهُمْ بِقَتْلِ الْحَاجِبِيِّ وَللحاق القطع

The Muslims took heart from the arrival of "al-Qa'qac's" units, as if no calamity had befallen them on the day before, and as if their battle had started with the killing of the Hajibl

وَجَعَلَتْ خَيْلُهُ تَرِدُ قِطَعًا، وَمَا زَالَتْ تَرِدُ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ

Al-Qa‘qa''s horsemen began to arrive group after group, and their arrival lasted until nightfall

فَاجْتَلَدَا، فَقَتَلَهُ الْقَعْقَاعُ

They fought each other, and al-Qa'qa' killed his opponent

فَنَادَى" يَا لِثَارَاتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ وَسُلَيْطٍ وَأَصْحَابِ يَوْمِ الْجِسْرِ

Al-Qa'qa' cried out" "Vengeance for Abu 'Ubayd, Salif, and the warriors of the battle of the Bridge

قَالَ" أَنَا بهمنُ جَاذُوَيْهِ

He said" "I am Bahman Jadhawayhi

فَقَالَ لَهُ الْقَعْقَاعُ" مَنْ أَنْتَ

Al-Qa'qa‘ asked" "Who are you

فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ ذُو الْحَاجِبِ

Dhu al-Hajib came out to fight him

وَسَكَنُوا إِلَيْهِ

They trusted him

فَقَالُوا فِيهِ بِقَوْلِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ" لا يُهْزَمُ جَيْشٌ فِيهِمْ مِثْلُ هَذَا

"The Muslims applied to him the saying of Abu Bakr" "An army that has a man like this will not be defeated

فَتَقَدَّمَ ثُمَّ نَادَى" مَنْ يُبَارِزُ

He then stepped forward and called out" "Who is going to fight me

فَاصْنَعُوا كَمَا أَصْنَعُ

So do as I do

وَاللَّهِ أَنْ لَوْ كَانُوا بِمَكَانِكُمْ، ثُمَّ أَحَسُّوكُمْ حَسَدُوكُمْ حَظْوَتَهَا، وَحَاوَلُوا أَنْ يَطَّيَّرُوا بِهَا دُونَكُمْ

If they were in your place and then noticed you, they would envy you the good fortune "of martyrdom" and would attempt to take it all for themselves, leaving nothing for you

فَأَتَى الناس فسلم عليهم، وبشرهم بالجنود، فقال" يا ايها النَّاسُ، إِنِّي قَدْ جِئْتُكُمْ فِي قَوْمٍ

He greeted them, announced the coming of his soldiers, and said" "O Muslims, I have come to you with men "of valor

فَقَدَّمَ الْقَعْقَاعُ أَصْحَابَهُ فِي عَشَرَةٍ

Al-Qa‘qa‘ reached the Muslims fighting at al-Qadisiyyah with a group of ten before the rest of his troops

وَقَدْ عَهِدَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ أَنْ يَتَقَطَّعُوا أَعْشَارًا، وَهُمْ أَلْفٌ، فَكُلَّمَا بَلَغَ عَشَرَةً مَدَى الْبَصَرِ سَرَّحُوا فِي آثَارِهِمْ عَشَرَةً

He had instructed his men, whose number was one thousand, to divide into groups of ten; whenever one such unit moved out of sight, they sent another in its wake

فَانْجَذَبَ الْقَعْقَاعُ وَطَوَى وَتَعَجَّلَ، فَقَدِمَ عَلَى النَّاسِ صَبِيحَةَ يَوْمِ أَغْوَاثَ

Al-Qa‘qa‘ traveled quickly, without stopping, and reached the Muslims "of al-Qadisiyyah" on the morning of the Day of Aghwath

وَعَلَى الْمُجَنِّبَةِ الأُخْرَى الْهَزْهَازَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو الْعِجْلِيَّ، وَعَلى السَّاقَةِ أَنَسَ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ

Abu ‘Ubaydah appointed al-Hazmaz b. ‘Amr al-Ujli to command the other wing, and Anas b. al-‘Abbas to command the rear guard

أَتَاهُمْ وَهُمْ بِالْيَرْمُوكِ حِينَ صُرِفَ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ وَصُرِفَ مَعَهُمْ

He joined the army in Yarmuk when the Iraqis were being diverted "to Iraq" and went with them