MiniLLM/dolly huggingface dataset:
Instruction: What is a fishing vessel?
Context: A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river. Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal, and recreational fishing.

According to the FAO, in 2004 there were four million commercial fishing vessels.[30] About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas. Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons. At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars.[30] These boats are used by artisan fishers.
Response: A fishing vessel is a boat or ship that is used for recreational or commercial activities such as fishing, inner-tubing, transportation or just for fun.
Instruction: Given a reference text about the Kumanichi Road Race, tell me when the race was first held and who holds the course records.
Context: The Kumanichi Road Race (Japanese: 熊本30K) is an annual road running competition over 30 kilometres which is typically held in February in Kumamoto, Japan. It was first held in 1957 as a men-only competition. A women's race was introduced in 2006. The race is one of the world's most prominent over the uncommon 30K distance. A total of eight Association of Road Racing Statisticians-recognised men's world records have been set at the competition, including the current world record.[1][2]

The course records are held by Takayuki Matsumiya (1:28:00) and Yuka Hakoyama (1:43:26). It is mostly contested by Japanese athletes, with Kenya's Willy Kangogo becoming the event's sole non-national winner in 2007.[3]
Response: The Kumanichi Road Race was first held in 1957. Takayuki Matsumiya and Yuka Hakoyama hold the course records.
Instruction: Based on this paragraph, who directed White Rabbit?
Context: White Rabbit is a 2013 American psychological drama film directed by Tim McCann and starring Nick Krause, Sam Trammell and Britt Robertson. Written by Anthony Di Pietro, the film concerns a mentally-ill teen being bullied in high school, whose visions urge him to take revenge. It was produced by Robert Yocum (Burning Sky Films), Shaun Sanghani (SSS Entertainment) and Jacky Lee Morgan. It had its world premiere at the Zurich Film Festival and is being distributed in the United States by Breaking Glass Pictures.[2]
Response: Tim McCann
Instruction: How would you describe Dance?
Context: Dance is an art form consisting of sequences of body movements with aesthetic and often symbolic value, either improvised or purposefully selected.[nb 1] Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, done simultaneously with music or with instruments; or by its historical period or place of origin.[4]
Response: Dance is an art consisting of precision sequence of body movements either improvised or intentionally selected.   Dance can be described by the category of choreography and repertoire of movements done simultaneously with music or with instruments.   It can also be defined by its historical period or place of origin.   Students studying the performing art of dance often attend a Dance conservatory or university.   An example of a highly regarded dance conservatory is Point Park University in Pittsburgh, Pa.
Instruction: Based on this paragraph, during what year was Hearst born?
Context: Hearst died at the age of 70 in Washington, D.C., on February 28, 1891. The California Legislature and state courts adjourned so officials could attend his funeral.[20] When Phoebe Apperson Hearst inherited her husband's wealth, she donated a great deal of it to help found new libraries at several universities.[21] Hearst is buried in Cypress Lawn Cemetery in Colma, California. His widow and son were later buried there as well. The Hearst Memorial Mining Building on the Berkeley campus is dedicated to George Hearst. In 1996, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.[22]
Response: Hearst died at the age of 70 in 1891, so he must have been born in either 1820 or 1821.
Instruction: Which of the other locations mentioned in this article is closest to Rudzk Duży?
Context: Rudzk Duży [ˈrut͡sk ˈduʐɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piotrków Kujawski, within Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.[1] It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Piotrków Kujawski, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Radziejów, and 59 km (37 mi) south of Toruń.
Response: Piotrków Kujawski. Rudzk Duży is closest to Piotrków Kujawski.
Instruction: Hip Hop song Make Me Proud
Context: "Make Me Proud" is a hip hop song by Canadian recording artist Drake, released as the third single from his second studio album, Take Care, featuring rapper Nicki Minaj. It was released as a digital download on October 16, 2011 and impacted rhythmic radio on October 25, 2011 in the U.S.[1][2]
Response: Make Me Proud is a hip hop song by Canadian recording artist Drake, released as the third single from his second studio album, Take Care, featuring rapper Nicki Minaj. It was released as a digital download on October 16, 2011 and impacted rhythmic radio on October 25, 2011 in the U.S.
Instruction: What causes Type 2 Diabetes?
Context: Type 2 diabetes primarily occurs as a result of obesity and lack of exercise. Some people are genetically more at risk than others.
Response: Type 2 diabetes primarily occurs as a result of obesity and lack of exercise. Some people are genetically more at risk than others.
Instruction: Can you name a few of Leonardo's famous works
Context: Leonardo is identified as one of the greatest painters in the history of art and is often credited as the founder of the High Renaissance.[3] Despite having many lost works and fewer than 25 attributed major works—including numerous unfinished works—he created some of the most influential paintings in Western art.[3] His magnum opus, the Mona Lisa, is his best known work and often regarded as the world's most famous painting. The Last Supper is the most reproduced religious painting of all time and his Vitruvian Man drawing is also regarded as a cultural icon. In 2017, Salvator Mundi, attributed in whole or part to Leonardo,[5] was sold at auction for US$450.3 million, setting a new record for the most expensive painting ever sold at public auction.
Response: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, Vitruvian Man, Salvator Mundi
Instruction: What year was Craigslist founded?
Context: Craigslist (stylized as craigslist) is a privately-held American company[5] operating a classified advertisements website with sections devoted to jobs, housing, for sale, items wanted, services, community service, gigs, résumés, and discussion forums.

Craig Newmark began the service in 1995 as an email distribution list to friends, featuring local events in the San Francisco Bay Area. It became a web-based service in 1996 and expanded into other classified categories. It started expanding to other U.S. and Canadian cities in 2000, and now covers 70 countries.
Response: Craigslist was founded in the year 1995 by Craig Newmark.
Instruction: Where are Himayalas located?
Context: The Himalayas, or Himalaya (/ˌhɪməˈleɪ.ə, hɪˈmɑːləjə/; Sanskrit: [ɦɪmaːlɐjɐ]; from Sanskrit himá 'snow, frost', and ā-laya 'dwelling, abode'),[3] is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over 100 peaks exceeding 7,200 m (23,600 ft) in elevation lie in the Himalayas.
Response: The Himalayan mountain range is located in South East Asia. It spans India, Pakistan and Nepal.
Instruction: Based on this passage, what was the first designated space to be established in Roche Percee called? Who established it and in what year?
Context: In 1872 the Boundary Commission travelled through this area while surveying the border between Canada and the United States. During the 1874 March West trek of the North-West Mounted Police, the force established its first camp (called Short Creek Camp) at this location. The community began being served by the Soo Line in 1893, permitting the coal mines in the region to become operational. Roche Percée incorporated as a village on January 12, 1909.[2]
Response: The first established space was Short Creek Camp which was founded in 1874 by the North-West Mounted Police
Instruction: What is the Bastille Day?
Context: Bastille Day is the common name given in English-speaking countries to the national day of France, which is celebrated on 14 July each year. In French, it is formally called the Fête nationale française (French: [fɛt nasjɔnal]; "French National Celebration"); legally it is known as le 14 juillet (French: [lə katɔʁz(ə) ʒɥijɛ]; "the 14th of July").[3]
Response: Bastille Day is the national day in France, celebrated on 14 July each year. It refers to a major event in the French Revolution on 4 July 1789 where revolutionary insurgents took control of the Bastille, the symbol of royal authority and monarchy in the center of Paris.
Instruction: Where did Danny Dayton graduated from?
Context: Danny Dayton (born Daniel David Segall, November 20, 1923 – February 6, 1999) was an American actor and television director. Beginning in the 1950s, he played many roles in film and on TV. He had a recurring role as Hank Pivnik on All in the Family and had guest roles in M*A*S*H, The Incredible Hulk, Charlie's Angels and The Love Boat.

Dayton graduated from the school of journalism at New York University, before turning to acting.[1] In addition to acting, Dayton also directed episodes of Occasional Wife, Here's Lucy, and the short-lived series Good Morning World.

On February 6, 1999, Dayton died of emphysema in Los Angeles, California.[1]
Response: Danny Dayton graduated from the school of journalism at New York University.
Instruction: Give me the list of books related with the series 'The Lord of the Rings', in order of publication
Response: Here is the list of books related with the series 'The Lord of the Rings', in order of publication:

1. The Hobbit [1937]
2. The Fellowship of the Ring [1954]
3. The Two Towers [1954]
4. The Return of the King [1955]
5. The Silmarillion [1977]
6. Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth [1980]
7. The Children of Hurin [2007]
8. Beren and Luthien [2017]
9. The Fall of Gondolin [2018]
Instruction: Who wrote the TV series Babylon5?
Context: Babylon 5 is an American space opera television series created by writer and producer J. Michael Straczynski, under the Babylonian Productions label, in association with Straczynski's Synthetic Worlds Ltd. and Warner Bros. Domestic Television. After the successful airing of a test pilot movie on February 22, 1993, Babylon 5: The Gathering, Warner Bros. commissioned the series for production in May 1993 as part of its Prime Time Entertainment Network (PTEN).[1] The show premiered in the US on January 26, 1994, and ran for five 22-episode seasons.
Response: Babylon 5 is an American television series created by writer and producer J. Michael Straczynski.
Instruction: Given a reference text about the Driftwood River, tell me what main river it is part of.
Context: The Driftwood River is a 15.5-mile-long (24.9 km)[1] tributary of the East Fork of the White River in central Indiana in the United States.[2][3] Via the White, Wabash and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. It is a short river, formed by the confluence of two longer streams a short distance upstream of its mouth.

Course
The Driftwood River is formed in southeastern Johnson County, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Edinburgh, by the confluence of Sugar Creek and the Big Blue River. It flows generally southwardly through northwestern Bartholomew County to Columbus, where it joins the Flatrock River to form the East Fork of the White River.[3]

Near Edinburgh, IN, Driftwood River has a mean annual discharge of 1,210 cubic feet per second.[
Response: The Driftwood River is part of the Mississippi River.
Instruction: What is a multiverse?
Context: Some physicists say the multiverse is not a legitimate topic of scientific inquiry.[15] Concerns have been raised about whether attempts to exempt the multiverse from experimental verification could erode public confidence in science and ultimately damage the study of fundamental physics.[16] Some have argued that the multiverse is a philosophical notion rather than a scientific hypothesis because it cannot be empirically falsified. The ability to disprove a theory by means of scientific experiment is a critical criterion of the accepted scientific method.[17] Paul Steinhardt has famously argued that no experiment can rule out a theory if the theory provides for all possible outcomes.[18]
Response: While there is nothing scientific around the term multiverse, the term has been popularized by science fiction, and conveys the idea that there are many iterations of universes that are tied together, but each in it's own way unique
Instruction: What type of effect does Coffee have on humans?
Context: "Coffee is a beverage prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks.[2]

Seeds of the Coffee plant's fruits are separated to produce un-roasted green coffee beans. The beans are roasted and then ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often used to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor."
Response: Coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content.
Instruction: Based on this passage, what is the median number of people per family in Zangisheh?
Context: Zangisheh (Persian: زنگيشه, also Romanized as Zangīsheh)[1] is a village in Qarah Su Rural District, in the Central District of Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153, in 34 families.[2]
Response: This passage does not give enough information to conclude what the median number of people per family in Zangisheh is as it only mentions the total population and number of families. We could calculate the arithmetic mean of the number of people per family from this information by dividing the total number of people by the number of families, but the information in the passage is not sufficient to determine the median number of people per family.
Instruction: What is data warehousing?
Context: In computing, a data warehouse (DW or DWH), also known as an enterprise data warehouse (EDW), is a system used for reporting and data analysis and is considered a core component of business intelligence.[1] DWs are central repositories of integrated data from one or more disparate sources. They store current and historical data in one single place[2] that are used for creating analytical reports for workers throughout the enterprise.[3] This is beneficial for companies as it enables them to interrogate and draw insights from their data and make decisions.[4]

The data stored in the warehouse is uploaded from the operational systems (such as marketing or sales). The data may pass through an operational data store and may require data cleansing[2] for additional operations to ensure data quality before it is used in the DW for reporting.

Extract, transform, load (ETL) and extract, load, transform (ELT) are the two main approaches used to build a data warehouse system.
Response: A centralized repository of data from multiple source systems organized in subject areas typically in 3NF or dimensional data modeling techniques.
Instruction: How did the Getty Museum in Los Angeles respond to the global pandemic?
Context: Many museums turned to their existing social media presences to engage their audience online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inspired by the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam and Instagram accounts such as the Dutch Tussen Kunst & Quarantaine (“between art and quarantine”) and Covid Classics, the Getty sponsored the Getty Museum Challenge, inviting people to use everyday objects to recreate works of art and share their creations on social media, prompting thousands of submissions.[21][22] The museum was among those singled out for particular praise by industry analysts for their successful social media content strategy during the shutdown, both for the challenge[23][24] and for incorporating its works into the popular video game Animal Crossing.[25]
Response: Like other art institutions, the Getty Museum leveraged its social media presence in a creative way to keep engagement levels high during the pandemic. The Getty invited people to reimagine classic works of art using every day objects, the results of which were posted on social media for others' enjoyment and commentary.  Thousands of people were inspired to post submissions, and industry analysts praised the museum for this successful social media strategy.
Instruction: Summarize the effectiveness of anaerobic and aerobic exercises on muscle hypertropy.
Context: The best approach to specifically achieve muscle growth remains controversial (as opposed to focusing on gaining strength, power, or endurance); it was generally considered that consistent anaerobic strength training will produce hypertrophy over the long term, in addition to its effects on muscular strength and endurance. Muscular hypertrophy can be increased through strength training and other short-duration, high-intensity anaerobic exercises. Lower-intensity, longer-duration aerobic exercise generally does not result in very effective tissue hypertrophy; instead, endurance athletes enhance storage of fats and carbohydrates within the muscles,[4] as well as neovascularization.
Response: Short-duration, high-intensity anaerobic exercises are more effective for increasing muscular tissue hypertrophy compared to lower-intensity, longer-duration aerobic exercises.
Instruction: Based on this passage, how many siblings did Hearst have?
Context: Hearst was born near present-day Sullivan, Missouri, to William G. Hearst and Elizabeth Collins, who were of Scots-Irish ancestry.[2] Hearst, one of three children — two boys and a girl – was raised in a log cabin on his family's farm in rural Franklin County. His father operated three small farms, all of which were mortgaged. William Hearst sold his products in his own local general store. George Hearst grew up before public education was widely available in Missouri, meaning his elementary education was inconsistent and fragmented. Becoming interested in mining, Hearst supplemented the gaps in his formal education by observing the local mines, reading information about minerals from books owned by his family doctor, Silas Reed, and mining in his free time.[3][4]
Response: Hearst had one brother and one sister.
Instruction: Who is the best surfer in the world
Context: Robert Kelly Slater (born February 11, 1972) is an American professional surfer, best known for being crowned World Surf League champion a record 11 times.[2][3] Slater is widely regarded as the greatest professional surfer of all time, and holds 56 Championship Tour victories.[4][5] Slater is also the oldest surfer still active on the World Surf League, winning his 8th Billabong Pipeline Masters title at age 49.
Response: Kelly Slater
Instruction: Summarize disruptive innovation in two paragraphs
Context: disruptive innovation is innovation that creates a new market and value network or enters at the bottom of an existing market and eventually displaces established market-leading firms, products, and alliances.The concept was developed by the American academic Clayton Christensen and his collaborators and has been called the most influential business idea of the early 21st century. 

Disruptive innovations tend to be produced by outsiders and entrepreneurs in startups, rather than existing market-leading companies. The business environment of market leaders does not allow them to pursue disruptive innovations when they first arise, because they are not profitable enough at first and because their development can take scarce resources away from sustaining innovations
Response: In business theory, disruptive innovation is innovation that creates a new market and value network or enters at the bottom of an existing market and eventually displaces established market-leading firms, products, and alliances.[2] The concept was developed by the American academic Clayton Christensen and his collaborators beginning in 1995,[3][full citation needed] and has been called the most influential business idea of the early 21st century.[4] Lingfei Wu, Dashun Wang, and James A. Evans generalized this term to identify disruptive science and technological advances from more than 65 million papers, patents and software products that span the period 1954–2014. Their work was featured as the cover of the February 2019 issue of Nature [5] and was included among the Altmetric 100 most-discussed work in 2019.[6]

Not all innovations are disruptive, even if they are revolutionary. For example, the first automobiles in the late 19th century were not a disruptive innovation, because early automobiles were expensive luxury items that did not disrupt the market for horse-drawn vehicles. The market for transportation essentially remained intact until the debut of the lower-priced Ford Model T in 1908.[7] The mass-produced automobile was a disruptive innovation, because it changed the transportation market, whereas the first thirty years of automobiles did not.

Disruptive innovations tend to be produced by outsiders and entrepreneurs in startups, rather than existing market-leading companies. The business environment of market leaders does not allow them to pursue disruptive innovations when they first arise, because they are not profitable enough at first and because their development can take scarce resources away from sustaining innovations (which are needed to compete against current competition).[8] Small teams are more likely to create disruptive innovations than large teams.[5] A disruptive process can take longer to develop than by the conventional approach and the risk associated to it is higher than the other more incremental, architectural or evolutionary forms of innovations, but once it is deployed in the market, it achieves a much faster penetration and higher degree of impact on the established markets.[9]
Instruction: Who is Marika Labancz
Context: Marika Labancz (born 23 July 1978) is a Hungarian alpine skier. She competed in the women's slalom at the 1998 Winter Olympics.[1]
Response: Marika Labancz (born 23 July 1978) is a Hungarian alpine skier. She competed in the women's slalom at the 1998 Winter Olympics.
Instruction: What position did Manis Lamond play?
Context: Manis Lamond (born 14 September 1966) is a retired soccer player from Papua New Guinea. An international who played as a striker,[1] Lamond played professionally in Australia for Canberra City, Sydney United, A.P.I.A. Leichhardt Tigers, Wollongong City, Marconi Stallions and Newcastle United and in Singapore for Sembawang Rangers.[2][3]
Response: Manis Lamond was a striker
Instruction: Given a reference text about Patrick James Mara, tell me what he was known for.
Context: Patrick James Mara (1 February 1942 – 15 January 2016) was an Irish public affairs consultant and politician who served as Senator from July 1981 to October 1981 and May 1982 to December 1982. He was most renowned for being the political adviser to former Taoiseach Charles Haughey. He also served as Press Secretary to Fianna Fáil from 1983 to 1987 and Government Press Secretary from 1987 to 1992.[1]

He was appointed the Fianna Fáil Director of Elections for the 1997, 2002, and 2007 general elections.[2] He was a member of the board of Digicel, the company founded by Denis O'Brien to build mobile networks in the Caribbean.

He was regularly lampooned on the satirical Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) radio sketch show Scrap Saturday, which ran from 1989 to 1991.
Response: Patrick James Mara was most known for being a political adviser to Taoiseach Charles Haughey and serving as Press Secretary and Government Press Secretary.
Instruction: Given this paragraph, which highs school did Drake Maye attend?
Context: Drake Maye was born on August 30, 2002, in Charlotte, North Carolina. He attended and played high school football for Myers Park High School in Charlotte, where he was named MaxPreps North Carolina player of the year. He was a four-star prospect and originally committed to Alabama before flipping to North Carolina.[1]
Response: Based on this text, Drake Maye attended Myers Park High School in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Instruction: How old was Pukeiti when he died?
Context: Pukeiti Pukeiti (c. 1948 - 18 October 2012)[1] was a Cook Islands politician and Member of the Cook Islands Parliament. He was a member of the Cook Islands Party. He represented the electorate of Tamarua.

Pukeiti was elected to Parliament in the 2009 Tamarua by-election following the death of MP Mii Parima.[2] He was re-elected at the 2010 election.
Response: 64 years old. He was born in 1948 and died in 2012, so 2012 - 1948 = 64.
Instruction: Based on this passage, give a bulleted overview of the components of the lean startup methodology.
Context: Lean startup is a methodology for developing businesses and products that aims to shorten product development cycles and rapidly discover if a proposed business model is viable; this is achieved by adopting a combination of business-hypothesis-driven experimentation, iterative product releases, and validated learning. Lean startup emphasizes customer feedback over intuition and flexibility over planning. This methodology enables recovery from failures more often than traditional ways of product development. [1]
Response: Lean startup is a business and product development methodology
The aim is to shorten product development cycles
The approach is to test business hypotheses
The experiments involve iterative product releases and learning from customer feedback
Instruction: List all the Formula 1 teams that Sergio Perez has driven for
Context: Sergio Michel "Checo" Pérez Mendoza (Spanish: [ˈseɾxjo ˈpeɾes] (listen); born 26 January 1990),[2][3] is a Mexican racing driver who races in Formula One for Red Bull Racing, having previously driven for Sauber, McLaren, Force India, and Racing Point. He won his first Formula One Grand Prix at the 2020 Sakhir Grand Prix, breaking the record for the number of starts before a race win at 190.[4] He also earned his first Formula One pole position at the 2022 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix, breaking the record for the most races before a first pole position at 215.[5] Pérez has a contract with Red Bull Racing until the end of the 2024 season.[6]
Response: - Sauber
- McLaren
- Force India
- Racing Point
- Red Bull Racing
Instruction: From the passage identify the domains in which Hermes is considered a God. Display the results in a comma separated format.
Context: Hermes (Ἑρμῆς, Hērmês)

God of boundaries, travel, trade, communication, language, writing, cunning and thieves. Hermes was also responsible for protecting livestock and presided over the spheres associated with fertility, music, luck, and deception.[9] The son of Zeus and Maia, Hermes is the messenger of the gods, and a psychopomp who leads the souls of the dead into the afterlife. He was depicted either as a handsome and athletic beardless youth, or as an older bearded man. His attributes include the herald's wand or caduceus, winged sandals, and a traveler's cap. His sacred animals include the tortoise. His Roman counterpart is Mercury.
Response: boundaries, travel, trade, communication, language, writing, cunning,thieves
Instruction: Who is Evelyn Quan Wang in the move "Everything Everywhere All at Once"?
Context: Evelyn Quan Wang is a middle-aged Chinese American immigrant who runs a laundromat with her husband, Waymond; two decades earlier, they eloped to the United States and had a daughter, Joy. The laundromat is being audited by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Waymond is trying to serve Evelyn divorce papers in an attempt to get her attention so they can talk things out regarding their marriage, Evelyn's demanding father (referred to as Gong Gong, Cantonese for 'grandfather'[14]) is visiting for her Chinese New Year party, and Evelyn is reluctant to accept Joy's lesbian relationship with her non-Chinese girlfriend Becky (only introducing Becky to Gong Gong as Joy's "very good friend").
Response: Evelyn Quan Wang is a middle-aged Chinese American immigrant who runs a laundromat with her husband, Waymond.
Instruction: What is the process by which utilities rates are set in the US
Context: Utility ratemaking is the formal regulatory process in the United States by which public utilities set the prices (more commonly known as "rates") they will charge consumers.[1] Ratemaking, typically carried out through "rate cases" before a public utilities commission, serves as one of the primary instruments of government regulation of public utilities.
Response: The price of a utility's products and services will affect its consumption. As with most demand curves, a price increase decreases demand. Through a concept known as rate design or rate structure, regulators set the prices (known as "rates" in the case of utilities) and thereby affect the consumption. With declining block rates, the per-unit price of utility consumption decreases as the energy consumption increases. Typically a declining block rate is offered only to very large consumers. If conservation is the goal, regulators can promote conservation by letting prices rise. A third possible rate design is a flat rate which charges the same price for all consumption.
Instruction: what is the indian subcontinent
Context: The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.
Response: The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas. Geopolitically, it includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India,[a] Maldives,[b] Nepal,[c] Pakistan,[d] and Sri Lanka.[b][1][2][3][4] The terms "Indian subcontinent" and "South Asia" are often used interchangeably to denote the region, although the geopolitical term of South Asia frequently includes Afghanistan, which may otherwise be classified as Central Asian.[5]
Instruction: Is Gloomhaven on Steam worth buying?
Context: Gloomhaven is a cooperative board game for one to four players designed by Isaac Childres and published by Cephalofair Games in 2017. It is a campaign-based dungeon crawl game including a narrative campaign, 95 unique playable scenarios, and 17 playable classes.[1][2] Since its introduction the game has been acclaimed by reviewers, and has been described as one of the best board games ever made.[3]
Response: Gloomhaven on steam is not worth buying. While the gameplay is very good, it lacks the polish of other games at its cost. Players report frequent disconnects, softlocks, and other bugs that detract from the gameplay experience. Some even report certain secenarios being "unplayable" due to technical limitations in the game. Overall, IGN gives this a score of 6.5/10, as "there's something in it for everyone."
Instruction: Can Penguins fly?
Context: Penguins (order Sphenisciformes /sfɪˈnɪsəfɔːrmiːz/, family Spheniscidae /sfɪˈnɪsɪdiː, -daɪ/) are a group of aquatic flightless birds. They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere: only one species, the Galápagos penguin, is found north of the Equator. Highly adapted for life in the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage and flippers for swimming. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sea life which they catch with their bills and swallow whole while swimming. A penguin has a spiny tongue and powerful jaws to grip slippery prey.[4]
Response: Penguins are a group of aquatic flightless birds.
Instruction: What is Adventures of Tintin?
Context: The Adventures of Tintin (French: Les Aventures de Tintin [lez‿avɑ̃tyʁ də tɛ̃tɛ̃]) is a series of 24 bande dessinée albums created by Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi, who wrote under the pen name Hergé. The series was one of the most popular European comics of the 20th century. By 2007, a century after Hergé's birth in 1907,[1] Tintin had been published in more than 70 languages with sales of more than 200 million copies,[2] and had been adapted for radio, television, theatre, and film.
Response: Adventures of Tinting is a very popular comic book series created by Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi who wrote under the pen name Herge'. It is a series of 24 comic books that have been published in 70 languages with sales of 200 million copies.
Instruction: Give me a summary of the early history of snowboarding
Context: Modern snowboarding was pioneered by Tom Sims and Jake Burton Carpenter, who both contributed significant innovations and started influential companies. In February 1968, Poppen organized the first snurfing competition at a Michigan ski resort that attracted enthusiasts from all over the country.[7] One of those early pioneers was Tom Sims, a devotee of skateboarding (a sport born in the 1950s when kids attached roller skate wheels to small boards that they steered by shifting their weight). In the 1960s, as an eighth grader in Haddonfield, New Jersey, Sims crafted a snowboard in his school shop class by gluing carpet to the top of a piece of wood and attaching aluminum sheeting to the bottom.[8] He produced commercial snowboards in the mid-70s.[9] Others experimented with board-on-snow configurations at this time, including Welsh skateboard enthusiasts Jon Roberts and Pete Matthews developed their own snowboards to use at their local dry ski slope.
Response: In the early days snowboarding was founded by Tom Sims and Jake Burton. Jake Burton went on to found the popular snowboarding brand, Burton Snowboards. The first instance of snowboarding was in February 1968. In the 60's an eighth grader from Haddonfield, New Jersey. The first snowboard was made from a single piece of wood and an aluminum sheet attached to the bottom. The first commerial snowboards were produced in the mid-70's.
Instruction: Who wrote Ready Player One?
Context: Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel, and the debut novel of American author Ernest Cline. The story, set in a dystopia in 2045, follows protagonist Wade Watts on his search for an Easter egg in a worldwide virtual reality game, the discovery of which would lead him to inherit the game creator's fortune. Cline sold the rights to publish the novel in June 2010, in a bidding war to the Crown Publishing Group (a division of Random House).[1] The book was published on August 16, 2011.[2] An audiobook was released the same day; it was narrated by Wil Wheaton, who was mentioned briefly in one of the chapters.[3][4]Ch. 20 In 2012, the book received an Alex Award from the Young Adult Library Services Association division of the American Library Association[5] and won the 2011 Prometheus Award.[6]
Response: Ready Player One is a 2011 science fiction novel written by American author Ernest Cline.
Instruction: What is the meaning of the information age
Context: The Information Age (also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age, Silicon Age, or New Media Age) is a historical period that began in the mid-20th century. It is characterized by a rapid shift from traditional industries, as established during the Industrial Revolution, to an economy centered on information technology.[1] The onset of the Information Age has been linked to the development of the transistor in 1947,[1] the optical amplifier in 1957,[2] and Unix time,[3] which began on January 1, 1970. These technological advances have had a significant impact on the way information is processed and transmitted.

According to the United Nations Public Administration Network, the Information Age was formed by capitalizing on computer microminiaturization advances,[4] which led to modernized information systems and internet communications as the driving force of social evolution.[5]
Response: The Information Age (also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age, Silicon Age, or New Media Age) is a historical period that began in the mid-20th century. It is characterized by a rapid shift from traditional industries, as established during the Industrial Revolution, to an economy centered on information technology. The onset of the Information Age has been linked to the development of the transistor in 1947, the optical amplifier in 1957, and Unix time, which began on January 1, 1970. These technological advances have had a significant impact on the way information is processed and transmitted.

According to the United Nations Public Administration Network, the Information Age was formed by capitalizing on computer microminiaturization advances, which led to modernized information systems and internet communications as the driving force of social evolution.
Instruction: Using this passage, extract all the years associated with the area.
Context: In 1872 the Boundary Commission travelled through this area while surveying the border between Canada and the United States. During the 1874 March West trek of the North-West Mounted Police, the force established its first camp (called Short Creek Camp) at this location. The community began being served by the Soo Line in 1893, permitting the coal mines in the region to become operational. Roche Percée incorporated as a village on January 12, 1909.[2]
Response: 1872, 1874, 1893, 1909
Instruction: Besides his expeditions, what was Shackleton's life like?
Context: Away from his expeditions, Shackleton's life was generally restless and unfulfilled. In his search for rapid pathways to wealth and security, he launched business ventures which failed to prosper, and he died heavily in debt. Upon his death, he was lauded in the press but was thereafter largely forgotten, while the heroic reputation of his rival Scott was sustained for many decades. Later in the 20th century, Shackleton was "rediscovered",[4] and became a role model for leadership in extreme circumstances.
Response: Despite being considered today a role model for leadership in extreme circumstances, Shackleton was largely forgotten for decades after his death. He was focused on and participated in several get rich quick schemes but they all ended in failure. Shackleton died heavily in debt.
Instruction: Who is known as The Invincibles in English football?
Context: In football, "The Invincibles" is a nickname used to refer to the Preston North End team of the 1888–89 season, managed by William Sudell,[1][2] and the Arsenal team of the 2003–04 season managed by Arsène Wenger. [3] Preston North End earned the nickname after completing an entire season undefeated in league and cup competition (27 games), while Arsenal were undefeated in the league (38 games) in a run that stretched to a record 49 games. The actual nickname of the Preston team was the "Old Invincibles" but both versions have been in use.
Response: Preston North End & Arsenal Football Club
Instruction: Who is Phil Murphy?
Context: Philip Dunton Murphy (born August 16, 1957)[1][2] is an American financier, diplomat, and politician serving as the 56th governor of New Jersey since January 2018. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the United States ambassador to Germany from 2009 to 2013 under President Barack Obama.[3]
Response: Philip Dunton Murphy (born August 16, 1957)[1][2] is an American financier, diplomat, and politician serving as the 56th governor of New Jersey since January 2018. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the United States ambassador to Germany from 2009 to 2013 under President Barack Obama.[3]

Murphy had a 23-year career at Goldman Sachs, where he held several high-level positions and accumulated considerable wealth before retiring in 2006. He is involved in many civic organizations and philanthropic pursuits. He served as finance chairman for the Democratic National Committee in the mid-late 2000s under Howard Dean.[4][5] In the Obama administration, Murphy served as the United States ambassador to Germany from 2009 to 2013, during which time he dealt with the international fallout from the United States diplomatic cables leak.

While planning to run for governor, Murphy and his wife Tammy Murphy launched New Start New Jersey, a progressive organization active from November 2014 to December 2017, intended to increase his political visibility in the state. He defeated then-Lieutenant Governor Kim Guadagno in the 2017 gubernatorial election with 56% of the vote.[6] In December 2019, Murphy became the chairperson of the Democratic Governors Association,[7] a position he held for a year.[8] He was reelected in 2021, defeating Republican nominee Jack Ciattarelli with 51.2% of the vote, becoming the first Democratic governor of New Jersey to win a second term since Brendan Byrne in 1977.[9] In July 2022, Murphy became the first National Governors Association chair from New Jersey.
Instruction: How many windows does the building have based on the provided paragraph?
Context: The main entrance on the west side of the building faces North 14th Avenue. The building is fronted by a concrete porch with three steps leading to louvered double doors surrounded by windows. Panels of five lights each flank the doors, and above it a seven panel fanlight frames a sign with the club's name. Gabled returns supported by pilasters and a pair of Tuscan columns show a neoclassical architectural influence. Two four-light windows with green shutters are centered on either side of the door. Each of the windows has green two-panel shutters with cutouts of a full moon on top and a crescent moon on the bottom. The north and south side have four windows each, and the back of the building has three. The building is painted white and sheathed in clapboard except the four bottom courses covered with asbestos shingles. The porches and roof are green.[3]
Response: There are a total of 13 windows.

The side of the house with the entrance has two four-light windows, the north and south side have four windows each, and the back of the building has three.

Therefore, in total, the house has 2 + 4 + 4 + 3 windows or 13 windows.
Instruction: What is comparative genomics?
Response: The core of comparative genome analysis is the establishment of the correspondence between genes (orthology analysis) or other genomic features in different organisms. It is these intergenomic maps that make it possible to trace the evolutionary processes responsible for the divergence of two genomes. A multitude of evolutionary events acting at various organizational levels shape genome evolution. At the lowest level, point mutations affect individual nucleotides. At a higher level, large chromosomal segments undergo duplication, lateral transfer, inversion, transposition, deletion and insertion.[28] Ultimately, whole genomes are involved in processes of hybridization, polyploidization and endosymbiosis, often leading to rapid speciation. The complexity of genome evolution poses many exciting challenges to developers of mathematical models and algorithms, who have recourse to a spectrum of algorithmic, statistical and mathematical techniques, ranging from exact, heuristics, fixed parameter and approximation algorithms for problems based on parsimony models to Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for Bayesian analysis of problems based on probabilistic models.

Many of these studies are based on the detection of sequence homology to assign sequences to protein families.
Instruction: When did the Vietnam War Start?
Context: The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.[17] It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam
Response: The Vietnam War started on 1 November 1955
Instruction: What kind of species is the Hackelia bella
Context: Hackelia bella is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name greater showy stickseed.

It is native to the northern California Coast Ranges and the Klamath Mountains in northeastern California and southwestern Oregon in the United States. It is found in yellow pine forest, red fir forest habitats.
Response: Hackelia bella is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by the common name greater showy stickseed.

It is native to the northern California Coast Ranges and the Klamath Mountains in northeastern California and southwestern Oregon in the United States. It is found in yellow pine forest, red fir forest habitats.
Instruction: Given a reference text about Justice League Dark, tell me who the main actors are and what roles they played.
Context: Justice League Dark is a 2017 American adult animated science fantasy superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Home Video. Featuring the DC Comics team of the same name created by Peter Milligan and Mikel Janín, the film is the 27th of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies and the eighth of the DC Animated Movie Universe. Unlike most installments in the DC Animated Universe Movies series, Justice League Dark features an original premise. The film stars Matt Ryan as John Constantine and Jason O'Mara as Batman, reprising their respective roles from previous media. It was released on Digital HD on January 24, 2017, and on DVD and Blu-ray on February 7.[1]

A sequel, Justice League Dark: Apokolips War, was released in May 2020.
Response: The main actors in Justice League Dark were Matt Ryan and Jason O'Mara. In the film, Matt Ryan is John Constantine and Jason O'Mara is Batman.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about the planet Jupiter, tell me what it is made of.
Context: Jupiter's upper atmosphere is about 90% hydrogen and 10% helium by volume. Since helium atoms are more massive than hydrogen molecules, Jupiter's atmosphere is approximately 24% helium by mass.[40] The atmosphere also contains trace amounts of methane, water vapour, ammonia, and silicon-based compounds. There are also fractional amounts of carbon, ethane, hydrogen sulfide, neon, oxygen, phosphine, and sulfur. The outermost layer of the atmosphere contains crystals of frozen ammonia. Through infrared and ultraviolet measurements, trace amounts of benzene and other hydrocarbons have also been found.[41] The interior of Jupiter contains denser materials—by mass it is roughly 71% hydrogen, 24% helium, and 5% other elements.[42][43]
Response: The planet Jupiter is referred to as a gas giant, because the matter that makes it up is almost entirely in gaseous form. It has no solid form like many of the other planets in our solar system. Jupiter consists primarily of hydrogen and helium. By volume, the hydrogen distribution ranges from 71-90%, while we will find anywhere from 10-24% helium. There are also traces of other materials to be found. These include methane, water vapour, ammonia, silicon-based compounds and others.
Instruction: What is the biggest threat to the great barrier reef?
Context: The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority considers the greatest threat to the Great Barrier Reef to be climate change, causing ocean warming which increases coral bleaching.[60][61] Mass coral bleaching events due to marine heatwaves occurred in the summers of 1998, 2002, 2006, 2016, 2017 and 2020,[62][13][63] and coral bleaching is expected to become an annual occurrence.[64] In 2020, a study found that the Great Barrier Reef has lost more than half of its corals since 1995 due to warmer seas driven by climate change.[63][65] As global warming continues, corals will not be able to keep up with increasing ocean temperatures. Coral bleaching events lead to increased disease susceptibility, which causes detrimental ecological effects for reef communities.[66]
Response: Climate change is the biggest threat to the Great Barrier Reef. Major heat waves over the past 30 years have increased coral bleaching and is now expected to occur yearly. Coral bleaching increases the likelihood of disease and is therefore destroying reef communities.