MiniLLM/dolly huggingface dataset:
Instruction: What do you get by substituting the oxygen in the isocyanate group with a sulfur?
Context: In organic chemistry, isothiocyanate is the functional group −N=C=S, formed by substituting the oxygen in the isocyanate group with a sulfur. Many natural isothiocyanates from plants are produced by enzymatic conversion of metabolites called glucosinolates. These natural isothiocyanates, such as allyl isothiocyanate, are also known as mustard oils. An artificial isothiocyanate, phenyl isothiocyanate, is used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.
Response: In organic chemistry, isothiocyanate is the functional group −N=C=S, formed by substituting the oxygen in the isocyanate group with a sulfur. Many natural isothiocyanates from plants are produced by enzymatic conversion of metabolites called glucosinolates. These natural isothiocyanates, such as allyl isothiocyanate, are also known as mustard oils. An artificial isothiocyanate, phenyl isothiocyanate, is used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.

Cruciferous vegetables, such as bok choy, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, and others, are rich sources of glucosinolate precursors of isothiocyanates.[1] Although there has been some basic research on how isothiocyanates might exert biological effects in vivo, there is no high-quality evidence to date for its efficacy against human diseases
Instruction: What is the population of North Carolina?
Context: North Carolina is a state in the Southern United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and South Carolina to the south, and Tennessee to the west. In the 2020 census, the state had a population of 10,439,388.[7] Raleigh is the state's capital and Charlotte is its largest city.
Response: In the 2020 census, the state of North Carolina had a population of 10,439,388. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States.
Instruction: Is the Wetmorena agasepsoides a lizard
Context: Wetmorena agasepsoides, the serpentine four-toed galliwasp, is an endangered species of lizard of the Diploglossidae family[2] endemic to the Dominican Republic on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola.
Response: Yes, the Wetmorena agasepsoides, the serpentine four-toed galliwasp, is an endangered species of lizard of the Diploglossidae family endemic to the Dominican Republic on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola.
Instruction: Which book of Douglas Hofstadter won the Pulitzer Prize?
Context: Douglas Richard Hofstadter (born February 15, 1945) is an American scholar of cognitive science, physics, and comparative literature whose research includes concepts such as the sense of self in relation to the external world,[1][4] consciousness, analogy-making, artistic creation, literary translation, and discovery in mathematics and physics. His 1979 book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid won both the Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction[5][6] and a National Book Award (at that time called The American Book Award) for Science.[7][note 1] His 2007 book I Am a Strange Loop won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Science and Technology.[8][9][10]
Response: Douglas Hofstadter's book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid won the Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction.
Instruction: Can you describe Gene expression?
Response: Genes generally express their functional effect through the production of proteins, molecules responsible for most functions in the cell. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide chains, each composed of a sequence of amino acids. The DNA sequence of a gene is used to produce a specific amino acid sequence. This process begins with the production of an RNA molecule with a sequence matching the gene's DNA sequence, a process called transcription.

This messenger RNA molecule then serves to produce a corresponding amino acid sequence through a process called translation. Each group of three nucleotides in the sequence, called a codon, corresponds either to one of the twenty possible amino acids in a protein or an instruction to end the amino acid sequence; this correspondence is called the genetic code.[72] The flow of information is unidirectional: information is transferred from nucleotide sequences into the amino acid sequence of proteins, but it never transfers from protein back into the sequence of DNA—a phenomenon Francis Crick called the central dogma of molecular biology.[73]

The specific sequence of amino acids results in a unique three-dimensional structure for that protein, and the three-dimensional structures of proteins are related to their functions.[74][75] Some are simple structural molecules, like the fibers formed by the protein collagen. Proteins can bind to other proteins and simple molecules, sometimes acting as enzymes by facilitating chemical reactions within the bound molecules (without changing the structure of the protein itself). Protein structure is dynamic; the protein hemoglobin bends into slightly different forms as it facilitates the capture, transport, and release of oxygen molecules within mammalian blood.
Instruction: Extract all the place names from the paragraph. Different places should be separated by comma.
Context: London was the first city to host the Summer Olympic Games three times. As of 2022, Paris, Los Angeles, Athens and Tokyo have each hosted twice; Paris will host for the third time in 2024, followed by Los Angeles which will host the Games in 2028.[1] Only five countries have participated in every Summer Olympic Games: Australia, France, Great Britain, Greece, and Switzerland. Australia, France and Great Britain have won at least a medal at every edition of the Games, with Great Britain as the only one to win gold each time. The United States leads the all-time medal count at the Summer Olympics, and has topped the medal table on 18 separate occasions—followed by the USSR (six times), and France, Great Britain, Germany, China, and the ex-Soviet 'Unified Team' (once each).
Response: Paris, Los Angeles, Athens, Tokyo, Australia, France, Great Britain, Greece, Switzerland, Australia, France, Great Britain, USSR,Germany, China
Instruction: How many books did Dr Seuss write?
Context: Theodor Seuss Geisel (/suːs ˈɡaɪzəl, zɔɪs -/ (listen);[2][3][4] March 2, 1904 – September 24, 1991)[5] was an American children's author and cartoonist. He is known for his work writing and illustrating more than 60 books under the pen name Dr. Seuss (/suːs, zuːs/).[4][6] His work includes many of the most popular children's books of all time, selling over 600 million copies and being translated into more than 20 languages by the time of his death.[7]
Response: Dr Seuss is known for his work writing and illustrating more than 60 books under the pen name Dr. Seuss
Instruction: Which artist recorded the album Moonlight Madness?
Context: Moonlight Madness is the second studio album by singer Teri DeSario, released in 1979 by Casablanca Records and Filmworks (NBLP-7178).[1] It includes the hit single "Yes, I'm Ready", a duet with K.C. of KC and the Sunshine Band.
The album contains mostly disco music, including "Dancin' in the Streets" and "I'm Ready".[2]
Response: Singer Teri DeSario recorded Moonlight Madness, tracks on the album are mostly in the disco music category and includes the hit single Yes I’m Ready and Dancin in the Streets. 

The album was first released on sale in 1979 on Casablanca Records and Moonlight Madness was the second studio album recorded by DeSario.
Instruction: Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}
Context: Kevin Stanley Rohleder (7 April 1920 – 14 August 1983) was an Australian rules footballer who had played with St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).[1] His brother, Noel Rohleder, played one game for South Melbourne. The son of Veronica Harriet Stanley (1899–1970), Kevin Stanley was born at Carlton, Victoria on 7 April 1920. He later took the surname Rohleder after his mother married Walter John Rohleder (1897–1982) in 1923.
Response: • Kevin Stanley Rohleder
• Noel Rohleder
• Veronica Harriet Stanley
• Walter John Rohleder
Instruction: How long does it take to recover from a sinus infection?
Context: Generally sinusitis starts off as a common viral infection like common cold.[9] This infection generally subsides within 5 to 7 days. During this time the nasal structures can swell and facilitate the stagnation of fluids in sinuses that leads to acute sinusitis which lasts from 6th day of the infection to 15th day. From the 15th day to 45th day of the infection comes the subacute stage[9] followed by chronic stage.[1] Whenever a chronic stage patient's immunity takes a hit the infection moves to "acute on sinusitis" stage and moves back to chronic when the immunity is up.
Response: Given this paragraph about Sinusitis, it takes 5-7 days to feel much better.
Instruction: Which parks are popular in London?
Context: A 2013 report by the City of London Corporation said that London is the "greenest city" in Europe with 14,164 hectares (35,000 acres) of public parks, woodlands and gardens.[491] The largest parks in the central area of London are three of the eight Royal Parks, namely Hyde Park and its neighbour Kensington Gardens in the west, and Regent's Park to the north.[492] Hyde Park in particular is popular for sports and sometimes hosts open-air concerts. Regent's Park contains London Zoo, the world's oldest scientific zoo, and is near Madame Tussauds Wax Museum.[493][494] Primrose Hill, immediately to the north of Regent's Park, at 256 feet (78 m)[495] is a popular spot from which to view the city skyline.
Response: Popular parks in London includes Hyde Park, Regent's Park and Kensington Gardens.
Instruction: What is the New Administrative Capital of Egypt?
Context: The New Administrative Capital (NAC)[1][2] (Arabic: العاصمة الإدارية الجديدة, romanized: al-ʿĀṣima al-ʾIdārīya al-Gadīda) is a new urban community in Cairo Governorate, Egypt and a satellite of Cairo City. It is planned to be Egypt's new capital and has been under construction since 2015.[3] It was announced by the then Egyptian housing minister Mostafa Madbouly at the Egypt Economic Development Conference on 13 March 2015.[4] The capital city is considered one of the projects for economic development, and is part of a larger initiative called Egypt Vision 2030.[5]
Response: The New Administrative Capital is planned city that will replace Cairo as the capital or Egypt.  Construction has been underway since 2015 and is planned to be ready by 2030.
Instruction: Where is Malard
Context: Malard (Persian: ملارد, also Romanized as Malārd and Melārd; also known as Malār)[3] is a city in the Central District of Malard County, Tehran province, Iran, and serves as capital of the county.

At the 2006 census, its population was 228,673 in 61,302 households.[4] The following census in 2011 counted 290,817 people in 85,445 households.[5] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 281,027 people in 86,830 households.[2]
Response: Malard is a city in the Central District of Malard County, Tehran province, Iran, and serves as capital of the county.

At the 2006 census, its population was 228,673 in 61,302 households. The following census in 2011 counted 290,817 people in 85,445 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 281,027 people in 86,830 households.
Instruction: How large is the runway of the Richton-Perry County Airport?
Context: Richton-Perry County Airport covers an area of 55 acres (22 ha) at an elevation of 167 feet (51 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 18/36 with an asphalt surface measuring 3,000 by 60 feet (914 x 18 m).[1]

For the 12-month period ending November 17, 2011, the airport had 1,400 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 116 per month. At that time there were two single-engine aircraft based at this airport.[1]
Response: The single runway at the Richton-Perry County Airport is 18000 square feet in area (it's dimensions are 3,000 by 60 feet)
Instruction: Extract the highest point in the city of Paris from this paragraph.
Context: Paris is located in northern central France, in a north-bending arc of the river Seine whose crest includes two islands, the Île Saint-Louis and the larger Île de la Cité, which form the oldest part of the city. The river's mouth on the English Channel (La Manche) is about 233 mi (375 km) downstream from the city. The city is spread widely on both banks of the river.[94] Overall, the city is relatively flat, and the lowest point is 35 m (115 ft) above sea level. Paris has several prominent hills, the highest of which is Montmartre at 130 m (427 ft).[95]
Response: The highest points is Montmartre at 130m or 427ft.
Instruction: Based on this paragraph, who was Donald Trump's physician during 2018 to 2021?
Context: Sean Patrick Conley (born 1980) is an American physician[1] and United States Navy officer who served as the Physician to the President from 2018 to 2021.[2] Conley served as physician to president Donald Trump during the COVID-19 pandemic, often serving as the president's medical advisor, and treating the president when he tested positive for COVID-19.[3]
Response: Sean Patrick Conley
Instruction: Who is Joe Biden?
Context: Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (/ˈbaɪdən/ (listen) BY-dən; born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who is the 46th and current president of the United States. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 47th vice president from 2009 to 2017 under President Barack Obama and represented Delaware in the United States Senate from 1973 to 2009.
Response: Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (/ˈbaɪdən/ (listen) BY-dən; born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who is the 46th and current president of the United States. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 47th vice president from 2009 to 2017 under President Barack Obama and represented Delaware in the United States Senate from 1973 to 2009.

Born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, Biden moved with his family to Delaware in 1953. He studied at the University of Delaware before earning his law degree from Syracuse University. He was elected to the New Castle County Council in 1970 and became the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history after he was elected in 1972, at age 29. Biden was the chair or ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for 12 years. He chaired the Senate Judiciary Committee from 1987 to 1995; drafted and led the effort to pass the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and the Violence Against Women Act; and oversaw six U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings, including the contentious hearings for Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas. Biden ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1988 and 2008. Barack Obama chose Biden as his running mate in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections. Biden was a close counselor to Obama during his two terms as Obama's vice president.

Biden and his running mate, Kamala Harris, defeated incumbents Donald Trump and Mike Pence in the 2020 presidential election. On January 20, 2021, he became the oldest president in U.S. history, the first to have a female vice president, and the first from Delaware. As president, Biden has addressed the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent recession. He signed the American Rescue Plan Act, the bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, the Inflation Reduction Act, the CHIPS and Science Act, and the Respect for Marriage Act, which codified protections for same-sex marriage and repealed the Defense of Marriage Act. He appointed Ketanji Brown Jackson to the Supreme Court. In foreign policy, Biden restored America's membership in the Paris Agreement on climate change. He completed the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan that had been negotiated and begun under the previous administration, ending the war in Afghanistan, during which the Afghan government collapsed and the Taliban seized control. He signed AUKUS, a security pact, together with Australia and the United Kingdom. He responded to the Russian invasion of Ukraine by imposing sanctions on Russia and authorizing foreign aid and weapons shipments to Ukraine.[1]
Instruction: Given this reference text, give me a list of all the schools attended by Tripp.
Context: Tripp attended The Hill School at Pottstown, Pennsylvania where he drew his attention for his talent as a football player. Tripp enrolled at the University of Chicago and played at the tackle for Amos Alonzo Stagg's 1902 football team.[1] In January 1903, Tripp transferred to Yale University,[1] where he played guard for Yale University's football teams in 1904 and 1905 after sitting out the 1903 season. He was captain of Yale's championship team of 1905,[2] and was selected by Walter Camp as a first-team All-American in 1905.[3] He later worked as a stockbroker He died in October 1962.[4]
Response: The Hill School, University of Chicago, Yale University
Instruction: What are the primary causes of climate change?
Context: In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to Earth's climate. The current rise in global average temperature is more rapid than previous changes, and is primarily caused by humans burning fossil fuels.[2][3] Fossil fuel use, deforestation, and some agricultural and industrial practices increase greenhouse gases, notably carbon dioxide and methane.[4] Greenhouse gases absorb some of the heat that the Earth radiates after it warms from sunlight. Larger amounts of these gases trap more heat in Earth's lower atmosphere, causing global warming.
Response: The primary physical causes or drivers of climate change are:
- Humans burning fossil fuels
- Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide
- Aerosols such as sulfur dioxide, organic carbon, black carbon and ammonia
Instruction: Where did Waldo E. Koop work?
Context: As a career, Waldo E. Koop was an engineer for Boeing. He was called one of the nation's finest researchers by local and state historians, and was credited in the series of Time Life books on the Old West for his research on gunfighters. Koop discovered that Henry McCarty, later known as Billy the Kid, spent time in Wichita, Kansas, where he saw his first gunfight. He published his findings in 1965 in the book, Billy the Kid: the Trail of a Kansas Legend.[4]
Response: Waldo E. Koop was an engineer for Boeing before becoming one of the nation's finest researchers.
Instruction: What's special about Novy Urkarakh, the town in Russia?
Context: Novy Urkarakh (Russian: Новый Уркарах; Dargwa: Сагаси Уркарахъ) is a rural locality (a selo) in Urkarkhsky Selsoviet, Dakhadayevsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The population was 1,101 as of 2010.[2] There are 9 streets.[3] Dargins live there.
Response: In Russia, the town of Novy Urkarakh is actually referred to as a selo. Selo's are very small rural communities spread across the country. In fact, Novy Urkarakh is so small that it is home to only 1,101 Dargins. Residents of the community get around and live on nine paved roads. Novy Urkarakh is that small!
Instruction: Who is J.K.Rowling?
Context: Joanne Rowling CH OBE FRSL (/ˈroʊlɪŋ/ "rolling";[1] born 31 July 1965), also known by her pen name J. K. Rowling, is a British author and philanthropist. She wrote Harry Potter, a seven-volume children's fantasy series published from 1997 to 2007. The series has sold over 600 million copies, been translated into 84 languages, and spawned a global media franchise including films and video games. The Casual Vacancy (2012) was her first novel for adults. She writes Cormoran Strike, an ongoing crime fiction series, under the alias Robert Galbraith.
Response: Joanne Rowling a.k.a J.K.Rowling is the famous author of Harry Potter books.
Instruction: What is the Gun Show in New Zealand
Context: Welcome to the Gun Show is a New Zealand music programme which first went to air on New Zealand's Alt TV, Sky Digital 65. The show is produced by former Lynfield College student Johnathon Leyland.
Response: Welcome to the Gun Show is a New Zealand music programme which first went to air on New Zealand's Alt TV, Sky Digital 65. The show is produced by former Lynfield College student Johnathon Leyland.
Instruction: How did Jon Rahm win the Farmers Insurance Open?
Context: In late January 2017, Rahm won the Farmers Insurance Open with a 60-foot eagle putt on the final hole to notch his maiden PGA Tour title.[16] He jumped from 137th to 46th in the Official World Golf Ranking with the win, and also gained entry into the Masters Tournament, The Players Championship, the PGA Championship, and World Golf Championships events.[17] On 2 March, Rahm played in his first World Golf Championships event at the WGC-Mexico Championship where he shot rounds of 67-70-67-68 (−12) to finish T3, two strokes behind winner Dustin Johnson.[18]
Response: a 60-foot eagle putt on the final hole
Instruction: Tell me about Potrerillos
Context: Potrerillos is a corregimiento in Dolega District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It has a land area of 55.4 square kilometres (21.4 sq mi) and had a population of 1,562 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 28.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (73/sq mi).[1] Its population as of 1990 was 1,157; its population as of 2000 was 1,378.[1]
Response: Potrerillos is a corregimiento in Dolega District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It has a land area of 55.4 square kilometres (21.4 sq mi) and had a population of 1,562 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 28.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (73/sq mi).
Instruction: Given a reference text about spaghetti, what shape is it, where did it originate, and are there any variations of it?
Context: Spaghetti is a long, thin, solid, cylindrical pasta.[1] It is a staple food of traditional Italian cuisine. Like other pasta, spaghetti is made of milled wheat, water, and sometimes enriched with vitamins and minerals. Italian spaghetti is typically made from durum-wheat semolina.[2] Usually the pasta is white because refined flour is used, but whole wheat flour may be added. Spaghettoni is a thicker form of spaghetti, while spaghettini is a thinner form. Capellini is a very thin spaghetti, sometimes known colloquially as "angel hair pasta".
Response: The shape of spaghetti is long, thin, and cylindrical. It traditionally comes from Italy and has a two variations - those being Spaghettoni, which is thicker, and capellini, which is thiner and sometime called 'angel hair pasta'.
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the  population of Seattle metropolitan area
Context: Seattle (/siˈætəl/ (listen) see-AT-əl) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the seat of King County, Washington. With a 2020 population of 737,015,[2] it is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The Seattle metropolitan area's population is 4.02 million, making it the 15th-largest in the United States.[10] Its growth rate of 21.1% between 2010 and 2020 made it one of country's fastest-growing large cities.[11]
Response: The Seattle metropolitan area's population is 4.02 million, making it the 15th-largest in the United States
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the names of elementary particles and arrange them in alphabetical order
Context: In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles.[1] Particles currently thought to be elementary include electrons, the fundamental fermions (quarks, leptons, antiquarks, and antileptons, which generally are matter particles and antimatter particles), as well as the fundamental bosons (gauge bosons and the Higgs boson), which generally are force particles that mediate interactions among fermions.A particle containing two or more elementary particles is a composite particle.
Response: 1. Antileptons
2. Antiquarks
3. Electrons
4. Gauge bosons
5. Higgs boson
6. Leptons
7. Quarks
Instruction: Given the reference text below the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, how high was the mountain after the disaster?
Context: In December 1631, Mount Vesuvius in Italy erupted. The eruption began on 16 December 1631 and culminated the day after.[1] The Volcanic Explosivity Index was VEI-5, and it was a Plinian eruption that buried many villages under the resulting lava flows.[2] It is estimated that between 4,000 people were killed by the eruption, making it the highest death toll for a volcanic disaster in the Mediterranean in the last 1800 years.[citation needed] The 1631 eruption was considered to be of minor proportions regarding its eruptive magnitude and erupted volumes compared to the AD 79 eruption, but the damage was not.[citation needed] By the 1631 eruption, the summit of Mount Vesuvius had been reduced by 450m, making its total height lower than that of Mount Somma.[3]
Response: Mount Vesuvius had a reduced summit by 450 meters.
Instruction: How is Tesla's approach to full autonomy is different from the other companies?
Context: Tesla's approach to achieve full autonomy is different from that of other companies.[302] Whereas Waymo, Cruise, and other companies are relying on highly detailed (centimeter-scale) three-dimensional maps, lidar, and cameras, as well as radar and ultrasonic sensors in their autonomous vehicles, Tesla's approach is to use coarse-grained two-dimensional maps and cameras (no lidar) as well as radar and ultrasonic sensors.[302][303] Tesla claims that although its approach is much more difficult, it will ultimately be more useful, because its vehicles will be able to self-drive without geofencing concerns.[304] Tesla's self-driving software has been trained on over 20 billion miles driven by Tesla vehicles as of January 2021.[305] Tesla also designed a self-driving computer chip that has been installed in its cars since March 2019.[306]
Response: Tesla uses e coarse-grained two-dimensional maps and cameras (no lidar) as well as radar and ultrasonic sensors whereas its competitors rely on highly detailed  (centimeter-scale) three-dimensional maps, lidar, and cameras
Instruction: Given a reference text about In the House, when was it originally on TV and what channel played it?
Context: In the House is an American television sitcom that originally aired on NBC from April 10, 1995 and moved to UPN after its second season.[1][2] The show starred LL Cool J as Marion Hill a former professional football player with the Oakland Raiders. Because of his financial predicament, he is forced to rent out most of the rooms in his house to newly divorced single mother Jackie Warren (Debbie Allen) and her two children, Tiffany (Maia Campbell) and Austin (Jeffery Wood). In the third season, Jackie and Austin move to Nashville, leaving Tiffany to stay with Marion in order to finish school in Los Angeles; Marion purchases a sports rehabilitation facility with the boisterous Tonia (Kim Wayans) and the pompous Maxwell (Alfonso Ribeiro), leading to the trio's attempts to work together despite their clashing personalities.
Response: In the House was aired on NBC on April 10, 1995
Instruction: Given this paragraph about heart, for how many deaths (in %) as of 2008 do cardiovascular diseases account for?
Context: Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death globally as of 2008, accounting for 30% of deaths.[11][12] Of these more than three-quarters are a result of coronary artery disease and stroke.[11] Risk factors include: smoking, being overweight, little exercise, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and poorly controlled diabetes, among others.[13] Cardiovascular diseases do not frequently have symptoms but may cause chest pain or shortness of breath. Diagnosis of heart disease is often done by the taking of a medical history, listening to the heart-sounds with a stethoscope, ECG, echocardiogram, and ultrasound.[3] Specialists who focus on diseases of the heart are called cardiologists, although many specialties of medicine may be involved in treatment.[12]
Response: 30%
Instruction: Given this paragraph, what is the recommended daily value of magnesium for women in the UK?
Context: In the UK, the recommended daily values for magnesium are 300 mg for men and 270 mg for women.[67] In the U.S. the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are 400 mg for men ages 19–30 and 420 mg for older; for women 310 mg for ages 19–30 and 320 mg for older.[68]
Response: The daily recommended value for magnesium is 270 mg for women in the UK.
Instruction: Given a reference text about Tom Brady, tell me when they were born and what they are famous for.
Context: Thomas Edward Patrick Brady Jr. (born August 3, 1977) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 23 seasons. He spent his first 20 seasons with the New England Patriots and was a central contributor to the franchise's dynasty from 2001 to 2019. In his final three seasons, he was a member of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Brady is widely regarded as the greatest quarterback of all time.[1]
Response: Tom Brady was born on August 3rd, 1977. He is famous for being the greatest quarterback of all time.
Instruction: What college did David Gilhooly go to?
Context: He enrolled in University of California, Davis (UC Davis) initially studying biology, followed by anthropology, and ending with a focus on fine art.[5] While attending UC Davis, Gilhooly served as artist Robert Arneson's assistant starting in 1963.[3][5] He graduated from UC Davis with a BA degree in 1965, and an MA degree in 1967.[5]
Response: David Gilhooly went to the University of California, Davis (UC Davis).
Instruction: Who is Sergey or Sergiy Korsunsky
Context: Sergiy Korsunsky (born August 10, 1962 in Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukrainian diplomat. He previously served as Chargé d'affaires of Ukraine to the United States during 2005 and Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to Turkey (2008-2016). Director of the Hennadii Udovenko Diplomatic Academy of Ukraine in 2017-2020.

Ambassador of Ukraine to Japan (since April 2020).[1]
Response: Sergiy Korsunsky (born August 10, 1962 in Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukrainian diplomat. He previously served as Chargé d'affaires of Ukraine to the United States during 2005 and Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to Turkey (2008-2016). Director of the Hennadii Udovenko Diplomatic Academy of Ukraine in 2017-2020.

Ambassador of Ukraine to Japan (since April 2020).
Instruction: Extract who was Karl Lagerfeld
Context: Karl Otto Lagerfeld (German pronunciation: [kaʁl ˈʔɔtoː ˈlaːɡɐˌfɛlt] (listen); 10 September 1933 – 19 February 2019) was a German fashion designer, creative director, artist and photographer.[7][8]

He was known as the creative director of the French fashion house Chanel, a position held from 1983 until his death, and was also creative director of the Italian fur and leather goods fashion house Fendi, and of his own eponymous fashion label. He collaborated on a variety of fashion and art-related projects.
Response: Karl Lagerfeld was one of the world's premier fashion designers who rose to international fame in the 1980s, as the creative director of the French fashion house Chanel.  He was also the creative director of Fendi and had his own fashion label.  Early in his career, he was the assistant to Pierre Balmain and became the creative director of Jean Patou in 1958.  He collaborated with many high end fashion labels such as Krizia, Charles Jourdan, Chloe and Valentino.
Instruction: Where is the Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John painting located now?
Context: The Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John by Hendrick ter Brugghen is an oil painting, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. It was probably painted c. 1625 as an altarpiece for a Catholic schuilkerk, a "hidden church" or "church in the attic", in the Calvinist Dutch United Provinces, probably Utrecht. When discovered in a bombed out church in South Hackney, London in 1956, it was unknown, but by the time it appeared in Sotheby's salesroom in November of that year it was recognized as an important example of Utrecht Caravaggism. It was acquired by the museum in the sale.[2][3]
Response: The Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John oil painting is located in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
Instruction: Who owns ITV?
Context: The history of ITV, the United Kingdom "Independent Television" commercial network, goes back to 1955.[1]

Independent Television began as a network of independently-owned regional companies that were both broadcasters and programme makers, beginning with four companies operating six stations in three large regions in 1955–1956, and gradually expanding to 17 stations in 14 regions by 1962. Each regional station was responsible for its own branding, scheduling and advertising, with many peak-time programmes shared simultaneously across the whole network.

By 29 February 2016, 12 regions in England and Wales shared national ITV branding and scheduling, and, together with a 13th region UTV in Northern Ireland, were owned by a single company, ITV plc. A further two regions in Scotland carry STV branding and are owned by the STV Group.
Response: ITV plc owns all 13 ITV regions in England and Wales as well as UTV in Northern Ireland. STV Group owns the STV region in Scotland.
Instruction: Given a reference text about phrynobatrachus tokba, what are common names for it?
Context: Phrynobatrachus tokba is a species of frog in the family Phrynobatrachidae.[1][2][3] It is found in West Africa from Ghana westward to Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone,[1][3] and Guinea-Bissau.[2] Common names Tokba river frog, Tokba puddle frog, and—when referring to the formerly recognized Phrynobatrachus alticola, forest river frog—have been proposed for it.[2]
Response: Common names for Phrynobatrachus tokba are Tokba river frog, Tokba puddle frog, and forest river frog.
Instruction: What are the components of a passive crossover?
Context: A passive crossover is an electronic circuit that uses a combination of one or more resistors, inductors and capacitors. These components are combined to form a filter network and are most often placed between the full frequency-range power amplifier and the loudspeaker drivers to divide the amplifier's signal into the necessary frequency bands before being delivered to the individual drivers. Passive crossover circuits need no external power beyond the audio signal itself, but have some disadvantages: they may require larger inductors and capacitors due to power handling requirements. Unlike active crossovers which include a built-in amplifier, passive crossovers have an inherent attenuation within the passband, typically leading to a reduction in damping factor before the voice coil[30]
Response: A passive crossover is a loudspeaker circuit comprised of resistors, inductors, and capacitors.
Instruction: Who is Lord Voldemort?
Response: Lord Voldemort is a sobriquet for Tom Marvolo Riddle, a character and the main antagonist in J. K. Rowling's series of Harry Potter novels. The character first appeared in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, which was published in 1997, and returned either in person or in flashbacks in each book and its film adaptation in the series except the third, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, in which he is only mentioned.

Voldemort is the archenemy of Harry Potter, who according to a prophecy has "the power to vanquish the Dark Lord". He attempts to murder the boy, but instead kills his parents, Lily and James Potter, and leaves Harry with a scar on his forehead in the shape of a lightning bolt. Nearly every witch or wizard dares not utter his name and refers to him instead with such monikers as "You-Know-Who", "He Who Must Not Be Named", or "the Dark Lord". Voldemort's obsession with blood purity signifies his aim to rid the wizarding world of Muggle (non-magical) heritage and to conquer both worlds, Muggle and wizarding, to achieve pure-blood dominance. Through his mother's family, he is the last descendant of the wizard Salazar Slytherin,[6][7] one of the four founders of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. He is the leader of the Death Eaters, a group of evil wizards and witches dedicated to ridding the Wizarding World of Muggles and establishing Voldemort as its supreme ruler.
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract which month is the coolest in Chennai
Context: Chennai has a dry-summer tropical wet and dry climate under the (Köppen climate classification). The city lies on the thermal equator[126] and is also on the coast, which prevents extreme variation in seasonal temperature. The hottest part of the year is late May to early June, known regionally as Agni Nakshatram ("fire star") or as Kathiri Veyyil,[127] with maximum temperatures around 35–40 °C (95–104 °F). The coolest part of the year is January, with minimum temperatures around 19–25 °C (66–77 °F). The lowest recorded temperature was 13.9 °C (57.0 °F) on 11 December 1895 and 29 January 1905.[128] The highest recorded temperature was 45 °C (113 °F) on 31 May 2003.[128] The average annual rainfall is about 140 cm (55 in).[129]
Response: The coolest part of the year is January
Instruction: What game was the animated series Tank Knights Fortress based on?
Context: Fortress is a shooter video game developed by CCR Inc and published by Netsgo. The game spawned an animated series, Tank Knights Fortress, and a sequel, Fortress 2.[1] On November 18, 2011, service for the game was terminated in South Korea and Japan.
Response: Fortress.
Instruction: What are Flos
Context: Flos is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are commonly known as plushblues and are found in the Indomalayan realm.
Response: Flos is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species of this genus are commonly known as plushblues and are found in the Indomalayan realm.
Instruction: What is Paris-Brest named after?
Context: The round pastry, in the form of a wheel, was created in 1910 by Louis Durand, pâtissier of Maisons-Laffitte, at the request of Pierre Giffard, to commemorate the Paris–Brest–Paris bicycle race he had initiated in 1891.[1] Its circular shape is representative of a wheel. It became popular with riders on the Paris–Brest–Paris cycle race, partly because of its energizing, high-calorie value and its intriguing name, and is now found in pâtisseries all over France.[2]
Response: Paris-Brest is a round french pastry, usually prepared as a choux pastry with a cream filling. The pastry is shaped like a circle with a hole in the middle, meant to represent a bicycle wheel in honor of a famous bicycle race between the French cities of Paris and Brest.
Instruction: Tell me about the Schoenbrunn Palace
Context: Schönbrunn Palace (German: Schloss Schönbrunn [ˈʃlɔs ʃøːnˈbʁʊn] (listen); Central Bavarian: Schloss Scheenbrunn) was the main summer residence of the Habsburg rulers, located in Hietzing, Vienna. The name Schönbrunn (meaning "beautiful spring") has its roots in an artesian well from which water was consumed by the court.

The 1,441-room Rococo palace is one of the most important architectural, cultural, and historic monuments in the country. The history of the palace and its vast gardens spans over 300 years, reflecting the changing tastes, interests, and aspirations of successive Habsburg monarchs. It has been a major tourist attraction since the mid-1950s.[1]
Response: Schoenbrunn Palace was the main summer residence of the Habsburg rulers, located in Hietzing, Vienna. The name Schoenbrunn (meaning "beautiful spring") has its roots in an artesian well from which water was consumed by the court.

The 1,441-room Rococo palace is one of the most important architectural, cultural, and historic monuments in the country.
Instruction: What is Genetics?
Response: Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.[1][2][3] It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring over time. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene.

Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century, but modern genetics has expanded to study the function and behavior of genes. Gene structure and function, variation, and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism (e.g. dominance), and within the context of a population. Genetics has given rise to a number of subfields, including molecular genetics, epigenetics and population genetics. Organisms studied within the broad field span the domains of life (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya).

Genetic processes work in combination with an organism's environment and experiences to influence development and behavior, often referred to as nature versus nurture. The intracellular or extracellular environment of a living cell or organism may increase or decrease gene transcription. A classic example is two seeds of genetically identical corn, one placed in a temperate climate and one in an arid climate (lacking sufficient waterfall or rain). While the average height of the two corn stalks may be genetically determined to be equal, the one in the arid climate only grows to half the height of the one in the temperate climate due to lack of water and nutrients in its environment.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about composer Arvo Pärt, tell me where and when he studied composition and with which teacher.
Context: Pärt's musical education began at the age of seven when he began attending music school in Rakvere. By his early teenage years, Pärt was writing his own compositions. His first serious study came in 1954 at the Tallinn Music Middle School, but less than a year later he temporarily abandoned it to fulfill military service, playing oboe and percussion in the army band.[3] After his military service he attended the Tallinn Conservatory, where he studied composition with Heino Eller[4] and it was said of him, "he just seemed to shake his sleeves and the notes would fall out".[5] During the 1950s, he also completed his first vocal composition, the cantata Meie aed ('Our Garden') for children's choir and orchestra. He graduated in 1963.
Response: Arvo Pärt studied composition at the Tallinn Conservatory during the 1950s. His composition teacher was Heino Eller.
Instruction: Please extract the characteristics of a desert from this passage and list in bullet format.
Context: A desert is a region of land that is very dry because it receives low amounts of precipitation (usually in the form of rain, but it may be snow, mist or fog), often has little coverage by plants, and in which streams dry up unless they are supplied by water from outside the area.[9] Deserts generally receive less than 250 mm (10 in) of precipitation each year.[9] The potential evapotranspiration may be large but (in the absence of available water) the actual evapotranspiration may be close to zero.[10] Semi-deserts are regions which receive between 250 and 500 mm (10 and 20 in) and when clad in grass, these are known as steppes.[11][6]
Response: -Very dry 
-Little coverage by plants
Instruction: From the text below about the history of peanut butter, where can the first reference be traced from?
Context: The earliest references to peanut butter can be traced to Aztec and Inca civilizations, who ground roasted peanuts into a paste.[clarification needed][2] However, several people can be credited with the invention of modern peanut butter and the processes involved in making it.[according to whom?]

The US National Peanut Board credits three modern inventors with the earliest patents related to the production of modern peanut butter.[3] Marcellus Gilmore Edson of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, obtained the first patent for a method of producing peanut butter from roasted peanuts using heated surfaces in 1884.[4] Edson's cooled product had "a consistency like that of butter, lard, or ointment" according to his patent application which described a process of milling roasted peanuts until the peanuts reached "a fluid or semi-fluid state". He mixed sugar into the paste to harden its consistency.[citation needed]
Response: The earliest reference to peanut butter can be traced to Aztec and Inca civilizations.
Instruction: Given the reference text, what is log rotation in information technology?
Context: log rotation is an automated process used in system administration in which log files are compressed, moved (archived), renamed or deleted once they are too old or too big
Response: In information technology, log rotation is an automated process used in system administration in which log files are compressed, moved (archived), renamed or deleted once they are too old or too big (there can be other metrics that can apply here). New incoming log data is directed into a new fresh file (at the same location).[1]
Instruction: Who is Paul McIver
Context: Paul McIver (born 26 March 1986) is a New Zealand actor and musician. His first film appearance was in the television series The Ray Bradbury Theater. He has appeared in the Hercules: The Legendary Journeys films and the television show as Hercules' son.
Response: Paul McIver (born 26 March 1986) is a New Zealand actor and musician. His first film appearance was in the television series The Ray Bradbury Theater. He has appeared in the Hercules: The Legendary Journeys films and the television show as Hercules' son.
Instruction: Who was the first actor to play the Joker on the Batman television series?
Context: César Julio Romero Jr. (February 15, 1907 – January 1, 1994) was an American actor and activist. He was active in film, radio, and television for almost sixty years.

His wide range of screen roles included Latin lovers, historical figures in costume dramas, characters in light domestic comedies, and the Joker on the Batman television series, which was included in TV Guide's 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time.[2] He was the first actor to play the character.
Response: César Julio Romero Jr. played was the first actor to play the Joker.
Instruction: When did Arsenal first reach the first division? How many league titles did they win between 1989 and 2005 and how many FA cups? How many trophies in total for that period?
Context: Arsenal was the first club from the South of England to join the Football League in 1893, and they reached the First Division in 1904. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division,[2] and have won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history.[3] In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1989 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position.[4] Between 1998 and 2017, Arsenal qualified for the UEFA Champions League for nineteen consecutive seasons.
Response: Arsenal reached the first division in 1904. Between 1989 and 2005, Arsenal won 5 league titles and 5 FA cups. That’s a total of 10 trophies.
Instruction: What type of terrain is a gravel bike used for?
Context: A gravel bicycle is a type of bicycle intended for gravel cycling, including gravel racing.[1] They are also sometimes known as "adventure bicycles", particularly ones intended for harsher off-road terrain.

While bicycles have been used for riding on such roads since bicycles were invented, the "modern" gravel bicycle, as a category, evolved in the 2000s, adopting technology from road bicycles, cyclocross bicycles and mountain bikes. They also share many characteristics of touring bicycles, such as relaxed geometry, wide tires and wide-range gearing.
Response: Gravel bikes are a do-it-all kind of bike. They are effective on a wide array of terrain, ranging from smooth roads to singletrack trails, but thrive on harsher off-road terrain.