MiniLLM/dolly huggingface dataset:
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Berwick, what was its population during the most up to date census?
Context: Berwick is a borough in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania and is located 28 miles (45 km) southwest of Wilkes-Barre. As of the 2020 census, Berwick had a population of 10,355.[4] It is one of the two principal communities of the Bloomsburg–Berwick metropolitan area, which covers Columbia and Montour counties,[5] and had a combined population of 85,562 at the 2010 census.[6]
Response: 10,355
Instruction: What is Penguin Books?
Context: Penguin Books is a British publishing house. It was co-founded in 1935 by Allen Lane with his brothers Richard and John,[3] as a line of the publishers The Bodley Head, only becoming a separate company the following year.[4] Penguin revolutionised publishing in the 1930s through its inexpensive paperbacks, sold through Woolworths and other stores for sixpence, bringing high-quality fiction and non-fiction to the mass market.[5] Its success showed that large audiences existed for serious books. It also affected modern British popular culture significantly through its books concerning politics, the arts, and science.[6]
Response: Penguin Books is a publishing house of inexpensive fiction and non-fiction paperbacks. It was founded by the Lane brothers in 1935 as a line of the publishers The Bodley Head. It became a separate publisher in 1936.
Instruction: Given the following paragraph, what university has evidence of teaching as early as 1096?
Context: The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096,[2] making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation.[2][9][10] It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.[2] After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge.[11] The two English ancient universities share many common features and are jointly referred to as Oxbridge.
Response: The University of Oxford
Instruction: Why do eucalyptus trees have such an excellent aroma?  Is there any other uses for Eucalyptus?
Context: Some Eucalyptus species have attracted attention from horticulturists, global development researchers, and environmentalists because of desirable traits such as being fast-growing sources of wood, producing oil that can be used for cleaning and as a natural insecticide, or an ability to be used to drain swamps and thereby reduce the risk of malaria. Eucalyptus oil finds many uses like in fuels, fragrances, insect repellence and antimicrobial activity. Eucalyptus trees show allelopathic effects; they release compounds which inhibit other plant species from growing nearby. Outside their natural ranges, eucalypts are both lauded for their beneficial economic impact on poor populations[50][49]: 22  and criticised for being "water-guzzling" aliens,[51] leading to controversy over their total impact.[34]
Response: The oil from Eucalyptus trees provides several benefits with the most prevalent being the pleasant aroma.  As a tree that grows fast and has been used strategically to reduce the risk of malaria by draining swamps a little Eucalyptus goes a long way.  The oil produced by these trees are also useful in an antimicrobial activity and in some cases has been known to make the trees more flammable.  Outside of their native Australia they have been viewed as an invasive species.
Instruction: Extract the population for Paris mentioned in the paragraph
Context: Paris (English: /ˈpærɪs/; French pronunciation: ​[paʁi] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of France, with an official estimated population of 2,102,650 residents as of 1 January 2023[2] in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi),[5] making it the fourth-most populated city in the European Union as well as the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022.[6] Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its early and extensive system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light".[7] Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world.
Response: The official estimated population of Paris is 2,102,650 residents
Instruction: Given this paragraph about computers, what is the first RISC system?
Context: Michael J. Flynn views the first RISC system as the IBM 801 design,[2] begun in 1975 by John Cocke and completed in 1980. The 801 developed out of an effort to build a 24-bit high-speed processor to use as the basis for a digital telephone switch. To reach their goal of switching 1 million calls per hour (300 per second) they calculated that the CPU required performance on the order of 12 million instructions per second (MIPS),[8] compared to their fastest mainframe machine of the time, the 370/168, which performed at 3.5 MIPS.[9]
Response: The first RISC system was the IBM 801, started in 1975 and completed in 1980.
Instruction: Who is the main character of Naruto?
Context: Naruto[a] is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masashi Kishimoto. It tells the story of Naruto Uzumaki, a young ninja who seeks recognition from his peers and dreams of becoming the Hokage, the leader of his village. The story is told in two parts—the first set in Naruto's pre-teen years, and the second in his teens. The series is based on two one-shot manga by Kishimoto: Karakuri (1995), which earned Kishimoto an honorable mention in Shueisha's monthly Hop Step Award the following year, and Naruto (1997).
Response: The main character of Naruto is Naruto Uzumaki, a shinobi of the Hidden Leaf Village. His dream in life is to become the Hokage, the strongest ninja in his village. However, he never achieves this, and dies in his battle again Pain, the leader of the Akatsuki, after attempting to avenge his mentor's death. He is then revived by Obito Uchiha using the rinnegan's powers, which can trade the user's life for another's. Naruto then returns to Pain and uses his infamous talk-no-jutsu to convince Pain to stop being evil, which succeeds.
Instruction: Where did the 1951 French legislative election take place
Context: Elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Somaliland on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections.[1] Edmond Magendie was elected as the territory's MP, defeating the incumbent Jean-Carles Martine.[1]
Response: The elections to the French National Assembly were held in French Somaliland on 17 June 1951 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections. Edmond Magendie was elected as the territory's MP, defeating the incumbent Jean-Carles Martine.
Instruction: The reduction in wild grain populations lead to what type of crop being cultivated?
Context: Around 4000 BCE, the Saharan climate started to become drier at an exceedingly fast pace.[65] This climate change caused lakes and rivers to shrink significantly and caused increasing desertification. This, in turn, decreased the amount of land conducive to settlements and encouraged migrations of farming communities to the more tropical climate of West Africa.[65] During the first millennium BCE, a reduction in wild grain populations related to changing climate conditions facilitated the expansion of farming communities and the rapid adoption of rice cultivation around the Niger River.
Response: The reduction in wild grain populations lead to the rapid adoption of rice cultivation around the Niger River.
Instruction: List the television programs that Don Carlos Dunaway has worked on in alphabetical order.
Context: Don Carlos Dunaway (fl. 1974–1993) is an American screenwriter known for his work on television programs of the 1970s. He wrote episodes for Baretta, The Rockford Files,[1] and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.[2] In 1978 he co-created the TV series Kaz with Ron Leibman. In 1985 he directed an episode of The Twilight Zone. He lives in France with his wife who is a painter and with his cat Lou Lou. He has one son, one daughter, and six grandchildren. One of them is a young rapper named Pietro Dunaway, known as Er Danno[citation needed]
Response: In alphabetical order, here is a list of the television programs that the screenwriter Don Carlos Dunaway wrote episodes for: Baretta, Kaz, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, The Rockford Files and The Twilight Zone.
Instruction: What is an onigiri made of?
Context: Onigiri (お握り or 御握り), also known as omusubi (お結び), nigirimeshi (握り飯), or rice ball, is a Japanese food made from white rice formed into triangular or cylindrical shapes and often wrapped in nori.[a] Traditionally, an onigiri is filled with pickled ume (umeboshi), salted salmon, katsuobushi, kombu, tarako, mentaiko, takanazuke (pickled takana, Japanese giant red mustard greens) or any other salty or sour ingredient as a natural preservative. Most Japanese convenience stores stock their onigiri with various fillings and flavors. There are even specialized shops which only sell onigiri to take out. Due to the popularity of this trend in Japan, onigiri has become a popular staple in Japanese restaurants worldwide.
Response: Onigiri is a Japanese food made from white rice formed into triangular or cylindrical shapes and often wrapped in nori (seaweed). Traditionally, an onigiri is filled with pickled ume (umeboshi), salted salmon, katsuobushi, kombu, tarako, mentaiko, takanazuke (pickled takana, Japanese giant red mustard greens) or any other salty or sour ingredient as a natural preservative.
Instruction: Based on this paragraph, what was the name of Jesse LaFollette's mother?
Context: LaFollette was born near Morristown, New Jersey in 1781. His father, Joseph, and grandfather, Jean, were Huguenots who had escaped the persecution in France, traveling first to Jersey and then to the colonies where they operated a small farm near the Wallkill River in northern New Jersey. Jean was killed during the French and Indian Wars. Joseph married Phoebe Gobel of Morristown, New Jersey, whose father's farm along with other neighboring farms in Jockey Hollow was used by George Washington and his troops during the winter of 1780. After serving with Count Casimir Pulaski during the Revolutionary War,[3] Joseph and his family joined the pioneers who trekked westward through the Cumberland Gap.[1]
Response: Jesse LaFollette's mother was Phoebe Gobel, who was married to his father Joseph.
Instruction: Measured in feet, what was the length of the gun barrel produced by Philip Webley & Son of Birmingham discussed in the above passage?
Context: The British Bull Dog was a popular type of solid-frame pocket revolver introduced by Philip Webley & Son of Birmingham, England, in 1872, and subsequently copied by gunmakers in continental Europe and the United States.[1] It featured a 2.5-inch (64 mm) barrel and was chambered for .442 Webley or .450 Adams cartridges, with a five-round cylinder. Webley produced smaller scaled .320 Revolver and .380 calibre versions later, but did not mark them with the British Bull Dog name.
Response: 0.208 feet
Instruction: What is a "love hotel"?
Context: A love hotel is a type of short-stay hotel found around the world operated primarily for the purpose of allowing guests privacy for sexual activities. The name originates from "Hotel Love" in Osaka, which was built in 1968 and had a rotating sign.[1] Although love hotels exist all over the world, the term "love hotel" is often used to refer specifically to those located within Japan.
Response: A love hotel is a type of short-stay hotel found around the world operated primarily for the purpose of allowing guests privacy for sexual activities.
Instruction: 2022 UEFA European Under 19 Championship qualification
Context: The 2022 UEFA European Under-19 Championship qualifying competition was a men's under-19 football competition that determined the seven teams joining the automatically qualified hosts Slovakia in the 2022 UEFA European Under-19 Championship final tournament.[1] Players born on or after 1 January 2003 were eligible to participate.

Originally, the qualifying competition would use a new format with teams split into three different leagues with promotion and relegation, with the draw of the first round under the new format already held in December 2019. However, on 17 June 2020, UEFA announced that the introduction of the new format had been postponed to the next edition due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and qualification for this edition would use the previous format involving two rounds only.[2]

Apart from Slovakia, 53 of the remaining 54 UEFA member national teams entered the qualifying competition, where the original format consisted of a qualifying round that took place in autumn 2021, and an elite round that took place in spring 2022.[3]
Response: The 2022 UEFA European Under-19 Championship qualifying competition was a men's under-19 football competition that determined the seven teams joining the automatically qualified hosts Slovakia in the 2022 UEFA European Under-19 Championship final tournament. Players born on or after 1 January 2003 were eligible to participate.

Originally, the qualifying competition would use a new format with teams split into three different leagues with promotion and relegation, with the draw of the first round under the new format already held in December 2019. However, on 17 June 2020, UEFA announced that the introduction of the new format had been postponed to the next edition due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and qualification for this edition would use the previous format involving two rounds only.

Apart from Slovakia, 53 of the remaining 54 UEFA member national teams entered the qualifying competition, where the original format consisted of a qualifying round that took place in autumn 2021, and an elite round that took place in spring 2022.
Instruction: According to this paragraph, when was the university of virginia founded?
Context: The University of Virginia (UVA) is a public research university in Charlottesville, Virginia. It was founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson. Set within the Academical Village, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the university is referred to as a "Public Ivy" for offering an academic experience similar to that of an Ivy League university. It is known in part for certain rare characteristics among public universities such as its historic foundations, student-run honor code, and secret societies.[10][11][12]
Response: The University of Virginia was founded in 1819.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about the original church in Guston in 1892, what were the two ways that were used to announce the beginning of services?
Context: English congregationalist preacher Rev. William Davis found some success evangelizing the miners and their families after establishing a church in Guston in 1892, the only one in the Red Mountain Mining District. The church had not only a bell but also a steam whistle to announce when services were commencing. Davis had earlier tried unsuccessfully to establish a church in Red Mountain Town. The day after the Guston church opened, the commercial district of Red Mountain Town was destroyed in a fire, with some local residents suggesting it was the result of "divine intervention".[9] Between 1941 and 1945, the by-then abandoned Guston church had begun to tilt heavily, eventually collapsing.
Response: The church used both a bell and a steam whistle to announce the start of services.
Instruction: Based on this article, what is a potential weakness of traditional military camouflage?
Context: Multi-spectral camouflage is the use of counter-surveillance techniques to conceal objects from detection across several parts of the electromagnetic spectrum at the same time. While traditional military camouflage attempts to hide an object in the visible spectrum, multi-spectral camouflage also tries to simultaneously hide objects from detection methods such as infrared, radar, and millimetre-wave radar imaging.[1][2]
Response: Traditional military camouflage only protects against tools which use the visual spectrum to detect objects, and so if a tool is based on infrared or radar the traditional camouflage doesn't offer any protection.
Instruction: Where is the post office of Shawboro located?
Context: Shawboro is an unincorporated community located in Currituck County, North Carolina, United States.

The area takes its name from Henry Marchmore Shaw.

The post office is located close to the intersection of Shawboro Road (NC 34) and North Indian Town Road (SR 1147). The ZIP Code is 27973. The Shawboro area is covered by three different telephone exchanges: Elizabeth City, Moyock, and Shiloh.

Shawboro is served by Crawford Township fire and rescue services as well as Shawboro Elementary School, a K–5 school with approximately 500 students.[1]

Culong, the Shaw House, and Twin Houses are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[2]
Response: The post office of Shawboro, North Carolina is located close to the intersection of NC 34 Shawboro road and North Indian Town Road (SR 1147).
Instruction: What does the term "tulip mania" mean?
Context: Tulip mania (Dutch: tulpenmanie) was a period during the Dutch Golden Age when contract prices for some bulbs of the recently introduced and fashionable tulip reached extraordinarily high levels. The major acceleration started in 1634 and then dramatically collapsed in February 1637.[2] It is generally considered to have been the first recorded speculative bubble or asset bubble in history.[3] In many ways, the tulip mania was more of a then-unknown socio-economic phenomenon than a significant economic crisis. It had no critical influence on the prosperity of the Dutch Republic, which was one of the world's leading economic and financial powers in the 17th century, with the highest per capita income in the world from about 1600 to about 1720.[4][5] The term "tulip mania" is now often used metaphorically to refer to any large economic bubble when asset prices deviate from intrinsic values.[6][7]
Response: The term "tulip mania" is now often used metaphorically to refer to any large economic bubble when asset prices deviate from intrinsic values.
Instruction: What is black tie dress code?
Context: Black tie is a semi-formal Western dress code for evening events, originating in British and American conventions for attire in the 19th century. In British English, the dress code is often referred to synecdochically by its principal element for men, the dinner suit or dinner jacket. In American English, the equivalent term tuxedo (or tux) is common. The dinner suit is a black, midnight blue or white two- or three-piece suit, distinguished by satin or grosgrain jacket lapels and similar stripes along the outseam of the trousers. It is worn with a white dress shirt with standing or turndown collar and link cuffs, a black bow tie, typically an evening waistcoat or a cummerbund, and black patent leather dress shoes or court pumps.[1] Accessories may include a semi-formal homburg, bowler, or boater hat. For women, an evening gown or other fashionable evening attire may be worn.
Response: Black tie is a dress code for events, typically weddings and other formal ceremonies. The dress code roughly translates to a tuxedo or dinner suit for men and an evening gown for women.
Instruction: When was the Philippine House Committee elevated into a standing committee
Context: The Philippine House Committee on Sustainable Development Goals, or House Sustainable Development Goals Committee is a standing committee of the Philippine House of Representatives.

Originally designated as a special committee, it was elevated into a standing committee on March 10, 2020.[1]
Response: The Philippine House Committee on Sustainable Development Goals, or House Sustainable Development Goals Committee is a standing committee of the Philippine House of Representatives.

Originally designated as a special committee, it was elevated into a standing committee on March 10, 2020.
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the month and year when Cassandra was released on Google code
Context: Avinash Lakshman, one of the authors of Amazon's Dynamo, and Prashant Malik initially developed Cassandra at Facebook to power the Facebook inbox search feature. Facebook released Cassandra as an open-source project on Google code in July 2008.[4] In March 2009, it became an Apache Incubator project.[5] On February 17, 2010, it graduated to a top-level project.[6]

Facebook developers named their database after the Trojan mythological prophet Cassandra, with classical allusions to a curse on an oracle.[7]
Response: Facebook released Cassandra as an open-source project on Google code in July 2008.
Instruction: Give me the most popular characters in DC Comics from this paragraph without summarizing.
Context: DC Comics is one of the largest and oldest American comic book companies, with their first comic under the DC banner being published in 1937.[8] The majority of its publications take place within the fictional DC Universe and feature numerous culturally iconic heroic characters, such as Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Aquaman, Green Lantern, and Cyborg; as well as famous fictional teams including the Justice League, the Justice Society of America, the Justice League Dark, the Doom Patrol, and the Teen Titans. The universe also features an assortment of well-known supervillains such as Lex Luthor, the Joker, the Cheetah, the Reverse-Flash, Black Manta, Sinestro, and Darkseid. The company has published non-DC Universe-related material, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta, Fables and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo and now DC Black Label.
Response: Some of the most popular characters in DC Comics include Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, the Flash, Aquaman, and Green Lantern. These characters are often portrayed by themselves as well as affiliated in superhero teams, such as the Justice League and the Teen Titans.
Instruction: Based on this paragraph, what industry did Gardiner Hall create a business in and how was it impacted by the Civil War?
Context: South Willington's industrial history began in 1840, when Origen Hall and two partners founded the Willington Thread Company. Hall and his brother Gardner founded a second company in 1848 for the production of cotton wadding and batting. After several failed business ventures, Gardiner Hall founded the Hall Thread Company in 1860, building what is now the oldest surviving industrial building in the village. This venture also failed due to a lack of cotton occasioned by the American Civil War, but Hall restarted the business in 1867. This business flourished, operating at the site until 1954. The Halls practiced a paternalistic form of management and care of the mill workers, building a school and church, as well as housing for their workers. The company's success was instrumental in the village's growth during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[2]
Response: Gardiner Hall was in the textile business and ran the Hall Thread Company. His business was impacted by the Civil War due to a cotton shortage, but he restarted the business following the Civil War.
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract when Bloomberg L.P. was founded
Context: Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It was co-founded by Michael Bloomberg in 1981, with Thomas Secunda, Duncan MacMillan, Charles Zegar,[7] and a 12% ownership investment by Bank of America through their brokerage subsidiary Merrill Lynch.[8]
Response: Bloomberg L.P. was founded in 1981
Instruction: What is the largest city in the United Kingdom?
Context: London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million.[1] It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a 50-mile (80 km) estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia.[9] The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as Londinium and retains its medieval boundaries.[note 1][10] The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century,[11] the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire,[12] which since 1965 has largely comprised Greater London,[13] which is governed by 33 local authorities and the Greater London Authority.[note 2][14]
Response: London is the largest and capital city of the United Kingdom.
Instruction: Who is David Oliver Siegmund
Context: David Oliver Siegmund (born November 15, 1941)[1] is an American statistician who has worked extensively on sequential analysis.[2]

Biography
Siegmund grew up in Webster Groves, Missouri. He received his baccalaureate degree, in mathematics, from Southern Methodist University in 1963, and a doctorate in statistics from Columbia University in 1966. His Ph.D. advisor was Herbert Robbins. After being an assistant and then a full professor at Columbia, he went to Stanford University in 1976, where he is currently a professor of statistics. He has served twice as the chair of Stanford's statistics department.[2][3] He has also held visiting positions at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the University of Zurich, the University of Oxford, and the University of Cambridge.[2]
Response: David Oliver Siegmund (born November 15, 1941) is an American statistician who has worked extensively on sequential analysis.

Siegmund grew up in Webster Groves, Missouri. He received his baccalaureate degree, in mathematics, from Southern Methodist University in 1963, and a doctorate in statistics from Columbia University in 1966. His Ph.D. advisor was Herbert Robbins. After being an assistant and then a full professor at Columbia, he went to Stanford University in 1976, where he is currently a professor of statistics. 

He has served twice as the chair of Stanford's statistics department. He has also held visiting positions at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the University of Zurich, the University of Oxford, and the University of Cambridge.
Instruction: Write down some important aspects regarding civil war from the given text
Context: A civil war or intrastate war[a] is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies. The term is a calque of Latin bellum civile which was used to refer to the various civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC.
Response: 1. An intrastate or civil war is a conflict between organised parties fighting within a single state. (or country).
2. One side may want to overthrow the government, seize control of an area, secure the independence of a region, or alter public policy.
3. The phrase is a calque of the Latin phrase bellum civile, which was used to describe the numerous civil wars that raged throughout the Roman Republic in the first century BC.
Instruction: What example of a cancer could cause blood in the urine?
Context: Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a group of cancers that starts in the kidney.[4] Symptoms may include blood in the urine, lump in the abdomen, or back pain.[1][2][3] Fever, weight loss, and tiredness may also occur.[1][2][3] Complications can include spread to the lungs or brain.
Response: Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a group of cancers that starts in the kidney.[4] Symptoms may include blood in the urine, lump in the abdomen, or back pain.[1][2][3] Fever, weight loss, and tiredness may also occur.[1][2][3] Complications can include spread to the lungs or brain.[6]

The main types of kidney cancer are renal cell cancer (RCC), transitional cell cancer (TCC), and Wilms' tumor.[7] RCC makes up approximately 80% of kidney cancers, and TCC accounts for most of the rest.[8] Risk factors for RCC and TCC include smoking, certain pain medications, previous bladder cancer, being overweight, high blood pressure, certain chemicals, and a family history.[1][2] Risk factors for Wilms' tumor include a family history and certain genetic disorders such as WAGR syndrome.[3] Diagnosis may be suspected based on symptoms, urine testing, and medical imaging.[1][2][3] It is confirmed by tissue biopsy.[1][2][3]

Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy.[1][2][3] Kidney cancer newly affected about 403,300 people and resulted in 175,000 deaths globally in 2018.[5] Onset is usually after the age of 45.[4] Males are affected more often than females.[4] The overall five-year survival rate is 75% in the United States, 71% in Canada, 70% in China, and 60% in Europe.[4][9][10][11] For cancers that are confined to the kidney, the five-year survival rate is 93%, if it has spread to the surrounding lymph nodes it is 70%, and if it has spread widely, it is 12%.[4] Kidney cancer has been identified as the 13th most common form of cancer,[12] and is responsible for 2% of the world's cancer cases and deaths.[13] The incidence of kidney cancer has continued to increase since 1930. Renal cancer is more commonly found in populations of urban areas than rural areas.
Instruction: How do electric cars work?
Response: An electric car, battery electric car, or all-electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using only energy stored in batteries. Compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric cars are quieter, have no exhaust emissions, and lower emissions overall.[1] In the United States and the European Union, as of 2020, the total cost of ownership of recent electric vehicles is cheaper than that of equivalent ICE cars, due to lower fueling and maintenance costs.[2][3] Charging an electric car can be done at a variety of charging stations; these charging stations can be installed in both houses and public areas.
Instruction: If it's called "free" climbing, why do climbers use gear to climb?
Context: Free climbing has been called "rock climbing's most commonly mistaken term", with problems including:[10]

Incorrectly assuming that "free climbing" always means solo climbing, i.e. that you must always be alone and without any partner. Free climbing in traditional climbing and sport climbing uses a supporting belayer.[10]
Incorrectly assuming that "free climbing" always means free soloing, i.e. that you must never use any climbing protection equipment. Free climbing in traditional climbing and sport climbing uses climbing protection (but not to aid progression).[10]
Incorrectly assuming that "free climbing" always means onsighting or flashing, i.e. that you must always climb the route first try. Free climbing in traditional climbing and sport climbing also uses the redpoint as a definition of a first free ascent.[10]
Response: Free climbing refers to a form of rock climbing in which the climber ascends without the use of gear to aid progression. It is a common misunderstanding that free climbing means climbing with no protective gear. Both sport and traditional climbing make use of protective gear to prevent injury and death, and are both considered free climbing. This is in contrast to free solo climbing, another form of free climbing in which the climber uses no protective gear.
Instruction: Where is Przystań?
Context: Przystań [ˈpʂɨstaɲ] (German: Pristanien, from 1938-45 Passdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Węgorzewo, within Węgorzewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.[1] It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Węgorzewo and 89 km (55 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The village has a population of 80.
Response: Przystań is a small village in Poland close to the Russia border. It has a population of 80
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract list of language drivers for Cassandra. Separate them with a comma.
Context: Cassandra introduced the Cassandra Query Language (CQL). CQL is a simple interface for accessing Cassandra, as an alternative to the traditional Structured Query Language (SQL). CQL adds an abstraction layer that hides implementation details of this structure and provides native syntaxes for collections and other common encodings. Language drivers are available for Java (JDBC), Python (DBAPI2), Node.JS (Datastax), Go (gocql) and C++.[21]

The keyspace in Cassandra is a namespace that defines data replication across nodes. Therefore, replication is defined at the keyspace level. Below an example of keyspace creation, including a column family in CQL 3.0:[22]
Response: Java (JDBC), Python (DBAPI2), Node.JS (Datastax), Go (gocql), C++
Instruction: What is Ancient Girl's Frame
Context: Ancient Girl's Frame (Japanese: 闘神機ジーズフレーム, Hepburn: Tōshinki Jīzu Furēmu) is a Japanese-Chinese original net animation series which aired in Chinese on streaming platforms from October 11 to December 27, 2021, and on Japanese television on Tokyo MX the following day.[1] The series is licensed in North America by Funimation.[2]
Response: Ancient Girl's Frame (Japanese: 闘神機ジーズフレーム, Hepburn: Tōshinki Jīzu Furēmu) is a Japanese-Chinese original net animation series which aired in Chinese on streaming platforms from October 11 to December 27, 2021, and on Japanese television on Tokyo MX the following day.[1] The series is licensed in North America by Funimation.
Instruction: What is the economy size of Tamil Nadu?
Context: As the most urbanised state of India, Tamil Nadu boasts an economy with gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹24.85 lakh crore (US$310 billion), marking the second-largest economy amongst the 28 states of India. It has the country's 9th-highest GSDP per capita of ₹225,106 (US$2,800),[7] and ranks 11th in human development index.[5] Tamil Nadu is also one of the most industrialised states, with the manufacturing sector accounting for more than one-third of the state's GDP.[8] Home to a number of ancient relics, historic buildings, religious pilgrimage spots, hill stations, forts, and three World Heritage Sites, Tamil Nadu's tourism industry is the largest among the Indian states. 15% of Tamil Nadu's forests are protected areas, hosting diverse wildlife. The Tamil film industry, nicknamed as Kollywood, plays an influential role in the state's popular culture.
Response: Tamil Nadu is one of the most industrialized and second-largest economy among all states in India with gross state domestic product (GSDP) of US$310 billion.
Instruction: Why does the James web Telescope rely so heavily on infrared?
Context: Very Early and distant objects visibility shifts to infrared.
Response: The design emphasizes the near to mid-infrared for several reasons:

high-redshift (very early and distant) objects have their visible emissions shifted into the infrared, and therefore their light can be observed today only via infrared astronomy;[13]
infrared light passes more easily through dust clouds than visible light;[13]
colder objects such as debris disks and planets emit most strongly in the infrared;
these infrared bands are difficult to study from the ground or by existing space telescopes such as Hubble.
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract which cinema industries are located in Mumbai
Context: Mumbai is the financial, commercial,[27] and the entertainment capital of India. It is also one of the world's top ten centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow,[28] generating 6.16% of India's GDP,[29] and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India (Mumbai Port Trust and JNPT),[30] and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy.[31][32] The city houses important financial institutions and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies and multinational corporations. It is also home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes. The city is also home to Bollywood and Marathi cinema industries. Mumbai's business opportunities attract migrants from all over India.
Response: Mumbai is home to Bollywood and Marathi cinema industries.
Instruction: Is Rosebud a battlefield
Context: Rosebud Battlefield State Park in Big Horn County, Montana preserves a large portion of the battlefield of the Battle of the Rosebud, fought on June 17, 1876. The battle is known by various other names such as The Battle Where the Girl Saved Her Brother by the Northern Cheyenne, and Crook's Fight on the Rosebud. A National Historic Landmark, the park is a day use facility offering hiking, hunting, picnicking and wildlife viewing. It is located 11 miles (18 km) south of Kirby, Montana on Montana Highway 314.[1][3]
Response: Rosebud Battlefield State Park in Big Horn County, Montana preserves a large portion of the battlefield of the Battle of the Rosebud, fought on June 17, 1876. The battle is known by various other names such as The Battle Where the Girl Saved Her Brother by the Northern Cheyenne, and Crook's Fight on the Rosebud. A National Historic Landmark, the park is a day use facility offering hiking, hunting, picnicking and wildlife viewing. It is located 11 miles (18 km) south of Kirby, Montana on Montana Highway 314.
Instruction: Given this reference test, what is the daily recommended amount of magnesium for women in the U.S.?
Context: In the UK, the recommended daily values for magnesium are 300 mg for men and 270 mg for women.[67] In the U.S. the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are 400 mg for men ages 19–30 and 420 mg for older; for women 310 mg for ages 19–30 and 320 mg for older.
Response: The daily recommended amount of magnesium for women in the U.S. is 310 mg for ages 19-30 and 320 mg for older.
Instruction: Extract the names of the singles from the text as a bulleted list.
Context: Atlantis Princess is the third Korean-language studio album by South Korean singer BoA, released on May 30, 2003 by SM Entertainment. Several singles were promoted off the album, including the promotional single "Lights of Seoul", "Atlantis Princess", and "Milky Way", with accompanying music videos produced for the latter two songs. The album was also released in some parts of Asia, such as the Philippines, Hong Kong and Taiwan, with the overseas version containing a bonus VCD.

Commercially, the album debuted at number one on the top 50 Korean monthly charts, with initial monthly sales of nearly 128,000 in from two days of shipments in May.[1] It was the 4th best-selling album of the year in South Korea with sales of over 345,000 copies.
Response: * Lights of Seoul
* Atlantis Princess
* Milky Way
Instruction: What percent of the population were Hungarian?
Context: In 1910, the village had 544, for the most part, Hungarian inhabitants. At the 2001 Census the recorded population of the village was 3804 while an end-2008 estimate by the Statistical Office had the village's population as 3794. As of 2001, 92.53% of its population were Hungarians while 6.07% were Slovaks. Roman Catholicism is the majority religion of the village, its adherents numbering 60.52% of the total population.[5]
Response: In 2001, 92.53% of its population were Hungarians.
Instruction: Give a comma separated list of all the people listed in this passage about Jesse LaFollette
Context: LaFollette was born near Morristown, New Jersey in 1781. His father, Joseph, and grandfather, Jean, were Huguenots who had escaped the persecution in France, traveling first to Jersey and then to the colonies where they operated a small farm near the Wallkill River in northern New Jersey. Jean was killed during the French and Indian Wars. Joseph married Phoebe Gobel of Morristown, New Jersey, whose father's farm along with other neighboring farms in Jockey Hollow was used by George Washington and his troops during the winter of 1780. After serving with Count Casimir Pulaski during the Revolutionary War,[3] Joseph and his family joined the pioneers who trekked westward through the Cumberland Gap.[1]
Response: Jesse LaFollette, Joseph LaFollette, Jean LaFollette, Phoebe Gobel, George Washington, Casimir Pulaski
Instruction: Extract how many meetings rooms and seats are available in the main hall from the passage provided
Context: It has a plenary hall that has 5,000 seats. JCC also has an assembly hall with an area of 3,921 square metres. JCC has 13 various sized meeting rooms. JCC is connected to The Sultan Hotel & Residence Jakarta (formerly Jakarta Hilton International) by a tunnel. The tunnel has moving walkways and is air-conditioned. [3]
Response: The JCC or Jakarta Convention Center has 13 various sized meetings rooms. It currently has a capacity of 5,000 seats in the main plenary hall
Instruction: Where is the Kilwa Tanga
Context: Kilwa is an administrative ward in Kilindi District of Tanga Region in Tanzania. The ward covers an area of 153 km2 (59 sq mi),[1] and has an average elevation of 858 m (2,815 ft).[2] According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 6,835.[3]
Response: Kilwa is an administrative ward in Kilindi District of Tanga Region in Tanzania. The ward covers an area of 153 km2 (59 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 858 m (2,815 ft).

According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 6,835.
Instruction: What is the Wessex Football League
Context: The 1996–97 Wessex Football League was the 11th season of the Wessex Football League. The league champions for the second time in their history were AFC Lymington, after remaining unbeaten for the whole season. There was no promotion to the Southern League, but Petersfield Town finished bottom and were relegated.[1]

For sponsorship reasons, the league was known as the Jewson Wessex League.[2]
Response: The 1996–97 Wessex Football League was the 11th season of the Wessex Football League. The league champions for the second time in their history were AFC Lymington, after remaining unbeaten for the whole season. There was no promotion to the Southern League, but Petersfield Town finished bottom and were relegated.
Instruction: What is the The Science Laureates of the United States Act of 2013
Context: The Science Laureates of the United States Act of 2013 (H.R. 1891) is a bill that would create the position of Science Laureate of the United States, meant to be similar to the United States Poet Laureate. The Science Laureate would spend their term traveling around the country promoting science and research to students and the general public.[1] The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.
Response: The Science Laureates of the United States Act of 2013 (H.R. 1891) is a bill that would create the position of Science Laureate of the United States, meant to be similar to the United States Poet Laureate. The Science Laureate would spend their term traveling around the country promoting science and research to students and the general public. The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.
Instruction: Extract the difference between Gross Disposable income from Disposable Income
Context: The list below represents a national accounts derived indicator for a country or territory's gross household disposable income per capita (including social transfers in kind). According to the OECD, 'household disposable income is income available to households such as wages and salaries, income from self-employment and unincorporated enterprises, income from pensions and other social benefits, and income from financial investments (less any payments of tax, social insurance contributions and interest on financial liabilities). 'Gross’ means that depreciation costs are not subtracted.'[1] This indicator also takes account of social transfers in kind 'such as health or education provided for free or at reduced prices by governments and not-for-profit organisations.'[1] The data shown below is published by the OECD and is presented in purchasing power parity (PPP) in order to adjust for price differences between countries.
Response: There is a unique difference between Gross Disposable Income and Household disposable income.  The first being that "gross" indicates the total about amount of income derived from all sources such as wages, investments, self-employment, pensions and social benefits before extracting depreciation costs.  Household disposable income includes all sources of income less social benefits, taxes, insurance, and liabilities such as rent, electricity and other ongoing financial commitments.  What is remaining is defined as household disposable income which is then indexed globally using PPP (purchasing power parity) in order to adjust for price differences in different countries.
Instruction: What are the key features of a Galleon
Context: Galleons were large, multi-decked sailing ships first used as armed cargo carriers by European states from the 16th to 18th centuries during the age of sail and were the principal vessels drafted for use as warships until the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the mid-1600s.[3] Galleons generally carried three or more masts with a lateen fore-and-aft rig on the rear masts, were carvel built with a prominent squared off raised stern, and used square-rigged sail plans on their fore-mast and main-masts.
Response: Galleons can be identified by the large size, multiple decks and tall masts with big sails. They typically has big raised sterns as well.
Instruction: Based on this paragraph, please list the symptoms of dementia separating them with bullets.
Context: Dementia is a disorder which manifests as a set of related symptoms, which usually surfaces when the brain is damaged by injury or disease.[2] The symptoms involve progressive impairments in memory, thinking, and behavior, which negatively affects a person's ability to function and carry out everyday activities. Aside from memory impairment and a disruption in thought patterns, the most common symptoms include emotional problems, difficulties with language, and decreased motivation. The symptoms may be described as occurring in a continuum over several stages.[10][a] Consciousness is not affected. Dementia ultimately has a significant effect on the individual, caregivers, and on social relationships in general.[2] A diagnosis of dementia requires the observation of a change from a person's usual mental functioning and a greater cognitive decline than what is caused by normal aging.[12]
Response: -Progressive impairments in memory, thinking and behavior
-Emotional problems
-Difficulties with language
-Decreased motivation
Instruction: Is there The Disabled Students Allowance in the UK
Context: The Disabled Students Allowance (DSA) is a Government grant in the United Kingdom (UK) available to students in Higher Education, originally established by the Department for Education and Skills (DfES).[1]
Response: The Disabled Students Allowance (DSA) is a Government grant in the United Kingdom (UK) available to students in Higher Education, originally established by the Department for Education and Skills (DfES).