Datasets:

McGill-NLP

/

TopiOCQA

like 4

[ "what is sherlock holmes baffled?", "A very short American silent film created in 1900", "when was it released?", "1900", "who did the title role in it?", "UNANSWERABLE", "was it based on any novel?", "No", "who produced it?", "American Mutoscope and Biograph Company" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:3894277", "title": "Sherlock Holmes Baffled [SEP] Rediscovery", "text": "The film was assumed to have been lost for many years until a paper copy was identified in 1968 in the Library of Congress Paper Print archive by Michael Pointer, a historian of Sherlock Holmes films. Because motion pictures were not covered by copyright laws until 1912, paper prints were submitted by studios wishing to register their works. These were made using light-sensitive paper of the same width and length as the film itself, and developed as though a still photograph. Both the Edison Company and the Biograph Company submitted entire motion pictures as paper prints, and it is in this form that most of them survive." }

[ "what is sherlock holmes baffled?", "A very short American silent film created in 1900", "when was it released?", "1900", "who did the title role in it?", "UNANSWERABLE", "was it based on any novel?", "No", "who produced it?", "American Mutoscope and Biograph Company", "when was it rediscovered?", "1968" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:3894277", "title": "Sherlock Holmes Baffled [SEP] Rediscovery", "text": "The film was assumed to have been lost for many years until a paper copy was identified in 1968 in the Library of Congress Paper Print archive by Michael Pointer, a historian of Sherlock Holmes films. Because motion pictures were not covered by copyright laws until 1912, paper prints were submitted by studios wishing to register their works. These were made using light-sensitive paper of the same width and length as the film itself, and developed as though a still photograph. Both the Edison Company and the Biograph Company submitted entire motion pictures as paper prints, and it is in this form that most of them survive." }

[ "what is sherlock holmes baffled?", "A very short American silent film created in 1900", "when was it released?", "1900", "who did the title role in it?", "UNANSWERABLE", "was it based on any novel?", "No", "who produced it?", "American Mutoscope and Biograph Company", "when was it rediscovered?", "1968", "from where?", "From the Library of Congress Paper Print archive" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:3894277", "title": "Sherlock Holmes Baffled [SEP] Rediscovery", "text": "The film was assumed to have been lost for many years until a paper copy was identified in 1968 in the Library of Congress Paper Print archive by Michael Pointer, a historian of Sherlock Holmes films. Because motion pictures were not covered by copyright laws until 1912, paper prints were submitted by studios wishing to register their works. These were made using light-sensitive paper of the same width and length as the film itself, and developed as though a still photograph. Both the Edison Company and the Biograph Company submitted entire motion pictures as paper prints, and it is in this form that most of them survive." }

[ "what is sherlock holmes baffled?", "A very short American silent film created in 1900", "when was it released?", "1900", "who did the title role in it?", "UNANSWERABLE", "was it based on any novel?", "No", "who produced it?", "American Mutoscope and Biograph Company", "when was it rediscovered?", "1968", "from where?", "From the Library of Congress Paper Print archive", "in what form?", "A paper copy" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:22141550", "title": "Library of Congress [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The Library of Congress (LC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the \"de facto\" national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States. The library is housed in three buildings on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C.; it also maintains the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center in Culpeper, Virginia. The library's functions are overseen by the librarian of Congress, and its buildings are maintained by the architect of the Capitol. The Library of Congress is one of the largest libraries in the world. Its \"collections are universal, not limited by subject, format, or national boundary, and include research materials from all parts of the world and in more than 450 languages.\" Congress moved to Washington, D.C., in 1800 after sitting for 11 years in the temporary national capitals in New York City and Philadelphia." }

[ "what is sherlock holmes baffled?", "A very short American silent film created in 1900", "when was it released?", "1900", "who did the title role in it?", "UNANSWERABLE", "was it based on any novel?", "No", "who produced it?", "American Mutoscope and Biograph Company", "when was it rediscovered?", "1968", "from where?", "From the Library of Congress Paper Print archive", "in what form?", "A paper copy", "where is it located?", "Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:22141554", "title": "Library of Congress [SEP] 1800–1851: Origin and Jefferson's contribution", "text": "James Madison is credited with the idea of creating a congressional library, first making such a proposition in 1783. The Library of Congress was subsequently established on April 24, 1800, when President John Adams signed an act of Congress providing for the transfer of the seat of government from Philadelphia to the new capital city of Washington. Part of the legislation appropriated $5,000 \"for the purchase of such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress ... and for fitting up a suitable apartment for containing them.\" Books were ordered from London, and the collection consisted of 740 books and three maps which were housed in the new United States Capitol." }

[]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:1766449", "title": "Rhine campaign of 1796 [SEP] Introduction", "text": "In the Rhine campaign of 1796 (June 1796 to February 1797), two First Coalition armies under the overall command of Archduke Charles outmaneuvered and defeated two French Republican armies. This was the last campaign of the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars. The French military strategy against Austria called for a three-pronged invasion to surround Vienna, ideally capturing the city and forcing the Holy Roman Emperor to surrender and accept French Revolutionary territorial integrity. The French assembled the Army of Sambre and Meuse commanded by Jean-Baptiste Jourdan against the Austrian Army of the Lower Rhine in the north." }

[ "what was the rhine campaign of 1796 about?", "This was the last campaign of the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:1766449", "title": "Rhine campaign of 1796 [SEP] Introduction", "text": "In the Rhine campaign of 1796 (June 1796 to February 1797), two First Coalition armies under the overall command of Archduke Charles outmaneuvered and defeated two French Republican armies. This was the last campaign of the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars. The French military strategy against Austria called for a three-pronged invasion to surround Vienna, ideally capturing the city and forcing the Holy Roman Emperor to surrender and accept French Revolutionary territorial integrity. The French assembled the Army of Sambre and Meuse commanded by Jean-Baptiste Jourdan against the Austrian Army of the Lower Rhine in the north." }

[ "what was the rhine campaign of 1796 about?", "This was the last campaign of the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which armies were involved in this?", "First Coalition armies and French Republican armies." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:13516991", "title": "War of the First Coalition [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The War of the First Coalition () is a set of wars that several European powers fought between 1792 and 1797 against initially the constitutional Kingdom of France and then the French Republic that succeeded it. They were only loosely allied and fought without much apparent coordination or agreement; each power had its eye on a different part of France it wanted to appropriate after a French defeat, which never occurred. Relations between the French revolutionaries with neighbouring monarchies had deteriorated following the Declaration of Pillnitz in August 1791. Eight months later, following a vote of the revolutionary-led Legislative Assembly, France declared war on Prussia and Austria on 20 April 1792." }

[ "what was the rhine campaign of 1796 about?", "This was the last campaign of the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which armies were involved in this?", "First Coalition armies and French Republican armies.", "what was the event that started the first war mentioned above?", "Relations between the French revolutionaries with neighbouring monarchies had deteriorated following the Declaration of Pillnitz" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:7402807", "title": "Declaration of Pillnitz [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The Declaration of Pilnite, more commonly referred to as the Declaration of Pillnitz, was a statement issued on 27 August 1791 at Pillnitz Castle near Dresden (Saxony) by Frederick William II of Prussia and the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II who was Marie Antoinette's brother. It declared the joint support of the Holy Roman Empire and of Prussia for King Louis XVI of France against the French Revolution." }

[ "what was the rhine campaign of 1796 about?", "This was the last campaign of the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which armies were involved in this?", "First Coalition armies and French Republican armies.", "what was the event that started the first war mentioned above?", "Relations between the French revolutionaries with neighbouring monarchies had deteriorated following the Declaration of Pillnitz", "what was this declaration about?", "It declared the joint support of the Holy Roman Empire and of Prussia for King Louis XVI of France against the French Revolution." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:7402813", "title": "Declaration of Pillnitz [SEP] Consequences", "text": "The National Assembly of France interpreted the declaration to mean that Leopold was going to declare war. Radical Frenchmen who called for war, such as Jacques Pierre Brissot, used it as a pretext to gain influence and declare war on 20 April 1792, leading to the campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars." }

[ "what was the rhine campaign of 1796 about?", "This was the last campaign of the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which armies were involved in this?", "First Coalition armies and French Republican armies.", "what was the event that started the first war mentioned above?", "Relations between the French revolutionaries with neighbouring monarchies had deteriorated following the Declaration of Pillnitz", "what was this declaration about?", "It declared the joint support of the Holy Roman Empire and of Prussia for King Louis XVI of France against the French Revolution.", "what was the direct result of it?", "Radical Frenchmen who called for war used it as a pretext to gain influence and declare war on 20 April 1792, leading to the campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:7687456", "title": "French Revolution [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The French Revolution ( ) began in May 1789 when the Ancien Régime was abolished in favour of a constitutional monarchy. Its replacement in September 1792 by the First French Republic led to the Execution of Louis XVI in January 1793, and an extended period of political turmoil. This culminated in the appointment of Napoleon as First Consul in November 1799, which is generally taken as its end point. Many of its principles are now considered fundamental aspects of modern Liberal democracy. The intellectual origins of the Revolution came from a global network of European and American 'patriots', who shared ideas and political principles, contacts accelerated by the American Revolution." }

[ "what was the rhine campaign of 1796 about?", "This was the last campaign of the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which armies were involved in this?", "First Coalition armies and French Republican armies.", "what was the event that started the first war mentioned above?", "Relations between the French revolutionaries with neighbouring monarchies had deteriorated following the Declaration of Pillnitz", "what was this declaration about?", "It declared the joint support of the Holy Roman Empire and of Prussia for King Louis XVI of France against the French Revolution.", "what was the direct result of it?", "Radical Frenchmen who called for war used it as a pretext to gain influence and declare war on 20 April 1792, leading to the campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which year did the afore-mentioned revolution take place?", "1789" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:7687456", "title": "French Revolution [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The French Revolution ( ) began in May 1789 when the Ancien Régime was abolished in favour of a constitutional monarchy. Its replacement in September 1792 by the First French Republic led to the Execution of Louis XVI in January 1793, and an extended period of political turmoil. This culminated in the appointment of Napoleon as First Consul in November 1799, which is generally taken as its end point. Many of its principles are now considered fundamental aspects of modern Liberal democracy. The intellectual origins of the Revolution came from a global network of European and American 'patriots', who shared ideas and political principles, contacts accelerated by the American Revolution." }

[ "what was the rhine campaign of 1796 about?", "This was the last campaign of the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which armies were involved in this?", "First Coalition armies and French Republican armies.", "what was the event that started the first war mentioned above?", "Relations between the French revolutionaries with neighbouring monarchies had deteriorated following the Declaration of Pillnitz", "what was this declaration about?", "It declared the joint support of the Holy Roman Empire and of Prussia for King Louis XVI of France against the French Revolution.", "what was the direct result of it?", "Radical Frenchmen who called for war used it as a pretext to gain influence and declare war on 20 April 1792, leading to the campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which year did the afore-mentioned revolution take place?", "1789", "who was revolting and against whom?", "UNANSWERABLE" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:7687533", "title": "French Revolution [SEP] Role of women", "text": "The movement was crushed. Devance explains the decision in terms of the emphasis on masculinity in a wartime situation, Marie Antoinette's bad reputation for feminine interference in state affairs, and traditional male supremacy. A decade later the Napoleonic Code confirmed and perpetuated women's second-class status. When the Revolution opened, groups of women acted forcefully, making use of the volatile political climate. Women forced their way into the political sphere. They swore oaths of loyalty, \"solemn declarations of patriotic allegiance, [and] affirmations of the political responsibilities of citizenship.\" De Corday d'Armont is a prime example of such a woman; engaged in the revolutionary political faction of the Girondins, she assassinated the Jacobin leader, Marat." }

[ "what was the rhine campaign of 1796 about?", "This was the last campaign of the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which armies were involved in this?", "First Coalition armies and French Republican armies.", "what was the event that started the first war mentioned above?", "Relations between the French revolutionaries with neighbouring monarchies had deteriorated following the Declaration of Pillnitz", "what was this declaration about?", "It declared the joint support of the Holy Roman Empire and of Prussia for King Louis XVI of France against the French Revolution.", "what was the direct result of it?", "Radical Frenchmen who called for war used it as a pretext to gain influence and declare war on 20 April 1792, leading to the campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which year did the afore-mentioned revolution take place?", "1789", "who was revolting and against whom?", "UNANSWERABLE", "any women who played a major role in it?", "De Corday d'Armont" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:19503018", "title": "Charlotte Corday [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Marie-Anne Charlotte de Corday d'Armont (27 July 1768 – 17 July 1793), known as Charlotte Corday (), was a figure of the French Revolution. In 1793, she was executed by guillotine for the assassination of Jacobin leader Jean-Paul Marat, who was in part responsible for the more radical course the Revolution had taken through his role as a politician and journalist. Marat had played a substantial role in the political purge of the Girondins, with whom Corday sympathized. His murder was depicted in the painting \"The Death of Marat\" by Jacques-Louis David, which shows Marat's dead body after Corday had stabbed him in his medicinal bath." }

[ "what was the rhine campaign of 1796 about?", "This was the last campaign of the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which armies were involved in this?", "First Coalition armies and French Republican armies.", "what was the event that started the first war mentioned above?", "Relations between the French revolutionaries with neighbouring monarchies had deteriorated following the Declaration of Pillnitz", "what was this declaration about?", "It declared the joint support of the Holy Roman Empire and of Prussia for King Louis XVI of France against the French Revolution.", "what was the direct result of it?", "Radical Frenchmen who called for war used it as a pretext to gain influence and declare war on 20 April 1792, leading to the campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which year did the afore-mentioned revolution take place?", "1789", "who was revolting and against whom?", "UNANSWERABLE", "any women who played a major role in it?", "De Corday d'Armont", "who was she?", "She was a figure of the French Revolution." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:19503022", "title": "Charlotte Corday [SEP] Political influence", "text": "After the revolution radicalized further and headed towards terror, Charlotte Corday began to sympathize with the Girondins. She admired their speeches and grew fond of many of the Girondist groups whom she met while living in Caen. She respected the political principles of the Girondins and came to align herself with their thinking. She regarded them as a movement that would ultimately save France. The Girondins represented a more moderate approach to the revolution and they, like Corday, were skeptical about the direction the revolution was taking. They opposed the Montagnards, who advocated a more radical approach to the revolution, which included the extreme idea that the only way the revolution would survive invasion and civil war was through terrorizing and executing those opposed to it." }

[ "what was the rhine campaign of 1796 about?", "This was the last campaign of the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which armies were involved in this?", "First Coalition armies and French Republican armies.", "what was the event that started the first war mentioned above?", "Relations between the French revolutionaries with neighbouring monarchies had deteriorated following the Declaration of Pillnitz", "what was this declaration about?", "It declared the joint support of the Holy Roman Empire and of Prussia for King Louis XVI of France against the French Revolution.", "what was the direct result of it?", "Radical Frenchmen who called for war used it as a pretext to gain influence and declare war on 20 April 1792, leading to the campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which year did the afore-mentioned revolution take place?", "1789", "who was revolting and against whom?", "UNANSWERABLE", "any women who played a major role in it?", "De Corday d'Armont", "who was she?", "She was a figure of the French Revolution.", "what was her biggest contribution to the revolution?", "She murdered Jean-Paul Marat." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:19503029", "title": "Charlotte Corday [SEP] Trial", "text": "Charlotte Corday sent the following farewell letter to her father which was intercepted and read during the trial, the letter helping to establish that Marat's murder was premeditated: Corday underwent three separate cross-examinations by senior revolutionary judicial officials, including the President of the Revolutionary Tribunal and the chief prosecutor. She stressed that she was a republican and had been so even before the Revolution, citing the values of ancient Rome as an ideal model. The focus of the questioning was to establish whether she had been part of a wider Girondist conspiracy. Corday remained constant in insisting that \"I alone conceived the plan and executed it.\" She referred to Marat as a \"hoarder\" and a \"monster\" who was respected only in Paris." }

[ "what was the rhine campaign of 1796 about?", "This was the last campaign of the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which armies were involved in this?", "First Coalition armies and French Republican armies.", "what was the event that started the first war mentioned above?", "Relations between the French revolutionaries with neighbouring monarchies had deteriorated following the Declaration of Pillnitz", "what was this declaration about?", "It declared the joint support of the Holy Roman Empire and of Prussia for King Louis XVI of France against the French Revolution.", "what was the direct result of it?", "Radical Frenchmen who called for war used it as a pretext to gain influence and declare war on 20 April 1792, leading to the campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars.", "which year did the afore-mentioned revolution take place?", "1789", "who was revolting and against whom?", "UNANSWERABLE", "any women who played a major role in it?", "De Corday d'Armont", "who was she?", "She was a figure of the French Revolution.", "what was her biggest contribution to the revolution?", "She murdered Jean-Paul Marat.", "was she put on trial for this crime?", "Yes" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:19503029", "title": "Charlotte Corday [SEP] Trial", "text": "Charlotte Corday sent the following farewell letter to her father which was intercepted and read during the trial, the letter helping to establish that Marat's murder was premeditated: Corday underwent three separate cross-examinations by senior revolutionary judicial officials, including the President of the Revolutionary Tribunal and the chief prosecutor. She stressed that she was a republican and had been so even before the Revolution, citing the values of ancient Rome as an ideal model. The focus of the questioning was to establish whether she had been part of a wider Girondist conspiracy. Corday remained constant in insisting that \"I alone conceived the plan and executed it.\" She referred to Marat as a \"hoarder\" and a \"monster\" who was respected only in Paris." }

[]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:25611487", "title": "Star [SEP] Introduction", "text": "When the stellar core is sufficiently dense, hydrogen becomes steadily converted into helium through nuclear fusion, releasing energy in the process. The remainder of the star's interior carries energy away from the core through a combination of radiative and convective heat transfer processes. The star's internal pressure prevents it from collapsing further under its own gravity. A star with mass greater than 0.4 times the Sun's will expand to become a red giant when the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted. In some cases, it will fuse heavier elements at the core or in shells around the core. As the star expands it throws a part of its mass, enriched with those heavier elements, into the interstellar environment, to be recycled later as new stars." }

[ "characteristics of stars based on the characteristics of the sun", "A star with mass greater than 0.4 times the Sun's will expand to become a red giant when the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:25611484", "title": "Star [SEP] Introduction", "text": "A star is an astronomical object consisting of a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its own gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye from Earth during the night, appearing as a multitude of fixed luminous points in the sky due to their immense distance from Earth. Historically, the most prominent stars were grouped into constellations and asterisms, the brightest of which gained proper names. Astronomers have assembled star catalogues that identify the known stars and provide standardized stellar designations. The observable Universe contains an estimated stars, but most are invisible to the naked eye from Earth, including all stars outside our galaxy, the Milky Way." }

[ "characteristics of stars based on the characteristics of the sun", "A star with mass greater than 0.4 times the Sun's will expand to become a red giant when the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted.", "have these been observed since ancient times?", "UNANSWERABLE" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:25611493", "title": "Star [SEP] Units of measurement", "text": "Although stellar parameters can be expressed in SI units or CGS units, it is often most convenient to express mass, luminosity, and radii in solar units, based on the characteristics of the Sun. In 2015, the IAU defined a set of \"nominal\" solar values (defined as SI constants, without uncertainties) which can be used for quoting stellar parameters: The solar mass M was not explicitly defined by the IAU due to the large relative uncertainty (10) of the Newtonian gravitational constant G. However, since the product of the Newtonian gravitational constant and solar mass together (GM) has been determined to much greater precision, the IAU defined the \"nominal\" solar mass parameter to be: However, one can combine the nominal solar mass parameter with the most recent (2014) CODATA estimate of the Newtonian gravitational constant G to derive the solar mass to be approximately 1.9885 × 10 kg." }

[ "characteristics of stars based on the characteristics of the sun", "A star with mass greater than 0.4 times the Sun's will expand to become a red giant when the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted.", "have these been observed since ancient times?", "UNANSWERABLE", "how are they measured?", "It is often most convenient to express mass, luminosity, and radii in solar units" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:11597244", "title": "Luminosity [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Luminosity is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic power (light), the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object. In astronomy, luminosity is the total amount of electromagnetic energy emitted per unit of time by a star, galaxy, or other astronomical object. In SI units, luminosity is measured in joules per second, or watts. In astronomy, values for luminosity are often given in the terms of the luminosity of the Sun, L. Luminosity can also be given in terms of the astronomical magnitude system: the absolute bolometric magnitude (M) of an object is a logarithmic measure of its total energy emission rate, while absolute magnitude is a logarithmic measure of the luminosity within some specific wavelength range or filter band." }

[ "characteristics of stars based on the characteristics of the sun", "A star with mass greater than 0.4 times the Sun's will expand to become a red giant when the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted.", "have these been observed since ancient times?", "UNANSWERABLE", "how are they measured?", "It is often most convenient to express mass, luminosity, and radii in solar units", "could you please explain the second term?", "It is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic power, the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:11597244", "title": "Luminosity [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Luminosity is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic power (light), the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object. In astronomy, luminosity is the total amount of electromagnetic energy emitted per unit of time by a star, galaxy, or other astronomical object. In SI units, luminosity is measured in joules per second, or watts. In astronomy, values for luminosity are often given in the terms of the luminosity of the Sun, L. Luminosity can also be given in terms of the astronomical magnitude system: the absolute bolometric magnitude (M) of an object is a logarithmic measure of its total energy emission rate, while absolute magnitude is a logarithmic measure of the luminosity within some specific wavelength range or filter band." }

[ "characteristics of stars based on the characteristics of the sun", "A star with mass greater than 0.4 times the Sun's will expand to become a red giant when the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted.", "have these been observed since ancient times?", "UNANSWERABLE", "how are they measured?", "It is often most convenient to express mass, luminosity, and radii in solar units", "could you please explain the second term?", "It is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic power, the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object.", "howe is it measured?", "In SI units, luminosity is measured in joules per second, or watts and in astronomy, in the terms of the luminosity of the Sun, L" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:11597248", "title": "Luminosity [SEP] Stellar luminosity", "text": "A star's luminosity can be determined from two stellar characteristics: size and effective temperature. The former is typically represented in terms of solar radii, R, while the latter is represented in kelvins, but in most cases neither can be measured directly. To determine a star's radius, two other metrics are needed: the star's angular diameter and its distance from Earth. Both can be measured with great accuracy in certain cases, with cool supergiants often having large angular diameters, and some cool evolved stars having masers in their atmospheres that can be used to measure the parallax using VLBI. However, for most stars the angular diameter or parallax, or both, are far below our ability to measure with any certainty." }

[ "characteristics of stars based on the characteristics of the sun", "A star with mass greater than 0.4 times the Sun's will expand to become a red giant when the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted.", "have these been observed since ancient times?", "UNANSWERABLE", "how are they measured?", "It is often most convenient to express mass, luminosity, and radii in solar units", "could you please explain the second term?", "It is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic power, the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object.", "howe is it measured?", "In SI units, luminosity is measured in joules per second, or watts and in astronomy, in the terms of the luminosity of the Sun, L", "how is it measured for a star?", "By its size in terms of solar radii, R, and effective temperature in kelvins" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:16912629", "title": "Kelvin [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The kelvin is the base unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI), having the unit symbol K. It is named after the Belfast-born Glasgow University engineer and physicist William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1824–1907). The kelvin is now defined by fixing the numerical value of the Boltzmann constant to 1.380 649×10 J⋅K. This unit is equal to kg⋅m⋅s⋅K, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of the Planck constant, the speed of light, and the duration of the caesium-133 ground-state hyperfine transition respectively. Thus, this definition depends only on universal constants, and not on any physical artifacts as practiced previously, such as the International Prototype of the Kilogram, whose mass diverged over time from the original value." }

[ "characteristics of stars based on the characteristics of the sun", "A star with mass greater than 0.4 times the Sun's will expand to become a red giant when the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted.", "have these been observed since ancient times?", "UNANSWERABLE", "how are they measured?", "It is often most convenient to express mass, luminosity, and radii in solar units", "could you please explain the second term?", "It is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic power, the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object.", "howe is it measured?", "In SI units, luminosity is measured in joules per second, or watts and in astronomy, in the terms of the luminosity of the Sun, L", "how is it measured for a star?", "By its size in terms of solar radii, R, and effective temperature in kelvins", "what is this last unit that you mentioned?", "It is the base unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI)" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:16912636", "title": "Kelvin [SEP] 2019 redefinition", "text": "In 2005 the CIPM embarked on a programme to redefine the kelvin (along with the other SI units) using a more experimentally rigorous methodology. In particular, the committee proposed redefining the kelvin such that Boltzmann constant takes the exact value . The committee had hoped that the programme would be completed in time for its adoption by the CGPM at its 2011 meeting, but at the 2011 meeting the decision was postponed to the 2014 meeting when it would be considered as part of a larger programme. The redefinition was further postponed in 2014, pending more accurate measurements of Boltzmann's constant in terms of the current definition, but was finally adopted at the 26th CGPM in late 2018, with a value of = ." }

[ "characteristics of stars based on the characteristics of the sun", "A star with mass greater than 0.4 times the Sun's will expand to become a red giant when the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted.", "have these been observed since ancient times?", "UNANSWERABLE", "how are they measured?", "It is often most convenient to express mass, luminosity, and radii in solar units", "could you please explain the second term?", "It is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic power, the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object.", "howe is it measured?", "In SI units, luminosity is measured in joules per second, or watts and in astronomy, in the terms of the luminosity of the Sun, L", "how is it measured for a star?", "By its size in terms of solar radii, R, and effective temperature in kelvins", "what is this last unit that you mentioned?", "It is the base unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI)", "why was it redefined?", "So that Boltzmann constant takes the exact value" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:16912632", "title": "Kelvin [SEP] History", "text": "In 1954, Resolution 3 of the 10th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) gave the Kelvin scale its modern definition by designating the triple point of water as its second defining point and assigned its temperature to exactly 273.16 kelvin. In 1967/1968, Resolution 3 of the 13th CGPM renamed the unit increment of thermodynamic temperature \"kelvin\", symbol K, replacing \"degree Kelvin\", symbol °K. Furthermore, feeling it useful to more explicitly define the magnitude of the unit increment, the 13th CGPM also held in Resolution 4 that \"The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is equal to the fraction of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.\"" }

[ "characteristics of stars based on the characteristics of the sun", "A star with mass greater than 0.4 times the Sun's will expand to become a red giant when the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted.", "have these been observed since ancient times?", "UNANSWERABLE", "how are they measured?", "It is often most convenient to express mass, luminosity, and radii in solar units", "could you please explain the second term?", "It is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic power, the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object.", "howe is it measured?", "In SI units, luminosity is measured in joules per second, or watts and in astronomy, in the terms of the luminosity of the Sun, L", "how is it measured for a star?", "By its size in terms of solar radii, R, and effective temperature in kelvins", "what is this last unit that you mentioned?", "It is the base unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI)", "why was it redefined?", "So that Boltzmann constant takes the exact value", "by whom was this unit formulated?", "William Thomson, later ennobled as Lord Kelvin" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:25659684", "title": "International System of Units [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The International System of Units (SI, abbreviated from the French \"\") is the modern form of the metric system. It is the only system of measurement with an official status in nearly every country in the world. It comprises a coherent system of units of measurement starting with seven base units, which are the second (the unit of time with the symbol s), metre (length, m), kilogram (mass, kg), ampere (electric current, A), kelvin (thermodynamic temperature, K), mole (amount of substance, mol), and candela (luminous intensity, cd). The system allows for an unlimited number of additional units, called derived units, which can always be represented as products of powers of the base units." }

[ "characteristics of stars based on the characteristics of the sun", "A star with mass greater than 0.4 times the Sun's will expand to become a red giant when the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted.", "have these been observed since ancient times?", "UNANSWERABLE", "how are they measured?", "It is often most convenient to express mass, luminosity, and radii in solar units", "could you please explain the second term?", "It is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic power, the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object.", "howe is it measured?", "In SI units, luminosity is measured in joules per second, or watts and in astronomy, in the terms of the luminosity of the Sun, L", "how is it measured for a star?", "By its size in terms of solar radii, R, and effective temperature in kelvins", "what is this last unit that you mentioned?", "It is the base unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI)", "why was it redefined?", "So that Boltzmann constant takes the exact value", "by whom was this unit formulated?", "William Thomson, later ennobled as Lord Kelvin", "you mentioned about an international system earlier, what is it?", "It is the modern form of the metric system; only system of measurement with an official status in nearly every country in the world." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:25659690", "title": "International System of Units [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The International System of Units, the SI, is a decimal and metric system of units established in 1960 and periodically updated since then. The SI has an official status in most countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, with these two countries being amongst a handful of nations that, to various degrees, continue to resist widespread internal adoption of the SI system. As a consequence, the SI system “has been used around the world as the preferred system of units, the basic language for science, technology, industry and trade.” The only other types of measurement system that still have widespread use across the world are the Imperial and US customary measurement systems, and they are legally defined in terms of the SI system." }

[ "characteristics of stars based on the characteristics of the sun", "A star with mass greater than 0.4 times the Sun's will expand to become a red giant when the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted.", "have these been observed since ancient times?", "UNANSWERABLE", "how are they measured?", "It is often most convenient to express mass, luminosity, and radii in solar units", "could you please explain the second term?", "It is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic power, the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object.", "howe is it measured?", "In SI units, luminosity is measured in joules per second, or watts and in astronomy, in the terms of the luminosity of the Sun, L", "how is it measured for a star?", "By its size in terms of solar radii, R, and effective temperature in kelvins", "what is this last unit that you mentioned?", "It is the base unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI)", "why was it redefined?", "So that Boltzmann constant takes the exact value", "by whom was this unit formulated?", "William Thomson, later ennobled as Lord Kelvin", "you mentioned about an international system earlier, what is it?", "It is the modern form of the metric system; only system of measurement with an official status in nearly every country in the world.", "when was it introduced?", "1960" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:25659692", "title": "International System of Units [SEP] Controlling body", "text": "The SI was established and is maintained by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). In practice, the CGPM follows the recommendations of the Consultative Committee for Units (CCU), which is the actual body conducting technical deliberations concerning new scientific and technological developments related to the definition of units and the SI. The CCU reports to the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM), which, in turn, reports to the CGPM. See below for more details. All the decisions and recommendations concerning units are collected in a brochure called \"The International System of Units (SI)\", which is published by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) and periodically updated." }

[ "characteristics of stars based on the characteristics of the sun", "A star with mass greater than 0.4 times the Sun's will expand to become a red giant when the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted.", "have these been observed since ancient times?", "UNANSWERABLE", "how are they measured?", "It is often most convenient to express mass, luminosity, and radii in solar units", "could you please explain the second term?", "It is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic power, the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object.", "howe is it measured?", "In SI units, luminosity is measured in joules per second, or watts and in astronomy, in the terms of the luminosity of the Sun, L", "how is it measured for a star?", "By its size in terms of solar radii, R, and effective temperature in kelvins", "what is this last unit that you mentioned?", "It is the base unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI)", "why was it redefined?", "So that Boltzmann constant takes the exact value", "by whom was this unit formulated?", "William Thomson, later ennobled as Lord Kelvin", "you mentioned about an international system earlier, what is it?", "It is the modern form of the metric system; only system of measurement with an official status in nearly every country in the world.", "when was it introduced?", "1960", "which organization controls it?", "General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM)" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:25659684", "title": "International System of Units [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The International System of Units (SI, abbreviated from the French \"\") is the modern form of the metric system. It is the only system of measurement with an official status in nearly every country in the world. It comprises a coherent system of units of measurement starting with seven base units, which are the second (the unit of time with the symbol s), metre (length, m), kilogram (mass, kg), ampere (electric current, A), kelvin (thermodynamic temperature, K), mole (amount of substance, mol), and candela (luminous intensity, cd). The system allows for an unlimited number of additional units, called derived units, which can always be represented as products of powers of the base units." }

[ "characteristics of stars based on the characteristics of the sun", "A star with mass greater than 0.4 times the Sun's will expand to become a red giant when the hydrogen fuel in its core is exhausted.", "have these been observed since ancient times?", "UNANSWERABLE", "how are they measured?", "It is often most convenient to express mass, luminosity, and radii in solar units", "could you please explain the second term?", "It is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic power, the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object.", "howe is it measured?", "In SI units, luminosity is measured in joules per second, or watts and in astronomy, in the terms of the luminosity of the Sun, L", "how is it measured for a star?", "By its size in terms of solar radii, R, and effective temperature in kelvins", "what is this last unit that you mentioned?", "It is the base unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI)", "why was it redefined?", "So that Boltzmann constant takes the exact value", "by whom was this unit formulated?", "William Thomson, later ennobled as Lord Kelvin", "you mentioned about an international system earlier, what is it?", "It is the modern form of the metric system; only system of measurement with an official status in nearly every country in the world.", "when was it introduced?", "1960", "which organization controls it?", "General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM)", "can you mention a few units that come under the si system?", "Second, metre, kilogram, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:25659684", "title": "International System of Units [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The International System of Units (SI, abbreviated from the French \"\") is the modern form of the metric system. It is the only system of measurement with an official status in nearly every country in the world. It comprises a coherent system of units of measurement starting with seven base units, which are the second (the unit of time with the symbol s), metre (length, m), kilogram (mass, kg), ampere (electric current, A), kelvin (thermodynamic temperature, K), mole (amount of substance, mol), and candela (luminous intensity, cd). The system allows for an unlimited number of additional units, called derived units, which can always be represented as products of powers of the base units." }

[]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:13451652", "title": "Felix Mendelssohn [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 18094 November 1847), born and widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions include symphonies, concertos, piano music, organ music and chamber music. His best-known works include the overture and incidental music for \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", the \"Italian Symphony\", the \"Scottish Symphony\", the oratorio \"St. Paul\", the oratorio \"Elijah\", the overture \"The Hebrides\", the mature Violin Concerto and the String Octet. The melody for the Christmas carol \"Hark! The Herald Angels Sing\" is also his. Mendelssohn's \"Songs Without Words\" are his most famous solo piano compositions." }

[ "who was widely known as the most outstanding violin virtuoso of the 19th century", "Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:13451667", "title": "Felix Mendelssohn [SEP] Meeting Goethe and conducting Bach", "text": "Four years previously his grandmother, Bella Salomon, had given him a copy of the manuscript of this (by then all-but-forgotten) masterpiece. The orchestra and choir for the performance were provided by the Berlin Singakademie. The success of this performance, one of the very few since Bach's death and the first ever outside of Leipzig, was the central event in the revival of Bach's music in Germany and, eventually, throughout Europe. It earned Mendelssohn widespread acclaim at the age of 20. It also led to one of the few explicit references which Mendelssohn made to his origins: \"To think that it took an actor and a Jew's son to revive the greatest Christian music for the world!\"" }

[ "who was widely known as the most outstanding violin virtuoso of the 19th century", "Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy", "when did he conduct bach?", "1829" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:13451719", "title": "Felix Mendelssohn [SEP] Teacher", "text": "Although Mendelssohn attributed great importance to musical education, and made a substantial commitment to the Conservatoire he founded in Leipzig, he did not greatly enjoy teaching and took only a very few private pupils who he believed had notable qualities. Such students included the composer William Sterndale Bennett, the pianist Camille-Marie Stamaty, the violinist and composer Julius Eichberg, and Walther von Goethe (grandson of the poet). At the Leipzig Conservatoire Mendelssohn taught classes in composition and ensemble playing." }

[ "who was widely known as the most outstanding violin virtuoso of the 19th century", "Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy", "when did he conduct bach?", "1829", "was he teaching too?", "Yes, but taught only a very few private pupils." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:13451719", "title": "Felix Mendelssohn [SEP] Teacher", "text": "Although Mendelssohn attributed great importance to musical education, and made a substantial commitment to the Conservatoire he founded in Leipzig, he did not greatly enjoy teaching and took only a very few private pupils who he believed had notable qualities. Such students included the composer William Sterndale Bennett, the pianist Camille-Marie Stamaty, the violinist and composer Julius Eichberg, and Walther von Goethe (grandson of the poet). At the Leipzig Conservatoire Mendelssohn taught classes in composition and ensemble playing." }

[ "who was widely known as the most outstanding violin virtuoso of the 19th century", "Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy", "when did he conduct bach?", "1829", "was he teaching too?", "Yes, but taught only a very few private pupils.", "what did he teach?", "Music" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:13451725", "title": "Felix Mendelssohn [SEP] Modern opinions", "text": "This includes a modern and fully researched catalogue of his works, the Mendelssohn-Werkverzeichnis (MWV). Mendelssohn's oeuvre has been explored more deeply. Recordings of virtually all of Mendelssohn's published works are now available, and his works are frequently heard in the concert hall and on broadcasts. R. Larry Todd noted in 2007, in the context of the impending bicentenary of Mendelssohn's birth, \"the intensifying revival of the composer's music over the past few decades\", and that \"his image has been largely rehabilitated, as musicians and scholars have returned to this paradoxically familiar but unfamiliar European classical composer, and have begun viewing him from new perspectives.\"" }

[ "who was widely known as the most outstanding violin virtuoso of the 19th century", "Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy", "when did he conduct bach?", "1829", "was he teaching too?", "Yes, but taught only a very few private pupils.", "what did he teach?", "Music", "describe some modern era opinions on him?", "Charles Rosen, in a chapter on Mendelssohn in his 1995 book \"The Romantic Generation\", both praises and criticizes the composer. He calls him \"the greatest child prodigy the history of Western music has ever known\"." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:13451722", "title": "Felix Mendelssohn [SEP] Modern opinions", "text": "Appreciation of Mendelssohn's work has developed over the last 50 years, together with the publication of a number of biographies placing his achievements in context. Mercer-Taylor comments on the irony that \"this broad-based reevaluation of Mendelssohn's music is made possible, in part, by a general disintegration of the idea of a musical canon\", an idea which Mendelssohn \"as a conductor, pianist and scholar\" had done so much to establish. The critic H. L. Mencken concluded that, if Mendelssohn indeed missed true greatness, he missed it \"by a hair\". Charles Rosen, in a chapter on Mendelssohn in his 1995 book \"The Romantic Generation\", both praises and criticizes the composer." }

[ "who was widely known as the most outstanding violin virtuoso of the 19th century", "Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy", "when did he conduct bach?", "1829", "was he teaching too?", "Yes, but taught only a very few private pupils.", "what did he teach?", "Music", "describe some modern era opinions on him?", "Charles Rosen, in a chapter on Mendelssohn in his 1995 book \"The Romantic Generation\", both praises and criticizes the composer. He calls him \"the greatest child prodigy the history of Western music has ever known\".", "what was the above mentioned book about?", "UNANSWERABLE" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:13451692", "title": "Felix Mendelssohn [SEP] Style", "text": "First, that his inspiration for musical style was rooted in his technical mastery and his interpretation of the style of previous masters, although he certainly recognized and developed the strains of early Romanticism in the music of Beethoven and Weber. The historian James Garratt writes that from his early career, \"the view emerged that Mendelssohn's engagement with early music was a defining aspect of his creativity.\" This approach was recognized by Mendelssohn himself, who wrote that, in his meetings with Goethe, he gave the poet \"historical exhibitions\" at the keyboard; \"every morning, for about an hour, I have to play a variety of works by great composers in chronological order, and must explain to him how they contributed to the advance of music.\" Secondly, it highlights that Mendelssohn was more concerned to reinvigorate the musical legacy which he inherited, rather than to replace it with new forms and styles, or with the use of more exotic orchestration." }

[ "who was widely known as the most outstanding violin virtuoso of the 19th century", "Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy", "when did he conduct bach?", "1829", "was he teaching too?", "Yes, but taught only a very few private pupils.", "what did he teach?", "Music", "describe some modern era opinions on him?", "Charles Rosen, in a chapter on Mendelssohn in his 1995 book \"The Romantic Generation\", both praises and criticizes the composer. He calls him \"the greatest child prodigy the history of Western music has ever known\".", "what was the above mentioned book about?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what is his style of music?", "His inspiration for musical style was rooted in his technical mastery and his interpretation of the style of previous masters, although he certainly recognized and developed the strains of early Romanticism in the music of Beethoven and Weber." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:13451680", "title": "Felix Mendelssohn [SEP] Personality", "text": "that when the family was assembled ... he began to talk incoherently in English. The stern voice of his father at last checked the wild torrent of words; they took him to bed, and a profound sleep of twelve hours restored him to his normal state\". Such fits may be related to his early death. Mendelssohn was an enthusiastic visual artist who worked in pencil and watercolour, a skill which he enjoyed throughout his life. His correspondences indicate that he could write with considerable wit in German and English – these letters are sometimes accompanied by humorous sketches and cartoons." }

[ "who was widely known as the most outstanding violin virtuoso of the 19th century", "Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy", "when did he conduct bach?", "1829", "was he teaching too?", "Yes, but taught only a very few private pupils.", "what did he teach?", "Music", "describe some modern era opinions on him?", "Charles Rosen, in a chapter on Mendelssohn in his 1995 book \"The Romantic Generation\", both praises and criticizes the composer. He calls him \"the greatest child prodigy the history of Western music has ever known\".", "what was the above mentioned book about?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what is his style of music?", "His inspiration for musical style was rooted in his technical mastery and his interpretation of the style of previous masters, although he certainly recognized and developed the strains of early Romanticism in the music of Beethoven and Weber.", "how was his personality?", "He was an enthusiastic visual artist who worked in pencil and watercolour, a skill which he enjoyed throughout his life." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:13451659", "title": "Felix Mendelssohn [SEP] Surname", "text": "The name Bartholdy was added at the suggestion of Lea's brother, Jakob Salomon Bartholdy, who had inherited a property of this name in Luisenstadt and adopted it as his own surname. In an 1829 letter to Felix, Abraham explained that adopting the Bartholdy name was meant to demonstrate a decisive break with the traditions of his father Moses: \"There can no more be a Christian Mendelssohn than there can be a Jewish Confucius\". (Letter to Felix of 8 July 1829). On embarking on his musical career, Felix did not entirely drop the name Mendelssohn as Abraham had requested, but in deference to his father signed his letters and had his visiting cards printed using the form 'Mendelssohn Bartholdy'." }

[ "who was widely known as the most outstanding violin virtuoso of the 19th century", "Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy", "when did he conduct bach?", "1829", "was he teaching too?", "Yes, but taught only a very few private pupils.", "what did he teach?", "Music", "describe some modern era opinions on him?", "Charles Rosen, in a chapter on Mendelssohn in his 1995 book \"The Romantic Generation\", both praises and criticizes the composer. He calls him \"the greatest child prodigy the history of Western music has ever known\".", "what was the above mentioned book about?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what is his style of music?", "His inspiration for musical style was rooted in his technical mastery and his interpretation of the style of previous masters, although he certainly recognized and developed the strains of early Romanticism in the music of Beethoven and Weber.", "how was his personality?", "He was an enthusiastic visual artist who worked in pencil and watercolour, a skill which he enjoyed throughout his life.", "is there anything significant about his surname?", "The name Bartholdy was added at the suggestion of Lea's brother, Jakob Salomon Bartholdy, who had inherited a property of this name in Luisenstadt and adopted it as his own surname." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:13451652", "title": "Felix Mendelssohn [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 18094 November 1847), born and widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions include symphonies, concertos, piano music, organ music and chamber music. His best-known works include the overture and incidental music for \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", the \"Italian Symphony\", the \"Scottish Symphony\", the oratorio \"St. Paul\", the oratorio \"Elijah\", the overture \"The Hebrides\", the mature Violin Concerto and the String Octet. The melody for the Christmas carol \"Hark! The Herald Angels Sing\" is also his. Mendelssohn's \"Songs Without Words\" are his most famous solo piano compositions." }

[]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:384896", "title": "Randall Flagg [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Randall Flagg is a fictional character created by American author Stephen King, who has appeared in at least nine of his novels. Described as \"an accomplished sorcerer and a devoted servant of the Outer Dark,\" he has supernatural abilities involving necromancy, prophecy, and influence over animal and human behavior. His goals typically center on bringing down civilizations through destruction and conflict. He has a variety of names, usually with the initial letters \"R. F.\" but with occasional exceptions, such as Walter o'Dim (originally envisioned by King as a separate character) in \"The Dark Tower\" series and Marten Broadcloak. Flagg first appeared in King's 1978 novel \"The Stand\" as a demonic figure who wreaks havoc after a plague kills most of the population." }

[ "dark tower who is the man in black", "UNANSWERABLE" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:384896", "title": "Randall Flagg [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Randall Flagg is a fictional character created by American author Stephen King, who has appeared in at least nine of his novels. Described as \"an accomplished sorcerer and a devoted servant of the Outer Dark,\" he has supernatural abilities involving necromancy, prophecy, and influence over animal and human behavior. His goals typically center on bringing down civilizations through destruction and conflict. He has a variety of names, usually with the initial letters \"R. F.\" but with occasional exceptions, such as Walter o'Dim (originally envisioned by King as a separate character) in \"The Dark Tower\" series and Marten Broadcloak. Flagg first appeared in King's 1978 novel \"The Stand\" as a demonic figure who wreaks havoc after a plague kills most of the population." }

[ "dark tower who is the man in black", "UNANSWERABLE", "who is randall flagg?", "It is a fictional character." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:384896", "title": "Randall Flagg [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Randall Flagg is a fictional character created by American author Stephen King, who has appeared in at least nine of his novels. Described as \"an accomplished sorcerer and a devoted servant of the Outer Dark,\" he has supernatural abilities involving necromancy, prophecy, and influence over animal and human behavior. His goals typically center on bringing down civilizations through destruction and conflict. He has a variety of names, usually with the initial letters \"R. F.\" but with occasional exceptions, such as Walter o'Dim (originally envisioned by King as a separate character) in \"The Dark Tower\" series and Marten Broadcloak. Flagg first appeared in King's 1978 novel \"The Stand\" as a demonic figure who wreaks havoc after a plague kills most of the population." }

[ "dark tower who is the man in black", "UNANSWERABLE", "who is randall flagg?", "It is a fictional character.", "who created it?", "Stephen King" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:384896", "title": "Randall Flagg [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Randall Flagg is a fictional character created by American author Stephen King, who has appeared in at least nine of his novels. Described as \"an accomplished sorcerer and a devoted servant of the Outer Dark,\" he has supernatural abilities involving necromancy, prophecy, and influence over animal and human behavior. His goals typically center on bringing down civilizations through destruction and conflict. He has a variety of names, usually with the initial letters \"R. F.\" but with occasional exceptions, such as Walter o'Dim (originally envisioned by King as a separate character) in \"The Dark Tower\" series and Marten Broadcloak. Flagg first appeared in King's 1978 novel \"The Stand\" as a demonic figure who wreaks havoc after a plague kills most of the population." }

[ "dark tower who is the man in black", "UNANSWERABLE", "who is randall flagg?", "It is a fictional character.", "who created it?", "Stephen King", "where does this character appear?", "\"The Dark Tower\"." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:17778055", "title": "The Dark Tower (series) [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The Dark Tower is a series of eight books and two short stories written by American author Stephen King. Incorporating themes from multiple genres, including dark fantasy, science fantasy, horror, and Western, it describes a \"gunslinger\" and his quest toward a tower, the nature of which is both physical and metaphorical. The series, and its use of the Dark Tower, expands upon Stephen King's multiverse and in doing so, links together many of his other novels. In addition to the eight novels of the series proper that comprise 4,250 pages, many of King's other books relate to the story, introducing concepts and characters that come into play as the series progresses." }

[ "dark tower who is the man in black", "UNANSWERABLE", "who is randall flagg?", "It is a fictional character.", "who created it?", "Stephen King", "where does this character appear?", "\"The Dark Tower\".", "what is it?", "It is a series of eight books and two short stories written by American author Stephen King." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:17778055", "title": "The Dark Tower (series) [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The Dark Tower is a series of eight books and two short stories written by American author Stephen King. Incorporating themes from multiple genres, including dark fantasy, science fantasy, horror, and Western, it describes a \"gunslinger\" and his quest toward a tower, the nature of which is both physical and metaphorical. The series, and its use of the Dark Tower, expands upon Stephen King's multiverse and in doing so, links together many of his other novels. In addition to the eight novels of the series proper that comprise 4,250 pages, many of King's other books relate to the story, introducing concepts and characters that come into play as the series progresses." }

[ "dark tower who is the man in black", "UNANSWERABLE", "who is randall flagg?", "It is a fictional character.", "who created it?", "Stephen King", "where does this character appear?", "\"The Dark Tower\".", "what is it?", "It is a series of eight books and two short stories written by American author Stephen King.", "in which genre was it written?", "Dark fantasy, science fantasy, horror, and Western." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:17778056", "title": "The Dark Tower (series) [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The series was chiefly inspired by the poem \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\" by Robert Browning, whose full text was included in the final volume's appendix. In the preface to the revised 2003 edition of \"\", King also identifies \"The Lord of the Rings\", Arthurian Legend, and \"The Good, the Bad and the Ugly\" as inspirations. He identifies Clint Eastwood's \"Man with No Name\" character as one of the major inspirations for the protagonist, Roland Deschain. King's style of location names in the series, such as Mid-World, and his development of a unique language abstract to our own (High Speech), are also influenced by J." }

[ "dark tower who is the man in black", "UNANSWERABLE", "who is randall flagg?", "It is a fictional character.", "who created it?", "Stephen King", "where does this character appear?", "\"The Dark Tower\".", "what is it?", "It is a series of eight books and two short stories written by American author Stephen King.", "in which genre was it written?", "Dark fantasy, science fantasy, horror, and Western.", "was it influenced by any work?", "It was inspired by the poem \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\"." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:17778056", "title": "The Dark Tower (series) [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The series was chiefly inspired by the poem \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\" by Robert Browning, whose full text was included in the final volume's appendix. In the preface to the revised 2003 edition of \"\", King also identifies \"The Lord of the Rings\", Arthurian Legend, and \"The Good, the Bad and the Ugly\" as inspirations. He identifies Clint Eastwood's \"Man with No Name\" character as one of the major inspirations for the protagonist, Roland Deschain. King's style of location names in the series, such as Mid-World, and his development of a unique language abstract to our own (High Speech), are also influenced by J." }

[ "dark tower who is the man in black", "UNANSWERABLE", "who is randall flagg?", "It is a fictional character.", "who created it?", "Stephen King", "where does this character appear?", "\"The Dark Tower\".", "what is it?", "It is a series of eight books and two short stories written by American author Stephen King.", "in which genre was it written?", "Dark fantasy, science fantasy, horror, and Western.", "was it influenced by any work?", "It was inspired by the poem \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\".", "who wrote it?", "Robert Browning" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:5367431", "title": "Robert Browning [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterisation, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax. Browning's early career began promisingly, but collapsed. The long poems (1833) and \"Paracelsus\" (1835) received some acclaim, but in 1840 the difficult poem:\"Sordello\", which was seen as wilfully obscure, brought his poetry into disrepute. His reputation took more than a decade to recover, during which time he moved away from the Shelleyan forms of his early period and developed a more personal style." }

[ "dark tower who is the man in black", "UNANSWERABLE", "who is randall flagg?", "It is a fictional character.", "who created it?", "Stephen King", "where does this character appear?", "\"The Dark Tower\".", "what is it?", "It is a series of eight books and two short stories written by American author Stephen King.", "in which genre was it written?", "Dark fantasy, science fantasy, horror, and Western.", "was it influenced by any work?", "It was inspired by the poem \"Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came\".", "who wrote it?", "Robert Browning", "who is he?", "He was an English poet and playwright." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:5367431", "title": "Robert Browning [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterisation, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax. Browning's early career began promisingly, but collapsed. The long poems (1833) and \"Paracelsus\" (1835) received some acclaim, but in 1840 the difficult poem:\"Sordello\", which was seen as wilfully obscure, brought his poetry into disrepute. His reputation took more than a decade to recover, during which time he moved away from the Shelleyan forms of his early period and developed a more personal style." }

[]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:6129089", "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States) [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The result of the convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States, placing the Convention among the most significant events in American history. At the time, the convention was not referred to as a \"Constitutional convention\", nor did most of the delegates arrive intending to draft a new constitution. Many assumed that the purpose of the convention was to discuss and draft improvements to the existing Articles of Confederation, and would have not agreed to participate otherwise. Once the convention began, however, most of the delegates – though not all – came to agree in general terms that the goal would be a new system of government, not simply a revised version of the Articles of Confederation." }

[ "what took place at the constitutional convention of 1787", "The result of the convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:6129160", "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States) [SEP] Slavery", "text": "Slavery was one of the most difficult issues confronting the delegates. Slavery was widespread in the states at the time of the convention. At least a third of the convention's 55 delegates owned slaves, including all of the delegates from Virginia and South Carolina. Slaves comprised approximately one-fifth of the population of the states, and apart from northernmost New England, where slavery had largely been eliminated, slaves lived in all regions of the country. However, more than 90% of the slaves lived in the South, where approximately 1 in 3 families owned slaves (in the largest and wealthiest state, Virginia, that figure was nearly 1 in 2 families)." }

[ "what took place at the constitutional convention of 1787", "The result of the convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States.", "was slavery an important topic in it?", "Yes." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:6129163", "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States) [SEP] Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise", "text": "During the convention's late July recess, the Committee of Detail had inserted language that would prohibit the federal government from attempting to ban international slave trading and from imposing taxes on the purchase or sale of slaves. The convention could not agree on these provisions when the subject came up again in late August, so they referred the matter to an eleven-member committee for further discussion. This committee helped work out a compromise: Congress would have the power to ban the international slave trade, but not for another twenty years (that is, not until 1808). In exchange for this concession, the federal government's power to regulate foreign commerce would be strengthened by provisions that allowed for taxation of slave trades in the international market and that reduced the requirement for passage of navigation acts from two-thirds majorities of both houses of Congress to simple majorities." }

[ "what took place at the constitutional convention of 1787", "The result of the convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States.", "was slavery an important topic in it?", "Yes.", "was anything done to stop it?", "Congress would have the power to ban the international slave trade, but not for another twenty years. In exchange for this concession, the federal government's power to regulate foreign commerce would be strengthened by provisions that allowed for taxation of slave trades in the international market." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:6129142", "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States) [SEP] Federal supremacy", "text": "On July 17, the delegates worked to define the powers of Congress. The Virginia Plan asserted the supremacy of the national government, giving Congress authority \"to legislate in all cases to which the separate States are incompetent\" and stating that congressional legislation would take precedence over conflicting state laws. In a motion introduced by Gunning Bedford, the Convention approved this provision with only South Carolina and Georgia voting against. Four small states—Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland—accepted the expansion of congressional power. Later in life, Madison explained that this was a result of the Great Compromise. Once the small states were assured they would be represented in the new government, they \"exceeded all others in zeal\" for a strong national government." }

[ "what took place at the constitutional convention of 1787", "The result of the convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States.", "was slavery an important topic in it?", "Yes.", "was anything done to stop it?", "Congress would have the power to ban the international slave trade, but not for another twenty years. In exchange for this concession, the federal government's power to regulate foreign commerce would be strengthened by provisions that allowed for taxation of slave trades in the international market.", "what else did the convention include?", "Tthe delegates worked to define the powers of Congress." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:6129142", "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States) [SEP] Federal supremacy", "text": "On July 17, the delegates worked to define the powers of Congress. The Virginia Plan asserted the supremacy of the national government, giving Congress authority \"to legislate in all cases to which the separate States are incompetent\" and stating that congressional legislation would take precedence over conflicting state laws. In a motion introduced by Gunning Bedford, the Convention approved this provision with only South Carolina and Georgia voting against. Four small states—Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland—accepted the expansion of congressional power. Later in life, Madison explained that this was a result of the Great Compromise. Once the small states were assured they would be represented in the new government, they \"exceeded all others in zeal\" for a strong national government." }

[ "what took place at the constitutional convention of 1787", "The result of the convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States.", "was slavery an important topic in it?", "Yes.", "was anything done to stop it?", "Congress would have the power to ban the international slave trade, but not for another twenty years. In exchange for this concession, the federal government's power to regulate foreign commerce would be strengthened by provisions that allowed for taxation of slave trades in the international market.", "what else did the convention include?", "Tthe delegates worked to define the powers of Congress.", "where in u.s did it happen ?", "July 17." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:6129088", "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States) [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The Constitutional Convention (contemporarily known as the Federal Convention, the Philadelphia Convention, or the Grand Convention at Philadelphia) took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in the old Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia. Although the convention was intended to revise the league of states and first system of government under the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison of Virginia and Alexander Hamilton of New York, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington of Virginia, former commanding general of the Continental Army in the late American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) and proponent of a stronger national government, to become President of the convention." }

[ "what took place at the constitutional convention of 1787", "The result of the convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States.", "was slavery an important topic in it?", "Yes.", "was anything done to stop it?", "Congress would have the power to ban the international slave trade, but not for another twenty years. In exchange for this concession, the federal government's power to regulate foreign commerce would be strengthened by provisions that allowed for taxation of slave trades in the international market.", "what else did the convention include?", "Tthe delegates worked to define the powers of Congress.", "where in u.s did it happen ?", "July 17.", "which place or hall did it happen?", "The old Pennsylvania State House." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:6129100", "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States) [SEP] Madison's blueprint", "text": "James Madison of Virginia arrived in Philadelphia eleven days early and determined to set the convention's agenda. Before the convention, Madison studied republics and confederacies throughout history, such as ancient Greece and contemporary Switzerland. In April 1787, he drafted a document entitled \"Vices of the Political System of the United States\", which systematically evaluated the American political system and offered solutions for its weaknesses. Due to his advance preparation, Madison's blueprint for constitutional revision became the starting point for the convention's deliberations. Madison believed the solution to America's problems was to be found in a strong central government. Congress needed compulsory taxation authority as well as power to regulate foreign and interstate commerce." }

[ "what took place at the constitutional convention of 1787", "The result of the convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States.", "was slavery an important topic in it?", "Yes.", "was anything done to stop it?", "Congress would have the power to ban the international slave trade, but not for another twenty years. In exchange for this concession, the federal government's power to regulate foreign commerce would be strengthened by provisions that allowed for taxation of slave trades in the international market.", "what else did the convention include?", "Tthe delegates worked to define the powers of Congress.", "where in u.s did it happen ?", "July 17.", "which place or hall did it happen?", "The old Pennsylvania State House.", "who initiated this?", "James Madison." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:7693303", "title": "James Madison [SEP] Introduction", "text": "James Madison (March 16, 1751June 28, 1836) was an American statesman, diplomat, expansionist, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He is hailed as the \"Father of the Constitution\" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the United States Bill of Rights. He co-wrote \"The Federalist Papers\", co-founded the Democratic-Republican Party, and served as the fifth United States Secretary of State from 1801 to 1809. Born into a prominent Virginia planter family, Madison served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates and the Continental Congress during and after the American Revolutionary War." }

[ "what took place at the constitutional convention of 1787", "The result of the convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States.", "was slavery an important topic in it?", "Yes.", "was anything done to stop it?", "Congress would have the power to ban the international slave trade, but not for another twenty years. In exchange for this concession, the federal government's power to regulate foreign commerce would be strengthened by provisions that allowed for taxation of slave trades in the international market.", "what else did the convention include?", "Tthe delegates worked to define the powers of Congress.", "where in u.s did it happen ?", "July 17.", "which place or hall did it happen?", "The old Pennsylvania State House.", "who initiated this?", "James Madison.", "who was he?", "He was an American statesman, diplomat, expansionist, philosopher, and Founding Father." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:7693303", "title": "James Madison [SEP] Introduction", "text": "James Madison (March 16, 1751June 28, 1836) was an American statesman, diplomat, expansionist, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He is hailed as the \"Father of the Constitution\" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the United States Bill of Rights. He co-wrote \"The Federalist Papers\", co-founded the Democratic-Republican Party, and served as the fifth United States Secretary of State from 1801 to 1809. Born into a prominent Virginia planter family, Madison served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates and the Continental Congress during and after the American Revolutionary War." }

[ "what took place at the constitutional convention of 1787", "The result of the convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States.", "was slavery an important topic in it?", "Yes.", "was anything done to stop it?", "Congress would have the power to ban the international slave trade, but not for another twenty years. In exchange for this concession, the federal government's power to regulate foreign commerce would be strengthened by provisions that allowed for taxation of slave trades in the international market.", "what else did the convention include?", "Tthe delegates worked to define the powers of Congress.", "where in u.s did it happen ?", "July 17.", "which place or hall did it happen?", "The old Pennsylvania State House.", "who initiated this?", "James Madison.", "who was he?", "He was an American statesman, diplomat, expansionist, philosopher, and Founding Father.", "when was he born?", "March 16, 1751." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:7693310", "title": "James Madison [SEP] Early life and education", "text": "He remained at the College of New Jersey to study Hebrew and political philosophy under President John Witherspoon before returning home to Montpelier in early 1772. His ideas on philosophy and morality were strongly shaped by Witherspoon, who converted Madison to the philosophy, values, and modes of thinking of the Age of Enlightenment. Biographer Terence Ball says that at the College of New Jersey: After returning to Montpelier, without a chosen career, Madison served as a tutor to his younger siblings. Madison began to study law books on his own in 1773. Madison asked Princeton friend William Bradford, a law apprentice under Edward Shippen in Philadelphia, to send him an ordered written plan on reading law books." }

[ "what took place at the constitutional convention of 1787", "The result of the convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States.", "was slavery an important topic in it?", "Yes.", "was anything done to stop it?", "Congress would have the power to ban the international slave trade, but not for another twenty years. In exchange for this concession, the federal government's power to regulate foreign commerce would be strengthened by provisions that allowed for taxation of slave trades in the international market.", "what else did the convention include?", "Tthe delegates worked to define the powers of Congress.", "where in u.s did it happen ?", "July 17.", "which place or hall did it happen?", "The old Pennsylvania State House.", "who initiated this?", "James Madison.", "who was he?", "He was an American statesman, diplomat, expansionist, philosopher, and Founding Father.", "when was he born?", "March 16, 1751.", "where did he study?", "College of New Jersey." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:7693340", "title": "James Madison [SEP] Founding the Democratic-Republican Party", "text": "Because the Constitution's rules essentially precluded Jefferson from challenging Adams, the party backed New York Governor George Clinton for the vice presidency, but Adams won re-election by a comfortable electoral vote margin. With Jefferson out of office after 1793, Madison became the de facto leader of the Democratic-Republican Party. When Britain and France went to war in 1793, the U.S. was caught in the middle. While the differences between the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists had previously centered on economic matters, foreign policy became an increasingly important issue as Madison and Jefferson favored France and Hamilton favored Britain. War with Britain became imminent in 1794 after the British seized hundreds of American ships that were trading with French colonies." }

[ "what took place at the constitutional convention of 1787", "The result of the convention was the creation of the Constitution of the United States.", "was slavery an important topic in it?", "Yes.", "was anything done to stop it?", "Congress would have the power to ban the international slave trade, but not for another twenty years. In exchange for this concession, the federal government's power to regulate foreign commerce would be strengthened by provisions that allowed for taxation of slave trades in the international market.", "what else did the convention include?", "Tthe delegates worked to define the powers of Congress.", "where in u.s did it happen ?", "July 17.", "which place or hall did it happen?", "The old Pennsylvania State House.", "who initiated this?", "James Madison.", "who was he?", "He was an American statesman, diplomat, expansionist, philosopher, and Founding Father.", "when was he born?", "March 16, 1751.", "where did he study?", "College of New Jersey.", "was he the founder of any party?", "Democratic-Republican Party." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:7693303", "title": "James Madison [SEP] Introduction", "text": "James Madison (March 16, 1751June 28, 1836) was an American statesman, diplomat, expansionist, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He is hailed as the \"Father of the Constitution\" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the United States Bill of Rights. He co-wrote \"The Federalist Papers\", co-founded the Democratic-Republican Party, and served as the fifth United States Secretary of State from 1801 to 1809. Born into a prominent Virginia planter family, Madison served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates and the Continental Congress during and after the American Revolutionary War." }

[]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:5405462", "title": "Rohan (Middle-earth) [SEP] Borders", "text": "Rohan is bordered to the north by the Fangorn forest, home to the Ents (tree-giants) led by Treebeard, and by the great river Anduin, called Langflood by the Rohirrim. To the northeast are the walls of Emyn Muil. After the War of the Ring, the kingdom is extended northwards over the Limlight to the borders of Lothlórien. To the east are the mouths of the River Entwash, and the Mering Stream, which separated Rohan from the Gondorian province of Anórien, known to the Rohirrim as Sunlending. To the south lie the White Mountains (\"Ered Nimrais\"). To the west are the rivers Adorn and Isen, where Rohan borders the land of the Dunlendings." }

[ "where is rohan in lord of the rings", "It is bordered to the north by the Fangorn forest, to the northeast are the walls of Emyn Mui, to the east are the mouths of the River Entwash, and the Mering Stream, to the south lie the White Mountains and to the west are the rivers Adorn and Isen." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:5405458", "title": "Rohan (Middle-earth) [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Rohan is a kingdom of horsemen, the Rohirrim, in J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy setting of Middle-earth. It is mainly a grassland, and provides its ally Gondor with cavalry. Rohan is grounded in Anglo-Saxon tradition, poetry, and linguistics, in everything but its use of horses. Tolkien used Old English for the kingdom's language and names, pretending that this was in translation of Rohirric. Meduseld, King Théoden's hall, is modelled on Heorot, the great hall in \"Beowulf\". In \"The Lord of the Rings\", Rohan is important in the action, first against the wizard Saruman in the Battle of the Hornburg, and then in the climactic Battle of the Pelennor Fields." }

[ "where is rohan in lord of the rings", "It is bordered to the north by the Fangorn forest, to the northeast are the walls of Emyn Mui, to the east are the mouths of the River Entwash, and the Mering Stream, to the south lie the White Mountains and to the west are the rivers Adorn and Isen.", "how did it get it's name?", "Tolkien used Old English for the kingdom's language and names." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:5405464", "title": "Rohan (Middle-earth) [SEP] Capital", "text": "The capital of Rohan is the fortified town of Edoras, on a hill in a valley of the White Mountains. \"Edoras\" is Old English for \"enclosures\". The town of Edoras was built by Rohan's second King, Brego son of Eorl the Young. The hill on which Edoras is built stands in the mouth of the valley of Harrowdale. The river Snowbourn flows past the town on its way east towards the Entwash. The town is protected by a high wall of timber. Meduseld, the Golden Hall of the Kings of Rohan, is in the centre of the town at the top of the hill." }

[ "where is rohan in lord of the rings", "It is bordered to the north by the Fangorn forest, to the northeast are the walls of Emyn Mui, to the east are the mouths of the River Entwash, and the Mering Stream, to the south lie the White Mountains and to the west are the rivers Adorn and Isen.", "how did it get it's name?", "Tolkien used Old English for the kingdom's language and names.", "which is it's capital city?", "Edoras." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:5405475", "title": "Rohan (Middle-earth) [SEP] Language", "text": "Tolkien generally called the language simply \"the language of Rohan\" or \"of the Rohirrim\". The adjectival form \"Rohirric\" is common; Tolkien once also used \"Rohanese\". Like many languages of Men, it is akin to Adûnaic, the language of Númenóreans, and therefore to the Westron or Common Speech. The Rohirrim called their homeland the \"Riddermark,\" a modernization by Tolkien of Old Englis] \"Riddena-mearc\", meaning, according to the Index to \"The Lord of the Rings\", \"the border country of the knights\"; also \"Éo-marc\", the \"Horse-mark\", or simply the \"Mark\". They call themselves the \"Éorlingas\", the Sons of Éorl. Tolkien rendered the language of the Riders of Rohan, Rohirric, as the Mercian dialect of Old English." }

[ "where is rohan in lord of the rings", "It is bordered to the north by the Fangorn forest, to the northeast are the walls of Emyn Mui, to the east are the mouths of the River Entwash, and the Mering Stream, to the south lie the White Mountains and to the west are the rivers Adorn and Isen.", "how did it get it's name?", "Tolkien used Old English for the kingdom's language and names.", "which is it's capital city?", "Edoras.", "which language is spoken there?", "Rohirric or Rohanese." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:5405475", "title": "Rohan (Middle-earth) [SEP] Language", "text": "Tolkien generally called the language simply \"the language of Rohan\" or \"of the Rohirrim\". The adjectival form \"Rohirric\" is common; Tolkien once also used \"Rohanese\". Like many languages of Men, it is akin to Adûnaic, the language of Númenóreans, and therefore to the Westron or Common Speech. The Rohirrim called their homeland the \"Riddermark,\" a modernization by Tolkien of Old Englis] \"Riddena-mearc\", meaning, according to the Index to \"The Lord of the Rings\", \"the border country of the knights\"; also \"Éo-marc\", the \"Horse-mark\", or simply the \"Mark\". They call themselves the \"Éorlingas\", the Sons of Éorl. Tolkien rendered the language of the Riders of Rohan, Rohirric, as the Mercian dialect of Old English." }

[ "where is rohan in lord of the rings", "It is bordered to the north by the Fangorn forest, to the northeast are the walls of Emyn Mui, to the east are the mouths of the River Entwash, and the Mering Stream, to the south lie the White Mountains and to the west are the rivers Adorn and Isen.", "how did it get it's name?", "Tolkien used Old English for the kingdom's language and names.", "which is it's capital city?", "Edoras.", "which language is spoken there?", "Rohirric or Rohanese.", "has it appeared in any form of art?", "UNANSWERABLE" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:5405472", "title": "Rohan (Middle-earth) [SEP] People", "text": "The Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey notes that Tolkien derived theemblem of the House of Éorl, a \"white horse upon green\", from the Uffington White Horse carved into the grass of the chalk downs in England. While Tolkien represents the Rohirrim with Anglo-Saxon culture and language, their ancestors are given Gothic attributes. The names of Rhovanion's royal family, (the ancestors of the Rohirrim), include such names as Vidugavia, Vidumavi and Vinitharya, which are of Gothic origin. Vidugavia specifically has been seen as an synonym for Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths in Italy from 536 to 540. Tolkien saw this as a parallel with the real-world relationship between Old English and Gothic." }

[ "where is rohan in lord of the rings", "It is bordered to the north by the Fangorn forest, to the northeast are the walls of Emyn Mui, to the east are the mouths of the River Entwash, and the Mering Stream, to the south lie the White Mountains and to the west are the rivers Adorn and Isen.", "how did it get it's name?", "Tolkien used Old English for the kingdom's language and names.", "which is it's capital city?", "Edoras.", "which language is spoken there?", "Rohirric or Rohanese.", "has it appeared in any form of art?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what kind of people can we find here?", "They have an Anglo-Saxon culture and language, with Gothic attributes." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:5405473", "title": "Rohan (Middle-earth) [SEP] Horses and warfare", "text": "The armies of Rohan were largely horsemen. The basic tactical unit was the \"éored\", Old English for \"a unit of cavalry, a troop\", which at the time of the War of the Ring had a nominal strength of 120 riders. In time of war, every able man was obliged to join the Muster of Rohan. Rohan was bound by the Oath of Éorl to help Gondor in times of peril, and the latter asked for their aid through the giving of the Red Arrow. This has a historical antecedent in the Old English poem \"Elene\", in which Constantine the Great summoned an army of mounted Visigoths to his aid against the Huns by sending an arrow as a \"token of war\"." }

[ "where is rohan in lord of the rings", "It is bordered to the north by the Fangorn forest, to the northeast are the walls of Emyn Mui, to the east are the mouths of the River Entwash, and the Mering Stream, to the south lie the White Mountains and to the west are the rivers Adorn and Isen.", "how did it get it's name?", "Tolkien used Old English for the kingdom's language and names.", "which is it's capital city?", "Edoras.", "which language is spoken there?", "Rohirric or Rohanese.", "has it appeared in any form of art?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what kind of people can we find here?", "They have an Anglo-Saxon culture and language, with Gothic attributes.", "what different animals can be seen here?", "Horses." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:5405483", "title": "Rohan (Middle-earth) [SEP] War of the Ring", "text": "Saruman used his influence through the traitor Grima Wormtongue to weaken Théoden. Saruman then launched an invasion of Rohan, with victory in early battles at the Fords of Isen, killing Théoden's son, Théodred. Saruman was defeated at the Battle of the Hornburg, where the tree-like Huorns came from the forest of Fangorn to help the Rohirrim. Théoden then rode with his army to Minas Tirith, helping to break its siege in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields and killing the leader of the Haradrim, but was killed when his horse fell. He was succeeded by his nephew Éomer. His niece Éowyn killed the Lord of the Nazgûl." }

[ "where is rohan in lord of the rings", "It is bordered to the north by the Fangorn forest, to the northeast are the walls of Emyn Mui, to the east are the mouths of the River Entwash, and the Mering Stream, to the south lie the White Mountains and to the west are the rivers Adorn and Isen.", "how did it get it's name?", "Tolkien used Old English for the kingdom's language and names.", "which is it's capital city?", "Edoras.", "which language is spoken there?", "Rohirric or Rohanese.", "has it appeared in any form of art?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what kind of people can we find here?", "They have an Anglo-Saxon culture and language, with Gothic attributes.", "what different animals can be seen here?", "Horses.", "did the place witness any war?", "Yes, the Battle of the Pelennor Fields." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:5405483", "title": "Rohan (Middle-earth) [SEP] War of the Ring", "text": "Saruman used his influence through the traitor Grima Wormtongue to weaken Théoden. Saruman then launched an invasion of Rohan, with victory in early battles at the Fords of Isen, killing Théoden's son, Théodred. Saruman was defeated at the Battle of the Hornburg, where the tree-like Huorns came from the forest of Fangorn to help the Rohirrim. Théoden then rode with his army to Minas Tirith, helping to break its siege in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields and killing the leader of the Haradrim, but was killed when his horse fell. He was succeeded by his nephew Éomer. His niece Éowyn killed the Lord of the Nazgûl." }

[ "where is rohan in lord of the rings", "It is bordered to the north by the Fangorn forest, to the northeast are the walls of Emyn Mui, to the east are the mouths of the River Entwash, and the Mering Stream, to the south lie the White Mountains and to the west are the rivers Adorn and Isen.", "how did it get it's name?", "Tolkien used Old English for the kingdom's language and names.", "which is it's capital city?", "Edoras.", "which language is spoken there?", "Rohirric or Rohanese.", "has it appeared in any form of art?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what kind of people can we find here?", "They have an Anglo-Saxon culture and language, with Gothic attributes.", "what different animals can be seen here?", "Horses.", "did the place witness any war?", "Yes, the Battle of the Pelennor Fields.", "when did it happen?", "UNANSWERABLE" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:4743732", "title": "Battle of the Pelennor Fields [SEP] Participants", "text": "Sauron's army from Minas Morgul, led by the Witch-king of Angmar (chief of the Nazgûl) greatly outnumbered the combined armies of Gondor and its allies. This army consisted of some 150,000 orcs, trolls, and Men who had allied with Sauron. Sauron's forces included Haradrim Southrons who brought elephantine beasts, Easterlings from Rhûn and Variags from Khand, and many Orcs and Trolls. Tolkien describes the army as the greatest to \"issue from that vale since the days of Isildur's might, no host so fell and strong in arms had yet assailed the fords of Anduin; and yet it was but one and not the greatest of the hosts that Mordor now sent forth.\" The defenders' numbers were considerably less." }

[ "where is rohan in lord of the rings", "It is bordered to the north by the Fangorn forest, to the northeast are the walls of Emyn Mui, to the east are the mouths of the River Entwash, and the Mering Stream, to the south lie the White Mountains and to the west are the rivers Adorn and Isen.", "how did it get it's name?", "Tolkien used Old English for the kingdom's language and names.", "which is it's capital city?", "Edoras.", "which language is spoken there?", "Rohirric or Rohanese.", "has it appeared in any form of art?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what kind of people can we find here?", "They have an Anglo-Saxon culture and language, with Gothic attributes.", "what different animals can be seen here?", "Horses.", "did the place witness any war?", "Yes, the Battle of the Pelennor Fields.", "when did it happen?", "UNANSWERABLE", "who all take part in this?", "Sauron's army, armies of Gondor and Rohan." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:4743729", "title": "Battle of the Pelennor Fields [SEP] Introduction", "text": "In J. R. R. Tolkien's novel \"The Lord of the Rings\", the Battle of the Pelennor Fields [pɛˈlɛnnɔr] was the defence of the city of Minas Tirith by the forces of Gondor and the cavalry of its ally Rohan, against the forces of the Dark Lord Sauron from Mordor and its allies the Haradrim and the Easterlings. It was the largest battle in the War of the Ring. It took place at the end of the Third Age in the Pelennor Fields, the townlands and fields between Minas Tirith and the River Anduin. Scholars have compared the battle with the historic account of the Battle of the Catalaunian Fields where King Theodoric I was trampled to death by his own men after he fell from his horse." }

[]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:17788156", "title": "Fred Dibnah [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Toward the end of his life, the decline of Britain's industry was mirrored by a decline in his steeplejacking business and Dibnah increasingly came to rely on public appearances and after-dinner speaking to support his income. In 1998, he presented a programme on Britain's industrial history and went on to present a number of series, largely concerned with the Industrial Revolution and its mechanical and architectural legacy." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:17788154", "title": "Fred Dibnah [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Frederick Travis Dibnah, (29 April 1938 – 6 November 2004) was an English steeplejack and television personality, with a keen interest in mechanical engineering. When Dibnah was born, Britain relied heavily upon coal to fuel its industry. As a child he was fascinated by the steam engines which powered the many textile mills in Bolton, but he paid particular attention to chimneys and the men who worked on them. He began his working life as a joiner, before becoming a steeplejack. From age 22, he served for two years in the Army Catering Corps of the British Army, undertaking his National Service." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:17788163", "title": "Fred Dibnah [SEP] As a young man", "text": "On one occasion, he was cleaning the flue using a sack of bricks tied to a rope when the sack ripped open, breaking several pipes and flooding his mother's kitchen. After the death of his mother, the house was sold and the council placed a preservation order on the chimney, which remains to this day." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:17788170", "title": "Fred Dibnah [SEP] First marriage", "text": "In 1967, following disagreements over who should be invited to their wedding, Dibnah and 19-year-old hairdresser Alison Mary Foster eloped to Gretna Green, to get married. Dibnah had first spotted Alison from the top of a chimney and, when one day she walked into the pub where he was drinking, he asked her out; six weeks later, the two became engaged. They left notes for their parents, caught a train to Carlisle and from there on a series of 'buses to Dumfries. They had initially planned to stay at the house of a friend but as he had returned to Bolton for his holidays, they stayed instead at a local farmhouse." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly", "was he married?", "Yes. To Alison Mary Foster and then Susan Lorenz" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:17788184", "title": "Fred Dibnah [SEP] \"Fred Dibnah, Steeplejack\"", "text": "Visitors would arrive at his house, to see his garden. He began to receive fan mail; one individual wrote to offer Dibnah a steam-powered machine he no longer wanted. One company, who were apparently disturbed to see Dibnah's matches being extinguished by the wind while at the top of a chimney, sent him a sample of their windproof matches. Filming would also interfere with his work. Cameraman Martin Lightening would climb with Dibnah to the top of a chimney—with a 16mm film camera—and film him at work, often hundreds of feet above the ground." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly", "was he married?", "Yes. To Alison Mary Foster and then Susan Lorenz", "did he do any television show?", "Yes. BBC Look North West interviewed him" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:17788194", "title": "Fred Dibnah [SEP] Illness", "text": "Dibnah was the chairman of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal Society and an episode on the construction of Britain's canal network was therefore of particular interest to him. Toward the end of filming, Dibnah went to Bolton Royal Hospital for a check-up, where a tumour was found on his right kidney. The kidney was removed and the tumour was found to be malignant. He went to Christie Hospital in Manchester, where further growths were discovered around his bladder. On the same day, Sheila's father fell from the roof of his house and died. Dibnah underwent chemotherapy and once his treatment was finished tests showed that he was free of cancer." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly", "was he married?", "Yes. To Alison Mary Foster and then Susan Lorenz", "did he do any television show?", "Yes. BBC Look North West interviewed him", "did he suffer from any disease?", "Yes. He had a malignant tumor on his right kidney" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:17788205", "title": "Fred Dibnah [SEP] Honours", "text": "He initially planned to drive his traction engine into the palace grounds, but was refused as the Royal Parks Agency feared that its weight would damage the surface of The Mall. Eventually he was allowed to drive the engine to Wellington Barracks, a short distance from the palace. He collected his medal wearing morning dress and a top hat." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly", "was he married?", "Yes. To Alison Mary Foster and then Susan Lorenz", "did he do any television show?", "Yes. BBC Look North West interviewed him", "did he suffer from any disease?", "Yes. He had a malignant tumor on his right kidney", "how was he honored?", "He was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Technology and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:17788205", "title": "Fred Dibnah [SEP] Honours", "text": "He initially planned to drive his traction engine into the palace grounds, but was refused as the Royal Parks Agency feared that its weight would damage the surface of The Mall. Eventually he was allowed to drive the engine to Wellington Barracks, a short distance from the palace. He collected his medal wearing morning dress and a top hat." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly", "was he married?", "Yes. To Alison Mary Foster and then Susan Lorenz", "did he do any television show?", "Yes. BBC Look North West interviewed him", "did he suffer from any disease?", "Yes. He had a malignant tumor on his right kidney", "how was he honored?", "He was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Technology and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire", "which university did award him the degree?", "Robert Gordon University and University of Birmingham" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:13326803", "title": "Robert Gordon University [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Robert Gordon University, commonly called RGU, is a public university in the city of Aberdeen, Scotland. It became a university in 1992, and originated from an educational institution founded in the 18th century by Robert Gordon, a prosperous Aberdeen merchant, and various institutions which provided adult education and technical education in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is one of two universities in the city (the other is the much older University of Aberdeen). RGU is a campus university and its single campus in Aberdeen is at Garthdee, in the south-west of the city. The university awards degrees in a wide range of disciplines from BA/BSc to PhD, primarily in professional, technical, health and artistic disciplines and those most applicable to business and industry." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly", "was he married?", "Yes. To Alison Mary Foster and then Susan Lorenz", "did he do any television show?", "Yes. BBC Look North West interviewed him", "did he suffer from any disease?", "Yes. He had a malignant tumor on his right kidney", "how was he honored?", "He was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Technology and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire", "which university did award him the degree?", "Robert Gordon University and University of Birmingham", "who founded the former?", "Robert Gordon" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:13326803", "title": "Robert Gordon University [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Robert Gordon University, commonly called RGU, is a public university in the city of Aberdeen, Scotland. It became a university in 1992, and originated from an educational institution founded in the 18th century by Robert Gordon, a prosperous Aberdeen merchant, and various institutions which provided adult education and technical education in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is one of two universities in the city (the other is the much older University of Aberdeen). RGU is a campus university and its single campus in Aberdeen is at Garthdee, in the south-west of the city. The university awards degrees in a wide range of disciplines from BA/BSc to PhD, primarily in professional, technical, health and artistic disciplines and those most applicable to business and industry." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly", "was he married?", "Yes. To Alison Mary Foster and then Susan Lorenz", "did he do any television show?", "Yes. BBC Look North West interviewed him", "did he suffer from any disease?", "Yes. He had a malignant tumor on his right kidney", "how was he honored?", "He was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Technology and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire", "which university did award him the degree?", "Robert Gordon University and University of Birmingham", "who founded the former?", "Robert Gordon", "when?", "It became a university in 1992 but the original educational institution was founded in the 18th century" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:13326803", "title": "Robert Gordon University [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Robert Gordon University, commonly called RGU, is a public university in the city of Aberdeen, Scotland. It became a university in 1992, and originated from an educational institution founded in the 18th century by Robert Gordon, a prosperous Aberdeen merchant, and various institutions which provided adult education and technical education in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is one of two universities in the city (the other is the much older University of Aberdeen). RGU is a campus university and its single campus in Aberdeen is at Garthdee, in the south-west of the city. The university awards degrees in a wide range of disciplines from BA/BSc to PhD, primarily in professional, technical, health and artistic disciplines and those most applicable to business and industry." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly", "was he married?", "Yes. To Alison Mary Foster and then Susan Lorenz", "did he do any television show?", "Yes. BBC Look North West interviewed him", "did he suffer from any disease?", "Yes. He had a malignant tumor on his right kidney", "how was he honored?", "He was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Technology and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire", "which university did award him the degree?", "Robert Gordon University and University of Birmingham", "who founded the former?", "Robert Gordon", "when?", "It became a university in 1992 but the original educational institution was founded in the 18th century", "who all include in the list of famous graduates from the university?", "UNANSWERABLE" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:19539373", "title": "University of Birmingham [SEP] Introduction", "text": "The University of Birmingham (informally Birmingham University) is a public research university located in Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom. It received its royal charter in 1900 as a successor to Queen's College, Birmingham (founded in 1825 as the Birmingham School of Medicine and Surgery) and Mason Science College (established in 1875 by Sir Josiah Mason), making it the first English civic or 'red brick' university to receive its own royal charter. It is a founding member of both the Russell Group of British research universities and the international network of research universities, Universitas 21. The student population includes undergraduate and postgraduate students, which is the largest in the UK (out of )." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly", "was he married?", "Yes. To Alison Mary Foster and then Susan Lorenz", "did he do any television show?", "Yes. BBC Look North West interviewed him", "did he suffer from any disease?", "Yes. He had a malignant tumor on his right kidney", "how was he honored?", "He was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Technology and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire", "which university did award him the degree?", "Robert Gordon University and University of Birmingham", "who founded the former?", "Robert Gordon", "when?", "It became a university in 1992 but the original educational institution was founded in the 18th century", "who all include in the list of famous graduates from the university?", "UNANSWERABLE", "where is the other university located?", "Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:24984784", "title": "Edgbaston [SEP] Sport", "text": "Warwickshire County Cricket Club is based at the Edgbaston Cricket Ground, the area historically being part of Warwickshire. As well as hosting regular county matches, the ground plays host to the England cricket team during one day internationals and test matches. The area also has a world class tennis venue; The Edgbaston Priory Club. The DFS Classic for female players has been held there every year since 1982 and some of the world's top players participate. The tournament is part of the WTA Tour and wins count towards world rankings. The oldest lawn tennis club in the world, the Edgbaston Archery and Lawn Tennis Society, founded in 1860 is nearby." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly", "was he married?", "Yes. To Alison Mary Foster and then Susan Lorenz", "did he do any television show?", "Yes. BBC Look North West interviewed him", "did he suffer from any disease?", "Yes. He had a malignant tumor on his right kidney", "how was he honored?", "He was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Technology and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire", "which university did award him the degree?", "Robert Gordon University and University of Birmingham", "who founded the former?", "Robert Gordon", "when?", "It became a university in 1992 but the original educational institution was founded in the 18th century", "who all include in the list of famous graduates from the university?", "UNANSWERABLE", "where is the other university located?", "Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom", "which sport is encouraged in the first place?", "Cricket, tennis and golf" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:19615305", "title": "Tennis [SEP] Equipment", "text": "Part of the appeal of tennis stems from the simplicity of equipment required for play. Beginners need only a racket and balls." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly", "was he married?", "Yes. To Alison Mary Foster and then Susan Lorenz", "did he do any television show?", "Yes. BBC Look North West interviewed him", "did he suffer from any disease?", "Yes. He had a malignant tumor on his right kidney", "how was he honored?", "He was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Technology and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire", "which university did award him the degree?", "Robert Gordon University and University of Birmingham", "who founded the former?", "Robert Gordon", "when?", "It became a university in 1992 but the original educational institution was founded in the 18th century", "who all include in the list of famous graduates from the university?", "UNANSWERABLE", "where is the other university located?", "Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom", "which sport is encouraged in the first place?", "Cricket, tennis and golf", "which are the equipment related to the second sport?", "Racket and balls" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:19615300", "title": "Tennis [SEP] Origins of the modern game", "text": "Between 1859 and 1865 Harry Gem, a solicitor and his friend Augurio Perera developed a game that combined elements of racquets and the Basque ball game pelota, which they played on Perera's croquet lawn in Birmingham in England. In 1872, along with two local doctors, they founded the world's first tennis club on Avenue Road, Leamington Spa. This is where \"lawn tennis\" was used as a name of activity by a club for the first time. After Leamington, the second club to take up the game of lawn tennis appears to have been the Edgbaston Archery and Croquet Society, also in Birmingham." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly", "was he married?", "Yes. To Alison Mary Foster and then Susan Lorenz", "did he do any television show?", "Yes. BBC Look North West interviewed him", "did he suffer from any disease?", "Yes. He had a malignant tumor on his right kidney", "how was he honored?", "He was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Technology and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire", "which university did award him the degree?", "Robert Gordon University and University of Birmingham", "who founded the former?", "Robert Gordon", "when?", "It became a university in 1992 but the original educational institution was founded in the 18th century", "who all include in the list of famous graduates from the university?", "UNANSWERABLE", "where is the other university located?", "Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom", "which sport is encouraged in the first place?", "Cricket, tennis and golf", "which are the equipment related to the second sport?", "Racket and balls", "where did the game originate from?", "Birmingham in England" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:19615369", "title": "Tennis [SEP] Grand Slam tournaments", "text": "The four Grand Slam tournaments are considered to be the most prestigious tennis events in the world. They are held annually and comprise, in chronological order, the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open. Apart from the Olympic Games, Davis Cup, Fed Cup, and Hopman Cup, they are the only tournaments regulated by the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The ITF's national associations, Tennis Australia (Australian Open), the Fédération Française de Tennis (French Open), the Lawn Tennis Association (Wimbledon) and the United States Tennis Association (US Open) are delegated the responsibility to organize these events. Aside from the historical significance of these events, they also carry larger prize funds than any other tour event and are worth double the number of ranking points to the champion than in the next echelon of tournaments, the Masters 1000 (men) and Premier events (women)." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly", "was he married?", "Yes. To Alison Mary Foster and then Susan Lorenz", "did he do any television show?", "Yes. BBC Look North West interviewed him", "did he suffer from any disease?", "Yes. He had a malignant tumor on his right kidney", "how was he honored?", "He was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Technology and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire", "which university did award him the degree?", "Robert Gordon University and University of Birmingham", "who founded the former?", "Robert Gordon", "when?", "It became a university in 1992 but the original educational institution was founded in the 18th century", "who all include in the list of famous graduates from the university?", "UNANSWERABLE", "where is the other university located?", "Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom", "which sport is encouraged in the first place?", "Cricket, tennis and golf", "which are the equipment related to the second sport?", "Racket and balls", "where did the game originate from?", "Birmingham in England", "can you name the major tournament of it?", "Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:8300018", "title": "Australian Open [SEP] Television coverage", "text": "From 1973 to 2018, the Seven Network served as the host broadcaster of the Australian Open. In March 2018, it was announced that the Nine Network had acquired the rights to the tournament beginning in 2020, for a period of five years. The network later bought the rights for the 2019 tournament as well. The Open's broadcast rights are lucrative in the country, as it occurs near the end of the Summer non-ratings season — which gives its broadcaster opportunities to promote their upcoming programming lineup. In Europe the tournament is broadcast on Eurosport. Other broadcasters in the region have included the BBC in the United Kingdom, SRG in Switzerland, NOS in Netherlands and RTS in Serbia." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly", "was he married?", "Yes. To Alison Mary Foster and then Susan Lorenz", "did he do any television show?", "Yes. BBC Look North West interviewed him", "did he suffer from any disease?", "Yes. He had a malignant tumor on his right kidney", "how was he honored?", "He was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Technology and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire", "which university did award him the degree?", "Robert Gordon University and University of Birmingham", "who founded the former?", "Robert Gordon", "when?", "It became a university in 1992 but the original educational institution was founded in the 18th century", "who all include in the list of famous graduates from the university?", "UNANSWERABLE", "where is the other university located?", "Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom", "which sport is encouraged in the first place?", "Cricket, tennis and golf", "which are the equipment related to the second sport?", "Racket and balls", "where did the game originate from?", "Birmingham in England", "can you name the major tournament of it?", "Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open", "which channel does the coverage the first one?", "Seven Network and then Nine Network" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:8300021", "title": "Australian Open [SEP] Prize money and trophies", "text": "The prize money awarded in the men's and women's singles tournaments is distributed equally. The total prize money for the 2020 tournament is AUD $71,000,000. The prize money distribution is as follows: Note: All amounts in Australian dollars. (The winner's prize money approximates to GBP £2,237,000; EUR €2,586,000; USD $2,953,000.) The names of the tournament winners are inscribed on the perpetual trophy cups." }

[ "who was fred dibnah?", "English steeplejack and television personality", "where did he study?", "UNANSWERABLE", "what did he work as in the beginning?", "He worked at a funeral parlor but left quickly", "was he married?", "Yes. To Alison Mary Foster and then Susan Lorenz", "did he do any television show?", "Yes. BBC Look North West interviewed him", "did he suffer from any disease?", "Yes. He had a malignant tumor on his right kidney", "how was he honored?", "He was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Technology and was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire", "which university did award him the degree?", "Robert Gordon University and University of Birmingham", "who founded the former?", "Robert Gordon", "when?", "It became a university in 1992 but the original educational institution was founded in the 18th century", "who all include in the list of famous graduates from the university?", "UNANSWERABLE", "where is the other university located?", "Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom", "which sport is encouraged in the first place?", "Cricket, tennis and golf", "which are the equipment related to the second sport?", "Racket and balls", "where did the game originate from?", "Birmingham in England", "can you name the major tournament of it?", "Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open", "which channel does the coverage the first one?", "Seven Network and then Nine Network", "how much money will be given for the winners?", "AUD $71,000,000 for 2020 tournament" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:8300021", "title": "Australian Open [SEP] Prize money and trophies", "text": "The prize money awarded in the men's and women's singles tournaments is distributed equally. The total prize money for the 2020 tournament is AUD $71,000,000. The prize money distribution is as follows: Note: All amounts in Australian dollars. (The winner's prize money approximates to GBP £2,237,000; EUR €2,586,000; USD $2,953,000.) The names of the tournament winners are inscribed on the perpetual trophy cups." }

[]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:12613009", "title": "Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States [SEP] Gender", "text": "Of the 114 justices, 110 (96.5%) have been men. All Supreme Court justices were males until 1981, when Ronald Reagan fulfilled his 1980 campaign promise to place a woman on the Court, which he did with the appointment of Sandra Day O'Connor. O'Connor was later joined on the Court by Ruth Bader Ginsburg, appointed by Bill Clinton in 1993. After O'Connor retired in 2006, Ginsburg would be joined by Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, who were successfully appointed to the Court in 2009 and 2010, respectively, by Barack Obama. In September 2020, following Ginsburg's death, Donald Trump nominated Amy Coney Barrett to succeed her." }

[ "who among the following was the first woman judge of supreme court", "Sandra Day O'Connor." ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:12612998", "title": "Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States [SEP] White justices", "text": "The vast majority of white justices have been Protestants of Northern European, Northwestern European, or Germanic descent. There have been several justices of Irish or Ulster Irish descent, with William Paterson born in Ireland to an Ulster Scots Protestant family and Joseph McKenna, Edward Douglas White, Pierce Butler, Frank Murphy, William J. Brennan Jr., Anthony Kennedy, and Brett Kavanaugh being of Irish Catholic origin. Up until the 1980s, only six justices of \"central, eastern, or southern European derivation\" had been appointed, and even among these six justices, five of them \"were of Germanic background, which includes Austrian, German-Bohemian, and Swiss origins (John Catron, Samuel F." }

[ "who among the following was the first woman judge of supreme court", "Sandra Day O'Connor.", "in which place was justice best shown?", "Northwestern Europe" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:11632102", "title": "Sandra Day O'Connor [SEP] Introduction", "text": "Sandra Day O'Connor (born March 26, 1930) is a retired attorney, politician, and the first woman Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, a position she held from 1981 until her retirement in 2006. She was the first woman nominated and confirmed. Nominated by Republican president Ronald Reagan, she was considered the swing vote for the Rehnquist Court and the beginning of the Roberts Court. Prior to O'Connor's tenure on the Court, she was a judge and an elected official in Arizona, serving as the first female majority leader of a state senate as the Republican leader in the Arizona Senate." }

[ "who among the following was the first woman judge of supreme court", "Sandra Day O'Connor.", "in which place was justice best shown?", "Northwestern Europe", "when was the above mentioned judge born?", "March 26, 1930" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:11632105", "title": "Sandra Day O'Connor [SEP] Early life and education", "text": "Sandra Day was born in El Paso, Texas, the daughter of Harry Alfred Day, a rancher, and Ada Mae (Wilkey). She grew up on a 198,000-acre cattle ranch near Duncan, Arizona. The ranch was nine miles from the nearest paved road. The family home did not have running water or electricity until Sandra was seven years old. As a youth she owned a .22-caliber rifle and would shoot coyotes and jackrabbits. She began driving as soon as she could see over the dashboard and had to learn to change flat tires herself. Sandra had two younger siblings, a sister and a brother, respectively eight and ten years her junior." }

[ "who among the following was the first woman judge of supreme court", "Sandra Day O'Connor.", "in which place was justice best shown?", "Northwestern Europe", "when was the above mentioned judge born?", "March 26, 1930", "and where was she born?", "El Paso, Texas" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:11632106", "title": "Sandra Day O'Connor [SEP] Early life and education", "text": "Her sister was Ann Day, who served in the Arizona Legislature. She later wrote a book with her brother, H. Alan Day, \"Lazy B: Growing up on a Cattle Ranch in the American West\" (2002), about her childhood experiences on the ranch. For most of her early schooling, O'Connor lived in El Paso with her maternal grandmother, and attended school at the Radford School for Girls, a private school. The family cattle ranch was too far from any schools, although O'Connor was able to return to the ranch for holidays and the summer. O'Connor spent her eighth-grade year living at the ranch and riding a bus 32 miles to school." }

[ "who among the following was the first woman judge of supreme court", "Sandra Day O'Connor.", "in which place was justice best shown?", "Northwestern Europe", "when was the above mentioned judge born?", "March 26, 1930", "and where was she born?", "El Paso, Texas", "where did she study from?", "Radford School for Girls" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:11632110", "title": "Sandra Day O'Connor [SEP] Early career and marriage", "text": "She worked with San Mateo County district attorney Louis Dematteis and deputy district attorney Keith Sorensen. When her husband was drafted, O'Connor decided to pick up and go with him to work in Germany as a civilian attorney for the Army's Quartermaster Corps. They remained there for three years before returning to the states where they settled in Maricopa County, Arizona, to begin their family. They had three sons: Scott (born 1958), Brian (born 1960), and Jay (born 1962). Following Brian's birth, O'Connor took a five-year hiatus from the practice of law." }

[ "who among the following was the first woman judge of supreme court", "Sandra Day O'Connor.", "in which place was justice best shown?", "Northwestern Europe", "when was the above mentioned judge born?", "March 26, 1930", "and where was she born?", "El Paso, Texas", "where did she study from?", "Radford School for Girls", "was she married?", "Yes with John Jay O'Connor III" ]

{ "Answer": [], "Topic": [], "Topic_section": [], "Rationale": [] }

{ "id": "wiki:11632110", "title": "Sandra Day O'Connor [SEP] Early career and marriage", "text": "She worked with San Mateo County district attorney Louis Dematteis and deputy district attorney Keith Sorensen. When her husband was drafted, O'Connor decided to pick up and go with him to work in Germany as a civilian attorney for the Army's Quartermaster Corps. They remained there for three years before returning to the states where they settled in Maricopa County, Arizona, to begin their family. They had three sons: Scott (born 1958), Brian (born 1960), and Jay (born 1962). Following Brian's birth, O'Connor took a five-year hiatus from the practice of law." }