Okoko kwange-1920s, ukwanda kolwazi nge-physics kwazitshintsha ii-theories zoosohhemist' ngokubhekiselele kwii-chemical reactions. ngeekhompyutha nje ezincinane nezikhawulezisayo, oosokhemisti bathi benza izixhobo ezikumgangatho ongentla ukuze ikwazi ukuphicotha izinto. Ezi zixhobo zazithunyelelwe ukuba zikwazi ukufunda nzulu iikhemicals ezikwiMars. Amapolisa akwasebenzisa ezi zixhobo ukuphanda nzulu ngobungqina obuvela kulwaphulo mthetho.