Gubban kessa lafa qoqqodama (layer) lama qaba: kan kessa tokko lithosphere gubbatti argamu yoo ta'u ofii kesssa immo crust fi gubba mantle jabba ofii kessa qaba. Jalla lithosphere immo asthenosphereit argama. Solid ta'ulle, yoo walitti madallan asthenospheriin viscosity fi shear strength diqqa qaba, akkasumas akka fesashi (geological time scalen) gaddii jiggu (lola'u) danda'a. Mantliin jalla kana asthenosphere jalatti argamu garu bayye jabba dha. Haa ta'u malee kuniin waan temprecherii qabana'a ta'ef miti, kuni waan dhibaan gudaan waan jirruf.