René Descartes (31 Werurwe 1596 - 11 Gashyantare 1650), yemeza ko matter iriho bidashingiye ku bumenyi cyangwa ku gushaka kwacu (objective reality). Kandi ko umuntu ashobora kuba yayigabanya ku buryo butagira iherezo. Yemeraga ko uduce twa matter (particules) duhora tugendagenda in motion/en mouvement kandi ko tudashobora kuzimangana, (indestructibles/industructibles). Yemeraga kandi ko na Roho ibaho, Descartes yari objective idealist. Muri icyo gihe Filozofi yateye imbere cyane cyane mu Budage (classic Germany philosophy/Philosophie classique allemande). Nicyo gihe abafilozofe bateje imbere cyane cyane igitekerezo mu bumenyi bw’isi n ibiyirimo.