Historians ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ James G. Randall ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ 1930s argued Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎵᏌᎳᏙᏗ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᏂᏣᏘ ᎤᎾᏓᏅᏖᏗ, ᎯᎠ breakdown ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎢᏯ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ, ᎯᎠ hardened Constitutional ᎾᎿ ᎠᏂᏙᎬ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ increasingly hostile sectional rhetoric ᎪᏢᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏰᎵ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎣᏏ ᎠᏰᎸᏗ ᎾᎿ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ. ᎤᏙᎯᏳᎢ, ᎯᎠ Crittenden ᎣᏍᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ rejected ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᏂᏴᏜ. ᏌᏊ ᏰᎵᏊ ""ᎣᏍᏛ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ"" ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᏙᎯ secession ᏚᏓᏂᎸᏨ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎹᏰᏟ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ ᎤᏢᏲᎵᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎣᏂᏱᏳ 1860—ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏍᏕᎸᎲ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ abolitionists—ᎠᎴ ᏥᏄᏍᏛᎩ rejected ᎾᎥᎢ James Buchanan ᎤᏤᎵ conservative Democrats ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏴᏜ leadership.