ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ (ᎾᏍᎦ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎠᏕᎳ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ) ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎨᏍᏗ ᎤᏯᎸᎩ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎦᎸᏉᏗ ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᎦᏂᏱᏍᎩ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ centuries ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏕᎳ, ᎠᏓᎾᏅ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᏣᏅᏙ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᎦᏂᏱᏍᎩ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏝᏅᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏛᏒ ᎤᎦᏔ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏅᏯ ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏩᎾᏕᏍᎩ ᏓᏍᏆᏂᎪᏛᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏌᏊ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᎦᏂᏱᏍᎩ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏩᏂᎨᎢ, ᎠᏨᏍᏛ, ᏓᎶᏂᎨ, ᎠᏫᏒᏗ, ᎦᏓᏆᎵ, ᎠᎴ ᎦᏓᏆᎵ (trivalent ᎠᎴ univalent) ᎠᎦᏲᎳᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᎦᏂᏱᏍᎩ. ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᏧᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎬᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ ᎠᏅᏬᏗ ᎠᎴ electronics. ᎠᏕᎸ ᏓᎶᏂᎨ ᏚᏙᏢᏒ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏅᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏕᎳ ᏰᎵᏊ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏒ ᎠᏕᎳ ᎠᏰᎵ ᎠᎲ (IMF) ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏕᎸ ᏗᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏒ ᏗᏓᏙᎳᏤᎸ (ᏗᏍᏆᎸᏙᏗ). Ꮝ ISO ᏕᎦᏃᏣᎸ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏙᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ XAU.