Kanti ke neemeko ezenza uxinzelelo olumandla kwibhulorho yempulo okanye kwithanjana elahlula iimpulo zombini zinganxulunyaniswa ne-choanal atresia. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-craniosynostosis syndromes ezifana ne-Crouzon syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, Treacher Collins kunye ne-Antley-Bixler syndrome.