Ezi ngxoxo zintathu sizibonayo apha ngokuqinisekileyo ziingxoxo ezilungileyo kuba kaloku izigqibo ekufikelelwa kuzo ngazo zisekelezelwe zikwalandela ii-assumptions(oko sele kutshiwo ngaphambili). Ukuba ngaba ezi-assumptions ze-argument ngenene zinyanisekile okanye zi-true, nesigqibo se-argument ekufikelelwa kuso si-true. I-logician izakukuxelela okokuba zonke ziyimibandela yaloo argument ekuthiwa yi-modus ponens.