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I use Linux everyday. I have Ubuntu installed on a virtual machine on my windows laptop. I use if for python programming which comes installed. Linux is an operating system created by Linus Torvalds during his days as a pupil at the University of Helsinki. Linux was created and meant to be used as a choice or replacement to the other operating systems being used by computer system customers, like MS-DOS, Windows, Mac OSX, etc. Linux is not a program or a set of programs like a word processor of an office suite. While examining at the University of Helsinki, Linus made use of a variation of the UNIX operating system called ‘Minix’. A number of requests for modifications as well as enhancements for the operating system were being sent by Linus and also various other customers to Andrew Tanenbaum, Minix’s creator, yet he felt that they weren’t essential. Consequently, Linus made a decision to create his very own os; one that would certainly think about the users’ remarks and tips for improvements. A “kernel” is the focal point of any operating system. Without going into excellent information, the kernel tells the CPU to do what you want the program or application that you’re making use of to do. An os would not exist without a kernel. Nevertheless, a kernel is also pointless without any programs or applications. Around 1990, two vital circumstances advanced that would serve as the beginning point for Linux. A bit was currently developed by Linus, but he had no programs to use; some programs were readily available from GNU as well as Richard Stallman, however they had no working kernel. So Linux was born by integrating the programs from Richard as well as GNU in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with the bit offered by Linus in Helsinki, Finland. It was a lot of ground to cover and much to take a trip, so the Web came to be the main approach of obtaining Linus’ kernel together with the GNU programs. It can nearly be said that Linux is an os that came to life on the web. Except Everybody at First Various other software firms will market you software program included in a CD or a set of floppies, together with a quick instruction pamphlet, and also in half an hour or most likely also much less, you might install a totally practical operating system on your computer. You only needed to recognize exactly how to check out as well as comply with directions in order to install it. This was what those firms wanted when they developed their os. However, when Linux was created by Linus, this variable had not been at first considered. In the future, Red Hat as well as other like minded companies made it their objective to develop Linux to the factor where maybe conveniently mounted just like any kind of various other operating system out there, by anybody that can follow simple instructions, and today we can most definitely state that they have actually prospered in this certain purpose. Nowadays, there is a lot of positive responses from computer system users regarding Linux. The reality that Linux has confirmed to be remarkably secure and also flexible, particularly as a network web server, certainly has actually played a big part in this appeal. Down-time is small or unimportant when Linux is installed and utilized as an internet server or in company networks. Numerous situations have actually been reported where Linux-powered servers have been functioning efficiently for even more than a year without needing to re-boot, and also when it needed to be taken down, it was just for a brief period for maintenance objectives. Its cost efficiency has become to be among its greatest selling points. Linux can be set up as well as worked on either a house PC or a network server, without needing to invest as long as it would be for various other software. Extra reliability and much less price – it’s optimal. You can pay for support from companies if you run an enterprise and have to have that. I have found that most find it is needed.

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Boston Celtic Rajon Rondo really showed what kind of stuff he is made of yesterday during a pivotal Game 3 of the NBA Eastern Conference semifinals. In the 3rd quarter, Rondo was fouled by Miami Heat Dwayne Wade. The two got tangled up together and crashed onto the floor. Rondo landed awkwardly on his left arm, dislocating his left elbow in the process. Although he was taken off the court to be examined by team physician Dr. Brian McKeon, he returned at the end of the quarter, with his left arm wrapped in a protective sleeve. Although he was obviously favoring his left arm, it didn’t stop him from landing 2 right-handed shots, and his return to the floor invigorated his teammates to beat the Heat 97-81. The elbow is a joint where three bones come together. Your upper arm contains one long bone called the humerus and your lower arm contains two long bones called the radius and the ulna. The pointy tip of your elbow is actually part of the ulna and this part is called the olecranon. The close part of the radius bone that makes up part of the elbow joint is called the radial head. Three ligaments (sturdy connective tissue bands) help hold the bones together : the ulnar collateral ligament, radial collateral ligament, and annular ligament. Elbow dislocations are not common, constituting 10% to 25% of all injuries to the elbow, and typically occur when a person falls onto an outstretched hand. When the hand hits the ground, the force is transmitted to the elbow. This force causes a turning motion which can drive and rotate the elbow out of its socket. Elbow dislocations also happen in car accidents when the passengers reach forward to cushion the impact. Similar to a fall, the force is sent through the arm and can dislocate the elbow. Depending on the severity, an elbow dislocation can injure not only the joint, but the bones, muscles and ligaments of the elbow as well. In the most severe cases, the blood vessels and nerves may also be involved. Symptoms include severe pain and the elbow may look deformed. An elbow dislocation is considered a medical emergency and the dislocation should be realigned as soon as possible. This can often be done in an emergency department with the patient given sedation and pain medications. Afterwards, the arm is immobilized in a splint or sling for two to three weeks, followed by early motion exercises.

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Here, the word “data stream” takes on a whole new meaning: researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the Technical University of Madrid and other institutions have developed a method to capture and transform Wi-Fi signals into useful power for electronic devices. The idea is obvious, because the ubiquitous electromagnetic waves transport not only information but also energy. The power supply via WLAN could be perfect for small stations, which frequently deliver messages about their position and status. As soon as energy is available, they wake up and spark their data. In logistics this could provide more transparency along the supply chain, also in remote areas without a source of power supply. “This technology is very interesting, for example for the power supply of IoT devices in buildings,” says Erik Wirsing, Head of Global Innovation at DB Schenker. “This would make it easier to use sensors to localize or measure temperature and humidity, for example.” Efficiencies of up to 40 percent However, it is not easy to make use of Wi-Fi signals. Special rectifiers are necessary, which can generate DC power from high-frequency oscillations. In addition, these rectifiers need to be flexible and inexpensive. For this job, the MIT researchers use the material molybdenum disulfide to build a rectifier diode. It is only a few atomic layers thick and – in contrast to conventional semiconductor materials such as silicon or gallium arsenide – very flexible. This “Rectenna” can generate energy from electromagnetic waves with frequencies of up to ten gigahertz, with an efficiency of up to 40 percent. Other researchers had already tried that, but had failed at high WiFi frequencies. In addition to WiFi, the MIT Rectenna could also harvest the energy of Bluetooth or LTE signals. “#Energy from the air: Researchers are building a #Rectenna to capture #energy from # radio waves.“Tweet WhatsApp Dreaming of electronic systems in walls and on streets The name of the device is composed of the English words for “rectifier” and “antenna”. One of the developers, Tomás Palacios from MIT, is already dreaming of electronic systems that cover walls or roads and that could be supplied by his rectenna. Until then, it will bring wearable electronics (wearables), medical devices and sensors to life in the Internet of Things. Because for larger devices, the 40 microwatts of power that the MIT researchers were able to extract from a 150 microwatt WiFi signal are not enough. The technology is still far from powering objects such as AGVs or forklifts.

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Basically, the word “Costume” refers to the dress or wardrobe which is specifically worn by differing nationalities and cultures on countries as well as several places around the world. The artistic classifications of the distinctive styles in the costume are basically dependent upon the personal motivations and history of the person or the people in that certain area. Types of Costume Costumes, are not only for the traditions and beliefs of people, it is also used as a dress code or like a uniform worn on different affairs and occasions anywhere. Sometimes, costumes are used to portray a particular role depending on which and what character they are imitating. This are the type of costumes widely used for plays, films, and theater performances. Costumes serve as the internalizing factor that bridges the gap between the future and the past. It is also a very effective way in which the actors and actresses get to feel more comfortable and true to life with the characters they are playing. Most theatrical costumes are exaggerated and are made more captivating and out of the box. If you are in the business of acting, you can probably say that wearing a costume makes it so much easier to internalize the role you are portraying at the moment. Not only that it gives you more confidence, it can also make the audience captivated on the story of the skit. The children types are one of the most loved by fashion designers and costume makers. Most children love the fact that they can wear anything depending on the role they want to play or the role they loved from their favorite cartoon. Children are the easiest to dress up as they can be anything they want to be like cowboys, princesses, fairies, pirates, nurses, polices or whatever they want to be and still look innocent and charming. The National Costumes are the ones used around the world for a particular celebration or in order to remember and give recognition to something historical. Most of the national costumes are based on a historical event like the freedom of a country. However, other national costumes are celebrated worldwide like Halloween, Christmas or even Easter. Most people do it for the sense of paying their respect to the person or to the occasion. But then again, you cannot blame those who do it for fun and just for the sake of having to play around with clothes. Still, whatever the reason a person has, the national costumes are the most common of all and are worn on specific dates and seasons all over the world. The Mascots are the most playful and the most creative kind of costumes. It has been around for several years and it has been one of the most famous types of costume. That is solely because mascots do not require a particular season to be able to wear it. Mascots are most of the time found on huge sporting events, birthday parties, fast food chains, and even business acquaintance parties. They are somewhat the life of the party and they make the scene more interesting and less boring. Most often than not, mascots are what seems to be the most scary costume for little children. It is because they are anything but common and they look twice the size of an actual human being. The animals are also part of the play by play mascot costumes and are most of the time imitated through it. One of the outlets where mascots are found is in movies. Basically, directors and story-tellers choose a mascot instead of a real bear or a wildlife creature or even a monster in order to keep it safe and not too dangerous for the casts of the film. The mascot is a great alternative in order to save money and keep everything under control because through that, it is possible to tame the wildlife creature or make them look trained, even if the one inside the mascot is just a person. Benefits of Wearing Costumes The benefit of wearing and having a costume is boundless. It can make something to look a lot more fun and can really create an ambience of happiness and an experience that is much more memorable. When you are wearing a costume, it is actually an indicator that you have a talent when it comes to fashion sense. That just means that you can mix and match with clothes and even do it as a profession if you want to. To be honest, there is not really a personal benefit that can be given by the costumes. Nonetheless, when it comes to preserving the culture, taking entertainment to the next level, giving kids something to remember from their childhood, or creating an environment that is full of camaraderie, bonding and unity, then that is the greatest benefit of all.

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3D skin printer uses patient’s own cells to create new skin for grafts, eliminates painful harvesting While some of us are using the new power of 3D printers to make smartphone cases and chocolate figurines, two engineering students from the University of Toronto are using them to print functional human skin. On September 18, Arianna McAllister and Lian Leng were named the Canadian winners of the 2014 James Dyson Award for their invention, the PrintAlive Bioprinter. The machine – created in collaboration with Professor Axel Guenther, alumnus Boyang Zhang and Dr. Marc Jeschke, head of Sunnybrook Hospital’s Ross Tilley Burn Centre – prints large, continuous layers of tissue that recreate natural skin. With serious burn victims, doctors typically must remove part of the patient’s healthy skin and graft it onto the burned area. With PrintAlive, this painful step could be eliminated. The printed product includes hair follicles, sweat glands and other human skin complexities, providing an on-demand skin graft for burn victims. Better yet, the machine uses the patient’s own cells, which McAllister said “would completely eliminate immunologic rejection, and the need for painful autografting and tissue donation.” No larger than an average microwave, it’s also portable and can print skin grafts on the go, potentially revolutionizing burn care in rural and developing areas around the world. The Latest on: 3D skin printer via Google News The Latest on: 3D skin printer - Ultimaker Cura prepares 2.000.000 print jobs per weekon February 27, 2020 at 5:41 am Skin edge support. Two settings that make it possible to add an extra line inside ... Where one user is more eager to manually tweak and test every setting available, others want to fully integrate 3D ... - West Point: Bioprinting for Soldiers in the Battlefieldon February 27, 2020 at 12:59 am Under his direction, the 3D printer successfully fabricated a number ... The bandages would be printed with specialized skin and stem cells necessary for the healing process. - Ultimaker announces 3D printing software updates and record Cura user figureson February 26, 2020 at 7:12 am The desktop 3D printing vendor has also released the latest version of Cura (4.5 ... Other new features include ‘fuzzy skin outside only’, which prevents fuzzy skin being printing inside holes; ‘brim ... - 3D Printed Organs and Cartilage for Wounded Soldierson February 26, 2020 at 5:00 am 26 cadets, divided into five separate teams, are working on three bio printing projects. The first two teams are working to develop bio-bandages for treating skin wounds and burns. These bandages ... - Would you eat a 'steak' printed by robots?on February 24, 2020 at 4:06 pm You might not know it, but if you wear a hearing aid, you are likely to be part of the 3D printing revolution. Almost all hearing aids nowadays are produced using the technique. Also known as additive ... - These 3D Pens Can Help You Bring Your Dreams to Life — Literallyon February 23, 2020 at 5:14 pm Despite the fact they’ve been around for a few years now, 3D printers are still fairly expensive to own and maintain. Plus, they just take up a lot of real estate in a household. And while the results ... - 3D Printed Body Parts Could One Day Help Wounded Soldierson February 20, 2020 at 4:23 pm Five teams of cadets—26 cadets in all—are working on three bio printing projects. The first two teams are working to develop bio-bandages for burn and wound care. Bio-bandages would be printed by ... - 3D Printing Electronics Direct To Bodyon February 19, 2020 at 4:00 pm They’ve modified a common 3D printer to print electronic circuits directly to the skin, including the back of the hand, as you can see in the video below. There’s also a preview of an academic ... - Lubrizol offers new powder for HP 3D printeron February 18, 2020 at 10:07 am "3D printing technology is revolutionizing the manufacturing industry ... including footwear and lightweight prostheses, wearables (although skin contact certification is pending), seals that resist ... - Canadian Scientists Handheld 3D Skin Printer Promotes Rapid Recovery for Severe Burn Woundson February 18, 2020 at 12:55 am Thor3D’s is a 3D scanning... The creators claim that some ... The first prototype of the skin printer was unveiled in 2018, and its creators believed it was the first device of its kind to ... via Bing News

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A technique that identifies drug polymorphs in pills could be a boon for pharmaceutical firms UK scientists have extended the bounds of solid-state NMR to quickly solve a problem plaguing the pharmaceutical industry: how to spot unwanted crystal packing forms in a drug tablet. Polymorphism - when compounds adopt more than one crystal structure (’polymorph’) in the solid state - is a thorn in the side of drugs manufacturers. A tablet holding an unwanted polymorph can behave unexpectedly by, for instance, releasing its active ingredient too quickly in the body. Different polymorphs count as separate patentable forms of drugs, so weeding them out can be an expensive irritant for pharmaceutical companies - or a lucrative opportunity for competitors to seize a share of the market. Solid-state NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) is already used to pick out polymorphs. Just like liquid NMR, the technique works out molecular structure by detecting the response of nuclear spins to radiowave pulses. But there is an added complication: in the solid state, nuclear interactions are so strong that an NMR spectrum becomes swamped with information. The spectrum no longer appears as familiar narrow spikes for each nucleus, but as a series of broad peaks that are hard to untangle. So-called magic angle spinning (MAS) - rotating the solid sample to imitate the effects of a molecule tumbling in a liquid - gets rid of some of this information overload, so that solid-state NMR on carbon-13 nuclei can identify molecules and how they pack in a crystalline array. But to detect the subtler forms of polymorphism it is more useful to look at hydrogen, not carbon nuclei; for hydrogen bonds between molecules are usually the driving force determining which polymorph appears. Sadly, MAS doesn’t cut out proton nuclei interactions, so decoding proton structures has been considered a specialised - and difficult - task. Now, John Griffin and Steven Brown from the University of Warwick, together with Dave Martin from pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca, have simplified the problem, taking a high resolution 2D proton solid-state NMR spectrum of a tablet in just two hours. The researchers easily managed to distinguish between two forms of an active ingredient in a tablet: particularly impressive, because the drug in a tablet is mixed up with other inactive compounds such as fillers and glues. ’This new approach should be adopted as a routine tool in the characterisation of pharmaceuticals,’ Brown’s team recommend. Their technique, known as CRAMPS (combined rotation and multiple-phase spectroscopy) was conceived in the 1970s. The idea was to cancel out confusing hydrogen interactions by choreographing the phases and timings of the radiowave pulses used in NMR with the rotation of the sample. Thanks to improvements in the consoles that control the radiowave pulse sequences, it is now possible to put that theory into practice, Brown said. Robin Harris, an NMR expert at Durham University, said the team’s work was very neat and would add to the NMR toolbox. But he pointed out that the detection limits of the technique for spotting unwanted polymorphs were not clear. However, polymorph-spotters in the pharmaceutical industry were immediately impressed. ’This approach will extend our capabilities for analysing complex mixtures, and we will certainly take advantage of it,’ said Stephen Byard, head of physical and molecular characterisation at French-based pharmaceuticals giant Sanofi-Aventis. Richard Van Noorden Enjoy this story? Spread the word using the ’tools’ menu on the left. J M Griffin, D R Martin and S P Brown, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.46

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New portal to unveil the dark sector of the Universe Once upon a time, the Universe was just a hot soup of particles. In those days, together with visible particles, other particles to us hidden or dark might have formed. Billions of years later scientists catalogued 17 types of visible particles, with the most recent one being the Higgs boson, creating the 'Standard Model'. However, they are still struggling to detect the hidden particles, the ones that constitute the dark sector of the Universe. Scientists at the Center for Theoretical Physics of the Universe, within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) have proposed a hypothetical portal that connects two possible dark sector particles; their research could open a new perspective into the murky understanding of the dark sector. Published in Physical Review Letters, this study has implications in cosmology and astroparticle physics. Physicists have plenty of ideas about what these dark sector particles might look like. One candidate is the axion, which is a very light particle that can solve some theoretical problems of the Standard Model. Another candidate is the dark photon: A very light particle which shares some properties with one of the particles of the Standard Model, that is the photon, the constituent of visible light. However, while photons couple to the electromagnetic charge, dark photons couple to the so-called dark charge, that might be carried by other dark sector particles. Physicists believe that the dark sector communicates with the Standard Model, via portals. For example, a vector portal would allow the mixing between photons and dark photons. And, an axion portal connects axions and photons. There are only several possible portals physicists have identified, and each portal is a major tool in theoretical and experimental studies in searching for dark sector particles. A team of IBS scientists, hypothesized the existence of a new portal they named the "dark axion portal" that connects dark photons and axions. The central idea of the dark axion portal is based on the observation that new heavy quarks may also have a dark charge that couples to the dark photon. Through the heavy quarks, axion, photon, and dark photon can interact with each other. IBS scientists imagine that the dark axion portal could bring ideas for new experiments. So far, the axion search has been performed using only the axion portal, which connects the axion to a pair of photons (axion—photon—photon coupling). Similarly, the dark photon search has been performed using a different portal, namely a vector portal, which allows a small mixing between the dark photon and photon. The dark axion portal could link the two: "The dark axion portal suggests the first meaningful connection between the two physics, which have been studied separately: It connects the dots. This will allow reinterpretation of the previous data, and potentially make a breakthrough in the axion and dark photon searches," explains LEE Hye-Sung, corresponding author of the paper. More information: Kunio Kaneta et al, Portal Connecting Dark Photons and Axions, Physical Review Letters (2017). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.101802 Journal information: Physical Review Letters Provided by Institute for Basic Science

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My Foot Hurts! What is it? Your foot pain may be what’s called plantar fasciitis. What’s that you say? Let’s start by breaking down the term so it makes more sense. The term “Plantar” means of or relating to the sole of the foot. “Fasciitis” inflammation of the fascia of a muscle or organ. So, in short, you have an inflammation of the fibrous tendon on the bottom of your foot that runs from your heel to the back of the toes. And if you don’t know by now, this pain can be a show stopper when it comes to exercising or general mobility. It can be super painful. Who gets Plantar Fasciitis? According to NCBI “The incidence and prevalence of plantar heel pain are uncertain. However, it has been estimated that 7% of people aged over 65 years report tenderness in the region of the heel, that plantar heel pain accounts for a quarter of all foot injuries relating to running, and that the diagnosis and treatment of plantar heel pain accounts for over 1 million visits a year to physicians in the USA. The condition affects both athletic and sedentary people, and does not seem to be influenced by gender.” What are the risk factors? Being overweight can cause additional stress on our feet. Loss of arches in our feet or commonly called “flat feet”, cause altered biomechanics during walking or running. People who stand a lot such as teachers, retail workers, law enforcement, could cause an overuse scenario and develop plantar fasciitis. Altered posture such as pelvic misalignment, or a lean to one side while walking or standing would cause uneven pressure on one side versus the other. -It accounts for over 1 million visits to physicians a year in the U.S. -This affects upwards of 10% of the population. -It accounts for 25% of all foot injuries related to running. -It is not influence by gender. How do I fix it? In our office we begin with a thorough exam and history to accurately diagnose your problem so we know if you are a good candidate for treatment in our office. If you are a candidate, we utilize a multi-prong approach to begin your healing process. We will screen for a postural imbalance that my need corrected through stretching and strengthening. We also screen for foot mechanics that may need support with custom made foot orthotics. Adjustments of the joints of the spine or in the foot may be necessary. Dietary considerations for weight loss and anti- inflammation would be examined and discussed as well as possible supplements. Also, cold laser treatments have proven effective at pain relief as well as quickly reducing inflammation. If you have been diagnosed with plantar fasciitis, or would like to be screened for plantar fasciitis and you live near Beavercreek, Ohio, give us a call to get on our schedule. Dr. Scott Ferguson at Health By Logic would be happy to help you get pain free from plantar fasciitis and get back in the game!

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What's Happening At Whitt! Feb. 1 Once a wolf, always a wolf! This Wednesday is Wylie Way Day! Hey, Dads!! We sure hope you can join us!! Please don't forget your photo ID for class parties! Attention: 4th Grade Parents! Achoo! Preventing the Spread of Germs Keep your family healthy all winter long by practicing everyday disease prevention tactics. Stress the importance of handwashing. Because germs are invisible, it’s difficult for children to understand how dangerous a cough or sneeze can be. Be sure to stress the importance of washing hands, using lots of soap and water, and scrubbing until there are bubbles—before meals and snacks, and after coughing, sneezing, or using a tissue. Many brands of liquid hand soap come in fun designs, scents, or colors, and letting children pick their own can be a fun way to encourage hand washing. Use the “birthday song” method. Teach your child to wash his or her hands for as long as it takes to sing the entire “Happy Birthday” song. Cough like Dracula. Children need to learn to always cover their mouths when they cough. Have your child cough into his or her sleeves, not hands, to prevent the spread of germs. Keep hands away from eyes, nose, and mouth. Children sometimes absentmindedly put their fingers in their mouth or nose, or rub their eyes. Help your child keep his or her hands away from “germy” areas— eyes, nose, and mouth. Trash the tissues. Used tissues are full of germs. Teach your child to immediately put used tissues in the trash, and then wash his or her hands. Set a healthy example. Model all these healthy behaviors— sneezing into your elbow, washing your hands frequently—and your child will follow suit. Need additional support for your Wolf at home? Make sure they are reading! The 100th Day of School was a Huge Success! Words of advice to our sweet Mrs. Leech, who is having a baby GIRL!! It was a great week to be a Whitt Wolf!! Mark Your Calendar! 6-Wylie Way Day 7-Dad's Breakfast 6:45am-7:25am 8-Valentine's Class Parties 14-PTA General Meeting & Second Grade Program @6:45pm 25-3rd and 4th Grade Math Checkpoint 26-3rd and 4th Grade Reading Checkpoint 1-Wolf Howl @ 7:45 21-PTA General Meeting & Kinder Program 6:45pm

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By Kathleen F. Jonson Read or Download 60 Strategies for Improving Reading Comprehension in Grades K-8 PDF Best primary education books Faith and its courting to education is a controversy that has develop into increasingly more topical in recent times. in lots of nations, advancements resembling the diversification of country college sectors, issues approximately social team spirit among ethnic and non secular teams, and debates approximately nationwide identification and values have raised outdated and new questions about the function of faith in schooling. Say “I do! ” to bigger studying good fortune for college kids in any respect degrees! in line with the author’s large adventure, this lighthearted, hugely functional, and teacher-friendly source makes use of the metaphor of marriage to aid common schooling lecturers and specified carrier prone effectively manage, behavior, and keep co-teaching partnerships. Utilizing the schooling for All (EFA) worldwide circulation because the atmosphere, this e-book surveys the advanced labyrinths of overseas schooling coverage making, the layout and implementation of system-wide academic reform, and the overview of studying results within the African context. It addresses the subsequent questions: what does it suggest for African states to reform their academic platforms to fulfill the worldwide schedule of schooling for All and the Millennium improvement objectives? Combining examine with real-life lecture room examples, this e-book demonstrates how high-level conversations based on fiction and nonfiction can advertise pupil knowing and aid them meet and exceed a spectrum of criteria. The authors show the way to use literary conversations in small, heterogeneous teams to handle a number of expectancies inside of school rooms, akin to shut interpreting, vocabulary, history wisdom, literal and inferential comprehension, and responses to multimodal interpretation, nonfiction textual content gains, and photograph organizers. - High-Five Teaching, K–5: Using Green Light Strategies to Create Dynamic, Student-Focused Classrooms - Contemporary Perspectives on Early Childhood Curriculum (Contemporary Perspectives in Early Childhood Education) - Teaching Children's Literature: It's Critical! - Strategic Writing Mini-Lessons for All Students, Grades 4–8 - Linked Data Management (Emerging Directions in Database) - Early Biliteracy Development: Exploring Young Learners' Use of Their Linguistic Resources Extra info for 60 Strategies for Improving Reading Comprehension in Grades K-8 60 Strategies for Improving Reading Comprehension in Grades K-8 by Kathleen F. Jonson

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Thomas Cole‘s The Course of Empire is an epic five piece telling of the rise and fall of Rome. The paintings proceed as such: The Savage State, The Arcadian or Pastoral State, The Consummation of Empire, Destruction, and Desolation. If you’re a New Yorker, you’re in luck! You can see The Course of Empire series live at The New York Historical Society. In the previous post we talked about how it seemed that Thomas Cole intentionally avoided giving the viewer a specific ‘point of view’ into the painting; that he didn’t want us to empathize with the characters presented, only to judge them. What seems to be the proof of those intentions in The Consummation of Empire is the presentation of our current work for analysis: Destruction. For starters, Destruction is presented almost as “the effect” of Consummation (which is presented almost as “the cause”). It doesn’t seem only presented as an effect because it is the next installment in the series, but because Cole shifts the perspective presenting a more all-encompassing view — one can take in Destruction in a single breadth whereas one’s eye would necessarily have to flit from one point to another in the previous painting. Destruction also has several unique viewpoints. The most dramatic viewpoint into the painting is the wrathful statue armed with a real iron shield. This wrathful statue seems to be Cole’s take on what judgment he thinks might be fitting for the scene portrayed in the previous work. This wrathful statue, faceless, perhaps even headless, seems trudging into battle as the harbinger of war. If one looks closely though, one will notice what appear to be peasants pleading with this statue — as if this thing they had worshipped could protect them from whatever evils are being dealt them. It’s almost ironic that people would be pleading to this thing for protection while Cole is simultaneously portraying it in the aforementioned light. The second most dramatic viewpoint (where we are inclined to look next) is the woman whom is either committing suicide to save herself from being ravaged by the soldier reaching out for her — or, depending on one’s interpretation — perhaps she’s being thrown into the ocean. Personally, I believe she’s committing suicide because the soldier seems to be reaching as opposed to pushing. While the faceless hoards of warriors churn about like the sea and smoke filled sky, this woman in white stands out as an individual. Lastly, the other characters we’re inclined to notice are the hooded figure in green sitting near a broken chunk of marble looming over a dead body (might he be Death personified?); the wounded philosopher dying in a puddle; and the archer shooting down into the crowd. For all those presented — the perspective of futility and horror seems universal. As for the landscape itself, the raging fire and swirling clouds seem to work together to evoke the feeling of a tunnel or vortex. Cole also paints all the “extras” superbly, in that though they may be support characters — they’re never ‘so much background’ that an examination renders them without purpose. Coming up next is Cole’s conclusion to the series: Desolation. || THOMAS COLE: THE COURSE OF EMPIRE – DESTRUCTION | thomascole.org |

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Corporate Houses and Environment Organizations and corporate houses around the globe are increasingly recognizing the importance of demonstrating transparency and accountability beyond the traditional domain of financial performance. A primary reason for this is an even greater increase in public expectations from organizations and industries to take responsibility for their non – financial impacts, including impacts on the environment and on the community. Consequently, environment has taken the center stage and the western green wave of the sixties is more powerful now than ever before. The industrial sector is largely governed by the market which works using sound economic principles. However, the green wave of sustainable development led to the formation of a new subject called Environmental Economics! The underlying principle of Environmental Economics is the concept of externality – that some effects (say the pollution it causes) of an activity are not taken into account in its price which may destablize the market. Environmental Economics coupled with Environmental Policy & Law led to some interesting and unique measures of ensuring that corporate houses carry out their activities in an environment friendly manner. A few such measures are briefly discussed below. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a corporate planning tool that is now generally accepted as an integral component of sound decision-making. The objective of EIA is to foresee and address potential environmental problems/concerns at an early stage of project planning and design. EIA systematically examines both beneficial and adverse consequences of the project and ensures that these effects are taken into account during project design. But what is most important is the fact that EIA is a legal and mandatory requirement and has to be carried out by every corporate house before it can initiate a new project which may have a considerable impact on the Environment. In fact EIA is probably the only tool in the hands of environmentalists that has teeth. It is legally binding and anyone not abiding by it can be taken straightaway to the Supreme Court. ISO 14001 is an internationally accepted standard that sets out how a corporate house can go about putting in place an effective Environmental Management System (EMS). The existence of the standard allows organizations to focus environmental efforts against an internationally accepted criterion. The standard is designed to address the delicate balance between maintaining profitability and reducing environmental impact. ISO 9000 quality registration has already become necessary to do business in many parts of the world. Thus, the fact that companies may soon need environmental management certification to compete in the global marketplace easily overshadows all ethical reasons for adopting ISO 14001. An Environmental Audit (EA) is a means by which businesses can assess the environmental impacts of their operations. It aims at the measurement and evaluation of all inputs and outputs from the production process. It is only after these impacts have been identified and measured, that a company can determine where it should implement cleaner production and carry out Eco-efficiency improvements. The financial benefits from adopting cleaner production are not the only incentives that may encourage firms to undertake audits. It can also be an effective risk management tool for assessing compliance with environmental legislation, and avoiding the risk of prosecution and fines arising from potential environmental breaches. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been defined as a concept whereby companies voluntarily integrate social and environmental concerns in both their business operations and their interaction with their stakeholders. So far, CSR is being considered voluntary and an aspect of good corporate governance for both large multinationals and small, locally based businesses. However, there is pressure from NGOs and Civil Societies to make it mandatory. The present generation has grown up in the fear and uncertainty of climate change and global warming, the ozone hole, acid rains and pollution. It is not only well informed but also concerned about its environment and about the environment we will leave for the coming generations. It is a generation that is ready to purchase organic food at higher costs even when chemically grown food is available at relatively dirt cheap rates. The present generation also has several tools at its possession which it is using time and again to highlight issues and corporates that are harming the environment.After an year long world wide (web) campaign by Greenpeace, Apple Inc. was forced to place a Greener Apple on its website. The pressure was not so much from the activist than from the fear of losing customers. More and more such campaigns are coming up and the green voices are only getting louder. Thus, mainstreaming environment in corporate planning not only saves the environment, it is also an excellent business strategy. This article was also published on IndianWildlifeClub.com

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Share this article on: Matching patient records to the correct patient is a complicated business. In theory at least, with patient information recorded digitally, it should be possible to match records with the correct patient no matter where the patient information is accessed or where the data is located. In an ideal world this would happen 100% of the time. Unfortunately, this is not an ideal world and patients and records are frequently mismatched. This can naturally have serious consequences for patients. Records and Patients only Correctly Matched 90% of the Time Studies suggest that the probability of records and patients being paired correctly is around 90% on average. Provided of course, that the records are located within a single health system. Should some records be located in a different health system, the chance of those records being correctly matched is much lower. In fact, when records are shared across different health systems the figure falls to around 80%. If a patient is to receive the best possible level of care, this is a problem that must be resolved. Solving the Problem of Corrrect Patient Identification Introducing a universal national patient identifier is the obviously solution. Unfortunately, while HIPAA did call for the introduction of a national patient identifier back in 1996 when the legislation was introduced, just three years later the decision was taken to block this. In 1999 congress passed a law banning the Department of Health and Human Services from spending any of its budget on a national ID to solve the problem of patient identification. One of the main reasons behind the ban was concern about privacy. With the ban on HHS funding still in place, it is up to the private sector to come up with a solution. Now, 17 years after that ban was introduced some progress is finally being made. CHIME Launches $1 Million Competition for National Patient Identifier Solution One of the problems with patient identification (and there are many) is the lack of a common standard for storing patient data. This throws up all manner of problems when attempting to electronically match patients with their data. There are also issues with the quality of data entered by different healthcare systems, according to the College of Healthcare Information Management Executives (CHIME). As Intermountain Health CIO Marc Probst points out, a great deal of money is currently being wasted trying to match up patients with medical records. The costs to his health system alone is between $4 and $5 million each year, such are the administrative and technological problems involved. There is a clear need for a solution, but currently no solution exists that can promise to correctly match records with patients 100% of the time. According to the Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT, “no single solution can accomplish this feat given the underlying contributors to the challenge of accurate record linking.” CHIME has now stepped up to the plate and is now taking action. The organization has launched a $1 million competition to try to find a practical and secure solution to the national patient identifier problem. On January 19, CHIME President and CEO Russell Branzell announced the launch of the competition which is being run with the crowdsourcing platform HeroX. The competition will run for a year and will be open to all. The aim is to find a solution that will solve the problem once and for all. The solution will need to be practical, accurate, private, and totally secure. Innovators from all over the world can take part, and can obtain information from the National Patient ID Challenge website. The winner of the competition will be announced in February next year.

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Four Mohawk Kings The Four Mohawk Kings or Four Kings of the New World were three Mohawk chiefs of the Iroquois Confederacy and a Mahican of the Algonquian peoples. The three Mohawk were: Sa Ga Yeath Qua Pieth Tow of the Bear Clan, called King of Maguas, with the Christian name Peter Brant, grandfather of Joseph Brant; Ho Nee Yeath Taw No Row of the Wolf Clan, called King of Canajoharie ("Great Boiling Pot"), or John of Canajoharie; and Tee Yee Ho Ga Row, meaning "Double Life", of the Wolf Clan, also called Hendrick Tejonihokarawa or King Hendrick. The Mahican chief was Etow Oh Koam of the Turtle Clan, mistakenly labeled in his portrait as Emperor of the Six Nations. The Algonquian-speaking Mahican people were not part of the Iroquois Confederacy. Five chiefs set out on the journey, but one died in mid-Atlantic. The four Native American leaders visited Queen Anne in 1710 as part of a diplomatic visit organised by Pieter Schuyler, mayor of Albany, New York. They were received in London as diplomats, being transported through the streets of the city in Royal carriages, and received by Queen Anne at the Court of St. James Palace. They also visited the Tower of London and St. Paul's Cathedral. In addition to requesting military aid for defence against the French, the chiefs asked for missionaries to offset the influence of French Jesuits, who had converted numerous Mohawk to Catholicism. Queen Anne informed the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Tenison. A mission was authorized, and Schuyler had a chapel built the next year at Fort Hunter (located near the Mohawk "Lower Castle" village). Queen Anne sent a gift of a silver Communion set and a reed organ. The Mohawk village known as the "Lower Castle" became mostly Christianized in the early 18th century, unlike the "Upper Castle" at Canajoharie further upriver. No mission was founded until William Johnson, the British agent to the Iroquois, built the Indian Castle Church in 1769. To commemorate the visit, the Crown commissioned Jan Verelst to paint the portraits of the Four Kings. These paintings hung in Kensington Palace until 1977 when Queen Elizabeth II had them relocated to the National Archives of Canada. She unveiled them in Ottawa. - Snow, Dean R. "Searching for Hendrick: Correction of a Historic Conflation". New York History, Summer 2007, accessed 8 October 2011

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Calcium, magnesium, iron… everyone knows about these common minerals and why they’re important to maintaining a healthy body. But few people recognize the importance of zinc. Even fewer could tell you which foods are rich in zinc. To get the word out, we put together this grocery list of foods that will ensure your daily zinc intake is on par with your body’s needs. First, let’s do a quick overview of this important mineral. Why Is Zinc Important to Your Health? Zinc plays a bigger role in your health than most people realize. From helping to maintain immune health to assisting with basic protein synthesis, it’s an incredibly under-appreciated mineral. Zinc can affect everything from your vision to your libido. Before we tackle your diet, let’s take a closer look at a few important ways low zinc levels can affect your body. - Immune Function—if your immune system isn’t functioning at its best, a diet low in zinc might be partially to blame. Studies have indicated that immune system function can suffer more in elderly individuals when they’re not eating enough zinc-rich foods. However, making the necessary dietary changes can also help reverse the problem within just a few weeks. - Skin—just like immune function, skin health seems to take a turn for the worse whenever dietary zinc levels are too low. - Sensation—on the extreme end of the scale, severe zinc deficiency can lead to a loss of taste and appetite. An estimated 15% of seniors have lost their sense of taste as a result of zinc deficiency. However, in some cases, sensory loss is a condition linked to more serious health concerns, so definitely report any loss of taste or appetite to your primary doctor as soon as you can. Zinc is also linked to vision health, as it works in conjunction with vitamin A to help your eyes with sensing light and transmitting those signals to the brain. Studies have linked low zinc levels with vision loss, which is why so many vision supplements include zinc. 10 Foods Full of Zinc If you’re at all concerned about your current zinc intake, make a few simple adjustments to your weekly grocery list. Add these foods high in zinc to your daily diet as appropriate. We’ll start the list with the best vegetarian sources of zinc… 1Beans: There seems to be no end to the list of bean benefits. Just one cup of garbanzo beans (great on salads) provides nearly a quarter of your daily zinc needs. 2Green Vegetables: Asparagus and spinach, in particular, are great vegetarian sources of zinc. They also happen to be incredibly versatile, which is why they’re near the top of our zinc foods list! 3Mushrooms: From shiitake to crimini to plain white mushrooms, these friendly fungi (often known as the vegetarian’s meat) are great sources of zinc with about 10% DV per cup. 4Cocoa, Cocoa Powder, Baking Chocolate: Good news for everyone, dark baking chocolate is super high in zinc. A cup of grated baking chocolate serves up a whopping 85% of your daily value for zinc. 5Nuts: Nuts are one of Mother Nature’s healthiest all-around snacks, full of healthy fats, vitamins and minerals (including zinc). Here are a few examples of nuts rich in zinc: pine nuts (12%), pecans (9%), almonds (6%), walnuts (6%), peanuts (6%) and hazelnuts (5%). 6Oysters: For the pescatarians and omnivores in the group, oysters are great sources of natural dietary zinc. Just six medium oysters give you almost 500% of your daily value! 7Beef: Pound for pound, beef is the best bet for meat eaters when it comes to upping your zinc intake. Four ounces serves up 37% of your daily requirement. 8Lamb: Not far behind beef, lamb serves up 35% of of your daily zinc needs. 9Poultry: Chicken and turkey don’t pack quite as much zinc as lamb or beef, but if you opt for the dark meat instead of the white, you’re at least zeroing in on the zinc-richest cuts. 10Shrimp & Scallops: If seafood is your meat of choice, you’re still in luck. Per one four-ounce serving, shrimp provides 17% of your daily zinc requirements. That same four-ounce serving of scallops will give you 16%. Meat eater or not, you have plenty of options to boost your zinc intake. On your next trip to the grocery store, start your list with these items. How many are already staples in your daily diet?

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Dental implants provide a stable foundation for tooth replacements that look, feel, and function just like your natural teeth. You can replace one or more missing teeth or hold dentures securely in the mouth. Many dentists consider dental implants as the preferred method of tooth replacement. This is because traditional methods, such as crowns, bridges, partials, and dentures, have disadvantages in terms of appearance and function. A dental implant is a small screw made of titanium that mimics the function of a tooth root. It is inserted into the bone of the jaw and, over time, becomes integrated and firmly anchored. Under normal conditions, the healing process can take as little as six to 12 weeks. Once fixed, the tooth replacement in the form of a single crown, bridge or denture, is secured to the implant. Where can implants be used? Single tooth replacements One implant and one crown replace a single tooth. Multiple tooth replacements Multiple missing teeth can be replaced with multiple implants supporting fixed bridgework. For example, a three-unit bridge to replace three teeth in a row is made up of two implants and three crowns. Multiple implants can support an even greater number of false teeth. Usually four to eight implants are needed to replace a full arch (jaw) of teeth (10 or more crowns) using fixed bridgework. Combinations of fixed and removable bridgework Implants can support a section of fixed bridgework with an attached removable section. This is where two or more implants provide stabilization of a denture (a set of removable false teeth). Over-dentures are now considered the standard of care for those who have lost all of their teeth in one or both jaws. Precise planning is essential before beginning your treatment. At HBDS, we will help diagnose and plan your implant case. A vital component of this is our use of 3D imaging. The 3D images taken at HBDS give us a precise visualisation of the dental structure viewed from different angles and slices. This allows us to make accurate measurements and confident treatment planning. This greatly benefits both you and us in preparing for treatment and minimizing any surprises. The first step in our treatment sequence is careful planning. We begin with a thorough examination of your individual oral situation. Through X-rays and models of your mouth, we determine the most suitable treatment plan for your situation. The next step is placing the implant in the jaw. This is performed in our office under local anaesthesia. Once the implant is placed, it is left to heal. Healthy bone can form a strong bond with the implant in just six weeks. When the healing period is complete, the implant provides a solid foundation for attaching your replacement tooth. The tooth is now fully functional.

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Planejamento espacial marinho de áreas de proteção ambiental do litoral brasileiro Bolta, Paula Mathias Paulino MetadataShow full item record The subjects of sea protection meet in disadvantage in relation to the subjects of terrestrial protection. The challenges and socioeconomic pressures that the sea territory is subject healthy extremely wide. Now the development of the industrial and port activities in the coastal areas, together with the disordered tourism, they generate countless conflicts and use incompatibilities. However, as it guarantees that those and do other activities happen in a certain passage of sea territory in an orderly and maintainable way? Is, it still, preserving and conserving the different coastal and sea habitats and his/her rich biodiversity? In this context, The Protected Marine Areas become primordial strategies for the conservation of biodiversity while they look for to soften the process of environmental degradation. The Marine Spatial Planning is a public process of analysis and allocation regarding the activities that happen in the sea territory in space and temporary scale, seeking to reach maintainable objectives, through political process. It is also considered a process with views to the future and he/she offers tools to solve conflicts and, still, it selects administration strategies to contribute to protect the services necessary ecosystem. The objective of the research is to characterize Marine Spatial Planning in Areas of Protection Environmental Coasts and Navies of Brazilian Northeast. Three APA were selected under administration of ICMBio, inserted in the bioma Atlantic Forest of coastal atmosphere and marine of the Brazilian Northeast: APA Barra do Rio Mamanguape (PB); APA Fernando de Noronha (PE) e APA Costa dos Corais (PE/AL). The respective handling plans and the creation ordinances were analyzed. Besides they were applied questionnaires to the managers of APA, and also interviews with servants of different sections of ICMBio, seeking to obtain information on the process of elaboration of the environmental zoning. In agreement with the analyzes, it was verified that are different necessary approaches for the handing of each UC; standardization lack in criteria of marine zoning, and still administration susceptible to institutional flaws that contemplate in the administration of the sea atmosphere were observed through the research. Being treated of Protected Marine Areas is necessary to understand the three-dimensional and interlinked sea atmosphere in way to the continent; to consider the environmental dynamics and other specificities in the zoning, and still, to foment the social participation and of other institutions of the public power seeking an effective administrations of the marine and coastal atmosphere.

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Jesus addressed this parable to those who were convinced of their own righteousness and despised everyone else. "Two people went up to the temple area to pray; one was a Pharisee and the other was a tax collector. The Pharisee took up his position and spoke this prayer to himself, 'O God, I thank you that I am not like the rest of humanity— greedy, dishonest, adulterous—or even like this tax collector. I fast twice a week, and I pay tithes on my whole income.' But the tax collector stood off at a distance and would not even raise his eyes to heaven but beat his breast and prayed, 'O God, be merciful to me a sinner.' I tell you, the latter went home justified, not the former; for whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and the one who humbles himself will be exalted." by Father Greg Friedman, OFM Today’s Gospel continues a series of Gospel reflections on prayer. Prayers of petition are usually the easiest to pray. My Franciscan community spends an extended time before we begin our evening meal together, and we pray out loud for a variety of intentions—our families, friends, our inner-city neighbors, the wider world around us. Sometimes the same intentions come week after week. We try to be patient in waiting for God to answer those prayers. We often say that prayer doesn’t change God, rather it changes us. Today’s Gospel helps us appreciate that bit of wisdom. Our Gospel story is the parable of the two men who went to the temple to pray: One was filled with his own self-righteousness; the other humbly acknowledges his need. Our prayers are often full of things we’re asking for—needs we have or help for others. And that’s OK: Jesus encourages us to pray prayers of petition. But today’s parable helps us to see where we must first begin: with a change of heart. Coming before the Lord with our need, our sinfulness, our openness to God must be the starting point for our prayer. Since all prayer is first the work of the Holy Spirit in us, we can see how beginning our prayers in humility is already God working to change our hearts. by Father Dan Kroger, OFM • The first reading says that the “Lord is a God of justice.” What does that mean in terms of how God treats the oppressed and the poor? Sirach says God is “not deaf” to the cry of the widow and of the orphan. What does that mean? • In this week's second reading, Paul says he is “already being poured out like a libation.” What is a libation? Paul praises God for standing by him when everyone else abandoned him. What does Paul think about those who did not stand by him when he was on trial? • Jesus tells a parable in the Gospel addressed to those “who were convinced of their own righteousness and despised everyone else.” Can you retell the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector? Who went home at peace with God? What does it mean to say, “Whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and the one who humbles himself will be exalted”? Do you like the tax collector or the Pharisee? Why is that? by Susan Hines-Brigger • The phrase from the second reading—"I have competed well; I have finished the race; I have kept the faith."—is one that is often found on inspirational posters and memes. Make your own inspirational picture using this or another phrase from this week's readings or Gospel. Hang it where it's visible to you and can serve as a source of inspiration. • In the Gospel, the tax collector repents for his sins. We have that same opportunity through the gift of the Sacrament of Reconciliation. Take advantage of that gift and find a time to go to confession at your parish.

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|Adults and nymphs| Panchlora nivea, the Cuban cockroach or green banana cockroach, is a small species of cockroach found in Cuba and the Caribbean, and along the Gulf Coast from Florida to Texas, and has been observed as far north as Summerville, South Carolina. It is found in subtropical or tropical climates. The females can grow up to 24 mm and the smaller males are 12 to 15 mm long. It is winged and a strong flier, pale green to yellowish green in color, with a yellow line running up the sides. The nymphs are brown or black in color and are burrowers. It is usually an outdoor species and is rarely found indoors, so is not considered a pest. The adults can often be found in shrubbery, trees, and plants. The young can be found under logs and other debris. It is often attracted to both indoor and outdoor lights and it is mainly a nocturnal species. It is often a popular pet roach due to its relatively pleasant green color, and because it is not an invasive indoor species. It is also used as food for other pets. The ootheca (egg case) is 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long, is curved, and has indentations that show where the eggs are located. A study found that they contained 28 to 60 eggs (average 46). The ootheca is carried internally by the female until the eggs hatch. At 24 °C (75 °F) the eggs hatch in about 48 days, after which male nymphs mature in about 144 days, and female nymphs mature in about 181 days. - "Synonyms of Cuban cockroach (Panchlora nivea)". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2014-03-23. - "Common names for Cuban cockroach (Panchlora nivea)". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2014-03-23. - Robinson, William H. (2005). Urban Insects and Arachnids: A Handbook of Urban Entomology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 42–43. ISBN 978-0-521-81253-5. - Roth, Louis M.; Willis, Edwin R. (1957). "The biology of Panchlora nivea, with observations on the eggs of other Blattaria" (PDF). Transactions of the American Entomological Society. American Entomological Society. 83 (4): 195–207. - Close-up photography of the Green banana cockroach under CC-BY-SA - Black and white photographs from showing top and underside views, including a specimen with red areas characteristic of Serratia marcescens infection. |This cockroach article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|

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SAFETY TIPS FOR YOUR HOME Here are some DOs and DON’Ts for natural gas and propane safety. • Learn all you can about natural gas and propane. The more you know...the more you will be safe. • Although Sniffy reminds you to “Smell Gas? Act FAST!,” there are actually three ways to detect a gas leak (smell is the most common): SMELL — To help you SMELL a gas leak, a familiar odor like rotten eggs is added to both natural gas and propane. SEE — Near a leaking gas pipeline, you might SEE blowing dirt, bubbling water or an unusual area of dead vegetation. HEAR — A leaking pipeline, appliance, storage tank or cylinder (propane only) might make a hissing sound you can HEAR. If you ever suspect a gas leak, leave the area immediately. Then, call your local gas company or 911. • Look for the blue flame on all gas appliances. If pilot lights and burners have a steady, blue flame, they are operating correctly. (Decorative gas fire logs are the only exception. Their flame is usually yellow.) • Have all gas and propane appliances, furnaces, vents, flues, chimneys and gas lines in your home or business inspected every year or two by qualified industry professionals. • Keep the areas around all appliances and equipment clean and unblocked to allow for proper airflow. • Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the care and use of gas and propane appliances and equipment. • Make sure there is at least one multipurpose fire extinguisher in your home or place of business. • Review these natural gas and propane safety tips regularly with ALL family members and coworkers. • Ever let small children play with or near natural gas or propane appliances, pipes, storage tanks or cylinders, even the knobs on the oven or stovetop. • Use your stove or oven for anything other than cooking (e.g., to heat your home) under any circumstances. • Move or install a gas or propane appliance or change the connector in any way without professional assistance. • Use a space heater UNTIL you are sure it has been vented properly. If using a vent-free heater, make sure the automatic cut-off switch is operational. • Ever store household chemicals or combustible materials near gas or propane appliances, cylinders or storage tanks. Don’t forget to call before you dig! Planning a landscape or construction digging project? By law, you MUST contact Miss Utility at least 48 business hours (Maryland and Washington, D.C.) or two full working days (Delaware) before beginning any type of digging activity. Even if your project seems minor, it’s best to call. Lines have been hit digging holes for fence posts and mailboxes, anchoring supports for decks and swings sets and even planting trees. By not calling, you risk costly property or environmental damage, explosion or fire on your property, power or utilities services interruptions, legal problems and injury—or even death. IT’S BEST TO BE SAFE: If you smell, see or hear a natural gas or propane leak RIGHT NOW—don’t touch or turn off your computer—leave the area! After you go someplace away from the leak, call your local gas company or 911.

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Indian Supreme Court orders eviction of 1 million tribal forest dwellers NEW DELHI—India’s Supreme Court has ordered the eviction of over 1.1 million tribal and other traditional forest dwellers, after it recently rejected their ancient ownership claims on jungle land. Experts estimate that the 20 February legal fiat could result in some 8 million tribal people, including women and children, leaving forest areas spread across 17 Indian states which their ancestors had inhabited for centuries. The evictions, which are to be executed under official and police supervision, have to completed by 27 July, the date of the next court hearing in the case. “The judgement is a death sentence for millions of tribal people in India,” said Stephen Corry head of Survival International, the London-based human rights organisation that campaigns for the rights of indigenous peoples. “It’s land theft on an epic scale and a monumental injustice” he declared, adding that it would trigger an ‘urgent humanitarian crisis’ and do nothing to save the forests which the tribes people have protected for generations. Other activists fear that such a large-scale eviction could generate social unrest in several states like Madhya Pradesh in central India, Orissa in the east and Karnataka in the south, all with large numbers of tribal people. The court order followed over 10-years of legal wrangling and came in response to a petition filed by wildlife and nature preservations groups. These groups had questioned the Traditional Forest Dwellers Act, 2006, that recognises the rights of ancient tribal communities to live in and manage the jungles. The petitioners asserted that many of them were encroaching on the country’s diminishing forest spread across 500 wildlife sanctuaries and 90 national parks. They also claimed the the tribes-people were endangering India’s wildlife. Pro-tribal activists, however, argued that the Act had been adopted to protect the age-old rights of tribal peoples from encroachments on their jungle habitats by commercially minded realtors and state governments. Tribal activists and lawyers declared that the court eviction order had been facilitated by the weak defence offered by government lawyers. They also said that the entire process of filing ownership claims by the tribes was flawed, as for most illiterate jungle dwellers the process of legitimising an abstract notion like forest rights, was daunting. Besides, the procedure required each tribe to provide 13 different kinds of proof to verify their claims, a requirement difficult even for most educated Indians. According to historian and human rights activist Ramchandra Guha, India’s tribal populations had, over decades, lost their homes to dams, mines and factories. And now a Supreme Court-mandated eviction from their forests had once again proved how “totally vulnerable” these ancient jungle people remain. Photo: Dongria caste tribal girls of Niyamgiri hills are seen in a political party meeting. Source: NurPhoto.

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Choral level of difficulty: Level 4 (5 greatest) This work had a long gestation as Britten had problems finding a suitable text. Auden was eventually asked and produced the poem in 1940. Britten’s setting was immediately recognised as a major addition to the choral repertory and has since become one of his most enduringly popular choral works. It is a nice coincidence that Britten was born on St. Cecilia’s day (22 November). Cecilia is, of course, the Patron Saint of musicians who is supposed to have sung praises to God as she was being martyred. The story of her manner of death makes gruesome reading and the act of singing in extremis something of a miracle! Britten responds to Auden’s extraordinary imagery with relish. The poem’s division into three ‘movements’ gives Britten his musical structure, and the provision of a refrain (‘Blessed Cecilia, appear in visions to all musicians, appear and inspire...’) gives a point of reference marking the end of each section, and of the work. The three ‘movements’ are completely different from each other. The first has a kind of ‘ground bass’ moving through it started by the tenors in the first bar and passing between them and the basses. Over this bass, the upper parts sing flowing compound time phrases which are almost hymn-like. The refrain at the end of the verse is a unison version of the initial flowing melody sung by the sopranos. The second section is a scherzo which gives Britten his ‘middle movement’ contrast. This is marked to be sung extremely quickly. Dotted crotchet 152-160 is almost frighteningly fast! It needs also to be pianissimo and have absolute clarity of words. A feeling of the ‘ground bass’ from the first section returns as a binding motif throughout this section in long notes. All highly effective if well sung. The refrain is a slightly different form of the same melody as before. The final section is more extended and begins with an ostinato bass which feels slightly menacing. Over this, Britten builds contrapuntal phrases in the upper parts with longer note values. Four solo voices are featured in the next section, most of which are recitative-like to be freely declaimed over held choral chords. The final refrain uses the familiar melody from the opening and brings the work to its quiet end through some challengingly low notes for second basses. This is a challenging work which should not be undertaken lightly. It needs sympathetic and careful preparation, understanding of the words, a readiness to accept the issues raised by the speed of the ‘scherzo’ movement and an ability to maintain pitch over this time-scale so that the very low notes at the end of the work are not made even lower through a general flattening. Having said all this, it is perfectly approachable by an amateur choir of reasonable attainment providing that enough rehearsal time is allowed for its preparation. The choir also needs to be able to field five confident soloists. Short as the solos are (except for the first soprano one which is more extended and different from the subsequent ones) they present issues which can test a less-confident singer. The hard work is always worth it as a successful performance of this work is rewarding and memorable. Repertoire note by Paul Spicer

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We think of chocolate as an unalloyed good. People rhapsodize over it. They say they would sooner go without, well, many things, than chocolate. Some even call it a religious experience. Rabbi Deborah Prinz said that might not be too far from the truth. She's the author of the book "On The Chocolate Trail," which chronicles the complex story of chocolate and the religious underpinnings to the early chocolate trade. Prinz will speak to several Bloomington-Normal audiences Sunday and Monday. Even before the Mayan and Aztec Empires in Mesoamerica there is evidence of the use of chocolate in life cycle events and celebrations of the harvest, said Prinz. People who practiced more contemporary religions felt more ambivalent about the substance generated from cacao beans because of what they viewed as its pagan origins. "Initially the indigenous peoples mysteriously figured out you can take the seeds from the white pulp inside a cacao pod, ferment the seeds and then roast them and grind them, you can have a substance that begins to look a little bit like blood as some ancients believed. Therefore it was powerful and essential to human nature," said Prinz. For others, she said, it was perhaps simply the opportunity to taste something that was not contaminated water. It was the first stimulant to arrive in Europe before coffee and tea. Columbus on his fourth voyage saw cacao beans in the bottom of a boat and initially thought they were almonds. Gradually, some Catholic clerics came to enjoy it, though there were holdouts. "There are stories that a particular bishop prohibited the local women from drinking chocolate during mass. Mass was very long. We can infer from that that it was customary for people to bring their chocolate-making equipment into the cathedral and use it while mass was happening. And then, according to the story reported by Thomas Gage, the women of Chiapas continued to drink their chocolate and the bishop mysteriously died of poisoning," said Prinz. Jews, on the other hand were using chocolate more adeptly and enthusiastically in their rituals, she said. They were drinking chocolate for the celebration of the beginning of the Sabbath on Friday night as part of a blessing known as the Kiddush. They were sharing chocolate prepared, ground, and preserved in ball shape until ready for a beverage. They were using those balls or pellets for people who were in mourning. The custom was to give people circular foods for the meal of consolation," said Prinz. She said they also drank chocolate to prepare themselves for the fast of Yom Kippur, the day of atonement. She said some of those involved in trade both north and south as they dispersed under pressure from the Inquisition and took chocolate with them. Chocolate also featured prominently in the colonial era in north America, said Prinz. "The early chocolate trade in Europe was expensive because it was controlled by monopolies gifted or bestowed by the monarchy. There were high taxes plus there was the shipping cost and the distance. In colonial north America chocolate tended to be less expensive, partly because of proximity to sources and partly because there was no monopolies and lower taxes," said Prinz. "It was given out as rations to soldiers. It was distributed to prisoners and often given to poor people." Prinz said the popularity of the drink rose as well, following the Boston Tea Party, when drinking tea became less attractive. Prinz said it was not a luxury product back then as it is today. She said it should be more expensive today than it is, because a lot of chocolate production comes from child or slave labor in west Africa. Rabbi Prinz will speak: - 10 a.m. Sunday at Moses Montefiore Temple in Bloomington - 2 p.m. Sunday at Green Top Grocery in Bloomington - 6 p.m. Sunday at Illinois Wesleyan University - Turfler Room - 4:30 p.m. Monday in Illinois State University's Center For Visual Arts Rm 147 People like you value experienced, knowledgeable and award-winning journalism that covers meaningful stories in Bloomington-Normal. To support more stories and interviews like this one, please consider making a contribution.

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The Georgian language - translations by the translation agency Fasttranslator Georgia is located east of the Black Sea and south of the Greater Caucasus Mountains in Southwest Asia. This small nation has been independent since 1991 and has a population of roughly four million people. Eighty percent of people in Georgia speak Georgian as their native tongue. This language is one of the oldest in the world; artefacts of the Georgian literary language date back to the second century. The official Georgian language belongs to the South Caucasian language family along with Mingrelian, Laz, and Svan. In addition to Georgian, another 23 languages stemming from six different language families are spoken in Georgia. Outside of Georgia, there are approximately 500,000 known speakers of this official language in Russia, the United States, Israel, and Turkey, for example. This number of speakers is making translations into and from the Georgian language increasingly popular. We hire exclusively native speaking translators with masterful proficiency in the Georgian language. This is how we can guarantee our quality every time. Are you interested in having business related or private documents translated into or from Georgian? Then you’ve come to the perfect place. Let our expert project managers advise you over the phone or send us your text either by email or with the request form. The influences on Georgian Since the fifth century, the Georgian language has had its own alphabet with 33 letters. Georgian makes particular use of loanwords from Greek, Latin, Persian, and Arabic, but Russian, Turkish, and English have started to increase their influences on the vocabulary of the Georgian language in recent years. Also, the Georgian language is the only one of the South Caucasian languages that possesses remarkable literature. Works of this kind were often written by the country’s kings and date back to the fifth century. The grammar of the Georgian language is relatively complex. First of all, Georgian is an inflected language: case, number, and gender are represented within the corresponding word itself. Georgian has seven cases. The language does not make use of a grammatical gender and refrains from assigning articles to nouns. There are eleven different forms for speakers of the Georgian language to express something taking place in the present, past, future, or in a hypothetically possible point of time. The tense can be determined by the verb alone, but the subject and object have a corresponding change in Georgian, as well. The plural form is made by attaching the suffix "-eb" to the stem of the noun. Our native speaking translators are familiar with all of these linguistic peculiarities. They have grown up with the language and possess the necessary language instincts to adequately translate your texts. From business-related to private documents, we translate every text with perfect quality. See for yourself and send us your text by email or with the request form. You will then receive a non-binding quote from us in return. We are happy to advise you by phone as well. We look forward to working with you! How much does a translation into Georgian cost? The standard rate for translations from English into Georgian is $ 0.11 per word and for translations from Georgian into English the industry rate is $ 0.19. For new customers or large texts (more than 5,000 words) we may significantly reduce our rates. For urgent jobs that need several translators working simultaneously, we'll apply a surcharge. For a full list of rates per language, please visit Rates table for most requested language combinations. |Talk directly to the expert | Our expert is ready to answer any questions that you may have. Send Erwin an email

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22 March 2018 22 March 2018 - Written by Laurence Cornet After 10 years of documenting the life and work of the children in Ecuador’s mangrove forests, Felipe Jácome returns the photographs to the people. © Felipe Jácome, from the series Lord of the Mangrove. The mangroves of the Cayapas Mataje Reserve in northern Ecuador are amongst the tallest in the world. In these communities, children as young as 10 years old are expected to pick shells to contribute to their families’ income. I n 2008, Ecuadorian photographer Felipe Jácome penetrated the Cayapas Mataje Reserve. A natural kingdom of entangled roots and branches, muds and water, this mangrove forest located in the northern point of Ecuador spans over 35,000 hectares, hosting in its wooden labyrinth an environmental treasure and a few communities. “It was magical for me. From outside you see trees in the water, but when you step in there you realise it’s something you have never seen”, Jácome recounts. “Lots of environmental experts advocate for the preservation of mangroves because they are a good way of combatting climate change. Luckily, this reserve has had a legal status since the late 90’s. If not, it would have been completely cut down.” And indeed, while Colombia and Ecuador used to be covered in mangroves, 70% of them have disappeared, destroyed by the hand of men for shrimp farming or illegal wood logging. © Felipe Jácome, from the series Lord of the Mangrove. The children that live in the Reserve are extremely agile. They effortlessly climb from branch to branch and navigate through the infinite spider web of roots. Their spryness makes them very efficient shell pickers. Besides the environmental aspect, Jacome focused on the community. “I started to follow the children who work there, picking the shells to earn money. They are disenfranchised communities who have been away for a long time. They are not cash poor because they work every day and are paid 8 cents per shell, but because they live just above the water there is a tremendous problem of sanitation and solid waste management”, he explains. After 10 years of documenting the children, seeing them become adults and the younger brothers being born, Jácome decided to return the photographs to the community and the forest he has so diligently photographed. “These mangrove photos have given me a certain position as a photographer, so I felt I had to give back. I usually print photos to give them because they love it, especially the children, but I had never shown them the whole body of work. And they had never seen a photo or an art exhibit – it’s not something that reaches them”, he explains. © Felipe Jácome. A group of children pose with one of the giant prints exhibited in the Cayapas Mataje mangrove forest. Approximately 400 people from the communities of Tambillo, Pampanal de Bolívar, San Lorenzo, and Palma Real visited the exhibit. As challenging as it is, Jácome printed his photographs on four to six metre-wide vinyl billboards and hung them in the middle of the rainforest. “I hired a boat to come in with people to visit, mainly kids, and have a discussion on the mangrove itself. People there understand the value of the mangrove as a source of income to them, but they don’t know it’s valuable for people outside. It was a way to say that they have something amazing and that the place where they live is very important.” Laurence Cornet is a writer and curator based in Brooklyn focusing on cultural and environmental issues. Getting Closer presents photographic works, mainly in a documentary vein, that speak about the causes and consequences of environmental degradation.

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Every time we turn around, the dreaded Opioid Crisis seems to be growing stronger, despite improved rules set into motion by the U.S. government. What is particularly disturbing is the fact that many of these dangerous substances can be received via a doctor’s prescription. However, authorities have recently warned citizens about a potentially lethal drug that has inched its way into headlines, starting with an infamous alert in 2016. Let’s take a closer look at the deadly new contender in the growing opioid epidemic: carfentanil. The Components of Carfentanil Spearheading a rash of opioid overdoses in New Hampshire, carfentanil is an especially deadly drug that is derived from fentanyl, a chemical that is much more toxic than heroin. In recent studies, researchers have determined the opioid is 10,000 times stronger than morphine and has a potency that is 100 times stronger than fentanyl. Even more disturbing, carfentanil is a primary drug used to tranquilize elephants and other large animals. These facts, above anything else, showcase how deadly this substance is to humans. Dangers to the Public and Law Enforcement Under the Controlled Substances Act, lawmakers have labeled carfentanil as a Schedule II drug and have stressed the importance of exercising caution while handling it. In fact, the drug is so dangerous that members of law enforcement and emergency/rescue teams can suffer severe side effects by touching or inhaling the substance. Even more frightening, Narcan does not seem to counteract a carfentanil overdose. People who accidentally or purposefully consume the drug will exhibit the following symptoms: - Harsh breathing or complete respiratory failure - Lethargy and confusion - Cold skin - Shrunken pupils (pinpoints) - Heart problems or cardiovascular failure Authorities have recently issued information to the public to help civilians identify the drug. Above all else, officials have stressed the importance of one fact: carfentanil can and will kill you. Presently, dealers are selling the drug under the guise of heroin, putting addicts lives at a higher risk than before. Always remember that drugs do not have control over your life. You do. Are you suffering from a substance abuse disorder or addiction? Do you have a friend or family member suffering from one or more of these debilitating illnesses? If you do, get in touch with Asana Recovery today. Our counselors and healthcare experts are ready to walk you through every step of the detox and withdrawal process and rehabilitation and guide you towards living a happier, healthier, and freer lifestyle. While the road to recovery might not be an easy road to travel, we promise to help you every step of the way. Take the first step to stay fit, healthy, and safe. The time for you to take back control of your life is now. If you are interested in one of our residential treatment or supervised detoxification/withdrawal programs, we are ready and waiting to speak with you at your disclosure. Call Asana now at (949) 438-4504 to learn how to overcome your drug addiction troubles today.

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The remains of the Augustinian Abbey at Cong are widely accepted as some of the finest examples of early architecture and masonry in Ireland, and with the beautiful Gothic windows, Romanesque doors, clustered pillars and floral capitals its easy to see why. The original monastery was founded by St Feichin in the early 7th century but was destroyed by fire in the 12th century. High King Turlough Mor O’Connor refounded and rebuilt the abbey then known as the ‘Royal Abbey’, however its construction was interrupted by raiders from Munster who destroyed the buildings in 1137. Turlough’s son Rory O’ Connor constructed new buildings around 1198 and lived the last 15 years of his life at the abbey. Rory O’Connor was the last High King of Ireland prior to the Norman invasion and was buried at the abbey before being exhumed many years later and re-interred at Clonmacnoise. The Norman night William de Burgh attacked Cong in 1203 and destroyed the abbey, yet again the abbey was reconstructed and dedicated to ‘Our Lady of the Rosary’. At the height of its power up to three thousand cenobitic Monks resided within its walls and Cong became known as a great centre of learning, sculpture, illumination of books and metal work. The monastery was suppressed in 1542 under the reign of Henry VII and although some monks continued to use the abbey, it later fell into ruins. As the abbey lay mostly in ruins it served many purposes such as a hospital for the sick, a shelter for the destitute and a hide out for the O’ Connors. The lands of Cong Abbey passed into the hands of the Kings, and later the Binghams, the O’Donnells and finally the Brownes before being bought by Benjamin Guinness who carried out the first restoration of the abbey in 1855, soon after he bought the nearby Ashford Castle. The grounds of Cong Abbey are now attached to a woodland and park, and within its grounds stands the ‘Monk’s Fishing House’. This unusual structure was built on a platform over the River Cong, and a trapdoor provided easy access to the fish that swam in the waters that flowed under the house. According to local tradition the a line was connected from the fishing house to the monastery to alert the cook that fresh fish had been caught. GPS: 53.5402, -9.2868

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The life cycle of T. cruzi is relatively complex, as there are different forms of the parasite in both the insect vector (Reduviid bugs) and mammals (including humans but also many other species); all appear to be well adapted to their respective environments, maximizing transmission potential and/or host immune evasion and, hence, long-term parasite survival. T. cruzi cycles between two biologically and morphologically distinct stages in mammals. The trypomastigotes circulate in the blood, where they do not divide, but can enter various types of cells in the host. Once inside a host cell, T. cruzi trypomastigotes move to the cytoplasm and transform into a more rounded form without a flagellum – known as amastigotes. Amastigotes are the dividing form of T. cruzi in mammals. Following multiple rounds of division over 4-5 days, all within the cytoplasm of the host cells, amastigotes convert back to trypomastigotes and leave the now dying host cell. These released trypomastigotes can then infect other host cells locally or enter the blood circulation where they may invade cells in other tissues in the body or be transmitted to the insects during the course of its feeding. In the insect, these trypomastigotes convert to rapidly dividing epimastigotes which remain in the insect gut. Ultimately, after weeks of replication in the gut, the epimastigotes differentiate into metacyclic trypomastigotes, a stage similar to the blood-form trypomastigotes and capable of initiating infection in mammals. T. cruzi has a rather unique way of infecting mammals. Rather than being transmitted by the bite of its insect vector, metacyclic trypomastigotes are extruded as the infected insect feed – leaving them deposited on the skin of victim. The parasites themselves have no way of invading through the unbroken skin and thus must be mechanically introduced – e.g. through scratching the bite site or rubbing the feces into the mouth or eyes, where the parasites can find hospitable cells to invade. It has been proposed that Charles Darwin had Chagas disease – because of his many ailments and his documentation that he allowed a reduviid bug take a blood meal from him. However it seems very unlikely that this single encounter (even if it was with an insect infected by T. cruzi) resulted in infection of Darwin. This is not an easy infection (for humans) to get – simply traveling in an endemic area or even being bitten by an infected reduviid bug is not likely to result in infection. However eating raw food contaminated by the feces of infected insects is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for infection. It has also recently been reported that bed bugs can carry T. cruzi and thus are potentially infectious to humans. However transfer of infection from bed bugs to humans (or to other animals, except possibly by the ingestion of bed bugs) has not been reported.

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NTM: Causes Make an Appointment Refer a Patient Ask a Question Reviewed by Shannon H. Kasperbauer, MD (July 01, 2017) Unlike tuberculosis (TB), which is spread from person to person, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are not considered contagious. How and why people become infected with NTM is not clear. The nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) causes are still under investigation. Although the bacteria is found easily in water and soil, they do not affect most people. Doctors believe that some people who become infected have an unknown defect in their lung structure or function or in their immune systems. People who have damaged lung tissue from diseases such as emphysema, bronchiectasis, adult cystic fibrosis or previous infection appear to be at greater risk for developing a NTM infection. People who have a suppressed immune system, such as those who receive strong immunosuppressant medications like prednisone or newer immunosuppressants like TNF inhibitors, have a greater risk of developing an NTM infection. The infection may affect all organs of the body, not just the lungs. People with AIDS may also develop NTM infections. There are studies that have shown a higher burden of infection in states with higher water vapor content. There is also supportive evidence for people acquiring the infection from their local water supply. In considering an apparent increase in the number of NTM lung disease seen over the past 25 years, it has been noted by researchers in the field, such as Dr. Pace in Boulder and Dr. Falkinham in Virginia, that NTM are commonly recovered from home water systems. There are several theories regarding the increasing incidence of infection. One relates to showering rather than bathing in a tub. Showering in a closed stall exposes the user to a higher aerosol concentration of NTM. In addition, to save energy, water heaters have lower temperatures now, which could allow more NTM growth in the water. The materials used in homes may be more supportive for biofilm growth, which is a hospitable environment for these organisms to grow. Water filters are now used in most homes. They remove the organic compounds that make our water taste bad, but they do not filter out mycobacteria. In fact, the filters themselves may serve as a breeding ground for organisms and allow for higher concentrations of mycobacteria compared to unfiltered water. Finally, there are data to indicate that aspiration of water, either through swallowing or gastroesophageal reflux, is a way that mycobacteria gain access to the lungs to cause disease. NTM: Types NTM: Symptoms Clinical Trials For more than 100 years, National Jewish Health has been committed to finding new treatments and cures for diseases. Search our clinical trials.

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In the wake of the deadly school shooting in Parkland, Florida, both superintendents of the Cache and Logan school districts have recently communicated to teachers, students, staff and parents. The message both share: our schools have tools available to prevent such tragedies from happening. Both superintendents touted the importance of fostering a spirit of inclusion in schools among students. “Student-led organizations provide opportunities for peers to lift and look out for one another,” said Cache County Superintendent Steve Norton in a statement. “The goal is to ensure that each student in our district is known and valued as an individual.” Logan School Superintendent Frank Schofield said Logan High and Mount Logan Middle School have recently implemented a program referred to as Hope Squads. “Hope Squads are groups of students,” Schofield explained in a statement, “who are trained to recognize signs of emotional distress in their peers, and then help those peers interact with school employees in order to access the mental health supports they need.” Schofield said that as students receive that support they are less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors, such as violence towards themselves and/or others. Schofield also said that recent technology programs at Logan High have made it possible for teachers and administrators to monitor any inappropriate computer usage, then respond accordingly. Another piece of technology was also emphasized by both superintendents: the SafeUT app. “It allows users to submit anonymous tips to mental health providers, school administration, and law enforcement regarding threats of harm,” Schofield explained. “It also allows individuals in crisis the opportunity to make personal contact with trained mental health professionals. “All of our students and staff have been presented with the app, and our administrators receive notifications if their schools are referenced in any of the tips provided.” Norton said it is a great tool for students and parents to use if they do not feel comfortable sharing information face-to-face. Norton also recommended the site Anonymous Tip as a resource. Quick communication and response from law enforcement are other key issues both superintendents feel are necessary to keep students and faculty safe. “Our district is in the process of implementing an Emergency Communication System in every school which improves the ability of school personnel and law enforcement to communicate in an emergency,” stated Norton. Schofield explained that the Logan School District has a similar system which allows rapid communication between school staff and first responders. The system is referred to as DIR-S. “DIR-S allows first responders and staff to identify the location of a threat on a real-time map of the school, which allows a faster response time by police and firefighters,” stated Schofield. The map function also allows school staff to make informed decisions regarding their response to emergencies, particularly when and how to evacuate a classroom. This program is new to our schools this year, and training for staff is ongoing.” The other things that are ongoing in both districts are safety drills. Schools in both districts regularly hold various drills, which include shelter in place and school evacuations so students know how to act in certain situations. Over the course of this last year the Cache County School District has retrofitted every classroom so teachers can lock their doors from the inside. Superintendent Norton also emphasized the relationship the schools have with the Cache County Sheriffs Office. “Our district, in cooperation with the Cache County Sheriff’s office, employs school resource officers who work at each high school and are available to assist in an emergency,” Norton explained. “Local first responders receive training specific to dealing with issues in school settings. Officers also visit our elementary and middle schools frequently to provide age-appropriate training and to establish positive relationships with students.” Both superintendents closed their statements with commitments to keep students and faculty safe while at school. Both districts continue to evaluate safety protocols and engage with other organizations to improve security and to further support students and staff. Superintendent Norton also provided links to various resources to help students and their families cope with and understand the tragic events in Florida. School Shootings and Other Traumatic Events: How To Talk To Students (National Education Association) Talking to Children About Tragedies and Other News Events (American Academy of Pediatrics) How to Help Kids Feel Safe After Tragedy (PBS Parents) Emotional Distress from Incidents of Mass Violence (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration)

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Democrat Danica Roem defeated incumbent Del. Robert G. Marshall (R) on Nov. 7 and became Virginia’s first openly transgender elected official. (Claritza Jimenez/The Washington Post) - The electoral race focused on traffic and other local issues in suburban Prince William County but also exposed the nation’s fault lines over gender identity. Individuals who identify as transgender tend to experience higher rates of mental health issues than the general population. More than 41 percent of trans men and women are estimated to have attempted suicide — a rate that's nearly nine times as high as the rate of cisgender Americans. Depression and Anxiety issues rate at 19 percent higher than that of the general population. What is the basis of this astonishingly elevated rate of mental health issues? According to a study published in the July 2016 edition of The Lancet offers compelling evidence that the "distress and impairment, considered essential characteristics of mental disorders" among transgender individuals mainly arises in response to the discrimination, stigma, lack of acceptance, and abuse they face on an unfortunately regular basis. Shame and Stigma Transgender people are often treated very poorly by their parents, by their schools, by society at large. That can lead to problems in school and at work, as well as poverty and increased risk of substance use. Psychologists have been exploring the effect that stigma, rejection, discrimination, and abuse have on mental and physical health for decades. For many adults, dealing with discrimination results in a state of heightened vigilance and changes in behavior, which in itself triggers stress responses — now picture the effects of those triggers throughout childhood or through puberty! A life of rejection, discrimination, abuse, and other mistreatments of transgender individuals can impede their psychosocial and identity formation. There's a theory in Heinz Kohut's self-psychology, that “you only develop a fully formed 'self' if three pivotal needs are met”: Mirroring - a caregiver's accurate and consistent reflection of your emotional state Idealization - someone to look up to; a role model Twinship - having someone who is 'like you,' that makes you feel you aren't alone in the world Many trans people grow up without one or all of these crucial elements, which leaves them feeling isolated, unprotected, and much more vulnerable to life's inevitable stressors. Gender Dysphoria (GD) is the new term for Gender Identity Disorder. Gender dysphoria (GD), or gender identity disorder (GID), is the distress a person experiences as a result of the sex and gender they were assigned at birth. In this case, the assigned sex and gender do not match the person's gender identity, and the person is transgender. To be clear, transgender identity is not a mental illness that can be cured with treatment. Instead, transgender people often experience a continued and authentic disconnect between the sex assigned to them at birth and their internal sense of who they are. This disconnect is referred to by medical professionals as “gender dysphoria” because it can cause undue pain and distress in the lives of transgender people. Gender Dysphoria isn’t just a phase and it’s not something you can change. Sure, most children and teens go through “phases” – like only wearing all black, dyeing their hair green, being obsessed with a celebrity or asking to go by a pseudonym – but being transgender is not a phase, and trying to dismiss it as such can be harmful during a time when your child or teen most need support and validation. Trying to change your child’s gender identity – either by denial, punishment, reparative therapy or any other tactic – is not only ineffective; it is dangerous and can do permanent damage to your child’s mental health. So-called “reparative” or “conversion” therapies, which are typically religious-based, have been uniformly condemned as psychologically harmful by the American Psychological Association, the American Medical Association, the American Psychiatric Association, and numerous similar professional organizations. Stigma associated with both mental disorder and transgender identity has contributed to the precarious legal status, human rights violations and barriers to appropriate care among transgender people - so, when it comes to exploring the complexity of transgender mental health, Is there something hereditary about being transgender that makes one more at risk for mental health issues, or is it about how society treats transgender people? Melanie has a background in healthcare administration and in digital content creation and is currently a copywriter for Yes Wellness. She has written for many online publications- vets4vets.us, selfgrowth.com, and healthblow.com to list a few. You can read more about her at her linkedin profile or contact her at mel3lle - at - gmail.com

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Being a barrier organ, the skin is particularly exposed to damaging effects of our environment. After injury of this barrier the tissue damage needs to be repaired as quickly as possible and the skin’s protective function must be restored. Normal wound healing is of high priority for the organism. Formation of scab is necessary to avoid excessive losses of water and heat through the wound as well as dehydration of the wound. This also provides protection from exogenous influences, infections and mechanical irritation. Under normal circumstances, wound healing takes place smoothly and the barrier function is quickly restored. Phases of wound healing Immediately after injury of the skin repair mechanism are starting in order to restore the skin’s barrier function as quickly as possible. The entire wound healing process comprises a number of individual phases. A common characteristic is the activation, co-operation, and secretion of different cell types. The inflammation (proliferative) phase is also a cleansing phase. When the wound is healing, the cleaning process predominates. Phases of wound healing During the latent phase, processes involving the removal of cell debris prevail. Defense against infections and the healing process are starting slowly. In this phase the risk of infection is high. In the subsequent proliferation phase, successful defense against wound infection is most likely due to the formation of new blood vessels in the connective tissue. During that time, all defense mechanisms are mobilized. All overall, this wound healing phase offers the best requirements for a quick, smooth wound repair. About one week after injury, the reparative phase of the healing process begins and the wound closure is starting. Physiology of wound healing Wound repair and defense against wound infection require a properly working endogenous defense system. Macrophages are the key cells of the immune system. This Greek word means ‘big eaters’, as they engulf and incorporate pathogens before digesting them. Macrophages are present in all tissues and in the lymph fluid. Macrophage ingesting bacteria On closer inspection of the wound healing, the individual phases of wound healing can be distinguished by their characteristic features. After injury, blood coagulation is activated primarily, and macrophages and granulocytes immigrate. Macrophages cleanse the wound while granulocytes fight against bacteria that have entered the wound. This cleansing/inflammation phase is normally followed by the proliferation phase. New connective tissue is synthesized, vessels emerge into the wound area, and the tissue defect is slowly refilling. Keratinocytes (cells in the epidermis) migrate across the temporary connective tissue and close the defect. Wound closure is followed for some time by rebuilding processes in the connective tissue, which is summarized as cicatrisation phase. Wound healing disorders and problem wounds Wound healing disorders are a considerable medical problem. If normal wound healing mechanisms are inhibited by different primary diseases, even a minor injury can result in a poorly healing wound. For an efficient therapy the primary disease needs to be identified and treated, and the pathologically disturbed healing process has to be normalized in a specific way. In rare cases the wound healing process may fail to appear, resulting in a problem wound needing a long treatment period. In fact, there are many diseases that impede normal wound healing. Therefore, patient’s primary diseases should always be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of wound healing disorders. Examples of problem wounds include:

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Where Do Cockroaches Come Copyright 2011 Shawn Cole. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.) restaurants and businesses apartment buildings and homes - German cockroaches are carried in with the packages of food delivered from warehouses and suppliers - The more deliveries of food and cardboard boxes with equipment -- the greater chance there are cockroaches are in the packages - Cockroaches travel through the attached buildings from one business to another through the walls -- traveling on electrical wires and water pipes and through the hollow walls to the next attached - People who work where food is being served and delivered can find that cockroaches climb onto their clothing and are brought home with - Cockroaches and their eggs may be in the paper bags and cardboard boxes from stores and carried into the apartment / home. - Visitors may have cockroaches in their home and accidentally bring them to a friend's apartment when visiting - If the apartment buildings or stores are attached to other buildings -- the cockroaches may travel through the walls from one apartment building to another apartment building and from one apartment to another within the same building using the electrical wiring and water pipes and crawl through the hollow spots behind the walls to find more food and water. German cockroaches want to live in dark protected areas of your building. This means behind the baseboards, behind your walls, under refrigerators and stoves, behind loose wallpaper, in cracks and crevices in the floors, doors and walls, etc. These pets hide during the day and come out at night when the room is dark in order to find food and water. more eggs in these dark, hidden places. Those eggs hatch over a series of months to produce small cockroaches that will grow to lay more eggs in those dark, hidden places. Happens When Cole Home Maintenance Cole Home Maintenance sprays pesticides in all those dark, hidden areas of your building to kill the cockroaches where they live. It is very common for hundreds of cockroaches to start running from the baseboards and walls out into the room as they try to get away from the The cockroaches that are living deeper into the walls will try to get away from the pesticides that are now inside your walls. They will come into contact with the pesticide and either die inside the walls or try to get into the center of the room. a period of days, weeks and months, the cockroach eggs will hatch and smaller cockroaches may be seen. As these come into contact with the long-term pesticides and baits that Cole Home Maintenance has sprayed, they too will die. This will continue to happen for months as the eggs continue to hatch from the eggs until the eggs are As new cockroaches are brought into the building from food shipments and cardboard boxes, on people's clothing, traveling from one apartment to another, from one store to another, they will find that they cannot hide behind the baseboards and walls. They will continue to look for new places to hide. As they look for shelter behind baseboards and inside walls, they find the pesticides and die. Many exterminator companies only use a pesticide that lasts either hours or at most a few days. They don't spend the time necessary to spray all the locations where cockroaches live and don't want to spend the money to use the more expensive pesticides and baits. The result is that they never get rid of those cockroaches. MAINTENANCE sprays the pesticides for the immediate killing of these pests and then applies a long term (2 month) pesticide to continue killing them long after the liquid spray GET RID OF THOSE COCKROACHES! (Federal law requires that pesticides are manufactured to only last a few months in order to protect the environment)

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Every single plant needs to be constantly monitored and maintained in order to make it efficient. We check that all the production results match the planned goals; respecting always the laws and the rules that regulate these kind of energy plants. An energy plant is something which works every single day of the year, 24 h. a day, so it needs accurate maintenance and control regardless of an eventual damage and malfunctions. Only in this way the energy plants can work properly and used in the right way will give its perfect efficiency. The Scheduled Maintenance (Preventive maintenance CEI 56-40) This planned maintenance allows anyone to verify over time the general conditions of a plant and all its components pledging that the productivity will match the planned results. Preventive Maintenance is accomplished with regular testing of the plant, inspecting every component of the generator in order to guarantee the perfect use of all its parts. This checking activity constantly safeguards the plants’ efficiency at high standards respecting the scheduled production results. Corrective Maintenance (CEI 56-40) Corrective maintenance is the activity we put into action after a mechanical failure has been noticed in order to solve the malfunction and allow the machine to work properly as usual. Predictive Maintenance is the activity of controlling and valuating all standards of operations in a plant, so that we are able to notice a potential anomaly and immediately act to set, upgrade, repair and change the malfunctioning parts before a breakage happens or before a notable drop in production. Remote Monitoring gives a constant analysis of the production standards and establishes that project predictions will be respected; in addiction it ascertains any possible functional anomaly that could negatively affect the production of energy. This service is carried out by our operative centre and it confers the benefit of constantly monitoring the energy plant, verifying the functioning of every single part and the production in detail, in order to troubleshoot any potential failure otherwise not immediately revealed. To perform this crucial task a plant must be equipped with a device able to record and send all the data relating to every single component. If the plant is devoid of a specific monitoring device we can supply and install it. Supervision of the production standars The supervision of the production standards allows us to analyze the real yield of the plant and consequently follow the expected business plan. Monitoring the production data makes it possible to check and send energy consumption tracking to the GSE (Energy Service Network) on behalf of the National Network Operator (usually ‘ENEL’). This service is accomplished by detecting the consumption remotely or on site by the electrical meters.

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At the root of all our thoughts, emotions and behaviours is the communication between neurons within our brains. Brainwaves are produced by synchronised electrical pulses from masses of neurons communicating with each other. Delta waves (.5 to 3 Hz) Delta brainwaves are slow, loud brainwaves (low frequency and deeply penetrating, like a drum beat). They are generated in deepest meditation and dreamless sleep. Delta waves suspend external awareness and are the source of empathy. Healing and regeneration are stimulated in this state, and that is why deep restorative sleep is so essential to the healing process. Theta waves (3 to 8 Hz) Theta brainwaves occur most often in sleep but are also dominant in deep meditation. Theta is our gateway to learning, memory, and intuition. In theta, our senses are withdrawn from the external world and focused on signals originating from within. It is that twilight state which we normally only experience fleetingly as we wake or drift off to sleep. In theta we are in a dream; vivid imagery, intuition and information beyond our normal conscious awareness. It’s where we hold our ‘stuff’, our fears, troubled history, and nightmares. Alpha waves (8 to 12 Hz) Alpha brainwaves are dominant during quietly flowing thoughts, and in some meditative states. Alpha is ‘the power of now’, being here, in the present. Alpha is the resting state for the brain. Alpha waves aid overall mental coordination, calmness, alertness, mind/body integration and learning. Beta waves (12 to 38 Hz) Beta brainwaves dominate our normal waking state of consciousness when attention is directed towards cognitive tasks and the outside world. Beta is a ‘fast’ activity, present when we are alert, attentive, engaged in problem solving, judgment, decision making, or focused mental activity. Beta brainwaves are further divided into three bands; Lo-Beta (Beta1, 12-15Hz) can be thought of as a 'fast idle', or musing. Beta (Beta2, 15-22Hz) is high engagement or actively figuring something out. Hi-Beta (Beta3, 22-38Hz) is highly complex thought, integrating new experiences, high anxiety, or excitement. Continual high frequency processing is not a very efficient way to run the brain, as it takes a tremendous amount of energy. Gamma waves (38 to 42 Hz) Gamma brainwaves are the fastest of brain waves (high frequency, like a flute), and relate to simultaneous processing of information from different brain areas. Gamma brainwaves pass information rapidly and quietly. The most subtle of the brainwave frequencies, the mind has to be quiet to access gamma. Gamma was dismissed as 'spare brain noise' until researchers discovered it was highly active when in states of universal love, altruism, and the ‘higher virtues’. Gamma is also above the frequency of neuronal firing, so how it is generated remains a mystery. It is speculated that gamma rhythms modulate perception and consciousness, and that a greater presence of gamma relates to expanded consciousness and spiritual emergence. What brainwaves mean to you Our brainwave profile and our daily experience of the world are inseparable. When our brainwaves are out of balance, there will be corresponding problems in our emotional or neuro-physical health. Research has identified brainwave patterns associated with all sorts of emotional and neurological conditions. more... Over-arousal in certain brain areas is linked with anxiety disorders, sleep problems, nightmares, hyper-vigilance, impulsive behaviour, anger/aggression, agitated depression, chronic nerve pain and spasticity. Under-arousal in certain brain areas leads to some types of depression, attention deficit, chronic pain and insomnia. A combination of under-arousal and over-arousal is seen in cases of anxiety, depression and ADHD. more... Instabilities in brain rhythms correlate with tics, obsessive-compulsive disorder, aggressive behaviour, rage, bruxism, panic attacks, bipolar disorder, migraines, narcolepsy, epilepsy, sleep apnea, vertigo, tinnitus, anorexia/bulimia, PMT, diabetes, hypoglycaemia and explosive behaviour. more...

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A Pratyekabuddha (Sanskrit: प्रत्येक बुद्ध) or Paccekabuddha (Pāli: पच्चेकबुद्ध), literally "a lone buddha", "a buddha on their own" or "a private buddha", is one of three types of enlightened beings according to some schools of Buddhism. The other two types are the Śrāvakabuddhas and Samyaksambuddhas. Pratyekabuddhas are said to achieve enlightenment on their own, without the use of teachers or guides, according to some traditions by contemplating the principle of dependent arising. They are said to arise only in ages where there is no Buddha and the Buddhist teachings (Sanskrit: dharma; Pāli: dhamma) are lost. Many may arise at a single time. Unlike Supreme Buddhas (see bodhi), their enlightenment is not foretold. Some schools assert that pratyekabuddhas are not omniscient, while others say that they are the same (in realisation) as Bodhisattvas, but do not have the will to teach the entire Dharma. The Mahayana schools considered the Pratyekabuddhas to be self-centred and contrasted them unfavourably with the Bodhisattva. According to the Theravada school, after rediscovering the path on their own, Paccekabuddhas are unable to teach the Dhamma, which requires the omniscience and supreme compassion of a Sammasambuddha, and even He hesitates to attempt to teach. Pratyekabuddhas do give moral teachings, but do not bring others to enlightenment. They leave no saṅgha as a legacy to carry on the Dharma. Pratyekabuddhas (e.g. Darīmukha J.378, Sonaka J.529) appear as teachers of Buddhist doctrine in pre-Buddhist times in several of the Jātakas. The experiences and enlightenment verses uttered by Pratyekabuddhas are narrated in the Khaggavisāna-sutta of the Sutta Nipāta. The yāna or vehicle by which pratyekabuddhas achieve enlightenment is called the pratyekayāna, the "on-one's-own vehicle", in Mahayana tradition. Pratyekabuddhas (Skt.; Tib. rang sangyé; Wyl. rang sangs rgyas), or 'solitary realisers', are followers of the basic vehicle who attain the level of a pratyekabuddha arhat by themselves, in solitude. They first hear the teachings of the Buddha, then study and reflect upon the twelve links of interdependent origination, and accumulate merit for a hundred kalpas. They pray to be reborn in a world to which no buddha has come, and they attain realization without relying on a teacher. They usually teach visually rather than verbally; for example, by displaying miracles such as transforming the upper part of their bodies into fire, and the lower part into water. They are sometimes referred to as 'intermediate buddhas' and their enlightenment is considered to be a higher form of realization than that of shravakas for two reasons: their accumulation of merit, and their accumulation of wisdom. The shravakas accumulate merit for up to sixteen lifetimes, whereas pratyekabuddhas accumulate merit for a hundred kalpas. In their accumulation of wisdom, shravakas only realise one type of selflessness – the selflessness of the individual – whereas pratyekabuddhas also realise half of the selflessness of phenomena. For the same reasons, the pratyekabuddhas' realization is considered inferior to the full enlightenment of those following the bodhisattva path. A bodhisattva accumulates merit for three countless aeons and fully realises both types of selflessness. There are two kinds of solitary realisers: - ↑ They are called ‘parrot-like’ because they remain together in groups, unlike the ‘rhinoceros-like’ pratyekabuddha arhats who stay by themselves.

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What you need to know about HIV. Being diagnosed with HIV can be a traumatic experience – both mentally and physically, and can leave you feeling confused, angry and sad. Following your diagnosis and initial shock, you may have several questions going around in your head. Here at MTV Shuga we’ve listened to your concerns and have come up with ten questions you may have at this moment. There’s so much more to learn about being HIV positive, but this information can be a good start… Here are ten things that you should know about HIV/AIDS: - Can the result be wrong? It can take a while for HIV to be detected in your bloodstream, so when you’re first tested and found to be HIV positive, there is a second test carried out to make sure the initial result is correct. The second test is usually carried out after three months and is known as the window period. - Am I going to die? This is a massive fear for a lot of people. But when it comes to HIV, the most important thing is to get on the right treatment as early as possible. Once you have HIV, you have it for life but taking medication, exercising regularly and watching what you eat will help you maintain good health and allow you to live a long and full life. - Is there a cure? Despite reports, there are currently no known cures for HIV. Scientists all over the world are searching for a cure but for now the research continues. Medicine advances all the time and HIV treatment has gone from strength to strength, with one pill a day (instead of ten) a good way of keeping you fit. - Am I going to infect someone else? HIV is not transmitted by day-to-day activities or by contact with objects, foods or clothes. This means that you can hug, shake hands, share toilet seats, and use the same cutlery without infecting your nearest and dearest. - Can I still have sex? As long as you strap up, wrap up or whatever you want to call it, using a condom and taking the necessary precautions can help you have a safe and busy sex life. If you are in a relationship with someone who has a negative status, they could consider taking PrEP. PrEP helps reduce a partner’s risk of getting HIV. - Will I lose my job? In a lot of countries, it is illegal for your boss to fire you because you have HIV. Taking a test before getting hired, or having to tell your boss that you’re positive are things of the past. You are in no way required to tell your boss or fellow workers that you have HIV, and can tell them only if YOU want to. - How do I tell my friends and family? Everyone has their own way. All situations are different. There are people you can speak to and ask for help with telling your family. Your local clinic can direct you to support groups where people share their experience of dealing with HIV, and find out how others told their families. Yet, everyone is unique and only you can truly know the best way to explain your status. - If I have kids, will my baby be positive too? ARVs can help keep your viral load low, meaning that pregnancies, child births and even breastfeeding can be perfectly safe for a new baby. There is less than a 5% chance of passing on HIV from a pregnant mum to her child if the right medication is taken. - Can I travel abroad and live in another country? Most countries are pretty chilled and don’t stop people with HIV from coming to explore and live in their countries. However, with everything, not everyone is on the same page and some states may not let people with HIV settle in their countries. The majority of places, including America nowadays, will welcome you as the free-spirited traveler you are, so don’t worry about the fearful few who are less welcoming. It’s their loss. - How’s my life going to change? Life does change when people find out they’re HIV positive. Life, however, doesn’t stop. Life with HIV looks different to what it might have before, but that does not mean you can’t follow the dreams you previously had. Exercise, clean food, less alcohol and daily medication are some of the ways in which your life will change. Making these changes can help keep the virus in the blood almost undetectable, and help keep you healthy.

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For a long time, people thought of asbestos as a miracle fiber. It was tough and naturally heat resistant. Manufacturers used it as insulation and even as a fire retardant. It was in ceiling tiles, floor tiles, siding, and everywhere. Then in the 1970s, the material’s bad side began to emerge to the public. Companies had known for seven decades before that that breathing asbestos dust would cause disease, including by the 1940s that it caused cancer, but kept the dangers hidden. They had put the people who worked with the material at risk, including countless construction workers. Construction workers still at risk While some asbestos products have since been banned, the government has not yet issued a full ban. Meanwhile, there’s no shortage of asbestos already built into the nation’s buildings. Homes, schools, offices and other buildings built through 1980 are often laced with the deadly carcinogen. This means that construction workers can still risk asbestos exposure whenever they work in these buildings. The EPA claims that materials with asbestos are safe until they start to break down or are disturbed in any way, but they become a problem when the fibers are released. Construction workers risk breaking down these materials anytime they drill, cut or otherwise work with them. Following the rules to stay safe To protect workers from the dangers of asbestos, the government has created a long list of rules to limit exposure. Companies working with asbestos need to pay attention to both the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The EPA has asbestos rules for all public buildings, including schools, offices and apartment buildings with four or more residences. Its rules require businesses to: - Contact the state before renovating any building that might exceed asbestos thresholds - Work with trained asbestos professionals to contain the work site - Follow strict air cleaning guidelines - Dispose of the material according to standards Additionally, the EPA encourages businesses to track and deal with the deterioration of the asbestos in their buildings. Of course, businesses don’t always follow the rules. But if there’s an asbestos plan for the place you’re working, that’s generally a good sign. OSHA has its own rules to protect your workplace safety. These include: - Qualified exposure assessments - Mandatory personal exposure testing - Limits on airborne asbestos levels - Taking steps to limit workers’ hours in exposed areas - Providing protective equipment - Strict guidelines for different types of work The agencies’ combined rules are long and complicated, but they aim to save lives. Don’t shortcut your health Pay attention to your worksite. When you work on an older building, you should see the owner and your employer taking efforts to keep you safe. If they aren’t, they may be sacrificing your health and future.

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https://www.braytonlaw.com/blog/2020/01/how-can-construction-workers-fight-asbestos-exposure/

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IITA’s main priority is securing a stable and food secure future for sub-Saharan Africa. To do this we focus on key research themes that look at staple food crops, including banana and plantain, cassava, cowpea, maize, soybean, and yam. Enhancing nutritional value The majority of the population in Africa lives in rural areas and depends on what they grow to feed themselves. However, most rely on a major staple that offers calories but usually inadequate nutrients leading to malnutrition or “hidden hunger”. We develop better crop varieties with enhanced yield and that are suitable for tropical agroecologies, with tolerance or resistance to pests and diseases, and difficult environmental conditions. These varieties have traits that satisfy the changing dem ands of processors and consumers, and are improved using advanced biotechnological tools. Enhancing crops through selective breeding and genetic modification means we are able to release better varieties to farmers throughout the region. At IITA we are especially concerned with nutrition and health, getting women and youths involved in agriculture, and exp anding agribusiness opportunities. We help ensure the development of supportive policies and institutions for smallholder producers to increase their income through better access to markets. We look at poverty reduction strategies and conducive policy frameworks to ensure the impact of our work, and enhance the nutritional quality of food products along the crop value chains. Our R4D outputs are commercialized into agricultural products, helping to stimulate effective private–public partnerships. Our research themes are designed to provide solutions for agricultural and developmental challenges facing rural farming communities and urban populations alike, while leveraging business interests to boost the economy. Through our research, we want to make sure that long-term growth in the agricultural sector includes and benefits everyone in the region. Making healthy crops Developing healthy crops goes h and in h and with crop improvement. We develop ecologically sustainable, economically profitable, and socially acceptable solutions for pest, pathogen, and weed control, and climate change constraints. We also promote promising crop management options for specific climatic and cropping system conditions, and approaches that facilitate the availability and dissemination of good quality planting materials to farmers. Concentrating on pest and disease management, healthy seed distribution and toxin control, IITA can guarantee that our improved crop varieties stay healthy and productive. Managing natural resources We find ways to manage natural resources in a sustainable way. We work on natural resource management, particularly on sustainable intensification of farming systems. We study soil biological processes, beneficial organisms and their mechanisms, management strategies, and soil input products ensuring effective nutrient-use. We develop best-fit integrated soil fertility management practices with local communities, including matching improved germplasm and technologies, and using farmers’ innovations. Combating the effects of climate change means farmers can keep producing food and yet still enhance environmental resiliency.

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CC-MAIN-2020-10

https://www.iita.org/research/our-research-themes/

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A New Agrobacterium Strain for Plant Transformation TS-015270 — A new Agrobacterium strain was recovered from soybean field soil that has shown a 10 to 100-fold increase in plant transformation rates, particularly for soybean Agrobacterium is a Gram-negative, plant pathogenic soil bacterium that has the unique capacity to transfer some of its DNA to specific cells in the plant host. Over the past 35 years, this bacterium has played a central role in basic scientific research and applied agricultural biotechnology in th… Agrobacterium is a Gram-negative, plant pathogenic soil bacterium that has the unique capacity to transfer some of its DNA to specific cells in the plant host. Over the past 35 years, this bacterium has played a central role in basic scientific research and applied agricultural biotechnology in the production of transgenic plants. While there are many different bacterial strains of Agrobacterium that exist in nature, only a few different strains are widely used in most laboratories and no strains have been isolated, selected and disarmed based on their presence in the field soil where a specific crop has been grown. Although efficiencies of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation have improved tremendously over the past 30 years, further improvements are still needed. Transformation of soybean using Agrobacterium remains challenging and is best described as consistent but inefficient. A new soybean-derived Agrobacterium strain may lead to efficiencies that have never before been achievable, using known strains that were previously isolated from cherry or cucumber. There remains a significant need for improved or novel strains of Agrobacterium capable of effectively and efficiently transforming soybean. Researchers at The Ohio State University led by Dr. John Finer have discovered "JTND", a novel Agrobacterium strain isolated from the soil in a soybean field that possesses enhanced transformation attributes for soybean. Most laboratories consistently use only a select few number of Agrobacterium strains for transformation of most plants including soybean, and the most common strain used is EHA105, which was found associated with a cherry tree in New York. However, the newly isolated strain JTND was found in a soybean field in North Dakota and gives a 10-100-fold improvement in soybean transformation over EHA105. Transformation efficiency was determined by directly counting the numbers of transformed plant cells using the GFP reporter gene in different strains. The JTND strain and the disarmed SBHT strain derived from JTND could be extremely useful to all laboratories that undertake soybean transformation studies. This remarkable 10-100-fold increase would save both time and effort in the production and evaluation of transgenic crops. - Agriculture biotechnology - Plant Transgenics - Increased efficiency - A 10-100-fold improvement in soybean transformation over EHA105

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https://ceo.osu.edu/technologies/new-agrobacterium-strain-plant-transformation

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Sometimes, hearing loss does not come alone. Rather, it strikes a person early in life, appearing hand-in-hand with movement difficulties, vision problems and behavioral anomalies, affecting males predominantly. This condition is called deafness-dystonia-optic neuropathy or Mohr-Tranebjærg syndrome. Signs of Deafness Dystonia Syndrome Most commonly, the first manifestation of this disease is inner ear nerve damage, occurring in early childhood and resulting in gradual hearing loss. The loss of hearing gets more and more severe in time, leading to complete deafness by the age of 10. However, in most cases of this syndrome, motor functions of the sufferer get affected during teenage years. The muscles of the victims may become prone to spasms and involuntary tension. On the other hand, some individuals may experience inability to perform certain motor functions. As the disease progresses, this plethora of complications escalates. As for vision impairment, it strikes during teenage years as well, initially manifesting through sensitivity to light exposure or some other problems regarding eyesight. With time, vision of these people loses quality and becomes blurry, only to result in complete loss of sight in mid-adulthood. Additionally, during these severe changes which affect the human body suffering from this syndrome, behavioral changes strike as well, making matters even worse. Namely, aggressiveness, paranoid behavior and mood swings are just some of the complications affecting one's personality. By the age of 40, people suffering from deafness dystonia may become demented. Only individuals with less severe forms of this condition have managed to live enough to reach their 60s. Facts about Deafness Dystonia Syndrome This condition is extremely rare and less than 70 cases have been reported throughout history until today. The deafness dystonia syndrome is triggered by a genetic mutation in the TIMM8A gene. Since this gene is responsible for production of TIMM13 protein complex which transports other proteins inside the mitochondria, the mutation results in problems regarding this function and the genesis of all the symptoms and signs of deafness dystonia syndrome. The X chromosome is the location of the faulty gene. Since males have a single X chromosome, the mutation chances are significantly increased. In women, having two X chromosomes, both of them would need to mutate in order for this condition to arise. Hence the risk group encompasses men. Nevertheless, females with the faulty gene may develop hearing loss and dystonia too. Finally, men who carry the faulty X gene cannot transfer it to their children.

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https://ic.steadyhealth.com/deafness-dystonia-syndrome

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With childhood obesity on the rise—a recent study found that nearly one-third of all American children qualify as either overweight or obese—it’s imperative for parents to take a proactive approach to the problem. Here’s why it’s so important to encourage children to remain active and the steps you can take as a parent to help that happen. Active Play Is Critical to Childhood Development Play is more than just a means of diversion; it’s an important social function that helps to foster strong childhood development. That’s why daily PE and sports are part of the elementary school curriculum. Active play helps children develop coordination, sportsmanship, and a sense of fairness. Children who don’t engage in enough active play may be less developed socially as well as physically, leading to issues with anxiety and depression down the road. In addition, the endorphin boost provided by exercise is bound to help children maintain a positive attitude and regular sleep patterns. Set Limits on Screen Time It seems as though this advice can be found everywhere these days, and with good reason. Children who spend the majority of their waking lives in front of a screen are far more likely to be overweight than their peers. They may also have more difficulty engaging with children or adults face-to-face, which can lead to behavioral problems or anxiety. Set a maximum for total screen time per day and stick to it. You may want to tack on a little extra time for weekends versus weekdays, especially if you don’t feel able to stick to the regular schedule yourself. But, continue to stress that outdoor time should be spent engaging in physical activities. It’s equally important for parents to set a good example by following their own advice in this regard. Go to the Playground One of the best ways to encourage children to play outside is to visit a neighborhood playground. Equipment like jungle gyms, monkey bars, seesaws and hand-turned merry-go-rounds all encourage children to play in ways that encourage their mental and physical development. They can also enjoy running around and interacting with other children. When you take kids to the playground, you’re allowing them to have some measure of freedom while keeping an eye on them at all times. If you’re a protective parent who worries that your children might injure themselves during these types of activities, try to lay your fears to rest. Playgrounds are a lot safer today than they were back when you were a kid. Innovations like rubber playground flooring, guard rails and sunshades facilitate the kind of free-form play that children crave while helping to prevent injury. Sign Them Up for Sports Organized sports offer a great opportunity for children to learn the importance of teamwork. They’ll also learn how to win gracefully and how to handle defeat. The discipline and guidance they acquire will be beneficial in many aspects of their future lives, even if they aren’t necessarily gifted athletes. They’ll also gain physical strength, which will help condition their bodies to remain injury-free. Encourage your children to try as many new sports as they’d like to try. Be supportive if and when they decide a certain activity just isn’t their cup of tea, but also stress the importance of living up to one’s commitments. They shouldn’t just drop a sport because of a bad day, but make sure that they know that they don’t have to continue with a particular sport once the season is over and can explore new opportunities. Make Family Game Night a Part of Your Routine The term “family game night” usually refers to playing board games, but there’s no hard and fast rule to that effect. During the summer months, organize family badminton or corn hole tournaments, and allow the winning team to choose which celebratory event they want to engage in once the weather turns cooler. Invest in a ping-pong table that you can set up in the basement or rec room during the winter. If it’s in the budget, introduce the whole family to Nordic skiing. It’s easy to learn, can be done just about anywhere, and provides a better workout than its Alpine cousin. By encouraging children to participate in active play during their formative years, you’re directing them on the path to a healthier, happier life overall. Cheerleading is also a great way to keep your kids fit. Contact us today if you are interested in signing your child up for some fun exercise!

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https://www.cheerelite.com/want-your-kids-to-grow-up-fit-encourage-them-to-play-more/

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11:30 – 12:00 Congress Hall Square Kilometre Array and how it will be Heavily Reliant on Optical Fibre Systems Abstract: The Square Kilometre Array, a next-generation radio telescope, will change the way humanity views the Universe. Building on 70 years of radio astronomy developments, astronomers and engineers are designing what will be the largest scientific instrument on the planet. The SKA, currently in the detailed design phase, will be built in Australia and South Africa by an international consortium, currently of 10 nations. The science to be done by SKA encompasses almost the entire history of the Universe, from exploring the so-called Cosmic Dawn, when the first stars and galaxies were formed, to understanding how planets are formed in the present day. Along the way SKA will enable precise studies of the secrets of gravity, dark energy, dark matter and the molecular building blocks of life. I will discuss the current status of SKA, as the project prepares for the transition to construction. I will describe in detail the critical role that optical fibre systems play in enabling the SKA, with its requirement to transmit data at Tbit/sec rates over hundreds and thousands of kilometres, to become a reality. Professor Philip Diamond is the Director-General of the SKA (Square Kilometre Array). He was appointed to this position in October 2012, and is responsible for the team designing and ultimately constructing the SKA, which, when completed, will be the largest scientific project on Earth. From 2010 – 2012 he was the Chief of CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science (CASS), which operates the major radio astronomy facilities in Australia, namely Parkes, the Compact Array and Mopra. CASS also operates the NASA Deep Space Network tracking station at Tidbinbilla, near Canberra, and has built ASKAP, the Australian SKA Pathfinder, in the Murchison in Western Australia. Prof Diamond moved to Australia in June 2010, leaving his previous role as Director of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, part of the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester in the UK. The University owns and operates the giant Lovell Telescope and, on behalf of the UK’s Science and Technology Facilities Council, the e-MERLIN/VLBI National Facility. Prof. Diamond was responsible for the operation of both facilities. Professor Diamond completed his PhD at the University of Manchester in 1982. He worked at the Onsala Space Observatory in Sweden and the Max-Planck Institute for Radioastronomy in Bonn, Germany before moving to the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) in the USA for 12 years. He held the position of Deputy Director of the NRAO’s VLA and VLBA before moving back to the UK in 1999 upon being appointed as the Director of MERLIN. Professor Diamond’s research interests include studies of star birth and death; exploring both through the use of radio interferometers such as MERLIN. He is also interested in high resolution studies of supernovae, both in our own Galaxy and in others. Finally, he also dabbles in studies of discs of molecular gas rotating around super-massive black-holes at the centres of other galaxies. He has published ~300 research papers in astronomy. Phil is married to Jill; they have a son who recently graduated with a degree in Biochemistry and Genetics from the University of Leeds and a daughter who works as a project manager for a company installing remote scanning devices in libraries, warehouses and factories. He enjoys reading, supporting Manchester United and the England Rugby and Cricket teams, watching his son play rugby and playing the (very) occasional game of squash.

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https://ecoc2017.org/programme/plenary-speakers/

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Situated on the 59th parallel North, Orkney is as far north as Alaska, Quebec, and Norway. It’s a collection of more than sixty islands, twenty of them inhabited, linked together by ferries. Islanders from Rousay and Hoy come in to do their shopping on the mainland, in Kirkwall or Stromness. The islands are surrounded by wind and sea and currents. The only trees grow in walled orchards or on carefully protected city streets. In the winter of 1850 a storm ripped the top off of a hill known as Skara Brae on the west coast of the mainland. Hidden underneath, almost perfectly preserved, was a Neolithic village. If you walk south of Orkney, in about five miles you’ll come to the Ring of Brodgar. The ring is 341 feet in diameter, the third largest in Britain, and was once made up of 60 stones. It dominates the peninsula between the Lochs of Stenness and Harray. Keep walking, and at the end of the peninsula you’ll pass the Ness of Brodgar. One of the largest Neolithic sites ever discovered, it is still under excavation, open only during the summer when the visiting archeologists are available to give tours to visitors. Within shouting distance of the Ness is the last remaining Watcher’s Stone. Standing guard over the causeway that connects the peninsula back to the mainland, it was once part of a pair. Not far off stood Odin’s Stone–a great standing stone with a hole in it through which bargains were sworn and informal marriages conducted until a farmer decided to put a stop to such heathen practices by destroying the stone. The site of Odin’s Stone was very close to another Neolithic site known as Barnhouse Village. Barnhouse Village contained eight structures; the foundations of five are still visible. A path from Barnhouse Village will take you to the entrance causeway of the Standing Stones of Stenness. The stones are clustered around a hearth. Standing among them looking North you can still make out the Ring of Brodgar. Half a mile on from the Standing Stones you’ll come to the A965. If you go left and East you’ll pass another standing stone, carefully fenced off to protect it from the surrounding sheep. On the shortest day of the year it is directly aligned with the setting sun. The long shadow that it casts will point to the doorway of Maeshowe–still half a mile east. The Orkneyinga saga says that in the winter of 1153 Earl Rognvald and some of his men were caught in a terrible snowstorm and took shelter by breaking into the tomb. Their story is backed up by the inscriptions found within the tomb: Viking graffiti that shows however much the world may change, some things always stay the same.

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http://katielynndaniels.com/2018/11/12/stones-of-orkney/

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Better dietary patterns have been linked to better health outcomes for years, but not every diet is right for every person. Recent evidence suggests that many people could benefit from personalized nutrition, that is, diets that are adapted to an individual’s particular needs. The most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans, for example, suggests that, in the case of obesity, personalized nutrition interventions could lead to greater weight loss than non-personalized strategies. In addition to the potential health benefits of personalized nutrition, there is evidence that people are more receptive to, and therefore more likely to follow, health-promoting information when it is personalized. Personalized nutrition at the individual level, however, is costly and difficult to implement on a large scale. A more feasible approach may be to customize diets at the group level. Preliminary studies suggest that metabotyping may be a promising group-level diet strategy. The underlying idea behind metabotyping is to identify and create groups of metabolic phenotypes based on factors such as diet, anthropometric measures, clinical parameters, metabolomics data, and the gut microbiota. An optimal diet can then be tailored to fit the needs of each distinct metabotype group. A Perspective, “Metabotyping—A Potential Personalized Nutrition Strategy for Precision Prevention of Cardiometabolic Disease,” published in Advances in Nutrition, the international review journal of the American Society for Nutrition, explores the concept of metabotyping and examines the latest metabotyping studies. Specifically, the authors looked at how metabotyping may be used as a nutritional strategy for the prevention of cardiometabolic disease, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. A key challenge in metabotyping is determining which underlying parameters to use to create metabotypes that will respond favorably to a distinct nutritional strategy. The authors discussed a variety of anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical cardiometabolic measures as well as gut microbiota and metabolites that studies have used to determine metabotypes. They did, however, note that “given the heterogeneity in choices of variables which can be used to cluster into metabotypes, it is difficult to compare metabotypes between studies and populations.” Another challenge of metabotyping is implementing this strategy successfully in health care settings. Even if it can be proven that diets based on metabotyping are effective, studies have shown that long-term adherence to personalized nutrition strategies is low. In summary, the authors believe that “much more work is needed to investigate whether responses to particular diets and dietary items are indeed metabotype-specific and whether diets tailored for metabotypes could lead to health improvements that are clinically meaningful.” If so, “finding easily measured biomarkers of metabotypes is our highest priority, to allow the tailoring of diets for optimal prevention at a large scale.” Reference Marie Palmnäs, Carl Brunius, Lin Shi, Agneta Rostgaard-Hansen, Núria Estanyol Torres, Raúl González-Domínguez, Raul Zamora-Ros, Ye Lingqun Ye, Jytte Halkjær, Anne Tjønneland, Gabriele Riccardi, Rosalba Giacco, Giuseppina Costabile, Claudia Vetrani, Jens Nielsen, Cristina Andres-Lacueva, Rikard Landberg. Perspective: Metabotyping—A Potential Personalized Nutrition Strategy for Precision Prevention of Cardiometabolic Disease. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz121.

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https://nutrition.org/should-your-diet-be-tailored-to-your-metabotype/

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The honey bee is under threat. Some populations around the world have been and are in huge decline, a worldwide bee death is an issue that needs to be taken seriously. Conservationists, scientists and beekeepers are concerned and are looking for causes and preventative measures. After all, bees can be imported, but their pollination work cannot be. Pollination by bees is not a free service, but one we must invest in so as to protect and preserve it. Figures make the economic and ecological importance of the honey bee clear. - The global economic value added of bees is approx. EUR 265 billion. - The pollination of crop plants by bees not only increases yield but also improves the quality of the fruit. For example strawberries: the market value is 54 per cent higher than that of self-fertilised plants. The annual value of bee pollination for strawberries alone that are sold in the EU is at least EUR 1 billion. The strawberries pollinated by bees are heavier, have fewer deformities and achieve a higher commercial grade. - Crops such as cocoa, vanilla and passion fruit are up to 100 per cent reliant on pollination by bees. - For stone fruits, insect fertilisation increases the fruit yield by 40 per cent. of bee colonies disappeared in the USA in 2007 of European bee colonies have died over the past few winters of bee colonies in Germany died in 2012/2013 of the bee population in the Middle East vanished over recent years It is not easy to answer the question of why whole bee populations are dying, and there is no consensus among experts. But they are in agreement that several factors are promoting disproportionately high death rates. And also that a healthy bee colony can usually deal with most diseases. In first place is the varroa mite, which was accidentally introduced along with bee imports at the end of the 1970s in numerous countries in Europe and is now the number one threat to our honey bees. The tiny parasite is 1.7 millimetres in size, multiplies on the brood and feeds on the blood of the bees. The mite transfers further disease pathogens via the bite wounds. The bees are weakened and the drones even become infertile. This aspect makes one development of the last century evident: by importing whole bee colonies into new regions, new disease pathogens have been and are being accidentally introduced too. The originally self-sufficient bees are now only capable of surviving as “domesticated” animals in the care of judicious and competent beekeepers. Like man, the bee lives on a varied diet. The more varied the food available, the more resistant the bees are to disease. The intensive use of the cultivated landscape and the increasing development of monocultures reduce habitat diversity. If all nectar providers flower at the same time and for a short time only, the remaining months become periods of famine for the animals. In order for the bees not to starve, they are dependent on a habitat rich in diversity, with a wide range of flowering plants throughout the year. New pesticides to protect plants in agriculture are also problematic to bees. But the cause and effect relationship of many toxins is not clear. We do know, however, that even small amounts of pesticides have an effect on the nervous system of the insects and influence their natural orientation abilities. The forager bees leave their hive and cannot find their way back to the colony with their orientation impaired. The impact of other changing environmental conditions on the health of bees, such as air pollution, electromagnetic radiation and climate change with earlier flowering periods, is currently being researched. Initial results suggest that it is not going to get any easier for honey bees to survive in future.

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http://www.bee-careful.com/bee-life/bee-health/

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Lights are a fundamental part of graphical rendering since they determine the shading of an object and the shadows it casts. See the Lighting and Global Illumination sections of the manual for further details about lighting concepts in Unity. |Type||The current type of light. Possible values are Directional, Point, Spot and Area (see the Lighting Overview for details of these types).| |Baking||This allows you to choose if the light should be baked if Baked GI is selected. Mixed will also bake it, but it will still be present at runtime to give direct lighting to non-static objects. Realtime works both for Precomputed Realtime GI and when not using GI. See the Global Illumination section of the manual for further information about lightmaps and baking.| |Range||How far light is emitted from the center of the object (Point and Spot lights only).| |Spot Angle||Determines the angle (in degrees) at the base of a spot light’s cone (Spot light only).| |Color||The color of the light emitted.| |Intensity||Brightness of the light. The default value for a Point, Spot or Area light is 1 but for a Directional light, it is 0.5.| |Bounce Intensity||This allows you to vary the intensity of indirect light (ie, light that is bounced from one object to another. The value is a multiple of the default brightness calculated by the GI system; if you set Bounce Intensity to a value greater than one then bounced light will be made brighter, while a value less than one will make it dimmer. This is useful, for example, when a dark surface in shadow (such as the interior of a cave) needs to be rendered brighter in order to make detail visible. Or alternatively, if you want to use Precomputed Realtime GI in general, but want to limit a single light to give direct light only, you can set its Bounce Intensity to 0. See the Global Illumination section of the manual for further information.| |Shadow Type||Determines whether Hard Shadows Soft Shadows or no shadows at all will be cast by this light.| |Baked Shadow Radius||If shadows are enabled then this property adds some artificial softening to the edges of shadows cast by point or spot lights (in theory, light originating from a point casts perfectly sharp shadows but this situation rarely occurs in nature).| |Baked Shadow Angle||If shadows are enabled then this property adds some artificial softening to the edges of shadows cast by directional lights (in theory, parallel light rays coming from a truly “directional” source cast perfectly sharp shadows but natural light sources don’t strictly behave like this).| |Draw Halo||If checked, a spherical halo of light will be drawn with a radius equal to Range. See also the page about the Halo component.| |Flare||Optional reference to the Flare that will be rendered at the light’s position.| |Render Mode||Importance of this light. This can affect lighting fidelity and performance, see Performance Considerations below. The options are Auto (the rendering method is determined at runtime depending on the brightness of nearby lights and current Quality Settings), Important (the light is always rendered at per-pixel quality and Not Important (the light is always rendered in a faster, vertex/object light mode). Use Important mode only for the most noticeable visual effects (eg, headlights of a player’s car).| |Culling Mask||Use to selectively exclude groups of objects from being affected by the light; see Layers.| You can create a texture that contains an alpha channel and assign it to the Cookie variable of the light. The Cookie will be projected from the light. The Cookie’s alpha mask modulates the light amount, creating light and dark spots on surfaces. They are a great way af adding lots of complexity or atmosphere to a scene. All built-in shaders in Unity seamlessly work with any type of light. However, VertexLit shaders cannot display Cookies or Shadows. All Lights can optionally cast Shadows. This is done by selecting either Hard Shadows or Soft Shadows for the Shadow Type property of each individual Light. For more information about shadows, please read the Shadows page. Shadows from directional lights are explained in depth on this page. Note that shadows are disabled for directional lights with cookies when forward rendering is used. It is, however, possible to write custom shaders to enable shadows in such a case by using the fullforwardshadows tag; see this page for further details.

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According to Statistics Canada, 23 percent of people over the age of 15, report that most days are “quite a bit” or “extremely” stressful, and that number rises to 30 per cent among the 35 to 54 age group. I can’t think of many people who don’t experience some sort of stress in their life. Whether it’s from work, finances, family, health or other causes, stress has a big impact on our health and can play a role in the development of symptoms contributing to disease. Our gut is home to the enteric nervous system which contains 100 million nerve cells which line the GI tract and communicates with your brain. Although serotonin is well known as a brain neurotransmitter, it is estimated that 90 percent of the body’s serotonin is made in the digestive tract. In fact, altered levels of this peripheral serotonin have been linked to diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Research at Caltech, published in the April 2015 issue of the journal Cell, shows that certain bacteria in the gut are important for the production of peripheral serotonin, the happy hormone that contributes to wellbeing and happiness. So whether we feel anxious, sad, or depressed, it may actually be coming from our gut and not our head. For most people, one of the first signs of stress is gastrointestinal discomfort such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loose stools. Renew Life® Ultimate Flora® Probiotic Plus Mood & Stress is formulated to help reduce gastrointestinal discomfort in those experiencing mild to moderate stress resulting from life events, and helps moderate feelings of anxiety. It is formulated to not only support good digestive health but it also contains the clinically studied probiotics Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 to help moderate feelings of anxiety and reduce gastrointestinal discomfort related to mild to moderate stress. This formula includes 6 unique probiotic strains which provide 30 billion active cultures in a convenient once a day dose. But maybe it’s your immune system that’s suffering. We all get run down from time to time and our immune systems get compromised by factors such as stress, poor diet and not enough sleep. What makes one person catch something and another person avoid it altogether? While lifestyle plays an important factor, it could also be based on the health of the gut. The human body contains trillions of tiny microscopic bacteria that are an essential part of our immune system. In fact, the gastrointestinal tract is home to the largest concentration and highest diversity of bacteria in the body. The GI tract contains the greatest amount of lymphoid tissue in the body, and it’s this lymphoid tissue that is responsible for synchronizing the defense strategies between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Understanding this helps us to appreciate why good gut health is important for good immune health. Defend from within with Renew Life® Ultimate Flora® Probiotic Plus Immune Support. It’s formulated to not only support good digestive health, but it contains the clinically studied probiotic strain Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071 which showed a reduction in the incidence of cold-like symptoms in stressed adults. It also includes 4 other beneficial strains to provide 30 billion active cultures in a convenient one a day dose, so there is no need to take another probiotic supplement. 70% of your immune system is in your gut; make sure yours is up for it! Global News. (2018). This is the state of stress in 2018. Available: https://globalnews.ca/news/4138006/stress-causes-today/. Last accessed 18 Oct 19. Stoller-Conrad, J. (2015). Microbes Help Produce Serotonin in Gut. Available: https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/microbes-help-produce-serotonin-gut-46495. Last accessed 18 Oct 19. California Institute of Technology. (2013). A home for the microbiome: Biologists identify how beneficial bacteria reside and thrive in gastrointestinal tract. Available: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130819171824.htm. Last accessed 12 April 2018.

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Biceps femoris muscle |Lateral aspect of right leg. Biceps femoris muscle long head labeled| |Same picture with the visible part of the short head beneath the long head labeled| |Latin||musculus biceps femoris| |Gray's||subject #128 478| |Origin:||tuberosity of the ischium, linea aspera, femur| |Insertion:||the head of the fibula which articulates with the back of the lateral tibial condyle| |Artery:||inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries, popliteal artery| |Nerve:||long head: tibial nerve| short head: common peroneal nerve |Action:||flexes knee joint, laterally rotates knee joint (when knee is flexed), extends hip joint (long head only)| Origin and insertion It has two heads of origin; - one, the long head, arises from the lower and inner impression on the back part of the tuberosity of the ischium, by a tendon common to it and the semitendinosus, and from the lower part of the sacrotuberous ligament; - the other, the short head, arises from the lateral lip of the linea aspera, between the adductor magnus and vastus lateralis, extending up almost as high as the insertion of the gluteus maximus; from the lateral prolongation of the linea aspera to within 5 cm. of the lateral condyle; and from the lateral intermuscular septum. The fibers of the long head form a fusiform belly, which passes obliquely downward and lateralward across the sciatic nerve to end in an aponeurosis which covers the posterior surface of the muscle, and receives the fibers of the short head; this aponeurosis becomes gradually contracted into a tendon, which is inserted into the lateral side of the head of the fibula, and by a small slip into the lateral condyle of the tibia. From the posterior border of the tendon a thin expansion is given off to the fascia of the leg. The tendon of insertion of this muscle forms the lateral hamstring; the common peroneal nerve descends along its medial border. Both heads of the Bicep Femoris perform knee flexion. Since the long head originates in the pelvis it is also involved in hip extention. The long head of the bicep femoris is a weaker knee flexor when the hip is extended (because of active insufficiency). For the same reason the long head is a weaker hip extender when the knee is flexed. When the knee is semi flexed, the Biceps femoris in consequence of its oblique direction rotates the leg slightly outward A slip may pass to the gastrocnemius. - LUC bfem - -865402803 at GPnotebook - UWash - long head - UWash - short head - SUNY Labs 14:06-0100 - SUNY Labs 14:st-0402 - Anatomy at Dartmouth knee/surface/surface4 This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.

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May 20 was selected as World Beekeeping Day as it coincides with the birthday of Anton Janša, who in the 18th century pioneered modern beekeeping techniques in his home country Slovenia and praised the bees for their ability to work so hard, while needing so little attention. For centuries bees, busy as they are known to be, have benefited people, plants and the planet. But did you know that bees are not the only ones that sustain life on earth? By carrying pollen from one flower to another, bees, butterflies, birds, bats and other pollinators facilitate and improve food production, thus contributing to food security and nutrition. Pollination also has a positive impact on the environment in general, helping to maintain biodiversity and the vibrant ecosystems upon which agriculture depends. In Cyprus the World Beekeeping Day will be celebrated in the picturesque village of Ora on May 19th during the Bee Festival featuring a seminar for the protection of bees, a rich artistic program, gastronomy using honey, a market with fresh honey and honey products, cosmetics and handicrafts. Ora is a village in the LarnaKa Mountains a few kilometers after the villages of Lagiea and Vavla. The whole event will take place under the auspices of Environment Commissioner, Mrs Ioanna Panayiotou. Bee Festival is part of the Honey Routes in the Larnaka Mountains, created under MEDFEST European Program. The importance of celebrating World Bee Day Observing World Bee Day on 20 May each year will draw attention to the essential role bees and other pollinators play in keeping people and the planet healthy. It provides an opportunity for governments, organizations, civil society and concerned citizens everywhere to promote actions that will protect and enhance pollinators and their habitats, improve their abundance and diversity, and support the sustainable development of beekeeping. The date for this observance was chosen as it was the day Anton Janša, a pioneer of modern apiculture, was born. Janša came from a family of beekeepers in Slovenia, where beekeeping is an important agricultural activity with a long-standing tradition. The proposal set forth by the Republic of Slovenia, with the support of Apimondia, the International Federation of Beekeepers’ Associations and FAO, to celebrate World Bee Day on 20 May each year met with approval by the United Nations General Assembly in 2017. World Bee Day intends to shine a light on the habitat of pollinators to improve the conditions for their survival so that bees and other pollinators may thrive. Sunday, May 19, 2019, 11:00 - 20:00

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Sex Offender Grooming Child sex offenders use deliberate tactics to select their victims, and engage them in abuse. This is known as the grooming process. Offenders often identify vulnerable children, such as those in need, unhappy, or less likely to tell someone about the abuse. All too often, cases of child abuse or neglect go unaddressed. Victims of abuse, especially children, will seldom report their abuser to authorities. This can be due to many different reasons, but the bottom line is that it’s simply not reasonable to expect an abused or neglected child to be their own advocate. It is for this reason that many adults who work in a position that may allow them to help advocate for the child are tasked with being mandated reporters. The American Society for the Positive Care of Children estimates that almost 2,000 children suffer from abuse every day, with roughly 1,600 abuse related deaths every year. This includes infants, young children, and teens. Possibly because it is so heartbreaking, child abuse isn’t often talked about. With this many children suffering every day it is clear that the time has come to start the conversation. In order to spread awareness, it’s important to understand the different types of child abuse. For individuals who become victims of abuse, the negative effects don’t end when they grow up and leave their abuser behind them. They may have spent years in an abusive situation that included physical, sexual, or emotional trauma. Childhood is when you essentially learn what the world is like, learn about things like trust and rules and respect. When trauma to that degree is caused by a caregiver, it can affect the victim for the rest of their lives. Tyler is a 28 year old survivor of extensive childhood abuse and neglect. In an effort to spread awareness about how pervasive childhood abuse can be, Tyler has given permission to share his story here. From a very small town, Tyler experienced abuse into adulthood and to this day has an unbalanced relationship with his abuser. Unfortunately, the town he grew up in is quite poor and isolated, with stories like his being all too common there. When children become the victims of abuse or suffer from neglect, they will rarely verbalize the problem. This can make it difficult to determine as a bystander whether a child is being abused or neglected. Adults who suspect something is not right may not always say something when given the opportunity--this is due to the combination of social stigma surrounding criticizing others’ parenting styles and simply not knowing if what they are seeing truly points to a child who is being victimized. Maryland officials are taking steps to create a more welcoming foster-care system for gay, bisexual and transgender children and adolescents, including screening homes for possible bias and providing sensitivity training to case workers. The policy directive issued this month by the state Department of Human Resources prohibits conversion therapy and urges foster parents of transgender children to call them by their preferred pronouns and to allow them to dress and groom accordingly. The internal injuries of a 6-week-old girl who died in January must have been caused by physical trauma inflicted after she was born, a pediatrician testified at a hearing Tuesday for a former University of Tulsa football player who is charged with child-abuse murder. HUNTINGTON, W.Va. (WSAZ) -- Wednesday is the Huntington Police Department's first full day of investigating the death of a 3-year-old boy. Mariya Jones and her boyfriend Aaron Miles, both of Huntington, are being charged with child abuse resulting in death. Emergency responders were called to their home in the 1800 block of 7th Avenue for a cardiac arrest. According to the criminal complaint, EMS said when they showed up, the boy was already dead and cold to the touch. Huntington Police Chief Joe Ciccarelli tells WSAZ officers have collected several pieces of evidence from the home to build their case. He also said that evidence shows several people knew the alleged abuse was happening prior to the child's death. "We have already found, even though it's very early in this investigation, that there are people who were aware that abuse was taking place in regard to this child," Ciccarelli said. "The failing is they did not report it." COLUMBUS (WCMH) – Governor John Kasich is expected to sign off on new legislation that will help teens who are aging out of foster care become more successful adults. Right now, when foster children turn 18 they face a sharp cut-off of resources and support, resulting in many of them becoming homeless. This new legislation would extend support services until age 21.

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What is the Hypertetrahedron? The hypertetrahedron is the four-dimensional tetrahedron. Other names are simplex or pentatope. The four-dimensional tetrahedron belongs to the world of thoughts. You can approach it through analogy considerations. You go from the tetrahedron to the hypertetrahedron. This procedure is legitimized by the "permanent principle", which is often used in mathematics to get from the known to the unknown. While a quadrilateral with the two diagonals can be seen as a perspective view of a tetrahedron, a pentagon with the diagonals represents a model of the hypertetrahedron. ||If you connect the corners of a tetrahedron (1) with a fifth point (2), then you get the perspective view of a hypertetrahedron of the Hypertetrahedron top The hypertetrahedron has 5 corners (1 tetrahedron and the fifth point) and 10 edges (1 tetrahedron with 6 edges and 4 connecting lines to the fifth point). The hypertetrahedron has 10 triangles. The tetrahedron is covered by four triangles. In the same way five tetrahedrons form the hypertetrahedron. If you know the 3D-view, you can look at the hypertetrahedron 4 tetrahedrons, 6 triangles and 4 edges meet at each corner. 3 tetrahedrons and 3 triangles meet at each edge. 2 tetrahedrons meet at each triangle. If you give the top view of a tetrahedron (=central projection) (1) and a fifth point (red) inside (2) or outside (3), you get two models of the hypertetrahedron. All points must have the same distances from each other in "reality". The hypertetrahedron 2 is a triangle with certain lines inside, the hypertetrahedron 3 a quadrilateral. The model above is a pentagon. You recognize in all models of the hypertetrahedrons, that four edges meet at each corner. ||If you spread out the tetrahedron, you get its net. Together the four triangles have 4*3=12 sides. 2*3=6 sides (red) are bound. If you build a tetrahedron, you must stick the remaining 6 sides in pairs. ||If you spread out the hypertetrahedron, you get 5 tetrahedrons as its net. Together the five tetrahedrons have 5*4=20 triangles. 2*4=8 triangles are bound. If you build a hypertetrahedron, you must stick the remaining 12 triangles in pairs. The considerations above get a safer foundation by formulas. "Tetrahedrons" with the dimensions 1, 2 and 3 have the following characteristics. You would have to determine the data of the hypertetrahedron in the last line. Dimension=4, corners=5 is clear. The following law describes how the sequences of the edges and triangles must be continued. If you give n=4 into the terms of the chart, then you get the following data for the hypertetrahedron. The results for the 5-dimensional tetrahedron on the Internet top Eric W. Weisstein, (MathWorld) (1) Fritz Reinhardt, Heinrich Soeder: dtv-Atlas zur Mathematik I (Seite 172), München 1977 Feedback: Email address on my main page page is also available in German 2001 Jürgen Köller

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- A new study proposes that aging may impact the genome of dogs and humans in similar ways. - Researchers analyzed the genomes of 104 labrador retrievers between the ages of 4 weeks and 16 years old. - Break out your graphing calculator: The team also came up with a new formula to calculate a dog’s age. Scientists have gained new insight into the epigenetic clock that controls how dogs age and have devised a new formula to pinpoint exactly how old that good boy or girl in your life is. The researchers studied DNA methylation, or chemical modifications to certain DNA segments, within the genomes of 104 labrador retrievers, all ranging between 4 weeks and 16 years of age. It turns out we age in similar ways, the team reports in a paper published to the preprint server bioRxiv. In humans, DNA methylation—the addition of organic compounds called methyl groups to specific segments of our DNA—can reveal the impact of disease, lifestyle, and genetics on our DNA. Using this information, scientists have been able to create an epigenetic clock, of sorts, to better understand how we age. Scientists have learned that other animals like mice and wolves experience DNA methylation. Now, they’re using this research to understand the process of aging in man’s best friend. Ultimately, certain regions of both the labrador and human genome—areas with high rates of mutation—show similar rates of methylation. A dog’s life stages largely sync up with our own; puppies and babies start teething at roughly equivalent ages, for example. Whether you have a pitbull, pug, or Pembroke Welsh corgi, your pup will reach puberty at around 10 months and will likely die before turning 20. (Yes, it pains us to write that, too.) Scientists have long known that dogs are susceptible to many of the same age-related diseases that we are, such as cancer, arthritis, and heart disease. The researchers also devised a new way to calculate a dog’s age, but it's arguably more complicated than simply multiplying by seven. To calculate the age, you’ll have to multiply the natural logarithm of your pup’s age by 16 and then add 31. Here’s the equation: 16 x ln(your dog’s age in human years) + 31 Super simple, right? (The researchers also a included a handy conversion tool here.) If you're wondering why your 2-year-old dog clocks in at around 40 human years, it's because his epigenetic clock ticks a bit faster than yours, but slows down as he ages. The team hopes to expand its research to include additional dog species, and there are plenty of other research teams that are diving into a dog’s genome to unlock even more secrets. Watch: Coyote vests could be a life saver for your dog.

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Only a few years ago, consumers could trust the quality and integrity, ultimately the provenance, of their milk. That’s because each morning it was hand-delivered from a local farm by a familiar and trustworthy face: the milkman. Such a service might seem unnecessary today, but a clear link between the creation of a product to its final placement in a customer’s hands helps consumers make purchases that align with their values and beliefs. Thanks to the promise of several technologies, including blockchain, consumers can now expect to see the entire histories of the products they buy, and hence make more informed decisions. A transparent supply chain assures consumers they’re supporting brands that align with their personal ethics. It also allows retailers, manufacturers and others to confidently demonstrate that they’re treating workers properly, sourcing in ethical ways and caring for the environment. Consider Starbucks. The coffee house chain follows the guidelines of Coffee and Farmer Equity (C.A.F.E.) — a set of industry standards that are verified by third parties — when evaluating its supply chains to ensure that coffee growers work under fair conditions and the product itself was created under environmentally sound farming practices. Starbucks customers know that when they’re drinking the brand’s Reserve coffee, it has been verified by C.A.F.E. standards. Provenance matters to consumers: According to Cone Communications, 87 percent will buy a product because a company advocated for an issue they cared about, while 76 percent will refuse to purchase a company’s products or services if it supported an issue contrary to their beliefs. This is powerful information with a direct impact on a customer’s wallet. Transparency highlights good ethics and practices Companies that want to emulate the fair and environmentally sound business practices of Starbucks and other brands need look no further than blockchain technology. Blockchain offers complete visibility of the data behind the many stages of product creation. Manufacturers, farmers, wholesalers, suppliers, delivery services and stores each input information that details and verifies their roles in the process — creating a log that provides irrefutable evidence of a product’s provenance. With a transparent, end-to-end trail of farming certifications, factory records, product identifiers and other data, retailers and service providers can “open their books” with a clear conscience. They can tell customers with conviction that they “get it.” They share consumers’ beliefs that food, clothing and other materials should be natural and that products should be created under fair labor practices and with minimal damage to the environment. Not adhering to fair labor standards and failing to demonstrate good stewardship of natural resources hurts businesses. Tech manufacturers have come under fire for having parts made in countries where workers log long hours for low pay. Retailers have faced backlash for selling merchandise that violated human rights policies. Restaurants have received criticism for serving food that was grown in unsavory conditions. A transparent supply chain proves that a brand operates above board. It also gives retailers, service providers and other businesses an opportunity to tell a new story. They can market themselves with an authenticity that will strengthen their bonds with customers. Imagine an airline that uses its in-flight video system to highlight how the manufacturer of its passenger seats uses carbon-neutral materials and provides its workers with good benefits. That video could prompt passengers to further examine the airline’s supply chain record of the very plane on which they’re traveling — an act that would secure their comfort when they recognize the aircraft was built with care and precision. Connecting with brands and product creators With this kind of openness, brands not only win the hearts and minds of customers, but they also share the stage with the many unknown people who make their products and grow their food. Now able to identify the usually anonymous sources of goods, customers will connect with these individuals’ stories and want to support their efforts. It’s one thing to tip your neighborhood coffee shop barista. It’s a whole other thing to use technology to also tip the coffee growers themselves. But thanks to the visibility of blockchain, consumers can conduct micro-transactions with coffee growers in South America and Africa, thanking them for helping make delicious cups of joe. Getting to know your milkman is no longer the stuff of a bygone era. A transparent supply chain gives retailers and service providers a legitimate opportunity to stand behind what they sell — and in turn, it gives consumers the confidence that they’re spending their money wisely.

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I pray you all have a great start to this new chapter in your life known as high school! Same for our juniors and seniors! I'm happy to announce that youth group has its own official podcast! You can check it out in the Downloads section! Here are the notes and charts I talked about from last night. Intro to St. Thomas (Talk a little about who he was) Faith, by its nature implies a certainty and belief in things we can’t really see. It’s not believing in something against what we see physically (science), but it’s believing in things beyond them. Fr. Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange: Faith is like the sun, and science a candle; nothing needs to prevent the sun or candle shedding light on the same object. The 5 Arguments of God 1. Argument of Motion: Our senses tell us that some things are in motion and they change in location and temperature. They go from what’s possible to what’s actual; when something does that, it means that something (outside of itself) caused this change. 2. Effects: Think about Dominos; if they are all stacked up, someone has to knock them down, they can’t knock themselves over. 3. Being: Things in nature are possible to be or not (things come into existence and die). If everything is like this, then nothing existed (someone had to create it). So things that exist are not only possible of existing, but also needed. 4. Perfection: Everyone can be awesome, but there are degrees of awesomeness. Each level reflects God in a specific way. 5. Purpose: Everyone and everything has one. Whether we realize it or not, we are striving to be with God (in one way or another). Here’s another reason why people can’t see faith and reason together: Sin Sin is against what we consider to be reasonable and true (even though in our mind it makes sense). (CCC, 1849) Science is not really the problem, but materialism We have free will and natural will (earthquakes, hurricanes, etc.) In the 400s, Christians were being hit by scientists left and right with some scientists (e.g. Copernicus, Newton, Darwin) and discoveries in astrophysics and neuroscience. It didn’t get much better with the Enlightenment (and the prejudices that existed between Protestants and Catholics). 1600-1700s: With the Scientific Revolution, you had people such as Copernicus, Galileo (both were Catholic), Boyle, De Carte and others. The Church has learned to show how people could see they work together. It’s the Church’s job to work in brining faith and science together, and many of its founders were priests and religious. Steno à Founder of Geology Riccioli à Discovered the 1st Binary star and created the first map of moon. Spallanzani à Biology Cavalieri à Calculus Bolzano à Modern Math Lemaitre à Big Bang (actually met with Einstein to sell it) The Church actually came up with the University System and Scientific Method Theory of Relativity (1916) When Einstein met with Fr. Lemaitre, he had a hard time believing in the Big Bang; after meeting it was accepted, and we have tons of evidence of life beginning 14 billion years ago. If you look at the Solar System, you can see there’s a cosmic order; even Einstein said that there were things in his theory he couldn’t figure out. Dr. Barr: We have these happen all the time, and if things didn’t have a purpose in nature then atoms couldn’t be stable to create things, hydrogen would be radioactive, and if there were less than 3 dimensions, things would be unstable. We can’t really predict what will happen, but we can through probability. Girdle’s Theorem (1931) The core of this theory is that there is more to math than set rules and mechanics; we’re not machines. Share on Facebook Share on Twitter I'm busy working on my blog posts. Watch this space!

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A History of Bombing, by Sven Lindqvist (New York: The New Press, 2000), 224 pp. $16.95. Teaching with Fire: Poetry That Sustains the Courage to Teach, Eds. Sam Intrator and Megan Scribner (San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 2003), 225 pp. $14.95. Sven Lindqvist's A History of Bombing is composed like a complex computer game and could be likened to Dungeons and Dragons. As the author says, "The book is a labyrinth with 22 entrances and no exit." It is a complex, creative, painful, and often frightening voyage through the history of one people bombing another, killing innocents in the name of making war. The reason I recommend the book is that it makes the horror of mechanical war come alive and demonstrates how people of color and poor people were used as the laboratory for the deliverance of death. The book exposes the history of militaristic policies in Iraq, Latin America, and Afghanistan. This may not be a book to use with young people, as it is frightening and takes an intimate look at how people can be cruel and indifferent to the fate of other people. On the other hand, many kids are used to killing and maiming others on computer screens and will be very comfortable managing the structure of this book, though the content may and should disturb them. It is a healthy alternative to thinking that abstract killing through computer gaming or technological warfare lets you off the hook for celebrating the imagined or real death of others. Now for the good news: Teaching with Fire is an anthology of poems chosen by teachers and other educators. It's filled with poems that inspire people to continue teaching in troubled times. A page of reflection and commentary by the person who chose that work precedes each selection in the book. Contributors include teachers involved in the small schools movement and teachers from across the world, as well as Tom Vander Ark of the Gates Foundation and Ted Sizer. The selections are very diverse, but all have a quality and frankness unusual for a book addressed to teachers. Here is an excerpt from one of the poems, chosen by a teacher in Germany and written by Robert Graves, that I would like to share (p. 149): Children, if you dare to think Of the greatness, rareness, muchness Fewness of this precious only Endless world in which you say You live, you think of things like this: Blocks of Slate enclosing dappled Red and green, enclosing tawny Yellow nets, enclosing white And black acres of dominoes, Where a neat brown paper parcel Tempts you to untie the string.

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Cenospheres are sometimes also called as microspheres that are widely used in a variety of materials from plastics and caulking to paints and finishes. Although, they are sometimes also used in concrete. Cenosphere from India consists a range of uses in concrete countertops including: - A lightweight aggregate – cenospheres can be treated as a substitute of the normal-weight sand that is used in concrete. They have a density that is less than water (approx. 0.7 vs water’s 1.0); quartz sand particles typically have a density of about 2.65 which means that 1 pound of cenospheres takes up the similar absolute volume as about 3.8 lbs of sand. - A workability enhancer and extra-fine aggregate – Cenospheres are known for their very small spherical particles. As such they act just like minute ball bearings in a concrete mix. By adding cenospheres to a conventional weight concrete mix will increase workability because of its ball bearing effect and since they are also structural aggregate, they expand concrete density and strengthen it by providing a better packing. Furthermore, the added fines mend the trowelability and finishability. Usually dosages of 1% to 5% by weight of aggregate are added to a concrete mix to improve the workability. - A bulk filler and shrinkage reducer in cement grouts – Meanwhile Cenosphere from India have very fine particles and are generally light in color; they are perfect for the use in cement grout slurry. By adding the bulk from the cenospheres, it not only increases the volume of grout without adding more cement, but also the fine aggregate gradation of the particles supports to reduce the shrinkage. In spite of everything, cement grout is still a kind of concrete, so the same rules apply. Finally, the spherical shape marks packing pinholes at ease and more effective because of the polishing action delivered by the particles. And the spherical shapes are further likely to “roll” into small holes better than pointed or angular crushed particles. Typical cenosphere measured quantity is approximately around 10% to 30% by weight of cement. Cenospheres are light weight, inert hollow sphere comprising largely of silica & alumina and filled with air or inert gas. Cenosphere from India is naturally produced by the burning process of crushed coal-fired boilers. They are molded during the molten state of ash and reach spherical shape to have minimum surface. Inert gasses flowing along the burning gas stream also get locked inside the spheres. The bubbles caused by the inert gas combustion get into multiple forms with the frozen particles or in a concentric form, whose diameter is near the diameter of the particles. The bubbles are found moving on the surface of fly ash. Cenosphere from India is unique free flowing powders composed of hollow, hard-shelled, and minute spheres. Cenospheres are formed from a small portion of the Pulverized Fuel Ash (PFA) which is produced from the burning of the coal in power stations. These are made up of iron, silica, and alumina. Generally, the size of the cenosphere particles ranges from 1 to 500 microns with an average compressive strength of above 3000 psi having a color variation from white to dark gray. The factors included in the property of cenosphere are: - Spherical shape - Free flowing - Hard electrical properties - High melting point - Low oil absorption - Good packing application - Versatile filler These can be used for both commercial and industrial purposes for oil well cementing and PVC cushion vinyl flooring. However, Fillites are also used due to its unique property of chemical resistance, low density, and strengthening capacity. Fillites are used for the following applications: - Latex Emulsions, - Epoxy Resins; and - Unsaturated Polyester Resins. Most of the Cenosphere from India are restored from the ash ponds at the coal fire plants. It is a huge challenge for the Indian power sector to generate fly ash from the combustion of the coal, as the sector is dominated by coal. Today, around 53% of the total power capacity is based on the coal. Today, the country generates 160 million tons of fly ash, out of which only 80 million tons are being used.

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A biome /ˈbaɪoʊm/ is a community of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in. They can be found over a range of continents. Biomes are distinct biological communities that have formed in response to a shared physical climate. “Biome” is a broader term than “habitat“; any biome can comprise a variety of habitats. While a biome can cover large areas, a microbiome is a mix of organisms that coexist in a defined space on a much smaller scale. For example, the human microbiome is the collection of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that are present on or in a human body. A ‘biota’ is the total collection of organisms of a geographic region or a time period, from local geographic scales and instantaneous temporal scales all the way up to whole-planet and whole-timescale spatiotemporal scales. The biotas of the Earth make up the biosphere. – Definition from Wikipedia Cannabis businesses would benefit from a valid list of Cannabis Terminology that could be branded with their applicable logo and branding as a coffee table magazine or online on their own web page with populated content from globalbio.me Open sourced Cannabis Terms – Compiled terminology with a unique description when possible: Enjoy! - Biology Cell Terms - Biochemistry Terms - Botanical Terms - Cannabis Terminology - Ecology Terms - Reproduction Terminology - Phylogentics Terminology - NIDA Addiction Science Terms - Institutional Acronyms - Veterinarian Terminology - There are 2.04 million farms and ranches (down 3.2 percent from 2012) with an average size of 441 acres (up 1.6 percent) on 900 million acres (down 1.6 percent). - The 273,000 smallest (1-9 acres) farms make up 0.1 percent of all farmland while the 85,127 largest (2,000 or more acres) farms make up 58 percent of farmland. - Just 105,453 farms produced 75 percent of all sales in 2017, down from 119,908 in 2012. - Of the 2.04 million farms and ranches, the 76,865 making $1 million or more in 2017 represent just over 2/3 of the $389 billion in total value of production while the 1.56 million operations making under $50,000 represent just 2.9 percent. - Farm expenses are $326 billion with feed, livestock purchased, hired labor, fertilizer and cash rents topping the list of farm expenses in 2017. - Average farm income is $43,053. A total of 43.6 percent of farms had positive net cash farm income in 2017. - Ninety-six percent of farms and ranches are family owned. - Farms with Internet access rose from 69.6 percent in 2012 to 75.4 percent in 2017. - A total of 133,176 farms and ranches use renewable energy producing systems, more than double the 57,299 in 2012. - In 2017, 130,056 farms sold directly to consumers, with sales of $2.8 billion. - Sales to retail outlets, institutions and food hubs by 28,958 operations are valued at $9 billion.

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Yesterday I gave you instructions for making a ‘Hogooe’ from Henry Howard’s England's newest way in all sorts of cookery (2e, 1708) and as I transcribed it, it was impossible not to be intrigued by the title of the recipe which followed it: Take a Quart of Rice, two Quarts of strong Gravy; set it on the Fire very high, and let it stew soberly, but not boil; then put in an Onion stuck with Cloves, and a bunch of Sweet Herbs; then put in a large Pullet, fill the belly with force’d meat and Oysters, with half a pound of Bacon; let these stew together ‘till it’s tender, and about the thickness of Hasty-pudding; then put in the force’d meat ball that you have fried, and some you must stew with it: then take it up and beat the Yolks of three Eggs, and a [……?] quartern of Butter rowled up in flour, and shake them well together, with the Juice of a Limon; and then dish it with the Fowl in the middle, and the Bacon and Forcemeat balls round it; garnish with Limon, and […..?] Bread, round the brims of your Dish, and serve it. So, how do you explain the name? According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word monastic[k], as seems fairly obvious, has various meanings “of or relating to members of a community living under religious vows and generally subject to a fixed rule, as monks, nuns, friars, etc.; of or relating to a monastery or monasteries.” It is hard to see the association with monastic orders and the rich dish given above, is it not? There are two other meanings of the word monastic[k] given in the OED. One relates to bookbinding, and designates “a method of binding in thick bevelled boards covered in khaki-coloured calf or brown hard-grained morocco, and finished by tooling without gold.’ Perhaps this usage is a nod to the role of monasteries as early libraries, or maybe the brown monkish robes – but I cannot think of a culinary connection. The third usage is in relation to ceramics, and designates “a type of glaze that produces a dull finish” which was the monastic method [of glazing tiles] which came in with the Gothic architecture about the end of the twelfth century.” Unless this is related to the dish above as it may be cooked in a brown ceramic pot, by the same method as a marmite refers to the pot and the contained soup/stew. I leave it to you now, my friends, to come up with some ideas.

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The old people’s dreams of flying to the Moon came true. There are even flights to Mars and more distant stars. Nevertheless, "Journey to the Centre of the Earth" still remains fiction. And because of the high pressures and temperatures prevailing in the deepest earth's interior, it will probably remain a fiction for a long time. Still, the Czech-Bavarian Geopark invites you to learn about the authentic Earth's interior, whether inside the underground ore mine, in the rock cellar, or in a cave. And even though your path does not lead to dangerous depths of the Earth, simple entering and looking into the underground will stay an unforgettable experience. Po staletí žije člověk z darů Země. Na zemském povrchu vznikají z hornin půdy, které jsou základem pro naší výživu. Ze zemského nitra získáváme nerostné bohatství. Suroviny jsou základem hospodářského rozvoje a našeho blahobytu. Proč jsou ale zrovna tady a ne jinde? A jak ovlivnila jejich těžba historii našeho regionu? V Česko-bavorském geoparku na to naleznete odpověď. For centuries, mankind lives on Earth’s gifts. On the earth's surface, soil essential for our nutrition is created from the rocks. We gain mineral wealth from the Earth's interior. Raw materials are the basis of our economic development and prosperity. Why have they been right here and not somewhere else? What has been the impact of their mining on history of our region? The Czech-Bavarian Geopark is here to help you to find the answers. The geological history of the Czech-Bavarian Geopark is as old as the history of the whole Central Europe. For the past 600 million years, the mountain ranges appeared and disappeared, volcanoes spewed fire and stones, sea levels came and receded. Geopark is located in the central zone of the once mighty Variscan mountains and its rocks tell about the adventurous journey of our continent from the South Pole to the Equator to the current 50th parallel of latitude. Hardly any area in Europe bears the comparison to the Czech-Bavarian Geopark. That was also the reason why one of the deepest holes on the globe - Continental deep borehole KTB, was drilled in Bavarian Windischeschenbach. Looking to the depth of 9,101 meters opened up a whole new dimension of exploring the planet at the turn of the 21st century. Whatsoever, already two hundred years ago, our region was discovered by the pioneers of Geological Sciences: Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Alexander Humboldt and Georgius Agricola. In many places they left their footsteps - follow them up to the beginnings of the Geological Science. "Geology" does not mean just millions-years-old stones. It also stands for the ongoing processes in the Earth's interior that differentiate our planet from other astronomical objects: Eger Rift uplift, rising magma, sprains or gaseous CO2 to the volcanically active fields of typical earthquake swarms. All these processes endowed the Geopark with a charming diversity of the landscape, with extinct volcanoes and healing medicinal baths and mineral springs. Discover the secrets and the beauty of our country and visit us in the Czech-Bavarian Geopark, the geological cross-border geopark in the geological centre of Europe!

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Our recent cold night time temperatures have raised questions about possible injury to the winter wheat crop. As I write this the forecast for Saturday night April 9 is calling for a low of 18 degrees F. Laura Lindsey OSU Extension soybean and wheat specialist has been doing some trials to evaluate the freeze tolerance of winter wheat in Ohio. Evaluations are done by going out to wheat fields, digging up plant samples and placing those samples into a freeze chamber and exposing plants to various low temperatures for several hours and then evaluating plants 24 hours later. Plants dug from a Pickaway County field on March 30 were at Feekes 5 growth stage. This growth stage is defined as: strongly erect leaf sheaths. Plants will have an upright appearance but the growing point is still below the soil surface. These plants were subjected to temperatures of 27, 21, 14 and 5 degrees F. Very little injury occurred between 14 to 27 degrees. The effect of cold weather depends on the wheat growth stage. Maximum resistance to cold weather occurs in December-February. As wheat greens-up, the plant becomes less tolerant of freezing temperatures. Feekes 6 growth stage, is the beginning of the jointing stage in wheat and is a critical stage. It is defined as: first node visible. On reproductive tillers a visible knot, bump, or swollen tissue called the node is noticeable above the soil surface. The growing point, which includes the developing head or spike on reproductive tillers is above this node. Once the growing point is above the soil surface plants are more susceptible to freeze injury. According to a Kansas State publication (http://www.ksre.k-state.edu/bookstore/pubs/C646.PDF), at Feekes 6 growth stage when wheat is exposed to temperatures of less than or equal to 24°F for at least two hours the growing point can be killed. As if the cold weather and potential freeze injury were not enough, there is also some concern about early season disease issues, probably because of the warmer than average winter we had. Rust is being reported in some wheat stands and Pierce Paul, OSU Extension wheat and corn disease specialist, has the following advice for wheat growers concerning disease development and management: Although Septoria and Stagonospora leaf blotches have not yet been reported, it is highly likely that the fungi causing these diseases also survived the winter in higher-than-usual numbers and will likely infect the crop as conditions begin to warm up, especially is it stays wet over the next few weeks. For powdery mildew, a disease that thrives in dense wheat stands with high nitrogen, severity will likely increase after the wheat is top-dressed. Rust, powdery mildew, Septoria and Stagonospora are all polycyclic diseases, meaning that once they get an early start, several batched of spores will be produced between now and grain-fill, if not managed and conditions are favorable. Spores produced early in the season will spread up the plant and to neighboring plants, causing new lesions or pustules to develop, and these new lesions will themselves produce new spores within 7-14 days that will again infect new leaves and plants, causing the diseased to spread rapidly, particularly if the variety is susceptible. The more cycles we have, the more disease we will see and the greater the grain yield and quality reduction. Keep monitoring the progress of these diseases and be prepared to apply a fungicide. We typically do not recommend fungicide application at green-up for foliar disease control, since we rarely see high levels of disease this early, however, this may be the year for a green-up application if it stays cool and your variety is susceptible. Remember to always use label-recommended rates; half-rates do not provide adequate protection and may increase the risk of fungicide resistance. Also, early applications will not protect the flag leaves and spikes against infections later in the season.

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After the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publicized measles outbreaks in several states beginning in January 2019, on May 1 Merck & Co. announced that it had increased production of its live attenuated (weakened) virus MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine in response to an increasing demand for the product in the United States. As of July 25, there have been 1,164 confirmed cases of measles in 30 states and there have been similar large increases in reported measles cases in other countries this year.1 2 3 4 “As measles outbreaks have occurred in different parts of the world over the last few decades, we’ve always been able to surge capacity, and we feel confident about our ability to do so in the U.S.” said Merck Chief Marketing Officer Mark Nally.1 On July 30, Merck reported that sales of its vaccines for children rose by 58 percent during the second quarter of this year to $675 million, compared to the second quarter of 2018. The company acknowledged that the spike in sales was boosted by sales of its MMR vaccine.5 Merck Chief Commercial Officer Frank Clyburn notes, “There was some buying to the private sector within the U.S. this quarter based on some of the measles outbreaks that you read in the news. And we do believe that we’ll continue to see growth for our pediatric vaccines going forward.”5 Merck is the sole supplier of measles vaccines in the U.S.1 5 It produces two measles vaccines, including the MMR II and ProQuad, which is a combination measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccine.6 The CDC recommends that children receive two doses of MMR vaccine—the first dose at 12-15 months of age and the second dose at 4-6 six years. Additionally, according to the National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC), “CDC recommendations state that persons age 18 or older, who were born in 1957 or later, should get at least one dose of MMR if there is no laboratory evidence of naturally acquired measles immunity or documentation that a measles vaccine was given on or after the first birthday.”7 There are several other manufacturers of MMR vaccines in the world, including AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline of the United Kingdom, Sanofi Pasteur of France and Serum Institute of India, but Merck is the only company licensed to sell a measles containing vaccine in the U.S.8 1 Erman M. Merck steps up U.S. measles vaccine production with increased demand. CNBC May 1, 2019. 2 Whyte C. There have been more than 1000 cases of measles in the US this year. New Scientist July 30, 2019. 3 Global Sentinel. Nigeria, Global Measles Cases Increase More Than 300% in 2019 – Report. Apr. 22, 2019. 4 World Health Organization. Vaccination against measles increases amid ongoing outbreaks in Europe. July 15, 2019. 5 Lovelace B. US measles outbreak helps boost Merck’s vaccine sales in second quarter. CNBC July 30, 2019. 6 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMR and MMRV Vaccine Composition and Dosage. CDC.gov Mar. 28, 2019. 7 National Vaccine Information Center. Measles Disease & Vaccine Information. NVIC.org. 8 Apex Market Research. Global MMR Vaccines Manufacturers Market By Product Type (Monovalent, Combinational) And By End-Users/Application (Pediatrics, Adolescents) Global Market Share, Forecast Data, In-Depth Analysis, And Detailed Overview, and Forecast, 2013 – 2026. July 29, 2019.

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Educators today, recognize positive influence of parental involvement fosters higher student academic achievement levels (Danielson, 2006; Jacobs & Kritsonis, 2007). One crucial element of parental involvement is effective communication between parents and teachers. Research show parents prefer to establish informal relationships with frequent open and non-judgmental exchanges with their children's teachers (Eberly, Joshi, & Konzal, 2005). Accordingly, this article is to explore key research-based recommendations for school administrators and teacher leaders to identify and overcome communication barriers with parents. Parental Involvement Fosters Student Success Parental involvement as defined by Greene and Tichenor (2003) is participation “in the educational process by enhancing their parenting skills, developing positive communication skills between home and school, volunteering, providing learning opportunities at home, contribute to decisions that affect schooling, and collaborating with the community in support of the school” (p. 242). Research findings by Henderson (1981; 1987) and Henderson and Berla (1994) identify the following benefits from parental involvement: 1) higher student achievement; 2) increase in student graduation rates; 4) improvement in student behavior and motivation; 5) better school image among parents and students; and 6) increase in parent satisfaction with teachers (as cited in Greene & Tichenor, 2003). Although, participation can vary from parent to parent, Greene and Tichenor (2003), and researchers alike found it to be always beneficial to the student and teacher. In fact, Davern’s 2004 study argues “positive connections with families are fundamental to providing high-quality education to children” (as cited in Jacobs & Kritsonis, 2007, p. 4). Thereby establishing lines of communication, school leaders can gain positive, influential levels of support from parents. Therefore, the goal of every school leader should be improved parental communication and involvement at their campuses. Effects of Culture on Parental Involvement Often parents from diverse backgrounds are faced with the challenge of adequately communicating or establishing relationships with teachers. In fact, under most circumstances developing a trustful relationship is difficult; however, it is even more problematic when parents and teachers are from different cultures, spoken languages, and socio-economic statuses. Given that the population of the United States is becoming more and more diverse. School administrators and teacher leaders must develop new ways to communicate with increasingly diverse parents and stakeholders. The increasing diversity in student population has not only intensified the need for establishing culturally responsive pedagogy and effective communication between teachers and parents (Eberly, et al, 2005; Richard, Brown, & Forde, 2006). Likewise, as the nation’s demographics drastically...

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Pagans, Jews and Christians: Athens and Jerusalem Embroil yourself in the conflicts between Christians, Jews and the Roman state. Come across ancient sources. Learn about the Great Persecution in early second century AD. Walk away with a background on what caused the events of this period. Enrolments for this year have closed. Keep exploring subjects. This research-intensive university in north-western Sydney offers a range of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. With over 30,000 current students, Macquarie has a strong reputation for welcoming international students and embracing flexible and convenient study options, including its partnership with Open Universities Australia. QS RANKING 2020 Times Higher Education Ranking 2020 At the completion of this subject students will: - have a sound knowledge of the nature and causes of conflict between Christians, Jews and the Roman government during the first three centuries AD - have an awareness of the various ancient source traditions on this topic - have a strong grasp of these developments in the broader context of the Greco-Roman world in this period. - Jewish and Greek culture in the early first century AD - Rome and the Jews in the first century AD - Jewish and Greek culture, spread of Christianity - The Roman world to the 3rd C and the imperial cult - Roman state's reaction to Jews and Christians, 3rd C - Evidence for third century Christianity - Decius, Valerian and the Christians - The great persecution - Pagans, Christians and Jews in the papyri (I) - Pagans, Christians and Jews in the papyri (II) - Philosophical debates - A world full of gods - Discussion forum/Discussion Board - Online assignment submission - Standard Media - Resources and Links You cannot enrol in this subject if you have successfully completed any of the following subject(s) because they are considered academically equivalent: You must complete Level 1 studies in Ancient History before starting this subject. No special requirements This subject was previously known as HST250 Pagans, Jews and Christians: Athens and Jerusalem. When Tertullian posed the famous question 'What has Athens to do with Jerusalem?', he was highlighting the tensions in the early to mid-Roman empire over the Roman state's reaction to the advent of Christianity. This subject will explore two areas relevant to this controversy: What did Greeks and Romans make of Judaism and why did Jews and Christians come into conflict with Roman society. On completion, you should have a sound knowledge of the nature and causes of conflict between Christians, Jews and the Roman government during the first three centuries AD. You will gain an awareness of the various ancient source traditions on this topic. - Assignment 1 (20%) - Assignment 2 (35%) - Non-Invigilated Exam (35%) - Online Discussion (10%) Bachelor of Arts - Major in Ancient History - Major in English - Major in Modern History - Major in Philosophy - Major in Politics - Major in Society and Culture - Major in Sociology

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The Concept of ESBI by Mr Kiyosaki In his book Rich Dad, Poor Dad, Kiyosaki explained a key concept of ESBI. As we can see in the above picture, the various characteristics of people in each quadrant. Let’s discuss about the people in each quadrant, and figure out in which quadrant we find ourselves and how can we move to the most desired quadrants. First Quadrant: Employed In this quadrant we find people who are employees. They always work for others and depend other instruments which take the money from them. Cars and their life is a struggle for survival. They often compare themselves with others who made what and in the process lose the complete picture. They cannot accumulate enough wealth in the process of working for others. Sadly we find many in society including ourselves in this category. Work hard, earn money, give 30% to Govt as tax, another 30% to banks in terms of interest and live a hand to mouth life. Buy more and more liabilities as houses,fear they are driven by insecurity,process upon their salary or payment they receive from their employer. They basically work for others. The moment they stop working, their income stops and they find themselves in financial troubles. They are driven by fear of losing their job or source of income which is very much needed for their survival. so they keep on working hard, change from one company to another which pays them slightly better. Take loans to buy cars, houses and to meet big expenditures as marriages and all. To repay that loan they work more hard. Second Quadrant: Self Employed: People of this quadrant, do not work for others. they work for themselves. small business owners, entrepreneurs fall in this category. They are independent. They have to work hard to make their business run. If they take and off from their business, their income stops. So they also depend except the fact that, One works for others and the other works for self. The moment both stop working , their income stops. They also give tax to Govt and borrow money from banks to stand their business. They also like the employees run a little chance of creating great wealth and remain struggling. Third Quadrant: Big Business owners People in this quadrant create enterprises. They employ smart people who work for them and grow their business. who make money for the owner. And the Business owner generating more money from the business employs more people who further works more to enlarge the business. People in this quadrant are generating passive income as deferred to Employees and Self employed. Because their income doesn’t stop when they stop working. People are already working for them. They are secure and generate wealth in the process and go on becoming investors in the long run. But their Business still require their presence and involvement. Fourth Quadrant: Investors People in this quadrant don’t work for money. Their money works for them. They have invested in successful business and their businesses generate a continuous flow of income. They achieve their financial goals easily. They have achieved financial freedom. Their business or enterprise doesn’t require their presence to generate money. That is the beauty of being an investor. So from the above quadrants which quadrant you find yourself in. The basic purpose of this writing is to find ourselves in the Right quadrants rather than the left quadrants. How can we move towards Financial Freedom. It’s not that only few have the opportunity to achieve it. We all can achieve it if we change our mindset towards Life, Job, Money and everything we do on a day to day basis. The important thing is how we use the single single penny we get. Are we using for further wealth creation or we are buying more and more liabilities. How we see 10 years from now.. Still working for others or having a passive income out of our money. The Way Out Q. So what can I do ? I am an employee, i just can’t leave my job and be an Investor tomorrow. A- No one is asking you to leave your job right away. It’s about changing one’s mindset towards money. It’s not about changing job or finding something else to earn more. It’s about being financially disciplined. How to save out of your income and put that money in a business that ll work for you. Be an employee but be a business owner also. Look for opportunities to grow your money and have a passive income. Save every unnecessary expenditure and invest them in right instruments. There are ample opportunities to invest now a days. Just think from an Investor’s point of view. Don’t remain an employee for your entire life working for others. Achieve financial freedom.

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Cybersecurity is clearly a hot topic of discussion as cyberattacks grow in scale and continue to impact all industries. While it is safe to say that most individuals, financial institutions, business organizations, etc., are all hyperaware of the growing online security threats, a new report from Gemalto indicates that consumers hold organizations - not themselves - chiefly accountable for protecting their personal data, and thus are primarily at fault when it comes to data breaches. Over 9,000 consumers were surveyed for the report across the globe. Overall, 70% of respondents reported they think the responsibility of protecting and securing customer data lies with companies, and only 30% of individuals believe they are responsible. Over 87% of respondents have online/mobile banking accounts, 80% have social media accounts and 79% have online retail accounts. These stats show that as nearly every transaction moves online, from financials to shopping to entertainment, there is a growing risk for cybercrime in nearly every aspect of a consumer’s life. When it comes to data breaches, 21% of respondents reported that they’ve had had their financial information stolen, 20% reported that their personal details have been used fraudulently and 14% have been victims of identity theft. As the data shows, there are a number of different ways a consumer can be subjected to a breach, ranging from the innocuous such as reading the wrong email, to phishing scams, to even a few that can be attributed to an individuals’ own negligence. Corrupt websites and fraudulent web links top the chart where fraudsters often target consumers. Skimming, which has been a growing issue over the past few years, accounted for 20 percent. Yet aligned with the idea of primarily placing blame on an organization, over a quarter (27%) of respondents attributed the breach to a company’s inadequate data security solutions. Ramifications of a breach – Consumer Confidence Only 29% of respondents think that companies take protection of their data seriously indicating extremely low consumer confidence in the organizations they are doing business with. This could be due to the fact that many consumers report weak security measures. 84% reported that passwords are still the most common authentication method used for online banking – stronger solutions such as two-factor authentication and data encryption fall behind. Companies need to take notice of this low consumer confidence– besides the massive financial losses that go along with a data breach, there are many intangible effects that happen when an organization is hacked. Take Target for example - going beyond the huge financial losses the company suffered following its breach in 2013, the company’s reputation also took a huge hit. With 66% of respondents saying they would be unlikely to do business with an organization that has undergone a breach again, there is a big need for companies to put the online security measures in place, or more strongly communicate that they are taking the steps to protect clients’ data, in order to instill greater trust and brand confidence. In early 2015, we wrote about the the most common data security misconceptions organizations make. Most of that is still applicable today. Check it out below:

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Ethan Allen Hitchcock was quite satisfied to learn Jefferson Davis was not only captured just after the Civil War ended, but captured in women’s clothes. Hitchcock disliked Davis not only for his role in the Civil War, but for personal reasons. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, commissioned a third lieutenant and quickly rose through the ranks of the U.S. Army. He served in the Seminole War in Florida and as the right-hand man of Gen. Winfield Scott during the Mexican-American War. Hitchcock was a devoted scholar, an admirer of Spinoza and a collector of books on alchemy and flute music. The Mexican-American War disgusted him. “We have not one particle of right to be here,” he wrote in his diary. I have said from the first that the United States are the aggressors. We have outraged the Mexican government and people by an arrogance and presumption that deserve to be punished. For ten years we have been encroaching on Mexico and insulting her…. Her people I consider a simple, well disposed, pastoral race, no way inclined to savage usages…. Hitchcock liked and admired Winfield Scott, which would work to his disadvantage. Scott ran for president of the United States against Franklin Pierce, and lost. Pierce then named Jefferson Davis as his secretary of war. Hitchcock believed he did it partly because of Davis’ ‘violent hostility’ toward Scott. In 1855, Hitchcock was ordered to serve under a commander he viewed as brutal and ignorant. To avoid that, he asked Scott for a leave of absence. Scott granted it. Then he asked for an extension, but he was denied, due to what he called Jefferson Davis’ ‘rude and unwarrantable interference.’ Hitchcock resigned and moved to St. Louis, where he pursued his writing and philosophical studies. After the Civil War broke out, Hitchcock was commissioned a major general and went to work in the War Department. After the war ended, the news reached him on May 14, 1865, that Jefferson Davis had been captured by Union troops. Not only that, but he was captured in women’s clothes. Gideon Welles, secretary of the Navy, called it ‘a tame and ignoble letting-down of the traitor.’ It wasn’t quite like that, though the Northern press was happy to depict Davis as a cross-dressing coward, undermining attempts to portray him as a hero. Davis and his wife Varina were sleeping in a tent in southern Georgia when they were awakened by gunfire. Mrs. Davis begged him to escape while he could. Inside the dark tent, Jefferson Davis grabbed his wife’s cloak, thinking it was his, and Mrs. Davis gave him her shawl to put over his head to hide his identity. They didn’t get far. Union soldiers captured them and took them to Fort Monroe in Virginia. Some of the soldiers on the scene spread the word that Davis had been dressed like a woman. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton quickly realized the cross-dressing gossip could serve as useful propaganda. Mrs. Davis was ordered to turn over her cloak and shawl. Her cloak was very much like a man’s, and it wasn’t unusual in those days for men to wear shawls. Since the garments didn’t help the story, Stanton had them locked in a War Department safe, where they remained for decades. Hitchcock commented philosophically on Davis’ capture in his diary: May 14. Jefferson Davis is captured–in curious guise! Now he may find leisure to make his peace with God for his part in the great crime of the South.

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For the first time, scientists have read the whole genetic code of one single tiny mosquito. Traditionally, it has been difficult to extract enough DNA from insects and other small organisms to build a high quality genome for a single individual. Scientists from the Wellcome Sanger Institute and Pacific Biosciences worked in partnership to advance technology and lower the starting amount of DNA needed to just 'half a mosquito-worth', producing the first high quality whole genome of a single mosquito. The results, reported in Genes open the door to understanding the true genetic diversity of insects and other arthropods, which comprise the most diverse animal group in the tree of life. In 2018, collaborating organisations around the world officially launched the Earth BioGenome Project*, a global mission to sequence all 1.5 million known species of animals, plants, protozoa and fungi on Earth. The Earth BioGenome Project will ultimately create a new foundation for biology to drive solutions for preserving biodiversity and sustaining human societies. When studying the biology of a species, the genome of a single individual can be used as a reference to explore the genetic differences attributing to varying susceptibility to disease, fitness and adaptation within others of the same species. However, it is much easier to extract DNA and sequence the genome of some species over others. In particular, it has not been possible to assemble the genome from single small organisms such as insects using current sequencing technology. This leaves the genetic codes of individual insects and other similar-sized species inaccessible. Until now, scientists have had to pool the DNA of multiple individuals of the same species, or inbreed them to produce genetically related individuals, in order to gather enough DNA to build a genome. This creates challenges when putting the genetic sequence back together again after it has been sequenced, as it can be difficult to know which genetic fragment came from which individual, resulting in genome sequences full of gaps and errors. In the new study, Sanger Institute researchers worked with scientists at the sequencing technology provider, Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) to produce the first high-quality genome from a single insect using new technology that reduces the starting DNA needed. Dr Mara Lawniczak, co-lead author from the Wellcome Sanger Institute, said: "This advancement in sequencing technology is vital to decoding the genomes of a huge number of species in the tree of life, giving us greater power to completely understand genetic diversity within even the tiniest species." Sanger scientists extracted DNA from a single Anopheles coluzzii mosquito and sent it to PacBio in the United States. To reduce the amount of starting DNA required for genome sequencing, the PacBio team tweaked the preparation chemistry for genomic sequencing. They removed two steps from the process that result in the loss of DNA: shearing - cutting the DNA fragments into certain size ranges, and size selection - removing the unwanted small fragments. The team were able to generate a high quality genome from just 100 nanograms of DNA - about half a mosquito's worth - which is over an order of magnitude less than the 5 micrograms of DNA previously required. The resulting genome was quick to assemble, complete and accurate. As a result of the complete genomic picture, nearly half of the previously unplaced DNA fragments for this mosquito species could now be placed within the correct chromosomal context. Dr Jonas Korlach, Chief Scientific Officer at Pacific Biosciences and co-lead author of the study, said: "This has been a real team effort and we've thoroughly enjoyed the collaboration in developing this protocol. It's a great example of the significant advances we can bring to the scientific community when academia and industry work together." This advance could have positive potential for humans as well, for example in the future it could be possible to assemble the whole genetic code of a patient's cancer, from a single biopsy. Dr Peter Campbell from the Wellcome Sanger Institute, who was not involved in the study, said: "The sequencing technology also shows promise for reading the whole genetic code of an individual patient's cancer biopsy. 100 nanograms of DNA collected with a needle prick could be enough to give a detailed view of the cancer's genetics and inform targeted therapies for that specific patient." This article has been republished from materials provided by the Wellcome Sanger Institute. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source. Reference: Sarah B. Kingan, Haynes Heaton, Juliana Cudini, Christine C. Lambert, Primo Baybayan, Brendan D. Galvin, Richard Durbin, Jonas Korlach, and Mara K. N. Lawniczak. 2019. A High-Quality De novo Genome Assembly from a Single Mosquito Using PacBio Sequencing. DOI : 10.3390/genes10010062.

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“What do we learn about the Earth by studying the planets? Humility.”—Andrew Ingersoll discussing the results of the Voyager mission in 1986. Beyond Mars and the asteroid belt, we encounter a new region of the solar system: the realm of the giants. Temperatures here are lower, permitting water and other volatiles to condense as ice. The planets are much larger, distances between them are much greater, and each giant world is accompanied by an extensive system of moons and rings. From many perspectives, the outer solar system is where the action is, and the giant planets are the most important members of the Sun’s family. When compared to these outer giants, the little cinders of rock and metal that orbit closer to the Sun can seem insignificant. These four giant worlds—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune—are the subjects of this chapter. Their rings, moons, and the dwarf planet Pluto are discussed in a later chapter. - 11.1: Exploring the Outer Planets - The outer solar system contains the four giant planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The gas giants Jupiter and Saturn have overall compositions similar to that of the Sun and have been explored by the Pioneer, Voyager, Galileo, and Cassini spacecraft. Voyager 2 explored Jupiter (1979), Saturn (1981), Uranus (1986), and Neptune (1989)—a grand tour of the giant planets—and these flybys have been the only explorations to date of the ice giants Uranus and Neptune. - 11.2: The Giant Planets - Jupiter is 318 times more massive than Earth. Saturn is about 25% as massive as Jupiter, and Uranus and Neptune are only 5% as massive. All four have deep atmospheres and opaque clouds, and all rotate quickly with periods from 10 to 17 hours. Jupiter and Saturn have extensive mantles of liquid hydrogen. Uranus and Neptune are depleted in hydrogen and helium relative to Jupiter and Saturn (and the Sun). Each giant planet has a core of “ice” and “rock” of about 10 Earth masses. - 11.3: Atmosphere of the Giant Planets - The four giant planets have generally similar atmospheres, composed mostly of hydrogen and helium. Their atmospheres contain small quantities of methane and ammonia gas, both of which also condense to form clouds. Deeper (invisible) cloud layers consist of water and possibly ammonium hydrosulfide (Jupiter and Saturn) and hydrogen sulfide (Neptune). In the upper atmospheres, hydrocarbons and other trace compounds are produced by photochemistry. We do not know the origin of Jupiter's cloud colors. Thumbnail: The four giant planets in our solar system all have hydrogen atmospheres, but the warm gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn, have tan, beige, red, and white clouds that are thought to be composed of ammonia ice particles with various colorants called “chromophores.” The blue-tinted ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, are much colder and covered in methane ice clouds. (credit: modification of work by Lunar and Planetary Institute, NASA) Andrew Fraknoi (Foothill College), David Morrison (NASA Ames Research Center), Sidney C. Wolff (National Optical Astronomy Observatory) with many contributing authors. Textbook content produced by OpenStax College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 license. Download for free at https://openstax.org/details/books/astronomy).

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High school students are provided with different pathways to ease their way into college life, and a dual enrollment program is one of three popular academic tracks. The program is a nationwide initiative designed for high-achieving and highly motivated high school students who have the ability to take college-level courses in 10th, 11th and 12th grades to earn an associate’s degree while completing the requirements for high school graduation. Implementation of the dual enrollment program is spearheaded by the high schools in collaboration with a local college and with the direction of the School Board for the district. Students have the option of completing more than one associate’s degree during their high school years, and certificates of completion are typically awarded at their high school graduation. Rationale Behind Dual Enrollment Some high school students need challenges beyond what the regular curriculum can provide. Completing college-level courses as part of the high school curriculum demonstrates motivation, high achievement and competence, which would help demonstrate students’ level of readiness for college. Dual enrollment allows students to take college courses on the campus of a local college or on the high school campus with college instructors handling the classes. Completed courses may count for college credits, depending on the institution. Theoretically, completing an associate’s degree in high school would mean that the student will be entering college with enough credits as a second or third year college student. This also means that the student would have saved a year or two of college tuition and expenses by completing certain courses in high school. High school students do not pay tuition on dual enrollment classes according to a report by the Education Commission of the States. Limitations of the Dual Enrollment Program It is important to emphasize that dual enrollment credits earned in high school may not always translate to credits in all post-secondary schools. This is because the dual enrollment program is a collaboration between the high school and specific colleges in the area. The associate’s degree will be fully credited by the cooperating college, usually a community or state college, for the first two years of a four-year bachelor’s degree program. Other colleges may not award the full two-year credits while top-tier universities may not award any course credits at all. In both cases, completion of an associate’s degree through a dual enrollment program will count in favor of the students for purposed of admission and college readiness. Alternatives to Dual Enrollment High schools strive to provide college-readiness opportunities for all of its students. Dual enrollment is a popular choice for those who have chosen to pursue careers in the health, business, arts and technical fields. Alternatives to dual enrollment include the AP program wherein high school students complete as many AP courses as possible during their four years of high school. Students have to pass the tests corresponding to the courses completed and score at least a four or a five to earn college credits for the AP courses completed. Credits are granted at the discretion of the college. The AP Capstone program is a modified version where students earn a diploma for meeting a defined number of courses and other requirements. Other high schools offer similar tracks through the International Baccalaureate program or the Cambridge Advanced International Certificate of Education program. Related Resource: Top 10 Dual Enrollment Programs Online High school students should consider the dual enrollment program at their schools especially when the program is a collaborative project with their preferred college. There are many advantages to earning an associate’s degree in high school, some of which are early completion of a bachelor’s degree, tuition savings and the opportunity to start working with college credentials upon graduating from high school.

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In many ways, parents act as their children’s first teachers, and local leaders want that influence to continue even after young people start school. Representatives from HISD, Children at Risk, Barbara Bush Houston Literacy Foundation, Early Matters, and Collaborative for Children joined forces during a press conference at Cunningham Elementary School on Sept. 3 to promote that message and encourage parents to make the most of the resources available to them. “Learning is a 24-hour process,” explained Ken Huewitt, who serves as HISD’s deputy superintendent and chief financial officer. “We want to provide parents with programs — such as HIPPY and the many others offered through FACE — that will allow them to continue the learning process.” “As we go back to school, it’s really important for parents to understand that they need to be a part of the equation for student success,” added Dr. Bob Sanborn, president and CEO of Children at Risk. “The role of parents is a key part of children getting good grades, being confident, and liking school.” “We all share a common goal – to ensure that every child is afforded the opportunity for success in school,” said Dr. Julie Baker Finck, who serves as president of the Bush Houston Literacy Foundation. Listed below are other resources that parents might find useful. Some are related to Literacy Awareness Month and Attendance Awareness Month, both of which are in September. - Academic Parent Teacher Teams: http://www.houstonisd.org/Page/99151 - Attendance: http://www.houstonisd.org/attendance - “Discover 15” Literacy Guide: http://www.bushhoustonliteracy.org/get-involved/discover-15-reading-resources - Family Learning Academies: http://www.houstonisd.org/Page/109545 - Finding Childcare: http://www.collabforchildren.org/families/find-child-care - Parent Education Programs: http://www.collabforchildren.org/families/parent-education-programs-greater-houston-area - Read Aloud Posters: http://www.bushhoustonliteracy.org/get-involved/read-aloud-posters - Tips & Resources: http://www.collabforchildren.org/families/tips-resources

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Source of book image: http://images-eu.amazon.com/images/P/0060598964.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg (p. 43) Jefferson was not a man of the Enlightenment only in the ordinary sense that he believed in reason or perhaps in rationality. He was very specifically one of those who believed that human redemption lay in education, discovery, innovation, and experiment. There were many such in the American Revolution. Thomas Paine spent much of his career designing a new form of iron bridge to aid transportation and communication. Dr. Joseph Priestley, another man who fled royalist and Anglican persecution and who removed himself from England to Philadephia after a “Church and King” mob had smashed his laboratory, was a chemist and physician of great renown. Benjamin Franklin would be remembered for his de- (p. 44) ductions about the practical use of electricity if he had done nothing else. Jefferson, too, considered himself a scientist. He studied botany, fossils, crop cycles, and animals. He made copious notes on what he saw. He designed a new kind of plow, which would cut a deeper furrow in soil exhausted by the false economy of tobacco farming. He was fascinated by the invention of air balloons, which he instantly saw might provide a new form of transport as well as a new form of warfare. He enjoyed surveying and prospecting and, when whaling became an important matter in the negotiation of a commercial treaty, wrote a treatise on the subject himself. He sent horticultural clippings from Virginia to the brilliant French consul Crevecoeur in New York, comparing notes on everything from potatoes to cedars. As president, he did much to further Dr. Edward Jenner’s novel idea of cowpox vaccination as an insurance against the nightmare of smallpox, helping Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse of Boston—the initiator of the scheme in America—to overcome early difficulties in transporting the vaccine by suggesting that it lost its potency when exposed to wamth. Henceforward carried in water-cooled vials, the marvelous new prophylactic was administred to all at Monticello. (Not everything that Jeffrson did on his estate was exploitation.) For a comparison in context, we might note that Dr. Timothy Dwight, then president of Yale and to this day celebrated as an American Divine, was sternly opposed to vaccination as a profane interference with God’s beneficent design. Christopher Hitchens. Thomas Jefferson: Author of America (Eminent Lives). New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2005. ISBN: 0060598964

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"Scarlet is the yellowest of the reds and people tend to assume that Will Scarlet, one of the character in the Robin Hood stories, wore clothes that were dyed this exact colour but the truth is harder to determine. At the time of the earliest Robin Hood stories (and Will Scarlet was present in the very earliest story) the fruit we call an orange and which gave us the colour name had not yet been introduced to Europe and so colours we call orange were called variously red or gold, or red-yellow. They were also, often called scarlet, especially the more reddish oranges. Consequently it is not possible to know whether the scarlet clothing that Will preferred was an actual red as the colour is defined today, or whether or not it was a colour that we would call orange today. NAPHTHOL reds were amongst the first red colours included in acrylic ranges when they were first introduced around 1960. PR112 has for all that time served duty as a warm red and has remained popular due to its lower cost compared to it???s showier but also more pricy newer competitors. It does have a lower lightfastness rating compared to those more expensive colours but then not every artwork needs to last for hundreds of years and many many artists are well pleased with its many good qualities. Matisse has improved on the original NAPHTHOL Scarlet formulations by the simple but important addition of Pigment Orange 36 which is also known as Vermilion (Azo) as a blend. This creating a red by using PO36 is common practice in the automotive coatings industry because it offers many advantages. In this case the blend has various benefits. Firstly, the NAPHTHOL red pigment is too transparent on its own and the PO36 gives it body and greater covering power. Secondly it improves lightfastness to a certain degree but also increases weather resistance opening its use for artworks exposed to high intensity light and undercover outdoor works, especially those not intended for permanent installation. Scarlet is a very useful colour for the artist. As the warmest red it is the best choice to use if making orange by mixing with yellow. It also shares with the traditional vermilion used by the old masters a crucial role in painting the colours found in Caucasian skins. Pinks made with a cooler red have a limited role in getting good flesh colours, but the salmony colours produced by mixing a light red, or scarlet with white are incredibly useful. That is not to say that mixing up a salmon pink and painting that all over the flesh areas is the best way to go, but rather, (allowing for the fact that skin exhibits a wide range of tones depending on the individual and the lighting conditions), that salmony pinks form one of the more important colours among a gamut that includes ochres, mauves, and other colours.

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By Dan Whitcomb (Reuters) – The Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii has been hit by at least 50 small earthquakes since October of last year, scientists said on Tuesday, prompting U.S. geologists to raise its alert level to yellow. An eruption of Mauna Loa, the world’s largest active volcano, did not appear to be imminent. The increased seismic activity indicated a shift in the “shallow magma storage system” under the mountain, the Hawaii Volcano Observatory (HVO) said in an advisory. “As has happened before, it is possible that current low-level unrest will continue and vary in intensity for many months, or even years without an eruption,” the observatory said. “It is also possible that the current unrest is an early precursor to an eventual eruption. At this time, we cannot determine which of these possibilities is more likely.” Yellow is the second level on the Hawaii Volcano Observatory’s color-coded alert chart, above green, which is used to indicate “background, non-eruptive state.” Orange signifies a volcano exhibiting “heightened or escalating unrest with increased potential of eruption.” The highest alert level, red, indicates that an eruption is imminent. “HVO expects that days or weeks prior to an eruption, monitoring instruments will detect signs of an increased potential for eruption,” the observatory said. “However, it is also possible that the time frame to eruption could be shorter – hours to days. All communities on the flanks of the volcano should be prepared.” The last episode of volcanic activity in Hawaii was a destructive eruption of lava last summer from a series of fissures that opened at the foot of Kilauea Volcano, also on the Big Island. Kilauea spewed rivers of molten rock that swallowed hundreds of homes before creeping several miles (km) to the ocean, ultimately engulfing two seaside housing developments there. The property losses from the May-to-August event marked the most destructive eruption event of Kilauea or any other volcano in Hawaii’s recorded history. Mauna Loa, which takes up more than half of the Big Island, and rises 13,679 feet (4,169 meters) above the Pacific Ocean, last erupted in March and April of 1984, sending a flow of lava within 5 miles (8.05 km) of the city of Hilo. The volcano has produced voluminous flows of lava that have reached the ocean at least eight times since 1868, and twice its eruptions have destroyed villages, in 1926 and 1950. (Reporting by Dan Whitcomb; Additional reporting by Steve Gorman; editing by Bill Tarrant and Sandra Maler)

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Harnessing the power of microorganisms is a hallmark of human technical advancement. In the 21st century, micro-algae have the potential to radically alter the way we live, similar to the exploitation of yeast and bacteria did in its time. Solarvest’s bio-hydrogen platform Literally green. Algae naturally consume carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) and under certain conditions release hydrogen (renewable energy) and oxygen (a clean gas) in the process. Simple. Hydrogen is a biogas that is captured without harvesting the algae. Traditional oil-based biofuel platforms must harvest, separate, isolate and transform the biofuel before it is used in the energy sector. Robust. Solarvest’s hydrogen bioreactors remain productive for weeks, rather than days. 1st generation algal bio-hydrogen platforms induce hydrogen through nutrient starvation, an irreversible method that kills the algae. Visionary. Solarvest BioEnergy is applying techniques emerging from the science of synthetic biology to algal bio-hydrogen production. Solarvest’s hydrogen technology is based on a type of “synthetic gene circuit” know as a metabolator. The application of these next generation bioengineering tools has lead to the discovery of a novel way to make bio-hydrogen from algae. Solarvest is alone in the biotech arena in the application of these innovative gene circuits to real world applications. Productive. Algal chloroplasts are equivalent to their evolutionary-related bacterial counterparts for the manufacture of bioactive recombinant proteins. More dynamic than bacterial platforms; with the capacity to manufacture soluble, bioactive proteins. Thus, eliminating the need for additional elaborate and expensive steps to bring bioactives to market. Safer than comparable plant platforms for the manufacture of bioactives. Production strains are held in indoors, in a controlled facility with strict protocols to handle biological waste. Sustainable nutritional oils from algae Health focused. Algae naturally produce a variety of nutritional and heath-promoting products such as antioxidants and omega-3 oils. Pure and free of harmful impurities. Current methods used for the extraction of Omega-3 oils from micro-algae, fish and krill utilize hexane, or other organic solvents. Traces of which remain as a residue in the final oil formulation. Solarvest is utilizing chemical-free methods for extracting the oils and for stabilizing the oils to create sustainable and safe omega-3 oils. Environmentally-sustainable. The vast majority of Omega-3 oils that are sold containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are extracted from fish or krill. These sources of Omega-3 oils are not sustainable (1). In contrast, micro-alga are the sources of DHA and EPA for the entire oceanic food chain, but can be grown in fermentation vessels using sustainable inputs for growth. Solarvest has selected key algae strains and has developed environmentally conscious and natural formulations for growing algae for the production of Omega-3 oils. 1. Naylor et. al. 2009. Feeding aquaculture in an era of finite resources. PNAS. 106: no. 36 15103-15110 100% vegan. Solarvest uses no animal products in the manufacture of its omega-3 oils. Solarvest adds only 100% pure, non-GMO ingredients. No chemicals, such as monosodium glutamate or industrial by-products, such as corn steep liquor, are used in Solarvest patent-pending process. Solarvest’s approach has been to utilize its expertise in algae culture and biotechnology to develop useful applications for these diverse attributes.

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What does bacteria, a blade of grass and the human body have in common? On the surface, very little. But given the title of this blog, you’re probably way ahead of me. At a cellular level, they all make use of the same superb genetic database to control their appearance, as well as how they develop, function and behave. This incredibly complex information array is encoded into the DNA molecule existing in every cell of every organism. DNA is effectively the manual or blueprint that contains all the essential information and instructions in chemical form to build, grow and maintain a living thing. Right now, we are on a voyage of discovery to unlock more of the secrets held within the microscopic structure of DNA. It’s an area of research that has huge potential befits for us all; everything from boosting food production to helping us understand, diagnose, treat and cure a host of diseases. Why am I particularly interested? Because Linux and High Performance Computing (HPC) are key enabling technologies behind all the research and breakthroughs in this field. The age of genomic research All of our genetic information is carried in two strands of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) that coil around each other in a double helix shape. This molecular structure was first correctly identified in 1953 by Francis Crick and James Watson. But it wasn’t until the completion of the Human Genome Project in April 2003 that all the genetic information in the human genome (a technical word for all our DNA) was successfully identified, sequenced and mapped. This vast international scientific research project took a total of 13 years and cost approximately $2.7 billion to complete. That’s not surprising, because DNA is an amazing and complicated substance. It has been only 17 years since the initial Human Genome Project was completed. In that time, the cost and time needed to sequence a partial or an entire human genome has been slashed. Today genetic testing has become commonplace and can often be completed in a matter of weeks. This means we can now easily map the genome of any individual to enable more precise medical treatment. It also makes it possible to build and maintain deep, broad databases of real-world genetic information. With this level of big data, we can begin to automate the large-scale analysis of genetic information helping to improve healthcare for whole populations. My Key takeaways There’s no doubt about it. We are living in amazing times. Here are a few parting thoughts I’d like to leave you with: - The benefits of open source research The Human Genome Project is an excellent example of large-scale international cooperation. It took a closely-coordinated and collaborative team effort to complete. Once the human genome had been successfully sequenced and decoded, it was immediately made publicly available. Since then, new information has been regularly published and made freely available. Here at SUSE, we’re totally committed to this community-driven “open source” ideal. It permeates everything we do. - DNA is amazing for data storage This year, it’s estimated that for every person on the planet, 1.7MB of data will be produced every second. That’s a staggering amount of new data being generated every year. It also means we have a data storage problem looming on the horizon. Fortunately, DNA makes it possible to accurately store vast amounts of data at a density way beyond any electronic devices we’re currently using. It’s also stable and incredibly energy efficient. It might sound like science fiction right now, but just last year all the information on Wikipedia was successfully encoded into synthetic DNA. So, watch this space… - Economics and performance improvements from HPC solutions The initial Human Genome Project between 1990 and 2003 was a bioinformatics triumph. This is a multi-discipline field of science that combines biology, computer science, software tools, information engineering, mathematics and statistics. For obvious reasons, the project required the use of supercomputers to handle all the number-crunching involved. As you can see from the graph below, the cost of sequencing human genomes has been drastically dropping over the years. There are two reasons for this. One is due to advancements in gene sequencing methods, with more automation and higher throughputs. The other is down to the vastly improved performance and economics of supercomputers. The fastest option today is performing 85 times faster than any option available a decade ago. And every one of the top 500 now runs on Linux, ensuring that it is way more cost-effective. SUSE leads the way in tailoring Linux for HPC environments. Why not take a moment to check out the information available at either of these links: - HPC and Advanced Analytics: Three Things You Need to Know - SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing Thanks for reading!

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America is known as the land of the free and the home of the brave. The only problem I have with this theory is the fact that this is not always true. I find it quite difficult to progress in a land where separate was considered equal. A land that is always fighting freedom, but forgets some of its own people. There are no excuses for slavery of any sort but there had to be some reason. To call someone a derogatory word is low, but preventing them for succeeding is much worst. I feel as if people of color were restrained because someone knew that they could do great things. Maybe it was the thought that African Americans would be better at more things than Caucasian folks. It had to be something of this nature because, a slave owner once said, “An educated slave was useless, for he would begin to think.” Not allowing an individual to think, that is just like you, is immoral. That is my sole reason for encouraging all African Americas to learn. I am constantly telling my little brother, every time he drags to do his homework, “Long ago you could not learn, even if you wanted to. Now you can learn everything there is to be taught. People died for you to have this opportunity. How dare you be so unappreciative of the lives lost?” For the most part, the worst is over and we must look forward. My question is, “How do you progress when you have been restricted and oppressed for so long?” Many great African-Americans have answered this question by their actions. The establishment of HBCUs has contributed to American History by simply changing it. Before the Civil War educated people of color were uncommon. Of course there were the fortunate ones like Fredrick Douglas, a self-educated man of color. The uneducated out numbered the educated by masses. When the Morril Land-Grant Act gave federal lands for the purpose of higher education, many of these great opportunities were not open to American Americans. This called for a change. If John tells Thomas that he can not have any of his lunch, it is human nature for Thomas to go in search for his own lunch. That was what it took, determination. To pursue without ceasing, that was the secret of success. It was our turn to learn. It was our opportunity to say, if you let me learn, I can be just as smart as you. I can live my wildest dreams. My father was not a doctor but I can be. My Grandfather or my father could not vote but, I will. My voice will be heard. It was a sense of new hope and a new beginning. Thanking God should be first on our agendas because he started it. Education began in the church far before the government gave the okay for HBCUs. Secondly, HBCUs are just as good and, in many cases, better than white schools. I am so proud of the black college graduates, for they have come so far. America has black doctors, governors, civil right’s activists, school teachers, lawyers, and the list goes on of all the individuals making a difference in today’s world. With a black man running for President of The United States of America, progression can be seen clearly. All things done so far are merely making it better for the individuals that will follow. Without Historically Black Colleges or Universities, the movement would have never started. Many African Americans would not have so many opportunities. We have learned that we must excel and do well so that we may be judged by the content of character and not by the color of our skin. Living this way will make so many of our people who set up our futures proud. One must always remember that they have to be the change they want to see in the world.

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Mercy Otis Warren was called “The Conscience of the American Revolution.” She was wife of Massachusetts House Speaker James Warren, sister of patriot James Otis, and she corresponded with Franklin, Jefferson, Hamilton and John Adams. In 1805, Mercy Otis Warren published a 3 volume History of the Rise, Progress and Termination of the American Revolution. In Observations on the new Constitution, and on the Federal and State Conventions, 1788, Mercy Otis Warren wrote: “The immediate gift of the Creator obliges every one…to resist the first approaches of tyranny, which at this day threaten to sweep away the rights for which the brave Sons of America have fought… “Behold the insidious efforts of the partisans of arbitrary power…to lock the strong chains of domestic despotism on a country…” “Save us from anarchy on the one hand, and the jaws of tyranny on the other…” “It has been observed…that ‘the virtues and vices of a people’ when a revolution happens in their government, are the measure of the liberty or slavery they ought to expect.” Mercy Otis Warren continued: “And when asked, what is become of the rich produce of their farms – they may answer in the hapless style of the Man of La Mancha, ‘The steward of my Lord has seized and sent it to Madrid.’ Or, in the more literal language…Government requires that the collectors of the revenue should transmit it to the Federal City.” In Observations on the new Constitution, 1788, Mercy Otis Warren stated: “Monarchy is a species of government fit only for a people too much corrupted by luxury, avarice, and a passion for pleasure, to have any love for their country… Monarchy is…by no means calculated for a nation that is…tenacious of their liberty — animated with a disgust to tyranny — and inspired with the generous feeling of patriotism.” Mercy Otis Warren concluded: “The origin of all power is in the people, and they have an incontestable right to check the creatures of their own creation.” Mercy Otis Warren and Abigail Adams were two of the most influential women of the Revolutionary War era. Abigail Adams, wife of the 2nd President and mother of the 6th President, wrote to Mercy Otis Warren on NOVEMBER 5, 1775: “A patriot without religion in my estimation is as great a paradox as an honest Man without the fear of God. Is it possible that he whom no moral obligations bind, can have any real Good Will towards Men?” Abigail Adams continued in her letter to Mercy Otis Warren: “Can he be a patriot who, by an openly vicious conduct, is undermining the very bonds of Society, corrupting the Morals of Youth, and by his bad example injuring the very Country he professes to patronize more than he can possibly compensate by intrepidity, generosity and honour?… Scriptures tell us ‘righteousness exalteth a Nation.’” The Moral Liberal contributing editor, William J. Federer, is the bestselling author of “Backfired: A Nation Born for Religious Tolerance no Longer Tolerates Religion,” and numerous other books. A frequent radio and television guest, his daily American Minute is broadcast nationally via radio, television, and Internet. Check out all of Bill’s bookshere.

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Isn’t it great when voice professionals (including Ear, Nose and Throat Specialists (ENTs) and speech pathologists) give parents really helpful suggestions like “Tell Jimmy not to yell so much”, or “I know Bella loves to talk and sing all day – but she needs to stop, just for for a month or two!” Traditionally, voice therapy for kids with nodules and other common voice problems caused by excessive shouting or talking has been based on “vocal conservation” or what some have dubbed as “a vocal diet”. For some children, silence – though golden – is not an option: it’s not who they are and they simply won’t do it. To be honest, there doesn’t seem to be much evidence to support vocal rest as an effective treatment for children. In fact, recent research on other tissue damage suggests that light exercise may actually be better for healing damaged tissue than total rest. From a speech-language perspective, we don’t want to suppress spontaneous communication and social interaction if we can avoid it. Nor do we want to shame (or bribe) kids into silence unless we’re sure there’s no better, more natural way of helping them with their voices. After an ENT has ruled out potentially dangerous conditions like Recurrent Respiratory Papilloma and diagnosed a child as having a voice disorder caused by vocal misuse, there are two main ways speech pathologists treat children for voice disorders: - direct voice therapy, where we work on the child’s voice directly; and - indirect voice therapy, also known by the dreadful term “vocal hygiene”, where we work with the family to change the child’s environment (e.g. reducing background noise, exposure to smoke), and non-vocal behaviours (e.g. diets, sleep, coughing) to improve the child’s voice. We’ve posted 10 indirect voice therapy tips here. The goals of direct voice therapy will, of course, depend on what’s wrong with a child’s voice – their voice assessment results. In most cases, however, parents will want their child to end therapy with a clear voice that is: - loud enough to be heard in a variety of places the child goes, e.g. the classroom, the playground, and the sportsfield; - not strained or effortful; - not likely to fatigue quickly; and - unlikely to cause further damage or trauma to the voice box. Speech pathologists, who are trained in the anatomy and the use (and abuse) of the larynx (or voice box), know that, to achieve these goals, children need to learn a safe way of producing a relatively loud voice while not banging their vocal cords together, contracting their so-called “false vocal cords”, or allowing too much air pressure to build up beneath their vocal cords when they use their voices. Children need to be taught how to bring their vocal cords together lightly without banging them shut when they speak (or yell). There are a few ways of doing this, including using Voicecraft techniques and principles of Resonant Voice. While speech pathologists need to understand the anatomy of the voice box and evidence-based treatment options, they also need to earn the child’s trust, help motivate the child to do the therapy and measure the outcomes objectively in collaboration with the family. Each of these elements is an essential part of good voice therapy for children. - Indirect voice therapy: 10 practical things you can do to help your child achieve and keep a healthy voice - My child has a voice problem. So what? - Child voice therapy – an introduction Key source: Verdolini Abbott, K. (2013). Some Guiding Principles in Emerging Models of Voice Therapy for Children. Seminars in Speech and Language, 32(2), 80-93. Banter Speech & Language is owned and managed by David Kinnane, a Hanen- and LSVT LOUD-certified speech-language pathologist with post-graduate training in the Spalding Method for literacy, the Lidcombe and Camperdown Programs for stuttering, and Voicecraft for voice disorders. David is also a Certified PESL Instructor for accent modification. David holds a Master of Speech Language Pathology from the University of Sydney, where he was a Dean’s Scholar. David is a Practising Member of Speech Pathology Australia and a Certified Practising Speech Pathologist (CPSP).

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It has been proven that introducing your children to how food is prepared in the kitchen and getting them involved as young as possible contributes towards helping them to make choices that are healthier when they grow up, and can even help to prevent picky eaters. Introducing your child or children to your kitchen when they are still young, will help them to develop the skills that will benefit them immensely when they are older. It also helps to impart fond memories of the time they spend with you. However, before you embark on this crusade in order to get your kids more involved in your kitchen, it is crucial to first make sure this space is inviting, and more importantly, a safe environment to work in. This will go a long way towards teaching your children about practical food preparation, how to cook and a way to enjoy mealtimes together. Here are a few practical tips to ensure your kitchen is child-friendly: 1. Avoid Any Sharp Edges Keep in mind that a young child is more likely to only just reach worktops or the handles of kitchen cupboards. And when it comes to younger children that are still developing their spatial awareness, they may be prone to sustaining cuts or bumps. While the more modern designs are focused on sharp and sleek edges, when you have small kids in the kitchen it would be better to consider a design with edges that are rounded. In addition, choosing kitchen units that are handleless is one of the easiest ways to make sure your children won’t bump their heads and it removes the temptation that these handles need to be opened or pulled on. It is also a good idea to use magnetic locks on your base units, yet you should always still store any dangerous items in cabinets that they are unable to reach. 2. Keep Your Hot Areas Safe While all the best child-proofing methods in the world will not come close to being vigilant, you can still use these tips to lower the risks involved from the hot areas such as boiling kettles and hobs. Your custom glass splashbacks might encourage your children to focus more on the hob, so when possible, choose one of the induction hobs rather than an electric or gas stove. The induction hobs are designed in a way that they only provide heat to a pan or a pot rather than the hob, which means that once you are finished cooking and you have removed the pan, the temperature quickly drops, reducing the risks of burns. 3. Keep A “Kids” Cupboard Even though safety in the kitchen is paramount when there are young children around, you should still make it an environment where your kids can explore and learn. Dedicating one of the cupboards in your kitchen for just your children will help them to enjoy preparing and cooking meals with you. Choose one of the low-level base units that are easy to access for your kids. Equip the cupboard with safe equipment, food items, and utensils. This could include items like plastic cups, bowls, measuring spoons, and plastic utensils. This will also allow them to set their own places at the dinner table. 4. Have Fun In addition to the safety tips mentioned above, if you want a child-friendly kitchen it is important that you are relaxed and you are able to have fun with your kids. Once you have taken all the steps necessary to create a fun and safe environment you can focus more of your attention on enjoying this special time with your children. Whether you prepare food together or dine together as a family, try to make sure your kitchen always feels like an inviting and welcoming space for your kids.

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Food & Water Fowls must have access to adequate and appropriate water for their age, stage of production and weather conditions. A clean, adequate supply of water, placed in a cool shaded area in hot weather, is required. If automatic nipple drinkers are used, they should always be fitted with a failsafe mechanism. Variations in consumption range from a few millilitres for chickens to 500 ml per day in summer for adults. Water needs to be cleaned out regularly and can be slightly raised to prevent fowls walking through it. When supplying water for very young chickens, care must be taken to ensure the water is very shallow so that there is no risk of drowning. A covered water trough, which automatically refills, mounted outside on the shed wall is recommended to avoid wetting the litter. The trough should be 200 mm above floor level and should be long enough to allow each bird in the flock to drink at the one time (10 cm per bird and if less, two or more drinkers are needed). There are a variety of automatic waterers available from poultry equipment suppliers. If water for poultry is pumped directly from dams, without being treated, there is an increased risk of avian influenza being transmitted to the domestic poultry, from wild ducks. Therefore it is recommended that town or tank water should be used for poultry and water lines should be regularly flushed and cleaned to prevent a build up of slime. Water medications should be introduced gradually and closely monitored to ensure correct dosage and consumption of adequate water quantity. Fowls must have access to adequate and appropriate feed for their age, stage of production and weather conditions. Quantity and quality of feed should be based on: - Extra demands based on growth and egg laying. - Prevailing/predicted weather conditions. Regular assessment should be made of the needs of the birds in relation to the quantity and quality of feed. This can be done by weighing birds and performing visual assessment of their condition. Gentle palpitation of the breast area gives a good indication of the condition of a chicken. Poultry are naturally foraging animals and so for optimum digestion should be provided with a variety of feed and vegetation. While they can be fed entirely on purpose made concentrate like pellets, fowls gain both physical and behavioural enrichment from having access to vegetation such as grass, seeds, grubs and insects, in addition to their daily ration of concentrate. Crumbles and mash should be used for young chicks and grit is important to enable healthy gut function in birds as it aids in their ability to break down food. Grit and feed high in calcium is important for layers if they are to produce quality eggs with strong eggshells and ensure they do not become calcium deficient themselves. Adult hens and roosters require 150-200g of pellets per day and these should be fed ab lib. Commercially prepared food is preferred as it ensures all nutritional needs are met. Other feed types like grains and green forages should only be fed in addition, not as a replacement. Layer hens should not be fed coccidiostats if their eggs are to be used for human consumption. Regular monitoring should be carried out to ensure all birds are gaining access to the feed and that hens that are lower in the pecking order are not being denied access to the feed. Chickens being grown for egg production need chicken starter crumbles or mash from day 1 to about six weeks. The diet should contain 18%–20% crude protein and a coccidiostat, to prevent the disease coccidiosis. From 6–18 weeks of age, growers’ pellets or crumbles with 15%–16% protein can be used. Food and water should be supplied to chickens ab-lib and at 18 weeks the pullets should be fed a laying diet, which should be available constantly. Pellets can also be supplemented with scratch grain and kitchen scraps, but kitchen scraps must never be relied upon solely as the diet. Broiler chickens should be fed starter crumble for the first two weeks with 22% protein. From two to four weeks of age, crumble with 22% protein is suitable and from four weeks of age until market weight, crumble with 18% protein is suitable. The crumble provided up to the age of four weeks should contain a coccidiostat to prevent the disease coccidiosis. Food and water for poultry gives an example of how to provide the correct nutrition and water for broiler chicks in the school environment.

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Piney Branch Baptist Church Piney Branch School, adjacent to Piney Branch Baptist Church, is the only one-room school for African American children still standing in its original location. Land Sold for School February 5, 1878, Peter and Emily Couse of Monmouth County, New Jersey, sold two acres for $20 to Chancellor District school trustees on what is now Piney Branch Road. The trustees were X. X. Chartters, R. W Furneybrough and Nathan Talley. Nearly two months later on April 1, 1878, Messrs. Chartters, Furneybrough and Talley sold one of those acres for $10 to the trustees of Piney Branch Colored Church represented by Claiborne Lewis, John Lewis, and William Parker for the purpose of educating the population of Negro children who lived in the area and attended the church. Even though situated next door, the church building was not owned by the membership until 21 years later on September 12, 1899, when two acres consisting of a burial ground “... and all buildings thereon” were sold to them for $1 by W E and Sarah Embrey. James Henry Robinson's Thoughts on the School I began my education in the old Piney Branch School. This was the very first building and my parents also attended there. My first teacher was Miss Otelia Upshaw. Before too long I was calling her Aunt Teelie. Piney Branch Church, standing nearby seemed to have been the parent body. The preacher, teacher, and all parents were our leaders and were highly respected and involved in this little community called Piney Branch. -James Henry Robinson Jr, (1910 to 2000) Son of Clara Dean (1882 to 1961) and James Henry Robinson, Senior (1883 to 1937). Courtesy of Robinson Family Genealogy. Piney Branch School Piney Branch School operated for five months during the academic year. It was not until the 1919 to 1920 academic year that the school was officially named “Piney Branch” in school records. Prior to this date, it was simply the colored school in Screamerville. It was one of four African American schools in the Chancellor District; the other three were Diggs, Brock Road (later Parker), and Carters. School Sold in 1945 By 1945, the Piney Branch School and others like it were no longer sustainable. The Spotsylvania County School Board, consisting of T. B. Sale, J. C. Hawkins, J. Henry Burrus, and B. M. Pates, sold this particular school at public auction for $280 on June 4, 1945. The successful bidder was Piney Branch Baptist Church, represented by its trustees Samuel Ford, Carl Lewis and Thomas Lewis (left, courtesy Ida Lewis).

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2:54 min Read Climate change puts your morning — or afternoon — caffeine jolt at risk. Plant diseases, compounded by climate change, could decimate coffee yields. Researchers predict that without intervention, several types of coffee beans could be extinct by 2050. Plant breeders looking to develop more resilient varieties of coffee trees now have an important new tool to aid their efforts, a complete understanding of the plant’s genome. Recently, a group of researchers at the University of California, Davis successfully sequenced the genome of Arabica beans, the species of coffee with highest quality. Dr. Allen Van Deynze, a member of the team that sequenced the genome, compares the advancement to a genetic dictionary. Van Deynze, the associate director of the Plant Breeding Center at the University of California, Davis and Acting Director of the Seed Biotechnology Center, worked on a number of crops during his 26-year career. We talked to Van Deynze about the global importance of coffee, sequencing its genome and the future of this essential crop. What got you interested in working on coffee? A few colleagues of mine with strong interests in coffee approached me about working together to sequence the coffee genome. Soon after, we were approached by Suntory, one of the biggest beverage companies in Japan. They had a similar interest to invest in coffee, and so they funded our project. Coffee is the second-most traded commodity in the world, after oil. It’s a difficult crop for farmers to grow because of climate change and disease, but until recently, there’s been little to no investment put into breeding technologies and development for coffee. The reason for that was likely due to a gap in awareness between the people living where coffee is grown and where it is consumed the most. A big eye-opener came to consumers in 2012, when we lost 55 percent of coffee crops growing in Central America and South America to coffee rust, a fatal and contagious disease to these plants. More than 400,000 people lost their jobs picking or growing coffee, and the price of coffee shot up. After that happened, consumers became aware of the issues threatening the cups of coffee they enjoy as a part of their morning routines. What is a genome and why is it important? The genome is a physical map — it outlines the complete set of genes in an organism. Plant breeders need this map to associate different genes to their specific functions. But to build on those connections, they use a genetic map to understand how genes are related or what order they are in the genome. When used in conjunction, breeders can connect and leverage the two maps together. Understanding the genetic makeup of a crop gives us the blueprint to how it functions, and this is an important first step to leveraging technology to advance plant breeding and development. It gives scientists another tool in their toolbox to breed better plant varieties that are high yielding, high quality, easier to grow and able to resist disease and climate change. Now that the coffee genome has been sequenced, what happens next? Moving forward, I think we're going to see new varieties that are going to increase yield, be more resilient to climate change and disease, and maybe even introduce new flavors. Most importantly, we need to be developing coffee varieties to make sure farmers are able to produce the crop in large quantities, rather than just accepting today’s old varieties that are very difficult to grow now. It’s an exciting time for coffee research. To sequence the genome, we collaborated with Jay Ruskey at Frinj Coffee — a new coffee grower in Goleta, California, where we harvested plant tissue — and with the Coffee Research Institute in Kenya, the oldest coffee research center in the world. The Kenyan group has been looking at ways to improve plant breeding for the last 50 years, but they weren’t using genomic tools. We provided them with information about the coffee genome, and they provided us with information to understand the populations and traits of coffee crops in the field. Working together informed our work sequencing the genome and helped them accelerate their breeding programs, cutting the time it takes to develop new varieties from 20 years down to five or 10 years.

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Swollen gums, bleeding after brushing, loosening of teeth, constant bad breath and receding gum line — all these are signs of poor oral hygiene and its adverse impact on gums. Problems in gums in initial stages are easy to combat, but results could be as bad as loss of teeth if not treated early. Gum problem in the early stage is known as Gingivitis, which occurs due to the formation of plaque, a sticky layer of bacteria around the teeth. Just by adhering to a daily routine of brushing, flossing and tongue cleaning can help reduce disease symptoms. Any signs of Gingivitis like swollen-red gums or bleeding should not be taken lightly. They should rather be ‘a wake-up call’ to take preventive measures for damage reversal. If untreated, the condition advances to Periodontitis, a serious form of inflammation which makes the gum line recede, exposing the roots of the teeth to bacterial attack. The outcome is loss of bone and gum supporting the teeth. Many people do not know that gum disease not only can lead to loss of teeth, but can also be the cause of many serious health issues too. To read more on impact of gum decease on your overall systemic health click here. Gum decease can be roughly divided into two basic categories: Reversible and Irreversible. The protocol of properly treating your specific periodontal condition varies and greatly depends on factors like types of microorganisms present in your periodontal pockets, bone loss, presence of inflammation, your age, presence of systemic deceases, your habits, home care and more. When making your decision on treatment, diagnostics are the key. After learning about your individual oral and systemic health our dentists will make recommendations on how to effectively treat your disease status. Periodontal diseases, commonly known as gum problems, can be a call to many health disorders like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and oral cancer, among others. So any sign of gum trouble should not be ignored as it not only results in loss of tooth but can expose you to innumerable health ailments too. a. Cardiovascular diseases: Research has shown that periodontal disease may increase the risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Both periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease are chronic inflammatory diseases, so researchers believe that inflammation may account for the association between the two. b. Diabetes: Diabetes and gum diseases are totally interlinked, studies show. In fact many a times it is the swollen gums that take the patient to a dentist and ultimately it turns out to be a case of undiagnosed diabetes. c. Dementia: The disease which hampers a person’s cognitive ability, the ability to think and causes memory loss, is also found to be linked with gum diseases. A study from University of Central Lancashire School of Medicine and Dentistry points to fact that these two conditions may be interlinked. d. Rheumatoid arthritis: There are studies which suggest that people with rheumatoid arthritis are more prone to contracting gum diseases and vice versa. People with gum disease, it has been proven, are more at risk of rheumatoid arthritis than those who have healthy gums. e. Premature birth: Though there have been conflicting reports on the association between the two conditions, there are researches which say that women who have periodontal disease are more likely to have babies before term. A baby who is born before term is susceptible to a number of health ailments. f. Chronic Kidney Disease: Links have been found between these two diseases too. A study, conducted by Case Western Reserve University, suggests that those do not have natural teeth are at more risk of having Chronic Kidney Disease than those who had natural teeth. g. Oral Cancer: Too much smoking, alcohol and tobacco use lead to periodontal disease. In the worst cases of gum problems, oral cancer is the outcome. There had been so many instances which prove a link between gum diseases and oral cancer. Any sign of oral problem should not be ignored, rather steps be taken to take preventive steps. A bi-annual visit to dentist is all what is needed to keep oral health in good shape. Don’t forget, prevention is the key!

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https://atlanta-smiles.com/periodontal-therapy/

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Trams: Rebuilding what was lost Sydney had one of the world’s largest and most used urban public transport systems. Mathew Hounsell explores Sydney’s old tram system and looks at what inner city councils are interested in resurrecting. In 1945, the NSW Government operated the city’s urban transport network as 291 kilometres of surface light rail that served 405 million passengers a year, all while making a profit. The history of Sydney’s light rail is a fascinating one. Sydney’s first trams were horse drawn, and later cable cars were introduced along the North Sydney line. It was the flexibility and reliability of electric trams that allowed the tram system to take off and saw the first electric power plants built in Sydney, with spare capacity for businesses and homes. The network expanded a few kilometres at a time, like a growing tree, except in some circumstances where powerful politicians decided a tram would improve their local streets.Mathew Hounsell How does public transport stack up against motorways? Regardless of how it is financed, all infrastructure is paid for by NSW residents , through either fees or taxes. So we deserve to know whether the government is prioritising projects that give us the greatest bang for our buck, writes Mathew Hounsell. To move 24,000 people in an hour takes twenty double-deck trains, 100 light rail vehicles, 240 bendy-buses or a ten lane toll road. The NSW and Commonwealth governments plan to spend $1.26 billion to build a 14 kilometre motorway from the M7 to the proposed airport at Badgerys Creek . A six lane motorway could carry up to 7,200 persons an hour to the new employment centre of Western Sydney at a cost of $90 million per kilometre. Transurban, the remaining Sydney toll road operator, plans to build NorthConnex, a twin three lane, nine kilometre, motorway tunnel for $3 billion – $333 million a kilometre. The proposed WestConnex motorway is estimated to cost at least $15 billion . That 7,200 hourly capacity looks feeble when compared to rail. For example, the Moreton Bay Rail Link (Commonweath and Queensland governments) is costing $1.15 billion . It’s a 12.6 kilometre railway with six stations and twenty-two bridges, most over roads. With modern signalling one such two-track rail line can carry between 36,000 persons an hour, or 48,000 if you’re as ambitious and competent as the French.Mathew Hounsel

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Well, flour is pretty explosive... In that case, it would be small boxes or mini-barrels or something filled with loose flour, and the outside coated in something flammable. To use, they would be lit on fire, and tossed or rolled into place. The explosion would happen once the box broke open, and the flames ignite the flour, and the finely-ground, highly flammable contents caught fire. This might explode the remains of the box (which might end up as proto-shrapnel), and make a fiery little boom. Alternatively, an unlit box (or barrel, whatever) could be lobbed near or at a flame source, like near a candle or in hearth. This would break on impact, and when the puff of flour-dust reached the flame, it would ignite explosively in a dust explosion - again a lot of boom and pyrotechnics, but probably little in the way of structural damage. This wouldn't require lighting beforehand, might take lighter and untarred boxes (since it wouldn't have to withstand burning) and if carefully used might not clue pursuers in that an external flame is needed. (edit: I had the idea that a packed box might explode if it burned hot and strongly enough to burn through the box, and that explosion would be much greater and cause more damage since the flour was under pressure - the difference between dust explosions used for special effects and those blowing up buildings. This might not be the case, as Mark points out... or simply tarring and igniting the box might not be enough to burn through the box and get hot enough to set it off. My apologies). Little sacks of flour would not work well as they aren't packed or pressurized for the first scenario, and probably wouldn't puff dust freely enough for the second. Something of wood, maybe waxed or oiled to help promote burning, and coated in something robustly burnable, like tar. A really savvy customer might include some metal shards or other junk, since it's the shrapnel more than the fire that will cause injuries from little bombs. The hard part is going to be ignition... there aren't any ways I know of in medieval times to set off fire at a distance. The 'bombs' would have to be ignited along the principles of fire arrows, already lit and burning sturdily enough to survive being thrown. This might have been discovered by someone experimenting after seeing flour explosions in action (like a bakery fire... I think it was known at the time that flour and fire went boom), or trying for a bigger boom from flaming arrows (and using sawdust or the like as extra fuel). The pieces were in place and readily available, it would only take someone putting the pieces together to make something workable.

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https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45110/explosives-in-the-middle-ages

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Professor Ralph Dubayah of UMD’s Department of Geographical Sciences was honored with a 2019 Helmholtz International Fellowship Award. The award includes a prize of 20,000 euros and an invitation to work with other researchers at the German Aerospace Center or DLR, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt. “The Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers is among the premier scientific organizations in the world. I am therefore deeply honored to have been chosen as a Fellow,” Dubayah said. “I have worked closely with one such center, DLR, and have been tremendously impressed with the quality, passion and vision of their scientists. I am greatly looking forward to the increased collaboration this award will allow.” Dubayah is an internationally renowned researcher in the areas of ecosystem characterization for carbon modeling, habitat and biodiversity studies, land surface energy and water balance modeling, spatial analysis and remote sensing science. A common goal of his research is to develop and apply emerging technologies of spatial data acquisition and analysis to address environmental issues at policy-relevant scales. Professor Alberto Moreira, Director of the Microwaves and Radar Institute, expressed the congratulations of the DLR team members who spearheaded Dubayah’s nomination. “We are very glad and at the same time very honored with the outcome of the nomination process, which is indeed a most deserved recognition to a very esteemed scientist. Our Helmholtz Alliance ‘Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics’ has benefited from Professor Dubayah’s advice and dedication in an unparalleled way,” Moreira said. Dubayah has also worked with DLR on his Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI), a NASA mission aboard the International Space Station, for which DLR is a formal collaborator. Dubayah serves as the project’s Principal Investigator. GEDI launched successfully to the ISS in December via a SpaceX mission, and uses lidar to take 3D measurements of the Earth’s surface and is comprehensively mapping its forests. GEDI is in the early stages of providing insights into how much carbon is stored in our planet’s trees, and how much carbon dioxide they can absorb in the future. “Professor Dubayah has been playing a leadership role in international satellite coordination for a number of years and has recently established international research partnerships as PI of the NASA GEDI Mission,” said Professor Chris Justice, Chair of the Department of Geographical Sciences. “His current collaboration to study global vegetation structure by data fusion using U.S. and German remote sensing satellites is timely and innovative. We are gratified indeed to see the recognition of his sustained efforts through this award.” Dubayah said he is excited about the interest and engagement of his international colleagues, including scientists from DLR and from German universities with strong ties to Helmholtz. “Ultimately, the GEDI team and DLR are hoping to create a global ecosystem structure map based on the fusion of NASA GEDI data with data from the DLR TanDEM-X satellites. I plan to use this fellowship to help intensify this cooperation, to promote research among U.S. and German scientists, and to raise awareness of the important activities of the Helmholz Association internationally,” Dubayah said. The Helmholtz International Fellow Award was established in 2012 with the goal of strengthening cooperation with world-leading researchers. The recipients of the award are nominated by Helmholtz institutions and chosen by the Helmholtz Executive Committee. The current award winners were selected in May. In addition to Dubayah, three other scientists were selected: Dr. Warwick F. Vincent, Université Laval/Canada, nominated by the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research; Dr. Eleanor Barnes, University of Oxford/United Kingdom, nominated by the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; and Dr. Yuval Gefen, Weizmann Institute/Israel, nominated by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.

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https://bsos.umd.edu/featured-content/prestigious-helmholz

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Traditionally Resene RGB values were measured from dry painted colour samples using sophisticated electronic colour scanning equipment. These RGB values were then converted to LAB and CYMK. Resene is changing to using LAB values from our colour master samples as the base colour value. From these a RGB value can be mathematically calculated to achieve a given RGB value. That same LAB value can also be converted direct to CYMK and Hex values, reducing the number of conversions required to reach the desired colourspace. Colour accuracy is improved by starting with the largest colourspace then converting to the smaller colourspaces. There are still limitations in the range of colours that can be shown in the RGB colourspace so some colours do not convert as well because they are out of gamut of the RGB colourspace. These differences are not faults in the conversion or software, but purely limitations of mapping dissimilar colourspaces to each other. Because of these shifts in conversion, colours can be converted from LAB to RGB and CMYK, but when converted back they may result in different values due to the mapping process. Mixing paint colours is called subtractive colour, so the colour you see is the colour that the paint does not absorb. For example yellow paint appears yellow because it absorbs all colours except yellow. Mixing light colours (e.g. RGB values) is called additive colour. This means that the object gives out (emits) colour, so that even if it is dark you can still see the colour. A television uses additive colour because it emits colour. Even if the room is completely dark if you turn the television on you can still see the television program. Due to these different colour systems and the limitations of the RGB colour system, the RGB colour system portrays some paint colours better than others. Electronic colour is a superb tool for getting inspired and visualising the paint scheme prior to painting but must not be used as a substitute for the physical colours. In all cases Resene recommends that you view a physical sample of the colour, ideally by trialling with a Resene testpot where available, before making your final colour selection. This is the only way to ensure that the colour will be accurate. Don’t settle for anything less. Can't find what you're looking for? Ask us! We would love to hear from you if you wish to use Resene's images, information and ideas for social medial, blogs, newsletters and other media use. Please email firstname.lastname@example.org and let us know what you need, what it is for and how Resene will be acknowledged as the source of the content. We are happy to assist with most requests. Our vision is to be respected as a trusted, ethical and sustainable company and acknowledged as the leading provider of innovative paint and colour technology. View Resene’s profile, Quality Policy, Environmental Policy and Health & Safety Policy. Colours shown on this website are a representation only. Please refer to the actual paint or product sample. Resene colour charts, testpots and samples are available for ordering online. See measurements/conversions for more details on how electronic colour values are achieved.

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https://www.resene.co.nz/swatches/rgbcmyk.htm

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The Greek myth of Achilles purports that he was vulnerable only on the pad of one heel! And the phrase “Achilles’ Heel” leads some to think that the Achilles tendon is tiny and restricted to that spot. In fact, rather the opposite is true. It’s quite a long tendon that runs from the bone of your heel right up into your calf muscles… It’s like a long band that lets your foot extend and your toes point downwards. Unfortunately, the band simile is quite good because, much like a band, the Achilles tendon can rupture – sometimes audibly! It tends to happen during activity in which one jumps, pivots or runs in sudden bursts, such as a game of football, squash, tennis, etc. Other Achilles tendon injuries are caused by: - Tendinitis – a condition that causes the tendon to swell - Overuse of the tendon - A “too-much, too-soon” approach to increases in activity - Inadequate stretching before exercise - Increased stress on the tendon by wearing high heels - Foot problems such as fallen arches / overpronation - The muscles or tendons in the leg being too tight - Sudden bursts of activity, such as starting to sprint Fortunately, many Achilles tendon injuries heal fairly quickly on their own. Nevertheless, here are a few tips on preventing and treating it! How do you prevent Achilles tendon injuries? There are numerous pearls of wisdom to impart on this subject… Much of it seems like common sense – but you do have to remember that, from time to time in biomechanics, you can just have a bit of bad luck! Bad luck aside, it might be that you are naturally somewhat more likely to suffer from an Achilles tendon injury! You’re more at risk, for example, if the arches of your feet are too high or too low, or if the length of each of your legs is significantly different. Arguably the most important tip for avoiding almost all of the really common sporting injuries amounts to the same thing: you must warm up properly! In heating the muscles a little, you’re readying them for what amounts to considerable strain… When you’re driving, you can imagine what a wrench it would be to jump from first gear to fourth. You wouldn’t dream of doing it! Don’t make your body do the same thing… No matter how gentle the exercise, you’ll be safer if you stretch first. Walkers, joggers, runners, athletes, competitors… Whatever level of activity you’re undertaking, work up to it: walkers – take a slow, ten-minute walk before a faster one. Runners – stretch and jog before setting off… This applies to all sports! We could fill pages of advice on just picking the right footwear! Suffice to say that, when you buy shoes, it’s worth investing the time to get a scan of your feet to find out what kind of cushioning best suits you. Many specialist retailers now offer this kind of service –just steer clear of anything that one might describe as a “Sport’s Wear Warehouse”! If you recall our driving metaphor from earlier, it might be enough to point out that you wouldn’t drop from fourth gear to first, either! You need to reverse the process and do some gentler exercises when you’re finishing up, too. Stretch your Calves In particular relation to Achilles tendon injuries, stretching the calves is a must. Now, we’re aware that some people question the veracity of stretching in relation to exercise… But in our experience and opinion, stretching is essential. A quick, one-off visit to a physiotherapist soon gives you the confidence to work with a warm-up routine that suits you. It might be that it’s completely equipment free while, from time to time, we suggest using an exercise band. Drop in and see us about your Achilles tendon injuries at Sloane Square Clinic; we’d be delighted to help.

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https://www.sloane-square-clinic.co.uk/what-we-do/podiatry-chiropody/achilles-tendon-injuries/

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ORANGE COUNTY PREVENTIVE DENTAL CARE At Orange County Children’s Dentistry, we believe that educating families about oral health is the foundation for a lifetime of healthy smiles. For this reason, we want our relationship to start with your child by their first birthday, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Establishing an early relationship with you and your family will allow Dr. Ruiz to provide the proper education and guidance to aid in preventing cavities and set a solid foundation for a lifetime of healthy smiles. Our staff will educate your child on proper nutrition, brushing and flossing techniques, and when needed, may recommend preventative treatments such as fluoride and sealants. Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral. It aids in making the outer surface of your teeth, the enamel, stronger. Stronger enamel can decrease your chances of dental decay. Fluoride can be taken systemically or be placed topically. Fluoride is found in almost all water sources including lakes, rivers and oceans. For approximately 70 years, our community water has been fluoridated with the optimal amount of fluoride to prevent help prevent tooth decay. Additionally, it can be found in foods and beverages or be applied topically with toothpaste or during a dental office visit. If you brush your teeth with fluoridated toothpaste, it can help remineralize weakened areas and stop the progression of early signs of dental decay. It is one of the easiest ways to prevent against dental cavities. Brushing, flossing, and eating healthy are the best ways to maintain a healthy smile. However, sometimes it can be difficult for children to brush every nook and cranny, especially the uneven surfaces and pits of the back of the teeth, called the molars. For this reason, dental sealants are typically recommended to help prevent cavities on adult molars. Sealants are thin plastic coating that are applied with a small brush onto the uneven chewing surfaces of the teeth (where food and bacteria like to hide) to provide a barrier between the tooth and food. It is painless and has been effective in reducing the risk of dental decay by 80% in molars. When applied and taken care of properly, sealants can last for years. If your child likes to eat hard foods such ice or nuts, it can cause the sealant to chip off. Dr. Ruiz will check your sealants at each visit and inform you if any touch-ups should be made. Schedule Your Child’s Preventive Dental Care Today When it comes to keeping your little one’s smile happy and healthy, preventive care is an essential tool. Schedule your preventive dental care appointment at OC Children’s Dentistry today!

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https://www.occhildrensdentistry.com/preventive-care/

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With Canadian environmental regulators tightening their monitoring and control of fluids used offshore, Castrol's Jason Vallier and K+D Pratt's Andrew Bell review existing guidelines elsewhere and the implications for Canada's E&P sector. The Canadian government recently began asking offshore permit holders for OSPAR (Oslo & Paris Convention) information on the environmental specifications of thruster fluids. Meanwhile, the Canada-Newfoundland & Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board has introduced more regular rig inspections (once every three weeks), seeking to enforce existing rules more strictly. These audits will assess whether operators have selected products that minimise environmental impact. While not explicitly expressed in selection criteria, Canada's environmental guidelines recognise the principle of ‘substitution', whereby technically feasible substitutes should be found for potentially environmentally damaging chemicals in products. Canada's Offshore Chemical Selection Guidelines (OCSG) provide a framework for chemical selection which minimises the potential for environmental impacts from the discharge of chemicals used in offshore drilling and production operations in Canada. The guidelines are issued by the National Energy Board, the Canada- Newfoundland & Labrador Offshore Petroleum Board and the Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board. They apply to all chemicals intended to be discharged into the marine environment. Operators are required to select chemicals with the least environmental risk. The guidelines apply to a large range of lubricants and hydraulic fluids used in topside and subsea applications, including thrusters, subsea and surface production control systems, blowout preventers, subsea isolation valves, crane and drilling system hydraulics, mooring winch gears and jacking legs. The OCSG uses the UK Offshore Chemical Notification Scheme (OCNS) ratings for assessing whether a product is acceptable for use and discharge offshore. Products with an OCNS rating of C, D or E are acceptable. Products with an OCNS rating of A and B are only acceptable with a robust justification for use. OSPAR is the mechanism by which 15 governments of the western coasts and catchments of Europe, together with the European Union, cooperate to protect the marine environment of the Northeast Atlantic. It started in 1972 with the Oslo Convention against dumping. It was broadened to cover land-based sources and the offshore industry by the Paris Convention of 1974. These two conventions were unified, up-dated and extended by the 1992 OSPAR Convention. Torrey Canyon trigger The grounding of Torrey Canyon in 1967, and the subsequent release of 117,000t of oil, proved to be a pivotal point for international cooperation to combat marine pollution in the Northeast Atlantic. It ultimately stimulated the signature, in 1969, of the Agreement for Cooperation in Dealing with Pollution of the North Sea by Oil (the ‘Bonn Agreement'). Next came the agreement and signature of the Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping from Ships & Aircraft (the ‘Oslo Convention'). On 16 July 1971, the Dutch ship Stella Maris, having sailed from Rotterdam to dump chlorinated waste in the North Sea, was obliged to return to port without carrying out her mission. Just eight months later, the Oslo Convention was signed, and it entered into force in 1974. In 1978 a similar document came into force covering marine pollution by discharges of dangerous substances from land-based sources, watercourses or pipelines (the ‘Paris Convention'). In the UK, there are two stages to the environmental classification of products for use offshore. A product must first be assessed according to the OSPAR Harmonised Pre- Screening Scheme and then by the UK OCNS: l the OSPAR Harmonised Pre-Screening Scheme determines whether the product contains any substitutable components which must then be replaced by more environmentally responsible alternatives. Substitution warnings are applied to the whole product; l OCNS is a hazard assessment system that assigns for a product either a colour banding, using the CHARM model (Chemical Hazard Assessment & Risk Management), or an OCNS group (for products that cannot be assessed using the CHARM model, eg subsea hydraulic control fluids). Subsea hydraulic control fluids are therefore assigned an OCNS group from A to E, A being the greatest environmental hazard and E being the least. Both stages use the OSPAR required data sets of biodegradation, bioaccumulation and toxicity of each component used in the product to assess its environmental impact. The OSPAR guidelines use three primary criteria collectively to determine the level of impact: Operators are thus expected to select products using the OCSG guidelines to ensure that they have minimal marine environmental impact. OE Jason Vallier is Castrol Offshore's North American distribution manager, based in the Greater Atlanta area. He has been with Castrol and previously Air BP for 15 years and before that spent seven years with the US Coast Guard as a machinery technician. Andrew Bell is president of K&D Pratt, an Atlantic Canada industrial supply company that serves as Castrol Offshore's Canadian distributor.

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In 1646, scholar and polymath Athanasius Kircher took a break from inventing new projection devices and studying the blood of plague victims to try and hypnotize a chicken. Kircher held a hen down on the ground, taking care to press firmly on her head. He waited for her to become still, and then drew a chalk line on the ground, extending from her beak off into the distance. When he backed away, he reported, she lay there, paralyzed—“as if, despairing of escape through the fruitlessness of her motions, she gave herself up to the will of her conquerer.” Kircher figured she thought the line was a string, and was acting as though she had been bound. Now, thanks to our slightly improved understanding of chicken psychology, it’s clear that Kircher’s hen wasn’t roleplaying Fifty Shades of Grey— she was just super freaked out. This paralysis, which researchers now call “tonic immobility,” is a fear response, probably meant to help chickens and other animals “play dead” in the presence of threats. (The chalk line isn’t strictly necessary.) As the psychologist G.G. Gallup Jr. explained in a series of papers from the 1970s, chickens freeze for longer when exposed to loud noises, stuffed hawks, or other scary stimuli. When it comes to over-the-top panic behavior, humans definitely win. But when faced with the many dangers of wild life, animal brains do strange stuff, too. Here are some of the weirdest fear responses in the natural world. 1. Stackable Toads All different kinds of animals, from crayfish to rabbits, exhibit tonic immobility. Different physical orientations inspire the state—toads, for example, will conk out pretty easily when turned upside down. In the video above, a patient Australian man demonstrates a “simple three-toad stack that anybody can do at home,” carried out in his garage with a few unlucky cane toads. As soon as he flips them over, they go limp and cross their arms, as though preparing for their little toad coffins. Fun! 2. Freezing Goats Goats are among the most exciteable of Earth’s creatures—one expert has attested that “it does not take much for them to scream bloody murder,” and the Greek god Pan, namesake of panic itself, was half-goat. To top it off, certain of them straight-up fall down when they get scared. These particular goats have a condition called myotonia congenita, which means it takes their muscles a while to relax after seizing up. Because fear involves rapid muscle clenching, they get frozen in position and keel over. Take a moment to study it further, in the video above. 3. “Dead” Opposums When an opossum gets scared, it, too, keels over. But the possum fear response involves a little extra panache—it also gapes its mouth, drools excessively, and begins leaking smelly green fluid out of its butt. This is likely meant to make predators think it’s extra-dead, from some kind of foul disease. Next time you metaphorically “play possum” to get out of a tough situation, consider ramping it up a bit for accuracy. 4. Mutating Aphids Fish, ants, and other animals that hang out in groups often warn each other about scary things by emitting “alarm pheremones”—smelly chemicals that mean “run!” The pea aphid, though, takes things one step further. When it gets a whiff of alarm pheremone, it not only takes off as fast as possible—if it survives, its offspring are more likely to be born with wings, enabling multigenerational escape. (The guy above didn’t make it.) 5. Chicken Chickens Let’s finish this off with the classic choice. Kircher was far from the only person to make a hobby out of chicken fear—by the 19th century, The American Naturalist was calling chicken-hypnotizing “an experiment sufficiently familiar to all of us“—but despite its oversaturation, the pasttime has found popularity in every century. Hemingway shared his technique in The Dangerous Summer, and Iggy Pop sings about it in “Lust For Life,” just before insisting that he’s had it in the ear before. Comparatively, the people in the video above are just simple chicken-freezing folks. At least they wake their hen up again at the end.

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Australia, its history and location. Australia, legally referred to as the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country that is one of the property of Oceania. It is the primary continental mass that occupies the Sahul platform and is between the Indian, Antarctic and Pacific Glaciers oceans; it is divided from Asia by the oceans of Timor And Arafura. It is bordered by the countries Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north, Vanuatu, the French depedency of New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands the northeast, and also New Zealand To The Southeast Region. How does historic past of Australia start? Historic past of Australia goes back to when men came on its land the first time. Australian aborigines came with vessel from the southeast of the Eurasian continent approximately 60,000 years ago, however, the date is in discussion considering that Australian history is thought to be several years more extensive because there are no writings of human being activities prior to contact with Europeans. And, likewise, about 1,000,000 aborigines already lived in the place when they colonized it. It is known that Australia was discovered in the Sixteenth century by Spanish and Portuguese sailors, but they held the information secret for ideal causes. After that, Dutch explorers done the very first sighting a hundred years later. Nevertheless, they considered it an uninhabitable stretch of land that wasn’t well suited for colonization and also left free passage to later British explorations. Captain James Cook. Although there was other European incursions before, what is considered the most complete exploration of Australia was done in the 18th century with the English captain James Cook, who landed in 1770, acquired the area for the British crown and also got ownership of the Southeast of the tropical island in the identity of the king of England. Cook’s breakthroughs and the acceptance of his reports by English authorities, granted the first European settlement on the place, therefore it is typical to hear that Cook is the great discoverer the the southern area of land, even though the true discovery took place more than 160 years before his journey. England was particularly intrigued by Australia for the reason that saw it as a possible answer to the problem of overpopulation that they suffered during that time because of the loss of the 13 American colonies and it was considered to move a part of its people there. For that reason, on March 13, 1787, 11 1st Fleet ships left Portsmouth, England, towards Botany Bay, Australia ( *More on: https://getyoureta.info/). By doing so, settlers came and populated the region whilst displacing aborigines because of the confiscation of the lands and illnesses. It has become a Federation. As soon as the twentieth century arrived, Australia didn’t exist as a country: it consisted of a conglomerate of colonies or autonomous states. However in 1901, the Six various states agreed in a referendum to turn into a federation and they picked the common flag that nowadays is still the flag of Australia. After the development of Australia as a country, it had been intended to impose a regulation on immigration control. Nevertheless, when World War II ended, numerous migrants from different places found its way to the country and, at present, it has become the home of people from various regions of the earth. More on: https://getyoureta.info/

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Thanks to Kaela for suggesting our Baby Name of the Day. A sonnet is a type of poem, a form with specific rules. There are three major types, and then a bunch that break the rules but still count. The average person might not be able to recite much after Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?, but would likely recognize Sonnet as a literary reference akin to Poem, Poet, or Fable. The word itself comes from the Italian sonetto – little song, ultimately from the Latin sonus – sound. The term first appears in English in the sixteenth century, but sonnets had been written in Italian since the 1200s. BUT IS IT A NAME? The short answer: not really. Except we do find some examples in the past. The late sixteenth/early seventeenth century French poet Thomas Sonnet de Courval came from a minor noble family. It’s heard as a surname in the US, too. In those cases, it might come from the Saxon name Sinod, though it more often became Sinnott. Still, it explains de Courval and others. The Saxon name comes from sige – victory – and nod – brave, elements that endure in names like Siegfried and Leonard. One last possible origin: the -et often signals a diminutive form. (Annette is little Anne.) Sonnerie is the French word for ring, as in the ringing of the bells, also from Latin. That makes it another cousin to Sonnet. In any case, it’s virtually unused as a given name until the early 1970s. The name was first given to five girls in 1972, and 14 the following year. What explains the debut? Avon released a fragrance called Sonnet in 1972. We know that perfume names are influential. Avon launched Pavielle, Toccara, and Charisma, to name just a few. So that’s one possibility. A second (small) spike in the name’s use came in 1997. That’s a year after actor Forest Whitaker and wife Keisha Nash welcomed daughter Sonnet Noel. In 2014, 17 girls received the name – a new high. As of 2018, that number dipped to nine. Despite limited use as a given name, this is the age of River and Harmony, Autumn and Cadence. It’s easy to imagine parents short-listing Sonnet, too. - It shares the ‘t’ ending of Top 100 picks Charlotte, Violet, and Scarlett. - Like fast favorites Serenity and Willow, it’s a modern word name. - It’s both unlikely to be nicknamed and easily shortened to Sonny/Sunny. (Or maybe … Nettie?) - While it’s a word name that we all recognize, it’s seldom heard in regular conversation. That’s a formula for an appealing choice. Of course, just like Lyric – currently ranked in the US Top 1000 for boys and girls – and Story, there’s no reason this name couldn’t belong to the boys, too. For now, it remains a rare choice, creative and intriguing. But it very much sounds like a name today, and could wear well on a child. First published on January 19, 2012, this post was revised substantially and re-published on January 8, 2020.

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Video: After the fall, here’s what happened to the Quad’s huge ‘hobbit’ maple “The hobbit-ness of it — so gorgeous,” said Professor Emerita of Biology Sharon Kinsman as she watched a local tree service remove a huge, old sugar maple that had toppled over the previous evening, July 28, during a thundershower. The tree, about 20 feet of which was left standing, was famously gnarled and craggy, with a crack up its side “that you could put your hand all the way into,” said Kinsman, explaining its hobbit quality. It stood tall about 40 paces from the Quad-side door of Carnegie Science Hall and was about a century old, give or take 20 years, judging from a ring count, though counting was hard due to the aforementioned cragginess. Call the kids and your inner kid: Log loader, chipper, and chain saws in action, plus a final “TIMBER!” “That tree had a life…and it supported a lot of life,” Kinsman said. One responder to a photo on Instagram called the tree an “owl condo.” And when workers toppled the final 20-foot section, not hobbits but bumblebees emerged from its craggy interior. The bees were “Bombus impatiens, the common Eastern bumblebee, the kind we have in my lab,” says Assistant Professor of Biology Carla Essenberg, who studies the mutually beneficial relationship between plants and bee pollinators. So in this relationship, the bees have probably lost a good friend. Any number of fungi can rot and weaken a tree, explains Assistant Professor of Biology Brett Huggett, whose research looks at how trees respond to stress. The Bates hobbit tree, he says, was likely infected with the northern tooth fungus. “Its days were numbered.” Another sign of fungus was the large burls on its trunk, “very sought-after by bowl turners because they have beautiful wood grain,” says Huggett, who recalls cases of burl-stealing in Jamaica Plain, Mass., a few years ago. While a wood chipper chewed up the smaller branches (and even some of the larger ones — wow!) right there on the Quad, the huge trunk and branches went away with Whitney Tree Service of New Gloucester. Some trees that Whitney Tree takes away can be used for lumber, explains company owner David MacDonald, but the poor quality of the fungus-infected tree meant that it will likely be broken up into a biomass product that can be used for erosion control, among other purposes. Now there’s a big hole in the tree canopy over the Historic Quad, and if the Quad were the deep woods, one tree falling would open the door for new growth. “A fallen tree allows seedlings that couldn’t grow in dense shade to get a foothold and possibly rise up. Or smaller, suppressed trees might have rapid growth when exposed to light and rise up to fill the spot.” The Quad canopy, however, is a human creation, dating to when founder Oren Cheney and others would plant saplings on the open field that was the early Quad. And the Quad’s tree succession remains in human hands, mostly those of Bill Bergevin, the college’s landscape architect, who chooses a tree for the annual ceremony, right after Convocation, to honor faculty and staff who died the prior year. Tree succession is about the cycle of life, as is the post-Convocation memorial, which partly explains why Bergevin said what he said as he watched the Whitney guys do their thing. “I know where the memorial tree will go this year.”

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Alien marine organisms introduced by ships in the Mediterranean and Black seas Istanbul (Turkey), 6-9 November 2002, 136 p. (268 ref.) This illustrated volume tackles an issue widely recognized as one of the major threats to the world oceans, as demonstrated by recent ship invaders in the Black Sea. In our region of the world, the impact of shipping on marine biodiversity is expected to become even more acute, with a projected growth of maritime traffic by about 400% in the next 20 years ... This monograph offers a unique compilation of data and analyses, as well as a telling glimpse at the dense pattern of shipping vectors and movements crossing the Region. An original synthesis, drawn from a broad range of marine disciplines (biology, shipping and management), reviews the major gaps in knowledge, offering practical recommendations for action and research. This document should prove of interest to the research community of marine scientists at large. This volume, fully illustrated and rich in references, is available in print from our on-line bookstore. You may also download the Executive Summary if based in a CIESM Member State. This book is protected by international copyright law. I - Executive summary 2. Shipping routes and vectors 3. Ecology of invasions 4. Prospective trends 5. Conclusions and recommended actions II - Workshop communications Routes of invasions - Analysis of shipping patterns in the Mediterranean and Black seas. - Black Sea - Baltic Sea invasion corridors. Ecology of invasions - Ship-transported virio- and bacterio- plankton. - Phytoplankton introductions in European coastal waters: why are so few invasions T. Wyatt and J.T. Carlton - Plankton stowaways in the Black Sea – Impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem health. S.P. Moncheva and L.T. Kamburska - Assessing scale and impact of ship-transported alien macrophytes in the C.F. Boudouresque and M. Verlaque - Assessing scale and impact of ship-transported alien fauna in the Mediterranean? - Susceptibility to invasion: assessing scale and impact of alien biota in the - The Ponto-Caspian region: predicting the identity of potential invaders. - Assessing extent and impact of ship-transported alien species in the Black Sea. - Propagule supply as a driver of biological invasions. - Ship-driven biological invasions in the Mediterranean Sea. Risk assessment and management - Options for managing ballast water to reduce marine species’ transfer. - Shipping: global changes and management of bioinvasions. - Harmful aquatic organisms in ships’ ballast water – Ballast water risk assessment S. Raaymakers and R. Hilliard

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Whether in the Bavarian foothills of the Alps, Franconian Switzerland or the black forest: Who is on foot on the way, has at best always a small backpack pharmacy. The most common ailments while Hiking? “In addition, blisters on the feet count,” says pharmacist Dr. Volker Schmitt. To painful blisters on the feet to prevent is medical tape from the pharmacy, colloquially Tape called. The rolling patches are typically used to fasten wound compresses on the skin. The feet are taped as a precaution, therefore, decreases the risk for painful blisters. In addition, it is advisable to always have blister plasters with you. Pharmacist Schmitt also recommends: "To be for falls and slips prepared, belong to the Association of layers of materials such as plasters, sterile wound dressings and gauze, as well as a wound disinfection agent in the backpack." A freeze spray and pain-relieving ointments assist with bruises, sprains and strained Ligaments good services. "For longer trips I would advise, in any case, a triangle cloth, an emergency blanket, and disposable-take gloves. In addition, a multi-function pocket knife with scissors and tweezers also belongs to the Grundausstattung", the pharmacist says. Sun, insects and ticks As with all Outdoor activities, a sufficient sun protection is also when Hiking is important. "The higher the route leads into the mountains, the more intense the UV radiation from the sun. Here, sun cream or gel with a high Lichtschutzfaktor" helps;, Schmitt explains. From insect bites or tick bites to protect yourself best with dense clothes. "I advise you to before each hike with insect repellents, so-called repellents, to RUB the stockings to pull on the pants." To be able to tick in the case of the case to remove, takes you to hike the tick pliers. Ticks are not only in the summer, but frequently in the late autumn. The milder the temperatures, the higher the probability to encounter a tick. Do not drink to forget Longer walks bring the body to sweat. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to a sufficient liquid supply to the body with the minerals and trace admit the elements back that he loses while sweating. "The Mineral balance during prolonged physical activity to balance, I advise to drinks that contain a lot of potassium, Calcium and Magnesium." Healthy thirst-quenching mineral water, juice spritzers, energy Drinks, and lightly sweetened iced tea. An Overview of all the messages you get on aponet.de current.

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Greece is a another victim of capitalism Capitalism exploits the weak and vulnerable – and that’s true for states as it is for people The European Union was conceived after WW2 as Europe was ravaged from war. The European continent has a long history of wars as various rulers and empires attempted to conquer the continent. To ensure this never happened again and to contain Germany, perpetuator of two wars in the 20th century, a unified Europe was attempted. The union grew from a handful of member states to the current 27 members and has undergone many treaties to amalgamate Europe. Many aspects of European life were amalgamated through constituent states giving up sovereignty to the union. Seventeen members of the EU went the furthest and relinquished their national currencies in place of the single European currency, the Euro, in 1999. Whilst it took half a century to unify Europe this all appears to be falling apart now with the European sovereign debt crisis exposing the political shortcomings. The heart of this crisis is not really debt or the model of unity but capitalism. Ultimately economically stronger and politically more powerful economies will dominate the Union parasitically exploiting the weaker members. During a crisis however a chain is only as strong as its weakest link. France and Germany realise this and if they are not able to dominate Greece controlling all her national interests they will abandon her rather like a wounded animal than allow the weakest state to weaken the Euro, the Union or its most powerful states. The Islamic Model Islam has a very specific method of binding different peoples and nations. Islam has a number of rules which outline clearly the method of enlargement, integration annexation and unification. Primarily this is through establishing the Khilafah which is one state for all the citizens under its authority. Islam considers every single region as an indivisible part of the State and its citizens enjoy the same rights as those in the central region. It also makes the ruling, its system of governance and its legislation the same for all citizens. This gives it strength, makes the nation move in one direction – which leads to progress. Muhammed (saw) established Islam in Madina and he ruled over a people where the Ummah was a minority. Treaties were signed with the surrounding Jewish tribes and the rights between the Muslims and non-Muslims were clearly defined in the Ash-Shifah document, which was in effect a constitution. When Muhammed (saw) passed away the whole Arabian Peninsula was under Islamic authority and the Sahabah then expanded the Islamic lands to North Africa, the Sub-continent and Central Asia. By ensuring no region had separate legislative, political and economic rules, this created a sense of unity and resulted in the conquered to fully embrace Islam, make it their own and then carry the call to the surrounding lands. Muhammed bin Qasim embraced Islam when under Umar (ra) Iraq came under Islam, Muhammed bin Qasim then carried this call to the subcontinent. In a similar manner it was under Mu’awiyah that the Berbers of Egypt embraced Islam, the Berber turned Muslim Tariq bin Ziyad then took Islam to Spain. The capital of the Islamic State moved as the state expanded from the Middle East to North Africa to Europe and new peoples and regions were moulded with the Islamic ideology while allowing for regional traditions. This exemplifies that the Islamic state did not pillage or exploit the newly conquered lands but expanded by spreading and broadening the political and economic authority of the state within these new lands. To this day people in these lands remain Muslims even though the Islamic state has long since disappeared – proof if more was needed about the strength of the Islamic ideology in brining unity.

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Pet turtles: How hard can they be? Keeping a pet turtle must be so easy. You put water into a glass tank, add a turtle, then presto —you have everything taken care of! This couldn’t be further from the truth. Turtles are, in my opinion, one of the most difficult animals to keep, but what makes them so difficult? Aquatic turtles (there are other types of turtles, including terrapins, tortoises and sea turtles) require lots of water —10 gallons of space per 1 inch of shell. The size of the tank is very important because they need space to grow. It is true that if you keep them in a smaller tank, they won’t grow, but this doesn’t mean that this is healthy for them. The turtle’s shell will not grow as much as it should, but the spine will continue to grow, causing them to have a very oddly shaped back. Sometimes the tops of their shells will continue to grow, causing what is called pyramiding. Pyramiding is bad because it can cause problems with the turtle’s lungs, problems for females if they are going to lay eggs at some point in their life, and it can cause them to develop arthritis, which will give the turtle pain when it moves around. On top of that they need heat, UVB lighting and filters. Turtles also require a varied diet that consists of fish, insects and pellet food. They occasionally eat plant matter, fruit and vegetables (not necessary). The lighting is very important to help with their growth. UVB gives off vitamin D3 that helps reptiles absorb calcium, which is important to help with their growth and to help prevent the terrible MBD (metabolic bone disease). MBD is a disease that will cause the bones and shell of the turtle to weaken, which is obviously not something you want. Another thing that is important in the life of a turtle is a clean tank. This sounds easy but unfortunately turtles are extremely messy animals. This is not because they try to be messy but a result of them living where they do their business. Knowing they are messy means that their tanks require frequent cleaning as well as a strong filter. I recommend doubling up on the amount of filtration for their tanks: for example, if they are in a 75-gallon tank, use two filters that are rated for a 75-gallon tank. Turtles might be more work than what people think but they are very rewarding pets. Watching them swim, chase food or follow you as you walk by the tank makes it all worth it! The Associated Press

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When Benjamin Martin’s Micrographia Nova appeared in 1742, he was still an itinerant lecturer, and the book was published in Reading. The early 1740s saw rising interest in microscopes and their use as a means of enhancing optical perception and there was an accompanying flurry of publications explaining their uses to readers and, importantly, trying to drum up sales. This was certainly the purpose of Martin’s treatise. Martin’s book contained two large plates illustrating the two types of microscope he had designed with detailed comments on their parts and usage. This portion of the book reads like an instruction manual. Oddly, the plates were engraved by Emanuel Bowen, much better known as a mapmaker. Martin then has a section of exaggerated computation to impress upon the reader the ‘extreme minuteness of visible Animalculae’ that can be observed with the microscope. The rest of the treatise, some 40 pages or so, is devoted to a catalogue of objects worth looking at under a microscope. The catalog is impressive in its span and its testimony to Martin’s experience with the microscope if, indeed, he had observed all the items he lists, but it is short on significance. He opens with “Human hair; its bulbous Root; its long small Cylindric Form; the Substance, if black, opake; otherwise, transparent” and proceeds through parts of bodies, both human and animal with separate chapters for birds, fish, insects, and reptiles and serpents before tuning to plants and miscellaneous objects. Martin’s descriptions can be quite vivid and colourful. Here he is on mould: If that which we call the Vinew or Mould of any Subject be view’d, it will discover a most beautiful Scene of Vegetation of a peculiar kind; there you will discover Fields of standing Corn, i.e. Stamina, with globular Apices; and various other Plants sui Generis; and you will not rarely find those Fields and Meadows stocked with a Sort of nimble small Cattle and Herds, which skip sportively over the Lawns. You will also see their various Pursuits, Contests, and horrid Attacks and Engagements; with divers other diverting Incidents among the Inhabitants of this Terra invisa, or invisible Land. If that isn’t enough to get you excited, Martin would have you look at snails: Their Shells are many of them beautifully embellish’d and variegated with Colours, and curiously wrought. The Eyes of Snails are a remarkable Oddity, they are seated on the tops of their large Horns, by which means they can be drawn into the Head or thrust out at Pleasure. Their Teeth are another Microscopic Object, and it is very pretty to see ’em feed on Leaves, &c with this Instrument. This Animal is Hermaphrodite, and the parts of Generation are in the Neck, which in Coitu are easily examined by the Microscope. The Eggs of Snails are round and white, and, when hatch’d, the young tender Brood make a very pretty Scene in the Microscopic Theatre. It is clear from the many descriptions he gives, that his aim is to encourage amateurs to explore the natural world, to revel in its complexity and to marvel at the previously hidden delights opened up by the new instrument. He does not view the microscope as a research tool. In this he is just reflecting what he does in his lectures – to instruct and delight the wealthier classes. As he says in his Preface, “I have oftentimes been requested by Gentlemen to give a Catalogue of Microscopic Objects, which I have here done, and I presume so compleat, that scarce any extraordinary Phaenomenon, which requires the Use of this Instrument, and within the Reach of a Person in private Life, will be found wanting in it”. The engraving of the microscope carries the note: “These Microscopes are Sold by J. Newbery Bookseller in Reading Berks”, emphasizing the commercial nature of the enterprise. Of all the objects to be viewed under the microscope, Martin reserves his most fulsome praise for: THE SEMEN; the infinitely small and numerous Animalculae in all Male Sperm are the most astonishing Spectacle, and as yet the highest Attainment of the Microscope; you cannot fail of seeing Millions of these in the smallest Quantity of the human Semen, if laid under the Microscope while warm, and view’s with the greatest Magnifier, and most strongly illuminated, by the Sun’s Light refracted and reflected upon it. You can get your copy here.

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