LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Outbreak of ciguatera fish poisoning on a cargo ship in the port of hamburg.

BACKGROUND
Ciguatera fish poisoning is a travel-related illness characterized by a combination of gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms in persons who eat ciguatoxic seafood in endemic areas.


METHODS
In 2009, an outbreak of the disease on a refrigerator vessel in the port of Hamburg was investigated. The ship's crew fell ill after they ate fish from a catch in the Caribbean 2 weeks earlier. All 15 sailors on board were examined by port medical officers. Samples of blood and stool specimens were taken from symptomatic sailors. The frozen fish was secured for the prevention of further disease spreading and additional diagnostic tests.


RESULTS
All but one sailor ate the fish. The intoxication resulted in gastrointestinal or neurological symptoms in all 14 sailors who consumed the fish and persisted in varying degrees in 93% of sailors over at least 14 days. No fatality occurred, but two seamen were "unfit for duty" on the ship due to severity of symptoms. The diagnosis was supported by the fact that all seafarers who consumed the same reef fish, experienced typical signs, symptoms, and time course consistent with ciguatera fish poisoning. The fish from the catch in the Caribbean was identified as Caranx sexfasciatus (Bigeye Trevally) and Cephalopholis miniata (Red Grouper). An experimental assay later confirmed presence of the ciguatoxin in the fish.


CONCLUSIONS
Sailors are an occupational group at risk for ciguatera fish poisoning due to potentially unsafe food sources during international travel. Even if no fatality occurred, the disease affected marine operations due to high attack rates and chronicity of symptoms. Medical doctors must be aware that ciguatera fish poisoning is a risk for seafarers traveling in tropical and subtropical areas. Stocking of food in affected ports from safe sources, adequate training of ship cooks, and informing sailors about the risk of fishing are needed to prevent disease occurrence in seafarers in international trade and traffic.
Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction with Mobilization of Bearing Capacity: Experimental Study on Sand

Recent studies have highlighted the beneficial role of foundation uplifting and the potential effectiveness of guiding the plastic hinge into the foundation soil by allowing full mobilization of bearing capacity during strong seismic shaking. With the inertia loading transmitted onto the superstructure being limited by the capacity of the foundation, this concept may provide an alternative method of in-ground seismic isolation: the so-called rocking isolation. Attempting to unravel the effectiveness of this alternative design method, this paper experimentally investigates the nonlinear response of a surface foundation on sand and its effect on the seismic performance of an idealized slender singledegree-of-freedom structure. Using a bridge pier as an illustrative prototype, three foundation design alternatives are considered, representing three levels of design conservatism. Their performance is investigated through static (monotonic and slow-cyclic pushover) loading, and reduced-scale shaking table testing. Rocking isolation may provide a valid alternative for the seismic protection of structures, providing encouraging evidence in favor of the innovative idea of moving foundation design toward a less conservative, even unconventional, treatment. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000705. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Shallow foundations; Soil-structure interactions; Load bearing capacity; Sand (soil type); Nonlinear response; Bridges; Piers; Shake table tests; Experimentation; Seismic effects. Author keywords: Shallow foundation; Nonlinear behavior; Bridge pier; Shaking table testing; Experiment; Seismic response; Slow-cyclic
Pulmonary perfusion with oxygenated blood or custodiol HTK solution during cardiac surgery for postoperative pulmonary function in COPD patients: a trial protocol for the randomized, clinical, parallel group, assessor and data analyst blinded Pulmonary Protection Trial

BACKGROUND
Five to thirty percent of patients undergoing cardiac surgery present with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and have a 2- to 10-fold higher 30-day mortality risk. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) creates a whole body systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that could impair pulmonary function. Impaired pulmonary function can, however, be attenuated by pulmonary perfusion with oxygenated blood or custodiol HTK (histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate) solution.


METHODS/DESIGN
The Pulmonary Protection Trial (PP-Trial) randomizes 90 patients undergoing CPB-dependent cardiac surgery to evaluate whether pulmonary perfusion with oxygenated blood or custodiol HTK solution reduces postoperative pulmonary dysfunction in COPD patients. Further, we aim for a non-randomized evaluation of postoperative pulmonary function after transcatheter aortic-valve implantation (TAVI). The primary outcome measure is the oxygenation index measured from anesthesia induction to the end of surgery and until 24 hours after anesthesia induction for a total of six evaluations.


DISCUSSION
Patients with COPD may be impaired by hypoxemia and SIRS. Thus, prolonged recovery and even postoperative complications and death may be reflected by the degree of hypoxemia and SIRS. The limited sample size does not aim for confirmatory conclusions on mortality, cardiovascular complications or risk of pneumonia and sepsis, but the PP-Trial is considered an important feasibility trial paving the road for a multicenter confirmatory trial.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01614951.
The power of primitive positive definitions with polynomially many variables

Two well-studied closure operators for relations are based on existentially quantified conjunctive formulas, primitive positive (p.p.) definitions, and primitive positive formulas without existenti ...
The Impact of No Child Left Behind on Students, Teachers, and Schools

The controversial No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) brought test-based school accountability to scale across the United States. This study draws together results from multiple data sources to identify how the new accountability systems developed in response to NCLB have influenced student achievement, school-district finances, and measures of school and teacher practices. Our results indicate that NCLB brought about targeted gains in the mathematics achievement of younger students, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. However, we find no evidence that NCLB improved student achievement in reading. School-district expenditure increased significantly in response to NCLB, and these increases were not matched by federal revenue. Our results suggest that NCLB led to increases in teacher compensation and the share of teachers with graduate degrees. We find evidence that NCLB shifted the allocation of instructional time toward math and reading, the subjects targeted by the new accountability systems. T No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 is arguably the most farreaching education policy initiative in the United States over the last four decades. The hallmark features of this legislation compelled states to conduct annual student assessments linked to state standards, to identify schools that are failing to make “adequate yearly progress” (AYP), and to institute sanctions and rewards based on each school’s AYP status. A fundamental motivation for this reform is the notion that publicizing detailed information on school-specific test performance and linking that performance to the possibility of meaningful sanctions can improve the focus and productivity of public schools. 12367-03a_Dee_rev.qxd 2/17/11 10:06 AM Page 149
Why are more redistributive social security systems smaller? A median voter approach

We suggest a political economy explanation for the stylized fact that intragenerationally more redistributive social security systems are smaller. Our key insight is that linking benefits to past earnings (less redistributiveness) reduces the efficiency cost of social security (due to endogenous labor supply). This encourages voters who benefit from social security to support higher contribution rates in political equilibrium. We test our theory with a numerical analysis of eight European countries. Our simple, but suggestive median voter model performs relatively well in explaining the stylized fact and cross-country differences in social security contribution rates. JEL Code: H55, D72.
Bidirectional Dynamics of Materialism and Loneliness : Not Just a Vicious Cycle

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. .
Exploration of the relevance of anxiety sensitivity among adults living with HIV/AIDS for understanding anxiety vulnerability.

This investigation explored facets of anxiety sensitivity (AS-social, physical and mental concerns) in regard to somatization, anxiety and depression symptoms among people with HIV/AIDS. Significant relations were found for AS-physical concerns and somatization symptoms (beta = .52, p = .007) and AS-mental concerns and anxiety symptoms (beta = .29, p < .05), controlling for negative affectivity, gender and shared variance with other AS subscales. Together, AS subscales were significantly related to depression symptoms (DeltaR(2) = .11; p = .006), but no one subscale was independently related. Findings are discussed in terms of examining AS in better understanding the HIV/AIDS-anxiety relation.
Alobar holoprosencephaly with unfused thalami: A rare variety of holoprosencephaly

Introduction: Holoprosencephaly with unfused thalami is a rare malformation involving the forebrain and the face. The epidemiology of the disease is poorly known due to paucity of population based studies. Case Report: A 32-year-old grand multipara at 27th week gestation found on routine ultrasound examination to have a single live fetus with the fetal head showing dilated single cerebral ventricle, with no evidence of anterior midline echo (falx, inter hemispheric cistern and septum pellucidum). The thalami appear relatively small but not fused with a thin midline linear echoic septum separating them. Two subsequent sonograms at 30th and 33rd weeks of pregnancy, including coronal sonograms of the fetal head, correctly identified a dilated single cerebral ventricle. There was no history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension or previously affected child. Pregnancy termination was done on the couple’s request, because of the poor fetal prognosis. Postmortem clinical examination revealed a female newborn with normal body structure. The couple declined consent for autopsy. Conclusion: Alobar holoprosencephaly with unfused thalami is a rare and severe variety of holoprosencephaly with poorly understood aetiology and poor prognosis. (This page in not part of the published article.) International Journal of Case Reports and Images, Vol. 5 No. 11, November 2014. ISSN – [0976-3198] Int J Case Rep Images 2014;5(11):756–760. www.ijcasereportsandimages.com Ibrahim et al. 756 CASE REPORT OPEN ACCESS Alobar holoprosencephaly with unfused thalami: A rare variety of holoprosencephaly Abubakar A., Sanusi Mohammed Ibrahim, Ahidjo A., Tahir A.
Design of a Lightweight Magnetic Radar Absorber Embedded With Resistive FSS

In this letter, the design of a lightweight magnetic radar absorber (RA) having broadband bandwidth in frequency range of 1-18 GHz is demonstrated. A 5-mm-thick magnetic RA with weak wave-absorbing performance is obtained on the basis of polyurethane foam filled with flake ferrous microwave absorbent. The use of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) results in a significant increase of the absorbing intensity and operating bandwidth of the RA. By selecting the unit dimensions and modulating the location and square resistance of FSS, a maximal operating bandwidth with the reflectivity below -10 dB can be obtained. Experimental results are presented and compared to numerical simulations, and they demonstrated that the RA embedded with lossy FSS has a super broad bandwidth of 3.19-18 GHz with the reflectivity below - 10 dB for the double-layer case. The density of the absorber is only 0.62 g/cm3 , which is far more less than that of the conventional magnetic coating radar absorbing materials (RAMs).
Nutritional status of school-age children - A scenario of urban slums in India

BACKGROUND
One of the greatest problems for India is undernutrition among children. The country is still struggling with this problem. Malnutrition, the condition resulting from faulty nutrition, weakens the immune system and causes significant growth and cognitive delay. Growth assessment is the measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, while also providing an indirect measurement of well-being for the entire population.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study, in which we explored nutritional status in school-age slum children and analyze factors associated with malnutrition with the help of a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and clinical examination from December 2010 to April 2011 in urban slums of Bareilly, Uttar-Pradesh (UP), India.


RESULT
The mean height and weight of boys and girls in the study group was lower than the CDC 2000 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) standards in all age groups. Regarding nutritional status, prevalence of stunting and underweight was highest in age group 11 yrs to 13 yrs whereas prevalence of wasting was highest in age group 5 yrs to 7 yrs. Except refractive errors all illnesses are more common among girls, but this gender difference is statistically significant only for anemia and rickets. The risk of malnutrition was significantly higher among children living in joint families, children whose mother's education was [less than or equal to] 6th standard and children with working mothers.


CONCLUSIONS
Most of the school-age slum children in our study had a poor nutritional status. Interventions such as skills-based nutrition education, fortification of food items, effective infection control, training of public healthcare workers and delivery of integrated programs are recommended.
Coronary stent implantation is superior to balloon angioplasty for chronic coronary occlusions: six-year clinical follow-up of the GISSOC trial.

OBJECTIVES
We investigated whether the benefits of stent implantation over balloon percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for treatment of chronic total coronary occlusions (CTO) are maintained in the long term.


BACKGROUND
Several randomized trials have shown that in CTO, stent implantation confers clinical and angiographic mid-term outcomes superior to those observed after PTCA. However, limited information on the long-term results of either technique is available.


METHODS
Six-year clinical follow-up of patients enrolled in the Gruppo Italiano di Studio sullo Stent nelle Occlusioni Coronariche (GISSOC) trial was performed by direct visit or telephone interview. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and anginal status, were recorded.


RESULTS
Freedom from MACE at six years was 76.1% in the stent group, compared with 60.4% in the PTCA group (p = 0.0555). This difference was due mainly to TLR-free survival rates (85.1% vs. 65.5% for the stent and PTCA groups, respectively; p = 0.0165). Eleven patients underwent TLR after the nine-month follow-up visit (stent group: n = 5; PTCA group: n = 6); however, in most cases, restenosis of the study occlusion was evident at nine-month angiography.


CONCLUSIONS
This study represents the longest reported clinical follow-up of patients after percutaneous recanalization of CTO and demonstrates that the superiority of stent implantation over balloon PTCA is maintained in the long term. Stent and PTCA results appear to remain stable after nine-month angiographic follow-up. Stent implantation in CTO that can be recanalized percutaneously is therefore a valuable long-term therapeutic option.
Mahua ( Madhuca indica ) seed oil: A source of renewable energy in India

Mahua oil methyl, ethyl and butyl esters were prepared and studied in a four stroke, direct injection diesel engine for their performance and emissions. The engine test results showed high thermal efficiency in case of methyl ester compared to all other esters and diesel fuel. Different emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC) is low for alkyl esters compared to diesel. Among alkyl esters except NOx all tail pipe emissions are lower in case of methyl ester compared to other esters. The ethyl ester shows lower NOx emission compared to other esters. Based on this study, mahua oil methyl ester performs well compared to other esters on the basis of performance and emissions.
Sclerosing injections to treat midportion Achilles tendinosis: a randomised controlled study evaluating two different concentrations of Polidocanol

Two to three ultrasound (US) and colour Doppler (CD)-guided injections of the sclerosing substance Polidocanol (5 mg/ml) have been demonstrated to give good clinical results in patients with chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy. This study aimed to investigate if a higher concentration of Polidocanol (10 mg/ml) would lead to a less number of treatments, and lower volumes, needed for good clinical results. Fifty-two consecutive Achilles tendons (48 patients, mean age 49.6 years) with chronic painful midportion Achilles tendinopathy, were randomised to treatment with Polidocanol 5 mg/ml (group A) or 10 mg/ml (group B). The patients and treating physician were blinded to the concentration of Polidocanol injected. All patients had structural tendon changes and neovascularisation in the Achilles midportion. Treatment was US + CD-guided injections targeting the region with neovascularisation (outside ventral tendon). A maximum of three treatments (6–8 weeks in between) were given before evaluation. Patients not satisfied after three treatments were given additional treatment with Polidocanol 10 mg/ml, up to five treatments. For evaluation, the patients recorded the severity of Achilles tendon pain during activity on a visual analogue scale (VAS), before and after treatment. Patient satisfaction with treatment was also assessed. At follow-up (mean 14 months) after three treatments, 18/26 patients in group A and 19/26 patients in group B were satisfied with the treatment and had a significantly reduced level of tendon pain (P < 0.05). After completion of the study, additional treatments with Polidocanol 10 mg/ml in the not satisfied patients resulted in 26/26 satisfied patients in both groups A and B. In summary, we found no significant differences in the number of satisfied patients, number of injections or volumes given, between patients treated with 5 or 10 mg/ml Polidocanol.
Orion - A low-cost demonstration of formation flying in space using GPS

This paper describes research on the design of a GPS based relative position and attitude sensing mission called Orion. The current Orion design consists of a eet of 6 micro-satellites launched simultaneously into low Earth orbit to demonstrate coordinated attitude control, relative navigation and control, and formation initialization techniques in space. This approach represents a new systems architecture that provides many performance and operations advantages, such as reduced operating cost, enhanced mission exibility, and improved science observations. A key objective of Orion is to demonstrate CarrierPhase Di erential GPS (CDGPS) techniques to autonomously track the relative position and attitude between several spacecraft. Based on a research program focused on low-cost spacecraft design, Orion represents a critical step towards the realization of formation ying and virtual platform capabilities. 1
LEARNING TO LEARN TO TEACH: AN "EXPERIMENT" MODEL FOR TEACHING AND TEACHER PREPARATION IN MATHEMATICS

This paper describes a model for generating and accumulating knowledge for both teaching and teacher education. The model is applied first to prepare prospective teachers to learn to teach mathematics when they enter the classroom. The concept of treating lessons as experiments is used to explicate the intentional, rigorous, and systematic process of learning to teach through studying one’s own practice. The concept of planning teaching experiences so that others can learn from one’s experience is used to put into practice the notion of contributing to a shared professional knowledge base for teaching mathematics. The same model is then applied to the work of improving teacher preparation programs in mathematics. Parallels are drawn between the concepts emphasized for prospective teachers and those that are employed by instructors who study and improve teacher preparation experiences. In this way, parallels also are seen in the processes used to generate an accumulating knowledge base for teaching and for teacher education.
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Brostallicin ( PNU-166196 ) , a New DNA Minor-Groove Binder , Administered Intravenously Every 3 Weeks to Adult Patients with Metastatic Cancer 1

Purpose: Brostallicin (PNU-166196) is a cytotoxic agent that binds to the minor groove of DNA with significant antitumor activity in preclinical studies. This trial was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose, the toxicity profile, and the pharmacokinetics of Brostallicin in cancer patients. Experimental Design: Patients were treated with escalating doses of Brostallicin ranging from 0.85 to 15 mg/m administered as a 10-min i.v. infusion every 3 weeks. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected during the first and second course, and analyzed by liquid-chromatography with tandem-mass spectrometric detection. Results: Twenty-seven evaluable patients received a total of 73 courses. Grade 4 neutropenia was the only doselimiting toxicity at 12.5 mg/m, whereas grade 4 thrombocytopenia (1 patient) and grade 4 neutropenia (2 patients) were the dose-limiting toxicities at 15 mg/m. Other side effects, including thrombocytopenia and nausea, were generally mild. The maximum tolerated dose was defined at 10 mg/m. The clearance and terminal half-life of Brostallicin were dose-independent, with mean ( SD) values of 9.33 2.38 liters/h/m and 4.69 1.88 h, respectively. There was no significant accumulation of Brostallicin with repeated administration. Significant relationships were observed between systemic exposure to Brostallicin and neutrophil counts at nadir. One partial response was observed in a patient with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Conclusion: Brostallicin was found to be well tolerated, with neutropenia being the principal toxicity. The recommended dose for additional evaluation in this schedule is 10 mg/m.
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE FINANCIAL CRISIS

The economic, financial crisis affects anybody. Thi s paper will focus on risk perception, and some personal and social factors during financial c It will examine people's behavior in the cr edit market, and how they make their decisions regarding loans. It will study the motives, attitude, choices, and rejection of people concerning credit under financi al crisis.