LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Molecular analysis of Neanderthal DNA from the northern Caucasus

The expansion of premodern humans into western and eastern Europe ∼40,000 years before the present led to the eventual replacement of the Neanderthals by modern humans ∼28,000 years ago. Here we report the second mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis of a Neanderthal, and the first such analysis on clearly dated Neanderthal remains. The specimen is from one of the eastern-most Neanderthal populations, recovered from Mezmaiskaya Cave in the northern Caucasus. Radiocarbon dating estimated the specimen to be ∼29,000 years old and therefore from one of the latest living Neanderthals. The sequence shows 3.48% divergence from the Feldhofer Neanderthal. Phylogenetic analysis places the two Neanderthals from the Caucasus and western Germany together in a clade that is distinct from modern humans, suggesting that their mtDNA types have not contributed to the modern human mtDNA pool. Comparison with modern populations provides no evidence for the multiregional hypothesis of modern human evolution.
Exercise training increases oxygen uptake efficiency slope in chronic heart failure.

BACKGROUND AND AIM
The oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) is a novel measure of cardiopulmonary reserve. OUES is measured during an exercise test, but it is independent of the maximally achieved exercise intensity. It has a higher prognostic value in chronic heart failure (CHF) than other exercise test-derived variables such as(Equation is included in full-text article.)or(Equation is included in full-text article.)slope. Exercise training improves(Equation is included in full-text article.)and(Equation is included in full-text article.)in CHF patients. We hypothesized that exercise training also improves OUES.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We studied 34 New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-III CHF patients who constituted an exercise training group T (N=20; 19 men/1 woman; age 60+/-9 years; left ventricular ejection fraction 34+/-5%) and a control group C (N=14; 13 men/one woman; age 63+/-10 years; left ventricular ejection fraction 34+/-7%). A symptom-limited exercise test was performed at baseline and repeated after 4 weeks (C) or after completion of the training program (T). Exercise training increased NYHA class from 2.6 to 2.0 (P<0.05),(Equation is included in full-text article.)by 14% [P(TvsC)<0.01], and OUES by 19% [P(TvsC)<0.01]. Exercise training decreased(Equation is included in full-text article.)by 14% [P(TvsC)<0.05].


CONCLUSION
Exercise training improved NYHA class,(Equation is included in full-text article.)and also OUES. This finding is of great potential interest as OUES is insensitive for peak load. Follow-up studies are needed to demonstrate whether OUES improvements induced by exercise training are associated with improved prognosis.
Obesity in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes in Germany, Austria, and the United States.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the current extent of the obesity problem in 2 large pediatric clinical registries in the US and Europe and to examine the hypotheses that increased body mass index (BMI) z-scores (BMIz) are associated with greater hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and increased frequency of severe hypoglycemia in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).


STUDY DESIGN
International (World Health Organization) and national (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents) BMI references were used to calculate BMIz in participants (age 2-<18 years and ≥ 1 year duration of T1D) enrolled in the T1D Exchange (n = 11,435) and the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (n = 21,501). Associations between BMIz and HbA1c and severe hypoglycemia were assessed.


RESULTS
Participants in both registries had median BMI values that were greater than international and their respective national reference values. BMIz was significantly greater in the T1D Exchange vs the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (P < .001). After stratification by age-group, no differences in BMI between registries existed for children 2-5 years, but differences were confirmed for 6- to 9-, 10- to 13-, and 14- to 17-year age groups (all P < .001). Greater BMIz were significantly related to greater HbA1c levels and more frequent occurrence of severe hypoglycemia across the registries, although these associations may not be clinically relevant.


CONCLUSIONS
Excessive weight is a common problem in children with T1D in Germany and Austria and, especially, in the US. Our data suggest that obesity contributes to the challenges in achieving optimal glycemic control in children and adolescents with T1D.
An Ontology Based Approach to Data Representation and Information Search in Smart Tourist Guide System

Tourism is travel for leisure and recreational purposes. However, travelers suffer from information overload when they use the Internet to look for information about potential destinations, events and related services. Providing the relevant information to tourists with different personal interests is still a challenging task for tourist guide information systems. This paper presents an ontology based approach for developing STAAR (Semantic Tourist information Access and Recommending), a system that addresses this problem. STAAR help tourist search information by providing a various semantic search feature in a mobile phone application. In addition, we propose an algorithm for recommending travel route relevant to both criterions: itinerary length and user interest.
Validity and responsiveness of the Rehabilitation Activities Profile (RAP) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the internal consistency, validity and responsiveness of the Rehabilitation Activities Profile (RAP; a rehabilitation tool structuring the multidisciplinary team care process) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.


METHODS
In 85 rheumatoid arthritis patients admitted to a rheumatology clinic the RAP was applied at admission, at discharge, and six weeks thereafter. Additional assessments included measures of physical and psychological functioning, disease activity and quality of life. The internal consistency of the RAP was determined with Cronbach's alpha. Associations between the RAP and other outcome measures were determined by Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Responsiveness measures included the standardized response mean (SRM), effect size (ES) and responsiveness ratio (RR).


RESULTS
Cronbach's alpha of the RAP total score was 0.78. The RAP total score correlated significantly with all other outcome measures. The mean RAP total score improved from 15.2 to 13.2 at discharge (change -2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.4 to -0.7) and to 11.5 (change -3.7; 95% CI -3.9 to -1.5) six weeks thereafter. The responsiveness of the RAP total score was low (standardized response mean -0.34, effect size -0.30) to high (responsiveness ratio -0.87) at discharge and moderate (standardized response mean -0.54, effect size -0.55) to high (responsiveness ratio -1.56) six weeks thereafter.


CONCLUSIONS
The RAP appeared to be an internally consistent, valid and responsive measure to reflect limitations on the level of activities and participation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis admitted for multidisciplinary team care.
Social Networks as Signaling Mechanisms : Evidence from Online Peer-to-Peer Lending

We study the online market for peer-to-peer (P2P) lending in which individuals bid on unsecured microloans sought by other individual borrowers. Using a large sample of consummated and failed listings from the largest online P2P lending marketplace Prosper.com, we test whether social networks lead to better lending outcomes, focusing on the distinction between the structural and relational aspects of networks. While the structural aspects have limited to no significance, the relational aspects are consistently significant predictors of lending outcomes, with a striking gradation based on the verifiability and visibility of a borrower’s social capital. Stronger and more verifiable relational network measures are associated with a higher likelihood of a loan being funded, a lower risk of default, and lower interest rates. We discuss the implications of our findings for financial disintermediation and the design of decentralized electronic lending markets. This version: October 2009 ∗Decision, Operations and Information Technologies Department, **Finance Department. All the authors are at Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. Mingfeng Lin can be reached at mingfeng@rhsmith.umd.edu. Prabhala can be reached at prabhala@rhsmith.umd.edu. Viswanathan can be reached at sviswana@rhsmith.umd.edu. The authors thank Ethan Cohen-Cole, Jerry Hoberg, Dalida Kadyrzhanova, De Liu, Vojislav Maksimovic, Gordon Phillips, Kislaya Prasad, Galit Shmueli, Kelly Shue, and seminar participants at Carnegie Mellon University, University of Utah, the 2008 Summer Doctoral Program of the Oxford Internet Institute, the 2008 INFORMS Annual Conference, the Workshop on Information Systems and Economics (Paris), and Western Finance Association for their valuable comments and suggestions. Mingfeng Lin also thanks to the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation for the 2009 Dissertation Fellowship Award, and to the Economic Club of Washington D.C. (2008) for their generous financial support. We also thank Prosper.com for making the data for the study available. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors.
Alcohol and breast cancer risk defined by estrogen and progesterone receptor status: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND
Alcohol consumption increases breast cancer risk. Some studies suggested that this association is stronger or limited to tumors expressing estrogen receptors (ER).


METHODS
We investigated the role of alcohol according to ER and progesterone receptor (PR) status in a case-control study on breast cancer conducted from 1991 to 1994 in three Italian areas. Cases were 989 women with incident, histologically confirmed breast cancer. Controls were 1,350 women admitted to hospitals in the same catchment areas for acute nonneoplastic diseases. A validated food-frequency questionnaire was used to collect information on dietary habits and lifetime consumption of various alcoholic beverages. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).


RESULTS
Alcohol drinking was associated with ER+ tumors (odds ratio, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.68-2.76 for an intake of > or =13.8 g/d as compared with nondrinkers). The odds ratio was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.07-1.20) for a 10-g increase in daily intake. For ER- tumors, the relation with alcohol consumption was not significant (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.93-2.01). When breast cancers were further classified according to PR, the findings for ER+PR+ cancers were similar to those for all ER+ ones, with an odds ratio of 2.34 (95% CI, 1.81-3.04) for an intake of > or =13.8 g/d. No significant association emerged for ER-PR- tumors (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.81-1.94).


CONCLUSION
This study supports the hypothesis that alcohol is more strongly related to ER+ than to ER- breast tumors.
Wideband Inductorless Balun-LNA Employing Feedback for Low-Power Low-Voltage Applications

A wideband inductorless low-noise-amplifier (LNA) with single-to-differential conversion for multistandard radio applications is proposed. Noise-suppressed current-mirror-based biasing is utilized to ensure stable operation under process, voltage, and temperature variations. The inherent gain of the common-source (CS) stage is re-used to boost the trans-conductance of the common-gate (CG) stage, and hence, a noise- and power-efficient design is achieved without hurting the noise and distortion cancellation properties of the CG-CS-based balun topology. The gain and phase balance is improved by employing an efficient compensation scheme. The prototype was realized in 0.13- μm CMOS, operates from 0.1 to 2 GHz, and dissipates 3 mW from 1.2-V supply while occupying a 0.075-mm2 active area. The balun-LNA, including the output buffer, provides 7.6-dB maximum power gain, 4.15-dB minimum noise figure, better than -10-dB input matching, and 0.5-dBm IIP3 without any on-chip inductor.
Eye tracking in the wild

An active contour tracker is presented which can be used for gaze-based interaction with off-the-shelf components. The underlying contour model is based on image statistics and avoids explicit feature detection. The tracker combines particle filtering with the EM algorithm. The method exhibits robustness to light changes and camera defocusing; consequently, the model is well suited for use in systems using off-the-shelf hardware, but may equally well be used in controlled environments, such as in IR-based settings. The method is even capable of handling sudden changes between IR and non-IR light conditions, without changing parameters. For the purpose of determining where the user is looking, calibration is usually needed. The number of calibration points used in different methods varies from a few to several thousands, depending on the prior knowledge used on the setup and equipment. We examine basic properties of gaze determination when the geometry of the camera, screen, and user is unknown. In particular we present a lower bound on the number of calibration points needed for gaze determination on planar objects, and we examine degenerate configurations. Based on this lower bound we apply a simple calibration procedure, to facilitate gaze estimation. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Global curvature for rectifiable loops

We study in detail the notion of global curvature defined on rectifiable closed curves, a concept which has been successfully applied in existence and regularity investigation regarding elastic self-contact problems in nonlinear elasticity. A bound on this purely geometric quantity serves as an excluded volume constraint to prevent selfintersections of slender elastic bodies modeled as elastic rods. Moreover, a finite global curvature characterizes simple closed curves, whose arc length parameterizations possess a Lipschitz continuous tangent field. The investigation of local and non-local properties of global curvature motivates, in particular, an extended definition of local curvature at any point of a rectifiable loop. Finally we show how a bound on global curvature can be used to define topological constraints such as a given knot type for closed loops or a prescribed linking number for closed framed curves, suitable to describe, e.g., supercoiling phenomena of biomolecules. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 53A04, 57M25, 74K10, 74M15, 92C40
Lattice-mismatched approaches for high-performance, III-V photovoltaic energy converters

We discuss lattice-mismatched (LMM) approaches utilizing compositionally step-graded layers and buffer layers that yield III-V photovoltaic devices with performance parameters equaling those of similar lattice-matched (LM) devices. Our progress in developing high-performance, LMM, InP-based GaInAs/InAsP materials and devices for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion is highlighted. A novel, monolithic, multi-bandgap, tandem device for solar PV (SPV) conversion involving LMM materials is also presented along with promising preliminary performance results.
Demonstration of unconditional one-way quantum computations

We demonstrate unconditional one-way quantum computation experiments using a linear cluster state of four entangled optical modes. Our results provide a first demonstration of the fundamental components for one-way quantum computation with continuous variables.
Temporal link prediction by integrating content and structure information

In this paper we address the problem of temporal link prediction, i.e., predicting the apparition of new links, in time-evolving networks. This problem appears in applications such as recommender systems, social network analysis or citation analysis. Link prediction in time-evolving networks is usually based on the topological structure of the network only. We propose here a model which exploits multiple information sources in the network in order to predict link occurrence probabilities as a function of time. The model integrates three types of information: the global network structure, the content of nodes in the network if any, and the local or proximity information of a given vertex. The proposed model is based on a matrix factorization formulation of the problem with graph regularization. We derive an efficient optimization method to learn the latent factors of this model. Extensive experiments on several real world datasets suggest that our unified framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods for temporal link prediction tasks.
Iodine Supplementation Decreases Hypercholesterolemia in Iodine-Deficient, Overweight Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND
In iodine deficiency, thyrotropin (TSH) may increase to stimulate thyroidal iodine uptake. In iodine-sufficient populations, higher TSH predicts higher total cholesterol. Whether higher TSH caused by iodine deficiency affects serum lipids is uncertain.


OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to determine if iodine repletion decreases serum TSH and improves the lipid profile.


METHODS
In this randomized controlled intervention, iodine-deficient, overweight or obese Moroccan women (n = 163) received 200 μg oral iodine or a placebo daily for 6 mo. Main outcomes were serum TSH and plasma total and LDL cholesterol. Secondary outcomes included thyroid hormones and measures of lipid and glucose metabolism and urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Data were compared by using mixed-model analysis.


RESULTS
In the intervention group, median UIC increased from 38 (95% CI: 34, 45) μg/L to 77 (95% CI: 59, 89) μg/L (P < 0.001). After 6 mo of intervention, TSH was 33% lower in the treatment group than in the placebo group (P = 0.024). The triiodothyronine (T3) to thyroxine (T4) ratio and thyroglobulin decreased with treatment [-15% (P = 0.002) and -32% (P < 0.001), respectively], whereas T4 concentrations were higher in the treatment group (P < 0.001). Total cholesterol in subjects with elevated baseline cholesterol (>5 mmol/L) was reduced by 11% after the intervention (P = 0.034). At 6 mo, only 21.5% of treated women remained hypercholesterolemic (total cholesterol >5 mmol/L) vs. 34.8% of controls (baseline: 44.2% in the intervention and 36.8% in the control group; P = 0.015). The reduction in the prevalence of elevated LDL cholesterol (>3 mmol/L) in the intervention group (50.6% to 35.4% compared with 47.4% to 44.9% in the control group) was not significant (P-interaction = 0.23).


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that moderate to severe iodine deficiency in overweight women elevates serum TSH and produces a more atherogenic lipid profile and that iodine supplementation in this group reduces the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. Thus, iodine prophylaxis may reduce cardiovascular disease risk in overweight adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01985204.
Harmonic Suppression of Parallel Coupled Microstrip Line Bandpass Filter Using CSRR

Bandstop filter (BSF) is first constructed using open stubs and spurline. The stop bandwidth of this conventional structure is further increased by placing a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) exactly below the 50Ω microstrip line. By embedding this BSF with a wide rejection band in the input port of the PCML bandpass filter, unwanted passbands of bandpass filter is eliminated. To demonstrate this, we have designed, fabricated and tested a first order Chebyshev bandpass filter centered at 0.9 GHz with 10% fractional bandwidth (FBW). This bandpass filter is cascaded with the newly proposed BSF. Simulation and measured results shows a harmonic rejection upto 5f0 with more than 20 dB rejection level.
Memantine enhances recovery from stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Stroke treatment is constrained by limited treatment windows and the clinical inefficacy of agents that showed preclinical promise. Yet animal and clinical data suggest considerable poststroke plasticity, which could allow treatment with recovery-modulating agents. Memantine is a well-tolerated N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist in common use for Alzheimer disease.


METHODS
Memantine, 30 mg/kg per day, or vehicle, was delivered chronically in drinking water beginning >2 hours after photothrombotic stroke.


RESULTS
Although there was no difference in infarct size, behavior, or optical intrinsic signal maps in the first 7 days after stroke, mice treated chronically with memantine showed significant improvements in motor control, measured by cylinder test and grid-walking performance, compared with vehicle-treated animals. Optical intrinsic signal revealed an increased area of forepaw sensory maps at 28 days after stroke. There was decreased reactive astrogliosis and increased vascular density around the infarcted cortex. Peri-infarct Western blots revealed increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and phosphorylated-tropomyosin-related kinase-B receptor expression.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that memantine improves stroke outcomes in an apparently non-neuroprotective manner involving increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling, reduced reactive astrogliosis, and improved vascularization, associated with improved recovery of sensory and motor cortical function. The clinical availability and tolerability of memantine make it an attractive candidate for clinical translation.
Lift-and-fill face lift: integrating the fat compartments.

BACKGROUND
Recent discovery of the numerous fat compartments of the face has improved our ability to more precisely restore facial volume while rejuvenating it through differential superficial musculoaponeurotic system treatment. Incorporation of selective fat compartment volume restoration along with superficial musculoaponeurotic system manipulation allows for improved control in recontouring while addressing one of the key problems in facial aging, namely, volume deflation. This theory was evaluated by assessing the contour changes from simultaneous face "lifting" and "filling" through fat compartment-guided facial fat transfer.


METHODS
A review of 100 face-lift patients was performed. All patients had an individualized component face lift with fat grafting to the nasolabial fold, deep malar, and high/lateral malar fat compartment locations. Photographic analysis using a computer program was conducted on oblique facial views preoperatively and postoperatively, to obtain the most projected malar contour point. Two independent observers visually evaluated the malar prominence and nasolabial fold improvements based on standardized photographs.


RESULTS
Nasolabial fold improved by at least one grade in 81 percent and by over one grade in 11 percent. Malar prominence average projection increase was 13.47 percent and the average amount of lift was 12.24 percent. The malar prominence score improved by at least one grade in 62 percent of the patients postoperatively, and 9 percent had a greater than one grade improvement. Twenty-eight percent of the patients had a convex malar prominence postoperatively compared with 6 percent preoperatively. Malar prominence improved by at least one grade in 63 percent and by over one grade in 10 percent.


CONCLUSIONS
The lift-and-fill face lift merges two key concepts in facial rejuvenation: (1) effective tissue manipulation by means of lifting and tightening in differential vectors according to original facial asymmetry and shape; and (2) selective fat compartment filling of deep malar and high malar locations and nasolabial fold fat grafting to precisely control facial contouring. This was shown with objective numerical grading and through observer assessment.


CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, IV.