LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided pancreatic duct access: techniques and literature review of pancreatography, transmural drainage and rendezvous techniques.

Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided (EUS)-guided pancreatic interventions have gained increasing attention. Here we review EUS-guided pancreatic duct (PD) access techniques and outcomes. EUS-guided PD intervention is divided into two types, antegrade and rendezvous techniques, following EUS-guided pancreatography. In the antegrade technique, pancreaticoenterostomy is carried out by stent placement between the PD and the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum. Transenteric antegrade PD stenting is conducted by stent placement, advancing anteriorly into the PD through the pancreatic tract. The rendezvous technique is carried out by using a guidewire through the papilla or anastomotic site for retrograde stent insertion. In terms of EUS-guided PD stenting, 11 case reports totaling 75 patients (35 normal anatomy, 40 altered anatomy) have been published. The technical success rate was greater than 70%. Early adverse events, including severe hematoma and severe pancreatitis,occurred in seven (63.6%) of 11 reports. Regarding the rendezvous technique, 12 case reports totaling 52 patients (22 normal anatomy, 30 altered anatomy) have been published. The technical success rate ranged from 25% to 100%. It was 48% in one report that involved more than 20 cases. Once stents were placed, all patients became free of symptoms. Early mild adverse events occurred in four (36.4%) of 11 reports. In conclusion, although it can be risky because of possible serious or even fatal adverse events, including pancreatic juice leakage, perforation and severe acute pancreatitis, EUS-PD access seems to be promising for treating symptomatic pancreatic diseases caused by PD stricture and pancreaticoenterostomy stricture.
Artificial Neural Networks — ICANN 2001

Structured domains are characterized by complex patterns which are usually represented as lists, trees, and graphs of variable sizes and complexity. The ability to recognize and classify these patterns is fundamental for several applications that use, generate or manipulate structures. In this paper I review some of the concepts underpinning Recursive Neural Networks, i.e. neural network models able to deal with data represented as directed acyclic graphs.
On Manifold Regularization

We propose a family of learning algorithms based on a new form of regularization which allows us to incorporate both labeled and unlabeled data in a general-purpose learner. Transductive graph learning algorithms and standard methods including SVM and Regularized Least Squares can be obtained as special cases of our framework.
Towards robotic facial mimicry: System development and evaluation

We introduce a facial mimicry system, which combines facial expression analysis and synthesis on a robot, utilizing the facial action coding system. The activation of action units on a user's face is automatically extracted from a video stream and mapped to the robot, thus mirroring the facial expression. As a novel approach, a user study quantifies the congruence of the initial human facial expression with the robotic facial expression. The evaluation shows that the robotic facial expression is perceived to be close to the human facial expression, from which it is derived. This is a fundamental aspect for a mimicry system, providing a basis for future research on empathy and emotional closed loop control.
Causality assessment of serious neurologic adverse events following 2009 H1N1 vaccination.

BACKGROUND
Adverse events occurring after vaccination are routinely reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). We studied serious adverse events (SAEs) of a neurologic nature reported after receipt of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine during the 2009-2010 influenza season. Investigators in the Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) network sought to characterize these SAEs and to assess their possible causal relationship to vaccination.


METHODS
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) physicians reviewed all SAE reports (as defined by the Code of Federal Regulations, 21CFR§314.80) after receipt of H1N1 vaccine reported to VAERS between October 1, 2009 and March 31, 2010. Non-fatal SAE reports with neurologic presentation were referred to CISA investigators, who requested and reviewed additional medical records and clinical information as available. CISA investigators assessed the causal relationship between vaccination and the event using modified WHO criteria as defined.


RESULTS
212 VAERS reports of non-fatal serious neurological events were referred for CISA review. Case reports were equally distributed by gender (50.9% female) with an age range of 6 months to 83 years (median 38 years). The most frequent diagnoses reviewed were: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (37.3%), seizures (10.8%), cranial neuropathy (5.7%), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (3.8%). Causality assessment resulted in classification of 72 events as "possibly" related (33%), 108 as "unlikely" related (51%), and 20 as "unrelated" (9%) to H1N1 vaccination; none were classified as "probable" or "definite" and 12 were unclassifiable (6%).


CONCLUSION
The absence of a specific test to indicate whether a vaccine component contributes to the pathogenesis of an event occurring within a biologically plausible time period makes assessing causality difficult. The development of standardized protocols for providers to use in evaluation of adverse events following immunization, and rapid identification and follow-up of VAERS reports could improve causality assessment.
Synthetic studies via the cross-coupling reaction of organoboron derivatives with organic halides

Previously, we reported the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 1-alkenylboron compounds with various vinylic or aryl halides in the presence of base to provide corresponding coupling products in good yields, stereoand regioselectively. The recent progress of such reactions is discussed. Most recently, it has been found that B-alkylorganoboranes react readily with vinylic halides or haloarenes in the presence of special palladium catalyst and base. Furthermore, even the most difficult cross-coupling of B-alkyl-9-BBN with alkyl iodides has been demonstrated to proceed smoothly to give coupling alkane derivatives in moderate yields under special conditions. Finally, it will be discussed that B-alkyl-9-BBN derivatives react with iodoalkanes under carbon monoxide atmosphere in the presence of potassium phosphate and a catalytic amount of Pd(PPh,),, yielding unsymmetrical ketones in excellent yields. The reaction is extremely accelerated by irradiation of light. RECENT PROGRESS OF CROSS-COUPLING REACTION U S I N G 1 -ALKENYLBORANES Previously we reported a simple and versatile synthesis leading to conjugated (E,E)-, (E,Z)-, (Z,E)-, and (Z,Z)alkadienes (ref. 1) via a cross-coupling reaction of (E)or (Z)-1-alkenyldisiamylboranes or 2-[(E)-l-alkenyl1-1,3,2benzodioxaboroles (B-1-alkenylcatecholboranes) with either (E)or (Z)-1-alkenyl halides in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium catalyst and base in benzene. The coupling with (E)-1-alkenylboronic acids or their esters prepared by hydroboration of alkynes with catecholborane always gives the expected dienes in 80-90% yields, while the coupling reactions with (Z)-1-alkenyldisiamyl(Ia) or (Z)-1-alkenyldicyclohexylboranes (Ib) give relatively poor yields of the coupling products (4), less than 50%. One of the major reasons for this difficulty appears to be due to the side reaction arising from the two alkyl groups on boron atom. In order to overcome this, we have attempted to use (Z)-1-alkenylboronates (3), f i t prepared by Brown and Imai (ref. 2). The reactions 1 a : R~ = siamyi 1 b : R2 cyclohexyl
AUTOSAR – the Standardized Software Architecture

Introduction Mastering the complexity of Electric/Electronics (E/E) architectures is one of the challenges of the automotive industry. In order to manage the growing system complexity and increasing number of dependencies while keeping the costs feasible, the basic software and the interfaces to applications and bus-systems have to be standardized in a futureproof way. In this context, leading automotive manufacturers and suppliers launched the AUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) Development Partnership in 2003 [5]. The objective of this global cooperation was to establish an open industry standard for automotive software architecture for suppliers and manufacturers according to the motto: “Cooperate on standards, compete on implementation” [9]. Accordingly the AUTOSAR standard comprises a set of specifications describing software architecture components and defining their interfaces as well as the definition of a standardized development methodology [7]. The AUTOSAR layered software architecture enables the application of independent software components. It aims to increase the reuse of software components, in particular between different vehicle platforms, and between OEMs and suppliers. It enables the scalability of embedded automotive software to different vehicle and platform variants, the transferability of functions throughout the vehicle network, and the integration of functional modules from multiple suppliers. Therefore, the AUTOSAR standard defines an architecture that separates application software from infrastructure-related basic software, as depicted in Fig. 1. The functional contents of the application software are different and related to the brand identity and the desired characteristics of the car manufacturer, or its system suppliers, whereas the functionality of the basic software is not visible to the customer and thus could be standardized by AUTOSAR in detail.
In vivo diagnosis of plaque erosion and calcified nodule in patients with acute coronary syndrome by intravascular optical coherence tomography.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to characterize the morphological features of plaque erosion and calcified nodule in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) by optical coherence tomography (OCT).


BACKGROUND
Plaque erosion and calcified nodule have not been systematically investigated in vivo.


METHODS
A total of 126 patients with ACS who had undergone pre-intervention OCT imaging were included. The culprit lesions were classified as plaque rupture (PR), erosion (OCT-erosion), calcified nodule (OCT-CN), or with a new set of diagnostic criteria for OCT.


RESULTS
The incidences of PR, OCT-erosion, and OCT-CN were 43.7%, 31.0%, and 7.9%, respectively. Patients with OCT-erosion were the youngest, compared with those with PR and OCT-CN (53.8 ± 13.1 years vs. 60.6 ± 11.5 years, 65.1 ± 5.0 years, p = 0.005). Compared with patients with PR, presentation with non-ST-segment elevation ACS was more common in patients with OCT-erosion (61.5% vs. 29.1%, p = 0.008) and OCT-CN (100% vs. 29.1%, p < 0.001). The OCT-erosion had a lower frequency of lipid plaque (43.6% vs. 100%, p < 0.001), thicker fibrous cap (169.3 ± 99.1 μm vs. 60.4 ± 16.6 μm, p < 0.001), and smaller lipid arc (202.8 ± 73.6° vs. 275.8 ± 60.4°, p < 0.001) than PR. The diameter stenosis was least severe in OCT-erosion, followed by OCT-CN and PR (55.4 ± 14.7% vs. 66.1 ± 13.5% vs. 68.8 ± 12.9%, p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Optical coherence tomography is a promising modality for identifying OCT-erosion and OCT-CN in vivo. The OCT-erosion is a frequent finding in patients with ACS, especially in those with non-ST-segment elevation ACS and younger patients. The OCT-CN is the least common etiology for ACS and is more common in older patients. (The Massachusetts General Hospital Optical Coherence Tomography Registry; NCT01110538).
The Industrial Applicability of Purified Cellulase Complex Indigenously Produced by Trichoderma viride Through Solid-State Bio-processing of Agro-Industrial and Municipal Paper Wastes

An indigenous strain of Trichoderma viride produced high titers of cellulase complex in solid-state bio-processing of agro-industrial orange peel waste, which was used as the growth-supporting substrate. When the conditions of the SSF medium containing 15 g orange peel (50% w/w moisture) inoculated with 5 mL of inoculum were optimal, the maximum productions of endoglucanase (655 ± 5.5 U/mL), exoglucanase (412 ± 4.3 U/mL), and β-glucosidase (515 ± 3.7 U/mL) were recorded after 4 days of incubation at pH 5 and 35 °C. The enzyme with maximum activity (endoglucanase) was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and Sephadex G-100 column gel filtration chromatographic technique. Endoglucanase was 5.5-fold purified with specific activity of 498 U/mg in comparison to the crude enzyme. The enzyme was shown to have a molecular weight of 58 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulphate poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The shelf life profile revealed that the enzyme could be stored at room temperature (30 °C) for up to 45 days without losing much of its activity.
Factored Language Models Tutorial

The Factored Language Model (FLM) is a flexible framework for incorporating various information sources, such as morphology and part-of-speech, into language modeling. FLMs have so far been successfully applied to tasks such as speech recognition and machine translation; it has the potential to be used in a wide variety of problems in estimating probability tables from sparse data. This tutorial serves as a comprehensive description of FLMs and related algorithms. We document the FLM functionalities as implemented in the SRI Language Modeling toolkit and provide an introductory walk-through using FLMs on an actual dataset. Our goal is to provide an easy-to-understand tutorial and reference for researchers interested in applying FLMs to their problems. Overview of the Tutorial We first describe the factored language model (Section 1) and generalized backoff (Section 2), two complementary techniques that attempt to improve statistical estimation (i.e., reduce parameter variance) in language models, and that also attempt to better describe the way in which language (and sequences of words) might be produced. Researchers familar with the algorithms behind FLMs may skip to Section 3, which describes the FLM programs and file formats in the publicly-available SRI Language Modeling (SRILM) toolkit.1 Section 4 is a step-by-step walkthrough with several FLM examples on a real language modeling dataset. This may be useful for beginning users of the FLMs. Finally, Section 5 discusses the problem of automatically tuning FLM parameters on real datasets and refers to existing software. This may be of interest to advanced users of FLMs.
Accurate RFID localization algorithm with particle swarm optimization based on reference tags

RFID technology has been widely used for object tracking in indoor environment due to their low cost and convenience for deployment. Existing RFID localization approaches rely on signal strength to measure the distance between RFID reader and tags. However, because of the environmental complexity and inferences, the measurement of distance by signal strength is not accurate, which causes large error in localization. In this paper we develop a novel algorithm to improve the RFID localization accuracy. Our algorithm is based on particle swarm optimization. More importantly, we add reference tags in the deployment, and design a parameter named Correction Factor in PSO to measure the distances more accurately by signal strength. The result shows that compared with the previous method without the correction factor, our proposed approach can increase the accuracy by 50%. This method has good application prospect in equipment management.
Derotational casting for progressive infantile scoliosis.

BACKGROUND
Serial cast correction by using the Cotrel derotation technique is one of several potential treatments for progressive infantile scoliosis. This study reviews our early experience to identify which, if any, patients are likely to benefit from or fail this technique.


METHODS
We followed all patients treated at our institutions for progressive infantile scoliosis since 2003 prospectively at 1 institution and retrospectively at the other 2. Data, including etiology, Cobb angles, rib vertebral angle difference, Moe-Nash rotation, and space available for the lung, were recorded over time.


RESULTS
Fifty-five patients with progressive infantile scoliosis had more than 1 year of follow-up from the initiation of casting. The diagnosis of progressive scoliosis was made based upon either a progressive Cobb angle or a rib vertebral angle difference of more than 20 degrees at presentation. All but 6 patients responded to cast correction. Nine patients have undergone surgery to date, 6 because of worsening and 3 by parent choice. As shown in the table, initiation of cast correction at a younger age, moderate curve size (<60 degrees), and an idiopathic diagnosis carry a better prognosis than an older age of initiation, curve >60 degrees, and a nonidiopathic diagnosis. The space available for the lung improved from 0.89 to 0.93. No patient experienced worsening of rib deformities.


CONCLUSIONS
Serial cast correction for infantile scoliosis often results in full correction in infants with idiopathic curves less than 60 degrees if started before 20 months of age. Cast correction for older patients with larger curves or nonidiopathic diagnosis still frequently results in curve improvement along with improvement in chest and body shape.


SIGNIFICANCE
Derotational cast correction seems to play a role in the treatment of progressive infantile scoliosis with cures in young patients and reductions in curve size with a delay in surgery in older and syndromic patients.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 4, therapeutic study.
A real-time logo detection system using data offloading on mobile devices

In the past few years, mobile augmented reality (AR) has attracted a great deal of attention. It presents us a live, direct or indirect view of a real-world environment whose elements are augmented (or supplemented) by computer-generated sensory inputs such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data. Also, deep learning has the potential to improve the performance of current AR systems. In this paper, we propose a distributed mobile logo detection framework. Our system consists of mobile AR devices and a back-end server. Mobile AR devices can capture real-time videos and locally decide which frame should be sent to the back-end server for logo detection. The server schedules all detection jobs to minimise the maximum latency. We implement our system on the Google Nexus 5 and a desktop with a wireless network interface. Evaluation results show that our system can detect the view change activity with an accuracy of 95:7% and successfully process 40 image processing jobs before deadline. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 6 June 2018 Accepted 30 June 2018
Cost-effectiveness of bivalirudin versus heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor in the treatment of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the cost-effectiveness of bivalirudin versus heparin and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (H-GPI) in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), from a UK health service perspective.


DESIGN
Cost-utility analysis with life-long time horizon.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness.


METHODS
Event risks and medical resource use data derived from the HORIZONS-AMI trial were entered into a decision analytic model. Clinical events until the end of year 1 (main model) or year 3 (alternative model) were modelled in detail. Adjustments were applied to approximate UK routine practice characteristics. Life expectancy of 1-year or 3-year survivors, health-state utilities, initial hospitalisation length of stay in the comparator strategy and unit costs were based on UK sources. Costs and effects were discounted at 3.5%.


RESULTS
The main model predicted bivalirudin and H-GPI patients to survive 11.52 and 11.35 (undiscounted) years on average, respectively, and to accrue 6.26 and 6.17 QALYs. Patient lifetime costs were £267 lower in the bivalirudin strategy (£12 843 vs £13 110). Extensive sensitivity and scenario analyses confirmed these results to be robust. In probabilistic analysis, quality-adjusted survival was higher and costs were lower with bivalirudin in 95.0% of simulation runs. In 99.2%, cost-effectiveness was better than £20 000 per QALY gained. Results from the alternative model were fully consistent.


CONCLUSION
The use of bivalirudin instead of H-GPI in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI is cost-effective, and offers a high probability of dominance. Background treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel is assumed.
An approach to novelty detection applied to the classification of image regions

We present a new framework for novelty detection. The framework evaluates neural networks as adaptive classifiers that are capable of novelty detection and retraining on the basis of newly discovered information. We apply our newly developed model to the application area of object recognition in video. We detail the tools and methods needed for novelty detection such that data from unknown classes can be reliably rejected without any a priori knowledge of its characteristics. The rejected data is postprocessed to determine which samples can be manually labeled of a new type and used for retraining. We compare the proposed framework with other novelty detection methods and discuss the results of adaptive retraining of neural network to recognize further unseen data containing the newly added objects.
Platonic Beasts: A New Family of Multilimbed Robots

May ’88 Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Doctor of Philosophy, Mechanical Engineering. Minors: Computer Science and Mathematics. Thesis: Singularity, Uncertainty and Compliance of Robot Manipulators. Jan. ’86 Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Master of Science. Thesis: An Environment for Computer Graphic Simulation of Robotic Applications. Aug. ’82 Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India. Bachelor of Technology, with distinction.