LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A CMOS switched transconductor mixer

A new CMOS active mixer topology can operate at low supply voltages by the use of switches exclusively connected to the supply voltages. Such switches require less voltage headroom and avoid gate-oxide reliability problems. Mixing is achieved by exploiting two transconductors with cross-coupled outputs, which are alternatingly activated by the switches. For ideal switching, the operation is equivalent to a conventional active mixer. This paper analyzes the performance of the switched transconductor mixer, in comparison with the conventional mixer, demonstrating competitive performance at a lower supply voltage. Moreover, the new mixer has a fundamental noise benefit, as noise produced by the switch-transistors and LO-port is common mode noise, which is rejected at the differential output. An experimental prototype with 12-dB conversion gain was designed and realized in standard 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS to operate at only a 1-V supply. Experimental results show satisfactory mixer performance up to 4 GHz and confirm the fundamental noise benefit.
GLP-1 receptors exist in the parietal cortex, hypothalamus and medulla of human brains and the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide alters brain activity related to highly desirable food cues in individuals with diabetes: a crossover, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue that has been demonstrated to successfully treat diabetes and promote weight loss. The mechanisms by which liraglutide confers weight loss remain to be fully clarified. Thus, we investigated whether GLP-1 receptors are expressed in human brains and whether liraglutide administration affects neural responses to food cues in diabetic individuals (primary outcome). In 22 consecutively studied human brains, expression of GLP-1 receptors in the hypothalamus, medulla oblongata and parietal cortex was examined using immunohistochemistry. In a randomised (assigned by the pharmacy using a randomisation enrolment table), placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial, 21 individuals with type 2 diabetes (18 included in analysis due to lack or poor quality of data) were treated with placebo and liraglutide for a total of 17 days each (0.6 mg for 7 days, 1.2 mg for 7 days, and 1.8 mg for 3 days). Participants were eligible if they had type 2 diabetes and were currently being treated with lifestyle changes or metformin. Participants, caregivers, people doing measurements and/or examinations, and people assessing the outcomes were blinded to the medication assignment. We studied metabolic changes as well as neurocognitive and neuroimaging (functional MRI) of responses to food cues at the clinical research centre of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of GLP-1 receptors on neurons in the human hypothalamus, medulla and parietal cortex. Liraglutide decreased activation of the parietal cortex in response to highly desirable (vs less desirable) food images (p < 0.001; effect size: placebo 0.53 ± 0.24, liraglutide −0.47 ± 0.18). No significant adverse effects were noted. In a secondary analysis, we observed decreased activation in the insula and putamen, areas involved in the reward system. Furthermore, we showed that increased ratings of hunger and appetite correlated with increased brain activation in response to highly desirable food cues while on liraglutide, while ratings of nausea correlated with decreased brain activation. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of GLP-1 receptors in human brains. We also observe that liraglutide alters brain activity related to highly desirable food cues. Our data point to a central mechanism contributing to, or underlying, the effects of liraglutide on metabolism and weight loss. Future studies will be needed to confirm and extend these findings in larger samples of diabetic individuals and/or with the higher doses of liraglutide (3 mg) recently approved for obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01562678 The study was funded by Novo Nordisk, NIH UL1 RR025758 and 5T32HD052961.
Experiences with the management of paraurethral cysts in adult women

INTRODUCTION
Paraurethral cysts may be acquired or congenital pathology, and are rarely encountered in urogynecologic practice. Therefore, no consensus on management of paraurethral cyst could be reached. We aimed to report our experience on the management of paraurethral cysts in adult women.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
A retrospective chart review was conducted on adult women diagnosed with paraurethral cysts between 2011 and 2012. Patients' complaints, parity, physical signs, diagnostic tests and the obtained findings, surgical intervention, duration of follow-up period, complications, recurrence and histologic examination of the cysts wall were evaluated in the patients included.


RESULTS
Ten adult women, aged 23-48 years (mean: 41 years) with paraurethral cysts between 2011 and 2012 were identified. All patients were multiparous. The patients' complaints included palpable mass, dyspareunia, and dysuria. All patients underwent preoperative urethrocystoscopy. All the cysts were solitary and in dimension of 1 to 3.5 cm and localized in the distal urethra. All patients underwent surgical excision. The mean follow-up period was 8 months (range: 6-12 months). Neither complications nor recurrences were observed. Histopathological examination showed that 5 cysts were lined with squamous epithelium, 2 were lined with transitional epithelium, and 3 were lined with both types of epithelium.


CONCLUSIONS
Paraurethral cysts may be symptomatic and routine urological examinations are sufficient for diagnosis without using advanced imaging technique. In such symptomatic adult patients, partial surgical resection combined with fulguration can be performed effectively without complications. This treatment modality seems exceptional according to the literature.
A hybrid recommendation technique based on product category attributes

0957-4174/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2009.03.046 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +98 09126121921. E-mail address: shahbazi_mo@yahoo.com (M. Sha Recommender systems are powerful tools that allow companies to present personalized offers to their customers and defined as a system which recommends an appropriate product or service after learning the customers’ preferences and desires. Extracting users’ preferences through their buying behavior and history of purchased products is the most important element of such systems. Due to users’ unlimited and unpredictable desires, identifying their preferences is very complicated process. In most researches, less attention has been paid to user’s preferences varieties in different product categories. This may decrease quality of recommended items. In this paper, we introduced a technique of recommendation in the context of online retail store which extracts user preferences in each product category separately and provides more personalized recommendations through employing product taxonomy, attributes of product categories, web usage mining and combination of two well-known filtering methods: collaborative and content-based filtering. Experimental results show that proposed technique improves quality, as compared to similar approaches. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mao and the Chinese revolution in philosophy

There is a unique relationship between Maoist policies and philosophy. This uniqueness is idue, on the one hand, to the pedagogical orientation of the CPC, and to the essential role of the cultural revolution, on the other.
The orbicularis retaining ligament of the medial orbit: closing the circle.

BACKGROUND
There exists some ambiguity regarding the exact anatomical limits of the orbicularis retaining ligament, particularly its medial boundary in both the superior and inferior orbits. Precise understanding of this anatomy is necessary during periorbital rejuvenation.


METHODS
Sixteen fresh hemifacial cadaver dissections were performed in the anatomy laboratory to evaluate the anatomy of the orbicularis retaining ligament. Dissection was assisted by magnification with loupes and the operating microscope.


RESULTS
A ligamentous system was found that arises from the inferior and superior orbital rim that is truly periorbital. This ligament spans the entire circumference of the orbit from the medial to the lateral canthus. There exists a fusion line between the orbital septum and the orbicularis retaining ligament in the superior orbit, indistinguishable from the arcus marginalis of the inferior orbital rim. Laterally, the orbicularis retaining ligament contributes to the lateral canthal ligament, consistent with previous studies. No contribution to the medial canthus was identified in this study.


CONCLUSIONS
The orbicularis retaining ligament is a true, circumferential "periorbital" structure. This ligament may serve two purposes: (1) to act as a fixation point for the orbicularis muscle of the upper and lower eyelids and (2) to protect the ocular globe. With techniques of periorbital injection with fillers and botulinum toxin becoming ever more popular, understanding the orbicularis retaining ligament's function as a partitioning membrane is mandatory for avoiding ocular complications. As a support structure, examples are shown of how manipulation of this ligament may benefit canthopexy, septal reset, and brow-lift procedures as described by Hoxworth.
Stator flux oriented control of a cascaded doubly-fed induction machine

A cascaded doubly-fed induction machine (CDFM) is a connection of two wound rotor induction machines. In comparison to a single doubly-fed induction machine (SDFM) brushes are obsolete. Due to recent developments in brushless doubly-fed machine design, there is a renewed interest in associated control. Theoretical and experimental studies of a stator flux oriented control method for a CDFM are presented. The use of vector control principles to control torque, speed, active and reactive power is investigated. It is found that the additional closed rotor circuit of the CDFM introduces a cross coupling between the d-axis and the q-axis. Nevertheless, the cross coupling effect remains small in relation to the overall control concept so that the control of the CDFM resembles that of the SDFM.
Development and allometric growth patterns during early larval stages of the spotted sand bass Paralabrax maculatofasciatus ( Percoidei : Serranidae )

We describe the allometric growth patterns of Paralabrax maculatofasciatus larvae raised under culture conditions. From hatching to day 30, ten to fifteen larvae were sampled each day and measured using digital photograph software. Morphometric measurements included total length, head length, body length, tail (post anal) length, head depth, body depth, muscle height, tail depth, mouth length and eye diameter. Allometric growth was modeled by a power function and patterns in allometry were described by the growth coefficient (power function exponent). Based on the changes in the growth coefficients we can infer changes in ontogenetic priorities related to developmental stages of the spotted sand bass. During the yolk sac and preflexion stages (TL interval = 1.57 to 4.38 mm) there is an evident priority to enhancing the feeding and swimming capabilities by promoting accelerated growth in the head and tail length. During the flexion stage (TL interval = 4.89 to 7.54 mm), there is a major decrease in the growth coefficients, indicating a change in growth priorities. At the end of the postflexion stage there is an evident tendency to isometry for all the growth coefficients. The present results support the hypothesis of differential growth patterns for primary functions during early ontogeny.
Enhancing situation awareness via automated situation assessment

The human cognitive process of situation awareness is limited to the amount of data and the level of complexity between the data elements. Situation assessment, encompassing automated threat and impact assessment, shall assist human analysts by estimating the critical activities and objects in an emerging situation. The existing work on situation assessment, while serving its individual purposes, is not driven explicitly by the need to enhance situation awareness. This article provides a summary of various related work, ranging from visualization to algorithmic threat projection, and describes a human-centered framework that associates situation assessment processes and models with requirements needed to enhance situation awareness.
An energy efficiency solution for WBAN in healthcare monitoring system

The Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) allows Healthcare Monitoring Systems to get the flexibility and mobility characteristics. However, almost WBAN is made up of several tiny, light-weighted and battery-operated sensors with the limit of energy. Therefore, an energy-effective WBAN system is vitally important to make the long-term Healthcare Monitoring System. In this paper, we have proposed an energy efficiency solution for WBAN based on ZigBee applying Healthcare Monitoring System. Particularly, we utilized the ZigBee standard working in beacon-enable mode to obtain the adaptive duty cycle. Consequently, the energy consumption in idle-mode is avoided, as well as the total energy consumption of sensors is also decreased and extended network lifetime. The simulation results conducted by OPNET Modeler show that our proposed method can save efficient energy consumption of WBAN while the QoS is ensured in terms of network performances (e.g., average end to end delay, network throughput) in long-term Healthcare Monitoring System.
A 90-nm variable frequency clock system for a power-managed itanium architecture processor

An Itanium Architecture microprocessor in 90-nm CMOS with 1.7B transistors implements a dynamically-variable-frequency clock system. Variable frequency clocks support a power management scheme which maximizes processor performance within a configured power envelope. Core supply voltage and clock frequency are modulated dynamically in order to remain within the power envelope. The Foxton controller and dynamically-variable clock system reside on die while the variable voltage regulator and power measurement resistors reside off chip. In addition, high-bandwidth frequency adjustment allows the clock period to adapt during on-die supply transients, allowing higher frequency processor operation during transients than possible with a single-frequency clock system.
An Approach to Formal and Semantic Representation of Logistics Services

Modern logistics systems are characterized by an increasing structural complexity and dynamicity, which arises from trends in the global economy, decomposition of supply chains and individual customer demands. These trends have amplified the need for greater flexibility in the (re-)configuration of supply chains and, additionally, the demand to move from centralized to decentralized IT solutions for planning and control. This paper presents an approach to achieve flexibility and decentralization in supply chain configuration and management. The approach combines loosely-coupled logistics services with semantic technologies for a unified representation of diverse logistics data and service functionalities. The contribution is a formal knowledge model of the information in the logistics domain using ontologies. The paper further discusses the semantic representation of logistic services in a framework that enables automated and intelligent techniques for discovery, ranking, execution and efficient composition of services into more complex and flexible logistics processes.
Golden Age for Filter Design: Innovative and Proven Approaches for Acoustic Filter, Duplexer, and Multiplexer Design

Mobile communication is already an integral part of our lives, and its role will only continue to grow. While early mobile phone functions were limited mainly to simple address books and text messaging, today's predominant smartphones and tablets support almost endless functionality via third-party application software, bringing an insatiable hunger for higher download rates. Telecommunication associations all around the world [1] are, therefore, continuously working on new cellular network technologies. This comes along with the introduction of advanced digital modulation schemes with higher spectral efficiency; multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO)-based radio interfaces; and carrier aggregation (CA) [2].
Current practice of waste management system in Malaysia : Towards sustainable waste management

Nowadays, the increasing quantity of municipal solid waste has causes serious environmental problem which requires a better solution in handling the wastes that generate. Construction waste is considered as part of the municipal solid waste. Construction wastes that produce in the construction process contributes a large amount to municipal solid waste. For that reason, a proper way of handling construction wastes is significance in reducing the negative impacts towards the environment, social, and economy. Sustainable waste management is introduced to maintain the balance between the environment, social and economic aspects through several ways such as acts implementation, and techniques in managing waste. Therefore, it is essential to identify current waste management system adopted by industry in order to make adjustment and improvement in moving towards sustainable waste management. This paper highlights the current waste management system implemented in Malaysia and the challenges in applying the concept of sustainability into waste management through reviewing past similar researches. This research has conducted an exploratory interview to six industry practitioners in both private and government sector in Malaysia. The results obtained show the current waste management systems applied in Malaysia and factors that hinder the concept of sustainability into waste management. It allows a major shift in Malaysia waste management by improvise current waste management technology into more sustainable way. Keywords—waste management system; construction wastes sustainability; technology
Acute injuries in recreational and competitive surfers: incidence, severity, location, type, and mechanism.

BACKGROUND
There are an estimated 37 million surfers worldwide, with 2.5 million recreational surfers in Australia. The recreational activity and sport of surfing has grown dramatically since the 1960s, but scientific research has been poorly mirrored in comparison with most other mainstream sports.


PURPOSE
To identify the incidence, severity, location, type, and mechanism of acute injuries in recreational and competitive surfers over a 12-month period.


STUDY DESIGN
Descriptive epidemiology study.


METHODS
An online survey using an open-source survey application was utilized. The survey consisted of 2 primary sections: Section 1 included demographic information and participation levels (age, height, weight, hours surfed, competitive level); section 2 incorporated injury type, mechanism, severity, and injury management.


RESULTS
A total of 1348 participants (91.3% males; 43.1% competitive surfers) were included in data analysis. A total of 512 acute injuries were classified as major, providing an incidence proportion of 0.38 (CI, 0.35-0.41) acute injuries per year. The incidence rate was calculated to be 1.79 (CI, 1.67-1.92) major injuries per 1000 hours of surfing. The shoulder, ankle, and head/face regions had the highest frequencies of acute injury, representing 16.4%, 14.6%, and 13.3%, respectively. Injuries were predominantly of muscular, joint, and skin origin, representing 30.3%, 27.7%, and 18.9%, respectively. Skin injuries were primarily a result of direct trauma, while joint and muscular injuries were mainly a result of maneuvers performed and repetitive actions. Key risk factors that increased the incidence of sustaining an acute injury included competitive status, hours surfed (>6.5 hours/week), and the ability to perform aerial maneuvers. The incidence proportion for surfers completing aerial maneuvers was calculated to be 0.48 (CI, 0.39-0.58) major injuries per year, this being the highest incidence proportion irrespective of competitive status.


CONCLUSION
This is the largest surfing-specific survey that included both recreational and competitive surfers conducted in Australia to date. The shoulder, ankle, head, and face were identified as the key regions where acute injuries occur in surfers. This research may aid in reducing the occurrence of injury through musculoskeletal screening in these key injury-prone regions and through the use of sport-specific strength training and conditioning.
Cortical Processing of Odor Objects

Natural odors, generally composed of many monomolecular components, are analyzed by peripheral receptors into component features and translated into spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity in the olfactory bulb. Here, we will discuss the role of the olfactory cortex in the recognition, separation and completion of those odor-evoked patterns, and how these processes contribute to odor perception. Recent findings regarding the neural architecture, physiology, and plasticity of the olfactory cortex, principally the piriform cortex, will be described in the context of how this paleocortical structure creates odor objects.
Depression and pain among inpatients with spinal cord injury and spinal cord disease: differences in symptoms and neurological function.

PURPOSE
To examine the relationship between depression and pain severity during inpatient rehabilitation for those with new onset of spinal cord injury or spinal cord disease (SCI/D), along with patient characteristics, neurological function and etiology.


METHOD
This cross-sectional study reviewed medical records of 100 adults with SCI/D including their admission scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), a measure of depression, and pain ratings collected at admission and discharge.


RESULTS
Upon admission, 28% reported moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression and 69% reported pain. PHQ-9 scores were associated with pain only among those with the least severe impairments, for whom higher scores were associated with greater pain. While depression levels did not differ by etiology, those with traumatic injuries had higher pain ratings.


CONCLUSIONS
In general, depressive symptoms were not associated with pain severity in this sample. Etiology was associated with pain, those with traumatic SCI reporting more pain at admission. Among demographic characteristics, age was related to pain, with younger subjects reporting higher levels. These findings suggest that certain characteristics may predispose patients to pain and depression upon admission to rehabilitation. By determining who is at risk for these symptoms, clinicians can adopt treatments that prevent these from becoming chronic conditions.
Interpreting keyword queries over web knowledge bases

Many keyword queries issued to Web search engines target information about real world entities, and interpreting these queries over Web knowledge bases can often enable the search system to provide exact answers to queries. Equally important is the problem of detecting when the reference knowledge base is not capable of answering the keyword query, due to lack of domain coverage.
 In this work we present an approach to computing structured representations of keyword queries over a reference knowledge base. We mine frequent query structures from a Web query log and map these structures into a reference knowledge base. Our approach exploits coarse linguistic structure in keyword queries, and combines it with rich structured query representations of information needs.