LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Development of Comorbid Conduct Problems in Children With ADHD: An Example of an Integrative Developmental Psychopathology Perspective.

OBJECTIVE
We describe interactions among factors that contribute to the development of conduct problems among children with ADHD.


METHOD
An integrative developmental psychopathology analysis combines various approaches and posits one model of how diverse risk factors operate together to contribute to the development of conduct problems among children with ADHD.


RESULTS
Substantial genetic risk increases covariation between ADHD and conduct problems. Candidate genes are associated with CNS monoaminergic neurotransmission. Subsequent neurodevelopmental impairment interferes with executive function, with impaired verbal working memory playing an important role. Parent/child bi-directional influences exacerbate the risk for conduct problems when ADHD symptoms increase the likelihood of a coercive parenting style. Parent stress in reaction to child comorbid ADHD and conduct problems, and parent attribution for the child's conduct problem behavior, add to the potential for coercion and reduce constructive parent-child interaction that might otherwise enhance the development of verbal working memory.


CONCLUSION
In an integrated manner, these variables increase the risk that a child with ADHD will subsequently develop conduct problems.
Run-Time Support for Optimizations Based on Escape Analysis

The JavaTM programming language does not allow the programmer to influence memory management. An object is usually allocated on the heap and deallocated by the garbage collector when it is not referenced any longer. Under certain conditions, the virtual machine can allocate objects on the stack or eliminate their allocation via scalar replacement. However, even if the dynamic compiler guarantees that the conditions are fulfilled, the optimizations require support by the run-time environment. We implemented a new escape analysis algorithm for Sun Microsystems' Java HotSpotTM VM. The results are used to replace objects with scalar variables, to allocate objects on the stack, and to remove synchronization. This paper deals with the representation of optimized objects in the debugging information and with reallocation and garbage collection support for a safe execution of optimized methods. Assignments to fields of parameters that can refer to both stack and heap objects are associated with an extended write barrier which skips card marking for stack objects. The traversal of objects during garbage collection uses a wrapper that abstracts from stack objects and presents their pointer fields as root pointers to the garbage collector. When a previously compiled and currently executing method must be continued in the interpreter because dynamic class loading invalidates the machine code, execution is suspended and compiler optimizations are undone. Scalar-replaced objects are reallocated on the heap lazily when control returns to the invalidated method, whereas stack-allocated objects must be reallocated immediately before program execution resumes. After reallocation, objects for which synchronization was removed are relocked.
The Present State of the Problem of Silicenium Ions

The present state of the problem of the existence and chemical behaviour of silicenium ions in the gas and condensed phases is examined and the principles of a new (nuclear-chemical) method for the generation of free silicenium ions, its characteristic features, and its advantages are described. The bibliography includes 144 references.
Влияние информационной культуры на политическую социализацию молодежи

The information culture is considered in the article as an element of political socialization of young people in today’s information society. There are analyzed different aspects of media influence on the political socialization of young people, including manipulative technology in television.
Role-Based Access Control

This set of slides gives our definition for Role-Based Access Control, gives some historical background, and describes our current NIST RBAC projects. These projects include an NSA R23 sponsored project whose tasks include the development of an RBAC formal model and an implementation of RBAC on R23’s Mach microkernel-based distributed operating system called Synergy. This set of slides also gives the motivation for RBAC and the preferred environment of use. As opposed to other access control policies, RBAC actually models how an enterprise functionally allows access by those in various job positions to the objects that the enterprise owns, and RBAC greatly eases system administration. We show these principals in the model through our definitions for a role, role actions, role types, job positions, organization units, and resource sets, and by defining system administration actions. Also, in this set of slides the list of model components is given and various model properties are highlighted. These properties include the Role Type Inheritance property which shows how role types form a lattice and shows multiple inheritance of attributes, the Separation of Duty properties, and the Conflict of Interest properties, all of which are fundamental to our definition of Role-Based Access Control. Then, the state dependent, state independent, and state properties are listed as well as the final theorem that provides a proof for the properties. This set of slides also includes a description of the possible cooperative agreements that NIST can have with industry. Since RBAC is particularly suited for the non-classified environment, we here at NIST are very interest in forming alliances with industry to create a standard definition for RBAC and for furthering this work. Finally, the advantages of RBAC are summarized. Role-Based Access Control Janet Cugini, David Ferraiolo Security Division, Computer Systems Lab, NIST Building 224/A24, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 Phone: (301) 975-4524 Fax: (301) 926-2733 cugini@csmes.ncsl.nist.gov National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 2
The relationship of body mass and fat distribution with incident hypertension: observations from the Dallas Heart Study.

BACKGROUND
Obesity has been linked to the development of hypertension, but whether total adiposity or site-specific fat accumulation underpins this relationship is unclear.


OBJECTIVES
This study sought to determine the relationship between adipose tissue distribution and incident hypertension.


METHODS
Normotensive participants enrolled in the Dallas Heart Study were followed for a median of 7 years for the development of hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or initiation of blood pressure medications). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging and proton-spectroscopic imaging, and lower body fat (LBF) was imaged by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable relative risk regression was performed to test the association between individual fat depots and incident hypertension, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, diabetes, smoking, SBP, and body mass index (BMI).


RESULTS
Among 903 participants (median age, 40 years; 57% women; 60% nonwhite; median BMI 27.5 kg/m(2)), 230 (25%) developed incident hypertension. In multivariable analyses, higher BMI was significantly associated with incident hypertension (relative risk: 1.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.12 to 1.36, per 1-SD increase). However, when VAT, SAT, and LBF were added to the model, only VAT remained independently associated with incident hypertension (relative risk: 1.22; 95% confidence interval: 1.06 to 1.39, per 1-SD increase).


CONCLUSIONS
Increased visceral adiposity, but not total or subcutaneous adiposity, was robustly associated with incident hypertension. Additional studies will be needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind this association.
A Six-Axis Force Sensor with Parallel Support Mechanism to Measure the Ground Reaction Force of Humanoid Robot

This paper describes a design of six-axis force sensor that mesures ground reaction force of human or humanoid robot. The key concept is parallel support mechanisms that allow large torques and forces which are caused when foot is hitting to the environment. Basic concept and design of parallel support mechanisms are denoted. Finally ground reaction force measurement system for human walking, and application to humanoid robot walking are described.
Survey on Chatbot Design Techniques in Speech Conversation Systems

Human-Computer Speech is gaining momentum as a technique of computer interaction. There has been a recent upsurge in speech based search engines and assistants such as Siri, Google Chrome and Cortana. Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques such as NLTK for Python can be applied to analyse speech, and intelligent responses can be found by designing an engine to provide appropriate human like responses. This type of programme is called a Chatbot, which is the focus of this study. This paper presents a survey on the techniques used to design Chatbots and a comparison is made between different design techniques from nine carefully selected papers according to the main methods adopted. These papers are representative of the significant improvements in Chatbots in the last decade. The paper discusses the similarities and differences in the techniques and examines in particular the Loebner prizewinning Chatbots. Keywords—AIML; Chatbot; Loebner Prize; NLP; NLTK; SQL; Turing Test
Profiling Student Learning Styles with Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks

Student profiling is central to the move from 'one size fits all' computer-aided learning systems to intelligent tutoring systems which adapt to meet the needs of different students. This paper proposes a new method for profiling student learning styles for a conversational intelligent tutoring system (CITS) which utilizes a Mulitlayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN). Throughout an automated conversational tutorial with a CITS, aspects of student behaviour are dynamically captured and input to a Learning Styles Predictor agent to profile an individual's learning style. The proposed method will incorporate a MLP-ANN to combine a set of behaviour traits extracted from the tutoring conversation to improve the accuracy of the learning styles prediction. The paper describes experiments conducted with real students in a live teaching/learning environment for profiling two Felder and Silverman learning styles dimensions. The results show that MLP-ANNs can predict learning styles with an accuracy of 84-89%.
Cross-sectional study of vitamin D levels, immunologic and virologic outcomes in HIV-infected adults.

CONTEXT
Vitamin D is increasingly recognized as an important immunomodulator. Lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) are observed in persons living with HIV.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of 25(OH)D, and 1,25(OH)2D to HIV viral load, and CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected adults.


DESIGN
This was a cross-sectional study completed between January 2010 and April 2011.


SETTING
This study was conducted with volunteers who received HIV care in Wisconsin at either a University-based HIV clinic or an urban community HIV clinic.


PATIENTS
One hundred twelve adults with HIV infection participated in this study.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome for this study was the relationship between 1,25(OH)2D and HIV viral load. Secondary outcomes included relationships between 25(OH)D and HIV viral load, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D to CD4+ T cells, and predictors of vitamin D deficiency.


RESULTS
The 112 volunteers included 24 women and 3 transgender individuals; 68% were from the university clinic, and 32% were from the urban clinic. Mean age was 44.2 years. The mean 25(OH)D level was 22.5 ng/mL; mean 1,25(OH)2D level was 23.5 pg/mL. Twenty-two percent had 25(OH)D ≤10 ng/mL; 53% had values <20 ng/mL, and 73% were ≤30 ng/mL. There was no association between vitamin D and CD4. A nonlinear relationship between viral load and 1,25(OH)2D was found. For 1,25(OH)2D below 32 pg/mL, for each 10 pg/mL decrease in 1,25(OH)2D, (log10) viral load increased by 0.84 (95% CI: 0.16-1.51, P = .015). For 1,25(OH)2D above 32 pg/mL, for each 10 pg/mL increase in 1,25(OH)2D, (log10) viral load increased by 0.36 (95% CI: 0.15-0.57, P = .0009).


CONCLUSION
Vitamin D deficiency was common in this HIV population, as seen in other HIV cohorts. A novel, U-shaped relationship between 1,25(OH)2D and viral load, with the lowest and highest 1,25(OH)2D levels seen with high viral loads, was found and deserves further study.
A smartphone based ophthalmoscope

A low-cost alternative to the direct ophthalmoscope, a simple optical adapter for a smartphone, is described. It can overcome many of the technical challenges of fundoscopy, providing a high-resolution view of the retina through an un-dilated pupil. This can be used in locations with limited diagnostic resources to detect conditions such as glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Comparison of optic nerve images from commercial retinal screening cameras with the smartphone adapter demonstrates strong evidence for no difference in performance in glaucomatous disc grading (p=0.98, paired student t test, n=300).
Adaptive dynamics with vector-valued strategies

Question: We examine strategy dynamics for evolutionary games with vector-valued strategies. Mathematical methods: We use the fitness-generating function (G-function) to derive ESS maximum principle and strategy dynamics along multi-dimensional adaptive landscapes. We apply the dynamics to two models of co-evolution of competitors and one model of predator–prey co-evolution. Results: When several traits evolve simultaneously (vector-valued strategies), a trait changes according to the product of each trait’s fitness gradient and the matrix of covariances between the trait and the other traits. Only when these covariance terms are small does each trait in the strategy vector change in the direction of that trait’s fitness gradient, similar to the scalar case. In the models, convergent stable points may be minima, maxima or saddle points. And the ESS may ultimately contain one, two or many species at distinct peaks of the adaptive landscape. The predator–prey model illustrates how the ESS strategy for the predator can result in an ESS for the prey that allows for any number of prey species to exist along a (flat) rim of a crater in the prey’s adaptive landscape. Key conclusions: In going from a scalar to a vector-valued strategy, the adaptive dynamics become more complicated with respect to fitness gradients, the bestiary associated with convergent stable points increases, the avenues for adaptive speciation and achieving an ESS increase, and the number of non-ESS species that can co-exist ecologically increases. By increasing the dimensionality of the adaptive surface, vector-valued strategies increase the opportunity for frequency-dependent selection to produce the number of species and the appropriate trait combinations for an ESS.
Low-Harmonic-Contents and High-Efficiency Class E Full-Wave Current-Driven Rectifier for Megahertz Wireless Power Transfer Systems

Wireless power transfer (WPT) working at megahertz (MHz) is now being widely considered a promising candidate for the midrange transfer of a medium amount of power. Efforts have been made to build high-efficiency MHz WPT systems via both component- and system-level approaches. However, so far there have been few discussions on high-frequency rectifier for MHz WPT applications. The soft-switching-based rectifiers, such as the Class E rectifiers, are one of the promising candidates for MHz rectification. This paper investigates the application of a Class E full-wave current-driven rectifier, for the first time, in WPT systems. A procedure is also developed to optimize the design of the rectifier and the MHz WPT system. For comparison purposes, the performances of both the Class E rectifier and the conventional full-bridge rectifier are investigated in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD), efficiency, power factor, voltage/current stresses, and voltage/current transfer functions, when being applied in an example 6.78-MHz WPT system. The simulation and experimental results show that the input voltage THD of the Class E full-wave rectifier is reduced to one-fourth of the THD of the full-bridge rectifier. In the optimally designed MHz WPT system, efficiencies of both the rectification (over 91%) and the overall system (around 80%) are obviously improved compared to the system using the conventional full-bridge rectifier.
Balunless Microstrip to Waveguide Transition for X Band

A novel MIC/MMIC compatible microstrip to waveguide transition for X band is presented. The transition has realized on novel low cost substrate and its main features are: wideband operation, low insertion loss and feeding without a balun directly by the microstrip line.
Patterns of use of medical cannabis among Israeli cancer patients: a single institution experience.

CONTEXT
The use of the cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa L.) for the palliative treatment of cancer patients has been legalized in multiple jurisdictions including Israel. Yet, not much is currently known regarding the efficacy and patterns of use of cannabis in this setting.


OBJECTIVES
To analyze the indications for the administration of cannabis among adult Israeli cancer patients and evaluate its efficacy.


METHODS
Efficacy and patterns of use of cannabis were evaluated using physician-completed application forms, medical files, and a detailed questionnaire in adult cancer patients treated at a single institution.


RESULTS
Of approximately 17,000 cancer patients seen, 279 (<1.7%) received a permit for cannabis from an authorized institutional oncologist. The median age of cannabis users was 60 years (range 19-93 years), 160 (57%) were female, and 234 (84%) had metastatic disease. Of 151 (54%) patients alive at six months, 70 (46%) renewed their cannabis permit. Renewal was more common among younger patients and those with metastatic disease. Of 113 patients alive and using cannabis at one month, 69 (61%) responded to the detailed questionnaire. Improvement in pain, general well-being, appetite, and nausea were reported by 70%, 70%, 60%, and 50%, respectively. Side effects were mild and consisted mostly of fatigue and dizziness.


CONCLUSION
Cannabis use is perceived as highly effective by some patients with advanced cancer and its administration can be regulated, even by local authorities. Additional studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of cannabis as part of the palliative treatment of cancer patients.
AdaNet: Adaptive Structural Learning of Artificial Neural Networks

We present a new theoretical framework for analyzing and learning artificial neural networks. Our approach simultaneously and adaptively learns both the structure of the network as well as its weights. The methodology is based upon and accompanied by strong data-dependent theoretical learning guarantees, so that the final network architecture provably adapts to the complexity of any given problem.
Optimal Proposal Distributions and Adaptive MCMC

We review recent work concerning optimal proposal scalings for Metropolis-Hastings MCMC algorithms, and adaptive MCMC algorithms for trying to improve the algorithm on the fly.
An assessment towards adoption and diffusion of smart wearable technologies by consumers: the cases of smart watch and fitness wristband products

Technology is the vital criteria to boosting the quality of life for everyone from new-borns to senior citizens. Thus, any technology to enhance the quality of life society has a value that is priceless. Nowadays Smart Wearable Technology (SWTs) innovation has been coming up to different sectors and is gaining momentum to be implemented in everyday objects. The successful adoption of SWTs by consumers will allow the production of new generations of innovative and high value-added products. The study attempts to predict the dynamics that play a role in the process through which consumers accept wearable technology. The research build an integrated model based on UTAUT2 and some external variables in order to investigate the direct and moderating effects of human expectation and behaviour on the awareness and adoption of smart products such as watch and wristband fitness. Survey will be chosen in order to test our model based on consumers. In addition, our study focus on different rate of adoption and expectation differences between early adopters and early majority in order to explore those differences and propose techniques to successfully cross the chasm between these two groups according to “Chasm theory”. For this aim and due to lack of prior research, Semi-structured focus groups will be used to obtain qualitative data for our research. Originality/value: To date, a few research exists addressing the adoption of smart wearable technologies. Therefore, the examination of consumers behaviour towards SWTs may provide orientations into the future that are useful for managers who can monitor how consumers make choices, how manufacturers should design successful market strategies, and how regulators can proscribe manipulative behaviour in this industry.
Cross-cultural studies of personality traits and their relevance to psychiatry.

AIMS
This article provides a brief review of recent cross-cultural research on personality traits at both individual and culture levels, highlighting the relevance of recent findings for psychiatry.


METHOD
In most cultures around the world, personality traits can be clearly summarized by the five broad dimensions of the Five-Factor Model (FFM), which makes it feasible to compare cultures on personality and psychopathology.


RESULTS
Maturational patterns and sex differences in personality traits generally show cultural invariance, which generates the hypothesis that age of onset, clinical evolution, and sex differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders might follow similar universal patterns. The average personality profiles from 51 cultures show meaningful geographical distributions and associations with culture-level variables, but are clearly unrelated to national character stereotypes.


CONCLUSIONS
Aggregate personality scores can potentially be related to epidemiological data on psychiatric disorders, and dimensional personality models have implications for psychiatric diagnosis and treatment around the world.