LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Engineering Drawings: State of the Art and Challenges

A b s t r a c t . In this paper, we analyze the state of the art in interpretation of engineering drawings, both from a methodological point of view and from the perspective of the applications. We try to emphasize where techniques are mature, where they need further maturing, and where we still have open challenges. Special attention is given to the progress in the last two years, i.e. to the evolution in the field since GREC'95.
Process Mining for Clinical Processes: A Comparative Analysis of Four Australian Hospitals

Business process analysis and process mining, particularly within the health care domain, remain under-utilized. Applied research that employs such techniques to routinely collected health care data enables stakeholders to empirically investigate care as it is delivered by different health providers. However, cross-organizational mining and the comparative analysis of processes present a set of unique challenges in terms of ensuring population and activity comparability, visualizing the mined models, and interpreting the results. Without addressing these issues, health providers will find it difficult to use process mining insights, and the potential benefits of evidence-based process improvement within health will remain unrealized. In this article, we present a brief introduction on the nature of health care processes, a review of process mining in health literature, and a case study conducted to explore and learn how health care data and cross-organizational comparisons with process-mining techniques may be approached. The case study applies process-mining techniques to administrative and clinical data for patients who present with chest pain symptoms at one of four public hospitals in South Australia. We demonstrate an approach that provides detailed insights into clinical (quality of patient health) and fiscal (hospital budget) pressures in the delivery of health care. We conclude by discussing the key lessons learned from our experience in conducting business process analysis and process mining based on the data from four different hospitals.
Abnormal intra-parotid origin of the facial artery.

T facial artery generally arises from the external carotid artery, just above the lingual artery, at the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone in the carotid triangle. It then passes upwards and forwards medial to the ramus of the mandible. It passes deep to the superficial part of the submandibular salivary gland, and winds around the base of the mandible to enter the face at anteroinferior angle of the masseter muscle. The artery gives ascending palatine, tonsillar, and submental and glandular branches in the neck. During routine dissection, variation in the origin and branching of the left facial artery was found in an approximately 50-year-old male cadaver. The facial artery took its origin inside the parotid gland, just behind the ramus of the mandible. Then it descended downwards and forwards in the digastric triangle parallel to the base of the mandible (Figure 1). It did not make any loop around the submandibular salivary gland. It gave a large inferior labial branch, just below the base of the mandible. The inferior labial branch, and the facial artery ascended to the face at anteroinferior angle of the masseter muscle. Further course and branching of the facial artery was normal. Although the facial artery shows considerable variations in its branches and termination, the variations in its origin are rare. The facial artery may be totally absent, in which case, the maxillary artery, transverse facial artery, or the nasal branch of the ophthalmic artery will take over its function.1-3 The facial artery may arise by a common trunk with the lingual as a linguofacial trunk.3 Bergman et al3 have recorded several variations of the facial artery. According to them, the facial artery is frequently rudimentary. It may terminate as a submental artery, or as a labial, or lateral nasal artery. Unusual branches of the facial include an ascending pharyngeal, superior laryngeal, tonsillar, sternocleidomastoid, maxillary, or sublingual.3 The facial arteries inferior and superior labial branches, are sometimes poorly developed or absent, in which case, they are replaced by the contralateral vessel, which is usually enlarged. In a study conducted by Niranjan,4 the facial artery terminated as an angular facial artery in 68% of cases, a lateral nasal vessel in 26% of cases, and a superior labial vessel in 4% of cases. Intra-parotid origin of the facial artery can cause unexpected bleeding during parotid surgeries. It can also cause compression of the branches of the facial nerve. However, the origin of inferior labial branch in the digastric triangle has not been reported. The knowledge of this may be very useful for the plastic surgeons.
Efficient Data Distribution in a Web Server Farm

A novel locking protocol maintains data consistency in distributed and clustered file systems that are used as scalable infrastructure for Web server farms. H igh-performance Web sites rely on Web server " farms " —hundreds of computers serving the same content—for scalability, reliability, and low-latency access to Internet content. Deploying these scalable farms typically requires the power of distributed or clustered file systems. Building Web server farms on file systems complements hierarchical proxy caching. 1 Proxy caching replicates Web content throughout the Internet, thereby reducing latency from network delays and off-loading traffic from the primary servers. Web server farms scale resources at a single site, reducing latency from queuing delays. Both technologies are essential when building a high-performance infrastructure for content delivery. In this article, we present a cache consistency model and locking protocol cus-tomized for file systems that are used as scalable infrastructure for Web server farms. The protocol takes advantage of the Web's relaxed consistency semantics to reduce latencies and network overhead. Our hybrid approach preserves strong consistency for concurrent write sharing with time-based consistency and push caching for readers (Web servers). Using simulation, we compare our approach to the Andrew file system and the sequential consistency file system protocols we propose to replace. File system design carries assumptions about workloads and application consistency needs that, when applied to Web serving, lead to inferior performance. File system designers assume that data are shared infrequently and that such data require strong (sequential) consistency. 2 Consistency describes how processors in a parallel or distributed system view shared data; the sidebar on related work in data consistency presents examples. For Web serving, data are widely shared among many servers, as Figure 1 shows, and strong consistency guarantees 56 JULY • AUGUST 2001 Scalable Internet Services are irrelevant because they cannot be passed on to users (or applications) at the Web browser. The hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) provides little consistency, and any guarantees the file system provides are lost in transit. System designers can trade consistency for performance in middleware, databases, and Internet applications, 3 and likewise in file systems. We introduce a hybrid approach to enhance file system consistency for Web serving. The publish consistency model applies to data views that are stable during a given file's open/close session. This model relaxes semantics, permitting data to be read and written asynchronously, in parallel. We implement publish consistency in the producer/consumer locking …
Interpreting differences in quality of life: The FACT-H&N in laryngeal cancer patients

Quality of life (QOL) scores can be difficult to interpret, because small statistically significant differences can be clinically unimportant. Our goal was to estimate the magnitude of difference in QOL that is noticeable to patients. Methods: Laryngeal cancer patients (n = 98, male = 83%, mean age = 65) completed a QOL questionnaire, FACT-H&N. Paired participants rated their own QOL as compared to each other. We estimated the smallest difference in QOL score that was associated with a noticeable difference in patients' subjective ratings. Results: Differences in FACT-H&N score were somewhat correlated with patients' ratings of their well-being relative to other patients (r= 0.195, p < 0.0001). The FACT-H&N score had to differ by 6.22 for patients to rate themselves as ‘a little bit better’ relative to other patients (95% CI: 1.42–11.02), and by 12.40 for patients to rate themselves as ‘a little bit worse’ relative to others (95% CI: 5.09–19.71). Results were consistent regardless of patient age, gender or laryngeal subsite but were imperfect predictors of individual judgements. Conclusion: The minimal important difference for the FACT-H&N score is about 6–12 units, but laryngeal cancer survivors may be more sensitive to gains than losses.
The determinants of crowdfunding success: A semantic text analytics approach

In the era of the Social Web, crowdfunding has become an increasingly more important channel for entrepreneurs to raise funds from the crowd to support their startup projects. Previous studies examined various factors such as project goals, project durations, and categories of projects that might influence the outcomes of the fund raising campaigns. However, textual information of projects has rarely been studied for analyzing crowdfunding successes. The main contribution of our research work is the design of a novel text analytics-based framework that can extract latent semantics from the textual descriptions of projects to predict the fund raising outcomes of these projects. More specifically, we develop the Domain-Constraint Latent Dirichlet Allocation (DC-LDA) topic model for effective extraction of topical features from texts. Based on two real-world crowdfunding datasets, our experimental results reveal that the proposed framework outperforms a classical LDA-based method in predicting fund raising success by an average of 11% in terms of F1 score. The managerial implication of our research is that entrepreneurs can apply the proposed methodology to identify the most influential topical features embedded in project descriptions, Corresponding author at: School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P.R. China. Email address: hui.yuan@my.cityu.edu.hk (H. Yuan), raylau@cityu.edu.hk (R.Y.K. Lau), weixu@ruc.edu.cn (W. Xu) AC C EP TE D M AN U SC R IP T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 and hence to better promote their projects and improving the chance of raising sufficient funds for their projects.
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) and Lequesne osteoarthritis indices for clinical research.

OBJECTIVE
Our aims were to translate WOMAC and Lequesne osteoarthritis (OA) indices into Korean (KWOMAC, KLequesne) and confirm their reliability, validity, and responsiveness.


DESIGN
The WOMAC and Lequesne indices were translated into Korean by three translators and translated back into English by three different translators. Fifty consecutive patients with OA were asked to rate the comprehensibility of the questions on a 4-point scale. The comprehensibility (responding with 'good' and 'very good') ranged from 78% to 99%. Test-retest was performed in another 47 patients with knee OA. The final 53 patients with knee OA, within the context of a clinical trial of two non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs for 4 weeks, were studied to assess the internal consistency, construct validity, and responsiveness of the Korean versions.


RESULTS
The test-retest reliability of the KWOMAC 3 subscales and the KLequesne yielded intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.79-0.89 and 0.87. The Cronbach standardized alphas were 0.81-0.96 and 0.75, respectively. For the construct validity, the correlation coefficients of both the KWOMAC subscales and the KLequesne with patient pain assessment and patient global assessment were between 0.30 and 0.70 and the KWOMAC subscales correlated with the KLequesne (0.41-0.55). For responsiveness, the KWOMAC and KLequesne scores significantly improved by 4-week post-treatment compared with pre-treatment; effect size values were between 0.41 and 0.69 for the KWOMAC subscales and 0.70 for the KLequesne; and the relative efficiency values of the KWOMAC subscales vs the KLequesne were between 0.87 and 0.90.


CONCLUSIONS
The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the KWOMAC and the KLequesne are confirmed.
Atmospheric discharge and dispersion of radionuclides during the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Part II: verification of the source term and analysis of regional-scale atmospheric dispersion.

Regional-scale atmospheric dispersion simulations were carried out to verify the source term of (131)I and (137)Cs estimated in our previous studies, and to analyze the atmospheric dispersion and surface deposition during the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. The accuracy of the source term was evaluated by comparing the simulation results with measurements of daily and monthly surface depositions (fallout) over land in eastern Japan from March 12 to April 30, 2011. The source term was refined using observed air concentrations of radionuclides for periods when there were significant discrepancies between the calculated and measured daily surface deposition, and when environmental monitoring data, which had not been used in our previous studies, were now available. The daily surface deposition using the refined source term was predicted mostly to within a factor of 10, and without any apparent bias. Considering the errors in the model prediction, the estimated source term is reasonably accurate during the period when the plume flowed over land in Japan. The analysis of regional-scale atmospheric dispersion and deposition suggests that the present distribution of a large amount of (137)Cs deposition in eastern Japan was produced primarily by four events that occurred on March 12, 15-16, 20, and 21-23. The ratio of wet deposition to the total varied widely depending on the influence by the particular event.
Classification algorithm in Data mining : An Overview

Data Mining is a technique used in various domains to give meaning to the available data Classification is a data mining (machine learning) technique used to predict group membership for data instances. In this paper, we present the basic classification techniques. Several major kinds of classification method including decision tree, Bayesian networks, k-nearest neighbour classifier, Neural Network, Support vector machine. The goal of this paper is to provide a review of different classification techniques in data mining. Keywords— Data mining, classification, Supper vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbour (KNN), Decision Tree.
Characteristics of clear cell ovarian cancer arising from endometriosis: a two center cohort study.

OBJECTIVE
Endometrioid and clear cell ovarian tumors have been referred to as "endometriosis associated ovarian cancers". However, very few studies have compared clinical and prognostic features of endometriosis-associated cancers or cancers not associated with endometriosis according to specific histotypes. We have investigated clinical and histological features of the largest published series of clear cell ovarian cancers arising in endometriosis using a retrospective database.


METHODS
Seventy three patients with a primary diagnosis of either pure clear cell ovarian cancer and mixed endometrioid-clear cell ovarian cancer have been divided into two groups according to the detection of cancer strictly arising from ovarian endometriosis or not (n=27 and n=46, respectively). Clinical and pathological data have been compared.


RESULTS
Patients with clear cell carcinomas arising from endometriosis tend to be significantly younger (51.4±10.0 and 58.4±11.2years, p=0.02). FIGO stage, laterality, prevalence of pure versus mixed histology, and presence of synchronous endometrial carcinoma were not significantly different between the two groups. Unilateral ovarian involvement was more frequent in cases arising in endometriosis (85% vs 63%, p=0.04). Ascites was not found in any of the endometriosis-associated cancer cases vs 19.5% in patients without endometriosis. The presence of endometriosis did not affect 5-year overall survival rates.


CONCLUSIONS
Endometriosis per se does not appear to be associated with a lower stage tumor or to predict prognosis in ovarian clear cell cancers. Unilateral involvement and reduced presence of ascites may be linked to the cystic nature of endometriosis which frequently presents as monolateral and in which associated tumors are more likely to be longer confined to the ovary before spreading.
A failure of sleep-dependent procedural learning in chronic, medicated schizophrenia

BACKGROUND
Schizophrenia patients have difficulty mastering even rote procedural tasks in rehabilitation settings. Although most studies demonstrate intact procedural learning in schizophrenia, recent findings demonstrate that a critical component of procedural learning is dependent on sleep. This study tested the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia have a deficit in sleep-dependent procedural learning.


METHODS
Using a simple, well-characterized test of motor skill learning, the finger tapping motor sequence task (MST), 26 patients with chronic, medicated schizophrenia and 14 demographically matched healthy control subjects were tested on two occasions, 24 hours apart. The main outcome measures were learning of the MST on day 1 (practice-dependent learning) and overnight, sleep-dependent improvement in performance.


RESULTS
Although schizophrenia patients and control subjects did not differ in practice-dependent learning, patients failed to show overnight improvement (4% deterioration) and differed significantly from control subjects who showed a significant 11% improvement.


CONCLUSIONS
We present here the first demonstration of a failure of sleep-dependent consolidation of procedural learning in chronic, medicated schizophrenia. This deficit occurred in the context of normal practice-dependent learning within a training session. This behavioral dissociation is consistent with evidence that practice- and sleep-dependent motor learning reflect independent processes and suggests that they are differentially affected in schizophrenia.
A model of adoption determinants of ERP within T-O-E framework

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to attempts to provide further insight into IS adoption by investigating how 12 factors within the technology-organization-environment framework explain smalland medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) adoption of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. Design/methodology/approach – The approach for data collection was questionnaire survey involving executives of SMEs drawn from six fast service enterprises with strong operations in Port Harcourt. The mode of sampling was purposive and snow ball and analysis involves logistic regression test; the likelihood ratios, Hosmer and Lemeshow’s goodness of fit, and Nagelkerke’s R provided the necessary lenses. Findings – The 12 hypothesized relationships were supported with each factor differing in its statistical coefficient and some bearing negative values. ICT infrastructures, technical know-how, perceived compatibility, perceived values, security, and firm’s size were found statistically significant adoption determinants. Although, scope of business operations, trading partners’ readiness, demographic composition, subjective norms, external supports, and competitive pressures were equally critical but their negative coefficients suggest they pose less of an obstacle to adopters than to non-adopters. Thus, adoption of ERP by SMEs is more driven by technological factors than by organizational and environmental factors. Research limitations/implications – The study is limited by its scope of data collection and phases, therefore extended data are needed to apply the findings to other sectors/industries and to factor in the implementation and post-adoption phases in order to forge a more integrated and holistic adoption framework. Practical implications – The model may be used by IS vendors to make investment decisions, to meet customers’ needs, and to craft informed marketing programs that would appeal to actual and potential adopters and cause them to progress in the customer loyalty ladder. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the growing research on IS innovations’ adoption by using factors within the T-O-E framework to explains SMEs’ adoption of ERP.
Treatment of uterine prolapse stage 2 or higher: a randomized multicenter trial comparing sacrospinous fixation with vaginal hysterectomy (SAVE U trial)

BACKGROUND
Pelvic organ prolapse is a common health problem, affecting up to 40% of parous women over 50 years old, with significant negative influence on quality of life. Vaginal hysterectomy is currently the leading treatment method for patients with symptomatic uterine prolapse. Several studies have shown that sacrospinous fixation in case of uterine prolapse is a safe and effective alternative to vaginal hysterectomy. However, no large randomized trials with long-term follow-up have been performed to compare efficacy and quality of life between both techniques.The SAVE U trial is designed to compare sacrospinous fixation with vaginal hysterectomy in the treatment of uterine prolapse stage 2 or higher in terms of prolapse recurrence, quality of life, complications, hospital stay, post-operative recovery and sexual functioning.


METHODS/DESIGN
The SAVE U trial is a randomized controlled multi-center non-inferiority trial. The study compares sacrospinous fixation with vaginal hysterectomy in women with uterine prolapse stage 2 or higher. The primary outcome measure is recurrence of uterine prolapse defined as: uterine descent stage 2 or more assessed by pelvic organ prolapse quantification examination and prolapse complaints and/or redo surgery at 12 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes are subjective improvement in quality of life measured by generic (Short Form 36 and Euroqol 5D) and disease-specific (Urogenital Distress Inventory, Defecatory Distress Inventory and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire) quality of life instruments, complications following surgery, hospital stay, post-operative recovery and sexual functioning (Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire). Analysis will be performed according to the intention to treat principle. Based on comparable recurrence rates of 3% and considering an upper-limit of 7% to be non-inferior (beta 0.2 and one sided alpha 0.025), 104 patients are needed per group.


DISCUSSION
The SAVE U trial is a randomized multicenter trial that will provide evidence whether the efficacy of sacrospinous fixation is similar to vaginal hysterectomy in women with uterine prolapse stage 2 or higher.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Netherlands Trial Register (NTR): NTR1866.