LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Routing a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles

In the well-known Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), a set of identical vehicles, based at a central depot, is to be optimally routed to supply customers with known demands subject to vehicle capacity constraints. An important variant of the VRP arises when a fleet of vehicles characterized by different capacities and costs, is available for distribution activities. The problem is known as the Mixed Fleet VRP or as the Heterogeneous Fleet VRP. This paper gives an overview of approaches from the literature to solve heterogeneous VRPs. In particular, we classify the different variants described in the literature and, as no exact algorithm has been presented for any variants of heterogeneous VRP, we review the lower bounds and the heuristic algorithms proposed. Computational results, comparing the performance of the different heuristic algorithms on benchmark instances, are also discussed.
ANALYTICS ON BIG FAST DATA USING REAL TIME STREAM DATA PROCESSING ARCHITECTURE

Disclaimer: The views, processes, or methodologies published in this article are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect EMC Corporation's views, processes, or methodologies.
The 12-month safety profile of dexlansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor with a dual delayed release formulation, in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

BACKGROUND
Dexlansoprazole MR is a Dual Delayed Release formulation of dexlansoprazole, an enantiomer of lansoprazole, designed to extend the duration of acid suppression.


AIM
To assess the 12-month safety of dexlansoprazole MR in patients with symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).


METHODS
In this randomised open-label study, patients received dexlansoprazole MR 60 or 90 mg once-daily for 12 months. Safety was evaluated at months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12/final visit through physical examinations, laboratory evaluations, endoscopies, gastric biopsies, fasting serum gastrin values and adverse events (AEs).


RESULTS
Of 591 patients receiving dexlansoprazole MR 60 and 90 mg, 71% and 65%, respectively, experienced ≥1 treatment-emergent AE; the most frequent AE was upper respiratory infection (14% and 13% in the 60- and 90-mg groups). Thirty patients experienced ≥1 serious AE; a majority of serious AEs were unrelated to study drug. No clinically meaningful change in any clinical laboratory parameters was noted. As expected, serum gastrin values rose with dexlansoprazole therapy; increases were not dose related. No clinically concerning trends were identified in gastric pathology results; no endocrine cell hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma, or lymphoma were observed.


CONCLUSIONS
Twelve-month treatment with dexlansoprazole MR 60 and 90 mg was well tolerated by GERD patients in this study (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00255190).
Effect of lateral offset center of rotation in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a biomechanical study.

BACKGROUND
Lateral offset center of rotation (COR) reduces the incidence of scapular notching and potentially increases external rotation range of motion (ROM) after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). The purpose of this study was to determine the biomechanical effects of changing COR on abduction and external rotation ROM, deltoid abduction force, and joint stability.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A biomechanical shoulder simulator tested cadaveric shoulders before and after rTSA. Spacers shifted the COR laterally from baseline rTSA by 5, 10, and 15 mm. Outcome measures of resting abduction and external rotation ROM, and abduction and dislocation (lateral and anterior) forces were recorded.


RESULTS
Resting abduction increased 20° vs native shoulders and was unaffected by COR lateralization. External rotation decreased after rTSA and was unaffected by COR lateralization. The deltoid force required for abduction significantly decreased 25% from native to baseline rTSA. COR lateralization progressively eliminated this mechanical advantage. Lateral dislocation required significantly less force than anterior dislocation after rTSA, and both dislocation forces increased with lateralization of the COR.


CONCLUSION
COR lateralization had no influence on ROM (adduction or external rotation) but significantly increased abduction and dislocation forces. This suggests the lower incidence of scapular notching may not be related to the amount of adduction deficit after lateral offset rTSA but may arise from limited impingement of the humeral component on the lateral scapula due to a change in joint geometry. Lateralization provides the benefit of increased joint stability, but at the cost of increasing deltoid abduction forces.
A Community Jury on PSA screening: what do well-informed men want the government to do about prostate cancer screening—a qualitative analysis

OBJECTIVE
Cancer screening policies and programmes should take account of public values and concerns. This study sought to determine the priorities, values and concerns of men who were 'fully informed' about the benefits and harms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening; and empirically examine the value of a community jury in eliciting public values on PSA screening.


SETTING
Community jury was convened on the Gold Coast, Queensland (Australia) to consider PSA screening benefits and harms, and whether government campaigns on PSA screening should be conducted.


PARTICIPANTS
27 men (volunteers) aged 50-70 with no personal history of prostate cancer and willing to attend jury 6-7 April 2013: 12 were randomly allocated to jury (11 attended).


OUTCOME MEASURES
A qualitative analysis was conducted of the jury deliberations (audio-recorded and transcribed) to elicit the jury's views and recommendations. A survey determined the impact of the jury process on participants' individual testing decisions compared with control group.


RESULTS
The jury concluded governments should not invest in programmes focused on PSA screening directed at the public because the PSA test did not offer sufficient reassurance or benefit and could raise unnecessary alarm. It recommended an alternative programme to support general practitioners to provide patients with better quality and more consistent information about PSA screening. After the jury, participants were less likely to be tested in the future compared with the controls, but around half said they would still consider doing so.


CONCLUSIONS
The jury's unanimous verdict about government programmes was notable in the light of their divergent views on whether or not they would be screened themselves in the future. Community juries provide valuable insights into the priorities and concerns of men weighing up the benefits and harms of PSA screening. It will be important to assess the degree to which the findings are generalisable to other settings.
UniBench: A Benchmark for Multi-model Database Management Systems

Unlike traditional database management systems which are organized around a single data model, a multi-model database (MMDB) utilizes a single, integrated back-end to support multiple data models, such as document, graph, relational, and key-value. As more and more platforms are proposed to deal with multi-model data, it becomes crucial to establish a benchmark for evaluating the performance and usability of MMDBs. Previous benchmarks, however, are inadequate for such scenario because they lack a comprehensive consideration for multiple models of data. In this paper, we present a benchmark, called UniBench, with the goal of facilitating a holistic and rigorous evaluation of MMDBs. UniBench consists of a mixed data model, a synthetic multi-model data generator, and a set of core workloads. Specifically, the data model simulates an emerging application: Social Commerce, a Web-based application combining E-commerce and social media. The data generator provides diverse data format including JSON, XML, key-value, tabular, and graph. The workloads are comprised of a set of multi-model queries and transactions, aiming to cover essential aspects of multi-model data management. We implemented all workloads on ArangoDB and OrientDB to illustrate the feasibility of our proposed benchmarking system and show the learned lessons through the evaluation of these two multi-model databases. The source code and data of this benchmark can be downloaded at http://udbms.cs.helsinki.fi/bench/.
Metabolomic profile of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway identifies the central role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in clear cell-renal cell carcinoma

The analysis of cancer metabolome has shown that proliferating tumor cells require a large quantities of different nutrients in order to support their high rate of proliferation. In this study we analyzed the metabolic profile of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in human clear cell-renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and evaluate the role of these pathways in sustaining cell proliferation, maintenance of NADPH levels, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Metabolomic analysis showed a clear signature of increased glucose uptake and utilization in ccRCC tumor samples. Elevated levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in association with higher levels of PPP-derived metabolites, suggested a prominent role of this pathway in RCC-associated metabolic alterations. G6PDH inhibition, caused a significant decrease in cancer cell survival, a decrease in NADPH levels, and an increased production of ROS, suggesting that the PPP plays an important role in the regulation of ccRCC redox homeostasis. Patients with high levels of glycolytic enzymes had reduced progression-free and cancer-specific survivals as compared to subjects with low levels. Our data suggest that oncogenic signaling pathways may promote ccRCC through rerouting the sugar metabolism. Blocking the flux through this pathway may serve as a novel therapeutic target.
CATERPILLAR: A Business Process Execution Engine on the Ethereum Blockchain

Correspondence Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Juhan Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia Email: orlenyslp@ut.ee Summary Blockchain platforms, such as Ethereum, allow a set of actors to maintain a ledger of transactions without relying on a central authority and to deploy scripts, called smart contracts, that are executedwhenever certain transactions occur. These features can be used as basic building blocks for executing collaborative business processes between mutually untrusting parties. However, implementing business processes using the low-level primitives provided by blockchain platforms is cumbersome and error-prone. In contrast, established business process management systems, such as those based on the standard Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), provide convenient abstractions for rapid development of process-oriented applications. This article demonstrates how to combine the advantages of a business process management system with those of a blockchain platform. The article introduces a blockchain-based BPMN execution engine, namely Caterpillar. Like any BPMN execution engine, Caterpillar supports the creation of instances of a process model and allows users to monitor the state of process instances and to execute tasks thereof. The specificity of Caterpillar is that the state of each process instance is maintained on the (Ethereum) blockchain and the workflow routing is performed by smart contracts generated by a BPMN-to-Solidity compiler. The Caterpillar compiler supports a large array of BPMN constructs, including subprocesses, multi-instances activities and event handlers. The paper describes the architecture of Caterpillar, and the interfaces it provides to support the monitoring of process instances, the allocation and execution of work items, and the execution of service tasks.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in myotonic dystrophy type 1 muscle

In myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), alternative splicing of ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) genes has been reported. These proteins are essential for maintaining intracellular Ca2+ in skeletal muscle. To clarify involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in DM1 muscles, we examined the activation of ER stress-related proteins by immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and RT-PCR. In four of five DM1 muscle biopsies, except for a muscle biopsy from a patient with the shortest CTG expansion and no myotonia, increased expression of GRP78 and calnexin, and phosphorylation of PERK and eIF-2α were revealed in fibers with sarcoplasmic masses and in highly atrophic fibers with pyknotic nuclear clumps. Caspase-3 and -7 were also expressed in these fibers. Increased expression of GRP78 in these DM1 muscles was confirmed by western blot analysis. GRP78 mRNA and spliced isoform of XBP1 mRNA were also increased in DM1 muscle biopsies. Furthermore, we demonstrated increased expression of GRP78 in highly atrophic fibers with pyknotic nuclear clumps in all three muscle biopsies from neurogenic muscular atrophies. However, five muscle biopsies from central core disease presumably with disturbed intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and a muscle biopsy from paramyotonia congenita with myotonia showed no activation of these proteins. Taken together, ER stress is involved in muscle wasting in DM1. However, it seems to be evoked not only by disrupted intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis.
Clinical studies on the treatment of cancer cachexia with megestrol acetate plus thalidomide.

BACKGROUND
The management of cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome (CACS) is a great challenge in clinical practice. To date, practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of CACS are lacking. The authors conducted a randomized study to confirm the effectiveness and safety of treatment of CACS utilizing megestrol acetate (MA) plus thalidomide.


METHODS
One hundred and two candidates with CACS were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (trial group and control group): the trial group received MA (160 mg po, bid) plus thalidomide (50 mg po, bid), while the control group received MA (160 mg po, bid) alone. Treatment duration was 8 weeks.


RESULTS
Analysis of the trial group demonstrated a significant increase from baseline in body weight (<0.01), quality of life (p = 0.02), appetite (p = 0.01), and grip strength (p = 0.01), and a significant decrease in fatigue, Glasgow Prognostic Score (p = 0.05), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (p = 0.03), IL-6 (p < 0.01), and tumor necrosis factor-α (p = 0.02). In contrast, in the control group, endpoints with a significant improvement from baseline included body weight (p < 0.02) and appetite (p = 0.02). The mean changes in the endpoints from baseline in the trial group were significantly greater compared with the control group: in the primary endpoints, body weight (p = 0.05), fatigue (p < 0.01) and quality of life (p = 0.01), and in the secondary endpoints, grip strength (p = 0.05), Glasgow Prognostic Score (p = 0.02), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (p = 0.02), IL-6 (p < 0.01) and tumor necrosis factor-α (p = 0.01). Toxicity was found to be relatively negligible in both groups.


CONCLUSION
A combination regimen of MA and thalidomide is more effective than MA alone in the treatment of CACS.
Simulation of VANET Using NS-3 and SUMO

Vehicular ad-hoc network(VANET) is subclass of mobile ad-hoc network which is vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communication environment, where nodes involve themselves as servers and/or clients to exchange and share information. VANET have some unique characteristics like high dynamic topology, frequent disconnections, restricted topology etc, so it need special class of routing protocol. To simulate the VANET scenarios we require two types of simulators, traffic simulator for generating traffic and network simulator. In this paper we have created a sample scenario of VANET for AODV routing protocol. We have used SUMO for generating traffic mobility files and NS-3 for testing performance of routing protocols on the mobility files created using Traffic simulator SUMO. Keywords—VANET, SUMO, NS-3, Simulation,Ad-Hoc networks.
Dermoscopy of lymphomatoid papulosis.

L YMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS (LYP) IS CHARACterized by papular, papulonecrotic, and/or nodular skin lesions at different stages of development, predominantly on the trunk and limbs. We prospectively evaluated 8 patients using dermoscopy and histopathologic correlations. The aim of this pilot study was to define dermoscopic criteria associated with the different stages of the disease (erythematous papule, ulcerated and/or necrotic papule, and cicatricial lesion). The dermoscopic pattern was similar in all patients and varied with the different stages of the disease. The initial inflammatory papular lesion (Figure 1A) showed essentially a vascular pattern of tortuous irregular vessels radiating from the center to the periphery of the lesion (Figure 1B). A white structureless area was seen around the vessels (Figure 1B, inset). On histopathologic evaluation, dilated vessels were observed on the upper dermis (Figure 1C and D, arrow) among the tumoral dense infiltrate of large CD30 cells (for type A LyP). Intravascular thrombosis was noted on the small vessels, usually at the beginning of the ischemic process (Figure 1E, arrow). On more mature lesions (hyperkeratotic papules), a whitish structureless area was seen at the center of the papule (Figure 2A). The vessel pattern was still observed, but it spared the middle of the lesion (Figure 2B). This central pattern was correlated with the onset of a hyperkeratosis on histologic samples and the onset of fibrinoid necrosis (Figure 2C, arrow) associated with intravascular thrombosis on the upper dermis. In the third stage, the necrotic ulceration replaced the whitish structureless area (Figure 3A). We observed centrally a brown-gray structureless area corresponding to the fibrinocruoric material; the vessel pattern was strictly limited to the extreme periphery of the lesion (Figure 3B). On histopathologic analysis (Figure 3C), a crust was seen on the center of the lesion, while the tumoral infiltrate and vessels were only seen deeper and at the periphery. Finally, in the cicatricial phase (Figure 4A), we observed no more residual vessel pattern; only a browngray structureless mark suggesting postinflammatory pigmentation persisted (Figure 4B). Histopathologically, findings corresponded to the dermal fibrosis noted in scarring LyP but without residual tumoral infiltrate (Figure 4C). As LyP lesions mature, their histopathologic changes can be well correlated with morphologic features seen on dermoscopy.
How Effective is Test-Driven Development?

Test-Driven Development (TDD) [Beck 2002] is one of the most referenced, yet least used agile practices in industry. Its neglect is due mostly to our lack of understanding of its effects on people, processes, and products. Although most people agree that writing a test case before code promotes more robust implementation and a better design, the unknown costs associated with TDD’s effects and the inversion of the ubiquitous programmer “code-then-test” paradigm has impeded TDD’s adoption.
Advances in magnetic sensors

The most important milestone in the field of magnetic sensors was that AMR sensors started to replace Hall sensors in many application, were larger sensitivity is an advantage. GMR and SDT sensor finally found limited applications. We also review the development in miniaturization of fluxgate sensors and briefly mention SQUIDs, resonant sensors, GMIs and magnetomechanical sensors.
The effectiveness of rapidly infused intravenous fluids for inducing moderate hypothermia in neurosurgical patients.

UNLABELLED
Moderate hypothermia is often used for cerebral protection during anesthesia for cerebral aneurysm clipping. No reliable, rapid, and practical noncardiopulmonary bypass methods for the induction of hypothermia to core temperatures <34 degrees C have been reported. We assessed the effects of IV administration of chilled 5% albumin (5 mL/kg at 1-6 degrees C) on core temperature after surface cooling to approximately 34 degrees C. We calculated thermal distribution volume from the change in core temperature after the chilled fluid infusions. We also compared rapid administration (5 mL/kg over 30 min) with very rapid administration (5 mL/kg over 3-5 min). Chilled albumin 5 mL/kg infused over 5 min reduced core temperature by 0.6+/-0.1 degrees C. The same volume of chilled albumin infused over 30 min reduced core temperature by 0.4+/-0.1 degrees C. The calculated thermal distribution volume was less than one third of total body volume. Because the thermal distribution volume in these hypothermic patients was much lower than total body volume, the chilled IV fluids in this study were 3 times more effective in inducing hypothermia than suggested by a simple calculation. To achieve maximal effectiveness, however, chilled fluids must be administered very rapidly (>100 mL/min) to avoid heat gains in standard IV tubing that occur even with rapid administration.


IMPLICATIONS
Chilled IV fluids can be much more effective for the induction of hypothermia than commonly assumed, but they must be administered very rapidly to avoid heat gains in IV tubing.
Edwardian Liberalism and Industrial Unrest: a class view of the decline of Liberalism

On 20th July I906, in the clubroom of the Angel Hotel, North Walsham, Norfolk, a mixed group of Liberal grandees and working men founded the 'second' agricultural workers' union the Eastern Counties Agricultural Labourers' and Small Holders' Union. The new union was a product of Norfolk Liberalism in both its strengths and its weaknesses. In the aftermath of the I 906 election the Liberals stood at the highpoint of their success in Norfolk all six county seats had returned Liberal members yet their triumph was incomplete. They had no permanent organisation through which to channel the support of the rural poor into the Liberal Party. Given the electoral 'pact' between the liberals and labour, and the changing tone of national, and indeed Norwich politics this was to prove a serious weakness in the future. Additionally, after the election, there had been a number of cases of victimisation of Liberal voters, which the Liberal Party was unable, or unwilling, to do anything about, and this was already causing dissatisfaction among the farm labourers.1 The union's purpose was to win the labourers for Liberalism. In Norfolk, the Liberal election victories of I 906 were not so much the result of a programme as of a tradition of political behaviour the Gladstonian synthesis an inspired mixture of religion and reform, with just a dash of class feeling. This synthesis in Norfolk dated from the I870s, the period of the first agricultural labourers' unions. In I877, George Rix, a local official in Joseph Arch's union, together with other local union leaders, established the Norfolk County Franchise Association to agitate for the extension of the franchise to the labourer. The association remained active throughout the i 88os, and after the vote was gained was transformed into a county wide Liberal working man's association based on trade union branches and village Liberal clubs. The politics of these clubs was firmly Gladstonian, and dictated by men, like Rix, who were working class themselves. Rix was an ex-labourer who had turned small shopkeeper after being victimised; a Primitive Methodist lay Preacher and Sunday School superintendent; and secretary of the largest non-affiliated friendly society in Norfolk, as well as a union agitator. To him, and to most of his supporters, Gladstone embodied radicalism. In his autobiography Rix constantly referred to him as 'my Grand Old Man',2 and he arranged for a Gladstonian candidate to fight Mid-Norfolk as a Home Ruler in i 886 when the sitting Liberal deserted to Liberal unionism.3 In two speeches in I 88 I Rix stated his political beliefs, and his politics in that year probably represent what most