LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of emergency medical services use and its association with timely stroke treatment: findings from Get With the Guidelines-Stroke.

BACKGROUND
Prior studies found that only about half of stroke patients arrived at hospitals via emergency medical services (EMSs), yet since then, there have been efforts to increase public awareness that time is brain. Using contemporary Get With the Guidelines-Stroke data, we assessed nationwide EMS use by stroke patients.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We analyzed data from 204 591 patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke admitted to 1563 Get With the Guidelines-Stroke participating hospitals with data on National Institute of Health Stroke Score and insurance status. Hospital arrival by EMSs was observed in 63.7% of patients. Older patients, those with Medicaid and Medicare insurance, and those with severe stroke were more likely to activate EMSs. In contrast, minority race and ethnicity and living in rural communities were associated with decreased odds of EMS use. EMS transport was independently associated with earlier arrival (onset-to-door time, ≤3 hours; adjusted odds ratio, 2.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.93-2.08), prompter evaluation (more patients with door-to-imaging time, ≤25 minutes; odds ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.78-2.00), more rapid treatment (more patients with door-to-needle time, ≤60 minutes; odds ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-1.63), and more eligible patients to be treated with tissue-type plasminogen activator if onset is ≤2 hours (67% versus 44%; odds ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-1.64).


CONCLUSIONS
Although EMS use is independently associated with more rapid evaluation and treatment of stroke, more than one third of stroke patients fail to use EMSs. Interventions aimed at increasing EMS activation should target populations at risk, particularly younger patients and those of minority race and ethnicity.
Movie Genre Classification By Exploiting Audio-Visual Features Of Previews

We present a method to classify movies on the basis of audio-visual cues present in the previews. A preview summarizes the main idea of a movie providing suitable amount of information to perform the genre classification. In our approach movies are initially classified into action and nonaction by computing the visual disturbance feature and average shot length of every movie. Visual disturbance is defined as a measure of motion content in a clip. Next we use color, audio and cinematic principles for further classification into comedy, horror, drama/other and movies containing explosions and gunfire. This work is a step towards automatically building and updating video database, thus resulting in minimum human intervention. Other potential applications include browsing and retrieval of videos on the Internet (video-on-demand), video libraries, and rating of the movies.
Stepwise Synthesis of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles on a Microfluidic Assembly Line

Among the molecular milieu of the cell, the membrane bilayer stands out as a complex and elusive synthetic target. We report a microfluidic assembly line that produces uniform cellular compartments from droplet, lipid, and oil/water interface starting materials. Droplets form in a lipid-containing oil flow and travel to a junction where the confluence of oil and extracellular aqueous media establishes a flow-patterned interface that is both stable and reproducible. A triangular post mediates phase transfer bilayer assembly by deflecting droplets from oil, through the interface, and into the extracellular aqueous phase to yield a continuous stream of unilamellar phospholipid vesicles with uniform and tunable size. The size of the droplet precursor dictates vesicle size, encapsulation of small-molecule cargo is highly efficient, and the single bilayer promotes functional insertion of a bacterial transmembrane pore.
The Fall of an Icon: Psychoanalysis and Academic Psychiatry

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From a British perspective, the idea that psychoanalysis might ever have played a central role in academic psychiatry is scarcely believable – and from your reviewer’s point of view highly enviable. Yet for a generation almost every Chair of psychiatry in the USA was
SelQA: A New Benchmark for Selection-Based Question Answering

This paper presents a new selection-based question answering dataset, SelQA. The dataset consists of questions generated through crowdsourcing and sentence length answers that are drawn from the ten most prevalent topics in the English Wikipedia. We introduce a corpus annotation scheme that enhances the generation of large, diverse, and challenging datasets by explicitly aiming to reduce word co-occurrences between the question and answers. Our annotation scheme is composed of a series of crowdsourcing tasks with a view to more effectively utilize crowdsourcing in the creation of question answering datasets in various domains. Several systems are compared on the tasks of answer sentence selection and answer triggering, providing strong baseline results for future work to improve upon.
Strengthening of the hip and core versus knee muscles for the treatment of patellofemoral pain: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is the most common injury in running and jumping athletes. Randomized controlled trials suggest that incorporating hip and core strengthening (HIP) with knee-focused rehabilitation (KNEE) improves PFP outcomes. However, no randomized controlled trials have, to our knowledge, directly compared HIP and KNEE programs.


OBJECTIVE
To compare PFP pain, function, hip- and knee-muscle strength, and core endurance between KNEE and HIP protocols after 6 weeks of rehabilitation. We hypothesized greater improvements in (1) pain and function, (2) hip strength and core endurance for patients with PFP involved in the HIP protocol, and (3) knee strength for patients involved in the KNEE protocol.


DESIGN
Randomized controlled clinical trial.


SETTING
Four clinical research laboratories in Calgary, Alberta; Chicago, Illinois; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Augusta, Georgia.


PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS
Of 721 patients with PFP screened, 199 (27.6%) met the inclusion criteria (66 men [31.2%], 133 women [66.8%], age = 29.0 ± 7.1 years, height = 170.4 ± 9.4 cm, weight = 67.6 ± 13.5 kg).


INTERVENTION(S)
Patients with PFP were randomly assigned to a 6-week KNEE or HIP protocol.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Primary variables were self-reported visual analog scale and Anterior Knee Pain Scale measures, which were conducted weekly. Secondary variables were muscle strength and core endurance measured at baseline and at 6 weeks.


RESULTS
Compared with baseline, both the visual analog scale and the Anterior Knee Pain Scale improved for patients with PFP in both the HIP and KNEE protocols (P < .001), but the visual analog scale scores for those in the HIP protocol were reduced 1 week earlier than in the KNEE group. Both groups increased in strength (P < .001), but those in the HIP protocol gained more in hip-abductor (P = .01) and -extensor (P = .01) strength and posterior core endurance (P = .05) compared with the KNEE group.


CONCLUSIONS
Both the HIP and KNEE rehabilitation protocols produced improvements in PFP, function, and strength over 6 weeks. Although outcomes were similar, the HIP protocol resulted in earlier resolution of pain and greater overall gains in strength compared with the KNEE protocol.
What is Surrealistic about Bohm Trajectories

We discuss interferometers in Bohmian quantum mechanics. It is shown that, with the correct configuration space, Bohm trajectories in a which way interferometer are not surrealistic, but behaves exactly as common sense suggests. Some remarks about a way to generalize Bohmian mechanics to treat density matrix are also made. 
PACS: this http URL, 03.75.Dg 
Key words: Bohm Trajectories, Which Way Interferometers, ESSW
Automatic mosaic creation of the ocean floor

In this paper, we describe the automatic creation of video mosaics of the ocean oor, which deals with the problem of image motion estimation in a robust and automatic way. The motion estimation presented in this work is based on a initial matching of corresponding areas over pairs of images. As the error prone nature of the matching process is a commonly overlooked problem, this paper makes use of robust matching techniques, which can cope with an high percentage of wrong matches. In our approach, several motion models are established under the projective geometry framework, allowing the creation of high quality mosaics where no assumptions are made on the camera motion. This is an improvement over traditional approaches for underwater mosaicing, usually relying on the camera to be facing the sea oor, so that the image plane is approximately parallel to the oor plane. Extensive tests were run on underwater image sequences , testifying the good performance of the implemented matching and registration methods. Even with notorious violations of the underlying assumption of static planar scenes, the algorithm can still nd the motion parameters as to create mosaics with bearably noticeable misalignments to the human eye.
In vitro cytochrome P450 inhibition potential of methylenedioxy-derived designer drugs studied with a two-cocktail approach

In vitro cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition assays are common approaches for testing the inhibition potential of drugs for predicting potential interactions. In contrast to marketed medicaments, drugs of abuse, particularly the so-called novel psychoactive substances, were not tested before distribution and consumption. Therefore, the inhibition potential of methylenedioxy-derived designer drugs (MDD) of different drug classes such as aminoindanes, amphetamines, benzofurans, cathinones, piperazines, pyrrolidinophenones, and tryptamines should be elucidated. The FDA-preferred test substrates, split in two cocktails, were incubated with pooled human liver microsomes and analysed after protein precipitation using LC-high-resolution-MS/MS. IC50 values were determined of MDD showing more than 50 % inhibition in the prescreening. Values were calculated by plotting the relative metabolite concentration formed over the logarithm of the inhibitor concentration. All MDD showed inhibition against CYP2D6 activity and most of them in the range of the clinically relevant CYP2D6 inhibitors quinidine and fluoxetine. In addition, the beta-keto compounds showed inhibition of the activity of CYP2B6, 5,6-MD-DALT of CYP1A2 and CYP3A, and MDAI of CYP2A6, all in the range of clinically relevant inhibitors. In summary, all MDD showed inhibition of the activity of CYP2D6, six of CYP1A2, three of CYP2A6, 13 of CYP2B6, two of CYP2C9, six of CYP2C19, one of CYP2E1, and six of CYP3A. These results showed that the CYP inhibition by MDD might be clinically relevant, but further studies are needed for final conclusions.
50th anniversary historical article. Myocardial oxygen consumption: the quest for its determinants and some clinical fallout.

The factors that control the consumption of oxygen and utilization of energy by the heart have been of interest to cardiovascular physiologists and clinicians for many years. The determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption (MV̇O2) have warranted this careful consideration since, in the presence of steady state conditions and with the obligatory aerobic nature of myocardial metabolism, MV̇O2 serves as a measure of the total energy utilization of the heart. Therefore, since utilization of high energy phosphates, which constitute the immediate energy source for contraction, is not readily determined directly, advantage is taken of the close correlation between energy utilization and MV̇O2, and the latter is measured experimentally. Further, under clinical conditions that place a restraint on coronary blood flow and, hence, on the availability of oxygen to the myocardium, factors that alter MV̇O2 become a primary consideration. A major advance in our understanding of the determinants of MV̇O2 has come from an appreciation that cardiac muscle is subject to the same general principles of control and analysis as is skeletal muscle. Thus, the same factors that govern the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work in skeletal muscle are important considerations in dealing with heart muscle. In the present discussion the development of an integrative concept of the determination of MV̇O2 will be reviewed, and its relation to our present knowledge of muscle mechanics will be assessed briefly. Such a synthesis may offer insight into some of the apparent discrepancies and inconsistencies with which the literature on the subject abounds and may provide a more rational framework for understanding the dynamic control of MV̇O2 in both physiologic and pathologic states. Originally published in the American Journal of Cardiology, September
Effectiveness of sequential combined treatment in comparison with treatment as usual in preventing relapse in alcohol dependence.

AIM
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the sequential combined treatment (SCT) and treatment as usual (TU) in relapse prevention in a sample of alcohol-dependent patients, during 180 days of outpatient treatment.


METHOD
209 alcohol-dependent patients who could attend with an informant adult were randomized to either TU or SCT. The primary outcome measure was time to first relapse, defined as the consumption of any amount of alcohol during the 180 days of follow-up. Secondary outcome measures included maximum duration of continuous abstinence (MDCA), cumulative abstinence duration (CAD), quality of life (ARPQ) and blood test markers of alcohol consumption.


RESULTS
The SCT approach was more effective than TU. The Kaplan-Meier abstinent proportion at the end of the 180 days was 78% for the SCT group and 59% for the TU group (P<0.01). The mean time to first relapse was 150 days for SCT and 123 days for TU (P<0.01). The relative risk reduction of relapse was 62% for SCT after adjustment in multiple Cox regression (P<0.01). SCT had more MDCA (P<0.05) and more CAD (P<0.05). Therapy sessions lasted slightly longer for SCT than TU (mean 13 min versus 10 min).


CONCLUSIONS
SCT can result in better outcomes than TU in the outpatient treatment of alcohol dependence.
IncQuery-D: A Distributed Incremental Model Query Framework in the Cloud

Queries are the foundations of data intensive applications. In model-driven software engineering (MDE), model queries are core technologies of tools and transformations. As software models are rapidly increasing in size and complexity, traditional tools exhibit scalability issues that decrease productivity and increase costs [17]. While scalability is a hot topic in the database community and recent NoSQL efforts have partially addressed many shortcomings, this happened at the cost of sacrificing the ad-hoc query capabilities of SQL. Unfortunately, this is a critical problem for MDE applications due to their inherent workload complexity. In this paper, we aim to address both the scalability and ad-hoc querying challenges by adapting incremental graph search techniques – known from the EMF-IncQuery framework – to a distributed cloud infrastructure. We propose a novel architecture for distributed and incremental queries, and conduct experiments to demonstrate that IncQuery-D, our prototype system, can scale up from a single workstation to a cluster that can handle very large models and complex incremental queries efficiently.
Immigrants and borderline personality disorder at a psychiatric emergency service.

BACKGROUND
Several studies have suggested that immigrants have higher rates of psychiatric emergency service use and a higher risk of mental disorders such as schizophrenia than indigenous populations.


AIMS
To compare the likelihood that immigrants (immigrant group) v. indigenous population (indigenous group) will be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder in a psychiatric emergency service and to determine differences according to area of origin.


METHOD
A total of 11 578 consecutive admissions over a 4-year period at a tertiary psychiatric emergency service were reviewed. The collected data included socio-demographic and clinical variables and the Severity of Psychiatric Illness rating score. Psychiatric diagnosis was limited to information available in the emergency room given that a structured interview is not usually feasible in this setting. The diagnosis of borderline personality disorder was based on DSM-IV criteria. Immigrants were divided into five groups according to region of origin: North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Asia and Western countries.


RESULTS
Multivariate statistical logistic regression analysis showed that all subgroups of immigrants had a lower likelihood of being diagnosed with borderline personality disorder than the indigenous population independently of age and gender. Furthermore, the rates of borderline personality disorder diagnosis were considerably lower in Asian and sub-Saharan subgroups than in South American, North African, Western or native subgroups.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results showed that in the psychiatric emergency service borderline personality disorder was diagnosed less frequently in the immigrant group v. the indigenous group. Our results do not support the concept of migration as a risk factor for borderline personality disorder.
Let's go public! taking a spoken dialog system to the real world

In this paper, we describe how a research spoken dialog system was made available to the general public. The Let’s Go Public spoken dialog system provides bus schedule information to the Pittsburgh population during off-peak times. This paper describes the changes necessary to make the system usable for the general public and presents analysis of the calls and strategies we have used to ensure high performance.
Recipe Recommendation: Accuracy and Reasoning

Food and diet are complex domains for recommender technology, but the need for systems that assist users in embarking on and engaging with healthy living programs has never been more real. One key to sustaining long term engagement with eHealth services is the provision of tools, which assist and train users in planning correctly around the areas of diet and exercise. These tools require an understanding of user reasoning as well as user needs and are ideal application areas for recommender and personalization technologies. Here, we report on a large scale analysis of real user ratings on a set of recipes in order to judge the applicability and practicality of a number of personalization algorithms. Further to this, we report on apparent user reasoning patterns uncovered in rating data supplied for recipes and suggest ways to exploit this reasoning understanding in the recommendation process.
Differential prognostic impact of treatment strategy among patients with left main versus non-left main bifurcation lesions undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: results from the COBIS (Coronary Bifurcation Stenting) Registry II.

OBJECTIVES
The authors sought to investigate whether the impact of treatment strategies on clinical outcomes differed between patients with left main (LM) bifurcation lesions and those with non-LM bifurcation lesions.


BACKGROUND
Few studies have considered anatomic location when comparing 1- and 2-stent strategies for bifurcation lesions.


METHODS
We compared the prognostic impact of treatment strategies on clinical outcomes in 2,044 patients with non-LM bifurcation lesions and 853 with LM bifurcation lesions. The primary outcome was target lesion failure (TLF) defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion revascularization.


RESULTS
The 2-stent strategy was used more frequently in the LM bifurcation group than in the non-LM bifurcation group (40.3% vs. 20.8%, p < 0.01). During a median follow-up of 36 months, the 2-stent strategy was not associated with a higher incidence of cardiac death (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72 to 2.14; p = 0.44), cardiac death or MI (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.58 to 2.19; p = 0.73), or TLF (HR: 1.39; 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.94; p = 0.06) in the non-LM bifurcation group. In contrast, in patients with LM bifurcation lesions, the 2-stent strategy was associated with a higher incidence of cardiac death (HR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.05 to 5.59; p = 0.04), cardiac death or MI (HR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.08 to 4.04; p = 0.03), as well as TLF (HR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.60 to 3.55; p < 0.01). Significant interactions were present between treatment strategies and bifurcation lesion locations for TLF (p = 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
The 1-stent strategy, if possible, should initially be considered the preferred approach for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions, especially LM bifurcation lesions. (Korean Coronary Bifurcation Stenting [COBIS] Registry II; NCT01642992).
Estimating the effects of co-medications on plasma olanzapine concentrations by using a mixed model

The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect sizes of drug interactions on plasma olanzapine concentrations while adjusting for potentially confounding factors such as smoking. The estimation was performed by using a mixed model, data from a series of previously published studies of lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, and mirtazapine, and unpublished data from patients under clinical therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The total sample included 163 adult patients (age>or=18 years) who provided both steady-state plasma olanzapine concentrations and smoking information. They provided a total of 360 olanzapine concentrations (1 to 11 measures per patient). Smoking and concomitant carbamazepine or lamotrigine use were found to have significant effects on median plasma olanzapine concentrations. The effects of lamotrigine on plasma olanzapine concentrations were modified by smoking. After adjusting for olanzapine dose and carbamazepine intake, plasma olanzapine concentrations were 10% lower in non-smokers who were taking lamotrigine than in non-smokers who were not taking lamotrigine; olanzapine concentrations were 35% higher in smokers who were taking lamotrigine than in smokers who were not taking lamotrigine; olanzapine concentrations were 41% lower in smokers who were not taking lamotrigine than in non-smokers who were not taking lamotrigine; and olanzapine concentrations were 11% lower in smokers who were taking lamotrigine than in non-smokers who were taking lamotrigine. After adjusting for olanzapine dose and taking carbamazepine, the correction factor comparing smokers taking lamotrigine versus non-smokers who were not taking lamotrigine was 1.3. Gender, age, and concomitant use of mirtazapine, valproic acid, lamotrigine, topiramate, lorazepam, citalopram or oxcarbazepine did not have significant effects on olanzapine concentrations. The main limitation of this clinical design is the unavoidable substantial "noise" that characterizes (uncontrolled) clinical environments, which may make it difficult to detect the effects of some variables. Other limitations were the small sample size of some drug sub-samples and the lack of testing for plasma olanzapine metabolites.