LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Biomedical informatics and outcomes research: enabling knowledge-driven health care.

At its core, the practice of medicine is an informationintensive endeavor. Most of what physicians do involves the collection, review, and management of information. Examples of such activities include obtaining and recording patient information, consulting colleagues, reading the scientific literature, planning diagnostic procedures, devising strategies for patient care, interpreting tests, and conducting research. The ever-increasing biomedical knowledge base that must be considered to deliver optimal patient care only adds to the challenges facing medicine today. Successfully addressing these challenges to deliver the best health care possible requires not only the existence of valid and generalizable data sets derived from systematic basic, clinical, and epidemiological research efforts but also the ability to apply the knowledge derived from these research efforts at the point of care. It is easy to understand, therefore, why the field of biomedical informatics, a field that is concerned with collecting, managing, and optimally using information in health care and biomedicine, is critical to the current and future practice of medicine and the study of healthcare outcomes that result from such practice.1,2 Biomedical informatics approaches and related health information technology (health IT) platforms are key to enabling knowledge-driven healthcare and practice improvement initiatives based on a solid research foundation. Similar biomedical informatics approaches and resources are also critical to advancing outcomes research. Indeed, such technologies such as electronic health records (EHRs), clinical data repositories, and research-specific data management systems are already transforming the way we practice medicine and conduct research. This transformation is being further advanced by federally directed funding and research infrastructure development efforts.3,4 In the sections that follow, we provide an overview of how biomedical informatics and health IT processes and tools can affect the conduct of research and the delivery of evidencebased health care from our perspective. Given the current state of development in this area, we introduce a conceptual framework by which clinicians, researchers, and the healthcare community at large can optimally leverage biomedical informatics processes and tools to facilitate outcomes research and drive improvements in healthcare outcomes. We conclude by proposing a course of action intended to support greater collaboration between the clinical, research, and biomedical informatics communities to achieve the goals set forth.
Current status of vesicoureteral reflux diagnosis

In children, diagnostic imaging for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) encompasses both radiologic and sonographic modalities. The former comprises voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), the most widespread method for examination for reflux, and radionuclide cystography (RNC). In RNC the radiation exposure is significantly less than in VCUG with continuous fluoroscopy, but the anatomic details depicted are much inferior. With the introduction of pulsed fluoroscopy, the radiation exposure of VCUG has been markedly curtailed. VCUG is the first imaging choice for the urethra. The sonographic diagnosis of VUR with the intravesical administration of an ultrasound (US) contrast agent—voiding urosonography (VUS)—is being used increasingly in the routine diagnostic imaging work-up of reflux. Various sonographic reflux examination methods had been tried in the past. The real breakthrough came with the availability of stabilized US contrast media. Further impetus came with the introduction of harmonic US imaging. The recent release of a second generation US contrast medium promises to make a further positive impact on VUS. The diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced VUS has been found to be comparable to radiologic methods. VUS is primarily performed in follow-up studies and as the primary reflux examination modality in girls.
A multivariate analysis of youth violence and aggression: the influence of family, peers, depression, and media violence.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the multivariate nature of risk factors for youth violence including delinquent peer associations, exposure to domestic violence in the home, family conflict, neighborhood stress, antisocial personality traits, depression level, and exposure to television and video game violence.


STUDY DESIGN
A population of 603 predominantly Hispanic children (ages 10-14 years) and their parents or guardians responded to multiple behavioral measures. Outcomes included aggression and rule-breaking behavior on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), as well as violent and nonviolent criminal activity and bullying behavior.


RESULTS
Delinquent peer influences, antisocial personality traits, depression, and parents/guardians who use psychological abuse in intimate relationships were consistent risk factors for youth violence and aggression. Neighborhood quality, parental use of domestic violence in intimate relationships, and exposure to violent television or video games were not predictive of youth violence and aggression.


CONCLUSION
Childhood depression, delinquent peer association, and parental use of psychological abuse may be particularly fruitful avenues for future prevention or intervention efforts.
The links between health-related behaviors and life satisfaction in elderly individuals who prefer institutional living

BACKGROUND
Life satisfaction among residents of institutions is becoming an important issue in a rapidly aging population. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the links between life satisfaction and health-related behaviors amongst functionally independent elderly people who prefer institutional living in Istanbul, Turkey.


METHODS
The socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, leisure-time activities and fall histories of 133 residents of an institution in Istanbul were assessed by a structured questionnaire during face-to-face interviews. A validated life-satisfaction index questionnaire (LSI-A) was completed.


RESULTS
The mean age of the study group was 73.9 +/- 8.0 (range 60-90 years). Within the group, 22.6% had never married and 14.3% had university degrees. The majority (71.4%) were in the low income bracket. The overall mean LSI-A score was 20.3 +/- 5.9. Participants who declared moderate/high income levels had a significantly higher mean LSI-A score than those in the low-income bracket (p = 0.009). Multivariate analysis of the data suggested that leisure-time activities and participation in regular physical activities are significant predictors of LSI-A scores (R2: 0.112; p = 0.005 and p = 0.02, respectively).


CONCLUSION
The findings imply that regular physical activity and leisure-time activities are significantly related to life satisfaction among residents in institutions. Participation in physical activity and leisure-time activity programs may help to improve the life satisfaction of elderly people living in institutions.
Weight Loss Interventions in Older Adults with Obesity: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Since 2005.

OBJECTIVES
To identify geriatric obesity interventions that can guide clinical recommendations.


DESIGN
Systematic review using Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE (Ovid), and PsycINFO (Proquest) from January 1, 2005, to October 12, 2015, to identify English-language randomized controlled trials.


PARTICIPANTS
Individuals aged 60 and older (mean age ≥65) and classified as having obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 ).


INTERVENTIONS
Behavioral weight loss interventions not involving pharmacological or procedural therapies lasting 6 months or longer.


MEASUREMENTS
Two investigators performed the systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria and achieved a high concordance rate (97.3%) in summarizing the primary outcomes. The three primary outcomes were weight loss, physical performance, and quality of life.


RESULTS
Of 5,741 citations, 19 were included. (Six studies were unique, and the remaining 13 were based on the same study population.) Duration ranged from 6 to 18 months (n = 405 participants, age range 66.7-71.1). Weight loss in the intervention groups ranged from 0.5 to 10.7 kg (0.1-9.3%). Five studies had a resistance exercise program accompanying a dietary component. Greater weight loss was observed in groups with a dietary component than those with exercise alone. Exercise alone led to better physical function but no significant weight loss. Combined dietary and exercise components led to the greatest improvement in physical performance measures and quality of life and mitigated reductions in muscle and bone mass observed in diet-only study arms. Heterogeneous outcomes were observed, which limited the ability to synthesize the data quantitatively.


CONCLUSIONS
The evidence supporting geriatric obesity interventions to improve physical function and quality of life is of low to moderate quality. Well-designed trials are needed in this population.
Hamartome lipomateux superficiel de Hoffmann-Zurhelle

L'hamartome lipomateux superficiel de Hoffmann-Zurhelle est une tumeur bénigne souvent congénitale. Histologiquement, il est caractérisé par la présence hétérotopique de cellules adipeuses quelquefois lipoblastiques autour des trajets vasculaires dermiques. Nous rapportons une nouvelle observation de forme multiple à révélation tardive chez une femme âgée de 31 ans sans antécédents pathologiques notables qui a été adressée à la consultation pour des papules et tumeurs asymptomatiques de couleur chaire se regroupent en placards à disposition linéaire et zostèriforme au niveau de la face externe de la cuisse droite depuis l'âge de 13 ans, augmentant progressivement de taille. L'étude histologique d'un fragment biopsique avait montré un épiderme régulier, plicaturé et kératinisant, soulevé par un tissu fibro-adipeux abondant incluant quelques vaisseaux sanguins aux dépens du derme moyen. Ces données cliniques et histologiques ont permis de retenir le diagnostic d'hamartome lipomateux superficiel. Une exérèse chirurgicale des tumeurs de grande taille a été proposée complété par le laser CO2 pour le reste de lésions cutanées. L'hamartome lipomateux superficiel est une lésion bénigne sans potentiel de malignité. L'exérèse chirurgicale peut être proposée si la lésion est gênante ou dans un but essentiellement esthétique. Pan African Medical Journal. 2015; 21:31 doi:10.11604/pamj.2015.21.31.4773 This article is available online at: http://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/21/31/full/ © Sanaa Krich et al. The Pan African Medical Journal ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Pan African Medical Journal – ISSN: 19378688 (www.panafrican-med-journal.com) Published in partnership with the African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET). (www.afenet.net) Case report Open Access
Life experiences of people who stutter, and the perceived impact of stuttering on quality of life: personal accounts of South African individuals.

UNLABELLED
The purpose of the study was to investigate the life experiences of a group of South African adults who stutter and the impact of stuttering on their quality of life. Participants were 16 adults with a mean age of 28.9 and ranging from 20 to 59 years. Methods involved individual interviews designed to explore the life domains of education; social life; employment; speech therapy; family and marital life; and identity, beliefs and emotional issues. Main findings of the study indicated that the majority of participants perceived their stuttering to have impacted on their academic performance at school, and relationships with teachers and classmates. Although their stuttering was not perceived to adversely influence their ability to establish friendships, people generally reacted negatively to their stuttering. Many felt that their stuttering did not have an adverse effect on their choice of occupation, ability to obtain work, and relationships with managers and co-workers, although it was perceived to influence their work performance and hamper their chances for promotion. Although the majority viewed their speech therapy experiences as being negative; more than half the sample believed that speech therapy had, nevertheless exerted a positive effect on their quality of life. Overall, stuttering did not appear to have influenced participants' family and marital life. Most participants felt that stuttering had affected their self-esteem and self-image, and had evoked strong emotions within them. Findings are taken to suggest the need to incorporate subjective feelings about stuttering into the clinical practice of speech-language therapy; to provide information and coping strategies for teachers and employers; and for further research.


EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
After completing this activity, the reader will be able to: (1) describe and explain the perceived impact of stuttering on quality of life in terms of education; social life; employment; speech therapy; family and marital life; and identity, beliefs and emotional issues; (2) to interpret and utilize the subjective meanings that individuals attach to their stuttering to improve stuttering treatment, counseling and research.
Tuning in to Kids: improving emotion socialization practices in parents of preschool children--findings from a community trial.

BACKGROUND
This study evaluated a new prevention and early intervention parenting program: Tuning in to Kids. The program aims to improve emotion socialization practices in parents of preschool children and is based on research evidence that parents' responses to, and coaching of, their children's emotions influence emotional and behavioral functioning in children.


METHODS
Two hundred and sixteen primary caregiver parents of children aged 4.0-5.11 years were randomized into an intervention or waitlist control group. Parents in the intervention condition attended a 6-session group parenting program plus two booster sessions. Assessment occurred pre-intervention, post-intervention and at six-month follow-up. Questionnaires assessed parent emotion awareness and regulation, parent beliefs and practices of emotion socialization (emotion dismissing, emotion coaching, empathy) and child behavior (parent and teacher report). Observation of emotion socialization practices and child emotional knowledge was conducted pre-intervention and at follow-up with 161 parent-child dyads.


RESULTS
Parents in the intervention condition reported significant improvements in their own emotion awareness and regulation, increases in emotion coaching, and decreases in emotionally dismissive beliefs and behaviors. There were increases in parents' observed use of emotion labels and discussion of causes and consequences of emotions with their children. Child emotional knowledge improved, and reductions in child behavior problems were reported by parents and teachers.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides support for the efficacy of a parenting intervention targeting parent emotion socialization practices that lead to improved child emotional knowledge and behavior. This preventative intervention targeting parents' own emotion awareness and regulation, as well as emotional communication in parent-child relationships, is a promising addition to available parenting programs.
Biostatistics 101: data presentation.

Correspondence to: Y H Chan Tel: (65) 6317 2121 Fax: (65) 6317 2122 Email: chanyh@ cteru.gov.sg INTRODUCTION Now we are at the last stage of the research process: Statistical Analysis & Reporting. In this article, we will discuss how to present the collected data and the forthcoming write-ups will highlight on the appropriate statistical tests to be applied. The terms Sample & Population; Parameter & Statistic; Descriptive & Inferential Statistics; Random variables; Sampling Distribution of the Mean; Central Limit Theorem could be read-up from the references indicated. To be able to correctly present descriptive (and inferential) statistics, we have to understand the two data types (see Fig. 1) that are usually encountered in any research study.
Effect of short-term carvedilol therapy on salivary and plasma oxidative stress parameters and plasma glucose level in type II diabetes

Bagher Larijani, Mojgan Afshari, Fatemeh Astanehi-Asghari, Alireza Mojtahedi, Ali Rezaie, Arash Hosseinnezhad, Ramin Heshmat, Azadeh Mohammadirad & Mohammad Abdollahi† †Author for correspondence Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran, 14155–6451 Iran Tel.: +98 216 959 104 Fax: +98 216 959 104 mohammad@sina.tums.ac.ir
Think to move: a neuromagnetic brain-computer interface (BCI) system for chronic stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term motor disability among adults. Present rehabilitative interventions are largely unsuccessful in improving the most severe cases of motor impairment, particularly in relation to hand function. Here we tested the hypothesis that patients experiencing hand plegia as a result of a single, unilateral subcortical, cortical or mixed stroke occurring at least 1 year previously, could be trained to operate a mechanical hand orthosis through a brain-computer interface (BCI).


METHODS
Eight patients with chronic hand plegia resulting from stroke (residual finger extension function rated on the Medical Research Council scale=0/5) were recruited from the Stroke Neurorehabilitation Clinic, Human Cortical Physiology Section of the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (n=5) and the Clinic of Neurology of the University of Tübingen (n=3). Diagnostic MRIs revealed single, unilateral subcortical, cortical or mixed lesions in all patients. A magnetoencephalography-based BCI system was used for this study. Patients participated in between 13 to 22 training sessions geared to volitionally modulate micro rhythm amplitude originating in sensorimotor areas of the cortex, which in turn raised or lowered a screen cursor in the direction of a target displayed on the screen through the BCI interface. Performance feedback was provided visually in real-time. Successful trials (in which the cursor made contact with the target) resulted in opening/closing of an orthosis attached to the paralyzed hand.


RESULTS
Training resulted in successful BCI control in 6 of 8 patients. This control was associated with increased range and specificity of mu rhythm modulation as recorded from sensors overlying central ipsilesional (4 patients) or contralesional (2 patients) regions of the array. Clinical scales used to rate hand function showed no significant improvement after training.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that volitional control of neuromagnetic activity features recorded over central scalp regions can be achieved with BCI training after stroke, and used to control grasping actions through a mechanical hand orthosis.
Winds of Change: From Vendor Lock-In to the Meta Cloud

The emergence of yet more cloud offerings from a multitude of service providers calls for a meta cloud to smoothen the edges of the jagged cloud landscape. This meta cloud could solve the vendor lock-in problems that current public and hybrid cloud users face.
Eclipse Process Framework Composer : Part 2 : Authoring method content and processes

Part Two of this introduction to the Eclipse Process Framework Composer (EPF Composer) details the concepts that define method content and processes in EPF, and explains cataloging method content and defining processes, with examples.ter. He is solution architect for the IBM Rational Method Composer product platform and responsible for defining next generation process engineering tools. He represents IBM at the OMG in the SPEM 2.0 initiative. In Part One of this two-part introduction to EPF Composer I discussed key concepts and typical usage scenarios for the tool. In Part Two, I will provide more details about the concepts that define method content and processes in EPF. I will start by reviewing the three main elements for building method content namely , roles, tasks, and work products-and their relationships. I will then discuss guidance and the different kinds of guidance supported by EPF Composer. I will show you how to organize catalogs of your method content using standard and custom categories. I will then move on to defining processes in EPF Composer providing you with a rationale for EPF's process representation and walking you through a set of examples for the different kind of processes you can use and create in EPF Composer. The paper presents the EPF Composer version 1.0.2 that is available as a free download under the Eclipse Public license at the EPF homepage 14. IBM also offers a commercial version of the EPF Composer tool named IBM Rational Method Composer 15 (RMC) that ships with the IBM Rational Unified Process (RUP) and provides additional enterprise capabilities not described in this article. [Note: The number of sections (beginning with Section 4) in this article, figures (beginning with Figure 9) and footnotes (beginning with footnote number 17) is an intentional continuation from Part One.] 4 Managing intellectual capital and assets as method content and guidance Let's consider the three main elements for building method content-roles, tasks, and work products-and their relationships. One of the most commonly quoted phrases in software engineering literature is " software development is a team sport, " 16 indicating that software is (still) created by human developers who perform development tasks in which they heavily collaborate and exchange the products of their work with each other. In that sense, the Eclipse Process Framework applies the very common and even a standardized approach 17 to define development methods, as depicted in Figure 9, by identifying development …
A novel ultrawideband planar antenna with dual band‐notched performance

In this article, a novel and compact ultra-wideband (UWB) planar antenna is presented. This antenna consists of an annular patch and a 50 microstrip feed line. The 3.5/5.5GHz dual band-notched characteristic gets achieved by etching a C-shaped slot in the patch and complimentary split ring resonator (CSRR) structure in the ground. The measured results show that the proposed antenna can achieve the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) requirement of less than 2.0 in very UWB frequency range from 3.05GHz to 23.8GHz with dual band-rejection performance of 3.4 to 4.0GHz and 4.92 to 6.0GHz. Measured VSWR of the proposed antenna is in good agreement with the simulated result.