LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Infliximab for the treatment of fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND
Enterocutaneous fistulas are a serious complication of Crohn's disease and are difficult to treat. Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor alpha, has recently been developed as a treatment for Crohn's disease. We conducted a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of infliximab for the treatment of fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease.


METHODS
The study included 94 adult patients who had draining abdominal or perianal fistulas of at least three months' duration as a complication of Crohn's disease. Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three treatments: placebo (31 patients), 5 mg of infliximab per kilogram of body weight (31 patients), or 10 mg of infliximab per kilogram (32 patients); all three were to be administered intravenously at weeks 0, 2, and 6. The primary end point was a reduction of 50 percent or more from base line in the number of draining fistulas observed at two or more consecutive study visits. A secondary end point was the closure of all fistulas.


RESULTS
Sixty-eight percent of the patients who received 5 mg of infliximab per kilogram and 56 percent of those who received 10 mg per kilogram achieved the primary end point, as compared with 26 percent of the patients in the placebo group (P=0.002 and P=0.02, respectively). In addition, 55 percent of the patients assigned to receive 5 mg of infliximab per kilogram and 38 percent of those assigned to 10 mg per kilogram had closure of all fistulas, as compared with 13 percent of the patients assigned to placebo (P=0.001 and P=0.04, respectively). The median length of time during which the fistulas remained closed was three months. More than 60 percent of patients in all the groups had adverse events. For patients treated with infliximab, the most common were headache, abscess, upper respiratory tract infection, and fatigue.


CONCLUSIONS
Infliximab is an efficacious treatment for fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease.
Paramedic determinations of medical necessity: a meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION
Reducing unnecessary ambulance transports may have operational and economic benefits for emergency medical services (EMS) agencies and receiving emergency departments. However, no consensus exists on the ability of paramedics to accurately and safely identify patients who do not require ambulance transport. Objective. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated studies reporting U.S. paramedics' ability to determine medical necessity of ambulance transport.


METHODS
PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Cochrane Library databases were searched using Cochrane Prehospital and Emergency Care Field search terms combined with the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms "triage"; "utilization review"; "health services misuse"; "severity of illness index," and "trauma severity indices." Two reviewers independently evaluated each title to identify relevant studies; each abstract then underwent independent review to identify studies requiring full appraisal. Inclusion criteria were original research; emergency responses; determinations of medical necessity by U.S. paramedics; and a reference standard comparison. The primary outcome measure of interest was the negative predictive value (NPV) of paramedic determinations. For studies reporting sufficient data, agreement between paramedic and reference standard determinations was measured using kappa; sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) were also calculated.


RESULTS
From 9,752 identified titles, 214 abstracts were evaluated, with 61 studies selected for full review. Five studies met the inclusion criteria (interrater reliability, kappa = 0.75). Reference standards included physician opinion (n = 3), hospital admission (n = 1), and a composite of physician opinion and patient clinical circumstances (n = 1). The NPV ranged from 0.610 to 0.997. Results lacked homogeneity across studies; meta-analysis using a random-effects model produced an aggregate NPV of 0.912 (95% confidence interval: 0.707-0.978). Only two studies reported complete 2 x 2 data: kappa was 0.105 and 0.427; sensitivity was 0.992 and 0.841; specificity was 0.356 and 0.581; and PPV was 0.158 and 0.823.


CONCLUSION
The results of the few studies evaluating U.S. paramedic determinations of medical necessity for ambulance transport vary considerably, and only two studies report complete data. The aggregate NPV of the paramedic determinations is 0.91, with a lower confidence limit of 0.71. These data do not support the practice of paramedics' determining whether patients require ambulance transport. These findings have implications for EMS systems, emergency departments, and third-party payers.
The development of a hierarchical forecasting method for predicting spare parts demand in the South Korean Navy—A case study

In the South Korean Navy the demand for many spare parts is infrequent and the volume of items required is irregular. This pattern, known as non-normal demand, makes forecasting difficult. This paper uses data obtained from the South Korean Navy to compare the performance of various forecasting methods that use hierarchical and direct forecasting strategies for predicting the demand for spare parts. A simple combination of exponential smoothing models was found to minimise forecasting errors. A simulation experiment verified that this approach also minimised inventory costs.
Assessment of Knowledge of Pregnant Mothers on Maternal Nutrition and Associated Factors in Guto Gida Woreda, East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia

All human beings need a balanced amount of nutrients for proper functioning of the body system. Nutrition is a fundamental pillar of human life, health and development throughout the entire life span [1]. Proper food and good nutrition are essential for survival, physical growth, mental development, performance and productivity, health and wellbeing. However, the nutrition requirement varies with respect to age, gender and during physiological changes such as pregnancy. Pregnancy is such a critical phase in a woman's life, when the expecting mother needs optimal nutrients of superior qualities to support the developing fetus. Naturally, the urge to eat more is experienced by nearly all pregnant women [1].
Epidermal growth factor regulates connexin 43 in the human epididymis: role of gap junctions in azoospermia.

BACKGROUND
Gap junctions (GJs) allow for direct communication between adjacent cells. They are composed of connexons consisting of transmembrane proteins, connexins (Cxs). The objectives of this study were to determine if GJ proteins GJA1 (Cx43), GJB1 (Cx32) and GJB2 (Cx26) are present in the epididymis of men with a normal epididymis, to assess whether or not Cx expression and localization are altered in azoospermic patients, and to determine if epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulates GJA1 expression.


METHODS
Epididymides were obtained from men with localized testis cancer with active spermatogenesis and histologically normal epididymal tubule (group 1), men with non-obstructive azoospermia secondary to Sertoli-cell only syndrome (group 2) and from azoospermic men with normal spermatogenesis and epididymal obstruction (group 3). Epididymides were subdivided into three segments: caput, corpus and cauda. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed to assess GJA1, GJB1, GJB2 and EGF receptor (EGFR) mRNA levels in epididymides from patients from each group (all n=3, except n=1 for caput blockage). A human caput epididymal cell line was then used to determine the role of EGFR signaling on the regulation of human epididymal GJA1.


RESULTS
Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that GJA1, GJB1, GJB2 and EGFR were expressed along the human epididymis. In the cauda epididymidis of group 2 and 3 men, we observed a significant decrease in GJA1 (P=0.0456 and P=0.0465, respectively) and GJB1 (P=0.0450 and P=0.0497, respectively) mRNA levels when compared with group 1 men. We also observed a decrease in EGFR mRNA levels (P=0.0358) in the cauda epididymidis of group 3 men when compared with group 1. Immunocytochemistry revealed that in the epididymis, GJA1 and EGFR were localized between basal and principal cells and between adjacent principal cells. In group 2 and 3 patients, however, we noted a dramatic increase in cytosolic immunostaining for both GJA1 and EGFR in both principal and basal cells. Using a human caput epididymal cell line derived from fertile men, we demonstrated that changes in GJA1 phosphorylation could be regulated by EGF (P=0.015) and the extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway (P=0.03). Furthermore, while the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway did not alter GJA1 phosphorylation, treatment with PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 significantly (P=0.024) inhibited the EGF-stimulated increase in GJA1 total protein levels at 24 h. Immunolocalization indicated that loss of PI3K/AKT signaling was associated with increased cytosolic localization of Cx43 in this cell line.


CONCLUSIONS
Together, these data suggest that in azoospermic men decreased expression of EGFR may be responsible for decreasing GJA1 levels and increasing its cytosolic localization via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment on blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

BACKGROUND
There is increasing evidence that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for arterial hypertension. Because there are no controlled studies showing a substantial effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) therapy on hypertension in OSA, the impact of treatment on cardiovascular sequelae has been questioned altogether. Therefore, we studied the effect of nCPAP on arterial hypertension in patients with OSA.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Sixty consecutive patients with moderate to severe OSA were randomly assigned to either effective or subtherapeutic nCPAP for 9 weeks on average. Nocturnal polysomnography and continuous noninvasive blood pressure recording for 19 hours was performed before and with treatment. Thirty two patients, 16 in each group, completed the study. Apneas and hypopneas were reduced by approximately 95% and 50% in the therapeutic and subtherapeutic groups, respectively. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased by 9.9+/-11.4 mm Hg with effective nCPAP treatment, whereas no relevant change occurred with subtherapeutic nCPAP (P=0.01). Mean, diastolic, and systolic blood pressures all decreased significantly by approximately 10 mm Hg, both at night and during the day.


CONCLUSIONS
Effective nCPAP treatment in patients with moderate to severe OSA leads to a substantial reduction in both day and night arterial blood pressure. The fact that a 50% reduction in the apnea-hypopnea index did not result in a decrease in blood pressure emphasizes the importance of highly effective treatment. The drop in mean blood pressure by 10 mm Hg would be predicted to reduce coronary heart disease event risk by 37% and stroke risk by 56%.
Completion of mitral isthmus ablation using a steerable sheath: prospective randomized comparison with a nonsteerable sheath.

BACKGROUND
Although mitral isthmus (MI) ablation in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients has been shown to be an effective ablative strategy, the establishment of the bidirectional conduction block of the MI is technically challenging. We investigated the usefulness of a steerable sheath for MI ablation in patients with persistent AF and its impact on the clinical outcome of persistent AF ablation.


METHODS
A total of 80 consecutive patients undergoing MI ablation were randomized to 1 of the following 2 groups: group S (using a steerable long sheath) or group NS (using a nonsteerable long sheath). MI ablation was performed by using an open-irrigated ablation catheter with the guidance of a 3-dimensional mapping system. The endpoint of the MI ablation was the achievement of a bidirectional block.


RESULTS
Bidirectional block through the MI was achieved in 87.5% (70/80) of patients with 14.0 ± 6.7 minutes of radiofrequency application. The bidirectional block was more frequently achieved in patients in group S compared to group NS (97.5% (39/40) vs 77.5% (31/40), P = 0.02). Additionally, epicardial ablation within the coronary sinus was less frequently required in group S compared to group NS (12.5% (5/40) vs 72.5% (29/40), P < 0.0001). Atrial tachycardia after the procedure more frequently occurred in the patients in whom MI block had not been achieved during the initial procedure (40.0% (4/10) vs 10.0% (7/70), P = 0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
The MI block could be achieved in the majority of patients by using a steerable sheath. An incomplete MI block increased the risk of AT following persistent AF ablation.
EL Cine del Futuro: The Cinema of the Future

Presence Volume /, Number 3. Summer / 992 Reprinted from Espacios 23-24, 1955. © / 992 The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Pandemonium reigns supreme in the film industry. Ever)' studio is hastily converting to its own "revolutionär)'" system—Cinerama, Colorama, Panoramic Screen, Cinemascope, Three-D, and Stereophonic Sound. A dozen marquees in Time Square are luring customers into the realm of a "sensational new experience." Everywhere we see the "initiated" holding pencils before the winked eyes of the "uninitiated" explaining the mysteries of 3-D. The critics are lining up pro and con concluding their articles profoundly with "after all, it's the story that counts." Along with other filmgoers desiring orientation, I have been reading these articles and have sadly discovered that they reflect this confusion rather than illuminate it. It is apparent that the inability to cope with the problem stems from a refusal to adopt a wider frame of reference, and from a meager understanding of the place art has in life generally. All living things engage, on a higher or lower level, in a continuous cycle of orientation and action. For example, an animal on a mountain ledge hears a rumbling sound and sees an avalanche of rocks descending on it. It cries with
On Sampling Strategies for Neural Network-based Collaborative Filtering

Recent advances in neural networks have inspired people to design hybrid recommendation algorithms that can incorporate both (1) user-item interaction information and (2) content information including image, audio, and text. Despite their promising results, neural network-based recommendation algorithms pose extensive computational costs, making it challenging to scale and improve upon. In this paper, we propose a general neural network-based recommendation framework, which subsumes several existing state-of-the-art recommendation algorithms, and address the efficiency issue by investigating sampling strategies in the stochastic gradient descent training for the framework. We tackle this issue by first establishing a connection between the loss functions and the user-item interaction bipartite graph, where the loss function terms are defined on links while major computation burdens are located at nodes. We call this type of loss functions "graph-based" loss functions, for which varied mini-batch sampling strategies can have different computational costs. Based on the insight, three novel sampling strategies are proposed, which can significantly improve the training efficiency of the proposed framework (up to $\times 30$ times speedup in our experiments), as well as improving the recommendation performance. Theoretical analysis is also provided for both the computational cost and the convergence. We believe the study of sampling strategies have further implications on general graph-based loss functions, and would also enable more research under the neural network-based recommendation framework.
Style Transfer from Non-Parallel Text by Cross-Alignment

This paper focuses on style transfer on the basis of non-parallel text. This is an instance of a broad family of problems including machine translation, decipherment, and sentiment modification. The key challenge is to separate the content from other aspects such as style. We assume a shared latent content distribution across different text corpora, and propose a method that leverages refined alignment of latent representations to perform style transfer. The transferred sentences from one style should match example sentences from the other style as a population. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this cross-alignment method on three tasks: sentiment modification, decipherment of word substitution ciphers, and recovery of word order.1
Do History and Geography Matter? Regional Unemployment Dynamics in a Resource-Dependent Economy: Evidence from Western Australia, 1984–2011

Conceptual and methodological differences notwithstanding, both the ‘new’ economic geography and evolutionary economic geography insist that both history and geography matter when accounting for the changing spatial distribution of economic activities. To date, discourse has been conducted largely at a theoretical level, with few attempts to evaluate the empirical validity of either of these competing claims about the dynamics of the capitalist space economy. In this paper we contribute to this evolving discourse by utilizing a dynamic econometric perspective to empirically test the key notions of path dependence, place dependence, and equilibrium dependence in the context of a ‘peripheral’ resource dependent and export-oriented economy: Western Australia, 1984–2011. We find evidence of ‘weak’ path dependence in the evolution of local unemployment rates, with a small number of local labor markets exhibiting ‘strong’ equilibrium dependence. Furthermore, we find evidence of ‘place’ dependence, particularly between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan labor markets, suggesting the existence of a ‘patchwork economy’. Keywords: unemployment dynamics, resource boom, Western Australia, regional development
Synthesis of Finite-state and Definable Winning Strategies

Church's Problem asks for the construction of a procedure which, 
given a logical specification $\varphi$ on sequence pairs, realizes 
for any input sequence $I$ an output sequence $O$ such that $(I,O)$ 
satisfies $\varphi$. McNaughton reduced Church's Problem to a problem about two-player$\omega$-games. 
B\"uchi and Landweber gave a solution for 
Monadic Second-Order Logic of Order ($\MLO$) specifications in terms of finite-state strategies. 
 
We consider two natural generalizations of the Church problem to 
countable ordinals: the first deals with finite-state strategies; 
the second deals with $\MLO$-definable strategies. We investigate 
games of arbitrary countable length and prove the computability of 
these generalizations of Church's problem.
Brief report: Recognition of autism spectrum disorder before one year of age: a retrospective study based on home videotapes.

year of age and allowed for some regularity in the taping situation. Differences between 11 typically developing infants and 11 infants with autism spectrum disorder were found in three general areas: social, joint attention, and autistic-like symptoms. The specific behaviors of looking at the face of another person, showing , pointing, and failing to orient to name correctly classified 91% of the participants according to diagnostic group (10/11 with autism spectrum disorder and 10/11 with typical development). More recently, Baranek (1999) viewed 9–12 month home videotapes of children with autism, mental retardation, and typical development. Infants with autism were found to have poor visual attention, require more prompts to respond to their name, excessively mouth objects, and more frequently show aversion to social touch. The current study aimed to characterize infants with autism spectrum disorder less than 1 year of age. To this end, the current study extended downward the study conducted by Osterling and Dawson (1994) by examing earlier videotapes taken from the same samples studied in the Osterling and Dawson study as well as the videotapes of 8 infants (4 with autistic spectrum disorder, 4 with typical development) who did not participate in the Osterling and Dawson study who were added in order to enlarge the samples. Although little is known about the symptoms of autism in early infancy, research has been able to reliably identify a cluster of behavioral impairments that characterize preschool children with autism. This cluster includes impairments in paying attention to others (eye contact, orienting), imitating the actions of others, affective responsivity, and joint attention behaviors (e.
A Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of the anticancer MET inhibitor foretinib free base tablet formulation to bisphosphate salt capsule formulation in patients with solid tumors

Purpose This phase I, open-label, randomized, 2-part crossover study assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of single doses of the anticancer MET inhibitor foretinib (formerly known as GSK1363089, EXEL-2880 and XL-880) free base tablet formulation compared to a bisphosphate salt capsule formulation (Part 1), and assessed the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of the bisphosphate salt capsule administered 3 times a week in cancer patients (Part 2). Patients and Methods In Part 1, patients were randomized in a crossover manner to receive a single oral dose of foretinib formulated as a bisphosphate salt capsule (240 mg; 183 mg free base equivalent) followed one week later by a single dose of a free base tablet (180 mg), or vice versa where the treatment sequence was reversed. In Part 2, patients self-administered oral doses of bisphosphate salt capsules (200 mg) 3 times a week until disease progression. Results Twelve patients with solid tumors were enrolled and completed Part 1, and 10 patients continued into Part 2. Most AEs were mild or moderate in severity. The most common drug-related AEs were fatigue, diarrhea, and nausea. The least-squares (LS) mean total area under the curve was 3144 and 3514 ng*h/mL for the free base tablet and bisphosphate salt capsule, respectively, with a ratio of 0.89 (90% confidence interval, CI: 0.69, 1.16). The LS mean maximal concentration (Cmax) was 81.6 and 98.5 ng/mL for the free base and bisphosphate salt, respectively, with a ratio of 0.83 (90% confidence interval, CI: 0.67, 1.02). The time to reach Cmax was ∼4 h for both formulations. The pharmacokinetics of foretinib were not clinically different between the 2 formulations. Of the 10 patients assessed for efficacy, 3 patients achieved stable disease. Conclusions Foretinib was well tolerated as single doses of both the free base and bisphosphate salt formulations. The pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of the 2 formulations were not clinically different. The bisphosphate salt formulation was well tolerated on a 3-times a week dosing schedule, and reached steady-state plasma concentration after 2 weeks.
Detect and Prevent SIP Flooding Attacks in VoLTE by Utilizing a Two-Tier PFilter Design

As a new generation voice service, Voice over LTE (VoLTE) has attracted worldwide attentions in both the academia and industry. Different from the traditional voice call based on circuit-switched (CS), VoLTE evolves into the packet-switched (PS) field, which has long been open to the public. Though designed rigorously, similar to VoIP services, VoLTE also suffers from SIP (Session Initiation Protocal) flooding attacks. Due to the high performance requirement, the SIP flooding attacks in VoLTE is more difficult to defend than that in traditional VoIP service. In this paper, enlightened by Counting Bloom Filter (CBF), we design a versatile CBF-like structure, PFilter, to detect the flooding anomalies. Compared with previous relevant works, our scheme gains advantages in many aspects including detection of low-rate flooding attack and stealthy flooding attack. Moreover, not only can our scheme detect the attacks with high accuracy, but also find out the attackers to ensure normal operation of VoLTE by eliminating their negative effects. Extensive experiments are performed to well evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. key words: SIP flooding attack, PFilter, count, filter