LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Clutter effects on ground moving targets' interferometric phase

This paper investigates the effect of stationary clutter on the moving target along-track interferometric (ATI) phase, which is often used to estimate the target across-track velocity in slant range. The ATI phase is examined in terms of multilook statistics and signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) using both simulated and airborne data. The RADARSAT-2 “three-aperture” capability (obtained via its transmitter toggle mode) is presented for the first time, showing a potentially significant improvement in the ATI phase measurement accuracy.
Balance disorders in childhood: Main etiologies according to age. Usefulness of the video head impulse test.

UNLABELLED
Balance disorders are common in adult patients but less usual in the pediatric population. When this symptomatology appears in children it is a cause for concern, both for parents and health-care professionals.


OBJECTIVES
To explain the balance disorders in children describing a case series and to discuss the main etiologies found according to age.


STUDY DESIGN
A retrospective, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted.


POPULATION
Patients aged 1-18 years who consulted because of balance disorders at the otolaryngology department of a pediatric tertiary-care hospital between March 2012 and July 2015.


RESULTS
Two hundred and six patients were included in the study. Median age was 10 years. The most common diagnoses were vestibular migraine in 21.8% of the children, ataxia in 9.22%, benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood in 7.77%, and post-traumatic vertigo in 6.31%.Overall, 61 videonystagmographies- of which 46 were normal - and 55 video head impulse tests - which were normal in 45 and showed abnormalities in the vestibulo-ocular reflex gain in 10 - were performed.


CONCLUSIONS
In a child with balance disorders, the medical history and neurotological examination are essential. Vestibular migraine is the most commonly found disorder in every age group, and most of the patients have a family history of migraine. Ancillary studies, especially the video head-impulse test, provide important data to confirm the diagnosis.
Gender differences in risk profile and outcome of Middle Eastern patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

OBJECTIVES
To determine the gender differences in cardiovascular risk profile and outcomes among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: In a prospective multicenter study of consecutive Middle Eastern patients managed with PCI from January 2013 to February 2014 in 12 tertiary care centers in Amman and Irbid, Jordan. Clinical and coronary angiographic features, and major cardiovascular events were assessed for both genders from hospital stay to 1 year. Results: Women comprised 20.6% of 2426 enrolled patients, were older (mean age 62.9 years versus 57.2 years), had higher prevalence of hypertension (81% versus 57%), diabetes (66% versus 44%), dyslipidemia (58% versus 46%), and obesity (44% versus 25%) compared with men, p less than 0.001. The PCI for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction was indicated for fewer women than men (23% versus 33%; p=0.001). Prevalence of single or multi-vessel coronary artery disease was similar in women and men. More women than men had major bleeding during hospitalization (2.2% versus 0.6%; p=0.003) and at one year (2.5% versus 0.9%; p=0.007). There were no significant differences between women and men in mortality (3.1% versus 1.7%) or stent thrombosis (2.1% versus 1.8%) at 1 year. Conclusion: Middle Eastern women undergoing PCI had worse baseline risk profile compared with men.Except for major bleeding, no gender differences in the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events were demonstrated.
Phase I trial of doxorubicin-containing low temperature sensitive liposomes in spontaneous canine tumors.

PURPOSE
To determine the maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicities, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of doxorubicin encapsulated in a low temperature sensitive liposome (LTSL) when given concurrently with local hyperthermia to canine solid tumors.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Privately owned dogs with solid tumors (carcinomas or sarcomas) were treated. The tumors did not involve bone and were located at sites amenable to local hyperthermia. LTSL-doxorubicin was given (0.7-1.0 mg/kg i.v.) over 30 minutes during local tumor hyperthermia in a standard phase I dose escalation study. Three treatments, given 3 weeks apart, were scheduled. Toxicity was monitored for an additional month. Pharmacokinetics were evaluated during the first treatment cycle.


RESULTS
Twenty-one patients were enrolled: 18 with sarcomas and 3 with carcinomas. Grade 4 neutropenia and acute death secondary to liver failure, possibly drug related, were the dose-limiting toxicities. The maximum tolerated dose was 0.93 mg/kg. Other toxicities, with the possible exception of renal damage, were consistent with those observed following free doxorubicin administration. Of the 20 dogs that received > or = 2 doses of LTSL-doxorubicin, 12 had stable disease, and 6 had a partial response to treatment. Pharmacokinetic variables were more similar to those of free doxorubicin than the marketed liposomal product. Tumor drug concentrations at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg averaged 9.12 +/- 6.17 ng/mg tissue.


CONCLUSION
LTSL-doxorubicin offers a novel approach to improving drug delivery to solid tumors. It was well tolerated and resulted in favorable response profiles in these patients. Additional evaluation in human patients is warranted.
Cramer-Rao Lower Bound and Information Geometry

This article focuses on an important piece of work of the world renowned Indian statistician, Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao. In 1945, C. R. Rao (25 years old then) published a pathbreaking paper [43], which had a profound impact on subsequent statistical research. Roughly speaking, Rao obtained a lower bound to the variance of an estimator. The importance of this work can be gauged, for instance, by the fact that it has been reprinted in the volume Breakthroughs in Statistics: Foundations and Basic Theory [32]. There have been two major impacts of this work:
Strategic Planning with Critical Success Factors and Future Scenarios : An Integrated Strategic Planning Framework

The ideas and findings in this report should not be construed as an official DoD position. It is published in the interest of scientific and technical information exchange. Use of any trademarks in this report is not intended in any way to infringe on the rights of the trademark holder. Internal use. Permission to reproduce this document and to prepare derivative works from this document for internal use is granted, provided the copyright and " No Warranty " statements are included with all reproductions and derivative works. External use. This document may be reproduced in its entirety, without modification, and freely distributed in written or electronic form without requesting formal permission. Permission is required for any other external and/or commercial use. a federally funded research and development center. The Government of the United States has a royalty-free government-purpose license to use, duplicate, or disclose the work, in whole or in part and in any manner, and to have or permit others to do so, for government purposes pursuant to the copyright license under the clause at 252.227-7013. Abstract xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose and Structure of this Report 1 1.2 Background 1 1.3 The Strategic Planning Landscape 1
Proteolipids. V. The activity of lipid cytochrome C.

Abstract Lipid-cytochrome c prepared according to the procedure of Das and Crane 1 was found to be highly active in the transfer of electrons from ascorbate via tetramethyl- p -phenylenediamine and the cytochrome oxidase system to O 2 . The proteolipid can be assayed in aqueous medium after microdispersion by sonication. An assay method is described in detail. Lipid-cytochrome c micelles aggregate at or below pH 5.5, and the aggregate has no detectable activity. The pH optimum of lipid-cytochrome c oxidation was found at pH 6.0. High ionic strength which decomposes the lipid complex also impairs the activity. These observations are discussed in terms of the phospholipid requirements of the cytochrome-oxidase reaction.
Physical activity does not inevitably improve quality of life in young adults with type 1 diabetes.

Relationships between exercise, glucose control and diabetes dependent quality of life (DDQoL) are not straightforward. We investigated the DDQoL of 99 persons with type 1 diabetes and linked it to individual amount of weekly physical activity and HbA1c. Physically active lifestyle was not associated with better DDQoL or glucose control.
The Effect of Skin Pressure on Needle Entry Point Accuracy During Fluoroscopically Guided Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Injections: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of skin pressure on needle entry point accuracy during fluoroscopically guided lumbar transforaminal epidural injection.


DESIGN
This study is a prospective randomized clinical trial; 64 patients with a body mass index of 25 kg/m or greater were enrolled. For patients in the pressing group, the operator marked the needle entry point on the patient's back while pressing the patient's skin with the tip of an indicator. For patients in the nonpressing group, the tip of the indicator was gently positioned on the patient's skin. The data related to technical performance and radiation exposure during the procedure were compared.


RESULTS
Sixty patients (nonpressing group, n = 30; pressing group, n = 30) were analyzed. There were more attempts to reposition the needle (n) and increased procedure time (in seconds) in the pressing group (median, 5 vs. 4 [P = 0.019]; 400.0 vs. 358.5 [P = 0.033]). The fluoroscopy time (in seconds) and the kerma-area product (in cGy cm) were also significantly longer and greater in the pressing group, respectively (median, 63.5 vs. 50.5 [P = 0.038]; 416.3 vs. 318.6 [P = 0.014]).


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that practitioners should not press the skin with a radiopaque indicator when determining the needle entry point by fluoroscopy during lumbar transforaminal epidural injection.
Screening women at moderate risk of breast cancer.

Breast cancer risk is grouped into high risk, moderate risk and woman at or near population risk. Who are moderate-risk women? How is their risk assessed? What is the evidence and best practice for screening moderate-risk women?
A preliminary study of 24-hour post-cesarean patient controlled analgesia: postoperative pain reports and morphine requests/utilization are greater in abstaining smokers than non-smokers.

BACKGROUND
Previous clinical studies have not examined the relationship between nicotine abstinence and opioid use for postoperative analgesia. This may be important because tobacco smokers are routinely required to abstain from smoking just before and during acute post-surgical recovery. This study investigated IV morphine self-administration [patient controlled analgesia (PCA)], subjective pain/drug effects and other measures during post-operative (elective Cesarean section) recovery.


MATERIAL/METHODS
Seven females, selected to vary in nicotine use [4 non-using controls (CON), 3 users (NIC)], completed the protocol. Gender, time and type of surgery, and pre- and intra-operative medications were controlled. Subject assessments included the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Profile of Mood States; drug effects were measured using the Addiction Research Center Inventory.


RESULTS
Mean (M +/-SD) 24-hr morphine responding (button-pressing requests) was significantly higher for NIC (M=183+/-50) than CON (M=38+/-10). Weight-adjusted morphine use (mg/kg/24 hr) was significantly higher for NIC (M=1.80+/-0.23) than CON (M=0.64+/-0.14). Although the groups reported similar pain severity following morphine loading, NIC patients reported significantly greater pain severity than CON patients after 24 hr PCA.


CONCLUSIONS
These preliminary data suggest that a history of nicotine use and/or short-term nicotine abstinence can modulate morphine use and analgesia during post-operative recovery. These procedures provide a model for studying patterns and determinants of analgesic self-administration in medical settings.
Orchard factors affecting postharvest stone fruit quality

Although stone fruit quality cannot be improved, only maintained, after harvest, little research has been conducted on the influence of preharvest factors on stone fruit postharvest quality and potential postharvest life. We believe that the maximum fruit quality for each cultivar can be achieved only by understanding the roles of preharvest factors in fruit quality. This article reviews the influences of orchard factors, such as mineral nutrition, irrigation, crop load, and fruit canopy position on fruit quality, market life potential, and internal breakdown (IB). The literature indicates that quality, market life, and IB are related to preharvest factors. Thus, there is a need to continue studying these factors to deliver high quality fruit to the consumer. In recent years the production of stone fruits has increased rapidly, but consumption has remained low at -2.7 k g . y e d per capita for nectarines and peaches and -0.6 kg.yearl per capita for plums and fresh prunes (U.S. Dept. of Agr., 1994). Surveys conducted to explain the low rate of consumption of stone fruits found that consumers were botheredmainly by lackofflavorand IB problems(Bruhnetal., 1991). Since production is still increasing, more attention must be given to the production and delivery of high-quality stone fruits to increase consumer demand. Studies have associated high consumer acceptance with high soluble solids concentration (SSC) in many commodities (Kader, 1994; Parker et al., 1991), but there are more factors involved, such as acidity (Kader, 1994; Peterson and Ivans, 1988), SSC/acidity ratio (Kader, 1994; Nelson, 1985; Rodan, 1988), phenolics (Robertson and Meredith, 1989), and volatiles (Romani, 1971). In peach (Pruws persica (L.) Batsch], plum (Prumrs salicina Lindel.), and nectarine [Prunus persica var. nectarine (L.) Batsch], there is limited information on the relationship between consumer acceptance and ripe fruit chemical composition (Claypool, 1977; Kader, 1994; Mitchell et al., 1990). Since we do not have enough information on this subject, we are not able to propose any quality standards without detailed studies to support them (Crisosto, 1994a). One important complex cause of quality deterioration and consumer complaints in apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.), peaches, nectarines, plums, and prunes (Pmnusdamesrica L.) is the presence of flesh browning, flesh mealiness, darkened pit cavity, flesh translucence, red pigment accumulation (bleeding), and loss of flavor (Crisosto et al., 1995a, 1995b; Mitchell and Kader, 1989). These symptoms result from IB, which is also called chilling injury, dry fruit, or woolliness. 1B normally appears during prolonged cold storage andor after ripening at‘room temperature following cold storage. This disorder is the main limitation to long-term storage and shipping to distant markets for IB-susceptible cultivars. There is little published information on the possible influence of preharvest factors on IB incidence (Claypool, 1977; Saenz, 1991). During the past I O years, increased research emphasis has been
Managing Churn to Maximize Profits

Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Please do not copy or distribute without explicit permission of the authors. Abstract Customer defection or churn is a widespread phenomenon that threatens firms across a variety of industries with dramatic financial consequences. To tackle this problem, companies are developing sophisticated churn management strategies. These strategies typically involve two steps – ranking customers based on their estimated propensity to churn, and then offering retention incentives to a subset of customers at the top of the churn ranking. The implicit assumption is that this process would maximize firm's profits by targeting customers who are most likely to churn. However, current marketing research and practice aims at maximizing the correct classification of churners and non-churners. Profit from targeting a customer depends on not only a customer's propensity to churn, but also on her spend or value, her probability of responding to retention offers, as well as the cost of these offers. Overall profit of the firm also depends on the number of customers the firm decides to target for its retention campaign. We propose a predictive model that accounts for all these elements. Our optimization algorithm uses stochastic gradient boosting, a state-of-the-art numerical algorithm based on stage-wise gradient descent. It also determines the optimal number of customers to target. The resulting optimal customer ranking and target size selection leads to, on average, a 115% improvement in profit compared to current methods. Remarkably, the improvement in profit comes along with more prediction errors in terms of which customers will churn. However, the new loss function leads to better predictions where it matters the most for the company's profits. For a company like Verizon Wireless, this translates into a profit increase of at least $28 million from a single retention campaign, without any additional implementation cost.
6. The Ordering of Crime in Republican Beijing from the 1910s to the 1930s

The analysis in this chapter reveals that the sweeping changes in the criminal justice system in China during the early twentieth century not only transformed the legal system, but also reconstructed the knowledge systems about crimes and criminals. Local sociologists began to catch up in the 1920s and produced important work in an attempt to develop their own sociological discourse on the problem of crime in China. Lawmaking and enforcement agencies, with their own missions and visions, revisited the legal ordering of crimes at the turn of the twentieth century. The policing agency of Beijing had been responsible for collecting data concerning various aspects of life in the city since the imperial period, with crime data being one of the most widely collected. Such data not only provided useful information about the rise and fall of crime numbers, but also traced the spatial order of crimes over time. Keywords:Beijing; early twentieth century; legal reordering of crime; sociological order of crime; spatial order of crime
Mobile augmented reality for books on a shelf

Retrieving information about books on a bookshelf by snapping a photo of book spines with a mobile device is very useful for book-stores, libraries, offices, and homes. In this paper, we develop a new mobile augmented reality system for book spine recognition. Our system achieves very low recognition delays, around 1 second, to support real-time augmentation on a mobile device's viewfinder. We infer user interest by analyzing the motion of objects seen in the viewfinder. Our system initiates a query during each low-motion interval. This selection mechanism eliminates the need to press a button and avoids using degraded motion-blurred query frames during high-motion intervals. The viewfinder is augmented with a book's identity, prices from different vendors, average user rating, location within the enclosing bookshelf, and a digital compass marker. We present a new tiled search strategy for finding the location in the bookshelf with improved accuracy in half the time as in a previous state-of-the-art system. Our AR system has been implemented on an Android smartphone.
Prognostic factors of profound idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Profound idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss is thought to have a poor prognosis, but few studies have focused on this condition. We aimed to assess the impact of patient factors, audiologic parameters, and salvage intratympanic steroid injection therapy on the prognosis of profound idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The demographic, clinical, and audiologic data, degree of hearing recovery, and efficacy of intratympanic steroid injection therapy in 576 patients with profound idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (mean age 56.2 ± 14.9 years) who had been admitted at four tertiary referral centers between 2000 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean hearing level at the initial presentation was 108.1 ± 9.5 dB. Many patients experienced vertigo (52.1 %) and tinnitus (77.4 %). At the 2-month follow-up, 172 (29.8 %) patients showed some degree of hearing recovery, but only 21 (3.6 %) patients recovered normal hearing. Further, the 116 patients who had received salvage intratympanic steroid injections showed a better audiologic outcome (improvement, 26.1 ± 24.3 vs. 15.7 ± 22.1 dB; P = 0.000) than those who had not (n = 429). In conclusion, a higher degree of hearing loss at the initial presentation indicates a poorer prognosis. Salvage intratympanic steroid injection therapy may improve the hearing of patients with profound idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss after the failure of systemic steroid therapy.
Accuracy of a novel prototype dynamic computer-assisted surgery system.

OBJECTIVES
To implement and evaluate the accuracy of a prototype dynamic computer-assisted surgery (CAS) system for implant osteotomy preparation and compare its accuracy vs. three commercial static CAS systems and the use of an acrylic stent.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Eight osteotomies were prepared in radiopaque partially edentulous mandible and maxilla typodonts. After cone-beam CT acquisition, DICOM files were imported into a prototype dynamic, and three static CAS systems (NobelClinician, Simplant, and CoDiagnostiX). Implant placements were planned to replicate the existing osteotomies and respective guides were requisitioned, along with one laboratory-made acrylic guide. The eight osteotomies per jaw were transferred to one typodont pair mounted in a manikin in a clinical setting and the process was repeated for four additional pairs. The 80 (two jaws × eight holes × five pairs) osteotomies were filled with radiopaque cement in-between the testing series. Three clinicians experienced with the use of the static CAS softwares used in this study prepared each 400 (80 holes × five modalities) osteotomies. One clinician repeated the experiment twice, resulting in a total of 2000 (five clinicians × 400) osteotomies. The lateral, vertical, total, and angular deviations of the actual vs. the original osteotomies in the master typodonts were measured using stereo optical tracking cameras. Linear regression statistics using generalized estimating equations were used for comparisons between the five modalities and omnibus chi-square tests applied to assess statistical significance of differences.


RESULTS
The prototype dynamic CAS system was as accurate as other implant surgery planning and transfer modalities. The dynamic and static CAS systems provide superior accuracy vs. a laboratory-made acrylic guide, except vertically. Both dynamic and static CAS systems show on average <2 mm and 5 degrees error. Large deviations between planned and actual osteotomies were occasionally observed, which needs to be considered in clinical practice.


CONCLUSIONS
The prototype dynamic CAS system was comparably accurate to static CAS systems.