LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Infarction - Stress PRevention INTervention (MI-SPRINT) to reduce the incidence of posttraumatic stress after acute myocardial infarction through trauma-focused psychological counseling: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may occur in patients after exposure to a life-threatening illness. About one out of six patients develop clinically relevant levels of PTSD symptoms after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Symptoms of PTSD are associated with impaired quality of life and increase the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. The main hypothesis of the MI-SPRINT study is that trauma-focused psychological counseling is more effective than non-trauma focused counseling in preventing posttraumatic stress after acute MI.


METHODS/DESIGN
The study is a single-center, randomized controlled psychological trial with two active intervention arms. The sample consists of 426 patients aged 18 years or older who are at 'high risk' to develop clinically relevant posttraumatic stress symptoms. 'High risk' patients are identified with three single-item questions with a numeric rating scale (0 to 10) asking about 'pain during MI', 'fear of dying until admission' and/or 'worrying and feeling helpless when being told about having MI'. Exclusion criteria are emergency heart surgery, severe comorbidities, current severe depression, disorientation, cognitive impairment and suicidal ideation. Patients will be randomly allocated to a single 45-minute counseling session targeting either specific MI-triggered traumatic reactions (that is, the verum intervention) or the general role of psychosocial stress in coronary heart disease (that is, the control intervention). The session will take place in the coronary care unit within 48 hours, by the bedside, after patients have reached stable circulatory conditions. Each patient will additionally receive an illustrated information booklet as study material. Sociodemographic factors, psychosocial and medical data, and cardiometabolic risk factors will be assessed during hospitalization. The primary outcome is the interviewer-rated posttraumatic stress level at three-month follow-up, which is hypothesized to be at least 20% lower in the verum group than in the control group using the t-test. Secondary outcomes are posttraumatic stress levels at 12-month follow-up, and psychosocial functioning and cardiometabolic risk factors at both follow-up assessments.


DISCUSSION
If the verum intervention proves to be effective, the study will be the first to show that a brief trauma-focused psychological intervention delivered within a somatic health care setting can reduce the incidence of posttraumatic stress in acute MI patients.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01781247.
Against the moral Turing test: accountable design and the moral reasoning of autonomous systems

This paper argues against the moral Turing test (MTT) as a framework for evaluating the moral performance of autonomous systems. Though the term has been carefully introduced, considered, and cautioned about in previous discussions (Allen et al. in J Exp Theor Artif Intell 12(3):251–261, 2000; Allen and Wallach 2009), it has lingered on as a touchstone for developing computational approaches to moral reasoning (Gerdes and Øhrstrøm in J Inf Commun Ethics Soc 13(2):98–109, 2015). While these efforts have not led to the detailed development of an MTT, they nonetheless retain the idea to discuss what kinds of action and reasoning should be demanded of autonomous systems. We explore the flawed basis of an MTT in imitation, even one based on scenarios of morally accountable actions. MTT-based evaluations are vulnerable to deception, inadequate reasoning, and inferior moral performance vis a vis a system’s capabilities. We propose verification—which demands the design of transparent, accountable processes of reasoning that reliably prefigure the performance of autonomous systems—serves as a superior framework for both designer and system alike. As autonomous social robots in particular take on an increasing range of critical roles within society, we conclude that verification offers an essential, albeit challenging, moral measure of their design and performance.
Political Bias and War

We examine how countries' incentives to go to war depend on the "political bias" of their pivotal decision makers. This bias is measured by a decision maker’s risk/ reward ratio from a war compared to that of the country at large. If there is no political bias, then there are mutually acceptable transfers from one country to the other that will avoid a war in the presence of commitment or enforceability of peace treaties. There are cases with a strong enough bias on the part of one or both countries where war cannot be prevented by any transfer payments. Our results shed some new light on the uneven contender paradox and the interpretation of the "democratic peace." We examine countries' choices of the bias of their leaders and show that when transfers are possible, at least one country will choose a biased leader, as that leads to a strong bargaining position and extraction of transfers. (JEL D72, D74)
The HIV-Brazil Cohort Study: Design, Methods and Participant Characteristics

BACKGROUND
The HIV-Brazil Cohort Study was established to analyze the effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and the impact of this treatment on morbidity, quality of life (QOL) and mortality. The study design, patients' profiles and characteristics of cART initiation between 2003 and 2010 were described.


METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Since 2003, the HIV-Brazil Cohort has been following HIV-infected adults receiving cART at 26 public health care facilities, using routine clinical care data and self-reported QOL questionnaires. When not otherwise available, data are obtained from national information systems. The main outcomes of interest are diseases related or unrelated to HIV; suppression of viral replication; adverse events; virological, clinical and immunological failures; changes in the cART; and mortality. For the 5,061 patients who started cART between 2003 and 2010, the median follow-up time was 4.1 years (IQR 2.2-5.9 years) with an 83.4% retention rate. Patient profiles were characterized by a predominance of men (male/female ratio 1.7∶1), with a mean age of 36.9 years (SD 9.9 years); 55.2% had been infected with HIV via heterosexual contact. The majority of patients (53.4%) initiated cART with a CD4+ T-cell count ≤200 cells/mm3. The medications most often used in the various treatment regimens were efavirenz (59.7%) and lopinavir/ritonavir (18.2%). The proportion of individuals achieving viral suppression within the first 12 months of cART use was 77.4% (95% CI 76.1-78.6). Nearly half (45.4%) of the patients presented HIV-related clinical manifestations after starting cART, and the AIDS mortality rate was 13.9 per 1,000 person-years.


CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
Results from cART use in the daily practice of health services remain relatively unknown in low- and middle-income countries, and studies with the characteristics of the HIV-Brazil Cohort contribute to minimizing these shortcomings, given its scope and patient profile, which is similar to that of the AIDS epidemic in the country.
A generalized Bairstow algorithm

Abstract : The report discusses convergence and applications for the generalized Bairstow algorithm.
Drug dosing error with drops—severe clinical course of codeine intoxication in twins

In spite of the lack of evidence for its efficacy, and of sporadic reports of severe adverse events, codeine is still widely used as an antitussive agent in children. A 3-year-old boy (twin 1) was found lying in vomit and apnoeic at night; he was resuscitated and immediately transferred to our paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Two and a half hours later, his twin brother (twin 2) was found dead in his bed at home. Twin 1 required mechanical ventilation for 3 days, but he eventually made a full recovery; autopsy in twin 2 showed massive aspiration of gastric content. History revealed that the monozygotic twins had an upper respiratory tract infection for several days and had both been given codeine at a dose of “10 drops per day” by their mother. The blood of both twins was found to contain high levels of codeine and its metabolites. The weight of “10 drops” was determined experimentally and was found to range from 494 to 940 mg. Thus, the highest possible dose given by mother was 23.5 mg of codeine instead of the recommended 10 mg. The twins had identical CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms corresponding to the “extensive metaboliser” type. Conclusions: Because of the variability of drop size drug dosage, dosage “by drops” is unprecise and may result in accidental overdose. The combination of repeated overdosing and extensive metabolism to morphine is likely to have caused apnoea in these twins. These cases illustrate the danger of codeine as an antitussive in young children.
RDF 2 Vec : RDF Graph Embeddings and Their Applications

Linked Open Data has been recognized as a valuable source for background information in many data mining and information retrieval tasks. However, most of the existing tools require features in propositional form, i.e., a vector of nominal or numerical features associated with an instance, while Linked Open Data sources are graphs by nature. In this paper, we present RDF2Vec, an approach that uses language modeling approaches for unsupervised feature extraction from sequences of words, and adapts them to RDF graphs. We generate sequences by leveraging local information from graph sub-structures, harvested by Weisfeiler-Lehman Subtree RDF Graph Kernels and graph walks, and learn latent numerical representations of entities in RDF graphs. We evaluate our approach on three different tasks: (i) standard machine learning tasks, (ii) entity and document modeling, and (iii) content-based recommender systems. The evaluation shows that the proposed entity embeddings outperform existing techniques, and that pre-computed feature vector representations of general knowledge graphs such as DBpedia and Wikidata can be easily reused for different tasks.
Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation

Any books that you read, no matter how you got the sentences that have been read from the books, surely they will give you goodness. But, we will show you one of recommendation of the book that you need to read. This advanced compiler design and implementation is what we surely mean. We will show you the reasonable reasons why you need to read this book. This book is a kind of precious book written by an experienced author.
High-throughput flow cytometry screening reveals a role for junctional adhesion molecule a as a cancer stem cell maintenance factor.

Stem cells reside in niches that regulate the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. The identity of a stem cell is linked with the ability to interact with its niche through adhesion mechanisms. To identify targets that disrupt cancer stem cell (CSC) adhesion, we performed a flow cytometry screen on patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) cells and identified junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) as a CSC adhesion mechanism essential for self-renewal and tumor growth. JAM-A was dispensable for normal neural stem/progenitor cell (NPC) function, and JAM-A expression was reduced in normal brain versus GBM. Targeting JAM-A compromised the self-renewal of CSCs. JAM-A expression negatively correlated to GBM patient prognosis. Our results demonstrate that GBM-targeting strategies can be identified through screening adhesion receptors and JAM-A represents a mechanism for niche-driven CSC maintenance.
Kelly H. Chong (2008) Deliverance and Submission: Evangelical Women and the Negotiation of Patriarchy in South Korea. MA: Harvard University Asia Center. 272 pages. ISBN: 978-0-674-03107-4.

[, The Middle Kingdom, as a relatively unknown advanced civilisation, held a unique position in Enlightenment thought, as Europeans tried to understand a widening world and their own place in it. European views of China in the early modern period have been widely studied. While the predominant paradigm has been to analyse a shift from sinophilia to sinophobia, disagreements over the extent, nature and timing of this shift suggest that the rigid juxtaposition may not always be useful. In order to highlight the importance of the particular topic to the constructions of China in eighteenth-century European thought, this paper examines the way primary sources and scholars viewed one particular aspect of China: Its system of government. This paper will consider views of China related to Adam Smith’s main duties of government (the art and science of war, the administration of justice and public institutions) and how these duties were to be paid for (the public revenue). Discussions of China’s government married interest in the advanced civilisation of China with that characteristic Enlightenment project to define, explain and reflect on the meaning of civilisation and progress. A surprising degree of consensus is found, calling into question the conventional juxtaposition of sinophilia and sinophobia. Moreover, eighteenth-century European observers did not approach China with assumptions of superiority; on the contrary, there was a degree of civilisational relativism in their outlook, and at times China was seen as offering useful lessons. This approach also allows us to consider those questions with which Enlightenment thinkers did not turn towards China for answers, and ask the reasons for such omissions. China was dismissed as a useful model because it was deemed in many ways to be a unique case that could not be worked into the universal models that characterised the European Enlightenment.]
Anomaly detection in wireless sensor networks: A survey

Since security threats to WSNs are increasingly being diversified and deliberate, prevention-based techniques alone can no longer provide WSNs with adequate security. However, detection-based techniques might be effective in collaboration with prevention-based techniques for securing WSNs. As a significant branch of detection-based techniques, the research of anomaly detection in wired networks and wireless ad hoc networks is already quite mature, but such solutions can be rarely applied to WSNs without any change, because WSNs are characterized by constrained resources, such as limited energy, weak computation capability, poor memory, short communication range, etc. The development of anomaly detection techniques suitable for WSNs is therefore regarded as an essential research area, which will enable WSNs to be much more secure and reliable. In this survey paper, a few of the key design principles relating to the development of anomaly detection techniques in WSNs are discussed in particular. Then, the state-of-the-art techniques of anomaly detection in WSNs are systematically introduced, according to WSNs’ architectures (Hierarchical/Flat) and detection technique categories (statistical techniques, rule based, data mining, computational intelligence, game theory, graph based, and hybrid, etc.). The analyses and comparisons of the approaches that belong to a similar technique category are represented technically, followed by a brief discussion towards the potential research areas in the near future and conclusion. & 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Approximate Nearest Neighbor Queries Revisited

Nearest Neighbor Queries Revisited
Nonverbal Sensitivity in Medical Students: Implications for Clinical Interactions

Clinicians’ accuracy in perceiving nonverbal cues has potentially important consequences, but has received insufficient research. To examine the relation of medical students’ nonverbal sensitivity to their gender and personal traits, as well as to their communication and impressions made during a standardized patient (SP) visit. Psychometric testing, questionnaire, and observation. One US medical school. Two-hundred seventy-five third-year medical students. Nonverbal sensitivity and attitudes were measured using standard instruments. Communication during the SP visit was measured using trained coders and analogue patients who viewed the videotapes and rated the favorability of their impressions of the student. Nonverbal sensitivity was higher in female than male students (P < 0.001) and was positively correlated with self-reported patient-centered attitudes (P < 0.01) and ability to name one’s own emotions (P < 0.05). It was also associated with less distressed (P < 0.05), more dominant (P < 0.001), and more engaged (P < 0.01) behavior by the SP, and with more liking of the medical student (P < 0.05) and higher ratings of compassion (P < 0.05) by the analogue patients. Correlations between nonverbal sensitivity and other variables were generally stronger and different for male than female students, but nonverbal sensitivity predicted analogue patients’ impressions similarly for male and female students. Medical students’ nonverbal sensitivity was related to clinically relevant attitudes and behavioral style in a clinical simulation.
EFFECTS OF LENDING RELATIONSHIP ON THE INTEREST RATES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN CAMEROON

Article History Received: 19 March 2018 Revised: 30 April 2018 Accepted: 2 May 2018 Published: 5 May 2018
A water quality monitoring system based on wireless sensor network & solar power supply

This work presents a water quality monitoring system using wireless sensor network (WSN) technology and powered by solar panel. To monitor water quality in different field sites and in real-time, a novel system architecture constituted by distributed sensor nodes and a base station is suggested. The nodes and base station are connected using WSN technology. Designed and implemented a prototype system using one node powered by solar cell and WSN technology. Data collected by various sensors in the node side such as pH, turbidity and oxygen density is sent via WSN to the base station. This novel system has advantages such as low carbon emission, low power consumption, more flexible to deploy and so on.
Gene signatures for the prediction of response to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy in primary pT1 bladder cancers.

PURPOSE
Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is effective in the prevention of recurrence and progression in many cases of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, but many patients fail to respond. The aim of this study was to identify gene sets of markers that could predict the response to BCG immunotherapy in primary pT1 bladder cancer using microarray gene expression profiling.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
We used 80 patients with primary pT1 bladder cancer treated with BCG immunotherapy as training (48) and test (32) sets. Microarray gene expression profiling was done in the training set to identify genes differentially expressed between responder and nonresponder to BCG immunotherapy according to the events (recurrence or progression). Using a real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR, our findings were validated in the test set.


RESULTS
In the training set, 424 and 287 genes were significantly associated with recurrence- and progression-free survival, respectively. Functional annotation of these genes included cell-mediated immune response, inflammatory response, cellular growth, and proliferation. From these predictive gene signatures, 24 genes (12 in recurrence and 12 in progression) with the highest score of expression ratio were extracted for validation in the test set. In multivariate regression analyses, predictive gene signatures were the only independent predictors of recurrence (hazard ratio, 3.38; P = 0.048) or progression (hazard ratio, 10.49; P = 0.048) in the test set.


CONCLUSIONS
Predictive gene signatures have diagnostic value for determining the response to intravesical BCG immunotherapy in primary pT1 bladder cancer.
Machine Teaching: An Inverse Problem to Machine Learning and an Approach Toward Optimal Education

I draw the reader’s attention to machine teaching, the problem of finding an optimal training set given a machine learning algorithm and a target model. In addition to generating fascinating mathematical questions for computer scientists to ponder, machine teaching holds the promise of enhancing education and personnel training. The Socratic dialogue style aims to stimulate critical thinking.
Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with outcome of ipilimumab-treated metastatic melanoma patients

Background:Ipilimumab improves the survival of metastatic melanoma patients. Despite documented, durable objective responses, a significant number of patients fails to benefit from treatment. The aim of this study was to identify an upfront marker for treatment benefit.Methods:A total of 187 metastatic melanoma patients treated in three Italian Institutions with 3 mg kg−1 ipilimumab, and 27 patients treated with 10 mg kg−1 ipilimumab, were evaluated. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was calculated from pre-therapy full blood counts. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and multivariate Cox models were applied, adjusting for confounders and other prognostic factors.Results:In the training cohort of 69 patients treated at European Institute of Oncology, pre-therapy NLR was identified as the strongest and independent marker for treatment benefit in multivariate analyses. Patients with baseline NLR<5 had a significantly improved PFS (HR=0.38; 95% CI: 0.22–0.66; P=0.0006) and OS (HR=0.24; 95% CI: 0.13–0.46; P<0.0001) compared with those with a NLR⩾5. Associations of low NLR with improved survival were confirmed in three validation cohorts of patients.Conclusion:Our findings show that baseline NLR is strongly and independently associated with outcome of patients treated with ipilimumab, and may serve to identify patients most likely to benefit from this therapy.
Clinical evaluation of positioning verification using digital tomosynthesis and bony anatomy and soft tissues for prostate image-guided radiotherapy.

PURPOSE
To evaluate on-board digital tomosynthesis (DTS) for patient positioning vs. two-dimensional (2D) radiography and three-dimensional cone beam (CBCT).


METHODS AND MATERIALS
A total of 92 image sessions from 9 prostate cancer patients were analyzed. An on-board image set was registered to a corresponding reference image set. Four pairs of image sets were used: digitally reconstructed radiographs vs. on-board orthogonal paired radiographs for the 2D method, coronal-reference DTS vs. on-board coronal DTS for the coronal-DTS method, sagittal-reference DTS vs. on-board sagittal DTS for the sagittal-DTS method, and planning CT vs. CBCT for the CBCT method. The registration results were compared.


RESULTS
The systematic errors in all methods were <1 mm/1 degrees . When registering the bony anatomy, the mean vector difference was 0.21 +/- 0.11 cm between 2D and CBCT, 0.11 +/- 0.08 cm between CBCT and coronal DTS, and 0.14 +/- 0.07 cm between CBCT and sagittal DTS. The correlation between CBCT to DTS was stronger (coefficient = 0.92-0.95) than the correlation between 2D and CBCT or DTS (coefficient = 0.81-0.83). When registering the soft tissue, the mean vector difference was 0.18 +/- 0.11 cm between CBCT and coronal DTS and 0.29 +/- 0.17 cm between CBCT and sagittal DTS. The correlation coefficient of CBCT to sagittal DTS and to coronal DTS was 0.84 and 0.92, respectively.


CONCLUSION
DTS could provide equivalent results to CBCT when the bony anatomy is used as landmarks for prostate image-guided radiotherapy. For soft tissue-based positioning verification, coronal DTS produced equivalent results to CBCT, but sagittal DTS alone was insufficient. DTS could allow for comparable soft tissue-based target localization with faster scanning time and a lower imaging dose compared with CBCT.