LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
LR-CNN for fine-grained classification with varying resolution

In this work, we present an extended study of image representations for fine-grained classification with respect to image resolution. Understudied in literature, this parameter yet presents many practical and theoretical interests, e.g. in embedded systems where restricted computational resources prevent treating high-resolution images. It is thus interesting to figure out which representation provides the best results in this particular context. On this purpose, we evaluate Fisher Vectors and deep representations on two significant finegrained oriented datasets: FGVC Aircraft [1] and PPMI [2]. We also introduce LR-CNN, a deep structure designed for classification of low-resolution images with strong semantic content. This net provides rich compact features and outperforms both pre-trained deep features and Fisher Vectors.
The triple negative paradox: primary tumor chemosensitivity of breast cancer subtypes.

PURPOSE
Gene expression analysis identifies several breast cancer subtypes. We examined the relationship of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response to outcome among these breast cancer subtypes.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
We used immunohistochemical profiles [human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+)/hormone receptor-negative for HER2+/estrogen receptor-negative (ER-), hormone receptor and HER2- for basal-like, hormone receptor-positive for luminal] to subtype a prospectively maintained data set of patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant anthracycline-based (doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, AC) chemotherapy. We analyzed each subtype for clinical and pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and examined the relationship of response to distant disease-free survival and overall survival.


RESULTS
Of the 107 patients tested, 34 (32%) were basal-like, 11 (10%) were HER2+/ER-, and 62 (58%) were luminal. After neoadjuvant AC, 75% received subsequent chemotherapy and all received endocrine therapy if hormone receptor-positive. The chemotherapy regimen and pretreatment stage did not differ by subtype. Clinical response to AC was higher among the HER2+/ER- (70%) and basal-like (85%) than the luminal subtypes (47%; P < 0.0001). Pathologic complete response occurred in 36% of HER2+/ER-, 27% of basal-like, and 7% of luminal subtypes (P = 0.01). Despite initial chemosensitivity, patients with the basal-like and HER2+/ER- subtypes had worse distant disease-free survival (P = 0.04) and overall survival (P = 0.02) than those with the luminal subtypes. Regardless of subtype, only 2 of 17 patients with pathologic complete response relapsed. The worse outcome among basal-like and HER+/ER- subtypes was due to higher relapse among those with residual disease (P = 0.003).


CONCLUSIONS
Basal-like and HER2+/ER- subtypes are more sensitive to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy than luminal breast cancers. Patients that had pathologic complete response to chemotherapy had a good prognosis regardless of subtype. The poorer prognosis of basal-like and HER2+/ER- breast cancers could be explained by a higher likelihood of relapse in those patients in whom pathologic complete response was not achieved.
Scientific Misconduct and the Myth of Self-Correction in Science.

The recent Stapel fraud case came as a shattering blow to the scientific community of psychologists and damaged both their image in the media and their collective self-esteem. The field responded with suggestions of how fraud could be prevented. However, the Stapel fraud is only one among many cases. Before basing recommendations on one case, it would be informative to study other cases to assess how these frauds were discovered. The authors analyze a convenience sample of fraud cases to see whether (social) psychology is more susceptible to fraud than other disciplines. They also evaluate whether the peer review process and replications work well in practice to detect fraud. There is no evidence that psychology is more vulnerable to fraud than the biomedical sciences, and most frauds are detected through information from whistleblowers with inside information. On the basis of this analysis, the authors suggest a number of strategies that might reduce the risk of scientific fraud.
Strategic development and SWOT analysis at the University of Warwick

SWOT analysis is an established method for assisting the formulation of strategy. An application to strategy formulation and its incorporation into the strategic development process at the University of Warwick is described. The application links SWOT analysis to resource-based planning, illustrates it as an iterative rather than a linear process and embeds it within the overall planning process. Lessons are drawn both for the University and for the strategy formulation process itself. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Assessing physical therapist students’ self-efficacy: measurement properties of the Physiotherapist Self-Efficacy (PSE) questionnaire

BACKGROUND
Apart from skills, and knowledge, self-efficacy is an important factor in the students' preparation for clinical work. The Physiotherapist Self-Efficacy (PSE) questionnaire was developed to measure physical therapy (TP) students' self-efficacy in the cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neurological clinical areas. The aim of this study was to establish the measurement properties of the Dutch PSE questionnaire, and to explore whether self-efficacy beliefs in students are clinical area specific.


METHODS
Methodological quality of the PSE was studied using COSMIN guidelines. Item analysis, structural validity, and internal consistency of the PSE were determined in 207 students. Test-retest reliability was established in another sample of 60 students completing the PSE twice. Responsiveness of the scales was determined in 80 students completing the PSE at the start and the end of the second year. Hypothesis testing was used to determine construct validity of the PSE.


RESULTS
Exploratory factor analysis resulted in three meaningful components explaining similar proportions of variance (25%, 21%, and 20%), reflecting the three clinical areas. Internal consistency of each of the three subscales was excellent (Cronbach's alpha > .90). Intra Class Correlation Coefficient was good (.80). Hypothesis testing confirmed construct validity of the PSE.


CONCLUSION
The PSE shows excellent measurement properties. The component structure of the PSE suggests that self-efficacy about physiotherapy in PT students is not generic, but specific for a clinical area. As self-efficacy is considered a predictor of performance in clinical settings, enhancing self-efficacy is an explicit goal of educational interventions. Further research is needed to determine if the scale is specific enough to assess the effect of educational interventions on student self-efficacy.
Hardware Trojans hidden in RTL don't cares — Automated insertion and prevention methodologies

Don't cares in RTL code have long plagued chip verification due to hard-to-diagnose “X-bugs” resulting from ambiguous X simulation semantics, yet prevail in modern designs because of enormous opportunities for area/performance/power optimization during synthesis. We analyze don't cares specified at the RTL level from a security perspective and propose a novel class of Hardware Trojans which leak internal circuit node values using only existing design don't cares. Detection of this Trojan class is impossible using either functional simulation/verification or a perfect sequential equivalence checker. We then provide a formal automated X-analysis technique which both prevents the insertion of this new Trojan type and also has the potential to uncover accidental X-bugs as well. We provide several examples, including an Elliptic Curve Processor, illustrating both Trojan insertion and our prevention technique.
Product Perceived Quality and Purchase Intention with Consumer Satisfaction

The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of product perceive quality on purchase intention with level of satisfaction, for meeting this purpose the data was collected by individually through 122 questionnaires by adopting the convenience techniques. Using statistical software hypothesis shows that these variables have positive significant relationship. Practical contribution shows that this study can be used as a guideline to management and marketers to improve the product quality.
Immediate effect of Ayres's sensory integration-based occupational therapy intervention on children with autism spectrum disorders.

OBJECTIVE
This study examined the effects of Ayres' sensory integration intervention on the behavior and task engagement of young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Clinical observations and caregiver reports of behavior and engagement also were explored to help guide future investigations.


METHOD
This single-subject study used an ABAB design to compare the immediate effect of Ayres's sensory integration and a play scenario on the undesired behavior and task engagement of 4 children with ASD.


RESULTS
No clear patterns of change in undesired behavior or task management emerged through objective measurement. Subjective data suggested that each child exhibited positive changes during and after intervention.


CONCLUSION
When effects are measured immediately after intervention, short-term Ayres's sensory integration does not have a substantially different effect than a play scenario on undesired behavior or engagement of young children with ASD. However, subjective data suggest that Ayres's sensory integration may produce an effect that is evident during treatment sessions and in home environments.
Nanometre resolution metrology with the Molecular Measuring Machine

Nanometre accuracy and resolution metrology over technically relevant areas is becoming a necessity for the progress of nanomanufacturing. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology, we are developing the Molecular Measuring Machine, a scanned probe microscope (SPM) and Michelson interferometer based metrology instrument, designed to achieve nanometre measurement uncertainty for point-to-point measurements over a 50 mm by 50 mm working area. The salient design features are described, along with example measurements that demonstrate the measurement capabilities so far achieved. Both long-range measurements of sub-micrometre pitch gratings over 10 mm, and short-range, high-resolution measurements of a molecular crystal lattice have been accomplished. The estimated relative measurement uncertainty so far attained for pitch measurements is 6 × 10−5, coverage factor k = 2. We have also used this instrument and scanning probe oxidation lithography for creating some simple nanometre dimension patterns that could serve as prototype calibration standards, utilizing the SPM probe tip positioning accuracy.
Obesity, physically demanding work and traumatic knee injury are major risk factors for knee osteoarthritis--a population-based study with a follow-up of 22 years.

OBJECTIVE
Several studies have shown that knee OA is associated with obesity, physical stress at work, traumatic knee injuries, heredity and female gender. However, the body of such evidence comes from cross-sectional or case-control studies, and from only a few follow-up studies, mostly of short duration. Based on the nationwide Mini-Finland Health Survey, we analysed the potential risk factors for prediction of incident knee OA in the long term.


METHODS
Focused on major health problems, the survey was carried out in 1978-80 in a sample of 8000 subjects, representative of the Finnish population aged > or =30 years. Altogether 823 subjects free from knee OA at the baseline were re-examined in 2000-01, and after the intervening 22 years 94 new cases of knee OA were found. Knee OA was diagnosed on both occasions by physicians using information on disease histories, symptoms and standardized clinical examinations.


RESULTS
The risk of developing knee OA was strongly associated with BMI (kg/m(2)); adjusted for age and gender and other covariates, and compared with the reference category (BMI < 25.0); the relative odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were 1.7 (95% CI 1.0, 2.8) and 7.0 (95% CI 3.5, 14.10) for subjects with BMIs 25.0-29.9 and > or =30.0, respectively. Similarly, the adjusted OR for the heaviest category of physical stress at work was 18.3 (95% CI 4.2, 79.4) compared with the lightest category, and 5.1 (95% CI 1.4, 19.0) for permanent complaints due to past knee injury.


CONCLUSIONS
This prospective study confirms the roles of obesity, heavy work load and knee injury in the aetiology of knee OA.
Subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of cumulative doses of mixed-action opioids in healthy volunteers

Rationale: Conducting complete dose-response evaluations of multiple drugs in a single within-subjects experiment is very time-consuming when a complete session is required for evaluation of each dose. Objective: To evaluate a within-session cumulative-dosing procedure as a potentially efficient method for conducting dose-response evaluations of mixed-action opioids. Methods: Fifteen healthy volunteers received intravenous injections of saline, butorphanol, nalbuphine, pentazocine, or morphine in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Subjects received one injection per hour for the first 4 h, and a 3-h recovery period followed. Saline was injected first, then saline or increasing doses of each drug (except pentazocine, see below) were administered every hour for the next 3 h. The absolute doses per injection were morphine and nalbuphine 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/70 kg, butorphanol 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/70 kg, and pentazocine 7.5, 15, and 0 mg/70 kg. (The highest dose of pentazocine was omitted because of the risk of dysphoria and psychotomimesis.) These injections resulted in cumulative doses of morphine or nalbuphine 2.5, 7.5, and 17.5 mg/70 kg, butorphanol 0.5, 1.5, and 3.5 mg/70 kg, and pentazocine 7.5 and 22.5 mg/70 kg. Mood, psychomotor performance, and vital signs were assessed. Results: Effects of all opioids were similar, with some exceptions. Butorphanol had the strongest effects on psychomotor performance and some subjective effects. Morphine was associated with delayed or prolonged side effects. Conclusions: Orderly dose-response functions and replication of results of single-dosing studies confirmed that the cumulative-dosing procedure is an efficient way of determining dose-response functions for multiple opioids within the same subjects.
eHealth Technologies as an intervention to improve adherence to topical antipsoriatics: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND
Topical antipsoriatics are recommended first-line treatment of psoriasis, but rates of adherence are low. Patient support by use of electronic health (eHealth) services is suggested to improve medical adherence.


OBJECTIVE
To review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) testing eHealth interventions designed to improve adherence to topical antipsoriatics and to review applications for smartphones (apps) incorporating the word psoriasis.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Literature review: Medline, Embase, Cochrane, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched using search terms for eHealth, psoriasis and topical antipsoriatics. General analysis of apps: The operating systems (OS) for smartphones, iOS, Google Play, Microsoft Store, Symbian OS and Blackberry OS were searched for apps containing the word psoriasis.


RESULTS
Literature review: Only one RCT was included, reporting on psoriasis patients' Internet reporting their status of psoriasis over a 12-month period. The rate of adherence was measured by Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS®). An improvement in medical adherence and reduction of severity of psoriasis were reported. General analysis of apps: A total 184 apps contained the word psoriasis.


CONCLUSION
There is a critical need for high-quality RCTs testing if the ubiquitous eHealth technologies, for example, some of the numerous apps, can improve psoriasis patients' rates of adherence to topical antipsoriatics.
Double blind randomized comparative evaluation of nimesulide and paracetamol as antipyretics.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and safety of nimesulide and paracetamol as antipyretic agents.


DESIGN
Double blind, randomized clinical trial.


METHODS
Hospitalized patients having fever due to a variety of infections were given either drug in a randomized manner. (Nimesulide group = 49, Paracetamol group = 50). Serial axillary temperature was recorded after drug administration and side effects monitored.


RESULTS
The mean temperature after one hour of drug administration was significantly lower in nimesulide group (p < 0.05). Significantly fewer doses of nimesulide were required to bring down the temperature on the first day (p < 0.001). The mean maximum temperature recorded on second and third day was significantly lower in the nimesulide group (p < 0.05). Adverse reactions were seen in the form of epigastric pain and vomiting in one patient in Nimesulide group and three in paracetamol group.


CONCLUSION
Nimesulide is more effective than paracetamol as an antipyretic agent and is safe for use in infants and children.
Single laws for sloops and squags

Abstract We give single laws for the variety of all sloops and the variety of all squags.
A phase 1/2 study of a multiclade HIV-1 DNA plasmid prime and recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 boost vaccine in HIV-Uninfected East Africans (RV 172).

BACKGROUND
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine development remains a global priority. We describe the safety and immunogenicity of a multiclade DNA vaccine prime with a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) boost.


METHODS
The vaccine is a 6-plasmid mixture encoding HIV envelope (env) subtypes A, B, and C and subtype B gag, pol, and nef, and an rAd5 expressing identical genes, with the exception of nef. Three hundred and twenty-four participants were randomized to receive placebo (n=138), a single dose of rAd5 at 10(10) (n = 24) or 10(11) particle units (n = 24), or DNA at 0, 1, and 2 months, followed by rAd5 at either 10(10) (n= 114) or 10(11) particle units (n = 24) boosting at 6 months. Participants were followed up for 24 weeks after the final vaccination.


RESULTS
The vaccine was safe and well tolerated. HIV-specific T cell responses were detected in 63% of vaccinees. Titers of preexisting Ad5 neutralizing antibody did not affect the frequency and magnitude of T cell responses in prime-boost recipients but did affect the response rates in participants that received rAd5 alone (P = .037).


CONCLUSION
The DNA/rAd5 vaccination regimen was safe and induced HIV type 1 multi-clade T cell responses, which were not significantly affected by titers of preexisting rAd5 neutralizing antibody. Trial Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00123968 .
Free-living monitoring of Parkinson's disease: Lessons from the field.

Wearable technology comprises miniaturized sensors (eg, accelerometers) worn on the body and/or paired with mobile devices (eg, smart phones) allowing continuous patient monitoring in unsupervised, habitual environments (termed free-living). Wearable technologies are revolutionizing approaches to health care as a result of their utility, accessibility, and affordability. They are positioned to transform Parkinson's disease (PD) management through the provision of individualized, comprehensive, and representative data. This is particularly relevant in PD where symptoms are often triggered by task and free-living environmental challenges that cannot be replicated with sufficient veracity elsewhere. This review concerns use of wearable technology in free-living environments for people with PD. It outlines the potential advantages of wearable technologies and evidence for these to accurately detect and measure clinically relevant features including motor symptoms, falls risk, freezing of gait, gait, functional mobility, and physical activity. Technological limitations and challenges are highlighted, and advances concerning broader aspects are discussed. Recommendations to overcome key challenges are made. To date there is no fully validated system to monitor clinical features or activities in free-living environments. Robust accuracy and validity metrics for some features have been reported, and wearable technology may be used in these cases with a degree of confidence. Utility and acceptability appears reasonable, although testing has largely been informal. Key recommendations include adopting a multidisciplinary approach for standardizing definitions, protocols, and outcomes. Robust validation of developed algorithms and sensor-based metrics is required along with testing of utility. These advances are required before widespread clinical adoption of wearable technology can be realized. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Applying Design Patterns in Game Programming

This paper discussed an object-oriented design for general game using C# and XNA using design pattern. We presented application of structural patterns, creat ional pattern and behavioral pattern to create game sprite, manag e game state and game sprites, different collision and rewards a mong sprites or between sprites and map; we also discussed how t o apply design patterns to handle communications between sp rites and NPC by using observer pattern and mediator patterns . Although lots of design patterns are discussed, other design patterns might suitable as well because game programming are so co mplicated to separate each pattern independently. Keywords-Game, Programming, Design Patterns, UML, XNA, C#
Scalable and modularized RTL compilation of Convolutional Neural Networks onto FPGA

Despite its popularity, deploying Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on a portable system is still challenging due to large data volume, intensive computation and frequent memory access. Although previous FPGA acceleration schemes generated by high-level synthesis tools (i.e., HLS, OpenCL) have allowed for fast design optimization, hardware inefficiency still exists when allocating FPGA resources to maximize parallelism and throughput. A direct hardware-level design (i.e., RTL) can improve the efficiency and achieve greater acceleration. However, this requires an in-depth understanding of both the algorithm structure and the FPGA system architecture. In this work, we present a scalable solution that integrates the flexibility of high-level synthesis and the finer level optimization of an RTL implementation. The cornerstone is a compiler that analyzes the CNN structure and parameters, and automatically generates a set of modular and scalable computing primitives that can accelerate various deep learning algorithms. Integrating these modules together for end-to-end CNN implementations, this work quantitatively analyzes the complier's design strategy to optimize the throughput of a given CNN model with the FPGA resource constraints. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on Altera Stratix-V GXA7 FPGA for AlexNet and NIN CNN models, achieving 114.5 GOPS and 117.3 GOPS, respectively. This represents a 1.9× improvement in throughput when compared to the OpenCL-based design. The results illustrate the promise of the automatic compiler solution for modularized and scalable hardware acceleration of deep learning.