LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The effects of orlistat on weight and on serum lipids in obese patients with hypercholesterolemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the effects of orlistat 120 mg three times daily vs placebo on weight loss and serum lipids in obese hypercholesterolemic patients.DESIGN: A 24 week multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. After a 2-week single-blind run-in period (placebo+diet (−600 kcal/day; ≤30% of calories as fat)), 294 patients were submitted to the hypocaloric diet and randomly assigned to either orlistat 120 mg or placebo three times daily. Patients who completed the double-blind study (n=255) were eligible for participation in a subsequent 24 week open-label orlistat extension phase.SUBJECTS: Patients with body mass index (BMI) 27–40 kg/m2 and hypercholesterolemia (low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C, 4.1–6.7 mmol/l).MEASUREMENTS: Efficacy assessments included weight loss, lipid levels, other cardiovascular risk factors and anthropometric parameters. Safety assessments.RESULTS: Weight loss during run-in was similar in both groups. After randomization, orlistat-treated patients lost significantly more weight than placebo recipients: mean percentage weight loss from start of run-in to week 24 was−6.8% in the orlistat group and −3.8% in the placebo group (P<0.001). Moreover, more patients in the orlistat group than in the placebo group achieved clinically meaningful weight loss of ≥5% (64 vs 39%) or ≥10% (23 vs 13%) at week 24. Treatment with orlistat was associated with significantly greater changes in total cholesterol (−11.9% vs −4.0%; P<0.001) and LDL-C (−17.6 vs −7.6%; P<0.001). For any category of weight loss during the double-blind treatment period, change in LDL-C was more pronounced in orlistat-treated patients than in placebo recipients, indicating that orlistat had a direct cholesterol-lowering effect that was independent of weight reduction (P<0.001). Adjunction of orlistat during the extension phase in patients who initially received placebo induced a further decrease in weight, total cholesterol and LDL-C. Orlistat was generally well tolerated with a safety profile comparable to placebo, with the exception of a higher incidence of gastrointestinal events (≥1 event in 64 vs 38% of patients).CONCLUSION: Orlistat as an adjunct to dietary intervention promotes weight loss and reduces LDL-C beyond the effect of weight loss in overweight or obese patients with concomitant hypercholesterolemia.
At-Risk Marriages after Compulsory Premarital Testing and Counseling for β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease in Saudi Arabia, 2005–2006

Results from a screening program for sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia suggest about 90% of couples in Saudi Arabia at risk of having affected children still decide to marry. This study determined the rate of at-risk marriages and identified several factors that may prevent at risk couples from marrying. The marriage status of 934 at-risk couples was determined from original screening program records in the Ministry of Health. Of 934 couples, 824 married (88.2%) and 110 (11.8%) did not. A case–controlled study was conducted on 104 couples who did not marry (cases) and 478 couples who did marry (controls) in order to assess relationships between various cultural and social factors and marriage decisions. In the case-controled study, 28.8% of couples (30/104) who did not marry (cases) knew their disease or carrier status before screening compared to 18% (86/478) of those who married (controls). Reasons couples gave for proceeding with marriage included: wedding plans could not be canceled, and fear of social stigma. Couples who did not marry reported being influenced by prior knowledge of their disease or carrier status and whether they or family members were affected. Approximately half of the cases and controls (n = 270, 46.4%) thought it best to undergo screening before proceeding with the engagement and wedding plans. Most couples received no advice to participate in genetic counseling services. Marriage decisions for the small number who received genetic counseling (n = 168, 27.6%) did not differ significantly from those that received no counseling. Recommendations are made for improving the effectiveness of this screening program.
Vowels Recognition by Modular Arithmetic and Wavelets using Neural Network

Recently, the speech recognition is very attractive for researchers because of the very significant related applications. For this reason, the novel research has been of very importance in the academic community. The aim of this work is to find out a new and appropriate feature extraction method for Arabic language recognition. In the present study, wavelet packet transform (WPT) with modular arithmetic and neural network were investigated for Arabic vowels recognition. The number of repeating the remainder was carried out for a speech signal. 266 coefficients are given to probabilistic neural network (PNN) for classification. The claimed results showed that the proposed method can make an effectual analysis with classification rates may reach 97%. Four published methods were studied for comparison. The proposed modular wavelet packet and neural networks (MWNN) expert system could obtain the best recognition rate. [Emad F. Khalaf, Khaled Daqrouq Ali Morfeq. Arabic Vowels Recognition by Modular Arithmetic and Wavelets using Neural Network. Life Sci J 2014;11(3):33-41]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 6
RFI subspace estimation techniques for new generation radio telescopes

Radio astronomical data are increasingly corrupted by human telecommunication activities. Therefore, Radio Frequency Interferences (RFI) mitigation becomes an important step in the data processing flow, in particular for phased radio telescope array. In this framework, the preliminary step is to retrieve the RFI spatial information. This article presents three new techniques in radio astronomy allowing the estimation of the RFI spatial signature. These techniques are based on subspace decomposition of time-lagged correlation matrices or cyclic correlation matrices, and on a Blind Source Separation approach. Compared to classical methods, these approaches improve the quality of the spatial filtering obtained on the raw uncalibrated sky map.
Accuracy of dermoscopic criteria for the diagnosis of psoriasis, dermatitis, lichen planus and pityriasis rosea.

BACKGROUND
Dermoscopy is useful in evaluating skin tumours, but its applicability extends also to the field of inflammatory skin disorders. Plaque psoriasis (PP), dermatitis, lichen planus (LP) and pityriasis rosea (PR) are common inflammatory skin diseases, but little is currently known about their dermoscopic features.


OBJECTIVES
To determine and compare the dermoscopic patterns associated with PP, dermatitis, LP and PR and to assess the validity of certain dermoscopic criteria in the diagnosis of PP.


METHODS
Patients with PP, dermatitis, LP and PR were prospectively enrolled. The single most recently developed lesion was examined dermoscopically and histopathologically. Variables included vascular morphology, vascular arrangement, background colour, scale colour, scale distribution and presence of Wickham striae. Univariate and adjusted odds ratios were calculated. Discriminant functions were used to plot receiver-operator characteristic curves.


RESULTS
Eighty-three patients with PP and 86 patients with either dermatitis, LP or PR were included in the study. Dotted vessels in a regular arrangement over a light red background and white scales were highly predictive for the diagnosis of PP, whereas dermatitis more commonly showed yellow scales and dotted vessels in a patchy arrangement. PR was characterized by yellowish background, dotted vessels and peripheral scales; whitish lines (Wickham striae) were seen exclusively in LP.


CONCLUSIONS
PP, LP, PR and dermatitis show specific dermoscopic patterns that may aid their clinical diagnosis. Certain combinations of dermoscopic features can reliably predict the diagnosis of PP.
From random block corruption to privilege escalation: A filesystem attack vector for rowhammer-like attacks

Rowhammer demonstrated that non-physical hardwareweakness-based attacks can be devastating. In a recent paper, Cai et al. [2] propose that similar attacks can be performed on MLC NAND flash. In this paper, we discuss the requirements for a successful, full-system, local privilege escalation attack on such media, and show a filesystem based attack vector. We demonstrate the filesystem layer of this attack, showing that a random block corruption of a carefully chosen block is sufficient to achieve privilege escalation. In particular, to motivate the assumptions of this filesystem-level attack, we show the attack primitive that an attacker can obtain by making use of cell-to-cell interference is quite weak, and therefore requires a carefully crafted attack at the OS layer for successful exploitation.
Cost-effectiveness of a nurse-based intervention (AIMS) to improve adherence among HIV-infected patients: design of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Non-adherence to HIV-treatment can have a negative impact on patients treatment success rates, quality of life, infectiousness, and life expectancy. Few adherence interventions have shown positive effects on adherence and/or virologic outcomes. The theory- and evidence-based Adherence Improving self-Management Strategy (AIMS) is an intervention that has been demonstrated to improve adherence and viral suppression rates in a randomised controlled trial. However, evidence of its cost-effectiveness is lacking. Following a recent review suggesting that cost-effectiveness evaluations of adherence interventions for chronic diseases are rare, and that the methodology of such evaluations is poorly described in the literature, this manuscript presents the study protocol for a multi-centre trial evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of AIMS among a heterogeneous sample of patients.


METHODS/DESIGN
The study uses a multi-centre randomised controlled trial design to compare the AIMS intervention to usual care from a societal perspective. Embedded in this RCT is a trial-based and model-based economic evaluation. A planned number of 230 HIV-infected patients are randomised to receive either AIMS or usual care. The relevant outcomes include changes in adherence, plasma viral load, quality of life, and societal costs. The time horizon for the trial-based economic evaluation is 12-15 months. Costs and effects are extrapolated to a lifetime horizon for the model-based economic evaluation.


DISCUSSION
The present multicentre RCT is designed to provide sound methodological evidence regarding the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a nurse-based counselling intervention (AIMS) to support treatment adherence among a large and heterogeneous sample of HIV-infected patients in the Netherlands. The objective of the current paper is to describe the trial protocol in sufficient detail to allow full evaluation of the quality of the study design. It is anticipated that, if proven cost-effective, AIMS can contribute to improved evidence-based counselling guidelines for HIV-nurses and other health care professionals.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study has been registered on clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT01429142).
Evolution and usability of mobile phone interaction styles

Author Harri Kiljander Title Evolution and Usability of Mobile Phone Interaction Styles Over one billion people own or use cellular mobile telephones. Therefore, industry practitioners are faced with a question: how big steps can they take when designing the user interfaces for their new products, or how closely should they stick with the already existing user interface conventions that may already be familiar to the consumers. The objective of this research work is to create and communicate new knowledge for design and usability practitioners about how to design and evolve interaction style conventions in mainstream, voice-centric mobile telephones. In the context of this study, interaction style denotes the framework consisting of the physical interaction objects, the abstract interaction elements, and the associated behavior or interaction conventions that are applied throughout the core functionality of the mobile phone, but excludes the stylistic appearance elements of the user interface. The main research problem — how do mobile phone interaction style changes affect the initial usability of a mobile phone for users with earlier experience with mobile phones — is approached via several methods. A literature study compares the interaction styles applied in mainstream computing domains against the aspects relevant in the mobile phones domain. A heuristic analysis of contemporary mobile phones is used to formulate an understanding of the available interaction styles and analyze whether there is convergence towards specific types of interaction styles in the industry. An empirical usability testing experiment with 38 test users is conducted with a novel mobile phone interaction style to investigate differences between users who are already familiar with different mobile phone interaction styles. The study reveals that interaction styles applied in contemporary mobile telephones are designed around menu navigation, and they implement the three primary operations — Select, Back and Menu access — with dedicated hardkeys, context-sensitive softkeys, or using special control devices like joysticks or jog dials. The control keys in the contemporary interaction styles are converging around various twoand three-softkey conventions. The aspects related to indirect manipulation and small displays pose specific usability and UI design challenges on mobile phone user interfaces. The study shows that the mobile handset manufacturers are applying their usually proprietary interaction styles in a rather consistent manner in their products, with the notable exception of mobile Internet browsers that often break the underlying interaction style consistency. Based on the results from the empirical usability testing, we claim that despite differences between interaction styles in contemporary mobile phones, users do not face significant difficulties when transferring to a novel mobile phone model. UDC 621.396.93:004.5:65.015.11
Spectropolarimetric observations of active stars

This paper reports the results of five years (five runs, 23 nights) of spectropolarimetric observations of active stars with the VCL Echelle Spectrograph of the Anglo-Australian Telescope. 225 circularly (and four linearly) polarized spectra were recorded on 28 objects (21 active stars and seven calibration standards) using the new technique of Zeeman-Doppler imaging. To extract polarization echelle spectra from raw frames, we developed a new dedicated automatic software package (called ESpRIT, which utilizes optimal extraction techniques) whose detailed description is given in the paper. For each recorded spectrum, we extract 'mean' polarized and unpolarized profiles using 'least-squares deconvolution', a technique similar to cross-correlation, which can enhance enormously the sensitivity of ZeemanDoppler imaging, by up to 7.5 mag in flux with respect to a single average line analysis or by 4.5 mag compared with the older technique of Donati et al. in the particular case of a K1 star. Magnetic field is detected unambiguously on 14 objects, namely the weak-line T Tauri star V410 Tau, the pre-main-sequence binary HD 155555, the ZAMS stars AB Dor and LQ Hya, the dwarf flare star CC Eri, the RS CVn systems HR 1099, EI Eri, TY Pyx, CF Thc, SZ Psc, II Peg, 1M Peg and IL Hya, and the FK Com star YY Men. Marginal field detections are also obtained for the weak-line T Tauri star HD 283572 and the Herbig Ae star HD 104237. Except on HR 1099 and II Peg, our results represent the first direct field detections ever reported on these objects, and in particular the first direct field detection on as young a star as V410 Tau. Most of the magnetic signatures we detect on cool stars show several sign reversals throughout . the line profile, indicating that the parent field structure is rather complex and must feature (as expected) many small-scale magnetic regions of different polarities. For all stars on which Zeeman detections are recorded with sufficient accuracy (namely LQ Hya, CC Eri, HR 1099, EI Eri, II Peg, IL Hya and YY Men), differential least-squares deconvolution from both the blue and the red parts of the spectral domain indicates that the magnetic regions we detect are mostly 500 to 1000 K cooler than, and sometimes at the same temperature as, but never warmer than the surrounding photosphere. Serendipitous results include the first detection (i) of small-amplitude radial velocity variations (1.3 kIn S-1 peak to peak) of the Herbig Ae star HD 104237 with small enough a period (37.5 ± 1 min) that they must be due to stellar pulsations and (ii) of the solar-like secondary component of the RS CVn system IL Hya.
Cross-layering in mobile ad hoc network design

Mobile ad hoc network researchers face the challenge of achieving full functionality with good performance while linking the new technology to the rest of the Internet. A strict layered design is not flexible enough to cope with the dynamics of manet environments, however, and will prevent performance optimizations. The MobileMan cross-layer architecture offers an alternative to the pure layered approach that promotes stricter local interaction among protocols in a manet node.
Design and Testing of a Permanent Magnet Axial Flux Wind Power Generator

The axial flux (disc shape) permanent magnet machine is an attractive alternative to radial flux (cylindrical shape) machines in wind turbine applications. The axial flux configuration is amenable to the low-speed, high-torque operation of a direct drive wind energy system. Direct drive wind energy conversion tends to decrease the system size, weight, and noise, while increasing overall efficiency and reliability. When computing the magnetic field in axial field electric machines for machine design purposes, a 3-D electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA) is generally required. However, FEA typically requires very long computation time, especially for 3-D computations. Furthermore, developing a proficiency in the use of electromagnetic FEA tools is not realistic for most undergraduate engineering technology students in a single semester. Therefore, an analytical model of the axial field machine that facilitates expeditious machine design and modeling is highly desirable. In this paper, the magnetic field distribution in a two-rotor, permanent magnet, ironless stator axial field generator for direct-drive wind energy conversion is studied. The goal is to develop the analytical model for the machine that will facilitate timely design trade-off studies and support an overall electro-mechanical model of wind energy conversion systems. With the analytic solution for magnetic field strength in the airgap, other quantities of interest may be evaluated, such as back emf (voltage due to rotor magnetic field plus mutual and selfinduced voltage between windings), its harmonic content, and, consequently, the machine torque. With this approach, it is possible to analyze the entire electro-mechanical system, simulating rotation, quickly calculating magnetic fields, torques, and voltages for specified electrical loading conditions. Based on the analytical design approach, an experimental micro-wind generator is constructed. The predicted performance metrics from the analytical model are then compared with experimentally measured quantities to evaluate the effectiveness of the analytical approach.
Relation Annotation for Understanding Research Papers

We describe a new annotation scheme for formalizing relation structures in research papers. The scheme has been developed through the investigation of computer science papers. Using the scheme, we are building a Japanese corpus to help develop information extraction systems for digital libraries. We report on the outline of the annotation scheme and on annotation experiments conducted on research abstracts from the IPSJ Journal.
Gottsched’s Noble Lie. Moral Weeklies And The Educational Autonomy Of Women

This chapter aims to resolve the apparent tension about Johann Christoph Gottscheds real or supposed contribution. It first reviews the historical and intellectual context of Gottsheds weekly and then addresses the arguments for and against Gottscheds positive contribution. Next the chapter presents a brief statement for why we should endorse a sympathetic interpretation of Gottsheds project. In an effort to mediate the perceived tension over Gottsheds contribution to the educational autonomy of women, the author believes there are two things to keep in mind. The first involves the inevitable difficulty of isolating Gottsheds historical situation, as well as our own, that allows the question of his positive contribution to be meaningful. The second point to keep in mind when evaluating Gottscheds contribution to the educational autonomy of women is related to what the author calls his naive optimism for social reform. Keywords: educational autonomy of women; Johann Christoph Gottsched; naive optimism
Mantle Sources of Lunar Volcanism in the Ocean of Storms: Evidence from Trace-Element and Nd Isotopic Chemistry of Fine-Grained Basalts at Apollo 12

MANTLE SOURCES OF LUNAR VOLCANISM IN THE OCEAN OF STORMS: EVIDENCE FROM TRACE-ELEMENT AND Nd ISOTOPIC CHEMISTRY OF FINEGRAINED BASALTS AT APOLLO 12 -Gregory A. Snyder1, Clive R. Neal2, Lawrence A. ~ay lor l ; and Alex N. Halliday3; l~ lanetary Geosciences Institute, Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; 2 ~ e p t . of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46645; Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48 109. In an effort to follow the processes of mantle melting Table 1: Whole-rock ChemiSt~ ( P P ~ ) of Awllo 12 FG Basalts
Study of Hand Gesture Recognition Technologies and Applications for Human Vehicle Interaction

This paper describes the primary and secondary driving task together with Human Machine Interface (HMI) trends and issues which are driving automotive user interface designers to consider hand gesture recognition as a realistic alternative for user controls. A number of hand gesture recognition technologies and applications for Human Vehicle Interaction (HVI) are also discussed including a summary of current automotive hand gesture recognition research.