LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Designing Clinical Space for the Delivery of Integrated Behavioral Health and Primary Care.

PURPOSE
This study sought to describe features of the physical space in which practices integrating primary care and behavioral health care work and to identify the arrangements that enable integration of care.


METHODS
We conducted an observational study of 19 diverse practices located across the United States. Practice-level data included field notes from 2-4-day site visits, transcripts from semistructured interviews with clinicians and clinical staff, online implementation diary posts, and facility photographs. A multidisciplinary team used a 4-stage, systematic approach to analyze data and identify how physical layout enabled the work of integrated care teams.


RESULTS
Two dominant spatial layouts emerged across practices: type-1 layouts were characterized by having primary care clinicians (PCCs) and behavioral health clinicians (BHCs) located in separate work areas, and type-2 layouts had BHCs and PCCs sharing work space. We describe these layouts and the influence they have on situational awareness, interprofessional "bumpability," and opportunities for on-the-fly communication. We observed BHCs and PCCs engaging in more face-to-face methods for coordinating integrated care for patients in type 2 layouts (41.5% of observed encounters vs 11.7%; P < .05). We show that practices needed to strike a balance between professional proximity and private work areas to accomplish job tasks. Private workspace was needed for focused work, to see patients, and for consults between clinicians and clinical staff. We describe the ways practices modified and built new space and provide 2 recommended layouts for practices integrating care based on study findings.


CONCLUSION
Physical layout and positioning of professionals' workspace is an important consideration in practices implementing integrated care. Clinicians, researchers, and health-care administrators are encouraged to consider the role of professional proximity and private working space when creating new facilities or redesigning existing space to foster delivery of integrated behavioral health and primary care.
Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism with Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Bariatric Surgery: a Prospective, Randomised Pilot Study Evaluating Two Doses of Parnaparin (BAFLUX Study)

BACKGROUND
The optimal dose of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) after bariatric surgery remains controversial. The aim of this multicentre, open-label, pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two different doses of the LMWH parnaparin administered to patients undergoing bariatric surgery.


METHODS
Patients were randomised to receive 4,250 IU/day (group A) or 6,400 IU/day (group B) of parnaparin s.c. for 7-11 days. Bilateral colour Doppler ultrasound of the lower limb was performed before surgery and at the end of the treatment period. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of asymptomatic and symptomatic deep vein thrombosis, symptomatic pulmonary embolism and death from any cause during treatment. The primary safety endpoint was major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding.


RESULTS
A total of 258 patients underwent randomization; 8 subjects were excluded following the safety analysis. One hundred thirty-one patients [106 females; mean age, 40.3 years (standard deviation (SD) ±9.6); mean body mass index (BMI), 44.6 kg/m(2) (SD ±5.4)] were assigned to group A and 119 patients [93 females; mean age, 41.5 years (SD ±9.9); mean BMI, 44.2 kg/m(2) (SD ±5.4)] were assigned to group B. The rate of the primary efficacy outcome was 1.5% (two cases; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.2-6.0%) in group A as compared with 0.8% (one case; 95% CI, 0.4-5.3%) in group B (p = ns). The composite incidence of major bleeding and clinically relevant non-major bleeding was 6.1% (eight cases; 95% CI, 2.9-12.1%) in group A and 5.0% (six cases; 95% CI, 2.1-11.1%) in group B (p = ns).


CONCLUSIONS
A parnaparin dose of 4,250 IU/day seems suitable for VTE prevention in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
Vascular responses at proximal and distal edges of paclitaxel-eluting stents: serial intravascular ultrasound analysis from the TAXUS II trial.

BACKGROUND
On the basis of brachytherapy experience, edge stenosis has been raised as a potential limitation for drug-eluting stents. We used serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to prospectively analyze vessel responses in adjacent reference segments after implantation of polymer-controlled paclitaxel-eluting stents.


METHODS AND RESULTS
TAXUS II was a randomized, double-blind trial with 2 consecutive patient cohorts that compared slow-release (SR) and moderate-release (MR) paclitaxel-eluting stents with control bare metal stents (BMS). By protocol, all patients had postprocedure and 6-month follow-up IVUS. Quantitative IVUS analysis was performed by an independent core laboratory, blinded to treatment allocation, in 5-mm vessel segments immediately proximal and distal to the stent. Serial IVUS was available for 106 SR, 107 MR, and 214 BMS patients. For all 3 groups, a significant decrease in proximal-edge lumen area was observed at 6 months. The decrease was comparable (by ANOVA, P=0.194) for patients in the SR (-0.54+/-2.1 mm2) and MR (-0.88+/-1.9 mm2) groups compared with the BMS (-1.02+/-1.9 mm2) group. For the distal edge, a significant decrease in lumen area was only observed with BMS (-0.91+/-2.0 mm2, P<0.0001); this decrease was significantly attenuated with SR (0.08+/-2.0 mm2) and MR (-0.19+/-1.7 mm2) stents (P<0.0001 by ANOVA). Negative vessel remodeling was observed at the proximal (-0.48+/-2.2 mm2, P=0.011) but not the distal edges of BMS and at neither edge of SR or MR stents.


CONCLUSIONS
The marked reduction in in-stent restenosis with SR or MR stents is not associated with increased edge stenosis at 6-month follow-up IVUS. In fact, compared with BMS, there is instead a significant reduction in late lumen loss at the distal edge with TAXUS stents.
Recent origin of low trabecular bone density in modern humans.

Humans are unique, compared with our closest living relatives (chimpanzees) and early fossil hominins, in having an enlarged body size and lower limb joint surfaces in combination with a relatively gracile skeleton (i.e., lower bone mass for our body size). Some analyses have observed that in at least a few anatomical regions modern humans today appear to have relatively low trabecular density, but little is known about how that density varies throughout the human skeleton and across species or how and when the present trabecular patterns emerged over the course of human evolution. Here, we test the hypotheses that (i) recent modern humans have low trabecular density throughout the upper and lower limbs compared with other primate taxa and (ii) the reduction in trabecular density first occurred in early Homo erectus, consistent with the shift toward a modern human locomotor anatomy, or more recently in concert with diaphyseal gracilization in Holocene humans. We used peripheral quantitative CT and microtomography to measure trabecular bone of limb epiphyses (long bone articular ends) in modern humans and chimpanzees and in fossil hominins attributed to Australopithecus africanus, Paranthropus robustus/early Homo from Swartkrans, Homo neanderthalensis, and early Homo sapiens. Results show that only recent modern humans have low trabecular density throughout the limb joints. Extinct hominins, including pre-Holocene Homo sapiens, retain the high levels seen in nonhuman primates. Thus, the low trabecular density of the recent modern human skeleton evolved late in our evolutionary history, potentially resulting from increased sedentism and reliance on technological and cultural innovations.
Fast Scans on Key-Value Stores

Key-Value Stores (KVS) are becoming increasingly popular because they scale up and down elastically, sustain high throughputs for get/put workloads and have low latencies. KVS owe these advantages to their simplicity. This simplicity, however, comes at a cost: It is expensive to process complex, analytical queries on top of a KVS because today’s generation of KVS does not support an efficient way to scan the data. The problem is that there are conflicting goals when designing a KVS for analytical queries and for simple get/put workloads: Analytical queries require high locality and a compact representation of data whereas elastic get/put workloads require sparse indexes. This paper shows that it is possible to have it all, with reasonable compromises. We studied the KVS design space and built TellStore, a distributed KVS, that performs almost as well as state-of-the-art KVS for get/put workloads and orders of magnitude better for analytical and mixed workloads. This paper presents the results of comprehensive experiments with an extended version of the YCSB benchmark and a workload from the telecommunication industry.
Relationship between the type and amount of physical activity and low back pain in Koreans aged 50 years and older.

OBJECTIVES
To examine the association between the type and amount of physical activity (PA) and low back pain (LBP) in people aged ≥50 years.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.


SETTING
A nationwide survey.


PARTICIPANTS
Data were obtained from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted in 2010 and 2011. Overall, 1796 men and 2198 women aged ≥50 years were included.


METHODS
PA was categorized as vigorous, moderate, walking, strength exercises, or flexibility exercises. The total amount of PA was presented as quartiles of the total metabolic equivalent (MET)-minutes/week based on the PA questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine associations between LBP and the type and amount of PA.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Odds ratio for LBP according to the type of PA and the quartiles of the total MET-minutes/week.


RESULTS
After adjusting for age and body mass index, vigorous and moderate PA were associated with an increased risk of LBP in both men and women, whereas strength exercises were associated with a reduced risk of LBP. These associations were maintained after adjusting for all potential confounders. Subgroup analysis according to age revealed that these trends were most significantly demonstrated in women aged ≥65 years. The PA quartiles for total MET-minutes/week for men showed a U-shaped association with LBP, whereas only the fourth PA quartile for women showed an increased risk of LBP compared with the second quartile.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that both the type and amount of PA affect the development of LBP in people aged ≥50 years and thus activity modification might be helpful for prevention and management of LBP.
Marine-Sourced Anti-Cancer and Cancer Pain Control Agents in Clinical and Late Preclinical Development †

The marine habitat has produced a significant number of very potent marine-derived agents that have the potential to inhibit the growth of human tumor cells in vitro and, in a number of cases, in both in vivo murine models and in humans. Although many agents have entered clinical trials in cancer, to date, only Cytarabine, Yondelis® (ET743), Eribulin (a synthetic derivative based on the structure of halichondrin B), and the dolastatin 10 derivative, monomethylauristatin E (MMAE or vedotin) as a warhead, have been approved for use in humans (Adcetris®). In this review, we show the compounds derived from marine sources that are currently in clinical trials against cancer. We have included brief discussions of the approved agents, where they are in trials to extend their initial approved activity (a common practice once an agent is approved), and have also included an extensive discussion of the use of auristatin derivatives as warheads, plus an area that has rarely been covered, the use of marine-derived agents to ameliorate the pain from cancers in humans, and to act as an adjuvant in immunological therapies.
Parameterized complexity: A framework for systematically confronting computational intractability

In this paper we give a programmatic overview of parame-terized computational complexity in the broad context of the problem of coping with computational intractability. We give some examples of how xed-parameter tractability techniques can deliver practical algorithms in two diierent ways: (1) by providing useful exact algorithms for small parameter ranges, and (2) by providing guidance in the design of heuristic algorithms. In particular, we describe an improved FPT ker-nelization algorithm for Vertex Cover, a practical FPT algorithm for the Maximum Agreement Subtree (MAST) problem parameterized by the number of species to be deleted, and new general heuristics for these problems based on FPT techniques. In the course of making this overview, we also investigate some structural and hardness issues. We prove that an important naturally parameterized problem in artiicial intelligence, STRIPS Planning (where the parameter is the size of the plan) is complete for W1]. As a corollary, this implies that k-Step Reachability for Petri Nets is complete for W1]. We describe how the concept of treewidth can be applied to STRIPS Planning and other problems of logic to obtain FPT results. We describe a surprising structural result concerning the top end of the parameterized complexity hierarchy: the naturally parameterized Graph k-Coloring problem cannot be resolved with respect to XP either by showing membership in XP, or by showing hardness for XP without settling the P = NP question one way or the other.
Pose and Motion from Contact

In the absence of vision, grasping an object often relies on tactile feedback from the ngertips. As the nger pushes the object, the ngertip can feel the contact point move. If the object is known in advance, from this motion the nger may infer the location of the contact point on the object and thereby the object pose. This paper primarily investigates the problem of determining the pose (orientation and position) and motion (velocity and angular velocity) of a planar object with known geometry from such contact motion generated by pushing. A dynamic analysis of pushing yields a nonlinear system that relates through contact the object pose and motion to the nger motion. The contact motion on the ngertip thus encodes certain information about the object pose. Nonlinear observability theory is employed to show that such information is su cient for the nger to \observe" not only the pose but also the motion of the object. Therefore a sensing strategy can be realized as an observer of the nonlinear dynamical system. Two observers are subsequently introduced. The rst observer, based on the result of [15], has its \gain" determined by the solution of a Lyapunov-like equation; it can be activated at any time instant during a push. The second observer, based on Newton's method, solves for the initial (motionless) object pose from three intermediate contact points during a push. Under the Coulomb friction model, the paper copes with support friction in the plane and/or contact friction between the nger and the object. Extensive simulations have been done to demonstrate the feasibility of the two observers. Preliminary experiments (with an Adept robot) have also been conducted. A contact sensor has been implemented using strain gauges. Accepted by the International Journal of Robotics Research.
A Fall-back Strategy for Sentiment Analysis in Hindi : a Case Study

Sentiment Analysis (SA) research has gained tremendous momentum in recent times. However, there has been little work in this area for an Indian language. We propose in this paper a fall-back strategy to do sentiment analysis for Hindi documents, a problem on which, to the best of our knowledge, no work has been done until now. (A) First of all, we study three approaches to perform SA in Hindi. We have developed a sentiment annotated corpora in the Hindi movie review domain. The first of our approaches involves training a classifier on this annotated Hindi corpus and using it to classify a new Hindi document. (B) In the second approach, we translate the given document into English and use a classifier trained on standard English movie reviews to classify the document. (C) In the third approach, we develop a lexical resource called Hindi-SentiWordNet (H-SWN) and implement a majority score based strategy to classify the given document. A comparison of performance of these approaches implies that we can adopt a fallback strategy for doing sentiment analysis for a new language, viz., (1) Train a sentiment classifier on in-language labeled corpus and use this classifier to classify a new document. (2) If in-language training data is not available, apply rough machine translation to translate the new document into a resource-rich language like English and detect the polarity of the translated document using a classifier for English, assuming polarity is not lost in translation. (3) If the translation cannot be done, put in place a SentiWordNet-like resource for the new language and apply a majority strategy to the document to be classified. Two additional contributions of our work are (i) the development of sentiment labeled corpus for Hindi movie reviews and (ii) construction of a lexical resource, Hindi SentiWordNet based on its English counterpart.
Effects of music therapy and guided visual imagery on chemotherapy-induced anxiety and nausea-vomiting.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To reveal the effects of music therapy and visual imagery on chemotherapy-induced anxiety and nausea-vomiting.


BACKGROUND
Behavioural techniques such as music therapy and visual imagery are becoming increasingly important in dealing with chemotherapy-induced anxiety, nausea and vomiting.


DESIGN
The study is an experimental and cross-sectional one and performed on a single sample group with the pre-post-test design consisting of 40 individuals. The individuals in the sample group comprised both the control and the case group of the study.


METHODS
To obtain the study data, the following forms were used: the Personal Information Form, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, The Visual Analogue Scale and Individual Evaluation Form for Nausea and Vomiting adapted from The Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Vomiting.


RESULTS
In the study, the participants' state and trait anxiety levels decreased significantly (p < 0·05). Music therapy and visual imagery reduced the severity and duration of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting significantly (p < 0·05). In our research, 40% of the patients did not have anticipatory nausea and 55% of the patients did not have anticipatory vomiting during the third chemotherapy cycle during which music therapy and guided visual imagery were implemented.


CONCLUSIONS
It was determined that complementary approaches comprising music therapy and visual imagery had positive effects on chemotherapy-induced anxiety, nausea and vomiting, which are suffered too often and affect the patients' whole lives adversely.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
This study is worthy of interest as it has revealed that music therapy and visual imagery which have been proven to be effective in many health problems in different areas are also important, and practical complementary approaches that are effective in getting chemotherapy-induced anxiety, nausea and vomiting under control.
Multidisciplinary design optimization of mechanisms

The optimization of mechanisms is usually done in the field of mechanism itself. As a result the structural safety of the mechanism is neglected. To ensure the safety and improve the dynamic characteristics of mechanisms, a multidisciplinary design optimization procedure is proposed in this paper to synthesize optimum mechanisms. Two disciplines are involved in the multidisciplinary design optimization. They are the mechanism and the structure. The multi-level decomposition approach is chosen to generate optimum mechanisms. The optimized mechanisms not only satisfy mechanism and structural constraints but also have optimum objective function values in the two disciplines. In order to solve general mechanism design problems two widely used commercial softwares MSC/NASTRAN and MSC/ADAMS are integrated in the procedure to do the structural and the mechanism analysis, respectively. When the structural optimization is performed, a compromised approach is introduced to treat multiple configurations of mechanisms during operation. Two mechanism design problems are given to test the proposed method. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Screening versus routine practice in detection of atrial fibrillation in patients aged 65 or over: cluster randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES
To assess whether screening improves the detection of atrial fibrillation (cluster randomisation) and to compare systematic and opportunistic screening.


DESIGN
Multicentred cluster randomised controlled trial, with subsidiary trial embedded within the intervention arm.


SETTING
50 primary care centres in England, with further individual randomisation of patients in the intervention practices.


PARTICIPANTS
14,802 patients aged 65 or over in 25 intervention and 25 control practices.


INTERVENTIONS
Patients in intervention practices were randomly allocated to systematic screening (invitation for electrocardiography) or opportunistic screening (pulse taking and invitation for electrocardiography if the pulse was irregular). Screening took place over 12 months in each practice from October 2001 to February 2003. No active screening took place in control practices.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Newly identified atrial fibrillation.


RESULTS
The detection rate of new cases of atrial fibrillation was 1.63% a year in the intervention practices and 1.04% in control practices (difference 0.59%, 95% confidence interval 0.20% to 0.98%). Systematic and opportunistic screening detected similar numbers of new cases (1.62% v 1.64%, difference 0.02%, -0.5% to 0.5%).


CONCLUSION
Active screening for atrial fibrillation detects additional cases over current practice. The preferred method of screening in patients aged 65 or over in primary care is opportunistic pulse taking with follow-up electrocardiography.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN19633732 [controlled-trials.com].
Early Predictors of Anemia in Patients With Hepatitis C Genotype 1 Treated With Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD) Plus Ribavirin

OBJECTIVE:Adherence to ribavirin is one factor that is critically important in the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. However, ribavirin can be associated with clinically significant hemolytic anemia resulting in dose modifications in up to one-quarter of patients. Currently, baseline predictors of considerable anemia are not sufficiently discriminating for routine therapeutic intervention. The objective of this analysis was to elucidate baseline and on-treatment factors predictive of a considerable hemoglobin drop at week 4.METHODS:Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore possible predictors for considerable hemoglobin decline (≥2.5 g/dL) at week 4 among patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) and ribavirin (1,000/1,200 mg/day).RESULTS:A total of 555 patients were included in this analysis. At week 4, 236 patients exhibited a ≥2.5 g/dL decrease in hemoglobin. By regression analysis the most important independent variables associated with a decrease in hemoglobin of ≥2.5 g/dL were baseline creatinine clearance (P= 0.0003) and a rapid decline in hemoglobin of ≥1.5 g/dL at week 2 (P < 0.0001). Considerable hemoglobin decreases at week 4 were also significantly associated with early ribavirin dose reductions and a lower cumulative daily dose of ribavirin.CONCLUSION:Patients with impaired renal function may be at an increased risk of ribavirin-related anemia and should be monitored accordingly. Furthermore, a hemoglobin drop of ≥1.5 g/dL by week 2 was an excellent early predictor for subsequent considerable hemoglobin decreases and might be used to identify candidates for early intervention against anemia in order to help maintain ribavirin dosing and avoid suboptimal exposure.