LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
HPV16 genetic variation and the development of cervical cancer worldwide

Background:Factors that favour a small proportion of HPV16 infections to progress to cancer are still poorly understood, but several studies have implicated a role of HPV16 genetic variation.Methods:To evaluate the association between HPV16 genetic variants and cervical cancer risk, we designed a multicentre case–control study based on HPV16-positive cervical samples (1121 cervical cancer cases and 400 controls) from the International Agency for Research on Cancer biobank. By sequencing the E6 gene, HPV16 isolates were classified into variant lineages and the European (EUR)-lineage isolates were subclassified by the common polymorphism T350G.Results:Incidence of variant lineages differed between cases and controls in Europe/Central Asia (P=0.006, driven by an underrepresentation of African lineages in cases), and South/Central America (P=0.056, driven by an overrepresentation of Asian American/North American lineages in cases). EUR-350G isolates were significantly underrepresented in cervical cancer in East Asia (odds ratio (OR)=0.02 vs EUR-350T; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.00–0.37) and Europe/Central Asia (OR=0.42; 95% CI=0.27–0.64), whereas the opposite was true in South/Central America (OR=4.69; 95% CI=2.07–10.66).Conclusion:We observed that the distribution of HPV16 variants worldwide, and their relative risks for cervical cancer appear to be population-dependent.
Rehabilitation Treatment and Progress of Traumatic Brain Injury Dysfunction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of chronic disability. Worldwide, it is the leading cause of disability in the under 40s. Behavioral problems, mood, cognition, particularly memory, attention, and executive function are commonly impaired by TBI. Spending to assist, TBI survivors with disabilities are estimated to be costly per year. Such impaired functional outcomes following TBI can be improved via various rehabilitative approaches. The objective of the present paper is to review the current rehabilitation treatment of traumatic brain injury in adults.
Short-term intensive insulin therapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes is associated with defects in insulin secretion and insulin action. Hyperglycemia may aggravate these defects, a feature known as glucose toxicity. Previous studies have shown that acute correction of hyperglycemia in subjects with long-standing type 2 diabetes gives only short-term improvement in glycemic control after discontinuation of insulin. The current study attempts to identify any characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (fasting glucose >11.0 mmol/l) who would have a long-term benefit, in terms of glycemic control, from a brief course of insulin therapy.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 16 subjects (52 +/- 2 years old [range 36-64], BMI 30.8 +/- 1.9 kg/m2) with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes had a 2-3 week course of intensive insulin therapy that was then discontinued.


RESULTS
Fasting glucose fell from 13.3 +/- 0.7 to 7.0 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, and this improvement was maintained at the 1-year follow-up (6.7 +/- 0.3 mmol/l). The insulin area under the curve for the posttreatment oral glucose tolerance test also improved (8,251 +/- 1,880 before therapy, 18,404 +/- 4,040 directly after insulin therapy, and 42,368 +/- 8,517 pmol.min at the 1-year follow-up). At 1 year, seven of the subjects maintained good glycemic control on diet therapy alone, eight required oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) therapy, and one required insulin therapy. The distinguishing features of those who did not require OHA or insulin therapy were that they required less insulin during the active insulin therapy phase (0.37 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.73 +/- 0.07 units.kg(-1).day(-1)) and were able to attain a lower fasting serum glucose at the end of the period of insulin therapy (5.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 7.7 +/- 0.4 mmol/l).


CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate that in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with elevated fasting glucose levels, a 2- to 3-week course of intensive insulin therapy can successfully lay a foundation for prolonged good glycemic control. The ease with which normoglycemia is achieved on insulin may predict those patients who can later succeed in controlling glucose levels with attention to diet alone.
Direct Back EMF Detection Method for Sensorless Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor Drives

Brushlesss dc (BLDC) motors and their drives are penetrating the market of home appliances, HVAC industry, and automotive applications in recent years because of their high efficiency, silent operation, compact form, reliability, and low maintenance. Traditionally, BLDC motors are commutated in six-step pattern with commutation controlled by position sensors. To reduce cost and complexity of the drive system, sensorless drive is preferred. The existing sensorless control scheme with the conventional back EMF sensing based on motor neutral voltage for BLDC has certain drawbacks, which limit its applications. In this thesis, a novel back EMF sensing scheme, direct back EMF detection, for sensorless BLDC drives is presented. For this scheme, the motor neutral voltage is not needed to measure the back EMFs. The true back EMF of the floating motor winding can be detected during off time of PWM because the terminal voltage of the motor is directly proportional to the phase back EMF during this interval. Also, the back EMF voltage is referenced to ground without any common mode noise. Therefore, this back EMF sensing method is immune to switching noise and common mode voltage. As a result, there are no attenuation and filtering necessary for the back EMFs sensing. iii This unique back EMF sensing method has superior performance to existing methods which rely on neutral voltage information, providing much wider motor speed range at low cost. Based on the fundamental concept of the direct Back EMF detection, improved circuitry for low speed /low voltage and high voltage applications are also proposed in the thesis, which will further expand the applications of the sensorless BLDC motor drives. Starting the motor is critical and sometime difficult for a BLDC sensorless system. A practical start-up tuning procedure for the sensorless system with the help of a dc tachometer is described in the thesis. This procedure has the maximum acceleration performance during the start-up and can be used for all different type applications. An advanced mixed-signal microcontroller is developed so that the EMF sensing scheme is embedded in this low cost 8-bit microcontroller. This device is truly SOC (system-on-chip) product, with high-throughput Micro core, precision-analog circuit, in-system programmable memory and motor control peripherals integrated on a single die. A microcontroller-based sensorless BLDC drive system has been developed as well, which is suitable for various applications, including hard disk drive, fans, pumps, blowers, and home appliances, etc. iv Acknowledgment
Named Entity Recognition Using a New Fuzzy Support Vector Machine

Recognizing and extracting exact name entities, like Persons, Locations, Organizations, Dates and Times are very useful to mining information from electronics resources and text. Learning to extract these types of data is called Named Entity Recognition (NER) task. Proper named entity recognition and extraction is important to solve most problems in hot research area such as Question Answering and Summarization Systems, Information Retrieval and Information Extraction, Machine Translation, Video Annotation, Semantic Web Search and Bioinformatics, especially Gene identification, proteins and DNAs names. Nowadays more researchers use three type of approaches namely, Rule-base NER, Machine Learning-base NER and Hybrid NER to identify names. Machine learning method is more famous and applicable than others, because it’s more portable and domain independent. Some of the Machine learning algorithms used in NER methods are, support vector machine (SVM), Hidden Markov Model, Maximum Entropy Model (MEM) and Decision Tree. In this paper, we review these methods and compare them based on precision in recognition and also portability using the Message Understanding Conference (MUC) named entity definition and its standard data set to find their strength and weakness of each these methods. We have improved the precision in NER from text using the new proposed method that calls FSVM for NER. In our method we have employed Support Vector Machine as one of the best machine learning algorithm for classification and we contribute a new fuzzy membership function thus removing the Support Vector Machine’s weakness points in NER precision and multi classification. The design of our method is a kind of OneAgainst-All multi classification technique to solve the traditional binary classifier in SVM.
Introduction to ARENA

This paper highlights the features and functions of Systems Modeling Corporation's general purpose simulation system, Arena. Arena represents an advancement in simulation technology by enabling enterprise-wide simulation. It is a comprehensive system that addresses all phases of a simulation project from input data analysis to the analysis of simulation output data. Building on the capabilities of Systems Modeling's earlier products, SIMAN and Cinema, Arena uses a hierarchical approach to provide the user with the power of a simulation language and the flexibility of a simulator. The object-oriented approach that was central to Arena's development, coupled with the hierarchical architecture, enables the professional user to define the personality of the system for the end-user. The professional user can actually build his or her own simulation system by combining SIMAN and Arena constructs into modules for the end-user. Arena is focused on bringing the use of simulation to broad new classes of users. Its application focus addresses the needs of manufacturing as well as decision support for many other areas including, business process reengineering, medical systems, transportation, logistics, and data communications.
Density estimation by wavelet thresholding

Density estimation is a commonly used test case for non-parametric estimation methods. We explore the asymptotic properties of estimators based on thresholding of empirical wavelet coe cients. Minimax rates of convergence are studied over a large range of Besov function classes Bs;p;q and for a range of global L 0 p error measures, 1 p < 1. A single wavelet threshold estimator is asymptotically minimax within logarithmic terms simultaneously over a range of spaces and error measures. In particular, when p > p, some form of non-linearity is essential, since the minimax linear estimators are suboptimal by polynomial powers of n. A second approach, using an approximation of a Gaussian white noise model in a Mallows metric, is used to attain exactly optimal rates of convergence for quadratic error (p = 2).
Assessing the association of appropriateness of coronary revascularization and clinical outcomes for patients with stable coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVES
The study assessed the appropriateness of coronary revascularization in Ontario, Canada, and examined its association with longer-term outcomes.


BACKGROUND
Although appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization have been developed to improve the rational use of cardiac invasive procedures, it is unknown whether greater adherence to appropriateness guidelines is associated with improved clinical outcomes in stable coronary artery disease.


METHODS
A population-based cohort of stable patients undergoing cardiac catheterization was assembled from April 1, 2006, to March 31, 2007. The appropriateness for coronary revascularization at the time of coronary angiography was retrospectively adjudicated using the appropriate use criteria. Clinical outcomes between coronary revascularization and medical treatment without revascularization, stratified by appropriateness categories, were compared.


RESULTS
In 1,625 patients with stable coronary artery disease, percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting was only performed in 69% who had an appropriate indication for coronary revascularization. Coronary revascularization was associated with a lower adjusted hazard of death or acute coronary syndrome (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42 to 0.88) at 3 years compared with medical therapy in appropriate patients. The rate of coronary revascularization was 54% in the uncertain category and 45% in the inappropriate category. No significant difference in death or acute coronary syndrome between coronary revascularization and no revascularization in the uncertain category (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.28 to 1.16) and the inappropriate category (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.48 to 2.02) was observed.


CONCLUSIONS
Using the appropriateness use criteria, we identified substantial underutilization and overutilization of coronary revascularization in contemporary clinical practice. Underutilization of coronary revascularization is associated with significantly increased risks of adverse outcomes in patients with appropriate indications.
Biomechanical Stability of Juvidur and Bone Models on Osteosyntesic Materials

INTRODUCTION
Artificial models can be useful at approximate and qualitative research, which should give the preliminary results. Artificial models are usually made of photo-elastic plastic e.g.. juvidur, araldite in the three-dimensional contour shape of the bone. Anatomical preparations consist of the same heterogeneous, structural materials with extremely anisotropic and unequal highly elastic characteristics, which are embedded in a complex organic structure.


THE AIM OF THE STUDY
Examine the budget voltage and deformation of: dynamic compression plate (DCP), locking compression plate (LCP), Mitkovic internal fixator (MIF), Locked intramedullary nailing (LIN) on the compressive and bending forces on juvidur and veal bone models and compared the results of these two methods (juvidur, veal bone).


MATERIAL AND METHODS
For the experimental study were used geometrically identical, anatomically shaped models of Juvidur and veal bones diameter of 30 mm and a length of 100 mm. Static tests were performed with SHIMADZU AGS-X testing machine, where the force of pressure (compression) increased from 0 N to 500 N, and then conducted relief. Bending forces grew from 0 N to 250 N, after which came into sharp relief.


RESULTS
On models of juvidur and veal bones studies have confirmed that uniform stability at the site of the fracture MIF with a coefficient ranking KMIF=0,1971, KLIN=0,2704, KDCP=0,2727 i KLCP=0,5821.


CONCLUSION
On models of juvidur and veal bones working with Shimadzu AGS-X testing machine is best demonstrated MIF with a coefficient of 0.1971.
Adjustment in the clinical practice of treat-to-target guidelines for rheumatoid arthritis: Results of the ToARCan study.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze compliance with t2t clinical practice guidelines.


METHODS
Cross-sectional observational study in consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 5 hospitals in the Canary Islands. Patients filled out activity scales, HAQ and answered the question of whether the doctor had explained the treatment target. The rheumatologist also collected: visits in the past year, use of activity indices and HAQ, DAS28 of current visit and date of the next visit. The percentage of compliance to indicators based on the t2t recommendations (R) 1, 3, 5-7 and 10 was analyzed.


RESULTS
A total of 343 patients were recruited, 77% female, mean age 57, RA duration of 10 years. Median visits in the last year were 3 and mean time between last and current visit was 5.6 months. A total of 93% of the patients were treated with DMARDs and 44% were in remission by DAS (R1). In the previous visit, documented joint count was present in 85%, a HAQ in 19%, patient VAS in 41%, and a DAS28 in 35% of the patients (R6). The next visit was scheduled at an average of 4.3 months (R5). In 64% of patients with DAS28> 3.2 a visit between one and 3 months was scheduled (R5). A total of 96% of patients said they had been informed of the treatment target (R10). Variability between centers existed but was moderate. The only factor determining the performance of a DAS28 in the last visit was the patient's center of origin.


CONCLUSIONS
The Canary Island centers studied achieved high levels of remission and low activity in their patients. The performance of composite indices and follow-up frequency recommended by the t2t are met, although there is room for improvement.
Avicenna and Cataracts: A New Analysis of Contributions to Diagnosis and Treatment from the Canon

BACKGROUND
Physicians in ancient Persia played an important role in the development of medicine in the medieval era. One of the most influential figures of this era was Abu Ali Sina or Ibn Sina, known as Avicenna in the western world. The author of more than 200 books on medicine and philosophy, Avicenna followed and further expanded on the tradition of western philosophy and medicine introduced by Aristotle, Hippocrates and Galen. Few researchers have looked into the different medical issues in his best known work, the Canon of Medicine, particularly with regard to ophthalmology. In this analysis, Avicenna's views on and contributions to the diagnosis and treatment of cataracts in his Canon were elucidated.


METHODS
We first reviewed an electronic copy of the Canon and then reviewed other important sources in traditional medicine including the Kamel-al-Sanaeh, Al-Havi (Continents) and Zakhireh-kharazmshahi, available in the Avicenna Special Traditional Medicine Library of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. We also searched Medline, Embase, Scopus, Iranmedex and Science Iranian Database (SID) with these keywords: "traditional medicine," "Avicenna," "cataract", "Canon", "history", "ophthalmology" and "eye disorders".


RESULTS
According to the Canon, nozul-al-maa or cataract is an obstructive disease in which external moisture accumulates between the aqueous humor and the corneal membrane and prevents images from entering the eye. Avicenna classified cataracts on the basis of size, density and color. According to size, he identified two types of cataracts including complete and partial obstruction. According to the Canon, surgical intervention was necessary only for certain indications. Avicenna believed that opacity in the initial stages of cataract could be diminished by medicines and foods, and described several medicines for cataracts. He believed that surgery should be postponed until the liquid accumulation stopped, and the cataract reached its mature state. After surgery, according to Avicenna, the patient should avoid headache-inducing situations because headaches could lead to edema of the layers of the eye. He further emphasized that the patient's psychological status played an important role in the success of surgery.


CONCLUSION
An important aspect of Avicenna's contribution to the medical management of cataracts was that he believed they could be cured by medication and nutrition in their early stages without the need for surgery. He also considered the patient's mental status as an important factor contributing to the postoperative prognosis. Our review of Avicenna's writings on eye disorders in the Canon of Medicine suggests that he had a rigorous approach to the diagnosis and management of patients suffering from eye disorders.
Iscensättande av identiteter i vuxenstudier

The focus of this thesis is how identities are construed in adult education. According to the theoretical framework inspiring the study, identities are viewed as discursive constructions that are n ...
Admission, discharge, or change in B-type natriuretic peptide and long-term outcomes: data from Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF) linked to Medicare claims.

BACKGROUND
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been associated with short- and long-term postdischarge prognosis among hospitalized patients with heart failure. It is unknown if admission, discharge, or change from admission to discharge BNP measure is the most important predictor of long-term outcomes.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We linked patients ≥65 years of age from hospitals in Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF) to Medicare claims. Among patients with recorded admission and discharge BNP, we compared Cox models predicting 1-year mortality and/or rehospitalization, including clinical variables and clinical variables plus BNP. We calculated the net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) for the best-fit model for each outcome versus the model with clinical variables alone. Among 7039 patients in 220 hospitals, median (25th, 75th) admission and discharge BNP were 832 pg/mL (451, 1660) and 534 pg/mL (281, 1111). Observed 1-year mortality and 1-year mortality or rehospitalization rates were 35.2% and 79.4%. The discharge BNP model had the best performance and was the most important characteristic for predicting 1-year mortality (hazard ratio for log transformation, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.28 to 1.40) and 1-year death or rehospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.18). Compared with a clinical variables only model, the discharge BNP model improved risk reclassification and discrimination in predicting each outcome (1-year mortality: NRI, 5.5%, P<0.0001; IDI, 0.023, P<0.0001; 1-year mortality or rehospitalization: NRI, 4.2%, P<0.0001; IDI, 0.010, P<0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
Discharge BNP best predicts 1-year mortality and/or rehospitalization among older patients hospitalized with heart failure. Discharge BNP plus clinical variables modestly improves risk classification and model discrimination for long-term outcomes.
Study on Design of University Buildings Based on the Numerical Simulation Technology

Through Starting from the construction of environment, and analyzing the construction of University and the university spirit, this paper points out the relationship between the university campus environment, buildings, and the people.Through the example, it illuminates that university buildings should be harmonious to do the natural environment, architecture, and natural environment.