LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Compression of individual sequences via variable-rate coding

Compressibiity of lndividmd sequences by the class of generalid fide-state iuformatlon-lomless encoders ls investigated. These encodersrpnoperateinavariable-ratemodeasweUasaflxedrateone,nnd they allow for any fllte-state scheme of variable-length-to-variable-Ien@ coding. For every individual lnfllte seqence x a quantity p (x) is defined, calledthecompressibil ityofx,whirhisshowntobetheasymptotieatly attainable lower bound on the compression ratio tbat cao be achieved for x by any finite-state encoder. This is demonstrated by means of a amshctivecodtngtbeoremanditsconversethat,apartfnnntheirafymptotic siguificauca?, alsu prwidc useful performance criteria for finite and practfcal data-compression tasks. The proposed concept of compressibility is also shown to play a role analogous to that of entropy in classicai informatfon theory where one deals with probabilistic ensembles of sequences ratbez Manuscript received June 10, 1977; revised February 20, 1978. J. Ziv is with Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, on leave from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. A. Lempel is with Sperry Research Center, Sudbury, MA 01776, on leave from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. than with individual sequences. Wbiie the deflnition of p (x) allows a different machlne for each different sequence to be compressed, the coustruetive eodiug theorem leads to a universal algorithm that is asymp to&ally optfmal for ail sequences.
Automatic fruit and vegetable classification from images

Contemporary Vision and Pattern Recognition problems such as face recognition, fingerprinting identification, image c ategorization, and DNA sequencing often have an arbitrarily large num ber of classes and properties to consider. To deal with such c omplex problems using just one feature descriptor is a di fficult task and feature fusion may become mandatory. Although normal feature fusion is quite effective for some problems, it can yield unexpected classifica tion results when the di fferent features are not properly normalized and preprocessed. Besides it has the drawback of increasing the dimensionality which might require more tra ining data. To cope with these problems, this paper introduces a un ified approach that can combine many featuresandclassifiersthat requires less training and is more adequate to some problems than a naı̈ve method, where all features are simply concaten ated and fed independently to each classification algorithm. Beside s that, the presented technique is amenable to continuous le arning, both when refining a learned model and also when adding new classes to b discriminated. The introduced fusion approach is vali dated using a multi-class fruit-and-vegetable categorization t ask in a semi-controlled environment, such as a distributio n center or the supermarket cashier. The results show that the solution is a ble to reduce the classification error in up to 15 percentage p oints with respect to the baseline.
What is wrong with this word? dyseggxia: a game for children with dyslexia

We present Dyseggxia, a game application with word exercises for children with dyslexia. We design the content of the game combining linguistic and pedagogical criteria as well as corpus analysis. The main contributions are (i) designing exercises by using the analysis of errors written by people with dyslexia and (i) presenting Spanish reinforcement exercises in the form of a computer game. The game is available for free on iOS and Android.
A self-determination theory approach to predicting school achievement over time: The unique role of intrinsic motivation

Although many studies have examined the relation of academic motivation to school achievement using the Self-Determination Theory perspective, the results have been inconsistent. The present investigation represents the first systematic attempt to use a meta-analysis and controlled, longitudinal studies to examine the relations of specific types of motivation to overall academic achievement. The metaanalysis (Study 1) pointed toward a potentially important role of intrinsic motivation in predicting school achievement. Three empirical studies of high school and college students in Canada (Studies 2 and 3) and in Sweden (Study 4) showed that intrinsic motivation was the only motivation type to be consistently positively associated with academic achievement over a one-year period, controlling for baseline achievement. Amotivation was significantly associated with lower academic achievement in Studies 3 and 4. Interestingly, intrinsic motivation was also associated with reduced amotivation in two of our studies and it was reciprocally associated with higher school achievement in another study. Overall, our findings highlight the unique importance of intrinsic motivation for the future academic success of high school and college students. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Using Stochastic Models to Describe and Predict Social Dynamics of Web Users

The popularity of content in social media is unequally distributed, with some items receiving a disproportionate share of attention from users. Predicting which newly-submitted items will become popular is critically important for both the hosts of social media content and its consumers. Accurate and timely prediction would enable hosts to maximize revenue through differential pricing for access to content or ad placement. Prediction would also give consumers an important tool for filtering the content. Predicting the popularity of content in social media is challenging due to the complex interactions between content quality and how the social media site highlights its content. Moreover, most social media sites selectively present content that has been highly rated by similar users, whose similarity is indicated implicitly by their behavior or explicitly by links in a social network. While these factors make it difficult to predict popularity a priori, stochastic models of user behavior on these sites can allow predicting popularity based on early user reactions to new content. By incorporating the various mechanisms through which web sites display content, such models improve on predictions that are based on simply extrapolating from the early votes. Specifically, for one such site, the news aggregator Digg, we show how a stochastic model distinguishes the effect of the increased visibility due to the network from how interested users are in the content. We find a wide range of interest, distinguishing stories primarily of interest to users in the network (“niche interests”) from those of more general interest to the user community. This distinction is useful for predicting a story’s eventual popularity from users’ early reactions to the story.
DESIGN HIGH GAIN DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER WITH COUPLING INDUCTOR AND SIMULATION IN PSIM

Abstract The high gain DC-DC converter with coupling inductor is design to boost low voltages to voltages into high range of 30 to 50 times input voltage. It is especially useful in boosting low solar panel voltage (12V) to high voltage, so that 230V ac can be generated. At the time the efficiency is also high and it is cost effective. It is a transformer less topology. This converter will work with input voltage of 12Vdc, and generate constant output voltage of 360Vdc with the help of PI controller. To achieve high voltage output gain the converter output terminal and boost output terminal are connected in serially with the isolated inductor with less voltage stress on controlled power switch and power diodes. PSIM software has been used for simulation.
Characteristics of YouTube network traffic at a campus network - Measurements, models, and implications

1389-1286/$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier B.V doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2008.09.022 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 413 545 4465. E-mail address: zink@cs.umass.edu (M. Zink). 1 http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-07 x.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube. User-Generated Content has become very popular since new web services such as YouTube allow for the distribution of user-produced media content. YouTube-like services are different from existing traditional VoD services in that the service provider has only limited control over the creation of new content. We analyze how content distribution in YouTube is realized and then conduct a measurement study of YouTube traffic in a large university campus network. Based on these measurements, we analyzed the duration and the data rate of streaming sessions, the popularity of videos, and access patterns for video clips from the clients in the campus network. The analysis of the traffic shows that trace statistics are relatively stable over short-term periods while long-term trends can be observed. We demonstrate how synthetic traces can be generated from the measured traces and show how these synthetic traces can be used as inputs to trace-driven simulations. We also analyze the benefits of alternative distribution infrastructures to improve the performance of a YouTube-like VoD service. The results of these simulations show that P2P-based distribution and proxy caching can reduce network traffic significantly and allow for faster access to video clips. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Acute mountain sickness: influence of susceptibility, preexposure, and ascent rate.

PURPOSE
We examined the interaction of various established risk factors for acute mountain sickness (AMS) in a setting relevant for mountaineering and trekking.


METHODS
Questionnaires were obtained from 827 mountaineers on the day of arrival at the Capanna Margherita (4559 m) and on the next morning. Susceptibility to AMS was assessed by type and frequency of symptoms during previous exposures. AMS was defined as an AMS-C score >/= 0.7 (environmental symptom questionnaire) on the morning after arrival at 4559 m. Preexposure was defined as having spent more than 4 d above 3000 m during the 2 months preceding the climb to the Capanna Margherita. Slow ascent was defined as ascending in more than 3 d. A risk model was developed by multiple logistic regression and prospectively validated on independent data.


RESULTS
In susceptible individuals, the prevalence of AMS was 58% with rapid ascent and no preexposure, 29% with preexposure only, 33% with slow ascent only, and 7% with both preexposure and slow ascent. The corresponding values for nonsusceptible individuals were 31%, 16%, 11%, and 4%. The overall odds ratio for developing AMS in susceptible versus nonsusceptible individuals was 2.9 (95% confidence interval, 2.1-4.1). Age, gender, training, body mass index, alcohol intake, and cigarette smoking had no significant effect in bivariate analyses or in multivariate logistic regressions.


CONCLUSION
Individual susceptibility, rate of ascent, and preexposure are the major, independent determinants for prevalence of AMS.
[Preoperative risk evaluation in beating-heart coronary artery bypass surgery].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
Operative risk stratification scales for use in cardiac surgery have been developed for patients who undergo procedures using extracorporeal circulation. The aims of the present study were to investigate the use of six preoperative risk stratification scales in patients undergoing beating-heart surgery and to identify risk factors for major complications and mortality in our group of patients who underwent revascularization using this approach.


PATIENTS AND METHOD
Between January 1997 and December 2002, we performed 762 coronary artery bypass operations on the beating heart; 61 patients suffered major complications (8%) and 25 died (3.3%). Risk factors for major complications and death were identified using logistic regression analysis of prospectively collected data. The following risk scores were calculated for each patient: Parsonnet 95, Parsonnet 97, Euroscore, Cleveland, Ontario, and French. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the ability of each scale to predict mortality and major complications.


RESULTS
In our patient group, the preoperative variables associated with increased risk were: need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, renal dysfunction, peripheral vasculopathy, and the presence of severe left main coronary artery disease, three-vessel disease, or an impaired ejection fraction.


CONCLUSIONS
Mortality and major complications were best predicted by the Parsonnet 95 and Euroscore scales.
Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz) R. Br ex. Schultes and Morinda pubescens J.E. Smith var. pubescens

Two medicinal plants namely Gymnema sylvestre and Morinda pubescens var. pubescens were screened for potential antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. The antibacterial activity was determined in petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts using disc diffusion method. The chloroform and methanol extract of leaf of Gymnema sylvestre showed highest inhibition against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively; whereas, acetone extract of Morinda pubescens var. pubescens leaf exhibited maximum inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and terpenoids. The results of these studies revealed most valuable information and also support the continued sustainable use of these plants in traditional systems of medicine.
Prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in Japanese hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients.

BACKGROUND
 The prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in Japanese hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients in a large, single-center cohort was investigated.


METHODS AND RESULTS
 A total of 345 HCM patients (mean age, 59±17 years; 214 male) underwent CMR with gadolinium enhancement, and were followed (mean duration, 21.8 months) for cardiovascular events. Patients were divided into event-positive and event-negative groups. The clinical and CMR characteristics were compared between the 2 groups, and predictors of cardiovascular events assessed on multivariate analysis. LGE was positive in 252 patients (73%). The annual cardiovascular events rate was significantly higher in patients with LGE than in those without (6.2%/year vs. 0.6%/year, P=0.003). On multivariate analysis, LGE (hazard ratio [HR], 7.436; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001-55.228, P=0.050), increased myocardial mass index (HR, 1.013; 95% CI: 1.002-1.023, P=0.018), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HR, 0.965; 95% CI: 0.945-0.985, P=0.001), and atrial fibrillation (HR, 2.257; 95% CI: 1.024-4.976, P=0.043) were significantly associated with cardiovascular events.


CONCLUSIONS
 The presence of LGE, increased myocardial mass index, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation were independent predictors of adverse prognosis in Japanese HCM patients.
Running nurse-led secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease in primary care: qualitative study of health professionals' perspectives.

BACKGROUND
A randomised trial of nurse-led secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease resulted in improved secondary prevention and significantly lowered all-cause mortality at 4-year follow-up. This qualitative trial was conducted to explore the experience of health professionals that had been involved in running the clinics.


AIM
To identify the barriers and facilitators to establishing secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease within primary care.


DESIGN OF STUDY
Semi-structured audiotaped telephone interviews with GPs and nurses involved in running clinics.


SETTING
A stratified, random sample of 19 urban, suburban, and rural general practices in north-east Scotland.


METHOD
Semi-structured telephone interviews with 19 GPs and 17 practice-based nurses involved in running nurse-led clinics for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.


RESULTS
Eight practices had run clinics continuously and 11 had stopped, with eight subsequently restarting. Participants accounted for these patterns by referring to advantages and disadvantages of the clinics in four areas: patient care, development of nursing skills, team working, and infrastructure. Most practitioners perceived benefits for patients from attending secondary prevention clinics, but some, from small rural practices, thought they were unnecessary. The extended role for nurses was welcomed, but was dependent on motivated staff, appropriate training and support. Clinics relied on, and could enhance, team working, however, some doctors were wary of delegating. With regard to infrastructure, staff shortages (especially nurses) and accommodation were as problematic as lack of funds.


CONCLUSIONS
Nurse-led secondary prevention clinics were viewed positively by most healthcare professionals that had been involved in running them, but barriers to their implementation had led most to stop running them at some point. Lack of space and staff shortages are likely to remain ongoing problems, but improvements in funding training and communication within practices could help clinics to be put into practice and sustained.
Ultrafast isomerization initiated by X-ray core ionization.

Rapid proton migration is a key process in hydrocarbon photochemistry. Charge migration and subsequent proton motion can mitigate radiation damage when heavier atoms absorb X-rays. If rapid enough, this can improve the fidelity of diffract-before-destroy measurements of biomolecular structure at X-ray-free electron lasers. Here we study X-ray-initiated isomerization of acetylene, a model for proton dynamics in hydrocarbons. Our time-resolved measurements capture the transient motion of protons following X-ray ionization of carbon K-shell electrons. We Coulomb-explode the molecule with a second precisely delayed X-ray pulse and then record all the fragment momenta. These snapshots at different delays are combined into a 'molecular movie' of the evolving molecule, which shows substantial proton redistribution within the first 12 fs. We conclude that significant proton motion occurs on a timescale comparable to the Auger relaxation that refills the K-shell vacancy.
Does schema therapy change schemas and symptoms? A systematic review across mental health disorders

PURPOSE
Schema therapy was first applied to individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) over 20 years ago, and more recent work has suggested efficacy across a range of disorders. The present review aimed to systematically synthesize evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of schema therapy in reducing early maladaptive schema (EMS) and improving symptoms as applied to a range of mental health disorders in adults including BPD, other personality disorders, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder.


METHODS
Studies were identified through electronic searches (EMBASE, PsycINFO, MEDLINE from 1990 to January 2016).


RESULTS
The search produced 835 titles, of which 12 studies were found to meet inclusion criteria. A significant number of studies of schema therapy treatment were excluded as they failed to include a measure of schema change. The Clinical Trial Assessment Measure was used to rate the methodological quality of studies. Schema change and disorder-specific symptom change was found in 11 of the 12 studies.


CONCLUSIONS
Schema therapy has demonstrated initial significant results in terms of reducing EMS and improving symptoms for personality disorders, but formal mediation analytical studies are lacking and rigorous evidence for other mental health disorders is currently sparse.


PRACTITIONER POINTS
First review to investigate whether schema therapy leads to reduced maladaptive schemas and symptoms across mental health disorders. Limited evidence for schema change with schema therapy in borderline personality disorder (BPD), with only three studies conducting correlational analyses. Evidence for schema and symptom change in other mental health disorders is sparse, and so use of schema therapy for disorders other than BPD should be based on service user/patient preference and clinical expertise and/or that the theoretical underpinnings of schema therapy justify the use of it therapeutically. Further work is needed to develop the evidence base for schema therapy for other disorders.
Autonomous Towed Vehicle for Underwater Inspection in a Port Area

This paper discusses an autonomous towed vehicle for underwater inspection in a port area, in which a sea current is so fast and complex. The autonomous towed vehicle has three different navigation modes; towed mode, autonomous mode and kite mode, to assure safe and reliable inspection in such a port area. An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is employed as a towed vehicle to increase autonomy. In towed systems, it is important to monitor a towed force for preventing cable breaks and making use of it more efficiently since a towing cable plays an important role in transmitting electric signals and towing forces. In this paper, we propose a sequence for towed force estimation consisting of different navigation modes and control methods for it. In addition, the navigation control system of the autonomous towed vehicle is briefly described. Simulations to verify the towed force estimation and control methods are carried out and the results are discussed.
Clinical significance of complete conduction block of the left lateral isthmus and its relationship with anatomical variation of the vein of Marshall in patients with nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND
The vein of Marshall (VOM), which exists along the left lateral isthmus (LLI), constitutes a muscular connection between the coronary sinus (CS) and the left atrium (LA). We hypothesized that anatomical variation of the VOM affects the bidirectional block of LLI and the clinical outcome in patients with nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation (NPAF).


METHODS
Among 73 patients with NPAF, 54 patients (47 male, 54.1 +/- 10.4 years old) with a clearly visible VOM (74.0%) were included. After circumferential antral ablation, double linear endocardial ablation of LLI was performed along the VOM. Unless LLI block was achievable by endocardial ablation, the ablation was performed inside the CS.


RESULTS
LLI block was achievable in 35 patients (64.8%; 11.1% by endocardial ablation vs 53.7% by additional inside CS ablation; P < 0.01). In patients with failed LLI block, the VOM was significantly longer (P < 0.05) on the right anterior oblique (RAO) view than in those with successful LLI block. LA volume or LLI length measured by CT image were not different (P = NS). During 11.4 +/- 5.0 months follow-up, early recurrences within 3 months (47.4% vs 28.6%, P = NS) and recurrences after 3 months (10.5% vs 17.7%, P = NS) were not different with or without LLI block.


CONCLUSION
LLI block, which is more difficult to achieve in patients with a longer VOM, was achievable in 65% of patients with NPAF by linear ablation along the VOM and additional inside CS ablation, but did not affect the short-term clinical outcome.