LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A statistical analysis of the interrelationships between disease activity in different systems in systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVES
To develop models for disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to examine the hypothesis that possible subsets exist within the disease, notably renal disease and little else, mucocutaneous and musculoskeletal disease in isolation and more multisystem disease.


METHODS
Four hundred and forty patients with SLE were followed for a period of 10 yr. Socio-demographic data were obtained at the first visit with disease activity being recorded at subsequent visits and damage scores at 6-monthly intervals. Prognostic factors for active disease in each of the mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal and renal systems were examined statistically. The results were then validated using data collected over 5 yr on a further 295 SLE patients from a different centre.


RESULTS
Logistic regression analyses indicated that for all three systems studied a patient known to have an involvement in that system is more likely to present with active disease in that same system than a patient with no known prior involvement. Patients with a higher frequency of clinic visits with active disease in a system are more likely to represent with active disease than those with fewer visits. The results suggest that renal disease is most likely to occur on its own. Associations between activity in the mucocutaneous and musculoskeletal systems support the suggestion that patients with musculoskeletal and mucocutaneous disease alone represent a possible subset of SLE. None of the associations identified were modified by the medication a patient received.


CONCLUSIONS
Previous disease history and involvement of other systems determine a patient's chance of developing further episodes of active disease in SLE.
The architectural change process

Software architecture is recognized as a critical factor for successful products, but few have studied how organizations decide on architectural changes. We study the topic through several case studies. The changes are in all cases changes to the quality attributes of the system, and follow the same general process. We find that architectural changes have aspects of both functional and organizational changes. An architectural change does not only need to be technically sound, but it also needs to be anchored firmly in the organization. This paper describes the general architectural change process, and gives both architects and managers guidelines to balance short-term project goals and long-term organizational goals within this process.
The Effect of Breast Hypertrophy on Patient Posture

BACKGROUND
One of the reasons women with macromastia chose to undergo a breast reduction is to relieve their complaints of back, neck, and shoulder pain. We hypothesized that changes in posture after surgery may be the reason for the pain relief and that patient posture may correlate with symptomatic macromastia and may serve as an objective measure for complaints. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of reduction mammaplasty on the posture of women with macromastia.


METHODS
A prospective controlled study at a university medical center. Forty-two patients that underwent breast reduction were studied before surgery and an average of 4.3 years following surgery. Thirty-seven healthy women served as controls. Standardized lateral photos were taken. The inclination angle of the back was measured. Regression analysis was performed for the inclination angle.


RESULTS
Preoperatively, the mean inclination angle was 1.61 degrees ventrally; this diminished postoperatively to 0.72 degrees ventrally. This change was not significant (P-value=0.104). In the control group that angle was 0.28 degrees dorsally. Univariate regression analysis revealed that the inclination was dependent on body mass index (BMI) and having symptomatic macromastia; on multiple regression it was only dependent on BMI.


CONCLUSIONS
The inclination angle of the back in breast reduction candidates is significantly different from that of controls; however, this difference is small and probably does not account for the symptoms associated with macromastia. Back inclination should not be used as a surrogate "objective" measure for symptomatic macromastia.
Vibration-to-electric energy conversion using a mechanically-varied capacitor

Past research in vibration energy harvesting has focused on the use of variable capacitors, magnets, or piezoelectric materials as the basis of energy transduction. However, few of these studies have explored the detailed circuits required to make the energy harvesting work. In contrast, this thesis develops and demonstrates a circuit to support variable-capacitor-based energy harvesting. The circuit combines a diode-based charge pump with an asynchronous inductive flyback mechanism to return the pumped energy to a central reservoir. A cantilever beam variable capacitor with 650 pF DC capacitance and 347.77 pF zero-to-peak AC capacitance, formed by a 43.56 cm 2 spring steel top plate attached to an aluminum base, drives the experimental charge pump near 1.56 kHz. HSPICE simulation confirms that given a maximum to minimum capacitance ratio larger than 1.65 and realistic models for the transistor and diodes, the circuit can harvest approximately 1 ptW of power. This power level is achieved after optimizing the flyback path to run at approximately 1/4 of the mechanical vibration frequency with a duty ratio of 0.0019. Simulation also shows that unless a source-referenced clock drives the MOSFET, spurious energy injection can occur, which would inflate the circuit's conversion efficiency if the harvester is driven by an external clock. A working vibration energy harvester comprising a time varying capacitor with a capacitance ratio of 3.27 converted sufficient energy to sustain 6 V across a 20 MQ load. This translates to an average power of 1.8 pW. Based on a theoretical harvesting limit of 40.67 pW, the prototype achieved a conversion efficiency of 4.43 %. Additional experiments confirm that the harvester was not sustained by clock energy injection. Finally, the harvester could start up from a reservoir voltage of 89 mV, suggesting that the circuit can be initiated by an attached piezoelectric film. Thesis Supervisor: Jeffrey H. Lang Title: Associate Director, Laboratory for Electronic and Electromagnetic Systems
Hepatic sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown aetiology. Histological evidence of non-caseating granulomas represents the main finding. It affects mostly young people, targeting primary the lung and hilar lymph nodes although liver involvement is often encountered. Hepatic sarcoidosis covers a broad spectrum from asymptomatic hepatic granulomas formation and slightly deranged liver function tests to clinically evident disease with cholestasis or, in advanced cases, cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Other granulomatous diseases (mainly systemic infections like tuberculosis) should be excluded prior to treatment, as longstanding corticosteroid administration is the main stem of therapy. In advanced cases, liver transplantation represents the ultimate therapeutic option.
MUSICAL SOUND TIMBRE: VERBAL DESCRIPTION AND DIMENSIONS

Two approaches to the study of musical sound timbre are described and documented by psychoacoustic experiment examples. The classical bottom-up approach is demonstrated on the study of contexts of violin sounds and pipe organ sounds. Verbal attributes collected during listening tests were used for the interpretation and comparison of resulted perceptual spaces of sounds. The proposed top-down approach is based on the collection of musical experts experiences and opinions going from very common to more specific ones. Here the common perceptual space (perceptual space of verbal attributes) was constructed from nonlistening test of dissimilarity of verbal attributes describing timbre (verbal or soundfree context of stimuli). The verbal interpretation of perceptual spaces of sound contexts and perceptual space of verbal attributes are compared and the hypothesis of the four basic dimensions of timbre is formulated: 1. gloomy — clear, 2. harsh — delicate, 3. full — narrow, 4. noisy — ?.
Quick-and-clean article figures with FigureJ.

We created FigureJ a new ImageJ plugin dedicated to scientific article figures preparation. Building a convincing figure is a demanding task that covers different steps ranging from content acquisition to figure assembly in editing software. Notions of image processing are required when it comes to even simple tasks such as cropping or resizing images and assembling them in a single figure. Scientific images are typically well handled in dedicated software but poorly supported in software used for laying out the final version of a figure for submission to review process.
HyPer : HYbrid OLTP & OLAP High PERformance Database System ∗

The two areas of online transaction processing (OLTP) and online analytical processing (OLAP) present different challenges for database architectures. Currently, customers with high rates of mission-critical transactions have split their data into two separate systems, one database for OLTP and one so-called data warehouse for OLAP. While allowing for decent transaction rates, this separation has many disadvantages including data freshness issues due to the delay caused by only periodically initiating the Extract Transform Load-data staging and excessive resource consumption due to maintaining two separate information systems. We present an efficient hybrid system, called HyPer, that can handle both OLTP and OLAP simultaneously by using hardware-assisted replication mechanisms to maintain consistent snapshots of the transactional data. HyPer is a main-memory database system that guarantees the ACID properties of OLTP transactions and executes OLAP query sessions (multiple queries) on the same, arbitrarily current and consistent snapshot. The utilization of the processor-inherent support for virtual memory management (address transalation, caching, copy on update) yields both at the same time: unprecedented high transaction rates as high as several 100000 per second and ultra-low OLAP query response times of as low as 10 ms – all on a commodity desktop server. Even the creation of a fresh, transaction-consistent snapshot can be achieved in 10 ms.
A Survey and Taxonomy of Graph Sampling

Graph sampling is a technique to pick a subset of vertices and/ or edges from original graph. It has a wide spectrum of applications, e.g. survey hidden population in sociology [54], visualize social graph [29], scale down Internet AS graph [27], graph sparsification [8], etc. In some scenarios, the whole graph is known and the purpose of sampling is to obtain a smaller graph. In other scenarios, the graph is unknown and sampling is regarded as a way to explore the graph. Commonly used techniques are Vertex Sampling, Edge Sampling and Traversal Based Sampling. We provide a taxonomy of different graph sampling objectives and graph sampling approaches. The relations between these approaches are formally argued and a general framework to bridge theoretical analysis and practical implementation is provided. Although being smaller in size, sampled graphs may be similar to original graphs in some way. We are particularly interested in what graph properties are preserved given a sampling procedure. If some properties are preserved, we can estimate them on the sampled graphs, which gives a way to construct efficient estimators. If one algorithm relies on the perserved properties, we can expect that it gives similar output on original and sampled graphs. This leads to a systematic way to accelerate a class of graph algorithms. In this survey, we discuss both classical text-book type properties and some advanced properties. The landscape is tabularized and we see a lot of missing works in this field. Some theoretical studies are collected in this survey and simple extensions are made. Most previous numerical evaluation works come in an ad hoc fashion, i.e. evaluate different type of graphs, different set of properties, and different sampling algorithms. A systematical and neutral evaluation is needed to shed light on further graph sampling studies.
Monitoring exposure to heavy metals among children in Lake Victoria, Kenya: environmental and fish matrix.

This study used hair and nails to biomonitor heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu) from geological source and exposure through regular fish consumption among children in Lake Victoria, Kenya. Concentration of Pb and Cu in water reflected anthropogenic pathways, while Cd and Cr reflected accumulation from the catchment basin. Higher concentration of heavy metals in the nails samples than the hair samples suggested longer term exposure. The estimated intake of Cd and Cr from fish in one site associated with high concentration of the metals from geological source was appreciably above the respective recommended daily allowance, signifying possible health risks to humans. Significant correlations between Pb, Cd and Cu in hair, nails and heavy metals from fish consumed suggested fish consumption as possible pathway of heavy metals in humans. Possible health risks from heavy metals were likely due to consumption of higher quantities of fish and from geological basins.
Electromagnetic Performance of an 18-Slot/10-Pole Fractional-Slot Surface-Mounted Permanent-Magnet Machine

This paper investigates the electromagnetic performance of an 18-slot/10-pole fractional-slot surface-mounted permanent-magnet (SPM) machine and compares its performance with conventional fractional-slot 9-slot/10-pole, 12-slot/10-pole, and integer-slot 30-slot/10-pole SPM machines by 2-D finite-element (FE) analysis (FEA). The winding factors of the 18-slot/10-pole machine are first analyzed, and then its back electromagnetic force, average torque, cogging torque, and torque ripple are investigated. In addition, the influence of stator current excitation on the average torque and torque ripple, the impact of end windings on the average torque, the flux-weakening capability, the fault-tolerant capability, the magnet loss, and the mutual coupling between phases are also studied by 2-D FEA. The results show that the torque ripple can be suppressed in the 18-slot/10-pole SPM machine, whereas the average torque can be improved compared with the 12-slot/10-pole SPM machine. The unbalanced magnetic force in the 9-slot/10-pole SPM machine can be eliminated. Although the flux-weakening and fault-tolerant capabilities are reduced compared with the conventional 9-slot/10-pole and 12-slot/10-pole machine, the mutual coupling between phases can be eliminated. The magnet loss is slightly higher than that of a 30-slot/10-pole machine but significantly lower than those in both 9-slot/10-pole and 12-slot/10-pole machines. Finally, the experimental results are given for validation of theoretical analyses and FE results.
Effect of telehealth on glycaemic control: analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes in the Whole Systems Demonstrator cluster randomised trial

BACKGROUND
The Whole Systems Demonstrator was a large, pragmatic, cluster randomised trial that compared telehealth with usual care among 3,230 patients with long-term conditions in three areas of England. Telehealth involved the regular transmission of physiological information such as blood glucose to health professionals working remotely. We examined whether telehealth led to changes in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) among the subset of patients with type 2 diabetes.


METHODS
The general practice electronic medical record was used as the source of information on HbA1c. Effects on HbA1c were assessed using a repeated measures model that included all HbA1c readings recorded during the 12-month trial period, and adjusted for differences in HbA1c readings recorded before recruitment. Secondary analysis averaged multiple HbA1c readings recorded for each individual during the trial period.


RESULTS
513 of the 3,230 participants were identified as having type 2 diabetes and thus were included in the study. Telehealth was associated with lower HbA1c than usual care during the trial period (difference 0.21% or 2.3 mmol/mol, 95% CI, 0.04% to 0.38%, p = 0.013). Among the 457 patients in the secondary analysis, mean HbA1c showed little change for controls following recruitment, but fell for intervention patients from 8.38% to 8.15% (68 to 66 mmol/mol). A higher proportion of intervention patients than controls had HbA1c below the 7.5% (58 mmol/mol) threshold that was targeted by general practices (30.4% vs. 38.0%). This difference, however, did not quite reach statistical significance (adjusted odds ratio 1.63, 95% CI, 0.99 to 2.68, p = 0.053).


CONCLUSIONS
Telehealth modestly improved glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes over 12 months. The scale of the improvements is consistent with previous meta-analyses, but was relatively modest and seems unlikely to produce significant patient benefit.


TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register ISRCTN43002091.
Skeletal scintigraphy of young patients with low-back pain and a lumbosacral transitional vertebra.

UNLABELLED
Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae can alter the biomechanics of weight transfer at the affected spinal segment. Low-back pain may result. This study assessed what skeletal scintigraphy reveals about stress associated with a lumbosacral transitional vertebra in young patients with low-back pain.


METHODS
The study population included 48 patients (30 male, 18 female; age range, 6-19 y; mean age, 15.7 y) with low-back pain and a lumbosacral transitional vertebra. Skeletal scintigraphy was correlated with plain radiographs in all, CT in 12, and MRI in 11.


RESULTS
High uptake was shown at the articulation between the transverse process of a lumbosacral transitional vertebra and the sacrum in 39 (81%) of the patients. In 23 (59%) of the 39 patients with high uptake, this finding was shown only by SPECT. In 13 (81%) of the 16 for which the high uptake was shown by planar imaging, the anterior projection was more valuable than the posterior projection. In 9 (23%) of the 39 patients with high uptake at the transverse-sacral articulation, the lumbosacral transitional vertebra had not been noted in a radiographic report before skeletal scintigraphy but was identified through reevaluation or repetition of radiographs after skeletal scintigraphy. Radiographs showed sclerosis along the transverse-sacral articulation in only 8 (21%) of the 39 patients with high uptake. Findings indicating stress or motion at the joint were shown by CT in 6 (55%) of 11 and by MRI in 5 (63%) of 8 patients with high uptake at the transverse-sacral articulation who underwent these examinations.


CONCLUSION
Skeletal scintigraphy often indicates stress at the transverse-sacral articulation of young patients with low-back pain and a lumbosacral transitional vertebra. Showing evidence of stress is best accomplished using SPECT. Changes are usually not radiographically evident, but there is a trend for MRI and CT to show findings that imply stress or motion at the articulation. The unique ability of skeletal scintigraphy to provide this physiologic information supports its use in these patients.
Socioeconomic disparities in the mental health of Indigenous children in Western Australia

BACKGROUND
The burden of mental health problems among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children is a major public health problem in Australia. While socioeconomic factors are implicated as important determinants of mental health problems in mainstream populations, their bearing on the mental health of Indigenous Australians remains largely uncharted across all age groups.


METHODS
We examined the relationship between the risk of clinically significant emotional or behavioural difficulties (CSEBD) and a range of socioeconomic measures for 3993 Indigenous children aged 4-17 years in Western Australia, using a representative survey conducted in 2000-02. Analysis was conducted using multivariate logistic regression within a multilevel framework.


RESULTS
Almost one quarter (24%) of Indigenous children were classified as being at high risk of CSEBD. Our findings generally indicate that higher socioeconomic status is associated with a reduced risk of mental health problems in Indigenous children. Housing quality and tenure and neighbourhood-level disadvantage all have a strong direct effect on child mental health. Further, the circumstances of families with Indigenous children (parenting quality, stress, family composition, overcrowding, household mobility, racism and family functioning) emerged as an important explanatory mechanism underpinning the relationship between child mental health and measures of material wellbeing such as carer employment status and family financial circumstances.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results provide incremental evidence of a social gradient in the mental health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Improving the social, economic and psychological conditions of families with Indigenous children has considerable potential to reduce the mental health inequalities within Indigenous populations and, in turn, to close the substantial racial gap in mental health. Interventions that target housing quality, home ownership and neighbourhood-level disadvantage are likely to be particularly beneficial.
Comparing query logs and pseudo-relevance feedbackfor web-search query refinement

Query logs and pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) offer ways in which terms to refine Web searchers' queries can be selected, offered to searchers, and used to improve search effectiveness. In this poster we present a study of these techniques that aims to characterize the degree of similarity between them across a set of test queries, and the same set broken out by query type. The results suggest that: (i) similarity increases with the amount of evidence provided to the PRF algorithm, (ii) similarity is higherwhen titles/snippets are used for PRF than full-text, and (iii) similarity is higher for navigational than informational queries. The findings have implications for the combined usage of query logs and PRF in generating query refinement alternatives.