LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of postnatal care non-utilization among women in Nigeria

Although, there are several programs in place in Nigeria to ensure maternal and child health, maternal and neonatal mortality rates remain high with maternal mortality rates being 576/100,000 and neonatal mortality rates at 37/1000 live births (NDHS, 2013). While there are many studies on the utilization of maternal health services such as antenatal care and skilled delivery at birth, studies on postnatal care are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the factors associated with the non-utilization of postnatal care among mothers in Nigeria using the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2013. For analysis, the postnatal care uptake for 19,418 children born in the 5 years preceding the survey was considered. The dependent variable was a composite variable derived from a list of questions on postnatal care. A multinomial logistic regression model was applied to examine the adjusted and unadjusted determinants of non-utilization of postnatal care. Results from this study showed that 63 % of the mothers of the 19,418 children did not utilize postnatal care services in the period examined. About 42 % of the study population between 25 and 34 years did not utilize postnatal care and 61 % of the women who did not utilize postnatal care had no education. Results from multinomial logistic regression show that antenatal care use, distance, education, place of delivery, region and wealth status are significantly associated with the non-utilization of postnatal care services. This study revealed the low uptake of postnatal care service in Nigeria. To increase mothers’ utilization of postnatal care services and improve maternal and child health in Nigeria, interventions should be targeted at women in remote areas who don’t have access to services and developing mobile clinics. In addition, it is crucial that steps should be taken on educating women. This would have a significant influence on their perceptions about the use of postnatal care services in Nigeria.
A linguistic interpretation of the OCC emotion model for affect sensing from text

Numerous approaches have already been employed to ‘sense’ affective information from text; but none of those ever employed the OCC emotion model, an influential theory of the cognitive and appraisal structure of emotion. The OCC model derives 22 emotion types and two cognitive states as consequences of several cognitive variables. In this chapter, we propose to relate cognitive variables of the emotion model to linguistic components in text, in order to achieve emotion recognition for a much larger set of emotions than handled in comparable approaches. In particular, we provide tailored rules for textural emotion recognition, which are inspired by the rules of the OCC emotion model. Hereby, we clarify how text components can be mapped to specific values of the cognitive variables of the emotion model. The resulting linguistics-based rule set for the OCC emotion types and cognitive states allows us to determine a broad class of emotions conveyed by text.
Optimization of EDM process for multiple performance characteristics using Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most extensively used non-conventional material removal processes. The Taguchi method has been utilized to determine the optimal EDM conditions in several industrial fields. The method, however, was designed to optimize only a single performance characteristic. To remove that limitation, the Grey relational analysis theory has been used to resolve the complicated interrelationships among the multiple performance characteristics. In the present study, we attempted to find the optimal machining conditions under which the micro-hole can be formed to a minimum diameter and a maximum aspect ratio. The Taguchi method was used to determine the relations between machining parameters and process characteristics. It was found that electrode wear and the entrance and exit clearances had a significant effect on the diameter of the micro-hole when the diameter of the electrode was identical. Grey relational analysis was used to determine the optimal machining parameters, among which the input voltage and the capacitance were found to be the most significant. The obtained optimal machining conditions were an input voltage of 60V, a capacitance of 680pF, a resistance of 500Ω, the feed rate of 1.5μm/s and a spindle speed of 1500rpm. Under these conditions, a micro-hole of 40μm average diameter and 10 aspect ratio could be machined.
Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of pentavalent vaccine Quinvaxem in a compact prefilled auto-disabled (cPAD) injection system versus single-dose vials in healthy infants: a phase 3, open-label, randomized, parallel-group, non-inferiority study.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate non-inferiority of three doses of Quinvaxem in a compact prefilled auto-disabled (cPAD) injection system versus Quinvaxem in a single-dose vial administered with conventional syringe in terms of seroconversion/seroprotection rates for all antibodies (anti-hepatitis B (HB), anti-Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribosylribitol phosphate (Hib PRP), anti-diphtheria, anti-tetanus, anti-Bordetella pertussis) at 1 month after primary vaccination.


METHODS
Four hundred healthy infants aged 42-65 days were randomized (1:1) to receive Quinvaxem in cPAD or single-dose vial at 6, 10, and 12 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected before vaccination and at 1 month after the third dose to determine seroconversion/seroprotection rates. Safety was assessed from solicited and unsolicited adverse events and serious adverse events (SAEs).


RESULTS
Of the 400 infants randomized, 395 (98.8%) received all three vaccine doses. In the cPAD vs. single-dose vial groups, seroprotection rates against Hib PRP (both 98.5%), HB (92.9% vs. 93.4%), diphtheria (100% vs. 99%), and tetanus toxoids (both 100%), and seroconversion against B. pertussis (95.4% vs. 97%) were ≥92% at 1 month after the third vaccination (lower limits of 95% confidence intervals simultaneously greater than -10%). Geometric mean concentrations exceeded seroprotection/seroconversion thresholds by large margins. The incidences of induration and erythema were comparable between the groups; tenderness was slightly higher in the cPAD group (85.5% vs. 76.5%). No vaccine-related SAEs occurred.


CONCLUSIONS
Quinvaxem in cPAD was non-inferior to single-dose vial with respect to seroprotection/seroconversion rates for all antibodies. Both presentations were well-tolerated.
Mayaro Virus Infection, Amazon Basin Region, Peru, 2010–2013

During 2010-2013, we recruited 16 persons with confirmed Mayaro virus infection in the Peruvian Amazon to prospectively follow clinical symptoms and serologic response over a 12-month period. Mayaro virus infection caused long-term arthralgia in more than half, similar to reports of other arthritogenic alphaviruses.
Convex incremental extreme learning machine

Unlike the conventional neural network theories and implementations, Huang et al. [Universal approximation using incremental constructive feedforward networks with random hidden nodes, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 17(4) (2006) 879–892] have recently proposed a new theory to show that single-hidden-layer feedforward networks (SLFNs) with randomly generated additive or radial basis function (RBF) hidden nodes (according to any continuous sampling distribution) can work as universal approximators and the resulting incremental extreme learning machine (I-ELM) outperforms many popular learning algorithms. I-ELM randomly generates the hidden nodes and analytically calculates the output weights of SLFNs, however, I-ELM does not recalculate the output weights of all the existing nodes when a new node is added. This paper shows that while retaining the same simplicity, the convergence rate of I-ELM can be further improved by recalculating the output weights of the existing nodes based on a convex optimization method when a new hidden node is randomly added. Furthermore, we show that given a type of piecewise continuous computational hidden nodes (possibly not neural alike nodes), if SLFNs f nðxÞ 1⁄4 Pn i1⁄41 biGðx; ai; biÞ can work as universal approximators with adjustable hidden node parameters, from a function approximation point of view the hidden node parameters of such ‘‘generalized’’ SLFNs (including sigmoid networks, RBF networks, trigonometric networks, threshold networks, fuzzy inference systems, fully complex neural networks, high-order networks, ridge polynomial networks, wavelet networks, etc.) can actually be randomly generated according to any continuous sampling distribution. In theory, the parameters of these SLFNs can be analytically determined by ELM instead of being tuned. r 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Eye movement behaviour across four different types of reading task

Resumo: Um grupo de seis tradutores profissionais e outro de seis estudantes de tradução leram quatro textos jornalísticos sobre o mesmo assunto enquanto tiveram seus movimentos oculares rastreados. Os dois primeiros textos foram lidos com dois propósitos de leitura distintos, quais sejam, (a) para compreensão e (b) para tradução subsequente. Cada um dos outros dois textos foi lido para que houvesse, simultaneamente, (c) uma tradução à prima vista e (d) uma tradução escrita. Observouse que os tradutores profissionais foram mais rápidos que os estudantes. Em ambos os grupos, o tempo de execução da tarefa, a frequência de fixações, o tempo total de olhar (gaze) na tela e a duração média das fixações revelaram uma progressão consistente e linear de uma tarefa para a outra. Na última tarefa, relativa à tradução escrita, constatou-se que a distribuição da atenção visual foi maior no textofonte entre os estudantes e maior no texto-alvo entre os tradutores profissionais.
Urban air pollution and emergency admissions for asthma in four European cities: the APHEA Project.

BACKGROUND
A study was undertaken to assess the combined association between urban air pollution and emergency admissions for asthma during the years 1986-92 in Barcelona, Helsinki, Paris and London.


METHODS
Daily counts were made of asthma admissions and visits to the emergency room in adults (age range 15-64 years) and children (< 15 years). Covariates were short term fluctuations in temperature and humidity, viral epidemics, day of the week effects, and seasonal and secular trends. Estimates from all the cities were obtained for the entire period and separately by warm or cold seasons using Poisson time-series regression models. Combined associations were estimated using meta-analysis techniques.


RESULTS
Daily admissions for asthma in adults increased significantly with increasing ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (relative risk (RR) per 50 micrograms/m3 increase 1.029, 95% CI 1.003 to 1.055) and non-significantly with particles measured as black smoke (RR 1.021, 95% CI 0.985 to 1.059). The association between asthma admissions and ozone (O3) was heterogeneous among cities. In children, daily admissions increased significantly with sulphur dioxide (SO2) (RR 1.075, 95% CI 1.026 to 1.126) and non-significantly with black smoke (RR 1.030, 95% CI 0.979 to 1.084) and NO2, though the latter only in cold seasons (RR 1.080, 95% CI 1.025 to 1.140). No association was observed for O3. The associations between asthma admissions and NO2 in adults and SO2 in children were independent of black smoke.


CONCLUSIONS
The evidence of an association between air pollution at current urban levels and emergency room visits for asthma has been extended to Europe. In addition to particles, NO2 and SO2--by themselves or as a constituent of a pollution mixture--may be important in asthma exacerbations in European cities.
Utility of ultrasound and MRI in prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate transabdominal pelvic ultrasound and MRI for the prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A historical cohort pilot study was performed at our institution to identify women at risk of placenta accreta who had undergone both prenatal ultrasound and MRI. Findings at ultrasound and MRI were compared with the final diagnosis, which was established with clinical findings at delivery and pathologic examination of specimens. Volume measurements were made of low-signal-intensity intraplacental bands on T2-weighted MR images. Risk factors for placental insufficiency were recorded.


RESULTS
Thirteen patients at risk of placenta accreta underwent both sonography and MRI. Nine of these patients had abnormal placentation. With ultrasound, abnormal placentation was correctly identified in six of nine patients (67%) and the absence of accreta in two of four patients (50%). With MRI, abnormal placentation was correctly identified in seven of nine patients (78%) and the absence of accreta in three of four patients (75%). The volumes of low-signal-intensity bands were significantly different in the patients with abnormal placentation and those without placenta accreta (p = 0.047), and band volumes were significantly different among patients with accreta, increta, and percreta (p < 0.0005).


CONCLUSION
The accuracy of MRI may improve if volumes of low-signal-intensity bands are calculated, MRI is performed before 30 weeks' gestation, and risk factors for placental insufficiency are recognized.
VOA-based optical MEMS accelerometer

A novel in-plane double silicon-on-insulator optical MEMS accelerometer based on variable optical attenuator is presented. It is designed for micro-satellite navigation applications and it uses multimode waveguides integrated with MEMS providing a compact and reliable device.
[Formula: see text] Effects of screening for postconcussive syndrome (PCS) on PCS symptom self-report and neuropsychological test performance.

OBJECTIVE
Many non-neurological factors are related to postconcussive syndrome (PCS) symptom report and neuropsychological test performance in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Use of mTBI screening instruments may also contribute to report of PCS symptoms and neuropsychological performance. We examined the impact of randomized PCS screening feedback on PCS symptom report and neuropsychological performance in 152 young adults with no history of mTBI.


METHOD
Participants were 158 undergraduates attending a medium-sized Midwestern university who completed the Postconcussive Syndrome Questionnaire (PCSQ) prior to the study and were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. Participants were either given feedback that they endorsed more symptoms than average, feedback that they endorsed fewer symptoms than average, or neutral information. Participants then completed the PCSQ for a second time as well as the Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test.


RESULTS
Contrary to expectations, participants receiving feedback that they endorsed more symptoms than average did not endorse more PCSQ symptoms post-feedback than participants in other conditions (p = .12); however, consistent with expectations, they demonstrated poorer verbal learning (p = .005) and delayed recall (p = .04) than participants in the below average feedback condition and reported higher rates of retrospective recall of prior mTBI than participants in the neutral condition (p = .01).


CONCLUSION
Results suggest that feedback from screening measures can influence individuals' performance and retrospective recall of their personal TBI history. Findings have implications for use of screening measures for PCS in clinical and research settings.
Do Project Managers’ Leadership Competencies Contribute to Project Success?:

INTRODUCTION I T here are many schools of thought on leadership and according to Dulewicz and Higgs (2005), leadership has been studied more than any other aspect of human behavior. In a literature review on leadership from the early 20th century to the present, Higgs (2003) identified six major schools: trait, behavior, contingency, visionary, emotional intelligence , and competency schools. These " emerging " schools of thought on leadership see leadership as a combination of personal characteristics and areas of competency. In other words, it is the combination of skills and knowledge, such as empowerment and achievement, with personal characteristics , such as intuitiveness, that makes a leader. The more recent emerging schools relevant to this study will now be reviewed. Bass (1985) has had a major influence on leadership theory. He researched different types of organizational change, identified different sets of behavior and characteristics required in times of organizational transformation and times of stability, and produced relevant transactional and transformational leadership styles. Bass and Avolio (1995) developed the multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) to assess leadership competencies and, in a series of studies, showed that transformational leadership has significantly greater impact on the organization than transactional leadership. Turning to personal characteristics, Hogan (2002) saw the personality of leaders as being a determinant of effectiveness as he believed skills are built on personality characteristics. It was this combination of personality and competency that potentially produced different leaders suited to different circumstances: transactional leaders for times of low complexity and transformational leaders in time of increased complexity. This is similar to Bass's (1990) assertion that certain leaders are more suited to stable environments and others more suited to a rapidly changing environment. The combination of personality and competency is unprescribed and very much individual-dependent. Goffee and Jones (2000) captured the essence of this with the statement " being yourself, with skill " (p. 64). To some degree this emerging school of thought on personality and competencies may seem similar to the trait theory—the idea that effective leaders all share the same inherent characteristics. However, competencies can be learned and developed, whereas personality characteristics are more enduring. This idea that personality characteristics and personal competencies predict long-term managerial advancement was formed by Goleman's (1997) paper on competencies, where he defined emotional intelligence (EI) in competency terms. Goleman's (1996) basic proposition is that EI and intellectual aptitude (IQ) are both important for success. Dulewicz …
Presumed prevalence analysis on suspected and highly suspected breast cancer lesions in São Paulo using BIRADS criteria.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE
Breast cancer screening programs are critical for early detection of breast cancer. Early detection is essential for diagnosing, treating and possibly curing breast cancer. Since there are no data on the incidence of breast cancer, nationally or regionally in Brazil, our aim was to assess women by means of mammography, to determine the prevalence of this disease.


DESIGN AND SETTING
The study protocol was designed in collaboration between the Department of Diagnostic Imaging (DDI), Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI) and São Paulo Municipal Health Program.


METHODS
A total of 139,945 Brazilian women were assessed by means of mammography between April 2002 and September 2004. Using the American College of Radiology (ACR) criteria (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, BIRADS), the prevalence of suspected and highly suspected breast lesions were determined.


RESULTS
The prevalence of suspected (BIRADS 4) and highly suspected (BIRADS 5) lesions increased with age, especially after the fourth decade. Accordingly, BIRADS 4 and BIRADS 5 lesions were more prevalent in the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh decades.


CONCLUSION
The presumed prevalence of suspected and highly suspected breast cancer lesions in the population of São Paulo was 0.6% and it is similar to the prevalence of breast cancer observed in other populations.
The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia: a validation study with patients exhibiting early-onset dementia.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate some validity measures of Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) in patients with early-onset dementia (EOD).


DESIGN
Cross-sectional design.


SETTING
Nursing home.


PARTICIPANTS
A sample of 63 inpatients with EOD.


MEASUREMENTS
Participants were assessed for the presence of clinical depression using the Provisional Diagnostic Criteria for Depression in Alzheimer Disease. Caregivers were administered the MADRS and CSDD, and two subscales from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).


RESULTS
Depressed patients had higher scores on 6 of the 10 MADRS items and on 3 of the 19 CSDD items than nondepressed patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a larger area under the curve for MADRS (0.87) than for CSDD (0.76), the difference was significant (p = 0.044). A CSDD optimal cutoff score of "5/6" yielded a sensitivity of 0.833 and a specificity of 0.567. A MADRS cutoff score of "19/20" yielded the highest sum of sensitivity (0.750) and specificity (0.843). A MADRS score of "14/15" with almost the same sum of sensitivity and specificity had a higher sum of sensitivity and a negative predictive value than "19/20." Both scales correlated with the NPI subscales depression/dysphoria (MADRS: rs = 0.70; CSDD: rs = 0.62) and apathy/indifference (MADRS: rs = 0.59; CSDD: rs = 0.50).


CONCLUSION
The MADRS and CSDD performed well in distinguishing depressed from nondepressed EOD patients and showed good congruent validity. The scales may be used to assess depressive symptoms in EOD. The MADRS intensity grades may be used for development or refinement of depression scales in (early onset) dementia.
Towards Semantic Interoperability for Electronic Health Records : Domain Knowledge Governance for open EHR Archetypes

Objectives: In the field of open Electronic Health Records (EHRs), openEHR as an archetype-based approach is being increasingly recognised. It is the objective of this paper to shortly describe this approach, and to analyse how openEHR archetypes impact on health professionals and semantic interoperability. Methods: Analysis of current approaches to EHR systems, terminology and standards developments. In addition to literature reviews, we organised face-to-face and additional telephone interviews and teleconferences with members of relevant organisations and committees. Results: The openEHR archetypes approach enables syntactic interoperability and semantic interpretability-both important prerequisites for semantic interoperability. Archetypes enable the formal definition of clinical content by clinicians. To enable comprehensive semantic interoperability, the development and maintenance of archetypes needs to be coordinated internationally and across health professions. Domain knowledge governance comprises a set of processes that enable the creation, development, organisation, sharing, dissemination, use and continuous maintenance of archetypes. It needs to be supported by information technology. Conclusions: To enable EHRs, semantic interoperability is essential. The openEHR archetypes approach enables syntactic interoperability and semantic interpretability. However, without coordinated archetype development and maintenance, 'rank growth' of archetypes would jeopardize semantic interoperability. We therefore believe that openEHR archetypes and domain knowledge governance together create the knowledge environment required to adopt EHRs.