LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A Hierarchical Statistical Model of Natural Images Explains Tuning Properties in V2.

Previous theoretical and experimental studies have demonstrated tight relationships between natural image statistics and neural representations in V1. In particular, receptive field properties similar to simple and complex cells have been shown to be inferable from sparse coding of natural images. However, whether such a relationship exists in higher areas has not been clarified. To address this question for V2, we trained a sparse coding model that took as input the output of a fixed V1-like model, which was in its turn fed a large variety of natural image patches as input. After the training, the model exhibited response properties that were qualitatively and quantitatively compatible with three major neurophysiological results on macaque V2, as follows: (1) homogeneous and heterogeneous integration of local orientations (Anzai et al., 2007); (2) a wide range of angle selectivities with biased sensitivities to one component orientation (Ito and Komatsu, 2004); and (3) exclusive length and width suppression (Schmid et al., 2014). The reproducibility was stable across variations in several model parameters. Further, a formal classification of the internal representations of the model units offered detailed interpretations of the experimental data, emphasizing that a novel type of model cell that could detect a combination of local orientations converging toward a single spatial point (potentially related to corner-like features) played an important role in reproducing tuning properties compatible with V2. These results are consistent with the idea that V2 uses a sparse code of natural images. Significance statement: Sparse coding theory has successfully explained a number of receptive field properties in V1; but how about in V2? This question has recently become important since a variety of properties distinct from V1 have been discovered in V2, and thus a more integrative understanding is called for. Our study shows that a hierarchical sparse coding model of natural images explains three major response properties known in the macaque V2. We further provide a detailed analysis revealing the roles of different kinds of model cells in explaining the V2-specific properties. Our results thus offer the first sparse coding account for receptive field properties in V2 that has extensive biological relevance.
Cryptic speciation in a benthic isopod from Patagonian and Falkland Island waters and the impact of glaciations on its population structure

The Falkland Islands and Patagonia are traditionally assigned to the Magellan Biogeographic Province. Most marine species in Falkland waters are also reported from southern Patagonia. It remains unclear if relatively immobile, marine benthic, shallow-water species maintain gene flow, and by what mechanism. Recurrent fluctuations in sea level during glacial cycles are regarded as a possible mechanism that might have allowed genetic exchange between the regions. However, the realized genetic exchange between the Falkland Islands and Patagonia has never been estimated. This study analyses the genetic structure of three populations of the marine shallow-water isopod Serolis paradoxa (Fabricius, 1775) from the Falkland Islands and southern Patagonia (central Strait of Magellan and the Atlantic opening) applying seven nuclear microsatellites and a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. Both marker systems report highest genetic diversity for the population from the central Strait of Magellan and lowest for the Falkland Islands. The estimated effective population sizes were large for all populations studied. Significant differentiation was observed among all three populations. The magnitude of differentiation between Patagonia and the Falkland Islands (16S: uncorrected p-distance 2.1%; microsatellites: standardized F'ST > 0.86) was an order of magnitude higher than between populations from within Patagonia. This indicates that there is currently no effective gene flow for nominal S. paradoxa between these two regions and it has been absent for time exceeding the last glacial maximum. We argue that specimens from the Strait of Magellan and the Falkland Islands very likely represent two distinct species that separated in the mid-Pleistocene (about 1 MY BP). The results of this study indicate limited gene flow between distant populations of the brooding isopod Serolis paradoxa. The patterns of genetic diversity suggest that the only recently inundated Strait of Magellan was colonized by different source populations, most likely from Atlantic and Pacific coastal waters. Our results demonstrate that more systematic testing of shared faunal inventory and realized genetic exchange between Patagonia and the Falkland Islands is needed before a consensus concerning the position of the Falkland Islands relative to the Magellan zoogeographic province can be reached.
Seismic Damage Prediction of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Using Pushover Analysis

This paper investigates the seismic damage of a sex storey reinforced concrete frame building designed according to the Moroccan seismic code RPS2000 [1].The building is residential and has a reinforced concrete frame structural system. In the first time a set of dynamic analysis are carried out to compute dynamic properties of the building (fundamental period, natural frequencies, deformation modes,), in the second time a pushover analysis is carried out.Performances levels are used with the pushover analysis to assess the seismic damage of the building. Three performance levels considered in the present study are immediate occupancy, life safety and collapse prevention.
Machine properties preserved under state minimization

Most of the published material concerning "state minimization of incompletely specified machines" has been concerned with finding an algorithm which yields a minimum state machine M' which satisfies [ER, p. 132] a given machine M. A fundamental theorem, in this connection, is given in [PU]. We are concerned here primarily with properties which some or all machines M' inherit from M.
Forces, fluxes and quasi-particles in hot QCD

These lectures start with a brief overview of salient features of the critical region of hot QCD. The main emphasis is on the accurate description of static plasma observables by the well-known hierarchy of reduced actions combined with 3D simulations above T\sim 2T_c. A striking pattern emerges, put in perspective by completing the quasi-particle picture
Accurate mobile robot position determination using unscented Kalman filter

The objective is to accurately determine mobile robots position and orientation by integrating information received from odometry and an inertial sensor. The position and orientation provided by odometry are subject to different types of errors. To improve the odometry, a fiber optic gyroscope is used to give the orientation information that is more reliable. The information from odometry and gyroscope are integrated using unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The position and orientation determined using the UKF is compared with the results from the extended Kalman filter (EKF)
Pernette du Guillet| A woman poet in the male poetic tradition

ii Chapter I. THE BIOGRAPHY OF PERNETTE DU GUILLET; EDITIONS OF THE RYMES 1 Biography of Pernette du Guillet 1 Editions of the Rymes 7 II. THE POETIC TRADITION AND POETRY OF HER TIME 10 Life in Renaissance Lyons: Geographical Situation and Cultural Life 10 The Medieval Tradition: Courtly Love and Rhetorical Tendencies 13 Petrarchism: The Dominant Poetic Tradition of the French Renaissance 24 Platonism . „ 32 The Ecole lyonnaise 38 III. PERNETTE DU GUILLET AT VARIANCE WITH POETIC TRADITION 42 Variations on the Courtly Love Ideal 44 Variations on the Grande Rhetorique and the Marotiques 50 Variations on Petrarchism 52 Variations on Neoplatonism 59 IV. PERNETTE DU GUILLET'S NARRATIVE POINT OF VIEW 70 Narrative Voice 72 The Narrator's Status, Contact and Stance 75 CONCLUSION 87 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 90
Dual-chamber defibrillators reduce clinically significant adverse events compared with single-chamber devices: results from the DATAS (Dual chamber and Atrial Tachyarrhythmias Adverse events Study) trial.

AIMS
This randomized trial evaluated clinically significant adverse events (CSAEs), in patients implanted with dual-chamber (DC) vs. single-chamber (SC) implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). DC-ICD had atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) therapy capabilities. Strict programming recommendations were reinforced.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Patients with conventional SC-ICD indication were randomized to DC-ICD, SC-ICD, or a DC-ICD programmed as an SC-ICD (SC-simulated) and followed for 16 months. Patients in the DC and SC-simulated groups crossed over after 8 months. The primary endpoint was a composite of CSAE: all-cause mortality; invasive intervention; hospitalization (> 24 h) for cardiovascular causes; inappropriate shocks (two or more episodes); and sustained symptomatic AT lasting > 48 h. The outcome variable was a pre-specified score that corrected for clinical severity and follow-up duration. Three hundred and thirty-four patients were analysed (DC-ICD, n = 112; SC-ICD, n = 111; SC-simulated, n = 111). The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.36 +/- 0.13, 69% were in functional class > or = II. CSAE occurred in 65 DC-ICD, 82 SC-ICD, and 84 SC-simulated patients. The outcome variable was 33% lower in the DC-ICD group (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.14-0.67; P = 0.0028). Mortality was 4% in DC, 9% in SC, and 10% in SC-simulated.


CONCLUSION
In patients with a standard SC-ICD indication, DC-ICD was associated with less CSAE when compared with SC-ICD.
History of circumcision, medical conditions, and sexual activity and risk of penile cancer.

BACKGROUND
Epidemiological evidence suggests lack of neonatal circumcision as the strongest risk factor for penile cancer, but the role of sexually transmitted diseases in the etiology of penile cancer has remained unclear.


PURPOSE
To further clarify risk factors for penile cancer, we examined the role of circumcision, personal characteristics and habits (such as smoking), sexually transmitted diseases, past sexual activity, and medical conditions of the penis.


METHODS
A population-based, case-control study was conducted in western Washington state and in the province of British Columbia. We interviewed 110 men with penile cancer diagnosed from January 1979 to July 1990 and 355 control subjects from the general population, frequency matched to case subjects on age and date of diagnosis. Tumor tissue from 67 case subjects was tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Results of blood tests from 69 case subjects and 208 control subjects were available for study. STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT RESULTS: Relative to men circumcised at birth, the risk for penile cancer was 3.2 times greater among men who were never circumcised and 3.0 times greater among men who were circumcised after the neonatal period. For current smokers, the risk was 2.8 times that of men who never smoked. The risk among men reporting a history of genital warts was 5.9 times that of men reporting no such history. Of 67 tumors tested for HPV DNA, 49% were positive; the majority of these positive tumors (70%) were type 16, which has been associated with anogenital carcinoma. Relative risks (RRs) associated with a reported history of penile rash or penile tear were 9.4 and 3.9, respectively. Among men not circumcised at birth, RRs associated with presence of smegma and difficulty in retracting the foreskin were 2.1 and 3.5, respectively. Twenty-eight percent of case subjects, compared with only 10% of control subjects, reported 30 or more sexual partners, and men with HPV-positive tumors were more likely to report a greater number of sexual partners.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the absence of neonatal circumcision and potential resulting complications are associated with penile cancer. Additionally, medical conditions of the penis, sexual activity, infection with HPV, and smoking may increase the risk for penile cancer.


IMPLICATIONS
A larger study would allow examination of interrelationships of circumcision, infection with HPV, and smoking as risk factors.
Secure gated detection scheme for quantum cryptography

Several attacks have been proposed on quantum key distribution systems with gated single-photon detectors. The attacks involve triggering the detectors outside the center of the detector gate, and/or using bright illumination to exploit classical photodiode mode of the detectors. Hence a secure detection scheme requires two features: The detection events must take place in the middle of the gate, and the detector must be single-photon sensitive. Here we present a technique called bitmapped gating, which is an elegant way to force the detections in the middle of the detector gate by coupling detection time and quantum bit error rate. We also discuss how to guarantee single-photon sensitivity by directly measuring detector parameters. Bit-mapped gating also provides a simple way to measure the detector blinding parameter in security proofs for quantum key distribution systems with detector efficiency mismatch, which up until now has remained a theoretical, unmeasurable quantity. Thus if single-photon sensitivity can be guaranteed within the gates, a detection scheme with bit-mapped gating satisfies the assumptions of the current security proofs.
JAIST: Combining multiple features for Answer Selection in Community Question Answering

In this paper, we describe our system for SemEval-2015 Task 3: Answer Selection in Community Question Answering. In this task, the systems are required to identify the good or potentially good answers from the answer thread in Community Question Answering collections. Our system combines 16 features belong to 5 groups to predict answer quality. Our final model achieves the best result in subtask A for English, both in accuracy and F1score.
Traces of intertwiners for quantum groups and difference equations, I

0. Introduction. This paper begins a series of papers whose goal is to establish a representation-theoretic interpretation of the quantum Knizhnik-ZamolodchikovBernard (qKZB) equations and to use this interpretation to study solutions of these equations. It was motivated by the recent work on the qKZB equations in [Fe], [FeTV1], [FeTV2], [MuV], [FeV2]–[FeV5] and by the theory of “quantum conformal blocks” that began with the classical paper [FR].
A parking algorithm for an autonomous vehicle

Practical aspects of a real time auto parking controller are considered. A parking algorithm which can guarantee to find a parking path with any initial positions is proposed. The algorithm is theoretically proved and successfully applied to the OSU-ACT in the DARPA Urban Challenge 2007.
Modernizing the Grid: Challenges and Opportunities for a Sustainable Future

In Addition To Their Age, Particularly in large metropolitan areas, electric power systems throughout the industrialized world face challenges brought on by new technology trends, environmental concerns, evolving weather patterns, a multiplicity of consumer needs, and regulatory requirements. New technology trends include the development of more efficient, reliable, and cost-effective renewable generation and distributed energy resources (DERs), energy storage technologies, and electric vehicles (EVs), along with monitoring, protection, automation, and control devices and communications that offer significant opportunities for realizing a sustainable energy future. The medium- to long-term vision for the electrical grid is to transition away from carbon-based fuels toward increased penetration of renewable DERs and use of energy storage and electric transportation.
oncentrated solar energy applications using Fresnel lenses : A review

Solar energy concentration technology using Fresnel lens is an effective way to make full use of sunlight. This paper makes a review about the recent development of the concentrated solar energy applications using Fresnel lenses. The ongoing research and development involves imaging systems and non-imaging systems. Compared with imaging systems, non-imaging systems have the merits of larger accept angles, higher concentration ratios with less volume and shorter focal length, higher optical efficiency, etc. Concentrated photovoltaics is a major application and the highest solar-to-electric conversion efficiency based on imaging Fresnel lens and non-imaging Fresnel lens are reported as over 30% and 31.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. Moreover, both kinds of systems are widely used in other fields such as hydrogen generation, photo-bio reactors as well as photochemical reactions, surface modification of metallic materials, solar lighting and solar-pumped laser. During the recent two decades, such applications have been built and tested successfully to validate the practicality of Fresnel lens solar concentration systems. Although the present application scale is small, the ongoing research and development works suggest that Fresnel lens solar concentrators, especially non-imaging Fresnel lenses, will bring a breakthrough of commercial solar energy concentration application technology in the near future. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of two systems are also summarized. Crown Copyright © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Lightweight Simulator for Autonomous Driving Motion Planning Development

A good simulation environment will facilitate motion planning algorithm development for urban autonomous driving. The first requirement of such a simulator is to be able to replicate a complex urban environment, including road network, curb, general objects, etc. The second requirement is to simulate a realistic host vehicle, which includes perception, control and vehicle dynamics, to recreate imperfect inputs and non-accurate execution of the planner. The third requirement is to model traffic participants (other on-road vehicles) for microscopic traffic simulation. Intelligent-agent-based techniques are used to allow the traffic participants to interact with the environment and each other. In this paper, we present an open-source lightweight simulation environment, FastSim, which is designed to meet the three requirements above. Keywords–Traffic simulator; Intelligent agent; Motion Planning; Autonomous driving
A question of belonging: race, social fit, and achievement.

Stigmatization can give rise to belonging uncertainty. In this state, people are sensitive to information diagnostic of the quality of their social connections. Two experiments tested how belonging uncertainty undermines the motivation and achievement of people whose group is negatively characterized in academic settings. In Experiment 1, students were led to believe that they might have few friends in an intellectual domain. Whereas White students were unaffected, Black students (stigmatized in academics) displayed a drop in their sense of belonging and potential. In Experiment 2, an intervention that mitigated doubts about social belonging in college raised the academic achievement (e.g., college grades) of Black students but not of White students. Implications for theories of achievement motivation and intervention are discussed.
Trajectories of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms as precursors of borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescent girls.

Little empirical evidence exists regarding the developmental links between childhood psychopathology and borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescence. The current study addresses this gap by examining symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) as potential precursors. ADHD and BPD share clinical features of impulsivity, poor self-regulation, and executive dysfunction, while ODD and BPD share features of anger and interpersonal turmoil. The study is based on annual, longitudinal data from the two oldest cohorts in the Pittsburgh Girls Study (N = 1,233). We used piecewise latent growth curve models of ADHD and ODD scores from age 8 to 10 and 10 to 13 years to examine the prospective associations between dual trajectories of ADHD and ODD symptom severity and later BPD symptoms at age 14 in girls. To examine the specificity of these associations, we also included conduct disorder and depression symptom severity at age 14 as additional outcomes. We found that higher levels of ADHD and ODD scores at age 8 uniquely predicted BPD symptoms at age 14. Additionally, the rate of growth in ADHD scores from age 10 to 13 and the rate of growth in ODD scores from 8 to 10 uniquely predicted higher BPD symptoms at age 14. This study adds to the literature on the early development of BPD by providing the first longitudinal study to examine ADHD and ODD symptom trajectories as specific childhood precursors of BPD symptoms in adolescent girls.
Trophic interactions of Antarctic seals as determined by stable isotope signatures

The diets and trophic interactions among Weddell, crabeater, Ross, and leopard seals in the eastern Ross Sea, Antarctica, were investigated by the use of stable isotope techniques during the 1999–2000 summer seasons. The δ13C and δ15N values in seal serum clearly distinguished the three Antarctic pack-ice seal species at different trophic positions (Weddell>Ross>crabeater). These patterns appeared to reflect a close linkage to their known foraging ecology and diving behaviors, and agreed well with their presumed dietary diversity. The more enriched δ13C and δ15N values in male Weddell seals than those in females suggested differences in foraging preferences between them. Significant differences in δ15N were also found among different age groups of Weddell seals. A strong correlation between the C:N ratios and serum cholesterol was probably due to extremely high cholesterol levels in phocids. Comparisons of isotope data with harbor seals revealed distinct differences between Antarctic phocids and the northern seal species.
Nessie: A Decoupled, Client-Driven Key-Value Store Using RDMA

Key-value storage systems are an integral part of many data centre applications, but as demand increases so does the need for high performance. This has motivated new designs that use Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) to reduce communication overhead. Current RDMA-enabled key-value stores (RKVSes) target workloads involving small values, running on dedicated servers on which no other applications are running. Outside of these domains, however, there may be other RKVS designs that provide better performance. In this paper, we introduce Nessie, an RKVS that is fully client-driven, meaning no server process is involved in servicing requests. Nessie also decouples its index and storage data structures, allowing indices and data to be placed on different servers. This flexibility can decrease the number of network operations required to service a request. These design elements make Nessie well-suited for a different set of workloads than existing RKVSes. Compared to a server-driven RKVS, Nessie more than doubles system throughput when there is CPU contention on the server, improves throughput by 70 percent for PUT -oriented workloads when data value sizes are 128 KB or larger, and reduces power consumption by 18 percent at 80 percent system utilization and 41 percent at 20 percent system utilization compared with idle power consumption.
An Improved Algorithm for Incremental Induction of Decision Trees

This paper presents an algorithm for incremental induction of decision trees that is able to handle both numeric and symbolic variables. In order to handle numeric variables, a new tree revision operator called`slewing' is introduced. Finally, a non-incremental method is given for nding a decision tree based on a direct metric of a candidate tree.