LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The Structure of the Computer Science Knowledge Network

How is our knowledge organized? What research fields in computer science do exist? How are they interconnected? Previous work on knowledge mapping focused on building the map of all of sciences or a particular domain based on ISI published JCR (Journal Citation Report) dataset. Although this dataset covers most of important journals, it lacks of computer science conference and workshop proceedings. That results in an imprecise and incomplete analysis on the map of computer science knowledge. This paper presents an analysis on the computer science knowledge network with the aims to understand its structure and to answer the above questions. Based on the combination of two important digital libraries for computer science (DBLP and CiteSeerX), the knowledge networks are created at venue (journals, conferences and workshops) level and social network analysis is applied to determine clusters of similar venues, interdisciplinary venues and high prestige venues.
Nicotine poisoning in an infant.

Reports to U.S. poison control centers of possible nicotine toxicity tripled from 2012 to 2013.1,2 Although nicotine toxicity is not a new phenomenon, the emergence of electronic cigarettes (“e-cigarettes”) has spawned a market for highly concentrated liquid nicotine. This phenomenon has resulted in unprecedented access to potentially toxic doses of nicotine and other harmful compounds in the home. We report a case of a child who was poisoned by e-cigarette refill liquid (“e-liquid”).
Sleep problems predict comorbid externalizing behaviors and depression in young adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience high rates of sleep problems and are also at increased risk for experiencing comorbid mental health problems. This study provides an initial examination of the 1-year prospective association between sleep problems and comorbid symptoms in youth diagnosed with ADHD. Participants were 81 young adolescents (75 % male) carefully diagnosed with ADHD and their parents. Parents completed measures of their child’s sleep problems and ADHD symptoms, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms, and general externalizing behavior problems at baseline (M age = 12.2) and externalizing behaviors were assessed again 1 year later. Adolescents completed measures of anxiety and depression at both time-points. Medication use was not associated with sleep problems or comorbid psychopathology symptoms. Regression analyses indicated that, above and beyond demographic characteristics, ADHD symptom severity, and initial levels of comorbidity, sleep problems significantly predicted greater ODD symptoms, general externalizing behavior problems, and depressive symptoms 1 year later. Sleep problems were not concurrently or prospectively associated with anxiety. Although this study precludes making causal inferences, it does nonetheless provide initial evidence of sleep problems predicting later comorbid externalizing behaviors and depression symptoms in youth with ADHD. Additional research is needed with larger samples and multiple time-points to further examine the interrelations of sleep problems and comorbidity.
De‐reifying risk

Risk: Analysis, Perception and Management, by the Royal Society Study Group, London: Royal Society, 1992, 201 pages, pb £15.50 Social Theories of Risk, edited by Sheldon Krimsky and Dominic Golding, London/NY: Praeger, 1992, 412 pages, hb £48.50, pb £18.50 Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity, by Ulrich Beck, London: Sage, 1992, 260 pages, hb £35.00, pb £13.00
Type and severity of child abuse and college students' lifetime suicidality.

OBJECTIVE
The present study compared reported histories and severity of child sexual abuse, child physical abuse, and both, in college men and women.


METHOD
Four hundred and eighty-six consenting undergraduates completed measures of suicidality, sexual abuse (SA), and physical abuse (PA). Based on their responses, they were categorized into 12 mutually exclusive groups: no PA/no SA (n = 234), moderate PA/no SA (n = 78), severe PA/no SA (n = 34), no PA/mild SA (n = 21), moderate PA/mild SA (n = 12), severe PA/mild SA (n = 5), no PA/moderate SA (n = 20), moderate PA/moderate SA (n = 15), and severe PA/moderate SA (n = 10).


RESULTS
Participants who reported both severe sexual and severe physical abuse reported more lifetime suicidality than participants who reported either mild sexual and/or physical abuse. Those who reported sexual abuse involving invasive sexual acts such as rape, and physical abuse involving behaviors that resulted in physical injury to the child, were more suicidal than those who reported less severe abuse. In addition, although combined sexual and physical abuse correlated with increased suicidality, unexpectedly, there was no interaction. Finally, women students endorsed more reasons for living than men and about the same level of suicidal ideas and global suicidality, despite a greater likelihood of having been abused.


CONCLUSIONS
The absence of an interaction between sexual and physical abuse suggests that this increased suicidality is additive rather than multiplicative. An implication is that college counseling personnel need to be aware of the suicidal risk of women and men students reporting either sexual or physical abuse.
[Contrast-enhanced sonourethrography versus conventional miction cystourethrography in the assessment of the urethra: preliminary study].

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is the first choice imaging modality for assessing the urethra, but this technique exposes patients to ionizing radiation. Cystosonography with echocontrast (CS) has proved to be a reliable technique to detect and grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) without exposing patients to ionizing radiation, but its capacity to adequately study the urethra has yet to be demonstrate in large series of patients. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the reliability of contrast-enhanced CS for assessing the urethra by comparing the results with those of the VCUG.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
108 patients were studied with ultrasound (US) using a galactose-based contrast agent. This exam was always followed by VCUG. Basal and voiding urethral US studies were performed with. Patients were studied in supine decubitus position. Girls were examined by longitudinal translabial approach, with the probe (a 7.5 MHz liner array transducer) positioned longitudinally at the introitus, to evaluate the bladder neck and urethra. In boys the transducer was initially placed longitudinally in the escrotum at ventral root of the penis to assess the bladder neck and proximal bulbar urethra, and then displaced distally toward the penile urethra. On basal study the echogenic urethral mucosa and the collapsed sonolucent urethral lumen were indentified and measured when distended. The patients were asked to void with the probe in place. During voiding attention was focused on elasticity and distention of urethral walls, as well as in the caliber of the entire urethra. Patients unable to void during either CS or VCUG were excluded.


RESULTS
The bladder neck and the entire urethra were well demonstrate with CS. All females and 43 males showed a normal urethra both in CS and VCUG. Four patients were dignoses of posterior urethral valves (PUV) with CS and confirmed at VCUG, one patient had anterior urethral valves and 5 showed urethral stenosis at both techniques. Three patients with a vesicosphincteric dysinergia, 14 with resected PUV and one with a resected syringocele were adequately evaluated. Twelve girls showed vaginal reflux. The information provided by CS was equivalent to the VCUG in all patients but two with a syringocele (only seen on VCUG).


CONCLUSIONS
CS is a reliable imaging modality sufficiently sensitive and specific to study the urethra, adding dynamic information to VCUG and can be used as a complement to VCUG.
A feasibility study of crowdsourcing and google street view to determine sidewalk accessibility

We explore the feasibility of using crowd workers from Amazon Mechanical Turk to identify and rank sidewalk accessibility issues from a manually curated database of 100 Google Street View images. We examine the effect of three different interactive labeling interfaces (Point, Rectangle, and Outline) on task accuracy and duration. We close the paper by discussing limitations and opportunities for future work.
Optically Tunable Frequency-Multiplying Optoelectronic Oscillator

An optically tunable frequency-multiplying optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) incorporating a tunable microwave photonic bandpass filter is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The microwave photonic filter is implemented employing a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating, a polarization modulator, and a phase modulator. The frequency tuning is realized by changing the wavelength of the light wave to the OEO loop. The frequency-doubling and frequency-quadrupling operations with large frequency tunability are experimentally demonstrated. The phase noise performance of the generated microwave signals is also investigated.
Solving multiobjective, multiconstraint knapsack problems using mathematical programming and evolutionary algorithms

0377-2217/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2009.06.024 * Corresponding author. E-mail address: mavrotas@chemeng.ntua.gr (G. M URL: http://liee.ntua.gr/gm (G. Mavrotas). In this paper, we solve instances of the multiobjective multiconstraint (or multidimensional) knapsack problem (MOMCKP) from the literature, with three objective functions and three constraints. We use exact as well as approximate algorithms. The exact algorithm is a properly modified version of the multicriteria branch and bound (MCBB) algorithm, which is further customized by suitable heuristics. Three branching heuristics and a more general purpose composite branching and construction heuristic are devised. Comparison is made to the published results from another exact algorithm, the adaptive e-constraint method [Laumanns, M., Thiele, L., Zitzler, E., 2006. An efficient, adaptive parameter variation scheme for Metaheuristics based on the epsilon-constraint method. European Journal of Operational Research 169, 932–942], using the same data sets. Furthermore, the same problems are solved using standard multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEA), namely, the SPEA2 and the NSGAII. The results from the exact case show that the branching heuristics greatly improve the performance of the MCBB algorithm, which becomes faster than the adaptive e -constraint. Regarding the performance of the MOEA algorithms in the specific problems, SPEA2 outperforms NSGAII in the degree of approximation of the Pareto front, as measured by the coverage metric (especially for the largest instance). 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Герменевтическая антропология П. Рикера: этапы становления философии

The formation and main issues of Ricoeur’s philosophical anthropology in the context of the philosophy of the subject, the contemporary French philosophy and hermeneutics is considered. The three periods in the formation of Ricoeur’s philosophy are analyzed. The new reflexive philosophy transformed in the hermeneutic.
Arabic translation, adaptation and modification of the dialysis symptom index for chronic kidney disease stages four and five

BACKGROUND
Symptom burden in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is poorly understood. To date, the majority of research focuses on single symptoms and there is a lack of suitable multidimensional symptom measures. The purpose of this study was to modify, translate, cross-culturally adapt and psychometrically analyse the Dialysis Symptom Index (DSI).


METHODS
The study methods involved four phases: modification, translation, pilot-testing with a bilingual non-CKD sample and then psychometric testing with the target population. Content validity was assessed using an expert panel. Inter-rater agreement, test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were calculated to demonstrate reliability of the modified DSI. Discriminative and convergent validity were assessed to demonstrate construct validity.


RESULTS
Content validity index during translation was 0.98. In the pilot study with 25 bilingual students a moderate to perfect agreement (Kappa statistic = 0.60-1.00) was found between English and Arabic versions of the modified DSI. The main study recruited 433 patients CKD with stages 4 and 5. The modified DSI was able to discriminate between non-dialysis and dialysis groups (p < 0.001) and demonstrated convergent validity with domains of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life short form. Excellent test-retest and internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.91) reliability were also demonstrated.


CONCLUSION
The Arabic version of the modified DSI demonstrated good psychometric properties, measures the multidimensional nature of symptoms and can be used to assess symptom burden at different stages of CKD. The modified instrument, renamed the CKD Symptom Burden Index (CKD-SBI), should encourage greater clinical and research attention to symptom burden in CKD.
R-FCN: Object Detection via Region-based Fully Convolutional Networks

We present region-based, fully convolutional networks for accurate and efficient object detection. In contrast to previous region-based detectors such as Fast/Faster R-CNN [6, 18] that apply a costly per-region subnetwork hundreds of times, our region-based detector is fully convolutional with almost all computation shared on the entire image. To achieve this goal, we propose position-sensitive score maps to address a dilemma between translation-invariance in image classification and translation-variance in object detection. Our method can thus naturally adopt fully convolutional image classifier backbones, such as the latest Residual Networks (ResNets) [9], for object detection. We show competitive results on the PASCAL VOC datasets (e.g., 83.6% mAP on the 2007 set) with the 101-layer ResNet. Meanwhile, our result is achieved at a test-time speed of 170ms per image, 2.5-20× faster than the Faster R-CNN counterpart. Code is made publicly available at: https://github.com/daijifeng001/r-fcn.
Addressing the Energy Crisis in Mobile Computing With Developing Power Aware Software: University

Reducing program power consumption by resource restricted devices has recently become a very active research area.The driving force behind this interest is the wide-spread popularity of portable computers, handheld devices, and cell phones.Consequently, there is an accelerating demand for increased battery life in mobile devices. One way in which we can increase battery life is to improve battery technology and to produce devices that consume less power. Alternately, we can take a software-based approach. For example, many devices and hardware components are designed with multiple levels of operating power. Application management software (compilers, runtime, and operating systems) can adjust these levels using static and dynamic techniques to reduce program power consumption. Alternately, such systems can select to off-load computation from mobile devices to more capable, wall-powered computers. Our focus is on software-based techniques for reducing program power consumption. In this paper, we first articulate the problem and describe the state-of-the-art in energy-aware hardware features that can be exploited by software systems. We then present existing techniques that consider static and dynamic information to guide selection of device power levels. We then examine methods for partitioning computation between a battery-powered device and a wall-powered server at the method, task, and program level. Finally, we describe our current research that incorporates and extends these prior works.
Cerebral oxygenation in mechanically ventilated early cardiac arrest survivors: The impact of hypercapnia.

BACKGROUND
Optimal cerebral oxygenation is considered fundamental to cerebral protection in cardiac arrest (CA) patients. Hypercapnia increases cerebral blood flow and may also improve cerebral oxygenation. It is uncertain, however, whether this effect occurs in mechanically ventilated early survivors of CA.


METHODS
We enrolled mechanically ventilated resuscitated patients within 36h of their cardiac arrest. We performed a prospective double cross-over physiological study comparing the impact of normocapnia (PaCO2 35-45mmHg) vs. mild hypercapnia (PaCO2 45-55mmHg) on regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (SctO2) assessed by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).


RESULTS
We studied seven adult CA patients with a median time to return of spontaneous circulation of 28min at a median of 26h and 30min after CA. During normocapnia (median EtCO2 of 32mmHg [30-41mmHg] and PaCO2 of 37mmHg [32-45mmHg]) the median NIRS-derived left frontal SctO2 was 61% [52-65%] and the right frontal SctO2 was 61% [54-68%]. However, during mild hypercapnia (median EtCO2 of 49mmHg [40-57mmHg] and PaCO2 of 52mmHg [43-55mmHg) the median left frontal SctO2 increased to 69% [59-78%] and the right frontal SctO2 increased to 73% [61-76%])(p=0.001, for all comparisons).


CONCLUSION
During the early post-resuscitation period, in mechanically ventilated CA patients, mild hypercapnia increases cerebral oxygenation as assessed by NIRS. Further investigations of the effect of prolonged mild hypercapnia on cerebral oxygenation and patient outcomes appear justified.
The callosal angle measured on MRI as a predictor of outcome in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus.

OBJECT
Different neuroimaging biomarkers have been studied to find a tool for prediction of response to CSF shunting in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The callosal angle (CA) has been described as useful in discriminating iNPH from ventricular dilation secondary to atrophy. However, the usefulness of the CA as a prognostic tool for the selection of shunt candidates among patients with iNPH is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the CA in shunt responders with that in nonresponders and clarify whether the CA can serve as a predictor of the outcome.


METHODS
Preoperative MRI brain scans were evaluated in 109 patients who had undergone shunt surgery for iNPH during 2006-2010. Multiplanar reconstruction was performed interactively to obtain a coronal image through the posterior commissure, perpendicular to the anterior-posterior commissure plane. The CA was measured as the angle between the lateral ventricles on the coronal image. The patients were examined clinically before surgery and at 12 months postoperatively.


RESULTS
Shunt responders had a significantly smaller mean preoperative CA compared with nonresponders: 59° (95% CI 56°-63°) versus 68° (95% CI 61°-75°) (p < 0.05). A CA cutoff value of 63° showed the best prognostic accuracy.


CONCLUSIONS
The preoperative CA is smaller in patients whose condition improves after shunt surgery and may be a useful tool in the selection of shunt candidates among patients with iNPH.
Metamorphic rocks of the mantle

In certain unusual geological environments rocks derived from the Earth’s mantle are found at the surface. They have come there in one of two ways, either by tectonic movements or by volcanic eruption. Many mantle rocks coming to the surface in either way can be recognized as metamorphic by their textures.
Realising the potential of the family history in risk assessment and primary prevention of coronary heart disease in primary care: ADDFAM study protocol

BACKGROUND
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the developed world, and its prevention a core activity in current UK general practice. Currently, family history is not systematically integrated into cardiovascular risk assessment in the UK, Europe or the US. Further, primary health care professionals' lack the confidence to interpret family history information and there is a low level of recording of family history information in General Practice (GP) records. Primary prevention of CHD through lifestyle advice has sometimes yielded modest results although, for example, behavioural interventions targeted at "at risk" patients have produced encouraging findings. A family history approach, targeted at those requesting CHD assessment, could motivate lifestyle change. The project will assess the clinical value of incorporating systematic family history information into CHD risk assessment in primary care, from the perspective of the users of this service, the health care practitioners providing this service, and the National Health Service.


METHODS/DESIGN
The study will include three distinct phases: (1) cross-sectional survey to ascertain baseline information on current recording of family information; (2) through an exploratory matched-pair cluster randomised study, with nested qualitative semi-structured interview and focus group study, to assess the impact of systematic family history recording on participants' and primary care professionals' experience; (3) develop an economic model of the costs and benefits of incorporating family history into CHD risk assessment.


DISCUSSION
On completion of the project, users and primary care practitioners will be more informed of the value and utility of including family history in CHD risk assessment. Further, this approach will also act as a model of how familial risk information can be integrated within mainstream primary care preventive services for common chronic diseases.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN17943542.
A fault diagnosis method for HVAC Air Handling Units considering fault propagation

As a major component of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems (HVACs), an Air Handling Unit (AHU) is used to condition and circulate air to rooms to satisfy human comfort requirements. In an AHU, cooling coil and supply air fan are two key components, where a cooling coil reduces air temperature and a fan delivers air to rooms. The fan and the cooling coil are interconnected, and a fault in one component may cause faults in the other. To save energy and satisfy human comfort requirements, diagnosing faults of the fan and the cooling coil is critical. In this paper, a method based on Coupled Hidden Markov Models (CHMMs) and Statistical Process Control (SPC) is developed to consider dependent component states and state transitions. Three major difficulties are overcome: (1) couplings among components are captured by the CHMM, and properties of CHMM states are considered to obtain reasonable distribution assumptions of state estimates; (2) a new initialization scheme based on both physical knowledge and observations is developed to identify appropriate initial values for CHMM parameters to avoid trapping at local optimums; and (3) coupling among components are also captured in SPC by considering Markov properties of state transitions to detect dependent faults. Experimental results show that the method can accurately diagnose faults with a low false alarm rate.