LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Impact Of Mobile Phone Usage On Academic Performance Among Secondary School Students In Taraba State , Nigeria

This study employed survey design in investigating the influence of mobile phone usage on academic performance among secondary school student in Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria. The sample for the study was 300 respondents selected from the total population of 6,482 respondents. Stratified sampling technique was employed to select the sample. The Mobile Phone Usage Questionnaire (MPUQ) adapted from Twum (2011), Mathematic Achievement Test (MAT) and English Language Achievement test (ELAT), were the instrument used for this study. Data collected were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA to answer the research questions and hypotheses. The finding of this study, revealed that mobile phone usage significantly influence academic performance among male and female senior secondary school students (t = 6.113, P = 0.02), age difference was not a significant factor in mobile phone usage on academic performance among senior secondary school students (f = 6.431, P = 0.022), parent’s occupation was not a significant factor in mobile phone usage on academic performance among senior secondary school students (f = 9.005, p= 0.031) and that the frequency of mobile phone usage does not significantly influence academic performance among male and female senior secondary school students (t = 8.131, p = 0.02). It was recommended that, School psychologists, teachers, school administrators, parents and students should be sensitized on the influence of mobile phone usage on academic performance among secondary school students irrespective of gender and age differences. European Scientific Journal January 2016 edition vol.12, No.1 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e ISSN 18577431 467
In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activity of Root Extracts of Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy (Agavaceae)

Introduction. Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy (Agavaceae) is a perennial plant widely distributed in tropical Africa. Preparations of the plant are commonly used across Nigeria for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Based on the fact that herbal medicine is a strong component of integrative medicine, this study was conducted to evaluate the anticancer activity of root extracts of Sansevieria liberica. Methods. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) in vitro cytotoxicity assay, Sarcoma-180 (S-180) ascites and solid tumor, and L1210 lymphoid leukemia in vivo models were used in this study. Results. SL-A002 (IC50 23 µg/mL with HeLa), SL-A003 (IC50 22 µg/mL with HCT-116), and SL-A004 (IC50 23 and 18 µg/mL with A549 and THP-1, resp.) demonstrated significant activity in the SRB cytotoxicity assay. Potency was highest with the following pairs of extract : cancer cell line: SL-A002 : HeLa (IC50 23 µg/mL), SL-A003 : HCT-116 (IC50 22 µg/mL), and SL-A004 : THP-1 (IC50 18 µg/mL). SL-A002 demonstrated significant dose-dependent antitumor activity in the Sarcoma-180 (S-180) ascites model with peak effect produced at the dose of 120 mg/kg (i.p.) with inhibition of 89.36% compared to 97.96% for 5-FU (20 mg/kg i.p.). The inhibition of tumor growth by SL-A002 in the S-180 solid tumor model was 47.40% compared to a value of 50.18% for 5-FU. SL-A002 was also significantly active in the L1210 lymphoid leukemia model with 158.33% increase in mean survival time, the same value for 5-FU. Conclusions. The hydroethanolic extract of Sansevieria liberica, SL-A002, possesses significant anticancer activity to warrant further extensive study to identify, isolate, and characterize the specific bioactive molecules responsible for the observed antitumor activity and the precise mechanism(s) of action.
Varieties of male circumcision: a study from Kenya.

BACKGROUND
Because male circumcision has been linked to a lower risk of HIV infection, it is advocated tentatively as a possible preventive intervention. Most studies, however, have relied on men's self-reports of their circumcision status.


GOAL
To document varied techniques of male circumcision in one area of Kenya and the visible results.


STUDY DESIGN
Researchers interviewed men who had performed or undergone various forms of circumcision. They also did genital observations on a subsample of respondents.


RESULTS
All the men reported undergoing circumcision during adolescence, and most were able to tell which technique was used. According to the circumcisers, in type A, approximately 4 cm of the prepuce is removed; in type B, 1 to 2 cm of the prepuce and some of its inner surface are removed. Types A and B result in the same genital appearance. In type C, 1 to 2 cm of the prepuce and some of the inner surface are removed. The remaining prepuce is slit and suspended below the penile shaft.


CONCLUSIONS
Asking a man "Are you circumcised?" is not sufficient. Classifying his circumcision status requires both a genital examination and an understanding of the precise local surgical techniques used. Even in a small geographic area, considerable variety may exist in the techniques of cutting, removing, altering, or leaving different portions of the foreskin. Each variation may affect the transmission of HIV and other infections.
Randomised clinical trial: macrogol/PEG 3350+electrolytes versus prucalopride in the treatment of chronic constipation -- a comparison in a controlled environment.

BACKGROUND
Constipation is a common condition for which PEG 3350 is an established treatment and prucalopride has recently been approved for this indication.


AIM
To compare the efficacy, safety and impact on quality of life (QoL) of PEG 3350 plus electrolytes (PEG 3350+E) vs. prucalopride in females with chronic constipation (CC) in whom laxatives have previously failed to provide adequate relief.


METHODS
In this single-centre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy study, patients with CC [<3 spontaneous complete bowel movements (SCBM)/week] remained in a controlled environment and received either a 26 g split dose of PEG 3350+E (N = 120) or 1-2 mg prucalopride (N = 120) daily for 28 days following a 14-day run-in period. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients having ≥3 SCBMs during the last treatment week.


RESULTS
Non-inferiority of PEG 3350+E to prucalopride was demonstrated in the per-protocol population [difference, 10.1% (66.67% vs. 56.52%), 97.5% lower confidence interval (CI) -2.7%, above the preset margin of -20%] and approached superiority in the modified intent-to-treat population (difference, 9.8%, 97.5% lower CI, -3.1%). Statistically significant differences in favour of PEG 3350+E were observed for most secondary variables (bowel movements, stool weight, consistency, time to next SCBM, patient perception of straining and completeness of defecation). Colonic transit time was dramatically reduced in both arms. Both treatments were well tolerated.


CONCLUSION
PEG 3350+E was at least as effective as and generally better tolerated than prucalopride as a treatment for chronic constipation in this study population (NCT01251822; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Can Positive Employees Help Positive Organizational Change? Impact of Psychological Capital and Emotions on Relevant Attitudes and Behaviors

Although much attention has been devoted to understanding employee resistance to change, relatively little research examines the impact that positive employees can have on organizational change. To help fill this need, the authors investigate whether a process of employees’ positivity will have an impact on relevant attitudes and behaviors. Specifically, this study surveyed 132 employees from a broad cross-section of organizations and jobs and found: (a) Their psychological capital (a core factor consisting of hope, efficacy, optimism, and resilience) was related to their positive emotions that in turn were related to their attitudes (engagement and cynicism) and behaviors (organizational citizenship and deviance) relevant to organizational change; (b) mindfulness (i.e., heightened awareness) interacted with psychological capital in predicting positive emotions; and (c) positive emotions generally mediated the relationship between psychological capital and the attitudes and behaviors. The implications these findings have for positive organizational change conclude the article.
A face(book) in the crowd: social Searching vs. social browsing

Large numbers of college students have become avid Facebook users in a short period of time. In this paper, we explore whether these students are using Facebook to find new people in their offline communities or to learn more about people they initially meet offline. Our data suggest that users are largely employing Facebook to learn more about people they meet offline, and are less likely to use the site to initiate new connections.
Dissociating cognitive from affective theory of mind: A TMS study

INTRODUCTION
"Theory of Mind" (ToM), i.e., the ability to infer other persons' mental states, is a key function of social cognition. It is increasingly recognized to form a multidimensional construct. One differentiation that has been proposed is that between cognitive and affective ToM, whose neural correlates remain to be identified. We aimed to ascertain the possible role of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for cognitive ToM as opposed to affective ToM processes.


METHODS
1Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was used to interfere offline with cortical function of the right DLPFC in healthy male subjects who subsequently had to perform a computerized task assessing cognitive and affective ToM.


RESULTS
RTMS over the right DLPFC induced a selective effect on cognitive but not affective ToM. More specifically, a significant acceleration of reaction times in cognitive ToM compared to affective ToM and control items was observed in the experimental (right DLPFC) compared to the control (vertex) rTMS stimulation condition.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide evidence for the functional independence of cognitive from affective ToM. Furthermore, they point to an important role of the right DLPFC within neural networks mediating cognitive ToM. Possible underlying mechanisms of the acceleration of cognitive ToM processing under rTMS are discussed.
Design of high speed fish-like robot ‘Ichthus V5.7’

Until a recent date, bio-inspired robotics has been very challenging issue on robotics area. Among these categories, fish-like underwater robots have been lively investigated, expecting some advantages from mimicking real fish's great maneuverability and high energy efficiency. On the other hand, there are still diverse problems regarding operation of the robotic fish in the real environment such as in the river or ocean for detecting water pollution. In order to use the robot in the real environment, the robot has to have relatively fast speed to overcome the flow rate of the river. In this paper, we mainly describe development of a robotic fish which can provide faster swimming performance than our previous development. The robotic fish `Ichthus V5.7' has a 3-DOF serial link-mechanism for its propulsion, 1-DOF for up and down motion with its pectoral fins. Several sensors to navigate autonomously in the real environment like river are embedded. The developed robotic system can be used as an environmental monitoring system for monitoring pollution or quality of river with higher speed.
Motivating Multi-Generational Crowd Workers in Social-Purpose Work

Crowdsourcing for social goals (e.g., supporting public libraries or people with disabilities) is a promising area. However, little is known about how to develop active worker communities for such goals. First, we need reliable metrics for the workers' motivation. Second, the characteristics of senior crowd workers have rarely been studied, even though they often play a primary role in social-purpose work. This work introduces a four-quadrant worker motivation model for social-purpose crowdsourcing and describes a system based on that model. Then we investigate the outcomes from the system's operations for six months, which involved both young and senior workers, seeking better ways to build an active community of crowd workers. We analyzed the workers' activities based on the system logs, conducted a survey, assessed the correlations between the subjective values and actual behaviors, and then discuss the implications.
Chinese Spoken Document Summarization Using Probabilistic Latent Topical Information

The purpose of extractive summarization is to automatically select a number of indicative sentences, passages, or paragraphs from the original document according to a target summarization ratio and then sequence them to form a concise summary. In the paper, we proposed the use of probabilistic latent topical information for extractive summarization of spoken documents. Various kinds of modeling structures and learning approaches were extensively investigated. In addition, the summarization capabilities were verified by comparison with the conventional vector space model and latent semantic indexing model, as well as the HMM model. The experiments were performed on the Chinese broadcast news collected in Taiwan. Noticeable performance gains were obtained
Shakespeare, Computers, and the Mystery of Authorship

1. Introduction Hugh Craig and Arthur F. Kinney 2. Methods Hugh Craig and Arthur F. Kinney 3. The three parts of Henry VI Hugh Craig 4. Authoring Arden of Faversham Arthur F. Kinney 5. Edmond Ironside and the question of Shakespearean authorship Philip Palmer 6. The authorship of The Raigne of Edward the Third Timothy Irish Watt 7. The authorship of the Hand-D addition to The Book of Sir Thomas More Timothy Irish Watt 8. The 1602 additions to The Spanish Tragedy Hugh Craig 9. Transforming King Lear Arthur F. Kinney Conclusion Arthur F. Kinney Appendix A. Plays in the corpus Appendix B. A list of 200 function words Glossary.
Moving from Andragogy to Heutagogy in Vocational Education.

Education has traditionally been seen as a pedagogic relationship between teacher and learner. Although andragogy has provided many useful approaches for improving educational methodology and has been accepted almost universally, it still has connotations of a teacher-learner relationship. Some have argued that the rapid rate of change in society and the so-called information explosion suggests that educators, including those in Australia's vocational education and training (VET) sector, should now be looking at educational approaches where learners themselves determine what and how learning should occur. Heutagogy, which is the study of self-determined learning, may be viewed as a natural progression from earlier educational methodologies and may well provide the optimal approach to learning in the 21st century. The Public Sector Executive Management Program at Southern Cross University, which is a postgraduate course to train students to work as troubleshooters, problem solvers, and general consultants in charge of improvement, illustrates the use of a heutagogical approach. Heutagogical approaches to VET recognize the critical importance of learners in all aspects of the learning process. Educators must help learners remember how to learn, develop confidence in their perceptions, and learn to question their interpretation of reality within a framework of competence. (Contains 20 references.) (MN) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Moving from andragogy to heutagogy in vocational education Wing Commander Chris Kenyon RAAF Stewart Hase Southern Cross University PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Use of sildenafil for safe improvement of erectile function and quality of life in men with New York Heart Association classes II and III congestive heart failure: a prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial.

BACKGROUND
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and is often associated with symptoms of depression. Although sildenafil citrate, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, is effective in treating ED, its use is considered a relative contraindication in CHF. We hypothesized that sildenafil is a safe and effective treatment for ED in patients with New York Heart Association classes II and III CHF and that treatment of ED will improve symptoms of depression and enhance perceived of quality of life.


METHODS
We studied 35 patients in a prospective, placebo-controlled, crossover trial for 12 weeks. Inclusion required a history of chronic ED and absence of ischemia (negative results from exercise stress test or nuclear perfusion scan) or nitrate use. The tolerability of sildenafil citrate was established by monitoring the ambulatory blood pressure for 4 hours after a single 50-mg dose. Improvement in ED, the primary end point, was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function survey. The effect of improved erectile function on quality of life and mood was assessed using the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Index, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale.


RESULTS
Sildenafil caused a mean +/- SEM asymptomatic decrease in blood pressure of 6 +/- 3 mm Hg, and no patient experienced symptomatic hypotension or other significant adverse effects. Sildenafil improved the International Index for Erectile Function (P<.001) and both sets of depression scores. The Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire index also improved with sildenafil (P =.02).


CONCLUSION
Sildenafil is a safe and effective treatment for ED in men with New York Heart Association classes II and III CHF and provides relief of depressive symptoms, explaining an improvement in the perception of quality of life.
Underwater acoustic sensor networks: research challenges

Underwater sensor nodes will find applications in oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, assisted navigation and tactical surveillance applications. Moreover, unmanned or autonomous underwater vehicles (UUVs, AUVs), equipped with sensors, will enable the exploration of natural undersea resources and gathering of scientific data in collaborative monitoring missions. Underwater acoustic networking is the enabling technology for these applications. Underwater networks consist of a variable number of sensors and vehicles that are deployed to perform collaborative monitoring tasks over a given area. In this paper, several fundamental key aspects of underwater acoustic communications are investigated. Different architectures for two-dimensional and three-dimensional underwater sensor networks are discussed, and the characteristics of the underwater channel are detailed. The main challenges for the development of efficient networking solutions posed by the underwater environment are detailed and a cross-layer approach to the integration of all communication functionalities is suggested. Furthermore, open research issues are discussed and possible solution approaches are outlined. 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Evaluation of an early risk screener for PTSD in preschool children after accidental injury.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness and most powerful selection of predictors of an early screening tool for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of 87 children ages 2 to 6 years after unintentional injury.


METHODS
The examined screener was administered within 6 to 13 days post accident and consisted of an adapted version of the Pediatric Emotional Distress Scale (PEDS), the PEDS-ES (PEDS Early Screener), and questions on 5 additional risk factors (preexisting child behavioral problems, parental preexisting chronic mental or physical illness, pretraumatic life events in the family, parental feelings of guilt, parental posttraumatic stress). The PTSD Semi-structured Interview and Observational Record for Infants and Young Children served as criterion measure 6 months after the accident. A case was deemed positive when meeting criteria for full or partial PTSD.


RESULTS
Use of the PEDS-ES without the additional risk factors performed best, with good sensitivity (85%) and moderate specificity (63%) for full or partial PTSD.


CONCLUSIONS
The PEDS-ES allows for successful early screening of preschool-aged children after single accidental trauma. It may be used within a stepped-care model for early identification of individuals designated for possible secondary preventative interventions.
A happier and less sinister past, a more hedonistic and less fatalistic present and a more structured future: time perspective and well-being

Background. Previous studies have established a link between how people relate to their past, present, and future (i.e., time perspective) and subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, positive and negative affect). Time perspective comprises five dimensions: Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Hedonistic, Present Fatalistic, and Future. Life satisfaction can also be evaluated in relation to different time frames. Moreover, approach related positive affect is associated to a different concept of well-being labeled psychological well-being. In the present study we extend previous findings by investigating the effect of time perspective on the time frame of evaluations of life satisfaction (past, present, future) and by investigating the relationship between time perspective and psychological well-being. Method. Questionnaires on time perspective (Zimbardo's Time Perspective Inventory), temporal life satisfaction (Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale), affect (Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule), and psychological well-being (Scales of Psychological Well-Being-short version) were answered by 453 individuals. Two different structural equation models were tested, one of the relationship between time perspective and temporal life satisfaction, and the other of the relationship between time perspective, affect and psychological well-being. Results. Time perspective affected life satisfaction depending on the time scale on which it was evaluated-memory of a negative past influenced life satisfaction in all time frames, and a positive view of the past influenced both past and future life satisfaction. Moreover, less rumination about past negative events (i.e., low score on Past Negative), the tendency to take risks in the present to achieve happy feelings and/or avoid boredom (i.e., high scores on Present Hedonistic), and a less hopeless and pessimistic view about the present (low scores on Present Fatalistic) were associated with higher levels of psychological well-being and positive affect. These same time perspective dimensions were associated with lower levels of negative affect. The Future time perspective dimension (i.e., approaching life with self-control, punctuality, and planning for the future) was associated with both psychological well-being and positive affect. Conclusions. High levels of both subjective and psychological well-being are related to a happier and a less sinister past, a more hedonistic and less fatalistic present, as well as to a more structured future.