LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Patient perceptions of physician empathy, satisfaction with physician, interpersonal trust, and compliance

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate psychometric properties of the Jefferson Scale of Patient Perceptions of Physician Empathy (JSPPPE), and to examine correlations between its scores and measures of overall satisfaction with physicians, personal trust, and indicators of patient compliance. Methods: Research participants included 535 out-patients (between 18-75 years old, 66% female). A survey was mailed to participants which included the JSPPPE (5-item), a scale for measuring overall satisfaction with the primary care physician (10-item), and demographic questions. Patients were also asked about compliance with their physician’s recommendation for preventive tests (colonoscopy, mammogram, and PSA for age and gender appropriate patients). Results: Factor analysis of the JSPPPE resulted in one prominent component. Corrected item-total score correlations ranged from .88 to .94. Correlation between scores of the JSPPPE and scores on the patient satisfaction scale was 0.93. Scores of the JSPPPE were highly correlated with measures of physician-patient trust (r >.73). Higher scores of the JSPPPE were significantly associated with physicians’ recommendations for preventive tests (colonoscopy, mammogram, and PSA) and with compliance rates which were > .80). Cronbach’s coefficient alpha for the JSPPPE ranged from .97 to .99 for the total sample and for patients in different gender and age groups. Conclusions: Empirical evidence supported the psychometrics of the JSPPPE, and confirmed significant links with patients’ satisfaction with their physicians, interpersonal trust, and compliance with physicians’ recommendations. Availability of this psychometrically sound instrument will facilitate empirical research on empathy in patient care in different countries.
Impact of certolizumab pegol on patient-reported outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis and correlation with clinical measures of disease activity

INTRODUCTION
The effect of certolizumab pegol (CZP) on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) was investigated in 1063 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from the REALISTIC trial (double-blind, placebo-controlled to week 12, open-label to week 28; randomized 4:1 [CZP:placebo]). Correlations between PROs and RA signs and symptoms, and the relative efficacy of these measures, were examined.


METHODS
Adults with RA and an inadequate response to at least one disease-modifying antirheumatic drug were enrolled. PROs assessed included physical function (using the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index), pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PtGA), Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3), and Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index (RADAI).


RESULTS
Early significant and clinically meaningful improvements in all PROs were observed to week 12 with CZP vs. placebo and were maintained to the end of the trial (week 28). At week 12, up to one-third more CZP patients showed improvements compared with placebo that were greater than or equal to the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in fatigue, sleep problems, pain, PtGA, RADAI, and RAPID3. The changes in PROs were correlated with clinical measures of disease activity, including the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using C-reactive protein as well as tender and swollen joint counts.


CONCLUSIONS
Rapid improvements in PROs were seen in patients with RA treated with CZP. The magnitude of improvement exceeded the MCID in multiple domains and demonstrated that CZP improves aspects of health-related quality of life that are meaningful to patients and superior to placebo. PROs provide information complementary to clinical outcomes in assessment of treatment benefits.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00717236 . Registered on 15 July 2008.
Differential Privacy for Statistics : What we Know and What we Want to Learn

We motivate and review the definition of differential privacy, survey some results on differentially private statistical estimators, and outline a research agenda. This survey is based on two presentations given by the authors at an NCHS/CDC sponsored workshop on data privacy in May 2008.
Anxiety, pain, and nausea during the treatment of standard-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A prospective, longitudinal study from the Children's Oncology Group.

BACKGROUND
This prospective study describes the procedure-related anxiety, treatment-related anxiety, pain, and nausea experienced by children with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during the first year of treatment.


METHODS
This study was undertaken at 31 Children's Oncology Group (COG) sites. Eligible children who were 2 to 9.99 years old were enrolled in a COG trial for patients with newly diagnosed standard-risk ALL from 2005 to 2009. Parents completed a demographic survey at the baseline and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.0 Cancer Module (proxy version) and the General Functioning Scale of the Family Assessment Device 1, 6, and 12 months after the diagnosis. The association between patient-related (age, sex, ethnicity, and treatment), parent-related (marital status and education), and family-related factors (functioning, income, and size) and symptom scores was evaluated.


RESULTS
The mean scores for procedure-related anxiety, treatment-related anxiety, and pain improved during the first year of treatment (P < .0389). The mean nausea score was poorer 6 months after the diagnosis in comparison with the other assessments (P = .0085). A younger age at diagnosis was associated with significantly worse procedure-related anxiety (P = .004). An older age (P = .0002) and assignment to the intensified consolidation study arm (P = .02) were associated with significantly worse nausea.


CONCLUSIONS
Children with ALL experienced decreasing treatment-related anxiety, procedure-related anxiety, and pain during the first year of treatment. In comparison with scores at 1 and 12 months, nausea was worse 6 months after the diagnosis. Minimization of procedure-related anxiety in younger children and improved nausea control in older children and those receiving more intensified treatment should be prioritized.
The group of epidermal nevus syndromes Part I. Well defined phenotypes.

UNLABELLED
The epidermal nevus syndromes represent a group of distinct disorders that can be distinguished by the type of associated epidermal nevus and by the criterion of presence or absence of heritability. Well defined syndromes characterized by organoid epidermal nevi include Schimmelpenning syndrome, phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica, nevus comedonicus syndrome, angora hair nevus syndrome, and Becker nevus syndrome. The molecular basis of these disorders has so far not been identified. By contrast, the group of syndromes characterized by keratinocytic nevi comprises three phenotypes with a known molecular etiology in the form of CHILD (congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform nevus and limb defects) syndrome, type 2 segmental Cowden disease, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 epidermal nevus syndrome (García-Hafner-Happle syndrome), whereas Proteus syndrome is still of unknown origin. From this overview, it is clear that a specific type of these disorders cannot be classified by the name "epidermal nevus syndrome" nor by the terms "organoid nevus syndrome" or "keratinocytic nevus syndrome."


LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completing this learning activity, participants should be able to distinguish nine different epidermal nevus syndromes by their characteristic features, understand the practical significance of avoiding terms like "epidermal nevus syndrome" or "keratinocytic nevus syndrome" to define any specific entity within this group of disorders, and differentiate between nonhereditary traits and those bearing a genetic risk because of either Mendelian or non-Mendelian inheritance.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analyses of Ceftaroline in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis.

STUDY OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ceftaroline in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF).


DESIGN
Open-label, single-center, prospective study.


SETTING
University-affiliated teaching institution.


PATIENTS
Eight patients with a diagnosis of CF and a history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus who were treated with ceftaroline between November 2013 and September 2014.


INTERVENTION
All patients received at least three doses of intravenous ceftaroline 600 mg every 12 hours, administered as a 60-minute infusion, to achieve steady-state concentrations before blood sample collection. After an interim analysis of the first four patients' pharmacokinetic data, the remaining four patients received a change in dosage of ceftaroline to 600 mg every 8 hours.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Patients' blood samples were collected at two time points, 2 and 6 hours after infusion initiation, after administration of at least three doses of ceftaroline. Serum ceftaroline concentrations were determined by using a validated mass spectrometry, with a lower limit of detection of 20 ng/ml. These ceftaroline concentrations were used to estimate patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters, and 10,000-patient Monte Carlo simulations were performed to determine the pharmacodynamic probability of target attainment (PTA) for ceftaroline in adults with CF. A PTA of 90% or higher for the desired pharmacodynamic target was considered adequate. The PTA for 60% or higher of the dosing interval during which free (unbound) drug concentrations exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration (%fT > MIC) was simulated for various MICs. Compared with values previously reported in other populations, the volume of distribution was increased in the study patients, and the estimated half-life was shorter. Monte Carlo simulations revealed that a dose of ceftaroline 600 mg every 8 hours, infused over 60 minutes, maintained a higher than 90% PTA for %fT > MIC of 60% or higher for an MIC at the susceptibility breakpoint of 1 mg/L.


CONCLUSION
The pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline is altered in adults with CF, which suggests the need for modified dosing in this patient population to achieve adequate %fT > MIC. A dosage of intravenous ceftaroline 600 mg every 8 hours administered as a 60-minute infusion should be considered to achieve 60% fT > MIC.
Women's reproductive health: the role of body mass index in early and adult life

BACKGROUND: Higher risks of menstrual problems and infertility have been found in underweight and overweight women but evidence is inconsistent especially in relation to the effect of age of onset of obesity. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether body mass index (BMI) in adulthood or childhood affects the reproductive health of women. METHODS: Heights, weights (at 7, 11, 16, 23 and 33 y) and reproductive data were available for 5799 females in the 1958 British birth cohort study. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight/height2. Age-specific cut-offs were used to define overweight and obesity. Reproductive outcomes reported at age 33 included: menstrual problems (also reported at 16 y), hypertension in pregnancy and subfertility. RESULTS: Early menarcheal age was associated with higher risks of menstrual problems by 16 y but this relationship did not persist to 33 y. Obesity at 23 y and obesity at 7 y both independently increased the risk of menstrual problems by age 33 (OR=1.75, OR=1.59 respectively) after adjusting for other confounding factors. Obesity at 23 y increased the risk of hypertension in pregnancy (OR=2.37), after adjusting for confounders. Consistent with these findings, obese women at 23 y were less likely to conceive within 12 months of unprotected intercourse after adjustment for confounders (RR=0.69). CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity in early adulthood appears to increase the risk of menstrual problems, hypertension in pregnancy and subfertility. Other than menstrual problems, childhood body mass index had little impact on the reproductive health of women.
"Facebook depression?" social networking site use and depression in older adolescents.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the association between social networking site (SNS) use and depression in older adolescents using an experience sample method (ESM) approach.


METHODS
Older adolescent university students completed an online survey containing the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression screen (PHQ) and a week-long ESM data collection period to assess SNS use.


RESULTS
Participants (N = 190) included in the study were 58% female and 91% Caucasian. The mean age was 18.9 years (standard deviation = .8). Most used SNSs for either <30 minutes (n = 100, 53%) or between 30 minutes and 2 hours (n = 74, 39%); a minority of participants reported daily use of SNS >2 hours (n = 16, 8%). The mean PHQ score was 5.4 (standard deviation = 4.2). No associations were seen between SNS use and either any depression (p = .519) or moderate to severe depression (p = .470).


CONCLUSIONS
We did not find evidence supporting a relationship between SNS use and clinical depression. Counseling patients or parents regarding the risk of "Facebook Depression" may be premature.
A Simplified Stabilizer ZX-calculus

The stabilizer zx-calculus is a rigorous graphical language for reasoning about stabilizer quantum mechanics. This language has been proved to be complete in two steps: first in a setting where scalars (diagrams with no inputs or outputs) are ignored [1] and then in a more general setting where a new symbol and three additional rules have been added to keep track of scalars [2]. Here, we introduce a simplified version of the stabilizer zx-calculus: we give a smaller set of axioms and prove that meta-rules like ‘only the topology matters’, ‘colour symmetry’ and ‘upside-down symmetry’, which were considered as axioms in previous versions of the stabilizer zx-calculus, can in fact be derived. In particular, we show that the additional symbol and one of the rules introduced for proving the completeness of the scalar stabilizer zx-calculus are not necessary. We furthermore show that the remaining two rules dedicated to scalars cannot be derived from the other rules, i.e. they are necessary.
Summarization Using Neural Networks

⎯ A new technique for summarizing news articles using a neural network is presented. A neural network is trained to learn the relevant characteristics of sentences that should be included in the summary of the article. The neural network is then modified to generalize and combine the relevant characteristics apparent in summary sentences. Finally, the modified neural network is used as a filter to summarize news articles.
2 Bayesian Analysis for Penalized Spline Regression Using WinBUGS particular cases of Generalized Linear Mixed Models ( GLMMs

Penalized splines can be viewed as BLUPs in a mixed model framework, which allows the use of mixed model software for smoothing. Thus, software originally developed for Bayesian analysis of mixed models can be used for penalized spline regression. Bayesian inference for nonparametric models enjoys the flexibility of nonparametric models and the exact inference provided by the Bayesian inferential machinery. This paper provides a simple, yet comprehensive, set of programs for the implementation of nonparametric Bayesian analysis in WinBUGS. Good mixing properties of the MCMC chains are obtained by using low-rank thin-plate splines, while simulation times per iteration are reduced employing WinBUGS specific computational tricks.
Effet de l’huile essentielle de Thymus vulgaris sur les bactéries pathogènes responsables de gastroentérites

Différentes plantes aromatiques synthétisent des molécules odorantes qui constituent les huiles essentielles capables d’exercer un effet équivalent à celui des antibiotiques, et cela grâce à la nature chimique de leurs constituants. Ce travail porte sur l’étude de l’activité antibactérienne de l’huile essentielle de Thymus vulgaris vis-à-vis de cinq bactéries pathogènes (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae et Staphylococcus aureus) responsables de gastroentérites. La composition chimique de l’huile essentielle de Thymus vulgaris a été analysée par GC/MS. Les constituants majeurs sont carvacrol et thymol. Les tests d’inhibitions sont réalisés par la méthode de diffusion des disques. Les résultats ont montré une forte activité antibactérienne de l’huile essentielle avec des diamètres variant de 22,00 à 45,00 mm. Ceux-ci suggèrent que l’utilisation de l’huile essentielle de thym permettrait de mieux protéger l’homme contre les bactéries responsables de gastroentérites. Different aromatic plants synthesize molecules that are fragrant essential oils that can have an effect equivalent to that of antibiotics, thanks to the chemical nature of their constituents. This work concerns the study of the antibacterial activity of essential oil of Thymus vulgaris against five pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus) responsible for gastro-enteritis. The chemical composition of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris was analyzed by GC/MS. The major components are Carvacrol and Thymol. The inhibition tests were carried out by the disk diffusion method, the results showed strong antibacterial activity of essential oil with diameters ranging from 22.00 and 45.00 mm. These results suggest that the use of the essential oil of thyme could better protect humans against bacteria that cause gastro-enteritis.
Variation in Soil and Forest Floor Characteristics Along Gradients of Ericaceous, Evergreen Shrub Cover in the Southern Appalachians

Ericaceous shrubs can influence soil properties in many ecosystems. In this study, we examined how soil and forest floor properties vary among sites with different ericaceous evergreen shrub basal area in the southern Appalachian mountains. We randomly located plots along transects that included open understories and understories with varying amounts of Rhododendron maximum (rosebay rhododendron) and Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel) at three sites. The three sites were a mid-elevation ridge, a low-elevation cove, and a high-elevation southwest-facing slope. Basal area of R. maximum was more correlated with soil properties of the forest floor than was K. latifolia. Increasing R. maximum basal area was correlated with increasing mass of lower quality litter and humus as indicated by higher C:N ratios. Moreover, this correlation supports our prediction that understory evergreen shrubs may have considerable effect on forest floor resource heterogeneity in mature stands. INTRODUCTION Vegetation is one of the primary factors contributing to soil genesis (Boettcher and Kalisz 1990). Many studies have shown the effects of individual tree species on soil chemical and physical properties (Zinke 1962, Challinor 1968, Chastain et al. 2006, Boerner and Koslowsky 1989, Boettcher and Kalisz 1990, Pelletier et al. 1999). Woody species may affect soil properties by redistributing nutrients within the rooting zone (Boettcher and Kalisz 1990) and by the synthesis and input of organic material in the form of root exudates and decomposing litter (Boerner and Koslowsky 1989). Additionally, litter quality may influence decomposition and nutrient turnover rates. For example, litter of species with higher lignin content has slower decomposition rates (Hobbie et al. 2006). Ericaceous plants, in particular, influence soil properties by reducing soil enzyme activities and slowing nutrient cycling (Bloom and Mallik 2006, Chastain et al. 2006, Joanisse et al. 2007). This influence is primarily a result of litter quality and a large concentration of polyphenolic compounds (Wurzburger and Hendrick 2007). These phenolic compounds often bind with organic materials in the soil preventing or slowing their decomposition (Joanisse et al. 2007, Wurzberger and Hendrick 2007), reducing rates of nutrient mineralization (Straker 1996, Northup et al. 1998). Many ericaceous plants influence nutrient availability in cold-temperate or boreal regions that are nitrogen limited (Nilsson and Wardle 2005); however, ericaceous vegetation can also alter nutrient cycling in warm *email address: jhorton@unca.edu **Present address: Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608. ***Present address: Adirondack Ecosystem Research Center, State University of New York, and College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 12852. Received February 26, 2008; Accepted May 10, 2009. CASTANEA 74(4): 340–352. DECEMBER 2009
Effective leadership in higher education: a literature review

This article is a review of the literature concerned with leadership effectiveness in higher education at departmental level. The literature derives from publications from three countries: the UK, the USA and Australia. Surprisingly little systematic research has been conducted on the question of which forms of leadership are associated with departmental effectiveness. The analysis of the studies selected resulted in the identification of 13 forms of leader behaviour that are associated with departmental effectiveness. The findings are considered in relation to the notion of competency frameworks and, in the conclusion, their general implications are explored in relation to the notion of substitutes for leadership.
The Conversation: Deep Audio-Visual Speech Enhancement

The enhancement model consists of two modules: A phase and a magnitude sub-network: ● Input: Noisy audio & cropped video of lip region; Output: Clean audio ● Visual features are extracted with a spatio-temporal (3D & 2D convolutions) residual network. ● Linear scale spectrograms are extracted through STFT ● The magnitude sub-network predicts a soft-mask that filters the noisy magnitude spectrogram ● The phase sub-network produces a phase residual that corrects the noisy phase Our goal is to isolate individual voices in videos with multiple simultaneous speakers:
Argumentation in artificial intelligence

Over the last ten years, argumentation has come to be increasingly central as a core study within Artificial Intelligence (AI). The articles forming this volume reflect a variety of important trends, developments, and applications covering a range of current topics relating to the theory and applications of argumentation. Our aims in this introduction are, firstly, to place these contributions in the context of the historical foundations of argumentation in AI and, subsequently, to discuss a number of themes that have emerged in recent years resulting in a significant broadening of the areas in which argumentation based methods are used. We begin by presenting a brief overview of the issues of interest within the classical study of argumentation: in particular, its relationship— in terms of both similarities and important differences—to traditional concepts of logical reasoning and mathematical proof. We continue by outlining how a number of foundational contributions provided the basis for the formulation of argumentation models and their promotion in AI related settings and then consider a number of new themes that have emerged in recent years, many of which provide the principal topics of the research presented in this volume. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.