LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical learning for fine grained internet traffic classification

Traffic classification is still today a challenging problem given the ever evolving nature of the Internet in which new protocols and applications arise at a constant pace. In the past, so called behavioral approaches have been successfully proposed as valid alternatives to traditional DPI based tools to properly classify traffic into few and coarse classes. In this paper we push forward the adoption of behavioral classifiers by engineering a Hierarchical classifier that allows proper classification of traffic into more than twenty fine grained classes. Thorough engineering has been followed which considers both proper feature selection and testing seven different classification algorithms. Results obtained over actual and large data sets show that the proposed Hierarchical classifier outperforms off-the-shelf non hierarchical classification algorithms by exhibiting average accuracy higher than 90%, with precision and recall that are higher than 95% for most popular classes of traffic.
Lamination core loss measurements in machines operating with PWM or nonsinusoidal excitation

Variable Speed Drives (VSDs) are becoming standard supplies for motors in industries because of their benefits in increased process control and energy savings. The benefits of employing a VSD are derived at a cost of increased core losses and motor temperature rise. Core loss measurements with sinusoidal supplies are guided by international standards. However, there are currently no international standards for the fast growing variable frequency supplies and the associated core losses. In this paper, a test bench for core loss measurements under variable frequency supplies proposed by [1] is adopted. Work reported in this paper serves to validate the proposal and extends the test bench proposal to switched reluctance motor (SRM) lamination core loss measurements. An Epstein frame was used for direct core loss measurements. The methods and test bench used are detailed in the paper, along with test results.
A task-oriented circuit training in multiple sclerosis: a feasibility study

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility and preliminary effects of a high-intensity rehabilitative task-oriented circuit training (TOCT) in a sample of multiple sclerosis (MS) subjects on walking competency, mobility, fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).


METHODS
24 MS subjects (EDSS 4.89 ± 0.54, 17 female and 7 male, 52.58 ± 11.21 years, MS duration 15.21 ± 8.68 years) have been enrolled and randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: (i) experimental group received 10 TOCT sessions over 2 weeks (2 hours/each session) followed by a 3 months home exercise program, whereas control group did not receive any specific rehabilitation intervention. A feasibility patient-reported questionnaire was administered after TOCT. Functional outcome measures were: walking endurance (Six Minute Walk Test), gait speed (10 Meter Walk Test), mobility (Timed Up and Go test) and balance (Dynamic Gait Index). Furthermore, self-reported questionnaire of motor fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale), walking ability (Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale - 12) and health-related quality of life (Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale - 29) were included. Subjects' assessments were delivered at baseline (T0), after TOCT (T1) and 3 months of home-based exercise program (T2).


RESULTS
After TOCT subjects reported a positive global rating on the received treatment. At 3 months, we found a 58.33% of adherence to the home-exercise program. After TOCT, walking ability and health-related quality of life were improved (p < 0.05) with minor retention after 3 months. The control group showed no significant changes in any variables.


CONCLUSIONS
This two weeks high-intensity task-oriented circuit class training followed by a three months home-based exercise program seems feasible and safe in MS people with moderate mobility impairments; moreover it might improve walking abilities.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT01464749.
IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Urbanization and population growth are solely responsible for high increasing rate of solid waste and its proper management is a major problem of Municipal Corporation. In this study, the sources and components of solid waste were identified; type and the quantity of solid waste disposed, methods of solid waste disposal and impact of improper waste management on health were highlighted. The result shows that excreta and other liquid and solid waste from households and the community, are a serious health hazard and lead to the spread of infectious diseases.
VocaWatcher: Natural singing motion generator for a humanoid robot

In this paper, we describe VocaWatcher, a novel robot motion generator that enables a humanoid robot to sing with realistic facial expressions and naturally synthesized singing voices. This robot singer is an important and attractive humanoid robot application for the entertainment scene; moreover, it promotes state-of-the-art integration of robot engineering, music processing, and image processing. To overcome the difficulties of generating natural facial expressions that are precisely synchronized with singing voices, VocaWatcher imitates a human singer by analyzing a video clip of a human singing, recorded by a single video camera. VocaWatcher can control mouth, eye, and neck motions by imitating the corresponding human movements, which are estimated without using any markers in the video. It can also synthesize singing voices by imitating the pitch and dynamics of the human singing in the same video.
Use of cervical vertebral maturation to determine skeletal age.

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method as an indicator of skeletal age in the circumpubertal period by correlating it to the hand-wrist method (HWM).


METHODS
Hand-wrist and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 400 Chinese subjects were randomly selected. Their ages were 10 to 15 years for girls and 12 to 17 years for boys, so they were within the circumpubertal period. Skeletal ages were assessed according to the CVM method and the HWM.


RESULTS
The CVM was significantly correlated with HWM skeletal age (Spearman r = 0.9521 [boys] and 0.9408 [girls]). All patients in cervical vertebral stage 3 of the CVM corresponded to stages MP3-FG or MP3-G (around the peak of the growth spurt) in the HWM.


CONCLUSIONS
The CVM is a valid indicator of skeletal growth during the circumpubertal period, providing information for timing of growth modification.
Scale structure: Processing minimum standard and maximum standard scalar adjectives

Gradable adjectives denote a function that takes an object and returns a measure of the degree to which the object possesses some gradable property [Kennedy, C. (1999). Projecting the adjective: The syntax and semantics of gradability and comparison. New York: Garland]. Scales, ordered sets of degrees, have begun to be studied systematically in semantics [Kennedy, C. (to appear). Vagueness and grammar: the semantics of relative and absolute gradable predicates. Linguistics and Philosophy; Kennedy, C. and McNally, L. (2005). Scale structure, degree modification, and the semantics of gradable predicates. Language, 81, 345-381; Rotstein, C., and Winter, Y. (2004). Total adjectives vs. partial adjectives: scale structure and higher order modifiers. Natural Language Semantics, 12, 259-288.]. We report four experiments designed to investigate the processing of absolute adjectives with a maximum standard (e.g., clean) and their minimum standard antonyms (dirty). The central hypothesis is that the denotation of an absolute adjective introduces a 'standard value' on a scale as part of the normal comprehension of a sentence containing the adjective (the "Obligatory Scale" hypothesis). In line with the predictions of Kennedy and McNally (2005) and Rotstein and Winter (2004), maximum standard adjectives and minimum standard adjectives systematically differ from each other when they are combined with minimizing modifiers like slightly, as indicated by speeded acceptability judgments. An eye movement recording study shows that, as predicted by the Obligatory Scale hypothesis, the penalty due to combining slightly with a maximum standard adjective can be observed during the processing of the sentence; the penalty is not the result of some after-the-fact inferencing mechanism. Further, a type of 'quantificational variability effect' may be observed when a quantificational adverb (mostly) is combined with a minimum standard adjective in sentences like "The dishes are mostly dirty", which may receive either a degree interpretation (e.g., 80% dirty) or a quantity interpretation (e.g., 80% of the dishes are dirty). The quantificational variability results provide suggestive support for the Obligatory Scale hypothesis by showing that the standard of a scalar adjective influences the preferred interpretation of other constituents in the sentence.
Duration of Cord Clamping and Neonatal Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants

BACKGROUND
Delayed cord clamping (DCC, ≥30 s) increases blood volume in newborns and is associated with fewer blood transfusions and short-term neonatal complications. The optimal timing of cord clamping for very preterm infants should maximize placental transfusion without interfering with stabilization and resuscitation.


AIM
We compared the effect of different durations of DCC, 30-45 s vs. 60-75 s, on delivery room (DR) and neonatal outcomes in preterm infants <32 weeks gestational age (GA).


METHODS
This is a single-center prospective observational study. Data were collected prospectively from eligible infants from two groups: 30-45 s DCC group (January 2008 to February 2011, n = 187) and 60-75 s DCC group (March 2011 to April 2014, n = 166).


RESULTS
The 60-75 s DCC group compared to the 30-45 s DCC group had higher hematocrits at <2 hours (49.2% vs. 47.4%, p = 0.02). In infants <28 weeks GA, the 12-36 hours hematocrit was higher in the 60-75 s DCC group compared to the 30-45 s DCC group (47.9% vs. 42.1%, p = 0.002). The 60-75 s DCC group had reductions in DR intubation (11% vs. 22%, p = 0.004), hypothermia on admission (1% vs. 5%, p = 0.01), surfactant therapy (13% vs. 28%, p = 0.001), intubation in the first 24 hours (20% vs. 34%, p = 0.004), any intubation (27% vs. 40%, p = 0.007), and any red blood cell transfusion (20% vs. 33%, p = 0.008) during the hospitalization compared to the 30-45 s DCC group. These reductions remained significant after adjusting for GA, gender and >48 hours of antenatal steroid exposure. There was no difference between the two groups in neonatal death, intraventricular hemorrhage, chronic lung disease, late onset sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis and severe retinopathy of prematurity.


CONCLUSION
In this study cohort increasing DCC duration from 30-45 s to 60-75 s is associated with decreased hypothermia on admission, neonatal respiratory interventions and red blood cell transfusions without increase in neonatal mortality and morbidities.
Evaluation of the Clinical and Cost Effectiveness of Intermediate Care Clinics for Diabetes (ICCD): A Multicentre Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND
Configuring high quality care for the rapidly increasing number of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major challenge worldwide for both providers and commissioners. In the UK, about two thirds of people with T2D are managed entirely in primary care, with wide variation in management strategies and achievement of targets. Pay for performance, introduced in 2004, initially resulted in improvements but disparities exist in ethnic minorities and the improvements are levelling off. Community based, intermediate care clinics for diabetes (ICCDs) were considered one solution and are functioning across the UK. However, there is no randomised trial evidence for the effectiveness of such clinics.


TRIAL DESIGN, METHODS AND FINDINGS
This is a cluster-randomised trial, involving 3 primary care trusts, with 49 general practices randomised to usual care (n=25) or intervention (ICCDs; n=24). All eligible adult patients with T2D were invited; 1997 were recruited and 1280 followed-up after 18-months intervention.


PRIMARY OUTCOME
achievement of all three of the NICE targets [(HbA1c ≤ 7.0%/53 mmol/mol; Blood Pressure <140/80 mmHg; cholesterol <154 mg/dl (4 mmol/l)]. PRIMARY OUTCOME was achieved in 14.3% in the intervention arm vs. 9.3% in the control arm (p=0.059 after adjustment for covariates). The odds ratio (95% CI) for achieving primary outcome in the intervention group was 1.56 (0.98, 2.49). Primary care and community clinic costs were significantly higher in the intervention group, but there were no significant differences in hospital costs or overall healthcare costs. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of +£7,778 per QALY gained, indicated ICCD was marginally more expensive at producing health gain.


CONCLUSIONS
Intermediate care clinics can contribute to improving target achievement in patients with diabetes. Further work is needed to investigate the optimal scale and organisational structure of ICCD services and whether, over time, their role may change as skill levels in primary care increase.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00945204; National Research Register (NRR) M0014178167.
Concurrent software architectures for exploratory data analysis

Decades ago, increased volume of data made manual analysis obsolete and prompted the use of computational tools with interactive user interfaces and rich palette of data visualizations. Yet their classic, desktop-based architectures can no longer cope with the ever-growing size and complexity of data. Next-generation systems for explorative data analysis will be developed on client–server architectures, which already run concurrent software for data analytics but are not tailored to for an engaged, interactive analysis of data and models. In explorative data analysis, the key is the responsiveness of the system and prompt construction of interactive visualizations that can guide the users to uncover interesting data patterns. In this study, we review the current software architectures for distributed data analysis and propose a list of features to be included in the next generation frameworks for exploratory data analysis. The new generation of tools for explorative data analysis will need to address integrated data storage and processing, fast prototyping of data analysis pipelines supported by machine-proposed analysis workflows, pre-emptive analysis of data, interactivity, and user interfaces for intelligent data visualizations. The systems will rely on a mixture of concurrent software architectures to meet the challenge of seamless integration of explorative data interfaces at client site with management of concurrent data mining procedures on the servers. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mukat's people : the Cahuilla Indians of southern California

1. Introduction 2. The Cahuilla Physical Environment 3. Plant Environment 4. Faunal Environment 6. Social Structure and Organization 7. Other Institutions 8. Ritual 9. World View: Existential and Normative Postulates 10. Conclusions Bibliography
Semi-proving: an integrated method based on global symbolic evaluation and metamorphic testing

We present a semi-proving method for verifying necessary conditions for program correctness. Our approach is based on the integration of global symbolic evaluation and metamorphic testing. It is relatively easier than conventional program proving, and helps to alleviate the problem that software testing cannot show the absence of faults.
On the Impossibility of Cryptography with Tamperable Randomness

We initiate a study of the security of cryptographic primitives in the presence of efficient tampering attacks to the randomness of honest parties. More precisely, we consider p-tampering attackers that may efficiently tamper with each bit of the honest parties’ random tape with probability p, but have to do so in an “online” fashion. Our main result is a strong negative result: We show that any secure encryption scheme, bit commitment scheme, or zero-knowledge protocol can be “broken” with advantage $$\Omega (p)$$ Ω ( p ) by a p-tampering attacker. The core of this result is a new algorithm for biasing the output of bounded-value functions, which may be of independent interest. We also show that this result cannot be extended to primitives such as signature schemes and identification protocols: assuming the existence of one-way functions, such primitives can be made resilient to -tampering attacks where n is the security parameter.
A 450 Mb/s analog front-end for PRML read channels

The high user densities and data rates supported by today's hard-disk drives (HDD) demand complex read channel ICs. High-performance analog front-end (AFE) circuits provide automatic gain control (AGC), programmable band limiting and pulse shaping prior to signal sampling and further processing of the data in the digital domain. A 450 Mb/s analog front-end, integrated into a 16/17 code rate EPR4 read channel, contains an AGC loop, which includes a programmable gain stage (PGA), an exponential variable-gain amplifier (VGA), a 7/sup th/-order 120 MHz lowpass filter (LPF), an active dc offset cancellation circuit, and digital feedback. Utilizing multilevel qualification and a variable loop time constant, the AGC acquires a 12 dB gain change within 5 data bytes. Thermal asperity (TA) and amplitude asymmetry compensation make the analog front-end ideally suited for magnetoresistive (MR) head-based applications. Implemented in 5V/3.3V dual voltage 0.35 /spl mu/ BiCMOS, the complete circuit occupies 2.29 mm/sup 3/ and dissipates 232 mW.
Automatically profiling the author of an anonymous text

ImagIne that you have been gIven an Important text of unknown authorship, and wish to know as much as possible about the unknown author (demographics, personality, cultural background, among others), just by analyzing the given text. This authorship profiling problem is of growing importance in the current global information environment– applications abound in forensics, security, and commercial settings. For example, authorship profiling can help police identify characteristics of the perpetrator of a crime when there are too few (or too many) specific suspects to consider. Similarly, large corporations may be interested in knowing what types of people like or dislike their products, based on analysis of blogs and online product reviews. The question we therefore ask is: How much can we discern about the author of a text simply by analyzing the text itself? It turns out that, with varying degrees of accuracy, we can say a great deal indeed. Unlike the problem of authorship attribution (determining the author of a text from a given candidate set) discussed recently in these pages by Li, Zheng, and Chen authorship profiling does not begin with a set of writing samples from known candidate authors. Instead, we exploit the sociolinguistic observation that different groups of people speaking or writing in a particular genre and in a particular language use that language differently. That is, they vary in how often they use certain words or syntactic constructions (in addition to variation in pronunciation or intonation, for example). The particular profile dimensions we consider here are author gender, age,8 native language7 and personality.10
Group music therapy for patients with persistent post-traumatic stress disorder--an exploratory randomized controlled trial with mixed methods evaluation.

OBJECTIVES
Not all patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) respond to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Literature suggests group music therapy might be beneficial in treating PTSD. However, feasibility and effectiveness have not been assessed. The study objectives were to assess whether group music therapy was feasible for patients who did not respond to CBT, and whether it has an effect on PTSD symptoms and depression.


DESIGN
The study employed mixed methods comprising of an exploratory randomized controlled trial, qualitative content analysis of therapy, and patient interviews.


METHOD
Patients with significant PTSD symptoms (n = 17) following completion of CBT were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 9) or control groups (n = 8). The treatment group received 10 weeks of group music therapy after which exit interviews were conducted. Control group patients were offered the intervention at the end of the study. Symptoms were assessed on the Impact of Events Scale-Revised and Beck Depression Inventory II at the beginning and end of treatment.


RESULTS
Treatment-group patients experienced a significant reduction in severity of PTSD symptoms (-20.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [-31.23, -9.12]) and a marginally significant reduction in depression (-11.92; 95%CI: [-24.05, 0.21]) at 10 weeks from baseline compared to the control. Patients viewed music therapy as helpful and reported experiences concur with current literature.


CONCLUSIONS
Group music therapy appears feasible and effective for PTSD patients who have not sufficiently responded to CBT. Limitations include the small sample size and lack of blinding. Further research should address these limitations, test sustainability, and identify specific factors that address symptoms in treatment.
HARMONY 4: randomised clinical trial comparing once-weekly albiglutide and insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin with or without sulfonylurea

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of once-weekly albiglutide with once-daily insulin glargine (A21Gly,B31Arg,B32Arg human insulin) in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin with or without sulfonylurea. This was a randomised, open-label, multicentre (n = 222), parallel-group, non-inferiority out-patient clinical trial, with 779 patients enrolled in the study. The study was conducted in 222 centres located in four countries. Patients aged ≥18 years with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin (±sulfonylurea) for at least 3 months with a baseline HbA1c 7.0–10.0% (53.0–85.8 mmol/mol) were randomly assigned (2:1) via a computer-generated randomisation sequence with a voice response system to receive albiglutide (30 mg once a week, n = 504) or insulin glargine (10 U once a day, n = 241) added to current therapy. Participants and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. Doses of each medication were adjusted on the basis of the glycaemic response. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c at week 52. In the albiglutide group, HbA1c declined from 8.28 ± 0.90% (67.0 ± 9.8 mmol/mol) (mean ± SD) at baseline to 7.62 ± 1.12% (59.8 ± 12.2 mmol/mol) at week 52. A similar reduction occurred in the insulin glargine group (8.36 ± 0.95% to 7.55 ± 1.04% [67.9 ± 10.4 to 59.0 ± 11.4 mmol/mol]). The model-adjusted treatment difference of 0.11% (95% CI −0.04%, 0.27%) (1.2 mmol/mol [95% CI −0.4, 3.0 mmol/mol]) indicated non-inferiority of albiglutide to insulin glargine based on the pre-specified non-inferiority margin of 0.3% (3.3 mmol/mol, p = 0.0086). Body weight increased in the insulin glargine group and decreased in the albiglutide group, with a mean treatment difference of −2.61 kg (95% CI −3.20, −2.02; p < 0.0001). Documented symptomatic hypoglycaemia occurred in a higher proportion of patients in the insulin glargine group than in the albiglutide group (27.4% vs 17.5%, p = 0.0377). Albiglutide was non-inferior to insulin glargine at reducing HbA1c at week 52, with modest weight loss and less hypoglycaemia. Both drugs were well tolerated. Albiglutide may be considered an alternative to insulin glargine in this patient population. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00838916 (completed) Funding: This study was planned and conducted by GlaxoSmithKline.