LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Mental health implications of detaining asylum seekers: systematic review.

BACKGROUND
The number of asylum seekers, refugees and internally displaced people worldwide is rising. Western countries are using increasingly restrictive policies, including the detention of asylum seekers, and there is concern that this is harmful.


AIMS
To investigate mental health outcomes among adult, child and adolescent immigration detainees.


METHOD
A systematic review was conducted of studies investigating the impact of immigration detention on the mental health of children, adolescents and adults, identified by a systematic search of databases and a supplementary manual search of references.


RESULTS
Ten studies were identified. All reported high levels of mental health problems in detainees. Anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder were commonly reported, as were self-harm and suicidal ideation. Time in detention was positively associated with severity of distress. There is evidence for an initial improvement in mental health occurring subsequent to release, although longitudinal results have shown that the negative impact of detention persists.


CONCLUSIONS
This area of research is in its infancy and studies are limited by methodological constraints. Findings consistently report high levels of mental health problems among detainees. There is some evidence to suggest an independent adverse effect of detention on mental health.
Femoral Neck Axis Length, Height Loss and Risk of Hip Fracture in Males and Females

Hip axis length (HAL) has been proposed as an independent predictor of hip fracture risk in Caucasian females. Femoral neck axis length (FNAL) is a similar measure of femoral geometry but does not include acetabular structures. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hip geometry, using FNAL, and hip fractures in elderly males and females in relation to other anthropometric data. The study group comprised 123 females (23 hip fracture patients and 100 age-matched controls) and 137 males (13 hip fracture patients, 65 age-matched controls and 59 current-height-matched controls). All subjects had femoral neck bone mineral density measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. From these scans, FNAL was measured as the linear distance from the base of the greater trochanter to the apex of the femoral head. FNAL was correlated significantly with current height (r = 0.47 and r = 0.56 for females and males respectively; p < 0.0001) and peak height (r = 0.45 and r = 0.57 for females and males respectively; p < 0.0001) in both sexes. In females, FNAL in the fracture patients (91.5 ± 5.4 mm, mean ± SD) was not significantly different from FNAL in controls (89.7 ± 5.4 mm; p = 0.2). Fracture patients had the same current height as controls and a trend towards a greater peak height (163 ± 6 cm vs 160 ± cm; p = 0.09). After adjusting FNAL for current or peak height there was no difference in FNAL between fracture patients and controls. In males, FNAL in the fracture patients (103.9 ± 3.9 mm) was not significantly different from that of age-matched controls (103.4 ± 6.3 mm; p = 0.79). Fracture patients had significantly lower current height (168 ± 6 cm) than the age-matched controls (174 ± 6 cm; p = 0..0008) but had the same peak height. When adjusted for peak height there were no significant differences between height of hip fracture patients (102.0 ± 4.9 cm), age-matched controls (102.1 ± 5.1 cm) and current-height-matched controls (102.6 ± 5.3 cm). Fracture patients had a significantly greater height loss (peak height minus current height) than either control group. In logistic regression analyses peak height in females and height loss in males but no FNAL were independent predictors of hip fracture. The greater height, FNAL and presumably HAL in male versus females is not associated with increased hip fracture risk. However, in this study of elderly males and females, peak height (females) and height loss (males) were independent risk factors for hip fracture. Moreover, FNAL appears to have limited utility in the prediction of hip fracture risk and any role of HAL in the prediction of hip fracture does not relate to its major component of femoral neck length.
An Exploratory Examination of the Association Between Altered Lumbar Motor Control, Joint Mobility and Low Back Pain in Athletes

BACKGROUND
Low back pain (LBP) is a common cause of lost playing time and can be a challenging clinical condition in competitive athletes. LBP in athletes may be associated with joint and ligamentous hypermobility and impairments in activation and coordination of the trunk musculature, however there is limited research in this area.


OBJECTIVES
To determine if there is an association between altered lumbar motor control, joint mobility and low back pain (LBP) in a sample of athletes.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifteen athletes with LBP were matched by age, gender and body mass index (BMI) with controls without LBP. Athletes completed a questionnaire with questions pertaining to demographics, activity level, medical history, need to self-manipulate their spine, pain intensity and location. Flexibility and lumbar motor control were assessed using: active and passive straight leg raise, lumbar range of motion (ROM), hip internal rotation ROM (HIR), Beighton ligamentous laxity scale, prone instability test (PIT), observation of lumbar aberrant movements, double leg lowering and Trendelenburg tests. Descriptive statistics were compiled and the chi square test was used to analyze results.


RESULTS
Descriptive statistics showed that 40% of athletes with LBP exhibited aberrant movements (AM), compared to 6% without LBP. 66% of athletes with LBP reported frequently self-manipulating their spine compared to 40% without LBP. No significant differences in motor control tests were found between groups. Athletes with LBP tended to have less lumbar flexion (63 ± 11°) compared to those without LBP (66 ± 13°). Chi-Square tests revealed that the AM were more likely to be present in athletes with LBP than those without (X2 = 4.66, P = 0.03).


CONCLUSIONS
The presence of aberrant movement patterns is a significant clinical finding and associated with LBP in athletes.
Reduced complexity precoding and scheduling algorithms for full-dimension MIMO systems

Full-dimension multiple-input multiple-output (FD-MIMO) systems, in which base stations are equipped with a large number of antennas in a two-dimensional panel, has received considerable attention from academia researchers and industry practitioners. Compared with legacy cellular communication systems, FD-MIMO systems can achieve significantly higher spectral efficiency with high order multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) transmissions. However, as high-order MU-MIMO also incurs high precoding and scheduling complexity, it is critical to reduce complexity of these operations in order to realize throughput potential of FD-MIMO systems in practice. In this paper, we propose a reduced complexity algorithm to realize the high performance precoding technique, signal-to-leakage plus noise ratio (SLNR) precoding, and propose an efficient scheduling algorithm to enable high-order MU-MIMO transmissions in FD-MIMO systems. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms by using system level simulations.
High prevalence of brown adipose tissue in adult humans.

CONTEXT
Positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) has identified metabolically active supraclavicular fat in adult humans based on uptake of labeled glucose and confirmed to be brown adipose tissue (BAT) histologically. However, PET-CT has estimated a prevalence of BAT as low as 5% in adult humans, casting doubt on its significance. The true prevalence of BAT is unknown because of the suboptimal sensitivity of standard PET-CT.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to determine whether BAT is present in PET-negative supraclavicular fat.


DESIGN
This was a prospective cohort study.


SETTING
The study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital.


PATIENTS
Seventeen patients who underwent preoperative PET-CT for staging of head and neck malignancy participated in the study.


MAIN OUTCOME
The main outcome was signature BAT gene transcripts and protein in biopsies of supraclavicular fat with sc fat as negative control.


RESULTS
PET-CT was positive in three and negative in 14 patients. PET-positive fat harbored multilobulated lipid droplets and stained strongly for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). These features are absent in sc fat. By contrast, PET-negative fat contained a predominance of cells with unilobulated lipid droplets, with scattered cells containing multilobulated lipid droplets and variable UCP1 staining. Molecular analyses of fat biopsies showed lower but clear expression of UCP1, NDUFS3 (NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) iron-sulfur protein 3), β₃-adrenoceptor, and PRDM16 (PR domain containing 16) transcripts.


CONCLUSIONS
BAT is present in supraclavicular fat, regardless of PET status. BAT is highly prevalent in adult humans, and its abundance determines PET status.
Surgical outcome following resection of rolandic focal cortical dysplasia

OBJECTIVE
This study evaluates surgical outcomes in patients with balloon cell containing, focal cortical dysplasia (FCD type IIB) in the peri-rolandic region. We also address the question of, postoperative seizure worsening after an incomplete resection in this patient population.


METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data on patients with pathologically proven FCD, who underwent epilepsy surgery over a 12-year period. Seizure outcomes were compared between, patients with rolandic FCD and non-rolandic frontal FCD.


RESULTS
Seventeen patients with rolandic and 22 patients with non-rolandic FCD were identified. Twelve patients were found to have type IIB lesions (8 rolandic). Seizure freedom at last follow up was, achieved in 59% of the rolandic subset of patients (including 75% seizure freedom in the rolandic type, IIB cases, as opposed to 44% of rolandic non-type IIB and 75% of type IIB outside the rolandic, region). New postoperative neurological deficits occurred in 59% of the rolandic subgroup and were, independent of pathology. Three patients (3/8) with incompletely resected rolandic type IIB lesions, developed status epilepticus postoperatively; all 3 patients became seizure free following a second, more extensive surgical resection.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with rolandic FCD can achieve a good surgical outcome after a complete, resection. However, an incomplete surgical resection in this patient population may lead to acute, postoperative seizure worsening.
Moments of governance in IS outsourcing: conceptualizing effects of contracts on value capture and creation

Research on the governance of IS outsourcing has recognized two moments of governance: the formal outsourcing contract (promissory contract) and post-contractual relationship management (psychological contract). While this research has been prescriptive of contract terms that lead to successful outsourcing, there is need for clarity on what specific governance options are available at each moment of governance and how governance choices at one moment affect those at another, and consequently affect outsourcing outcomes. This paper draws on theoretical and empirical work in the areas of governance and contracts to develop a model of IS outsourcing governance, delineating specific moments of governance (MoG). It describes how the IS outsourcing context circumscribes market, hierarchy, and network governance options that are available at the promissory contract and psychological contract moments. Processes and structures that constitute governance choices at each moment of governance are identified. This analysis of outcomes recognizes an inherent tension in interorganizational relationships: firms’ desire for value capture or efficiency vs their desire for value creation or innovation. We explore how choices in formulating the promissory contract affect the psychological contract, and how psychological contract choices impact value capture and creation. The paper concludes by exploring the implications of the MoG model for practitioners and suggesting areas in which further conceptualization and empirical work may be beneficial. Journal of Information Technology (2005) 20, 152–169. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000045 Published online 28 June 2005
Biomimetic tubular nanofiber mesh and platelet rich plasma-mediated delivery of BMP-7 for large bone defect regeneration

There is a growing need for successful bone tissue engineering strategies and advanced biomaterials that mimic the structure and function of native tissues carry great promise. Successful bone repair approaches may include an osteoconductive scaffold, osteoinductive growth factors, cells with an osteogenic potential and capacity for graft vascularisation. To increase osteoinductivity of biomaterials, the local combination and delivery of growth factors has been developed. In the present study we investigated the osteogenic effects of calcium phosphate (CaP)-coated nanofiber mesh tube-mediated delivery of BMP-7 from a PRP matrix for the regeneration of critical sized segmental bone defects in a small animal model. Bilateral full-thickness diaphyseal segmental defects were created in twelve male Lewis rats and nanofiber mesh tubes were placed around the defect. Defects received either treatment with a CaP-coated nanofiber mesh tube (n = 6), an un-coated nanofiber mesh tube (n=6) a CaP-coated nanofiber mesh tube with PRP (n=6) or a CaP-coated nanofiber mesh tube in combination with 5 μg BMP-7 and PRP (n = 6). After 12 weeks, bone volume and biomechanical properties were evaluated using radiography, microCT, biomechanical testing and histology. The results demonstrated significantly higher biomechanical properties and bone volume for the BMP group compared to the control groups. These results were supported by the histological evaluations, where BMP group showed the highest rate of bone regeneration within the defect. In conclusion, BMP-7 delivery via PRP enhanced functional bone defect regeneration, and together these data support the use of BMP-7 in the treatment of critical sized defects.
Fast Elliptic Curve Cryptography on FPGA

This paper details the design of a new high-speed pipelined application-specific instruction set processor (ASIP) for elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) using field-programmable gate-array (FPGA) technology. Different levels of pipelining were applied to the data path to explore the resulting performances and find an optimal pipeline depth. Three complex instructions were used to reduce the latency by reducing the overall number of instructions, and a new combined algorithm was developed to perform point doubling and point addition using the application specific instructions. An implementation for the United States Government National Institute of Standards and Technology-recommended curve over GF(2163) is shown, which achieves a point multiplication time of 33.05 s at 91 MHz on a Xilinx Virtex-E FPGA-the fastest figure reported in the literature to date. Using the more modern Xilinx Virtex-4 technology, a point multiplication time of 19.55 s was achieved, which translates to over 51120 point multiplications per second.
A Survey on the Roadmap to Mandate on Board Connectivity and Enable V2V-Based Vehicular Sensor Networks

Vehicles will soon be connected and will be interacting directly with each other and with the road infrastructure, bringing substantial benefits in terms of safety and traffic efficiency. The past decade has seen the development of different wireless access technologies for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications and an extensive set of related use cases have been drafted, each with its own requirements. In this paper, focusing on short-range communications, we analyze the technical and economic motivations that are driving the development of new road users' connectivity, discussing the international intentions to mandate on board devices for V2X communication. We also go in depth with the enabling wireless access technologies, from IEEE 802.11p to short-range Cellular-V2X and other complementary technologies, such as visible light communication (VLC) and millimeterWaves, up to hybrid communication and 5G. We conclude our survey with some performance comparison in urban realistic scenarios, underlying that the choice of the future enabling technology is not so easy to predict and mostly depends on mandatory laws at the international level.
Compliance with osteoporosis treatment guidelines in postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND
Osteoporosis continues to be poorly managed despite compelling statistics indicating increased morbidity and mortality associated with fractures. Guideline compliance in individual practices must be evaluated to implement improvements in the care of patients with this disease state.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate compliance with osteoporosis treatment guidelines by physicians and patients at 2 family medicine clinics affiliated with a large university teaching hospital.


METHODS
Postmenopausal women 65 years of age or older with the ICD-9 diagnosis code 733.0 for osteoporosis during the study period between July 2006 and July 2007 were identified through the family medicine electronic medical record (EMR). Of 133 patients, 113 were eligible for inclusion. A retrospective chart review was conducted and prospective voluntary telephone surveys were administered. The EMR of each eligible patient was examined for presence of a baseline dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan as well as appropriate follow-up DXA monitoring, appropriateness of osteoporosis pharmacotherapy, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and fracture history. The telephone survey was used to assess the patients' calcium use, nonpharmacologic recommendations received, and fracture incidence after diagnosis of osteoporosis.


RESULTS
Of 113 patients diagnosed with osteoporosis, 68 of 82 (82.9%) had appropriate baseline DXA scans; however, only 9 (13.2%) of these 68 patients had appropriate follow-up scans every 2 years thereafter. Sixty-five (57.5%) patients were on Food and Drug Administration-approved, guideline-endorsed pharmacotherapy for osteoporosis. Thirty-five (70%) of the 50 participants in the telephone survey reported taking calcium regularly, and 41 (82%) patients recalled receiving some nonpharmacologic advice. Thirteen (26%) patients reported a fracture after diagnosis.


CONCLUSIONS
Osteoporosis care can be measurably improved at these clinics with use of baseline and appropriate follow-up DXA scans, increasing the number of patients who receive pharmacotherapy, and providing ongoing reinforcement of nonpharmacologic measures whereby bone health may be maintained.
A double-blind, randomized, dose-response study investigating the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the long-acting insulin analog detemir.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the pharmacodynamic profile and duration of action for five subcutaneous doses of insulin detemir (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 units/kg; 1 unit = 24 nmol) and one subcutaneous dose of NPH insulin (0.3 IU/kg; 1 IU = 6 nmol).


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This single-center, randomized, double-blind, six-period, crossover study was carried out as a 24-h isoglycemic clamp (7.2 mmol/l) in 12 type 1 diabetic patients.


RESULTS
Duration of action for insulin detemir was dose dependent and varied from 5.7, to 12.1, to 19.9, to 22.7, to 23.2 h for 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 units/kg, respectively. Interpolation of the dose-response relationships for AUC(GIR) (area under the glucose infusion rate curve) revealed that a detemir dose of 0.29 units/kg would provide the same effect as 0.3 IU/kg NPH but has a longer duration of action (16.9 vs. 12.7 h, respectively). Lower between-subject variability was observed for insulin detemir on duration of action (0.4 units/kg insulin detemir vs. 0.3 IU/kg NPH, P < 0.05) and GIR(max) (maximal glucose infusion rate) (0.2 and 0.4 units/kg insulin detemir vs. 0.3 IU/kg NPH, both P < 0.05). Assessment of endogenous glucose production (EGP) and peripheral glucose uptake (PGU) resulted in an AOC(EGP) (area over the EGP curve) of 636 mg/kg (95% CI 279-879) vs. 584 (323-846) and an AUC(PGU) (area under the PGU curve) of 173 (47-316) vs. 328 (39-617) for 0.29 units/kg detemir vs. 0.3 IU/kg NPH, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that insulin detemir provides a flat and protracted pharmacodynamic profile.
Thesis report

II Preface The final section of the Masters study program at Delft University of Technology consists of an individual thesis on a subject related to the student's specialization. This report is an overview of the results of an investigation on the thesis subject: New concept LNG Marine terminal; Hydrodynamics of a LNG carrier behind a detached breakwater. The research objective is the development of a simulation model that predicts the response of a moored LNG carrier in an exposed LNG marine terminal, as a function of the breakwater configuration and coast. During this investigation a graduation committee, consisting of the following persons, supervised all stages of the thesis work, for which I am very grateful; Prof.ir. H. Ligteringen (head of the committee), Dr.ir. Especially Wim van der Molen I would like to thank for his daily supervision and support during the past months. Due to his clear explanations on the subject and our coorporation, this thesis has been a very constructive and educational process. I also would like to thank Prof.dr.ir. J.A. Pinkster for the DELFRAC simulation results. Besides the graduation committee I would like to thank all those who have donated their time, energy and have given me advice, my family, and friends. Abstract As the worldwide gas market continues to grow and environmental concerns with respect to in-port unloading of gas have increased, there has been a boom of interest in new liquefied natural gas (LNG) import terminals in the past five years. For these terminals, which are more and more located in areas with hostile sea conditions, dedicated provisions are required to create sufficient shelter for the carriers. Proposals have been made to construct a marginal low crested breakwater parallel to the coast protecting a ship moored at a jetty close to the shore. For an optimal economic design of such an LNG marine terminal, the dimensions and orientation of the detached breakwater have to be optimized as a function of the weather related downtime of the moored LNG carrier. Doing so requires adequate simulation tools. However, for the combination of wave and ship motion, a link between an efficient wave simulation tool and a program for ship response calculations is not available at present. The research on ship behaviour has resulted in the development of various so-called six degrees of freedom (SDF) computer programs. These programs solve the equations of motion of a moored vessel for …