LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Is it possible to evaluate true prophylactic efficacy of antidepressants in severely ill patients with recurrent depression? Lessons from a placebo-controlled trial. The fifth trial of the Danish University Antidepressant Group (DUAG-5).

BACKGROUND
We compared citalopram and clomipramine against placebo with respect to recurrence prevention as opposed to relapse prevention in patients with recurrent depression, independently of any acute response to the test drug(s).


METHODS
Patients with recurrent depressive disorder with a current depressive episode of moderate to severe degree were recruited over a period of 6.5 years. After 6-15 months of routine open acute and continuation therapy, and a discontinuation/drug-free period of one month following sustained response (at least 3 consecutive monthly ratings with a HAM-D-17-score below 13), patients were randomised under double-blind conditions, with a follow-up period of 2 years. The major endpoint was recurrence (HAM-D-17-score of 16 or above).


RESULTS
A total of 307 patients were included in the open phase and 174 patients completed at least 6 months of treatment and achieved sustained response. Out of these, only 59 patients (34%) could be randomised to placebo (n=22), citalopram (n=19) or clomipramine (n=22), with protocol violation and/or non-consent being the major reasons for non-randomisation. There were no between-group differences in outcome; almost half of the randomised patients met the criterion for recurrence.


LIMITATIONS
The size of the randomised sample was considerably smaller than the planned size.


CONCLUSIONS
The high risk of drop out prior to randomisation among the eligible patients was presumably caused by an interaction between the study design and the study population. The findings suggest that long-term trial designs interposing a drug-free period prior to randomisation are not feasible and recommendable in severely ill patients.
Innovation and Growth : a survey of the empirical evidence

This paper surveys the empirical evidence on the link between innovation and economic growth in the light of New Growth Theory. It considers a number of different measures of innovation, such as R&D spending, patenting, and innovation counts, as well as the pervasive effect of technological spillovers between firms, industries, and countries. There are three main conclusions. The first is that innovation makes a significant contribution to growth. The second is that there are significant spillovers between countries, firms, and industries, and to a lesser extent from government-funded research. Third, that these spillovers tend to be localized, with foreign economies gaining significantly less from domestic innovation than other domestic firms. This suggests that although technological ‘catch-up’ may act to equalise productivity across countries, the process is likely to be slow and uncertain, and require substantial domestic innovative effort.
PERCEIVED LOCUS OF CAUSALITY AS A VARIABLE AFFECTING USE OF EMOTIONAL WORDS

Sammary.-The role of locus of causality (atmibution: self, none or other) and event outcome (success or failure) in the use of emotional words was addressed when 129 subjects rated 20 emotions in terms of how strongly they would feel them in 6 imaginary situations. Significant main effects were associated with outcome (for 17 words) and with locus of causalicy (10 words). The interaction of locus and outcome was also significant (5 times). Parallels are drawn between the dimensiom of attribution (including locus) and the dimensions of affective space. Russell ( 1778) provides convergent validity for two bipolar dimensions of affective space (the dimensional space used to describe emotional words). Evaluation (or Pleasantness) and Activation (or Arousal) are validated by references to past and present research. Subsequent to stringent efforts aimed at describing dimensions beyond Evaluation and Activation, Russell concludes that such additional dimensions are to be "interpreted as describing not the emotion per se but rather beliefs about the antecedents and consequences of the emotion." In another context, Russell and Pratt (1780) concluded that dimensions beyond Evaluation and Activation should not bear the label "affective" but should be considered as "cognitive" instead, bearing as they do on events surrounding the emotion and on the individual's interpretation of such events. The interpretations that surround events are considered important in attribution theory, where causal attribution (the answer to the question "why") is seen to interact with event outcomes (success, failure) and with emotional responses to the event (Forsyth & McMillan, 1781). Data from classroom sirnations bear out the value of Weiner's three-dimensional theory of attribution: locus of causality, stability, and controlability affect the emotional responses of subjects to test results (Forsyth & McMillan, 1781). The language used to describe the dimensions of attribution (locus of causality, stability, controlability) is very similar to the language used by Russell in describing candidates for the role of the third dimension in affective space (locus of control, locus of causation, dominance). The present experiment attempts to clarify, to some extent, the role of causal attribution in the use and understanding of emotional words. Causal attribution is not necessarily represented as a dimension in affective space. Rather, a set of emotional words is presented to subjects under different assumptions of event outcome and causal attribution. Systematic responses,
Aesthetic Refinements and Reoperative Procedures Following 370 Consecutive DIEP and SIEA Flap Breast Reconstructions: Important Considerations for Patient Consent

Breast reconstruction often requires multiple operations. In addition to potential complications requiring reoperation, additional procedures are frequently essential in order to complete the reconstructive process, with aesthetic outcome and breast symmetry shown to be the most important factors in patient satisfaction. Despite the importance of these reoperations in decision-making and the consent process, a thorough review of the need for such operations has not been definitively explored. A review of 370 consecutive autologous breast reconstructions (326 patients) was undertaken, comprising 365 deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flaps and 5 superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flaps. The need for additional procedures for either complications or aesthetic refinement following initial breast reconstruction was assessed. Overall, there was an average of 1.06 additional interventions for every patient carried out after primary reconstructive surgery. Of 326 patients, 46 underwent early postoperative operations for surgical complications (0.17 additional operations per patient as a consequence of complications). Procedures for aesthetic refinement included those performed on the reconstructed breast, contralateral breast, or abdominal donor site. Procedures for aesthetic refinement included nipple reconstruction, nipple–areola complex tattooing, dog-ear correction, liposuction, lipofilling, scar revision, mastopexy, and reduction mammaplasty. While DIEP flap surgery for breast reconstruction provides favorable results, patients frequently require additional procedures to improve aesthetic outcomes. The need for reoperation is an important part of the consent process prior to reconstructive surgery, and patients should recognize the likelihood of at least one additional procedure following initial reconstruction.
A Comparison of Genetic Programming and Genetic Algorithms for Auto-tuning Mobile Robot Motion Control

This paper discusses the use of genetic programming (GP) and genetic algorithms (GA) to evolve solutions to a problem in robot control. GP is seen as an intuitive evolutionary method while GAs require an extra layer of human intervention. The infrastructures for the different evolutionary approaches are compared.
No Room to "Lean In": A Qualitative Study on Gendered Barriers to Promotion and Leadership.

INTRODUCTION
The gender gap in professorship and leadership roles persists in academic medicine, whereas reasons for these disparities remain unclear.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Open-ended text responses to a 2013 faculty engagement survey were analyzed by using the grounded theory and consensual qualitative analysis techniques. The authors grouped 491 faculty's text responses into descriptive codes and three themes: (1) No Obstacles, (2) Barriers to Success, and (3) Concerns Regarding Processes. Demographics of codes were compared by using chi-square analysis.


RESULTS
Male faculty identified barriers that included negative views of leadership or leaders. Female faculty, especially those in clinical roles, expressed barriers related to role overload, including that the demands of their current positions prevented advancement or addition of further roles, no matter how desirable further roles may be. Women also shared that considerable self-promotion was required to receive acknowledgement of their work and support by leadership.


CONCLUSION
A proposed framework depicts male and female faculty's concerns on a continuum. No Obstacle and Process Concerns were relatively gender neutral, whereas large gender disparities occurred within the Barriers to Success theme. Women's barriers largely revolved around internal obstacles (I can't do any more), and men's barriers largely revolved around external factors (leaders are impeding my progress). Resources are needed to mitigate work overload specifically for female faculty, and to ensure that all faculty are both engaged in advanced career opportunities and encouraged to pursue leadership positions.
A general theory for inertial navigator error modeling

This paper presents a general theory for the development of error equations for an inertial navigator. A large space of possibilities is presented, based on how one defines the error parameters. For attitude, rotation vector parameterizations of the errors are introduced that are based on the difference between true can computed versions of each coordinate frame. Since these definitions are valid for large error angles, one can obtain general nonlinear equations for the psi- and phi-angle differential equations. These definitions are applicable to any mechanization and to either strapdown or platform navigators. This allows the development of general nonlinear formulas for the error dynamics, as well as new linear formulas using a different parameterization of the errors. There are two commonly used choices for the errors in position and velocity [1]; the more commonly used choice is to form the error as that of the true variable in the true frame less the computed variable in the computed frame. The alternate approach is one in which the error is the true variable less the computed variable, with both errors coordinatized in the computed frame. This latter approach gives new error equations not previously considered in the literature. Transformations between the new error parameterizations and the traditional ones are presented.
Universal Dependency Annotation for Multilingual Parsing

We present a new collection of treebanks with homogeneous syntactic dependency annotation for six languages: German, English, Swedish, Spanish, French and Korean. To show the usefulness of such a resource, we present a case study of crosslingual transfer parsing with more reliable evaluation than has been possible before. This ‘universal’ treebank is made freely available in order to facilitate research on multilingual dependency parsing.1
Bridging the Energy Efficiency Gap: Insights for Policy from Economic Theory and Empirical Analysis

The failure of consumers to make seemingly cost-effective investments in energy efficiency is commonly referred to as the energy efficiency gap. We review the most recent literature relevant to the energy efficiency gap and in particular discuss what the latest insights from behavioral economics might mean for the gap. We find that engineering studies may overestimate the size of the gap by failing to account for all costs and neglecting particular types of economic behavior. Nonetheless, empirical evidence suggests that market failures such as asymmetric information and agency problems affect efficiency decisions and contribute to the gap. Behavioral anomalies have been shown to affect economic decisionmaking in a variety of other contexts and are being increasingly cited as an explanation for the gap. The relative contributions of the various explanations for the gap differ across energy users and energy uses. This heterogeneity poses challenges for policymakers, but also could help elucidate when different policy interventions will most likely be cost-effective. If behavioral anomalies can be more cleanly linked to energy efficiency investments, then policymakers will face new challenges in performing welfare analysis of energy efficiency policies.
Impact of optical filtering on duobinary transmission

An experimental investigation into the effects of optical filtering on 10-Gb/s duobinary transmission is presented. It is found that duobinary transmission systems benefit substantially from narrow optical filtering at the receiver. A 2-3- dB Q improvement in amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise-limited performance is obtained by optimizing the optical filter bandwidth. The duobinary modulation is compared to nonreturn-to-zero modulation as a function of optical filter bandwidth in ASE noise-limited and dispersion-limited regimes.
The impact of greenways on property values: Evidence from Austin, Texas

The efFect of greenways on surrounding residential property values remains somewhat of an unknown quantity. Though several studies have ascertained that nearby residents tend to view greenways as positive or neutral amenities that increase or have no discernible impact on property values and saleability, these results are mostly based on anecdote rather than actual market data. Using the hedonic pricing method, this study demonstrates that greenways may indeed have significant positive impacts on proximate properties' sales prices. Adjacency to a greenbelt produced significant property value premiums in two of three neighborhoods. Physical access to a greenbelt had a significant, positive impact in one case, but was insignificant in two others. No negative greenway impacts were recorded.
Intergenerational Altruism and Neoclassical Growth Models

This paper surveys intergenerational altruism in neoclassical growth models. It first examines Barro's approach to intergenerational altruism, whereby successive generations are linked by recursive altruistic preferences. Individuals have an altruistic concern only for their children, who in turn also have altruistic feelings for their own children. The conditions under which the Ricardian equivalence (debt neutrality) theorem applies are specified. The effectiveness of fiscal policy is further analysed in the context of an economy populated by heterogeneous families differing with respect to their degree of intergenerational altruism. Other forms of altruism, referred to as ad hoc altruism, are also examined, along with their implications for fiscal policy. JEL Classification: E13, D64, E62, C60
A phase I study of 3-day topotecan and cisplatin in elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer

Purpose: The aim of this phase I study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) in elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Patients and methods: Patients aged over 75 years with previously untreated SCLC were enrolled in this study. Both topotecan and cisplatin were administered on days 1–3 and repeated every 3 weeks. The starting dose of topotecan was 0.5 mg/m2/day, while cisplatin was fixed at the dose of 20 mg/m2/day. Patients with limited disease (LD) SCLC received thoracic irradiation after the completion of chemotherapy. Results: Twenty-one elderly patients were enrolled in this study and received a total of 59 cycles. The major hematological toxicity was neutropenia and non-hematological toxicities including diarrhea were generally mild and reversible. The MTD of topotecan was determined as 1.2 mg/m2/day. The recommended phase II study dose of topotecan was determined as 1.0 mg/m2/day with cisplatin 20 mg/m2/day daily for 3 days. An objective response was observed in 6 of 10 patients (60%) with LD-SCLC and 6 of 11 (55%) with extensive disease (ED) SCLC. The median survival time in patients with LD-SCLC and those with ED-SCLC were 16.0 and 11.0 months, respectively. Conclusion: The combination chemotherapy of 3-day topotecan and cisplatin appears to be tolerable and effective in elderly patients with SCLC.
Analysing the classification of imbalanced data-sets with multiple classes: Binarization techniques and ad-hoc approaches

0950-7051/$ see front matter 2013 Elsevier B.V. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2013.01.018 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +34 953 213016; fax: E-mail addresses: alberto.fernandez@ujaen.es (A. ugr.es (V. López), mikel.galar@unavarra.es (M. Galar Jesus), herrera@decsai.ugr.es (F. Herrera). The imbalanced class problem is related to the real-world application of classification in engineering. It is characterised by a very different distribution of examples among the classes. The condition of multiple imbalanced classes is more restrictive when the aim of the final system is to obtain the most accurate precision for each of the concepts of the problem. The goal of this work is to provide a thorough experimental analysis that will allow us to determine the behaviour of the different approaches proposed in the specialised literature. First, we will make use of binarization schemes, i.e., one versus one and one versus all, in order to apply the standard approaches to solving binary class imbalanced problems. Second, we will apply several ad hoc procedures which have been designed for the scenario of imbalanced data-sets with multiple classes. This experimental study will include several well-known algorithms from the literature such as decision trees, support vector machines and instance-based learning, with the intention of obtaining global conclusions from different classification paradigms. The extracted findings will be supported by a statistical comparative analysis using more than 20 data-sets from the KEEL repository. 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Blood oxygen level dependent and adenosine-perfusion imaging correlates to invasive measurement of fractional flow reserve

Background It has been shown that blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is able to detect myocardial perfusion differences. However, validation of BOLD CMR against myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) is lacking. We sought to analyze the potential diagnostic accuracy of BOLD CMR in comparison to invasively measured FFR which served as the standard reference.
Interpreting "altmetrics": viewing acts on social media through the lens of citation and social theories

1. Introduction More than 30 years after Blaise Cronin's seminal paper (Cronin, 1981; see reprint in this book) the metrics community is once again in need of a new theory, this time one for so-called " altmetrics ". Altmetrics, short for alternative (to citation) metrics —and as such a misnomer— refers to a new group of metrics based (largely) on social media events relating to scholarly communication. The term originated on 29 September 2010 in a tweet by Jason Priem in which he uttered his preference for the word altmetrics in the context of various metrics provided for PLOS journal articles: " I like the term #articlelevelmetrics, but it fails to imply *diversity* of measures. Lately, I'm liking #altmetrics. " (Priem, 2010). Although Priem is responsible for coining the term, the idea of measuring broader scientific impact through the web and had been discussed by Cronin and others (e. see also Thelwall's chapter in this book) in the context of webometrics years before: Scholars may be cited formally, or merely mentioned en passant in listservs and others electronic discussion fora, or they may find that they have been included in reading lists or electronic syllabi. Polymorphous mentioning is likely to become a defining feature of Web-based scholarly communication. (Cronin et al., 1998) There will soon be a critical mass of web-based digital objects and usage statistics on which to Priem —co-author of the altmetrics manifesto (Priem, Taraborelli, Groth, & Neylon, 2010) and co-founder of ImpactStory 1 , an online tool aggregating various metrics on the researcher level— and colleagues argued that metrics based on 'traces' of use and production of scholarly output on social media platforms could help to improve scholarly communication and research evaluation. The term altmetrics was introduced out of the need to differentiate these new metrics from traditional citation-based indicators, which the altmetrics movement is seeking to replace or use as an alternative. The altmetrics manifesto and other work by Priem and colleagues appeal to the scientific community and research managers to " value 1 https://impactstory.org/ 2 all research products " (Piwowar, 2013), not just journal articles, and to measure impact in a broader sense by looking at more than just citations. The manifesto lists various sources of new metrics that would complement and replace traditional forms of publication, peer review, and citation analysis (Priem et al., 2010). Priem (2014) claimed that with scholarship moving online, former …
Repurchase intention in B2C e-commerce - A relationship quality perspective

Information systems professionals must pay attention to online customer retention. Drawing on the relationship marketing literature, we formulated and tested a model to explain B2C user repurchase intention from the perspective of relationship quality. The model was empirically tested through a survey conducted in Northern Ireland. Results showed that online relationship quality and perceived website usability positively impacted customer repurchase intention. Moreover, online relationship quality was positively influenced by perceived vendor expertise in order fulfillment, perceived vendor reputation, and perceived website usability, whereas distrust in vendor behavior negatively influenced online relationship quality. Implications of these findings are discussed. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. § This work was partially supported by Strategic Research Grant at City University of Hong Kong, China (No. CityU 7002521), and the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 70773008). * Corresponding author at: P7722, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Tel.: +852 27887492; fax: +852 34420370. E-mail address: ylfang@cityu.edu.hk (Y. Fang).