LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A compact design of switched line phase shifter for a microstrip phased array antenna

This paper presents a 1×4 microstrip Phased Array Antenna (PAA) with a uniquely designed switch line phase shifter to obtain steerable beam pattern. The antenna is designed on a Rogers RT/Duroid 6006TM dielectric substrate with a relative permittivity of 6.15. Each element of the probe fed PAA are connected to a phase shifter on a different dielectric substrate. The phase shifter has four equal length microstrip lines placed on a circular fashion around a via that connects the antenna. The circular phase shifter network feeds the antenna through the via at the center. This design is useful if a phase shifter must be integrated with an antenna in a tight space. A diode switch is placed between the microstrip traces to change the length of the transmission line. An addition of each transmission line provides a phase shift of 90°. The Arduino controlled switches can be turned ON and OFF to steer the antenna beam pattern. The maximum steering angle obtained was ±45°. The antenna is appropriate for Wi-Fi application that requires directional beam pattern, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communications, scanning radar, and other applications requiring steerable beam pattern.
Unsupervised Learning of 3D Structure from Images

A key goal of computer vision is to recover the underlying 3D structure from 2D observations of the world. In this paper we learn strong deep generative models of 3D structures, and recover these structures from 3D and 2D images via probabilistic inference. We demonstrate high-quality samples and report log-likelihoods on several datasets, including ShapeNet [2], and establish the first benchmarks in the literature. We also show how these models and their inference networks can be trained end-to-end from 2D images. This demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of learning to infer 3D representations of the world in a purely unsupervised manner.
Deep learning for sentiment analysis: A survey

Deep learning has emerged as a powerful machine learning technique that learns multiple layers of representations or features of the data and produces state-of-the-art prediction results. Along with the success of deep learning in many other application domains, deep learning is also popularly used in sentiment analysis in recent years. This paper first gives an overview of deep learning and then provides a comprehensive survey of its current applications in sentiment analysis.
Effect of a high-density foam seating wedge on back pain intensity when used by 14 to 16-year-old school students: a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES
No previous randomised controlled trials had been undertaken investigating the effect of school seating on back pain in 14 to 16 year olds. This study was designed to test the effect of the use of a high-density foam wedge on normal school seating on the intensity of back pain.


DESIGN
Randomised controlled trial.


SETTING
Suffolk, a predominantly rural county in eastern England.


PARTICIPANTS
One hundred and eighty-five students with back pain were recruited from 12 schools. Randomisation was stratified by school. The control and intervention groups included 92 and 83 students, respectively.


INTERVENTION
Following a 1-week baseline observation period, each student in the intervention group was given a wedge to use on their school chairs.


OUTCOME MEASURE
The primary outcome measure was pain intensity (numerical rating scale, 0 to 10) recorded in pain diaries over 4 weeks. Random effects models were used to analyse the pain intensity data.


RESULTS
Ninety-seven students (46 control group, 51 intervention group) completed the trial. For the intervention group, pain intensity was reduced significantly over the 3 weeks of wedge use. The average reduction in pain intensity was estimated to be 0.709 points (95% confidence interval 0.341 to 1.077), representing a 58% reduction in back pain for those in the intervention group.


CONCLUSION
Use of a wedge reduced the intensity of back pain significantly, especially in the evenings. The results suggest that further research into the longer-term effect of seating on pain intensity in adolescents should be considered.
FUNCTORIAL ASPECTSOF THE SPACE OF GENERALIZED CONNECTIONS

We give a description of the category structure of the space of generalized connections, an extension of the space of connections that plays a central role in loop quantum gravity.
The Aesthetics of Education: Theatre, Curiosity, and Politics in the Work of Jacques Ranciere and Paulo Freire

Table of Contents Introduction: The Aesthetics of Education Chapter One: From Stultification to Emancipation: Althusser avec Ranciere Chapter Two: Aesthetic Forms: Teaching, Theatre, and Democracy Chapter Three: The Beautiful and the Sublime in the Pedagogy of the Oppressed Intermission: Equality, Freedom, and Emancipation: A Case for Pedagogical Dramaturgy Chapter Four: The Aesthetics of Curiosity Chapter Five: The Knowledge of Ignorance Chapter Six: The Future of the Image in Critical Pedagogy Chapter Seven: Freire's Last Laugh Conclusion: Death and Democracy in Education: Freire's Easter.
Generating Non-linear Narrative for Serious Games with Scenario Templates

Complex social interactions between NPC’s and players in a serious game remains a challenge. Standard game engines are focused on a game world with a fixed set of rules and linear gameplay. The problem is compounded by the unfamiliarity of many researchers with the basic structure and technicalities of a serious game. In this paper we propose a method to use linear scenario elements as templates for the generation of a non-linear narrative. We implement this method by creating an extra layer on top of the existing ATTAC-L modeling language which is a tool for developing virtual interactive scenarios. Users are thus presented with a language that offers limited flow control and simplifies the authoring process for the creation of scenario elements. Our method uses these existing scenario elements together with metadata, and fills in the templated elements with the contextual information of the current game state. By separating scenario concerns from non-linear narrative concerns, we hope to make it easier to develop interesting non-linear serious games that still conform to the requirements of evidence-based serious game research.
JDoc60 series: information research over six decades

The aim of this work is to explore, and characterise the transition types used to tell stories through information visualization. This was done by qualitatively coding the dataset of VAST challenge videos over the last four years based on the McCloud taxonomy of transition types in comics [1, 2] after refining the model and redefining its components. 1. MOMENT-TO-MOMENT 2. ACTION-TO-ACTION 3. SUBJECT-TO-SUBJECT 4. SCENE-TO-SCENE 5. ASPECT-TO-ASPECT 6. NON-SEQUITUR McCloud Taxonomy of Panel-to-Panel Transitions in Comics Refinement of McCloud Taxonomy A subject is an entity/actor that does something in the story. For example, an employee, or an IP address. An action could be related to how the analyst(s) interacted with the data/tool (Action Type 1), or actions that represent part of the scenario (Action Type 2). If a video was divided into sub-topics, each sub-topic was considered a a scene. A group of story units that lead to a finding is also considered a scene. An Aspect-toAspect transition occurs when the visual representations, or applications changed from a story unit to another to look at the data from different angles. For example, between map view and timeline. Finally, a moment is a point of time in the story. (a) A transition diagram showing nested grouping of aspects in the first part. (VAST 2009MC2giCentre, City University London) (b) A transition diagram showing the occurrence of an Action-toAction transition between two actions that represent part of the data/scenario (Action Type 2). (VAST 2011MC2University of Konstanz). (c) A transition diagram showing the occurrence of a Scene-to-Scene transition between a group of story units and the finding/conclusion drawn from this group. (VAST 2010MC1Georgia Institute of Technology) (d) A transition diagram showing a delayed transition and emerging of finding at the end of a long series of actions. (VAST 2010MC1giCentre, City University London) Sample Transition Diagrams and Observations. Future Work The next step after coding the videos is to look at all generated diagrams and analyse them by investigating different factors, such as the nature of the task/data, award winners, etc. References [1] S. McCloud. Understanding Comics. A Kitchen Sink book. Harper-Collins, 1994. [2] S. McCloud. Making Comics. HarperCollins, 2011. Contact Donia.Badawood.1@city.ac.uk
The plant microbiome

Plant genomes contribute to the structure and function of the plant microbiome, a key determinant of plant health and productivity. High-throughput technologies are revealing interactions between these complex communities and their hosts in unprecedented detail.
Intravenous Paracetamol for Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic
Cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND
Although opioids are the main choice for acute postoperative pain control, many side effects have been reported for them. NSAIDs and paracetamol have been used extensively as alternatives, and it seems that they are more effective for minor to moderate pain control postoperatively when have been used alone or in combination with opioids. As laparoscopic cholecystectomy poses moderate pain postoperatively, this study was planned to assess whether paracetamol is able to provide effective analgesia as a sole analgesic at least in the first few hours post operatively.


OBJECTIVES
We evaluated the effect of intravenous Paracetamol on postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
This is a randomized double- blind clinical trial study. 30 patients ASA class I, aged 18 to 50 years, candidate for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were recruited, and randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A (paracetamol group) received 1 gr paracetamol and group B received placebo ten minutes after the induction of anesthesia. 0.1 mg/Kg Morphine was administered intravenously based on patients compliant and pain score >3. Pain score and the opioids consumption were recorded in the first six hours postoperative. Patient's pain was measured by the VAS (Visual Analog Scale).


RESULTS
The pain score was lower in group A (P= 0.01), but the morphine consumption showed no significant difference between the groups (P= 0.24) during the first 6 hours postoperatively.


CONCLUSIONS
Although paracetamol (1gr) has caused a better pain relief quality but it is not a suitable analgesic for moderate pain control in acute phase after surgery alone.
A Mixed Trigrams Approach for Context Sensitive Spell Checking

The paper addresses the problem of real-word spell checking, i.e., the detection and correction of typos that result in real words of the target language. The paper proposes a methodology based on a mixed trigrams language model. Davide Fossati, Barbara Di Eugenio Spell Checking Introduction A Mixed Trigrams Approach Experimental settings Experimental results Conclusion Introduction Spell checking is the process of finding misspelled words in a written text, and possibly correcting them. We can classify spelling errors in two main groups: Non-word errors, which are spelling errors that result in words that do not exist in the language. E.g. “The bok was on the table.” Real-word errors are errors that by chance end up as actual words. E.g. “I saw tree tress in the park.” Detecting and correcting real-word errors is the main focus of the paper. Davide Fossati, Barbara Di Eugenio Spell Checking Introduction A Mixed Trigrams Approach Experimental settings Experimental results Conclusion Approaches Different approaches to real-word spell checking are present in the literature, e.g. Symbolic approaches check for grammatical anomalies. Statistical methods using n-gram models, PoS tagging, e.t.c. Davide Fossati, Barbara Di Eugenio Spell Checking Introduction A Mixed Trigrams Approach Experimental settings Experimental results Conclusion Problems with statistical methods The problem with statistical methods using only n-grams is the data sparseness problem. PoS methods suffer less from sparseness problems, but are unable to detect misspelled that are of the same part of speech. Davide Fossati, Barbara Di Eugenio Spell Checking Introduction A Mixed Trigrams Approach Experimental settings Experimental results Conclusion Mixed Trigrams Confusion set Levensthein Distance Method
Consumer Evaluations of Brand Extension : The Impact of Brand Relationship Quality and Naming Strategy

This study explores the impact of brand relationship quality and brand naming strategies on the success of brand extensions. The authors present the results of an experiment based on a 2x2x2 between-subjects design, where the following three independent variables are considered: the category fit between the products involved in the extension decision (high vs. low), the naming strategy chosen for the new product (parent brand vs. sub-brand prominence), and the level of brand relationship quality (high vs. low). The dependent variable is the consumers’ evaluation of brand extension. The findings suggest that when brand relationship quality is high consumers evaluate the extension more favourably, no matter the level of category fit. When category fit is high (low) and brand relationship quality is high, however, evaluations of the extension are enhanced if the parentbrand name (sub-brand) is more prominent. If brand relationship quality is low, brand naming strategy does not affect consumers’ evaluation.
Extended Transconjunctival Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty with Release of the Tear Trough Ligament and Fat Redistribution.

BACKGROUND
The transconjunctival lower eyelid blepharoplasty is advantageous for its quick recovery and low complication rates. Conventional techniques rely on fat removal to contour the lower eyelid. This article describes the authors' extended transconjunctival lower eyelid blepharoplasty technique that takes dissection beyond the orbital rim to address aging changes on the midcheek.


METHODS
From December of 2012 to December of 2015, 54 patients underwent this procedure. Through a transconjunctival incision, the preseptal space was entered and excess orbital fat pads were excised. Medially, the origins of the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi, the tear trough ligament, and orbital part of the orbicularis oculi were sequentially released, connecting the dissection with the premaxillary space. More laterally, the orbicularis retaining ligament was released, connecting the dissection with the prezygomatic space. Excised orbital fat was then grafted under the released tear trough ligament to correct the tear trough deformity. When the patients had significant maxillary retrusion, structural fat grafting was performed at the same time.


RESULTS
The mean follow-up was 10 months. High satisfaction was noted among the patients treated with this technique. The revision rate was 2 percent. Complication rates were low. No chemosis, prolonged swelling, lower eyelid retraction, or ectropion was seen in any patients.


CONCLUSION
The extended transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty using the midcheek soft-tissue spaces is a safe and effective approach for treating patients presenting with eye bags and tear trough deformity.


CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, V.
Breathlessness in cancer patients - implications, management and challenges.

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW
Breathlessness in patients with advanced cancer is common. It remains a difficult symptom to improve despite recent advances in cancer treatment and the increasing evidence available. Patients and carers experience a high level of distress from this frightening symptom. There is a greater volume of evidence to guide the management of breathlessness accompanying advanced non-malignant disease, as opposed to malignant disease, as most research has been conducted in this group. This article reviews the management of breathlessness in patients with cancer.


METHODS
A systematic review of the literature in this area was completed. The results of the research work carried out by co-authors were also reviewed. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library. This search strategy was supplemented by hand-searching references in relevant palliative care text books and by searching relevant websites.


KEY RESULTS
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures to alleviate breathlessness are discussed in this paper. Non-pharmacological approaches are discussed in detail as these are currently the most effective for the greatest number of patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The cause of breathlessness in advanced cancer patients is usually multifactorial. A combination of pharmacological with non-pharmacological approaches is essential to manage breathlessness. Breathlessness services (e.g. Breathlessness Intervention Service) can be considered to be innovative and effective models of care when provided as part of a network of services aimed at helping patients with advanced cardiorespiratory disease, including patients with advanced cancer.
Efflux genes and active efflux activity detection in Malaysian clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Efflux-mediated resistance has been recognized as an important contributor of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, especially in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. This study was carried out to detect and analyze efflux genes (norA and mdeA) and active efflux activity in a collection of Malaysian MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) clinical isolates. Nineteen isolates including three ATCC S. aureus reference strains were subjected to PCR detection and DNA sequence analysis for norA and mdeA and active efflux detection using modified minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. From the 19 isolates, 18 isolates harboured the mdeA gene while 16 isolates contained norA gene. DNA sequence analysis reveals 98-100% correlation between the PCR product and the published DNA sequences in GenBank. In addition, 16 isolates exhibited active efflux activity using the ethidium bromide (EtBr)-reserpine combination MIC assay. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection of efflux genes and active efflux activity amongst Malaysian clinical isolates of MRSA/MSSA. Detection of active efflux activity may explain the previous report on efflux-mediated drug resistance profile amongst the local clinical isolates.
Characterization of 3D surface topography in 5-axis milling

Within the context of 5-axis free-form machining, CAM software offers various modes of tool-path generation, depending on the geometry of the surface to be machined. Therefore, as the manufactured surface quality results from the choice of the machining strategy and machining parameters, the prediction of surface roughness in function of the machining conditions is an important issue in 5-axis machining. The objective of this paper is to propose a simulation model of material removal in 5axis based on the N-buffer method and integrating the Inverse Kinematics Transformation. The tooth track is linked to the velocity giving the surface topography resulting from actual machining conditions. The model is assessed thanks to a series of sweeping over planes according to various tool axis orientations and cutting conditions. 3D surface topography analyses are performed through the new 3D roughness parameters proposed by recent standards.
Statistical issues in the validation of prognostic, predictive, and surrogate biomarkers.

BACKGROUND
Biomarkers have many distinct purposes, and depending on their intended use, the validation process varies substantially.


PURPOSE
The goal of this article is to provide an introduction to the topic of biomarkers, and then to discuss three specific types of biomarkers, namely, prognostic, predictive, and surrogate.


RESULTS
A principle challenge for biomarker validation from a statistical perspective is the issue of multiplicity. In general, the solution to this multiplicity challenge is well known to statisticians: pre-specification and replication. Critical requirements for prognostic marker validation include uniform treatment, complete follow-up, unbiased case selection, and complete ascertainment of the many possible confounders that exist in the context of an observational sample. In the case of predictive biomarker validation, observational data are clearly inadequate and randomized controlled trials are mandatory. Within the context of randomization, strategies for predictive marker validation can be grouped into two categories: retrospective versus prospective validation. The critical validation criteria for a surrogate endpoint is to ensure that if a trial uses a surrogate endpoint, the trial will result in the same inferences as if the trial had observed the true endpoint. The field of surrogate endpoint validation has now moved to the multi-trial or meta-analytic setting as the preferred method.


CONCLUSIONS
Biomarkers are a highly active research area. For all biomarker developmental and validation studies, the importance of fundamental statistical concepts remains the following: pre-specification of hypotheses, randomization, and replication. Further statistical methodology research in this area is clearly needed as we move forward.
The visual fields of two ground-foraging birds, House Finches and House Sparrows, allow for simultaneous foraging and anti-predator vigilance: Visual fields of ground foraging birds

In birds, differences in the extent and position of the binocular visual field reflect adaptations to varying foraging strategies, and the extent of the lateral portion of the field may reflect anti-predator strategies. The goal of this study was to describe and compare the visual fields of two ground-foraging passerines, House Finch Carpodacus mexicanus and House Sparrow Passer domesticus . We found that both species have a binocular field type that is associated with the accurate control of bill position when pecking. Both species have eye movements of relatively large amplitude, which can produce substantial variations in the configuration of the binocular fields. We propose that in these ground foragers, their relatively wide binocular fields could function to increase foraging efficiency by locating multiple rather than single food items prior to pecking events. The lateral fields of both species are wide enough to facilitate the detection of predators or conspecifics while head-down foraging. This suggests that foraging and scanning are not mutually exclusive activities in these species, as previously assumed. Furthermore, we found some slight, but significant, differences between species: House Sparrow binocular fields are both wider and vertically taller, and the blind area is wider than in House Finches. These differences may be related to variations in the degree of eye movements and position of the orbits in the skull.
Polygonal chain intersection

In order to find all intersections among polygonal chains, this paper presents a procedure consisting of two phases: (1) splitting polygonal chains into a minimal number of monotone chains and (2) finding intersections among the monotone chains. For the first phase, we suggest an optimal algorithm splitting polygonal chains into a minimal number of monotone chains, with an Oðn þ r log rÞ time complexity, where n is the number of line-segments in the polygonal chains and r is the number of C-subchains. For the second phase, we extend Bentley–Ottmann’s sweep-line algorithm and the time complexity is Oððn þ kÞlog mÞ; where k is the number of intersections, and m is the minimal number of monotone chains. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.