LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Motivational effects of opiates in conditioned place preference and aversion paradigm—a study in three inbred strains of mice

Interstrain differences in the motivational properties of morphine and heroin have been previously reported in mice, suggesting the involvement of a genotype-dependent modulation of the rewarding effects of opiates. Yet, interstrain differences in the motivational effects of naloxone have not been described. The aim of our study was to examine genotype modulation of the motivational effects of opiates in inbred stains of mice with known, distinct, opiate-induced phenotypes, and morphine-induced striatal transcriptional responses. We studied the rewarding properties of morphine (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg i.p.) and heroin (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg i.p.) in conditioned place preference (CPP) as well as the aversive properties of naloxone (1, 10, and 20 mg/kg i.p.) in the conditioned place aversion (CPA) paradigm in C57Bl/6J (C57), DBA/2J (DBA), and SWR/J (SWR) inbred strains of mice. Our results show that morphine and heroin as well as naloxone induce CPP and CPA, respectively, in a genotype- and dose-dependent manner in these studied inbred strains of mice. Interestingly, C57 mice are the most sensitive in the case of the rewarding properties of morphine and heroin but are the least sensitive to the aversive effects of naloxone, whereas the DBA strain exhibit the opposite behavioral effects. We suggest that motivational homeostasis can be modulated by mu opioid receptors in mice, with the C57 mice representing a genotype that is more sensitive to processes related to rewards, whereas the genotype of DBA is more sensitive to aversion.
Effect of volume in interfacial reaction between eutectic Sn-Pb solder and Cu metallization in microelectronic packaging

Eutectic Sn–Pb is historically the most important solder alloy, thus its reactions will serve as relevant references for Pb-free solder substitutes . Here, an investigation has been carried out to compare the dissolution kinetics of the Cu pad of the ball grid array (BGA) substrate with the molten conventional eutectic Sn–Pb solder having different volumes. BGA solder ball of 760 and 500 m of diameter were used on the Cu pad having a circular area with a diameter of 650 m. A scanning electron microscope was used to measure the consumed thickness of Cu and also the thickness of the intermetallic compound. The soldering reaction was carried out at 190, 200 and 210 ◦C for 1, 5, 10 and 20 min. The Cu consumption was much higher for the Sn–Pb solder with higher volume. On the other hand, the mean thickness of the intermetallics for solder with smaller volume was thicker than that of the bigger solder balls. No significant difference was observed of solder volume on the ripening/coarsening flux of soldering reaction. Cu 3Sn compound was also observed at the interface in between Cu 6Sn5 IMCs and Cu substrate for longer reflow for the smaller solder balls. Larger Cu 6Sn5 IMCs are observed in the bulk of the solder with bigger volume. © 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Novel Sensing Approach for LPG Leakage Detection: Part I—Operating Mechanism and Preliminary Results

Gas sensing technology has been among the topical research work for quite some time. This paper showcases the research done on the detection mechanism of leakage of domestic cooking gas at ambient conditions. Micro-electro mechanical systems-based interdigital sensors were fabricated on oxidized single-crystal silicon surfaces by the maskless photolithography technique. The electrochemical impedance analysis of these sensors was done to detect liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) with and without coated particles of tin oxide (SnO2) in form of a thin layer. A thin film of SnO2 was spin-coated on the sensing surface of the interdigital sensor to induce selectivity to LPG that consists of a 60/40 mixture of propane and butane, respectively. This paper reports a novel strategy for gas detection under ambient temperature and humidity conditions. The response time of the coated sensor was encouraging and own a promising potential to the development of a complete efficient gas sensing system.
On the Definition of Cyber-Physical Resilience in Power Systems

Modern society relies heavily upon complex and widespread electric grids. In recent years, advanced sensors, intelligent automation, communication networks, and information technologies (IT) have been integrated into the electric grid to enhance its performance and efficiency. Integrating these new technologies has resulted in more interconnections and interdependencies between the physical and cyber components of the grid. Natural disasters and man-made perturbations have begun to threaten grid integrity more often. Urban infrastructure networks are highly reliant on the electric grid and consequently, the vulnerability of infrastructure networks to electric grid outages is becoming a major global concern. In order to minimize the economic, social, and political impacts of large-scale power system outages, the grid must be resilient in addition of being robust and reliable. The concept of a power system’s cyber-physical resilience centers around maintaining critical functionality of the system backbone in the presence of unexpected extreme disturbances. Resilience is a multidimensional property of the electric grid; it requires managing disturbances originating from physical component failures, cyber component malfunctions, and human attacks. In the electric grid community, there is not a clear and universally accepted definition of cyber-physical resilience. This paper focuses on the definition of resilience for the electric grid and reviews key concepts related to system resilience. This paper aims to advance the field not only by adding cyber-physical resilience concepts to power systems vocabulary, but also by proposing a new way of thinking about grid operation with unexpected extreme disturbances and hazards and leveraging distributed energy resources. The concepts of service availability and quality are not new, but many recognize the need of resilience in maintaining essential services to critical loads, for example to allow home refrigerators to operate for food conservation in the aftermath of a hurricane landfall. By providing a comprehensive definition of power system resilience, this paper paves the way for creating appropriate and effective resilience standards and metrics. & 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Neuroendocrine regulation of appetitive ingestive behavior

Food availability in nature is often irregular, and famine is commonplace. Increased motivation to engage in ingestive behaviors increases the chance of survival, providing additional potential opportunities for reproduction. Because of the advantages conferred by entraining ingestive behavior to environmental conditions, neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating the motivation to acquire and ingest food have evolved to be responsive to exogenous (i.e., food stored for future consumption) and endogenous (i.e., body fat stores) fuel availability. Motivated behaviors like eating occur in two phases. The appetitive phase brings animals into contact with food (e.g., foraging, food hoarding), and the more reflexive consummatory phase results in ingestion (e.g., chewing, swallowing). Quantifiable appetitive behaviors are part of the natural ingestive behavioral repertoire of species such as hamsters and humans. This review summarizes current knowledge about neuroendocrine regulators of ingestive behavior, with an emphasis appetitive behavior. We will discuss hormonal regulators of appetitive ingestive behaviors, including the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, which potently stimulates foraging and food hoarding in Siberian hamsters. This section includes a discussion of the hormone leptin, its relation to endogenous fat stores, and its role in food deprivation-induced increases in appetitive ingestive behaviors. Next, we discuss how hormonal regulators interact with neurotransmitters involved in the regulation of ingestive behaviors, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related protein (AgRP) and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), to regulate ingestive behavior. Finally, we discuss the potential impact that perinatal nutrient availability can have on the neuroendocrine regulation of ingestive behavior. Understanding the hormonal mechanisms that connect metabolic fuel availability to central appetite regulatory circuits should provide a better understanding of the neuroendocrine regulation of the motivation to engage in ingestive behavior.
Trastuzumab beyond progression: overall survival analysis of the GBG 26/BIG 3-05 phase III study in HER2-positive breast cancer.

BACKGROUND
Continuation of trastuzumab plus capecitabine (XH) showed a significantly improved overall response rate and time to progression compared with capecitabine (X) alone in women with HER2-positive breast cancer progressing during trastuzumab treatment. Here, we report the final analysis on overall survival.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with HER2-positive, advanced breast cancer who progressed during treatment with trastuzumab with or without 1st-line metastatic chemotherapy were prospectively randomised to X (2500mg/m(2) on days 1-14, q3w) or XH (6 (8)mg/kg, q3w). Overall survival was a pre-specified secondary end-point.


RESULTS
Median follow-up at June 2010 was 20.7months. Fifty nine of 74 and 60 of 77 patients died in the X and XH arm, respectively. Median overall survival was 20.6 and 24.9months with X and XH, respectively (HR=0.94 [0.65-1.35]; p=0.73). Performance status and metastatic site were independent prognosticators for overall survival. No difference between treatment arms was observed for patients who achieved clinical response or clinical benefit, respectively. Patients who continued/restarted anti-HER2 treatment (trastuzumab or lapatinib) after 2nd progression (N=52) had a post-progression survival of 18.8 compared with 13.3months for those who did not receive 3rd line treatment with anti-HER2 agents (N=88) (HR 0.63; p=0.02).


CONCLUSIONS
Final overall survival analysis of the GBG-26 study did not demonstrate a significant survival benefit for treatment beyond progression with trastuzumab. However, in a post-hoc analysis, patients receiving anti-HER2 treatment as 3rd line therapy showed a better post-progression survival than those not receiving this targeted treatment.
Learning and example selection for object and pattern detection

This thesis presents a learning based approach for detecting classes of objects and patterns with variable image appearance but highly predictable image boundaries. It consists of two parts. In part one, we introduce our object and pattern detection approach using a concrete human face detection example. The approach rst builds a distribution-based model of the target pattern class in an appropriate feature space to describe the target's variable image appearance. It then learns from examples a similarity measure for matching new patterns against the distribution-based target model. The approach makes few assumptions about the target pattern class and should therefore be fairly general, as long as the target class has predictable image boundaries. Because our object and pattern detection approach is very much learning-based, how well a system eventually performs depends heavily on the quality of training examples it receives. The second part of this thesis looks at how one can select high quality examples for function approximation learning tasks. We propose an active learning formulation for function approximation, and show for three speci c approximation function classes, that the active example selection strategy learns its target with fewer data samples than random sampling. We then simplify the original active learning formulation, and show how it leads to a tractable example selection paradigm, suitable for use in many object and pattern detection problems. Copyright c Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995 This report describes research done at the Arti cial Intelligence Laboratory and within the Center for Biological and Computational Learning. This research is sponsored by grants from the O ce of Naval Research under contracts N00014-91-J-1270 and N00014-92-J-1879; by a grant from the National Science Foundation under contract ASC-9217041. Support for the A.I. Laboratory's arti cial intelligence research is provided by ONR contract N00014-91-J-4038. Learning and Example Selection for Object and Pattern Detection
Monitoring Fatigue During the In-Season Competitive Phase in Elite Soccer Players.

PURPOSE
To quantify the relationship between daily training load and a range of potential measures of fatigue in elite soccer players during an in-season competitive phase (17 d).


METHODS
Total high-intensity-running (THIR) distance, perceived ratings of wellness (fatigue, muscle soreness, sleep quality), countermovement-jump height (CMJ), postexercise heart-rate recovery (HRR), and heart-rate variability (Ln rMSSD) were analyzed during an in-season competitive period (17 d). General linear models were used to evaluate the influence of daily fluctuation in THIR distance on potential fatigue variables.


RESULTS
Fluctuations in fatigue (r = -.51, large, P < .001), Ln rMSSD (r = -.24, small, P = .04), and CMJ (r = .23, small, P = .04) were significantly correlated with fluctuations in THIR distance. Correlations between variability in muscle soreness, sleep quality, and HRR and THIR distance were negligible and not statistically significant.


CONCLUSIONS
Perceived ratings of fatigue and Ln rMSSD were sensitive to daily fluctuations in THIR distance in a sample of elite soccer players. Therefore, these particular markers show promise as simple, noninvasive assessments of fatigue status in elite soccer players during a short in-season competitive phase.
In-vehicle communication networks-a historical perspective and review ∗

The use of networks for communications between the Electronic Control Units (ECU) of a vehicle in production cars dates from the beginning of the 90s. The speci c requirements of the di erent car domains have led to the development of a large number of automotive networks such as LIN, CAN, CAN FD, FlexRay, MOST, automotive Ethernet AVB, etc.. This report rst introduces the context of in-vehicle embedded systems and, in particular, the requirements imposed on the communication systems. Then, a review of the most widely used, as well as the emerging automotive networks is given. Next, the current e orts of the automotive industry on middleware technologies which may be of great help in mastering the heterogeneity, are reviewed, with a special focus on the proposals of the AUTOSAR consortium. Finally, we highlight future trends in the development of automotive communication systems. ∗This technical report is an updated version of two earlier review papers on automotive networks: N. Navet, Y.-Q. Song, F. Simonot-Lion, C. Wilwert, "Trends in Automotive Communication Systems", Proceedings of the IEEE, special issue on Industrial Communications Systems, vol 96, no6, pp1204-1223, June 2005 [66]. An updated version of this IEEE Proceedings then appeared as chapter 4 in The Automotive Embedded Systems Handbook in 2008 [62].
Antecedents of Information and System Quality: An Empirical Examination Within the Context of Data Warehousing

Understanding the successful adoption of information technology is largely based upon understanding the linkages among quality, satisfaction, and usage. Although the satisfaction and usage constructs have been well studied in the information systems literature, there has been only limited attention to information and system quality over the past decade. To address this shortcoming, we developed a model consisting of nine fundamental determinants of quality in an information technology context, four under the rubric of information quality (the output of an information system) and five that describe system quality (the infonnation processing system required to produce the output). We then empirically examined the aptness of our model using a sample of 465 data warehouse users from seven different organizations that employed report-based, query-based, and analytical business intelligence tools. The results suggest that our determinants are indeed predictive of overall information and system quality in data warehouse environments, and that our model strikes a balance between comprehensiveness and parsimony. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for both theory and the development and implementation of information technology applications in practice. Journal of Management Information Systems / Sprm% 2005, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 199-235. © 2005 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. Om-nil 12005 $9.50 + 0.00. 200 NELSON, TODD, AND WIXOM
Application of Taguchi methods and ANOVA in optimization of process parameters for metal removal rate in electrochemical machining of Al/5%SiC composites

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are now gaining their usage in aerospace, automotive and biomedical industries because of their inherent properties like high strength to weight ratio, low wear rate etc. To machine these types of materials conventional machining methods are unsuitable because of high tool wear and tooling cost. Electrochemical Machining (ECM) is one of the important non-traditional machining processes, which is used for machining of electrically conducting, difficult-to-machine materials and intricate profiles. In the present work LM6 Al/5%SiC composites, which are fabricated by stir casting route, were machined by ECM process. The influence of the various process parameters, i.e. voltage, feed rate and electrolyte concentration on the predominant machining criteria, i.e. the metal removal rate (MRR) was studied. The settings of the process parameters were determined by using Taguchi’s experimental design method. Orthogonal arrays of Taguchi, the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, the analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression analyses are employed to find the optimal process parameter levels and to analyze the effect of these parameters on metal removal rate values. Confirmation test with the optimal levels of machining parameters was carried out in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the Taguchi optimization method.
A haptic-robotic platform for upper-limb reaching stroke therapy: Preliminary design and evaluation results

It has been shown that intense training can significantly improve post-stroke upper-limb functionality. However, opportunities for stroke survivors to practice rehabilitation exercises can be limited because of the finite availability of therapists and equipment. This paper presents a haptic-enabled exercise platform intended to assist therapists and moderate-level stroke survivors perform upper-limb reaching motion therapy. This work extends on existing knowledge by presenting: 1) an anthropometrically-inspired design that maximizes elbow and shoulder range of motions during exercise; 2) an unobtrusive upper body postural sensing system; and 3) a vibratory elbow stimulation device to encourage muscle movement. A multi-disciplinary team of professionals were involved in identifying the rehabilitation needs of stroke survivors incorporating these into a prototype device. The prototype system consisted of an exercise device, postural sensors, and a elbow stimulation to encourage the reaching movement. Eight experienced physical and occupational therapists participated in a pilot study exploring the usability of the prototype. Each therapist attended two sessions of one hour each to test and evaluate the proposed system. Feedback about the device was obtained through an administered questionnaire and combined with quantitative data. Seven of the nine questions regarding the haptic exercise device scored higher than 3.0 (somewhat good) out of 4.0 (good). The postural sensors detected 93 of 96 (97%) therapist-simulated abnormal postures and correctly ignored 90 of 96 (94%) of normal postures. The elbow stimulation device had a score lower than 2.5 (neutral) for all aspects that were surveyed, however the therapists felt the rehabilitation system was sufficient for use without the elbow stimulation device. All eight therapists felt the exercise platform could be a good tool to use in upper-limb rehabilitation as the prototype was considered to be generally well designed and capable of delivering reaching task therapy. The next stage of this project is to proceed to clinical trials with stroke patients.
Stock and Bond Market Liquidity: A Long-Run Empirical Analysis

This paper establishes liquidity linkage between stock and Treasury bond markets. There is a lead-lag relationship between illiquidity of the two markets and bidirectional Granger causality. The effect of stock illiquidity on bond illiquidity is consistent with flight-to-quality or flight-to-liquidity episodes. Monetary policy impacts illiquidity. The evidence indicates that bond illiquidity acts as a channel through which monetary policy shocks are transferred into the stock market. These effects are observed across illiquidity of bonds of different maturities and are especially pronounced for illiquidity of short-term maturities. The paper provides evidence of illiquidity integration between stock and bond markets.
The Cambridge Multiple-Access System in Retrospect

This paper reports on some of the lessons that have been learned during 5 years' operation of the Cambridge Multiple-Access System. It begins by summarizing the design goals and goes on to describe the way in which on-line and off-line facilities have been integrated. There is a section on security of access and one on the maintenance and up-dating of the system. Scheduling of jobs is largely automatic and the operators receive their instructions from the system. Experience obtained in the operation of the system is discussed both from a software and a managerial point of view. © 1973 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermalisation of inhomogeneous quantum scalar fields in 1+1D

Using an improved version of the Hartree approximation, allowing for ensembles of inhomogeneous configurations, we show in a λφ4 theory, that initially the system thermalizes with a Bose-Einstein distribution. For later times and larger couplings we see deviations.
Comparison of Keyes Punch Biopsy Instrument with Cervical Punch Biopsy Forceps for Diagnosing Cervical Lesions.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the feasibility and efficacy of Keyes punch biopsy instrument (KP) in diagnosing cervical lesions and compare it with cervical punch biopsy forceps (CP).


METHODS
75 women having satisfactory colposcopy with abnormal transformation zone were included and paired colposcopic directed biopsies were taken using KP followed by CP from the same target area.


RESULTS
It was feasible in all cases to take cervical biopsy with KP after increasing its effective length. The volume of gross specimen obtained by KP was less than CP (0.076 ± 0.097 vs. 0.101 ± 0.156 cm3, p = 0.061), however on microscopic examination, mean length and mean depth of tissue in KP was greater than CP by 0.06 mm (p = 0.810) and 0.14 mm (p = 0.634) respectively. Exact agreement was found with the final surgical specimen in 42% of cases in both the biopsy forceps.


CONCLUSION
KP is almost at par with CP for diagnosing preinvasive cervical lesions and is a useful adjunct to the existing armamentarium of biopsy forceps.
Wage Differentials in Brazil: Theory and Evidence

The investigation of wage determination and wage differentials in developing countries has concentrated on the effects of human capital and different sources of segmentation associated with institutional arrangements and structural characteristics on earnings. In this article, we use micro-data for Brazil for the 1980s and 1990s to test several competitive theories, and models with segmentation explained by efficiency wages. We find that unmeasured abilities and efficiency wage models seem to play a role in wage determination, while compensating differentials and transitory difference theories were found to be irrelevant to wages formation.