LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Depression, heart rate variability, and exercise training in dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND
Functional limitations, altered cardiac autonomic activity, and psychological distress are known disorders in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients, relating to increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of an exercise training program on emotional parameters and heart rate variability (HRV) indices, as well as to determine whether emotional stress contributes to autonomic dysfunction in these patients.


METHODS
Forty-four HD patients were randomly assigned into group A (24 patients, aged 46.3+/-11.2 years), who participated in a 1-year intradialytic exercise training program and group B (20 patients, aged 45.8+/-10.8 years), who were used as controls. At baseline and a year after, measures of HRV were obtained for the estimation of standard deviation of RR intervals, the mean square successive differences, percentage of RR intervals differing by more than 50 ms from the preceding RR interval (pNN50), and low to high frequency components. Emotional parameters (Beck Depression Inventory - BDI and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - HADS) were also assessed by validated questionnaires. Moreover, all patients performed a spiroergometric study for the estimation of VO2peak.


RESULTS
At baseline, all measurements were similar in the two groups and remained almost unchanged after a year in group B. After a year of training, VO2peak increased from 16.79+/-5.24 to 22.33+/-4.90 ml/kg per min (P<0.001) in group A. Trained patients also showed an increase in standard deviation of RR intervals by 58.8% (P<0.001), the mean square successive differences by 68.1% (P<0.001), pNN50 by 23.5% (P<0.001), and a low to high frequency ratio by 17.3% (P<0.001). Finally, at the end of the study, group A showed a decrease in BDI score by 34.5% (P<0.001) and HADS by 23.9% (P<0.001). Canonical correlation revealed significant inverse correlation among depression (in BDI and HADS) and HRV indices before and after exercise training.


CONCLUSION
Cardiac autonomic modulation seemed to be sensitive to the experience of persistent depression in HD patients. Significantly, exercise training reduced emotional distress and concomitantly improved HRV.
Where to wear it: functional, technical, and social considerations in on-body location for wearable technology 20 years of designing for wearability

One of the first questions a researcher or designer of wearable technology has to answer in the design process is where on the body the device should be worn. It has been almost 20 years since Gemperle et al. wrote "Design for Wearability" [17], and although much of her initial guidelines on humans factors surrounding wearability still stand, devices and use cases have changed over time. This paper is a collection of literature and updated guidelines and reasons for on-body location depending on the use of the wearable technology and the affordances provided by different locations on the body.
Embedding theorems for graphs establishing negative partition relations

We started to work on this paper with the following observation . If 4 is a graph on J~ 1 vertices and establishing the negative partition relation tt l ]) 2 then 4 is universal for countable graphs . This last statement means that every countable graph N is isomorphic to a spanned subgraph of q . We have stated a number of results and problems of the above type in our paper [4] written in 1971 . (See Problems VIII, IX, X on pp . 285-286 .) Quite a few of these problems will be solved or modified by the results of this paper . S. Shelah has made an important remark concerning our problem. He has shown that our starting result cannot be generalized for higher cardinals .
Cost-effectiveness of a tailored intervention designed to increase breast cancer screening among a non-adherent population: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Although the percentage of women who initiate breast cancer screening is rising, the rate of continued adherence is poor. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a tailored print intervention compared with a non-tailored print intervention for increasing the breast cancer screening rate among a non-adherent population.


METHODS
In total, 1859 participants aged 51-59 years (except those aged 55 years) were recruited from a Japanese urban community setting. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a tailored print reminder (tailored intervention group) or non-tailored print reminder (non-tailored intervention group). The primary outcome was improvement in the breast cancer screening rate. The screening rates and cost-effectiveness were examined for each treatment group (tailored vs. non-tailored) and each intervention subgroup during a follow-up period of five months. All analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle.


RESULTS
The number of women who underwent a screening mammogram following the reminder was 277 (19.9%) in the tailored reminder group and 27 (5.8%) in the non-tailored reminder group. A logistic regression model revealed that the odds of a woman who received a tailored print reminder undergoing mammography was 4.02 times those of a women who had received a non-tailored print reminder (95% confidence interval, 2.67-6.06). The cost of one mammography screening increase was 2,544 JPY or 30 USD in the tailored intervention group and 4,366 JPY or 52 USD in the non-tailored intervention group.


CONCLUSIONS
Providing a tailored print reminder was an effective and cost-effective strategy for improving breast cancer screening rates among non-adherent women.
Optimizing Synonym Extraction Using Monolingual and Bilingual Resources

Automatically acquiring synonymous words (synonyms) from corpora is a challenging task. For this task, methods that use only one kind of resources are inadequate because of low precision or low recall. To improve the performance of synonym extraction, we propose a method to extract synonyms with multiple resources including a monolingual dictionary, a bilingual corpus, and a large monolingual corpus. This approach uses an ensemble to combine the synonyms extracted by individual extractors which use the three resources. Experimental results prove that the three resources are complementary to each other on synonym extraction, and that the ensemble method we used is very effective to improve both precisions and recalls of extracted synonyms.
A pharmacoscintigraphic evaluation of oral budesonide given as controlled-release (Entocort) capsules.

AIMS
To investigate the gastrointestinal pharmacokinetics of controlled-release (Entocort) and standard budesonide capsules.


METHODS
Six Crohn's disease patients and eight healthy controls were given controlled-release capsules containing budesonide and an inert 111In label, following breakfast. In the patients, a standard capsule containing deuterium-labelled budesonide was given simultaneously. In the controls, on a separate occasion, the controlled-release capsules were given in the fasting state. Gastrointestinal transit was recorded by a gamma camera. Plasma budesonide and deuterium-labelled budesonide were used to estimate drug release, and urine cortisol was used to assess systemic effects.


RESULTS
Budesonide delivery to the ileo-colonic region was significantly greater after the intake of the controlled-release capsules [69%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 54-84] than after the standard capsules (30%; 95% CI, 15-45) (P = 0.005). Fasting had little impact on uptake. The transit and pharmacokinetics of budesonide were similar in both subject groups, although systemic availability was higher in patients (21%; 95% CI, 13-33) than in controls (12%; 95% CI, 10-14) (P = 0.009). Urinary cortisol was, however, similar in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
A major fraction of budesonide is released in the ileum and throughout the colon, the intended target for the controlled-release formulation. The prandial state has little effect on budesonide uptake.
Endotracheal suctioning: from principles to practice

This paper aims to highlight the physical principles of pressure and flow dynamics underlying endotracheal suctioning, to demonstrate these on a simple illustrative model and to discuss the clinical implications of these principles for paediatric practice. Prospective in vitro study. Paediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary, academic hospital. The peak pressure change (ΔP) obtained in a “bag-in-box” model was recorded during suctioning, using different combinations of endotracheal tube (ETT) and catheter sizes, different suction pressures and techniques. Suction was also performed on three different consistencies of gelatine, using a range of suction catheter sizes and vacuum pressures. The mass of gelatine suctioned per second was calculated. A large ΔP was measured when using neonatal-sized ETTs. There was a linear relationship (r=0,8, p<0.05) between ΔP and the ratio of external catheter area to area difference (internal ETT area−external catheter area). Significantly greater ΔP was measured when using a short versus long suction catheter (p<0.001) and when applying suction for longer duration (p<0,001) and with higher vacuum pressures (p<0.05). The amount of mucus suctioned in a given time was related to catheter size, suction pressure and mucus density. Applied clinically, these results indicate that intrapulmonary pressure changes generated by the endotracheal suctioning of intubated neonates are likely to be considerable, possibly translating into loss of lung volume.
Wideband printed rectangular monopole antenna for circularly polarization

In this paper, a printed monopole antenna for circular polarization has been proposed. The relationship between the geometry of the antenna and the axial ratio is investigated. A wideband circularly polarized antenna is designed according to the parametric studies. The simulated bandwidth of 3dB-axial ratio is from 2.06GHz to 6.04GHz (98%).
ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCES ACTING BETWEEN THE STATOR AND ECCENTRIC CAGE ROTOR

Electromagnetic forces act between the rotor and stator when the rotor is performing eccentric motions with respect to the stator. The aim of this research was to study the charactarestics of the forces and develop the tools to calculate these forces accurately and as quickly as possible. A new method, called the impulse method, is developed into the finite element analysis of the electromagnetic field to calculate the forces for a wide whirling frequency range by one simulation. The idea of the impulse method is to move the rotor from its central position for a short period of time. This displacement excitation disturbs the magnetic field and, by doing this, produces forces between the rotor and stator. Using spectral analysis techniques, the frequency response function of the forces is calculated using the excitation and response signals. The impulse method is based on the assumption of the spatial linearity of the force. The impulse method is utilised in the analysis of the rotor eccentricity. The spatial linearity of the force and the effects of the circulating currents and saturation on the forces are studied herein. The field of investigation is enlarged from the cylindrical whirling motion to the conical motions of the rotor. The modelling of the conical motion requires that the axial variations of the magnetic field be taken into account. This is done by multislice finite element analysis.
GraphSum: Discovering correlations among multiple terms for graph-based summarization

Graph-based summarization entails extracting a worthwhile subset of sentences from a collection of textual documents by using a graph-based model to represent the correlations between pairs of document terms. However, since the high-order correlations among multiple terms are disregarded during graph evaluation, the summarization performance could be limited unless integrating ad-hoc language-dependent or semantics-based analysis. This paper presents a novel and general-purpose graph-based summarizer, namely GraphSum (Graph-based Summarizer). It discovers and exploits association rules to represent the correlations among multiple terms that have been neglected by previous approaches. The graph nodes, which represent combinations of two or more terms, are first ranked by means of a PageRank ∗Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 0110907084 Fax: +39 0110907099. Email addresses: elena.baralis@polito.it (Elena Baralis), luca.cagliero@polito.it (Luca Cagliero), naeem.mahoto@polito.it (Naeem Mahoto), alessandro.fiori@ircc.it (Alessandro Fiori) Preprint submitted to strategy that discriminates between positive and negative term correlations. Then, the produced node ranking is used to drive the sentence selection process. The experiments performed on benchmark and real-life documents demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to many stateof-the-art summarizers.
Chronic Parkinsonism Associated With Cirrhosis

Patients and Methods: During a 1-year period, all consecutive patients with cirrhosis who were potential candidates for liver transplantation were screened for extrapyramidal features. When extrapyramidal features were present, further workup included a detailed neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests, extensive blood tests, and, in some cases, cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
Capacitor Bank Designing for Power Factor Improvement

Various inductive loads used in all industries deals with the problem of power factor improvement. Capacitor bank connected in shunt helps in maintaining the power factor closer to unity. They improve the electrical supply quality and increase the efficiency of the system. Also the line losses are also reduced. Shunt capacitor banks are less costly and can be installed anywhere. This paper deals with shunt capacitor bank designing for power factor improvement considering overvoltages for substation installation. Keywords— Capacitor Bank, Overvoltage Consideration, Power Factor, Reactive Power
Integrated operations of multi-robot rescue system with ad hoc networking

Integrated operations of a multi-robot rescue system are investigated. The system consists of a base station (BS) and autonomous mobile robots. A wireless ad hoc network connects all of them. Mobile robots coordinatedly explore a disaster area to detect victims and send their information to operators at the BS. Three related subjects are reviewed in this paper. First, autonomous chain network formations by rescue robots are investigated. The chain networks are essential for reconnaissance into distant spaces in disaster areas. Second, wireless QoS networks for multi-robot systems are investigated. This QoS scheme reserves the transmission bandwidth when a robot sends wideband signals to the BS through the chain network. Finally, wireless power supply networks for multi-robot systems are investigated. This scheme alleviates the problem of power source exhaustion of each robot and improves the reliability of multi-robot rescue systems.
Methods for Interpreting and Understanding Deep Neural Networks

This paper provides an entry point to the problem of interpreting a deep neural network model and explaining its predictions. It is based on a tutorial given at ICASSP 2017. It introduces some recently proposed techniques of interpretation, along with theory, tricks and recommendations, to make most efficient use of these techniques on real data. It also discusses a number of practical applications.
SPINOFFS AND THE MARKET FOR IDEAS

We propose a theory of firm dynamics in which workers have ideas for new projects that can be sold in a market to existing firms or, at a cost, implemented in new firms: spin-offs. Workers have private information about the quality of their ideas. Because of an adverse selection problem, workers can sell their ideas to existing firms only at a price that is not contingent on their information. Therefore, workers with very good ideas decide to spin-off and set up a new firm. Since entrepreneurs of existing firms pay a price for the ideas sold in the market that implies zero expected profits for them, firm growth is scale independent. The entry and growth process of firms in this economy leads to an invariant distribution that resembles the one in the US economy. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Temperature sensitive contact lenses for triggered ophthalmic drug delivery.

Ophthalmic drug delivery through eye drops is inefficient because of low corneal bioavailability and short residence time in tears. Contact lenses are ideally suited for extended and targeted drug delivery to cornea, but commercial contact lenses release ophthalmic drugs for only 1-2 h. This study focuses on dispersing timolol encapsulating highly crosslinked nanoparticles in contact lenses to increase the duration of drug release from 1 to 2 h to about 2-4 weeks. The highly crosslinked particles were prepared from monomers with multivinyl functionalities such as EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and PGT (propoxylated glyceryl triacylate). The nanoparticles were about 3.5 nm in size and encapsulated 48-66% of the drug depending on the composition. Drug release studies in a diffusion cell showed that the particles released the drug for a period of about 4 weeks. The drug loaded particles were dispersed in hydroxy methyl methacrylate (HEMA) gels, which are common contact lens materials. The particle loaded gels release timolol in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 2-4 weeks at therapeutic dose, which is promising for extended drug release applications. The proposed mechanism of drug transport is hydrolysis of ester bonds that link timolol to the particle matrix which form during the particle formation process. The drug release profiles can be described by a first order reaction model with a temperature dependent rate constant. The rate constant of ester hydrolysis was significantly smaller than that in previous studies on timolol esters possibly due to steric effects and the low water content of the highly crosslinked hydrophobic particles. The results of this study provide evidences that contact lenses loaded with nanoparticles could be very useful for extended delivery of ophthalmic drugs.
The effects of isoflurane and desflurane on cognitive function in humans.

BACKGROUND
The etiology of postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) remains to be determined. Anesthetic isoflurane, but not desflurane, may induce neurotoxicity. However, the functional consequences of these effects have not been assessed. We therefore performed a pilot study to determine the effects of isoflurane and desflurane on cognitive function in humans.


METHODS
The subjects included patients who had lower extremity or abdominal surgery under spinal anesthesia alone (S, n = 15), spinal plus desflurane anesthesia (SD, n = 15), or spinal plus isoflurane anesthesia (SI, n = 15) by randomization. Each of the subjects received cognitive tests immediately before and 1 week after anesthesia and surgery administered by an investigator who was blinded to the anesthesia regimen. POCD was defined using the scores from each of these tests.


RESULTS
We studied 45 subjects, 24 males and 21 females. The mean age of the subjects was 69.0 ± 1.9 years. There was no significant difference in age and other characteristics among the treatment arms. The mean number of cognitive function declines in the S, SD, and SI groups was 1.13, 1.07, and 1.40, respectively. POCD incidence after SI (27%), but not SD (0%), anesthesia was higher than that after S (0%), P = 0.028 (3-way comparison).


CONCLUSION
These findings from our pilot study suggest that isoflurane and desflurane may have different effects on postoperative cognitive function, and additional studies with a larger sample size and longer times of follow-up testing are needed.
Monte Carlo calculations of kQ, the beam quality conversion factor.

PURPOSE
To use EGSnrc Monte Carlo simulations to directly calculate beam quality conversion factors,kQ, for 32 cylindrical ionization chambers over a range of beam qualities and to quantify the effect of systematic uncertainties on Monte Carlo calculations of kQ. These factors are required to use the TG-51 or TRS-398 clinical dosimetry protocols for calibrating external radiotherapy beams.


METHODS
Ionization chambers are modeled either from blueprints or manufacturers' user's manuals. The dose-to-air in the chamber is calculated using the EGSnrc user-code egs_chamber using 11 different tabulated clinical photon spectra for the incident beams. The dose to a small volume of water is also calculated in the absence of the chamber at the midpoint of the chamber on its central axis. Using a simple equation,kQ is calculated from these quantities under the assumption that W/e is constant with energy and compared to TG-51 protocol and measured values.


RESULTS
Polynomial fits to the Monte Carlo calculatedkQ factors as a function of beam quality expressed as %dd(10)x and TPR1020 are given for each ionization chamber. Differences are explained between Monte Carlo calculated values and values from the TG-51 protocol or calculated using the computer program used for TG-51 calculations. Systematic uncertainties in calculated kQ values are analyzed and amount to a maximum of one standard deviation uncertainty of 0.99% if one assumes that photon cross-section uncertainties are uncorrelated and 0.63% if they are assumed correlated. The largest components of the uncertainty are the constancy of W/e and the uncertainty in the cross-section for photons in water.


CONCLUSIONS
It is now possible to calculatekQ directly using Monte Carlo simulations. Monte Carlo calculations for most ionization chambers give results which are comparable to TG-51 values. Discrepancies can be explained using individual Monte Carlo calculations of various correction factors which are more accurate than previously used values. For small ionization chambers with central electrodes composed of high-Z materials, the effect of the central electrode is much larger than that for the aluminum electrodes in Farmer chambers.
Unraveling the relationship between literacy, language proficiency, and patient-physician communication.

OBJECTIVE
To examine whether the effect of health literacy (HL) on patient-physician communication varies with patient-physician language concordance and communication type.


METHODS
771 outpatients rated three types of patient-physician communication: receptive communication (physician to patient); proactive communication (patient to physician); and interactive, bidirectional communication. We assessed HL and language categories including: English-speakers, Spanish-speakers with Spanish-speaking physicians (Spanish-concordant), and Spanish-speakers without Spanish-speaking physicians (Spanish-discordant).


RESULTS
Overall, the mean age of participants was 56 years, 58% were women, 53% were English-speakers, 23% Spanish-concordant, 24% Spanish-discordant, and 51% had limited HL. Thirty percent reported poor receptive, 28% poor proactive, and 56% poor interactive communication. In multivariable analyses, limited HL was associated with poor receptive and proactive communication. Spanish-concordance and discordance was associated with poor interactive communication. In stratified analyses, among English-speakers, limited HL was associated with poor receptive and proactive, but not interactive communication. Among Spanish-concordant participants, limited HL was associated with poor proactive and interactive, but not receptive communication. Spanish-discordant participants reported the worst communication for all types, independent of HL.


CONCLUSION
Limited health literacy impedes patient-physician communication, but its effects vary with language concordance and communication type. For language discordant dyads, language barriers may supersede limited HL in impeding interactive communication.


PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Patient-physician communication interventions for diverse populations need to consider HL, language concordance, and communication type.