LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Intraradicular Splinting with Endodontic Instrument of Horizontal Root Fracture

Introduction. Root fractures, defined as fractures involving dentine, cementum, and pulpal and supportive tissues, constitute only 0.5-7% of all dental injuries. Horizontal root fractures are commonly observed in the maxillary anterior region and 75% of these fractures occur in the maxillary central incisors. Methods. A 14-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic three days after a traffic accident. In radiographic examination, the right maxillary central incisor was fractured horizontally in apical thirds. Initially, following local infiltrative anesthetics, the coronal fragment was repositioned and this was radiographically confirmed. Then the stabilization splint was applied and remained for three months. After three weeks, according to the results of the vitality tests, the right and left central incisors were nonvital. For the right central incisor, both the coronal and apical fragments were involved in the endodontic preparation. Results. For the right central tooth, both the coronal and apical root fragments were endodontically treated and obturated at a single visit with white mineral trioxide aggregate whilst the fragments were stabilized internally by insertion of a size 40 Hedstrom stainless-steel endodontic file into the canal. Conclusion. Four-year follow-up examination revealed satisfactory clinical and radiographic findings with hard tissue repair of the fracture line.
Monopolar versus bipolar transurethral resection of bladder tumors: a single center, parallel arm, randomized, controlled trial.

PURPOSE
We compared the safety and efficacy of bipolar transurethral resection and monopolar resection for bladder tumors.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A single center, parallel arm, randomized, controlled trial was performed from May 2011 to August 2012. All patients with suspected bladder tumors were eligible for study inclusion. Those who refused consent and those undergoing routine restaging transurethral resection of bladder tumor were excluded from analysis. The primary end point was the incidence of obturator jerk. Secondary study outcomes included the decrease in hematocrit, rates of recoagulation and transfusion, bladder perforation, decrease in sodium, resection syndrome and resection time. Pathological quality was assessed by comparing deep muscle and the degree of severe cautery artifact in the 2 arms.


RESULTS
A total of 257 transurethral resections were performed during the study period. After exclusion 147 patients were randomized, including 75 in the monopolar arm and 72 in the bipolar arm. There were 6 and 4 protocol violations in the monopolar and bipolar arms, respectively. Intent to treat and per protocol analyses were performed. The incidence of obturator jerk was greater in the bipolar arm (60% vs 49.2%, p=0.27). There was no significant difference between secondary outcomes. The only significant difference was a significantly lower incidence of severe cautery artifact in the bipolar arm (25% vs 46.7%, p=0.0096).


CONCLUSIONS
Bipolar transurethral resection of bladder tumor was not superior to monopolar resection with respect to obturator jerk, bladder perforation and hemostasis. There was a significantly lower incidence of severe cautery artifact after bipolar resection.
Deep Deconvolutional Neural Network for Target Segmentation of Nasopharyngeal Cancer in Planning Computed Tomography Images

Background
Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment methods for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). It requires exact delineation of the nasopharynx gross tumor volume (GTVnx), the metastatic lymph node gross tumor volume (GTVnd), the clinical target volume (CTV), and organs at risk in the planning computed tomography images. However, this task is time-consuming and operator dependent. In the present study, we developed an end-to-end deep deconvolutional neural network (DDNN) for segmentation of these targets.


Methods
The proposed DDNN is an end-to-end architecture enabling fast training and testing. It consists of two important components: an encoder network and a decoder network. The encoder network was used to extract the visual features of a medical image and the decoder network was used to recover the original resolution by deploying deconvolution. A total of 230 patients diagnosed with NPC stage I or stage II were included in this study. Data from 184 patients were chosen randomly as a training set to adjust the parameters of DDNN, and the remaining 46 patients were the test set to assess the performance of the model. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was used to quantify the segmentation results of the GTVnx, GTVnd, and CTV. In addition, the performance of DDNN was compared with the VGG-16 model.


Results
The proposed DDNN method outperformed the VGG-16 in all the segmentation. The mean DSC values of DDNN were 80.9% for GTVnx, 62.3% for the GTVnd, and 82.6% for CTV, whereas VGG-16 obtained 72.3, 33.7, and 73.7% for the DSC values, respectively.


Conclusion
DDNN can be used to segment the GTVnx and CTV accurately. The accuracy for the GTVnd segmentation was relatively low due to the considerable differences in its shape, volume, and location among patients. The accuracy is expected to increase with more training data and combination of MR images. In conclusion, DDNN has the potential to improve the consistency of contouring and streamline radiotherapy workflows, but careful human review and a considerable amount of editing will be required.
Demographics and correlates of five-year change in echocardiographic left ventricular mass in young black and white adult men and women: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to determine the presence and correlates of change (Delta) in left ventricular (LV) mass by echocardiography in young adults.


BACKGROUND
Left ventricular mass is known to be a powerful independent predictor for cardiovascular disease events in adults. However, little is known about Delta in LV mass over time in young adults.


METHODS
Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) is a multicenter, longitudinal, population-based study of black and white men and women who were ages 23 to 35 at the time of their initial two-dimensionally directed M-mode echocardiography exam (year 5); half the cohort had a repeat echocardiography exam five years later (year 10). Data were analyzed from 1,189 participants who had paired echocardiography studies. To minimize reader variability, blinded measurements on initial and repeat echocardiography were performed nearly contemporaneously by the same reader.


RESULTS
In multilinear regression analyses, significant (p < 0.05) predictors of year 10 two-dimensional guided M-mode LV mass included initial LV mass, initial body mass index (BMI) and change in BMI for all race/gender subgroups. Initial systolic blood pressure (SBP) was a significant predictor of year 10 LV mass in white men and black women; change in SBP was significant in black women with a trend towards significance in white women. Left ventricular mass remained constant in all race/gender subgroups, except black women, where it increased (by 5.9 g [mean]). Black women also had the largest increases in BMI and SBP. In black women, a five-year weight gain of 20 pounds and a 15-mm Hg increase in SBP would be expected to be associated with a 9% to 12% increase in LV mass.


CONCLUSIONS
Particularly in black women, weight and blood pressure control may be important community health and treatment goals to prevent LV hypertrophy.
Delays in the treatment of cauda equina syndrome due to its variable clinical features in patients presenting to the emergency department.

OBJECTIVE
To identify reasons for delay in management of patients with cauda equina syndrome (CES) and to determine commonly presented features of CES.


METHODS
Retrospectively, the presenting features and management of patients treated for CES over a 4-year period were reviewed.


RESULTS
Reasons for delay in treatment were identified in over half of the patients.


DISCUSSION
Most patients do not present with all the characteristic features of CES. Sacral sensory loss is a sensitive and relatively specific sign for diagnosing CES.
TCP Westwood: congestion control with faster recovery

In this paper we propose a new version of the TCP protocol, called TCP Westwood, which enhances the performance of TCP window congestion control by using as feedback the end-to-end measurement of the bandwidth available along a TCP connection. The available bandwidth is estimated at the TCP source by measuring and low-pass filtering the returning rate of acknowledgments. The estimated bandwidth is then used to properly set the congestion window and the slow start threshold after a congestion episode, that is after a timeout or 3 duplicate acknowledgments. The rationale of this strategy is simple: TCP Westwood sets a slow start threshold and a congestion window which are consistent with the network capacity measured at the time congestion is experienced. In particular, TCP Westwood introduces a mechanism of faster recovery to avoid overly conservative reduction of the congestion window after a congestion episode by taking into account the end-to-end estimation of available bandwidth. The advantage of the proposed mechanism is that the TCP sender recovers faster after losses especially over connections with large round trip times, or running over wireless links where sporadic losses are due to unreliable links rather than congestion. The proposed modifications follow the end-to-end design principle of TCP. They require only slight modifications at the sender side and are backward-compatible. Simulation results show a considerable throughput increment in comparison with TCP Reno and TCP SACK over wired networks and even more over wireless networks.
An economic evaluation of rosuvastatin treatment in systolic heart failure: evidence from the CORONA trial

AIMS
To estimate the cost-effectiveness of 10 mg rosuvastatin daily for older patients with systolic heart failure in the Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Study in Heart Failure (CORONA) trial.


METHODS AND RESULTS
This within trial analysis of CORONA used major cardiovascular (CV) events as the outcome measure. Resource use was valued and the costs of hospitalizations, procedures, and statin use compared. Cost-effectiveness was estimated as cost per major CV event avoided. There were significantly fewer major CV events in the rosuvastatin group compared with the placebo group (1.04 vs. 1.20 per patient; difference 0.164; 95% CI: 0.075-0.254, P < 0.001). The average cost of CV hospitalizations and procedures was significantly lower for those receiving rosuvastatin ( pound1531 vs. pound1769; difference pound238; 95% CI: pound73-403, P = 0.005); the additional cost of the statin resulted in significantly higher total costs for the rosuvastatin group ( pound1769 vs. pound2072; difference pound303; 95% CI: pound138-468, P < 0.001). Overall, rosuvastatin was found to cost pound1840 (95% CI: pound562-6028) per major CV event avoided.


CONCLUSION
This economic analysis showed that a significant reduction in major CV events with rosuvastatin led to significantly reduced costs of CV hospitalizations and procedures. The reduction in associated costs for major CV events was found to offset partially (by 44%) the cost of rosuvastatin treatment in patients with systolic heart failure.
Stapled transanal rectal resection and sacral nerve stimulation - impact on faecal incontinence and quality of life.

AIM
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) on pre-existing faecal incontinence and quality of life in patients suffering from obstructive defaecation syndrome (ODS) and to evaluate the efficiency of sequential sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for improvement of persistent incontinence after STARR.


METHOD
Thirty-one patients with ODS and major faecal incontinence prior to STARR were prospectively enrolled. The outcome was measured using the Cleveland Clinic Constipation and Incontinence score (CCS, CCIS), Faecal Incontinence Qualities-of-Life Index (FIQL), Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality-of-Life (PAC-QOL) and EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS).


RESULTS
The overall levels of constipation (CCS from 13.1 ± 3.8 to 6.2 ± 5.4; P < 0.001) and incontinence (CCIS from 12.6 ± 3.2 to 9.4 ± 5.1; P = 0.005) were significantly improved after STARR; concordantly, the global and specific quality of life were significantly improved. Following postoperative constipation and incontinence, three different groups of patients were differentially referred to SNS. In group I (n = 16, 52%), both constipation (CCS from 12.6 ± 4.0 to 3.6 ± 1.9; P < 0.001) and incontinence (CCSI from 12.43 ± 3.2 to 5.1 ± 1.9; P < 0.001) were improved. In group II (n = 8, 25%), only constipation was improved (CCS from 12.3 ± 2.3 to 3.3 ± 2.2; P < 0.001), while incontinence persisted (CCIS from 12.8 ± 2.9 to 13.1 ± 3.1; P > 0.05). In group III (n = 7, 23%) there was no improvement at all. Sacral nerve stimulation was successfully carried out in six (85%) of seven patients in group II (post-SNS CCSI 6.1 ± 1.7; P = 0.01) but failed in five of five patients in group III.


CONCLUSION
Stapled transanal rectal resection improves quality of life in ODS patients with both severe constipation and faecal incontinence. Sacral nerve stimulation may efficiently improve persisting incontinence after STARR in selected patients.
Study on Fine Pitch Flex-on-Flex Assembly Using Nanofiber/Solder Anisotropic Conductive Film and Ultrasonic Bonding Method

A new concept of anisotropic conductive film (ACF) called nanofiber/solder ACF combined with an ultrasonic bonding method can overcome limitations of fine pitch flex-on-flex (FOF) assembly using conventional ACF, such as short circuit issues, low current-handling capability, and poor reliability. To fabricate the nanofiber/solder ACF, SAC305 (96.5% Sn, 0.5% Cu, and 3% Ag) conductive solder balls are added to polyacrylonitrile polymer solution and ejected as nanofibers containing SAC305 conductive solder balls by an electrospinning method. This new concept of nanofiber/solder ACF successfully prevents short circuits between neighboring conducting electrodes by limiting the free movement of conducting balls and insulating individual conductive solder balls with coated nanofiber layers. Moreover, SAC305 conductive solder balls in nanofiber/solder ACF are completely melted and made metallurgical alloy contact between FOF electrodes during the ultrasonic bonding, resulting in 41% more electrical power being carried, and showing significant improvement in reliability performance compared with conventional nickel ball ACF.
A Circulation Analysis of Print Books and E-Books in an Academic Research Library

In order for collection development librarians to justify the adoption of electronic books (e-books), they need to determine if e-books satisfy the information needs of patrons. One method to determine this is to measure e-book usage. This study compared the usage of 7,880 titles that were available in both print and e-book format at the Duke University Libraries. Although the results of this study cannot be generalized, it does provide information on the use of e-books in one academic research library and implications for e-book collection development. © 2004 OCLC Online Computer Library, Inc. 6565 Frantz Road, Dublin, Ohio 43017-3395 USA http://www.oclc.org/ Reproduction of substantial portions of this publication must contain the OCLC copyright notice. Suggested citation: Littman, Justin, and Lynn Silipigni Connaway. 2004. “A Circulation Analysis Of Print Books And e-Books In An Academic Research Library.” Library Resources & Technical Services 48,4 (October):256-262. Littman and Connaway: A Circulation Analysis of Print Books and e-Books in an Academic Library (Pre-print) Introduction Over the past several years, a large number of libraries have begun to offer electronic books (e-books) to their patrons.[1] The e-books provided to patrons are generally digital versions of books that also appear in print. They contain the same content as the print books, but are delivered in a different format. E-books offer a number of advantages over their print brethren for both the patron and the library. For the patron, e-books offer 24/7 availability, remote access outside the physical library, full text searching, and copying and pasting of text and images. For the library, e-books require no shelf space or re-shelving and are never lost, damaged, stolen, or overdue. Despite these advantages, e-books still must prove their value to collection development librarians in one key respect -do patrons use them? Understanding whether patrons use e-books is important because collection development librarians generally take the usage of materials in the collection to indicate that the library is satisfying patron information needs. Thus, a complete assessment of the value of e-books in libraries requires examining the usage of e-books. However, evaluation of e-book usage is most likely to be useful when placed in the context of print book usage, as print book usage provides something against which to measure e-book usage. Comparing print book and ebook usage is appropriate when they provide the same content in both formats, particularly because librarians are increasingly faced with deciding whether to supplement or supplant new print book purchases with e-book purchases.
Enhancing the quality and accessibility of higher education through the use of Information and Communication Technologies

Changes in the economic and social fundamentals call for transformation in the skills, capabilities and attitudes of the masses. This requires a shift in the delivery and pedagogy used in the current education system. The purpose of this paper is to promote integration of Information and Communication technologies (ICT) in higher education for imparting easily accessible, affordable and quality higher education leading to the economic upliftment of India. The focus of the paper is on the benefits that ICT integration in education can provide, right from breaking time and distance barriers to facilitating collaboration and knowledge sharing among geographically distributed students. The findings reveal that it also facilitates sharing of best practices and knowledge across the world. ICT increases the flexibility of delivery of education so that learners can access knowledge anytime and from anywhere. It can influence the way students are taught and how they learn as now the processes are learner driven and not by teachers. This in turn would better prepare the learners for lifelong learning as well as to contribute to the industry. It can improve the quality of learning and thus contribute to the economy. It provides several tangible and intangible benefits for all stakeholders involved in the economic growth of the country. Wider availability of best practices and best course material in education, which can be shared by means of ICT, can foster better teaching. ICT also allows the academic institutions to reach disadvantaged groups and new international educational markets. Thus, ICT enabled education will ultimately lead to the democratization of education. Especially in developing countries like India, effective use of ICT for the purpose of education has the potential to bridge the digital divide. The paper also explores the factors related to policy, planning, technical requirements as well as the training required for the stakeholders for the successful implementation of ICT in an education system. These steps would ensure that accountability, quality assurance, accreditation and consumer protection in ICT based education is taken care of.
Physical layer aspects of NG-PON2 standards–Part 2: System design and technology feasibility [Invited]

This is the second of a two-part paper intended to provide technical insight and rationales behind the recently approved ITU-T G.989.2 Recommendation: the physical media dependent layer specification of the 40-gigabit-capable passive optical networks (NG-PON2). While Part 1 of the paper discusses topics related to the optical link design, Part 2 focuses on wavelength control, technology feasibility, management and control channel design, and potential future standardization directions of such a multi-wavelength PON system. As the NG-PON2 system will continue to evolve, technology extensions are also discussed to provide guidance for future research.
Digital forensics research: The next 10 years

We present an integrated security model for a low-cost laptop that will be widely deployed throughout the developing world. Implemented on top of Linux ope ting system, the model is designed to restrict the laptop’s software without restricting the laptop’s user.
Molar incisor hypomineralisation and dental caries among children in Slovenia.

AIM
To assess the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in children in Slovenia and explore the relationship between MIH defects and caries in the primary and permanent dentition, and tooth- and surface-specific associations between MIH defects and caries on first permanent molars (FPM).


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study population was comprised of 558 children aged 6.011.5 years. The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) on FPM and permanent incisors was assessed through clinical examination by a calibrated examiner using the modified DDE Index of the FDI. Also recorded were atypical fillings, post-eruptive enamel breakdowns, and extractions because of MIH. Dental caries was assessed using the WHO criteria.


RESULTS
At least one FPM with MIH defects was found in 21.4% of children. Children with MIH had significantly higher (p<0.05) caries experience in their permanent teeth. In primary teeth, higher caries experience was not statistically significant. MIH defects in FPM were associated with higher caries scores at the tooth (p<0.01), and at the surface (p<0.05) level.


CONCLUSION
MIH is common in Slovenia. Children with MIH are more prone to dental caries development on their permanent teeth. On FPM teeth and surfaces affected with MIH defects, even with only mild demarcated opacities with apparently intact enamel, an increased caries experience is present.
Studies on the time frame for ossification of the medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilage in conventional radiography

Radiological assessment of the degree of ossification of the medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilage plays a vital part in forensic age diagnosis of living adolescents and young adults. A total of 873 plain chest radiographs requested by the staff medical officer for members of staff aged 16–30 at the University Hospital Charité were evaluated retrospectively. Of these X-rays 699 permitted an assessment of ossification of at least 1 side of the clavicle. In addition to the customary stages (1: non-ossified epiphysis, 2: discernible ossification centre, 3: partial fusion, 4: total fusion) a stage 5 was also defined, characterised by the disappearance of the epiphyseal scar following total fusion. The earliest age at which stage 3 was detected in either gender was 16 years. Stage 4 was first observed in women at 20 years and in men at 21 years. In both genders, the earliest observation of stage 5 was at 26 years. It was concluded that plain chest radiographs can essentially be used to assess clavicular ossification. In practice, if overlap in posterior-anterior views impedes evaluation, a lateral view should also be taken to facilitate age estimation. In forensic practice the reference values of the present paper should be applied.