LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The role of physical workload and pain related fear in the development of low back pain in young workers: evidence from the BelCoBack Study; results after one year of follow up.

AIMS
To study the influence of work related physical and psychosocial factors and individual characteristics on the occurrence of low back pain among young and pain free workers.


METHODS
The Belgian Cohort Back Study was designed as a prospective cohort study. The study population of this paper consisted of 716 young healthcare or distribution workers without low back pain lasting seven or more consecutive days during the year before inclusion. The median age was 26 years with an interquartile range between 24 and 29 years. At baseline, these workers filled in a questionnaire with physical exposures, work related psychosocial factors and individual characteristics. One year later, the occurrence of low back pain lasting seven or more consecutive days and some of its characteristics were registered by means of a questionnaire. To assess the respective role of predictors at baseline on the occurrence of low back pain in the following year, Cox regression with a constant risk period for all subjects was applied.


RESULTS
After one year of follow up, 12.6% (95% CI 10.1 to 15.0) of the 716 workers had developed low back pain lasting seven or more consecutive days. An increased risk was observed for working with the trunk in a bent and twisted position for more than two hours a day (RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.1), inability to change posture regularly (RR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.5), back complaints in the year before inclusion (RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.8), and high scores of pain related fear (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.1). Work related psychosocial factors and physical factors during leisure time were not predictive.


CONCLUSION
This study highlighted the importance of physical work factors and revealed the importance of high scores of pain related fear in the development of low back pain among young workers.
The Class I HDAC inhibitor RGFP963 enhances consolidation of cued fear extinction.

Evidence indicates that broad, nonspecific histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition enhances learning and memory, however, the contribution of the various HDACs to specific forms of learning is incompletely understood. Here, we show that the Class I HDAC inhibitor, RGFP963, enhances consolidation of cued fear extinction. However, RGFP966, a strong inhibitor of HDAC3, does not significantly enhance consolidation of cued fear extinction. These data extend previous evidence that demonstrate the Class I HDACs play a role in the consolidation of long-term memory, suggesting that HDAC1 and/or HDAC2, but less likely HDAC3, may function as negative regulators of extinction retention. The development of specific HDAC inhibitors, such as RGFP963, will further illuminate the role of specific HDACs in various types of learning and memory. Moreover, HDAC inhibitors that enhance cued fear extinction may show translational promise for the treatment of fear-related disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
21st century cars and ICs

This paper describes where cars are headed for the next five to ten years, focusing on three movements: environmental stewardship, integration of intelligence, information-oriented technology, and the perspective of electronics and semiconductor technologies leading these movements.
The sitting position for neurosurgery in children: a review of 16 years' experience.

BACKGROUND
Use of the sitting position for neurosurgery is controversial. The main concern is the risk of venous air embolus (VAE) and its sequelae.


METHODS
The paediatric neurosurgeons at our institution routinely use the sitting position for posterior fossa and pineal surgery, and a retrospective audit of the incidence of VAE from 1982 to 1998 has been performed.


RESULTS
Venous air embolism, defined as a fall in end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure >0.4 kPa, was detected in 38 of 407 operations (9.3%). A fall in systolic arterial pressure >10% accompanied the VAE in nine out of 43 episodes (20.9%); this represents 2% of all operations. All VAE episodes responded promptly to treatment and there was no perioperative morbidity or mortality directly attributed to it.


CONCLUSIONS
This is the largest study of the incidence of VAE in children undergoing neurosurgery. Our results suggest that the sitting position can be used safely for neurosurgery in children.
Self-rated health predicts acute exacerbations and hospitalizations in patients with COPD.

BACKGROUND
Self-rated health predicts outcome in chronic disease, but such information is scarce in COPD. We aimed to assess self-rated health as an outcome predictor in carefully characterized patients with this condition.


METHODS
This was a prospective study in 127 clinically stable patients with COPD (64 +/- 8 years, 79% men, 82% Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage II or III). Self-rated health was assessed using a 5-grade Likert scale ranging from very poor to very good.


RESULTS
During 26.0 +/- 4.9 months of follow-up, 78 patients experienced acute exacerbation, 39 were hospitalized, and 10 died. Poor or very poor self-rated health was reported by 19 patients (15%) and was more common in patients experiencing acute exacerbations (20% vs 6%, P = .027) and hospitalizations (19% vs 5%, P = .039). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated more acute exacerbations (P = .003) and hospitalizations (P = .008) in patients with poor or very poor self-rated health. In a fully adjusted Cox model of proportional hazard, poor or very poor self-rated health remained predictive of acute exacerbations (hazard ratio [HR], 1.80; 95% CI, 1.03-3.11) and hospitalizations (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.12-3.68) but not of death.


CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that self-rated health is predictive of acute exacerbations and hospitalizations. Although prediction of mortality was limited, the study is supportive of self-rated health testing in COPD.
Multi-hop Inference for Sentence-level TextGraphs: How Challenging is Meaningfully Combining Information for Science Question Answering?

Question Answering for complex questions is often modelled as a graph construction or traversal task, where a solver must build or traverse a graph of facts that answer and explain a given question. This “multi-hop” inference has been shown to be extremely challenging, with few models able to aggregate more than two facts before being overwhelmed by “semantic drift”, or the tendency for long chains of facts to quickly drift off topic. This is a major barrier to current inference models, as even elementary science questions require an average of 4 to 6 facts to answer and explain. In this work we empirically characterize the difficulty of building or traversing a graph of sentences connected by lexical overlap, by evaluating chance sentence aggregation quality through 9,784 manually-annotated judgements across knowledge graphs built from three freetext corpora (including study guides and Simple Wikipedia). We demonstrate semantic drift tends to be high and aggregation quality low, at between 0.04% and 3%, and highlight scenarios that maximize the likelihood of meaningfully combining information.
Classical mechanics and κ-symmetry

We analyze two local extensions of a model introduced some time ago to obtain a path integral formalism for Classical Mechanics. In particular, we show that these extensions exhibit a nonrelativistic local symmetry which is similar to the well-known κ-symmetry introduced in the literature almost 20 years ago.
Recognition of facial affect in psychopathic offenders.

The authors examined the reliability of facial affect processing deficits found in psychopathic individuals (R. Blair et al., 2004) and whether they could be modified by attentional set. One hundred eleven offenders, classified using the Psychopathy Checklist--Revised (R. Hare, 2003) and Welsh Anxiety Scale (G. Welsh, 1956), performed a facial affect recognition task under 2 conditions. On the basis of research linking psychopathy, amygdala dysfunction, and deficits in facial affect recognition, the authors predicted that psychopathic offenders would display performance deficits when required to identify the emotional expression of particular faces. In addition, given evidence linking the affective processing deficits in psychopathy to focus of attention, the authors predicted that any deficits in facial affect processing would disappear when participants could anticipate which affective cues would be relevant on a given trial. Contrary to expectation, psychopathic offenders performed as well as controls in both conditions. The authors conclude that the conditions that reveal affective deficits in psychopathic individuals require further specification.
Synchronization results for a class of fractional-order spatiotemporal partial differential systems based on fractional Lyapunov approach

In this paper, the problem of synchronization of a class of spatiotemporal fractional-order partial differential systems is studied. Subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions and using fractional Lyapunov approach, nonlinear and linear control schemes have been proposed to synchronize coupled general fractional reaction–diffusion systems. As a numerical application, we investigate complete synchronization behaviors of coupled fractional Lengyel–Epstein systems.
Greenhouse: A Zero-Positive Machine Learning System for Time-Series Anomaly Detection

This short paper describes our ongoing research on Greenhouse a zero-positive machine learning system for time-series anomaly detection.
Clinical testing of an innovative tool for the assessment of biomechanical strategies: the Timed “Up and Go” Assessment of Biomechanical Strategies (TUG-ABS) for individuals with stroke.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the reliability and construct and criterion- related validities of the Timed “Up and Go” Assessment of Biomechanical Strategies (TUG-ABS), when used with subjects with hemiparesis due to stroke within clinical settings.


DESIGN/METHODS
Construct validity was investigated by the following methods: the known groups, convergence, discriminant analyses, and the opinions of clinical professionals, who used the TUG-ABS with subjects with stroke. The criterion-related validity was investigated by comparing the realtime and video observation scores. Inter-rater reliability was investigated by two independent examiners using both realtime and video observations.


RESULTS
The TUG-ABS differentiated people with stroke from healthy controls (p < 0.001), was correlated with the time spent to perform the TUG (rs = –0.85; p < 0.001), and correctly classified 98% of the subjects with stroke (p < 0.001). In addition, all of the clinicians who used the TUG-ABS in their clinical settings, provided positive evaluations. Agreement was also observed between real-time and video observations (0.27 ≤ kappa ≤ 0.85; p < 0.01). Furthermore, the TUG-ABS was reliable for both real-time (0.24 ≤ kappa ≤ 1.00; p < 0.05) and video observations (0.15 ≤ kappa ≤ 0.94; p < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
The TUG-ABS demonstrated good construct and criterion-related validities, as well as reliability, when applied in subjects with stroke within clinical settings, which supported the theoretical assumptions employed for its development.
Complement activation in patients with congestive heart failure: effect of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment.

BACKGROUND
Increasing evidence implicates innate immunity in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure (CHF). In the present study, we examined the possible role of complement, an important part of innate immunity, in CHF.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Complement activation was analyzed in systemic and coronary circulation in 39 patients with CHF and 20 healthy control subjects. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we have recently reported that high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) improves left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in these patients. To examine if this improvement was related to IVIG-induced effects on complement, we also examined complement activation during induction (first week) and maintenance therapy (6 months) with IVIG or placebo. Our main findings were: (1) We found enhanced systemic complement activation involving classic, alternative, as well as terminal pathway in patients with CHF compared with healthy control subjects. (2) Particularly enhanced complement activation was found in coronary sinus, representing venous drainage from the heart. (3) The systemic complement activation was further enhanced during IVIG but not during placebo therapy, particularly during induction therapy. (4) Although IVIG improved LVEF in patients with CHF, the degree of IVIG-mediated complement activation was negatively correlated with this improvement of LVEF.


CONCLUSIONS
This study further supports the involvement of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of CHF. Our findings suggest that complement may be added to the list of possible therapeutic targets in CHF and that future studies with specific complement inhibitors may be of interest in this disorder.
An approach for iterative event pattern recommendation

The need for systems that act on events is growing. Such systems require an infrastructure for detecting patterns over incoming events and tools for helping domain experts by creating or changing them. The main goal of Complex Event Processing is detecting patterns of events in near real-time in order to indicate a situation of interest. Nowadays most current Complex Event Processing systems are focused rather on run-time than on design time issues. They pay little attention to the efficient pattern generation. Moreover, in many Complex Event Processing systems, complex event patterns may change over time due to the dynamic nature of the domain. Such changes may complicate even further the specification task as the domain expert must update the patterns constantly. Therefore the experts seek for additional support for the definition of required patterns beyond expert opinion.
 In this paper we present an approach and its implementation that has been designed for a recommendation based pattern generation. We believe that a recommendation based pattern generation could increase the relevance and efficiency of newly generated patterns for the problem at hand by reusing knowledge coded in existing complex event patterns.
Oral reduced L-glutathione improves growth in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Consensus nutritional guidelines for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) recommend aggressive treatment of growth failure. Oral reduced glutathione (GSH) has been shown to improve cachexia and case reports have demonstrated improved growth in pediatric patients with CF. No controlled studies using oral GSH in CF have, however, been reported. The aim of the study was to determine whether oral GSH could improve growth in CF. Secondarily, to determine whether oral GSH could improve other systemic clinical markers.


METHODS
We performed a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures clinical trial in 44 pediatric patients with CF ages 18 months to 10 years. Primary outcomes were change in weight percentile, body mass index (BMI) percentile, height percentile, and fecal calprotectin. Secondary outcomes included liver function tests and measures of systemic inflammation. Each participant was studied for 6 months, with data obtained at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Blood samples were obtained on the baseline and 6-month visits. Subjects were treated with oral GSH or placebo (calcium citrate), each 65 mg · kg(-1) · day(-1) divided into 3 doses per day at mealtimes, and administered daily for 6 months.


RESULTS
The GSH treatment group gained an average of 0.67 standard deviation (SD) in weight-for-age-and sex z score (wfaszs), (19.1 weight percentile points) during the course of 6 months, with no adverse effects (vs placebo with an increase of 0.1 SD in wfaszs [2.1 weight percentile points], P < 0.0001). Fecal calprotectin improved, GSH -52.0 vs placebo 0.5), also BMI for GSH improved 0.69 SD BMI-adjusted-for-age-and-sex z score versus placebo 0.22 SD (BMI percentile 21.7 GSH vs 5.2 placebo), and height 0.2 SD in height-for-age-and-sex z score (hfaszs) GSH versus -0.06 SD hfaszs placebo [height percentile 7.0 GSH vs -2.6 placebo], all P < 0.0001). Secondary outcomes improved significantly, as well.


CONCLUSIONS
Oral reduced L-GSH significantly improves measures of growth status and gut inflammation in CF.
The Evolution of Computing: AlphaGo

G oogle’s AlphaGo program made headlines recently when it played a game of Go with a top human player and won. We’re conditioned to like challenges until we face a formidable opponent, but what happens when we face a computer? I learned to play Go when I was in elementary school. It’s the simplest board game concept, yet it’s the most difficult to play. I quickly gave up because it can take hours to finish just one game, and it takes seemingly forever to improve your skills. It’s worth learning the game, but I wouldn’t recommend it to all youngsters. Figure 1 shows the Go board—on the 19 × 19 array, two players (black and white) take turns placing a stone of their own color on an empty grid point. Adjacent stones of the same color along the vertical and horizontal grid lines form an area. When an area is surrounded by an opponent’s stones, it’s “alive” if it has at least one empty point inside the area; otherwise, the stones in the area are captured and removed from the board. However, if the surrounded area has only one empty point left, it’s captured because an opponent can place a stone in that point and solidly surround it. Therefore, an area is only really alive if it has two separate empty points inside—for example, as Figure 2 shows, if black
Robust Multichannel Blind Deconvolution via Fast Alternating Minimization

Blind deconvolution, which comprises simultaneous blur and image estimations, is a strongly ill-posed problem. It is by now well known that if multiple images of the same scene are acquired, this multichannel (MC) blind deconvolution problem is better posed and allows blur estimation directly from the degraded images. We improve the MC idea by adding robustness to noise and stability in the case of large blurs or if the blur size is vastly overestimated. We formulate blind deconvolution as an l1 -regularized optimization problem and seek a solution by alternately optimizing with respect to the image and with respect to blurs. Each optimization step is converted to a constrained problem by variable splitting and then is addressed with an augmented Lagrangian method, which permits simple and fast implementation in the Fourier domain. The rapid convergence of the proposed method is illustrated on synthetically blurred data. Applicability is also demonstrated on the deconvolution of real photos taken by a digital camera.
Impact of gender on risk stratification by stress echocardiography.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the prognostic value of stress echocardiography results in men and women with known and suspected coronary artery disease.


METHODS
We analyzed the data of 8737 patients (5529 men and 3208 women) who underwent stress echocardiography (exercise in 523 patients, dipyridamole in 6227 patients, dobutamine in 1987) for evaluating known (n=3857) or suspected (n=4880) coronary artery disease. Patients were followed up for the occurrence of overall mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction.


RESULTS
During a median follow-up of 25 months, 1218 cardiac events (693 deaths and 525 infarctions) occurred. Moreover, 2263 patients (1731 men [31%] and 532 women [17%]; P<.0001) underwent coronary revascularization and were censored. Stress echocardiography results added prognostic information to that of clinical findings and resting wall motion score index in men and women with both known and suspected coronary artery disease. In patients with known coronary artery disease, women had a higher (P=.01) event rate than men in the presence of ischemia. The annual event rate was worse for nondiabetic women (P=.007) but not diabetic women; age had a neutral prognostic effect in the 2 sexes. In patients with suspected coronary artery disease, men without ischemia had a higher (P<.0001) event rate than women. The annual event rate was worse in men aged less than 65 years (P<.0001) or more than 65 years (P=.04), and those with (P=.03) or without (P<.0001) diabetes.


CONCLUSION
Prognosis is at least comparable in men and women with ischemia and in those with coronary artery disease and no ischemia at stress echocardiography. In these clinical settings, availability for major procedures should be similar for both genders.
Controlling Overfitting in Software Quality Models: Experiments with Regression Trees and Classification

I n this d a y of “faster, cheaper, better” release cycles, software developers must focus enhancement efforts on those modules that need improvement the most. Predict ions of which modules are likely t o have faults during operations is an important tool t o guide such improvem ent efforts during maint en ance. Tree-based models are attractive because they readily model nonmonotonic relationships between a response variable and predictors. However, tree-based models are vulnerable t o overfitting, where the model reflects the structure of the training data set too closely. Even though a model appears t o be accurate on training data, i f overfitted, i t may be much less accurate when applied t o a current d a t a set. To account for the severe consequences of misclassifying fault-prone modules, our measure of overfitting is based on expected costs of misclassification, rather than the total number of misclassifications. I n this paper, we apply a regression-tree algorithm in the S-Plus system t o classification of software modules b y application of our classification rule that accounts f o r the preferred balance between misclassificat ion rates. W e conducted a case study of a very large legacy telecommunications system, and investigated two parameters of the regression-tree algorithm. W e found here that m in imum deviance was strongly related t o overfitting, and can be used t o control it, but the effect of m in imum node size on overfitting is ambiguous.
Esthetic Concerns and Acceptability of Treatment Modalities in Primary Teeth: A Comparison between Children and Their Parents

Background and Aim. Esthetic concerns in primary teeth have been studied mainly from the point of view of parents. The aim of this study was to study compare the opinions of children aged 5-8 years to have an opinion regarding the changes in appearance of their teeth due to dental caries and the materials used to restore those teeth. Methodology. A total of 107 children and both of their parents (n = 321), who were seeking dental treatment, were included in this study. A tool comprising a questionnaire and pictures of carious lesions and their treatment arranged in the form of a presentation was validated and tested on 20 children and their parents. The validated tool was then tested on all participants. Results. Children had acceptable validity statistics for the tool suggesting that they were able to make informed decisions regarding esthetic restorations. There was no difference between the responses of the children and their parents on most points. Zirconia crowns appeared to be the most acceptable full coverage restoration for primary anterior teeth among both children and their parents. Conclusion. Within the limitations of the study it can be concluded that children in their sixth year of life are capable of appreciating the esthetics of the restorations for their anterior teeth.