LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of traditional risk factors, angiographic findings, and in-hospital mortality between smoking and nonsmoking Turkish men and women with acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND
The prevalence of smoking is high in Turkey. However, there are no data available evaluating the differences between smokers and nonsmokers according to their sex in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Turkey.


HYPOTHESIS
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of smoking and its relationship to age, localization, and extension of coronary heart disease (CHD), and other risk factors in Turkish men and women with first AMI.


METHODS
This study included, 1502 patients with first AMI from 3 different cities in Turkey. The baseline characteristics and traditional risk factors for CHD, Coronary angiographic results, and in-hospital outcome were recorded.


RESULTS
The proportion of male smokers was significantly higher than that of women (68% vs 18%, P < 0.001). Smokers were younger by almost a decade than nonsmokers (P < 0.001). Male nonsmokers were younger than females; however, the mean age of first AMI was similar in male and female smokers. In both genders, prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was significantly lower in smokers than in nonsmokers (P < 0.001). Smokers had less multivessel disease and less comorbidity as compared to nonsmokers. Although the in-hospital mortality rate was lower in smokers, smoking status was not an independent predictor of mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
Smoking, by decreasing the age of first AMI in women, offsets the age difference in first AMI between men and women. The mean age of first AMI is lower in Turkey than most European countries due to a high percentage of smoking.
Biological activity of the Cocos Nucifera l. and its profile in the treatment of diseases : a review

The Cocos nucifera is a palm tree known as coconut. This review has analyzed the scientific production on the biological activity of this plant species in the tr atment of diseases. We have included 14 papers thr oug search in databases, in the period from 2002 to 2011. The res ults have indicated that most of the studies were p ublished in international journals, however, produced by Brazil i n citizens. In the analysis, it was found that nine papers describe the biological activities of bark fibers a nd fruit peels of the C. nucifera. This plant has the following therapeutic indications: antioxidant, antimicrobial , leishmanicide, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, a ntinociceptive, antineoplastic, pro-inflammatory and non-toxic in a ddition to treating diabetes and prostatic hyperpla sia. Future investigations should be developed in the search fo r further biological activities and consolidation o f the previously reported, aiming applicability of this plant, with a view to obtaining less aggressive treatments for the human being.
The Subsurface Geology and Source Rocks Characteristics of Some Jurassic and Cretaceous Sequences in the West Qarun Area, North Western Desert, Egypt

Abstract The lithostratigraphic cross sections, thickness variations, and lithofacies of some Jurassic and Cretaceous rock units are discussed in order to distinguish the shape and the extent of sedimentary basins and the environment of deposition. The geochemical study assisted in the identification of potential source intervals within the studied rock units. The results showed that the Middle Jurassic source rocks are mature and have good to very good organic richness with mixed kerogen type (III/II). The Cretaceous source rocks vary from poor to very good with mixed oil and gas and characterized by immature to marginally mature in the study area.
Antibiotics acting on the translational machinery.

Despite the appearance of bacterial strains resistant to all clinical antibiotics, including vancomycin (the ‘last resort’), development of new antimicrobial agents has slowed during recent decades. To aid design of new antibiotics, we must develop a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of antibiotic action and antibiotic resistance. Several classes of antibiotics target the ribosome and ribosomal factors, and recent structural studies of the ribosome (Ban et al., 2000; Harms et al., 2001; Nissen et al., 2000; Schlünzen et al., 2000; Wimberly et al., 2000; Yusupov et al., 2001) and complexes of ribosomes with inhibitors (Brodersen et al., 2000; Pioletti et al., 2001; Schlünzen et al., 2001; Hansen et al., 2002; Bashan et al., 2003; Schlünzen et al., 2003) are now revealing the mechanisms underlying their inhibitory activity.
Soft robotics: Technologies and systems pushing the boundaries of robot abilities

The proliferation of soft robotics research worldwide has brought substantial achievements in terms of principles, models, technologies, techniques, and prototypes of soft robots. Such achievements are reviewed here in terms of the abilities that they provide robots that were not possible before. An analysis of the evolution of this field shows how, after a fewpioneeringworks in the years 2009 to 2012, breakthrough resultswere obtainedby taking seminal technological and scientific challenges related to soft robotics from actuation and sensing to modeling and control. Further progress in soft robotics research hasproduced achievements that are important in termsof robot abilities—that is, from the viewpoint of what robots can do today thanks to the soft robotics approach. Abilities such as squeezing, stretching, climbing, growing, andmorphingwouldnotbepossiblewith anapproachbasedonly on rigid links. The challengeahead for soft robotics is to further develop theabilities for robots togrow, evolve, self-heal, develop, andbiodegrade,which are the ways that robots can adapt their morphology to the environment. lad
Algorithms in Ambient Intelligence

In this chapter, we discuss the new paradigm for user-centered computing known as ambient intelligence and its relation with methods and techniques from the field of computational intelligence, including problem solving, machine learning, and expert systems.
Study on Coexistence between Long Term Evolution and Digital Broadcasting services

Korea has made a plan to transfer from analog television to Digital Television (DTV). Therefore, TV White Spaces (TVWS)are the unused TV broadcast channels which can be available for wireless communication systems. This paper assumes that DTV operates on Channel 34 and Long Term Evolution (LTE) is assumed that it uses Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD), and then upper 4 MHz of Channel 32 and channel 33 are assumed to allocate to LTE Uplink, and channel 35 and lower 4 MHz of channel 36 are assumed to allocate to Downlink. However, the interference effect of LTE on DTV has to be taken into account. Therefore, according to the interference probability of 5% required by DTV receiver and the allowable transmit power of LTE Base Station (BS) and Mobile Station (MS), the protection distance from the reference LTE BS and MS to DTV receiver and the guard band will be analyzed by using Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte-Carlo Analysis Tool (SEAMCAT). As a result, in the case that 8 MHz guard band is required and the assumed emission mask of LTE BS is used, the required protection distance between the LTE BS and DTV receiver is about 2 km. In the case of interference between LTE MS and DTV receiver considering the assumed emission mask of LTE MS, the protection distance is negligible above 8 MHz of guard band. The results can be as a guideline and reference in making plan for the coexistence of LTE and DTV.
Offline Signature Verification: An Approach Based on Score Level Fusion

In this paper, we propose a new approach for offline signature verification based on score level fusion of distance and orientation features of centroids. The proposed method employs symbolic representation of offline signatures using bi-interval valued feature vector. Distance and orientation features of centroids of offline signatures are used to form bi-interval valued symbolic feature vector for representing signatures. A method of offline signature verification based on the bi-interval valued symbolic representation is presented. Several experiments are conducted on MCYT_ signature database [1] of 2250 signatures to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach based score level fusion for offline signature verification.
Mobile computing - A green computing resource

Cloud computing provides an approach to accessing shared computing resources. However, a traditional cloud is composed of powerful but energy-hungry workstations. The growth of the population of mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets provides huge amount of idling computing power. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a mobile computing system prototype named GEMCloud that utilizes energy efficient mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablets) as computing resources. We evaluate the computing power and energy efficiency of the mobile devices through comprehensive experiments. The results show that a cloud computing system with enough mobile devices working cooperatively is able to save 55% to 98% of the energy consumption of conventional server-based clouds while providing comparable computing speed.
Selective estrogen receptor alpha agonist GTx-758 decreases testosterone with reduced side effects of androgen deprivation therapy in men with advanced prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND
A need remains for new therapeutic approaches for men with advanced prostate cancer, particularly earlier in the disease course.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the ability of an oral selective estrogen receptor α agonist (GTx-758) to lower testosterone concentrations compared with leuprolide while minimizing estrogen deficiency-related side effects of androgen-deprivation therapy.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Hormone-naive advanced prostate cancer patients were randomized to oral GTx-758 1000 mg/d, 2000 mg/d, or leuprolide depot.


INTERVENTION
GTx-758 and leuprolide.


OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The primary end point was the proportion of patients achieving total testosterone ≤ 50 ng/dl by day 60. Secondary end points included serum free testosterone, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), sex hormone-binding globulin, hot flashes, bone turnover markers, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels.


RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
Of 159 randomized patients, leuprolide reduced total testosterone to ≤ 50 ng/dl in a greater proportion of patients than GTx-758 by day 60 (43.4%, 63.6%, and 88.2% of subjects receiving GTx-758 1000 mg [p<0.001], GTx-758 2000 mg [p=0.004], and leuprolide, respectively). GTx-758 reduced free testosterone and PSA earlier and to a greater degree than leuprolide. GTx-758 led to fewer hot flashes, decreases in bone turnover markers, and alterations in IGF-1 compared with leuprolide. A higher incidence of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) was seen with GTx-758 (4.1%) compared with leuprolide (0.0%).


CONCLUSIONS
Although leuprolide reduced total testosterone to ≤ 50 ng/dl in a greater proportion of patients compared with GTx-758, GTx-758 was superior in lowering free testosterone and PSA. GTx-758 reduced estrogen deficiency side effects of hot flashes, bone loss, and insulin resistance but with a higher incidence of VTEs.


PATIENT SUMMARY
This paper reports findings that leuprolide lowered total testosterone more than GTx-758 but that GTx-758 lowered free testosterone and prostate-specific antigen more than leuprolide. GTx-758 also reduced estrogen deficiency side effects, albeit at a higher rate of vascular events.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01615120.
Modified Guided Reading: Gateway to English as a Second Language and Literacy Learning.

© 2007 International Reading Association DOI:10.1598/RT.61.4.4 ISSN: 0034-0561 print / 1936-2714 online Guided reading is a component of a balanced literacy program providing differentiated, small-group reading instruction to four to six students with similar strengths and instructional needs (Fountas & Pinnell, 1996) or to heterogeneously grouped students (Cunningham, Hall, & Sigmon, 2000). It is recommended that these groups meet at least three to five times per week for 20 to 30 minutes each session in order for students to make consistent reading gains (Fountas & Pinnell, 1996). This approach to reading instruction provides teachers the opportunity to explicitly teach children the skills and comprehension strategies students need, thus facilitating the acquisition of reading proficiency. Multiple copies of graded leveled books are carefully selected and used by the teacher based on the children’s instructional needs and interests. According to Reutzel and Cooter (2005), graded leveled books are typically categorized to include four levels of children’s reading development: early emergent, emergent, early fluency, and fluency. The language of these leveled texts developmentally matches the syntax and organization of most young children’s speech. It is important that texts chosen for the guided-reading groups provide children with a reasonable challenge but also present an opportunity for potential success. In implementing guided Modified Guided Reading: Gateway to English as a Second Language and Literacy Learning
Living a meaningful life with chronic pain – further follow‐up

Living a meaningful life with chronic pain seems to depend on the patient having the leading role in their own life. Adequate assistance from healthcare professionals should be balanced during changing circumstances. Successful follow-up demands an independent biopsychosocial-spiritual-existential perspective, where patient-centered care and a focus on resilience go together.
Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Leptospirosis in Aborted Dairy Cows

This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and leptospirosis in aborted dairy cattle. For this purpose, serum samples were collected from 163 aborted dairy cattle that had no history of vaccination against either brucellosis or leptospirosis. The antibodies against B. abortus were detected in these serum samples as 68.1%, 65.6%, 58.9% and 55.2%, respectively by the Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (C-ELISA), Complement Fixation Test (CFT), Rosebengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT). In the study, the serum samples were also collected from 15 healthy dairy cattle which had been vaccinated with reduced dose of B. abortus S-19 vaccine six months before the collection of the serum samples. These serum samples were used to compare the differences in the antibody titers between the vaccinated and naturally infected dairy cows by using C-ELISA and CFT. It was found that the animals vaccinated with this vaccine should be revaccinated before six months. Serum samples of aborted cows were then used to detect dominant Leptospira serovars by ELISA and Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). MAT was used as a standard test to establish the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for leptospirosis. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 92.6% and 92%, respectively, when L. hardjo antigen was used for both tests. It is found that the total of 66 (40.5%) of sera were positive for both L. grippotyphosa and L. hardjo antigens and 46 (28.2%) sera were positive for antibodies against L. hardjo and 39 (23.9%) of these sera were positive for antibodies against L. grippotyphosa by MAT. None of the sera was positive for other Leptospira serovars tested.
Impact of Wal-Mart Growth on Earnings throughout the Retail Sector in Urban and Rural Counties

Using a database of Wal-Mart store openings (from Emek Basker), and the county level Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, we estimate the effect of Wal-Mart on earnings of retail workers during the 1990’s economic expansion (1992-2000). We exploit the pattern of Wal-Mart expansion (expanding outward from Arkansas over time) to predict Wal-Mart store openings, allowing us to control for endogeneity using both instrumental variable and control function approaches. We find that in urban counties, a Wal-Mart store opening led to a 0.5% to 0.8% reduction in average earnings of workers in the general merchandise sector, and a 0.8% to 0.9% reduction in average earnings of workers in the grocery sector. This translated into a combined 1.3% reduction in total earnings (wage bill) of workers in these sectors. Endogeneity causes the OLS estimates to be biased downwards in magnitude, primarily from an omitted variables bias. No earnings impact was found for rest of the retail sectors or for restaurants (the latter being an auxiliary test of our identification strategy). In contrast, in non-MSA (i.e., rural) counties, a Wal-Mart store opening was associated with an increase in earnings of general merchandise workers, and a decrease in earnings of grocery workers, but no significant change in the wage bill. We estimate that in 2000, total earnings of retail workers nationwide was reduced by $4.7 billion due to Wal-Mart’s presence.
Matchings in connection with ground delay program planning

In this paper we analyze certain matching problems that arise in ground delay program planning. Ground delay programs are air traffic flow management initiatives put in place when airport arrival demand is expected to exceed arrival capacity for an extended length of time, e.g. 4 hours. Most of the problems we study can be modeled as assignment problems, where flights are assigned to arrival slots. In the context we analyze, however, these problems have important special structure, which allows us to develop special solution properties. In particular, solutions are measured both in terms of efficiency (delay minimization) and equity (delay distribution). We show that the theory of majorization provides a powerful tool in addressing solution equity. We consider problems with flight deletions and develop special solution properties and parametric methods.
A hierarchical approach to computer Hex

Hex is a beautiful game with simple rules and a strategic complexity comparable to that of Chess and Go. The massive game-tree search techniques developed mostly for Chess and successfully used for Checkers and a number of other games, become less useful for games with large branching factors like Hex and Go. In this paper, we describe deduction rules, which are used to calculate values of complex Hex positions recursively starting from the simplest ones. We explain how this approach is implemented in HEXY—the strongest Hex-playing computer program, the Gold medallist of the 5th Computer Olympiad in London, August 2000.  2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Effectiveness ofAlcohol Brief Intervention in a General Hospital : A Randomized Controlled Trial

JEAN M. MCQUEEN, PH.D.,a,* TRACEY E. HOWE, PH.D.,b CLAIRE BALLINGER, PH.D.,c & JON GODWIN, PH.D.b aInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, UK bSchool of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK cNational Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care, Wessex, University of Southampton, UK
Cognitive radio transceivers: RF, spectrum sensing, and learning algorithms review

A cognitive transceiver is required to opportunistically use vacant spectrum resources licensed to primary users.Thus, it relies on a complete adaptive behavior composed of: reconfigurable radio frequency (RF) parts, enhanced spectrum sensing algorithms, and sophisticated machine learning techniques. In this paper, we present a review of the recent advances in CR transceivers hardware design and algorithms. For the RF part, three types of antennas are presented: UWB antennas, frequency-reconfigurable/tunable antennas, and UWB antennas with reconfigurable band notches. The main challenges faced by the design of the other RF blocks are also discussed. Sophisticated spectrum sensing algorithms that overcome main sensing challenges such as model uncertainty, hardware impairments, and wideband sensing are highlighted. The cognitive engine features are discussed. Moreover, we study unsupervised classification algorithms and a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that has been proposed to perform decisionmaking in CR networks.
Coping styles in animals: current status in behavior and stress-physiology

This paper summarizes the current views on coping styles as a useful concept in understanding individual adaptive capacity and vulnerability to stress-related disease. Studies in feral populations indicate the existence of a proactive and a reactive coping style. These coping styles seem to play a role in the population ecology of the species. Despite domestication, genetic selection and inbreeding, the same coping styles can, to some extent, also be observed in laboratory and farm animals. Coping styles are characterized by consistent behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics, some of which seem to be causally linked to each other. Evidence is accumulating that the two coping styles might explain a differential vulnerability to stress mediated disease due to the differential adaptive value of the two coping styles and the accompanying neuroendocrine differentiation.
Nonlinear resonance in systems of conservation laws

The Riemann problem for a general inhomogeneous system of conservation laws is solved in a neighborhood of a state at which one of the nonlinear waves in the problem takes on a zero speed. The inhomogeneity is modeled by a linearly degenerate field. The solution ofthe Riemann problem determines the nature of wave interactions, and thus the Riemann problem serves as a canonical form for nonlinear systems of conservation laws. Generic conditions on the fluxes are stated and it is proved that under these conditions, the solution of the Riemann problem exists, is unique, and has a fixed structure; this demonstrates that, in the above sense, resonant inhomogeneous systems generically have the same canonical form. The wave curves for these systems are only Lipschitz continuous in a neighborhood of the states where the wave speeds coincide, and so, in contrast to strictly hyperbolic systems, the implicit function theorem cannot be applied directly to obtain existence and uniqueness. Here we show that existence and uniqueness for the Riemann problem is a consequence of the uniqueness of intersection points of Lipschitz continuous manifolds of complementary dimensions. These systems are resonant for two reasons: The linearized problem exhibits classical resonant behavior, while the nonlinear initial value problem exhibits a "nonlinear resonance" in the sense that wave speeds from different families of waves are not distinct; so the number of times a pair of waves can interact in a given solution cannot be bounded a priori. Since waves are reflected in other families every time a pair of waves interact, a proliferation of reflected waves can occur by the interaction of a single pair of waves. Examples of resonant inhomogeneous systems are observed in model problems for the flow of a gas in a variable area duct and in Buckley-Leverett systems that model multiphase flow in a porous medium.