LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Toward accurate dynamic time warping in linear time and space

ion speeds up the DTW algorithm by operating on a reduced representation of the data. These algorithms include IDDTW [3], PDTW [13], and COW [2] . The left side of Figure 5 shows a full-resolution cost matrix for which a minimum-distance warp path must be found. Rather than running DTW on the full resolution (1/1) cost matrix, the time series are reduced in size to make the number of cells in the cost matrix more manageable. A warp path is found for the lowerresolution time series and is mapped back to full resolution. The resulting speedup depends on how much abstraction is used. Obviously, the calculated warp path becomes increasingly inaccurate as the level of abstraction increases. Projecting the low resolution warp path to the full resolution usually creates a warp path that is far from optimal. This is because even IF an optimal warp path passes through the low-resolution cell, projecting the warp path to the higher resolution ignores local variations in the warp path that can be very significant. Indexing [9][14] uses lower-bounding functions to prune the number of times DTW is run for similarity search [17]. Indexing speeds up applications in which DTW is used, but it does not make up the actual DTW calculation any more efficient. Our FastDTW algorithm uses ideas from both the constraints and abstraction approaches. Using a combination of both overcomes many limitations of using either method individually, and yields an accurate algorithm that is O(N) in both time and space complexity. Our multi-level approach is superficially similar to IDDTW [3] because they both evaluate several different resolutions. However, IDDTW simply executes PDTW [13] at increasingly higher resolutions until a desired “accuracy” is achieved. IDDTW does not project low resolution solutions to higher resolutions. In Section 4, we will demonstrate that these methods are more inaccurate than our method given the same amount of execution time. Projecting warp paths to higher resolutions is also done in the construction of “Match Webs” [15]. However, their approach is still O(N) due to the simultaneous search for many warp paths (they call them “chains”). A multi-resolution approach in their application also could not continue down to the low resolutions without severely reducing the number of “chains” that could be found. Some recent research [18] asserts that there is no need to speed up the original DTW algorithm. However, this is only true under the following (common) conditions: 1) Tight Constraints A relatively strict near-linear warp path is allowable. 2) Short Time Series All time series are short enough for the DTW algorithm to execute quickly. (~3,000 points if a warp path is needed, or ~100,000 if no warp path is needed and the user has a lot of patience).
Theoretical perspectives in medical education: past experience and future possibilities.

CONTEXT
Pedagogical practices reflect theoretical perspectives and beliefs that people hold about learning. Perspectives on learning are important because they influence almost all decisions about curriculum, teaching and assessment. Since Flexner's 1910 report on medical education, significant changes in perspective have been evident. Yet calls for major reform of medical education may require a broader conceptualisation of the educational process.


PAST AND CURRENT PERSPECTIVES
Medical education has emerged as a complex transformative process of socialisation into the culture and profession of medicine. Theory and research, in medical education and other fields, have contributed important understanding. Learning theories arising from behaviourist, cognitivist, humanist and social learning traditions have guided improvements in curriculum design and instruction, understanding of memory, expertise and clinical decision making, and self-directed learning approaches. Although these remain useful, additional perspectives which recognise the complexity of education that effectively fosters the development of knowledge, skills and professional identity are needed.


FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Socio-cultural learning theories, particularly situated learning, and communities of practice offer a useful theoretical perspective. They view learning as intimately tied to context and occurring through participation and active engagement in the activities of the community. Legitimate peripheral participation describes learners' entry into the community. As learners gain skill, they assume more responsibility and move more centrally. The community, and the people and artefacts within it, are all resources for learning. Learning is both collective and individual. Social cognitive theory offers a complementary perspective on individual learning. Situated learning allows the incorporation of other learning perspectives and includes workplace learning and experiential learning. Viewing medical education through the lens of situated learning suggests teaching and learning approaches that maximise participation and build on community processes to enhance both collective and individual learning.
Tactile sensitivity in Asperger syndrome

People with autism and Asperger syndrome are anecdotally said to be hypersensitive to touch. In two experiments, we measured tactile thresholds and suprathreshold tactile sensitivity in a group of adults with Asperger syndrome. In the first experiment, tactile perceptual thresholds were measured. Two frequencies of vibrotactile stimulation were used: 30 and 200 Hz. The results demonstrated significantly lower tactile perceptual thresholds in the Asperger group at 200 Hz but not at 30 Hz, thus confirming tactile hypersensitivity but only for one class of stimulus. A second experiment investigated whether self-produced movement affected the perception of touch in a group of adults with Asperger syndrome. A suprathreshold tactile stimulus was produced either by the participant (self-produced condition) or by the experimenter (externally produced condition) and participants were asked to rate the perception of the tactile stimulation. The results demonstrated that, while both Asperger and control groups rated self-produced touch as less tickly than external touch, the Asperger group rated both types of tactile stimulus as significantly more tickly and intense than did the control group. This experiment confirms the finding of tactile hypersensitivity, but shows that the perceptual consequences of self-produced touch are attenuated in the normal way in people with Asperger syndrome. An abnormality in this process cannot therefore account for their tactile hypersensitivity.
Treatment outcomes in depression: comparison of remote treatment through telepsychiatry to in-person treatment.

OBJECTIVE
Telepsychiatry is an increasingly common method of providing psychiatric care, but randomized trials of telepsychiatric treatment compared to in-person treatment have not been done. The primary objective of this study was to compare treatment outcomes of patients with depressive disorders treated remotely by means of telepsychiatry to outcomes of depressed patients treated in person. Secondary objectives were to determine if patients' rates of adherence to and satisfaction with treatment were as high with telepsychiatric as with in-person treatment and to compare costs of telepsychiatric treatment to costs of in-person treatment.


METHOD
In this randomized, controlled trial, 119 depressed veterans referred for outpatient treatment were randomly assigned to either remote treatment by means of telepsychiatry or in-person treatment. Psychiatric treatment lasted 6 months and consisted of psychotropic medication, psychoeducation, and brief supportive counseling. Patients' treatment outcomes, satisfaction, and adherence and the costs of treatment were compared between the two conditions.


RESULTS
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory scores improved over the treatment period and did not differ between treatment groups. The two groups were equally adherent to appointments and medication treatment. No between-group differences in dropout rates or patients' ratings of satisfaction with treatment were found. Telepsychiatry was more expensive per treatment session, but this difference disappeared if the costs of psychiatrists' travel to remote clinics more than 22 miles away from the medical center were considered. Telepsychiatry did not increase the overall health care resource consumption of the patients during the study period.


CONCLUSIONS
Remote treatment of depression by means of telepsychiatry and in-person treatment of depression have comparable outcomes and equivalent levels of patient adherence, patient satisfaction, and health care cost.
Treatments of clinical mastitis occurring in cows on 51 large dairy herds in Wisconsin.

Antimicrobials are frequently used for treatment of bovine mastitis and few studies have examined modern treatment strategies on large US dairy farms. The objective of this study was to describe treatment practices for clinical mastitis occurring in cows on large dairy herds in Wisconsin. Treatments performed on 747 cows experiencing cases of mild, moderate, or severe symptoms of clinical mastitis were recorded on 51 Wisconsin dairy farms. Duplicate milk samples were collected from the affected quarter for microbiological analysis at the onset of clinical mastitis and 14 to 21 d after treatment ended. Cows were treated according to individual farm protocol. Drugs and doses used for treatments were recorded for each case. Among all herds, 5 intramammary (IMM) antimicrobials (amoxicillin, hetacillin, pirlimycin, ceftiofur, and cephapirin) were used to treat cows for clinical mastitis. Of 712 cows with complete treatment data, 71.6% were treated with IMM ceftiofur either solely or combined with other antimicrobials (administered either IMM or systemically). Of cows experiencing severe symptoms of clinical mastitis, 43.8% received IMM treatment concurrent with systemic antimicrobials. Of all cows treated, 23.1% received an additional secondary treatment (either IMM, systemic, or both) because of perceived lack of response to the initial treatment. The majority of IMM treatments were administered to cows with a microbiological diagnosis of no growth (34.9%) or Escherichia coli (27.2%). Half of the cows experiencing cases caused by E. coli were treated using systemic antimicrobials in contrast to only 6.8% of cows experiencing cases caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. In conflict with FDA regulations, which do not allow extra-label treatments using sulfonamides, a total of 22 cows from 8 farms were treated with systemic sulfadimethoxine either solely or in combination with oxytetracycline. Antimicrobial drugs were used on all herds and many cows received extra-label treatments. Great opportunity exists to improve mastitis therapy on large dairy herds, but use of more diagnostic methodologies is necessary to guide treatments. Farmers and veterinarians should work together to create protocols based on the herd needs considering reduced inappropriate and excessive use of antimicrobials.
Graph Layout Problems Parameterized by Vertex Cover

In the framework of parameterized complexity, one of the most commonly used structural parameters is the treewidth of the input graph. The reason for this is that most natural graph problems turn out to be fixed parameter tractable when parameterized by treewidth. However, Graph Layout problems are a notable exception. In particular, no fixed parameter tractable algorithms are known for the Cutwidth, Bandwidth, Imbalance and Distortion problems parameterized by treewidth. In fact, Bandwidth remains NP-complete even restricted to trees. A possible way to attack graph layout problems is to consider structural parameterizations that are stronger than treewidth. In this paper we study graph layout problems parameterized by the size of the minimum vertex cover of the input graph. We show that all the mentioned problems are fixed parameter tractable. Our basic ingredient is a classical algorithm for Integer Linear Programming when parameterized by dimension, designed by Lenstra and later improved by Kannan. We hope that our results will serve to re-emphasize the importance and utility of this algorithm.
Localization-Aware Active Learning for Object Detection

Active learning—a class of algorithms that iteratively searches for the most informative samples to include in a training dataset—has been shown to be effective at annotating data for image classification. However, the use of active learning for object detection is still largely unexplored as determining informativeness of an object-location hypothesis is more difficult. In this paper, we address this issue and present two metrics for measuring the informativeness of an object hypothesis, which allow us to leverage active learning to reduce the amount of annotated data needed to achieve a target object detection performance. Our first metric measures “localization tightness” of an object hypothesis, which is based on the overlapping ratio between the region proposal and the final prediction. Our second metric measures “localization stability” of an object hypothesis, which is based on the variation of predicted object locations when input images are corrupted by noise. Our experimental results show that by augmenting a conventional active-learning algorithm designed for classification with the proposed metrics, the amount of labeled training data required can be reduced up to 25%. Moreover, on PASCAL 2007 and 2012 datasets our localization-stability method has an average relative improvement of 96.5% and 81.9% over the base-line method using classification only. Asian Conference on Computer Vision This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright c © Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc., 2018 201 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Localization-Aware Active Learning for Object
Smart contracts: security patterns in the ethereum ecosystem and solidity

Smart contracts that build up on blockchain technologies are receiving great attention in new business applications and the scientific community, because they allow untrusted parties to manifest contract terms in program code and thus eliminate the need for a trusted third party. The creation process of writing well performing and secure contracts in Ethereum, which is today’s most prominent smart contract platform, is a difficult task. Research on this topic has only recently started in industry and science. Based on an analysis of collected data with Grounded Theory techniques, we have elaborated several common security patterns, which we describe in detail on the basis of Solidity, the dominating programming language for Ethereum. The presented patterns describe solutions to typical security issues and can be applied by Solidity developers to mitigate typical attack scenarios.
Bearing-only SLAM in Indoor Environments Using a Modified Particle Filter

The implementation of a particle filter (PF) for vision-based simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAtvI) for a mobile robot in an unstructured indoor environment is presented in this paper. Variations to standard PF are proposed to remedy the sample impoverishment problem in bearing-only SLAM. A CCD camera mounted on the robot is used as the measuring device and image quality is incorporated into data association, PF update and map management. A passive path control strategy to maintain the accuracy of the SLAM process is also illustrated. Experimental results from an implementation using real-life data acquired from a Pioneer robot are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Edge coloring of bipartite graphs with constraints

It is a classical result from graph theory that the edges of an l{regular bipartite graph can be colored using exactly l colors so that edges that share an endpoint are assigned diierent colors. In this paper we study two constrained versions of the bipartite edge coloring problem. { Some of the edges adjacent to a pair of opposite vertices of an l-regular bipartite graph are already colored with S colors that appear only on one edge (single colors) and D colors that appear in two edges (double colors). We show that the rest of the edges can be colored using at most maxfminfl+D; 3l 2 g; l+ S+D 2 g total colors. We also show that this bound is tight by constructing instances in which maxfminfl + D; 3l 2 g; l + S+D 2 g colors are indeed necessary. { Some of the edges of an l-regular bipartite graph are already colored with S colors that appear only on one edge. We show that the rest of the edges can be colored using at most maxfl + S=2; Sg total colors. We also show that this bound is tight by constructing instances in which maxfl + S=2; Sg total colors are necessary.
Real-life safety and effectiveness of amlodipine/valsartan combination in the treatment of hypertension.

INTRODUCTION
The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the free combination of amlodipine/valsartan in patients with arterial hypertension in a real-life setting.


METHODS
This was a multicenter, open-label, observational, noninterventional, postmarketing surveillance study conducted in 298 centers in China, Malaysia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, and Russia. We evaluated changes in heart rate, systolic and diastolic office blood pressure (BP), as well as BP control rate (<140/90 mmHg) overall, and in clinically relevant subgroups of hypertensive patients (BP >140/90 mmHg) after 12 weeks of treatment with 5/10 mg amlodipine and 80/160 mg valsartan combination.


RESULTS
Two thousand seven hundred and eighty-five patients with arterial hypertension were enrolled, 52 discontinued (eight due to adverse events), and four patients' data were missing. In total, 2729 patients completed the study: mean age 57.9 years, 54.5% men, 54.2% Asian, 44.6% Caucasian; 86.5% had prior hypertension treatment (which was discontinued), baseline BP was 163.1/96.2 mmHg. The significant reduction in BP (-33.2/-16.9 mmHg, P<0.0001) was achieved with amlodipine/valsartan treatment resulting in a final BP of 129.9/79.3 mmHg. A dose-dependent effect was observed with the least BP reduction for 5/80 mg (-29.2/-15.1 mmHg, P<0.0001) and the greatest for the 10/160 mg dose regimen (-43.6/-22.4 mmHg, P<0.0001). Treatment response increased with increasing initial severity of hypertension with the least BP reduction in patients with baseline grade 1 hypertension BP level (SBP 140-159 mmHg): -20.0/-13.4 mmHg, P<0.0001, and the greatest BP drops observed in grade 3 hypertensive patients with baseline systolic BP over 200 mmHg: -73.1/-26.3 mmHg, P<0.0001. Patients with isolated systolic hypertension had BP reductions of -24.2/-4.8 mmHg, P<0.0001.


CONCLUSION
An optimal BP reduction was achieved for all hypertension grades as well as isolated systolic hypertension, providing evidence that most hypertensive patients may benefit from amlodipine/valsartan combination treatment.
Application of Watson Caring Theory for Nurses in Pediatric Critical Care Unit

Caring is considered as the essence of nursing and is the basic factor that distinguishes between nurses and other health professions. The literature is rich of previous studies that focused on perceptions of nurses toward nurse caring behaviors, but less studywas applied in pediatric nurses in different settings. Aim of the study:evaluate the effect of application of Watson caring theory for nurses in pediatric critical care unit. Method(s): A convenience sample of 70 nurses of Pediatric Critical Care Unit in El-Menoufya University Hospital and educational hospital in ShebenElkom.were completed the demographics questionnaire, and the Caring Behavior Assessment (CBA) questionnaire,medical record to collect medical data regarding children characteristics such as age and diagnosis, Interviewing questionnaire for nurses regarding their barrier to less interest of comfort behavior such as doing doctor order, Shortage of nursing staff, Large number of patients, Heavy workloads, Secretarial jobs for nurses and Emotional stress. Results: more thantwothirds of nurses in study group and majority of control group had age less than 30 years, there were highly statistically significant difference related to mean scores for Caring Behavior Assessment (CBA) as rated by nurses in pretest (1.4750 to 2.0750) than in posttest (3.5 to 4.55). Also, near to two-thirds (64.3%) of the nurses stated that doing doctor order act as a barrier to apply this theory. In addition, there were a statistical significance difference between educational qualifications of nurses and a Supportive\ protective\corrective environment subscale with mean score for master degree 57.0000, also between years of experiences and human needs assistance. Conclusion: Program instructions for all nurses to apply Watson Caring theory for children in pediatric critical care unit were successful and effective and this study provided evidence for application of this theory for different departments in all settings. Recommendations: It was recommended that In-service training programs for nurses about caring behavior and its different areas, with special emphasis on communication are needed to improve their own behaviors in all aspects of the caring behaviors for all health care settings. Motivating hospital authorities to recruit more nurses, then, the nurses would be able to have more care that is direct. Consequently, the amount and the quality of nurse-child communication and opportunities for patient education would increase, this in turn improve child's outcome.
Depot Antipsychotic Drugs

The pharmacokinetics of depot antipsychotic medications are such that an intramuscular injection given at intervals of from 1 to 4 weeks will produce adequate plasma concentrations that are sufficient to prevent relapse over the dosage interval. Such medication is useful in patients who do not reliably take their oral medication. The pharmacokinetics and clinical actions of various depot formulations of antispychotic drugs have been extensively studied. Unfortunately, patients who do not reliably take their oral medications are unlikely to volunteer for controlled studies. This is because the same factors that influence a patient to not cooperate with the physician in taking the medication as prescribed will also interfere with their willingness to volunteer for research protocols. Thus, evidence from blinded controlled trials may not necessarily reflect the actual patient population at risk. We feel that particularly important evidence of efficacy of depot vs oral medication comes from mirror-image studies. In these trials, the number of hospitalisations after initiation of depot medication is compared with that observed when the patient was solely taking oral medication. Studies of this type show that depot medication substantially reduces the rate of relapse. There is considerable evidence about how long depot medications should be used. For many patients, depot medication to prevent relapse in schizophrenia should be used for the life of the patient. As the conventional antispychotic agents are replaced by a new generation of agents, the need for depot formulations will continue, and the knowledge gained about the current formulations should transfer to future generations of drugs.