LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Aquaporin Water Channels in the Mammary Gland: From Physiology to Pathophysiology and Neoplasia

Aquaporins are membrane proteins that play fundamental roles in water and small solute transport across epithelial and endothelial barriers. Recent studies suggest that several aquaporin proteins are present in the mammary gland. Immunohistochemical techniques have confirmed the presence of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and AQP3 water channels in rat, mouse, bovine and human mammary glands. Studies suggest that in addition to AQP1 and AQP3 AQP4, AQP5 and AQP7 proteins are expressed in different locations in the mammary gland. Aquaporins play key roles in tumor biology and are involved in cell growth, migration and formation of ascites via increased water permeability of micro-vessels. Emerging evidence suggests that expression of these proteins is altered in mammary tumors and in breast cancer cell lines although it is not yet clear whether this is a cause or a consequence of neoplastic development. This review analyzes the expression and potential functional roles of aquaporin water channels in the mammary gland. The physiological mechanisms involved in the transport of water and small solutes across mammary endothelial and epithelial barriers are discussed in the context of milk production and lactation. This paper also reviews papers from the recent cancer literature that implicate aquaporins in mammary neoplasia.
Temperature dependent study of neutron-rich thermally fissile 244−262Th and 246−264U nuclei within E-TRMF model

Abstract We have studied the fission parameters of hot neutron-rich thermally fissile T 244 − 262 h and U 246 − 264 nuclei within the temperature dependent effective field theory motivated relativistic mean field (E-TRMF) formalism by using the recently developed FSUGarnet and IOPB-I parameter sets. The results obtained by these two forces are compared with the results of the well known and widely accepted NL3 parameter set. The excitation energy E ⁎ , shell correction energy δ E s h e l l , single particle energy for neutrons and protons ϵ n , p , level density parameter a , neutron skin thickness Δ R , two neutron separation energy S 2 n , and asymmetry energy coefficient a s y m of these neutron-rich thermally fissile nuclei are calculated at finite temperature. The dependency of level density parameter and other observables on the temperature and the force parameters (interaction Lagrangian) are discussed.
Evaluation of Android Using Unconscious Recognition

In human-robot interaction, both appearance and motion are essential aspects of the robot. We study human-robot interaction using an android that has human-like appearance. Mori (1970) hypothesized the 'uncanny valley' which describes a relationship between appearance of a robot and the feeling it produces in humans. To design robots that interact successfully with humans, we must know the structure of the uncanny valley. Humans show unconscious behaviors when interacting with another human. We expect the same behaviors when interacting with a very human-like robot. Then we can change appearance and motion to study how the unconscious behavior of the human changes. In this way, we explore the uncanny valley. The unconscious behavior we consider in this study is gaze behavior. It has been found (McCarthy et al., 2001 and 2003) that eye movements are used to send social signals during conversation. In particular, when thinking about the answer to a question, humans tend to look away from the questioner. We hypothesize that if the human-likeness of the questioner changes, this gaze behavior also changes. We compare three different questioners: human, android and robot with a 'mechanical' appearance. We found that the subject changes gaze to the left of the face a longer time in case of a human or android questioner. The subject changes gaze to look down from the face in the case of a mechanical robot questioner. There is a significant difference between these two behaviors. We conclude that the android questioner is unconsciously treated in the same way as the human questioner. The mechanical robot is treated differently from the human questioner. These results will become clues to the uncanny valley and contribute to the progress of human-robot communication
Public library patrons' use of collaborative chat reference service: The effectiveness of question answering by question type

This study investigated the effectiveness of question answering by question types in the interinstitutional collaborative chat reference service at a public library system. In particular, this study examined whether subject-based research type questions are answered as effectively as simple factual type questions, and whether local-specific questions are answered as effectively as non-local questions in the inter-institutional chat reference service. Effectiveness was assessed in terms of answer completeness and user satisfaction. The analysis was based on user surveys and corresponding transcripts of 415 chat reference transactions initiated by patrons of a public library system. The study found little difference in the effectiveness of question answering between subject-based research and simple factual questions. However, local-specific questions, such as circulation-related and inquires about local library services, were answered less completely and patrons expressed lower levels of satisfaction compared to non-local questions. These findings indicate problems and gaps in coordinating the inter-institutional chat reference service among participating libraries. Implications to design seamless services in the collaborative service were discussed. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ⁎ Fax: +1 813 974 6840. E-mail address: nkwon@cas.usf.edu. 0740-8188/$ see front matter © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.lisr.2006.08.012 71 N. Kwon / Library & Information Science Research 29 (2007) 70–91
DDoS attack detection method using cluster analysis

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks generate enormous packets by a large number of agents and can easily exhaust the computing and communication resources of a victim within a short period of time. In this paper, we propose a method for proactive detection of DDoS attack by exploiting its architecture which consists of the selection of handlers and agents, the communication and compromise, and attack. We look into the procedures of DDoS attack and then select variables based on these features. After that, we perform cluster analysis for proactive detection of the attack. We experiment with 2000 DARPA Intrusion Detection Scenario Specific Data Set in order to evaluate our method. The results show that each phase of the attack scenario is partitioned well and we can detect precursors of DDoS attack as well as the attack itself. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
High-Dose Aspirin Is Required to Influence Plasma Fibrin Network Structure in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE
Patients with type 1 diabetes form a less permeable fibrin network, which could contribute to their increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low-dose aspirin treatment is the standard in the management of CVD; however, the effect seems reduced in patients with diabetes. We investigated the effects of low- and high-dose aspirin treatment on fibrin network formation in patients with type 1 diabetes (primary aim) and the possible interaction between the treatment effects of aspirin on fibrin network permeability and glycemic control in these patients (secondary aim).


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Forty-eight patients (24 subjects with good [HbA(1c) <7.4%] and 24 subjects with poor [HbA(1c) >8.4%] glycemic control) were randomly assigned to treatment with 75 or 320 mg/day aspirin during 4 weeks in a crossover fashion. A 4-week washout period separated the treatment periods. The plasma fibrin network was assessed by determination of the permeability coefficient (K(s)).


RESULTS
Treatment with 75 mg aspirin did not influence fibrin network permeability (K(s)). However, K(s) increased significantly during treatment with 320 mg aspirin (P = 0.004), and a significant treatment effect was seen compared with treatment with 75 mg aspirin (P = 0.009). The increase in K(s) during high-dose aspirin treatment was significant in patients with poor glycemic control (P = 0.02), whereas K(s) only tended to increase in patients with good glycemic control (P = 0.06).


CONCLUSIONS
A high dose of aspirin is required to influence fibrin network permeability in patients with type 1 diabetes. The observed lack of effect with low-dose aspirin may contribute to aspirin treatment failure in diabetes.
Women's preferences for men's beards show no relation to their ovarian cycle phase and sex hormone levels

According to the ovulatory shift hypothesis, women's mate preferences for male morphology indicative of competitive ability, social dominance, and/or underlying health are strongest at the peri-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle. However, recent meta-analyses are divided on the robustness of such effects and the validity of the often-used indirect estimates of fertility and ovulation has been called into question in methodological studies. In the current study, we test whether women's preferences for men's beardedness, a cue of male sexual maturity, androgenic development and social dominance, are stronger at the peri-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle compared to during the early follicular or the luteal phase. We also tested whether levels of estradiol, progesterone, and the estradiol to progesterone ratio at each phase were associated with facial hair preferences. Fifty-two heterosexual women completed a two-alternative forced choice preference test for clean-shaven and bearded male faces during the follicular, peri-ovulatory (validated by the surge in luteinizing hormone or the drop in estradiol levels) and luteal phases. Participants also provided for one entire menstrual cycle daily saliva samples for subsequent assaying of estradiol and progesterone. Results showed an overall preference for bearded over clean-shaven faces at each phase of the menstrual cycle. However, preferences for facial hair were not significantly different over the phases of menstrual cycle and were not significantly associated with levels of reproductive hormones. We conclude that women's preferences for men's beardedness may not be related to changes in their likelihood of conception.
State-of-Health Estimation of Li-ion Batteries: Ageing Models

Significant research efforts are being made to understand, and ultimately mitigate, the degradation of Li-ion batteries upon usage. Currently, battery ageing models are used in order to optimise the battery usage and to achieve robust battery solutions. The purpose with this work is to obtain deeper understanding of the ageing factors for high-power graphite || LiFePO4 cells and to develop a semi-empirical ageing model suitable for use in the full-vehicle simulations. Extensive laboratory tests of commercially available graphite || LiFePO4 cells were conducted with special focus on high charge and discharge rates at temperatures between +23 °C and +53 °C. Furthermore, cells were aged according to measured and simulated load profiles from heavy-duty HEVs and PHEVs. The results were analysed using ex situ techniques such as incremental analysis and fitted towards half-cells voltage profiles. Specifically, ageing tests with 4 C-rate charge rate in combination with 1 C-rate discharge, and cycles with pauses between steps, were found to degrade the cells significantly faster than cycles with 4 C-rate in both charge and discharge. This behaviour was also observed for the PHEV cycles with charging at 4 C-rate. In addition, post mortem analyses were performed on selected cells, both on electrodes and electrolytes, suggesting that the electrode degradation is unevenly distributed. A segmented 1D semi-empirical lumped-circuit cell model was designed and coupled to a state-of-health ageing algorithm based on the test results. This model was subsequently used to forecast ageing rates and showed promising results for HEV load cycles, indicating that the cell degradation is unevenly distributed with the most severe ageing occurring close to the separator. In contrast, the model could not forecast the ageing accurately for some specific cases with high charge rates combined with low discharge rates, indicating that additional ageing mechanisms must be included to model the ageing at such severe load conditions.
The Many Worlds Interpretation

We explore the Many-Worlds Interpretation of quantum mechanics, beginning with a discussion of the original proposal by Everett, and extending to a discussion of modern manyworlds ideas, including discussion of some current criticisms of the many-worlds interpretation.
Interpretation of infrared and Raman spectra of amorphous carbon nitrides

A general framework for the interpretation of infrared and Raman spectra of amorphous carbon nitrides is presented. In the first part of this paper we examine the infrared spectra. The peaks around 1350 and 1550 cm found in the infrared spectrum of amorphous carbon nitride or hydrogenated and hydrogen-free amorphous carbon are shown to originate from the large dynamic charge of the more delocalized p bon ing which occurs in moresp bonded networks. The IR absorption decreases strongly when the p bonding becomes localized, as in tetrahedral amorphous carbon. Isotopic substitution is used to assign the modes to C vC skeleton modes, even those modes around 1600 cm 21 which become strongly enhanced by the presence of hydrogen. The infrared spectrum of carbon nitride may resemble the Raman spectrum at some excitation energy, but the infrared activity does not primarily result from nitrogen breaking the symmetry. In the second part we examine the Raman spectra. A general model is presented for the interpretation of the Raman spectra of amorphous carbon nitrides measured at any excitation energy. The Raman spectra can be explained in terms of an amorphous carbon based model, without need of extra peaks due to CN, NN, or NH modes. We classify amorphous carbon nitride films in four classes, according to the corresponding N-free film: a-C:N, a-C:H:N, ta-C:H:N, and ta-C:N. We analyze a wide variety of samples for the four classes and present the Raman spectra as a function of N content, sp content, and band gap. In all cases, a multiwavelength Raman study allows a direct correlation of the Raman parameters with the N content, which is not generally possible for single wavelength excitation. The G peak dispersion emerges as a most informative parameter for Raman analysis. UV Raman enhances the sp CN peak, which is usually too faint to be seen in visible excitation. As for N-free samples, UV Raman also enhances the C-C sp bonds vibrations, allowing the sp content to be quantified.
INTRODUCTION OF THE LATEST HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

From the social background of global warming issue, earth environment protection issue and the rise of oil price,the demand of the improvement of fuel economy and CO2 reduction to a vehicle is very high nowadays. Continuously variable transmission (CVT) adoption has been recently increased to respond such social demand. JATCO is now also expanding the lineup of CVT as new solution for vehicle automatic transmission. In CVT, the shift control hydraulic pressure is a little bit higher than that of conventional stepwise shifting automatic transmission. So, unstable behavior of pressure is sometimes caused, for example, pressure oscillation. Such issue should be solved in early development stage. In this paper, we would like to introduce the feature and the techniques of oil pressure control system of CVT as an example of latest hydraulic control system for automatic transmission. And we would like to introduce our recent simulation for the optimal design of hydraulic control system.
Triple endobutton technique in acromioclavicular joint reduction and reconstruction.

INTRODUCTION
Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation is a common injury often affecting young athletes. Cyclist, ice hockey players, weight lifters, rugby players and martial exponents are the most common athletes sustaining these injuries. Majority of these athletes sustain highgrade injuries requiring surgical management to allow them to return to their sports.


METHODS
The author describes a new technique to reduce and maintain reduction of the coraco-clavicular interval, using 3 low profile metallic buttons technique. The fixation device comprises 3 endobuttons (Acufex, Smith & Nephew, Andover, MA) and 2 #5 FibrewireTM suture. Two endobuttons will sit on the clavicle and the third will be flipped at the undersurface of the coracoid. The proposed advantages include a non-rigid fixation of the AC joint which maintains reduction yet allowing for normal movement at the joint. The "snow shoe" hold on cortical bone means that the implant should withstand cyclic loading without cutting out from the bone. The theoretical strength of the fixation is also superior than the original strength of the coracoclavicular ligaments. The relatively low profile means that there is no need for removal of implant.


RESULTS
The author has utilised this fixation technique on 5 patients. All the patients had strong intraoperative fixation. Immediate, 2 weeks and 6 months postoperative radiographs demonstrated excellent reduction of the coracoclavicular interval and the AC joint.


CONCLUSION
The short-term follow-up with this technique proves to be a safe and effective way for providing fixation for the ACJ.
Lower face reduction with full-thickness marginal ostectomy of mandibular corpus-angle followed by corticectomy.

BACKGROUND
In Asian countries, many patients with a prominent mandibular angle desire its correction, because they consider it to be an unappealing feature. Reduction mandibuloplasty has been frequently performed through the intraoral approach, but an invisible mandibular angle forces the surgeon to perform blind ostectomy. In addition, the limited mobility of the oscillating saw leads to semi-vertical ostectomy, and leaves unnatural mandibular contours, such as loss of the mandibular angle.


METHODS
To overcome the drawbacks of conventional procedures, we performed en bloc mandibular corpus-angle ostectomy using a contra-angle handpiece and subsequent corticectomy in 519 patients with prominent mandibular angles. A retractor with an endoscope was supportively used in 190 patients. A pre- and postoperative cephalogram was taken in 86 patients, and the gonial angle (GA) and the mandibular plane angle to the Frankfort horizontal plane (MPA) were measured.


RESULTS
The majority of patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results. GA and MPA were increased by approximately 10 degrees. GA was successfully improved to within the pre-set desired range in 84.5% and 60.0% of the female and male patients, respectively. The overall complication rate was 4.0%; all of these were minor complications, and no major complication such as malfracture or facial nerve injury was seen.


CONCLUSIONS
Our new technique allows surgeons to perform accurate, safe and reproducible ostectomies and to reshape prominent angles to more natural-looking ones with smooth ostectomised borders.
Development of the Healthy Pathways Parent-Report Scales

To describe the development of the Healthy Pathways Parent-Report Scales, measures of health, illness, well-being, and achievement among youth in middle childhood and adolescence. The Healthy Pathways Scales were derived from the Child Health and Illness Profile (CHIP) instruments. The CHIP domains of Comfort, Risk Avoidance, Satisfaction, and Resilience were modified to reflect advances in child health conceptualization. Classical test and modern psychometric analyses were conducted using data collected from 1,527 parents of children aged 9–14 years. Intra-class correlation and differential item functioning analyses were used to evaluate the extent of child–parent agreement on the Healthy Pathways Scales. After minor revisions, 11 of the 12 scales were found to measure unidimensional parent-assessed outcomes comprehensively (full range of the latent trait) and efficiently (a minimal number of items). Scales were unbiased by age, gender, and geographic location. The construct validity of the scales was supported by their capacity to differentiate children with and without chronic illnesses and to detect expected age and gender differences. Child–parent agreement was poor to moderate at both the scale and item levels. The Healthy Pathways Parent-Report Scales may be used to reliably, accurately, and efficiently assess unidimensional aspects of health, illness, well-being, and achievement in clinical and population-based research studies involving youth in middle childhood and adolescence.
Preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infection in the United States: a national comparative study.

IMPORTANCE
Despite the national goal to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) by 25% by 2013, limited data exist describing prevention practices for CAUTI in US hospitals and none associate national practice use to CAUTI-specific standardized infection ratios (SIRs).


OBJECTIVES
To identify practices currently used to prevent CAUTI and to compare use and SIRs for a national sample of US hospitals with hospitals in the state of Michigan, which launched a CAUTI prevention initiative in 2007 ("Keystone Bladder Bundle Initiative").


DESIGN AND SETTING
In 2009, we surveyed infection preventionists at a sample of US hospitals and all Michigan hospitals. CAUTI rate differences between Michigan and non-Michigan hospitals were assessed using SIRs.


PARTICIPANTS
A total of 470 infection preventionists.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Reported regular use of CAUTI prevention practices and CAUTI-specific SIR data.


RESULTS
Michigan hospitals, compared with hospitals in the rest of the United States, more frequently participated in collaboratives to reduce health care-associated infection (94% vs 67%, P < .001) and used bladder scanners (53% vs 39%, P = .04), as well as catheter reminders or stop orders and/or nurse-initiated discontinuation (44% vs 23%, P < .001). More frequent use of preventive practices coincided with a 25% reduction in CAUTI rates in the state of Michigan, a significantly greater reduction than the 6% overall decrease observed in the rest of the United States.


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
We observed more frequent use of key prevention practices and a lower rate of CAUTI in Michigan hospitals relative to non-Michigan hospitals. This may be related to Michigan's significantly higher use of practices aimed at timely removal of urinary catheters, the key focus area of Michigan's Keystone Bladder Bundle Initiative.
Cultural Fits and Misfits: Is ERP a Universal Solution?

E RP software packages that manage and integrate business processes across organizational functions and locations cost millions of dollars to buy, several times as much to implement, and necessitate disruptive organizational change. While some companies have enjoyed significant gains, others have had to scale back their projects and accept minimal benefits, or even abandon implementation of ERP projects [4]. Historically, a common problem when adopting package software has been the issue of “misfits,” that is, the gaps between the functionality offered by the package and that required by the adopting organization [1, 3]. As a result, organizations have had to choose among adapting to the new functionality, living with the shortfall, instituting workarounds, or customizing the package. ERP software, as a class of package software, also presents this problematic choice to organizations. The problem is exacerbated because ERP implementation is more complex due to cross-module integration, data standardization, adoption of the underlying business model (“best practices”), compressed implementation schedule, and the involvement of a large number of stakeholders. The knowledge gap among implementation personnel is usually significant. Few organizational users underChristina Soh, Sia Siew Kien, and Joanne Tay-Yap