LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Position of human blood group O(H) and phenotype-determining enzymes in growth and infectious disease.

The human ABO(H) blood group phenotypes arise from the evolutionarily oldest genetic system found in primate populations. While the blood group antigen A is considered the ancestral primordial structure, under the selective pressure of life-threatening diseases blood group O(H) came to dominate as the most frequently occurring blood group worldwide. Non-O(H) phenotypes demonstrate impaired formation of adaptive and innate immunoglobulin specificities due to clonal selection and phenotype formation in plasma proteins. Compared with individuals with blood group O(H), blood group A individuals not only have a significantly higher risk of developing certain types of cancer but also exhibit high susceptibility to malaria tropica or infection by Plasmodium falciparum. The phenotype-determining blood group A glycotransferase(s), which affect the levels of anti-A/Tn cross-reactive immunoglobulins in phenotypic glycosidic accommodation, might also mediate adhesion and entry of the parasite to host cells via trans-species O-GalNAc glycosylation of abundantly expressed serine residues that arise throughout the parasite's life cycle, while excluding the possibility of antibody formation against the resulting hybrid Tn antigen. In contrast, human blood group O(H), lacking this enzyme, is indicated to confer a survival advantage regarding the overall risk of developing cancer, and individuals with this blood group rarely develop life-threatening infections involving evolutionarily selective malaria strains.
Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 and tumor-infiltrating CD 8 T lymphocytes are prognostic factors of human ovarian cancer

The ligands for programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), an immunoinhibitory receptor belonging to CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 family, are PD-1 ligand 1 and 2 (PD-Ls). Recent reports suggest that the aberrant expression of PD-Ls on tumor cells impairs antitumor immunity, resulting in the immune evasion of the tumor cells. Although an inverse correlation between the expression level of PD-Ls and patients’ prognosis has been reported for several malignant tumors, the follow-up period was limited because of the lack of the antibody (Ab) applicable to paraffin-embedded specimens. Here we generated a new Ab against PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and analyzed the expression level of PD-Ls in human ovarian cancer using paraffin-embedded specimens. Patients with higher expression of PD-L1 had a significantly poorer prognosis than patients with lower expression. Although patients with higher expression of PD-1 ligand 2 also had a poorer prognosis, the difference was not statistically significant. A significant inverse correlation was observed between PD-L1 expression and the intraepithelial CD8 T lymphocyte count, suggesting that PD-L1 on tumor cells directly suppresses antitumor CD8 T cells. Multivariate analysis showed the expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells and intraepithelial CD8 T lymphocyte count are independent prognostic factors. The PD-1/ PD-L pathway can be a good target for restoring antitumor immunity in ovarian cancer.
From cosmology to ecology : the monist world-view in Germany from 1770 to 1930

Architects of the monist idea from Spinoza to Fechner - Ernst Haeckel's "Monismus" and its reception - Monist movement of the "Friedrichshagener" writers - Conclusion: monist musings at the dawn of a new century.
Why Amazon Chose TLA +

Since 2011, engineers at Amazon have been using TLA+ to help solve difficult design problems in critical systems. This paper describes the reasons why we chose TLA+ instead of other methods, and areas in which we would welcome further progress.
Assessing mammography film-reader performance

withdrawn ArticleInfo ArticleID : 601 ArticleDOI : 10.1186/1710-1492-10-S1-A43 ArticleCitationID : A43 ArticleSequenceNumber : 72 ArticleCategory : Meeting abstract ArticleFirstPage : 1 ArticleLastPage : 1 ArticleHistory : RegistrationDate : 2014–3–3 OnlineDate : 2014–3–3 ArticleCopyright : licensee BioMed Central Ltd.2014 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. ArticleGrants : ArticleContext : 132231010S1S1 PDF was created after publishing process.
Extended Kalman filtering for battery management systems of LiPB-based HEV battery packs Part 2 . Modeling and identification

Battery management systems in hybrid electric vehicle battery packs must estimate values descriptive of the pack’s present operating condition. These include: battery state of charge, power fade, capacity fade, and instantaneous available power. The estimation mechanism must adapt to changing cell characteristics as cells age and therefore provide accurate estimates over the lifetime of the pack. In a series of three papers, we propose a method, based on extended Kalman filtering (EKF), that is able to accomplish these goals on a lithium ion polymer battery pack. We expect that it will also work well on other battery chemistries. These papers cover the required mathematical background, cell modeling and system identification requirements, and the final solution, together with results. In order to use EKF to estimate the desired quantities, we first require a mathematical model that can accurately capture the dynamics of a cell. In this paper we “evolve” a suitable model from one that is very primitive to one that is more advanced and works well in practice. The final model includes terms that describe the dynamic contributions due to open-circuit voltage, ohmic loss, polarization time constants, electro-chemical hysteresis, and the effects of temperature. We also give a means, based on EKF, whereby the constant model parameters may be determined from cell test data. Results are presented that demonstrate it is possible to achieve root-mean-squared modeling error smaller than the level of quantization error expected in an implementation. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
One-to-one mobile technology in high school physics classrooms: Understanding its use and outcome

Xiaoming Zhai is a doctoral student in the Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, and is a visiting scholar in the College of Education, University of Washington. His research interests include physics assessment and evaluation, as well as technology-supported physics instruction. He has been a distinguished high school physics teacher who won numerous nationwide instructional awards. Meilan Zhang is an instructor in the Department of Teacher Education at University of Texas at El Paso. Her research focuses on improving student learning using mobile technology, understanding Internet use and the digital divide using big data from Internet search trends and Web analytics. Min Li is an Associate Professor in the College of Education, University of Washington. Her expertise is science assessment and evaluation, and quantitative methods. Address for correspondence: Xiaoming Zhai, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Room A321, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China. Email: xiaomingzh@mail.bnu.edu.cn
Correlation between Serum Total Testosterone and the AMS and IIEF Questionnaires in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction with Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between serum total testosterone levels and scores on the Aging Male's Symptom (AMS) scale and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) in men with erectile dysfunction with testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS).


MATERIALS AND METHODS
From January 2005 to July 2008, 134 patients who complained of sexual dysfunction such as erectile dysfunction or decreased libido as the main symptoms of TDS with serum total testosterone levels less than 3.5 ng/ml were evaluated by independent t-test and linear regression analysis, respectively. Patients with treated hypogonadism within 6 months, with a history of taking a PDE5 inhibitor or an antidepressant for a depressive disorder, or who had metabolic syndrome were excluded from this study.


RESULTS
The AMS scale and its 3 subdomain scores were not significantly correlated with the total testosterone level. By contrast, the total IIEF score and the score of each IIEF domain except sexual desire showed a weakly significantly positive correlation with serum total testosterone.


CONCLUSIONS
In TDS patients with erectile dysfunction, there was a low relationship between serum total testosterone levels and the AMS scale and a weakly positive correlation between total testosterone levels and all IIEF domains except sexual desire. There was a low relationship between the AMS scale, the sexual desire domain score of the IIEF, and total testosterone. We should understand these limitations when evaluating patients with erectile dysfunction with TDS. New scales should be developed for the evaluation of erectile dysfunction in these patients.
A Cu-Ni-Si-based copper alloy strip and its manufacturing method for an electronic material

A good balance of strength and electrical conductivity, moreover, provides a Cu-Si-Co alloy strip which hanging curl is suppressed. A Co: 0.5 to 2.5 wt%, Si: 0.1 to 0.7 containing mass%, the balance being a copper alloy strips for electronic material composed of Cu and unavoidable impurities, rolling surface with results obtained by X-ray diffraction pole figure measurement relative to the copper alloy strip satisfies the following a (a): (a) {200} of the diffraction peak intensity of β scanning in the alpha = 25 ° in the pole figure , the peak height of β angle 120 ° is more than 10 times relative to that of standard copper powder. .BACKGROUND
EDM Studies on Aluminum Alloy-Silicon Carbide Composites Developed by Vortex Technique and Pressure Die Casting

Aluminum based metal matrix composites (MMCs) offer potential for advanced structural applications when high specific strength and modulus, as well as good elevated temperature resistance, are important. In the present work, aluminum alloy-silicon carbide composites were developed using a new combination of vortex method and pressure die casting technique. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) studies were conducted on the aluminum alloy-silicon carbide composite work piece using a copper electrode in an Electrical Discharge Machine. The Material Removal Rate (MRR) and surface roughness of the work piece increases with an increase in the current. The MRR decreases with increase in the percent weight of silicon carbide. The surface finish of the machined work piece improves with percent weight of silicon carbide.
Do Acquisitions Relieve Target Firms' Financial Constraints?

Managers often claim that an important source of value in acquisitions is the acquiring firm’s ability to finance investments for the target firm. This claim implies that targets are financially constrained prior to being acquired and that these constraints are eased following the acquisition. We evaluate these predictions on a sample of 5,187 European acquisitions occurring between 2001 and 2008, for which we can observe the target’s financial policies both before and after the acquisition. We examine whether target firms’ post-acquisition financial policies reflect improved access to capital. We find that the level of cash target firms hold, the sensitivity of cash to cash flow, and the sensitivity of investment to cash flow all decline significantly, while investment significantly increases following the acquisition. These effects are stronger in deals that are more likely to be associated with financing improvements. These findings are consistent with the view that acquisitions ease financial frictions in target firms. *Contact information: Isil Erel, Department of Finance, Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210: email: erel@fisher.osu.edu; Yeejin Jang, Department of Finance, Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210: email: jang_122@fisher.osu.edu; Michael S. Weisbach, Department of Finance, Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, email: weisbach@fisher.osu.edu. Isil Erel and Michael Weisbach are Fellows of the National Center for the Middle Market at the Fisher College of Business, Ohio State University, and acknowledge the Center’s support for this research. We would like to thank Heitor Almeida, Bo Becker, Murillo Campello, Serdar Dinc, Mara Faccio, Joan Farre-Mensa, Antonio Galvao, Cam Harvey, Jerry Hoberg, Byoung-Hyoun Hwang, Andrew Karolyi, Berk Sensoy, René Stulz, Tracy Wang, Jun Yang, two referees, as well as seminar participants at Amsterdam, Boston College, Brandeis, Cornell, Michigan, Minnesota, Northeastern, Ohio State, Purdue, and UBC Winter Finance Conference for helpful suggestions. We received excellent research assistance from Jongsik Park.
Particle swarm optimization versus genetic algorithms for phased array synthesis

Particle swarm optimization is a recently invented high-performance optimizer that is very easy to understand and implement. It is similar in some ways to genetic algorithms or evolutionary algorithms, but requires less computational bookkeeping and generally only a few lines of code. In this paper, a particle swarm optimizer is implemented and compared to a genetic algorithm for phased array synthesis of a far-field sidelobe notch, using amplitude-only, phase-only, and complex tapering. The results show that some optimization scenarios are better suited to one method versus the other (i.e., particle swarm optimization performs better in some cases while genetic algorithms perform better in others), which implies that the two methods traverse the problem hyperspace differently. The particle swarm optimizer shares the ability of the genetic algorithm to handle arbitrary nonlinear cost functions, but with a much simpler implementation it clearly demonstrates good possibilities for widespread use in electromagnetic optimization.
A Review on Visible Light Active Perovskite-Based Photocatalysts

Perovskite-based photocatalysts are of significant interest in the field of photocatalysis. To date, several perovskite material systems have been developed and their applications in visible light photocatalysis studied. This article provides a review of the visible light (λ > 400 nm) active perovskite-based photocatalyst systems. The materials systems are classified by the B site cations and their crystal structure, optical properties, electronic structure, and photocatalytic performance are reviewed in detail. Titanates, tantalates, niobates, vanadates, and ferrites form important photocatalysts which show promise in visible light-driven photoreactions. Along with simple perovskite (ABO3) structures, development of double/complex perovskites that are active under visible light is also reviewed. Various strategies employed for enhancing the photocatalytic performance have been discussed, emphasizing the specific advantages and challenges offered by perovskite-based photocatalysts. This review provides a broad overview of the perovskite photocatalysts, summarizing the current state of the work and offering useful insights for their future development.
Hints for Wive--and Husbands

This article reveals, for the first time, the "humorous article"
read by Lucretia Mott at the historic 1848 Seneca Falls Women's Rights
Convention. Written by Mott's sister Martha Coffin Wright, it presents a
view of the gender roles in marriage very different from that expressed
in most literature of its time.
Role of de Broglie waves on origination of non-linear phenomena in torsion field and spin-to-spin interaction experiments

Nature is reach in examples of nonlinear behavior. It turns out that nonlinearity is the rule rather than the exception; the world must be described mathematically by equations that exhibit critical points and novel orders of behavior and cannot always be analyzed or decomposed into simpler forms. F. David Peat, SYNCRONICITY.
Evolutionary and mechanistic aspects of insect host plant preference

Plant feeding insects comprise about 25% of all animal species on earth and play an important role in all ecosystems. Although we understand that their association with plants is a key-factor drivi ...
Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of the effect of botulinum toxin on walking in cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND
Cerebral palsy is the commonest cause of severe physical disability in childhood. For many years treatment has centred on the use of physiotherapy and orthotics to overcome the problems of leg spasticity, which interferes with walking and can lead to limb deformity. Intramuscular botulinum toxin (BT-A) offers a targeted form of therapy to reduce spasticity in specific muscle groups.


AIMS
To determine whether intramuscular BT-A can improve walking in children with cerebral palsy.


DESIGN
Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial.


METHODS
Forty patients with spastic diplegia or hemiplegia were enrolled. Twenty two received botulinum toxin and 18 received placebo. The primary outcome measure was video gait analysis and secondary outcome measures were gross motor function measure (GMFM), physiological cost index (PCI), and passive ankle dorsiflexion.


RESULTS
Video gait analysis showed clinically and statistically significant improvement in initial foot contact following BT-A at six weeks and 12 weeks compared to placebo. Forty eight per cent of BT-A treated children showed clinical improvement in VGA compared to 17% of placebo treated children. The GMFM (walking dimension) showed a statistically significant improvement in favour of the botulinum toxin treated group. Changes in PCI and passive ankle dorsiflexion were not statistically significant.


CONCLUSION
The study gives further support to the use of intramuscular botulinum toxin type A as an adjunct to conventional physiotherapy and orthoses to reduce spasticity and improve functional mobility in children with spastic diplegic or hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
Virtual Fitting by Single-Shot Body Shape Estimation

We propose a novel virtual fitting system for seamlessly adjusting 2D clothing images to users by inferring their 3D body shape models from single-shot depth images. To increase fitting accuracy between virtual clothes and the body of the user, the system transforms and overlays the clothing image onto the body image in real time. Observations indicate that the system attains high fitting accuracy when overlaying clothing images captured from a person with a body shape similar to that of the user. We therefore develop a method for rapidly acquiring body shape models and selecting suitable clothing images based on shape similarity. We show a number of fitting results, and evaluate the fitting accuracy of both our method and an existing method without the consideration of the body shape.
Petrologic evolution of the San Juan volcanic field, southwestern Colorado: Pb and Sr isotope evidence

Abstract Two distinct suites of igneous rocks occur within the San Juan volcanic field: an Oligocene suite of predominantly intermediate-composition lavas and breccias, with associated silicic differentiates erupted mainly as ash-flow tuffs, and Neocene-Pliocene bimodal suite of silicic rhyolites and mafic alkalic lavas. The Oligocene volcanism, probably related to subduction along the western margin of the American plate, has chemical and isotopic characteristics indicative of complex interactions with Precambrian cratonic lithosphere. It also appears to record the rise, differentiation, and crystallization of a large composite batholith beneath the San Juan field. The earliest intermediate-composition lavas and breccias have major- and minor-element compositional patterns indicative of high-pressure fractionation and are relatively nonradiogenic in both Pb and Sr, suggesting significant interaction with lower crust of the American plate. The more silicic ash-flow tuffs show compositional evidence of low-pressure fractional crystallization and are more radiogenic in Pb and Sr — features thought to indicate significant shallow residency for the magmas and interaction with upper crust. Especially radiogenic Pb-isotope compositions of some of these rocks may reflect interactions between the magmas and convecting meteoric water rich in leached Pb, a process thought to have been even more important in forming associated hydrothermal ore deposits. Ore leads tend to be more radiogenic than associated rock leads. Many of the Miocene-Pliocene basaltic lavas seem to be mantle-derived lavas, similar to those of oceanic islands, but some anomalous xenocrystic basaltic andesites, containing relatively nonradiogenic lead, may have been slightly contaminated by lower crustal components. Rhyolitic lavas and intrusions of the bimodal suite are also nonradiogenic in Pb and Sr, in comparison with the Oligocene rhyolites, and do not appear to have interacted with Precambrian upper crust, probably because they erupted largely through the subvolcanic batholith. The Miocene-Pliocene rhyolites are best interpreted as partial melts of lower crust, with the thermal energy to initiate magma generation provided by concurrent basaltic volcanism.
Arctic tree rings as recorders of variations in light availability

Annual growth ring variations in Arctic trees are often used to reconstruct surface temperature. In general, however, the growth of Arctic vegetation is limited both by temperature and light availability, suggesting that variations in atmospheric transmissivity may also influence tree-ring characteristics. Here we show that Arctic tree-ring density is sensitive to changes in light availability across two distinct phenomena: explosive volcanic eruptions (P<0.01) and the recent epoch of global dimming (P<0.01). In each case, the greatest response is found in the most light-limited regions of the Arctic. Essentially no late 20th century decline in tree-ring density relative to temperature is seen in the least light-limited regions of the Arctic. Consistent results follow from analysis of tree-ring width and from individually analysing each of seven tree species. Light availability thus appears an important control, opening the possibility for using tree rings to reconstruct historical changes in surface light intensity.
Substrate-specific modulation of CYP3A4 activity by genetic variants of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase.

OBJECTIVES
CYP3A4 receives electrons from P450 oxidoreductase (POR) to metabolize about 50% of clinically used drugs. There is substantial inter-individual variation in CYP3A4 catalytic activity that is not explained by CYP3A4 genetic variants. CYP3A4 is flexible and distensible, permitting it to accommodate substrates varying in shape and size. To elucidate the mechanisms of variability in CYP3A4 catalysis, we examined the effects of genetic variants of POR, and explored the possibility that substrate-induced conformational changes in CYP3A4 differentially affect the ability of POR variants to support catalysis.


METHODS
We expressed human CYP3A4 and four POR variants (Q153R, A287P, R457H, A503 V) in bacteria, reconstituted them in vitro and measured the Michaelis constant and maximum velocity with testosterone, midazolam, quinidine and erythromycin as substrates.


RESULTS
POR A287P and R457H had low activity with all substrates; Q153R had 76-94% of wild-type (WT) activity with midazolam and erythromycin, but 129-150% activity with testosterone and quinidine. The A503 V polymorphism reduced the CYP3A4 activity to 61-77% of WT with testosterone and midazolam, but had nearly WT activity with quinidine and erythromycin.


CONCLUSION
POR variants affect CYP3A4 activities. The impact of a POR variant on catalysis by CYP3A4 is substrate-specific, probably because of substrate-induced conformational changes in CYP3A4.