LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Unbalanced-Mode Spiral Antenna Backed by an Extremely Shallow Cavity

This paper describes a two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna backed by a conducting cavity, where only one arm is directly excited, with the other arm being parasitically excited; in other words, the spiral arms are excited in an unbalanced mode. A balun circuit required for a conventional two-arm spiral is not used for this unbalanced-mode spiral. The design of the unbalanced-mode spiral is performed over a frequency range of fLd = 3 GHz to fHd = 9 GHz (1:3 bandwidth), where the antenna height is selected to be extremely small (7 mm = 0.07 wavelength at fLd) to realize a low-profile antenna. For reference, a corresponding spiral antenna excited in balanced mode is also analyzed. It is found that the unbalanced-mode spiral shows an acceptably small VSWR over the design frequency range of fLd to fHd. The radiation is circularly polarized around the antenna axis normal to the spiral plane. The gain shows behavior similar to that of the balanced-mode spiral. Results for other antenna heights (5 mm, 10.5 mm, and 14 mm) are also presented and briefly discussed. It can be said that the unbalanced-mode spiral is a circularly polarized wideband antenna with a simple feed system.
3D Software: A New Research Imperative

Like the parallel computers of the 1980s and 1990s, today’s 3D-chip technology will require new theory in software and algorithms to fully exploit.
Efficient Lipschitz Extensions for High-Dimensional Graph Statistics and Node Private Degree Distributions

Lipschitz extensions were recently proposed as a tool for designing node differentially private algorithms. However, efficiently computable Lipschitz extensions were known only for 1-dimensional functions (that is, functions that output a single real value). In this paper, we study efficiently computable Lipschitz extensions for multi-dimensional (that is, vector-valued) functions on graphs. We show that, unlike for 1-dimensional functions, Lipschitz extensions of higher-dimensional functions on graphs do not always exist, even with a non-unit stretch. We design Lipschitz extensions with small stretch for the sorted degree list and for the degree distribution of a graph. Crucially, our extensions are efficiently computable. We also develop new tools for employing Lipschitz extensions in the design of differentially private algorithms. Specifically, we generalize the exponential mechanism, a widely used tool in data privacy. The exponential mechanism is given a collection of score functions that map datasets to real values. It attempts to return the name of the function with nearly minimum value on the data set. Our generalized exponential mechanism provides better accuracy when the sensitivity of an optimal score function is much smaller than the maximum sensitivity of score functions. We use our Lipschitz extension and the generalized exponential mechanism to design a nodedifferentially private algorithm for releasing an approximation to the degree distribution of a graph. Our algorithm is much more accurate than algorithms from previous work. ∗Computer Science and Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University. {asmith,sofya}@cse.psu.edu. Supported by NSF awards CDI-0941553 and IIS-1447700 and a Google Faculty Award. Part of this work was done while visiting Boston University’s Hariri Institute for Computation. 1 ar X iv :1 50 4. 07 91 2v 1 [ cs .C R ] 2 9 A pr 2 01 5
AUTOMATIC FINGERING SYSTEM ( AFS )

One of the most important aspects in playing the piano is using the appropriate fingers to facilitate movement and transitions. The fingering arrangement depends to a ce rtain extent on the size of the musician’s hand. We hav e developed an automatic fingering system that, given a sequence of pitches, suggests which fingers should be used. The output can be personalized to agree with t he limitations of the user’s hand. We also consider this system to be the base of a more complex future system: a score reduction system that will reduce orchestra scor e to piano scores. This paper describes: • “Vertical cost” model: the stretch induced by a given hand position. • “Horizontal cost” model: transition between two hand positions. • A system that computes low-cost fingering for a given piece of music. • A machine learning technique used to learn the appropriate parameters in the models.
A System for Automatic Notification and Severity Estimation of Automotive Accidents

New communication technologies integrated into modern vehicles offer an opportunity for better assistance to people injured in traffic accidents. Recent studies show how communication capabilities should be supported by artificial intelligence systems capable of automating many of the decisions to be taken by emergency services, thereby adapting the rescue resources to the severity of the accident and reducing assistance time. To improve the overall rescue process, a fast and accurate estimation of the severity of the accident represent a key point to help emergency services better estimate the required resources. This paper proposes a novel intelligent system which is able to automatically detect road accidents, notify them through vehicular networks, and estimate their severity based on the concept of data mining and knowledge inference. Our system considers the most relevant variables that can characterize the severity of the accidents (variables such as the vehicle speed, the type of vehicles involved, the impact speed, and the status of the airbag). Results show that a complete Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) process, with an adequate selection of relevant features, allows generating estimation models that can predict the severity of new accidents. We develop a prototype of our system based on off-the-shelf devices and validate it at the Applus+ IDIADA Automotive Research Corporation facilities, showing that our system can notably reduce the time needed to alert and deploy emergency services after an accident takes place.
0 Fractional Derivatives , Fractional Integrals , and Fractional Differential Equations in Matlab

The term fractional calculus is more than 300 years old. It is a generalization of the ordinary differentiation and integration to non-integer (arbitrary) order. The subject is as old as the calculus of differentiation and goes back to times when Leibniz, Gauss, and Newton invented this kind of calculation. In a letter to L’Hospital in 1695 Leibniz raised the following question (Miller and Ross, 1993): “Can the meaning of derivatives with integer order be generalized to derivatives with non-integer orders?" The story goes that L’Hospital was somewhat curious about that question and replied by another question to Leibniz. “What if the order will be 1/2?" Leibniz in a letter dated September 30, 1695 replied: “It will lead to a paradox, from which one day useful consequences will be drawn." The question raised by Leibniz for a fractional derivative was an ongoing topic in the last 300 years. Several mathematicians contributed to this subject over the years. People like Liouville, Riemann, and Weyl made major contributions to the theory of fractional calculus. The story of the fractional calculus continued with contributions from Fourier, Abel, Leibniz, Grünwald, and Letnikov. Nowadays, the fractional calculus attracts many scientists and engineers. There are several applications of this mathematical phenomenon in mechanics, physics, chemistry, control theory and so on (Caponetto et al., 2010; Magin, 2006; Monje et al., 2010; Oldham and Spanier, 1974; Oustaloup, 1995; Podlubny, 1999). It is natural that many authors tried to solve the fractional derivatives, fractional integrals and fractional differential equations in Matlab. A few very good and interesting Matlab functions were already submitted to the MathWorks, Inc. Matlab Central File Exchange, where they are freely downloadable for sharing among the users. In this chapter we will use some of them. It is worth mentioning some addition to Matlab toolboxes, which are appropriate for the solution of fractional calculus problems. One of them is a toolbox created by CRONE team (CRONE, 2010) and another one is the Fractional State–Space Toolkit developed by Dominik Sierociuk (Sierociuk, 2005). Last but not least we should also mention a Matlab toolbox created by Dingyü Xue (Xue, 2010), which is based on Matlab object for fractional-order transfer function and some manipulation with this class of the transfer function. Despite that the mentioned toolboxes are mainly for control systems, they can be “abused" for solutions of general problems related to fractional calculus as well. 10
Period Formulas for Moment-Resisting Frame Buildings

Most seismic codes specify empirical fonnulas to estimate the fundamental vibration period of buildings. Evaluated first in this paper are the fonnulas specified in present U.S. codes using the available data on the fundamental period of buildings "measured" from their motions recorded during eight California earth­ quakes, starting with the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and ending with the 1994 Northridge earthquake. It is shown that, although the code fonnulas provide periods that are generally shorter than measured periods, these fonnulas can be improved to provide better correlation with the measured data. Subsequently, improved fonnulas for estimating the fundamental periods of reinforced concrete (RC) and steel moment-resisting frame buildings are developed by regression analysis of the measured period data. Also recommended are factors to limit the period calculated by a rational analysis, such as Rayleigh's method.
Oil Rents , Corruption , and State Stability : Evidence From Panel Data Regressions

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed herein are those of the author and should not be attributed to the IMF, its Executive Board, or its management. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. We examine the effects of oil rents on corruption and state stability exploiting the exogenous within-country variation of a new measure of oil rents for a panel of 31 oil-exporting countries during the period 1992 to 2005. We find that an increase in oil rents significantly increases corruption, significantly deteriorates political rights while at the same time leading to a significant improvement in civil liberties. We argue that these findings can be explained by the political elite having an incentive to extend civil liberties but reduce political rights in the presence of oil windfalls to evade redistribution and conflict. We support our argument documenting that there is a significant effect of oil rents on corruption in countries with a high share of state participation in oil production while no such link exists in countries where state participation in oil production is low. JEL Classification Numbers: C33, D73, D74, D72, H21
Robust antiviral activity of R1626, a novel nucleoside analog: a randomized, placebo-controlled study in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

UNLABELLED
The nucleoside analog R1479 is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5B-directed hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in vitro. R1626, a tri-isobutyl ester prodrug of R1479, was developed to increase bioavailability and improve antiviral activity. A multicenter, observer-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple ascending dose, phase 1b study was designed to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity and to potentially identify the maximum tolerated dose of R1626 in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Forty-seven treatment-naïve patients infected with HCV genotype 1 were treated with R1626 orally at doses of 500 mg, 1500 mg, 3000 mg, or 4500 mg or placebo twice daily for 14 days with 14 days of follow-up. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity were assessed. Doses up to and including 3000 mg twice daily were well tolerated after 14 days of treatment. There was an increase in frequency of adverse events at the highest dose (4500 mg). Reversible mild to moderate hematological changes were observed with increasing doses. R1626 was efficiently converted to R1479, with dose-proportional pharmacokinetics observed over the entire dose range. The pharmacokinetics of R1479 were linear over the dose range evaluated. Dose-dependent and time-dependent reductions in HCV RNA were observed. Mean decreases (median; range) in viral load after 14 days of treatment with doses of 500, 1500, 3000, and 4500 mg were 0.32 (0.22; 0.01-0.71), 1.2 (0.8; 0.49-2.46), 2.6 (2.7; 1.27-3.93) and 3.7 (4.1; 2.15-4.39) log(10), respectively. No resistance to R1479 was observed after 14 days of treatment with R1626.


CONCLUSION
These data support further studies of R1626 in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for the treatment of patients with chronic HCV infection.
Translation Inference across Dictionaries via a Combination of Graph-based Methods and Co-occurrence Statistics

This system description explains how to use several bilingual dictionaries and aligned corpora in order to create translation candidates for novel language pairs. It proposes (1) a graph-based approach which does not depend on cyclical translations and (2) a combination of this method with a collocation-based model using the multilingually aligned Europarl corpus.
A log-domain /spl mu/beamformer for medical ultrasound imaging systems

A fully differential, Class-AB, log domain microbeamformer has been designed in a 60 GHz Si-Ge BiCMOS process. The demonstrated microbeamformer has four input channels and four delays, though the concept can easily be extended to any desirable configuration. The log domain, Class-AB architecture is perfect for medical ultrasound applications due to the fact that the received ultrasound signal has very low amplitude during the major part of the reception period. This leads to very low power consumption because of the Class-AB configuration. The delay-line in the microbeamformer is constructed using a cascade of low input impedance allpass filter cells. A simple implementation of the zero in the allpass filter helps to keep the overall power consumption low. The delay of each allpass filter cell is programmable through the adjustment of a tuning current. Due to the Class-AB architecture used, every source signal must be shaped by a signal preconditioning circuit before connected to the filter cells. A well-known preconditioning circuit has been modified to increase the dynamic range. The modification introduces noise cancellation as well as a method to increases the maximum signal swing. The dynamic range of one preconditioning cell is shown to increase 12.6 dB compared to the classic translinear circuit at a penalty of 15% increase in the power consumption. Signal-to-noise ratio of one allpass filter cell is typically 56.5 dB, and the global dynamic range of the same cell is typically 63.8 dB at an average power consumption of 3.5 mW when 16 input signals are connected to the filter. The power consumption at maximum signal amplitude for the microbeamformer having four input channels and four delays is 3.2 mW with a supply voltage of 2.5 V. In the intended application, the quiescent power consumption is a much better description of the average power consumption. This power consumption is 1.3 mW.
Early post-operative endoscopic recurrence in Crohn's disease patients: data from an Italian Group for the study of inflammatory bowel disease (IG-IBD) study on a large prospective multicenter cohort.

INTRODUCTION
The incidence of endoscopic recurrence (ER) in Crohn's disease following curative resection is up to 75% at 1 year. Endoscopy is the most sensitive method to detect the earliest mucosal changes and the severe ER at 1 year seems to predict a clinical relapse.


METHODS
The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the incidence of early ER 6 months after curative resection. Secondary outcome was to evaluate the role of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in the prevention of ER at 6 months. A total of 170 patients were included in the study. They were carried-out from the evaluation of the appearance of ER during a trial performed to assess the role of azathioprine vs. 5-ASA as early treatment of severe ER. All the patients started 5-ASA treatment 2 weeks after surgery.


RESULTS
Six months after surgery ER was observed in 105 patients (62%). The endoscopic score was reported as severe in 78.1% of them (82 out of 105). At univariable analysis only ileo-colonic disease influenced the final outcome associating to a lower risk of severe ER (p=0.04; OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.277-0.974).


CONCLUSION
In this prospective Italian multicenter IG-IBD study a great proportion of ER occur within 6 months from ileo-colonic resection, with a significant rate of severe ER. Furthermore this study confirms the marginal role of 5-ASA in the prevention of ER. This suggests that post-surgical endoscopic evaluation should be performed at 6 months instead of 1 year to allow an adequate early treatment.
Effect of nebivolol on renal nitric oxide availability and tubular function in patients with essential hypertension.

AIMS
Nebivolol is a selective β1 -receptor antagonist with vasodilating properties. In patients with essential hypertension, we tested the hypothesis that nebivolol increases systemic and renal nitric oxide (NO) availability using L-N(G) -monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) as an inhibitor of NO production.


METHODS
In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study, patients with essential hypertension were treated with nebivolol for five days, along with a standardized diet and fluid intake. We examined the acute effects of systemic NO synthase inhibition with L-NMMA on brachial blood pressure (bBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central blood pressure (cBP) estimated by applanation tonometry, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), fractional excretion of sodium (FENa ), urinary excretion of both aquaporin-2 (u-AQP2) and epithelial sodium channels (u-ENaCγ ), and plasma concentrations of nitrate/nitrite (p-NOx ) and vasoactive hormones after five days' treatment with placebo and nebivolol.


RESULTS
Nebivolol significantly reduced PWV, bBP, cBP and plasma renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations. The renal parameters, p-NOx and plasma arginine vasopressin concentration were not changed by nebivolol. There was no difference between nebivolol and placebo in the response to L-NMMA, with LMMA inducing a similar increase in PWV, bBP and cBP and a similar decrease in GFR, uAQP2 and u-ENaCγ and FENa [mean change -0.62% (95% confidence interval {CI} -0.40 to -0.84) during placebo vs. -0.57% (95% CI -0.46 to -0.68; P = 0.564) during nebivolol treatment]. Vasoactive hormones were changed to a similar extend by L-NMMA during administration of nebivolol and placebo.


CONCLUSIONS
Nebivolol did not change p-NOx , and inhibition of NO synthesis induced the same response in blood pressure, GFR, renal tubular function and vasoactive hormones during nebivolol and placebo. Thus, the data did not support the hypothesis that nebivolol changes vascular and renal NO availability in patients with essential hypertension.
Solid-state diffusion limitations on pulse operation of a lithium ion cell for hybrid electric vehicles

A 1D model based on physical and electrochemical processes of a lithium ion cell is used to describe constant current and hybrid pulse power haracterization (HPPC) data from a 6 Ah cell designed for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) application. An approximate solution method for the iffusion of lithium ions within active material particles is formulated using the finite element method and implemented in the previously developed D electrochemical model as an explicit difference equation. Reaction current distribution and redistribution processes occurring during discharge nd current interrupt, respectively, are driven by gradients in equilibrium potential that arise due to solid diffusion limitations. The model is xtrapolated to predict voltage response at discharge rates up to 40 C where end of discharge is caused by negative electrode active material surface oncentrations near depletion. Simple expressions are derived from an analytical solution to describe solid-state diffusion limited current for short uration, high-rate pulses. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Phase I clinical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of SB939, an oral histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumours

Background:SB939 is an orally available, competitive histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor selective for class I, II and IV histone deacetylases. Preclinical evaluation of SB939 revealed a profile suggesting improved efficacy compared to other HDAC inhibitors. This phase I study was carried out to determine the safety, dose-limiting toxicity, recommended phase II dose (RPTD), as well as pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of SB939 in a daily × 5 schedule in advanced solid tumours.Methods:Sequential dose-escalating cohorts of patients were enrolled into 8 dose levels. At dose level 1, SB939 was taken on days 1–3 and 15–17 every 4 weeks, then on days 1–5 and 15–19 for other dose levels. Detailed PK sampling was performed in cycle 1, days 1 and 5. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected on cycle 1 at various time points for determination of acetylated histone H3 (AcH3) levels.Results:In total, 38 patients received a total of 96 cycles of treatment. The maximal administered dose was 90 mg and the RPTD was 60 mg given 5 consecutive days every 2 weeks. The most frequent non-hematologic adverse events (AEs) of at least possible attribution to SB939 were fatigue, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and diarrhoea. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed dose-proportional increases in AUC across the doses evaluated. Elimination half-life was 5.6–8.9 h. There was no clear relationship between AcH3 changes and dose level or anti-tumour response.Conclusions:SB939 is well tolerated in patients with advanced solid tumours. The RPTD of this drug is 60 mg on a schedule of 5 consecutive days every 2 weeks. The toxicities of SB939 are consistent with other HDAC inhibitors.
Combining a Modified Vector Field Histogram Algorithm and Real-time Image Processing for Unknown Environment Navigation

Q is an unmanned ground vehicle designed to compete in the Autonomous and Navigation Challenges of the AUVSI Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC). Built on a base platform of a modified PerMobil Trax off-road wheel chair frame, and running off a Dell Inspiron D820 laptop with an Intel t7400 Core 2 Duo Processor, Q gathers information from a SICK laser range finder (LRF), video cameras, differential GPS, and digital compass to localize its behavior and map out its navigational path. This behavior is handled by intelligent closed loop speed control and robust sensor data processing algorithms. In the Autonomous challenge, data taken from two IEEE 1394 cameras and the LRF are integrated and plotted on a custom-defined occupancy grid and converted into a histogram which is analyzed for openings between obstacles. The image processing algorithm consists of a series of steps involving plane extraction, normalizing of the image histogram for an effective dynamic thresholding, texture and morphological analysis and particle filtering to allow optimum operation at varying ambient conditions. In the Navigation Challenge, a modified Vector Field Histogram (VFH) algorithm is combined with an auto-regressive path planning model for obstacle avoidance and better localization. Also, Q features the Joint Architecture for Unmanned Systems (JAUS) Level 3 compliance. All algorithms are developed and implemented using National Instruments (NI) hardware and LabVIEW software. The paper will focus on explaining the various algorithms that make up Q’s intelligence and the different ways and modes of their implementation.