LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Changes in anti-citrullinated protein antibody titers following treatment with infliximab for rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND
The presence of anti-citrullinated peptide/ protein antibody (ACPA) has a high specificity and predictive value for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some studies have shown decreased titers of this antibody after treatment with infliximab.


OBJECTIVES
To assess the changes in ACPA titers in patients with RA after treatment with infliximab as a first biological agent, and to correlate these variations with non-infusion-related adverse effects.


METHODS
In a prospective multicenter observational study involving 48 research centers, we assessed 139 patients with established moderate-to-severe RA diagnosed according to American College of Rheumatology criteria. Samples were collected before and 6-12 months after treatment.


RESULTS
The mean age of the study patients was 50.6 years and 118 were female (84.9%). Statistically significant variations in ACPA titers were noted in 47 patients (before and after treatment) (P = 0.012). Overall, ACPA titers were decreased in 32 (65.3%) and increased in 15 (34.7%). No correlation was found between severe or mild adverse effects in patients presenting variations in ACPA titers.


CONCLUSIONS
The present study showed that infliximab affected ACPA titers, promoting mainly a decrease; however, this was not related to the occurrence of non-infusion-related adverse effects.
Olfactory detection of human bladder cancer by dogs: proof of principle study.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether dogs can be trained to identify people with bladder cancer on the basis of urine odour more successfully than would be expected by chance alone.


DESIGN
Experimental, "proof of principle" study in which six dogs were trained to discriminate between urine from patients with bladder cancer and urine from diseased and healthy controls and then evaluated in tests requiring the selection of one bladder cancer urine sample from six controls.


PARTICIPANTS
36 male and female patients (age range 48-90 years) presenting with new or recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (27 samples used for training; 9 used for formal testing); 108 male and female controls (diseased and healthy, age range 18-85 years--54 samples used in training; 54 used for testing).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Mean proportion of successes per dog achieved during evaluation, compared with an expected value of 1 in 7 (14%).


RESULTS
Taken as a group, the dogs correctly selected urine from patients with bladder cancer on 22 out of 54 occasions. This gave a mean success rate of 41% (95% confidence intervals 23% to 58% under assumptions of normality, 26% to 52% using bootstrap methods), compared with 14% expected by chance alone. Multivariate analysis suggested that the dogs' capacity to recognise a characteristic bladder cancer odour was independent of other chemical aspects of the urine detectable by urinalysis.


CONCLUSIONS
Dogs can be trained to distinguish patients with bladder cancer on the basis of urine odour more successfully than would be expected by chance alone. This suggests that tumour related volatile compounds are present in urine, imparting a characteristic odour signature distinct from those associated with secondary effects of the tumour, such as bleeding, inflammation, and infection.
Internal consistency and validity of the Stroke Impact Scale 2.0 (SIS 2.0) and SIS-16 in an Australian sample

Background and Purpose: The impact of stroke is multidimensional however standard stroke measures do not discriminate well when stroke patients are less physically impaired. The Stroke Impact Scale 2.0 (SIS 2.0) is a multidimensional measure of the impact of stroke but its' psychometric properties require further testing. The SIS-16 is a measure of physical functioning designed to be more sensitive to differences in physical functioning than current stroke outcome measures but there is only preliminary information detailing its' reliability and validity. The current study examined the internal consistency and validity of the SIS 2.0 and SIS-16 in an Australian sample of stroke patients. Methods: The SIS 2.0, SIS-16, World Health Organization Bref-Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) and Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were completed by 74 stroke patients in rural Victoria, Australia. Results: The item convergent validity index indicated good item convergence of the SIS-16 and SIS 2.0 domains. The item discriminant validity index had only adequate divergence for most SIS 2.0 domains. Internal consistencies of the SIS-16 and SIS 2.0 domains were acceptable (α = 0.87–0.95). Correlations between the SIS-16 and SIS 2.0 and the WHOQOL-BREF and SDS supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the SIS-16 and all the dimensions of the SIS 2.0 except 'Participation' which lacked discriminant validity. Conclusions: The SIS 2.0 and SIS-16 had good psychometric properties with support for the internal consistency and validity of both measures.
A time-based energy-efficient analog-to-digital converter

Dual-slope converters use time to perform analog-to-digital conversion but require 2/sup N+1/ clock cycles to achieve N bits of precision. We describe a novel current-mode algorithm that also uses time to perform analog-to-digital conversion but requires 5N clock cycles to achieve N bits of precision via a successive subranging technique. The algorithm requires one asynchronous comparator, two capacitors, one current source, and a state machine. Amplification of two is achieved without the use of an explicit amplifier by simply doing things twice in time. The use of alternating voltage-to-time and time-to-voltage conversions provides natural error cancellation of comparator offset and delay, 1/f noise, and switching charge-injection. The use of few components and an efficient mechanism for amplification and error cancellation allow for energy-efficient operation: in a 0.35-/spl mu/m implementation, we were able to achieve 12 bit of DNL limited precision or 11 bit of thermal noise-limited precision at a sampling frequency of 31.25 kHz with 75 /spl mu/W of total analog and digital power consumption. These numbers yield a thermal noise-limited energy efficiency of 1.17 pJ per quantization level, making it one of the most energy-efficient converters to date in the 10-12 bit precision range.
Efficient market hypothesis and forecasting

The efficient market hypothesis gives rise to forecasting tests that mirror those adopted when testing the optimality of a forecast in the context of a given information set. However, there are also important differences arising from the fact that market efficiency tests rely on establishing profitable trading opportunities in ‘real time’. Forecasters constantly search for predictable patterns and affect prices when they attempt to exploit trading opportunities. Stable forecasting patterns are therefore unlikely to persist for long periods of time and will self-destruct when discovered by a large number of investors. This gives rise to nonstationarities in the time series of financial returns and complicates both formal tests of market efficiency and the search for successful forecasting approaches. D 2003 International Institute of Forecasters. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Intensity-Based Valuation of Residential Mortgages: An Analytically Tractable Model

This paper presents an analytically tractable valuation model for residential mortgages. The random mortgage prepayment time is assumed to have an intensity process of the form ht = h0(t) + γ(k − rt), where h0(t) is a deterministic function of time, rt is the short rate, and γ and k are scalar parameters. The Þrst term models exogenous prepayment independent of interest rates (e.g., a multiple of the PSA prepayment function). The second term models reÞnancing due to declining interest rates and is proportional to the positive part of the distance between a constant threshold level and the current short rate. When the short rate follows a CIR diffusion, we are able to solve the model analytically and Þnd explicit expressions for the present value of the mortgage contract, its principal-only and interest-only parts, as well as their deltas. Mortgage rates at origination are found by solving a non-linear equation. Our solution method is based on explicitly constructing an eigenfunction expansion of the pricing semigroup, a Feynman-Kac semigroup of the CIR diffusion killed at an additive functional that is a linear combination of the integral of the CIR process and an area below a constant threshold and above the process sample path (the so-called area functional). A sensitivity analysis of the term structure of mortgage rates and calibration of the model to market data are presented.
Belimumab in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: high disease activity predictors of response

OBJECTIVES
To identify factors that predict response to belimumab treatment in the phase 3 BLISS trials of autoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and further analyse clinical efficacy in various patient subsets.


METHODS
The BLISS trials compared belimumab 1 and 10 mg/kg versus placebo, all plus standard SLE therapy, over 52 or 76 weeks. Pooled subgroup analyses of week 52 SLE responder index rates (the primary endpoint in both trials) were performed based on demographic characteristics and baseline disease activity indicators. Pooled multivariate analysis was performed to determine predictors of response and treatment effect.


RESULTS
Pooled univariate and multivariate analyses (N=1684) identified baseline factors associated with an increased benefit of belimumab versus placebo. These factors included the Safety Of Estrogens In Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI) ≥10, low complement, anti-dsDNA positivity and corticosteroid use. Efficacy outcomes were assessed in the low complement/anti-dsDNA-positive and SELENA-SLEDAI ≥10 subgroups. Week 52 SLE Responder Index rates in the low complement/anti-dsDNA-positive subgroup were 31.7%, 41.5% (p=0.002) and 51.5% (p<0.001) with placebo and belimumab 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively; corresponding rates in the SELENA-SLEDAI ≥10 subgroup were 44.3%, 58.0% (p<0.001) and 63.2% (p<0.001). Further analysis of secondary endpoints in the low complement/anti-dsDNA-positive subgroup showed that compared with placebo, belimumab produced greater benefits regarding severe flares, corticosteroid use and health-related quality of life.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that belimumab has greater therapeutic benefit than standard therapy alone in patients with higher disease activity, anti-dsDNA positivity, low complement or corticosteroid treatment at baseline. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: identifiers NCT00424476 and NCT00410384.
The Cray-1 Computer System

This paper describes the CRAY-1, discusses the evolution of its architecture, and gives an account of some of the problems that were overcome during its manufacture.
The CRAY-1 is the only computer to have been built to date that satisfies ERDA's Class VI requirement (a computer capable of processing from 20 to 60 million floating point operations per second) [1].
The CRAY-1's Fortran compiler (CFT) is designed to give the scientific user immediate access to the benefits of the CRAY-1's vector processing architecture. An optimizing compiler, CFT, “vectorizes” innermost DO loops. Compatible with the ANSI 1966 Fortran Standard and with many commonly supported Fortran extensions, CFT does not require any source program modifications or the use of additional nonstandard Fortran statements to achieve vectorization. Thus the user's investment of hundreds of man months of effort to develop Fortran programs for other contemporary computers is protected.
Rapid determination of Os isotopic composition by sparging OsO4 into a magnetic-sector ICP-MS

Ž . We present a method for the rapid determination of Os isotopic compositions and platinum group element PGE concentrations using ICP-MS on the same sample split. The method makes use of transfer of volatile OsO by an Ar gas 4 stream into the torch of a magnetic sector ICP-MS for analysis. A variety of partial or complete sample dissolution methods Ž . can be used, namely 1 microwave oven digestion of samples in pressurized Teflon vessels under oxidizing acidic Ž . Ž . conditions, 2 NiS fire assay for complete sample dissolution and PGE preconcentration, 3 acid leaching techniques to Ž . extract labile PGE fractions, and 4 Carius tube digestion. Microwave oven sample digestion with HF–HNO –HCl in an 3 all-Teflon system as well as Carius tube digestion also allows the determination of Os isotopic composition and Os and Re concentrations on the same sample split. Spike–sample equilibration can be monitored on-line during sparging into the ICP-MS. The elimination of a nebulizer for Os isotope ratio measurements minimizes memory problems that are often associated with the determination of Os isotope ratios in liquid samples by ICP-MS. The external reproducibility of 187 188 Ž Osr Os measurements of an in-house Os standard solution using a single-collector, magnetic sector ICP-MS Finnigan . Ž . ELEMENT is 0.78% 1 S.D., ns13 for analyte amounts ranging from 81 pg to 1.22 ng total Os. The ion yield for 7-min y5 Ž . data acquisitions is ;5=10 . Compared to negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry N-TIMS , sample throughput is about on an order of magnitude higher. If NiS fire assay is used for PGE preconcentration, complementary PGE can be determined in the liquid residue by ICP-MS using a microconcentric nebulizer after the extraction of OsO . q 2000 Elsevier 4 Science B.V. All rights reserved.
From Birth to Old Age: The Human Life Cycle in Medieval Thought 1250-1350

This book explores the relationship between the writings of the saint biographer, the hagiographer and contemporary medical, theological and pedagogical sources. Concentrating on a period of great economic and social advance prior to the crises of the fourteenth century, the author determines whether the theoretical musings of the medieval 'developmental psychologists' were the product of changing material and demographic circumstances.
Artificial Intelligence and Big Data

AI Innovation in Industry is a new department for IEEE Intelligent Systems, and this paper examines some of the basic concerns and uses of AI for big data (AI has been used in several different ways to facilitate capturing and structuring big data, and it has been used to analyze big data for key insights).
Integrated circuit for high-frequency ultrasound annular array

An integrated circuit capable of focusing a high-frequency ultrasound annular array is presented. It uses a novel unitdelay architecture to accomplish focusing of the array with a single control voltage. System measurements for a 5-element array indicate excellent pulse fidelity with a dynamic amplitude range of 60 dB at 50 MHz. This is the highest frequency single-chip ultrasound beamformer that has been demonstrated to date. Introduction High-frequency ultrasound (10-100 MHz) is attractive because of its superior resolution for intra-vascular imaging of the coronary arteries [I] . Single-element transducers have been developed for this application but they have limited depth of field [2]. The use of dynamically focused arrays in high-frequency ultrasound applications has been limited due to the need for high speed circuitry with lirge dynamic range. For example, a conventional digital beamforming system operating at 50 MHz would require A D converters with high-resolution (12 bits) and high sampling rates (500 MS/s), beyond the current state of the art [3]. Even if this technical challenge could be overcome, it would still be necessary to attach multiple RF coaxial cables to the miniature array. One solution to this problem is to multiplex the array signals and perform off-chip synthetic-aperture focusing [4]. However, this method is susceptible to motion artifacts when used in a moving catheter. Beamforming on chip solves this problem, and has been demonstrated at IO MHz using asynchronous sampling combined with an analog FIFO [SI. However, the method is dificult to implement at higher frequencies due to the need for accurate wideband sample-and-hold circuits. Furthermore, the die area must be small for insertion in a catheter and compatibility with the miniature high-frequency array, on the order of I mm2. The approach used in this paper addresses these problems by delaying and adding the array signals on an analog integrated circuit mounted adjacent to the array, thereby avoiding motion artifacts and eliminating the need for multiple RF cables. Architecture and Design Figure 1 shows the unit-delay architecture using identical analog variable delay cells to accomplish focusing of a 5element.planar annular array. It is suitable for integration because. it does not require predetermined absolute delays on each channel. Rather, it exploits the excellent matching of components available on an IC. In the configuration shown, the array is focused at an axial distance ofz=az/(2ss), where a is the radius of the central element of the array, s is the speed of sound, and r is the delay of each block. Control voltages allow adjustment of gain and delay. I I ---sum -_ ---,-----1 a t e p t r d cinvit
The impact of prior risk experiences on subsequent risky decision-making: The role of the insula

Risky decision-making is significantly affected by homeostatic states associated with different prior risk experiences, yet the neural mechanisms have not been well understood. Using functional MRI, we examined how gambling decisions and their underlying neural responses were modulated by prior risk experiences, with a focus on the insular cortex since it has been implicated in interoception, emotion and risky decision-making. Fourteen healthy young participants were scanned while performing a gambling task that was designed to simulate daily-life risk taking. Prior risk experience was manipulated by presenting participants with gambles that they were very likely to accept or gambles that they were unlikely to accept. A probe gamble, which was sensitive to individual's risk preference, was presented to examine the effect of prior risk experiences (Risk vs. Norisk) on subsequent risky decisions. Compared to passing on a gamble (Norisk), taking a gamble, especially winning a gamble (Riskwin), was associated with significantly stronger activation in the insular and dorsal medial prefrontal cortices. Decision making after Norisk was more risky and more likely to recruit activation of the insular and anterior cingulate cortices. This insular activity during decision making predicted the extent of risky decisions both within- and across-subjects, and was also correlated with an individual's personality trait of urgency. These findings suggest that the insula plays an important role in activating representations of homeostatic states associated with the experience of risk, which in turn exerts an influence on subsequent decisions.
Fuzzy control of inverted pendulum and concept of stability using Java application

In this paper, a fuzzy controller for an inverted pendulum system is presented in two stages. These stages are: investigation of fuzzy control system modeling methods and solution of the “Inverted Pendulum Problem” by using Java programming with Applets for internet based control education. In the first stage, fuzzy modeling and fuzzy control system investigation, Java programming language, classes and multithreading were introduced. In the second stage specifically, simulation of the inverted pendulum problem was developed with Java Applets and the simulation results were given. Also some stability concepts are introduced. c © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity.

UNLABELLED
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a blinding disease, initiated by delayed retinal vascular growth after premature birth. There are both oxygen-regulated and non-oxygen-regulated factors, which contribute to both normal vascular development and retinal neovascularization. One important oxygen-regulated factor, critical to both phases of ROP, is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). A critical non oxygen-regulated growth factor is insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). In knockout mice, lack of IGF-1 prevents normal retinal vascular growth, despite the presence of VEGF, important to vessel development. In vitro, low IGF-1 prevents vascular endothelial growth factor-induced activation of Akt, a kinase critical for vascular endothelial cell survival. Premature infants who develop ROP have lower levels of serum IGF-1 than age-matched infants without disease.


CONCLUSION
IGF-1 is critical to normal vascular development. Low IGF-1 predicts ROP and restoration of IGF-1 to normal levels may prevent ROP.
Low-loss ultra-wideband (UWB) filters using suspended stripline

Two types of suspended stripline ultra-wideband bandpass filters are described, one based on a standard lumped element (L-C) filter concept including transmission zeroes to improve the upper passband slope, and a second one consisting of the combination of a low-pass and a high-pass filter.
Data augmentation for low resource languages

Recently there has been interest in the approaches for training speech recognition systems for languages with limited resources. Under the IARPA Babel program such resources have been provided for a range of languages to support this research area. This paper examines a particular form of approach, data augmentation, that can be applied to these situations. Data augmentation schemes aim to increase the quantity of data available to train the system, for example semi-supervised training, multilingual processing, acoustic data perturbation and speech synthesis. To date the majority of work has considered individual data augmentation schemes, with few consistent performance contrasts or examination of whether the schemes are complementary. In this work two data augmentation schemes, semisupervised training and vocal tract length perturbation, are examined and combined on the Babel limited language pack configuration. Here only about 10 hours of transcribed acoustic data are available. Two languages are examined, Assamese and Zulu, which were found to be the most challenging of the Babel languages released for the 2014 Evaluation. For both languages consistent speech recognition performance gains can be obtained using these augmentation schemes. Furthermore the impact of these performance gains on a down-stream keyword spotting task are also described.