LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting employees' readiness for knowledge management

Knowledge plays a critical role in achieving organization strategic objectives and gaining competitive advantage; thus, knowledge like other organizational resources needs to be managed. However, knowledge management (KM) often lacks adequate infrastructure and necessary requirements that makes its implementation difficult and costly. It is argued that the first step to accommodate a KM strategy is to assess organizational readiness that involves identifying factors that affect it. This research is conducted in a public organization and assesses employees’ readiness to implement KM initiatives. It examines the impact of individual, context, content and process variables on commitment and pessimism prior to KM implementation. To measure these variables, a questionnaire was distributed among staff members of a large municipality, using stratified random sampling. Comparison of means, correlation analysis and the hierarchical regression analysis were performed to test the study hypotheses. Research findings revealed that individual variables are related to pessimism and affective, continuous and normative commitment toward KM. However, while context variables and process variables affect pessimism and affective commitment, the content variables affect commitment to KM. Furthermore, only individual variables, including positive and negative affects, efficacy and innovativeness affect pessimism and the three dimensions of commitment toward KM. Given the importance of individual variables on the employees’ attitudes toward KM strategy, HR policies and practices need to play a central role in facilitating effective KM programs. They should promote active participation, open communication and organizational and management supports.
Bony anatomic landmarks to avoid injury to the marginal mandibular nerve.

BACKGROUND
Marginal mandibular nerve injuries are more likely to be symptomatic than other facial nerve injuries following facelift procedures. The marginal mandibular nerve courses over the facial artery in the region of the mandible. The nerve is most susceptible to injury in this location because it lies superficial to the anterior facial artery.


OBJECTIVES
The authors describe the location of the marginal mandibular nerve based on superficial anatomic landmarks as it crosses the facial artery above the mandibular border, in order to help surgeons avoid injury to this nerve during facelift procedures.


METHODS
Eighteen cadaveric facial halves were dissected with the aid of loupe magnification. The distance from the facial artery to the palpable masseteric tuberosity at the angle of the mandible was measured. The distance from the masseteric tuberosity to the mental midline was also measured to determine a ratio of the facial nerve from the masseteric tuberosity to the mental midline.


RESULTS
The facial artery was found to be an average of 3.05 ± 0.13 cm anterior to the masseteric tuberosity along the mandible. The marginal mandibular nerve crossed the facial artery along the mandibular border approximately 3 cm anterior to the masseteric tuberosity. The distance from the masseteric tuberosity to the mental midline averaged 11.3 ± 0.54 cm. Therefore, the marginal mandibular nerve courses superficial to the facial artery at approximately one-fourth of the distance from the masseteric tuberosity to the mental midline.


CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge of the masseteric tuberosity and mental midline landmarks of the facial artery can provide a reliable and safe approach to surgery of the lower face.
Understanding cultural differences in brand extension evaluation: The influence of analytic versus holistic thinking.

Consumers evaluate brand extensions by judging how well they fit with the parent brand. We examine this process across cultures. We predict that consumers from Eastern cultures, characterized by holistic thinking, perceive higher brandextension fit and evaluate brand extensions more favorably than do Western consumers, characterized by analytic thinking. Study 1 supports the existence of these cultural differences, with study 2 providing support for styles of thinking (analytic vs. holistic) as the drivers of cultural differences in brand extension evaluations.
Effect of low-level HCV viraemia at week 24 on HCV treatment response in genotype 1 patients.

BACKGROUND
We examined the detection of low-level viraemia at week 24 as a predictor of sustained virological response (SVR) and viral relapse/breakthrough, and the agreement between the Roche Cobas TaqMan™ HCV RNA assay (TaqMan) and Roche Cobas(®) Amplicor HCV qualitative assay (Amplicor; both Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Pleasanton, CA, USA) for detection of low-level viraemia.


METHODS
A total of 871 treatment-naive HCV genotype 1 patients participating in an induction-dose pegylated interferon therapy study had virological responses assessed using TaqMan. A total of 151 patients with HCV RNA levels ≤500 IU/ml had samples tested in parallel using the Amplicor and TaqMan assays.


RESULTS
SVR was significantly lower and relapse/breakthrough significantly higher in patients with low-level residual viraemia at week 24 compared with those who had undetectable viraemia: SVR was 72%, 29% and 14% (P<0.0001) and relapse/breakthrough 28%, 71% and 86% (P<0.0001) in patients with viraemia that was undetectable, detectable <15 IU/ml and detectable 15-<50 IU/ml, respectively, at week 24. The negative predictive value (NPV) for a week-24 virological response for SVR was 86%, 90% and 90% using TaqMan cutoffs of undetectable, <15 IU/ml and <50 IU/ml, respectively. The percentage agreement between Amplicor and TaqMan was similarly high for TaqMan cutoffs of 50 IU/ml and 15 IU/ml, but lower for undetectable viraemia (83%, 83% and 70%, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
These data emphasize the importance of achieving undetectable HCV RNA during pegylated interferon therapy to maximize SVR; however, the current 24-week stopping rule of undetectable HCV RNA appears too stringent when using sensitive PCR assays given the observed lower NPV for SVR using the TaqMan undetectable cutoff. Our data also suggest that a TaqMan <15 IU/ml result is comparable to an Amplicor-negative result (that is, below the assay cutoff value) when monitoring viral response.
Genetic and environmental influence on lung function impairment in Swedish twins

BACKGROUND
The understanding of the influence of smoking and sex on lung function and symptoms is important for understanding diseases such as COPD. The influence of both genes and environment on lung function, smoking behaviour and the presence of respiratory symptoms has previously been demonstrated for each of these separately. Hence, smoking can influence lung function by co-varying not only as an environmental factor, but also by shared genetic pathways. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate heritability for different aspects of lung function, and to investigate how the estimates are affected by adjustments for smoking and respiratory symptoms.


METHODS
The current study is based on a selected sample of adult twins from the Swedish Twin Registry. Pairs were selected based on background data on smoking and respiratory symptoms collected by telephone interview. Lung function was measured as FEV1, VC and DLco. Pack years were quantified, and quantitative genetic analysis was performed on lung function data adjusting stepwise for sex, pack years and respiratory symptoms.


RESULTS
Fully adjusted heritability for VC was 59% and did not differ by sex, with smoking and symptoms explaining only a small part of the total variance. Heritabilities for FEV1 and DLco were sex specific. Fully adjusted estimates were 10 and 15% in men and 46% and 39% in women, respectively. Adjustment for smoking and respiratory symptoms altered the estimates differently in men and women. For FEV1 and DLco, the variance explained by smoking and symptoms was larger in men. Further, smoking and symptoms explained genetic variance in women, but was primarily associated with shared environmental effects in men.


CONCLUSION
Differences between men and women were found in how smoking and symptoms influence the variation in lung function. Pulmonary gas transfer variation related to the menstrual cycle has been shown before, and the findings regarding DLco in the present study indicates gender specific environmental susceptibility not shown before. As a consequence the results suggest that patients with lung diseases such as COPD could benefit from interventions that are sex specific.
Contemporary collecting : objects, practices, and the fate of things

Table of Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Part 1 Collecting in a Virtual World 1. Marcus Boon, "Meditations in an Emergency: On the Apparent Destruction of My mp3 Collection" 2. Matthew James Vechinski, "Collecting, Curating, and the Magic Circle of Ownership in a Postmaterial Culture" 3. Phillip Hutchison, "Searching for Cap'n Ernie's Treasure Chest: Collecting and Sharing the Lost History of Live Local Television Genres" Part 2 Changing Relationships with Things 4. David Banash, "Virtual Life and the Value of Objects: Nostalgia, Distinction, and Collecting in the Twenty-First Century" 5. Daniel DeChaine, "Memory, Desire, and the "Good Collector" in PEZhead Culture" 6. William Davies King, "Suited for Nothing: Collecting Second Hand" 7. Stanley Cavell, "The World As Things: Collecting Thoughts On Collecting" Part 3 Collecting and Identity, Personal and Political 8. Stephen A. Andon, "From the Attic to the Mallpark: A Collection's Transition from Private to Public in a New Professional Baseball Stadium" 9. Mechtild Widrich, "Collecting 'History in the Making': The Privatization of Propaganda in National Socialist Cigarette Cards" 10. Terri Baker, "'The record of a life': Nation and Narrative in Victorian Women's Collections" Part 4 Collecting Practices and Cultural Hierarchies 11. Sophie Thomas, "Distraction and Display: the Curiosity Cabinet and the Romantic Museum." 12. Mary Titus, "Collection and Parody: Taliesin and House on the Rock" 13. Kevin M. Moist, "Record Collecting as Cultural Anthropology" Bibliography Contributor Biographies
A comparison of the effects of rosiglitazone and glyburide on cardiovascular function and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE
This open-label, active-controlled study investigated the cardiac safety and antihyperglycemic effect of rosiglitazone (RSG) in patients with type 2 diabetes.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Of the 203 patients randomly assigned to RSG (4 mg b.i.d.) or glyburide (GLB) (titrated to achieve optimal glycemic control for the first 8 weeks only to limit the risk of hypoglycemia; mean 10.5 mg/day), 118 had an echocardiogram performed at week 52. Left ventricular (LV) mass index, ejection fraction, and left ventricular end-diastolic volume were assessed by M-mode echocardiography at baseline and weeks 12, 28, and 52; 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was assessed at baseline and at weeks 28 and 52. Glycemic control was assessed by measuring fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA(1c).


RESULTS
Neither treatment produced an increase in LV mass index that exceeded 1 SD. Ejection fraction did not change in either group. Both groups had clinically insignificant increases in LV end-diastolic volume. RSG, but not GLB, caused a statistically significant reduction in ambulatory diastolic blood pressure. Both treatments reduced HbA(1c) and FPG.


CONCLUSIONS
A total of 52 weeks of therapy with RSG (4 mg b.i.d.) did not adversely affect cardiac structure or function in patients with type 2 diabetes and produced significant and sustained reductions in hyperglycemia. Decreases in ambulatory diastolic blood pressure with RSG were superior to those with GLB.
Isolation and Characterization of Nonrhizobial Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria from Nodules of Kudzu (Pueraria thunbergiana) and Their Effect on Wheat Seedling Growth

The leguminous vine Kudzu (Pueraria thunbergiana) is an introduction into the N. W. Himalayan region of India. Despite its value as a fodder and cover crop, little is known about the nature of the nodule microflora. In an attempt to study the nodule bacteria, we isolated and characterized three nonrhizobial plant growth promoting bacteria from surface sterilized nodules of Kudzu. Based on the sequencing of the 16 S r RNA gene, the isolates were designated as Bacillus thuringiensis KR-1, Enterobacter asburiae KR-3, and Serratia marcescens KR-4. Crystalline bodies were detected in the isolate KR-1, confirming its identity as B. thuringiensis. Under in vitro conditions, all three isolates were found to produce indole acetic acid. Other plant growth promotion attributes such as P solubilization, hydrogen cyanide production, and ammonia production varied among the isolates. All of the three isolates promoted growth and positively influenced nutrient uptake parameters of wheat seedlings.
Factors Associated with Negative Direct Sputum Examination in Asian and African HIV-Infected Patients with Tuberculosis (ANRS 1260)

OBJECTIVE
To identify factors associated with negative direct sputum examination among African and Cambodian patients co-infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV.


DESIGN
Prospective multicenter study (ANRS1260) conducted in Cambodia, Senegal and Central African Republic.


METHODS
Univariate and multivariate analyses (logistic regression) were used to identify clinical and radiological features associated with negative direct sputum examination in HIV-infected patients with positive M. tuberculosis culture on Lowenstein-Jensen medium.


RESULTS
Between September 2002 and December 2005, 175 co-infected patients were hospitalized with at least one respiratory symptom and pulmonary radiographic anomaly. Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) examination was positive in sputum samples from 110 subjects (63%) and negative in 65 patients (37%). Most patients were at an advanced stage of HIV disease (92% at stage III or IV of the WHO classification) with a median CD4 cell count of 36/mm³. In this context, we found that sputum AFB negativity was more frequent in co-infected subjects with associated respiratory tract infections (OR = 2.8 [95%CI:1.1-7.0]), dyspnea (OR = 2.5 [95%CI:1.1-5.6]), and localized interstitial opacities (OR = 3.1 [95%CI:1.3-7.6]), but was less frequent with CD4 ≤ 50/mm³ (OR = 0.4 [95%CI:0.2-0.90), adenopathies (OR = 0.4 [95%CI:0.2-0.93]) and cavitation (OR = 0.1 [95%CI:0.03-0.6]).


CONCLUSIONS
One novel finding of this study is the association between concomitant respiratory tract infection and negative sputum AFB, particularly in Cambodia. This finding suggests that repeating AFB testing in AFB-negative patients should be conducted when broad spectrum antibiotic treatment does not lead to complete recovery from respiratory symptoms. In HIV-infected patients with a CD4 cell count below 50/mm3 without an identified cause of pneumonia, systematic AFB direct sputum examination is justified because of atypical clinical features (without cavitation) and high pulmonary mycobacterial burden.
Role of Helicobacter pylori and interleukin 6 -174 gene polymorphism in dyslipidemia: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the role of Helicobacter pylori infection and interleukin 6 polymorphism -174 (rs1800795) in dyslipidemia.


DESIGN
Case-control study comparing serum lipids between H. pylori positive and negative patients and controlling for IL-6 -174 polymorphism, age, sex and smoking.


SETTING
3 hospitals performing outpatient endoscopies in the city of Oulu, Finland.


PARTICIPANTS
199 adult patients with dyspepsia symptoms fulfilling Rome criteria originating from ethnically Finnish population. Patients with an immunosuppressive disorder or malignant disease, treated H. pylori infection, immunosuppressive or anticoagulant medication, previous gastric surgery or ongoing antibiotic treatment were excluded.


PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Association of H. pylori infection and serum lipid concentrations in the whole group or in genotype-based subgroups. The associations between peptic ulcer, gastric mucosal inflammation and serum lipid concentrations were assessed as secondary outcomes.


RESULTS
The median high-density lipoprotein (HDL) serum concentration was significantly lower in the H. pylori positive group (0.81 mmol/L) than in the negative group (0.95 mmol/L; p<0.001). In the genotype subgroup analyses, a similar association between H. pylori infection and HDL serum levels was seen within the IL-6 -174 CC genotype group (HDL 0.72 vs 1.06 mmol/L, respectively; p<0.001), but no significant associations were seen in the GC or GG genotype groups. Additionally, patients with peptic ulcer demonstrated lower HDL levels (0.75 mmol/L) than H. pylori positive patients without ulcer (0.86 mmol/L; p=0.010).


CONCLUSIONS
H. pylori infection associated significantly with low serum levels of HDL in the IL-6 -174 CC genotype patients but not in the other genotypes. This suggests that the association between H. pylori infection and serum HDL could be transmitted through IL-6. We suggest that the role of IL-6 genotype should also be studied in relation to other associations between gastrointestinal microbiome and cardiovascular risk factors.
Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives.

OBJECTIVE
To summarize 16 years of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) injury surveillance data for 15 sports and to identify potential modifiable risk factors to target for injury prevention initiatives.


BACKGROUND
In 1982, the NCAA began collecting standardized injury and exposure data for collegiate sports through its Injury Surveillance System (ISS). This special issue reviews 182 000 injuries and slightly more than 1 million exposure records captured over a 16-year time period (1988-1989 through 2003-2004). Game and practice injuries that required medical attention and resulted in at least 1 day of time loss were included. An exposure was defined as 1 athlete participating in 1 practice or game and is expressed as an athlete-exposure (A-E).


MAIN RESULTS
Combining data for all sports, injury rates were statistically significantly higher in games (13.8 injuries per 1000 A-Es) than in practices (4.0 injuries per 1000 A-Es), and preseason practice injury rates (6.6 injuries per 1000 A-Es) were significantly higher than both in-season (2.3 injuries per 1000 A-Es) and postseason (1.4 injuries per 1000 A-Es) practice rates. No significant change in game or practice injury rates was noted over the 16 years. More than 50% of all injuries were to the lower extremity. Ankle ligament sprains were the most common injury over all sports, accounting for 15% of all reported injuries. Rates of concussions and anterior cruciate ligament injuries increased significantly (average annual increases of 7.0% and 1.3%, respectively) over the sample period. These trends may reflect improvements in identification of these injuries, especially for concussion, over time. Football had the highest injury rates for both practices (9.6 injuries per 1000 A-Es) and games (35.9 injuries per 1000 A-Es), whereas men's baseball had the lowest rate in practice (1.9 injuries per 1000 A-Es) and women's softball had the lowest rate in games (4.3 injuries per 1000 A-Es).


RECOMMENDATIONS
In general, participation in college athletics is safe, but these data indicate modifiable factors that, if addressed through injury prevention initiatives, may contribute to lower injury rates in collegiate sports.
Patient-specific computational fluid dynamics modeling of anterior communicating artery aneurysms: a study of the sensitivity of intra-aneurysmal flow patterns to flow conditions in the carotid arteries.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of unequal physiologic flow conditions in the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) on the hemodynamics of anterior communicating artery aneurysms.


METHODS
Patient-specific computational fluid dynamics models of 2 cerebral aneurysms were constructed from bilateral 3D rotational angiograms. The flow dynamics of the aneurysm sac were analyzed under the effect of unequal mean flows, phase shifts, and waveforms between the ICAs. A total of 9 simulations were performed for each patient; cine flow velocity simulations and unsteady wall shear stress (WSS) maps were created for each flow condition. Time-dependent curves of average WSS magnitude over selected regions on the aneurysms were constructed.


RESULTS
Mean flow unbalances in the feeding vessels tended to shift the regions of elevated WSS towards the dominating inflow jet and to change the magnitude of the WSS peaks. The overall qualitative appearance of the WSS distribution and velocity simulations was not substantially affected. Phase and waveform asymmetry increased the temporal complexity of the hemodynamic patterns and tended to destabilize the flow pattern.


CONCLUSIONS
Differences in the relative phase and waveform shape in ICAs can significantly affect the complexity and stability of the hemodynamic force distributions. The magnitude of these effects is related to the geometry of the aneurysm and the feeding vessels. Conditions affecting the flow characteristics in the parent arteries of cerebral aneurysms with more than 1 avenue of inflow should be incorporated into flow models.
The patient's appraisal of side-effects: the blind spot in quality-of-life assessments in transplant recipients.

and mortality in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 1996; 49: dialysis patients with cardiac disease: are we any the less confused about target haemoglobin? Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13: 1379–1385 9. Lowrie EG, Lew NL. Death risk in haemodialysis patients: the 3030–3033 14. Moustapha A, Naso A, Nahlawi M, Gupta A, Arheart KL, predictive value of commonly measured variables and an evaluation of death rate differences between facilities. Am J Kidney Jacobsen DW, Robinson K, Dennis VW. Prospective study of hyperhomocysteinemia as an adverse cardiovascular risk factor Dis 1990; 15: 458–482 10. Koch M, Kutkuhn B, Trenkwalder E, Bach D, Grabensec B, in end-stage renal disease. Circulation 1998; 97: 138–141 15. Hornberger J, Wrone E. When to base clinical policies on Dieplinger H, Kronenberg F. Apolipoprotein B, fibrinogen, HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein (a) phenotypes predict observational versus randomized trial data. Ann Intern Med 1997; 127: 697–703 coronary artery disease in haemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 1997; 8: 1889–1898 16. Block GA, Hulbert-Shearon TE, Levin NW, Port FK. Association of serum phosphorus and calcium×phosphate prod11. Ma JZ, Ebben J, Xia H, Collins AJ. Haematocrit level and associated mortality in haemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol uct with mortality risk in chronic haemodialysis patients: a national study. Am J Kidney Dis 1998; 31: 607–617 1999; 10: 610–619 12. Besarab A, Bolton WK, Browne JK, Egrie JC, Nissenson AR, 17. Zimmermann J, Herrlinger S, Pruy A, Metzger T, Wanner C. Inflammation enhances cardiovascular risk and mortality in Okamoto DM, Schwab SJ, Goodkin DA. The effects of normal as compared with low haematocrit values in patients with cardiac haemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 1999; 55: 648–658 18. Zoccali C, on behalf of the CREED Investigators. C Reactive disease who are receiving haemodialysis and epoetin. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 584–590 protein and atherosclerosis in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13: 2710–2711 13. Macdougall IC, Ritz E. The Normal Haematocrit Trial in