LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Histologic evaluation of the efficacy of rhBMP-2 compared with autograft bone in sheep spinal anterior interbody fusion.

STUDY DESIGN
The sheep anterior lumbar spinal fusion model was used to study the efficacy of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)-collagen composite in comparison with autograft to enhance spinal interbody fusion. Comparisons were drawn from temporal radiographic and end-point biomechanical and histologic data.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze histologically the ability of rhBMP-2 to achieve complete arthrodesis between vertebral bodies.


SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Studies using rhBMP for enhancement of anterior interbody fusion have used numerous endpoints. However, systematic histologic evaluation of the fusion has not been conducted.


METHODS
Twelve sheep underwent single-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion performed with a cylindrical fenestrated titanium interbody fusion device (INTER FIX, Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Inc., Memphis, TN). The device was filled either with rhBMP-2-collagen (n = 6) or autogenous iliac crest bone graft (n = 6). Radiologic evaluation was carried out at 2-month intervals, and all sheep were killed 6 months after surgery. Nondestructive biomechanical testing for stiffness to flexion, extension, and lateral bending moments, un-decalcified histology, and qualitative and quantitative histologic evaluation were performed.


RESULTS
Radiographs revealed a bony bridge anterior to the cage in five of six rhBMP-2-treated animals, whereas it was present only in one of five in the autogenous bone graft group. Segments treated with rhBMP-2 were 20% stiffer in flexion than autograft-treated segments at 6 months. Six of six in the rhBMP-2 group and two of six in the autograft group showed complete fusion. There was a significantly higher rate of bony continuity observed at the fenestrations of the rhBMP-2 group. Three times more number of cage fenestrations in the rhBMP-2 group demonstrated "all-bone" when compared with the autograft group (P < 0.001). Further, the scar tissue in and around the autograft-treated cages was 16-fold more (P < 0.01) than that seen for rhBMP-2-treated cages.


CONCLUSIONS
The study demonstrates that rhBMP-2 can lead to earlier radiologic fusion and a more consistent increased stiffness of the segments when compared with autograft in sheep anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Furthermore, a three times higher histologic fusion rate is attainable with significantly reduced fibrous tissue around the implant when rhBMP-2 is used.
Chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome and nail changes: a review of clinical presentation, etiology, pathogenesis, and management.

Chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome and nail changes are common complications of many classic chemotherapeutic agents and the newer molecular targeted therapies. They significantly impact patient quality of life, and frequently necessitate chemotherapy dose intensity modification or reduction. We aim to describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and current evidence-based treatment options for these entities.
Multi-label classification with Bayesian network-based chain classifiers

Article history: Available online 20 November 2013
A randomized controlled trial of Koru: a mindfulness program for college students and other emerging adults.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of Koru, a mindfulness training program for college students and other emerging adults.


PARTICIPANTS
Ninety students (66% female, 62% white, 71% graduate students) participated between Fall 2012 and Spring 2013.


METHODS
Randomized controlled trial. It was hypothesized that Koru, compared with a wait-list control group, would reduce perceived stress and sleep problems, and increase mindfulness, self-compassion, and gratitude.


RESULTS
As hypothesized, results showed significant Group (Koru, Wait-List)×Time (Pre, Post) interactions for improvements in perceived stress (F[1, 76.40]=4.50, p=.037, d=.45), sleep problems (F [1, 79.49]=4.71, p=.033, d=.52), mindfulness (F [1, 79.09]=26.80, p<.001, d=95), and self-compassion (F[1, 74.77]=18.08, p<.001, d=.75). All significant effects were replicated in the wait-list group. Significant correlations were observed among changes in perceived stress, sleep problems, mindfulness, and self-compassion.


CONCLUSIONS
Results support the effectiveness of the Koru program for emerging adults in the university setting.
Overcoming Ethnocentrism through Developing Intercultural Communication Sensitivity and

This study, based on a survey of 419 young adults, found that high levels of individuals’ intercultural communication sensitivity and multiculturalism are significant predictors of reducing individuals’ ethnocentrism. As a leading country in diversity, equality and democracy, the United States is expected to continue its leading position in appreciating cultural diversity and respecting ethnic/cultural identities. The results suggest that promoting intercultural communication sensitivity and multiculturalism is a possible measure to overcome ethnocentrism and reduce conflicts among intergroup interactions. Limitations and suggestions for future research are provided. Qingwen Dong, Kenneth D. Day and Christine M. Collaço 29
Nourishing the city: The rise of the urban food question in the Global North

The urban food question is forcing itself up the political agenda in the Global North because of a new food equation that spells the end of the ‘cheap food’ era, fuelling nutritional poverty in the cities of Europe and North America. This article explores the rise of the urban food question in the Global North through the multiple prisms of theory, policy and political practice. First, it explores the theoretical ways in which the food system is being framed in urban planning, urban political ecology and community food security. Second, it charts the rise of new urban foodscapes associated with urban agriculture and public health. Finally, it identifies a new urban food politics and asks if this constitutes a new social movement.
Uterine fibroids: current perspectives

Uterine fibroids are a major cause of morbidity in women of a reproductive age (and sometimes even after menopause). There are several factors that are attributed to underlie the development and incidence of these common tumors, but this further corroborates their relatively unknown etiology. The most likely presentation of fibroids is by their effect on the woman's menstrual cycle or pelvic pressure symptoms. Leiomyosarcoma is a very rare entity that should be suspected in postmenopausal women with fibroid growth (and no concurrent hormone replacement therapy). The gold standard diagnostic modality for uterine fibroids appears to be gray-scale ultrasonography, with magnetic resonance imaging being a close second option in complex clinical circumstances. The management of uterine fibroids can be approached medically, surgically, and even by minimal access techniques. The recent introduction of selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) and aromatase inhibitors has added more armamentarium to the medical options of treatment. Uterine artery embolization (UAE) has now been well-recognized as a uterine-sparing (fertility-preserving) method of treating fibroids. More recently, the introduction of ultrasound waves (MRgFUS) or radiofrequency (VizAblate™ and Acessa™) for uterine fibroid ablation has added to the options of minimal access treatment. More definite surgery in the form of myomectomy or hysterectomy can be performed via the minimal access or open route methods. Our article seeks to review the already established information on uterine fibroids with added emphasis on contemporary knowledge.
Dealing with the Inventory Risk

Market makers have to continuously set bid and ask quotes for the stocks they have under consideration. Hence they face a complex optimization problem in which their return, based on the bid-ask spread they quote and the frequency they indeed provide liquidity, is challenged by the price risk they bear due to their inventory. In this paper, we provide optimal bid and ask quotes and closed-form approximations are derived using spectral arguments.
Family, gender, and population in the Middle East : policies in context

The diversity of governmental policies on population growth in countries of the Middle East and North Africa are considered in light of the international debates surrounding the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, held in Cairo.
A Real Time Ball Detection Framework For Soccer Video

Despite a lot of research efforts, it is still challenging to detect the ball in soccer video, especially in long shot frames. In this paper, we propose a novel real time ball detection framework for broadcast soccer video in long shot frames. Firstly each frame of the video is preprocessed to remove the regions outside ground field and build a saliency binary map. Then, the ball candidates are detected and examined by a rule-based algorithm proposed in this paper. At last, making use of Kalman filter as an effective supplement, the ball location is decided. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework is quite effective to recognize the ball. KeywordsReal time ball detection, Soccer Video, Saliency Map
Awareness and challenges of Internet security

Internet security is an important issue today. Corporate data are at risk when they are exposed to the Internet. Current technologies provide a number of ways to secure data transmission and storage, including encryption, firewalls, and private networks. This article discusses the awareness of Internet security and challenges faced in both the public and the private sectors. Table I illustrates the unique features and the limitations of all of these Internet
Confirmation of a low α/β ratio for prostate cancer treated by external beam radiation therapy alone using a post-treatment repeated-measures model for PSA dynamics.

PURPOSE
To estimate the α/β ratio of prostate cancer treated with external beam radiation only by use of a model of long-term prostate-specific antigen (PSA) dynamics.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
Repeated measures of PSA from 5,093 patients from 6 institutions treated for localized prostate cancer by external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) without planned androgen deprivation were analyzed. A biphasic linear mixed model described the post-treatment evolution of PSA, rather than a conventional model of time to biochemical recurrence. The model was adjusted for standard prognostic factors (T stage, initial PSA level, and Gleason score) and cohort-specific effects. The radiation dose fractionation effect was estimated from the long-term rate of rise of PSA level.


RESULTS
Adjusted for other factors, total dose of EBRT and sum of squared doses per fraction were associated with long-term rate of change of PSA level (p = 0.0017 and p = 0.0003, respectively), an increase of each being associated with a lower rate of rise. The α/β ratio was estimated at 1.55 Gy (95% confidence band, 0.46-4.52 Gy). This estimate was robust to adjustment of the linear mixed model.


CONCLUSIONS
By analysis of a large EBRT-only cohort along with a method that uses all the repeated measures of PSA after the end of treatment, a low and precise α/β was estimated. These data support the use of hypofractionation at fractional doses up to 2.8 Gy but cannot presently be assumed to accurately represent higher doses per fraction.
Adjunctive psychotherapy for bipolar disorder: state of the evidence.

OBJECTIVE
Psychotherapy has long been recommended as adjunctive to pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder, but it is unclear which interventions are effective for which patients, over what intervals, and for what domains of outcome. This article reviews randomized trials of adjunctive psychotherapy for bipolar disorder.


METHOD
Eighteen trials of individual and group psychoeducation, systematic care, family therapy, interpersonal therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy are described. Relevant outcome variables include time to recovery, recurrence, duration of episodes, symptom severity, and psychosocial functioning.


RESULTS
The effects of the treatment modalities varied according to the clinical condition of patients at the time of random assignment and the polarity of symptoms at follow-up. Family therapy, interpersonal therapy, and systematic care appeared to be most effective in preventing recurrences when initiated after an acute episode, whereas cognitive-behavioral therapy and group psychoeducation appeared to be most effective when initiated during a period of recovery. Individual psychoeducational and systematic care programs were more effective for manic than depressive symptoms, whereas family therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy were more effective for depressive than manic symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
Adjunctive psychotherapy enhances the symptomatic and functional outcomes of bipolar disorder over 2-year periods. The various modalities differ in content, structure, and associated mediating mechanisms. Treatments that emphasize medication adherence and early recognition of mood symptoms have stronger effects on mania, whereas treatments that emphasize cognitive and interpersonal coping strategies have stronger effects on depression. The placement of psychotherapy within chronic care algorithms and its role as a preventative agent in the early stages of the disorder deserve investigation.
A framework for classifying semantic relationships

Recently, the NLP community has shown a renewed interest in lexical semantics in the extent of automatic recognition of semantic relationships between pairs of words in text. Lexical semantics has become increasingly important in many natural language applications, this approach to semantics is concerned with psychological facts associated with meaning of words and how these words can be connected in semantic relations to build ontologies that provide a shared vocabulary to model a specified domain. And represent a structural framework for organizing information across fields of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Semantic Web, systems engineering and information architecture. But current systems mainly concentrate on classification of semantic relations rather than to give solutions for how these relations can be created [14]. At the same time, systems that do provide methods for creating the relations tend to ignore the context in which the conceptual relationships occur. Furthermore, methods that address semantic (non-taxonomic) relations are yet to come up with widely accepted ways of enhancing the process of classifying and extracting semantic relations. In this research we will focus on the learning of semantic relations patterns between word meanings by taking into consideration the surrounding context in the general domain. We will first generate semantic patterns in domain independent environment depending on previous specific semantic information, and a set of input examples. Our case of study will be causation relations. Then these patterns will classify causation in general domain texts taking into consideration the context of the relations, and then the classified relations will be used to learn new causation semantic patterns.
Global leadership competencies: a review and discussion

Purpose – From the competency point of view, this article aims to review and discuss existing global leadership and other related literature, and to combine findings and suggestions provided in previous literature in a more integrative framework of global leadership competencies. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews and discusses the terminology used in the international global leadership literature. This is followed by a review of the main outcomes of previous research. Finally an attempt is made to combine these outcomes into a more integrative framework of global leadership competencies, offering suggestions for further research. Findings – This paper provides information about previous research, integrating earlier findings into a more comprehensive framework of global competencies. It also discusses deficiencies in use of terminology and research methods used in earlier studies giving suggestions for further research. Research limitations/implications – The references used for this review are not an exhaustive list and majority of them are drawn from American journals publishing within the topic area. Relevant sources of information may also exist in other domains of scientific inquiry. Practical implications – The framework provided in this paper incorporates main findings of previous research and, as such, it may serve as a starting point for practitioners in planning of different selection, training, and career development activities, and for academics in starting their research. Originality/value – This paper fulfils an identified information/resource need.
Post-fire runoff and erosion from rainfall simulation: contrasting forests with shrublands and grasslands

Rainfall simulations allow for controlled comparisons of runoff and erosion among ecosystems and land cover conditions. Runoff and erosion can increase greatly following fire, yet there are few rainfall simulation studies for post-fire plots, particularly after severe fire in semiarid forest. We conducted rainfall simulations shortly after a severe fire (Cerro Grande) in ponderosa pine forest near Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, which completely burned organic ground cover and exposed unprotected soil. Measurements on burned plots showed 74% of mineral soil was exposed compared with an estimated 3% exposed prior to the fire. Most of the remaining 26% surface area was covered by easily moveable ash. Rainfall was applied at 60 mm h 1 in three repeated tests over 2 days. Runoff from burned plots was about 45% of the total 120 mm of applied precipitation, but only 23% on the unburned plots. The most striking difference between the response of burned and unburned plots was the amount of sediment production; burned plots generated 25 times more sediment than unburned plots (76 kg ha 1 and 3 kg ha 1 respectively per millimetre of rain). Sediment yields were well correlated with percentage bare soil (r D 0Ð84). These sediment yields were more than an order of magnitude greater than nearly all comparable rainfall simulation studies conducted on burned plots in the USA, most of which have been in grasslands or shrublands. A synthesis of comparable studies suggests that an erosion threshold is reached as the amount of soil exposed by fire increases to 60–70%. Our results provide sediment yield and runoff data from severely burned surfaces, a condition for which little rainfall simulation data exist. Further, our results contrast post-fire hydrologic responses in forests with those in grasslands and shrublands. These results can be applied to problems concerning post-fire erosion, flooding, contaminant transport, and development of associated remediation strategies. Copyright  2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production of l-lactic acid by Rhizopus oryzae using semicontinuous fermentation in bioreactor

Semicontinuous fermentation using pellets of Rhizopus oryzae has been recognized as a promising technology for l-lactic acid production. In this work, semicontinuous fermentation of R. oryzae AS 3.819 for l-lactic acid production has been developed with high l-lactic acid yield and volumetric productivity. The effects of factors such as inoculations, CaCO3 addition time, and temperature on l-lactic acid yield and R. oryzae morphology were researched in detail. The results showed that optimal fermentation conditions for the first cycle were: inoculation with 4% spore suspension, CaCO3 added to the culture medium at the beginning of culture, and culture temperature of 32–34°C. In orthogonal experiments, high l-lactic acid yield was achieved when the feeding medium was (g/l): glucose, 100; (NH4)2SO4, 2; KH2PO4, 0.1; ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.33; MgSO4·7H2O, 0.15; CaCO3, 50. Twenty cycles of semicontinuous fermentation were carried out in flask culture. l-lactic acid yield was 78.75% for the first cycle and 80–90% for the repeated cycles; the activities of lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) were 7.2–9.2 U/mg; fermentation was completed in 24 h for each repeated cycle. In a 7-l magnetically stirred fermentor, semicontinuous fermentation lasted for 25 cycles using pellets of R. oryzae AS 3.819 under the optimal conditions determined from flask cultures. The final l-lactic acid concentration (LLAC) reached 103.7 g/l, and the volumetric productivity was 2.16 g/(l·h) for the first cycle; in the following 19 repeated cycles, the final LLAC reached 81–95 g/l, and the volumetric productivities were 3.40–3.85 g/(l·h).
Uplink Coordinated Multi-Point Reception for LTE-Advanced Systems

Coordinated Multi-Point transmission/reception (CoMP) is one of the candidate techniques for LTE-Advanced systems to increase the cell average and cell edge user throughput in both uplink and downlink. This paper presents uplink CoMP-MU-MIMO scheme and the corresponding system level performance evaluation which shows that the uplink CoMP-MU-MIMO joint processing can bring significant gains to both the average sector throughput and the cell edge user throughput. Keywords-CoMP; MU-MIMO; system level performance evaluation
Kleptography: Using Cryptography Against Cryptography

The notion of a Secretly Embedded Trapdoor with Universal Protection (SETUP) has been recently introduced. In this paper we extend the study of stealing information securely and subliminally from black-box cryptosystems. The SETUP mechanisms presented here, in contrast with previous ones, leak secret key information without using an explicit subliminal channel. This extends this area of threats, which we call “kleptography”. We introduce new definitions of SETUP attacks (strong, regular, and weak SETUPS) and the notion of rn out of n leakage bandwidth. We show a strong attack which is based on the discrete logarithm problem. We then show how to use this setup to compromise the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol. We also strengthen the previous SETUP against RSA. The strong attacks employ the discrete logarithm as a one-way function (assuring what is called “forward secrecy”), public-key cryptography, and a technique which we call probabilistic bias removal.
Research on the architecture and key technology of Internet of Things (IoT) applied on smart grid

Advances in the areas of embedded systems, computing, and networking are leading to an infrastructure composed of millions of heterogeneous devices. These devices will not simply convey information but process it in transit, connect peer to peer, and form advanced collaborations. This “Internet of Things (IoT)” infrastructure will be strongly integrated with the environment. This paper focuses on researching on the architecture and key technology of Internet of Things. Moreover, the applications of Internet of Things are interpreted in this paper. Especially, the application of IoT in smart grid is emphasized. The work presented here proposes the principal characteristics for an effective integration of the Internet of Things in smart grid.