LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
DESIGN OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED DEEP BEAMS USING STRUT-AND-TIE MODELS

A procedure to calculate the amount of reinforcement and the strength of deep beams based on strut-and-tie models is presented. The proposed design equations were calibrated using experimental results from 175 simply supported beams found in the literature with a maximum shear span-to-depth ratio of 3. The strength reduction coefficient for concrete in the main strut was found to decrease with the angle of inclination of the strut, resulting in Lower values than those stated in Appendix A of the 2002 edition of the AC/ 318 Building Code for beams with shear span-to-depth ratios greater than 1.
Cardiac Remodeling in Patients With Primary and Secondary Aldosteronism: A Tissue Doppler Study.

BACKGROUND
Primary aldosteronism (PA) causes excess left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction; whether this occurs also in secondary aldosteronism (SA) without hypertension is unknown. We investigated the cardiac modifications in patients with preserved LV ejection fraction who had PA or SA.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We measured several Doppler echocardiography-derived variables, including tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) parameters and strain rate analysis, in 262 patients with PA, 117 with SA because of liver cirrhosis, and in 61 control healthy subjects. SA and PA patients showed markedly elevated aldosterone levels (67 versus 39 ng/dL, respectively; normal values <15 ng/dL) but contrasting values of plasma renin activity (15.00 versus 0.56 ng/mL/h; P<0.001). Compared with PA, SA patients showed higher heart rate, and lower blood pressure and vascular resistance values. Both PA and SA showed increased LV diameters, LV volumes, stroke volume, stroke work, and septal peak systolic tissue velocity, and had more LV hypertrophy (61% and 39%, respectively) and diastolic dysfunction (35% and 36%, respectively) than healthy subjects. Peak systolic septal strain (20% versus 23%; P=<0.001) and midwall fractional shortening (15.9% versus 16.7%; P=0.001) were lower in PA than in SA patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism correlate with LV enlargement and high prevalence of LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction; a subclinical systolic dysfunction is evident only in PA. In SA, the high rate of LV hypertrophy, in spite of low peripheral resistances and low-to-normal blood pressure, could be accounted for the high renin and aldosterone values, and the work overload associated with a hyperdynamic circulatory state.
Pulse Shape Filtering in Wireless Communication-A Critical Analysis

The goal for the Third Generation (3G) of mobile communications system is to seamlessly integrate a wide variety of communication services. The rapidly increasing popularity of mobile radio services has created a series of technological challenges. One of this is the need for power and spectrally efficient modulation schemes to meet the spectral requirements of mobile communications. Pulse shaping plays a crucial role in spectral shaping in the modern wireless communication to reduce the spectral bandwidth. Pulse shaping is a spectral processing technique by which fractional out of band power is reduced for low cost, reliable , power and spectrally efficient mobile radio communication systems. It is clear that the pulse shaping filter not only reduces inter-symbol interference (ISI), but it also reduces adjacent channel interference. The present paper deals with critical analysis of pulse shaping in wireless communication. KeywordsWCDMA, Pulse Shaping;
3D Geographic Network Displays

Many types of information may be represented as graphs or networks with the nodes corresponding to entities and the links to relationships between entities. Often there is geographical information associated with the network. The traditional way to visualize geographical networks employs node and link displays on a two-dimensional map. These displays are easily overwhelmed, and for large networks become visually cluttered and confusing. To overcome these problems we have invented five novel network views that generalize the traditional displays. Two of the views show the complete network, while the other three concentrate on a portion of a larger network defined by connectivity to a given node. Our new visual metaphors retain many of the well-known advantages of the traditional network maps, while exploiting three-dimensional graphics to address some of the fundamental problems limiting the scalability of two-dimensional displays.
Install-Time System for Automatic Generation of Optimized Parallel Sorting Algorithms

Sorting is a fundamental algorithm used extensively in computer science as an intermediate step in many applications. The performance of sorting algorithms is heavily influenced by the type of data being sorted, and the machine being used. To assist in obtaining portable performance for sorting algorithms, we propose an install-time system for automatically constructing sequential and parallel sorts that are highly tuned for the target architecture. Our system has two steps: first a hybrid sequential divide-and-conquer sort is constructed and then this algorithm is parallelized using a shared work-queue model. To evaluate our system, we compare automatically generated sorting algorithms to sequential and parallel versions of the C++STL sort. The generated sorts are shown to be competitive with STL sort on sequential systems and to outperform the parallel STL sort on a 4 processor Xeon server.
Evaluating Machine Learning for Improving Power Grid Reliability

Ensuring reliability as the electrical grid morphs into the “smart grid” will require innovations in how we assess the state of the grid, for the purpose of proactive maintenance, rather than reactive maintenance – in the future, we will not only react to failures, but also try to anticipate and avoid them using predictive modeling (machine learning) techniques. To help in meeting this challenge, we present the Neutral Online Visualization-aided Autonomic evaluation framework (NOVA) for evaluating machine learning algorithms for preventive maintenance on the electrical grid. NOVA has three stages provided through a unified user interface: evaluation of input data quality, evaluation of machine learning results, and evaluation of the reliability improvement of the power grid. A prototype version of NOVA has been deployed for the power grid in New York City, and it is able to evaluate machine learning systems effectively and efficiently. Appearing in the ICML 2011 Workshop on Machine Learning for Global Challenges, Bellevue, WA, USA, 2011. Copyright 2011 by the author(s)/owner(s).
Detecting Small, Densely Distributed Objects with Filter-Amplifier Networks and Loss Boosting

Detecting small, densely distributed objects is a significant challenge: small objects often contain less distinctive information compared to larger ones, and finer-grained precision of bounding box boundaries are required. In this paper, we propose two techniques for addressing this problem. First, we estimate the likelihood that each pixel belongs to an object boundary rather than predicting coordinates of bounding boxes (as YOLO [1], Faster-RCNN [2] and SSD [3] do), by proposing a new architecture called Filter-Amplifier Networks (FANs). Second, we introduce a technique called Loss Boosting (LB) which attempts to soften the loss imbalance problem on each image. We test our algorithm on the problem of detecting electrical components on a new, realistic, diverse dataset of printed circuit boards (PCBs), as well as the problem of detecting vehicles in the Vehicle Detection in Aerial Imagery (VEDAI) dataset [4]. Experiments show that our method works significantly better than current state-of-theart algorithms with respect to accuracy, recall and average IoU.
An alternative approach to the Faber–Krahn inequality for Robin problems

We give a simple proof of the Faber–Krahn inequality for the first eigenvalue of the p-Laplace operator with Robin boundary conditions. The techniques introduced allow to work with much less regular domains by using test function arguments. We substantially simplify earlier proofs, and establish the sharpness of the inequality for a larger class of domains at the same time.
Fractionated laser skin resurfacing treatment complications: a review.

BACKGROUND
Fractional photothermolysis represents a new modality of laser skin resurfacing that was developed to provide a successful clinical response while minimizing postoperative recovery and limiting treatment complications.


OBJECTIVES
To review all of the reported complications that develop as a result of fractional ablative and nonablative laser skin resurfacing.


METHODS
A literature review was based on a MEDLINE search (1998-2009) for English-language articles related to laser treatment complications and fractional skin resurfacing. Articles presenting the highest level of evidence and the most recent reports were preferentially selected.


RESULTS
Complications with fractional laser skin resurfacing represent a full spectrum of severity and can be longlasting. In general, a greater likelihood of developing post-treatment complications is seen in sensitive cutaneous areas and in patients with intrinsically darker skin phototypes or predisposing medical risk factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Although the overall rate of complications associated with fractional laser skin resurfacing is much lower than with traditional ablative techniques, recent reports suggest that serious complications can develop. An appreciation of all of the complications associated with fractional laser skin resurfacing is important, especially given that many of them can be potentially prevented. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
Category-based constraint logic

This research exploits the view of constraint programming a s computation in a logical system, namelyconstraint logic. The basic ingredients of constraint logic are: constraint modelsfor the semantics (they form a comma-category over a fixed model of “b uilt-ins”), generalized polynomials in the rôle of basic syntactic ingredient, and a constraint satisfactionrelation between semantics and syntax.Category-basedconstraint logic means the development of the logic is abstr ct categorical rather than concrete set theoretical. We show that (category-based) constraint logic is an instit ution, and we internalize the study of constraint logic to the abstract framework of category-bas ed equational logic, thus opening the door for considering constraint logic programming over non-sta nd rd structures (such as CPO’s, topologies, graphs, categories, etc.). By embedding categ ory-based constraint logic into category-based equational logic, we integrate the constra i t logic programming paradigm into (category-based) equational logic programming. Results i nclude completeness of constraint logic deduction, a novel Herbrand theorem for constraint logic pr ogramming characterizing Herbrand models as initial models in constraint logic, and logical fo undations for modular combination of constraint solvers based on amalgamated sums of Herbrand mo dels in the constraint logic institution.
DATA INTEGRITY IN CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY

Cloud computing requires comprehensive security sol utions based upon many aspects of a large and loosely integrated system. The application software and databases in cloud computing are moved to the centralized large data centers, where the managemen t of the data and services may not be fully trustwo r hy. Threats, vulnerabilities and risks for cloud comput ing are explained, and then, we have designed a clo ud computing security development lifecycle model to a chieve safety and enable the user to take advantage of this technology as much as possible of security and f ce the risks that may be exposed to data. A data integrity checking algorithm; which eliminates the third party auditing, is explained to protect stati c and dynamic data from unauthorized observation, modific ation, or interference. Keyword: Cloud Computing, Cloud Computing Security, Data Integrity, Cloud Threads, Cloud Risks
Triquetrohamate Impaction Syndrome: An Unrecognized Cause of Ulnar-Sided Wrist Pain; Its Presentation Further Defined.

BACKGROUND
The aim of this review was to further define the clinical condition triquetrohamate (TH) impaction syndrome (THIS), an entity underreported and missed often. Its presentation, physical findings, and treatment are presented.


METHODS
Between 2009 and 2014, 18 patients were diagnosed with THIS. The age, sex, hand involved, activity responsible for symptoms, and defining characteristics were recorded. The physical findings, along with ancillary studies, were reviewed. Delay in diagnosis and misdiagnoses were assessed. Treatment, either conservative or surgical, is presented. Follow-up outcomes are presented.


RESULTS
There were 15 male and 3 females, average age of 42 years. Two-handed sports such as golf and baseball accounted for more than 60% of the cases, and these cases were the only ones that involved the lead nondominant hand, pain predominantly at impact. Delay in diagnosis averaged greater than 7 months, with triangular fibrocartilage (TFCC) and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) accounting for more than 50% of misdiagnoses. Physical findings of note included pain over the TH joint, worse with passive dorsiflexion and ulnar deviation. Radiographic findings are described. Instillation of lidocaine with the wrist in radial deviation under fluoroscopic imaging with relief of pain helped to confirm the diagnosis. Conservative treatment was successful in 9 of 18 patients (50%), whereas in the remaining, surgical intervention allowed approximately 80% return to full activities without limitation.


CONCLUSION
Triquetrohamate impaction syndrome remains an underreported and often unrecognized cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain. In this report, the largest series to date, its presentation, defining characteristics, and treatment options are further elucidated.
In-field tests of the EURITRACK tagged neutron inspection system

The EURopean Illicit TRAfficking Countermeasures Kit (EURITRACK) inspection system has been designed to complement X-ray scanners in the detection of explosives and other illicit materials hidden in cargo containers. The containers are interrogated by a 14-MeV tagged neutron beam at any suspect position in the X-ray image. Interrogation of a specific volume element with tagged neutrons yields information about the chemical composition of the material. Implementation and performance tests of the EURITRACK system in the Port of Rijeka in Croatia are described. Cargo container inspection results are reported and discussed. r 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 25.40.Fq; 28.20. v; 29.25.Dz; 89.20.Bb
Prevention of low back pain: effect, cost-effectiveness, and cost-utility of maintenance care – study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND
Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent condition and a socioeconomic problem in many countries. Due to its recurrent nature, the prevention of further episodes (secondary prevention), seems logical. Furthermore, when the condition is persistent, the minimization of symptoms and prevention of deterioration (tertiary prevention), is equally important. Research has largely focused on treatment methods for symptomatic episodes, and little is known about preventive treatment strategies.


METHODS/DESIGN
This study protocol describes a randomized controlled clinical trial in a multicenter setting investigating the effect and cost-effectiveness of preventive manual care (chiropractic maintenance care) in a population of patients with recurrent or persistent LBP.Four hundred consecutive study subjects with recurrent or persistent LBP will be recruited from chiropractic clinics in Sweden. The primary outcome is the number of days with bothersome pain over 12 months. Secondary measures are self-rated health (EQ-5D), function (the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire), psychological profile (the Multidimensional Pain Inventory), pain intensity (the Numeric Rating Scale), and work absence.The primary utility measure of the study is quality-adjusted life years and will be calculated using the EQ-5D questionnaire. Direct medical costs as well as indirect costs will be considered.Subjects are randomly allocated into two treatment arms: 1) Symptom-guided treatment (patient controlled), receiving care when patients feel a need. 2) Preventive treatment (clinician controlled), receiving care on a regular basis. Eligibility screening takes place in two phases: first, when assessing the primary inclusion/exclusion criteria, and then to only include fast responders, i.e., subjects who respond well to initial treatment. Data are collected at baseline and at follow-up as well as weekly, using SMS text messages.


DISCUSSION
This study investigates a manual strategy (chiropractic maintenance care) for recurrent and persistent LBP and aims to answer questions regarding the effect and cost-effectiveness of this preventive approach. Strict inclusion criteria should ensure a suitable target group and the use of frequent data collection should provide an accurate outcome measurement. The study utilizes normal clinical procedures, which should aid the transferability of the results.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinical trials.gov; NCT01539863, February 22, 2012. The first patient was randomized into the study on April 13th 2012.
Daclatasvir/peginterferon lambda-1a/ribavirin in patients with chronic HCV infection and haemophilia who are treatment naïve or prior relapsers to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin.

AIM
This study explores the potential role of a novel interferon-containing regimen for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and underlying haemophilia.


METHODS
This trial (NCT01741545) was an open-label, non-randomized phase 3 study, which included adult haemophiliacs with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Patients with HCV genotypes (GT)-2 or -3 were treated with Lambda-IFN/ribavirin (RBV)/daclatasvir (DCV) for 12 weeks (cohort A). Patients with HCV GT-1b or -4 were treated with Lambda-IFN/RBV/DCV for 12 weeks, followed by Lambda-IFN/RBV for an additional 12 weeks (cohort B). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with a sustained virologic response at post-treatment follow-up week 12 (SVR12). Clinical development of Lambda-IFN was discontinued during this trial leading to study termination before a 24-week post-treatment follow-up was obtained for all participants.


RESULTS
Overall, 51 patients were treated (cohort A, n = 12; cohort B, n = 39). The proportion of patients achieving SVR12 was 92% in cohort A and 90% in cohort B. Therapy was generally well tolerated. The most common adverse events (AEs) were related to elevations in serum transaminases and/or bilirubin. Five serious AEs, four discontinuations due to AEs, and no deaths were reported. The rate of grade 3-4 bilirubin elevations was 17-18% across cohorts.


CONCLUSION
Lambda-IFN/RBV/DCV treatment demonstrated a high SVR rate and was generally well tolerated with a safety profile consistent with expectations for this special patient population. This study supports use of DCV as part of a combination treatment regimen for haemophiliacs with CHC.
Experiences inside the Ubiquitous Oulu Smart City

The UrBan Interactions (UBI) research program, coordinated by the University of Oulu, has created a middleware layer on top of the panOULU wireless network and opened it up to ubiquitous-computing researchers, offering opportunities to enhance and facilitate communication between citizens and the government.
Enhancing Authentic Web Pages for Language Learners

Second language acquisition research since the 90s has emphasized the importance of supporting awareness of language categories and forms, and input enhancement techniques have been proposed to make target language features more salient for the learner. We present an NLP architecture and webbased implementation providing automatic visual input enhancement for web pages. Learners freely choose the web pages they want to read and the system displays an enhanced version of the pages. The current system supports visual input enhancement for several language patterns known to be problematic for English language learners, as well as fill-in-the-blank and clickable versions of such pages supporting some learner interaction.
Sex hormones in women with and without migraine: Evidence of migraine-specific hormone profiles.

OBJECTIVE
To compare daily sex hormone levels and rates of change between women with history of migraine and controls.


METHODS
History of migraine, daily headache diaries, and daily hormone data were collected in ovulatory cycles of pre- and early perimenopausal women in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Peak hormone levels, average daily levels, and within-woman day-to-day rates of decline over the 5 days following each hormone peak were calculated in ovulatory cycles for conjugated urinary estrogens (E1c), pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone. Comparisons were made between migraineurs and controls using 2-sample t tests on the log scale with results reported as geometric means.


RESULTS
The sample included 114 women with history of migraine and 223 controls. Analyses of within-woman rates of decline showed that E1c decline over the 2 days following the luteal peak was greater in migraineurs for both absolute rate of decline (33.8 [95% confidence interval 28.0-40.8] pg/mgCr vs 23.1 [95% confidence interval 20.1-26.6] pg/mgCr, p = 0.002) and percent change (40% vs 30%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between migraineurs and controls in absolute peak or daily E1c, pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. Secondary analyses demonstrated that, among migraineurs, the rate of E1c decline did not differ according to whether a headache occurred during the cycle studied.


CONCLUSIONS
Migraineurs are characterized by faster late luteal phase E1c decline compared to controls. The timing and rate of estrogen withdrawal before menses may be a marker of neuroendocrine vulnerability in women with migraine.