LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing recent human phylogenies with forensic STR loci: A statistical approach

Forensic Short Tandem Repeat (STR) loci are effective for the purpose of individual identification, and other forensic applications. Most of these markers have high allelic variability and mutation rate because of which they have limited use in the phylogenetic reconstruction. In the present study, we have carried out a meta-analysis to explore the possibility of using only five STR loci (TPOX, FES, vWA, F13A and Tho1) to carry out phylogenetic assessment based on the allele frequency profile of 20 world population and north Indian Hindus analyzed in the present study. Phylogenetic analysis based on two different approaches – genetic distance and maximum likelihood along with statistical bootstrapping procedure involving 1000 replicates was carried out. The ensuing tree topologies and PC plots were further compared with those obtained in earlier phylogenetic investigations. The compiled database of 21 populations got segregated and finely resolved into three basal clusters with very high bootstrap values corresponding to three geo-ethnic groups of African, Orientals, and Caucasians. Based on this study we conclude that if appropriate and logistic statistical approaches are followed then even lesser number of forensic STR loci are powerful enough to reconstruct the recent human phylogenies despite of their relatively high mutation rates.
The association of human adipose angiotensinogen gene expression with abdominal fat distribution in obesity

OBJECTIVE: To investigate in obese subjects the relationship between angiotensinogen gene expression in the abdominal omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue on the one hand and body fat distribution as measured by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) on the other hand and to compare angiotensinogen gene expression between the two adipose tissue regions.SUBJECTS: Twenty obese subjects undergoing weight reduction surgery with adjustable gastric banding (12 men, eight women; WHR 0.89–1.09; body mass index (BMI) 29–51 kg/m2, age 26–54 y).MEASUREMENTS: Omental and subcutaneous adipose angiotensinogen mRNA and 18S ribosomal RNA (reference gene) levels were measured by competitive quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: Angiotensinogen mRNA levels were one-third higher in the omental than in the subcutaneous adipose tissue region (P=0.02). The 18S rRNA levels did not differ significantly between the two adipose tissue regions. WHR correlated positively and significantly with angiotensinogen mRNA in both the subcutaneous and the omental adipose tissue (r=0.5). This relationship was independent of age and BMI. However, WHR did not correlate with 18S rRNA in any of the adipose tissue regions.CONCLUSION: The angiotensinogen gene in adipose tissue might be involved in the development of upper-body obesity.
Late cretaceous and tertiary rocks of broken river, Canterbury

Abstract Most of Broken River watershed lies within a roughly triangular, complex, tectonic depression bounded by major faults at the foot of Torlesse, Craigieburn, and Broken Hill Ranges. Torlesse Group greywackes and other rocks (Triassic?) are overlain unconformably by the following sequence of Cretaceous and Tertiary formations now surviving as infaulted outliers between high-standing masses : Late Pleistocene glacial and glacifluvial deposits obscure a great deal of the pre- Pleistocene geology. In the western Castle Hill area the Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks are deformed by faults and folds mostly with a north-easterly trend, the folds plunging to the southwest and west. In the eastern Avoca area the structure is more complicated and unconformities within the sequence are more pronounced. Gravitational sloughing of covering beds from greywacke basement is suspected to have occurred during uplift of the Torlesse Range. The Cretaceous-Tertiary sequence records a transgression-regression interlude bet...
Impact of point-of-care testing in the emergency department evaluation and treatment of patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the impact of point-of-care testing (POCT) for troponin I (cTnI) measurement on the time to anti-ischemic therapy (TAIT) for patients with suspected non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) presenting to the emergency department (ED).


METHODS
This was an open-label, randomized, single-center trial conducted in a university-affiliated hospital. cTnI measurement of patients with suspicion of NSTE-ACS coming to the ED was randomly allocated to POCT or central hospital laboratory testing (CHLT). The authors compared patients' baseline characteristics, time to anti-ischemic therapy, and medical outcomes between the randomized groups, in all study participants and in high-risk NSTE-ACS (cTnI level >or= 0.10 microg/mL), and in those with low suspicion ACS (no chest pain and no ST deviation).


RESULTS
Of the 860 patients enrolled, 113 were high-risk NSTE-ACS patients, including 53 (46.9%) allocated to POCT and 60 (53.1%) to CHLT. POCT was associated with decreased time to anti-ischemic therapy of about three-quarters of an hour, which was due to a shorter time to physician notification of cTnI level, in both all and subgroup participants. In contrast, neither ED length of stay nor medical outcomes differed between study groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Point-of-care testing for cTnI measurement might be clinically relevant for ED patients with a suspicion of NSTE-ACS, particularly for high-risk patients with a low suspicion of ACS.
Analyzing the effect of macroeconomic variables on stock market returns: Evidence from Ghana

This study investigates the relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock market returns using monthly data that spans from January 1992 to December, 2008. Macroeconomic variables used in this study are consumer price index (as a proxy for inflation), crude oil price, exchange rate and 91 day Treasury bill rate (as a proxy for interest rate). The ordinary least square estimation (OLS) model in the context of the Box-Jenkins time series methodology was used in establishing the relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock market returns. Empirical findings reveal that there is a significant relationship between stock market returns and consumer price index (inflation). On the other hand, crude oil prices, exchange rate and Treasury bill rate do not appear to have any significant effect on stock returns. The results may provide some insight to corporate managers, investors and policy makers.
A robust image fingerprinting system using the Radon transform

With the ever-increasing use of multimedia contents through electronic commerce and on-line services, the problems associated with the protection of intellectual property, management of large database and indexation of content are becoming more prominent. Watermarking has been considered as efficient means to these problems. Although watermarking is a powerful tool, there are some issues with the use of it, such as the modification of the content and its security. With respect to this, identifying content itself based on its own features rather than watermarking can be an alternative solution to these problems. The aim of fingerprinting is to provide fast and reliable methods for content identification. In this paper, we present a new approach for image fingerprinting using the Radon transform to make the fingerprint robust against affine transformations. Since it is quite easy with modern computers to apply affine transformations to audio, image and video, there is an obvious necessity for affine transformation resilient fingerprinting. Experimental results show that the proposed fingerprints are highly robust against most signal processing transformations. Besides robustness, we also address other issues such as pairwise independence, database search efficiency and key dependence of the proposed method. r 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Structure guided fusion for depth map inpainting

0167-8655/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier B.V. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2012.06.003 ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: fred.qi@ieee.org (F. Qi), gmshi@x 1 Principal corresponding author. Depth acquisition becomes inexpensive after the revolutionary invention of Kinect. For computer vision applications, depth maps captured by Kinect require additional processing to fill up missing parts. However, conventional inpainting methods for color images cannot be applied directly to depth maps as there are not enough cues to make accurate inference about scene structures. In this paper, we propose a novel fusion based inpainting method to improve depth maps. The proposed fusion strategy integrates conventional inpainting with the recently developed non-local filtering scheme. The good balance between depth and color information guarantees an accurate inpainting result. Experimental results show the mean absolute error of the proposed method is about 20 mm, which is comparable to the precision of the Kinect sensor. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Prevalence of ADHD in nonpsychotic adult psychiatric care (ADPSYC): A multinational cross-sectional study in Europe

BACKGROUND
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of ADHD in adult psychiatric outpatients in several European countries.


METHOD
ADHD diagnosis was made using the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults, version 2.0 (DIVA), according to criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) and 5th Edition (DSM-5).


RESULTS
Of 5662 patients present/approached, 2284 (40.3 %) consented, of whom 1986 patients (87.0 %) completed the study. Based on the DIVA, and applying DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 criteria, 15.8 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 14.2 %-17.4 %) or 17.4 % (95 % CI 15.7 %-19.0 %) of patients were diagnosed with ADHD, respectively. The prevalence of ADHD was 15.3 % when counting as non-ADHD those patients who screened positive but did not complete the DIVA (DSM-5).


CONCLUSIONS
Estimates from this study indicate that a relevant part of the psychiatric outpatient care population suffers from ADHD.
Balance Training Reduces Falls Risk in Older Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the effects of balance/strength training on falls risk and posture in older individuals with type 2 diabetes.


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Sixteen individuals with type 2 diabetes and 21 age-matched control subjects (aged 50-75 years) participated. Postural stability and falls risk was assessed before and after a 6-week exercise program.


RESULTS
Diabetic individuals had significantly higher falls risk score compared with control subjects. The diabetic group also exhibited evidence of mild-to-moderate neuropathy, slower reaction times, and increased postural sway. Following exercise, the diabetic group showed significant improvements in leg strength, faster reaction times, decreased sway, and, consequently, reduced falls risk.


CONCLUSIONS
Older individuals with diabetes had impaired balance, slower reactions, and consequently a higher falls risk than age-matched control subjects. However, all these variables improved after resistance/balance training. Together these results demonstrate that structured exercise has wide-spread positive effects on physiological function for older individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Multimodal endocavitary ultrasound versus MRI and clinical findings in pre- and post-treatment advanced cervical cancer. Preliminary report.

AIMS
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of pre and post-therapy transrectal and transvaginal ultrasonography (TRUS, TVUS) with contrast enhancement and strain elastography compared with clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of advanced stage cervical cancer.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
This was a prospective study, carried out over a period of nine months on subjects with advanced-stage cervical cancer (stage >/= IIB). All included patients were examined clinically and underwent abdomino-pelvic contrast enhanced MRI and multimodal US examinations (TRUS with strain elastography and contrast enhanced TVUS) at the time of diagnosis and after radiochemotherapy. Tumor size and staging at TRUS and TVUS was compared with the same data obtained by clinical examination and MRI. Pathology was the golden standard.


RESULTS
Eight patients accomplished the inclusion criteria. In five cases the tumor stage was identical on clinical and MRI examinations. In all cases parametrial infiltration was diagnosed by all pre-treatment examinations. No significant differences were observed in tumor size between clinical, US and MRI exams either at baseline or post-therapy, in native or post-contrast examinations. The size of the tumor evaluated pre-treatment proved to be significantly smaller post-contrast in both US and MRI examinations compared with the native images. Post-therapy, no significant differences were observed on US measured tumor dimensions when comparing native with post-contrast images. Oppositely, significant smaller dimensions were observed on post-contrast MRI compared with native scans.


CONCLUSIONS
TRUS is accurate in the estimation of pre-therapy cervical cancer dimension. The post therapy tumor evaluation is better performed with MRI. The use of intravenous contrast agents on both examinations did not improved the accuracy of tumor evaluation pre or post-therapy.
A Steering Environment for Online Parallel Visualization of Legacy Parallel Simulations

In the context of scientific computing, the computational steering consists in the coupling of numerical simulations with 3D visualization systems through the network. This allows scientists to monitor online the intermediate results of their computations in a more interactive way than the batch mode, and allows them to modify the simulation parameters on-the-fly. While most of existing computational steering environments support parallel simulations, they are often limited to sequential visualization systems. This may lead to an important bottleneck and increased rendering time. To achieve the required performance for online visualization, we have designed the EPSN framework, a computational steering environment that enables to interconnect legacy parallel simulations with parallel visualization systems. For this, we have introduced a redistribution algorithm for unstructured data, that is well adapted to the context of M × N computational steering. Then, we focus on the design of our parallel viewer and present some experimental results obtained with a particlebased simulation in astrophysics.
Chatbots and the new world of HCI

A potential revolution is happening in front of our eyes. For decades, researchers and practitioners in human-computer interaction (HCI) have been improving their skills in designing for graphical user interfaces. Now things may take an unexpected turn—toward natural-language user interfaces, in which interaction with digital systems happens not through scrolling, swiping, or button clicks, but rather through strings of text in natural language. This is particularly visible in recent developments in chatbots, that is, machine agents serving as natural-language user interfaces to data and service providers [1], typically in the context of messaging applications. Need a reminder to pick up some flowers for your husband on the way home? Ask Jarvis the chatbot to remind you. Wonder if you should bring an umbrella to that meeting in Stockholm? Send Poncho the artificial weather cat a message and ask. If technology giants like Google, Facebook, and Microsoft are right, we will be moving our digital interaction from websites and apps with graphical user interfaces to messaging platforms such as Messenger and Allo. If this happens, huge challenges and opportunities await in the field of HCI.
The Energy-Momentum Tensor for Gravitational Interactions

Within the Lagrange formalism we show that the gauge invariant total energy-momentum tensor for gravitational interactions is zero. If the equations of motion are satisfied the energy tensor is conserved.
Exact Solution of Linear Equations Using Residue Arithmetic (Remark on Algorithm 406)

Submittal of an algorithm for consideration for publication in Communications of the ACM implies unrestricted use of the algorithm within a computer is permissible. General permission to republish, but not for profit, all or part of this material is granted provided that ACM's copyright notice is given and that reference is made to the publication, to its date of issue, and to the fact that reprinting privileges were granted by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. The procedure Coulomb can be used very weU to generate the Coulomb wave functions FL and GL and their derivatives, needed in elastic scattering calculations in nuclear physics. When the procedure is used many times for many values of rho and eta, it is not only very useful but also necessary to have in each instance an indication about the accuracy of the results. It is obvious to use the Wronskian relations FL'GL-FLGL' ~ l for the purpose of checking the results, as Fr6berg [1] states after formula (3.4). However, one has to be very careful in using these relations. The most significant check is given later on, but first it is shown what can go wrong. K61big pointed out already in the certification that Lutz and Karvelis [2] failed to notice discrepancies exceeding 100 units in the sixth significant digit in their tables although they state "when all the functions are generated we test to see how closely the Wron-skian relation FL'GL-FLGL' = 1 is obeyed." The way Lutz and Karvelis generate the functions goes as follows. First they calculate Go and Go'; then they use recurrence relations to get GL and GL' for L > 0; and lastly them use backward recurrence This investigation was part of the research program of the "Stichting voor Fundamental Onderzoek der Materie (F.O.M.)," which is financially supported by the "Nederlandse Organisatie voor Zuiver Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Z.W.O.)". relations together with the relation FoG~-GoF1 = (n 2 + I)-~ to get FL and FL' for all L. This last relation is in fact a di:::rent form of the Wronskian relation, see e.g. Fr6berg [1] formula (3.5). The use of the Wronskian relations to check the results now gives information only about the stability in the use of the recurrence relations, not about the accuracy of the Coulomb wave functions. As an independent check on the function values, the following procedure can be used. It is easy to …
Encoding and decoding the knowledge of association rules over SVM classification trees

This paper presents a constructive method for association rule extraction, where the knowledge of data is encoded into an SVM classification tree (SVMT), and linguistic association rule is extracted by decoding of the trained SVMT. The method of rule extraction over the SVMT (SVMT-rule), in the spirit of decision-tree rule extraction, achieves rule extraction not only from SVM, but also over the decision-tree structure of SVMT. Thus, the obtained rules from SVMT-rule have the better comprehensibility of decision-tree rule, meanwhile retains the good classification accuracy of SVM. Moreover, profiting from the super generalization ability of SVMT owing to the aggregation of a group of SVMs, the SVMT-rule is capable of performing a very robust classification on such datasets that have seriously, even overwhelmingly, class-imbalanced data distribution. Experiments with a Gaussian synthetic data, seven benchmark cancers diagnosis, and one application of cell-phone fraud detection have highlighted the utility of SVMT and SVMT-rule on comprehensible and effective knowledge discovery, as well as the superior properties of SVMT-rule as compared to a purely support-vector based rule extraction. (A version of SVMT Matlab software is available online at http://kcir.kedri.info )
Derivation of Backpropagation in Convolutional Neural Network ( CNN )

Derivation of backpropagation in convolutional neural network (CNN) is conducted based on an example with two convolutional layers. The step-by-step derivation is helpful for beginners. First, the feedforward procedure is claimed, and then the backpropagation is derived based on the example. 1 Feedforward
Cortical neuronal densities and lamination in focal cortical dysplasia

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is considered to represent a malformation due to abnormal cortical development (MCD) and is an important cause of focal epilepsy. The histopathological features include abnormal laminar architecture, the presence of hypertrophic and dysmorphic neurones in FCD type IIA and additional balloon cells in FCD type IIB. The events causing these sporadic lesions are unknown, but abnormal progenitor cell proliferation occurring late in corticogenesis has been proposed. FCD-like lesions have, however, also been described following a cerebral injury early in life. We carried out a stereological assessment on 15 cases of FCD on NeuN- and Nissl-stained sections from patients with a wide age range, and identified a significant reduction in the neuronal density in all cases in the region of dysplasia compared to the adjacent unaffected cortex (mean neuronal densities 19.2×103/mm3 in the region of dysplasia; 42.8×103/mm3 in the adjacent cortex). Relative differences in neuronal density and size in FCD cases between the superficial (layer I and II) and deep cortical laminae (layer V and VI) were similar to that observed in other pathologies including mild MCD, temporal neocortex adjacent to hippocampal sclerosis as well as in a non-epilepsy surgical control group. The lower overall neuronal densities observed in FCD may reflect neuropil expansion, a local failure of neuronal migration, proliferation or secondary neuronal loss. The preservation of relative differences in neuronal densities between cortical layers and laminar patterns of neurofilament staining in FCD would support the view that the temporal sequence of lamination is not affected.
Real-time geometric deformation displacement maps using programmable hardware

Striving for photorealism, texture mapping, and its more advanced variations, bump and displacement mapping, have all become fundamental tools in computer graphics. Recently, the introduction of programmable graphics hardware has enabled the employment of displacement mapping in real-time applications. While displacement mapping facilitates the actual modification of the underlying geometry, it is constrained by being an injective mapping. Further, it is also limited because it usually maps the geometry of the (low-resolution) smooth base surfaces, typically by displacing their vertices. Drawing from recent work on deformation displacement mapping (DDM) [4], in this paper we offer real-time solutions to both these limitations. Our solutions make it possible to employ the DDM paradigm on programmable graphics hardware. By reversing the roles of the base surfaces and their geometric details, both the one-to-one constraint and the base surface resolution limitation are resolved. Furthermore, this role reversal also paves the way for other benefits such as a tremendous decrease in the memory consumption of geometric detail information in the DDM and the ability to animate the details over the base surface. We show that the presented scheme can be used effectively to generate highly complex renderings and animations, in real time, on modern graphics hardware. The capabilities of the proposed method are demonstrated for both rational parametric base surfaces and polygonal base surfaces.
An ant colony optimizer for melody creation with baroque harmony

We propose an algorithm that is based on the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) metaheuristic for producing harmonized melodies. The algorithm works in two stages. In the first stage it creates a melody. This melody is then harmonized according to the rules of Baroque harmony in the second stage. This is the first ACO algorithm to create music that uses domain knowledge and the first employed for harmonization of a melody.