LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Effect of synovial fluid on boundary lubrication of articular cartilage.

OBJECTIVES
The lubrication of articulating cartilage surfaces in joints occurs through several distinct modes. In the boundary mode of lubrication, load is supported by surface-to-surface contact, a feature that makes this mode particularly important for maintenance of the normally pristine articular surface. A boundary mode of lubrication is indicated by a kinetic friction coefficient being invariant with factors that influence formation of a fluid film, including sliding velocity and axial load. The objectives of this study were to (1) implement and extend an in vitro articular cartilage-on-cartilage lubrication test to elucidate the dependence of the friction properties on sliding velocity, axial load, and time, and establish conditions where a boundary mode of lubrication is dominant, and (2) determine the effects of synovial fluid (SF) on boundary lubrication using this test.


METHODS
Fresh bovine osteochondral samples were analyzed in an annulus-on-disk rotational configuration, maintaining apposed articular surfaces in contact, to determine static (mu(static) and mu(static),(N(eq)) and kinetic ([mu(kinetic)] and [mu(kinetic),(N(eq))]) friction coefficients, each normalized to the instantaneous and equilibrium (N(eq)) normal loads, respectively.


RESULTS
With increasing pre-sliding durations, mu(static) and mu(static),(N(eq)) were similar, and increased up to 0.43 +/- 0.03 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and 0.19 +/- 0.01 in SF, whereas [mu(kinetic)] and [mu(kinetic),(N(eq))] were steady. Over a range of sliding velocities of 0.1-1 mm/s and compression levels of 18% and 24%, [mu(kinetic)] was 0.072 +/- 0.010 in PBS and 0.014 +/- 0.003 in SF, and [mu(kinetic),(N(eq))] was 0.093 +/- 0.005 in PBS and 0.018 +/- 0.002 in SF.


CONCLUSIONS
A boundary mode of lubrication was achieved in a cartilage-on-cartilage test configuration. SF functioned as an effective friction-lowering boundary lubricant for native articular cartilage surfaces.
Human Factors Evaluation of Level 2 and Level 3 Automated Driving Concepts: Concepts of Operation

Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. If trade or manufacturers' names or products are mentioned, it is because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. (2014, July). Human factors evaluation of level 2 and level 3 automated driving concepts: Concepts of operation. 16. Abstract The Concepts of Operation document evaluates the functional framework of operations for Level 2 and Level 3 automated vehicle systems. This is done by defining the varying levels of automation, the operator vehicle interactions, and system components; and further, by assessing the automation relevant parameters from a scenario-based analysis standpoint. Specific to the " Human Factors Evaluation of Level 2 and Level 3 Automated Driving Concepts " research effort, scenarios and literature are used to identify the range of near-to mid-term production-intent systems such that follow-on research topics with highest impact potential can be identified through commonalities in operational concepts. This document defines the automated passenger vehicle functional domain of operations for the purposes of this project. The document addresses system functionality in terms of the vehicle's interaction with the driver, environment, and surrounding traffic. System operation, processes, and interactions are described on a basic level. The document is based on team expertise and available literature. The document is limited to Level 2 (L2) and Level 3 (L3) automated vehicle operations for passenger cars. The focus includes transitions between levels. The typical Concept of Operations (ConOps) document focuses on a specific system implementation to enable a developer organization to describe the capabilities and limitations in detail and to assess system impacts, costs, and long-term requirements (maintenance, etc.). From this the developer would define functional requirements based on the ConOps, followed by technical requirements and system design. This document is not focused on system design and development; it instead proceeds from a different basis. It supports a process to understand the broad functional domain of operations for automated vehicles and, from that universe, select several representative system configurations for L2 and L3 automation. Therefore, a full set of parameters …
Geometric overcomplete ICA

In independent component analysis (ICA), given some signal input the goal is to find an independent decomposition. We present an algorithm based on geometric considerations [11] to decompose a linear mixture of more sources than sensor signals. We present an efficient method for the matrix-recovery step in the framework of a two-step approach to the source separation problem. The second step — sourcerecovery — uses the standard maximum-likelihood approach.
True Motion-Compensated De-Interlacing Algorithm

This paper presents a true motion-compensated de-interlacing (TMCD) algorithm based on a fast true motion estimation scheme. The fast true motion estimation scheme, designated as a variable block size true motion estimation for a translated motion model (VBTME), finds block-based true motion vectors within interlaced fields and then uses these true motion vectors to construct corresponding de-interlaced frames. Although the real motions of a majority of the objects within an interlaced field can be accurately represented by using block-based true motion vectors, the motions of certain objects (e.g., those which disappear suddenly or are occluded by other objects) cannot be adequately compensated by using such vectors, and therefore, the corresponding pixels must be further refined by an alternative method. Accordingly, a TMCD applies a set of three decisional rules and then selects either a new spatial edge direction indicated interpolation method or a traditional temporal mean filter to interpolate those pixels which cannot be adequately compensated by using true motion vectors. The experimental results show that by comparing the PSNR values for CIF format video sequences obtained by a 4-field adaptive motion-compensated (4F-AMC) de-interlacing scheme and a selective motion-compensated (SMC) de-interlacing scheme to a TMCD scheme, an average PSNR improvement of 1.37 and 6.36 dB is achieved, respectively. Furthermore, compared to the motion estimation schemes used in a 4F-AMC and a SMC, the VBTME reduces motion estimation time by 96 and 69%, respectively. Finally, it is shown that the visual quality of videos with a CCIR601 format de-interlaced using a TMCD is better than that obtained by using a 4F-AMC de-interlacing scheme.
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/European Society of Cardiology/World Heart Federation universal definition of myocardial infarction classification system and the risk of cardiovascular death: observations from the TRITON-TIMI 38 trial (Trial to Assess Improvement in Therape

BACKGROUND
The availability of more sensitive biomarkers of myonecrosis and a new classification system from the universal definition of myocardial infarction (MI) have led to evolution of the classification of MI. The prognostic implications of MI defined in the current era have not been well described.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We investigated the association between new or recurrent MI by subtype according to the European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/World Health Federation Task Force for the Redefinition of MI Classification System and the risk of cardiovascular death among 13 608 patients with acute coronary syndrome in the Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition with Prasugrel-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 38 (TRITON-TIMI 38). The adjusted risk of cardiovascular death was evaluated by landmark analysis starting at the time of the MI through 180 days after the event. Patients who experienced an MI during follow-up had a higher risk of cardiovascular death at 6 months than patients without an MI (6.5% versus 1.3%, P<0.001). This higher risk was present across all subtypes of MI, including type 4a (peri-percutaneous coronary intervention, 3.2%; P<0.001) and type 4b (stent thrombosis, 15.4%; P<0.001). After adjustment for important clinical covariates, the occurrence of any MI was associated with a 5-fold higher risk of death at 6 months (95% confidence interval 3.8-7.1), with similarly increased risk across subtypes.


CONCLUSIONS
MI is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular death, with a consistent relationship across all types as defined by the universal classification system. These findings underscore the clinical relevance of these events and the importance of therapies aimed at preventing MI.
Security Improvement for Management Frames in IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks

IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN) has gained popularity. WLANs use different security protocols like WEP, WPA and WPA2. The newly ratified WPA2 provides the highest level of security for data frames. However WPA2 does not really mention about protection of management frames. In other words IEEE 802.11 management frames are always sent in an unsecured manner. In fact the only security mechanism for management frames is CRC-32 bit algorithm. While useful for unintentional error detection, CRC-32 bit is not safe to completely verify data integrity in the face of intentional modifications. Therefore an unsecured management frame allows an attacker to start different kinds of attack. This paper proposes a new model to address these security problems in management frames. First we summarize security threats on management frames and their influences in WLANs. Then based on these security threats, we propose a new per frames security model to provide efficient security for these frames. Finally simulation methodology is presented and results are provided. Mathematical probabilities are discussed to demonstrate that the proposed security model is robust and efficient to secure management frames.
Fiber-Optic Sensing: A Historical Perspective

Sensing via fiber optics has occupied R&D groups for over 40 years, and some important transitions into the commercial sector have been achieved. We look at the fundamental concepts involved in the various sensing approaches, and the differentiators which have led to commercial impact. We also look to the future of fiber-optic sensors.
Nonstandard Models for a Fragment of the Arithmetic and Their Decision Problem

M := {X I x E Z[[U]], z 2 o} , where 2 is the antilexicographical ordering in which the indeterminate u becomes infinitely small. (The variable x here also denotes elements of the model); the opera. tions +, are interpreted by the usual operations of addition and multiplication in z[[u]], sx and px are interpreted as x + 1 and x 1 respectively, o is the zero power series, and the operation x A y is defined by [r-y if x z y , otherwise. x’y=
Learning About and From Post-Poliomyelitis: A Seminar for Physical and Occupational Therapists and Physical and Occupational Therapist Assistants Physical Therapy Examination and Treatment of the Polio Survivor

Since 1997, The Guide to Physical Therapist Practice,1 published by the American Physical Therapy Association, has served as the standard by which PTs measure their practice. In this document, PTs can find preferred practice patterns labeled with titles known as "PT Diagnoses" that describe accepted methods of practice for virtually any disorder able to be treated by our profession. In the chapter containing information about the neuromuscular practice patterns, two patterns in particular seem to most appropriately apply to the treatment of polio survivors. These are:
An accelerated associates degree program in electronics technology: a case study

New England Institute of Technology (NEIT) has implemented an accelerated associates degree program in response to a local company's immediate need for electronics technicians. This paper discusses the observations of an ongoing study to evaluate the effectiveness of accelerated degree programs.
Nursing interventions to reduce the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infection: part 2: staff education, monitoring, and care techniques.

BACKGROUND
The US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has enacted 2 policies that have focused considerable attention on the optimal use of indwelling catheters in the acute and long-term care settings and the prevention of complications including catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI).


OBJECTIVES
This is the second of a 2-part Evidence-Based Report Card reviewing current evidence pertaining to nursing actions for prevention of CAUTI in patients with short- and long-term indwelling catheters. Part 2 reviews multiple interventions for CAUTI prevention including staff education, monitoring of catheter use and CAUTI incidence, insertion technique, urethral meatal care, securement, use of a closed drainage system, bladder irrigation, frequency of catheter change, and antiseptic solutions in the drainage bag.


SEARCH STRATEGY
Nursing actions for prevention of CAUTI were identified based on search of electronic databases and Web-based search engines for national or international clinical practice guidelines focusing on this topic. Evidence related to the above nursing interventions was identified by searching electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, the ancestry of articles identified in these searches and Google scholar.


RESULTS
Limited evidence suggests that the following interventions reduce the incidence of CAUTI in patients managed by short-term indwelling catheterization: (1) staff education about catheter management, combined with regular monitoring of CAUTI incidence, (2) a facility-wide program to ensure catheterization only when indicated and prompt removal of indwelling catheters, (3) daily cleansing of the urethral meatus using soap and water or perineal cleanser, and (4) maintenance of a closed urinary drainage system. Mixed evidence suggests that use of a preconnected system reduces inadvertent interruption of a closed urinary drainage system and may prevent CAUTI. Limited evidence suggests that routine catheter changes every 4 to 6 weeks reduce CAUTI incidence in patients managed by long-term catheterization. Existed evidence suggests that the following interventions are not effective for reducing CAUTI incidence: (1) use of sterile technique for catheter insertion, (2) use of antiseptic solutions or ointments during routine meatal care, (3) use of a 2-chambered urinary drainage bag, (4) use of antiseptic filters incorporated into a urinary drainage bag, (5) bladder or catheter irrigation, (6) frequent changes of the urinary drainage bag, and (7) placement of an antiseptic solution in the urinary drainage bag.


IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Evidence from parts 1 and 2 of this Evidence-Based Report Card provides a sound basis for designing an evidence-based program to prevent CAUTI. Essential elements of a CAUTI prevention program include staff education, ongoing monitoring of CAUTI incidence, monitoring catheter insertion and ensuring prompt removal, and careful attention to techniques for catheterization and catheter care.
Automatic email response suggestion for support departments within a university

9 Background. Office of Academic Affairs (OAA), Office of Student Life (OSL) and Information Technology Helpdesk (ITD) are support functions within a university which receives hundreds of email messages on the daily basis. A large percentage of emails received by these departments are frequent and commonly used queries or request for information. Responding to every query by manually typing is a tedious and time consuming task and an automated approach for email response suggestion can save lot of time. 10
Compact Conformal Map for Greedy Routing in Wireless Mobile Sensor Networks

Motivated by mobile sensor networks as in participatory sensing applications, we are interested in developing a practical, lightweight solution for routing in a mobile network. While greedy routing is robust to mobility, it may get stuck in a local minimum, which then requires non-trivial recovery methods. We find an embedding of the network such that greedy routing using the virtual coordinates guarantees delivery, thus eliminating the necessity of any recovery methods. Our contribution is to replace the in-network computation of the embedding by a preprocessing of the domain before network deployment and encode the map of network domain to virtual coordinate space by using a small number of parameters which can be preloaded to all sensor nodes. As a result, the map is only dependent on the network domain and is independent of the network connectivity. Each node can directly compute or update its virtual coordinates by applying the locally stored map on its geographical coordinates. This represents the first practical solution for using virtual coordinates for greedy routing in a sensor network and could be easily extended to the case of a mobile network. The paper describes algorithmic innovations as well as implementations on a real testbed.
Acute gouty arthritis following recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy in an allogeneic blood stem cell donor

While rhG-CSF therapy in normal allogeneic donors has been generally well tolerated, an increasing list of acute complications has been described. We would like to add another acute complication of rhG-CSF in an allogeneic blood stem cell donor, namely acute gouty arthritis. A 65-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease was identified as an HLA-genotypically identical stem cell donor for his sister who had acute myeloid leukemia. The donor had a history of asthma, coronary artery disease with two previous angioplastic procedures (in November 1996), degenerative arthritis of the right knee (status post right knee replacement) and hypercholesterolemia. He took pravachol 20 mg daily and one aspirin daily. He had no history of gout. Physical examination prior to administration of rhG-CSF revealed no joint swelling, erythema tenderness or deformities. A baseline uric acid level was 8.2 mg/dl (normal range 3.6 to 8.5). rhG-CSF was begun at a dose of 10mg/kg per day. On the second day of treatment he noticed tenderness on the back of his heel (in an area of previous Achilles tendon surgery). He saw his private physician who prescribed cephalexin for presumed cellulitis. Over the next several days erythema and tenderness over the heel area progressed. On the morning of intended stem cell donation (following 5 days of G-CSF therapy), examination of left foot was remarkable for marked erythema, warmth and tenderness with fluctuance over the left heel, swelling of the plantar surface of the foot, and erythema and edema of the distal left foot and M Bonno Department of Pediatrics, E Azuma and Clinical Immunology, Mie University of Medicine, 2–174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-0001, Japan
Phased array for millimeter-wave mobile handset

In this paper, a phased array designed for millimeter-wave mobile handset is demonstrated. The low profile antenna array is capable of covering a quarter of the entire space with 11dBi peak gain when beam is electronically steered. Four such arrays on each side of the mobile device would provide full spatial coverage. The antenna design is based on waveguide structure and allows for an all metallic mobile phone case when integrated. The specific antenna presented in this paper is designed around 28GHz with 2GHz bandwidth for the future Samsung 5G cellular system.
Overlapping layered learning

Layered learning is a hierarchical machine learning paradigm that enables learning of complex behaviors by incrementally learning a series of sub-behaviors. A key feature of layered learning is that higher layers directly depend on the learned lower layers. In its original formulation, lower layers were frozen prior to learning higher layers. This article considers a major extension to the paradigm that allows learning certain behaviors independently, and then later stitching them together by learning at the “seams” where their influences overlap. The UT Austin Villa 2014 RoboCup 3D simulation team, using such overlapping layered learning, learned a total of 19 layered behaviors for a simulated soccer-playing robot, organized both in series and in parallel. To the best of our knowledge this is more than three times the number of layered behaviors in any prior layered learning system. Furthermore, the complete learning process is repeated on four additional robot body types, showcasing its generality as a paradigm for efficient behavior learning. The resulting team won the RoboCup 2014 championship with an undefeated record, scoring 52 goals and conceding none. This article includes a detailed experimental analysis of the team’s performance and the overlapping layered learning approach that led to its success.
Anxiety sensitivity as a mechanism for gender discrepancies in anxiety and mood symptoms.

Despite the well-established gender differences in the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders, there is a dearth of research looking at sex-linked, variable risk factors that could serve as appropriate intervention targets to ameliorate these discrepancies. One such potential variable risk factor is anxiety sensitivity (AS), or a fear of anxiety related sensations. Studies have established elevated AS in women compared to men, and that AS prospectively predicts the development of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Additionally, research has demonstrated some specificity with regard to the lower-order AS dimensions (physical, cognitive, and social concerns) in relation to symptoms of anxiety and depression. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether overall AS, as well as lower-order AS dimensions, statistically mediate the relations between gender and anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of individuals with elevated AS presenting for an AS intervention. Data for the current study were collected from participants (N = 106) at baseline prior to randomization to treatment condition. Results revealed that overall AS statistically mediated the relations between gender and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Significant statistical mediation was also found for AS physical and social concerns for anxiety symptoms, and AS cognitive concerns for depressive symptoms. These results suggest the possible importance of AS in the gender discrepancies in anxiety and depression. Future research should examine whether an AS intervention can help ameliorate this prevalence gap.