LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
On the effectiveness of isolation-based anomaly detection in cloud data centers

The high volume of monitoring information generated by large-scale cloud infrastructures poses a challenge to the capacity of cloud providers in detecting anomalies in the infrastructure. Traditional anomaly detection methods are resource-intensive and computationally complex for training and/or detection, what is undesirable in very dynamic and large-scale environment such as clouds. Isolation-based methods have the advantage of low complexity for training and detection and are optimized for detecting failures. In this work, we explore the feasibility of Isolation Forest, an isolation-based anomaly detection method, to detect anomalies in large-scale cloud data centers. We propose a method to code time-series information as extra attributes that enable temporal anomaly detection and establish its feasibility to adapt to seasonality and trends in the time-series and to be applied on-line and in real-time. Copyright c © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research Guides: Design for "X": Overview

Non-technical constraints on design and engineering Ethics and social impact of design and engineering
Subcutaneous Abatacept vErsus Intravenous Abatacept: A Phase IIIb Noninferiority Study in Patients With an Inadequate Response to Methotrexate

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV) abatacept.


METHODS
In this phase IIIb double-blind, double-dummy, 6-month study, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inadequate responses to methotrexate were randomized to receive 125 mg SC abatacept on days 1 and 8 and weekly thereafter (plus an IV loading dose [∼10 mg/kg] on day 1) or IV abatacept (∼10 mg/kg) on days 1, 15, and 29 and every 4 weeks thereafter. The primary end point for determining the noninferiority of SC abatacept to IV abatacept was the proportion of patients in each group meeting the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (achieving an ACR20 response) at month 6. Other efficacy end points, immunogenicity, and safety were also assessed.


RESULTS
Of 1,457 patients, 693 of 736 (94.2%) treated with SC abatacept and 676 of 721 (93.8%) treated with IV abatacept completed 6 months. At month 6, 76.0% (95% confidence interval 72.9, 79.2) of SC abatacept-treated patients versus 75.8% (95% confidence interval 72.6, 79.0) of IV abatacept-treated patients achieved an ACR20 response (estimated difference between groups 0.3% [95% confidence interval -4.2, 4.8]), confirming noninferiority of SC abatacept to IV abatacept. Onset and magnitude of ACR responses and disease activity and physical function improvements were comparable between the SC and IV abatacept-treated groups. The proportions of adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs over 6 months were 67.0% and 4.2%, respectively, in the SC abatacept-treated group and 65.2% and 4.9%, respectively, in the IV abatacept-treated group, with comparable frequencies of serious infections, malignancies, and autoimmune events between groups. SC injection site reactions (mostly mild) occurred in 19 SC abatacept (IV placebo)-treated patients (2.6%) and 18 IV abatacept (SC placebo)-treated patients (2.5%). Abatacept-induced antibodies occurred in 1.1% of SC abatacept-treated patients and 2.3% of IV abatacept-treated patients.


CONCLUSION
SC abatacept provides efficacy and safety comparable with that of IV abatacept, with low immunogenicity and high retention rates, consistent with the established IV abatacept profile. Rates of injection site reactions were low. SC abatacept will provide additional treatment options, such as an alternative route of administration, for patients with RA.
Determinants of Property Prices in Hong Kong SAR

This paper uses an econometric model of residential property prices in Hong Kong SAR to assess the effectiveness of alternative policies in slowing the increase in property prices. The rapid rise in property prices is well explained by macroconomic fundamentals; real GDP per capital, real domestic credit, construction costs, land supply, and the real interest rate. Policy can influence the property market though land supply and prudential and tax policy, with the latter policies taking the form of a stamp duty on property transactions and a tighter loan-to-value ratio (LTV) on lending. Land supply is the most effective policy insturment for restraining property price increases but it operates with a significant lag. The LTV and stamp duty dampen speculative activity that drives up property prices. While these policies can slow the increase in the short run, they should be guided by their long run objectives of financial stability and counteracting speculation. JEL Classification Numbers: R21, R31, R38
Security Operation Center Concepts & Implementation

Abstract A Security Operation Center (SOC) is made up of five distinct modules: event generators, event collectors, message database, analysis engines and reaction management software. The main problem encountered when building a SOC is the integration of all these modules, usually built as autonomous parts, while matching availability, integrity and security of data and their transmission channels. In this paper we will discuss the functional architecture needed to integrate those modules. Chapter one will introduce the concepts behind each module and briefly describe common problems encountered with each of them. In chapter two we will design the global architecture of the SOC. We will then focus on collection & analysis of data generated by sensors in chapters three and four. A short conclusion will describe further research & analysis to be performed in the field of SOC design.
Predictors of severe and febrile neutropenia during primary chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE
To identify factors that increase the risk of neutropenic events in women with advanced ovarian carcinoma receiving initial chemotherapy.


METHODS
Multi-center retrospective study of women with FIGO stage III-IV epithelial ovarian cancer treated postoperatively with multi-agent intravenous chemotherapy from 1995 to 2008. Outcomes were severe (SN; absolute neutrophil count [ANC]<500/mm(3)) and febrile neutropenia (FN; ANC<1000/mm(3) and temperature>38.1°C). Cumulative risk of neutropenic events was estimated by Kaplan Meier method. Multivariate analysis was by Cox proportional hazard regression.


RESULTS
Three hundred twenty-six patients met inclusion criteria. There were 251 SN events among 140 (43%) patients and 24 FN events among 22 (7%) patients. Univariate predictors of SN were body surface area<2.0m(2) (p=0.03), body mass index (BMI)<30 kg/m(2) (p<0.01), Caucasian race (p<0.01), treatment on research protocols (p<0.01), non-carboplatin-containing regimens (p<0.01), and planned relative dose intensity (RDI)>85% of standard (p=0.02). Women over age 60 were more likely to develop FN (p=0.05). Multivariate predictors of SN were treatment on research protocols (hazard ratio [HR] 1.93; p<0.01), Caucasian race (HR 2.13; p=0.01), and planned RDI>85% (HR 1.69; p=0.05); predictors of FN were age>60 (HR 2.84; p=0.05) and non-carboplatin containing regimens (HR 4.06; p<0.01).


CONCLUSION
While SN is fairly common, FN occurs infrequently in women with EOC undergoing taxane and platin-based chemotherapy and primary prophylactic growth factor support is not indicated. However, women older than 60 years of age receiving non-carboplatin containing regimens are at higher risk for FN and warrant closer surveillance.
BALANCED REALIZATION AND MODEL REDUCTION FOR UNSTABLE SYSTEMS

This paper proposes a new balanced realization and model reduction method for possibly unstable systems by introducing some new controllability and observability Gramians. These Gramians can be related to minimum control energy and minimum estimation error. In contrast to Gramians defined in the literature for unstable systems, these Gramians can always be computed for systems without imaginary axis poles and they reduce to the standard controllability and observability Gramians when the systems are stable. The proposed balanced model reduction method enjoys the similar error bounds as does for the standard balanced model reduction. Furthermore, the new error bounds and the actual approximation errors seem to be much smaller than the ones using the methods given in the literature for unstable systems. Copyright ( 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting intermittent inventory demands: simple parametric methods vs. bootstrapping

Although intermittent demand items dominate service and repair parts inventories in many industries, research in forecasting such items has been limited. A critical research question is whether one should make point forecasts of the mean and variance of intermittent demand with a simple parametric method such as simple exponential smoothing or else employ some form of bootstrapping to simulate an entire distribution of demand during lead time. The aim of this work is to answer that question by evaluating the effects of forecasting on stock control performance in more than 7,000 demand series. Tradeoffs between inventory investment and customer service show that simple parametric methods perform well, and it is questionable whether bootstrapping is worth the added complexity.
Failure analysis of rotator cuff repair: a comparison of three double-row techniques.

BACKGROUND
The use of suture anchors has made arthroscopic repair of the torn rotator cuff possible. However, objective evaluations have demonstrated high failure rates. The goal of this study was to compare the modes and rates of failure of two double-row arthroscopic repair techniques and the mini-open double-row technique.


METHODS
Thirty pairs of fresh-frozen human shoulders were used in this study. The specimens were prepared to simulate a cuff defect, which was then repaired. The repairs were done with three different lateral row techniques (Mason-Allen sutures passed through transosseous tunnels, the knotless anchor method, and the corkscrew suture anchor method) with the same medial row technique (corkscrew suture anchors). Cyclic tests were conducted at 33 mm/s with a cyclic force of 10 to 180 N. Specimens were cycled to 5000 cycles or to failure as defined as formation of a 10-mm gap at the repair. Failure rates and failure modes of the suture, tendon, and bone-anchor interface were compared for the medial and lateral rows and among the three techniques.


RESULTS
Fourteen of the twenty repairs made with the transosseous technique, fifteen of the twenty repairs made with the knotless anchor technique, and ten of the twenty repairs made with the corkscrew anchor technique survived 5000 cycles. The failure rates for the medial row were not significantly different among the three repair techniques. For the lateral row, there was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in the rate of failure among individual transosseous tunnel-suture complexes (32%), knotless anchor-suture complexes (48%), and corkscrew anchor-suture complexes (75%), with a similar suture-tendon failure rate for all three techniques. The tendon and repair complexes with corkscrew suture anchors had the smallest displacement both at the first and the 5000th cycle.


CONCLUSIONS
Although repairs made with the anchor techniques had higher individual failure rates, the survival rates for the anchor techniques at the 5000th cycle were similar to that for the transosseous technique during cyclic tests. Suture failure was the main failure mode for the transosseous technique, whereas failure at the anchor-bone interface was the main failure mode for the anchor techniques.
Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition: improving health and reducing poverty

www.thelancet.com Published online February 5, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60097-6 1 In 1993 the World Bank published the fi rst edition of Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries (DCP1), an attempt to systematically assess the cost-eff ectiveness of interventions for the major sources of disease burden in low-income and middle-income countries. World Bank staff in the early 1990s were just beginning to receive requests from countries to fi nance projects to control AIDS and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). A major motivation for DCP1 was thus to identify reasonable responses in resource-constrained environments to the emergence of AIDS and to the growing burden of NCDs. The World Bank’s fi rst (and so far only) World Development Report dealing with health drew on fi ndings from DCP1 both to conclude that a number of specifi c interventions against AIDS and against NCDs, including tobacco control, were attractive and to underscore the cost-eff ectiveness of immunisation and the treatment of childhood infections. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition (DCP2), published in 2006, updated and extended DCP1 in several aspects, notably to explicitly consider implications for health systems of expanded intervention coverage. One way health systems achieve expanded intervention coverage is through investing in platforms that deliver interventions that require similar logistics, but which address heterogeneous health problems (table). Platforms often provide a more natural unit for investment than do individual interventions. For this reason, analysis of the costs of providing platforms—and of health improvements they can generate in a given epidemiological environment—can often provide a more helpful guide to health-system investments than can analysis only of interventions. Platforms examined included the district hospital as a whole, the surgical and emergency room platforms within the district hospital, and school-based health programmes. Both DCP1 and DCP2 also stimulated and informed specifi c country-level analyses, for example, in India. Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition: improving health and reducing poverty
Entertainment Wars: Television Culture after 9/11

235 Lynn Spigel is a professor in the School of Communications at Northwestern University. She is author of Welcome to the Dreamhouse: Popular Media and Postwar Suburbs (Duke University Press, 2001) and Make Room for TV: Television and the Family Ideal in Postwar America (University of Chicago Press, 1992). She is currently writing High and Low TV: Modern Art and Commercial Television, 1950–1970 (University of Chicago Press) and conducting a new book project on new media and smart homes. Her co-edited anthology Television after TV: Essays on a Medium in Transition is forthcoming Fall 2004 with Duke University Press. Entertainment Wars: Television Culture after 9/11
An empirical Bayes mixture method for effect size and false discovery rate estimation

Many statistical problems involve data from thousands of parallel cases. Each case has some associated effect size, and most cases will have no effect. It is often important to estimate the effect size and the local or tail-area false discovery rate for each case. Most current methods do this separately, and most are designed for normal data. This paper uses an empirical Bayes mixture model approach to estimate both quantities together for exponential family data. The proposed method yields simple, interpretable models that can still be used nonparametrically. It can also estimate an empirical null and incorporate it fully into the model. The method outperforms existing effect size and false discovery rate estimation procedures in normal data simulations; it nearly acheives the Bayes error for effect size estimation. The method is implemented in an R package (mixfdr), freely available from CRAN.
Application of Fuzzy Logic in Servo Motor

In this work the design and application of a fuzzy logic controller to DC-servomotor is investigated. The proposed strategy is intended to improve the performance of the original control system by use of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) as the motor load changes. Computer simulation demonstrates that FLC is effective in position control of a DC-servomotor comparing with conventional one.
Advertising Keywords Recommendation for Short-Text Web Pages Using Wikipedia

Advertising keywords recommendation is an indispensable component for online advertising with the keywords selected from the target Web pages used for contextual advertising or sponsored search. Several ranking-based algorithms have been proposed for recommending advertising keywords. However, for most of them performance is still lacking, especially when dealing with short-text target Web pages, that is, those containing insufficient textual information for ranking. In some cases, short-text Web pages may not even contain enough keywords for selection. A natural alternative is then to recommend relevant keywords not present in the target Web pages. In this article, we propose a novel algorithm for advertising keywords recommendation for short-text Web pages by leveraging the contents of Wikipedia, a user-contributed online encyclopedia. Wikipedia contains numerous entities with related entities on a topic linked to each other. Given a target Web page, we propose to use a content-biased PageRank on the Wikipedia graph to rank the related entities. Furthermore, in order to recommend high-quality advertising keywords, we also add an advertisement-biased factor into our model. With these two biases, advertising keywords that are both relevant to a target Web page and valuable for advertising are recommended. In our experiments, several state-of-the-art approaches for keyword recommendation are compared. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach produces substantial improvement in the precision of the top 20 recommended keywords on short-text Web pages over existing approaches.
Fall predictors in older cancer patients: a multicenter prospective study

BACKGROUND
In the older population falls are a common problem and a major cause of morbidity, mortality and functional decline. The etiology is often multifactorial making the identification of fall predictors essential for preventive measures. Despite this knowledge, data on falls within the older cancer population are limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of falls within 2 to 3 months after cancer treatment decision and to identify predictors of falls (≥1 fall) during follow-up.


METHODS
Older patients (70 years or more) with a cancer treatment decision were included. At baseline, all patients underwent geriatric screening (G8 and Flemish Triage Risk Screening Tool), followed by a geriatric assessment including living situation, activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), fall history in the past 12 months, fatigue, cognition, depression, nutrition, comorbidities and polypharmacy. Questionnaires were used to collect follow-up (2-3 months) data. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors for falls (≥1 fall) during follow-up.


RESULTS
At baseline, 295 (31.5%) of 937 included patients reported at least one fall in the past 12 months with 88 patients (29.5%) sustaining a major injury. During follow-up (2-3 months), 142 (17.6%) patients fell, of whom 51.4% fell recurrently and 17.6% reported a major injury. Baseline fall history in the past 12 months (OR = 3.926), fatigue (OR = 0.380), ADL dependency (OR = 0.492), geriatric risk profile by G8 (OR = 0.471) and living alone (OR = 1.631) were independent predictors of falls (≥1 fall) within 2-3 months after cancer treatment decision.


CONCLUSION
Falls are a serious problem among older cancer patients. Geriatric screening and assessment data can identify patients at risk for a fall. A patient with risk factors associated with falls should undergo further evaluation and intervention to prevent potentially injurious fall incidents.
Online and Non-Parametric Drift Detection Methods Based on Hoeffding’s Bounds

Incremental and online learning algorithms are more relevant in the data mining context because of the increasing necessity to process data streams. In this context, the target function may change overtime, an inherent problem of online learning (known as concept drift). In order to handle concept drift regardless of the learning model, we propose new methods to monitor the performance metrics measured during the learning process, to trigger drift signals when a significant variation has been detected. To monitor this performance, we apply some probability inequalities that assume only independent, univariate and bounded random variables to obtain theoretical guarantees for the detection of such distributional changes. Some common restrictions for the online change detection as well as relevant types of change (abrupt and gradual) are considered. Two main approaches are proposed, the first one involves moving averages and is more suitable to detect abrupt changes. The second one follows a widespread intuitive idea to deal with gradual changes using weighted moving averages. The simplicity of the proposed methods, together with the computational efficiency make them very advantageous. We use a Naive Bayes classifier and a Perceptron to evaluate the performance of the methods over synthetic and real data.
Effect of concentration on tracking failure of epoxy/TiO2 nanocomposites under dc voltage

Epoxy has become an integral insulating material for electric and electronic devices due to its excellent mechanical and electrical performance. However, tracking failure on the epoxy surface is an unavoidable phenomenon in the increasing application. Based on the viewpoint of material modification, the properties of composite materials can be changed by the nano-particles. Whether the tracking resistance of epoxy nanocomposites can be improved needs better understanding for the reliable application. In this paper, nano-TiO2 particles were mixed into pure epoxy to obtain the epoxy/TiO2 nanocomposites with the weight ratios of 1, 3, 5, 7 wt%, respectively. Tracking experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of nano-TiO2 concentration on the tracking failure by applying dc voltage. The dc resistance to tracking failure, tracking process and discharge current were measured in relation with the concentration of TiO2 and the applied voltage. Obtained results indicate that with the concentration from 0 to 5 wt%, the number of drops to tracking failure shows the increasing tendency and the erosion depth shows the decreasing tendency. But they show the opposite varying tendency with the concentration from 5 to 7 wt%. Additionally, the fractal dimension method was applied to quantitatively reveal the nonlinear characteristics of both scintillation discharge distribution and tracking pattern for the purpose of identifying the concentration effects on the process of tracking failure. The recurrent plot technique was employed to reveal the nonlinear characteristics of discharge currents, which can reflect the underlying mechanism in the tracking failure affected by the nano-TiO2 particles. Therefore, the experimental results suggest that the tracking resistance of epoxy can be improved by nano-TiO2 particles, especially mixed with the concentration of 5 wt%.