LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The impact of location privacy on opportunistic networks

Opportunistic networking involves forwarding messages between proximate users, who may or may not know one another. This assumes that users are willing to forward messages to each other. This assumption may not hold if users are concerned about using the opportunistic network service. One such concern may be due to privacy; for instance, users' locations may be leaked. A privacy-concerned user may therefore disable their mobile device's opportunistic-networking features at various times, to preserve their privacy. This paper studies the impact of location privacy concerns on the performance of an opportunistic network. Using data from a real-world location-aware user study to develop a privacy model, we conduct trace-based simulations of various opportunistic routing protocols with two real-world traces. We find that users' location privacy preferences may potentially reduce the delivery performance of an opportunistic network to zero.
The effect of endotracheal suction on regional tidal ventilation and end-expiratory lung volume

To examine the impact of different endotracheal tube (ETT) suction techniques on regional end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) and tidal volume (V T) in an animal model of surfactant-deficient lung injury. Six 2-week old piglets were intubated (4.0 mm ETT), muscle-relaxed and ventilated, and lung injury was induced with repeated saline lavage. In each animal, open suction (OS) and two methods of closed suction (CS) were performed in random order using both 5 and 8 French gauge (FG) catheters. The pre-suction volume state of the lung was standardised on the inflation limb of the pressure-volume relationship. Regional EELV and V T expressed as a proportion of the impedance change at vital capacity (%Z VCroi) within the anterior and posterior halves of the chest were measured during and for 60 s after suction using electrical impedance tomography. During suction, 5 FG CS resulted in preservation of EELV in the anterior (non-dependent) and posterior (dependent) lung compared to the other permutations, but these only reached significance in the anterior regions (p < 0.001 repeated-measures ANOVA). V T within the anterior, but not posterior lung was significantly greater during 5FG CS compared to 8 FG CS; the mean difference was 15.1 [95% CI 5.1, 25.1]%Z VCroi. Neither catheter size nor suction technique influenced post-suction regional EELV or V T compared to pre-suction values (repeated-measures ANOVA). ETT suction causes transient loss of EELV and V T throughout the lung. Catheter size exerts a greater influence than suction method, with CS only protecting against derecruitment when a small catheter is used, especially in the non-dependent lung.
An integrated NMOS operational amplifier with internal compensation

An internally compensated differential operational amplifier is described which has been fabricated using n-channel Al-gate MOS technology. Only enhancement mode devices are used, and the circuit has been designed so that its performance is insensitive to process parameters.
Forced Protein Unfolding Leads to Highly Elastic and Tough Protein Hydrogels

Protein-based hydrogels usually do not exhibit high stretchability or toughness, significantly limiting the scope of their potential biomedical applications. Here we report the engineering of a chemically cross-linked, highly elastic and tough protein hydrogel using a mechanically extremely labile, de novo-designed protein that assumes the classical ferredoxin-like fold structure. Due to the low mechanical stability of the ferredoxin-like fold structure, swelling of hydrogels causes a significant fraction of the folded domains to unfold. Subsequent collapse and aggregation of unfolded ferredoxin-like domains leads to intertwining of physically and chemically cross-linked networks, entailing hydrogels with unusual physical and mechanical properties: a negative swelling ratio, high stretchability and toughness. These hydrogels can withstand an average strain of 450% before breaking and show massive energy dissipation. Upon relaxation, refolding of the ferredoxin-like domains enables the hydrogel to recover its massive hysteresis. This novel biomaterial may expand the scope of hydrogel applications in tissue engineering.
Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation.

BACKGROUND
Phase 1 and 2 clinical trials of the BRAF kinase inhibitor vemurafenib (PLX4032) have shown response rates of more than 50% in patients with metastatic melanoma with the BRAF V600E mutation.


METHODS
We conducted a phase 3 randomized clinical trial comparing vemurafenib with dacarbazine in 675 patients with previously untreated, metastatic melanoma with the BRAF V600E mutation. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either vemurafenib (960 mg orally twice daily) or dacarbazine (1000 mg per square meter of body-surface area intravenously every 3 weeks). Coprimary end points were rates of overall and progression-free survival. Secondary end points included the response rate, response duration, and safety. A final analysis was planned after 196 deaths and an interim analysis after 98 deaths.


RESULTS
At 6 months, overall survival was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78 to 89) in the vemurafenib group and 64% (95% CI, 56 to 73) in the dacarbazine group. In the interim analysis for overall survival and final analysis for progression-free survival, vemurafenib was associated with a relative reduction of 63% in the risk of death and of 74% in the risk of either death or disease progression, as compared with dacarbazine (P<0.001 for both comparisons). After review of the interim analysis by an independent data and safety monitoring board, crossover from dacarbazine to vemurafenib was recommended. Response rates were 48% for vemurafenib and 5% for dacarbazine. Common adverse events associated with vemurafenib were arthralgia, rash, fatigue, alopecia, keratoacanthoma or squamous-cell carcinoma, photosensitivity, nausea, and diarrhea; 38% of patients required dose modification because of toxic effects.


CONCLUSIONS
Vemurafenib produced improved rates of overall and progression-free survival in patients with previously untreated melanoma with the BRAF V600E mutation. (Funded by Hoffmann-La Roche; BRIM-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01006980.).
Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction

The material from these first four chapters (and the related exercises on the accompanying CD-ROM) has formed the basis of a one-semester undergraduate course in acoustic phonetics to students primarily of linguistics, but also of other disciplines including computer science and psychology. “The second part of the book provides an introduction to speech signal processing, which is intended for similar groups of students. It is therefore different from more detailed introductory texts in this area, which assume both a background in engineering / signal processing and a more sophisticated mathematical knowledge. Part of the motivation for writing this section of the book is to make many of the techniques and algorithms that are discussed in the engineering literature on speech analysis more accessible to both students and researchers of phonetics and speech science whose training is not usually in a scientific discipline. We have therefore tried to keep equations to a minimum and to assume, as far as possible, no more than a very basic understanding of algebra and trigonometry. In this part of the book we cover fundamental aspects of time and frequency domain processing of speech signals, digital techniques for combining (in digital formant synthesis) and separating (in linear predictive coding) the contributions of the source and filter to the acoustic speech signal, and techniques for the probabilistic classification of acoustic speech data that form the basis of more advanced work in automatic speech recognition.”—From the preface (abridged)
Pulley system in the fingers: normal anatomy and simulated lesions in cadavers at MR imaging, CT, and US with and without contrast material distention of the tendon sheath.

PURPOSE
To describe the normal anatomy of the finger flexor tendon pulley system, with anatomic correlation, and to define criteria to diagnose pulley abnormalities with different imaging modalities.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three groups of cadaveric fingers underwent computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and ultrasonography (US). The normal anatomy of the pulley system was studied at extension and flexion without and with MR tenography. Pulley lengths were measured, and anatomic correlation was performed. Pulley lesions were created and studied at flexion, extension, and forced flexion. Two radiologists reviewed the studies in blinded fashion.


RESULTS
MR imaging demonstrated A2 (proximal phalanx) and A4 (middle phalanx) pulleys in 12 (100%) of 12 cases, without and with tenography. MR tenography showed the A3 (proximal interphalangeal) and A5 (distal interphalangeal) pulleys in 10 (83%) and nine (75%) cases, respectively. US showed the A2 pulley in all cases and the A4 pulley in eight (67%). CT did not allow direct pulley visualization. No significant differences in pulley lengths were measured at MR, US, or pathologic examination (P: =.512). Direct lesion diagnosis was possible with MR imaging and US in 79%-100% of cases, depending on lesion type. Indirect diagnosis was successful with all methods with forced flexion.


CONCLUSION
MR imaging and US provide means of direct finger pulley system evaluation.
Asymmetric 6T SRAM with two-phase write and split bitline differential sensing for low voltage operation

This paper describes an asymmetric single-ended 6T SRAM bitcell that improves both Read Static Noise Margin (RSNM) and Write Noise Margin (WNM) for the same bitcell area as a conventional symmetric 6T. This improvement is achieved using a single VDD, without employing assist techniques that require multiple voltages. The improvement in noise margins significantly improves the low-voltage robustness and consequently the minimum operating voltage of the SRAM (VMIN). Single-ended write is accomplished in two phases using dual word-lines. Finally, we propose a differential sensing scheme using a weak reference cell to read the single-ended 6T. A combination of reduced bitline capacitance and increased drive current ensure read delay comparable to conventional differential sensing, for the same bitcell area.
Autominder: an intelligent cognitive orthotic system for people with memory impairment

The world’s population is aging at a phenomenal rate. Certain types of cognitive decline, in particular some forms of memory impairment, occur much more frequently in the elderly. This paper describes Autominder, a cognitive orthotic system intended to help older adults adapt to cognitive decline and continue the satisfactory performance of routine activities, thereby potentially enabling them to remain in their own homes longer. Autominder achieves this goal by providing adaptive, personalized reminders of (basic, instrumental, and extended) activities of daily living. Cognitive orthotic systems on the market today mainly provide alarms for prescribed activities at fixed times that are specified in advance. In contrast, Autominder uses a range of AI techniques to model an individual’s daily plans, observe and reason about the execution of those plans, and make decisions about whether and when it is most appropriate to issue reminders. Autominder is currently deployed on a mobile robot, and is being developed as part of the Initiative on Personal Robotic Assistants for the Elderly (the Nursebot project). © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
gFacet: A Browser for the Web of Data

This paper introduces a new approach to browsing the Web of data by combining graph-based visualization with faceted filtering techniques. The graph-based visualization of facets supports the integration of different domains and an efficient exploration of highly structured and interrelated datasets. It allows to access information from distant user-defined perspectives and thereby enables the exploration beyond the borders of Web pages.
Uterine fibroids.

Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas or myomas) are extremely common benign neoplasms of the uterus.1 The lifetime prevalence of fibroids exceeds 80% among black women and approaches 70% among white women.2 In a study using ultrasonographic screening, 51% of premenopausal women received a new diagnosis of fibroids.2 Fibroids can cause heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding and resultant anemia in women of reproductive age. Fibroid-related bleeding can also occur in postmenopausal women, but bleeding in this population should prompt evaluation for more worrisome causes of this symptom, including endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Large fibroids and an enlarged uterus can also result in “bulk” symptoms, including bowel and bladder dysfunction and abdominal protrusion. Painful menses, noncyclic pelvic pain, infertility, and recurrent miscarriage can also be symptoms of fibroids, but many fibroids remain asymptomatic. In women with symptomatic fibroids, heavy menstrual bleeding resolves at menopause, and most women with symptoms related to leiomyoma bulk will have some fibroid shrinkage and symptom relief after this time. Increasing age up to menopause and black race are the major risk factors for fibroids.3 The rate of hospitalization in which fibroid is a discharge diagnosis is approximately three times as high and the rate of uterine-sparing myomectomy (surgical removal of fibroids) is nearly seven times as high among black women as among white women.4 Black women also report significantly more severe fibroid symptoms and more impairment of daily activities.5 Both reproductive and environmental factors influence the risk of fibroids. Increasing parity is associated with a decreased risk,6,7 possibly through elimination of incipient fibroids as the uterus involutes post partum.8 Early menarche and the use of oral contraceptives before 16 years of age are associated with an increased risk, whereas the use of progestin-only injectable contraceptives is associated with a reduced risk.6,7,9 Observational data suggest that dietary factors, including increased consumption of fruit, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products, are associated with a reduced risk.10 Some studies have shown that a high body-mass index is a risk factor.11 Specific genetic mutations have also been linked to fibroid formation.12,13 Caren G. Solomon, M.D., M.P.H., Editor
The Effect of Customers' Social Media Participation on Customer Visit Frequency and Profitability: An Empirical Investigation

I this study we examine the effect of customers’ participation in a firm’s social media efforts on the intensity of the relationship between the firm and its customers as captured by customers’ visit frequency. We further hypothesize and test for the moderating roles of social media activity and customer characteristics on the link between social media participation and the intensity of customer-firm relationship. Importantly, we also quantify the impact of social media participation on customer profitability. We assemble a novel data set that combines customers’ social media participation data with individual customer level transaction data. To account for endogeneity that could arise because of customer self-selection, we utilize the propensity score matching technique in combination with difference in differences analysis. Our results suggest that customer participation in a firm’s social media efforts leads to an increase in the frequency of customer visits. We find that this participation effect is greater when there are high levels of activity in the social media site and for customers who exhibit a strong patronage with the firm, buy premium products, and exhibit lower levels of buying focus and deal sensitivity. We find that the above set of results holds for customer profitability as well. We discuss theoretical implications of our results and offer prescriptions for managers on how to engage customers via social media. Our study emphasizes the need for managers to integrate knowledge from customers’ transactional relationship with their social media participation to better serve customers and create sustainable business value.
Protective Effect of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 on CCl4-Induced Liver Injury in Rats

This study provides an information about the mechanisms of liver injury induced by CCl(4), and determines the influence of administration of L-carnitine or/and CoQ10 as prophylactic agents against CCl(4) deteriorative effect. The study was carried out on 80 adult male albino rats divided into eight groups, 10 animals each, as follows: four normal groups (control, treated with L-carnitine, treated with CoQ10, and treated with a combination of Lcarnitine and CoQ10) and four liver injury groups treated with CCl(4) (control, treated with L-carnitine, treated with CoQ10, and treated with a combination of L-carnitine and CoQ10). Liver injury was induced by s.c. injection of a single dose of CCl(4) (1 ml/kg). L-carnitine (50 mg/kg/day) was given i.p. for four successive days 24 hours before CCl(4) injection, and CoQ10 (200 mg/kg) was given as a single i.p. dose 24 hours before CCl(4) injection. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after CCl(4) injection, blood samples were withdrawn and liver tissue samples were homogenized. The levels of the following parameters were determined: hepatic reduced glutathione, serum ALT and AST, hepatic lipid peroxides, hepatic vitamin C, hepatic and serum total protein, serum albumin, serum sialic acid, serum nitrite, and serum and hepatic total LDH activities and LDH isoenzymes. The obtained data revealed that CCl(4) injection produced a significant decrease in reduced glutathione content, vitamin C, total protein and albumin levels. However, there was a significant increase in serum ALT and AST activities, lipid peroxides, sialic acid, nitric oxide, serum and hepatic total LDH activities. On the other hand, groups treated with L-carnitine or/and CoQ10 prior to CCl(4) injection showed an improvement in most parameters when compared with cirrhotic control group. It has been concluded that L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 have a pronounced prophylactic effect against liver damage induced by halogenated alkanes such as carbon tetrachloride.
S2R(Pgrmc1): the cytochrome-related sigma-2 receptor that regulates lipid and drug metabolism and hormone signaling.

INTRODUCTION
S2R (sigma-2 receptor)/Pgrmc1 (progesterone receptor membrane component 1) is a cytochrome-related protein that binds directly to heme and various pharmacological compounds. S2R(Pgrmc1) also associates with cytochrome P450 proteins, the EGFR receptor tyrosine kinase and the RNA-binding protein PAIR-BP1. S2R(Pgrmc1) is induced in multiple types of cancer, where it regulates tumor growth and is implicated in progesterone signaling. S2R(Pgrmc1) also increases cholesterol synthesis in non-cancerous cells and may have a role in modulating drug metabolizing P450 proteins.


AREAS COVERED
This review covers the independent identification of S2R and Pgrmc1 and their induction in cancers, as well as the role of S2R(Pgrmc1) in increasing cholesterol metabolism and P450 activity. This article was formed through a PubMed literature search using, but not limited to, the terms sigma-2 receptor, Pgrmc1, Dap1, cholesterol and aromatase.


EXPERT OPINION
Multiple laboratories have shown that S2R(Pgrmc1) associates with various P450 proteins and increases cholesterol synthesis via Cyp51. However, the lipogenic role of S2R(Pgrmc1) is tissue-specific. Furthermore, the role of S2R(Pgrmc1) in regulating P450 proteins other than Cyp51 appears to be highly selective, with modest inhibitory activity for Cyp3A4 in vitro and a complex regulatory pattern for Cyp21. Cyp19/aromatase is a therapeutic target in breast cancer, and S2R(Pgrmc1) activated Cyp19 significantly in vitro but modestly in biochemical assays. In summary, S2R(Pgrmc1) is a promising therapeutic target for cancer and possibly cholesterol synthesis but research to date has not identified a major role in P450-mediated drug metabolism.
Asymmetric circular-linear multivariate regression models with applications to environmental data

We propose asymmetric angular-linear multivariate regression models, which were motivated by the need to predict some environmental characteristics based on some circular and linear predictors. A measure of fit is provided through the residual analysis. Some applications using data from solar energy radiation experiment and wind energy are given.
Persistence of Aβ seeds in APP null mouse brain

Cerebral β-amyloidosis is induced by inoculation of Aβ seeds into APP transgenic mice, but not into App−/− (APP null) mice. We found that brain extracts from APP null mice that had been inoculated with Aβ seeds up to 6 months previously still induced β-amyloidosis in APP transgenic hosts following secondary transmission. Thus, Aβ seeds can persist in the brain for months, and they regain propagative and pathogenic activity in the presence of host Aβ.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORIGAMI AND INTERIOR DESIGN RELATED SPACES MANIPULATION

.....................................................................................................3 Introduction...................................................................................................4 Chapter 1. History of Origami............................................................................. 5 Chapter 2. Evolution of Origami tessellations in 20-th century architecture........................7 Chapter 3. Kinetic system and Origami...................................................................9 3.1. Kinetic system................................................................................. 9 3.2. Geometric Origami............................................................................ 9 Chapter 4. Folding patterns................................................................................ 10 4.1. Yoshimura pattern (diamond pattern)........................................................ 11 4.2. Diagonal pattern..............................................................................11 4.3. Miura Ori pattern (herringbone pattern)...................................................11 Chapter 5. The origami house and impact on the furniture design.................................... 13 Conclusion.................................................................................................... 16 References...................................................................................................17 Annex 1....................................................................................................... 18 Annex 2...................................................................................................... 19