LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Gift exchange and organ donation: donor and recipient experiences of live related kidney transplantation.

BACKGROUND
Live transplantation presents many stressors for donors and recipients, yet a holistic understanding of the process, from both perspectives, is limited. Gift exchange is a theory governed by the principles of giving, receiving and reciprocating and has many similarities with the process of organ transplantation. It may therefore provide a framework for understanding donor and recipient experiences of live kidney transplantation. However, the relevance of this theory to live kidney transplantation has not previously been properly explored.


OBJECTIVES
To gain a theoretical understanding of the live transplantation experience from the perspectives of donors and recipients.


DESIGN
A phenomenological, longitudinal study.


PARTICIPANTS
All donors and their recipients undergoing live kidney transplantation in a regional renal transplant centre in South-West England (between July 2003 and February 2004) were invited to participate in this study. Of this cohort, 11 families (n=55%) volunteered to participate.


METHODS
Data were collected through a series of 3 recorded, semi-structured interviews with donors and recipients. Interviews were conducted pre transplant and at 3 and 10 months post transplant. Data were analysed using a process of thematic content analysis. Findings were also considered within a theoretical framework of gift exchange.


RESULTS
All donors initially made an instantaneous, voluntary decision to donate and found the decision relatively easy to make. In contrast, recipients found accepting the donors' offer arduous, because of concern for their wellbeing. They were only able to accept the transplant after discussing the matter with their donor and establishing that it was something that they wanted to do. Recipients' lives were transformed by a successful transplant and they were subsequently very grateful to the donors for donating. Donors derived immense personal satisfaction from this outcome and it helped to confirm to them that what they had done had been worthwhile. The transplant did not have a detrimental effect on donor-recipient relationships.


CONCLUSIONS
The concept of gift exchange provides a logical explanation of donor and recipients experiences in this study, particularly in relation to factors that influence giving, receiving and reciprocating. This understanding should help health professionals assist donors, recipients and their families throughout this process.
Theories of Mythology

List of Figures. Preface. 1. Introducing "Myth". 2. Comparative Approaches:. The Rise of the Comparative Method. Max Muller and Solar Mythology. James Frazer. The World According to Frazer: Problems and Presuppositions. The Urmyth: A Study in and of Comparison. Comparison of the Greek and Hittite Myths of the Divine Succession. 3. Psychology:. Freud and the Discovery of the Unconscious. Psychoanalysis to Myth Analysis. Freud and Anthropology. Freud in his Social and Theoretical Context. 4. Ritual Theories:. Social Anthropology. Jane Harrison and Ritualism. Walter Burkert and Biosociology. Burkert's Homo Necans. 5. Structuralism:. Saussure and Structural Linguistics. Syntagmatic Structuralism. A Critique of Syntagmatic Structuralism. Paradigmatic Structuralism. Mediation. Total Structure. Totalizing Structure. 6. Social Ideologies:. Structure and Ideology. Poststructualisms, Postmodernism, and Ideology. Decrypting Ideology. An Ideological Analysis of the Myth of Heracles. Epilogue. A Little Further Reading. Bibliography. Index
Convolutional Sequence to Sequence Learning

The prevalent approach to sequence to sequence learning maps an input sequence to a variable length output sequence via recurrent neural networks. We introduce an architecture based entirely on convolutional neural networks.1 Compared to recurrent models, computations over all elements can be fully parallelized during training and optimization is easier since the number of non-linearities is fixed and independent of the input length. Our use of gated linear units eases gradient propagation and we equip each decoder layer with a separate attention module. We outperform the accuracy of the deep LSTM setup of Wu et al. (2016) on both WMT’14 EnglishGerman and WMT’14 English-French translation at an order of magnitude faster speed, both on GPU and CPU.
FOR LEARNING-BASED PRESENTATION SLIDES GENERATION AND IEEE FORMAT CREATION FOR ACADEMIC PAPERS Miss

We uses the backslide procedure to determine the Noteworthiness Score of the sentences in a paper and then uses the Integer Linear Programming Algorithms system to create well-organized slides by selecting and adjusting key expressions and sentences. Evaluated result based on a certain set of 200 arrangements of papers and slide assemble on the web displays in our proposed structure of PPSGen can create slides with better quality and quick. Paper talks about a technique for consequently getting outline slides from a content, contemplating the programmed era of presentation slides from a specialized paper and also examines the challenging task of continuous creating presentation slides from academic paper. The created slide can be used as a draft to help moderator setup their systematic slides in a quick manners. This paper introduces novel systems called PPSGen to help moderators create such slide. A customer study also exhibits that PPSGen has obvious advantage over baseline method and speed is fast for creations. . Keyword : Artificial Support Vector Regression (SVR), Integer Linear Programming (ILP), Abstract methods, texts mining, Classification etc....
A signal-processing framework for reflection

We present a signal-processing framework for analyzing the reflected light field from a homogeneous convex curved surface under distant illumination. This analysis is of theoretical interest in both graphics and vision and is also of practical importance in many computer graphics problems---for instance, in determining lighting distributions and bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs), in rendering with environment maps, and in image-based rendering. It is well known that under our assumptions, the reflection operator behaves qualitatively like a convolution. In this paper, we formalize these notions, showing that the reflected light field can be thought of in a precise quantitative way as obtained by convolving the lighting and BRDF, i.e. by filtering the incident illumination using the BRDF. Mathematically, we are able to express the frequency-space coefficients of the reflected light field as a product of the spherical harmonic coefficients of the illumination and the BRDF. These results are of practical importance in determining the well-posedness and conditioning of problems in <i> inverse rendering</i>---estimation of BRDF and lighting parameters from real photographs. Furthermore, we are able to derive analytic formulae for the spherical harmonic coefficients of many common BRDF and lighting models. From this formal analysis, we are able to determine precise conditions under which estimation of BRDFs and lighting distributions are well posed and well-conditioned. Our mathematical analysis also has implications for <i>forward rendering</i>---especially the efficient rendering of objects under complex lighting conditions specified by environment maps. The results, especially the analytic formulae derived for Lambertian surfaces, are also relevant in <i>computer vision</i> in the areas of recognition, photometric stereo and structure from motion.
Correction: Pharmacodynamic Effects of Canagliflozin, a Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor, from a Randomized Study in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

INTRODUCTION
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single and multiple ascending-dose study evaluated the pharmacodynamic effects and safety/tolerability of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes.


METHODS
Patients (N = 116) discontinued their antihyperglycemic medications 2 weeks before randomization. Patients received canagliflozin 30, 100, 200, or 400 mg once daily or 300 mg twice daily, or placebo at 2 study centers in the United States and Germany, or canagliflozin 30 mg once daily or placebo at 1 study center in Korea, while maintaining an isocaloric diet for 2 weeks. On Days -1, 1, and 16, urinary glucose excretion (UGE), plasma glucose (PG), fasting PG (FPG), and insulin were measured. The renal threshold for glucose (RTG) was calculated from UGE, PG, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Safety was evaluated based on adverse event (AE) reports, vital signs, electrocardiograms, clinical laboratory tests, and physical examinations.


RESULTS
Canagliflozin increased UGE dose-dependently (,80-120 g/day with canagliflozin $100 mg), with increases maintained over the 14-day dosing period with each dose. Canagliflozin dose-dependently decreased RTG, with maximal reductions to ,4-5 mM (72-90 mg/dL). Canagliflozin also reduced FPG and 24-hour mean PG; glucose reductions were seen on Day 1 and maintained over 2 weeks. Plasma insulin reductions with canagliflozin were consistent with observed PG reductions. Canagliflozin also reduced body weight. AEs were transient, mild to moderate in intensity, and balanced across groups; 1 canagliflozin-treated female reported an episode of vaginal candidiasis. Canagliflozin did not cause hypoglycemia, consistent with the RTG values remaining above the hypoglycemia threshold. At Day 16, there were no clinically meaningful changes in urine volume, urine electrolyte excretion, renal function, or routine laboratory test values.


CONCLUSIONS
Canagliflozin increased UGE and decreased RTG, leading to reductions in PG, insulin, and body weight, and was generally well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00963768.
Reduction of atrial fibrillation burden by atrial overdrive pacing: experience with an improved algorithm to reduce early recurrences of atrial fibrillation.

AIMS
Two independent studies have revealed a potential limitation of post-mode switch overdrive pacing (PMOP), which is its delayed start.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We conducted a prospective, randomized, single blind, crossover design study (the post-long pause overdrive pacing study) to test the efficacy of an improved version of PMOP (PMOP(enhanced)). A total of 45 patients were enrolled, of whom 41 were analysed. The median number of atrial tachycardia/atrial fibrillation (AT/AF) episodes per day (1.38 vs. 1.19), the median number of early recurrences of atrial fibrillation (ERAF) per day (0.56 vs. 0.51), and the median AT/AF burden (time per day spent in AT/AF) (2.47 vs. 2.51 h) were not significantly different during the control and active study periods. Based on the median number of episodes per week recorded 90 days prior to enrollment, the patients were stratified by the median and then split into two groups, Group A (lower 2-Quartiles) and Group B (upper 2-Quartiles). The median AT/AF burden was significantly lower in Group B during the active study period (3.71 vs. 1.71 h, P = 0.02).The median number of AT/AF episodes per day and the median number of ERAF per day in Group B showed a trend towards reduction when the algorithm was turned on (3.79 vs. 2.44 and 2.77 vs. 1.86, respectively). In contrast, in Group A we did not demonstrate any difference in AT/AF frequency, ERAF frequency, or burden.


CONCLUSION
The main finding of this study is that temporary overdrive pacing at 90 bpm for 10 min starting just prior to device-classified AT/AF termination does not show a positive effect on the overall study population. However, when enabled in patients who suffer from a high percentage of ERAF, a significant reduction in the AT/AF burden could be demonstrated. Based on these findings, further prospective studies on a more targeted patient population are needed to confirm our results.
Advanced prostate cancer treated with intermittent or continuous androgen deprivation in the randomised FinnProstate Study VII: quality of life and adverse effects.

BACKGROUND
Intermittent dosing may reduce the adverse events (AEs) of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT).


OBJECTIVE
To compare intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) and continuous androgen deprivation (CAD) with regard to health-related quality of life (QoL).


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
A total of 852 men with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) were enrolled to receive goserelin acetate 3.6 mg every 28 d for 24 wk. A total of 554 patients whose prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decreased to <10 ng/ml or by ≥50% (<20 ng/ml at baseline) were randomised to IAD or CAD.


INTERVENTION
In the IAD arm, ADT was resumed for at least 24 wk whenever PSA increased >20 ng/ml or above baseline.


OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
QoL was monitored with a validated Cleary 30-item questionnaire and analysed by the Mann-Whitney U test, 0.5 standard deviation rule, and repeated measures analysis of variance. AEs and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were analysed by the chi-square test.


RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
Median follow-up was 65 mo. Significant differences in QoL emerged in activity limitation, physical capacity, and sexual functioning, favouring IAD. No significant differences emerged in the prevalence of AEs: 87 patients in the IAD arm (31.8%) and 95 in the CAD arm (33.9%) had cardiovascular (CV) AEs (p=0.59), with 25 (9.1%) and 29 (10.4%) withdrawn (p=0.62), and 21 (7.7%) and 24 (8.6%) dying because of a CV event (p=0.70), respectively; bone fractures occurred in 19 (6.9%) and 15 (5.4%) patients (p=0.44), respectively. Hot flushes or night sweats were the most common ADRs (47.1% vs 50.4%; p=0.44). Erectile dysfunction (15.7% vs 7.9%; p=0.042) and depressed mood (2.2 vs 0%; p=0.032) were more common in the IAD arm.


CONCLUSIONS
IAD showed benefits in the treatment of advanced PCa with respect to QoL. The prevalence of AEs was not significantly lower with IAD.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00293670.
Single-shot read-out of an individual electron spin in a quantum dot

Spin is a fundamental property of all elementary particles. Classically it can be viewed as a tiny magnetic moment, but a measurement of an electron spin along the direction of an external magnetic field can have only two outcomes: parallel or anti-parallel to the field. This discreteness reflects the quantum mechanical nature of spin. Ensembles of many spins have found diverse applications ranging from magnetic resonance imaging to magneto-electronic devices, while individual spins are considered as carriers for quantum information. Read-out of single spin states has been achieved using optical techniques, and is within reach of magnetic resonance force microscopy. However, electrical read-out of single spins has so far remained elusive. Here we demonstrate electrical single-shot measurement of the state of an individual electron spin in a semiconductor quantum dot. We use spin-to-charge conversion of a single electron confined in the dot, and detect the single-electron charge using a quantum point contact; the spin measurement visibility is ∼65%. Furthermore, we observe very long single-spin energy relaxation times (up to ∼0.85 ms at a magnetic field of 8 T), which are encouraging for the use of electron spins as carriers of quantum information.
Closing the Gap Between Object-Oriented Modeling of Structure and Behavior

The UML as standardized language for visual object-oriented modeling allows to capture the requirements as well as the structure and behavior of complex software systems. With the increasing demands of todays systems, behavior aspects like concurrency, distribution and reactivity become more important. But the language concepts of the UML for describing behavioral aspects are weak compared to its concepts for describing structures. Besides a lack of visual expressiveness, a deeper integration with the structure specification is missing. In order to close this gap, an expressive language for modeling object-oriented behavior is proposed with the OCoN approach. It describes contracts, object scheduling as well as control and data flow of services in a Petri-net-like form. A seamless visual embedding of contract specifications into service and object scheduling specifications is provided by different net types.
Implementing a patient education intervention about Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prevention and effect on knowledge and behavior in veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the feasibility and effect of a nurse-administered patient educational intervention about Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevention on knowledge and behavior of Veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI/D).


DESIGN
Blinded, block-randomized controlled pilot trial.


SETTING
Two Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) SCI Centers.


PARTICIPANTS
Veterans were recruited March-September 2010 through referral by a healthcare provider from inpatient, outpatient, and residential care settings.


INTERVENTION
Thirty participants were randomized to the nurse-administered intervention and 31 to the usual care group. The intervention included a brochure and tools to assist nurses in conducting the education.


OUTCOME MEASURES
Pre- and post-intervention measurement of knowledge and behaviors related to MRSA and prevention strategies and feasibility measures related to implementation.


RESULTS
Participants were primarily male (95.1%), white (63.9%), with tetraplegia (63.9%) and mean age and duration of injury of 64.3 and 20.5 years, respectively. The intervention groups mean knowledge score significantly increased between pre- and post-test (mean change score = 1.70, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.25-3.15) while the usual care groups score did not significantly change (mean change score = 1.45, 95% CI -0.08-2.98). However, the mean knowledge change between intervention and usual care groups was not significantly different (P = 0.81). Overall behavior scores did not significantly differ between treatment groups; however, the intervention group was more likely to report intentions to clean hands (90.0% vs. 64.5%, P = 0.03) and asking providers about MRSA status (46.7% vs. 16.1%, P = 0.01). Nurse educators reported that the quality of the intervention was high and could be implemented in clinical care.


CONCLUSIONS
A targeted educational strategy is feasible to implement in SCI/D clinical practices and may improve some participants' knowledge about MRSA and increase intentions to improve hand hygiene and engagement with providers about their MRSA status.
Predictors of relapse in a prospective study of fluoxetine treatment of major depression.

OBJECTIVE
Loss of response to a previously effective antidepressant is a common clinical problem. Retrospective analyses have shown that the pattern of response during antidepressant treatment (late onset and persistent versus other patterns) can be used to predict relapse during continuation and maintenance treatment and possibly to identify placebo responses to treatment. This study was designed to test the predictive value of response pattern prospectively and to examine the data for other predictors of relapse.


METHOD
Five hundred seventy persons with major depressive disorder were treated with fluoxetine for 12 weeks and their pattern of response was determined. Those who responded (N=292) underwent random assignment, under double-blind conditions, to continue taking fluoxetine or to switch to placebo for 52 weeks or until relapse. Survival analysis was used to examine the effect of covariates on relapse.


RESULTS
Although fluoxetine was significantly more effective than placebo during maintenance treatment, this chronically ill group had a high rate of relapse. Contrary to previous findings, a pattern of acute response was not predictive of relapse. Chronicity, symptom severity, a neurovegetative symptom pattern, and female gender were all associated with a significantly greater risk of relapse, with no difference observed between fluoxetine and placebo.


CONCLUSIONS
The pattern of response to acute treatment appears to be inconsistently predictive of relapse. There is a high rate of relapse with both active medication and placebo in patients with chronic depression. Illness characteristics predict loss of response both to fluoxetine and to placebo. No variable examined was predictive of differential relapse rates between fluoxetine and placebo.
BNC-PSO: structure learning of Bayesian networks by Particle Swarm Optimization

Structure learning is a very important problem in the field of Bayesian networks (BNs). It is also an active research area for more than two decades; therefore, many approaches have been proposed in order to find an optimal structure based on training samples. In this paper, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based algorithm is proposed to solve the BN structure learning problem; named BNC-PSO (Bayesian Network Construction algorithm using PSO). Edge inserting/deleting is employed in the algorithm to make the particles have the ability to achieve the optimal solution, while a cycle removing procedure is used to prevent the generation of invalid solutions. Then, the theorem of Markov chain is used to prove the global convergence of our proposed algorithm. Finally, some experiments are designed to evaluate the performance of the proposed PSO-based algorithm. Experimental results indicate that BNC-PSO is worthy of being studied in the field of BNs construction. Meanwhile, it can significantly increase nearly 15% in the scoring metric values, comparing with other optimization-based algorithms. BNC‐PSO: Structure Learning of Bayesian Networks by Particle Swarm Optimization S. Gheisari M.R. Meybodi Department of Computer, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Computer Engineering and Information Technology Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. S.gheisari@srbiau.ac.ir mmeybodi@aut.ac.ir Abstract Structure learning is a very important problem in the field of Bayesian networks (BNs). It is also an active research area for more than two decades; therefore, many approaches have been proposed in order to find an optimal structure based on training samples. In this paper, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based algorithm is proposed to solve the BN structure learning problem; named BNC-PSO (Bayesian Network Construction algorithm using PSO). Edge inserting/deleting is employed in the algorithm to make the particles have the ability to achieve the optimal solution, while a cycle removing procedure is used to prevent the generation of invalid solutions. Then, the theorem of Markov chain is used to prove the global convergence of our proposed algorithm. Finally, some experiments are designed to evaluate the performance of the proposed PSO-based algorithm. Experimental results indicate that BNC-PSO is worthy of being studied in the field of BNs construction. Meanwhile, it can significantly increase nearly 15% in the scoring metric values, comparing with other optimization-based algorithms.