LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
High-emissivity composite-oxide fillers for high temperature stable aluminum‑chromium phosphate coating

Abstract The production of high-performance heat-dissipating coatings on large structures has attracted significant attention owing to the ever-rising requirements of hypersonic vehicles. Mixtures of Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , and MnO 2 were sintered at various temperatures, and the composites obtained by sintering at 1323 and 1523 K were used as fillers for aluminum‑chromium phosphate based heat-dissipating coatings. The microstructures and compositions of the fillers and coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Spectral emissivity and cyclic oxidation were performed up to 973 K for the coatings. The results showed that the aluminum‑chromium phosphate coating prepared with the filler sintered at 1323 K displayed the maximum spectral emissivity in the waveband 3–8 μm owing to the Mn 1.5 Cr 1.5 O 4 phase. Further sintering the filler at 1523 K decreased the emissivity of the aluminum‑chromium phosphate coatings. The effects of the sintered fillers on emissivity were analyzed. In addition, the oxidation resistances, phase structures and morphologies of the aluminum‑chromium phosphate coatings after cyclic oxidation at 973 K for 200 h were studied, indicating that the aluminum‑chromium phosphate coatings prepared with the composite oxide fillers could improve the oxidation resistance of Ti alloys.
Local deep feature learning framework for 3D shape

For 3D shape analysis, an effective and efficient feature is the key to popularize its applications in 3D domain. In this paper, we present a novel framework to learn and extract local deep feature (LDF), which encodes multiple low-level descriptors and provides high-discriminative representation of local region on 3D shape. The framework consists of four main steps. First, several basic descriptors are calculated and encapsulated to generate geometric bag-of-words in order to make full use of the various basic descriptors' properties. Then 3D mesh is down-sampled to hundreds of feature points for accelerating the model learning. Next, in order to preserve the local geometric information and establish the relationships among points in a local area, the geometric bag-of-words are encoded into local geodesicaware bag-of-features (LGA-BoF). However, the resulting feature is redundant, which leads to low discriminative and efficiency. Therefore, in the final step, we use deep belief networks (DBNs) to learn a model, and use it to generate the LDF, which is high-discriminative and effective for 3D shape applications. 3D shape correspondence and symmetry detection experiments compared with related feature descriptors are carried out on several datasets and shape recognition is also conducted, validating the proposed local deep feature learning framework. & 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Neural approaches to independent component analysis and source separation

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a recently developed technique that in many cases characterizes the data in a natural way. The main application area of the linear ICA model is blind source separation. Here, unknown source signals are estimated from their unknown linear mixtures using the strong assumption that the sources are mutually independent. In practice, separation can be achieved by using suitable higher-order statistics or nonlinearities. Various neural approaches have recently been proposed for blind source separation and ICA. In this paper , these approaches and the respective learning algorithms are brieey reviewed, and some extensions of the basic ICA model are discussed.
Speech recognition system robust to noise and speaking styles

It is difficult to recognize speech distorted by various factors, especially when an ASR system contains only a single acoustic model. One solution is to use multiple acoustic models, one model for each different condition. In this paper, we discuss a parallel decoding-based ASR system that is robust to the noise type, SNR, speaker gender and speaking style. Our system consists of two recognition channels based on MFCC and Differential MFCC (DMFCC) features. Each channel has several acoustic models depending on SNR, speaker gender and speaking style, and each acoustic model is adapted by fast noise adaptation. From each channel, one hypothesis is selected based on its likelihood. The final recognition result is obtained by combining hypotheses from the two channels. We evaluate the performance of our system by normal and hyperarticulated test speech data contaminated by various types of noise at different SNR levels. Experiments demonstrate that the system could achieve recognition accuracy in excess of 80% for the normal speaking style data at a SNR of 0 dB. For hyper-articulated speech data, the recognition accuracy improved from about 10% to over 45% compared to a system without acoustic models for hyperarticulated speech.
The Effectiveness of Public, Catholic, and Non-Religious Private Schools in Chile's Voucher System

In 1980, Chile began financing public and most private schools with vouchers. This paper uses 1997 data on over 150 000 Chilean eighth-graders to compare Spanish and mathematics achievement in six types of public and private schools, including voucher schools operated by Catholic and non-religious institutions. Initial findings suggest that Catholic voucher schools have a small advantage over most public schools, once student and peer attributes are controlled for. There is no important difference in achievement between public and non-religious voucher schools, most of which were created in direct response to the 1980 reforms. In some cases, it appears that non-religious voucher schools produce slightly lower achievement than public schools. Accounting for selection bias reduces any private school advantages (or widens their disadvantages), although these estimates are not sufficiently precise to convincingly reject the null hypothesis of no selection bias.
Competencies of exceptional and nonexceptional software engineers

The attributes of individual software engineers are perhaps the most important factors in determining the success of software development. Our goal is to identify the professional competencies that are most essential. In particular, we seek to identify the attributes that di erentiate between exceptional and non-exceptional software engineers. Phase 1 of our research is a qualitative study designed to identify competencies to be used in the quantitative analysis performed in Phase 2. In Phase 1, we conduct an in-depth review of ten exceptional and ten non-exceptional software engineers working for a major computing rm. We use biographical data and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test results to characterize our sample. We conduct Critical Incident Interviews focusing on the subjects experience in software and identify 38 essential competencies of software engineers. Phase 2 of this study surveys 129 software engineers to determine the competencies that are di erential between exceptional and non-exceptional engineers. Years of experience in software is the only biographical predictor of performance. Analysis of the participants Q-Sort of the 38 competencies identi ed in Phase 1 reveals that nine of these competencies are di erentially related to engineer performance using a t-test. A ten variable Canonical Discrimination Function consisting of three biographical variables and seven competencies is capable of correctly classifying 81% of the cases. The statistical analyses indicate that exceptional engineers (at the company studied) can be distinguished by behaviors associated with an external focus | behaviors directed at people or objects outside the individual. Exceptional engineers are more likely than non-exceptional engineers to maintain a \big picture", have a bias for action, be driven by a sense of mission, exhibit and articulate strong convictions, play a pro-active role with management, and help other engineers. Authors addresses: R. Turley, Colorado Memory Systems, Inc., 800 S. Taft Ave., Loveland, CO 80537. Email: RICKTURL.COMEMSYS@CMS SMTP.gr.hp.com, (303) 635-6490, Fax: (303) 635-6613; J. Bieman, Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523. Email: bieman@cs.colostate.edu, (303)4917096, Fax: (303) 491-6639. Copyright c 1993 by Richard T. Turley and James M. Bieman. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the author. Direct correspondence concerning this paper to: J. Bieman, Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, bieman@cs.colostate.edu, (303)491-7096, Fax: (303)491-6639.
STRATEGIC ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT FOR INNOVATIVE COMPANIES : THE LAST DECADE OF THE BALANCED SCORECARD

Setting corporate vision, strategy, and associated unit-based strategic goals are crucial for any company to create and to sustain the competitive advantage. This concept has been frequently discussed in theory and practice. The case is no different from the innovation perspective of enterprises. Therefore, this article is aimed at exploring the integration of balanced scorecard into innovative strategic management, providing a framework of interrelated issues based on the existing literature and application areas in this research field. Along with the brief review of innovation based strategic management, which includes 13 peer reviewed journal articles; 8 book chapters, 41 peerreviewed scientific journal articles, including a content analysis, was conducted to show the last ten years of the balanced scorecard approach from the innovation perspective. The literature review revealed that: (1) the number of related publications on the topic is showing similarity over the last few years; (2) the explored research field has been mainly grounded on balanced scorecard research, but has also been enriched by innovation perspective; and (3) there are wide range of industry applications based on innovation conducted for the balanced scorecard approach. The literature review provides a summary of the most important issues that emerged in this field which can shed lights on the new opportunities and challenges for further research. © 2017 AESS Publications. All Rights Reserved.
Efficacy of combined local mechanical vibrations, continuous passive motion and thermotherapy in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee.

OBJECTIVES
We evaluated the efficacy of combined mechanical vibrations, continuous passive motion (CPM) and heat on the severity of pain in management of osteoarthritis of the knee (OA-K).


METHODS
In this controlled, double crossover study, 71 OA-K patients were randomized in Phase 1 to receive 4 weeks active treatment consisting of two 20-min sessions per day (34 patients, Group AB) or treatment with a sham device (37 patients, Group BA). This was followed by a 2-week washout period (Phase 2). In Phase 3, patients crossed over so that Group AB was treated with the sham device and Group BA received active treatment for an additional 4 weeks. Patient assessments of pain (visual analog scale, VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) OA index were performed at baseline and at study weeks 2, 4, 6, and 10. Net treatment effects were estimated by comparing outcomes between active and sham treatment study phases.


RESULTS
Treatment benefits were noted for both of the trial's two pre-specified primary endpoints, VAS and WOMAC. VAS was reduced at all follow-up time points for patients receiving active treatment compared to sham treatment with a net treatment effect of 14.4+/-4.1 mm (P=0.001). Similarly, the WOMAC score was reduced significantly with active treatment at all measured points with a net effect of 8.8+/-1.9 points (P<0.001). The secondary endpoints, range of motion (ROM) and treatment satisfaction, also improved with active vs sham treatment.


CONCLUSION
Four weeks treatment with combined CPM, vibration and local heating significantly decreases pain, improves ROM and the quality of life in patients with OA-K (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00858416).
Metrics for evaluating 3D medical image segmentation: analysis, selection, and tool

BACKGROUND
Medical Image segmentation is an important image processing step. Comparing images to evaluate the quality of segmentation is an essential part of measuring progress in this research area. Some of the challenges in evaluating medical segmentation are: metric selection, the use in the literature of multiple definitions for certain metrics, inefficiency of the metric calculation implementations leading to difficulties with large volumes, and lack of support for fuzzy segmentation by existing metrics.


RESULT
First we present an overview of 20 evaluation metrics selected based on a comprehensive literature review. For fuzzy segmentation, which shows the level of membership of each voxel to multiple classes, fuzzy definitions of all metrics are provided. We present a discussion about metric properties to provide a guide for selecting evaluation metrics. Finally, we propose an efficient evaluation tool implementing the 20 selected metrics. The tool is optimized to perform efficiently in terms of speed and required memory, also if the image size is extremely large as in the case of whole body MRI or CT volume segmentation. An implementation of this tool is available as an open source project.


CONCLUSION
We propose an efficient evaluation tool for 3D medical image segmentation using 20 evaluation metrics and provide guidelines for selecting a subset of these metrics that is suitable for the data and the segmentation task.
CRITICAL FACTORS IN CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

University of Tampere School of Management Author: MIIA HANNOLA Title: Critical factors in Customer Relationship Management system implementation Master’s thesis: 84 pages, 2 appendices Date: November 2016
Examples of Para-cocyclic Objects Induced by BD-Laws

In a recent paper (Böhm and Stefan, Commun Math Phys 282:239–286, 2008), we gave a general construction of a para-cocyclic structure on a cosimplex, associated to a so called admissible septuple—consisting of two categories, three functors and two natural transformations, subject to compatibility relations. The main examples of such admissible septuples were induced by algebra homomorphisms. In this note we provide more general examples coming from appropriate (‘locally braided’) morphisms of monads.
Some Thoughts about Ethics and Morality

The author, Kep Enderby QC, expresses his views regarding ethics and morality and its interpretation. Some of the problems and uncertainties associated with altruism, reciprocity and cooperation are highlighted.
Staging for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma as a predictor of sentinel lymph node biopsy results: meta-analysis of American Joint Committee on Cancer criteria and a proposed alternative system.

IMPORTANCE
The appropriate clinical setting for the application of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in the management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is not well characterized. Numerous case reports and case series examine SLNB findings in patients who were considered to have high-risk cSCC, but no randomized clinical trials have been performed.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze which stages in the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) criteria and a recently proposed alternative staging system are most closely associated with positive SLNB findings in nonanogenital cSCC.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Medical literature review and case data extraction from private and institutional practices to identify patients with nonanogenital cSCC who underwent SLNB. Patients were eligible if sufficient tumor characteristics were available to classify tumors according to AJCC staging criteria and a proposed alternative staging system. One hundred thirty patients had sufficient data for AJCC staging, whereas 117 had sufficient data for the alternative system.


EXPOSURE
Nonanogenital cSCC and SLNB.


MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Positive SLNB findings by cSCC stage, quantified as the number and percentage of positive nodes.


RESULTS
A positive SLN was identified in 12.3% of all patients. All cSCCs with positive SLNs were greater than 2 cm in diameter. The AJCC criteria identifed positive SLNB findings in 0 of 9 T1 lesions (0%), 13 of 116 T2 lesions (11.2%), and 3 of 5 T4 lesions (60.0%). No T3 lesions were identified. The alternative staging system identified positive SNLB findings in 0 of 9 T1 lesions (0%), 6 of 85 T2a lesions (7.1%), 5 of 17 T2b lesions (29.4%), and 3 of 6 T3 lesions (50.0%). Rates of positive SLNB findings in patients with T2b lesions were statistically higher than those with T2a lesions (P = .02, Fisher exact test) in the alternative staging system.


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Our findings suggest that most cSCCs associated with positive SLNB findings occur in T2 lesions (in both staging systems) that are greater than 2 cm in diameter. The alternative staging system appears to more precisely delineate high-risk lesions in the T2b category that may warrant consideration of SLNB. Future prospective studies are necessary to validate the relationship between tumor stage and positive SLNB findings and to identify the optimal staging system.
Rapid Learning in a Children's Museum via Analogical Comparison

We tested whether analogical training could help children learn a key principle of elementary engineering-namely, the use of a diagonal brace to stabilize a structure. The context for this learning was a construction activity at the Chicago Children's Museum, in which children and their families build a model skyscraper together. The results indicate that even a single brief analogical comparison can confer insight. The results also reveal conditions that support analogical learning.
Chinese SLE Treatment and Research group (CSTAR) registry VII: prevalence and clinical significance of serositis in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate both the prevalence and clinical characteristics of serositis in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a large cohort in the Chinese SLE Treatment and Research group (CSTAR) database.


METHODS
A prospective cross-sectional study of patients with SLE was conducted based on the data from the CSTAR registry. Serositis was defined according to the 1999 revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE - that is, pleuritis/pleural effusion and/or pericarditis/pericardial effusion detected by echocardiography, chest X-ray or chest computerized tomography (CT) scan. Peritonitis/peritoneal effusion were confirmed by abdominal ultrasonography. We analysed the prevalence and clinical associations of serositis with demographic data, organ involvements, laboratory findings and SLE disease activity.


RESULTS
Of 2104 patients with SLE, 345 were diagnosed with serositis. The prevalence of lupus nephritis (LN), interstitial lung disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as the presence of leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypocomplementemia and anti-dsDNA antibodies was significantly higher in patients with serositis (P < 0.05). Significantly higher SLE disease activity scores were found in patients with serositis compared to those patients without serositis (P < 0.05). Lupus-related peritonitis had similar clinical manifestations and laboratory profiles as serositis caused by SLE.


CONCLUSIONS
There is a significant association of nephropathy, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, hypocomplementemia, leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and elevated anti-dsDNA antibodies with serositis. The results suggest that higher SLE disease activity contributes to serositis development, and should be treated aggressively.
Analytical modelling of residual stresses in machining

An analytical model is developed for prediction of residual stresses in machining. In the thermo-mechanical model of residual stresses both he thermal field of the workpiece and mechanical cutting forces are coupled. The shear energy created in the primary shear zone, the friction nergy produced at the rake face–chip contact zone, the heat balance between the chip, tool and workpiece are considered based on the first law f thermodynamics. The temperature distributions on the workpiece, tool and chip are solved by using finite difference method. The calculated orkpiece temperature field is used in thermal load calculations. Stresses resulting from thermal and mechanical loading are computed using an nalytical elasto-plastic model and a relaxation procedure. The model is verified with experimental measurements of residual stresses on bearing teel 100Cr6 (JIS SUJ2) in the literature. With the analytical model presented here, substantial reduction in computational time is achieved in the redictions of residual stresses. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Scattering Angle Dependence of Weak Mixing Angle at Noncommutative Mass Poles

There have been comments on the starting paper, hep-th/0106074, which point out unclear motivation and definitions on noncommutative momentum introduced. This paper is withdrawn by the author for more clear presentation.
Ten Myths of Multimodal Interaction

Multimodal systems process combined natural input modes—such as speech, pen, touch, hand gestures, eye gaze, and head and body movements—in a coordinated manner with multimedia system output. These systems represent a new direction for computing that draws from novel input and output technologies currently becoming available. Since the appearance of Bolt's [1] " Put That There " demonstration system, which processed speech in parallel with manual pointing, a variety of multimodal systems has emerged. Some rudimentary ones process speech combined with mouse pointing, such as the early CUBRICON system [8]. Others recognize speech while determining the location of pointing from users' manual gestures or gaze [5]. Moving from traditional interfaces toward interfaces offering users greater expressive power, naturalness, and portability. Recent multimodal systems now recognize a broader range of signal integrations, which are no longer limited to the simple point-and-speak combinations handled by earlier systems. For example, the Quickset system integrates speech with pen input that includes drawn graphics, symbols, gestures, and pointing. It uses a semantic unification process to combine the meaningful multimodal information carried by two input signals, both of which are rich and multidimensional. Quickset also uses a multi-agent architecture and runs on a handheld PC [3]. Figure 1 illustrates Quickset's response to the multi-modal command " Airstrips... facing this way, facing this way, and facing this way, " which was spoken while the user drew arrows placing three airstrips in correct orientation on a map. Multimodal systems represent a research-level paradigm shift away from conventional windows-icons-menus-pointers (WIMP) interfaces toward providing users with greater expressive power, naturalness, flexibility , and portability. Well-designed multimodal systems integrate complementary modalities to yield a highly synergistic blend in which the strengths of each mode are capitalized upon and used to overcome weaknesses in the other. Such systems potentially can function more robustly than unimodal systems that involve a single recognition-based technology such as speech, pen, or vision.