LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Adult Horner’s syndrome: a combined clinical, pharmacological, and imaging algorithm

The diagnosis of Horner’s syndrome (HS) can be difficult, as patients rarely present with the classic triad of ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis. Frequently, there are no associated symptoms to help determine or localise the underlying pathology. The onset of anisocoria may also be uncertain, with many cases referred after incidental discovery on routine optometric assessment. Although the textbooks discuss the use of cocaine, apraclonidine, and hydroxyamphetamine to diagnose and localise HS, in addition to reported false positive and negative results, these pharmacological agents are rarely available during acute assessment or in general ophthalmic departments. Typically, a week is required between using cocaine or apraclonidine for diagnosis and localisation of HS with hydroxyamphetamine, leaving the clinician with the decision of which investigations to request and with what urgency. Modern imaging modalities have advanced significantly and become more readily available since many of the established management algorithms were written. We thus propose a practical and safe combined clinical and radiological diagnostic protocol for HS that can be applied in most clinical settings.
HOT BOX DETECTION SYSTEMS AS A PART OF AUTOMATED TRAIN OBSERVATION IN AUSTRIA

Due to the ongoing remote control in signalling technology train observation by employees is reduced at traditional locations e.g. place of a station manager. The Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) Infrastructure Operation Company has recognised this trend very early. Several years ago, they started the construction of a wayside detection system to control the temperature of passing trains because of the increasing discontinuation of station managers doing the observation of boxes and brakes. Outcome of this research and development activities is the hot box detection system TK 99 of the HOA-group at Infrastructure Service in the Infrastructure Operation Company of ÖBB which is used in the railway network of Austria over one hundred times at the moment. If an ineligible heating of a box or a brake is not discovered early enough, lubricating grease in the box will lose its function and a break-down of the box would follow. Thereby, inhomogeneous loads per axle are possible which can lead to a derailment of the boogie. Economic efficiency of a wayside hot box detection system can be demonstrated in comparison with the costs of prevented derailments.
Channel Models and Beamforming at Millimeter-Wave Frequency Bands

Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radio is attracting attention as one of the key enabling physical layer technologies for the fifthgeneration (5G) mobile access and backhaul. This paper aims at clarifying possible roles of mm-wave radio in the 5G development and performing a comprehensive literature survey on mm-wave radio channel modeling essential for the feasibility study. Emphasis in the literature survey is laid on grasping the typical behavior of mm-wave channels, identifying missing features in the presently available channel models for the design and evaluation of the mm-wave radio links within the 5G context, and exemplifying different channel modeling activities through analyses performed in the authors’ group. As a key technological element of the mm-wave radios, reduced complexity beamforming is also addressed. Design criteria of the beamforming are developed based on the spatial multipath characteristics of measured indoor mm-wave channels. key words: millimeter-wave, channel model, radio wave propagation, beamforming, antennas, fifth-generation, 5G
Glial cell and inflammatory responses to retinal laser treatment: comparison of a conventional photocoagulator and a novel, 3-nanosecond pulse laser.

PURPOSE
Retinal laser photocoagulation represents a major treatment strategy for the management of diabetic macular edema (DME). However, the thermal nature of this procedure defines that collateral tissue injury result, meaning that it cannot be used near the fovea centralis. We studied inflammatory and glial responses resulting from treatment of rats with a conventional laser and with a novel short-duration, nonthermal laser (retinal regeneration therapy [2RT]) at clinically relevant energy levels.


METHODS
Pigmented Dark Agouti rats were treated with either a conventional thermal continuous wave (CW; 532-nm, 100-ms pulse duration) or a short-pulse (2RT; 532-nm, Q-switched, 3-ns pulse) laser. Settings were at visible threshold for the CW laser (12.7 J/cm(2)/pulse) and at supra- and subvisible thresholds for the 2RT laser ("high," 2RT-H, 163 mJ/cm(2)/pulse; "low," 2RT-L, 109 mJ/cm(2)/pulse). Rats were killed at various subsequent time points. Samples were processed for histology, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blotting.


RESULTS
The CW laser caused outer retinal lesions that were associated with photoreceptor death, astrocyte and Müller cell activation, and infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokines, heat shock proteins, endogenous trophic factors, and matrix metalloproteinases were induced. In comparison, all of these changes were drastically attenuated when the 2RT laser was used, particularly at the subthreshold setting.


CONCLUSIONS
The conventional laser produced marked retinal damage and cellular responses consistent with an inflammatory response to thermal injury. In contrast, the 2RT laser produced negligible retinal damage and cellular responses at clinically relevant settings. These results may have important implications for the treatment of retinal disease.
Renormalization group running of Newtons constant G: The static isotropic case

(Received 28 July 2006; revised manuscript received 22 February 2007; published 6 April 2007) Corrections are computed to the classical static isotropic solution of general relativity, arising from nonperturbative quantum gravity effects. A slow rise of the effective gravitational coupling with distance is shown to involve a genuinely nonperturbative scale, closely connected with the gravitational vacuum condensate, and thereby related to the observed effective cosmological constant. We argue that in contrast to phenomenological approaches, the underlying functional integral formulation of the theory severely constrains possible scenarios for the renormalization group evolution of couplings. The general analysis is extended here to a set of covariant nonlocal effective field equations, intended to incorporate the full scale dependence of G, and examined in the case of the static isotropic metric. We find that the existence of vacuum solutions to the effective field equations in general severely restricts the possible values of the scaling exponent � .
Snake robot locomotion in narrow space: a review

In snake robot research, one of the most efficient forms of locomotion is the lateral undulation. However, lateral undulation, also known as serpentine locomotion, is illsuited for narrow spaces, as the body of the snake must assume a certain amount of curvature to propel forward. Other types of motion such as the concertina or rectilinear may be suitable for narrow spaces, but is highly inefficient if the same type of locomotion is used even in open spaces. Though snakes naturally can interchange between the use of serpentine and concertina movement depending on the environment, snake robots based on lateral undulation to date are unable to function satisfactorily in narrow spaces. In this chapter, a brief literature review is done on snake robot locomotion for narrow space navigation.
Propionic acid production by immobilized cells of a propionate-tolerant strain of Propionibacterium acidipropionici

Cells of the propionate-tolerant strain Propionibacterium acidipropionici P200910, immobilized in calcium alginate beads, were tested for propionic and acetic acid production both in a semidefined laboratory medium and in corn steep liquor in batch, fed-batch, and continuous fermentation. Cell density was about 9.8 × 109 cells/g (wet weight) of beads, and beads were added to the medium at 0.1 g (wet weight) beads/ml. Beads could be reused for several consecutive batch fermentations; propionic acid production in the tenth cycle was about 50%–70% of that in the first cycle. In batch culture complete substrate consumption (glucose in semidefined medium, lactate in corn steep liquor) and maximum acid production were seen within 36 h, and acid yields from the substrate were higher than in free-cell fermentations. Fed-batch fermentations were incubated up to 250 h. Maximum propionic acid concentrations obtained were 45.6 g/l in corn steep liquor and 57 g/l in semidefined medium; this is the highest concentration achieved to date in our laboratory. Maximum acetic acid concentrations were 17 g/l and 12 g/l, respectively. In continuous fermentation of semidefined medium, dilution rates up to 0.31 h−1 could be used, which gave higher volumetric productivities (0.96 g l−1 h−1 for propionic acid and 0.26 g l−1 h−1 for acetic acid) than we have obtained with free cells. Corn steep liquor shows promise as an inexpensive medium for production of both acids by immobilized cells of propionibacteria.
Structural imitation and genre conventions in Neo-Latin bucolic poetry

In the following the author considers the structural patterns in selected collections of neo-Latin bucolic poetry in order to sketch out a genre development. Especially important is the division originating with the commentary of Donatus of the Vergilian genres into three hierarchical levels appropriate for different phases in life, and the conception of the Eclogues as political and autobiographical allegories. Based on this, the author searches for interaction - directly invoked and formal - between the writers and the bucolic tradition, and for explicit poetological statements. Servius uses the expression bucolicum carmen in respect of how the poems stick to the conventions of humilitas, tenuitas, and rusticitas. The metaphorical reading of Galatea for Mantua and Amaryllis for Rome and the combination of a certain place with a certain age further strengthen the connection between genres, stages in life, and poetic career presented in the preface to the commentary. Keywords:Amaryllis; Bucolicum Carmen; Donatus; Galatea; Neo-Latin bucolic poetry; Rome; Vergilian genres
Improvement in coronary anastomosis with cardiac surgery simulation.

OBJECTIVE
Cardiac surgery trainees might benefit from simulation training in coronary anastomosis and more advanced procedures. We evaluated distributed practice using a portable task station and experience on a beating-heart model in training coronary anastomosis.


METHODS
Eight cardiothoracic surgery residents performed 2 end-to-side anastomoses with the task station, followed by 2 end-to-side anastomoses to the left anterior descending artery by using the beating-heart model at 70 beats/min. Residents took home the task station, recording practice times. At 1 week, residents performed 2 anastomoses on the task station and 2 anastomoses on the beating-heart model. Performances of the anastomosis were timed and reviewed.


RESULTS
Times to completion for anastomosis on the task station decreased 20% after 1 week of practice (351 +/- 111 to 281 +/- 53 seconds, P = .07), with 2 residents showing no improvement. Times to completion for beating-heart anastomosis decreased 15% at 1 week (426 +/- 115 to 362 +/- 94 seconds, P = .03), with 2 residents demonstrating no improvement. Home practice time (90-540 minutes) did not correlate with the degree of improvement. Performance rating scores showed an improvement in all components. Eighty-eight percent of residents agreed that the task station is a good method of training, and 100% agreed that the beating-heart model is a good method of training.


CONCLUSIONS
In general, distributed practice with the task station resulted in improvement in the ability to perform an anastomosis, as assessed by times to completion and performance ratings, not only with the task station but also with the beating-heart model. Not all residents improved, which is consistent with a "ceiling effect" with the simulator and a "plateau effect" with the trainee. Simulation can be useful in preparing residents for coronary anastomosis and can provide an opportunity to identify the need and methods for remediation.
Dependence of process parameters on stress generation in aluminum thin films

The dependence of residual stress on the process parameters for aluminum metallization has been studied using a rotating beam sensor. This shows increasing tensile stress with both the target power and ambient pressure used during the sputter deposition of the aluminum layer. The bulk resistivity of the deposited aluminum has been measured using a Van der Pauw technique on test structures fabricated alongside the sensors and this shows different trends with respect to the target power and ambient pressure. This indicates that the stress in an interconnect feature is dominated by extrinsic components, which result from the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficient between the constituent layers, rather than the defects formed during the sputter deposition of the metallization. This indicates the suitability of the stress sensor technique to the monitoring of interconnect features in a production line environment.
Prediction of endurance capacity of quadriceps muscles in humans using surface electromyogram spectrum analysis during submaximal voluntary isometric contractions

The measurement of endurance time (t lim) is the procedure commonly used to quantify the ability of a muscle to maintain force. The relationship between surface electromyographic (sEMG) manifestations of localised muscle fatigue and t lim during an effort at 50% of maximal voluntary isometric torque of the knee extensors (vastus lateralis and vastus medialis) until exhaustion was studied in 14 healthy volunteers. It was carried out to test whether changes in sEMG computed over shorter periods than expected t lim could be used to predict t lim. Changes in mean muscle fibre conduction velocity, mean power frequency , median frequency , root mean square ), in the relative power in the 6–30 Hz and 30–60 Hz frequency bands were monitored using linear slope and area ratio index as statistical indicators. These indicators were computed over fixed periods shorter than t lim. The subjects were able to maintain the required force level for [mean (SD)] 78.8 (9.5) s. During the fatigue trial, it was the greatest of the increases in the 6–30 Hz frequency band, recorded for either of the two muscles investigated, that was the only variable which correlated with t lim. Significant relationships between t lim and changes in this low frequency band were observed as early as the first 15–30 s of the contraction. These results suggest that sEMG frequency banding may predict mechanical endurance without the need to maintain the contraction until exhaustion. From a clinical perspective, this could be an advantage for patients who might not be able to tolerate contractions to exhaustion.
"I just wanted to tell you that loperamide WILL WORK": a web-based study of extra-medical use of loperamide.

AIMS
Many websites provide a means for individuals to share their experiences and knowledge about different drugs. Such User-Generated Content (UGC) can be a rich data source to study emerging drug use practices and trends. This study examined UGC on extra-medical use of loperamide among illicit opioid users.


METHODS
A website that allows for the free discussion of illicit drugs and is accessible for public viewing was selected for analysis. Web-forum posts were retrieved using web crawlers and retained in a local text database. The database was queried to extract posts with a mention of loperamide and relevant brand/slang terms. Over 1290 posts were identified. A random sample of 258 posts was coded using NVivo to identify intent, dosage, and side-effects of loperamide use.


RESULTS
There has been an increase in discussions related to loperamide's use by non-medical opioid users, especially in 2010-2011 Loperamide was primarily discussed as a remedy to alleviate a broad range of opioid withdrawal symptoms, and was sometimes referred to as "poor man's" methadone. Typical doses ranged 70-100mg per day, much higher than an indicated daily dose of 16mg.


CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that loperamide is being used extra-medically to self-treat opioid withdrawal symptoms. There is a growing demand among people who are opioid dependent for drugs to control withdrawal symptoms, and loperamide appears to fit that role. The study also highlights the potential of the Web as a "leading edge" data source in identifying emerging drug use practices.
3.5 A 56Gb/s NRZ-electrical 247mW/lane serial-link transceiver in 28nm CMOS

With the rapid growth of data traffic in data centers, data rates over 50Gb/s/signal (e.g., OIF-CEI-56G-VSR) will eventually be required in wireline chip-to-module or chip-to-chip communications [1-3]. To achieve better power efficiency than that of existing 25Gb/s/signal designs, a high-speed yet energy-efficient front-end is needed in both the transmitter and receiver. A receiver front-end with baud-rate architecture [1] has been successfully operated at 56Gb/s, but additional components such as eye-monitoring comparators, phase detectors, and clock recovery circuitry as well as a power-efficient transmitter are needed to build a complete transceiver.
Epidural anesthesia and analgesia decrease the postoperative incidence of insulin resistance in preoperative insulin-resistant subjects only.

BACKGROUND
Insulin resistance (IR) is a feature of the endocrine stress response to surgery. It is not known whether a preoperative state of IR would affect the postoperative endocrine response. We sought to characterize the preoperative state of IR in a group of patients undergoing elective hip and knee arthroplasty, and to determine to what extent perioperative epidural analgesia modifies the postoperative state of IR in those who are and are not insulin-resistant before surgery.


METHODS
Sixty patients undergoing either hip or knee arthroplasty were screened by using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) in two populations: insulin-resistant patients and noninsulin-resistant patients, whereas HOMA is fasting insulin (microU/mL) x fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5. The patients belonging to each population were then randomly assigned to receive either intraoperative epidural blockade followed by postoperative epidural analgesia (epidural group) or general anesthesia followed by patient-controlled analgesia (control group). Analgesia was assessed with visual analog scale up to 48 h after surgery and HOMA was repeated at the end of surgery and 48 h after surgery to determine the postoperative state of IR.


RESULTS
Epidural anesthesia and analgesia significantly influenced the postoperative HOMA score (smaller proportion of IR) in the postoperative period only in those patients who were insulin-resistant before surgery (P < 0.01). In contrast, noninsulin-resistant patients had a similar postoperative proportion of IR between the epidural and control groups (P > 0.05). At rest and during movement, visual analog scale scores were not different between groups at the end of surgery and in the first and second days after surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
Epidural anesthesia and analgesia compared to general anesthesia followed by patient-controlled analgesia decreased the incidence of IR soon after surgery and 48 h after surgery only in patients who were insulin-resistant before surgery.
Artificial intelligence applications in the telecommunications industry

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied to the telecommunications industry for more than a decade. The purpose of this paper is to examine the application of AI in the telecommunications industry sector. Our research finds that AI’s first main application in telecommunications is in the network management area. Expert systems and machine learning are the two AI techniques that have been widely used in telecommunications, while machine learning and distributed artificial intelligence are the two AI techniques which are most promising for the future. The research also finds that different AI techniques have their unique applications in the telecommunications industry.
Phase I dose escalation clinical trial of phenylbutyrate sodium administered twice daily to patients with advanced solid tumors

Background: Phenylbutyrate (PBA), and its metabolite phenylacetate (PAA), induce growth inhibition and cellular differentiation in multiple tumor models. However, despite their potential anti-cancer properties, several pharmacodynamic aspects remain unknown. Methods: We conducted a dose escalating trial to evaluate twice-daily intravenous PBA infusions for two consecutive weeks (Monday through Friday) every month at five dose levels (60–360 mg/kg/day). Twenty-one patients with the following malignancies were treated: colon carcinoma 4, non-small cell lung carcinoma 4; anaplastic astrocytoma 3, glioblastoma multiforme 3, bladder carcinoma 2, sarcoma 2, and ovarian carcinoma, rectal hemangiopericytoma, and pancreatic carcinoma 1 each. Results: Conversion of PBA to PAA and phenylacetylglutamine (PAG) was documented without catabolic saturation. Plasma content of PBA ≥1 mM was documented for only 3 h following each dose at the top two dosages. The therapy was well tolerated overall. Common adverse effects included grade 1 nausea/vomiting, fatigue, and lightheadedness. Dose limiting toxicities were short-term memory loss, sedation, confusion, nausea, and vomiting. Two patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and a patient with glioblastoma remained stable without tumor progression for 5, 7, and 4 months respectively. Conclusions: Administration of PBA in a twice-daily infusion schedule is safe. The maximum tolerated dose is 300 mg/kg/day. Study designs with more convenient treatment schedules and specific molecular correlates may help to further delineate the mechanism of action of this compound. Future studies evaluating PBA's ability to induce histone acetylation and cell differentiation alone or in combination with other anti-neoplastics are recommended.
Detection of Jamming Attacks in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Using Error Distribution

Mobile ad hoc networks are a new wireless networking paradigm for mobile hosts. Unlike traditional mobile wireless networks, ad hoc networks do not rely on any fixed infrastructure. Instead, hosts rely on each other to keep the network connected. The military tactical and other securitysensitive operations are still the main applications of ad hoc networks. One main challenge in design of these networks is their vulnerability to Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. In this paper, we consider a particular class of DoS attacks called Jamming. The objective of a jammer is to interfere with legitimate wireless communications. A jammer can achieve this goal by either preventing a real traffic source from sending out a packet, or by preventing the reception of legitimate packets. We propose in this study a new method of detection of such attack by the measurement of error distribution.