LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Gust loading factor — past , present and future

Wind loads on structures under the buffeting action of wind gusts have traditionally been treated by the ‘‘gust loading factor’’ (GLF) method in most major codes and standards around the world. In this scheme, the equivalent-static wind loading used for design is equal to the mean wind force multiplied by the GLF. Although the traditional GLF method ensures an accurate estimation of the displacement response, it may fall short in providing a reliable estimate of other response components. To overcome this shortcoming, a more consistent procedure for determining design loads on tall structures is proposed. This paper highlights an alternative model, in which the GLF is based on the base bending moment rather than the displacement. The expected extreme base moment is computed by multiplying the mean base moment by the proposed GLF. The base moment is then distributed to each floor in terms of the floor load in a format that is very similar to the one used to distribute the base shear in earthquake engineering practice. In addition, a simple relationship between the proposed base moment GLF and the traditional GLF is derived, which makes it convenient to employ the proposed approach while utilizing the existing background information. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed procedure in light of the traditional approach. This paper also extends the new framework for the formulation of wind load effects in the acrosswind and torsional directions along the ‘‘GLF’’ format that has generally been used for the alongwind response. A 3D GLF concept is advanced, which draws upon a database of aerodynamic wind loads on typical tall buildings, a mode shape correction procedure and a more realistic formulation of the equivalent-static wind loads and their effects. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed procedure in light of the traditional approach. It is envisaged that the proposed formulation will be most appropriate for inclusion in codes and standards. r 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Impact of interference on multi-hop wireless network performance

In this paper, we address the following question: given a specific placement of wireless nodes in physical space and a specific traffic workload, what is the maximum throughput that can be supported by the resulting network? Unlike previous work that has focused on computing asymptotic performance bounds under assumptions of homogeneity or randomness in the network topology and/or workload, we work with any given network and workload specified as inputs.A key issue impacting performance is wireless interference between neighboring nodes. We model such interference using a conflict graph, and present methods for computing upper and lower bounds on the optimal throughput for the given network and workload. To compute these bounds, we assume that packet transmissions at the individual nodes can be finely controlled and carefully scheduled by an omniscient and omnipotent central entity, which is unrealistic. Nevertheless, using ns-2 simulations, we show that the routes derived from our analysis often yield noticeably better throughput than the default shortest path routes even in the presence of uncoordinated packet transmissions and MAC contention. This suggests that there is opportunity for achieving throughput gains by employing an interference-aware routing protocol.
Effect of ACE inhibition on the fibrinolytic system in patients requiring coronary artery bypass grafting.

BACKGROUND
Regulation of the fibrinolytic balance between plasminogen activators and inhibitors is modulated by the renin-angiotensin system. Thus, alterations in the renin-angiotensin system by ACE inhibitors probably result in modification of the fibrinolytic system. We examined the effect of a short-term treatment with the ACE inhibitor enalapril in 47 patients with severe coronary artery disease requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).


METHODS
Patients received either 20 mg/d enalapril or placebo for 6 days. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), plasmin-a2-antiplasmin-complex (PAP) and D-dimers were measured initially and after treatment.


RESULTS
In the enalapril group PAI-1 levels were significantly reduced after treatment (11.9 +/- 2.3 U/ml vs. 17.1 +/- 3.0 U/l; P < 0.05). In the placebo group PAP levels were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) after treatment compared to initial values. No differences could be detected between the study groups with regard to TPA and D-dimers.


CONCLUSION
Although PAI-1 activity levels are reduced after short-term treatment with ACE inhibitors in patients with stable angina pectoris while TPA antigen is unaffected, treatment with ACE inhibitors does not lead to a marked change in plasmin activation.
Молодежные субкультуры: эпоха глобализации

The article examines the impact of global trends in the development of culture in the modern youth subcultures. Subject of research are youth subcultures, and the primary goal of this article considering the specifics of the interaction of youth subcultures in the light of current global trends in culture.
Optical properties of aluminum oxide thin films and colloidal nanostructures

Abstract In this work, we prepared thin films of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) with different thicknesses, using a wet chemical process. The Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles with an average size of 40 nm were dispersed in water and deposited on soda glass substrates. The morphology of the resulting thin films was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy. The optical properties of the thin films were studied by measuring reflectance and transmittance. A theoretical description of the reflection and transmission mechanism of the films was developed by measuring the thickness and spectral behavior of the refractive index. Numerical evaluations were used for modeling the optical spectra of the thin films of alumina. By fitting numerical curves to the experimental data, the extinction coefficient and refractive index were obtained. The dielectric constant and optical properties of the colloidal solution of the particles were also studied.
Plate tectonics: When ancient continents collide

The geological record preserves scant evidence for early plate tectonics. Analysis of eclogites — metamorphic rocks formed in subduction zones — in the Trans-Hudson mountain belt suggests modern-style subduction may have operated 1,800 million years ago.
A broadband printed dipole and a printed array for base station applications

A printed dipole with an adjustable integrated balun is presented, featuring a broadband performance and flexibility for the matching to different impedance values. As a benchmarking topology, an eight-element linear antenna array is designed and built for base stations used in broadband wireless communications.
In vivo registration of force development with ceramic and acrylic resin occlusal materials on implant-supported prostheses.

PURPOSE
It has been hypothesized that the shock generation on implant-supported prostheses during chewing should generate higher implant loads if the veneering material is porcelain rather than acrylic resin.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study uses strain-gauged abutments to measure the force transferred to the implant after a shock has been applied. This was measured in vitro and in vivo in 5 patients.


RESULTS
The different occlusal materials did not lead to different forces generated to the implants of the patients.


DISCUSSION
From a practical point of view, the choice of occlusal material has no bearing per se on force generation to the implants.


CONCLUSIONS
The present study demonstrated that there: (a) is a difference in resilience between acrylic resin and ceramic veneering materials, but (b) this difference is only measurable in in vitro where the force is generated by a shock only and the implant is rigidly anchored.
Development of short forms of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-Short) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ-Short)

The empathizing–systemizing (E–S) theory has been tested using the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ). The present study tested n = 1761 students with these instruments, to determine if short versions of these scales could be constructed. This would be desirable both for faster assessment and to establish which are the key items on each scale. Principal component analysis and factor analysis suggested that a 22-item version of the EQ (EQ-Short) and a 25-item version of the SQ (SQ-Short) were highly correlated with the full scale versions. The reliability of each short scale was reasonable. Results showed that females scored significantly higher than males on the EQ-Short, whilst males scored higher than females on the SQ-Short. Additionally, scores were analyzed according to the degree the student was studying. On the EQ-Short, students studying humanities scored higher than students studying sciences, whereas on the SQ-Short, the results were the opposite. Finally, distributions of the population who showed ‘brain types’ based on the scores on two scales were examined. The pattern of distribution of the brain types was 0191-8869/$ see front matter 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.017 * Corresponding author. Address: Department of Psychology, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan. E-mail address: akiowcam@mac.com (A. Wakabayashi). 930 A. Wakabayashi et al. / Personality and Individual Differences 41 (2006) 929–940 consistent with the E–S theory. These results suggest that the EQ-Short and SQ-Short are useful instruments for measuring fundamental cognitive styles. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Genetic treatment of a molecular disorder: gene therapy approaches to sickle cell disease.

Effective medical management for sickle cell disease (SCD) remains elusive. As a prevalent and severe monogenic disorder, SCD has been long considered a logical candidate for gene therapy. Significant progress has been made in moving toward this goal. These efforts have provided substantial insight into the natural regulation of the globin genes and illuminated challenges for genetic manipulation of the hematopoietic system. The initial γ-retroviral vectors, next-generation lentiviral vectors, and novel genome engineering and gene regulation approaches each share the goal of preventing erythrocyte sickling. After years of preclinical studies, several clinical trials for SCD gene therapies are now open. This review focuses on progress made toward achieving gene therapy, the current state of the field, consideration of factors that may determine clinical success, and prospects for future development.
Experiments with Computational Creativity

Neurocognitive model inspired by the putative processes in the brain has been applied to invention of novel words. This domain is proposed as the simplest way to understand creativity using experimental and computational means. Three factors are essential for creativity in this domain: knowledge of the statistical language properties, imagination constrained by this knowledge, and filtering of results that selects most interesting novel words. These principles are implemented using a simple correlation-based algorithm for auto-associative memory that learns the statistical properties of language. Results are surprisingly similar to those created by humans. Perspectives on computational models of creativity are discussed. Keywords—Creativity, brain, language processing, higher cognitive functions, neural modeling.
Use of Probiotics in Diets of Tilapia

Tilapia, because of their enormous adaptability to a wide range of physical and environmental conditions, ability to reproduce in captivity, relative resistance to handling stress and disease-causing agents compared to other cultured finfish species, good flesh quality, feed on a low trophic level and excellent growth rate on a wide variety of natural and artificial diets, are the most abundantly cultured species worldwide. Although they are endemic to tropical freshwater in Africa, Jordan and Israel, their distribution has widened following introductions to other regions of the world in the early part and after the middle of the 20th century. They are presently cultured in virtually all types of production systems, in both fresh and salt water, and in tropical, subtropical and temperate climates [1]. Tilapia dominate both smalland large-scale aquaculture in many tropical and subtropical countries, both as low-price commodity for mass consumption as a staple protein source and as a high-value, upscale product for export markets. They are the second most cultured freshwater fish in the world (after carps). However, they are increasingly recognized as the species of choice for intensive aquaculture and are likely to become the most important cultured fish in the world [2]. According to the American Tilapia Association, global farm-raised tilapia production is expected to reach 3 million metric tons by 2010, compared to 2.6 million metric tons in 2007. Several species of tilapia are being cultured commercially, but Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus and various hybrids are the predominant culture species worldwide.
Substrate structural effects in micellar catalysis with perfluorooctanoic acid

Rates of hydrolysis of a series of hydroxamic acids in aqueous acetonitrile, with perfluorooctanoic acid serving as a reactive counterion surfactant, have been determined. The pseudophase ion exchange model satisfactorily explains the surfactant effects. Variation in the structure of the hydrophobic moiety of the hydroxamic acid substrates was obtained by the incorporation of different chain lengths and differently substituted aryl groups into the substrate. The major influence of the change in substrate structure is on the binding constant for binding of the substrate to the surfactant aggregate. The number of substitutions on the aryl ring appears to be more important than the total number of carbon atoms in the substrate. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Biometric Passport: The Technical Requirements and Possibilities of Using

This paper discusses the requirements, national regulations, and application requirements to introduction of a new biometric passport in the European Union (EU), especially in the Republic of Poland. The biometric passport is sometimes called e-passport. The biometric systems depend highly on the existing hardware biometrical technologies and its software components. Some important national solutions will be also described in this article.
An observational study to assess the association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease

Background There is evidence to suggest osteoporosis may result in premature tooth loss. The pathology behind this relationship is poorly understood. A correlation with osteoporosis and greater susceptibility to periodontal disease has been suggested.Objectives To investigate the association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease, accounting for the effect of confounding variables of age, smoking status and oral hygiene.Setting Three hundred and fifty-nine postmenopausal women aged 45-70 years were recruited from the Greater Manchester area between March 2008 and June 2010.Subjects and methods Data were collected on osteoporosis status, smoking status, pocket probing depths, suppuration, plaque, bleeding and calculus indices. Dental panoramic tomographs were taken and periodontal bone support assessed on all teeth. Data were analysed using SPSS software (version 20).Results Complete data were available for 348 patients. Twenty-six percent (91) of individuals were osteoporotic. Logistic regression was used. The relationship between osteoporosis status and moderate to severe periodontal disease of both molar teeth and the whole mouth was not significant (p = 0.088 and p = 0.296 respectively).Conclusions Osteoporosis is not a causal factor in the development of moderate to severe chronic periodontitis.
Mobile Forensics: Advances, Challenges, and Research Opportunities

The proliferation of mobile devices has led to advanced cybercriminal activities that exploit their ubiquity. Contemporary mobile forensics techniques and the challenges facing forensic investigators are discussed. Also identified are research opportunities that must be explored to enable more efficient mobile forensic techniques and technologies.
Accounting information systems research: Is it another QWERTY?

This article examines the research within accounting information systems (AIS) as found in articles published in leading accounting, management information systems, and computer science journals from 1982 to 1998. Trend analysis is performed on AIS articles found in the following journals: The Journal of Information Systems; Advances in Accounting Information Systems; Journal of Accounting Research; The Accounting Review; Journal of Accounting and Economics, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory; Behavioral Research in Accounting; Journal of Management Accounting Research; Management Science; MIS Quarterly; Decision Sciences; Information Systems Research; and Communications of the ACM, among others. The trend analysis is structured across underlying theory, research method, and information systems lifecycle topics of AIS articles in these journals. This article identifies the extant research streams in AIS, where AIS research has been published from 1982 to 1998, and seeks to provide insight into the question: should AIS exist as its own separate research domain? Is AIS research like the QWERTY keyboard (David, 1985), widely adopted due to popular demand, but ineffective and inefficient, with a better AIS research and teaching model available? © 2000 Elsevier Science Inc.
E-COMMERCE AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Current technologies have revolutionized the manner in which retailers operate. The early stages of the dot com era allowed businesses to experiment with different business models. On-line retailers focused on front-end systems, overlooking the importance of back-end operations such as supply chain management. Retailers have the option to distribute their products via the traditional method, drop-shipping, or a mix of traditional and drop-shipping strategies also known as the hybrid technique. Retailers have to account for stockouts and act accordingly to not lose sales or customers. This paper revisits current trends in inventory management covered in a paper by Snyder and Hamdan (2009) INTRODUCTION The emergence of the Internet has been the greatest technological advancement since industrial age. It is estimated that 44% of US Internet users are using the Internet to pay bills, and 33% of Internet users are purchasing products online. The number is expected to grow from time as the Internet becomes more prevalent and secure. The rise of the Internet created opportunities for entrepreneurs, destroyed many businesses, and most importantly changed the business structure of e-commerce. The dot com era was a time period where entrepreneurs experimented with new business models (O'Brien, 2008).
The opposite end of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder continuum: genetic and environmental aetiologies of extremely low ADHD traits

BACKGROUND
Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to reflect a continuously distributed quantitative trait, it is assessed through binary diagnosis or skewed measures biased towards its high, symptomatic extreme. A growing trend is to study the positive tail of normally distributed traits, a promising avenue, for example, to study high intelligence to increase power for gene-hunting for intelligence. However, the emergence of such a 'positive genetics' model has been tempered for ADHD due to poor phenotypic resolution at the low extreme. Overcoming this methodological limitation, we conduct the first study to assess the aetiologies of low extreme ADHD traits.


METHODS
In a population-representative sample of 2,143 twins, the Strength and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal behaviour (SWAN) questionnaire was used to assess ADHD traits on a continuum from low to high. Aetiological influences on extreme ADHD traits were estimated using DeFries-Fulker extremes analysis. ADHD traits were related to behavioural, cognitive and home environmental outcomes using regression.


RESULTS
Low extreme ADHD traits were significantly influenced by shared environmental factors (23-35%) but were not significantly heritable. In contrast, high-extreme ADHD traits showed significant heritability (39-51%) but no shared environmental influences. Compared to individuals with high extreme or with average levels of ADHD traits, individuals with low extreme ADHD traits showed fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems, better cognitive performance and more positive behaviours and positive home environmental outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Shared environmental influences on low extreme ADHD traits may reflect passive gene-environment correlation, which arises because parents provide environments as well as passing on genes. Studying the low extreme opens new avenues to study mechanisms underlying previously neglected positive behaviours. This is different from the current deficit-based model of intervention, but congruent with a population-level approach to improving youth wellbeing.
Sleep Disturbances in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Disorders: A Review of the Variability of Objective Sleep Markers

Sleep disturbances are often observed in child and adolescent mental health disorders. Although previous research has identified consistent subjective reports of sleep disturbances, specific objective sleep markers have not yet been identified. We evaluated the current research on subjective and objective sleep markers in relation to attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, autism spectrum disorders, anxiety and depressive disorders. Subjective sleep markers are more consistent than objective markers of actigraphy, polysomnography, and circadian measures. We discuss the causes of variability in objective sleep findings and suggest future directions for research.
Performance appraisal of software testers

Context: To determine the effectiveness of software testers a suitable performance appraisal approach is necessary, both for research and practice purposes. However, review of relevant literature reveals little information of how software testers are appraised in practice. Objective: (i) To enhance our knowledge of industry practice of performance appraisal of software testers; and (ii)to collect feedback from project managers on a proposed performance appraisal form for software testers. Method: A web-based survey with questionnaire was used to collect responses. Participants were recruited using cluster and snowball sampling. 18 software development project managers participated. Results: We found two broad trends in performance appraisal of software testers same employee appraisal process for all employees and a specialized performance appraisal method for software testers. Detailed opinions were collected and analysed on how performance of software testers should be appraised. Our proposed appraisal approach was generally well-received. Conclusion: Factors such as number of bugs found after delivery and efficiency of executing test cases were considered important in appraising software testers’ performance. Our proposed approach was refined based on the feedback received.