LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Cryptographic Hierarchical Access Control for Dynamic Structures

A hierarchical key assignment scheme is a method to assign some private information and encryption keys to a set of classes in a partially ordered hierarchy, in such a way that the private information of a higher class can be used to derive the keys of all classes lower down in the hierarchy. Sometimes, it is necessary to make dynamic updates to the hierarchy, in order to implement an access control policy which evolves with time. All security models for hierarchical key assignment schemes have been designed to cope with static hierarchies and do not consider the issue of performing dynamic updates to the hierarchy. In this paper, we define the concept of hierarchical key assignment schemes supporting dynamic updates, formalizing the relative security model. In particular, we provide the notion of security with respect to key indistinguishability, by considering the dynamic changes to the hierarchy. Moreover, we show how to construct a hierarchical key assignment scheme supporting dynamic updates, by using as a building block a symmetric encryption scheme. The proposed construction is provably secure with respect to key indistinguishability, and provides efficient key derivation and updating procedures, while requiring each user to store only a single private key.
Emergent Complexity via Multi-Agent Competition

Reinforcement learning algorithms can train agents that solve problems in complex, interesting environments. Normally, the complexity of the trained agent is closely related to the complexity of the environment. This suggests that a highly capable agent requires a complex environment for training. In this paper, we point out that a competitive multi-agent environment trained with self-play can produce behaviors that are far more complex than the environment itself. We also point out that such environments come with a natural curriculum, because for any skill level, an environment full of agents of this level will have the right level of difficulty. This work introduces several competitive multi-agent environments where agents compete in a 3D world with simulated physics. The trained agents learn a wide variety of complex and interesting skills, even though the environment themselves are relatively simple. The skills include behaviors such as running, blocking, ducking, tackling, fooling opponents, kicking, and defending using both arms and legs. A highlight of the learned behaviors can be found here: https://goo.gl/eR7fbX.
Reading the Road: Road Marking Classification and Interpretation

Road markings embody the rules of the road whilst capturing the upcoming road layout. These rules are diligently studied and applied to driving situations by human drivers who have read Highway Traffic driving manuals (road marking interpretation). An autonomous vehicle must however be taught to read the road, as a human might. This paper addresses the problem of automatically reading the rules encoded in road markings, by classifying them into seven distinct classes: single boundary, double boundary, separator, zig-zag, intersection, boxed junction and special lane. Our method employs a unique set of geometric feature functions within a probabilistic RUSBoost and Conditional Random Field (CRF) classification framework. This allows us to jointly classify extracted road markings. Furthermore, we infer the semantics of road scenes (pedestrian approaches and no drive regions) based on marking classification results. Finally, our algorithms are evaluated on a large real-life ground truth annotated dataset from our vehicle.
Finite element model of ocular injury in abusive head trauma.

PURPOSE
To develop a finite element analysis of the eye and orbit that can be subjected to virtual shaking forces.


METHODS
LS-DYNA computer software was used to design a finite element model of the human infant eye, including orbit, fat, sclera, retina, vitreous, and muscles. The orbit was modeled as a rigid solid; the sclera and retina as elastic shells; the vitreous as viscoelastic solid or Newtonian fluid; and fat as elastic or viscoelastic solid. Muscles were modeled as spring-damper systems. Orbit-fat, fat-sclera, sclera-retina, and vitreous nodes-retina interfaces were defined with the use of the tied surface-surface function in LS-DYNA. The model was subjected to angular acceleration pulses obtained from shaking tests of a biofidelic doll (Aprica 2.5 kg dummy). Parametric studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of varying the material properties of vitreous/fat on maximum stress and stress distribution.


RESULTS
With the vitreous modeled as a Newtonian fluid, the repeated acceleration-deceleration oscillatory motion characteristic of abusive head trauma (AHT) causes cumulative increases in the forces experienced at the vitreoretinal interface. Under these vitreous conditions, retinal stress maximums occur at the posterior pole and peripheral retina, where AHT retinal hemorrhage is most often found.


CONCLUSIONS
Our model offers an improvement on dummy and animal models in allowing analysis of the effect of shaking on ocular tissues. It can be used under certain material conditions to demonstrate progressive "stacking" of intraocular stresses in locations corresponding to typical AHT injury patterns, allowing a better understanding of the mechanisms of retinal hemorrhage patterns.
Manipulative therapy and/or NSAIDs for acute low back pain: design of a randomized controlled trial [ACTRN012605000036617]

BACKGROUND
Acute low back pain is a common condition resulting in pain and disability. Current national and international guidelines advocate general practitioner care including advice and paracetamol (4 g daily in otherwise well adults) as the first line of care for people with acute low back pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) are advocated in many guidelines as second line management options for patients with acute low back pain who are not recovering. No studies have explored the role of NSAIDs and/or SMT in addition to first line management for acute low back pain. The primary aim of this study is to investigate if NSAIDs and/or SMT in addition to general practitioner advice and paracetamol results in shorter recovery times for patients with acute low back pain. The secondary aims of the study are to evaluate whether the addition of SMT and/or NSAIDs influences pain, disability and global perceived effect at 1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks after onset of therapy for patients with significant acute low back pain.


METHODS/DESIGN
This paper presents the rationale and design of a randomised controlled trial examining the addition of NSAIDs and/or SMT in 240 people who present to their general practitioner with significant acute low back pain.
Hyoid Bone and Laryngeal Movement Dependent Upon Presence of a Tracheotomy Tube

The aim of this prospective, consecutive study was to investigate the biomechanical effects, if any, of the presence of a tracheotomy tube and tube cuff status, tube capping status, and aspiration status on movement of the hyoid bone and larynx during normal swallowing. Seven adult patients (5 male, 2 female) with an age range of 46–82 years (mean = 63 years) participated. Criteria for inclusion were no history of cancer of or surgery to the head and neck (except tracheotomy), normal cognition, normal swallowing, and ability to tolerate decannulation. Digital videofluoroscopic swallowing studies were performed at 30 frames/s and with each patient seated upright in the lateral plane. Variables evaluated included maximum hyoid bone displacement and larynx-to-hyoid bone approximation under three randomized conditions: tracheotomy tube in and open with a 5-cc air-inflated cuff; tracheotomy tube in and capped with deflated cuff; and tracheotomy tube out (decannulated). Differences between maximum hyoid bone displacement and larynx-to-hyoid approximation (cm) based on presence/absence of a tracheotomy tube, tube cuff status, and tube capping status were analyzed with the Student’s t test. Reliability testing with a Pearson product moment correlation was performed on 21% of the data. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found for both maximum hyoid bone displacement and larynx-to-hyoid bone approximation during normal swallowing based on tracheotomy tube presence, tube cuff status, or tube capping status. Intraobserver reliability for combined measurements of maximum hyoid displacement and larynx-to-hyoid approximation was r = 0.97 and interobserver reliability for the absence of aspiration was 100%. For the first time with objective data it was shown that the presence of a tracheotomy tube did not significantly alter two important components of normal pharyngeal swallow biomechanics, i.e., hyoid bone movement and laryngeal excursion. The hypothesis that a tracheotomy tube tethers the larynx thereby preventing hyoid bone and laryngeal movement during normal swallowing is not supported.
A pilot study of milk odor effect on nonnutritive sucking by premature newborns.

OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of milk odor on nonnutritive sucking by premature newborns.


DESIGN
Blinded, crossover study of the effects of milk vs sham odor on nonnutritive sucking.


SETTING
Urban neonatal intensive care unit.


PATIENTS
Twenty-nine premature newborns with gestational age of 29 to 36 weeks.


INTERVENTION
Fourteen subjects were tested with fortified breast milk odor (group 1) and 15 were tested with formula odor (group 2). For the test observation, milk odor was directed to the nose (orthonasal exposure) using a specially modified pacifier. For the control observation, water was used as a sham odor. Observations were made concurrently with tube feeding of the newborn with either fortified breast milk (group 1) or formula (group 2).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Total number of sucks and sucking bursts, measured from a digital record of pressure changes within the pacifier.


RESULTS
Nutrient odor increased suck bursts in group 1 subjects, with borderline statistical significance (46.6 bursts/10 min with odor [95% confidence interval (CI), 39-54] vs 35.4 bursts/10 min without odor [95% CI, 28-43]). Unexpectedly, when test and control observations were combined, subjects in group 1 showed an overall increase in number of sucks (260.4 [95% CI, 206-315]) and suck bursts (41.0 [95% CI, 36-46]) compared with group 2 subjects (144.8 [95% CI, 87-203] vs 27.4 [95% CI, 21-34]).


CONCLUSIONS
Nutrient odor exposure via pacifier may stimulate nonnutritive sucking during gavage feeding of premature newborns. Further studies on the effects of nutrient odor on nonnutritive sucking by premature newborns must take into account the effects of nutrients given via gavage.
An assessment of downward trends in neurodevelopmental disorders in the United States following removal of Thimerosal from childhood vaccines.

BACKGROUND
The US is in the midst of an epidemic of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs). Thimerosal is an ethylmercury-containing compound added to some childhood vaccines. Several previous epidemiological studies conducted in the US have associated Thimerosal-containing vaccine (TCV) administration with NDs.


MATERIAL/METHODS
An ecological study was undertaken to evaluate NDs reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 1991 through 2004 by date of receipt and by date of vaccine administration. The NDs examined included autism, mental retardation, and speech disorders. Statistical trend analysis was employed to evaluate the effects of removal of Thimerosal on the proportion of NDs reported to VAERS.


RESULTS
There was a peak in the proportion of ND reports received by VAERS in 2001-2002 and in the proportion of ND reports by date of vaccine administration in 1998. There were significant reductions in the proportion of NDs reported to VAERS as Thimerosal was begun to be removed from childhood vaccines in the US from mid-1999 onwards.


CONCLUSIONS
The present study provides the first epidemiological evidence showing that as Thimerosal was removed from childhood vaccines, the number of NDs has decreased in the US. The analysis techniques utilized attempted to minimize chance or bias/confounding. Additional research should be conducted to further evaluate the relationship between TCVs and NDs. This is especially true because the handling of vaccine safety data from the National Immunization Program of the CDC has been called into question by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences in 2005.
7.1 A 1/4-inch 8Mpixel CMOS image sensor with 3D backside-illuminated 1.12μm pixel with front-side deep-trench isolation and vertical transfer gate

According to the trend towards high-resolution CMOS image sensors, pixel sizes are continuously shrinking, towards and below 1.0μm, and sizes are now reaching a technological limit to meet required SNR performance [1-2]. SNR at low-light conditions, which is a key performance metric, is determined by the sensitivity and crosstalk in pixels. To improve sensitivity, pixel technology has migrated from frontside illumination (FSI) to backside illumiation (BSI) as pixel size shrinks down. In BSI technology, it is very difficult to further increase the sensitivity in a pixel of near-1.0μm size because there are no structural obstacles for incident light from micro-lens to photodiode. Therefore the only way to improve low-light SNR is to reduce crosstalk, which makes the non-diagonal elements of the color-correction matrix (CCM) close to zero and thus reduces color noise [3]. The best way to improve crosstalk is to introduce a complete physical isolation between neighboring pixels, e.g., using deep-trench isolation (DTI). So far, a few attempts using DTI have been made to suppress silicon crosstalk. A backside DTI in as small as 1.12μm-pixel, which is formed in the BSI process, is reported in [4], but it is just an intermediate step in the DTI-related technology because it cannot completely prevent silicon crosstalk, especially for long wavelengths of light. On the other hand, front-side DTIs for FSI pixels [5] and BSI pixels [6] are reported. In [5], however, DTI is present not only along the periphery of each pixel, but also invades into the pixel so that it is inefficient in terms of gathering incident light and providing sufficient amount of photodiode area. In [6], the pixel size is as large as 2.0μm and it is hard to scale down with this technology for near 1.0μm pitch because DTI width imposes a critical limit on the sufficient amount of photodiode area for full-well capacity. Thus, a new technological advance is necessary to realize the ideal front DTI in a small size pixel near 1.0μm.
Phase II study of vinflunine in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Purpose: An open-label, multicentre, non-comparative phase II trial to determine the response rate of intravenous vinflunine as first line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients and methods: Patients with metastatic RCC were treated with vinflunine 350 mg/m2 (n = 11) or 320 mg/m2 (n = 22) administered intravenously every 21 days. Results: Out of 33 patients included in this study, one partial response was observed in the group treated at 350 mg/m2 and none in the group receiving 320 mg/m2 resulting in a response rate in this population of 9.1% (95% CI: 0.2–41.3). Median progression free survival was 5.6 months (95% CI: 2.8–14.4) for patients treated at 350 mg/m2, and 3.3 months (95% CI: 1.6–6.4) for those treated at 320 mg/m2.The median survival time was 10.4 months (95% CI: 6.8–12.4) for the whole study population. The principal toxicities were grade 3/4 neutropaenia —90.9% at 350 mg/m2 and 68.1% at 320 mg/m2, febrile neutropaenia was recorded in 3 patients (27.3%) at 350 mg/m2 and in 5 patients (22.7%) at 320 mg/m2. One episode of thromboembolic event was reported in 1 patient at each dose level. Conclusion: Vinflunine given intravenously once every 3 weeks has not shown any clinically relevant activity in the management of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma; tolerance of the treatment was better at a dose of 320 mg/m2 than at 350 mg/m2.
An Impedance Approach to the Chiral Anomaly

The chiral potential is inverse square. The family of inverse square potentials includes the vector Lorentz potential of the quantum Hall and Aharonov-Bohm effects, and the centrifugal, Coriolis, and three body potentials. The associated impedances are scale invariant, quantum Hall being the most familiar. Modes associated with scale invariant impedances communicate only quantum phase, not an observable in a single quantum measurement. Modes associated with scale dependent impedances, including among others those of the 1/r monopole and 1/r dipole potentials, communicate both phase and energy. Making this clarifying distinction between phase (relative time) and energy explicit presents a new perspective on the anomaly. This approach is introduced via the Rosetta Stone of modern physics, the hydrogen atom. Precise impedance-based π, η, and η′ branching ratio calculations are presented as ratios of polynomials in powers of the fine structure constant, followed by discussion. Mass generation via chiral symmetry breaking is not addressed in the present paper.
Direct Yaw-moment Control Adapted to Driver Behavior Recognition

This paper proposes direct yaw moment control system (DYC) based on driver intention. Considering driving tasks in lateral motions, there are lane keeping, lane change and etc. To reflect the driver intention on DYC system, two types of desired yaw rate are proposed. One is for the lane keeping control and the other is for vehicle stability control. In the control algorithm, two types of desired yaw rate are switched by weighting coefficient according to the driver intention. The driver intention is recognized by using steering wheel angle with the application of hidden Markov model (HMM) which utilizes the theory of probability. Finally, experimental validation was conducted for verifying the recognition accuracy of and the effectiveness of proposed integrated yaw rate control algorithm using micro-scale electric vehicle NOVEL-I. From experiment result, it was verified that the driver could intervene steering with less effort and DYC system reduced the steering workload and side slip angle during lane change
Efficiency enhancement of Doherty amplifier with combination of class-F and inverse class-F schemes for S-band base station application

A new efficiency enhancement technique for the Doherty amplifier for use in S-band base stations is presented. The proposed technique includes a scheme in which the carrier amplifier operates under the class-F condition, while the peak amplifier operates under the inverse class-F condition. In a conventional Doherty scheme, however, both the carrier and the peak amplifiers operate at the same operational class. Theoretical analysis projects that the back-off power level from the power saturation to obtain the peak efficiency is improved from 6 dB for the conventional scheme to 8.2 dB for the proposed design. The saturation output power is also projected to be improved by 1 dB. The fabricated amplifier being verified exhibits a 45% efficiency at 10 dB back-off. This paper describes the advantages of the proposed design scheme by showing theoretical analyses and a circuit design followed by experimental verification at 2.1 GHz.
Apache Storm, a Hands on Tutorial

Summary form only given. Apache Storm is a popular low latency distributed stream processing framework. Apache Storm is used everywhere at Yahoo and at many other companies from automatically tagging every image uploaded to Flickr and analyzing trending search queries to monitoring production servers looking for problems. This hands-on tutorial is divided into two parts. The first part covers the basics of Storm, its architecture, and walks you through writing a simple application (not just word count). The second part looks more at how to modify Storm and will walk you through adding in a new feature.
Liquid society and its law

Contents: Introduction: Theorizing liquid modernity and its legal context, JirA- PribA!n. Part I Liquidity, Uncertainty and Fear: Uncertainty and other liquid-modern fears, Zygmunt Bauman. Part II Theorizing Liquid Modernity: How aufarbeiten 'liquid society'? Zymunt Bauman's wager, Anton SchA tz World and waste, or the law of liquidity, Pablo S. Ghetti Fear in the lawscape, Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos. Part III Liquidity and Solidity in Politics and Ethics: The politics of liquid modernity: Polanyi and Bauman on commodification and fluidity, Emilios Christodoulidis Facing past human rights abuse: a way from a liquid to a solid society, Grazyna Skapska. Part IV European Adventures and Identities: European legality and its critique: on Bauman's concept of an adventurous Europe, JirA- PribA!n Constitutional identities in a liquid society, Vito Breda. Part V Liquidity of Social Inclusion Policies, Migrations and Integrations: The liquidity and solidity of contemporary social reality: the example of social inclusion policies, Pierre Guibentif Liquid modernity and the integration of young immigrants in Italy, David Nelken Index.
Down will come baby, cradle and all: diagnostic and therapeutic implications of chronic trauma on child development.

OBJECTIVE
This review examines the clinical outcomes associated with exposure to chronic intrafamilial trauma and explores the treatment of the psychological, biological and cognitive sequelae.


METHOD
The existing research literature on the subject was collected, using Index Medicus/MEDLINE, Psychological Abstracts and the PILOTS database. The research findings were supplemented with clinical observations by the authors and other clinical writings on this topic.


RESULTS
Children with histories of exposure to multiple traumatic experiences within their families or in medical settings usually meet criteria for numerous clinical diagnoses, none of which capture the complexity of their biological, emotional and cognitive problems. These are expressed in a multitude of psychological, cognitive, somatic and behavioural problems, ranging from learning disabilities to aggression against self and others.


CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to intrafamilial violence and other chronic trauma results in pervasive psychological and biological deficits. Treatment needs to address issues of safety, stabilise impulsive aggression against self and others, promote mastery experiences, compensate for specific developmental deficits, and judiciously process both the traumatic memories and trauma-related expectations.
Big Data Summarization Using Semantic Feture for IoT on Cloud

Data management is a crucial aspect in the Internet of Things (IoT) on Cloud. Big data is about the processing and analysis of large data repositories on Cloud computing. Big document summarization method is an important technique for data management of IoT. Traditional document summarization methods are restricted to summarize suitable information from the exploding IoT big data on Cloud. This paper proposes a big data (i.e., documents, texts) summarization method using the extracted semantic feature which it is extracted by distributed parallel processing of NMF based cloud technique of Hadoop. The proposed method can well represent the inherent structure of big documents set using the semantic feature by the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). In addition, it can summarize the big data size of document for IoT using the distributed parallel processing based on Hadoop. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can summarize the big data document comparing with the single node of summarization methods. 1096 Yoo-Kang Ji et al.