LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Transpost: a novel approach to the display and transmission of 360 degrees-viewable 3D solid images

Three-dimensional displays are drawing attention as next-generation devices. Some techniques which can reproduce three-dimensional images prepared in advance have already been developed. However, technology for the transmission of 3D moving pictures in real-time is yet to be achieved. In this paper, we present a novel method for 360-degrees viewable 3D displays and the Transpost system in which we implement the method. The basic concept of our system is to project multiple images of the object, taken from different angles, onto a spinning screen. The key to the method is projection of the images onto a directionally reflective screen with a limited viewing angle. The images are reconstructed to give the viewer a three-dimensional image of the object displayed on the screen. The display system can present images of computer-graphics pictures, live pictures, and movies. Furthermore, the reverse optical process of that in the display system can be used to record images of the subject from multiple directions. The images can then be transmitted to the display in real-time. We have developed prototypes of a 3D display and a 3D human-image transmission system. Our preliminary working prototypes demonstrate new possibilities of expression and forms of communication.
Therapeutic efficacy of right prefrontal slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression: a double-blind controlled study.

BACKGROUND
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a noninvasive technique for stimulation of the brain, has recently been suggested to be effective for the treatment of major depression. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of slow repetitive TMS (rTMS) in patients with major depression.


METHODS
Seventy patients with major depression (53 women, 17 men; mean age, 58.7 years; SD, 17.2 years) were randomly assigned to receive rTMS or sham rTMS in a double-blind design. Treatment was administered in 10 daily sessions during a 2-week period. Severity of depression was blindly assessed before, during, and after completion of the treatment protocol.


RESULTS
All patients completed the first week of treatment and 67 completed the entire protocol. Patients who received rTMS had a significantly greater improvement in depression scores compared with those who received sham treatment. At the end of 2 weeks, 17 of 35 patients in the rTMS group, but only 8 of 32 in the sham-treated group, had an improvement of greater than 50% in their depression ratings.


CONCLUSIONS
This controlled study provides evidence for the short-term efficacy of slow rTMS in patients with recurrent major depression. Additional studies will be necessary to assess the efficacy of rTMS as compared with electroconvulsive therapy as well as the long-term outcome of this treatment in major depression and possibly other psychiatric disorders.
On the importance of nonverbal communication in the physician-patient interaction.

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this paper is to show that nonverbal aspects in the physician-patient interaction play an important role. Interpersonal judgment relies mostly on nonverbal and appearance cues of the social interaction partner. This is also true for the physician-patient interaction. Moreover, physicians and patients tend to mirror some of their nonverbal behavior and complement each other on other aspects of their nonverbal behavior. Nonverbal cues emitted by the patient can contain important information for the doctor to use for treatment and diagnosis decisions.


CONCLUSION
The way the physician behaves nonverbally affects patient outcomes, such as, for instance, patient satisfaction. Affilliative nonverbal behavior (e.g., eye gaze and proximity) of the physician is related to higher patient satisfaction. However, how different physician nonverbal behaviors are related to patient satisfaction also depends on personal attributes of the physician such as gender, for instance.


PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Physician training could profit from incorporating knowledge about physician and patient nonverbal behavior.
Ketamine decreases postoperative pain scores in patients taking opioids for chronic pain: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind study.

BACKGROUND
Patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain may suffer from inadequate postoperative pain control. Ketamine is an adjuvant demonstrating analgesic and opioid-sparing effects. We hypothesize that an intravenous ketamine infusion in addition to opioid-based patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) improves postoperative pain relief in this patient population.


METHODS
We evaluated 64 patients with chronic pain taking opioids undergoing nononcologic surgery. Patients were randomized to receive either postoperative hydromorphone PCA and continuous ketamine (0.2 mg/kg/hour), or hydromorphone PCA and saline. Patients provided numeric rating scale (NRS) pain scores for "worst," "average," and "least" pain following surgery. The primary outcome measure was change in patients' postoperative NRS scores compared with baseline NRS. Secondary and tertiary outcomes included postoperative day one 24-hour opioid use and the amount of opioid used 24 hours prior to hospital discharge.


RESULTS
Fifty-nine patients were included in the analysis. Baseline patient characteristics were similar with the exception of age. Patients using ketamine had decreased "average" pain scores (percent change between postoperative and preoperative NRS) after surgery (13.5% decrease in the ketamine group vs 15.5% increase in NRS in the placebo group, P = 0.0057). There were no differences in "worst" or "least" pain scores or postoperative opioid use. Side effects between groups were similar.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrates that a postoperative ketamine infusion at 0.2 mg/kg/hour in addition to opioids results in a statistically significant reduction of "average" pain scores in patients undergoing surgery who take opioids for chronic pain. However, "least" and "worst" pain scores and the amount of opioid used postoperatively did not differ between groups. Thus, the use of a postoperative ketamine infusion at 0.2 mg/kg/hour provides limited benefit in improving pain management for this challenging population.
MIRAI: Multi-hierarchical, FS-Tree Based Music Information Retrieval System

With the fast booming of online music repositories, there is a need for content-based automatic indexing which will help users to find their favorite music objects in real time. Recently, numerous successful approaches on musical data feature extraction and selection have been proposed for instrument recognition in monophonic sounds. Unfortunately, none of these methods can be successfully applied to polyphonic sounds. Identification of music instruments in polyphonic sounds is still difficult and challenging, especially when harmonic partials are overlapping with each other. This has stimulated the research on music sound separation and new features development for content-based automatic music information retrieval. Our goal is to build a cooperative query answering system (QAS), for a musical database, retrieving from it all objects satisfying queries like ”find all musical pieces in pentatonic scale with a viola and piano where viola is playing for minimum 20 seconds and piano for minimum 10 seconds”. We use the database of musical sounds, containing almost 4000 sounds taken from the MUMs (McGill University Master Samples), as a vehicle to construct several classifiers for automatic instrument recognition. Classifiers showing the best performance are adopted for automatic indexing of musical pieces by instruments. Our musical database has an FS-tree (Frame Segment Tree) structure representation. The cooperativeness of QAS is driven by several hierarchical structures used for classifying musical instruments.
Penetration of moxifloxacin into the human pancreas following a single intravenous or oral dose.

OBJECTIVES
Failure to prevent secondary infectious complications in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) is attributable in part to the limited penetration of antimicrobial drugs. As newer quinolones are particularly attractive owing to their antimicrobial activity, for the first time we studied the penetration of moxifloxacin into pancreatic tissue in patients.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
In this prospective, non-comparative clinical trial, 60 patients undergoing elective pancreas resection received a single oral or intravenous (iv) dose of 400 mg moxifloxacin for perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis. The concentration of moxifloxacin was measured in samples taken from blood and from pancreatic tissue at the beginning and at the end of resection.


RESULTS
Mean moxifloxacin concentrations in pancreatic tissue following iv or oral administration were 3.1+/-0.9 and 2.7+/-1.4 mg/kg at 3-3.7 h post-dose (first sampling) and 3.6+/-1.5 and 3.1+/-1.8 mg/kg at 4.3-5.3 h post-dose (second sampling), respectively. Corresponding mean plasma concentrations of moxifloxacin were 1.8+/-0.5 and 1.2+/-0.6 mg/L (first sampling) and 1.5+/-0.4 and 1.0+/-0.5 mg/L (second sampling), respectively. From first to second sampling, the mean tissue-to-plasma ratios varied from 1.8+/-0.6 to 2.6+/-1.2 (iv) and from 2.4+/-0.8 to 3.1+/-1.2 (oral). Pancreatic tissue concentrations of moxifloxacin exceeded the MIC90 for the relevant pathogens covered by moxifloxacin for at least 5 h after dosing.


CONCLUSIONS
Moxifloxacin has been demonstrated to penetrate efficiently into human pancreatic tissue following iv or oral administration. From a pharmacological perspective, moxifloxacin appears to be promising for prophylaxis and treatment of local pancreas infections. Whether it is beneficial in the prevention and therapy of infectious complications in patients with ANP should be investigated in a controlled clinical trial.
An expanded view of self-management: patients' perceptions of education and support in an intervention for chronic musculoskeletal pain.

OBJECTIVES
Chronic pain is prevalent, costly, and is associated with profound psychological effects. Although pain is prevalent in returning veterans of the recent military conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation New Dawn [OEF/OIF/OND] Veterans), little is known about chronic pain in these patients. This study's objective was to ascertain perceptions of a multicomponent intervention tested in a randomized controlled trial for OEF/OIF/OND veterans with chronic musculoskeletal pain (Evaluation of Stepped Care for Chronic Pain [ESCAPE]).


DESIGN
Qualitative interviews were conducted with 26 patients in the intervention arm of ESCAPE (21% of total intervention patients) to determine patients' experiences with and perceptions of the intervention. Patients were purposefully sampled to include treatment responders (defined as ≥30% reduction in pain-related disability or pain severity), nonresponders, and noncompleters (completed <50% of trial). Qualitative analysis was guided by grounded theory.


RESULTS
Both responders and nonresponders discussed the importance of the self-management education they received. Of particular significance, patients identified the nurse care manager who administered the intervention as being integral to patients' ability to self-manage their chronic pain. Patients described important ways in which the nurse facilitated their self-management, reported under three themes: 1) helping patients find what works for their pain; 2) holding patients accountable for their pain management; 3) motivating and providing emotional support to patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Results corroborate previous work and suggest that current conceptualizations of self-management are incomplete. A model is proposed that not only depicts self-management as involving more than activities and strategies, but also acknowledges the central role of relationships and support in pain self-management.
Salt weathering: influence of evaporation rate, supersaturation and crystallization pattern

Microand macroscale experiments which document the dynamics of salt damage to porous stone have yielded data which expose weaknesses in earlier interpretations. Previously unexplained differences are found in crystal morphology, crystallization patterns, kinetics and substrate damage when comparing the growth of mirabilite (Na2SO4. 10H2O) and thenardite (Na2SO4) versus halite (NaCl). The crystallization pattern of sodium sulphate was strongly affected by relative humidity (RH), while a lesser RH effect was observed for sodium chloride. Macroscale experiments confirmed that mirabilite (crystallizing at RH>50 per cent) and thenardite (crystallizing at RH<50 per cent) tend to form subflorescence in highly localized areas under conditions of constant RH and temperature. This crystallization pattern was more damaging than that of halite, since halite tended to grow as efflorescence or by filling the smallest pores of the stone in a homogeneous fashion, a result which contradicts Wellman andWilson's theoretical model of salt damage. Low RH promoted rapid evaporation of saline solutions and higher supersaturation levels, resulting in the greatest damage to the stone in the case of both sodium sulphate and sodium chloride crystallization. At any particular crystallization condition, sodium chloride tended to reach lower supersaturation levels (resulting in the crystallization of isometric crystals) and created negligible damage, while sodium sulphate reached higher supersaturation ratios (resulting in non-equilibrium crystal shapes), resulting in significant damage. ESEM showed no damage from sodium sulphate due to hydration. Instead, after water condensation on thenardite crystals, rapid dissolution followed by precipitation of mirabilite took place, resulting in stone damage by means of crystallization pressure generation. It is concluded that salt damage due to crystallization pressure appears to be largely a function of solution supersaturation ratio and location of crystallization. These key factors are related to solution properties and evaporation rates, which are constrained by solution composition, environmental conditions, substrate properties, and salt crystallization growth patterns. When combined with a critical review of salt damage literature, these experiments allow the development of a model which explains variations in damage related to combinations of different salts, substrates and environmental conditions. Copyright # 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Improved Method on Static Binary Analysis to Enhance the Context-Sensitive CFI

Control Flow Integrity (CFI) is one of the most promising technique to defend Code-Reuse Attacks (CRAs). Traditional CFI Systems and recent Context-Sensitive CFI use coarse control flow graphs (CFGs) to analyze whether the control flow hijack occurs, left vast space for attackers at indirect call-sites. Coarse CFGs make it difficult to decide which target to execute at indirect control-flow transfers, and weaken the existing CFI systems actually. It is an unsolved problem to extract CFGs precisely and perfectly from binaries now. In this paper, we present an algorithm to get a more precise CFG from binaries. Parameters are analyzed at indirect call-sites and functions firstly. By comparing counts of parameters prepared before call-sites and consumed by functions, targets of indirect calls are reduced. Then the control flow would be more constrained at indirect call-sites in runtime. Combined with CCFI, we implement our policy. Experimental results on some popular programs show that our approach is efficient. Further analysis show that it can mitigate COOP and other advanced attacks. Keywords—Contex-sensitive, CFI, binary analysis, code reuse attack.
The role of a structured exercise training program on cardiac structure and function after acute myocardial infarction: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Exercise training is effective in improving functional capacity and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease, but its effects on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function are controversial. Diastolic dysfunction is a major determinant of adverse outcome after myocardial infarction and, contrary to systolic function, no therapy or intervention has proved to significantly improve diastolic function. Data from animal studies and from patients with diastolic heart failure has suggested that exercise training can have a positive effect on diastolic function parameters. This trial aims to evaluate if a structured exercise training program can improve resting left ventricular diastolic and systolic function in patients who have had an acute myocardial infarction.


METHODS/DESIGN
This is a phase II, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial that will include at least 96 consecutive patients who have had an acute myocardial infarction one month previously. Patients will be randomized (1:1) to an exercise training program or a control group, receiving standard of care. At enrolment, and at the end of the follow-up period, patients will be submitted to an echocardiography (with detailed assessment of diastolic and systolic function using recent consensus guidelines), cardiopulmonary exercise testing, an anthropometric assessment, blood testing, and clinical evaluation. Patients randomized to the intervention group will be submitted to an eight-week outpatient exercise program, combining endurance and resistance training, for three sessions per week. The primary endpoint will be the change in lateral E' velocity immediately after the eight-week exercise training program. Secondary endpoints will include other echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular diastolic and systolic function, cardiac structure, metabolic and inflammation biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and pro-BNP), functional capacity (peak oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold) and anthropometric measurements.


DISCUSSION
New strategies that can improve left ventricular diastolic function are clinically needed. This will be the first trial to evaluate, in patients who have had an acute myocardial infarction, the effects of a structured program of exercise training on diastolic and systolic function, assessed by novel echocardiographic parameters.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (reference: NCT02224495 ) on 21 August 2014.
Genetic risk of depression and stress-induced negative affect in daily life.

BACKGROUND
A bias to develop negative affect in response to daily life stressors may be an important depression endophenotype, but remains difficult to assess.


AIMS
To assess this mood bias endophenotype, uncontaminated by current mood, in the course of daily life.


METHOD
The experience sampling method was used to collect multiple appraisals of daily life event-related stress and negative affect in 279 female twin pairs. Cross-twin, cross-trait associations between dailylife mood bias and DSM-IV depression were conducted.


RESULTS
Probands whose co-twins were diagnosed with lifetime depression showed a stronger mood bias to stress than those with co-twins without such a diagnosis, independent of probands' current depressive symptoms and to a greater extent in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins.


CONCLUSIONS
Genetic liability to depression is in part expressed as the tendency to display negative affect in response to minor stressors in daily life. This trait may represent a true depression endophenotype.
Maternal anthropometric and metabolic factors in the first half of pregnancy and risk of neonatal macrosomia in term pregnancies. A prospective study.

OBJECTIVE
The prevalence of maternal overweight and fetal macrosomia is increasing. Fetal macrosomia is associated with increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications. The objective of the present study was to investigate if maternal metabolic parameters associated with maternal overweight were independent determinants of macrosomia (birth weight > 4500 g or above the 95 percentile of the z-score for standardized birth weight).


DESIGN
Prospective population based cohort study of 2050 pregnancies and nested case control study.


METHODS
Outcome measures were adjusted risks for macrosomia in relation to early second trimester maternal serum lipids, glucose and insulin (cohort study) and leptin and insulin-like growth factor (73 cases and 146 matched controls).


RESULTS
Gestational diabetes was not independently associated with fetal macrosomia. First trimester body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain and placental weight were associated with macrosomia. High serum insulin and non-high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and low serum HDL-cholesterol were associated with increased risk of macrosomia independent of BMI, weight gain, placental weight and gestational diabetes. Slim women with macrosomic infants had higher insulin compared with those with normal weight infants. This relation was not found among obese women. Leptin was not associated with macrosomia after adjusting for maternal BMI.


CONCLUSIONS
Blood parameters known to be associated with the metabolic syndrome were risk factors for macrosomia independent of maternal BMI.
The impact of haemodialysis on the outcomes of catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

AIMS
The outcomes of catheter ablation (CA) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) who are undergoing haemodialysis (HD) have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine the impact of HD on CA outcome in these patients.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We examined 1364 consecutive PAF patients (mean age, 61 ± 10 years) who underwent CA, including 32 (2.3%) patients undergoing HD. The patients undergoing HD had a significantly lower body mass index (P < 0.0001), higher CHADS2 score (P = 0.006), and higher prevalence of structural heart disease (P < 0.0001), hypertension (P = 0.002), and congestive heart failure (P = 0.02). Echocardiography indicated a larger left atrial diameter (P < 0.0001) and left ventricular diameter (P = 0.0002) in the HD patients. Haemodialysis was a significant predictor of AF recurrence (hazard ratio 2.56; 95% confidence interval 1.56-4.03; P = 0.0004) in the overall population. Sinus rhythm maintenance rates in the HD patients at 1, 3, and 5 years were 42.3, 37.6, and 19.7%, respectively, after the first procedure, and 64.7, 54.9, and 47.1%, respectively, after the final procedure (median, 2; range, 1-2 procedures); these rates were significantly lower than those in the non-HD patients (P < 0.0001). The 5-year survival rate was 78.1% in the HD patients.


CONCLUSION
Haemodialysis was significantly associated with AF recurrence after CA for PAF. However, an ∼50% success rate for sinus rhythm maintenance without antiarrhythmic drug therapy in HD patients suggested that CA could be an option for the treatment of AF.