LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Influence of organ motion on conformal vs. intensity-modulated pelvic radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

PURPOSE
To compare an intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) planning approach for prostate pelvic RT with a conformal RT (CRT) approach taking into account the influence of organ-at-risk (OAR) motion.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
A total of 20 male patients, each with one planning computed tomography scan and five to eight treatment computed tomography scans, were used for simulation of IMRT and CRT for delivery of a prescribed dose of 50 Gy to the prostate, seminal vesicles, and pelvic lymph nodes. Planning was done in Eclipse without correcting for OAR motion. Evaluation was performed using the CRT and IMRT dose matrices and the planning and treatment OAR outlines. The generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) was calculated for 894 OAR volumes using a volume-effect parameter of 4, 12, and 8 for bowel, rectum and bladder, respectively. For the bowel, the gEUD was normalized to a reference volume of 200 cm(3). For each patient and each OAR, an average of the treatment gEUDs (gEUD(treat)) was calculated for CRT and IMRT. The paired t test was used to compare IMRT with CRT and gEUD(treat) with gEUD(plan).


RESULTS
The mean gEUD(treat) was reduced from 43 to 40 Gy, 47 to 46 Gy, and 48 to 45 Gy with IMRT for the bowel, rectum, and bladder, respectively (p < 0.001). Differences between the gEUD(plan) and gEUD(treat) were not significant (p > 0.05) for any OAR but was >6% for the bowel in 6 of 20 patients.


CONCLUSION
Intensity-modulated RT reduced the bowel, rectum, and bladder gEUDs also under influence of OAR motion. Neither CRT nor IMRT was robust against bowel motion, but IMRT was not less robust than CRT.
Data-driven biped control

We present a dynamic controller to physically simulate underactuated three-dimensional full-body biped locomotion. Our datadriven controller takes motion capture reference data to reproduce realistic human locomotion through realtime physically based simulation. The key idea is modulating the reference trajectory continuously and seamlessly such that even a simple dynamic tracking controller can follow the reference trajectory while maintaining its balance. In our framework, biped control can be facilitated by a large array of existing data-driven animation techniques because our controller can take a stream of reference data generated on-thefly at runtime. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through examples that allow bipeds to turn, spin, and walk while steering its direction interactively. CR Categories: I.3.7 [Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism]: Animation
Robust Unconstrained Handwritten Digit Recognition using Radon Transform

The performance of a character recognition system depends heavily on what features are being used. Though many kinds of features have been developed and their test performances on standard database have been reported, there is still room to improve the recognition rate by developing improved features. In this paper, we propose a novel system based on radon transform for handwritten digit recognition. We have used radon function which represents an image as a collection of projections along various directions. The resultant feature vector by applying this method is the input for the classification stage. A nearest neighbor classifier is used for the subsequent recognition purpose. A test performed on the MNIST handwritten numeral database and on Kannada handwritten numerals demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method
Phrase-Based & Neural Unsupervised Machine Translation

Machine translation systems achieve near human-level performance on some languages, yet their effectiveness strongly relies on the availability of large amounts of parallel sentences, which hinders their applicability to the majority of language pairs. This work investigates how to learn to translate when having access to only large monolingual corpora in each language. We propose two model variants, a neural and a phrase-based model. Both versions leverage a careful initialization of the parameters, the denoising effect of language models and automatic generation of parallel data by iterative back-translation. These models are significantly better than methods from the literature, while being simpler and having fewer hyper-parameters. On the widely used WMT’14 English-French and WMT’16 German-English benchmarks, our models respectively obtain 28.1 and 25.2 BLEU points without using a single parallel sentence, outperforming the state of the art by more than 11 BLEU points. On low-resource languages like English-Urdu and English-Romanian, our methods achieve even better results than semisupervised and supervised approaches leveraging the paucity of available bitexts. Our code for NMT and PBSMT is publicly available.1
Exploring the role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems in customer knowledge creation

This study explores how customer relationship management (CRM) systems support customer knowledge creation processes [48], including socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. CRM systems are categorized as collaborative, operational and analytical. An analysis of CRM applications in three organizations reveals that analytical systems strongly support the combination process. Collaborative systems provide the greatest support for externalization. Operational systems facilitate socialization with customers, while collaborative systems are used for socialization within an organization. Collaborative and analytical systems both support the internalization process by providing learning opportunities. Three-way interactions among CRM systems, types of customer knowledge, and knowledge creation processes are explored. 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Guided Learning for Bidirectional Sequence Classification

In this paper, we propose guided learning, a new learning framework for bidirectional sequence classification. The tasks of learning the order of inference and training the local classifier are dynamically incorporated into a single Perceptron like learning algorithm. We apply this novel learning algorithm to POS tagging. It obtains an error rate of 2.67% on the standard PTB test set, which represents 3.3% relative error reduction over the previous best result on the same data set, while using fewer features.
Moderators of the mediated effect of intentions, planning, and saturated-fat intake in obese individuals.

OBJECTIVE
The present study aimed to advance our understanding of health-related theory, that is, the alleged intention-behavior gap in an obese population. It examined the mediating effects of planning on the intention-behavior relationship and the moderated mediation effects of age, self-efficacy and intentions within this relationship.


METHOD
The study was conducted over a five-week period. Complete data from 571 obese participants were analyzed. The moderated mediation hypothesis was conducted using multiple-regression analysis. To test our theoretical model, intentions (Week 2), action self-efficacy (Week 2), maintenance self-efficacy (Week 5), planning (Week 5), and saturated-fat intake (Weeks 1 and 5) were measured by self-report.


RESULTS
As hypothesized, planning mediated the intention-behavior relationship for perceived (two-item scale) and percentage-saturated-fat intake (measured by a food frequency questionnaire). Age, self-efficacy, and intention acted as moderators in the above mediation analysis. In specific, younger individuals, those with stronger intention, and people with higher levels of maintenance self-efficacy at higher levels of planning showed greater reductions in their perceived saturated-fat intake.


CONCLUSIONS
For successful behavior change, knowledge of its mediators and moderators is needed. Future interventions targeting planning to change saturated-fat intake should be guided by people's intentions, age, and self-efficacy levels.
Influence of spark plasma sintering temperature on the microstructure and strengthening mechanisms of discontinuous three-dimensional graphene-like network reinforced Cu matrix composites

Abstract For metal matrix composites (MMCs), the sintering temperature is of vital importance in realizing a dense bulk material with tight interfacial adhesion as well as limited structural damage to reinforcements. In this work, we investigated the influence of the spark plasma sintering (SPS) sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the in-situ synthesized discontinuous three-dimensional graphene-like network (3D GN) reinforced copper matrix composites. It demonstrates that with the rise of the sintering temperature from 600 °C to 700 °C, the GN distribution changes from intergranular type to intragranular type as a result of the significant improvement in interfacial wettability. Furthermore, the overall mechanical performance (both tensile strength and ductility) of the GN/Cu composites presents an unanticipated declining trend at elevated sintering temperatures. Integrated with microstructure characterization and the theoretical analysis, it is verified that the change of the reinforcement size and its distribution are the dominant factors. Their contributions to the mechanical properties of the composites were also studied in detail.
Egg banks in hypersaline lakes of the South-East Europe

The cyst banks of 6 coastal hypersaline lakes of South-East Europe have been investigated. The study concerned the bottom sediments of Khersonesskoe and Koyashskoe lakes in the Crimea (Ukraine), Nartë saltworks (Albania), Vecchia Salina at Torre Colimena (Apulia, Italy), Pantano Grande and Pantano Roveto at Vendicari (Sicily, Italy). A total of 19 cyst types were recognised. The cyst banks of lakes were found to be well separated in the representation derived from a statistical multivariate data analysis. For all the lakes examined a comparison was possible between the resting community in sediments (cyst bank) and the active one in the water. The cyst banks contained more species than those recorded over a multi-year sampling effort in the water column. The study of cyst hatching, performed on 5 cyst types under lab conditions, demonstrated that cysts do not hatch under the same conditions. Furthermore, each cyst type shows a wide range of preferential hatching conditions, which allow us to confirm the ecological generalism of salt lake species.
PassPoints: Design and longitudinal evaluation of a graphical password system

Computer security depends largely on passwords to authenticate human users. However, users have difficulty remembering passwords over time if they choose a secure password, i.e. a password that is long and random. Therefore, they tend to choose short and insecure passwords. Graphical passwords, which consist of clicking on images rather than typing alphanumeric strings, may help to overcome the problem of creating secure and memorable passwords. In this paper we describe PassPoints, a new and more secure graphical password system. We report an empirical study comparing the use of PassPoints to alphanumeric passwords. Participants created and practiced either an alphanumeric or graphical password. The participants subsequently carried out three longitudinal trials to input their password over the course of 6 weeks. The results show that the graphical password users created a valid password with fewer difficulties than the alphanumeric users. However, the graphical users took longer and made more invalid password inputs than the alphanumeric users while practicing their passwords. In the longitudinal trials the two groups performed similarly on memory of their password, but the graphical group took more time to input a password. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Comprehensive Look at Distance Education in the K – 12 Context

This review provides a comprehensive examination of the literature surrounding the current state of K–12 distance education. The growth in K–12 distance education follows in the footsteps of expanded learning opportunities at all levels of public education and training in corporate environments. Implementation has been accomplished with a limited research base, often drawing from studies in adult distance education and policies adapted from traditional learning environments. This review of literature provides an overview of the field of distance education with a focus on the research conducted in K–12 distance education environments. (
Learning Internet-of-Things Security "Hands-On"

What can you glean from using inexpensive, off-the-shelf parts to create Internet of Things (IoT) use cases? As it turns out, a lot. The fast productization of IoT technologies is leaving users vulnerable to security and privacy risks.
The evolution of ACL reconstruction over the last fifty years

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has evolved considerably over the past 30 years. This has largely been due to a better understanding of ACL anatomy and in particular a precise description of the femoral and tibial insertions of its two bundles. In the 1980s, the gold standard was anteromedial bundle reconstruction using the middle third of the patellar ligament. Insufficient control of rotational laxity led to the development of double bundle ACL reconstruction. This concept, combined with a growing interest in preservation of the ACL remnant, led in turn to selective reconstruction in partial tears, and more recently to biological reconstruction with ACL remnant conservation. Current ACL reconstruction techniques are not uniform, depending on precise analysis of the type of lesion and the aspect of the ACL remnant in the intercondylar notch.
Insulin-treated diabetes is not associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients

INTRODUCTION
This was a planned substudy from the European observational Sepsis Occurrence in Acutely ill Patients (SOAP) study to investigate the possible impact of insulin-treated diabetes on morbidity and mortality in ICU patients.


METHODS
The SOAP study was a cohort, multicenter, observational study which included data from all adult patients admitted to one of 198 participating ICUs from 24 European countries during the study period. For this substudy, patients were classified according to whether or not they had a known diagnosis of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus. Outcome measures included the degree of organ dysfunction/failure as assessed by the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, the occurrence of sepsis syndromes and organ failure in the ICU, hospital and ICU length of stay, and all cause hospital and ICU mortality.


RESULTS
Of the 3147 patients included in the SOAP study, 226 (7.2%) had previously diagnosed insulin-treated diabetes mellitus. On admission, patients with insulin-treated diabetes were older, sicker, as reflected by higher simplified acute physiology system II (SAPS II) and SOFA scores, and more likely to be receiving hemodialysis than the other patients. During the ICU stay, more patients with insulin-treated diabetes required renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis or hemofiltration) than other patients. There were no significant differences in ICU or hospital lengths of stay or in ICU or hospital mortality between patients with or without insulin-treated diabetes. Using a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with hospital mortality censored at 28-days as the dependent factor, insulin-treated diabetes was not an independent predictor of mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
Even though patients with a history of insulin-treated diabetes are more severely ill and more likely to have renal failure, insulin-treated diabetes is not associated with increased mortality in ICU patients.
SO WHAT WILL YOU DO IF STRING THEORY IS WRONG

I briefly discuss the accomplishments of string theory that would survive a complete falsification of the theory as a model of nature and argue the possibility that such a survival may necessarily mean that string theory would become its own discipline, independently of both physics and mathematics.
A novel approach for load balancing in cloud data center

In a large-scale cloud computing environment the cloud data centers and end users are geographically distributed across the globe. The biggest challenge for cloud data centers is how to handle and service the millions of requests that are arriving very frequently from end users efficiently and correctly. In cloud computing, load balancing is required to distribute the dynamic workload evenly across all the nodes. Load balancing helps to achieve a high user satisfaction and resource utilization ratio by ensuring an efficient and fair allocation of every computing resource. Proper load balancing aids in minimizing resource consumption, implementing fail-over, enabling scalability, avoiding bottlenecks and over-provisioning etc. In this paper, we propose “Central Load Balancer” a load balancing algorithm to balance the load among virtual machines in cloud data center. Results show that our algorithm can achieve better load balancing in a large-scale cloud computing environment as compared to previous load balancing algorithms.
The 3D-Modeller: A Multi-Purpose Vision Platform

This paper deals with the concept and implementation of a multi-purpose vision platform. In robotics, numerous applications require perception. A multi-purpose vision platform suited for object recognition, cultural heritage preservation and visual servoing at the same time is missing. In this work, we draw attention to the design principles for such a vision platform. We present its implementation, the 3D-modeller. In specifying and combining multiple sensors, laser-range scanner, laser-stripe profiler and stereo vision, we derive the required mechanical and electrical hardware design. The concepts for synchronization and communication round offs our approach. Precision and frame rate are presented. We illustrate the versatility of the 3D-modeller by addressing four applications: 3D-modeling, exploration, tracking and object recognition. Due to its low weight and generic mechanical interface, it can be mounted on industrial robots, humanoids, or free-handed as well. The 3D-modeller is flexibly applicable, not only in research but also in industry, especially in small batch assembly.
Exposure to trauma: a comparison of cocaine-dependent cases and a community-matched sample.

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to examine rates of traumatic events and PTSD in cocaine-dependent cases and a community comparison sample.


METHODS
Participants were interviewed as part of the Family Study of Cocaine Dependence. A cross-sectional case-cohort design assessed a total of 918 participants: 459 cocaine-dependent cases recruited from chemical dependency treatment and 459 community-based participants. Community-based comparison participants were matched to cocaine-dependent cases on year of birth (within 1 year), ethnicity, gender, and neighborhood (zip code). Participants completed a personal interview modeled after the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA).


RESULTS
Compared to community-based individuals, cocaine-dependent cases recruited from treatment experienced higher rates of assaultive events including rape or sexual assault in women (58% vs. 33%) and threatened with a weapon in men (75% vs. 52%). Cocaine-dependent cases endured significantly more types of trauma than the community-based participants (4.64 vs. 3.08) and PTSD (22.4% and 12.2%). The number of traumatic exposures, witnessing trauma to others, experiencing violent trauma, and being female were predictive of conditional risk of PTSD, even after controlling for cocaine dependence and other demographic factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Cocaine dependence is strongly associated with an increased risk of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD, and experiencing multiple, violent traumas increases the risk of PTSD, regardless of cocaine dependence. The high prevalence of trauma seen in our community-based participants emphasizes the role of violence in the neighborhood and the connection between drug dependence, trauma exposure, and PTSD.
Psychosomatic education: The University of Chicago's program in liaison psychiatry☆

Abstract Psychiatric education for the medical student addresses itself to students' and potential non-psychiatric physicians' needs in identofying and addressing the biopsychosocial aspectsof patient care. The education is best based on the clinical method, using the extended interview to identify the relationship of environmental and social circumstances to the anlage, onset and reactionto illness in the patient. Within this pattern, genetic, epigenetic developmental patterns, earlier illness, behavioral and personality patterns are identified. In addition, family and social variables, including the effects of treatment procedures, hospitalization and interaction with the health team are reviewed. To whatever extent possible, the student is sensitized to this approach at the earliest phase of his(her) education, preferably in the pre-clinical years. The approach is reinforced during the introduction to clinical medicine and physical diagnosis. In the clinical years, individual patient consultations are arranged for students working with medical, surgical, pediatric and obstetrical patients on these services in which they review with patients their illness experiences. This is viewed as both an analytic and synthetic experience having an educational value for the student and a therapeutic one for the patient. Preceptors of such programs need thorough grounding in general and sometimes specialty medical disciplines as well as considerable exposure to psychological, behavioral and psychiatric medicine. Evaluation and support of these programs remain in question and should be addressed in discussion.
Reality versus Propaganda in the Formation of Beliefs about Privatization

Argentina privatized most public utilities during the 1990's but re-nationalized the main water company in 2006. We study beliefs about the benefits of the privatization of water services amongst low and middle income groups immediately after the 2006 nationalization. Negative opinions about the privatization prevail. These are particularly strong amongst households that did not benefit from the privatization and amongst households that were reminded of the government's negative views about the privatization. A person's beliefs of the benefits of the water privatization were almost 30% more negative (relative to other privatizations) if his/her household did not gain access to water after the privatization. Similarly, a person's view of the water privatization (relative to other privatizations) was 16% more negative if he/she was read a vignette with some of the negative statements about the water privatization that Argentina's President expressed during the nationalization process. Interestingly, the effect of the vignette on households that gained water is insignificant, while it is largest (and significant) amongst households that did not gain water during the privatization. This suggests that propaganda was persuasive when it had a basis on reality. Rafael Di Tella Harvard Business School Soldiers Field Rd Boston, MA 02163 and NBER rditella@hbs.edu Sebastian Galiani Washington University in Saint Louis Campus Box 1208 St. Louis MO 63130-4899 galiani@economics.wustl.edu Ernesto Schargrodsky Universidad Torcuato Di Tella eschargr@utdt.edu
No man is an island : Donne's Satires and Satiric Traditions in The English Renaissance.

Les satires de D. dans le contexte du mouvement litteraire. Transformation d'un heritage. Utilisation personnelle des conventions d'un genre. L'A. souligne les aspects traditionnels par rapport aux sources (Juvenal, Horace).