LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Compressed knowledge transfer via factorization machine for heterogeneous collaborative recommendation

Collaborative recommendation has attracted various research works in recent years. However, an important problem setting, i.e., ‘‘a user examined several items but only rated a few’’, has not received much attention yet. We coin this problem heterogeneous collaborative recommendation (HCR) from the perspective of users’ heterogeneous feedbacks of implicit examinations and explicit ratings. In order to fully exploit such different types of feedbacks, we propose a novel and generic solution called compressed knowledge transfer via factorization machine (CKT-FM). Specifically, we assume that the compressed knowledge of user homophily and item correlation, i.e., user groups and item sets behind two types of feedbacks, are similar and then design a two-step transfer learning solution including compressed knowledge mining and integration. Our solution is able to transfer high quality knowledge via noise reduction, to model rich pairwise interactions among individual-level and cluster-level entities, and to adapt the potential inconsistent knowledge from implicit feedbacks to explicit feedbacks. Furthermore, the analysis on time complexity and space complexity shows that our solution is much more efficient than the state-of-the-art method for heterogeneous feedbacks. Extensive empirical studies on two large data sets show that our solution is significantly better than the state-of-the-art non-transfer learning method w.r.t. recommendation accuracy, and is much more efficient than that of leveraging the raw implicit examinations directly instead of compressed knowledge w.r.t. CPU time and memory usage. Hence, our CKT-FM strikes a good balance between effectiveness and efficiency of knowledge transfer in HCR. 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The quest for gender equality and women's empowerment in least developed countries: Policy and strategy implications for achieving millennium development goals in Ethiopia

This paper critically reviewed the gender equality and women’s empowerment endeavors in least developed countries (LDCs) and proposed policy and strategy measures for achieving millennium development goals (MDGs) in Ethiopia. Ethiopian women are economically, socially, culturally and politically disadvantaged in the enjoyment of equal rights, in accessing opportunities, decision-making processes, and basic resources. In other words, although a number of policies are emerging that support and encourage women’s participation in development, women’s access to and control of productive resources, information, training and education, employment and in decision-making are limited. The general objective of this paper is to assess the quest for gender equality and women’s empowerment in least developed countries to achieve MDGs and identify policy and strategy implications for Ethiopia. This paper adapts a human ecological approach and a comprehensive review and analysis of the existing literature was made in order to obtain both theoretical insights and secondary data on the review themes. The collected secondary data and information were qualitatively analyzed through narration and description and presented under relevant themes. The findings of the study reveal that promising efforts are being made by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to address gender equality and women’s empowerment issues in the process of achieving millennium development goals. Nevertheless, a lot has to be done for more effective gender equality and women’s empowerment thereby the millennium development goals (MDGs) and sustainable development objectives will be achieved in Ethiopia. Adaptation of the good practices of gender equality and women’s empowerment from different successful countries, proper implementation of the ratified international conventions on gender equality and women’s empowerment, and development and implementation of appropriate national gender policy will improve the condition of Ethiopian women in the years to come.
Phonetic Ability and Related Anatomy of the Newborn and Adult Human , Neanderthal Man , and the Chimpanzee

The sounds of human speech make human language a rapid medium of communication through a process o f speech “encoding. I t The presence of sounds like the vowels [a] , [ i ] , and [u] makes this process possible. The supralaryngeal vocal tracts o f newborn Homo sapiens and chimpanzee are similar and resemble the reconstructed vocal tract o f the fossil La Chapellmux-Saints Neanderthal man. Vocal tract area functions that were directed toward making best possible approximations to the human vowels [aJ, [ i ] , and ( u ] , as well as certain consonantal configurations, were modeled by means of a computer program. The lack of these vowels in the phonetic repertories of these creatures, who lack a supralaryngeal pharyngeal region like that o f adult Homo sapiens, may be concomitant with the absence of speech encoding and a consequently linguistic ability inferior lo modern man.
Elucidating the fundamental chemistry of soils: past and recent achievements and future frontiers

Contributions in the field of soil chemistry have immensely benefited humankind, including enhanced agricultural production and the quality of our environment. This review focuses on research breakthroughs since the mid-1970s and delineates frontiers in soil chemistry for the upcoming decade. However, early contributions in ion exchange, sorption phenomena, and soil acidity are highlighted. Beginning in the 1970s, soil chemistry paradigms shifted from the chemistry of plant nutrient reactionsrprocesses in soils to studies on environmental soil chemistry. The latter included research on: acid rain effects on soils and waters; trace metalrmetalloid, environmentally important plant nutrient, radionuclide, and organic chemical reaction mechanisms and retention; speciation of soil contaminants using chemical extraction and molecular scale analytical techniques; facilitated colloid transport of metals and organic chemicals; humic substance structure; kinetics of soil chemical processes; redox transformations of contaminants in soils; modeling of soil chemical reactions; and soil remediation. Frontiers in soil chemistry over the next decade will undoubtedly involve the use of advanced in situ technologies in combination with interdisciplinary research efforts to unlock important information on: speciation of contaminants in soils; cycling of trace elements and nutrients and impacts on global climate change; development of models to accurately predict the rate, fate, and transport of contaminants in the subsurface environment; elucidation of mechanisms for microbial transformations of contaminants; unraveling the precise structure of soil organic matter; and enhanced understanding of rhizosphere chemistry. In summary, the future of soil chemistry is bright for the 21st century. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Time of fusion of epiphyses at the elbow and wrist joints in girls of northwest India.

A radiological examination of both elbows and wrists of 149 Northwest Indian schoolgirls between the ages of 11 and 19 years, of middle socio-economic status, was undertaken to determine the time of fusion of the epiphyses with the metaphyses of the medial epicondyle of the humerus, the proximal end of the radius and the distal ends of both radius and ulna. The data were subjected to discriminant function tests as well as sensitivity and specificity tests. If the epiphysis of the medial epicondyle of the humerus or that of the head of the radius has not fused with metaphysis completely, the age of the girl would be < 16 years. However, the age of the girl should be > 16 years if the distal epiphyses of the radius and the ulna show complete fusion with their respective metaphyses. Discriminant function tests show that 91.95% of girls can be correctly classified as being above or below the age of 16 years.
Cooperative communication with regenerative relays for cognitive radio networks

Cognitive radios hold tremendous promise for increasing spectral efficiency in wireless systems. In cognitive radio networks, secondary users equipped with frequency-agile cognitive radios communicate with one another via spectrum that is not being used by the primary, licensed users of the spectrum. We consider a cooperative communication scenario in which a secondary transmitter can communicate with a secondary receiver via a direct communication link or a relay channel, depending on the state of a primary transmitter. We develop a decode-and-forward transmission strategy that exploits the presence of spectrum holes both in time and in space. A strategy based on pure temporal sensing alone uses the direct link when the primary transmitter is off, whereas a scheme based on spatial sensing alone uses the relay channel. Our numerical results show that the proposed scheme, employing joint spatial-temporal sensing, significantly reduces the average symbol error probability compared to schemes based on pure temporal or pure spatial sensing.
Similar image searching from image database using cluster mean sorting and performance estimation

Computer vision field over the last decades, Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems are used in order to search, retrieve and browse image from databases. This accumulation of large collections of digital images has created the need for efficient and intelligent schemes for classifying and retrieval of images. In our proposed method, we are using, Clustering Algorithms for retrieving the images from huge volumes of data with better performance. This requires image processing, feature extraction, classification of images and retrieval steps in order to develop an efficient image retrieval system. In this work, processing is done through the image clustering method [1] which is used for feature extraction which is taken place. For retrieval of images, mean values are calculated between Query image and database images and all clustered mean values are considered as a sorted order. When the comparisons are allowed between the images, in our observation we founded excellent performance and similarities in between images. The main aim of this work is to extract images with good similarity when the images are retrieved based on query image.
Age-Associated Changes in Monocyte and Innate Immune Activation Markers Occur More Rapidly in HIV Infected Women

BACKGROUND
Aging is associated with immune dysfunction and the related development of conditions with an inflammatory pathogenesis. Some of these immune changes are also observed in HIV infection, but the interaction between immune changes with aging and HIV infection are unknown. Whilst sex differences in innate immunity are recognized, little research into innate immune aging has been performed on women.


METHODS
This cross-sectional study of HIV positive and negative women used whole blood flow cytometric analysis to characterize monocyte and CD8(+) T cell subsets. Plasma markers of innate immune activation were measured using standard ELISA-based assays.


RESULTS
HIV positive women exhibited elevated plasma levels of the innate immune activation markers CXCL10 (p<0.001), soluble CD163 (sCD163, p = 0.001), sCD14 (p = 0.022), neopterin (p = 0.029) and an increased proportion of CD16(+) monocytes (p = 0.009) compared to uninfected controls. Levels of the innate immune aging biomarkers sCD163 and the proportion of CD16(+) monocytes were equivalent to those observed in HIV negative women aged 14.5 and 10.6 years older, respectively. CXCL10 increased with age at an accelerated rate in HIV positive women (p = 0.002) suggesting a synergistic effect between HIV and aging on innate immune activation. Multivariable modeling indicated that age-related increases in innate immune biomarkers CXCL10 and sCD163 are independent of senescent changes in CD8(+) T lymphocytes.


CONCLUSIONS
Quantifying the impact of HIV on immune aging reveals that HIV infection in women confers the equivalent of a 10-14 year increase in the levels of innate immune aging markers. These changes may contribute to the increased risk of inflammatory age-related diseases in HIV positive women.
Communication and Strong Compositionality

1. Cognitive and epistemic asymmetry Suppose that you are given the task of translating ten words from English to Swedish. You know English and you don’t know Swedish, but you have an English-Swedish dictionary. Given the dictionary, you easily accomplish what was asked for. But then you are given a more difficult task. You are now to translate ten new words from Swedish to English, say ‘låtsas’, ‘dimma’, ‘ofog’, ‘färdig’, ‘dumheter’, ‘glömska’, ‘om’, ‘springa’, ‘tryck’, and ‘tillbringare’. The reason this is more difficult is that you have to do it with the same tool as last time, the English-Swedish dictionary. The dictionary contains all translation pairs you need, but they are listed alphabetically according to the English members of the pairs. So you know where to find any English word in the list, but you don’t know where to find the Swedish words (unless you already know the translation, which you don’t). So in order to find the translation of ‘ofog’ you simply have to search through the dictionary, in whatever order you prefer, until you happen to find the word. You don’t know how long it will take. Because of this, the dictionary translation method is cognitively asymmetric. It defines a relation between the Swedish and English vocabularies, but it provides an efficient (e.g. as measured by average time needed) method only for one direction, not for the other. The hypothesis that a bilingual speaker’s translation capacity is subserved by a mental English-Swedish dictionary can explain the speaker’s ability of English-Swedish translation, but it cannot explain his ability of Swedish-English translation. We can make things worse by two changes to this scenario. Suppose, first, that the list of words is infinite1, and, second, that the strings of letters you are served need not be part of the vocabulary. In the English-to-Swedish task the increase in difficulty is not great. Given an arbitrary string of letters you know where to find it: if there is no such string at the determined position, it isn’t a word in the English vocabulary. Hence, you have a decision method for determining wordhood, and what the translation is, if the word exists. By contrast, in the Swedish-to-English task, where you don’t know where in the list to find the string, you only know that if there is a word, and you search systematically, you will sooner or later find it, even though not when. If the string (e.g. ‘bab’)
A multi-stage model of word-of-mouth influence through viral marketing☆

Article history: With the growth and evolu First received in February 6, 2005 and was under review for 9 months
Global Inference for Bridging Anaphora Resolution

We present the first work on antecedent selection for bridging resolution without restrictions on anaphor or relation types. Our model integrates global constraints on top of a rich local feature set in the framework of Markov logic networks. The global model improves over the local one and both strongly outperform a reimplementation of prior work.
Comparable efficacy and safety profiles of once-per-cycle pegfilgrastim and daily injection filgrastim in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia: a multicenter dose-finding study in women with breast cancer.

BACKGROUND
Neutropenia is common in patients receiving myelotoxic chemotherapy. Pegfilgrastim, a sustained-duration filgrastim is a once-per-cycle therapy for prophylactic neutrophil support.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Women, treated with four cycles of doxorubicin/docetaxel chemotherapy every 21 days, received pegfilgrastim or filgrastim 24 h after chemotherapy as a single subcutaneous injection per chemotherapy cycle (pegfilgrastim 30, 60 or 100 microg/kg) or daily subcutaneous injections (filgrastim 5 microg/kg/day). Safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics were analyzed.


RESULTS
The incidence of grade 4 neutropenia in cycle 1 was 95, 90 and 74%, in patients who received pegfilgrastim 30, 60 and 100 microg/kg, respectively, and 76% in patients who received filgrastim. Mean duration of grade 4 neutropenia in cycle 1 was 2.7,2 and 1.3 days for doses of pegfilgrastim, and 1.6 days for filgrastim. The pharmacokinetics of pegfilgrastim were non-linear and dependent on both dose and neutrophil count. Pegfilgrastim serum concentration was sustained until the neutrophil nadir occurred then declined rapidly as neutrophils started to recover, consistent with a self-regulating neutrophil-mediated clearance mechanism. The safety profiles of pegfilgrastim and filgrastim were similar.


CONCLUSIONS
A single subcutaneous injection of pegfilgrastim 100 microg/kg provided neutrophil support and a safety profile comparable to daily subcutaneous injections of filgrastim during multiple chemotherapy cycles.
Agent-based Simulation Platforms: Review and Development Recommendations

Five software platforms for scientific agent-based models (ABMs) were reviewed by implementing example models in each. NetLogo is the highest-level platform, providing a simple yet powerful programming language, built-in graphical interfaces, and comprehensive documentation. It is designed primarily for ABMs of mobile individuals with local interactions in a grid space, but not necessarily clumsy for others. NetLogo is highly recommended, even for prototyping complex models. MASON, Repast, and Swarm are “framework and library” platforms, providing a conceptual framework for organizing and designing ABMs and corresponding software libraries. MASON is least mature and designed with execution speed a high priority. The Objective-C version of Swarm is the most mature library platform and is stable and well-organized. Objective-C seems more natural than Java for ABMs but weak error-handling and the lack of developer tools are drawbacks. Java Swarm allows Swarm’s Objective-C libraries to be called from Java; it does not seem to combine advantages of the two languages well. Repast provides Swarm-like functions in a Java library and is a good choice for many, but parts of its organization and design could be improved. A rough comparison of execution speed found MASON and Repast usually fastest (MASON 135% faster than Repast), Swarm (including Objective-C) fastest for simple models but slowest for complex ones, and NetLogo intermediate. Recommendations include completing the documentation (for all platforms except NetLogo), strengthening conceptual frameworks, providing better tools for statistical output and automating simulation experiments, simplifying common tasks, and researching technologies for understanding how simulation results arise.
Personalized and mobile digital TV applications

The introduction of mobile and broadband networks in complement to the existing satellite, cable, and terrestrial platforms, opens new opportunities for interactive TV (ITV) applications. In addition, the widespread adoption of multimedia computing has enabled the processing of TV content on personal devices such as mobile phones and PCs. The above developments raise novel issues and require the adoption of new multimedia standards and application frameworks. In particular, the explosion in the amount of available TV channels over digital television platforms (broadcast or internet protocol) makes searching and locating interesting content a cumbersome task. In this context, personalization research is concerned with the adaptation of content (e.g. movies, news, advertisements). Personalization is achieved with the employment of algorithms and data collection schemes that predict and recommend to television viewers content that match their interests. In addition, the distribution of TV content to mobile devices over broadband wireless raises the issue of video quality. Video quality depends on many aspects of the video encoding systems, such as bit rate and algorithms that model human perception of video on small screens. In this article, we examine contemporary research in personalized and mobile digital TV applications. Moreover, we present a critical survey of the most prominent research and provide directions for further research in personalized and mobile digital TV (DTV) applications.
MAIT Cell Recognition of MR1 on Bacterially Infected and Uninfected Cells

Mucosal-associated invariant T cells are a unique population of T cells that express a semi-invariant αβ TCR and are restricted by the MHC class I-related molecule MR1. MAIT cells recognize uncharacterized ligand(s) presented by MR1 through the cognate interaction between their TCR and MR1. To understand how the MAIT TCR recognizes MR1 at the surface of APCs cultured both with and without bacteria, we undertook extensive mutational analysis of both the MAIT TCR and MR1 molecule. We found differential contribution of particular amino acids to the MAIT TCR-MR1 interaction based upon the presence of bacteria, supporting the hypothesis that the structure of the MR1 molecules with the microbial-derived ligand(s) differs from the one with the endogenous ligand(s). Furthermore, we demonstrate that microbial-derived ligand(s) is resistant to proteinase K digestion and does not extract with common lipids, suggesting an unexpected class of antigen(s) might be recognized by this unique lymphocyte population.
Improving periodontal outcomes: merging clinical and behavioral science.

New data indicate that periodontal diseases are much more prevalent than previously thought, which means that there are large numbers of patients who will need to be diagnosed and treated for periodontal disease in a general dental practice. Oral hygiene procedures performed by patients between office visits are important for gingival health. No particular type of toothbrush has consistently been shown to have superior plaque-removal ability over another. Although studies on powered brushes have shown evidence for efficacy of biofilm removal and increased patient compliance, they are of short duration, making evaluation of long-term effects difficult to achieve. Interdental cleaning with dental floss can be effective but it is technique-sensitive. Interdental brushes have been shown to be superior to floss in plaque index scores, but not in gingival inflammation reduction. A systematic review of oral irrigation reported a beneficial adjunctive effect on bleeding and gingival indices and pocket depth. Antimicrobials in mouthrinses and toothpastes have shown significant reductions in plaque and gingivitis when used correctly. Even though it is considered essential for patients to utilize biofilm-removal techniques on a frequent basis, studies on adherence show that approximately 30-60% of health information is forgotten within 1 h, and 50% of health recommendations are not followed. Incorporating psychosocial aspects of behavioral change, including well-established counseling strategies, such as motivational interviewing, may elicit improved patient outcomes.