LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced prefrontal function with pharmacotherapy on a response inhibition task in adolescent bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of the current study is to determine whether pharmacotherapy normalizes cognitive circuitry function supporting voluntary behavioral inhibition in adolescent bipolar disorder.


METHOD
Healthy controls and unmedicated patients with DSM-IV adolescent bipolar disorder in manic, mixed, or hypomanic episodes were matched on demographics and IQ (n = 13 per group; mean age = 14.4 ± 2.4 years). Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed at baseline and after 14 weeks, during which time patients with adolescent bipolar disorder were treated initially with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) followed by lamotrigine monotherapy. The primary outcome measure was a Response Inhibition Task, which involved a planned motor response, already "on the way" to execution, that had to be voluntarily inhibited by the subjects in the trials in which a stop signal was presented. There were 6 blocks, each with a predominant rate of either "go" or "stop" trials. The study was conducted from June 2006 through July 2009.


RESULTS
All patients showed significant improvement (P < .001) in both the manic and depressive symptoms from baseline. Behavioral data showed that accuracy improved over 14 weeks in patients and healthy controls. Significant time by group interaction effects for the difference between stop versus go blocks showed greater increases of activation in prefrontal (left inferior and middle frontal gyri and medial frontal gyrus bilaterally) and temporal (left superior temporal gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus) regions and greater decreases in activation in right putamen and bilateral thalamus at follow-up in the adolescent bipolar disorder group than in healthy controls. Increased ventrolateral prefrontal cortex function was related to clinical treatment response.


CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with SGAs followed by lamotrigine monotherapy enhanced prefrontal and temporal lobe activity during a Response Inhibition Task demonstrating the reversal of disorder-relevant neural circuitry dysfunction in patients with adolescent bipolar disorder. Patient performance was not slowed down with this treatment regimen.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00176228.
The Acquisition of Reading Comprehension Skill

How do people acquire skill at comprehending what they read? That is the simple question to which we shall try to make a tentative answer. To begin, we have to acknowledge some complexities about the concept of reading comprehension and what it means to develop it.
Cluster Regularized Quantization for Deep Networks Compression

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved great success in a wide range of computer vision areas, but the applications to mobile devices is limited due to their high storage and computational cost. Much efforts have been devoted to compress DNNs. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method for deep networks compression, named Cluster Regularized Quantization (CRQ), which can reduce the presentation precision of a full-precision model to ternary values without significant accuracy drop. In particular, the proposed method aims at reducing the quantization error by introducing a cluster regularization term, which is imposed on the full-precision weights to enable them naturally concentrate around the target values. Through explicitly regularizing the weights during the re-training stage, the full-precision model can achieve the smooth transition to the low-bit one. Comprehensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effect of an Oral Hygienic Care Program for Stroke Patients in the Intensive Care Unit

PURPOSE
The effects of an oral hygienic care program (OHCP) have been reported in several diseases. However, no study exists investigating the influence of an OHCP on stroke patients or patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been reported, thus we sought to investigate the potential effect of an OHCP.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty-six consecutive stroke patients who were admitted to the ICU were randomly assigned to two groups: the intervention (29 patients) and control groups (27 patients). The OHCP included tooth brushing with an inter-dental brush and tongue cleaner and cleaning with chlorhexidine was administered to patients by one dentist once per day during admission in the ICU (mean, 2.2 weeks). The plague index, gingival index, clinical attachment loss, and colonization degree of candida albicans were assessed.


RESULTS
After OHCP, the plaque index, gingival index, and colonization degree of candida albicans in saliva showed a significant decrease in the intervention group compared to those of the control group (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in clinical attachment loss and the colonization degree of candida albicans on the tongue (p>0.05).


CONCLUSION
Our OHCP was effective in improving the oral hygienic status and periodontal health of stroke patients during their stay in the ICU. Therefore, we recommend administration of the OHCP for stroke patients during their stay in the ICU.
Design and Motion Planning of Indoor Pipeline Inspection Robot

41  Abstract— This project deals with a design and motion planning algorithm of a caterpillar-based pipeline robot that can be used for inspection of 80–100-mm pipelines in an indoor pipeline environment. The robot system consists of a Robot body, a control system, a CMOS camera, an accelerometer, a temperature sensor, a ZigBee module. The robot module will be designed with the help of CAD tool. The control system consists of Atmega16 micro controller and Atmel studio IDE. The robot system uses a differential drive to steer the robot and spring loaded four-bar mechanisms to assure that the robot expands to have grip of the pipe walls. Unique features of this robot are the caterpillar wheel, the four-bar mechanism supports the well grip of wall, a simple and easy user interface.
Tooth wear treated with direct composite restorations at an increased vertical dimension: results at 30 months.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Severe tooth wear localized to the anterior maxillary or mandibular teeth with loss of interocclusal space is difficult to manage.


PURPOSE
This study evaluated the outcome of composite restorations placed at an increased vertical dimension of occlusion in such patients.


METHODS AND MATERIAL
Sixteen patients were restored with 104 restorations in 2 groups. In group A, Durafill composite and Scotchbond Multipurpose dentine adhesive system were used to place direct anterior restorations (N = 52). In group B, Herculite XRV composite and Optibond dentine bonding agent was used (N = 52). The restorations were placed at an increased vertical dimension of occlusion creating a posterior disclusion of 1 to 4 mm.


RESULTS
Clinical follow-up showed that the posterior occlusion remained satisfactorily restored after a mean duration of 4.6 months (range 1 to 11 months). Mean follow-up of 30 months has shown a combined success rate of 89.4% for both groups with 93 of the restorations remaining in service. Maintenance in group A was high with 33 failures, but low in group B with 6 failures. Patient satisfaction was reported as good.


CONCLUSION
Direct composite restorations may be a treatment option for localized anterior tooth wear.
Modeling roles of subjective norms and eTrust in customers ’ acceptance of airline B 2 C eCommerce websites

Airline companies have increasingly employed electronic commerce (eCommerce) for strategic purposes, most notably in order to achieve long-term competitive advantage and global competitiveness by enhancing customer satisfaction as well as marketing efficacy and managerial efficiency. eCommerce has now emerged as possibly the most representative distribution channel in the airline industry. In this study, we describe an extended technology acceptance model (TAM), which integrates subjective norms and electronic trust (eTrust) into the model, in order to determine their relevance to the acceptance of airline business-to-customer (B2C) eCommerce websites (AB2CEWS). The proposed research model was tested empirically using data collected from a survey of customers who had utilized B2C eCommerce websites of two representative airline companies in South Korea (i.e., KAL and ASIANA) for the purpose of purchasing air tickets. Path analysis was employed in order to assess the significance and strength of the hypothesized causal relationships between subjective norms, eTrust, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude toward use, and intention to reuse. Our results provide general support for an extended TAM, and also confirmed its robustness in predicting customers’ intention to reuse AB2CEWS. Valuable information was found from our results regarding the management of AB2CEWS in the formulation of airlines’ Internet marketing strategies. 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Medication Errors in an Emergency Department in a Large Teaching Hospital in Tehran

Medication errors have important effects on increased length of hospitalization, increased mortality and costs. We assessed the incidence of medication errors and characterize the error types in an emergency department in a large teaching hospital in Tehran. We also investigated the effect of Emergency Department pharmacists on patient safety with regard to recovery of potentially harmful medication errors. The study was conducted in the 24 bed emergency department from February to March, 2010 at a 600-bed teaching hospital. Two hospital pharmacists and two clinical pharmacy residents observed care provision and collected data on medication errors. Demographic data, type of medication error, the recorded stage of error, date and time of occurrence and report, who made the error, probability of error were recorded from medical records. We used chi-squared and independent sample t- tests for analyzing the data. We recorded 203 medication errors during 180 hours. The incidence of medication errors was 50.5% at various levels in the emergency department. Significant difference in age means was seen between the patients with and without medication errors. Seventy four point nine percent of errors were recorded as definitely an error. Most recorded errors were made by nurses (44.5%) and occurred in administrating stage (63.6%). Given that the rate of the errors was relatively high, it seems that the presence of clinical pharmacist can be beneficial.
Association of Serum Level of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 with Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis are associated with high mortality worldwide. Currently, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is used as a standard serum marker for the detection of HCC, but its sensitivity and specificity are unsatisfactory, and optimal diagnostic markers for cirrhosis are lacking. We previously reported that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was significantly induced in HCV-infected hepatocytes. This study aimed to investigate GDF15 expression and its correlation with hepatitis virus-related liver diseases. A total of 412 patients with various liver diseases were studied. Healthy and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected subjects were included as controls. Serum and tissue GDF15 levels were measured. Serum GDF15 levels were significantly increased in patients with HCC (6.66±0.67 ng/mL, p<0.0001) and cirrhosis (6.51±1.47 ng/mL, p<0.0001) compared with healthy controls (0.31±0.01 ng/mL), though the GDF15 levels in HBV and HCV carriers were moderately elevated (1.34±0.19 ng/mL and 2.13±0.53 ng/mL, respectively). Compared with HBV or HCV carriers, GDF15 had a sensitivity of 63.1% and a specificity of 86.6% at the optimal cut-off point of 2.463 ng/mL in patients with liver cirrhosis or HCC. In HCC patients, the area under the receiver operating curve was 0.84 for GDF15 and 0.76 for AFP, but 0.91 for the combined GDF15 and AFP. Serum GDF15 levels did not significantly differ between the high-AFP and low-AFP groups. GDF15 protein expression in HCC was significantly higher than that in the corresponding adjacent paracarcinomatous tissue and normal liver. Using a combination of GDF15 and AFP will improve the sensitivity and specificity of HCC diagnosis. Further research and the clinical implementation of serum GDF15 measurement as a biomarker for HCC and cirrhosis are recommended.
International variability in 20 m shuttle run performance in children and youth: who are the fittest from a 50-country comparison? A systematic literature review with pooling of aggregate results.

OBJECTIVES
To describe and compare 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) performance among children and youth across 50 countries; to explore broad socioeconomic indicators that correlate with 20mSRT performance in children and youth across countries and to evaluate the utility of the 20mSRT as an international population health indicator for children and youth.


METHODS
A systematic review was undertaken to identify papers that explicitly reported descriptive 20mSRT (with 1-min stages) data on apparently healthy 9-17 year-olds. Descriptive data were standardised to running speed (km/h) at the last completed stage. Country-specific 20mSRT performance indices were calculated as population-weighted mean z-scores relative to all children of the same age and sex from all countries. Countries were categorised into developed and developing groups based on the Human Development Index, and a correlational analysis was performed to describe the association between country-specific performance indices and broad socioeconomic indicators using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.


RESULTS
Performance indices were calculated for 50 countries using collated data on 1 142 026 children and youth aged 9-17 years. The best performing countries were from Africa and Central-Northern Europe. Countries from South America were consistently among the worst performing countries. Country-specific income inequality (Gini index) was a strong negative correlate of the performance index across all 50 countries.


CONCLUSIONS
The pattern of variability in the performance index broadly supports the theory of a physical activity transition and income inequality as the strongest structural determinant of health in children and youth. This simple and cost-effective assessment would be a powerful tool for international population health surveillance.
Infrastructure tradeoffs for sensor networks

In a sensor network, the infrastructure (in terms of the sensor capabilities, number of sensors, and deployment strategy) plays a significant role in determining the performance of the network. In this paper, we study the effect of infrastructure decisions on the performance of a sensor network. We study the effect of the infrastructure for two types of network delivery models (phenomenon driven and continuous) and different network protocols (DSR, DSDV and AODV). We show the performance both in terms of network efficiency as well as meeting the application accuracy and latency demands. By exploring the criteria for effective infrastructure configurations, we open the door for network optimizations that control the effective topology to better achieve the application requirements.
Data Exchange Platform to Fight Insurance Fraud on Blockchain

The Paper introduces the concept of Blockchain and its application in sharing fraud intelligence data in Insurance marketplace.
Part 1: Simple Definition and Calculation of Accuracy, Sensitivity and Specificity

Introduction: mergency physicians, like other specialists, are faced with different patients and various situations every day. They have to use ancillary diagnostic tools like laboratory tests and imaging studies to be able to manage them (1-8). In most cases, numerous tests are available. Tests with the least error and the most accuracy are more desirable. The power of a test to separate patients from healthy people determines its accuracy and diagnostic value (9). Therefore, a test with 100% accuracy should be the first choice. This does not happen in reality as the accuracy of a test varies for different diseases and in different situations. For example, the value of D-dimer for diagnosing pulmonary embolism varies based on pre-test probability. It shows high accuracy in low risk patient and low accuracy in high risk ones. The characteristics of a test that reflects the aforementioned abilities are accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and positive and negative likelihood ratios (9-11). In this educational review, we will simply define and calculate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of a hypothetical test. Definitions: Patient: positive for disease Healthy: negative for disease True positive (TP) = the number of cases correctly identified as patient False positive (FP) = the number of cases incorrectly identified as patient True negative (TN) = the number of cases correctly identified as healthy False negative (FN) = the number of cases incorrectly identified as healthy Accuracy: The accuracy of a test is its ability to differentiate the patient and healthy cases correctly. To estimate the accuracy of a test, we should calculate the proportion of true positive and true negative in all evaluated cases. Mathematically, this can be stated as: Accuracy = TP + TN
Bilateral subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease by using three-dimensional stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological guidance.

OBJECT
Several methods are used for stereotactically guided implantation of electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for continuous high-frequency stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). The authors present a stereotactic magnetic resonance (MR) method relying on three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted images for surgical planning and multiplanar T2-weighted images for direct visualization of the STN, coupled with electrophysiological recording and stimulation guidance.


METHODS
Twelve patients with advanced PD were enrolled in this study of bilateral STN implantation. Both STNs were visible as 3D ovoid biconvex hypointense structures located in the upper mesencephalon. The coordinates of the centers of the STNs were determined with reference to the patient's anterior commissure-posterior commissure line by using a new landmark, the anterior border of the red nucleus. Electrophysiological monitoring through five parallel tracks was performed simultaneously to define the functional target accurately. Microelectrode recording identified high-frequency, spontaneous, movement-related activity and tremor-related cells within the STNs. Acute STN macrostimulation improved contralateral rigidity and akinesia, suppressed tremor when present, and could induce dyskinesias. The central track, which was directed at the predetermined target by using MR imaging, was selected for implantation of 19 of 24 electrodes. No surgical complications were noted.


CONCLUSIONS
At evaluation 6 months after surgery, continuous STN stimulation was shown to have improved parkinsonian motor disability by 64% and 78% in the "off' and "on" medication states, respectively. Antiparkinsonian drug treatment was reduced by 70% in 10 patients and withdrawn in two patients. The severity of levodopa-induced dyskinesias was reduced by 83% and motor fluctuations by 88%. Continuous high-frequency stimulation of the STN applied through electrodes implanted with the aid of 3D MR imaging and electrophysiological guidance is a safe and effective therapy for patients suffering from severe, advanced levodopa-responsive PD.
The Rise of Consumer Health Wearables: Promises and Barriers

Will consumer wearable technology ever be adopted or accepted by the medical community? Patients and practitioners regularly use digital technology (e.g., thermometers and glucose monitors) to identify and discuss symptoms. In addition, a third of general practitioners in the United Kingdom report that patients arrive with suggestions for treatment based on online search results [1]. However, consumer health wearables are predicted to become the next “Dr Google.”One in six (15%) consumers in the United States currently uses wearable technology, including smartwatches or fitness bands. While 19 million fitness devices are likely to be sold this year, that number is predicted to grow to 110 million in 2018 [2]. As the line between consumer health wearables and medical devices begins to blur, it is now possible for a single wearable device to monitor a range of medical risk factors (Fig 1). Potentially, these devices could give patients direct access to personal analytics that can contribute to their health, facilitate preventive care, and aid in the management of ongoing illness. However, how this new wearable technology might best serve medicine remains unclear.
Finite-Control Set Model Predictive Control Method for Torque Control of Induction Motors Using a State Tracking Cost Index

This paper presents a novel torque control method for two-level-inverter-fed induction motor drives. The control principle is based on a finite-control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) using a state tracking cost index. In the online procedure of the proposed FCS-MPC, the optimal voltage vector and its corresponding optimal modulation factor are determined based on the principle of torque and rotor flux error minimization. In this method, a reference state is determined in a systematic way so that the reference torque tracking with maximum torque per ampere and flux-limited operation could be achieved. In addition, a weighting matrix for the state tracking error is optimized in offline using the linear matrix inequality based optimization problem. The efficacy of the proposed FCS-MPC method is proved by the simulation and experimental results at different working circumstances. The comparison of the presented control system with the conventional FCS-MPC and with other reported FCS-MPC with modulation control is made. The proposed algorithm yields fast dynamic performance and minimum torque and current ripples at different speed and torque levels.
Integration of type-2 fuzzy clustering and wavelet transform in a neural network based ECG classifier

0957-4174/$ see front matter 2010 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2010.07.118 * Corresponding author. Address: Department o Engineering, Selcuk University, Engineering and Archi Turkey. Tel.: +90 332 223 20 35; fax: +90 332 241 06 E-mail addresses: yozbay@mevlana.edu.tr (Y. Özba Ceylan), bkarlik@mevlana.edu.tr (B. Karlik). This paper presents a new automated diagnostic system to classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) arrhythmias. The diagnostic system is executed using type-2 fuzzy c-means clustering (T2FCM) algorithm, wavelet transform (WT) and neural network. Method of combining T2FCM and WT is used to improve performance of neural network. We aimed high accuracy rate to classification of ECG beats and constituted the automated diagnostic system to improve of classifier’s performance. Ten types of ECG beats selected from MIT-BIH database were used to train the system. Then, this system was tested by the ECG signals of patients. The classification accuracy of the proposed classifier, type-2 fuzzy clustering wavelet neural network (T2FCWNN), is compared with the structures formed by type-1 FCM and WT. Process of T2FCWNN architecture is realized on three stages. First stage is formed the new training set obtained by selection of the best segments for each arrhythmia class using T2FCM. Second stage is feature extraction by WT on the new training set. Third stage is classification of the extracted features using neural network. The research showed that accuracy rate was found as 99% using this system. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.