LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A web-based virtual laboratory for monitoring physical infrastructure

In this thesis, the design and implementation of a virtual laboratory for monitoring realworld physical infrastructure over the Internet are described. In particular, the implementation of such a remote laboratory to monitor the deformation under lateral wind loading of a flagpole at the MIT campus is considered. This project is one of several web-accessible remote laboratories that are part of Project I-Campus at MIT. In the first chapter, the motivation, objectives and educational benefits of such a monitoring laboratory are described. Remote virtual laboratories such as the one discussed in this thesis can provide an effective means for illustrating concepts in structural dynamics and signal processing and can be used to expose students to advances in sensor technology. They can also serve as ideal design and test platforms for active control algorithms. In the next chapter, a brief overview of the hardware aspects of this remote monitoring project, namely the sensors, data acquisition units and wirelessnetworking components is given. The next three chapters discuss the three main software components of this effort: programs that collect and disseminate data, those that archive the data and clients that process real-time and archived data in many ways. The sixth chapter describes some of the educational tools and simulations that have been developed as part of this virtual laboratory and discusses how they can be used in a classroom setting. The final chapter summarizes the thesis and provides directions for further research. Thesis Supervisor: Prof. Kevin Amaratunga Title: Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Difficult Intubation Factors in Prehospital Rapid Sequence Intubation by an Australian Helicopter Emergency Medical Service.

OBJECTIVE
Prehospital rapid sequence intubation (RSI) of critically ill trauma patients is a high-risk procedure that may be associated with an increased rate of severe complications such as failed intubation, failure of oxygenation, hypoxia, hypotension, or need for surgical airway. The objective of this study was to describe the factors associated with difficult intubation in prehospital RSI as defined by more than a single look at laryngoscopy to achieve tracheal intubation.


METHODS
This is an observational study using prospectively collected data.


RESULTS
Four hundred forty-three RSIs were performed. Paramedics were the initial laryngoscopist in 290 (65.5%). First-look laryngoscopy resulted in successful tracheal intubation (TI) in 372 (84.0%) (95% confidence interval, 80.3%-87.1%). Intubation was achieved on second look at laryngoscopy in 58 (13.1%). "First-pass" TI was achieved in 394 (88.9%). Overall, successful TI was achieved in 438 (98.9%) (95% confidence interval, 97.4%-99.5%). Complications occurred in 116 (26.2%), with desaturation the commonest in 77 (17.4%).


CONCLUSION
Factors associated with more than 1 look at laryngoscopy before TI included paramedic laryngoscopist and the presence of at least 1 of the following indicators: blood/vomitus in the airway, limited mouth opening, and limited neck movement. Trauma to face/neck, obese body habitus, C-spine precautions, cricoid pressure, midline stabilization, and intubation on the ground did not influence the level of difficulty encountered.
Symptom recognition and healthcare experiences of young women with acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND
Prompt recognition of acute myocardial infarction symptoms and timely care-seeking behavior are critical to optimize acute medical therapies. Relatively little is known about the symptom presentation and care-seeking experiences of women aged ≤55 years with acute myocardial infarction, a group shown to have increased mortality risk as compared with similarly aged men. Understanding symptom recognition and experiences engaging the healthcare system may provide opportunities to reduce delays and improve acute care for this population.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We conducted a qualitative study using in-depth interviews with 30 women (aged 30-55 years) hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction to explore their experiences with prodromal symptoms and their decision-making process to seek medical care. Five themes characterized their experiences: (1) prodromal symptoms varied substantially in both nature and duration; (2) they inaccurately assessed personal risk of heart disease and commonly attributed symptoms to noncardiac causes; (3) competing and conflicting priorities influenced decisions about seeking acute care; (4) the healthcare system was not consistently responsive to them, resulting in delays in workup and diagnosis; and (5) they did not routinely access primary care, including preventive care for heart disease.


CONCLUSIONS
Participants did not accurately assess their cardiovascular risk, reported poor preventive health behaviors, and delayed seeking care for symptoms, suggesting that differences in both prevention and acute care may be contributing to young women's elevated acute myocardial infarction mortality relative to men. Identifying factors that promote better cardiovascular knowledge, improved preventive health care, and prompt care-seeking behaviors represent important target for this population.
Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study.

BACKGROUND
The relationship of health risk behavior and disease in adulthood to the breadth of exposure to childhood emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, and household dysfunction during childhood has not previously been described.


METHODS
A questionnaire about adverse childhood experiences was mailed to 13,494 adults who had completed a standardized medical evaluation at a large HMO; 9,508 (70.5%) responded. Seven categories of adverse childhood experiences were studied: psychological, physical, or sexual abuse; violence against mother; or living with household members who were substance abusers, mentally ill or suicidal, or ever imprisoned. The number of categories of these adverse childhood experiences was then compared to measures of adult risk behavior, health status, and disease. Logistic regression was used to adjust for effects of demographic factors on the association between the cumulative number of categories of childhood exposures (range: 0-7) and risk factors for the leading causes of death in adult life.


RESULTS
More than half of respondents reported at least one, and one-fourth reported > or = 2 categories of childhood exposures. We found a graded relationship between the number of categories of childhood exposure and each of the adult health risk behaviors and diseases that were studied (P < .001). Persons who had experienced four or more categories of childhood exposure, compared to those who had experienced none, had 4- to 12-fold increased health risks for alcoholism, drug abuse, depression, and suicide attempt; a 2- to 4-fold increase in smoking, poor self-rated health, > or = 50 sexual intercourse partners, and sexually transmitted disease; and 1.4- to 1.6-fold increase in physical inactivity and severe obesity. The number of categories of adverse childhood exposures showed a graded relationship to the presence of adult diseases including ischemic heart disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, skeletal fractures, and liver disease. The seven categories of adverse childhood experiences were strongly interrelated and persons with multiple categories of childhood exposure were likely to have multiple health risk factors later in life.


CONCLUSIONS
We found a strong graded relationship between the breadth of exposure to abuse or household dysfunction during childhood and multiple risk factors for several of the leading causes of death in adults.
N-Acetylcysteine does not artifactually lower plasma creatinine concentration.

BACKGROUND
All randomized controlled trials of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in contrast media-induced nephropathy used creatinine as a marker of renal function. However, it has been suggested that NAC may lower plasma creatinine levels independent of any effects on glomerular filtration rate (GFR).


METHODS
At a tertiary hospital 110 cardiac surgical patients were randomly allocated to peri-operative infusion of NAC (300 mg/kg over 24 h, N = 30) or placebo (N = 80). We compared the plasma concentrations of creatinine, cystatin C and urea, the plasma creatinine/plasma cystatin C ratio and the estimated GFR at baseline and at 24 and 72 h after commencement of the infusion. We measured urinary creatinine concentration at 24 h.


RESULTS
At baseline, the plasma creatinine/plasma cystatin C ratio did not differ between the NAC and placebo group (0.90 versus 0.92; P = 0.94). There was no significant difference in the plasma creatinine/plasma cystatin C ratio for the NAC and placebo group either during or after NAC infusion at 24 h (1.03 versus 1.00; P = 0.78) and 72 h (0.94 versus 0.89; P = 0.09). Those allocated to NAC showed no difference in urinary creatinine excretion when compared to placebo (P = 0.24).


CONCLUSIONS
The results of our study do not demonstrate that NAC artifactually lowers creatinine measured using the Jaffé method. (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00332631, NCT00334191).
Spatial Resolution Enhancement of Low-Resolution Image Sequences A Comprehensive Review with Directions for Future Research

Recent years have seen growing interest in the problem of sup er-resolution restoration of video sequences. Whereas in the traditional single image re storation problem only a single input image is available for processing, the task of reconst ructing super-resolution images from multiple undersampled and degraded images can take adv antage of the additional spatiotemporal data available in the image sequence. In particula r, camera and scene motion lead to frames in the source video sequence containing similar, b ut not identical information. The additional information available in these frames make poss ible reconstruction of visually superior frames at higher resolution than that of the original d ta. In this paper we review the current state of the art and identify promising directions f or future research. The authors are with the Laboratory for Image and Signal Analysis (LIS A), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556. E-mail: rls@nd.edu .
Sliding Mode FTC With On-line Control Allocation

This paper proposes an on-line sliding mode control allocation scheme for fault tolerant control. The effectiveness level of the actuators is used by the control allocation scheme to redistribute the control signals to the remaining actuators when a fault or failure occurs. The paper provides an analysis of the sliding mode control allocation scheme and determines the nonlinear gain required to maintain sliding. The on-line sliding mode control allocation scheme shows that faults and even certain total actuator failures can be handled directly without reconfiguring the controller
Telemanipulation with the DLR/HIT II robot hand using a dataglove and a low cost force feedback device

In this paper a series of teleoperation and manipulation tasks are performed with the five fingered robot hand DLR/HIT II. Two different everyday life objects are used for the manipulation tasks; a small ball and a rectangular object. The joint-to-joint mapping methodology is used to map human to robot hand motion, taking into account existing kinematic constraints such as synergistic characteristics and joint couplings. The Cyberglove II motion capture dataglove is used to measure human hand kinematics. A robot hand specific fast calibration procedure is used to map raw dataglove sensor values to human joint angles and subsequently through the mapping procedure, to DLR/HIT II joint angles. A novel low cost force feedback device is developed, in order for the user to be able to detect contact and perceive the forces exerted by the robot fingertips, during manipulation tasks. The design of the force feedback device is based on RGB LEDs that provide visual feedback and vibration motors that provide vibro-tactile feedback.
Intelligence Tests with Higher G-Loadings Show Higher Correlations with Body Symmetry: Evidence for a General Fitness Factor Mediated by Developmental Stability.

Just as body symmetry reveals developmental stability at the morphological level, general intelligence may reveal developmental stability at the level of brain development and cognitive functioning. These two forms of developmental stability may overlap by tapping into a bgeneral fitness factor.Q If so, then intellectual tests with higher g-loadings should show higher correlations with a composite measure of body symmetry. We tested this prediction in 78 young males by measuring their left–right symmetry at 10 body points, and by administering five cognitive tests with diverse g-loadings. As predicted, we found a significant (z=3.64, pb0.003) relationship between each test’s rank order g-loading and its body symmetry association. We also found a substantial correlation (r=0.39, pb0.01) between body symmetry and our most highly g-loaded test (Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices). General intelligence is apparently a valid indicator of general developmental stability and heritable fitness, which may partly explain its social and sexual attractiveness. D 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc.
The wisdom of select crowds.

Social psychologists have long recognized the power of statisticized groups. When individual judgments about some fact (e.g., the unemployment rate for next quarter) are averaged together, the average opinion is typically more accurate than most of the individual estimates, a pattern often referred to as the wisdom of crowds. The accuracy of averaging also often exceeds that of the individual perceived as most knowledgeable in the group. However, neither averaging nor relying on a single judge is a robust strategy; each performs well in some settings and poorly in others. As an alternative, we introduce the select-crowd strategy, which ranks judges based on a cue to ability (e.g., the accuracy of several recent judgments) and averages the opinions of the top judges, such as the top 5. Through both simulation and an analysis of 90 archival data sets, we show that select crowds of 5 knowledgeable judges yield very accurate judgments across a wide range of possible settings-the strategy is both accurate and robust. Following this, we examine how people prefer to use information from a crowd. Previous research suggests that people are distrustful of crowds and of mechanical processes such as averaging. We show in 3 experiments that, as expected, people are drawn to experts and dislike crowd averages-but, critically, they view the select-crowd strategy favorably and are willing to use it. The select-crowd strategy is thus accurate, robust, and appealing as a mechanism for helping individuals tap collective wisdom.
Data augmentation for diffusions

The problem of formal likelihood-based (either classical or Bayesian) inference for discretely observed multi-dimensional diffusions is particularly challenging. In principle this involves data-augmentation of the observation data to give representations of the entire diffusion trajectory. Most currently proposed methodology splits broadly into two classes: either through the discretisation of idealised approaches for the continuous-time diffusion setup; or through the use of standard finite-dimensional methodologies discretisation of the diffusion model. The connections between these approaches have not been well-studied. This paper will provide a unified framework bringing together these approaches, demonstrating connections, and in some cases surprising differences. As a result, we provide, for the first time, theoretical justification for the various methods of imputing missing data. The inference problems are particularly challenging for reducible diffusions, and our framework is correspondingly more complex in that case. Therefore we treat the reducible and irreducible cases differently within the paper. Supplementary materials for the article are avilable on line. 1 Overview of likelihood-based inference for diffusions Diffusion processes have gained much popularity as statistical models for observed and latent processes. Among others, their appeal lies in their flexibility to deal with nonlinearity, time-inhomogeneity and heteroscedasticity by specifying two interpretable functionals, their amenability to efficient computations due to their Markov property, and the rich existing mathematical theory about their properties. As a result, they are used as models throughout Science; some book references related with this approach to modeling include Section 5.3 of [1] for physical systems, Section 8.3.3 (in conjunction with Section 6.3) of [12] for systems biology and mass action stochastic kinetics, and Chapter 10 of [27] for interest rates. A mathematically precise specification of a d-dimensional diffusion process V is as the solution of a stochastic differential equation (SDE) of the type: dVs = b(s, Vs; θ1) ds+ σ(s, Vs; θ2) dBs, s ∈ [0, T ] ; (1) where B is an m-dimensional standard Brownian motion, b(·, · ; · ) : R+ ×Rd ×Θ1 → R is the drift and σ(·, · ; · ) : R+ × R × Θ2 → R is the diffusion coefficient. These ICREA and Department of Economics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, omiros.papaspiliopoulos@upf.edu Department of Statistics, University of Warwick Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
Unilateral incompatibility in Capsicum (Solanaceae): occurrence and taxonomic distribution.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Unilateral incompatibility (UI) occurs when pollinations between species are successful in one direction but not in the other. Self-incompatible (SI) species frequently show UI with genetically related, self-compatible (SC) species, as pollen of SI species is compatible on the SC pistil, but not vice versa. Many examples of unilateral incompatibility, and all those which have been studied most intensively, are found in the Solanaceae, particularly Lycopersicon, Solanum, Nicotiana and Petunia. The genus Capsicum is evolutionarily somewhat distant from Lycopersicon and Solanum and even further removed from Nicotiana and Petunia. Unilateral incompatibility has also been reported in Capsicum; however, this is the first comprehensive study of crosses between all readily available species in the genus.


METHODS
All readily available (wild and domesticated) species in the genus are used as plant material, including the three genera from the Capsicum pubescens complex plus eight other species. Pollinations were made on pot-grown plants in a glasshouse. The number of pistils pollinated per cross varied (from five to 40 pistils per plant), depending on the numbers of flowers available. Pistils were collected 24 h after pollination and fixed for 3-24 h. After staining, pistils were mounted in a drop of stain, squashed gently under a cover slip and examined microscopically under ultra-violet light for pollen tube growth.


KEY RESULTS
Unilateral incompatibility is confirmed in the C. pubescens complex. Its direction conforms to that predominant in the Solanaceae and other families, i.e. pistils of self-incompatible species, or self-compatible taxa closely related to self-incompatible species, inhibit pollen tubes of self-compatible species.


CONCLUSIONS
Unilateral incompatibility in Capsicum does not seem to have arisen to prevent introgression of self-compatibility into self-incompatible taxa, but as a by-product of divergence of the C. pubescens complex from the remainder of the genus.
Human cognitive function and the obesogenic environment

Evidence is accumulating which suggests that, in addition to leading to unprecedented rates of obesity, the current food environment is contributing to the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Recent experimental research indicates that many of the cognitive deficits associated with obesity involve fundamental inhibitory processes that have important roles in the control of food intake, implicating these cognitive impairments as a risk factor for weight gain. Here, we review experiments that link obesity with deficits in memory, attentional, and behavioral control and contemplate how these deficits may predispose individuals to overeat. Specifically, we discuss how deficits in inhibitory control may reduce one's ability to resist eating when confronted with the variety of foods and food cues that are ubiquitous in today's environment. Special attention is given to the importance of memory inhibition to the control of eating and appetitive behavior, and the role of the hippocampus in this process. We also discuss the potential etiology of both obesity and obesity-related cognitive impairment, highlighting non-human animal research which links both of these effects to the consumption of the modern "Western" diet that is high in saturated fats and simple carbohydrates. We conclude that part of what makes the current food environment "obesogenic" is the increased presence of food cues and the increased consumption of a diet which compromises our ability to resist those cues. Improving control over food-related cognitive processing may be useful not only for combating the obesity epidemic but also for minimizing the risk of serious cognitive disorder later in life.
A new table of permutation codes

Permutation codes (or permutation arrays) have received considerable interest in recent years, partly motivated by a potential application to powerline communication. Powerline communication is the transmission of data over the electricity distribution system. This environment is rather hostile to communication and the requirements are such that permutation codes may be suitable. The problem addressed in this study is the construction of permutation codes with a specified length and minimum Hamming distance, and with as many codewords (permutations) as possible. A number of techniques are used including construction by automorphism group and several variations of clique search based on vertex degrees. Many significant improvements are obtained to the size of the best known codes.
Effectiveness of mirtazapine in the treatment of depression with associated somatic symptoms

Introducción. Se evalúa la evolución clínica de la depresión con síntomas somáticos durante los primeros 3 meses de tratamiento con mirtazapina. Material y métodos. Diseño: estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo, observacional, abierto y no controlado. Muestra: 711 pacientes seleccionados por 98 psiquiatras de todo el territorio español que trabajaban en consultas externas de psiquiatría. Instrumentos: se utilizó la Escala de Depresión de Hamilton de 17 ítems (HAMD-17) y la Entrevista Psiquiátrica Estandarizada Polivalente (EPEP), sección síntomas somáticos. Los pacientes fueron evaluados pretratamiento y a los 15, a los 30 y a los 90 días postratamiento. Resultados. La intensidad de la depresión medida con la HAMD-17 disminuye significativamente (p < 0,0001) desde 23,27 pretratamiento hasta 6,75 a los 3 meses. La intensidad de la sintomatología somática medida con la EPEP disminuye significativamente (p < 0,0001) desde 7,68 pretratamiento hasta 2,28 a los 3 meses. Mirtazapina modifica la atribución de los síntomas somáticos en somatizadores: en la visita basal el 41,37% de la muestra pensaba que la causa de los síntomas era psicológica, mientras que a los 3 meses el porcentaje se había incrementado significativamente (p<0,05) a un 63,94%. La mitad de la muestra (48,52%) tomaba benzodiazepinas al inicio del estudio; mientras que tras 90 días de tratamiento, sólo precisaron asociar benzodiazepinas un 6,71% de los pacientes. La incidencia de efectos adversos fue del 13,36% de los pacientes. Del total de los abandonos del estudio, solamente un 4 % fueron debidos a acontecimientos adversos. Conclusiones. Mirtazapina es un antidepresivo eficaz y seguro para el tratamiento de los pacientes depresivos con síntomas somáticos asociados y es capaz de modificar la atribución de los síntomas en pacientes somatizadores.