LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Phase-transition temperatures and piezoelectric properties of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3- (Bi1/2Li1/2)TiO3-(Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3 lead-free ferroelectric ceramics

The phase-transition temperatures and piezoelectric properties of x(Bi<sub>1/2</sub>Na<sub>1/2</sub>)TiO<sub>3-y</sub>(Bi<sub>1/2</sub>Li<sub>1/2</sub>)TiO<sub>3-z</sub>(Bi<sub>1/2</sub>K<sub>1/2</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub> [x + y + z = 1] (abbreviated as BNLKT100y-100z) ceramics were investigated. These ceramics were prepared using a conventional ceramic fabrication process. The phase-transition temperatures such as depolarization temperatures T<sub>d</sub>, rhombohedral-tetragonal phase transition temperature T<sub>R-T</sub>, and dielectric-maximum temperature T<sub>m</sub> were determined using electrical measurements such as dielectric and piezoelectric properties. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of BNLKT100y-100z show the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between rhombohedral and tetragonal at approximately z = 0.20, and the piezoelectric properties show the maximum at the MPB. The electromechanical coupling factor &33, piezoelectric constant d<sub>33</sub> and T<sub>d</sub> of BNLKT4-20 and BNLKT8-20 were 0.603, 176 pC/N, and 171degC, and 0.590, 190 pC/N, and 115degC, respectively. In addition, the relationship between d<sub>33</sub> and T<sub>d</sub> of tetragonal side and rhombohedral side for BNLKT4-100z and BNLKT8-100z were presented. Considering both high T<sub>d</sub> and high d<sub>33</sub>, the tetragonal side of BNLKT4-100z is thought to be the superior composition. The d<sub>33</sub> and T<sub>d</sub> of BNLKT4-28 were 135 pC/N and 218degC, respectively. Moreover, this study revealed that the variation of Td is related to the variation of lattice distortion such as rhombohedrality 90-alpha and tetragonality c/a.
Hydrogen: automotive fuel of the future

This work presents a perspective on the production and use of hydrogen as an automotive fuel. Hydrogen has been hailed as the key to a clean energy future primarily because it can be produced from a variety of energy sources, it satisfies all energy needs, it is the least polluting, and it is the perfect carrier for solar energy in that it affords solar energy a storage medium. Efforts are underway to transform the global transportation energy economy from one dependent on oil to that based on sustainable hydrogen. The rationale behind these efforts is that hydrocarbon-based automobiles are a significant source of air pollution, while hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles produce effectively zero emissions. Besides the transportation area, fuel cells can also reduce emissions in other applications such as the residential or commercial distributed electricity generation. Hydrogen is the perfect partner for electricity, and together they create an integrated energy system based on distributed power generation and use. A discussion on the sources of hydrogen in the near- and long-term future as well as the cost of hydrogen production is provided.
Computerized decision support for medication dosing in renal insufficiency: a randomized, controlled trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVE
Emergency physicians prescribe several discharge medications that require dosage adjustment for patients with renal disease. The hypothesis for this research was that decision support in a computerized physician order entry system would reduce the rate of excessive medication dosing for patients with renal impairment.


METHODS
This was a randomized, controlled trial in an academic emergency department (ED), in which computerized physician order entry was used to write all prescriptions for patients being discharged from the ED. The sample included 42 physicians who were randomized to the intervention (21 physicians) or control (21 physicians) group. The intervention was decision support that provided dosing recommendations for targeted medications for patients aged 18 years and older when the patient's estimated creatinine clearance level was below the threshold for dosage adjustment. The primary outcome was the proportion of targeted medications that were excessively dosed.


RESULTS
For 2,783 (46%) of the 6,015 patient visits, the decision support had sufficient information to estimate the patient's creatinine clearance level. The average age of these patients was 46 years, 1,768 (64%) were women, and 1,523 (55%) were black. Decision support was provided 73 times to physicians in the intervention group, who excessively dosed 31 (43%) prescriptions. In comparison, control physicians excessively dosed a significantly larger proportion of medications: 34 of 46, 74% (effect size=31%; 95% confidence interval 14% to 49%; P=.001).


CONCLUSION
Emergency physicians often prescribed excessive doses of medications that require dosage adjustment for renal impairment. Computerized physician order entry with decision support significantly reduced excessive dosing of targeted medications.
Galaxies on FIRE (Feedback In Realistic Environments): Stellar feedback explains cosmologically inefficient star formation

We present a series of high-resolution cosmological simulations1 of galaxy formation to z = 0, spanning halo masses ∼ 108 − 1013 M , and stellar masses ∼ 104 − 1011 M . Our simulations include fully explicit treatment of the multi-phase ISM & stellar feedback. The stellar feedback inputs (energy, momentum, mass, and metal fluxes) are taken directly from stellar population models. These sources of feedback, with zero adjusted parameters, reproduce the observed relation between stellar and halo mass up to Mhalo ∼ 1012 M . We predict weak redshift evolution in the M∗−Mhalo relation, consistent with current constraints to z > 6. We find that the M∗−Mhalo relation is insensitive to numerical details, but is sensitive to feedback physics. Simulations with only supernova feedback fail to reproduce observed stellar masses, particularly in dwarf and high-redshift galaxies: radiative feedback (photo-heating and radiation pressure) is necessary to destroy GMCs and enable efficient coupling of later supernovae to the gas. Star formation rates agree well with the observed Kennicutt relation at all redshifts. The galaxy-averaged Kennicutt relation is very different from the numerically imposed law for converting gas into stars, and is determined by self-regulation via stellar feedback. Feedback reduces star formation rates and produces reservoirs of gas that lead to rising late-time star formation histories, significantly different from halo accretion histories. Feedback also produces large short-timescale variability in galactic SFRs, especially in dwarfs. These properties are not captured by common “sub-grid” wind models.
Image Retrieval: Current Techniques, Promising Directions, and Open Issues

This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the technical achievements in the research area of image retrieval, especially content-based image retrieval, an area that has been so active and prosperous in the past few years. The survey includes 100+ papers covering the research aspects of image feature representation and extraction, multidimensional indexing, and system design, three of the fundamental bases of content-based image retrieval. Furthermore, based on the state-of-the-art technology available now and the demand from real-world applications, open research issues are identified and future promising research directions are suggested. C © 1999 Academic Press
Robotic liver surgery: results for 70 resections.

BACKGROUND
Robotic surgery is gaining popularity for digestive surgery; however, its use for liver surgery is reported scarcely. This article reviews a surgeon's experience with the use of robotic surgery for liver resections.


METHODS
From March 2002 to March 2009, 70 robotic liver resections were performed at 2 different centers by a single surgeon. The surgical procedure and postoperative outcome data were reviewed retrospectively.


RESULTS
Malignant tumors were indications for resections in 42 (60%) patients, whereas benign tumors were indications in 28 (40%) patients. The median age was 60 years (range, 21-84) and 57% of patients were female. Major liver resections (≥ 3 liver segments) were performed in 27 (38.5%) patients. There were 4 conversions to open surgery (5.7%). The median operative time for a major resection was 313 min (range, 220-480) and 198 min (range, 90-459) for minor resection. The median blood loss was 150 mL (range, 20-1,800) for minor resection and 300 mL (range, 100-2,000) for major resection. The mortality rate was 0%, and the overall rate of complications was 21%. Major morbidity occurred in 4 patients in the major hepatectomies group (14.8%) and in 4 patients in the minor hepatectomies group (9.3%). All complications were managed conservatively and none required reoperation.


CONCLUSION
This preliminary experience shows that robotic surgery can be used safely for liver resections with a limited conversion rate, blood loss, and postoperative morbidity. Robotics offers a new technical option for minimally invasive liver surgery.
Validation of the MedDietScore via the determination of plasma fatty acids.

BACKGROUND
The purpose of the present work was to validate the MedDietScore by means of plasma fatty acid levels.


METHODS
The study sample consisted of 189 men (44+/-13 years old) and 185 women (40+/-15 years old), randomly selected from the ATTICA study database. All participants completed a food frequency questionnaire (the EPIC-Greek FFQ), and a modified version of the MedDietScore (using weights) was then calculated to evaluate the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Plasma and dietary fatty acids were measured.


RESULTS
Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between the MedDietScore, monounsaturated fatty acids (P <0.001), monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (P <0.001), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) (P <0.05) and n-3 fatty acids (P <0.001), and inverse correlations between the diet score and polyunsaturated fatty acids (comprised of the sum of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids) (P <0.001), saturated fatty acids (P <0.01), and total n-6 fatty acids (P <0.001). The effect size of the relationships between the weighted-MedDietScore and fatty acids was better than the relationships with the initial version of the diet score.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that the modified MedDietScore is a valid measure of various plasma fatty acids, and may prove a useful tool in assessing diet quality of adults.
Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete

The Report presents a comprehensive summary of the extensive studies conducted on fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Test data are used to identify the effects of salient factors that influence the properties of the geopolymer concrete in the fresh and hardened states. These results are utilized to propose a simple method for the design of geopolymer concrete mixtures. Test data of various shortterm and long-term properties of the geopolymer concrete are then presented. The last part of the Report describes the results of the tests conducted on large-scale reinforced geopolymer concrete members and illustrates the application of the geopolymer concrete in the construction industry. The economic merits of the geopolymer concrete are also mentioned.
How science makes environmental controversies worse

I use the example of the 2000 US Presidential election to show that political controversies with technical underpinnings are not resolved by technical means. Then, drawing from examples such as climate change, genetically modified foods, and nuclear waste disposal, I explore the idea that scientific inquiry is inherently and unavoidably subject to becoming politicized in environmental controversies. I discuss three reasons for this. First, science supplies contesting parties with their own bodies of relevant, legitimated facts about nature, chosen in part because they help make sense of, and are made sensible by, particular interests and normative frameworks. Second, competing disciplinary approaches to understanding the scientific bases of an environmental controversy may be causally tied to competing value-based political or ethical positions. The necessity of looking at nature through a variety of disciplinary lenses brings with it a variety of normative lenses, as well. Third, it follows from the foregoing that scientific uncertainty, which so often occupies a central place in environmental controversies, can be understood not as a lack of scientific understanding but as the lack of coherence among competing scientific understandings, amplified by the various political, cultural, and institutional contexts within which science is carried out. In light of these observations, I briefly explore the problem of why some types of political controversies become “scientized” and others do not, and conclude that the value bases of disputes underlying environmental controversies must be fully articulated and adjudicated through political means before science can play an effective role in resolving environmental problems. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Therapeutic Motion Analysis of Lower Limbs Using Kinovea

359 Abstract— Goniometry has been widely used to analyze human motion. The goniometer is a tool to measure the angular change on systems of a single degree of freedom. However, it is inappropriate to detect movements with multiple degrees of freedom. Kinovea is a free software application for the analysis, comparison and evaluation of movement. Generally, used to evaluate the progress of an athlete in training. Many studies in the literature have proposed solutions for measuring combined movements, especially in lower limbs. In this paper, we discuss the possibility to use Kinovea in rehabilitation movements for lower limbs. We used a webcam to record the movement of patient's leg. The detection and analysis was carry out using Kinovea with position markers to measure angular positions of lower limbs. To find the angle of the hip and knee, a mathematical model based on a robot of two degrees of freedom was proposed. The results of position, velocity and acceleration for ankle and knee was presented in a XY plane. In addition, the angular measure of hip and knee was obtained using the inverse kinematics of a 2RR robot.
Uremic Solutes in Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Role in Progression

BACKGROUND
To date, over 150 possible uremic solutes have been listed, but their role in the progression of CKD is largely unknown. Here, the association between a selected panel of uremic solutes and progression in CKD patients was investigated.


METHODS
Patients from the MASTERPLAN study, a randomized controlled trial in CKD patients with a creatinine clearance between 20 and 70 ml/min per 1.73m2, were selected based on their rate of eGFR decline during the first five years of follow-up. They were categorized as rapid (decline >5 ml/min per year) or slow progressors. Concentrations of eleven uremic solutes were obtained at baseline and after one year of follow-up. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds for rapid to slow progression by uremic solute concentrations at baseline. Variability in uremic solute levels was assessed using scatter plots, and limits of variability were calculated.


RESULTS
In total, 40 rapidly and 40 slowly progressing patients were included. Uremic solutes were elevated in all patients compared to reference values for healthy persons. The serum levels of uremic solutes were not associated with rapid progression. Moreover, we observed substantial variability in solute levels over time.


CONCLUSIONS
Elevated concentrations of uremic solutes measured in this study did not explain differences in rate of eGFR decline in CKD patients, possibly due to lack of power as a result of the small sample size, substantial between patient variability, and variability in solute concentrations over time. The etiology of intra-individual variation in uremic solute levels remains to be elucidated.
Problems and solutions in African tone language Text – To – Speech

One of the most useful HLT systems for use with non-literate communities is Text–to–Speech, with typical applications in health, market and education information dissemination. However, current TTS development environments are far from being language independent: adaptation of an existing voice in one language to a voice in another is a common procedure. During development of a TTS prototype for Ibibio, a Nigerian Niger–Congo, Lower Cross language, in the Local Language Speech Technology Initiative, several levels of infrastructural and linguistic problems were identified. This contribution outlines these problems, concentrating mainly on requirements for African tone language TTS, and formulates solution strategies for both rule–driven and data–driven TTS development.
Subgoals Help Students Solve Parsons Problems

We report on a study that used subgoal labels to teach students how to write while loops with a Parsons problem learning assessment. Subgoal labels were used to aid learning of programming while not overloading students' cognitive abilities. We wanted to compare giving learners subgoal labels versus asking learners to generate subgoal labels. As an assessment for learning we asked students to solve a Parsons problem -- to place code segments in the correct order. We found that students who were given subgoal labels performed statistically better than the groups that did not receive subgoal labels or were asked to generate subgoal labels. We conclude that a low cognitive load assessment, Parsons problems, can be more sensitive to student learning gains than traditional code generation problems.
An Approach to Determine the Weibull Parameters for Wind Energy Analysis: The Case of Galicia (Spain)

The Weibull probability density function (PDF) has mostly been used to fit wind speed distributions for wind energy applications. The goodness of fit of the results depends on the estimation method that was used and the wind type of the analyzed area. In this paper, a study on a particular area (Galicia) was performed to test the performance of several fitting methods. The goodness of fit was evaluated by well-known indicators that use the wind speed or the available wind power density. However, energy production must be a critical parameter in wind energy applications. Hence, a fitting method that accounts for the power density distribution is proposed. To highlight the usefulness of this method, indicators that use energy production values are also presented.
Analysis and optimization on the angular color shift of RGB OLED displays

Microcavites contribute to enhancing the optical efficiency and color saturation of an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display. A major tradeoff of the strong cavity effect is its apparent color shift, especially for RGB-based OLED displays, due to their mismatched angular intensity distributions. To mitigate the color shift, in this work we first analyze the emission spectrum shifts and angular distributions for the OLEDs with strong and weak cavities, both theoretically and experimentally. Excellent agreement between simulation and measurement is obtained. Next, we propose a systematic approach for RGB-OLED displays based on multi-objective optimization algorithms. Three objectives, namely external quantum efficiency (EQE), color gamut coverage, and angular color shift of primary and mixed colors, can be optimized simultaneously. Our optimization algorithm is proven to be effective for suppressing color shift while keeping a relatively high optical efficiency and wide color gamut. © 2017 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement OCIS codes: (140.3948) Microcavity devices; (160.4890) Organic materials; (230.3670) Light-emitting diodes;
Estrogen Metabolizing Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk Among Older White Women

Objective. To investigate breast cancer risk according to metabolizing genes polymorphisms in older women. Methods. A subset (43.8%) of 4248 older, white women from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) were genotyped for the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val108Met polymorphism and the CYP1A1*2C locus. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between genotypes and breast cancer while controlling for potential confounders. Results. During a mean follow up of 12.4 years, 252 women (5.9%) developed breast cancer. The HR (95% CI) for breast cancer was 1.24 (0.87–1.75) for COMT Val/Met and 1.35 (0.93–1.97) for COMT Met/Met . No interactions with lifestyle and reproductive factors were found. The HR associated with the CYP1A1*2C Val allele was 0.80 (0.46, 1.39) with little evidence for interactions with lifestyle or reproductive factors.  Conclusions. Among older white women, neither the COMT Val108/158Met polymorphism nor the CYP1A*2C Val allele plays a major role in breast cancer risk either alone or in combination with lifestyle and reproductive factors.
Composing distributed objects in CORBA

The paper addresses the problem of structuring and managing large distributed systems constructed from many distributed objects. Specifically, the paper proposes a component model which can be used to compose objects into manageable entities. Components are specified using Darwin, an architecture description language developed by the authors. A mapping of distributed objects into Darwin components is described together with an outline of how Darwin and its associated tools are implemented in a CORBA compliant environment. keywords: distributed software architecture, components, object management
University Course Timetabling with Soft Constraints

An extension of constraint logic programming that allows for weighted partial satisfaction of soft constraints is described and applied to the development of an automated timetabling system for Purdue University. The soft constraint solver implemented in the proposed solution approach allows constraint propagation for hard constraints together with preference propagation for soft constraints. Repair search methods are proposed to improve upon initially generated (partial) assignments of the problem variables. The model and search methods applied to the solution of the large lecture room component are presented and discussed along with the computational results.
The Use of a Flipped Classroom to Enhance Engagement and Promote Active Learning

This study was based on Reeve’s (2013) four-aspect conceptualization regarding student engagement to promote active learning using a flipped classroom. The flipped classroom is defined as using technology to provide lectures outside of the classroom, while assignments with concepts are provided inside the classroom through learning activities (Clark, 2013). Behavioral engagement is defined as teachers’ direction of students toward activities that require them to apply initiative (Fredricks, Blumenfeld, & Paris, 2004). Emotional engagement is promoted by intentionally selecting materials that stimulate students’ interaction with and feedback to the material (Taylor & Statler, 2013). Cognitive engagement is defined as the teacher’s skill in questioning and the students’ elaboration of an idea as an answer (Smart & Marshall, 2012). Agentic engagement is student selflearning, with a contribution from the lecturer to provide instructional support (Reeve & Tseng, 2011). A descriptive quantitative methodology was used in which 24 undergraduate TESOL students took the course QMT 212 Instructional Design. The results show that emotional engagement ( x =5.79)(sd=1.02) has the highest score, followed by behavioral engagement ( x =5.62)(sd=0.69), cognitive engagement ( x =5.61) (sd=1.02) and agentic engagement ( x =5.1)(sd=1). This study also shows that, for active learning to occur, emotional engagement is one of the important factors as compared to other types of engagement.