LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of lycopene and tomato product intake and risk of prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND
Dietary lycopene and tomato products may reduce risk of prostate cancer; however, uncertainty remains about this possible association.


METHODS
We evaluated the association between intake of lycopene and specific tomato products and prostate cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, a multicenter study designed to investigate cancer early detection methods and etiologic determinants. Participants completed both a general risk factor and a 137-item food frequency questionnaire at baseline. A total of 1,338 cases of prostate cancer were identified among 29,361 men during an average of 4.2 years of follow-up.


RESULTS
Lycopene intake was not associated with prostate cancer risk. Reduced risks were also not found for total tomato servings or for most tomato-based foods. Statistically nonsignificant inverse associations were noted for pizza [all prostate cancer: relative risk (RR), 0.83; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.67-1.03 for >or=1 serving/wk versus < 0.5 serving/mo; P(trend)=0.06 and advanced prostate cancer: RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.56-1.10; P(trend)=0.12] and spaghetti/tomato sauce consumption (advanced prostate cancer: RR=0.81, 95% CI, 0.57-1.16 for >or=2 servings/wk versus<1 serving/mo; P(trend)=0.31). Among men with a family history of prostate cancer, risks were decreased in relation to increased consumption of lycopene (P(trend)=0.04) and specific tomato-based foods commonly eaten with fat (spaghetti, P(trend)=0.12; pizza, P(trend)=0.15; lasagna, P(trend)=0.02).


CONCLUSIONS
This large study does not support the hypothesis that greater lycopene/tomato product consumption protects from prostate cancer. Evidence for protective associations in subjects with a family history of prostate cancer requires further corroboration.
Presence of patients' families during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: physicians' and nurses' opinions.

AIM
This paper is a report of a study to determine the opinions of physicians and nurses who work in a university hospital intensive care unit and emergency department about the presence of patients' families during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in these units.


BACKGROUND
Healthcare professionals have conflicting opinions about the presence of patients' families during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Families who are allowed to be present have less fear and worry, feel they have supported their family member and are able to cope more easily.


METHOD
The data for this descriptive questionnaire study were collected between November 2006 and January 2007. The respondents were 62 physicians and 82 nurses who worked in an emergency department or in cardiology or anaesthesia intensive care units in Turkey. The data were collected using a questionnaire and the responses summarized using frequencies and percentages. The chi-squared test was performed to test for differences in the opinion by profession, educational level, or number of years of working experience in the profession.


FINDINGS
The response rate was 79%. Of the respondents, 82.6% did not think it was appropriate for patients' families to be present during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The most common concerns mentioned were that the family would interfere with the team's activities (56.3%) and that resuscitation is a very traumatic procedure (43.6%).


CONCLUSION
Policies need to be developed regarding this topic because the absence of policy can cause misunderstanding and differences in practice. Further research is needed to determine what public education is needed to facilitate implementation of such policies.
WEKA - Experiences with a Java Open-Source Project

WEKA is a popular machine learning workbench with a development life of nearly two decades. This article provides an overview of the factors that we believe to be important to its success. Rather than focussing on the software’s functionality, we review aspects of project management and historical development decisions that likely had an impact on the uptake of the project.
International data on supportive therapies at 1 year in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing PCI: results from the APTOR study.

BACKGROUND
Supportive therapies of exercise and diet-modifying secondary prevention programmes are associated with reduced morbidity and mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. We sought to evaluate the frequency and correlates of referral to these supportive therapies, and their impact on concordance with prescribed secondary prevention medications at 1 year among ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in three European countries.


DESIGN/METHODS
Data on referral for exercise and diet supportive therapies were collected at discharge through to 1 year in the Antiplatelet Therapy Observational Registry (APTOR) prospective observational study conducted in France, Spain and the UK in 1335 patients.


RESULTS
40% of patients received referral for exercise or diet, while three out of five patients received neither, with large variation between countries. Predictors of recommendation for either diet or exercise when excluding country were enrolment in a non-teaching centre (odds ratio [OR] 1.62, 95% CI [confidence interval] 1.33-1.97, p < 0.0001) and use of only a bare metal stent during PCI (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.30-1.92, p = 0.0002), while weight and BMI had no bearing. Patients recommended either diet or exercise programmes had significantly more secondary prevention medication rates for each of the five predefined evidence-based BASIC (beta-blockers, aspirin, statins, ACE-inhibitors/ARBs and clopidogrel) medication therapies at 1 year.


CONCLUSION
Following an ACS treated with PCI, by 1 year the majority of European patients were not recommended supportive therapies of exercise and dietary secondary prevention programmes, which have previously been associated with reduced morbidity and mortality and are recommended in the guidelines. Those recommended such therapies had considerably improved concordance with evidence-based therapies such as aspirin, clopidogrel and statins prescribed at 1 year. These data show a need for greater adherence to the European guidelines to ensure ACS patients are recommended such therapies.
Automating Digital Leaf Measurement: The Tooth, the Whole Tooth, and Nothing but the Tooth

Many species of plants produce leaves with distinct teeth around their margins. The presence and nature of these teeth can often help botanists to identify species. Moreover, it has long been known that more species native to colder regions have teeth than species native to warmer regions. It has therefore been suggested that fossilized remains of leaves can be used as a proxy for ancient climate reconstruction. Similar studies on living plants can help our understanding of the relationships. The required analysis of leaves typically involves considerable manual effort, which in practice limits the number of leaves that are analyzed, potentially reducing the power of the results. In this work, we describe a novel algorithm to automate the marginal tooth analysis of leaves found in digital images. We demonstrate our methods on a large set of images of whole herbarium specimens collected from Tilia trees (also known as lime, linden or basswood). We chose the genus Tilia as its constituent species have toothed leaves of varied size and shape. In a previous study we extracted c.1600 leaves automatically from a set of c.1100 images. Our new algorithm locates teeth on the margins of such leaves and extracts features such as each tooth's area, perimeter and internal angles, as well as counting them. We evaluate an implementation of our algorithm's performance against a manually analyzed subset of the images. We found that the algorithm achieves an accuracy of 85% for counting teeth and 75% for estimating tooth area. We also demonstrate that the automatically extracted features are sufficient to identify different species of Tilia using a simple linear discriminant analysis, and that the features relating to teeth are the most useful.
Knowledge flow-based business process redesign: applying a knowledge map to redesign a business process

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to suggest a method to redesign business processes from the viewpoint of knowledge flows using a knowledge map. Design/methodology/approach – Knowledge flows and business processes cannot be separated because knowledge is inputted and outputted through business processes. Knowledge flows inherit the feature and appearance of corresponding business processes; therefore, one can identify problems within business processes by analyzing corresponding knowledge flows. The methodology is composed of the following sections: knowledge mapping, knowledge profiling, knowledge flow identification, knowledge flow optimization and TO-BE process visualization. Findings – This paper provides a methodology for knowledge flow-based business process redesign and ten guidelines for knowledge flow optimization. The case study demonstrates that the proposed ideas constitute knowledge-intensified business processes. Research limitations/implications – A more formal validation method that is based on the statistical analysis must be provided to assert the proposed guidelines for knowledge flow optimization as the truly optimized ones. Practical implications – This paper’s idea provides the practical methodology and guidelines that can be directly applicable to performing business process redesign by introducing a real case. Originality/value – This paper’s ideas not only provide present companies with a practical way to enhance their business process to be more knowledge-focused, but also promote the current economy to be more knowledge-intensive.
Albuterol multidose dry powder inhaler efficacy and safety versus placebo in children with asthma.

BACKGROUND
A novel, inhalation-driven, multidose dry powder inhaler (MDPI) that does not require coordination of actuation with inhalation has been developed.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of albuterol MDPI versus placebo MDPI after chronic dosing in children with asthma.


METHODS
This phase III, double-blind, parallel-group study included children with asthma (ages, 4-11 years) with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 50-95% of predicted. After a 14-day run-in period wherein the patients continued their current asthma therapy and received single-blind placebo MDPI, they were randomized to albuterol MDPI 90 μg per inhalation, two inhalations four times daily (total daily dose, 720 μg), or placebo for 3 weeks. Pulmonary function was assessed on days 1 and 22. Efficacy and safety were evaluated by measuring the baseline-adjusted percent-predicted FEV1 (PPFEV1) area under the time curve over 6 hours (AUC0-6) after the dose and adverse events, respectively.


RESULTS
The full analysis set included 184 patients. Patients treated with albuterol MDPI versus patients treated with placebo MDPI had significantly greater baseline-adjusted PPFEV1 AUC0-6 over 3 weeks (least squares mean difference, 25.0%•hour, which favored albuterol; p < 0.001). The benefit of albuterol (mean change in PPFEV1) was evident 5 minutes after dosing and lasted several hours; the maximal effect was noted 1 to 2 hours after dosing. Albuterol MDPI was well tolerated.


CONCLUSIONS
In children with persistent asthma, albuterol MDPI improved pulmonary function significantly better than placebo MDPI over 3 weeks of treatment. Clinical efficacy was evident within 5 minutes of dosing and maintained for >2 hours. Four times daily administration was well tolerated.
Application of Data Mining in Agriculture 27 Definition of the Term

MiloviC, B. and v. RadojeviC, 2015. application of data mining in agriculture. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 21: 26-34 Today, agricultural organizations work with large amounts of data. Processing and retrieval of significant data in this abundance of agricultural information is necessary. Utilization of information and communications technology enables automation of extracting significant data in an effort to obtain knowledge and trends, which enables the elimination of manual tasks and easier data extraction directly from electronic sources, transfer to secure electronic system of documentation which will enable production cost reduction, higher yield and higher market price. Data mining in addition to information about crops enables agricultural enterprises to predict trends about customer’s conditions or their behavior, which is achieved by analyzing data from different perspectives and finding connections and relationships in seemingly unrelated data. Raw data of agricultural enterprises are very ample and diverse. it is necessary to collect and store them in an organized form, and their integration enables the creation of agricultural information system. Data mining in agriculture provides many opportunities for exploring hidden patterns in these collections of data. These patterns can be used to determine the condition of customers in agricultural organizations.
Digital Mosaic Frameworks - An Overview

Art often provides valuable hints for technological innovations especially in the field of Image Processing and Computer Graphics. In this paper we survey in a unified framework several methods to transform raster input images into good quality mosaics. For each of the major different approaches in literature the paper reports a short description and a discussion of the most relevant issues. To complete the survey comparisons among the different techniques both in terms of visual quality and computational complexity are provided.
A Survey on Software Project Planning and Control Using Case

In software projects, there exists a series of problems in planning and controlling process. In order to avoid the problems, Strategic Management Process (SMP) is designed for identifying and quantifying the risks. The risks are identified by joint monitoring of software planning and project complexity which uses cumulative distribution functions to produce an expected message alert per risk factor. First step for avoiding the risk is planning and controlling, which assists the software engineers by managing not only the quality of software project but also to develop risk-free software products, after identifying the risk. Software project on each module is checked to detect the complexity of the software project at an earlier stage. Evaluating the risk by ranking the software and monitoring the important activities of software project manager is one solution to solve the problems. CASE tools (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) are a set of application tools and software system methods with the desired end result of high-quality, defect-free, and maintainable software products. CASE tool also refer to development of information systems methods together with automated tools which is used in the software project development process. In CASE tools, computer-based support is used by developers in order to develop and maintain the software projects. CASE tools also enable software engineers to come out from the actual complexities of code when looking at the complex projects. This paper presents software projects planning and control risks. With help of CASE tools the risks are identified, planned and controlled in the software projects. This paper also improves the efficiency and reduces the risk in the system
Transarterial chemoembolization is ineffective for neuroendocrine tumors metastatic to the caudate lobe: a single institution review

BACKGROUND
Caudate lobe liver metastases occur commonly in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. It is unknown, however, how these lesions respond to regional therapy and how their presence impacts outcomes. We reviewed our experience treating these lesions using transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).


METHODS
We reviewed radiographic response to TACE in 86 patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors to the liver. We determined the impact of caudate lesions on outcomes in comparison to the cohort of patients without caudate lesions, as well as response of caudate lesions to TACE versus lesions elsewhere in the liver.


RESULTS
Caudate lesions were identified in 45 (52%) patients. All patients had disease in other liver segments. Only seven caudate lesions (12.3%) had a radiographic response to TACE, whereas 82% of lesions elsewhere in the liver demonstrated a response. The presence or absence of a caudate lesion did not impact the overall radiographic (82.2% vs. 82.9%), symptomatic (64.4% vs. 56.1%), or biochemical (97.6% vs. 88.9%) response to TACE (P > 0.1 for all). However, median overall survival was reduced in those presenting with caudate lesions (87.1 vs. 45.6 months, P = 0.031).


CONCLUSIONS
Metastatic neuroendocrine tumors to the caudate lobe respond poorly to TACE. Symptomatic or threatening caudate lobe lesions should be considered for palliative resection in spite of additional inoperable liver metastases.
Causality in the Social and Behavioral Sciences ∗

This paper aims to acquaint researchers in the quantitative social and behavior sciences with recent advances in causal inference which provide a systematic methodology for defining, estimating, testing, and defending causal claims in experimental and observational studies. These advances are illustrated using a general theory of causation based on nonparametric structural equation models (SEM) – a natural generalization of those used by econometricians and social scientists in the 1950-60s, which provides a coherent mathematical foundation for the analysis of causes and counterfactuals. In particular, the paper surveys the development of mathematical tools for inferring (from a combination of data and assumptions) answers to three types of causal queries: (1) queries about the effects of potential interventions, (also called “causal effects” or “policy evaluation”) (2) queries about probabilities of counterfactuals, (including assessment of “regret,” “attribution” or “causes of effects”) and (3) queries about direct and indirect effects (also known as “mediation”). Finally, the paper clarifies the role of propensity score matching in causal analysis, defines the relationships between the structural and potential-outcome frameworks, and develops symbiotic tools that use the strong features of both. A paper submitted to Sociological Methodology. This research benefited from conversations with Peter Bentler, Stephen Morgan, Jeffrey Wooldridge and was supported in parts by NIH grant #1R01 LM009961-01, NSF grant #IIS-0914211, and ONR grant #N000-14-09-1-0665. 1 Submitted to Sociological Methodology. TECHNICAL REPORT R-355 October 2009
p27(Kip1) and cyclin E expression and breast cancer survival after treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND
Abnormal expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins p27(Kip1) (p27) and cyclin E may be associated with breast cancer survival and relapse. We studied these markers in a clinical trial setting with patients with breast cancer treated by a uniform drug regimen so that treatment was not associated with variability in outcome.


METHODS
We used tissue microarrays to evaluate the expression of p27 and cyclin E proteins by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissue from 2123 (68%) of 3122 patients with moderate-risk primary breast cancer who were enrolled in Southwest Oncology Group-Intergroup Trial S9313, in which patients were assigned to receive doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide administered concurrently (n = 1595) or sequentially (n = 1527). Disease-free and overall survival were equivalent in the two arms. Expression of the proteins was rated on a scale of 1-7, and the median value was used as the cut point. Log-rank tests and Cox regression analyses were used to assess associations with survival. Overall survival was defined as time to death from all causes; disease-free survival was defined as time to recurrence or death. All P values were from two-sided statistical tests.


RESULTS
Lower p27 expression was associated with worse overall survival (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21 to 1.86) and disease-free survival (unadjusted HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.57) than higher p27 expression. Among hormone receptor-positive patients, lower p27 expression was associated with worse overall survival (HR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.94) and worse disease-free survival (HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.63) than higher p27 expression after adjustment for treatment, menopausal status, tumor size, and number of positive lymph nodes. Among these patients, 5-year overall survival associated with higher p27 expression (0.91, 95% CI = 0.89 to 0.93) was similar to that associated with lower p27 expression (0.85, 95% CI = 0.82 to 0.87). No association between p27 expression and survival was found in hormone receptor-negative patients. Cyclin E expression was not statistically significantly associated with overall survival (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.91 to 1.38) or disease-free survival (HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.92 to 1.29).


CONCLUSIONS
Low p27 expression appears to be associated with poor prognosis, especially among patients with steroid receptor-positive tumors.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of China's Internet Content Regulation

As illegal and unhealthy content on the Internet has gradually increased in recent years, there have been constant calls for Internet content regulation. But any regulation comes at a cost. Based on the principles of the cost-benefit theory, this article conducts an in-depth discussion on China’s current Internet content regulation, so as to reveal its latent patterns.
Assessment of Improved Nonlinear Static Procedures in FEMA-440

Nonlinear static procedures NSPs presented in the FEMA-440 document are evaluated for nondegrading threeto nine-story reinforced concrete moment-resisting frame systems. Evaluations are based on peak single-degree-of-freedom displacement, peak roof, and interstory drifts estimations. A total of 78 soil site records and 24 buildings with fundamental periods varying between 0.3 s–1.3 s are used in 2,832 linear and nonlinear response-history analyses to derive the descriptive statistics. The moment magnitude of the ground motions varies between 5.7 and 7.6. All records are within 23 km of the causative fault representing near-fault ground motions with and without pulse signals. The statistics presented suggest that lateral loading patterns used in pushover analysis to idealize the building systems play a role in the accuracy of NSPs investigated. Both procedures yield fairly good deformation demand estimations on the median. Displacement coefficient method DCM tends to overestimate the global deformation demands with respect to the capacity spectrum method CSM . The conservative deformation demand estimations of DCM are correlated with the normalized lateral strength ratio, R. The CSM tends to overestimate the deformation demands for the increasing displacement ductility, . DOI: 10.1061/ ASCE 0733-9445 2007 133:9 1237 CE Database subject headings: Seismic effects; Drift; Approximation methods; Performance characteristics; Frames; Statistics.