LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Singh VK, Singh DK. Pharmacological Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum L.). ARBS Annu Rev Biomed Sci 2008;10:6-26. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a bulbous herb used as a food item, spice and medicine in different parts of the world. Its medicinal use is based on traditional experience passed from generation to generation. Researchers from various disciplines are now directing their efforts towards discovering the effects of garlic on human health. Interest in garlic among researchers, particularly those in medical profession, has stemmed from the search for a drug that has a broad-spectrum therapeutic effect with minimal toxicity. Recent studies indicate that garlic extract has antimicrobial activity against many genera of bacteria, fungi and viruses. The role of garlic in preventing cardiovascular disease has been acclaimed by several authors. Chemical constituents of garlic have been investigated for treatment of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, platelet aggregation and blood fibrinolytic activity. Experimental data indicate that garlic may have anticarcinogenic effect. Recent researches in the area of pest control show that garlic has strong insecticidal, nematicidal, rodenticidal and molluscicidal activity. Despite field trials and laboratory experiments on the pesticidal activity of garlic have been conducted, more studies on the way of delivery in environment and mode of action are still recommended for effective control of pest. Adverse effects of oral ingestion and topical exposure of garlic include body odor, allergic reactions, acceleration in the effects of anticoagulants and reduction in the efficacy of anti-AIDS drug Saquinavir. ©by São Paulo State University ISSN 1806-8774
Built-in Foreground/Background Prior for Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation

References: [1] Batra, D., et.al: Diverse mbest solutions in markov random fields. In: ECCV (2012) [2] Pinheiro, P.O., et. al: From image-level to pixel-level labeling with convolutional networks. In: CVPR (2015) [3] Bearman, et. al: What's the point: Semantic segmentation with point supervision. ArXiv e-prints (2015) [4] Papandreou, G., et. al: Weaklyand semi-supervised learning of a deep convolutional network for semantic image segmentation. In: ICCV (2015) [5] Pathak, D., et. al: Constrained convolutional neural networks for weakly supervised segmentation. In: ICCV(2015) [6] Wei, Y., et. al: Learning to segment with image-level annotations. Pattern Recognition (2016) [7] Wei, Y., et. al: Stc: A simple to complex framework for weakly-supervised semantic segmentation. ArXiv e-prints (2015) [8] Alexe, B., et. al: Measuring the objectness of image windows. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (2012) [9] Koltun, V.: Efficient inference in fully connected crfs with gaussian edge potentials. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2011) Method Additional Supervision
Scene Segmentation and Categorization Using NCuts

For video summarization and retrieval, one of the important modules is to group temporal-spatial coherent shots into high-level semantic video clips namely scene segmentation. In this paper, we propose a novel scene segmentation and categorization approach using normalized graph cuts(NCuts). Starting from a set of shots, we first calculate shot similarity from shot key frames. Then by modeling scene segmentation as a graph partition problem where each node is a shot and the weight of edge represents the similarity between two shots, we employ NCuts to find the optimal scene segmentation and automatically decide the optimum scene number by Q function. To discover more useful information from scenes, we analyze the temporal layout patterns of shots, and automatically categorize scenes into two different types, i.e. parallel event scenes and serial event scenes. Extensive experiments are tested on movie, and TV series. The promising results demonstrate that the proposed NCuts based scene segmentation and categorization methods are effective in practice.
Stochastic models underlying Croston ' s method for intermittent demand forecasting

Croston’s method is a widely used to predict inventory demand when it is inter­ mittent. However, it is an ad hoc method with no properly formulated underlying stochastic model. In this paper, we explore possible models underlying Croston’s method and three related methods, and we show that any underlying model will be inconsistent with the prop­ erties of intermittent demand data. However, we find that the point forecasts and prediction intervals based on such underlying models may still be useful. [JEL: C53, C22, C51]
Eye Movement Based Electronic Wheel Chair For Physically Challenged Persons

A powered wheel chair is a mobility-aided device for persons with moderate/severe physical disabilities or chronic diseases as well as the elderly. In order to take care for different disabilities, various kinds of interfaces have been developed for powered wheelchair control; such as joystick control, head control and sip-puff control. Many people with disabilities do not have the ability to control powered wheel chair using the above mentioned interfaces. The proposed model is a possible alternative. In this paper, we use the optical-type eye tracking system to control powered wheel chair. User‘s eye movement are translated to screen position using the optical type eye tracking system. When user looks at appropriate angle, then computer input system will send command to the software based on the angle of rotation of pupil i.e., when user moves his eyes balls up (move forward), left (move left), right (move right) in all other cases wheel chair will stop. Once the image has been processed it moves onto the second part, our microprocessor. The microprocessor will take a USB output from the laptop and convert the signal into signals that will be sent to the wheelchair wheels for movement. Also, the pressure and object detection sensors will be connected to our microprocessor to provide necessary feedback for proper operation of the wheelchair system. The final part of the project is the wheelchair itself. The rear wheels will provide forward. The front two wheels will be used for steering left and right. All four wheels will be connected to our microprocessor that will send signals to control the wheels and thus the overall movement.
A one-year prospective study of the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the highest available dose of paliperidone palmitate in patients with schizophrenia

BACKGROUND
There are no previous reports of paliperidone palmitate's (PP) long term tolerability or pharmacokinetics of the highest dose in patients with schizophrenia. This study evaluates safety and tolerability, as well as pharmacokinetics, of the highest marketed dose of PP (150 mg eq. [234 mg]) in stable patients with schizophrenia over a 1-year period.


METHODS
In this 1-year prospective study, eligible patients (aged 18-65 years; Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale's total score ≤ 70) received an initial deltoid injection of PP 150 mg eq. The second injection one week later and subsequent once-monthly injections were deltoid or gluteal. All injections were to be PP 150 mg eq. Patients willing to participate in intensive pharmacokinetic sampling were classified as Treatment A. Patients unwilling to undergo intensive pharmacokinetic sampling or unable to tolerate the 150 mg eq. dose (consequently receiving flexible doses of 50, 100 or 150 mg eq.) were classified as Treatment B.


RESULTS
Of the 212 patients (safety analysis set), 73% were men; 45% white; 20% black; 34% Asians; mean (SD) age 41 (10.2) years, and mean (SD) baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score 54.9 (9.03). A total of 53% (n = 113) patients completed the study and 104 received PP 150 mg eq. throughout. Mean (SD) mode dose of PP was 144.8 (19.58) mg eq. The dosing initiation regimen resulted in rapidly achieved and maintained therapeutic paliperidone levels over the study (average concentrations during the dosing interval were 34.7, 40.0, and 47.8 ng/mL after the 2nd, 8th, and 14th injection respectively). Most frequent (≥ 10%) treatment-emergent adverse events were nasopharyngitis (n = 37), insomnia (n = 32), injection-site pain (n = 32), headache (n = 28), and tachycardia (n = 27). Akathisia (n = 19) and tremor (n = 11) were the most common extrapyramidal adverse events. 33 patients had an SAE and 27 discontinued due to treatment-emergent adverse events. No deaths were reported. Mean (SD) weight change from baseline was 2.5 (5.41) kg at endpoint. Patients' psychoses remained stable.


CONCLUSIONS
Safety results after one-year therapy with the highest available dose of once-monthly paliperidone palmitate were consistent with results from previous studies, with no new concerns noted. Plasma concentrations were within the expected range.


TRIAL REGISTRATION NO
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01150448.
Associations of social and environmental supports with sedentary behavior, light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in obese underserved adolescents

BACKGROUND
Evidence to support differential health impacts of sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is building. However, few studies have examined individual, social, and environmental supports across the full range of sedentary and physical activities, including key influences such as self-efficacy, parenting factors, and home and neighborhood resources. This may be particularly important in underserved (low-income, minority), overweight/obese adolescents due to the social and environmental challenges (lack of resources, etc.) associated with increasing MVPA. This study evaluated a range of bioecological factors including individual (self-efficacy), parental (parental support, monitoring, limit-setting, and nurturance), and environmental (perceived home resources for PA and neighborhood support for PA) predictors of SB, LPA and MVPA in overweight/obese adolescents.


METHODS
Overweight/obese and predominantly minority adolescents and caregivers (n = 181) completed measures in 2010 in the US including surveys assessing self-efficacy for PA, parenting variables related to PA and home and neighborhood supports for PA. Outcomes included 7-day accelerometer estimates of SB, LPA, and MVPA.


RESULTS
Regression analyses showed parental social support and neighborhood support were significantly associated with LPA. No significant associations were found for SB or MVPA.


CONCLUSIONS
Results emphasized the importance of examining a range of sedentary and PA intensities and highlighted the role of parental and neighborhood social supports for LPA. These results have important implications that suggest that health promotion efforts should target social and environmental supports for increasing LPA in youth who are overweight/obese.
Co-eruption of carbonate and silicate magmas during volcanism in the Limagne graben (French Massif Central)

Abstract Peperites in the Limagne graben (French Massif Central) have been interpreted up to now as phreatomagmatic eruptions involving fragmentation of sedimentary rocks during magma–water interaction. We report about the possible magmatic origin of the carbonates involved in the peperites from Gergovie and Pileyre localities. In these two volcanic deposits, carbonates are manly dolomitic in composition, while the Limagne sediments are almost exclusively detrital formations or limestones. In the studied rocks, the carbonates can be found in different habits, but are sometimes closely associated with Cr-diopsides and Cr-spinels, minerals never found in the Limagne Miocene volcanic rocks and related to deep mantle processes. Dykes crosscutting the layered deposits are mainly composed of euhedral dolomite grains. Trace elements and Sr isotopes confirm that the carbonates are chemically different compared to the sedimentary rocks from the Limagne and therefore that the studied volcanic rocks are not a mixing between silicate magma and the local sediments. Based on our new petrological and geochemical data, we interpret these carbonates as evidence for the eruption of carbonatitic magmas associated with the silicate magmas found in the deposits. The high Sr isotopic ratios of these rocks imply the melting of an enriched metasomatised mantle for the source of the carbonates, as already advocated for many ultrapotassic or carbonatitic volcanic rocks in Europe. These results call for a reappraisal of the origin of the volcanism in the Limagne volcanic province and more generally of the carbonatitic volcanic provinces in Western Europe.
Metformin affects macrophages' phenotype and improves the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and decreases malondialdehyde concentration in a partially AMPK-independent manner in LPS-stimulated human monocytes/macrophages.

BACKGROUND
Diabetic patients experience accelerated atherosclerosis. Metformin is a cornerstone of the current therapy of type 2 diabetes. Macrophages are the key cells associated with the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, our aim was to assess the in vitro effects of metformin on macrophages and its influence on the mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerosis.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from the group including 16 age-matched healthy non-smoking volunteers aged 18-40 years. Monocytes were further incubated with metformin, LPS and compound C--a pharmacological inhibitor of AMPK. The impact of metformin on oxidative stress markers, antioxidative properties, inflammatory cytokines and phenotypical markers of macrophages was studied.


RESULTS
We showed that macrophages treated with metformin expressed less reactive oxygen species (ROS), which resulted from increased antioxidative potential. Furthermore, a reduction in inflammatory cytokines was observed. We also observed a phenotypic shift toward the alternative activation of macrophages that was induced by metformin. All the aforementioned results resulted from AMPK activation, but a residual activity of metformin after AMPK blockade was still noticeable even after inhibition of AMPK by compound C.


CONCLUSIONS
Authors believe that metformin-based therapy, a cornerstone in diabetes therapy, not only improves the prognosis of diabetics by reducing blood glucose but also by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine production and the shift toward alternative activation of macrophages.
On the Integration of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Positive Psychology

Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) has received extensive empirical support as an efficacious intervention for the acute treatment of major depressive disorder and the prevention of depressive relapse. Nevertheless, many patients do not respond favorably to CBT, and the specific active ingredients of CBT remain unclear. Vv'ith its emphasis on identifying and cultivating individual strengths, however, positive psychology appears to have considerable potential to enhance the efficacy of CBT and to help clarify the processes that mediate its salubrious effects. We outline existing areas of conceptual and technical overlap between CBT and positive psychology, and discuss how CBT may be extended and improved through the incorporation of positive psychological principles.
Effective-field theory and the nuclear many-body problem

Abstract.We review many-body calculations of the equation of state of dilute neutron matter in the context of effective-field theories of the nucleon-nucleon interaction.
An actuarial model of violence risk assessment for persons with mental disorders.

OBJECTIVES
An actuarial model was developed in the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study to predict violence in the community among patients who have recently been discharged from psychiatric facilities. This model, called the multiple iterative classification tree (ICT) model, showed considerable accuracy in predicting violence in the construction sample. The purpose of the study reported here was to determine the validity of the multiple ICT model in distinguishing between patients with high and low risk of violence in the community when applied to a new sample of individuals.


METHODS
Software incorporating the multiple ICT model was administered with independent samples of acutely hospitalized civil patients. Patients who were classified as having a high or a low risk of violence were followed in the community for 20 weeks after discharge. Violence included any battery with physical injury, use of a weapon, threats made with a weapon in hand, and sexual assault.


RESULTS
Expected rates of violence in the low- and high-risk groups were 1 percent and 64 percent, respectively. Observed rates of violence in the low- and high-risk groups were 9 percent and 35 percent, respectively, when a strict definition of violence was used, and 9 percent and 49 percent, respectively, when a slightly more inclusive definition of violence was used. These findings may reflect the "shrinkage" expected in moving from construction to validation samples.


CONCLUSIONS
The multiple ICT model may be helpful to clinicians who are faced with making decisions about discharge planning for acutely hospitalized civil patients.
Data Mining and Constraint Programming

This chapter presents an introduction to combinatorial optimisation in the context of the high-level modelling platform, Numberjack. The process of developing an effective model for a combinatorial problem is presented, along with details on how such problems can be solved using three of the most prominent solution paradigms.
Investigation on radio wave propagation in shallow seawater: Simulations and measurements

The authors present full wave simulations and experimental results of propagation of electromagnetic waves in shallow seawaters. Transmitter and receiver antennas are ten-turns loops placed on the seabed. Some propagation frameworks are presented and simulated. Finally, simulation results are compared with experimental ones.
Reading the public comment : the keystone XL pipeline and future of environmental writing

Reading the public comment : the keystone XL pipeline and future of environmental writing. Knowledge which goes so far as to accept horror in order to know it, reveals the horror of knowledge, its squalor, the discrete complicity which maintains it in relation with the most insupportable aspects of power. Maurice Blanchot The Writing of the Disaster Theory can be the very place where this negative knowledge about the reliability of theory's own operative principles is made accessible, and where theoretical categories, like all classificatory schemes, keep on being voided, rather than appropriated, reiterated, safeguarded. Trinh T. Minh-Ha " Documentary Is/Not a Name " A desire for a social, political dimension in writing…has meant, in recent years, a conception of writing as politics, not writing about politics… Bruce Andrews " Poetry as Explanation, Poetry as Praxis " ii Nebraska's Sandhills, a cattle ranching region of grass-stabilized sand dunes and inter-dunal valleys, stretches 20,000-square miles across the north-central part of this Great Plains state—the equivalent of four Connecticuts. 1 It is the largest sand dune system in North America, and among the four largest on Earth. Despite its name, the region's riches – in ecosystems of ecology and economy – reside in water, not sand per se. Beneath the vast network of undulating sand dunes sprawls an equally vast hydrological network, including the largest freshwater aquifer in the world – the Ogallala aquifer, which supplies drinking water for eight states and about 30 percent of the groundwater used for irrigation in this country. 2 If geomorphology tells us to look at the relationship between topography and the geologic structures sustaining it – a surface and the infrastructure it's built upon-within – then to understand " the Sandhills " not just as a name and landscape but as a place represented in discourse and language, we need to understand the deep structures propping up the idea and image of 2 the Sandhills. They have been described, variously, as " fragile " 3 (for their rare sandy soil type—entisols), as " distinct " (home to 720 different plant species), as " mostly intact " 4 – and, as such, a place whose " ecosystem sensitivities " often dissuade cattle ranchers from overgrazing (so as to prevent erosion, ensuring sand-tolerant grass species their habitat). Very little of the Sandhills has been plowed (often, simply, because it's impossible: we're talking about sand, not soil). 5 …
The MIT super mini cheetah: A small, low-cost quadrupedal robot for dynamic locomotion

We present the MIT Super Mini Cheetah, a small (sub-10kg) and low-cost (sub-10k$) quadrupedal robot for dynamic locomotion. The robot can control vertical and horizontal force and impedance at each foot and performs dynamically stable walking, jumping, pronking, turning and braking using simple force and impedance trajectories. We present design specifications for dynamic legs which were used to guide the selection of leg components (e.g., motor, gearbox, and limb geometry). We demonstrate experimental evidence of accurate force control during foot-ground impact and present video of locomotion gaits performed by the robot. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first small (sub-10kg), power autonomous quadrupedal robot to perform such a wide range of ballistic locomotion behaviors and demonstrate foot force control during impact.
Deletion 3q22.1-q23 with blepharophimosis, ptosis and epicanthus inversus and an Albright hereditary osteodystrophy-like brachydactyly phenotype.

Introduction Blepharophimosis, ptosis and epicanthus inversus (BPES) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the FOXL2 gene, located on chromosome 3q23 (Beysen et al., 2005). It has frequently been reported in association with 3q chromosomal deletions and rearrangements (Franceschini et al., 1983; Al-Awadi et al., 1986; Alvarado et al., 1987; Jewett et al., 1993; Costa et al., 1998). In a review of the phenotype associated with interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 3, Alvarado et al. (1987) commented on brachydactyly and abnormalities of the hands and feet. A syndrome characterized by growth and developmental delay, microcephaly, ptosis, blepharophimosis, large abnormally shaped ears, and a prominent nasal tip was suggested to be associated with deletion of the 3q2 region.