LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Wide-coverage probabilistic sentence processing.

This paper describes a fully implemented, broad-coverage model of human syntactic processing. The model uses probabilistic parsing techniques, which combine phrase structure, lexical category, and limited subcategory probabilities with an incremental, left-to-right "pruning" mechanism based on cascaded Markov models. The parameters of the system are established through a uniform training algorithm, which determines maximum-likelihood estimates from a parsed corpus. The probabilistic parsing mechanism enables the system to achieve good accuracy on typical, "garden-variety" language (i.e., when tested on corpora). Furthermore, the incremental probabilistic ranking of the preferred analyses during parsing also naturally explains observed human behavior for a range of garden-path structures. We do not make strong psychological claims about the specific probabilistic mechanism discussed here, which is limited by a number of practical considerations. Rather, we argue incremental probabilistic parsing models are, in general, extremely well suited to explaining this dual nature--generally good and occasionally pathological--of human linguistic performance.
Effects of carotid endarterectomy or stenting on blood pressure in the International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS).

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Arterial hypotension is more frequently observed early after carotid artery stenting (CAS) than after carotid endarterectomy (CEA), but their long-term effects on blood pressure (BP) are unclear. We compared the effects of CAS and CEA on BP up to 1 year after treatment in the International Carotid Stenting Study.


METHODS
Patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis were randomly allocated to CAS or CEA. Systolic and diastolic BP were recorded at baseline, at discharge, and at 1, 6, and 12 months. Antihypertensive medication use was recorded. A per-protocol analysis was performed. Patients with missing BP records were excluded. Between-group BP changes were compared and adjusted for baseline covariates with linear regression. Within-group BP changes were compared with the paired t test.


RESULTS
CAS (N=587) and CEA (N=637) were both associated with a decrease in BP at discharge, which was greater after CAS (mean difference in systolic BP between groups, 10.3 mm Hg; 95% CI, 7.3-13.3; P<0.0001; in diastolic BP, 4.1 mm Hg; 95% CI, 2.4-5.7; P<0.0001). During follow-up, BP changes were not different between groups. Adjustment for differences in baseline characteristics did not change the results. Fewer patients undergoing CAS used antihypertensive medication during follow-up than patients undergoing CEA (relative risk at 12 months, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.97; P=0.0073).


CONCLUSIONS
CAS leads to a larger early decrease in BP than CEA, but this effect does not persist over time. CAS may lessen the requirement for antihypertensive medication more than CEA. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: www.controlled-trials.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN25337470.
Effect of costing methods on unit cost of hospital medical services.

OBJECTIVE
To explore the variance of unit costs of hospital medical services due to different costing methods employed in the analysis.


METHODS
Retrospective and descriptive study at Kaengkhoi District Hospital, Saraburi Province, Thailand, in the fiscal year 2002. The process started with a calculation of unit costs of medical services as a base case. After that, the unit costs were re-calculated based on various methods. Finally, the variations of the results obtained from various methods and the base case were computed and compared.


RESULTS
The total annualized capital cost of buildings and capital items calculated by the accounting-based approach (averaging the capital purchase prices throughout their useful life) was 13.02% lower than that calculated by the economic-based approach (combination of depreciation cost and interest on undepreciated portion over the useful life). A change of discount rate from 3% to 6% results in a 4.76% increase of the hospital's total annualized capital cost. When the useful life of durable goods was changed from 5 to 10 years, the total annualized capital cost of the hospital decreased by 17.28% from that of the base case. Regarding alternative criteria of indirect cost allocation, unit cost of medical services changed by a range of -6.99% to +4.05%. We explored the effect on unit cost of medical services in one department. Various costing methods, including departmental allocation methods, ranged between -85% and +32% against those of the base case. Based on the variation analysis, the economic-based approach was suitable for capital cost calculation. For the useful life of capital items, appropriate duration should be studied and standardized. Regarding allocation criteria, single-output criteria might be more efficient than the combined-output and complicated ones. For the departmental allocation methods, micro-costing method was the most suitable method at the time of study.


CONCLUSIONS
These different costing methods should be standardized and developed as guidelines since they could affect implementation of the national health insurance scheme and health financing management.
Nasal bone hypoplasia in trisomy 21 at 15-22 weeks' gestation.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the potential value of ultrasound examination of the fetal profile for present/hypoplastic fetal nasal bone at 15-22 weeks' gestation as a marker for trisomy 21.


METHODS
This was an observational ultrasound study in 1046 singleton pregnancies undergoing amniocentesis for fetal karyotyping at 15-22 (median, 17) weeks' gestation. Immediately before amniocentesis the fetal profile was examined to determine if the nasal bone was present or hypoplastic (absent or shorter than 2.5 mm). The incidence of nasal hypoplasia in the trisomy 21 and the chromosomally normal fetuses was determined and the likelihood ratio for trisomy 21 for nasal hypoplasia was calculated.


RESULTS
All fetuses were successfully examined for the presence of the nasal bone. The nasal bone was hypoplastic in 21/34 (61.8%) fetuses with trisomy 21, in 12/982 (1.2%) chromosomally normal fetuses and in 1/30 (3.3%) fetuses with other chromosomal defects. In 3/21 (14.3%) trisomy 21 fetuses with nasal hypoplasia there were no other abnormal ultrasound findings. In the chromosomally normal group hypoplastic nasal bone was found in 0.5% of Caucasians and in 8.8% of Afro-Caribbeans. The likelihood ratio for trisomy 21 for hypoplastic nasal bone was 50.5 (95% CI 27.1-92.7) and for present nasal bone it was 0.38 (95% CI 0.24-0.56).


CONCLUSION
Nasal bone hypoplasia at the 15-22-week scan is associated with a high risk for trisomy 21 and it is a highly sensitive and specific marker for this chromosomal abnormality.
Domination in bipolar fuzzy graphs

The concepts of cardinality, dominating set, independent set, total dominating number and independent dominating number of bipolar fuzzy graphs are introduced and investigated. The notion of an irredundance number of a bipolar fuzzy graph is also discussed.
The Role of IS Capabilities in the Development of Multi-Sided Platforms: The Digital Ecosystem Strategy of Alibaba.com

Research Article Multi-sided platforms (MSP) are revolutionizing the global competitive landscape in the new networked economy. Yet, although these MSPs are underpinned by information systems (IS), there is currently little research on how the IS capabilities of the platform sponsor can influence, and co-evolve with, the development of the platform over time. The lack of knowledge in this area may account for the difficulties faced by a significant number of platform sponsors in developing their MSPs effectively. Using a case study of Alibaba.com, one of the world's largest and most commercially successful online MSP, we inductively derive a process theory of MSP development from an IS capability perspective to address this knowledge gap. The process model reveals that the role of IS capabilities in MSP development is evolutionary in nature, and the antecedent IS capabilities, nature, and outcomes of MSP development can be dramatically different in the various stages of development.
An 8Gb/s 1.5mW/Gb/s 8-tap 6b NRZ/PAM-4 Tomlinson-Harashima precoding transmitter for future memory-link applications in 22nm CMOS

Memory links use variable-impedance drivers, feed-forward equalization (FFE) [1], on-die termination (ODT) and slew-rate control to optimize the signal integrity (SI). An asymmetric DRAM link configuration exploits the availability of a fast CMOS technology on the memory controller side to implement powerful equalization, while keeping the circuit complexity on the DRAM side relatively simple. This paper proposes the use of Tomlinson Harashima precoding (THP) [2-4] in a memory controller as replacement of the afore-mentioned SI optimization techniques. THP is a transmitter equalization technique in which post-cursor inter-symbol interference (ISI) is cancelled by means of an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter with modulo-based amplitude limitation; similar to a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) on the receive side. However, in contrast to a DFE, THP does not suffer from error propagation.
A Compact, Modular Series Elastic Actuator

This paper presents the development of a compact, modular rotary series elastic actuator (SEA) design that can be customized to meet the requirements of a wide range of applications. The concept incorporates flat brushless motors and planetary gearheads instead of expensive harmonic drives and a flat torsional spring design to create a lightweight, lowvolume, easily reconfigurable, and relatively high-performance modular SEA for use in active impedance controlled devices. The key innovations include a Hall effect sensor for direct spring displacement measurements that mitigate the negative impact of backlash on SEA control performance. Both torque and impedance controllers are developed and evaluated using a 1-degree-of-freedom (DoF) prototype of the proposed actuator package. The results demonstrate the performance of a stable first-order impedance controller tested over a range of target impedances. Finally, the flexibility of the modular SEA is demonstrated by configuring it for use in five different actuator specifications designed for use in the uBot-7 mobile manipulator requiring spring stiffnesses from 3 N m/deg to 11.25 N m/deg and peak torque outputs from 12 N m to 45 N m. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4032975]
Regulation of metabolic networks by small molecule metabolites

The ability to regulate metabolism is a fundamental process in living systems. We present an analysis of one of the mechanisms by which metabolic regulation occurs: enzyme inhibition and activation by small molecules. We look at the network properties of this regulatory system and the relationship between the chemical properties of regulatory molecules. We find that many features of the regulatory network, such as the degree and clustering coefficient, closely match those of the underlying metabolic network. While these global features are conserved across several organisms, we do find local differences between regulation in E. coli and H. sapiens which reflect their different lifestyles. Chemical structure appears to play an important role in determining a compounds suitability for use in regulation. Chemical structure also often determines how groups of similar compounds can regulate sets of enzymes. These groups of compounds and the enzymes they regulate form modules that mirror the modules and pathways of the underlying metabolic network. We also show how knowledge of chemical structure and regulation could be used to predict regulatory interactions for drugs. The metabolic regulatory network shares many of the global properties of the metabolic network, but often varies at the level of individual compounds. Chemical structure is a key determinant in deciding how a compound is used in regulation and for defining modules within the regulatory system.
A Baseline 6 Degree of Freedom ( DOF ) Mathematical Model of a Generic Missile

This report describes a 6 degree-of-freedom mathematical model of a generic missile engagement. The model is to be used as a baseline or template for missile 6 DOF computer simulation models. This documentation will form part of the documentation for all derived models
Associations between care pathways and outcome 1 year after severe traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE
To assess associations between real-world care pathways for working-age patients in the first year after severe traumatic brain injury and outcomes at 1 year.


SETTING AND DESIGN
Prospective, observational study with recruitment from 6 neurosurgical centers in Sweden and Iceland. Follow-up to 1 year, independently of care pathways, by rehabilitation physicians and paramedical professionals.


PARTICIPANTS
Patients with severe traumatic brain injury, lowest (nonsedated) Glasgow Coma Scale score 3 to 8 during the first 24 hours and requiring neurosurgical intensive care, age 18 to 65 years, and alive 3 weeks after injury.


MAIN MEASURES
Length of stay in intensive care, time between intensive care discharge and rehabilitation admission, outcome at 1 year (Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended score), acute markers of injury severity, preexisting medical conditions, and post-acute complications. Logistic regression analyses were performed.


RESULTS
A multivariate model found variables significantly associated with outcome (odds ratio for good outcome [confidence interval], P value) to be as follows: length of stay in intensive care (0.92 [0.87-0.98], 0.014), time between intensive care discharge and admission to inpatient rehabilitation (0.97 [0.94-0.99], 0.017), and post-acute complications (0.058 [0.006-0.60], 0.017).


CONCLUSIONS
Delays in rehabilitation admission were negatively associated with outcome. Measures to ensure timely rehabilitation admission may improve outcome. Further research is needed to evaluate possible causation.
A Fault Location Algorithm Based on Circuit Analysis for Untransposed Parallel Transmission Lines

This paper proposes a fault-location algorithm for ultra-high-voltage untransposed parallel transmission lines that only use the voltages and currents at the local end. The proposed algorithm uses the voltage equation for the faulted phase of the faulted line. The equation contains the fault distance, fault resistance, and fault current. To obtain the fault current, Kirchhoff's voltage law is applied on the loops of three phases consisting of the faulted line and the adjacent parallel line. The fault current can be represented in terms of the fault distance. Inserting the fault current into the voltage equation results in an equation that contains only two parameters (i.e., the fault distance and fault resistance). The fault distance is estimated by solving the equation. Test results indicated that the algorithm accurately estimates the fault distance regardless of the fault resistance and mutual coupling effects.
A method for the mapping of conceptual designs to logical blueprints for ETL processes

Extraction–Transformation–Loading (ETL) tools are pieces of software responsible for the extraction of data from several sources, their cleansing, customization and insertion into a data warehouse. In previous work, we presented a modeling framework for ETL processes comprised of a conceptual model that concretely deals with the early stages of a data warehouse project, and a logical model that deals with the definition of data-centric workflows. In this paper, we describe the mapping of the conceptual model to the logical model. First, we identify how conceptual entities are mapped to logical entities. Next, we determine the execution order in the logical workflow using information adapted from the conceptual model. Finally, we provide a method for the transition from the conceptual model to the logical model. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Assembly Guidance in Augmented Reality Environments Using a Virtual Interactive Tool

The application of augmented reality (AR) technology for assembly guidance is a novel approach in the traditional manufacturing domain. In this paper, we propose an AR approach for assembly guidance using a virtual interactive tool that is intuitive and easy to use. The virtual interactive tool, termed the Virtual Interaction Panel (VirIP), involves two tasks: the design of the VirIPs and the real-time tracking of an interaction pen using a Restricted Coulomb Energy (RCE) neural network. The VirIP includes virtual buttons, which have meaningful assembly information that can be activated by an interaction pen during the assembly process. A visual assembly tree structure (VATS) is used for information management and assembly instructions retrieval in this AR environment. VATS is a hierarchical tree structure that can be easily maintained via a visual interface. This paper describes a typical scenario for assembly guidance using VirIP and VATS. The main characteristic of the proposed AR system is the intuitive way in which an assembly operator can easily step through a pre-defined assembly plan/sequence without the need of any sensor schemes or markers attached on the assembly components.
Automatic Text Summarization

This work proposes an approach to address automatic text summarization. This approach is a trainable summarizer, which takes into account several features, including sentence position, positive keyword, negative keyword, sentence centrality, sentence resemblance to the title, sentence inclusion of name entity, sentence inclusion of numerical data, sentence relative length, Bushy path of the sentence and aggregated similarity for each sentence to generate summaries. First we investigate the effect of each sentence feature on the summarization task. Then we use all features score function to train genetic algorithm (GA) and mathematical regression (MR) models to obtain a suitable combination of feature weights. The proposed approach performance is measured at several compression rates on a data corpus composed of 100 English religious articles. The results of the proposed approach are promising. Keywords—Automatic Summarization, Genetic Algorithm, Mathematical Regression, Text Features.
Effects of DHA- Rich n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Gene Expression in Blood Mononuclear Leukocytes: The OmegAD Study

BACKGROUND
Dietary fish oil, rich in n-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs), e.g. docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), regulate inflammatory reactions by various mechanisms, e.g. gene activation. However, the effects of long-term treatment with DHA and EPA in humans, using genome wide techniques, are poorly described. Hence, our aim was to determine the effects of 6 mo of dietary supplementation with an n-3 FA preparation rich in DHA on global gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.


METHODS AND FINDINGS
In the present study, blood samples were obtained from a subgroup of 16 patients originating from the randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled OmegAD study, where 174 Alzheimer disease (AD) patients received daily either 1.7 g of DHA and 0.6 g EPA or placebo for 6 months. In blood samples obtained from 11 patients receiving n-3 FA and five placebo, expressions of approximately 8000 genes were assessed by gene array. Significant changes were confirmed by real-time PCR. At 6 months, the n-3 FAs group displayed significant rises of DHA and EPA plasma concentrations, as well as up- and down-regulation of nine and ten genes, respectively, was noticed. Many of these genes are involved in inflammation regulation and neurodegeneration, e.g. CD63, MAN2A1, CASP4, LOC399491, NAIP, and SORL1 and in ubiqutination processes, e.g. ANAPC5 and UBE2V1. Down-regulations of ANAPC5 and RHOB correlated to increases of plasma DHA and EPA levels.


CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that 6 months of dietary n-3 FA supplementation affected expression of genes that might influence inflammatory processes and could be of significance for AD.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00211159.
Compliance with joint commission measures in state-designated stroke centers.

BACKGROUND
Comparison of state-designated primary and comprehensive stroke centers (PSCs and CSCs) with regard to adherence to nationally accepted performance standards are scarce. The objective of this study was to examine if a significant association exists between level of designation and fulfillment of Joint Commission (JC) stroke core measures.


METHODS
A retrospective comparative data analysis of the New Jersey acute stroke registry for the calendar years 2010 and 2011 was performed. JC core measures were compared by hospital level (PSCs vs CSCs). Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated for association between hospital levels and fulfillment of JC core measures. Median door-to-thrombolytic time was also compared.


RESULTS
There were 36,892 acute stroke admissions. PSCs had 60% of the patients, whereas CSCs had 40%. Hemorrhagic stroke admissions were about 2 times more frequent at CSCs than PSCs (13.3% and 7.1%, respectively). CSCs adhered better to 6 of the 8 JC measures than PSCs. Of eligible patients, 19.5% received thrombolytic therapy at CSCs compared to 9.6% at PSCs, with a 44% difference in provision of thrombolytic therapy (aOR = 0.28, 95% confidence interval: 0.24-0.34). Median door-to-thrombolytic drug times was 65 minutes at CSCs compared to 74.0 minutes at PSCs (P < 0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
New Jersey state-designated CSCs are better at adhering to the JC core stroke measures and have shorter door-to-thrombolytic drug times.
Focused Hierarchical RNNs for Conditional Sequence Processing

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with attention mechanisms have obtained state-of-the-art results for many sequence processing tasks. Most of these models use a simple form of encoder with attention that looks over the entire sequence and assigns a weight to each token independently. We present a mechanism for focusing RNN encoders for sequence modelling tasks which allows them to attend to key parts of the input as needed. We formulate this using a multilayer conditional sequence encoder that reads in one token at a time and makes a discrete decision on whether the token is relevant to the context or question being asked. The discrete gating mechanism takes in the context embedding and the current hidden state as inputs and controls information flow into the layer above. We train it using policy gradient methods. We evaluate this method on several types of tasks with different attributes. First, we evaluate the method on synthetic tasks which allow us to evaluate the model for its generalization ability and probe the behavior of the gates in more controlled settings. We then evaluate this approach on large scale Question Answering tasks including the challenging MS MARCO and SearchQA tasks. Our models shows consistent improvements for both tasks over prior work and our baselines. It has also shown to generalize significantly better on synthetic tasks as compared to the baselines. Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms, Montreal, Canada Polytechnique Montreal Microsoft Research, Montreal Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland AdeptMind Scholar University of Montreal Senior Cifar Member McGill University Facebook AI Research, Montreal HEC Montreal. Correspondence to: Nan Rosemary Ke <rosemary.nan.ke@gmail.com>. Proceedings of the 35 th International Conference on Machine Learning, Stockholm, Sweden, PMLR 80, 2018. Copyright 2018 by the author(s).
Design of a Cascoded Operational Amplifier with High Gain

In this paper the design of a CMOS cascoded operational amplifier is described. Due to technology scaling the design of a former developed operational amplifier has now overcome its stability problems. A stable three stage operational amplifier is presented. A layout has been created automatically by using the ALADIN tool. With help of the extracted layout the performance data of the amplifier is simulated.