LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Local Knowledge to Enhance Energy-Efficient Geographic Routing

Geographic routing is one of the most widely-accepted techniques to route information in large-scale wireless sensor networks. It is based on a greedy forwarding strategy by which a sensor node selects as next hop relay the most promising neighbor (according to some metric) among those being closer to the destination than itself. This decision is based solely on the position of its neighbors and the destination. Given that sensor nodes are usually operated by batteries, energy-efficiency is a very important metric to be considered by the routing protocol. In this paper we present Locally-Optimal Source Routing (LOSR), a new localized and energy-efficient geographic routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Unlike existing energy-efficient geographic routing algorithms, in which current node routing the packet only considers nodes closer to destination than itself, LOSR uses all nodes in the neighborhood to compute a local energy-optimal path formed only by neighbors of the current node towards the selected next hop. Then, source routing is used to force data packets to follow that locally optimal path until next hop is reached. Our simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the best existing solution, over a variety of network densities and scenarios.
The Circadian Clock Modulates Global Daily Cycles of mRNA Ribosome Loading.

Circadian control of gene expression is well characterized at the transcriptional level, but little is known about diel or circadian control of translation. Genome-wide translation state profiling of mRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings grown in long day was performed to estimate ribosome loading per mRNA. The experiments revealed extensive translational regulation of key biological processes. Notably, translation of mRNAs for ribosomal proteins and mitochondrial respiration peaked at night. Central clock mRNAs are among those subject to fluctuations in ribosome loading. There was no consistent phase relationship between peak translation states and peak transcript levels. The overlay of distinct transcriptional and translational cycles can be expected to alter the waveform of the protein synthesis rate. Plants that constitutively overexpress the clock gene CCA1 showed phase shifts in peak translation, with a 6-h delay from midnight to dawn or from noon to evening being particularly common. Moreover, cycles of ribosome loading that were detected under continuous light in the wild type collapsed in the CCA1 overexpressor. Finally, at the transcript level, the CCA1-ox strain adopted a global pattern of transcript abundance that was broadly correlated with the light-dark environment. Altogether, these data demonstrate that gene-specific diel cycles of ribosome loading are controlled in part by the circadian clock.
Novel High Step-Up DC–DC Converter With Coupled-Inductor and Switched-Capacitor Techniques for a Sustainable Energy System

In this paper, a novel high step-up dc-dc converter is proposed for a sustainable energy system. The proposed converter uses coupled-inductor and switched-capacitor techniques. The capacitors are charged in parallel and discharged in series by the coupled inductor to achieve high step-up voltage gain with an appropriate duty ratio. Besides, the voltage stress on the main switch is reduced with a passive clamp circuit; low on-state resistance Rds(on) of the main switch can be adopted to reduce the conduction loss. In addition, the reverse-recovery problem of the diode is alleviated by a coupled inductor. Thus, the efficiency can be further improved. The operating principle and steady-state analyses of voltage gain are discussed in detail. Finally, a prototype circuit with 24-V input voltage, 400-V output voltage, and 200-W output power is implemented in the laboratory to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
Does feeding time affect fish welfare?

Increased aquaculture production has raised concerns about managing protocols to safeguard the welfare of farmed fish, as consumers demand responsible aquaculture practices to provide ‘welfare friendly’ products. Feeding is one of the largest production cost in a fish farm and can be one of the biggest stressors for fish. Under farming conditions, fish are challenged with artificial diets and feeding regimes, and inadequate feeding conditions cause stress, alteration of normal behavioural patterns, poor performance and eventually diseases and death, which are by no means acceptable neither economically nor ethically. This review aims to highlight the impact of feeding rhythms and feeding time upon physiological and behavioural welfare indicators, which show circadian rhythms as well. Therefore, all these variables should be considered when designing feeding strategies in farming conditions and assessing the welfare state of cultured fish.
Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research and education

John A. Bryan II, SCWDS/University of Georgia; David Byman, Pennsylvania State University–Worthington; Brent J. Danielson, Iowa State University; Janna Eggleston, Old Dominion University; Michael R. Gannon, Pennsylvania State University–Altoona; William L. Gannon, University of New Mexico; David W. Hale, United States Air Force Academy; Brett R. Jesmer, University of Wyoming; Daniel K. Odell, Hubbs–SeaWorld Research Institute; Link E. Olson, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Richard D. Stevens, Texas Tech University; Tracy A. Thompson, United States National Park Service; Robert M. Timm, University of Kansas; Stephanie A. Trewhitt, San Jose State University; Janna R. Willoughby, Purdue University.
Rehospitalizations among patients in the Medicare fee-for-service program.

BACKGROUND
Reducing rates of rehospitalization has attracted attention from policymakers as a way to improve quality of care and reduce costs. However, we have limited information on the frequency and patterns of rehospitalization in the United States to aid in planning the necessary changes.


METHODS
We analyzed Medicare claims data from 2003-2004 to describe the patterns of rehospitalization and the relation of rehospitalization to demographic characteristics of the patients and to characteristics of the hospitals.


RESULTS
Almost one fifth (19.6%) of the 11,855,702 Medicare beneficiaries who had been discharged from a hospital were rehospitalized within 30 days, and 34.0% were rehospitalized within 90 days; 67.1% [corrected] of patients who had been discharged with medical conditions and 51.5% of those who had been discharged after surgical procedures were rehospitalized or died within the first year after discharge. In the case of 50.2% [corrected] of the patients who were rehospitalized within 30 days after a medical discharge to the community, there was no bill for a visit to a physician's office between the time of discharge and rehospitalization. Among patients who were rehospitalized within 30 days after a surgical discharge, 70.5% were rehospitalized for a medical condition. We estimate that about 10% of rehospitalizations were likely to have been planned. The average stay of rehospitalized patients was 0.6 day longer than that of patients in the same diagnosis-related group whose most recent hospitalization had been at least 6 months previously. We estimate that the cost to Medicare of unplanned rehospitalizations in 2004 was $17.4 billion.


CONCLUSIONS
Rehospitalizations among Medicare beneficiaries are prevalent and costly.
Locus of feedback control in computer-based tutoring: impact on learning rate, achievement and attitudes

The advent of second-generation intelligent computer tutors raises an important instructional design question: when should tutorial advice be presented in problem solving? This paper examines four feedback conditions in the ACT Programming Tutor. Three versions offer the student different levels of control over error feedback and correction: (a) immediate feedback and immediate error correction; (b) immediate error flagging and student control of error correction; (c) feedback on demand and student control of error correction. A fourth, No-tutor condition offers no stepby-step problem solving support. The immediate feedback group with greatest tutor control of problem solving yielded the most efficient learning. These students completed the tutor problems fastest, and the three tutor-supported groups performed equivalently on tests. Questionnaires revealed little student preference among the four conditions. These results suggest that students will need explicit guidance to benefit from learning opportunities that arise when they have greater control over tutorial assistance.
Quality of care for major depression and its determinants: a multilevel analysis

BACKGROUND
Numerous studies highlight an important gap in the quality of care for depression in primary care. However, basic indicators were often used. Few of these studies examined factors associated with receiving adequate treatment, particularly with a simultaneous consideration of individual and organizational characteristics. The purpose of this study was to estimate the proportion of primary care patients with a major depressive episode (MDE) who receive adequate treatment and to examine the individual and organizational (i.e., clinic-level) characteristics associated with the receipt of at least one minimally adequate treatment for depression.


METHODS
The sample used for this study included 915 adults consulting a general practitioner (GP), regardless of the motive of consultation, meeting DSM-IV criteria for MDE during the 12 months preceding the survey (T1), and nested within 65 primary care clinics. Data reported in this study were obtained from the "Dialogue" project. Adherence rates for 27 quality indicators selected to cover the most important components of depression treatment were estimated. Multilevel analyses were conducted.


RESULTS
Adherence to guidelines was high (>75%) for one third of the quality indicators that were measured but was low (<60%) for nearly half of the measures. Just over half of the sample (52.2%) received at least one minimally adequate treatment for depression. At the individual level, determinants of receipt of minimally adequate care included age, having a family physician, a supplementary insurance coverage, a comorbid anxiety disorder and the severity of depression. At the clinic level, determinants included the availability of psychotherapy on-site, the use of treatment algorithms, and the mode of remuneration.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that interventions are needed to increase the extent to which primary mental health care conforms to evidence-based recommendations. These interventions should target specific populations (i.e. the younger adults and the elderly), enhance accessibility to psychotherapy and to a regular family physician, and support primary care physicians in their clinical practice with patients suffering from depression in different ways such as developing knowledge to treat depression and adapting mode of remuneration.
Implications of Placebo and Nocebo Effects for Clinical Practice: Expert Consensus.

BACKGROUND
Placebo and nocebo effects occur in clinical or laboratory medical contexts after administration of an inert treatment or as part of active treatments and are due to psychobiological mechanisms such as expectancies of the patient. Placebo and nocebo studies have evolved from predominantly methodological research into a far-reaching interdisciplinary field that is unravelling the neurobiological, behavioural and clinical underpinnings of these phenomena in a broad variety of medical conditions. As a consequence, there is an increasing demand from health professionals to develop expert recommendations about evidence-based and ethical use of placebo and nocebo effects for clinical practice.


METHODS
A survey and interdisciplinary expert meeting by invitation was organized as part of the 1st Society for Interdisciplinary Placebo Studies (SIPS) conference in 2017. Twenty-nine internationally recognized placebo researchers participated.


RESULTS
There was consensus that maximizing placebo effects and minimizing nocebo effects should lead to better treatment outcomes with fewer side effects. Experts particularly agreed on the importance of informing patients about placebo and nocebo effects and training health professionals in patient-clinician communication to maximize placebo and minimize nocebo effects.


CONCLUSIONS
The current paper forms a first step towards developing evidence-based and ethical recommendations about the implications of placebo and nocebo research for medical practice, based on the current state of evidence and the consensus of experts. Future research might focus on how to implement these recommendations, including how to optimize conditions for educating patients about placebo and nocebo effects and providing training for the implementation in clinical practice.
Diamondoid diacids ('O4' species) in oil sands process-affected water.

RATIONALE
As a by-product of oil sands extraction, large volumes of oil sands process water (OSPW) are generated, which are contaminated with a large range of water-soluble organic compounds. The acids are thought to be derived from hydrocarbons via natural biodegradation pathways such as α- and β-oxidation of alkyl substituents, which could produce mono- and diacids, for example. However, while several monoacids ('O2' species) have been identified, the presence of diacids (i.e. 'O4' species) has only been deduced from results obtained via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance high-resolution mass spectrometry (FTICR-HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) spectroscopy and the structures have never been confirmed.


METHODS
An extract of an OSPW from a Canadian tailings pond was analysed and the retention times and the electron ionization mass spectra of some analytes were compared with those of bis-methyl esters of authentic diacids by gas chromatography × gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/TOFMS) in nominal and accurate mass configurations.


RESULTS
Two diamondoid diacids (3-carboxymethyladamantane-1-carboxylic acid and adamantane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid) were firmly identified as their bis-methyl esters by retention time and mass spectral matching and several other structural isomers were more tentatively assigned. Diacids have substantially increased polarity over the hydrocarbon and monoacid species from which they probably derive: as late members of biodegradation processes they may be useful indicators of weathering and ageing, not only of OSPW, but potentially of crude oil residues more generally.


CONCLUSIONS
Structures of O4 species in OSPW have been identified. This confirms pathways of microbial biodegradation, which were only postulated previously, and may be a further indication that remediation of OSPW toxicity can occur by natural microbial action. The presence and abundance of these diacids might therefore be useful as a measure of biodegradation and weathering.
Teaching Approach for Autism Students: A Case in Malaysia

Abstract Children with Autism are isolated in their own nature, not because they are visually or hearing impaired but because of the difficulty of understanding what is happening around them. Pupils’ background of Autism disorders as expressed in terms of delayed language development, communication, social interaction and behavior have created problems for teachers when implementing the teaching and learning process in the classroom. This paper presents the findings of a case study conducted in Malaysia to identify teaching approaches applied by the teachers during the process of teaching pupils with Autism. This study was carried out by interviews with two teachers who teach Autism students in Special Education classes and a teacher who teaches Autism students in an Inclusive classroom. All respondents were selected based on criteria of already having more than five years teaching experience and a history of outstanding teacher awards over their service. Verbatim interview data are further supported by the observation data and document analysis. This study has demonstrated impressive results in which teachers are always trying to reach out and attract the attention of students with autism to focus on the classroom teaching by using the elements of love and profound concern. The study also found that patience was apparent in the teachers and exhibited at a high level on a continuous basis during teaching sessions; this was seen to alter some Autism students’ negative behavior to a more positive behavior.
Self-Organizing Maps And Software Reuse

Software reuse is the process of building new systems from existing components instead of developing these systems from scratch. For a long time now software reuse is repeatedly acknowledged for playing an essential role in overcoming the so-called software crisis, i.e. the late delivery of then still faulty software products. Current development practice as for example object-oriented analysis, design, and programming should in principle assist the proliferation of the reuse idea. However, before existing components may be considered for reuse they have to be found in a software library. As ever in any area relying on the retrieval of particular objects from a large data store, the process of retrieval may turn out to be rather cumbersome, especially when a large number of objects is contained in the data store and the success of the whole operation is dependent on the retrieval of a small number of relevant objects. With this work we address the assistance of such a retrieval process by means of using a connectionist representation of the contents of the software library. More precisely, we rely on the self-organizing map for software library organization. What makes this model especially attractive for an information retrieval task such as software library organization is the topology preserving learning process leading to a highly intuitive similarity visualization.
Four perspectives on self-management support by nurses for people with chronic conditions: a Q-methodological study.

BACKGROUND
Self-management support is a major task of nurses in chronic care. Several conceptualizations on what self-management support encompasses are described in the literature. However, nurses' attitudes and perceptions related to self-management support are not known.


OBJECTIVE
To reveal distinctive perspectives of nurses toward self-management support in chronic care.


DESIGN AND METHODS
A Q-methodological study was conducted in which nurses rank-ordered 37 statements on self-management support. Thereafter they motivated their ranking in semi-structured interviews.


PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
A purposive sample of 49 Dutch nurses with a variety of educational levels, age, and from different healthcare settings was invited by e-mail to participate in the study. Thirty-nine nurses (aged 21-54 years) eventually participated. The nurses worked in the following settings: hospital (n=11, 28%), home-care (n=14, 36%), mental health care (n=7, 17%), elderly care (n=6, 15%) and general practice (n=1, 3%).


RESULTS
Four distinct perspectives on the goals for self-management support were identified: the Coach, the Clinician, the Gatekeeper and the Educator perspective. The Coach nurse focuses on the patient's daily life activities, whereas the nurses of the Clinician type aim to achieve adherence to treatment. The goal of self-management support from the Gatekeeper perspective is to reduce health care costs. Finally, the Educator nurse focuses on instructing patients in managing the illness.


CONCLUSIONS
The changing role of chronic patients with regard to self-management asks for a new understanding of nurses' supportive tasks. Nurses appear to have dissimilar perceptions of what self-management support entails. These distinct perceptions reflect different patient realities and demand that nurses are capable of reflexivity and sensitivity to patient needs. Different perspectives toward self-management support also call for diverse competencies and consequently, also for adaptation of educational nursing programs.
CoVeR: Learning Covariate-Specific Vector Representations with Tensor Decompositions

Word embedding is a useful approach to capture co-occurrence structures in large text corpora. However, in addition to the text data itself, we often have additional covariates associated with individual corpus documents—e.g. the demographic of the author, time and venue of publication—and we would like the embedding to naturally capture this information. We propose CoVeR, a new tensor decomposition model for vector embeddings with covariates. CoVeR jointly learns a base embedding for all the words as well as a weighted diagonal matrix to model how each covariate affects the base embedding. To obtain author or venue-specific embedding, for example, we can then simply multiply the base embedding by the associated transformation matrix. The main advantages of our approach are data efficiency and interpretability of the covariate transformation. Our experiments demonstrate that our joint model learns substantially better covariate-specific embeddings compared to the standard approach of learning a separate embedding for each covariate using only the relevant subset of data, as well as other related methods. Furthermore, CoVeR encourages the embeddings to be “topic-aligned” in that the dimensions have specific independent meanings. This allows our covariate-specific embeddings to be compared by topic, enabling downstream differential analysis. We empirically evaluate the benefits of our algorithm on datasets, and demonstrate how it can be used to address many natural questions about covariate effects. Accompanying code to this paper can be found at http://github.com/kjtian/CoVeR. Equal contribution Department of Computer Science, Stanford University Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University. Correspondence to: Kevin Tian <kjtian@stanford.edu>. Proceedings of the 35 th International Conference on Machine Learning, Stockholm, Sweden, PMLR 80, 2018. Copyright 2018 by the author(s).
Subversive Game Design for Recursive Learning

How are players' expectations challenged through subverting common design patterns in digital games? The following paper outlines a game design experiment that combines state of the art learning research with game design. The goal of the game project is to explore how subversive design patterns can be created that force the players to rethink their expectations and interpretations. In the developed game Afterland various paradigm shifts subvert common gameplay patterns in order to encourage players to modify their anticipations. This is designed to provoke a corresponding paradigm shift in the players, forcing them to reassess certain expectations and to adopt new mental models, strategies, and goals other than those commonly found in games of this genre. The paper introduces recursive learning as a theoretical foundation for the game design process and offers constructive insight derived from this particular research-based game design project conducted at the Singapore-MIT GAMBIT Game Lab.