LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive representations of hand posture in ideomotor apraxia

Ideomotor apraxia (IM) is a disorder of skilled action characterized by spatiotemporal errors in pantomiming object use and in using objects. Recent evidence suggests that at least some patients with IM may exhibit particular deficits in forming hand configurations appropriate for object use. Sirigu et al. [Cortex 31 (1995) 41] reported an apraxic who positioned her hand inappropriately when attempting to use objects in accordance with stored knowledge of object-specific manipulation, but in reaching tasks could grasp the same objects appropriately in response to their structure. To this point, however, apraxics' ability to respond to functional and structural attributes of objects has not been empirically assessed. We investigated the hypothesis that patients with IM (n=9) due to left inferior parietal damage would be impaired in producing and recognizing hand postures associated with familiar objects, indicating deficient memorial representations for object-specific hand postures. In contrast, we predicted relatively unimpaired ability to produce and recognize appropriate hand postures with novel objects, indicating integrity of "on line" spatiomotor procedures coding hand position in response to object structure. Apraxics' performance was contrasted with 10 healthy controls and 8 brain-lesioned non-apraxics. Consistent with our predictions, the apraxics responded abnormally with familiar objects but normally in recognizing hand postures appropriate for novel objects. In addition, performance with objects calling for a prehensile response (pinch or clench) was superior to that with objects evoking a non-prehensile response (palm or poke). These data suggest degradation of inferior parietally-mediated representations of the precise hand postures associated with familiar objects. Furthermore, they are consistent with possible over-reliance upon dorsal system procedures for calculating precision and power grip in response to object structure.
Position Sort

Computer science has many important concepts which are used at a very large scale. It is frequently used by the real life and system applications. Sorting is one of the most important concepts in computer science. Through this paper, we are present a new concept of sorting named "Position Sort" which improves the sorting algorithm by reducing the swapping operation, which directly effects and improve the running time of algorithm. We solve the problem of sorting by various methods. Some methods are very complex to implement. The concept of position sort is very efficient and easy to implement. It increases the efficiency of problem by reducing the swapping operations. This algorithm uses the basic idea of sorting and produces the result. It places an element at their right position by a single swapping only.
Weak Converse Lyapunov Theorems and Control-Lyapunov Functions

Given a weakly uniformly globally asymptotically stable closed (not necessarily compact) set A for a differential inclusion that is defined on Rn, is locally Lipschitz on Rn\A, and satisfies other basic conditions, we construct a weak Lyapunov function that is locally Lipschitz on Rn. Using this result, we show that uniform global asymptotic controllability to a closed (not necessarily compact) set for a locally Lipschitz nonlinear control system implies the existence of a locally Lipschitz control-Lyapunov function, and from this control-Lyapunov function we construct a feedback that is robust to measurement noise.
Pressure ulcers are associated with 6-month mortality in elderly patients with hip fracture managed in orthogeriatric care pathway.

Despite orthogeriatric management, 12% of the elderly experienced PUs after hip fracture surgery. PUs were significantly associated with a low albumin level, history of atrial fibrillation coronary artery disease, and diabetes. The risk ratio of death at 6 months associated with pressure ulcer was 2.38 (95% CI 1.31-4.32%, p = 0.044).


INTRODUCTION
Pressure ulcers in hip fracture patients are frequent and associated with a poor outcome. An orthogeriatric management, recommended by international guidelines in hip fracture patients and including pressure ulcer prevention and treatment, could influence causes and consequences of pressure ulcer. However, remaining factors associated with pressure ulcer occurrence and prognostic value of pressure ulcer in hip fracture patients managed in an orthogeriatric care pathway remain unknown.


METHODS
From June 2009 to April 2015, all consecutive patients with hip fracture admitted to a unit for Post-operative geriatric care were evaluated for eligibility. Patients were included if their primary presentation was due to hip fracture and if they were ≥ 70 years of age. Patients were excluded in the presence of pathological fracture or if they were already hospitalized at the time of the fracture. In our unit, orthogeriatric principles are implemented, including a multi-component intervention to improve pressure ulcer prevention and management. Patients were followed-up until 6 months after discharge.


RESULTS
Five hundred sixty-seven patients were included, with an overall 14.4% 6-month mortality (95% CI 11.6-17.8%). Of these, 67 patients (12%) experienced at least one pressure ulcer. Despite orthogeriatric management, pressure ulcers were significantly associated with a low albumin level (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84-0.96; p = 0.003) and history of atrial fibrillation (RR 1.91, 95% CI 1.05-3.46; p = 0.033), coronary artery disease (RR 2.16, 95% CI 1.17-3.99; p = 0.014), and diabetes (RR 2.33, 95% CI 1.14-4.75; p = 0.02). A pressure ulcer was associated with 6-month mortality (RR 2.38, 95% CI 1.31-4.32, p = 0.044).


CONCLUSION
In elderly patients with hip fracture managed in an orthogeriatric care pathway, pressure ulcer remained associated with poorly modifiable risk factors and long-term mortality.
Compile-time meta-programming in a dynamically typed OO language

Compile-time meta-programming allows programs to be constructed by the user at compile-time. Although LISP derived languages have long had such facilities, few modern languages are capable of compile-time meta-programming, and of those that do many of the most powerful are statically typed functional languages. In this paper I present the dynamically typed object orientated language Converge which allows compile-time meta-programming in the spirit of Template Haskell. Converge demonstrates that integrating powerful, safe compile-time meta-programming features into a dynamic language requires few restrictions to the flexible development style facilitated by the paradigm. In this paper I detail Converge's compile-time meta-programming facilities, much of which is adapted from Template Haskell, contain several features new to the paradigm. Finally I explain how such a facility might be integrated into similar languages.
Discovering Discrete Latent Topics with Neural Variational Inference

Space Religion Encryption Sport Science space god encryption player science satellite atheism device hall theory april exist technology defensive scientific sequence atheist protect team universe launch moral americans average experiment president existence chip career observation station marriage use league evidence radar system privacy play exist training parent industry bob god committee murder enforcement year mistake
Influence of Ring Main Units and Substations on Online Partial-Discharge Detection and Location in Medium-Voltage Cable Networks

Online partial-discharge (PD) monitoring of medium-voltage power cables is traditionally performed on a cable between two consecutive ring main units (RMUs). PD location is achieved using a sensor at each cable end. Monitoring multiple consecutive cables, with RMUs in between, using a single monitoring system is more efficient. In addition, substations and RMUs without possibilities for sensor installation can be circumvented by installing the sensor at the next RMU. This paper studies how RMUs and substations along the cable under test affect online monitoring, including their influence on detection sensitivity, location accuracy, and charge estimate accuracy. Single-sided PD measurement, including PD location, with an RMU or substation at the far end is also considered. Models for RMUs and substations are proposed and verified by measurements. The performance of online PD monitoring is studied for a number of network configurations.
Survey on Electronic Voting Schemes ?

We present a survey on electronic voting schemes. We first summarize properties than such protocols should guarantee. In a second time we describe cryptographic primitives used in the context of electronic elections. Using these definitions we present a list of protocols and for each protocol we mention claimed, supposed, achieved or proven properties. When it is possible we also give existing or new attacks.
The relationship between parental substance abuse and child maltreatment: findings from the Ontario Health Supplement.

OBJECTIVE
This study examined the relationship between reported exposure to child abuse and a history of parental substance abuse (alcohol and drugs) in a community sample in Ontario, Canada.


METHOD
The sample consisted of 8472 respondents to the Ontario Mental Health Supplement (OHSUP), a comprehensive population survey of mental health. The association of self-reported retrospective childhood physical and sexual abuse and parental histories of drug or alcohol abuse was examined.


RESULTS
Rates of physical and sexual abuse were significantly higher, with a more than twofold increased risk among those reporting parental substance abuse histories. The rates were not significantly different between type or severity of abuse. Successively increasing rates of abuse were found for those respondents who reported that their fathers, mothers or both parents had substance abuse problems; this risk was significantly elevated for both parents compared to father only with substance abuse problem.


CONCLUSIONS
Parental substance abuse is associated with a more than twofold increase in the risk of exposure to both childhood physical and sexual abuse. While the mechanism for this association remains unclear, agencies involved in child protection or in treatment of parents with substance abuse problems must be cognizant of this relationship and focus on the development of interventions to serve these families.
Query-level learning to rank using isotonic regression

Ranking functions determine the relevance of search results of search engines, and learning ranking functions has become an active research area at the interface between Web search, information retrieval and machine learning. Generally, the training data for learning to rank come in two different forms: (1) absolute relevance judgments assessing the degree of relevance of a document with respect to a query. This type of judgments is also called labeled data and are usually obtained through human editorial efforts; and (2) relative relevance judgments indicating that a document is more relevant than another with respect to a query. This type of judgments is also called preference data and can usually be extracted from the abundantly available user click-through data recording users' interactions with the search results. Most existing learning to rank methods ignore the query boundaries, treating the labeled data or preference data equally across queries. In this paper, we propose a minimum effort optimization method that takes into account the entire training data within a query at each iteration. We tackle this optimization problem using functional iterative methods where the update at each iteration is computed by solving an isotonic regression problem. This more global approach results in faster convergency and signficantly improved performance of the learned ranking functions over existing state-of-the-art methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method using data sets obtained from a commercial search engine as well as publicly available data.
Chinese traditional medicine in contemporary wound care.

A description of the part played in modern Chinese wound management by traditions of medical practice going back hundreds of years
The Use of WordNet Sense Tagging in FAQFinder

FAQFinder is a Web-based, natural language question-answering system. It answers a user’s question by searching the Usenet Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) files for a similar FAQ question, and displaying its answer to the user. To find the most similar FAQ question, FAQFinder measures imilarity in part by using WordNet (Miller, 1990). To increase the accuracy of the similarity metric, we have incorporated an automated WordNet sense tagger into the process. In this paper, we show that the use of this sense tagger improves FAQFinder’s matching accuracy. We argue that WordNet sense tagging can also be used in more general Web search tasks.
COD: Database / Operating System Co-Design

Trends in multicore processors and hardware virtualization pose severe structural challenges to system software in general, and databases in particular. On the one hand, machines are becoming increasingly heterogeneous in terms of, i.e., cache hierarchies, processor interconnect, instruction sets, etc., thereby making it increasingly difficult to develop optimal software for all possible platforms. On the other hand, virtualization forces databases to share resources with other applications without the databases having any knowledge about the run-time conditions. As part of a long-term effort in our group to revisit the entire software stack of the data center, in this paper we explore how to enhance the interaction between databases and OS to allow the database better cope with varying hardware characteristics and runtime conditions. The goals is to integrate the database’s extensive internal knowledge of its own resource requirements –including cost models– into the system-wide and run-time view of the hardware configuration and application mix available inside the OS.
Emotion recognition and its application in software engineering

In this paper a novel application of multimodal emotion recognition algorithms in software engineering is described. Several application scenarios are proposed concerning program usability testing and software process improvement. Also a set of emotional states relevant in that application area is identified. The multimodal emotion recognition method that integrates video and depth channels, physiological signals and input devices usage patterns is proposed and some preliminary results on learning set creation are described.
Information and reference services in the digital library

Information and reference services are one major component of library services. This article attempts to describe the paradigm of information and reference services in the digital library. Based on the fact that automatic digital library technologies are solving more and more information needs and changing the mode of user service, the authors suggest a three-levelled system that supports users’ information needs. The role of reference librarians at each level is discussed. Finally, digital reference service, a new means of delivering services, is briefly reviewed. The authors emphasize that a systematic process to support users’ information needs in the digital library is required.
The front door to meckel's cave: an anteromedial corridor via expanded endoscopic endonasal approach- technical considerations and clinical series.

OBJECTIVE
Tumors within Meckel's cave are challenging and often require complex approaches. In this report, an expanded endoscopic endonasal approach is reported as a substitute for or complement to other surgical options for the treatment of various tumors within this region.


METHODS
A database of more than 900 patients who underwent the expanded endoscopic endonasal approach at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 1998 to March of 2008 were reviewed. From these, only patients who had an endoscopic endonasal approach to Meckel's cave were considered. The technique uses the maxillary sinus and the pterygopalatine fossa as part of the working corridor. Infraorbital/V2 and the vidian neurovascular bundles are used as surgical landmarks. The quadrangular space is opened, which is bound by the internal carotid artery medially and inferiorly, V2 laterally, and the abducens nerve superiorly. This offers direct access to the anteroinferomedial segment of Meckel's cave, which can be extended through the petrous bone to reach the cerebellopontine angle.


RESULTS
Forty patients underwent an endoscopic endonasal approach to Meckel's cave. The most frequent abnormalities encountered were adenoid cystic carcinoma, meningioma, and schwannomas. Meckel's cave and surrounding structures were accessed adequately in all patients. Five patients developed a new facial numbness in at least 1 segment of the trigeminal nerve, but the deficit was permanent in only 2. Two patients had a transient VIth cranial nerve palsy. Nine patients (30%) showed improvement of preoperative deficits on Cranial Nerves III to VI.


CONCLUSION
In selected patients, the expanded endoscopic endonasal approach to the quadrangular space provides adequate exposure of Meckel's cave and its vicinity, with low morbidity.
Lower bounds on the cardinality of the maximum matchings of planar graphs

Lower bounds on the cardinality of the maximum matchings of planar graphs, with a constraint on thr minimum degree, are established in terms of a linear polynomial of the number of vertices. The bounds depend upon the minimum degree and the connectivity of graphs. Some examples are given which show that all the lower bounds are best possible in the sense that neither the coefficients nor the constant terms can be improved.
Anti-Plaque Efficacy of Herbal and 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash: A Comparative Study

BACKGROUND
Mouthwashes are an adjunct to, not a substitute for, regular brushing and flossing. Chlorohexidine is cationic bis-biguanide broad spectrum antiseptic with both anti-plaque and antibacterial properties. It has side-effects like brownish discoloration of teeth and dorsum of the tongue, taste perturbation, oral mucosal ulceration, etc. To compare the antiplaque efficacy of herbal and chlorohexidine gluconate mouthwash.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A double-blinded parallel, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Periodontics, MNR Dental College. Totally 100 preclinical dental students were randomized into three groups (0.2% chlorohexidine, Saline and herbal mouthwash). All the groups were made to refrain from their regular mechanical oral hygiene measures and were asked to rinse with given respective mouthwashes for 4 days. The gingival and plaque scores are evaluated on 1(st) day, and 5(th) day, and differences were compared statistically.


RESULTS
There was no significant difference in the gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) scores of the pre-rinsing scores of three groups and mean age of subjects in the three age groups, suggesting selected population for the three groups was homogenous. Mean GI and PI scores at the post rinsing stage were least for the Group A, followed by B and C. The difference of post rinsing PI and GI scores between Group A and Group B were statistically non-significant, which means anti-gingivitis and plaque inhibiting properties are similar for both.


CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of this study chlorhexidine gluconate and herbal mouthwash (Hiora) showed similar anti plaque activity with latter showing no side effects.
Anisotropic Evolution Driven by Kinetic Term

We present a simple model where anisotropic evolution is driven by kinetic term in extra dimensions. By introducing a canonical or a ghost kinetic term, the possibility of anisotropy is studied.
Interrater Reliability in the Clinical Evaluation of Myofascial Trigger Points in Three Ankle Muscles.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate interrater reliability in the diagnosis of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the tibialis anterior, peroneus brevis, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.


METHODS
A reliability research study was performed. Three physical therapists with clinical experience in myofascial pain functioned as raters and randomly and bilaterally evaluated the ankles of 40 subjects in the Madrid public health care system. The absence or presence of MTrPs, nodules in taut bands, patterns of referred pain, local twitch response (LTR), and jump-sign were evaluated.


RESULTS
We calculated the pairwise interrater agreement and κ-value concordance of the presence or absence of trigger points (55%-85%; κ = 0.12-0.60), palpable nodules in taut bands (63%-90%; κ = 0.24-0.60), referred pain (63%-85%; κ = 0.20-0.54), and jump sign (62%-89%; κ = 0.15-0.72) in the 3 studied muscles. The LTR could only be evaluated in the tibialis anterior (43%-70%; κ = 0.05-0.21), and evaluation was not possible for the other muscles.


CONCLUSIONS
Three blinded raters were able to reach acceptable pairwise interrater agreement (percentage of agreement value ≥70%) for the presence or absence of MTrPs and LTR in the tibialis anterior, as well as for nodules in taut bands, referred pain, and the jump sign for the extensor digitorum longus. The peroneus brevis showed a wide percentage of agreement value, ranging from 31% to 82%. The results of this study showed that expert raters can agree, with slight-to-moderate concordance, with regard to the clinical testing of muscle trigger points by direct palpation of the 3 muscles studied: the tibialis anterior, the extensor digitorum longus, and the peroneus brevis. Interrater reliability seems to be muscle dependent, especially with regard to the depth of the muscle.