LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Cutting performance of DLC coated tools in dry machining aluminum alloys

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of tribological properties of DLC coatings on cutting performance. In this work, DLC was prepared on a cemented carbide substrate by using a vacuum arc discharge with a graphite cathode. DLC was identified as a nonhydrogenated amorphous carbon film with the thickness of 0.1 Am. DLC coatings were evaluated in a pin-on-disk test as well as in aluminum alloy machining. DLC had a low friction coefficient (0.1) against aluminum alloy and an excellent anti-adhering property. The results showed that DLC coated tools can be used to reduce adhesion between a tool and a work material, and the formation of a built-up edge. In order to analyze the cutting process, a finite element method (FEM) simulation at the tool–chip interface was employed, to compare the experimental evidence. In particular, the comparison was carried out taking into account the chip shapes and cutting force. The FEM simulation of a chip formation process was in qualitative agreement with the experiments, and this enabled an explanation of the phenomenon of the cutting process. In the case of dry machining of the aluminum alloys, DLC coatings enhance the tool performance, the machined surface integrity and the tool life compared to an uncoated tool. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Design of rock support system under rockburst condition

As mining and civil tunneling progresses to depth, excavation-induced seismicity and rockburst problems increase and cannot be prevented. As an important line of defense, ground control measures and burst-resistant rock support are used to prevent or minimize damage to excavations and thus to enhance workplace safety. Rock support in burst-prone ground differs from conventional rock support where controlling gravity-induced rockfalls and managing shallow zones of loose rock are the main target. Rock support in burst-prone ground needs to resist dynamic loads and large rock dilation due to violent rock failure. After reviewing the rockburst phenomenon, types of rockbursts, damage mechanisms, and rockburst support design principles and acceptability criteria, this paper describes that the support selection process in burst-prone ground is iterative, requiring design verification and modification based on field observations. An interactive design tool for conducting rockburst support design in underground tunnels is introduced to facilitate cost-effective design.
Wind atlas for South Africa (WASA): Project overview and current status

Abstract The goal of the South African Wind Energy Programme (SAWEP) is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions generated by thermal power in the national inter-connected system. SAWEP has six main expected outcomes: increased public sector incremental cost funding, initialising of green power funding, long-term policy and implementation framework for wind energy, assessment of wind resources, promotion of commercial wind energy development and the building of capacity and strengthened institutions. The wind resource assessment project is known as Wind Atlas for South Africa WASA.
A General Greedy Approximation Algorithm with Applications

Greedy approximation algorithms have been frequently used to obtain sparse solutions to learning problems. In this paper, we present a general greedy algorithm for solving a class of convex optimization problems. We derive a bound on the rate of approximation for this algorithm, and show that our algorithm includes a number of earlier studies as special cases.
Ruthroff Transmission Line Transformers using Multilayer Technology

This paper presents Ruthroff type transmission line transformers for wideband impedance matching at microwave frequencies fabricated using both thin film microstrip (TFMS) operating up to approximately 30 GHz and multilayer MMIC processes operating up to approximately 60 GHz.
Comparing the Incidence of Taxes and Social Spending in Brazil and the United States

We perform the first comprehensive fiscal incidence analyses in Brazil and the US, including direct cash and food transfers, targeted housing and heating subsidies, public spending on education and health, and personal income, payroll, corporate income, property, and expenditure taxes. In both countries, primary spending is close to 40 percent of GDP. The US achieves higher redistribution through direct taxes and transfers, primarily due to underutilization of the personal income tax in Brazil and the fact that Brazil’s highly progressive cash and food transfer programs are small while larger transfer programs are less progressive. However, when health and non-tertiary education spending are added to income using the government cost approach, the two countries achieve similar levels of redistribution. This result may be a reflection of better-off households in Brazil opting out of public services due to quality concerns rather than a result of government effort to make spending more equitable. JEL Codes: D31, H22, I38
Treating hypertension with a device that slows and regularises breathing: a randomised, double-blind controlled study

Objective: To examine the efficacy of a new device, which slows and regularises breathing, as a non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension and thus to evaluate the contribution of breathing modulation in the blood pressure (BP) reduction.Design and setting: Randomised, double-blind controlled study, carried out in three urban family practice clinics in Israel.Patients: Sixty-five male and female hypertensives, either receiving antihypertensive drug therapy or unmedicated. Four patients dropped out at the beginning of the study.Intervention: Self treatment at home, 10 minutes daily for 8 consecutive weeks, using either the device (n = 32), which guides the user towards slow and regular breathing using musical sound patterns, or a Walkman, with which patients listened to quiet music (n = 29). Medication was unchanged 2 months prior to and during the study period.Main outcome measures: Systolic BP, diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) changes from baseline.Results: BP reduction in the device group was significantly greater than a predetermined ‘clinically meaningful threshold’ of 10.0, 5.0 and 6.7 mm Hg for the systolic BP, diastolic BP and MAP respectively (P = 0.035, P = 0.0002 and P = 0.001). Treatment with the device reduced systolic BP, diastolic BP and MAP by 15.2, 10.0 and 11.7 mm Hg respectively, as compared to 11.3, 5.6 and 7.5 mm Hg (P = 0.14, P = 0.008, P = 0.03) with the Walkman. Six months after treatment had stopped, diastolic BP reduction in the device group remained greater than the ‘threshold’ (P < 0.02) and also greater than in the walkman group (P = 0.001).Conclusions: The device was found to be efficacious in reducing high BP during 2 months of self-treatment by patients at home. Breathing pattern modification appears to be an important component in this reduction.
Heart rate as a risk factor in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): the association between heart rate and outcomes in a randomised placebo-controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Raised resting heart rate is a marker of cardiovascular risk. We postulated that heart rate is also a risk factor for cardiovascular events in heart failure. In the SHIFT trial, patients with chronic heart failure were treated with the selective heart-rate-lowering agent ivabradine. We aimed to test our hypothesis by investigating the association between heart rate and events in this patient population.


METHODS
We analysed cardiovascular outcomes in the placebo (n=3264) and ivabradine groups (n=3241) of this randomised trial, divided by quintiles of baseline heart rate in the placebo group. The primary composite endpoint was cardiovascular death or hospital admission for worsening heart failure. In the ivabradine group, heart rate achieved at 28 days was also analysed in relation to subsequent outcomes. Analysis adjusted to change in heart rate was used to study heart-rate reduction as mechanism for risk reduction by ivabradine directly.


FINDINGS
In the placebo group, patients with the highest heart rates (>or=87 beats per min [bpm], n=682, 286 events) were at more than two-fold higher risk for the primary composite endpoint than were patients with the lowest heart rates (70 to <72 bpm, n=461, 92 events; hazard ratio [HR] 2.34, 95% CI 1.84-2.98, p<0.0001). Risk of primary composite endpoint events increased by 3% with every beat increase from baseline heart rate and 16% for every 5-bpm increase. In the ivabradine group, there was a direct association between heart rate achieved at 28 days and subsequent cardiac outcomes. Patients with heart rates lower than 60 bpm at 28 days on treatment had fewer primary composite endpoint events during the study (n=1192; event rate 17.4%, 95% CI 15.3-19.6) than did patients with higher heart rates. The effect of ivabradine is accounted for by heart-rate reduction, as shown by the neutralisation of the treatment effect after adjustment for change of heart rate at 28 days (HR 0.95, 0.85-1.06, p=0.352).


INTERPRETATION
Our analysis confirms that high heart rate is a risk factor in heart failure. Selective lowering of heart rates with ivabradine improves cardiovascular outcomes. Heart rate is an important target for treatment of heart failure.


FUNDING
Servier, France.
Combinatorics and Convexity

Connections between Euclidean convex geometry and combinatorics go back to Euler, Cauchy, Minkowski, and Steinitz. The theory was advanced greatly since the 1950’s and was influenced by the discovery of the simplex algorithm, the connections with extremal combinatorics, the introduction of methods from commutative algebra, and the relations with complexity theory
Uppaal SMC tutorial

This tutorial paper surveys the main features of Uppaal SMC, a model checking approach in Uppaal family that allows us to reason on networks of complex real-timed systems with a stochastic semantic. We demonstrate the modeling features of the tool, new verification algorithms and ways of applying them to potentially complex case studies.
A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model : Four Longitudinal Field Studies

The present research develops and tests a theoretical extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) that explains perceived usefulness and usage intentions in terms of social influence and cognitive instrumental processes. The extended model, referred to as TAM2, was tested using longitudinal data collected regarding four different systems at four organizations (N 156), two involving voluntary usage and two involving mandatory usage. Model constructs were measured at three points in time at each organization: preimplementation, one month postimplementation, and three months postimplementation. The extended model was strongly supported for all four organizations at all three points of measurement, accounting for 40%–60% of the variance in usefulness perceptions and 34%–52% of the variance in usage intentions. Both social influence processes (subjective norm, voluntariness, and image) and cognitive instrumental processes (job relevance, output quality, result demonstrability, and perceived ease of use) significantly influenced user acceptance. These findings advance theory and contribute to the foundation for future research aimed at improving our understanding of user adoption behavior. (Adoption of Information Technology; Technology Acceptance Model; Social Influence; Perceived Usefulness)
The iliac crest in forensic age diagnostics: evaluation of the apophyseal ossification in conventional radiography

Due to the increasing significance of forensic age estimations in the age of globalisation, novel radiographic criteria besides clavicles and hand bones may provide additional certainty for forensic age expertises. The present study analyses the suitability of the iliac crest apophysis by means of 643 pelvic radiographs of patients between 10 and 30 years of age. Retrospective assessments were carried out according to the forensically established classification and sub-classification systems modified after Kreitner et al. (Rofo 166(6):481–486, 1997) and Kellinghaus et al. (Int J Legal Med 124(4):321–325, 2010). The basic ossification stages range from 1 to 4, and the sub-stages of stage 2 and 3 range from a to c. While stage 3c was first achieved at the age of 15 by both sexes, stage 4 was first observed in females at the age of 16 and in males at the age of 17. This indicates the possibility of a valid diagnosis of both the age of 14 and the age of 16 years which represent legally relevant age thresholds in numerous countries. Applied as targeted radiography on the iliac crest, the exposure to radiation would range between other radiographic techniques recently applied. Therefore, the iliac crest apophysis appears principally suitable as novel possible criterion for forensic age estimation in the living. However, for the establishment of the iliac crest apophysis in routine diagnostics, further studies are needed focussing on the comparison of different grading systems and different radiological techniques.
Domain Independent Sentence Generation from RDF Representations for the Semantic Web

This paper presents a generic approach to sentence generation from RDF representations for the Semantic Web. We argue that RDF representations used in the Semantic Web contain rich implicit linguistic information, and that it may be feasible to achieve adequate domain independent generation from these representations using only generic knowledge sources.
Nursing students' perceptions of their clinical learning environment in placements outside traditional hospital settings

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To explore students' opinions of the learning environment during clinical placement in settings outside traditional hospital settings.


BACKGROUND
Clinical placement experiences may influence positively on nursing students attitudes towards the clinical setting in question. Most studies exploring the quality of clinical placements have targeted students' experience in hospital settings. The number of studies exploring students' experiences of the learning environment in healthcare settings outside of the hospital venue does not match the growing importance of such settings in the delivery of health care, nor the growing number of nurses needed in these venues.


DESIGN
A survey design was used.


METHOD
The Clinical Learning Environment Inventory was administered to two cohorts of undergraduate nursing students (n = 184) after clinical placement in mental health care, home care and nursing home care.


RESULTS
Nursing students' overall contentment with the learning environment was quite similar across all three placement areas. Students in mental health care had significantly higher scores on the subscale individualisation, and older students had significantly higher scores on the total scale. Compared with other studies where the Clinical Learning Environment Inventory has been used, the students' total scores in this study are similar or higher than scores in studies including students from hospital settings.


CONCLUSION
Results from this study negate the negative views on clinical placements outside the hospital setting, especially those related to placements in nursing homes and mental healthcare settings.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Students' experience of the learning environment during placements in mental health care, home care and nursing homes indicates the relevance of clinical education in settings outside the hospital setting.
Mobile Augmented Reality : the potential for education

The rapid evolution of technology has changed the face of education, especially when technology was combined with adequate pedagogical foundations. This combination has created new opportunities for improving the quality of teaching and learning experiences. Until recently, Augmented Reality (AR) is one of the latest technologies that offer a new way to educate. Due to the rising popularity of mobile devices globally, the widespread use of AR on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets has become a growing phenomenon. Therefore, this paper reviews several literatures concerning the information about mobile augmented reality and exemplify the potentials for education. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of The Association of Science, Education and Technology-TASET, Sakarya Universitesi, Turkey.
Outcomes of high- and low-intensity rehabilitation programme for persons in chronic phase after Guillain-Barré syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness of a high- vs low--intensity multidisciplinary ambulatory rehabilitation programme over 12 months for persons in the chronic phase after Guillain-Barré syndrome (pwGBS) in an Australian community cohort.


METHOD
A total of 79 pwGBS, recruited from a tertiary hospital, were randomized to a treatment group (n = 40) for an individualized high-intensity programme, or a control group (n = 39) for a lower intensity programme. The primary outcome the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor subscale assessed "activity limitation"; while secondary measures for "participation" included: World Health Organization Quality of Life; Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale; and Perceived Impact Problem Profile (PIPP) scales. All outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at 12 months.


RESULTS
Intention to treat analysis of data from 69 participants (treatment n = 35, control n = 34) showed reduced disability in the treatment group in post-treatment FIM domains (mobility, transfers, sphincter control and locomotion; all p < 0.005) and PIPP scores (relationships; p = 0.011), with moderate-to-small effect sizes (r = 0.36-0.23). The treatment group compared with control group showed significant improvement in function (FIM scores): 68% vs 32%.


CONCLUSION
Higher intensity rehabilitation compared with less intense intervention reduces disability in pwGBS in later stages of recovery. Further information on rehabilitation modalities and impact on quality of life is needed.
A discussion of environmental protection construction for the Xiliu lake bridge

Introduced in the project construction,which possibly appears the situation of the pollution reservoir water,and stresses from adopting many kinds of environmental protection construction measures,carries on the elaboration analysis.Having drawn some beneficial conclusions,which has provided one kind of new mentality for the similar bridge environmental protection construction.
Early infant feeding patterns and HIV-free survival: findings from the Kesho-Bora trial (Burkina Faso, Kenya, South Africa).

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between feeding patterns and HIV-free survival in children born to HIV-infected mothers and to clarify whether antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis modifies the association.


METHODS
From June 2005 to August 2008, HIV-infected pregnant women were counseled regarding infant feeding options, and randomly assigned to triple-ARV prophylaxis (triple ARV) until breastfeeding cessation (BFC) before age 6 months or antenatal zidovudine with single-dose nevirapine (short-course ARV). Eighteen-month HIV-free survival of infants HIV-negative at 2 weeks of age was assessed by feeding patterns (replacement feeding from birth, BFC <3 months, BFC ≥3 months).


RESULTS
Of the 753 infants alive and HIV-negative at 2 weeks, 28 acquired infection and 47 died by 18 months. Overall HIV-free survival at 18 months was 0.91 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88-0.93]. In the short-course ARV arm, HIV-free survival (0.88; CI: 0.84-0.91) did not differ by feeding patterns. In the triple ARV arm, overall HIV-free survival was 0.93 (CI: 0.90-0.95) and BFC <3 months was associated with lower HIV-free survival than BFC ≥3 months (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.36; CI: 0.15-0.83) and replacement feeding (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.20; CI: 0.04-0.94). In the triple ARV arm, 4 of 9 transmissions occurred after reported BFC (and 5 of 19 in the short-course arm), indicating that some women continued breastfeeding after interruption of ARV prophylaxis.


CONCLUSIONS
In resource-constrained settings, early weaning has previously been associated with higher infant mortality. We show that, even with maternal triple-ARV prophylaxis during breastfeeding, early weaning remains associated with lower HIV-free survival, driven in particular by increased mortality.
Flip Chipped INGaAs Photodiode Arrays for Gated Imaging with Eye-Safe Lasers

An InGaAs photodiode based short wave infrared camera with an actively Q-switched Er:glass laser was used for gated imaging of objects at approximately 500 m at night.
Factors affecting online repurchase intention

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of online shopping experience and habit in relation to adjusted expectations for enhancing online repurchase intention. Design/methodology/approach – The authors employed partial least square (PLS) as a technique used to analyze the measurement and structural models. Data for this research were collected from 240 Taiwanese online shoppers who had experienced online shopping at least four times. Findings – The result of this study indicates that online shopping habit acts as a moderator of both customer satisfaction and adjusted expectations, whereas online shopping experience can be considered a key driver for customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the research findings confirm that customer satisfaction is a vital driver of adjusted expectations and online repurchase intention. Adjusted expectations do mediate the impact of online repurchase intention. Research limitations/implications – This paper highlights the effect of online shopping experience and online shopping habit on enhancing repurchase intention. The result implies that the acquisition of usage experience and spontaneous purchases not only leads to higher customer satisfaction and customer expectations, but also strengthens online repurchase intention. The use of self-report scales suggests the possibility of a common method bias. Future studies may further test the robustness of this study in the interplay of experience and habit to shed more light on their relative importance in explaining online repurchase intention. Originality/value – This study extends expectancy-disconfirmation paradigm, especially in the context of online shopping, by emphasizing cognitive, affective, and behavioral change on the attitude-intention behavior of online shoppers.
A Comparison of Different Techniques for Induction Motor Rotor Fault Diagnosis

The problem of failures in induction motors is a large concern due to its significant influence over industrial production. Therefore a large number of detection techniques were presented to avoid this problem. This paper presents the comparison results of induction motor rotor fault detection using three methods: motor current signature analysis (MCSA), surface vibration (SV), and instantaneous angular speed (IAS). These three measurements were performed under different loads with three rotor conditions: baseline, one rotor bar broken and two rotor bar broken. The faults can be detected and diagnosed based on the amplitude difference of the characteristic frequency components of power spectrum. However IAS may be the best technique because it gives the clearest spectrum representation in which the largest amplitude change is observed due to the faults.