LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Using game format to teach psychopharmacology to medical students.

BACKGROUND
Most psychiatric programs provide lectures on basic principles of psychopharmacology. Yet, this traditional approach has been criticized due to excessive information and passive transfer of expert knowledge. An alternative teaching method is the use of "academic games."


AIMS
To investigate medical students' acquisition of knowledge on psychopharmacology, and their perception of a game playing approach compared to traditional lectures.


METHODS
Two senior residents designed, implemented, and executed a randomized pretest-posttest study to teach psychopharmacology, using an academic game and a lecture format, to third-year medical students during a 6-week Psychiatry clerkship. Both didactic interventions were delivered concurrently for five consecutive weeks covering five psychopharmacology modules: antidepressants I (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and atypical antidepressants), antidepressants II (monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants), mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and anti-anxiety agents/sedatives/hypnotics. The game follows similar rules of the famous TV show, "Jeopardy" using a power point grid and a multiple choice question format.


RESULTS
Forty-three medical students participated (29 assigned to the game approach, 14 to the traditional lecture approach). None of the demographic variables (age, gender, years after graduation, Graduate Point Averages, and United States Medical Licensing Examination 1) were significantly associated with the pre/posttest score difference between groups. Both groups improved their knowledge on psychotropic drugs [(game group t = 10.86, p < 0.001); control t = 4.82, p < 0.001)] throughout the 6-week Psychiatry rotation. Students in the game group had a better perception of this educational method as measured by perceived enjoyment, increased knowledge of psychopharmacology, and stimulating interest in the subject compared to those in the lecture group (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Teaching psychopharmacology in medical students by using academic games can make the learning experience more enjoyable and motivating; however, future studies with higher quality methodology and design are needed to determine the role of educational games in acquiring new psychopharmacological knowledge.
Enabling IOT services using WIFI - ZigBee gateway for a home automation system

Home automation system is a process of automating or adapting to basic household activities like control of Lighting, Heating, Ventilation and Air condition (HVAC) appliances on user command. A dedicated hand held device is ideal in providing a user interface in a home automation system, due to their portability and their wide range of capabilities. The hand held device runs on Linux OS which is an open source platform and can work on limited memory communication between the appliances a home automation network through low power communication protocols such as ZigBee. With the recent increase in the use of internet and cheaper components, large number of Home automation system with IOT capabilities are in demand. Home automation system prototype includes a gateway with user interactions capabilities, this experiment demonstrates that the proposed gateway work efficiently by sending and receiving instructions from different protocols, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) allows user to interact with the ambient environment settings.
Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, low physical activity and an urban environment are independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk in children

To assist in the development of preventive strategies, we studied whether the neighbourhood environment or modifiable behavioural parameters, including cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA), are independently associated with obesity and metabolic risk markers in children. We carried out a cross-sectional analysis of 502 randomly selected first and fifth grade urban and rural Swiss schoolchildren with regard to CRF, PA and the neighbourhood (rural vs urban) environment. Outcome measures included BMI, sum of four skinfold thicknesses, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and a standardised clustered metabolic risk score. CRF and PA (especially total PA, but also the time spent engaged in light and in moderate and vigorous intensity PA) were inversely associated with measures of obesity, HOMA-IR and the metabolic risk score, independently of each other, and of sociodemographic and nutritional parameters, media use, sleep duration, BMI and the neighbourhood environment (all p < 0.05). Children living in a rural environment were more physically active and had higher CRF values and reduced HOMA-IR and metabolic risk scores compared with children living in an urban environment (all p < 0.05). These differences in cardiovascular risk factors persisted after adjustment for CRF, total PA and BMI. Reduced CRF, low PA and an urban environment are independently associated with an increase in metabolic risk markers in children. Trial registration: isrctn.org 15360785 Funding: The study was funded by the Federal office of Sports (Magglingen, Switzerland), the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant nos 3234–069271 and PMPDB-114401) and the Diabetes Foundation of the Region of Basel.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Predict Long-term Outcome after Cardiac Arrest

Background: Prognostication in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest is a major clinical challenge. The authors’ objective was to determine whether an assessment with diffusion tensor imaging, a brain magnetic resonance imaging sequence, increases the accuracy of 1 yr functional outcome prediction in cardiac arrest survivors. Methods: Prospective, observational study in two intensive care units. Fifty-seven comatose survivors of cardiac arrest
Factors influencing the decision that women make on their mode of delivery: the Health Belief Model

BACKGROUND
Childbirth is regarded as an important life event for women, and growing numbers of them are making the choice to give birth by Caesarean Delivery. The aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing the decision that women make on their mode of delivery, underpinned by the Health Belief Model.


METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study. Hong Kong Chinese women aged 18-45, who were pregnant or had given birth within the last three years were recruited. The participants were asked to complete a structured self-administered questionnaire consisting of 62 questions.


RESULTS
A total of 319 women were recruited, of whom 73 (22.9%) preferred to have a cesarean section delivery (CD). The results showed that women preferred CD because they were concerned about being pregnant at an advanced age, were worried about labor pain and perineum tearing, wanted to have a better plan for maternity leave, had chosen an auspicious date to deliver, and perceived that CD is a more convenience way to deliver. The perceived benefits and severity of a vaginal birth (VB), and the perceived benefits, severity, and cues to action of CD, affected the decision to undergo either a VB or CD.


CONCLUSIONS
The data indicated that the constructs of the Health Belief Model--perceived benefits, perceived severity, and cues to action--affect the decision that women make on their mode of delivery. This research indicates that there is value in designing educational programs for pregnant women to educate them on the benefits, risks, and severity of the two different modes of birth based on the constructs of HBM. This will enable women to be active participants in choosing the mode of birth that they believe is right for them.
Clinical predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence in the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico-Atrial Fibrillation (GISSI-AF) trial.

BACKGROUND
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that frequently recurs after restoration of sinus rhythm (SR). Identifying risk factors for recurrence may help define the best strategy for secondary prevention.


METHODS
The GISSI-AF trial enrolled 1,442 patients in SR with at least 2 documented AF episodes in the previous 6 months or after cardioversion in the last 2 weeks. Patients were randomized to valsartan or placebo; all other treatments for AF or underlying heart diseases were allowed. Primary end points were time to first recurrence of AF and proportion of patients with >1 AF episode during 1-year follow-up. We evaluated clinical and electrocardiographic baseline characteristics of all patients to identify independent predictors for AF recurrence using a Cox multivariable model.


RESULTS
Risk factors for AF recurrence were a history of 2 or more AF episodes in the previous 6 months, independent of the modality of SR restoration, spontaneous (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.14-1.77, P = .002), or by cardioversion (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01-1.40, P = .038), and a lower heart rate during SR (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99-1.00, P = .052). The risk factors were the same for >1 AF recurrence. Patients treated with amiodarone had a lower risk for both end points (P < .0001 and P = .017), whereas those on diuretics had a greater risk (P = .009 and P = .003).


CONCLUSIONS
In the GISSI-AF study population, AF history had significant prognostic value independent of the modality of SR restoration. Amiodarone and diuretic treatment affected the rate of AF recurrence.
Transforming a teacher education method course through technology: effects on preservice teachers' technology competency

In this study, an instructional design model was employed for restructuring a teacher education course with technology. The model was applied in a science education method course, which was offered in two different but consecutive semesters with a total enrollment of 111 students in the fall semester and 116 students in the spring semester. Using tools, such as multimedia authoring tools in the fall semester and modeling software in the spring semester, teacher educators designed high quality technology-infused lessons for science and, thereafter, modeled them in classroom for preservice teachers. An assessment instrument was constructed to assess preservice teachers technology competency, which was measured in terms of four aspects, namely, (a) selection of appropriate science topics to be taught with technology, (b) use of appropriate technology-supported representations and transformations for science content, (c) use of technology to support teaching strategies, and (d) integration of computer activities with appropriate inquiry-based pedagogy in the science classroom. The results of a MANOVA showed that preservice teachers in the Modeling group outperformed preservice teachers overall performance in the Multimedia group, F = 21.534, p = 0.000. More specifically, the Modeling group outperformed the Multimedia group on only two of the four aspects of technology competency, namely, use of technology to support teaching strategies and integration of computer activities with appropriate pedagogy in the classroom, F = 59.893, p = 0.000, and F = 10.943, p = 0.001 respectively. The results indicate that the task of preparing preservice teachers to become technology competent is difficult and requires many efforts for providing them with ample of 0360-1315/$ see front matter 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2004.06.002 * Tel.: +357 22 753772; fax: +357 22 377950. E-mail address: cangeli@ucy.ac.cy. 384 C. Angeli / Computers & Education 45 (2005) 383–398 opportunities during their education to develop the competencies needed to be able to teach with technology. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Shareholder-Value Maximization and Product-Market Competition

We investigate product-market competition when managers maximize shareholder value rather than their expected discounted value of profit. If shareholders are imperfectly informed about future profitability, sbareholder-value maximization can lead to either more or less aggressive product-market strategies. Lower rivals’ profits lead investors to believe that the firm’s costs are low relative to those of its rivals and that the industry’s prospects are poor. If the former (latter) inference dominates, each firm tries to lower (raise) its rivals’ profits to increase its own stock price. We also consider implications for corporate financial structure.
Obesity Before, During, and After Pregnancy: A Review and Comparison of Five National Guidelines.

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to compare how national guidelines approach the management of obesity in reproductive age women.


STUDY DESIGN
We conducted a search for national guidelines in the English language on the topic of obesity surrounding the time of a pregnancy. We identified six primary source documents and several secondary source documents from five countries. Each document was then reviewed to identify: (1) statements acknowledging increased health risks related to obesity and reproductive outcomes, (2) recommendations for the management of obesity before, during, or after pregnancy.


RESULTS
All guidelines cited an increased risk for miscarriage, birth defects, gestational diabetes, hypertension, fetal growth abnormalities, cesarean sections, difficulty with anesthesia, postpartum hemorrhage, and obesity in offspring. Counseling on the risks of obesity and weight loss before pregnancy were universal recommendations. There were substantial differences in the recommendations pertaining to gestational weight gain goals, nutrient and vitamin supplements, screening for gestational diabetes, and thromboprophylaxis among the guidelines.


CONCLUSION
Stronger evidence from randomized trials is needed to devise consistent recommendations for obese reproductive age women. This research may also assist clinicians in overcoming one of the many obstacles they encounter when providing care to obese women.
The utility of transactional and transformational leadership for predicting performance and satisfaction within a path-goal theory framework

In a test of hypotheses derived from the integration of principles of path-goal theory (House, 1996) and transformational leadership theory (Bass, 1985), data collected from 179 high school teachers and their principals were examined with hierarchical regression analysis. Augmentation analysis indicated that transactional leadership had a stronger role in explaining unique criterion variance beyond the contribution of transformational leadership, than did transformational leadership relative to transactional leadership. In addition, both the transactional and transformational leadership had a negative interactive relationship for predicting the outcome of performance, such that leader vision and leader intellectual stimulation were more positively correlated with employee performance when leader use of contingent reward was low. These augmentation effects, in conjunction with the findings of negative moderation, suggest that transactional leadership may have greater potential predictive value than previously assumed. Two of the major approaches to understanding leadership are reflected in the principles of path-goal leadership theory (Evans, 1970; House, 1971; House & Dessler, 1974; House & Mitchell, 1974; Schriesheim & Neider, 1996; Wofford & Liska, 1993) and transformational leadership theory (Bass, 1985; Bass, 1990; Bass & Avolio, 1993; Conger & Kanungo, 1987). Although the publication of path-goal theory predates transformational leadership theory, it has received comparatively less attention in the empirical literature. In an updated revision of the original theory, House (1996) developed a number of propositions that are intended to both clarify and extend the theory, and thereby hopefully revitalize research on the theory. Of special interest is a proposal by House (p. 345) that links aspects of path-goal theory to aspects of transformational leadership. Specifically, House proposed that transactional leadership (i.e. a reliance on contingent rewards to induce subordinate performance) is exercised when leaders utilize extrinsic rewards in order to exert influence. But by re-
Дружба: парадигмы исследования

In this article the author takes into consideration friendship as social-psychological phenomenon in the context of philosophy, social psychology. The philosophical concepts reveal the peculiarity of friendship in different periods, and its part in the system of personal and social terms
Ferric sulphate and formocresol in pulpotomy of primary molars: long term follow-up study.

AIM
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of ferric sulphate (FS) to that of the full strength of formocresol (Buckley's formula) (FC) as pulpotomy agents in primary human molar teeth 42-48 months after treatment. This was to assess the succeeding premolar teeth for decalcification, abnormal morphology or any other defect.


METHODS
Seventy children, ranging in age from 3 to 6 years, mean 4.3 years, were treated for pulpotomy of primary molars. Ferric sulphate 15.5% solution (applied for 15 seconds for 84 teeth) and formocresol solution (5 minutes procedure for next the 80 teeth) were used as pulpotomy agents. In both groups, pulp stumps were covered with zinc oxide eugenol paste. Permanent restorations were, in most cases, stainless steel crowns and in some of them amalgams. Follow-up clinical assessments were every 3 months and the radiographic follow-up time was 6, 20 and 42-48 months after treatment.


STATISTICS
The differences were statistically analyzed using the Chi square test.


RESULTS
These revealed 96.4% clinical success rate in the FS and 97.5% in the FC groups. Radiographic success rate in the FS group was 92.0%, while 94.6% in the FC group. No statistical significant differences were found between the radiographic assessment of the two pulpotomy agents.


CONCLUSION
Ferric sulphate showed similar clinical and radiographic success rate as a pulpotomy agent for primary molar teeth after long term evaluation period, compared with formocresol. Ferric sulphate, because of its lower toxicity, may become a replacement for formocresol in primary molar teeth.
Daily-Life Gait Quality as Predictor of Falls in Older People: A 1-Year Prospective Cohort Study

Falls can have devastating consequences for older people. We determined the relationship between the likelihood of fall incidents and daily-life behavior. We used wearable sensors to assess habitual physical activity and daily-life gait quality (in terms of e.g. stability, variability, smoothness and symmetry), and determined their predictive ability for time-to-first-and-second-falls. 319 older people wore a trunk accelerometer (Dynaport MoveMonitor, McRoberts) during one week. Participants further completed questionnaires and performed grip strength and trail making tests to identify risk factors for falls. Their prospective fall incidence was followed up for six to twelve months. We determined interrelations between commonly used gait characteristics to gain insight in their interpretation and determined their association with time-to-falls. For all data -including questionnaires and tests- we determined the corresponding principal components and studied their predictive ability for falls. We showed that gait characteristics of walking speed, stride length, stride frequency, intensity, variability, smoothness, symmetry and complexity were often moderately to highly correlated (r > 0.4). We further showed that these characteristics were predictive of falls. Principal components dominated by history of falls, alcohol consumption, gait quality and muscle strength proved predictive for time-to-fall. The cross-validated prediction models had adequate to high accuracy (time dependent AUC of 0.66-0.72 for time-to-first-fall and 0.69-0.76 for -second-fall). Daily-life gait quality obtained from a single accelerometer on the trunk is predictive for falls. These findings confirm that ambulant measurements of daily behavior contribute substantially to the identification of elderly at (high) risk of falling.
Pixel intensity based high capacity data embedding method

Steganography is the science of hiding a message signal to host signal, without any distortion in the hosted signal. Using steganography, information can be hidden in hosted carrier such as images, videos, sounds files, text files, and data transmission. In image steganography, to improve the capacity of hidden data into hosted image without causing any statistically significant modification has a major concern. Many novel data hiding method based on Least Significant Bits (LSB) and Pixel Value Differencing (PVD) to increase the hiding capacity have been proposed with imperceptible quality. In this paper we have improved the Modified Kekre's Algorithm (MKA) which is based on LSB method. The improved scheme increases the embedding capacity while retaining the good quality of stego-image (carrying hidden data) as good as MKA. Experimental results show that the improved scheme outperform the original comparative scheme especially in capacity of hidden data-bits.
Energy intensity of computer manufacturing: hybrid assessment combining process and economic input-output methods.

The total energy and fossil fuels used in producing a desktop computer with 17-in. CRT monitor are estimated at 6400 megajoules (MJ) and 260 kg, respectively. This indicates that computer manufacturing is energy intensive: the ratio of fossil fuel use to product weight is 11, an order of magnitude larger than the factor of 1-2 for many other manufactured goods. This high energy intensity of manufacturing, combined with rapid turnover in computers, results in an annual life cycle energy burden that is surprisingly high: about 2600 MJ per year, 1.3 times that of a refrigerator. In contrast with many home appliances, life cycle energy use of a computer is dominated by production (81%) as opposed to operation (19%). Extension of usable lifespan (e.g. by reselling or upgrading) is thus a promising approach to mitigating energy impacts as well as other environmental burdens associated with manufacturing and disposal.
Nonoperative correction of pectus carinatum with orthotic bracing.

BACKGROUND
This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of nonoperative compression in correcting pectus carinatum in children.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Children presenting with pectus carinatum between August 1999 and January 2004 were prospectively enrolled in this study. The management protocol included custom compressive bracing, strengthening exercises, and frequent clinical follow-up.


RESULTS
There were 30 children seen for evaluation. Their mean age was 13 years (range, 3-16 years) and there were 26 boys and 4 girls. Of the 30 original patients, 6 never returned to obtain the brace, leaving 24 patients in the study. Another 4 subjects were lost to follow-up. For the remaining 20 patients who have either completed treatment or continue in the study, the mean duration of bracing was 16 months, involving an average of 3 follow-up visits and 2 brace adjustments. Five of these patients had little or no improvement due to either too short a follow-up or noncompliance with the bracing. The other 15 patients (75%) had a significant to complete correction. There were no complications encountered during the study period.


CONCLUSION
Compressive orthotic bracing is a safe and effective alternative to both invasive surgical correction and no treatment for pectus carinatum in children. Compliance is critical to the success of this management strategy.