LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
On the Relationship between My Avatar and Myself

What is the relationship between avatars and the pe ople they represent in terms of appearance and behavior? In this paper, we hypot hesize that people (balancing motives of self-verification and self-enhancement) customize the image of their avatars to bear similarity to their real selves, but with moderate enhancements. We also hypothesize that virtual-world behavior (du e to deindividuation in computer-mediated communication environments) is le ss restrained by normal inhibitions than real-world behavior. Lastly, we hy pothesize that people with more attractive avatars than their real selves will be s omewhat more confident and extraverted in virtual worlds than they are in the real world. We examine these issues using data collected from S econd Life residents using an in-world intercept method that involved recruiti ng respondents’ avatars from a representative sample of locations. Our quantitativ e data indicate that, on average, people report making their avatars similar to thems lves, but somewhat more attractive. And, compared to real-world behavior, r espondents indicate that their virtual-world behavior is more outgoing and risk-ta king and less thoughtful/more superficial. Finally, people with avatars more attr ctive than their real selves state that they are more outgoing, extraverted, risk-taki ng, and loud than their real selves (particularly if they reported being relatively low on these traits in the real world). Qualitative data from open-ended questions corrobor ate our hypotheses.
Many-Events Theory for Many-Worlds Interpretation

The probabilistic prediction of quantum theory is mystery. In this paper I solved the mystery by Many-Events Theory. In this theory an absolute value of a wave function is a radius of a new space. This suggests the unification between quantum theory and the theory of relativity.
How deep are effects of language on thought? Time estimation in speakers of English, Indonesian, Greek, and Spanish

Do the languages that we speak affect how we experience the world? This question was taken up in a linguistic survey and two non-linguistic psychophysical experiments conducted in native speakers of English, Indonesian, Greek, and Spanish. All four of these languages use spatial metaphors to talk about time, but the particular metaphoric mappings between time and space vary across languages. A linguistic corpus study revealed that English and Indonesian tend to map duration onto linear distance (e.g., a long time), whereas Greek and Spanish preferentially map duration onto quantity (e.g., much time). Two psychophysical time estimation experiments were conducted to determine whether this cross-linguistic difference has implications for speakers’ temporal thinking. Performance on the psychophysical tasks reflected the relative frequencies of the ‘time as distance’ and ‘time as quantity’ metaphors in English, Indonesian, Greek, and Spanish. This was true despite the fact that the tasks used entirely nonlinguistic stimuli and responses. Results suggest that: (1.) The spatial metaphors in our native language may profoundly influence the way we mentally represent time. (2.) Language can shape even primitive, low-level mental processes such as estimating brief durations – an ability we share with babies and non-human animals.
A randomized clinical trial to assess the influence of a three months training program (Gym-based individualized vs. Calisthenics-based non-invidualized) in COPD-patients

INTRODUCTION
Pulmonary rehabilitation has been demonstrated to improve exercise capacity, dyspnoea, quality of life and to reduce the adverse effects of acute exacerbations. Current guidelines recommend exercise training in patients with mild to very severe disease. However, there is insufficient data comparing the efficacy of different training approaches and intensities.


METHODS
Between January 2009 and December 2012, 105 COPD patients were screened to participate in the study. 61 patients were randomly assigned into an individualized training group or into a non-individualized training group. Both groups exercised once a week for 60 minutes over a time period of three months. At the beginning and after three months, the following measurements were performed: 6-minute walking test (6-MWT), health-related quality of life (St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire; SGRQ and COPD-Assessment-Test; CAT), M. rectus femoris cross-sectional area, and inflammatory markers in peripheral blood.


RESULTS
Only in the individualized training group we observed a significant change of the 6-MWT (increase of 32.47 m; p = 0.012) and the cross-sectional area of the M. rectus fermoris (increase of 0.57 cm2; p = 0.049), while no significant changes occurred in the non-individualized training group. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α increased in the individualized training only after the three months training period (increase of 0.43 relative copies; p = 0.017), all other myokines and inflammatory markers were not influenced by either of the programs. The total drop-out-rate was 44.3%.


CONCLUSION
A low frequency outpatient training program may induce modest improvements in exercise capacity and muscle mass only if it is performed on an individualized basis.
Empirical Investigation of Knowledge Representation Servers: Design Issues and Applications Experience with KRS

The design and application of KRS, a knowledge representation server in the KL-ONE, KRYPTON, CLASSIC family, are described. The server is designed as an open architecture module that can be used as a stand-alone service or embedded in other systems. It accepts the constraints necessary to make subsumption and recognition tractable, and maintains a careful distinction between definitions and assertions. It is implemented as a class library in an object-oriented language using generic, reusable objects. The approach taken to the integration of the server with external knowledge representation servers of similar or dissimilar types is analyzed. The server supports reasoning with exceptions and incomplete data through computation of a three-valued subsumption relation that is able to determine the possibility of further inferences if more assertions are made. KRS demonstrates that it is now possible to develop knowledge representation servers on a par with floating-point arithmetic units and numeric libraries, as modules with well-defined functionality and fast, reliable performance. It is also proving a useful tool for the empirical investigation of some large-scale knowledge representation server applications.
Spiking neural network simulation: numerical integration with the Parker-Sochacki method

Mathematical neuronal models are normally expressed using differential equations. The Parker-Sochacki method is a new technique for the numerical integration of differential equations applicable to many neuronal models. Using this method, the solution order can be adapted according to the local conditions at each time step, enabling adaptive error control without changing the integration timestep. The method has been limited to polynomial equations, but we present division and power operations that expand its scope. We apply the Parker-Sochacki method to the Izhikevich ‘simple’ model and a Hodgkin-Huxley type neuron, comparing the results with those obtained using the Runge-Kutta and Bulirsch-Stoer methods. Benchmark simulations demonstrate an improved speed/accuracy trade-off for the method relative to these established techniques.
Antecedents of Abnormally Invasive Placenta in Primiparous Women: Risk Associated With Gynecologic Procedures.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between prior invasive gynecologic procedures and the risk of subsequent abnormally invasive placenta (ie, placenta accreta, increta, and percreta).


METHODS
We conducted a population-based data linkage study including all primiparous women who delivered in New South Wales, Australia, between 2003 and 2012. Data were obtained from linked birth and hospital admissions with a minimum lookback period of 2 years. Prior procedures invasive of the uterus were considered including gynecologic laparoscopy with instrumentation of the uterus; hysteroscopy, including operative hysteroscopy; curettage, including suction curettage and surgical termination; and endometrial ablation. Modified Poisson regression was used to determine the association between the number of prior gynecologic procedures and risk of abnormally invasive placenta.


RESULTS
Eight hundred fifty-four cases of abnormally invasive placenta were identified among 380,775 deliveries included in the study (22.4/10,000). In total, 33,296 primiparous women had at least one prior procedure (8.7%). Among women with abnormally invasive placenta, 152 (17.8%) had undergone at least one procedure compared with 33,144 (8.7%) among women without abnormally invasive placenta (P<.01). After adjustment, the relative risk was 1.5 for one procedure (99% CI 1.1-1.9), 2.7 for two procedures (99% CI 1.7-4.4), and 5.1 for three or more procedures (99% CI 2.7-9.6). Abnormally invasive placenta was also positively associated with maternal age, socioeconomic advantage, mother being Australia-born, placenta previa, hypertension, multiple births, use of assisted reproductive technology, and female fetal sex.


CONCLUSION
Women with a history of prior invasive gynecologic procedures were more likely to develop abnormally invasive placenta. These insights may be used to inform management of pregnancies in women with a history of gynecologic procedures.
Modeling, design, fabrication and characterization of first large 2.5D glass interposer as a superior alternative to silicon and organic interposers at 50 micron bump pitch

This paper describes the first design and fabrication of a large 2.5D glass interposer with 50 μm pitch chip-level interconnections made of 6 layers of 3 μm re-distribution (RDL) wiring. Many applications including high-performance networking and cloud computing data centers require ultra-high-bandwidth of the magnitude of 512 GB/s. Silicon-based 2.5D interposers are the only approaches being pursued by the industry to meet this need, enabled by sub-micron BEOL wiring in the wafer fabs. Such interposers, however, are too expensive for most applications. Glass interposers are superior to silicon interposers due to their high dimensional stability, low loss tangent, and large panel processing ultimately leading to lower cost. This paper presents the design, fabrication and electrical characterization, leading to the first fabrication of 2.5D glass interposers with 50 μm I/O pitch with 3 μm lines. Double-sided panel processing utilizing thin, low-loss dryfilm polymer dielectrics and SAP copper plating, with differential spray etching techniques, was used to fabricate 3 um wide transmission lines on 25mm × 30mm glass interposers processed on a 300 um thick 150mm × 150mm glass panels. A six-metal layer test vehicle with two daisy chain, 10mm × 10mm test chips at 100 μm spacing, was fabricated and assembled by thermo-compression bonding of Cu microbumps and SnAg solder caps. Ultra-fine 3 μm escape routing was demonstrated on a two-metal layer test vehicle. High frequency characterization of 3 μm lines showed low loss of 0.12 dB/mm at 2 GHz.
Computing on the Edge of Chaos: Structure and Randomness in Encrypted Computation

This survey, aimed mainly at mathematicians rather than practitioners, covers recent developments in homomorphic encryption (computing on encrypted data) and program obfuscation (generating encrypted but functional programs). Current schemes for encrypted computation all use essentially the same “noisy” approach: they encrypt via a noisy encoding of the message, they decrypt using an “approximate” ring homomorphism, and in between they employ techniques to carefully control the noise as computations are performed. This noisy approach uses a delicate balance between structure and randomness: structure that allows correct computation despite the randomness of the encryption, and randomness that maintains privacy against the adversary despite the structure. While the noisy approach “works”, we need new techniques and insights, both to improve efficiency and to better understand encrypted computation conceptually. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 68Qxx; Secondary 68P25.
Algorithm for calculating spectral intensity due to charged particles in arbitrary motion

An algorithm for calculating the spectral intensity of radiation due to the coherent addition of many particles with arbitrary trajectories is described. Direct numerical integration of the Liénard-Wiechert potentials, in the far-field, for extremely high photon energies and many particles is made computation-ally feasible by a mixed analytic and numerical method. Exact integrals of spectral intensity are made between discretely sampled trajectories, by assuming the space-time four-vector is a quadratic function of proper time. The integral Fourier transform of the trajectory with respect to time, the modu-lus squared of which comprises the spectral intensity, can then be formed by piecewise summation of exact integrals between discrete points. Because of this, the calculation is not restricted by discrete sampling bandwidth theory, and hence for smooth trajectories, time-steps many orders larger than the inverse of the frequency of interest can be taken.
Disease associated time consumption in early rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE
To quantify the disease associated time consumption of normal activities of daily living and of treatment and monitoring activities in a cohort of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with followup of at least 6 years. Comparison was made with a group of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).


METHODS
A prospective and retrospective inventory was carried out, by interview and record investigation, of RA related and RA unrelated items covering the period from the start of the disease. Interviews were also performed in a group of patients with asthma and COPD.


RESULTS
For patients with RA there was a mean disease associated time consumption of at least 1.9 h/day during the first 6 years of the disease. The time consumption was mainly due to extra time needed for activities of daily living and daily disease related activities. Patients with the greatest progression of radiographic damage, with the most severe disability, and with the greatest cumulative disease activity had the greatest time consumption. For patients with asthma and COPD the consumption of time was comparable.


CONCLUSION
RA is a time consuming disease. Recognition of the disease associated time consumption will have implications for work (dis)ability assessments in patients with chronic diseases such as RA.
CHOP versus MACOP-B in aggressive lymphoma--a Nordic Lymphoma Group randomised trial.

BACKGROUND
The long-term survival of patients with advanced stage aggressive lymphoma has not improved significantly during the last twenty years. In a randomised trial, the efficacy of MACOP-B, a six-drug weekly chemotherapy regimen, was compared to CHOP, the current standard regimen, in terms of overall and failure-free survival, toxicity and health related quality of life.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Four hundred five patients with aggressive lymphoma, stage II-IV, age 18-67, were randomised to receive either 12 weeks of MACOP-B or 8 courses of CHOP over 24 weeks. Special emphasis was put in the definition of Ann Arbor stage in extranodal disease. A subset of 95 patients also entered a quality of life study, based on the EORTC QLQ-C30.


RESULTS
Thirty-one patients were ineligible. Among the remaining 374 patients, the median age was 52 years. According to the age-adjusted International Prognostic Index, 37% were 'high-intermediate' or 'high-risk' patients. No difference could be demonstrated, either in overall survival (60% at five years in the MACOP-B group and 59% in the CHOP group) or in failure-free survival (47% at five years with MACOP-B and 44% with CHOP). In terms of quality of life, physical function and global quality of life were more impaired in patients receiving MACOP-B, who also exhibited more non-haematological toxicity.


CONCLUSION
No superiority of MACOP-B compared to CHOP could be demonstrated. CHOP remains the treatment of choice in low-risk patients. At present, intensified or experimental treatment should be reserved for high-risk disease.
Design of Spacecraft Formation Orbits Relative to a Stabilized Trajectory

The design of spacecraft formation orbits traveling relative to an unstable trajectory is investigated. We implement the designs with position and velocity feedback control laws, so that the entire constellation is forced to follow a similar path relative to a nominal trajectory. We find sufficient conditions under which the relative motion of the spacecraft constellation is stable and a controller can be designed. We consider the problem of specifying the orientation of the formation orbit, which is equivalent to eigenvector placement, and show how these modes can be combined to force a formation to fly in a range of orientations. Applications of our approach to relative motion in rotating and nonrotating systems are given.
A two-way multi-dimensional mixture model for clustering metagenomic sequences

Motivation: A major challenge facing metagenomics is the development of tools for the characterization of functional and taxonomic content of vast amounts of short metagenome reads. The efficacy of clustering methods depends on the number of reads in the dataset, the read length and relative abundances of source genomes in the microbial community.
 Results: In this paper, we formulate an unsupervised naive Bayes multi-species, multi-dimensional mixture model for reads from a metagenome. We use the proposed model to cluster metagenomic reads by their species of origin and to characterize the abundance of each species. We model the distribution of word counts along a genome as a Gaussian for shorter, frequent words and as a Poisson for longer words that are rare. We employ either a mixture of Gaussians or mixture of Poissons to model reads within each bin. An additional reason to use these distributions is their flexibility and ease of parameter estimation. Such a paradigm characterizes the compositional heterogeneity of the words along a genome, signifying its genome signature. Further, we handle the high-dimensionality and sparsity associated with the data, by grouping the set of words comprising the reads, resulting in a two-way mixture model. Finally, we derive an unsupervised Expectation Maximization algorithm for the models. Our method provides a general statistical framework for modeling metagenome reads. We demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of this method on simulated and real metagenomes. Our method can accurately cluster reads as short as 100 bps and estimate the species abundance as well. Our method outperforms LikelyBin, another unsupervised composition-based binning method for metagenomes, on datasets of varying abundances, divergences and read lengths.
Efficient production of l-lactic acid by newly isolated thermophilic Bacillus coagulans WCP10-4 with high glucose tolerance

A thermophilic Bacillus coagulans WCP10-4 with tolerance to high concentration of glucose was isolated from soil and used to produce optically pure l-lactic acid from glucose and starch. In batch fermentation at pH 6.0, 240 g/L of glucose was completely consumed giving 210 g/L of l-lactic acid with a yield of 95 % and a productivity of 3.5 g/L/h. In simultaneous saccharification and fermentation at 50 °C without sterilizing the medium, 200 g/L of corn starch was completely consumed producing 202.0 g/L of l-lactic acid. To the best of our knowledge, this strain shows the highest osmotic tolerance to glucose among the strains ever reported for lactic acid production. This is the first report of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starch for lactic acid production under a non-sterilized condition.
The impact of right ventricular involvement on the postdischarge long-term mortality in patients with acute inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the long-term impact of right ventricular myocardial involvement (RVI) after acute inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).


METHODS
A total of 1208 consecutive patients, who survived to discharge after hospitalization for acute inferior STEMI, were studied. Patients were divided into those with (n = 459) or without (n = 749) of RVI involvement, defined as ST-segment elevation > or =1 mm in V4R. Cardiac death by 3 years was the primary study end point.


RESULTS
By the end of follow-up, 207 (17.1%) patients had died. Patients with RVI were at similar risk for death at 3 years than those without (17.6% vs 16.8%, hazard ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.8-1.4, P = .79). By multivariate Cox analysis, several variables, but not RVI, were associated with the incidence of 3 years cardiac death.


CONCLUSIONS
Right ventricular myocardial involvement does not portend any increased risk for long-term mortality, in patients who survived to discharge after hospitalization for acute inferior STEMI.
An automated platform for high-throughput mouse behavior and physiology with voluntary head-fixation

Recording neural activity during animal behavior is a cornerstone of modern brain research. However, integration of cutting-edge technologies for neural circuit analysis with complex behavioral measurements poses a severe experimental bottleneck for researchers. Critical problems include a lack of standardization for psychometric and neurometric integration, and lack of tools that can generate large, sharable data sets for the research community in a time and cost effective way. Here, we introduce a novel mouse behavioral learning platform featuring voluntary head fixation and automated high-throughput data collection for integrating complex behavioral assays with virtually any physiological device. We provide experimental validation by demonstrating behavioral training of mice in visual discrimination and auditory detection tasks. To examine facile integration with physiology systems, we coupled the platform to a two-photon microscope for imaging of cortical networks at single-cell resolution. Our behavioral learning and recording platform is a prototype for the next generation of mouse cognitive studies. Transgenic approaches and improvements in functional imaging have necessitated an advance in the behavioral toolkit. Here the authors describe an automated high-throughput voluntary head fixation system for training mice on complex psychophysical decision tasks compatible with concurrent two-photon microscopy.
Nephrectomy modifies renal angiotensin II effects in kidney donors.

BACKGROUND
Age, gender, menopausal status, a family history of hypertension, and renal vascular response to angiotensin II are involved in the progression of renal failure from its very beginning.


METHODS
In order to investigate their importance on this progression, we measured effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and calculated glomerular pressure (Pglo) and afferent and efferent arteriole resistances (by means of Gomez formulae) in 26 normotensive kidney donors before and after nephrectomy.


RESULTS
Renal reactivity to angiotensin was the only variable that affected changes in renal and glomerular hemodynamics after the loss of renal tissue: in subjects with greater angiotensin reactivity, higher afferent resistances (Ra) and lower glomerular filtration and pressure before nephrectomy change to higher efferent resistances (Re) and higher Pglo and filtration after nephrectomy.


CONCLUSIONS
In normotensive donors with a normal compensatory response to nephrectomy, baseline renal reactivity to angiotensin II can influence renal and glomerular hemodynamics 1 year after nephrectomy.