LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Geochemical and U–Pb zircon geochronological constraints on the development of a Late Archean greenstone belt at Birch Lake, Superior Province, Canada

Abstract This paper presents new high-precision U–Pb zircon ages that place constraints on the timing of magmatic activity (volcanic and plutonic), deformation and gold mineralization within the Late Archean Birch–Confederation Lakes greenstone belt within the Uchi subprovince of the Superior Province. Geochemical data, including Sm–Nd isotopic analyses place additional constraints on the nature of the magmatic activity. Three volcanic rocks from the Birch Lake area have similar ages ( 2742.2 +1.8 −1.7 , 2739.1±2.8 and 2741.7 +2.3 −2.2  Ma) and together with previously published data suggest that a major proportion of the volcanic rocks of the greenstone belt were erupted in a narrow time interval from 2742 to 2735 Ma. Older volcanic rocks recognized to the south of the Birch Lake area are either absent or of limited extent. Plutonic rocks include the pre- to syn-tectonic Horseshoe Island stock (2725.0±2.5 Ma), the syn-tectonic Mainprize Lake batholith ( 2724.3 +1.8 −1.5  Ma) and the late- to post-tectonic Shabumeni Lake stock ( 2710.8 +1.9 −1.3  Ma) and Okanse Lake pluton ( 2700.8 +1.9 −1.4  Ma). These ages and structural relationships indicate that the development of a (D 2 ) regional penetrative fabric, at least in part, post-dates the emplacement of the Horseshoe Island stock. This is consistent with the interpretation that D 2 deformation developed synchronously with, and perhaps in response to, the emplacement of the Mainprize Lake batholith. An earlier (D 1 ) penetrative deformational event as well as possible large scale subhorizontal structures (D 0 ) developed subsequent to the deposition of the youngest volcanic rocks and prior to D 2 . Plutons are younger than and unrelated to volcanism. In contrast to volcanic rocks, plutons show no indication of having interacted with older felsic crustal rocks and are interpreted to be derived from partial melting of metasomatized mantle and subducted tholeiitic basalt. The Okanse Lake pluton has affinities with the sanukitoid suite and is closely comparable in age to similar plutons over a wide area. It is proposed that a 2700 Ma sanukitoid magmatic event may reflect melting of previously metasomatized mantle in response to thermal re-equilibration associated with the transition from an earlier subduction dominated regime to a later, post-collisional stage culminating in the stabilization of the northern Superior Province.
Roles for Technology in the Information-Age Paradigm of Education: Learning Management Systems.

William R. Watson Sunkyung (Sunnie) Lee Watson Pratima Dutta Zengguan (Clare) Chen Nathan D. P. Powell Introduction The previous article in this series (S. L. Watson & Reigeluth, 2008) discussed the need for changing the paradigm of education from the sorting-focused, industrial-age, factory model of schools to the learningfocused, information-age, customized paradigm. It also presented one possible vision of this new paradigm, based on several important bodies of research. It closed by saying that powerful technological tools would be necessary for this new paradigm to succeed in providing a quantum improvement in student learning. This article offers suggestions for some of the main roles or functions that such tools might need to fulfill. We currently see four major roles and four secondary roles, all of which should be seamlessly integrated into a single system. While the term, learning management system (LMS), has been used with several different meanings, it comes closest to capturing the meaning of such a comprehensive, integrated tool for the information-age paradigm of education (W. R. Watson, S. K. Lee, & C. M. Reigeluth, 2007). The major roles for such an LMS include recordkeeping for student learning, planning for student learning, instruction for student learning, and assessment for (and of) student learning. The secondary roles include communication, general student data, school personnel information, and LMS administration. Each of these is discussed next.
Chunk-Based Resource Allocation in Distributed MISO-OFDMA Systems with Fairness Guarantee

The resource allocation problem for the downlink of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) wireless systems is investigated. It is assumed that the Base Station (BS) consists of multiple antennas in a Distributed Antenna System (DAS), whereas a single antenna is available to each user. Also, the allocation unit is not the subcarrier, as in conventional OFDMA systems, but a set of contiguous subcarriers (chunk). The proposed suboptimal but efficient algorithm maximizes the system throughput subject to total available power and proportional data rate constraints among users. Simulation and complexity comparison are provided to show the benefits of chunk-based resource allocation to DASs.
Trainability and boldness traits differ between dog breed clusters based on conventional breed categories and genetic relatedness

Modern dog breeding has given rise to more than 400 breeds differing both in morphology and behaviour. Traditionally, kennel clubs have utilized an artificial category system based on the morphological similarity and historical function of each dog breed. Behavioural comparisons at the breed-group level produced ambiguous results as to whether the historical function still has an influence on the breed-typical behaviour. Recent genetic studies have uncovered genetic relatedness between dog breeds, which can be independent from their historical function and may offer an alternative explanation of behavioural differences among breeds. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the behaviour profiles of 98 breeds, and the behavioural differences among conventional breed groups based on historical utility and among genetic breed clusters. Owners of 5733 dogs (98 breeds) filled out an online questionnaire in German. Breed trait scores on trainability, boldness, calmness and dog sociability were calculated by averaging the scores of all individuals of the breed. Breeds were ranked on the four traits and a cluster analysis was performed to explore behavioural similarity between breeds. We found that two of the behaviour traits (trainability and boldness) significantly differed both among the conventional and the genetic breed groups. Using the conventional classification we revealed that Herding dogs were more trainable than Hounds, Working dogs, Toy dogs and Non-sporting dogs; Sporting dogs were also more trainable than Nonsporting dogs. In parallel, Terriers were bolder than Hounds and Herding dogs. Regarding genetic relatedness, breeds with ancient Asian or African origin (Ancient breeds) were less trainable than breeds in the Herding/sighthound cluster and the Hunting breeds. Breeds in the Mastiff/terrier cluster were bolder than the Ancient breeds, the breeds in the Herding/sighthound cluster and the Hunting breeds. Six breed clusters were created on the basis of behavioural similarity. All the conventional and genetic groups had representatives in at least three of these clusters. Thus, the behavioural breed clusters showed poor correspondence to both the functional and genetic categorisation, which may reflect the effect of recent selective processes. Behavioural breed clusters can provide a more reliable characterization of the breeds’ current typical behaviour. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +36 1 3812179; fax: +36 1 3812180. E-mail addresses: borbala.turcsan@gmail.com (B. Turcsán), kubinyie@gmail.com (E. Kubinyi), amiklosi62@gmail.com (Á. Miklósi).
Profiles of smokers and non-smokers with type 2 diabetes: initial visit at a diabetes education centers.

AIMS
This study explores differences in psychosocial, behavioral and clinical characteristics among smoking and non-smoking individuals with diabetes attending diabetes education centers (DEC).


METHODS
A questionnaire was administered to 275 individuals with type 2 diabetes attending two DECs between October 2003 and 2005. The participants' characteristics were analyzed and multivariable linear and ordinal regressions were performed to adjust for variables correlated with smoking.


RESULTS
Findings revealed that smokers, compared to non-smokers, had lower outcome expectations of the benefits of self-management, lower diastolic blood pressure, and followed their recommended diet and tested blood glucose levels less often than non-smokers. Smokers also had lower intentions to use resources outside and within the DEC.


CONCLUSIONS
Results demonstrate poorer self-care behaviors among smokers compared to non-smokers and further suggest cognitive and behavioral differences between smokers and non-smokers regarding participation and attitudes toward self-management practices. These findings identify issues that need to be addressed in diabetes self-management programs to allow for more effective interventions tailored to the healthcare needs of this specific population.
Atomoxetine treatment in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

INTRODUCTION
This study compared two atomoxetine titration dosing schedules and two atomoxetine maintenance doses for treating adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.


METHODS
Adolescents (N = 267) were randomized to a slow or fast titration schedule. Patients who responded continued on a 40-week maintenance treatment, randomized to either 0.8 or 1.4 mg/kg/day.


RESULTS
During the acute period, significant benefit was demonstrated with both titration schedules on the ADHD Rating Scale total score. Although patients in both groups maintained benefit relative to week 0, statistically significant loss of benefit was found for patients maintained on 0.8 mg/kg/day but not on 1.4 mg/kg/day. A similar pattern was observed on the Clinical Global Impressions-ADHD-Severity scores and Life Participation Scale for ADHD-Child Version scores. Mean grades for most subjects improved for patients in both maintenance treatment groups although most improvements were not statistically significant.


CONCLUSIONS
In adolescents with ADHD, treatment benefit at 8 weeks was better maintained long-term with 1.4 mg/kg/day than with 0.8 mg/kg/day. Improvement in adaptive functioning and age-appropriate developmental function was also demonstrated. Atomoxetine 0.8 and 1.4 mg/kg/day were equally well tolerated.


CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY
Maintenance of benefit with atomoxetine hydrochloride in adolescents with ADHD, NCT00191035.
Cognitive functioning and acute sedative effects of risperidone and quetiapine in patients with stable bipolar I disorder: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study.

OBJECTIVE
Antipsychotic medications differ in their sedative potential, which can affect cognitive performance. The primary objective of this double-blind study was to compare the effects of treatment initiation with risperidone and quetiapine on cognitive function in subjects with stable bipolar disorder.


METHOD
Subjects had a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar I disorder in partial or full remission and a Young Mania Rating Scale score <or= 8 at screening. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment sequences: risperidone-quetiapine or quetiapine-risperidone. Subjects in the risperidone-quetiapine sequence received 2 mg of risperidone with dinner and placebo with breakfast during period 1 and 100 mg of quetiapine with dinner and 100 mg with breakfast during period 2. Subjects in the quetiapine-risperidone sequence received the same treatments in reverse order. The 2 treatment periods were separated by a 6- to 14-day washout period. Cognitive function, including attention, working memory, declarative memory, processing speed, and executive functions, was measured before and after dosing. The Visual Analog Scale for Fatigue was also completed. The primary endpoint was a neurocognitive composite score (NCS). The study was conducted from November 2004 through August 2005.


RESULTS
Thirty subjects were randomly assigned; 28 took all doses of study medication and completed a baseline and at least 1 postbase-line assessment in each treatment. On the NCS, significantly better overall cognitive function was seen after risperidone than after quetiapine at each time point after dosing. Subjects performed significantly better after risperidone than after quetiapine (p < .05) on 9 of the 18 individual cognitive outcome measures and significantly better after quetiapine than after risperidone on 1 measure. Sleeping or the need for sleep during the test days was reported in significantly more patients after receiving quetiapine than risperidone.


CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that initiation of quetiapine treatment was associated with more immediate adverse cognitive effects and increased somnolence than risperidone treatment.


CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00097032.
A prototype sensor node for footstep detection

Persons moving over ground can be detected from vibrations induced to soil in the form of seismic waves which are measured by geophones or expensive MEMS accelerometers. We are proposing a sensor node that uses a low-cost bending mode piezoelectric accelerometer, operating near its resonant frequency, specially designed for footstep detection.
Unexpected random urinary protein:creatinine ratio results–limitations of the pyrocatechol violet-dye method

BACKGROUND
For clinicians, it is important to rely on accurate laboratory results for patient care and optimal use of health care resources. We sought to explore our observations that urine protein:creatinine ratios (PrCr) ≥30 mg/mmol are seen not infrequently associated with normal pregnancy outcome.


METHODS
Urine samples were collected prospectively from 160 pregnant women attending high-risk maternity clinics at a tertiary care facility. Urinary protein was measured using a pyrocatechol violet assay and urinary creatinine by an enzymatic method on Vitros analysers. Maternal/perinatal outcomes were abstracted from hospital records.


RESULTS
91/233 (39.1%) samples had a PrCr ≥30 mg/mmol, especially when urinary creatinine concentration was <3 mM (94.1%) vs. ≥3 mM (16.4%) (p < 0.001). When using the last sample before delivery, 47/160 (29.4%) had a PrCr ≥30 mg/mmol in diluted urine vs. only 17/160 (15.4%) in more concentrated urine (p < 0.001); PrCr positive results were also more frequent among the 32 (20.0%) women with known normal pregnancy outcome (90.9% vs. 0) (p < 0.001). Using the same analyser, 0.12 g/L urinary protein was 'detected' in deionised water. Re-analysis of data from two cohorts revealed substantially less inflation of PrCr in dilute urine using a pyrogallol red assay.


CONCLUSIONS
Random urinary PrCr was overestimated in dilute urine when tested using a common pyrocatechol violet dye-based method. This effect was reduced in cohorts when pyrogallol red assays were used. False positive results can impact on diagnosis and patient care. This highlights the need for both clinical and laboratory quality improvement projects and standardization of laboratory protein measurement.
Sodium sources in the Japanese diet: difference between generations and sexes.

OBJECTIVE
Globally, the Na consumption of most people exceeds the WHO recommendation. To be effective, salt reduction programmes require assessment of the dietary sources of Na. Due to methodological difficulties however, comprehensive assessments are rare. Here, we identified Na sources in the Japanese diet using a 4 d diet record that was specifically designed for Na source description.


DESIGN
A cross-sectional study.


SUBJECTS
Apparently healthy men (n 196) and women (n 196) aged 20-69 years.


SETTING
The subjects were recruited from twenty-three of forty-seven prefectures in Japan.


RESULTS
The proportion of discretionary Na intake in total Na intake was 52·3 % in men and 57·1 % in women, and was significantly lower in younger subjects. The two major food groups contributing to Na intake were seasonings such as salt or soya sauce (61·7 % of total Na intake in men, 62·9 % in women) and fish and shellfish (6·7 % in men, 6·6 % in women). The third major contributor differed between men and women (noodles in men, 4·9 %; bread in women, 5·0 %). Further, the contribution of each food group to total Na intake differed among age groups.


CONCLUSIONS
While individual efforts to decrease Na intake remain important, population approaches to reducing Na content in processed foods are already equally important and will assume greater importance in the future even in Japan, an Asian country facing a rapid Westernization in dietary habits.
Overexpression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) in vulvar cancer is associated with tumor progression and development of locoregional lymph node metastases

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a strictly membranous expressed metalloenzyme involved in cell adhesion, pH homeostasis, and cancer progression. The protein is specifically overexpressed in a wide variety of malignant tumors. This study was designed to assess the role of CAIX in primary vulvar cancer. One hundred forty-two well-characterized primary vulvar carcinomas were analyzed on a tissue microarray (TMA). Three tissue cores were sampled from each tumor. CAIX expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, using a four-step scoring system. To determine CAIX expression in benign vulvar tissue, we constructed a TMA with 120 samples of normal mucosa and non-neoplastic diseases. CAIX expression was found in 77/135 (57%) of all assessable vulvar cancer specimens and 48 (35.5%) exhibited a moderate or strong expression. CAIX expression in vulvar carcinomas was significantly stronger compared to non-neoplastic vulvar tissue (p < 0.001). High levels of CAIX expression were related to pT stage (p < 0.01), tumor size (p < 0.01), depth of invasion (p < 0.05), as well as inguinal lymph node metastases (p < 0.05). There was also a trend towards shorter recurrence-free patient survival in CAIX-positive compared to CAIX-negative vulvar cancers. CAIX staining results in different tissue cores from the same tumor were homogeneous, raising the possibility of a hypoxia-independent expression. In conclusion, CAIX is overexpressed in the majority of vulvar carcinomas with relationships to advanced tumor stages and development of lymph node metastases. Our data support the potential therapeutic benefit of newly developed targeting antibodies in advanced vulvar cancer.
Efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol in a broad population of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: results from the REALISTIC phase IIIb study.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol (CZP) in a broad population of patients with active RA.


METHODS
In this 12-week, double-blind period of the phase IIIb trial, RA patients with inadequate response to at least one DMARD were randomized 4:1 to CZP (400 mg at weeks 0, 2 and 4, followed by 200 mg every 2 weeks) or placebo (every 2 weeks) plus current therapy stratified by previous TNF inhibitor use, concomitant methotrexate use and disease duration (<2 vs ≥2 years). The primary outcome was ACR20 response rate at week 12.


RESULTS
Of 1063 patients (CZP = 851; placebo = 212), 37.6% had previous TNF inhibitor use. Baseline mean HAQ Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and DAS 28-joint assessment-ESR [DAS28(ESR)] values were 1.5 and 6.4 in the CZP group, and 1.6 and 6.4 in the placebo group, respectively. The primary endpoint was significant (week 12 ACR20, CZP vs placebo: 51.1 vs 25.9%; P < 0.001); differences were noted at week 2 (31.8 vs 8.5%; P < 0.001). HAQ-DI and DAS28(ESR) change from baseline and ACR50 were significant from week 2. Week 12 ACR20 responses were similar across CZP patient subgroups regardless of concomitant DMARD use at baseline. Adverse and serious adverse events were comparable between CZP and placebo, with no new safety signals.


CONCLUSION
CZP was associated with rapid and consistent clinical responses and improved physical function in a diverse group of RA patients, irrespective of concomitant or previous therapy.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov/, NCT00717236.
Sex Differences in the Performance of Cardiac Computed Tomography Compared With Functional Testing in Evaluating Stable Chest Pain: Subanalysis of the Multicenter, Randomized CRESCENT Trial (Calcium Imaging and Selective CT Angiography in Comparison to Functional Testing for Suspected Coronary Arter

BACKGROUND
Cardiac computed tomography (CT) represents an alternative diagnostic strategy for women with suspected coronary artery disease, with potential benefits in terms of effectiveness and cost-efficiency.


METHODS AND RESULTS
The CRESCENT trial (Calcium Imaging and Selective CT Angiography in Comparison to Functional Testing for Suspected Coronary Artery Disease) prospectively randomized 350 patients with stable angina (55% women; aged 55±10 years), mostly with an intermediate coronary artery disease probability, between cardiac CT and functional testing. The tiered cardiac CT protocol included a calcium scan followed by CT angiography if the Agatston calcium score was between 1 and 400. Patients with test-specific contraindications were not excluded from study participation. Sex differences were studied as a prespecified subanalysis. Enrolled women presented more frequently with atypical chest pain and had a lower pretest probability of coronary artery disease compared with men. Independently of these differences, cardiac CT led in both sexes to a fast final diagnosis when compared with functional testing, although the effect was larger in women (P interaction=0.01). The reduced need for further testing after CT, compared with functional testing, was most evident in women (P interaction=0.009). However, no sex interaction was observed with respect to changes in angina and quality of life, cumulative diagnostic costs, and applied radiation dose (all P interactions≥0.097).


CONCLUSIONS
Cardiac CT is more efficient in women than in men in terms of time to reach the final diagnosis and downstream testing. However, overall clinical outcome showed no significant difference between women and men after 1 year.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01393028.