LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Job satisfaction among hospital nurses revisited: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND
The current nursing shortage and high turnover is of great concern in many countries because of its impact upon the efficiency and effectiveness of any healthcare delivery system. Recruitment and retention of nurses are persistent problems associated with job satisfaction.


OBJECTIVE
To update review paper published in 2005.


DESIGN
This paper analyses 100 papers relating to job satisfaction among hospital nurses derived from systematic searches of seven databases covering English and Chinese language publications 1966-2011 (updating the original paper with 46 additional studies published 2004-2011).


FINDINGS
Despite varying levels of job satisfaction across studies, sources and effects of job satisfaction were similar. Hospital nurse job satisfaction is closely related to working conditions and the organizational environment, job stress, role conflict and ambiguity, role perception and role content, organizational and professional commitment.


CONCLUSIONS
More research is required to understand the relative importance of the many identified factors relating to job satisfaction of hospital nurses. It is argued that the absence of a robust causal model reflecting moderators or moderator is undermining the development of interventions to improve nurse retention.
Deep Packet Inspection in Perspective: Tracing its lineage and surveillance Potentials

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are responsible for transmitting and delivering their customers’ data requests, ranging from requests for data from websites, to that from filesharing applications, to that from participants in Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) chat sessions. Using contemporary packet inspection and capture technologies, ISPs can investigate and record the content of unencrypted digital communications data packets. This paper explains the structure of these packets, and then proceeds to describe the packet inspection technologies that monitor their movement and extract information from the packets as they flow across ISP networks. After discussing the potency of contemporary deep packet inspection devices, in relation to their earlier packet inspection predecessors, and their potential uses in improving network operators’ network management systems, I argue that they should be identified as surveillance technologies that can potentially be incredibly invasive. Drawing on Canadian examples, I argue that Canadian ISPs are using DPI technologies to implicitly ‘teach’ their customers norms about what are ‘inappropriate’ data transfer programs, and the appropriate levels of ISP manipulation of customer data traffic. Version 1.2 :: January 10, 2008. * Doctoral student in the University of Victoria’s Political Science department. Thanks to Colin Bennett, Andrew Clement, Fenwick Mckelvey and Joyce Parsons for comments.
Ocular toxicity in low-dose tamoxifen: A prospective study

Purpose To look at the incidence, symptomatology, course and reversibility of low-dose tamoxifen ocular toxicity.Methods Sixty-five women with breast cancer, on tamoxifen oral therapy (20 mg/day), and a totally normal eye examination, were prospectively followed up. A full ophthalmic evaluation was done every 6 months, for a median of 30 months (range 4-79 months). Any sign of toxicity in the cornea, lens, retina or optic nerve was looked for, whether associated with a change in visual acuity or not.Results Ocular toxicity was documented in 8 patients, giving an incidence of 12%. Seven patients had keratopathy in the form of subepithelial deposits, whorls and linear opacities. Three of these patients had a concurrent symptomatic bilateral pigmentary retinopathy that warranted discontinuation of therapy. One patient developed bilateral optic neuritis that left her with optic nerve pallor and a decrease in vision. The patients who had the toxicity had a significantly higher tamoxifen cumulative dose (p = 0.03), and were longer on treatment (p = 0.04), than the non-affected ones. The keratopathy changes were reversible upon discontinuation of the drug.Conclusion Prompt reporting of symptoms and yearly ophthalmic examinations are mandatory in patients on tamoxifen to detect toxic effects while these are still reversible.
Off-therapy durability of response to entecavir therapy in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B patients.

UNLABELLED
The optimal duration of nucelos(t)ide analog (Nuc) treatment in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is unknown. The Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) guidelines recommend that treatment can be discontinued if undetectable HBV-DNA has been documented on three occasions ≥ 6 months apart. This study aimed to test this stopping rule in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with entecavir (ETV). Ninety-five patients (39 cirrhosis) were treated with ETV for a median of 721 (395-1,762) days before stopping therapy and were then monitored with serum HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at least every 3 months. Within 1 year after stopping ETV therapy, "clinical relapse" (an episode of ALT elevation >2 × upper limit of normal plus HBV-DNA >2,000 IU/mL) occurred in 43 (45.3%) of the 95 patients. Of the 39 cirrhosis patients, 17 (43.6%) relapsed and one (2.6%) developed decompensation. The median duration until relapse was 230 days (74.4% >6 months). Logistic regression analysis showed that baseline HBV-DNA ≤ 2 × 10(5) IU/mL was the only significant independent factor for sustained response. The 1-year relapse rate was 29% in patients with a baseline HBV DNA ≤ 2 × 10(5) IU/mL versus 53% in those with HBV DNA >2 × 10(5) IU/mL (P = 0.027). For the latter, consolidation therapy >64 weeks reduced the relapse rate to 33.3% in patients without cirrhosis.


CONCLUSION
With an overall 1-year relapse rate of 45% and 29% in those with a baseline serum HBV DNA ≤ 2 × 10(5) IU/mL, the APASL stopping rule for HBeAg-negative CHB patients with proper off-therapy monitoring is adequate even in patients with cirrhosis. Consolidation therapy >64 weeks seems more appropriate for those with higher baseline HBV DNA.
COCOTS : a COTS software integration cost model-model overview and preliminary data findings

As the use of commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) components becomes ever more prevalent in the creation of large software systems, the need for the ability to reasonably predict the true lifetime cost of using such software components grows accordingly. In using COTS components, immediate short-term gains in direct development effort & schedule are possible, but usually as a trade-off for a more complicated long-term post-deployment maintenance environment. This paper discusses a COTS cost model being developed as an extension of the COCOMO II [1] cost model. COCOTS attempts to predict the lifecycle costs of using COTS components by capturing the more significant COTS risks in its modeling parameters. The current state of the model is presented, along with some preliminary findings suggested by an analysis of calibration data collected to date. The paper concludes with a discussion of the on-going effort to further refine the accuracy and scope of COCOTS.
The value of reporting pressure-time integral data in addition to peak pressure data in studies on the diabetic foot: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND
In plantar pressure studies on the diabetic foot, pressure-time integral data is often analyzed and reported next to peak pressure data, mostly because of its assumed additional value. The aim was to assess this additional value by systematically reviewing the relevant literature.


METHODS
The MEDLINE database was searched for original articles that report both pressure-time integral and peak pressure data measured in the diabetic foot. Eligible articles were assessed according to differences in reported results between both parameters, the quality of discussion and specific conclusions drawn on pressure-time integral data, and the added value of the pressure-time integral data.


FINDINGS
All 35 eligible papers described studies on gait. Differences in reported results between parameters were found to be clear, minimal, or absent in 15, 8, and 12 papers, respectively. In 15 papers, the pressure-time integral results were discussed with respect to the peak pressure results, but in only 5 papers the explanation given for reported differences was considered meaningful. Specific conclusions were drawn in 11 papers. Some added value was found in 10 papers, but in all papers one or more limitations to this value applied.


INTERPRETATION
The study findings suggest that the added value of reporting pressure-time integral data is limited. Unless clear benefit can be shown such, as that ulceration can be better predicted using pressure-time integral than using peak pressure data, the reporting of pressure-time integral data seems redundant to express the plantar loading in the diabetic foot.
Outcome after anterior vaginal prolapse repair: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES
To report 1-year outcomes of a randomized controlled trial comparing polypropylene mesh-reinforced anterior vaginal prolapse repair with anterior colporrhaphy.


METHODS
Seventy-six patients with stage II or greater anterior vaginal prolapse were randomly assigned to either colporrhaphy or polypropylene mesh repair. The primary outcome was recurrent stage II anterior vaginal prolapse, and secondary outcomes were effects on quality of life and sexual symptom scores, operative time, blood loss, length of hospitalization, and adverse events.


RESULTS
Thirty-eight women had anterior colporrhaphy, and 37 had polypropylene mesh repair. One patient allocated to mesh repair withdrew from the study before surgery. Clinical and demographic data did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups. One year after surgery, optimal and satisfactory anterior vaginal support were obtained in 21 of 38 (55%) of the colporrhaphy group and 33 of 38 (87%) of the mesh group (P=.005). Patients in both groups reported less bother after surgery in both prolapse and urinary symptoms. The rates of de novo dyspareunia were 4 of 26 (16%) and 2 of 23 (9%) in the colporrhaphy and mesh groups, respectively. Two of 37 (5%) patients had vaginal mesh extrusion. Nine anterior colporrhaphy patients would have to have recurrent anterior vaginal prolapse to prevent one vaginal mesh extrusion. Neither serious adverse events nor deaths occurred in either group.


CONCLUSION
Anterior vaginal prolapse repair with polypropylene mesh reinforcement offers lower anatomic recurrence than anterior colporrhaphy at one year. However, quality of life and sexual symptoms scores improved in both groups.
Age differences and social stratification in the long-term trajectories of leisure-time physical activity.

OBJECTIVES
This study assessed how and why the social stratification of leisure-time physical activity changes as adults at different points in the life course, and from different birth cohorts, grow older.


METHODS
A series of multilevel models were estimated using longitudinal data from a national sample of more than 3,000 adults from the Americans' Changing Lives study.


RESULTS
On average, rates of leisure-time physical activity increased within younger adults and decreased within middle-aged and older adults, throughout the study period. Initial Black-White differences in activity converged over time, whereas initial men advantages over women widened, particularly among older adults. Gender-based differences did not remain after accounting for differences in health; however, significant age and race differences in the trajectories of physical activity persisted, even after accounting for the effects of health and social relationships on leisure-time physical activity.


DISCUSSION
American adults appear to be reducing their levels of physical activity relatively early in the life course and at increasingly steep rates among older age groups. The changing patterns of stratification in physical activity, as well as the associations between several time-varying predictors and physical activity, provide insight into the forces that may be responsible for these declines.
Affine-Invariant Recognition of Gray-Scale Characters Using Global Affine Transformation Correlation

ÐThis paper describes a new, promising technique of gray-scale character recognition that offers both noise tolerance and affine-invariance. The key ideas are twofold. First is the use of normalized cross-correlation as a matching measure to realize noise tolerance. Second is the application of global affine transformation (GAT) to the input image so as to achieve affine-invariant correlation with the target image. In particular, optimal GAT is efficiently determined by the successive iteration method using topographic features of gray-scale images as matching constraints. We demonstrate the high matching ability of the proposed GAT correlation method using gray-scale images of numerals subjected to random Gaussian noise and a wide range of affine transformation. Moreover, extensive recognition experiments show that the achieved recognition rate of 94.3 percent against rotation within 30 degrees, scale change within 30 percent, and translation within 20 percent of the character width along with random Gaussian noise is sufficiently high compared to the 42.8 percent offered by simple correlation. Index TermsÐGray-scale character recognition, normalized cross-correlation, global affine transformation, noise-tolerant and affineinvariant image matching, successive iteration method.
What We Know Now About Bias and Intergroup Conflict, the Problem of the Century:

After nearly a century’s study, what do psychologists now know about intergroup bias and conflict? Most people reveal unconscious, subtle biases, which are relatively automatic, cool, indirect, ambiguous, and ambivalent. Subtle biases underlie ordinary discrimination: comfort with one’s own in-group, plus exclusion and avoidance of out-groups. Such biases result from internal conflict between cultural ideals and cultural biases. A small minority of people, extremists, do harbor blatant biases that are more conscious, hot, direct, and unambiguous. Blatant biases underlie aggression, including hate crimes. Such biases result from perceived intergroup conflict over economics and values, in a world perceived to be hierarchical and dangerous. Reduction of both subtle and blatant bias results from education, economic opportunity, and constructive intergroup contact.
Fake Account Detection in Twitter Based on Minimum Weighted Feature set

Social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook attracts over 500 million users across the world, for those users, their social life, even their practical life, has become interrelated. Their interaction with social networking has affected their life forever. Accordingly, social networking sites have become among the main channels that are responsible for vast dissemination of different kinds of information during real time events. This popularity in Social networking has led to different problems including the possibility of exposing incorrect information to their users through fake accounts which results to the spread of malicious content during life events. This situation can result to a huge damage in the real world to the society in general including citizens, business entities, and others. In this paper, we present a classification method for detecting the fake accounts on Twitter. The study determines the minimized set of the main factors that influence the detection of the fake accounts on Twitter, and then the determined factors are applied using different classification techniques. A comparison of the results of these techniques has been performed and the most accurate algorithm is selected according to the accuracy of the results. The study has been compared with different recent researches in the same area; this comparison has proved the accuracy of the proposed study. We claim that this study can be continuously applied on Twitter social network to automatically detect the fake accounts; moreover, the study can be applied on different social network sites such as Facebook with minor changes according to the nature of the social network which are discussed in this paper. Keywords—Fake accounts detection, classification algorithms, twitter accounts analysis, features based techniques.
Association between palatal index and cleft palate repair outcomes in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.

IMPORTANCE This study evaluates a technique to estimate cleft severity and tissue hypoplasia in patients with cleft palate. Current classifications are limited to the morphologic characteristics of the clefts. A new classification is proposed in relation to the palatal index, which allows more individualized surgical attention for the cleft palate. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship of palatal index and cleft palate repair surgical outcomes (palatal fistula and velopharyngeal insufficiency) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective study performed by the Outreach Surgical Center Program Lima, Lima, Perú, of surgical outcomes of 152 consecutive pediatric patients, aged 12 to 15 months, with nonsyndromic unilateral complete cleft lip and palate treated during from 2001 to 2007. Findings were obtained at 1 to 5 years' follow-up. INTERVENTIONS Palatoplasty using the 2-flap technique plus intravelar veloplasty. Palate index was measured preoperatively with the patient under general anesthesia. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Postoperative analysis via the χ2 test to assess the statistical significance of association between the palatal index and surgical outcomes. RESULTS Palatal fistula rates correlated directly with the cleft severity, as estimated by the palatal index (P = .01), but there was no association between postoperative velopharyngeal insufficiency and palatal index (P = .76). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The palatal index was a good predictor of fistula development in the studied group. There was an association between the cleft severity and tissue deficiency (estimated using this index) and presence of palatal fistula. Further long-term study is needed to evaluate the relationship between the palatal index and maxillary growth.
A robotics toolbox for MATLAB

The Robotics Toolbox is a software package that allows a MATLAB user to readily create and manipulate datatypes fundamental to robotics such as homogeneous transformations, quaternions and trajectories. Functions provided, for arbitrary serial-link manipulators, include forward and inverse kinematics, Jacobians, and forward and inverse dynamics. This article introduces the Toolbox in tutorial form, with examples chosen to demonstrate a range of capabilities. The complete Toolbox and documentation is freely available via anonymous ftp. ...... D . . . . . I * . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . * . * ~ . ~ . . . . ~ * . . . . * . . * . ~ . . ~ * . . * * * ~ . * ~ * ~ * ~ * ~ .
Myocardial perfusion grade after late infarct artery recanalization is associated with global and regional left ventricular function at one year: analysis from the Total Occlusion Study of Canada-2.

BACKGROUND
Whether myocardial perfusion grade (MPG) following late recanalization of infarct-related arteries (IRAs) predicts left ventricular (LV) function recovery beyond the acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI) is unknown.


METHODS AND RESULTS
The Total Occlusion Study of Canada-2 enrolled stable patients with a persistently occluded IRA beyond 24 hours and up to 28 days post-MI. We studied the relationship between the initial MPG and changes in LV function and volume as well as the change in MPG from immediate post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to 1 year in 139 PCI patients with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade 3 epicardial flow post-PCI and with paired values grouped into impaired or good MPG groups (MPG 0/1 or MPG 2/3). MPG 0/1 patients were more likely to have received thrombolytic therapy and to have a left anterior descending IRA. They had lower blood pressure and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and a higher heart rate and systolic sphericity index at baseline. Changes in the MPG 0/1 and MPG 2/3 groups from baseline to 1 year were LVEF, 3.3±9.0% and 4.8±8.9% (P=0.42); LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVI), -1.1±9.2 and -4.7±12.3 mL/m(2) (P=0.25); LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), 0.08±19.1 and -2.4±22.2 mL/m(2) (P=0.67); and SDs/chord for infarct zone wall motion index (WMI), 0.38±0.70 and 0.84±1.11 (P=0.01). By covariate-adjusted analysis, post-PCI MPG 0/1 predicted lower WMI (P<0.001), lower LVEF (P<0.001), and higher LVESVI (P<0.01) but not LVEDVI at 1 year. Of the MPG 0/1 patients, 60% were MPG 2 or 3 at 1 year.


CONCLUSIONS
Preserved MPG is present in a high proportion of patients following late PCI of occluded IRAs post-MI. Poor MPG post-PCI frequently improves MPG over 1 year. MPG graded after IRA recanalization undertaken days to weeks post MI is associated with LV recovery, indicating that MPG determined in the subacute post-MI period remains a marker of viability.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00025766.
Geochronology of a Late Archaean flood basalt province in the Pilbara Craton, Australia: constraints on basin evolution, volcanic and sedimentary accumulation, and continental drift rates

Abstract Eleven high precision (±2–5 million years) SHRIMP zircon U–Pb ages have been obtained from felsic rocks within a single stratigraphic section of late Archaean volcanic and sedimentary rocks in the east Pilbara of Western Australia. The stratigraphic succession (Nullagine and Mount Jope Supersequences in sequence-stratigraphic terminology, Fortescue Group in lithostratigraphic terminology) is interpreted to be the rock record of three major geotectonic cycles that formed in an extensional, rift-related environment between about 2772 and 2715 Ma. The geochronology is constrained by a detailed stratigraphic framework based on unconformities and supported by a preliminary magnetostratigraphy. Field mapping, geochemical and petrographic studies have shown that previously unrecognised thin felsic tuff bands are interbedded in subaerial flood basalt piles and mafic tuffs. While flood basalts and proximal felsic volcanic rocks comprise by volume most of the volcanogenic components of the succession, felsic volcanism is now known to have been active periodically through each geotectonic cycle. The succession covers a time period of about 57 million years. The lower ∼1400 m of a thick (∼1700 m) clastic sedimentary succession from the oldest geotectonic cycle was deposited at a rate of about 100 m per million years over a mean time period of 14 million years. In contrast, a younger ∼150 m thick cogenetic tuff-basalt unit accumulated in less than 3 million years, and others probably accumulated at similar rates, comparable to those of Phanerozoic flood basalts. Unconformities in the succession are shown to be of variable duration and one unconformity marking the boundary between the first and second geotectonic cycles may represent a time-gap of more than 10 million years. The unconformity-based stratigraphic framework, the new geochronology and palaeomagnetic studies [J. Geophys. Res. 108 (2003) B12, 2551, EMP 2-1 to 2-21] have been combined to determine a possible late Archaean continental drift rate for one part of the succession, implying a period of motion as fast as or up to five times faster than any known from the Phanerozoic.
The State of the Art in Semantic Representation

Semantic representation is receiving growing attention in NLP in the past few years, and many proposals for semantic schemes (e.g., AMR, UCCA, GMB, UDS) have been put forth. Yet, little has been done to assess the achievements and the shortcomings of these new contenders, compare them with syntactic schemes, and clarify the general goals of research on semantic representation. We address these gaps by critically surveying the state of the art in the field.1