LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Verification of Lateral Speed Estimation Methods

Three lateral speed estimation methods proposed in the literature are evaluated in this paper, including a transfer function (system identification) method, a state-space method, and a kinematics method. Test data from nominal as well as adverse driving conditions were used to assess the performance of these methods under realistic driving conditions. 1. INTRODUCTION Lateral speed is one of the most important vehicle dynamic variables for vehicle stability control systems and is crucial for many other chassis control functions such as four-wheel-steering. While vehicle lateral speed can be directly measured by instrumental sensors such as optical sensors or GPS sensors, there are practical issues such as cost, accuracy and reliability that inhibit production vehicles from using these sensors at present or in the near future. Therefore, the estimation of vehicle lateral speed based on other vehicle input/output signals is an important topic and has been widely discussed in the literature. Even though the lateral speed (or side sip angle) estimation problem had been actively studied, there were few comparison studies between representative methods, which is the main focus of this paper. We will compare three methodologies: a transfer function approach, the state-space approach by Liu and Peng [4], and the kinematics approach by Farrelly and Wellstead [5]. The basic ideas of these three methods are quite different. For example, the transfer function method uses an ARX least-square estimation method to construct a best estimation of the system input (steering) and output (yaw rate) behavior. The identified model is then used to construct an estimated vehicle lateral speed transfer function. The state space model needs to deal with both parameter (cornering stiffness) and state (lateral speed) estimation problems simultaneously. This is a challenging task and an adaptive observer was developed for this problem. The kinematics method proposed by Farrelly and Wellstead [5] was based on longitudinal and lateral kinematics, and does not rely on a dynamic model as the previous two methods. Due to the difference in underlying techniques, these methods exhibit dissimilar behavior.
Changes in carbon and nitrogen cycling during tree-line retreat recorded in the isotopic content of lacustrine organic matter, western Taimyr Peninsula, Russia

Bulk organic and cellulose stable carbon isotope and bulk organic nitrogen isotope profiles from the sediments of a small tundra lake on the western Taimyr Peninsula, Russia, show changes that are correlated with climate cooling and treeline retreat at c. 4000C years BP. Increased soil organic matter decomposition, combined with a moist climate, probably provided a C-depleted source of CO 2(aq) to lake phytoplankton thriving under favourable conditions during the forest interval. Increased concentration of CO 2(aq) and re-utilization of respired CO2(aq) from organic matter settling through the water column may have also contributed to the relatively lowdC values in the lower part of the lake sediment record. Bulk organic and cellulose carbon are more enriched inC after the boreal forest retreated probably because CO 2 from the atmosphere became the dominant source of carbon to the lake as soil organic decomposition rates declined, the lake became more oligotrophic, and the climate became colder and drier. Reduced concentration of CO 2(aq) may have also led to C-enrichment. Interpretation of the bulk organic dN record is somewhat more speculative but changes in drainage basin terrestrial vegetation, soil decomposition and hydrology also appear to have strongly influenced the lake water nitrogen cycling. Although considerably more effort is required to assess modern carbon and nitrogen isotope systematics, these promising results suggest that lake sediment organic matter dC, dN and cellulosedC combine to form useful tracers of past nutrient cycling in boreal tree-line watersheds.
Medical dispatchers recognise substantial amount of acute stroke during emergency calls

BACKGROUND
Immediate recognition of stroke symptoms is crucial to ensure timely access to revascularisation therapy. Medical dispatchers ensure fast admission to stroke facilities by prioritising the appropriate medical response. Data on medical dispatchers' ability to recognise symptoms of acute stroke are therefore critical in organising emergency stroke care. We aimed to describe the sensitivity and positive predictive value of medical dispatchers' ability to recognise acute stroke during emergency calls, and to identify factors associated with recognition.


METHODS
This was an observational study of 2653 consecutive unselected patients with a final diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). All admitted through the Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen, during a 2-year study period (2012-2014). Final diagnoses were matched with dispatch codes from the Emergency Medical Dispatch Centre. Sensitivity and positive predictive value were calculated. The effect of age, gender, and time-of-day was analysed using multivariable logistic regression.


RESULTS
The sensitivity was 66.2 % (95 % CI: 64.4 %-68.0 %), and the positive predictive value was 30.2 % (95 % CI: 29.1 %-31.4 %). The multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that emergency calls during daytime and a final diagnosis of TIA vs. intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), was positively associated with recognition of stroke (OR 2.70, 95 % CI: 2.04-3.57).


DISCUSSION
This study reports a high rate of stroke recognition compared to other studies ranging from 31% to 74%. The high sensitivity is likely the result of a profound reorganisation of the Emergency Medical ServicesCopenhagen, including the introduction of EMDs with a medical profession, and a criteria-based dispatch tool. A recognition rate of 100 % is not obtainable without an inappropriate amount of false positive cases.


CONCLUSIONS
We report an overall high recognition of stroke by medical dispatchers. A final diagnosis of TIA, compared to ICH, was positively associated with recognition of acute stroke. Emergency medical dispatchers serve as the essential first step in ensuring fast-track stroke treatment, which would promote timely acute therapy.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Unique identifier: NCT02191514.
Impacting clinical evaluation of anterior talofibular ligament injuries through analysis of ultrasound images

BACKGROUND
Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is considered as the weakest ankle ligament that is most prone to injuries. Ultrasound imaging with its portable, non-invasive and non-ionizing radiation nature is increasingly being used for ATFL diagnosis. However, diagnosis of ATFL injuries requires its segmentation from ultrasound images that is a challenging task due to the existence of homogeneous intensity regions, homogeneous textures and low contrast regions in ultrasound images. To address these issues, this research has developed an efficient ATFL segmentation framework that would contribute to accurate and efficient diagnosis of ATFL injuries for clinical evaluation.


METHODS
The developed framework comprises of five computational steps to segment the ATFL ligament region. Initially, region of interest is selected from the original image, which is followed by the adaptive histogram equalization to enhance the contrast level of the ultrasound image. The enhanced contrast image is further optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Thereafter, the optimized image is processed by the Chan-Vese method to extract the ATFL region through curve evolution; then the resultant image smoothed by morphological operation. The algorithm is tested on 25 subjects' datasets and the corresponding performance metrics are evaluated to demonstrate its clinical applicability.


RESULTS
The performance of the developed framework is evaluated based on various measurement metrics. It was found that estimated computational performance of the developed framework is 12 times faster than existing Chan-Vese method. Furthermore, the developed framework yielded the average sensitivity of 98.3 %, specificity of 96.6 % and accuracy of 96.8 % as compared to the manual segmentation. In addition, the obtained distance using Hausdorff is 14.2 pixels and similarity index by Jaccard is 91 %, which are indicating the enhanced performance whilst segmented area of ATFL region obtained from five normal (average Pixels-16,345.09), five tear (average Pixels-14,940.96) and five thickened (average Pixels-12,179.20) subjects' datasets show good performance of developed framework to be used in clinical practices.


CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of obtained results, the developed framework is computationally more efficient and more accurate with lowest rate of coefficient of variation (less than 5 %) that indicates the highest clinical significance of this research in the assessment of ATFL injuries.
Testing generalized linear models using smoothing spline methods

This article considers testing the hypothesis of Generalized Linear Models (GLM) versus general smoothing spline models for data from exponential families. The tests developed are based on the connection between smoothing spline models and Bayesian models (Gu (1992)). They are extensions of the locally most powerful (LMP) test of Cox, Koh, Wahba and Yandell (1988), the generalized maximum likelihood ratio (GML) test and the generalized cross validation (GCV) test of Wahba (1990) for Gaussian data. Null distribution approximations are considered and simulations are done to evaluate these approximations. Simulations show that the LMP and GML tests are more powerful for low frequency functions while the GCV test is more powerful for high frequency functions, which is also true for Gaussian data (Liu and Wang (2004)). The tests are applied to data from the Wisconsin Epidemiology Study of Diabetic Retinopathy, the results of which confirm and provide more definite analysis than those of previous studies. The good performances of the tests make them useful tools for diagnosis of GLM.
Diagnostic accuracy of a 2D left ventricle hypertrophy score for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

AIMS
To study the diagnostic value of a new 2D left ventricle hypertrophy (2D LVH) score in families with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in comparison with the conventional maximal wall thickness (MWT) measurement (>13 mm in adults), which is limited by a low sensitivity in relatives.


METHODS AND RESULTS
The study was performed in 237 adults from genotyped families with HCM. Population A (derivation sample) comprised 109 adults and population B (validation sample) comprised 128 adults. MWT and 2D LVH scores (sum of thicknesses of four segments) were determined by echocardiography. Genotyping was the gold standard for diagnosis. In population A, a theoretical value for LVH score was determined in the healthy population by a multiple linear regression model including age, sex, and body surface area. An abnormal cut-off value was defined as an LVH score above a maximum theoretical value according to receiver operating characteristic analysis. Sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 73 and 96% for 2D LVH score and 62.5 and 100% for MWT. Improvement of sensitivity was particularly important in adults <50 years of age (69 vs. 54%, respectively, P<0.04). These results were validated in population B: sensitivity and specificity of LVH score were, respectively, 75 and 96% in this sample and 67 and 97%, in the subgroup <50 years. In the latter, sensitivity of LVH score increased when compared with that of MWT (67 vs. 53%, P<0.03).


CONCLUSIONS
The LVH score has a higher diagnostic value for HCM than the conventional criterion of MWT, particularly in young adults. This echographic parameter may be proposed as an alternative diagnostic criterion for familial screening.
Predictors of new graduate nurses' workplace well-being: testing the job demands-resources model.

BACKGROUND
New graduate nurses currently experience a stressful transition into the workforce, resulting in high levels of burnout and job turnover in their first year of practice.


PURPOSE
This study tested a theoretical model of new graduate nurses' worklife derived from the job demands-resources model to better understand how job demands (workload and bullying), job resources (job control and supportive professional practice environments), and a personal resource (psychological capital) combine to influence new graduate experiences of burnout and work engagement and, ultimately, health and job outcomes.


METHODOLOGY/APPROACH
A descriptive correlational design was used to test the hypothesized model in a sample of newly graduated nurses (N = 420) working in acute care hospitals in Ontario, Canada. Data were collected from July to November 2009. Participants were mailed questionnaires to their home address using the Total Design Method to improve response rates. All variables were measured using standardized questionnaires, and structural equation modeling was used to test the model.


FINDINGS
The final model fit statistics partially supported the original hypothesized model. In the final model, job demands (workload and bullying) predicted burnout and, subsequently, poor mental health. Job resources (supportive practice environment and control) predicted work engagement and, subsequently, lower turnover intentions. Burnout also was a significant predictor of turnover intent (a crossover effect). Furthermore, personal resources (psychological capital) significantly influenced both burnout and work engagement.


PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
The model suggests that managerial strategies targeted at specific job demands and resources can create workplace environments that promote work engagement and prevent burnout to support the retention and well-being of the new graduate nurse population.
Developing a car gesture interface for use as a secondary task

Existing gesture-interface research has centered on controlling the user's primary task. This paper explores the use of gestures to control secondary tasks while the user is focused on driving. Through contextual inquiry, ten iterative prototypes, and a Wizard of Oz experiment, we show that a gesture interface is a viable alternative for completing secondary tasks in the car.
Indigenous cultural training for health workers in Australia.

PURPOSE
Culturally inappropriate health services contribute to persistent health inequalities. This article reviews approaches to indigenous cultural training for health workers and assesses how effectively they have been translated into training programmes within Australia.


DATA SOURCES
CINAHL PLUS, MEDLINE, Wiley InterScience, ATSIHealth and ProQuest.


STUDY SELECTION
The review focuses on the conceptual and empirical literature on indigenous cultural training for health workers within selected settler-colonial countries, together with published evaluations of such training programmes in Australia. Data extraction Information on conceptual models underpinning training was extracted descriptively. Details of authors, year, area of investigation, participant group, evaluation method and relevant findings were extracted from published evaluations.


RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS
Six models relevant to cultural training were located and organized into a conceptual schema ('cultural competence, transcultural care, cultural safety, cultural awareness, cultural security and cultural respect'). Indigenous cultural training in Australia is most commonly based on a 'cultural awareness' model. Nine published evaluations of Australian indigenous cultural training programmes for health workers were located. Of the three studies that assessed change at multiple points in time, two found positive changes. However, the only study to include a control group found no effect.


CONCLUSION
This review shows that the evidence for the effectiveness of indigenous cultural training programmes in Australia is poor. Critiques of cultural training from indigenous and non-indigenous scholars suggest that a 'cultural safety' model may offer the most potential to improve the effectiveness of health services for indigenous Australians.
Two Conserved Histone Demethylases Regulate Mitochondrial Stress-Induced Longevity

Across eukaryotic species, mild mitochondrial stress can have beneficial effects on the lifespan of organisms. Mitochondrial dysfunction activates an unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)), a stress signaling mechanism designed to ensure mitochondrial homeostasis. Perturbation of mitochondria during larval development in C. elegans not only delays aging but also maintains UPR(mt) signaling, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism that modulates both longevity and mitochondrial proteostasis throughout life. We identify the conserved histone lysine demethylases jmjd-1.2/PHF8 and jmjd-3.1/JMJD3 as positive regulators of lifespan in response to mitochondrial dysfunction across species. Reduction of function of the demethylases potently suppresses longevity and UPR(mt) induction, while gain of function is sufficient to extend lifespan in a UPR(mt)-dependent manner. A systems genetics approach in the BXD mouse reference population further indicates conserved roles of the mammalian orthologs in longevity and UPR(mt) signaling. These findings illustrate an evolutionary conserved epigenetic mechanism that determines the rate of aging downstream of mitochondrial perturbations.
Calibrating the Performance of SNP Arrays for Whole-Genome Association Studies

To facilitate whole-genome association studies (WGAS), several high-density SNP genotyping arrays have been developed. Genetic coverage and statistical power are the primary benchmark metrics in evaluating the performance of SNP arrays. Ideally, such evaluations would be done on a SNP set and a cohort of individuals that are both independently sampled from the original SNPs and individuals used in developing the arrays. Without utilization of an independent test set, previous estimates of genetic coverage and statistical power may be subject to an overfitting bias. Additionally, the SNP arrays' statistical power in WGAS has not been systematically assessed on real traits. One robust setting for doing so is to evaluate statistical power on thousands of traits measured from a single set of individuals. In this study, 359 newly sampled Americans of European descent were genotyped using both Affymetrix 500K (Affx500K) and Illumina 650Y (Ilmn650K) SNP arrays. From these data, we were able to obtain estimates of genetic coverage, which are robust to overfitting, by constructing an independent test set from among these genotypes and individuals. Furthermore, we collected liver tissue RNA from the participants and profiled these samples on a comprehensive gene expression microarray. The RNA levels were used as a large-scale set of quantitative traits to calibrate the relative statistical power of the commercial arrays. Our genetic coverage estimates are lower than previous reports, providing evidence that previous estimates may be inflated due to overfitting. The Ilmn650K platform showed reasonable power (50% or greater) to detect SNPs associated with quantitative traits when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is greater than or equal to 0.5 and the causal SNP's minor allele frequency (MAF) is greater than or equal to 20% (N = 359). In testing each of the more than 40,000 gene expression traits for association to each of the SNPs on the Ilmn650K and Affx500K arrays, we found that the Ilmn650K yielded 15% times more discoveries than the Affx500K at the same false discovery rate (FDR) level.
Unit commitment in power generation - a basic model and some extensions

Optimization problems in the power industry have attracted researchers from engineering, operations research and mathematics for many years. The complex nature of generation, transmission, and distribution of electric power implies ample opportunity of improvement towards the optimal. Mathematical models have proven indispensable in deepening the understanding of these optimization problems. The progress in algorithms and implementations has an essential share in widening the abilities to solve these optimization problems on hardware that is permanently improving. In the present paper we address unit commitment in power operation planning. This problem concerns the scheduling of start-up/shut-down decisions and operation levels for power generation units such that the fuel costs over some time horizon are minimal. The diversity of power systems regarding technological design and economic environment leads to a variety of issues potentially occurring in mathematical models of unit commitment. The ongoing liberalization of electricity markets will add to this by shifting the objective in power planning from fuel cost minimization to revenue maximization. For an introduction into basic aspects of unit commitment the reader is referred to the book by Wood and Wollenberg [35]. A literature synopsis on various traditional methodological approaches has been compiled by Sheble and Fahd [29]. In our paper, we present some of the more recent issues in modeling and algorithms for unit commitment. The present paper grew out of a collaboration with the German utility VEAG Vereinigte Energiewerke AG Berlin whose generation system comprises conventional coal and gas fired thermal units as well as pumped-storage plants. An important
Expression, Regulation and Putative Nutrient-Sensing Function of Taste GPCRs in the Heart

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical for cardiovascular physiology. Cardiac cells express >100 nonchemosensory GPCRs, indicating that important physiological and potential therapeutic targets remain to be discovered. Moreover, there is a growing appreciation that members of the large, distinct taste and odorant GPCR families have specific functions in tissues beyond the oronasal cavity, including in the brain, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. To date, these chemosensory GPCRs have not been systematically studied in the heart. We performed RT-qPCR taste receptor screens in rodent and human heart tissues that revealed discrete subsets of type 2 taste receptors (TAS2/Tas2) as well as Tas1r1 and Tas1r3 (comprising the umami receptor) are expressed. These taste GPCRs are present in cultured cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts, and by in situ hybridization can be visualized across the myocardium in isolated cardiac cells. Tas1r1 gene-targeted mice (Tas1r1(Cre)/Rosa26(tdRFP)) strikingly recapitulated these data. In vivo taste receptor expression levels were developmentally regulated in the postnatal period. Intriguingly, several Tas2rs were upregulated in cultured rat myocytes and in mouse heart in vivo following starvation. The discovery of taste GPCRs in the heart opens an exciting new field of cardiac research. We predict that these taste receptors may function as nutrient sensors in the heart.
A new probabilistic load flow method for systems with wind penetration

This paper introduces a new approximate method for probabilistic load flow studies called the Unscented Transforms (UT). The method involves choosing a few selected discrete points to approximate the probability distribution of random functions within the system. Wind speed variation is represented by a 3-parameter Weibull distribution while the wind power generated by the turbine is approximated as a composite distribution comprising truncated Weibull and degenerate distributions. The Cornish-Fisher expansion technique is employed in plotting the output distribution function. A simple 3-bus test system and the IEEE 14-bus test system are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the UT method by comparing results obtained with those from other methods.
The innovation of the teaching pattern driven by the software company

The paper presents one teaching pattern driven by the practice in order to overcome the problems found in the existing teaching pattern. The new teaching pattern stimulates the students to work in the class as they are in the real software companies. So the students can apply the theory to the practice. The practice lays the foundation of the subsequent work after graduation.