LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of scapular posterior tilting exercise alone and scapular posterior tilting exercise after pectoralis minor stretching on scapular alignment and scapular upward rotators activity in subjects with short pectoralis minor.

OBJECTIVES
To compare scapular posterior tilting exercise alone and scapular posterior tilting exercise after pectoralis minor (PM) stretching on the PM index (PMI), scapular anterior tilting index, scapular upward rotation angle, and scapular upward rotators' activity in subjects with a short PM.


PARTICIPANTS
Fifteen subjects with a short PM participated in this study.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The PMI, scapular anterior tilting index, and scapular upward rotation angle were measured after scapular posterior tilting exercise alone and scapular posterior tilting exercise after PM stretches. Scapular upward rotators' activities were collected during scapular posterior tilting exercise alone and scapular posterior tilting exercise after PM stretches.


RESULTS
The PMI and scapular upward rotation angle, as well as the activity of the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles, were significantly greater for scapular posterior tilting exercise after PM stretching and the scapular anterior tilting index was significantly lower for scapular posterior tilting exercise after PM stretching than the scapular posterior tilting exercise alone.


CONCLUSIONS
Scapular posterior tilting exercise after PM stretching in subjects with a short PM could be an effective method of modifying scapular alignment and scapular upward rotator activity.
A new method for measuring deformation on volcanoes and other natural terrains using InSAR persistent scatterers

[1] We present here a new InSAR persistent scatterer (PS) method for analyzing episodic crustal deformation in non-urban environments, with application to volcanic settings. Our method for identifying PS pixels in a series of interferograms is based primarily on phase characteristics and finds low-amplitude pixels with phase stability that are not identified by the existing amplitude-based algorithm. Our method also uses the spatial correlation of the phases rather than a well-defined phase history so that we can observe temporally-variable processes, e.g., volcanic deformation. The algorithm involves removing the residual topographic component of flattened interferogram phase for each PS, then unwrapping the PS phases both spatially and temporally. Our method finds scatterers with stable phase characteristics independent of amplitudes associated with man-made objects, and is applicable to areas where conventional InSAR fails due to complete decorrelation of the majority of scatterers, yet a few stable scatterers are present.
Clinical study of primary progressive multiple sclerosis in Northern Ireland, UK.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the clinical and demographic characteristics of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) in Northern Ireland and to establish a database of such patients for genetic and immunological studies and future therapeutic trials.


METHODS
Diagnosis and categorisation were performed by two neurologists, potential cases being identified from the following sources: neurology outpatient clinics; neurology inpatients; a review of hospital discharges; and an ongoing epidemiological study of multiple sclerosis in Northern Ireland. Only those with a progressive course from onset and a clear history of no prior relapses were accepted. Potential cases were invited for interview and assessment, the minimal record of disability (MRD) being established.


RESULTS
One hundred and eleven cases of PPMS have been identified, 63 women and 48 men (ratio 1.3:1), with a mean age at onset of 39.5 (SD 11.0) (range 17-66)years, and mean disease duration of 13.6 (SD 9.3)years. The mean interval between onset and diagnosis was 4.7 (SD 4.2) years. Nineteen patients (17.1%) did not satisfy the requirements for any category in the Poser criteria. Motor disturbance was the commonest mode of onset (67.6%) with visual loss occurring only rarely at onset (3.6%). Kurtzke EDSS scores were concentrated at the upper end of the scale with a median of 6.0 and levels of unemployment and financial dependence were high.


CONCLUSIONS
PPMS in Northern Ireland has a generally later age at onset, lower female preponderance, and predominantly motor onset compared with other subgroups of multiple sclerosis. The delay to diagnosis reflects the often insidious onset and the nature of the clinical course makes application of the Poser criteria difficult. Levels of neurological impairment, disability, and handicap as measured by the MRD are high.
Learning depth-sensitive conditional random fields for semantic segmentation of RGB-D images

We present a structured learning approach to semantic annotation of RGB-D images. Our method learns to reason about spatial relations of objects and fuses low-level class predictions to a consistent interpretation of a scene. Our model incorporates color, depth and 3D scene features, on which an energy function is learned to directly optimize object class prediction using the loss-based maximum-margin principle of structural support vector machines. We evaluate our approach on the NYU V2 dataset of indoor scenes, a challenging dataset covering a wide variety of scene layouts and object classes. We hard-code much less information about the scene layout into our model then previous approaches, and instead learn object relations directly from the data. We find that our conditional random field approach improves upon previous work, setting a new state-of-the-art for the dataset.
Political Controversy: A Study in Eighteenth-Century Propaganda

Preface Masks, Readers, and Style A Very Different Kind of Reviewing: The Essay-Sheets and Related Publications A Very Different Kind of Reviewing: II. Editor's Notes and Comments Aftermath as Climax: North Briton, No. 45 Bibliography Index
Relationship between disability and health-related quality of life and caregiver burden in patients with upper limb poststroke spasticity.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relationship between disability and both health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and caregiver burden in patients with upper limb poststroke spasticity.


DESIGN
Multicenter open-label study.


SETTING
Thirty-five sites in North America.


PARTICIPANTS
Patients (N = 279) with upper limb poststroke spasticity.


METHODS
Post hoc analyses of data from an open-label study were performed to estimate HRQoL and caregiver burden at study baseline across levels of disability in 4 problem domains: hygiene, dressing, limb posture, and pain. Disability severity in these areas was determined by using the 4-point Disability Assessment Scale rated by the physicians.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
HRQoL measured by the patient-reported EuroQol 5 Dimensions questionnaire and the Stroke-Adapted Sickness Impact Profile and caregiver burden.


RESULTS
At study baseline, increasing disability in the hygiene, dressing, and pain domains of the Disability Assessment Scale was associated with diminishing HRQoL scores (P < .002) measured by the EuroQol 5 Dimensions. By using the Stroke-Adapted Sickness Impact Profile, greater disability scores in all problem domains were significantly associated with higher overall dysfunction scores (P ≤ .05). Within the physical dimension of the Stroke-Adapted Sickness Impact Profile, significant associations also were observed in all domains. At baseline, caregiver burden was significantly related to increasing levels of hygiene and dressing domain severity (P ≤ .05). Caregiver assistance requirement increased from approximately 9.0-28.2 hours per week in the hygiene domain and 3.3-32.1 hours per week in the dressing domain as disability increased from "none" to "severe."


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with upper limb poststroke spasticity, increasing disability in the hygiene, dressing, and pain domains of the Disability Assessment Scale were associated with diminishing HRQoL. Furthermore, these patients required caregiver assistance proportionally related to the severity of their disability in the hygiene and dressing domains.
Association of plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen with prognosis of inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

BACKGROUND
It is unclear whether abnormalities of coagulation or fibrinolysis are associated with disease progression of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of these factors with the severity and prognosis of CTEPH.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Between 1986 and 2011, plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen were measured in 89 of 106 consecutive patients with inoperable CTEPH (17 men; mean age, 55.9±14.1 years old; mean pulmonary arterial pressure, 44.0±12.4 mmHg) and the association of level with severity and prognosis were also examined. Seventeen patients had high fibrinogen and low plasminogen (medians, ≥291 mg/dl and <101%, respectively). These patients had significantly lower cardiac index (2.26±0.68 vs. 2.70±0.57 L·min(-1)·m(-2), P=0.007), higher pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR; 13.29±7.54 vs. 9.15±4.14 Wood units, P=0.003), and poor survival (5-year survival, 35.3% vs. 88.0%, P<0.001) compared to the other 72 patients. Additional analysis showed significantly poor survival in these patients compared with the other patients who did not have modern therapy. On multivariate analysis plasma fibrinogen, plasminogen and PVR were independent predictors of survival in medically treated patients.


CONCLUSIONS
High plasma fibrinogen and low plasminogen are associated with poor survival in CTEPH patients without modern therapy.
아르데코양식과 배경적요소가 실내디자인에 미치는 영향

【Style have been changing by the situations and the background of contemporary politics, society and economics, and which influence significantly to create new forms. Since the style of ART DECOC 1929s -1930s) has been studied with main reference to its cause and motivation, it is known that the style of ART DECO is one that has given $ $\mu$ h potential and chance to the development of interior design.In the study, it was focussed on to study on interior design, architecture, funiture, etc. in America where ART DECO had been once successful in his career. The following are the contents of the study implying the establishment of directions concerning styles in accordance with the transitional process of the era, etc.; i.e., the purpose of the study, the range + period of the study, contemporary backgrounds, elements of ART DECO' style, ART DECO in AmericaCthe background of ART DECO s subject, etc.).The writer of this study, while referring to the study and groping for any help to finding a brilliant concept of design and the merit of the trend of a contemporary era, hope to contribute more my own interior design.】
Proper complex random processes with applications to information theory

The “covariance” of complex random variables and processes, when defined consistently with the corresponding notion for real random variables, is shown to be determined by the usual (complex) covariance together with a quantity called the pseudo-covariance. A characterization of uncorrelatedness and wide-sense stationarity in terms of covariance and pseudocovariance is given. Complex random variables and processes with a vanishing pseudo-covariance are called proper. It is shown that properness is preserved under affine transformations and that the complex-multivariate Gaussian density assumes a natural form only for proper random variables. The maximum-entropy theorem is generalized to the complex-multivariate case. The differential entropy of a complex random vector with a fixed correlation matrix is shown to be maximum, if and only if the random vector is proper, Gaussian and zero-mean. The notion of circular stutionarity is introduced. For the class of proper complex random processes, a discrete Fourier transform correspondence is derived relating circular stationarity in the time domain to uncorrelatedness in the frequency domain. As an application of the theory, the capacity of a discrete-time channel with complex inputs, proper complex additive white Gaussian noise, and a finite complex unit-sample response is determined. This derivation is considerably simpler than an earlier derivation for the real discrete-time Gaussian channel with intersymbol interference, whose capacity is obtained as a by-product of the results for the complex channel. Znder Terms-Proper complex random processes, circular stationarity, intersymbol interference, capacity.
Venous thromboembolic events are rare after shoulder surgery: analysis of a national database.

BACKGROUND
Data on venous thromboembolic (VTE) events after different types of shoulder surgery have not previously been available in large numbers in the United Kingdom. We aimed to determine baseline postoperative complication rates with reference to national thromboembolic prophylaxis guidelines.


METHODS
Diagnostic and operative codes are routinely collected on every patient admitted to the hospital in the English NHS. Data for a 42-month period were analyzed for planned shoulder surgery (total replacement, hemiarthroplasty, or arthroscopy) and proximal humeral fracture surgery (internal fixation or replacement). In addition, complications during the two 6-month periods before and after the implementation of national thromboprophylaxis guidelines were compared. Rates of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and mortality within 90 days were extracted.


RESULTS
For total shoulder replacement (4,061 patients), deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and mortality rates were 0%, 0.20%, and 0.22%, respectively. For arthroscopic procedures (65,302 patients), the rates were less than 0.01%, 0.01%, and 0.03%, respectively. For proximal humeral fracture surgery (internal fixation or replacement, 4,696 patients), the rates were 0.19%, 0.40%, and 3.02%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the VTE event or mortality rates before and after the introduction of the 2007 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines after arthroscopy or proximal humeral fracture surgery. A statistically significant decrease in total shoulder replacement-related mortality was found, from 0.72% (5 patients) to 0%.


DISCUSSION
VTE disease is not a significant problem after shoulder surgery, and thromboprophylaxis may not be required, even in high-risk patients. National thromboprophylaxis guidelines did not affect VTE event rates.
A deep convolutional neural network using heterogeneous pooling for trading acoustic invariance with phonetic confusion

We develop and present a novel deep convolutional neural network architecture, where heterogeneous pooling is used to provide constrained frequency-shift invariance in the speech spectrogram while minimizing speech-class confusion induced by such invariance. The design of the pooling layer is guided by domain knowledge about how speech classes would change when formant frequencies are modified. The convolution and heterogeneous-pooling layers are followed by a fully connected multi-layer neural network to form a deep architecture interfaced to an HMM for continuous speech recognition. During training, all layers of this entire deep net are regularized using a variant of the “dropout” technique. Experimental evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of both heterogeneous pooling and dropout regularization. On the TIMIT phonetic recognition task, we have achieved an 18.7% phone error rate, lowest on this standard task reported in the literature with a single system and with no use of information about speaker identity. Preliminary experiments on large vocabulary speech recognition in a voice search task also show error rate reduction using heterogeneous pooling in the deep convolutional neural network.
How Does Corporate Ethics Contribute to Firm Financial Performance ? The Mediating Role of Collective Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Jinseok

http://jom.sagepub.com/content/39/4/853 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/0149206311419662 2013 39: 853 originally published online 1 September 2011 Journal of Management Jinseok S. Chun, Yuhyung Shin, Jin Nam Choi and Min Soo Kim Citizenship Behavior Mediating Role of Collective Organizational Commitment and Organizational How Does Corporate Ethics Contribute to Firm Financial Performance? : The
HYPER-LP: a system for power minimization using architectural transformations

The increasing demand for “portable” computing and communication, has elevated power consumption to be the most critical design parameter. An automated high-level synthesis system, HYPER-LP, is presented for minimizing power consumption in application specific datapath intensive CMOS circuits using a variety of architectural and computational transformations. The sources of power consumption are reviewed and the effects of architectural transformations on the various power components are presented. The synthesis environment consists of high-level estimation of power consumption, a library of transformation primitives (local and global), and heuristic/probabilistic optimization search mechanisms for fast and efficient scanning of the design space. Examples with varying degree of computational complexity and structures are optimized and synthesized using the HYPER-LP system. The results indicate that an order of magnitude reduction in power can be achieved over current-day design methodologies while maintaining the system throughput; in some cases this can be accomplished while preserving or reducing the implementation area.
Automatic Taxonomy Construction from Keywords via Scalable Bayesian Rose Trees

In this paper, we study a challenging problem of deriving a taxonomy from a set of keyword phrases. A solution can benefit many real-world applications because i) keywords give users the flexibility and ease to characterize a specific domain; and ii) in many applications, such as online advertisements, the domain of interest is already represented by a set of keywords. However, it is impossible to create a taxonomy out of a keyword set itself. We argue that additional knowledge and context are needed. To this end, we first use a general-purpose knowledgebase and keyword search to supply the required knowledge and context. Then, we develop a Bayesian approach to build a hierarchical taxonomy for a given set of keywords. We reduce the complexity of previous hierarchical clustering approaches from O(n2 log n) to O(n log n) using a nearest-neighbor-based approximation, so that we can derive a domainspecific taxonomy from one million keyword phrases in less than an hour. Finally, we conduct comprehensive large scale experiments to show the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. A real life example of building an insurance-related web search query taxonomy illustrates the usefulness of our approach for specific domains.
Cross cultural analysis of the use and perceptions of web Based learning systems

The main objective of this paper is to examine cultural differences and technology acceptances from students of two universities, one is from a European country: Spain, and the other is in Latin America: Chile. Both of them provide their students with e-learning platforms. The technology acceptance model (TAM) and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions are the tools used to measure the acceptance and use of web-based learning platforms and cultural diversity of respondents, respectively. In summary, we can affirm that the sample of tertiary Spanish and Chilean students are culturally different with regard to some of Hofstede’s dimensions, but their behavior of acceptance of e-learning technology globally matches according to the TAM model. This study provides relevant implications for on-line courses managers’ who have tertiary students from different nationalities. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Estimating Regional Spatial and Temporal Variability of PM2.5 Concentrations Using Satellite Data, Meteorology, and Land Use Information

BACKGROUND
Studies of chronic health effects due to exposures to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters <or= 2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) are often limited by sparse measurements. Satellite aerosol remote sensing data may be used to extend PM(2.5) ground networks to cover a much larger area.


OBJECTIVES
In this study we examined the benefits of using aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) in conjunction with land use and meteorologic information to estimate ground-level PM(2.5) concentrations.


METHODS
We developed a two-stage generalized additive model (GAM) for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PM(2.5) concentrations in a domain centered in Massachusetts. The AOD model represents conditions when AOD retrieval is successful; the non-AOD model represents conditions when AOD is missing in the domain.


RESULTS
The AOD model has a higher predicting power judged by adjusted R(2) (0.79) than does the non-AOD model (0.48). The predicted PM(2.5) concentrations by the AOD model are, on average, 0.8-0.9 microg/m(3) higher than the non-AOD model predictions, with a more smooth spatial distribution, higher concentrations in rural areas, and the highest concentrations in areas other than major urban centers. Although AOD is a highly significant predictor of PM(2.5), meteorologic parameters are major contributors to the better performance of the AOD model.


CONCLUSIONS
GOES aerosol/smoke product (GASP) AOD is able to summarize a set of weather and land use conditions that stratify PM(2.5) concentrations into two different spatial patterns. Even if land use regression models do not include AOD as a predictor variable, two separate models should be fitted to account for different PM(2.5) spatial patterns related to AOD availability.
Autonomous Driving in Traffic: Boss and the Urban Challenge

Same as Report (SAR) 18. NUMBER
The linear quadratic optimal control problem for linear descriptor systems with variable coefficients

We study linear quadratic optimal control problems for linear variable coefficient descriptor systems. Generalization from the case of standard control problems leads to several difficulties. We discuss a behavioral approach that solves some of these difficulties. Furthermore, an analysis of general rectangular systems is given and generalized Euler-Lagrange equations and Riccati differential algebraic equations are discussed.