LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
De-anonymizing Web Browsing Data with Social Networks

Can online trackers and network adversaries de-anonymize web browsing data readily available to them? We show— theoretically, via simulation, and through experiments on real user data—that de-identified web browsing histories can be linked to social media profiles using only publicly available data. Our approach is based on a simple observation: each person has a distinctive social network, and thus the set of links appearing in one’s feed is unique. Assuming users visit links in their feed with higher probability than a random user, browsing histories contain tell-tale marks of identity. We formalize this intuition by specifying a model of web browsing behavior and then deriving the maximum likelihood estimate of a user’s social profile. We evaluate this strategy on simulated browsing histories, and show that given a history with 30 links originating from Twitter, we can deduce the corresponding Twitter profile more than 50% of the time. To gauge the real-world e↵ectiveness of this approach, we recruited nearly 400 people to donate their web browsing histories, and we were able to correctly identify more than 70% of them. We further show that several online trackers are embedded on su ciently many websites to carry out this attack with high accuracy. Our theoretical contribution applies to any type of transactional data and is robust to noisy observations, generalizing a wide range of previous de-anonymization attacks. Finally, since our attack attempts to find the correct Twitter profile out of over 300 million candidates, it is—to our knowledge—the largestscale demonstrated de-anonymization to date. CCS Concepts •Security and privacy ! Pseudonymity, anonymity and untraceability; •Information systems ! Online advertising; Social networks; Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org. c 2017 ACM. ISBN TDB. DOI: TBD
Clinical course of extrarenal symptoms in Henoch-Schonlein purpura: a 6-month prospective study.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the extrarenal symptoms and clinical course of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP).


DESIGN
A prospective national multicentre trial with 6-month follow-up. Patients A total of 223 newly diagnosed paediatric HSP patients.


RESULTS
Purpura was the initial symptom in 73% of the patients and was preceded by joint or gastrointestinal manifestations in the rest by a mean of 4 days. Joint symptoms, abdominal pain, melena, nephritis and recurrences occurred in 90%, 57%, 8%, 46% and 25% of the patients, respectively. Orchitis affected 17/122 (14%) of the boys. Seven patients developed protein-losing enteropathy characterised by abdominal pain, oedema and serum albumin under 30 g/l, and an additional 49 patients had subnormal albumin levels without any proteinuria. Positive fecal occult blood (26/117, 22%) and α1-antitrypsin (7/77, 9%) suggested mucosal injury even in the patients without gastrointestinal symptoms. HSP was often preceded by various bacterial, especially streptococcal (36%) and viral infections. Previous streptococcal infection did not induce changes in the level of complement component C3. Recurrences were more frequent in patients >8 years of age (OR 3.7, CI 2.0 to 7.0, p<0.001) and in patients with nephritis (OR 4.6, CI 2.3 to 8.9, p<0.001). Patients with severe HSP nephritis had more extrarenal symptoms up to 6 months. There was no difference in the clinical course between the prednisone-treated and non-treated patients during the 6-month follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
Serum albumin is often low in HSP patients without proteinuria, due to protein loss via the intestine. Although corticosteroids alleviate the symptoms, they seem not to alter the clinical course of HSP during 6 months of follow-up.
Ontology Based Information Extraction for Disease Intelligence

40BAbstract: Disease Intelligence (DI) is based on the acquisition and aggregation of fragmented knowledge of diseases at multiple sources all over the world to provide valuable information to doctors, researchers and information seeking community. Some diseases have their own characteristics changed rapidly at different places of the world and are reported on documents as unrelated and heterogeneous information which may be going unnoticed and may not be quickly available. This research presents an Ontology based theoretical framework in the context of medical intelligence and country/region. Ontology is designed for storing information about rapidly spreading and changing diseases with incorporating existing disease taxonomies to genetic information of both humans and infectious organisms. It further maps disease symptoms to diseases and drug effects to disease symptoms. The machine understandable disease ontology represented as a website thus allows the drug effects to be evaluated on disease symptoms and exposes genetic involvements in the human diseases. Infectious agents which have no known place in an existing classification but have data on genetics would still be identified as organisms through the intelligence of this system. It will further facilitate researchers on the subject to try out different solutions for curing diseases.
Sample Efficient Actor-Critic with Experience Replay

This paper presents an actor-critic deep reinforcement learning agent with experience replay that is stable, sample efficient, and performs remarkably well on challenging environments, including the discrete 57-game Atari domain and several continuous control problems. To achieve this, the paper introduces several innovations, including truncated importance sampling with bias correction, stochastic dueling network architectures, and a new trust region policy optimization method.
High ghrelin and obestatin levels and low risk of developing fatty liver.

AIM
Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It was recently reported that the ratio between levels of ghrelin and obestatin is also associated with obesity and insulin resistance. We investigated the association between the ghrelin/obestatin ratio and NAFLD.


METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 98 subjects (51 NAFLD patients and 47 controls). Anthropometric, metabolic and biochemical variables were measured and serum concentrations of ghrelin and obestatin were determined. Logistic regression analyses (univariate and multivariate) were conducted to determine whether NAFLD was associated with ghrelin and obestatin levels and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio.


RESULTS
We studied 51 NAFLD cases and 47 controls. Men comprised 82% of cases and 61% of controls. The mean ages of the groups differed significantly. Body mass index (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001) and WHR (P < 0.001) were significantly greater in the NAFLD group than in the control group. The NAFLD group had higher mean fasting glucose level (P = 0.001), HOMA-IR index (P < 0.001) and triglyceride level (P < 0.001) than the controls. Ghrelin and obestatin concentrations were classed according to tertiles. Multivariate analysis revealed a negative correlation between ghrelin and obestatin levels and an overweight status, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Ghrelin and obestatin were evaluated in multivariate logistic regression analysis, they had a protective effect against hepatic steatosis after controlling for potential confounders.


CONCLUSION
Serum ghrelin and obestatin concentrations are correlated with a low risk of developing NAFLD. However, ghrelin/obestatin ratio was not correlated with NAFLD.
A flexible full-information approach to the modeling of response styles.

We present a flexible full-information approach to modeling multiple user-defined response styles across multiple constructs of interest. The model is based on a novel parameterization of the multidimensional nominal response model that separates estimation of overall item slopes from the scoring functions (indicating the order of categories) for each item and latent trait. This feature allows the definition of response styles to vary across items as well as overall item slopes that vary across items for both substantive and response style dimensions. We compared the model with similar approaches using examples from the smoking initiative of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. A small set of simulations showed that the estimation approach is able to recover model parameters, factor scores, and reasonable estimates of standard errors. Furthermore, these simulations suggest that failing to include response style factors (when present in the data generating model) has adverse consequences for substantive trait factor score recovery. (PsycINFO Database Record
Could there be an association between chronic brucellosis and endothelial damage?

INTRODUCTION
In this study, we examined the effects of Brucella infection on endothelial dysfunction. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) measurement is indicator of the endothelial function, and abnormal values indicating endothelial dysfunction are accepted as the first stage of atherosclerosis.


METHODOLOGY
Twenty-four patients who had been treated for acute brucellosis two years before, and who had had no relapses in the follow-up, were prospectively included in the study, along with 30 healthy individuals in the control group.


RESULTS
While the highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) value was 2.42 ± 1.45 in the patient group, it was 1.72 ± 0.61 in the control group (p = 0.025). While the FMD value was 3.50 ± 1.58 in the patient group, it was 5.88 ± 1.88 in the control group (p < 0.001). While the percentage increase in FMD was 9.88 ± 4.92 in the patient group, it was 17.49 ± 6.3 in the control group (p < 0.001). It was observed that FMD value, the percentage increase in FMD, and basal radius were correlated with hs-CRP (r = -0.644, p < 0.001; r = - 0.558, p = 0.002; r = 0.444, p = 0.018, respectively). The carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) value was found to be 0.61 ± 0.17 in the patient group and 0.49 ± 0.12 in the control group (p = 0.004).


CONCLUSIONS
The abnormal FMD and IMT values observed in brucellosis patients might be an indicator of more frequent arterial dysfunction, increased cardiovascular risk, and atherosclerosis.
On the Individuality of Fingerprints

Fingerprint identification is based on two basic premises: (i) persistence: the basic characteristics of fingerprints do not change with time; and (ii) individuality: the fingerprint is unique to an individual. The validity of the first premise has been established by the anatomy and morphogenesis of friction ridge skin. While the second premise has been generally accepted to be true based on empirical results, the underlying scientific basis of fingerprint individuality has not been formally established. As a result, the validity of fingerprint evidence is now being challenged in several court cases. A scientific basis for establishing fingerprint individuality will not only result in the admissibility of fingerprint identification in the courts of law but will also establish an upper bound on the performance of an automatic fingerprint verification system. We address the problem of fingerprint individuality by quantifying the amount of information available in minutiae features to establish a correspondence between two fingerprint images. We derive an expression which estimates the probability of a false correspondence between minutiae-based representations from two arbitrary fingerprints belonging to different fingers. For example, the probability that a fingerprint with 36 minutiae points will share 12 minutiae points with another arbitrarily chosen fingerprint with 36 minutiae ∗An earlier version of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 805-812, Hawaii, December 11-13, 2001. †Corresponding Author
Institutions and Economic Theory

Editorâ€™s Introduction Originally published in Volume 36, Number 1, Spring 1992, pages 3-6 . Omicron Delta Epsilon presented Douglass North (1920-2015) with the John R. Commons award in 1992 for his contributions to the economics profession. The following year he shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Robert Fogel. The Nobel honored their work in applying economic theory and quantitative methods to the study of economic history and institutional change. As a pioneer in what has become known as cliometrics (named for the classical muse of history, Clio), Professor Northâ€™s scholarship focused on how human institutions and their organizational structures influence economic and societal outcomes. He is widely recognized as one of the founders of the New Institutional Economics school of thought. In this paper, his Commons Award lecture, Professor North describes and discusses his views on the limitations of neoclassical economics that are rooted in the assumption of instrumental rationality. His discourse on culturally influenced mental models and the limitations of our ability to process complex information presages the ongoing revolution in behavioral economics. This paper remains as timely today as it did when it first appeared in The American Economist .
Uniformly exponentially stable approximations for a class of second order evolution equations: Application to LQR problems

We consider the approximation of a class of exponentially stable infinite dimensional linear systems modelling the damped vibrations of one dimensional vibrating systems or of square plates. It is by now well known that the approximating systems obtained by usual finite element or finite difference are not, in general, uniformly stable with respect to the discretization parameter. Our main result shows that, by adding a suitable numerical viscosity term in the numerical scheme, our approximations are uniformly exponentially stable. This result is then applied to obtain strongly convergent approximations of the solutions of the algebraic Riccati equations associated to an LQR optimal control problem. We next give an application to a non-homogeneous string equation. Finally we apply similar techniques for approximating the equations of a damped square plate. Mathematics Subject Classification. 93D15, 65M60, 65M12. Received September 21, 2005. Revised January 19, 2006. Published online June 5, 2007.
Robotic service cores for ambient assisted living

In the paper we present the conceptual idea of scalable robotic service cores for a simplified and rapid deployment of ambient assisted living environments. We situate our approach in between fully networked homes on the one hand and smart artifacts on the other end of the scale. We elaborate on the multi-dimensional interdisciplinary challenges that need to be addressed for successful future pervasive healthcare systems. We illustrate our approach at the instance of a functional scale model of an example for a robotic service core and situate it in the body of research in the dimensions healthcare, architecture, design, society, culture and pervasive computing.
Efficacy of Epanolol versus Metoprolol in Angina Pectoris

114 patients aged between 43 and 79 (mean 61) years participated in the study, 86% of the patients were male. Ischaemic heart disease was documented by a previous myocardial infarction (53%), coronary arteriography (8%), exercise test (80%)or case history only (8%). Patients were given 200mg of epanolol or metoprolol daily. No other antianginal therapy was used apart .from short acting nitrates. The randomised double-blind crossover study design comprised a 4-week period on each drug. Bicycle ergometry was performed at the end of each treatment period. Exercise was commenced at 40 watts, with the work load being increased by 10 watts/minute until a symptom-limited maximum , e.g. pronounced ST segment depression (> 3mm) or significant tachyarrhythm ias, occurred. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, ST segment changes, perceived exertion, anginal pain and dyspnoea (by use of standardised Borg-scales) were recorded continuously, 2. Results
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome

HPA axis abnormalities in FM, CFS, and other stress-related disorders must be placed in a broad clinical context. We know that interventions providing symptomatic improvement in patients with FM and CFS can directly or indirectly affect the HPA axis. These interventions include exercise, tricyclic anti-depresssants, and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. There is little direct information as to how the specific HPA axis perturbations seen in FM can be related to the major symptomatic manifestations of pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and psychological distress. Since many of these somatic and psychological symptoms are present in other syndromes that exhibit HPA axis disturbances, it seems reasonable to suggest that there may be some relationship between basal and dynamic function of the HPA axis and clinical manifestations of FM and CFS. Veränderungen der Achse Hypothalamus-Hypophyse-Nebennierenrinde (HPA) beim Fibromyalgie-(FM) und Chronischem-Müdigkeits-Syndrom (CFS) sowie anderen Erkrankungen, bei denen Streßeinflüsse eine große Rolle zu spielen scheinen, müssen in einem größeren klinischen Kontext gesehen werden. Wir wissen, daß therapeutische Interventionen, die eine symptomatische Besserung bei Patienten mit FM und CFS bewirken, direkt oder indirekt Auswirkungen auf die HPA-Achse haben. Diese Interventionen schließen Bewegungstherapie, trizyklische Antidepressiva und Serotonin-Wiederaufnahme-Hemmer mit ein. Es ist wenig über die genauen Beziehungen zwischen den spezifischen Regulationsänderungen der HPA-Achse bei FM und den Hauptsymptomen wie Schmerz, Schwäche, Schlaftstörungen und psychologischer Streß bekannt. Da viele dieser somatischen und psychologischen Symptome auch bei anderen Syndromen vorkommen, welche Störungen der HPA-Achse zeigen, scheint es folgerichtig anzunehmen, daß zwischen den klinischen Manifestationen von FM und CFS Beziehungen zu basalen und dynamischen Funktionen der HPA-Achse bestehen.
Efficient and Robust Question Answering from Minimal Context over Documents

[1] Robin Jia, Percy Liang. “Adversarial examples for evaluating reading comprehension systems.” In EMNLP 2017. [2] Caiming Xiong, Victor Zhong, Richard Socher. “DCN+ Mixed objective and deep residual coattention for question answering.” In ICLR 2018. [3] Danqi Chen, Adam Fisch, Jason Weston, Antoine Bordes. “Reading wikipedia to answer open-domain questions.” In ACL 2017. Check out more of our work at https://einstein.ai/research Method
Static Free Space Detection with Laser Scanner using Occupancy Grid Maps

Drivable free space information is vital for autonomous vehicles that have to plan evasive maneu vers in realtime. In this paper, we present a new efficient met hod for environmental free space detection with laser scann er based on 2D occupancy grid maps (OGM) to be used for Advance d Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Collision Avo idance Systems (CAS). Firstly, we introduce an enhanced in verse sensor model tailored for high-resolution laser scanners f or building OGM. It compensates the unreflected beams and deals with the ray casting to grid cells accuracy and computationa l effort problems. Secondly, we introduce the ‘vehicle on a circle for grid maps’ map alignment algorithm that allows building more accurate local maps by avoiding the computationally expensive inaccurate operations of image sub-pixel shifting a nd rotation. The resulted grid map is more convenient for ADAS f eatures than existing methods, as it allows using less memo ry sizes, and hence, results into a better real-time performance. Thirdly, we present an algorithm to detect what we call the ‘in-sight edges’. These edges guarantee modeling the free space area with a single polygon of a fixed number of vertices regardless th e driving situation and map complexity. The results from real world experiments show the effectiveness of our approach. Keywords— Occupancy Grid Map; Static Free Space Detection; Advanced Driving Assistance Systems; las er canner; autonomous driving
Globally accessible machine automation using Raspberry pi based on Internet of Things

In the present world, there are many high tech appliances in our homes that make our lives easier. It is necessary to control these appliances remotely. To automate a machine, a secondary brain (another machine) is required to `Think' and control machines to do tasks as per the convenience of the user from long distances. An automation system is proposed for the users to control home electronic appliances with high mobility and security. A set of switches will be controlled by internet with the use of a Raspberry pi micro-controller board. A Raspberry pi micro-controller board obtains user input from a website that is accessed through a user name and password. The customized user friendly website has several buttons to control the appliances. A Raspberry pi will be located in a room and will be connected to all electronic appliances in the home with the help of electromagnetic relays. The Raspberry pi can be controlled from any distant place with the help of weaved cloud service. Webiopi framework gives us a platform to interact with Raspberry pi's General Purpose Input Output pins. The Raspberry pi then either passes or stops current through an electromagnetic relay connected to the intended switch and this closes/opens the circuit allowing the appliance to run or get switched off. Thus globally accessible automation of electronic appliances can be made possible with the use of a Raspberry Pi micro-controller board, an internet connection and relay switches in a user friendly way.
A behavioral-educational intervention to promote maternal and infant sleep: a pilot randomized, controlled trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
Maternal and infant sleep are significant health concerns for postpartum families. The results of previously published studies have indicated that behavioral-educational strategies promote infant sleep, but these reports relied on parental report and did not include maternal sleep. This pilot study of a maternal-infant sleep intervention evaluated feasibility, acceptability, and effects on sleep and other outcomes in the early postpartum period.


DESIGN
Randomized controlled trial with concealed-group allocation.


SETTING
Hospital postpartum unit with home follow-up.


PARTICIPANTS
First-time mothers and their infants randomly assigned to sleep intervention (n = 15) or control group (n = 15).


INTERVENTIONS
The sleep intervention included a 45-minute meeting with a nurse to discuss sleep information and strategies, an 11-page booklet, and weekly phone contact to reinforce information and problem solve. The control group received a 10-minute meeting during which only maternal sleep hygiene and basic information about infant sleep were discussed, a 1-page pamphlet, and calls at weeks 3 and 5 to maintain contact without provision of advice.


MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS
Questionnaires were completed at baseline and 6 weeks; sleep diaries and mother and infant actigraphy were completed at 6 weeks. The mothers in the sleep intervention group averaged 57 minutes more nighttime sleep, and fewer rated their sleep as a problem, as compared with the mothers in the control group. Infants in the sleep intervention group had fewer nighttime awakenings and had maximum lengths of nighttime sleep that were, on average, 46 minutes longer than those in the control group.


CONCLUSIONS
A behavioral-educational intervention with first-time mothers in the early postpartum period promotes maternal and infant sleep. Further evaluation of the intervention in a larger, more diverse sample is needed.