LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Association of Gestational Weight Gain With Maternal and Infant Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance
Body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain are increasing globally. In 2009, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) provided specific recommendations regarding the ideal gestational weight gain. However, the association between gestational weight gain consistent with theIOM guidelines and pregnancy outcomes is unclear.


Objective
To perform a systematic review, meta-analysis, and metaregression to evaluate associations between gestational weight gain above or below the IOM guidelines (gain of 12.5-18 kg for underweight women [BMI <18.5]; 11.5-16 kg for normal-weight women [BMI 18.5-24.9]; 7-11 kg for overweight women [BMI 25-29.9]; and 5-9 kg for obese women [BMI ≥30]) and maternal and infant outcomes.


Data Sources and Study Selection
Search of EMBASE, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, MEDLINE, and MEDLINE In-Process between January 1, 1999, and February 7, 2017, for observational studies stratified by prepregnancy BMI category and total gestational weight gain.


Data Extraction and Synthesis
Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Odds ratios (ORs) and absolute risk differences (ARDs) per live birth were calculated using a random-effects model based on a subset of studies with available data.


Main Outcomes and Measures
Primary outcomes were small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth, and large for gestational age (LGA). Secondary outcomes were macrosomia, cesarean delivery, and gestational diabetes mellitus.


Results
Of 5354 identified studies, 23 (n = 1 309 136 women) met inclusion criteria. Gestational weight gain was below or above guidelines in 23% and 47% of pregnancies, respectively. Gestational weight gain below the recommendations was associated with higher risk of SGA (OR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.44-1.64]; ARD, 5% [95% CI, 4%-6%]) and preterm birth (OR, 1.70 [1.32-2.20]; ARD, 5% [3%-8%]) and lower risk of LGA (OR, 0.59 [0.55-0.64]; ARD, -2% [-10% to -6%]) and macrosomia (OR, 0.60 [0.52-0.68]; ARD, -2% [-3% to -1%]); cesarean delivery showed no significant difference (OR, 0.98 [0.96-1.02]; ARD, 0% [-2% to 1%]). Gestational weight gain above the recommendations was associated with lower risk of SGA (OR, 0.66 [0.63-0.69]; ARD, -3%; [-4% to -2%]) and preterm birth (OR, 0.77 [0.69-0.86]; ARD, -2% [-2% to -1%]) and higher risk of LGA (OR, 1.85 [1.76-1.95]; ARD, 4% [2%-5%]), macrosomia (OR, 1.95 [1.79-2.11]; ARD, 6% [4%-9%]), and cesarean delivery (OR, 1.30 [1.25-1.35]; ARD, 4% [3%-6%]). Gestational diabetes mellitus could not be evaluated because of the nature of available data.


Conclusions and Relevance
In this systematic review and meta-analysis of more than 1 million pregnant women, 47% had gestational weight gain greater than IOM recommendations and 23% had gestational weight gain less than IOM recommendations. Gestational weight gain greater than or less than guideline recommendations, compared with weight gain within recommended levels, was associated with higher risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes.
Age-specific mortality patterns in HIV-infected individuals: a comparative analysis of African community study data.

OBJECTIVES
Describe age-specific mortality patterns of HIV-infected adults in African communities before introduction of HAART.


METHODS
Mortality data (deaths and person-years observed) for HIV-positive subjects aged 15-65 from six African community studies in five different countries were pooled, combining information from 1793 seroconverters and 8534 HIV positive when first tested. Age-specific mortality hazards were modelled using parametric regression based on the Weibull distribution, to investigate effects of sex, and site-specific measures of mean age at incidence, crude mortality rate of uninfected, and measures of epidemic maturity.


RESULTS
The combined studies yielded a total of 31 777 person-years of observation for HIV-positive subjects, during which time 2602 deaths were recorded. Mortality rates rose almost linearly with age, from below 50/1000 at ages < 20 years, up to 150/1000 at 50 years +. There was no significant difference between men and women in level or age pattern of mortality. Weibull regression analysis suggested that intersite variation could be explained by HIV prevalence trend, and by the ratio of HIV proportional mortality to current HIV prevalence. A model representation was constructed with a common age pattern of mortality, but allowing the level to be adjusted by specifying HIV prevalence indicators.


CONCLUSION
The linear age trend of mortality in HIV-infected populations was satisfactorily represented by a Weibull function providing a parametric model adaptable for representing different levels of HIV-related mortality. This model might be simpler to use in demographic projections of HIV-affected populations than models based on survival post-infection.
High Performance Convolutional Neural Networks for Document Processing

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are well known for producing state-of-the-art recognizers for document processing [1]. However, they can be difficult to implement and are usually slower than traditional multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs). We present three novel approaches to speeding up CNNs: a) unrolling convolution, b) using BLAS (basic linear algebra subroutines), and c) using GPUs (graphic processing units). Unrolled convolution converts the processing in each convolutional layer (both forward-propagation and back-propagation) into a matrix-matrix product. The matrix-matrix product representation of CNNs makes their implementation as easy as MLPs. BLAS is used to efficiently compute matrix products on the CPU. We also present a pixel shader based GPU implementation of CNNs. Results on character recognition problems indicate that unrolled convolution with BLAS produces a dramatic 2.4X−3.0X speedup. The GPU implementation is even faster and produces a 3.1X−4.1X speedup.
Occupational therapy and the use of music tempo in the treatment of the mental health care user with psychosis

INTRODUCTION Occupational therapy intervention with the client with psychosis poses a challenge to the occupational therapist and often requires both expert knowledge and an intervention strategy1. The mental health care user (MHCU) with psychosis is often treated by occupational therapists in psychiatric institutions, the location of this study. Social anxiety, attentional difficulties, impaired information processing with regard to memory and thought processes, lack of motivation (avolition), low energy and willingness to participate (anergia) and the inability to find pleasure in activities (anhedonia) are some of the symptoms that have a major impact on the occupational performance components (OPCs) of the MHCUs2. These factors also influence the occupational performance areas (OPAs) of the MHCU, like self-care and interpersonal relationships3. This is of great concern to the occupational therapist as these symptoms directly affect the reaching of occupational therapy goals. The MHCU struggles to engage in the treatment activity in such a way that all focus is limited to the stimulus at hand, thus not reaching a state of flow during the treatment session4. Furthermore, the occupational therapist is concerned about the client who is in danger of occupational deprivation where the symptoms of the psychosis keep the MHCU from using current skills and acquiring new skills in an effective way, as well as preventing the MHCU from enjoying life and activities at this stage of their illness2. In short, psychosis is a debilitating state of being that can include unwelcome additions or subtractions to life experiences2. The literature suggests that music could relieve the symptoms of psychosis5,6 and is already being used by music therapists to treat MHCUs with psychosis7. The question was raised: Could occupational therapists use this modality to treat MHCUs in an effective manner? Very limited literature exists on the use of music in occupational therapy with the treatment of patients with psychosis, setting the stage for research Occupational therapy and the use of music tempo in the treatment of the mental health care user with psychosis
Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Encoding and Transport

Status of this Memo This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. This document defines an Experimental protocol for the Internet community. The IESG expects that a revised version of this protocol will be published as Proposed Standard protocol. The Proposed Standard, when published, is expected to change from the protocol defined in this memo. In particular, it is expected that the standards-track version of the protocol will incorporate strong authentication and privacy features, and that an "ipp:" URL type will be defined which supports those security measures. Other changes to the protocol are also possible. Implementors are warned that future versions of this protocol may not interoperate with the version of IPP defined in this document, or if they do interoperate, that some protocol features may not be available. The IESG encourages experimentation with this protocol, especially in combination with Transport Layer Security (TLS) [RFC 2246], to help determine how TLS may effectively be used as a security layer for IPP. Abstract This document is one of a set of documents, which together describe all aspects of a new Internet Printing Protocol (IPP). IPP is an application level protocol that can be used for distributed printing using Internet tools and technologies. This document defines the rules for encoding IPP operations and IPP attributes into a new Internet mime media type called "application/ipp". This document also defines the rules for transporting over HTTP a message body whose Content-Type is "application/ipp". The document, "Design Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol", takes a broad look at distributed printing functionality, and it enumerates real-life scenarios that help to clarify the features that need to be included in a printing protocol for the Internet. It identifies requirements for three types of users: end users, operators, and administrators. It calls out a subset of end user requirements that are satisfied in IPP/1.0. Operator and administrator requirements are out of scope for version 1.0. The document, "Rationale for the Structure and Model and Protocol for the Internet Printing Protocol", describes IPP from a high level view, defines a roadmap for the various documents that form the suite of IPP specifications, and gives background and rationale for the IETF working group's major decisions. The document, "Internet Printing Protocol/1.0: Model and Semantics", describes …
Real-coded Genetic Algorithms with Simulated Binary Crossover: Studies on Multimodal and Multiobjective Problems

Real-coded genet ic algorit hms (GAs) do not use any coding of the problem variab les, instead they work dir ectly with the variab les . The main difference in the implementation of real-coded GAs and binary-coded GAs is in their recombination op erators. Alt ho ugh a number of real-cod ed crossover implementations were suggested, most of them were developed wit h intuition and wit hout much analysis. Recen tly, a real-cod ed crossover operator has been developed based on the search characteristics of t he single-point crossover operator used in binary-coded GAs. T his simulated binary crossover (SBX) operator has been found to work well in many test problems having continuous search space when compared to exis t ing real-coded crossover implementations. In this paper the performan ce of the real-cod ed GA with SBX in solving mult imodal and multiob jective problems is further investigated . Sharing function approach and nond ominated sort ing implementati ons are includ ed in the real-coded GA with SBX to solve mult imodal and mult iobjective problems, resp ecti vely. It is observed that the real-coded GAs perform equally well or bet ter than binarycoded GAs in solving a nu mber of test problems . One advant age of the SBX operator is that it can restri ct childr en solut ions to any arb it rary closeness to the parent solutions , t hereby not requi rin g any separate mating restrict ion scheme for bet ter performance. F inally, rea l-coded GAs with SBX have been successfully used to find mu lt iple P aretooptimal solut ions in solving a welded beam design pr oblem . These simulation results ar e encour aging and suggest the applica t ion of realcod ed GAs with SBX operator to rea l-world optimization problems at large. *Electronic mail address: debClliitk. ernet. in. 432 K alyanmoy Deb and Amarendra Kumar
Prediction of gait outcome with the knee–ankle–foot orthosis with medial hip joint in patients with spinal cord injuries: a study using recursive partitioning analysis

Study design:Retrospective study of the degree of gait independence achieved by persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) using knee–ankle–foot orthosis with a medial single hip joint (MSH-KAFO).Objective:To examine the effects of the neurological level, degree of paresis, age, and inhibitory physical/other factors on the gait with a MSH-KAFO in patients with SCIs.Setting:Three university hospitals and two rehabilitation hospitals in Japan.Methods:The 45 patients (36 men, nine women) examined included 10 with injuries in the cervical cord between C6 and C8 (group C), 20 with injuries in the upper-middle thoracic cord between T4 and T10 (group UT), and 15 with injuries in the lower thoracic-lumbar cord between T12 and L1 (group TL). Mean age was 34.0 years (range 16–68 years). Of these patients, 13 used the Walkabout, four used the gear joint, and 28 used the Primewalk as the medial hip joint. Recursive partitioning, which predicted the final status of gait from the level, degree of paresis, age, and inhibitory factors, was performed, and a decision tree for gait was constructed. Inhibitory factors were spasticity, involuntary spasms or muscle contractions, pain, contracture, weakness of the upper extremities, and decreased motivation to perform gait exercise. The degree of gait independence was rated on the following five-point scale: outdoor independent gait (5 points), indoor independent gait (4 points), indoor supervised gait (3 points), indoor assisted gait (2 points), and gait within parallel bars (1 point). New branches were added to the decision tree for gait based on the clinical experience, thereby constructing a new decision tree.Results:The coincident ratio between the value predicted on the basis of the decision tree of gait and the value actually observed was 53.3%. The coincident ratio between the value predicted on the basis of the modified decision tree of gait and the actually observed value was 68.9%.Conclusion:The results provide valuable information to medical teams that may assist prescription of gait orthoses.
Deep learning of the sectional appearances of 3D CT images for anatomical structure segmentation based on an FCN voting method.

PURPOSE
We propose a single network trained by pixel-to-label deep learning to address the general issue of automatic multiple organ segmentation in three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images. Our method can be described as a voxel-wise multiple-class classification scheme for automatically assigning labels to each pixel/voxel in a 2D/3D CT image.


METHODS
We simplify the segmentation algorithms of anatomical structures (including multiple organs) in a CT image (generally in 3D) to a majority voting scheme over the semantic segmentation of multiple 2D slices drawn from different viewpoints with redundancy. The proposed method inherits the spirit of fully convolutional networks (FCNs) that consist of "convolution" and "deconvolution" layers for 2D semantic image segmentation, and expands the core structure with 3D-2D-3D transformations to adapt to 3D CT image segmentation. All parameters in the proposed network are trained pixel-to-label from a small number of CT cases with human annotations as the ground truth. The proposed network naturally fulfills the requirements of multiple organ segmentations in CT cases of different sizes that cover arbitrary scan regions without any adjustment.


RESULTS
The proposed network was trained and validated using the simultaneous segmentation of 19 anatomical structures in the human torso, including 17 major organs and two special regions (lumen and content inside of stomach). Some of these structures have never been reported in previous research on CT segmentation. A database consisting of 240 (95% for training and 5% for testing) 3D CT scans, together with their manually annotated ground-truth segmentations, was used in our experiments. The results show that the 19 structures of interest were segmented with acceptable accuracy (88.1% and 87.9% voxels in the training and testing datasets, respectively, were labeled correctly) against the ground truth.


CONCLUSIONS
We propose a single network based on pixel-to-label deep learning to address the challenging issue of anatomical structure segmentation in 3D CT cases. The novelty of this work is the policy of deep learning of the different 2D sectional appearances of 3D anatomical structures for CT cases and the majority voting of the 3D segmentation results from multiple crossed 2D sections to achieve availability and reliability with better efficiency, generality, and flexibility than conventional segmentation methods, which must be guided by human expertise.
Modeling cyber-physical systems for automatic verification

In this paper we show how the open standard modeling language Modelica can be effectively used to support model-based design and verification of cyber-physical systems stemming from complex power electronics systems. To this end we present a Modelica model for a Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking system along with model validation results.
“High or low Inferior Mesenteric Artery ligation in Laparoscopic low Anterior Resection: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial” (HIGHLOW trial)

BACKGROUND
The position of arterial ligation during laparoscopic anterior rectal resection with total mesorectal excision can affect genito-urinary function, bowel function, oncological outcomes, and the incidence of anastomotic leakage. Ligation to the inferior mesenteric artery at the origin or preservation of the left colic artery are both widely performed in rectal surgery. The aim of this study is to compare the incidence of genito-urinary dysfunction, anastomotic leak and oncological outcomes in laparoscopic anterior rectal resection with total mesorectal excision with high or low ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in a controlled randomized trial.


METHODS/DESIGN
The HIGHLOW study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial in which patients are randomly assigned to high or low inferior mesenteric artery ligation during laparoscopic anterior rectal resection with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Inclusion criteria are middle or low rectal cancer (0 to 12 cm from the anal verge), an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of I, II, or III, and a body mass index lower than 30. The primary end-point measure is the incidence of post-operative genito-urinary dysfunction. The secondary end-point measure is the incidence of anastomotic leakage in the two groups. A total of 200 patients (100 per arm) will reliably have 84.45 power in estimating a 20% difference in the incidence of genito-urinary dysfunctions. With a group size of 100 patients per arm it is possible to find a significant difference (α = 0.05, β = 0.1555). Allowing for an estimated dropout rate of 5%, the required sample size is 212 patients.


DISCUSSION
The HIGHLOW trial is a randomized multicenter controlled trial that will provide evidence on the merits of the level of arterial ligation during laparoscopic anterior rectal resection with total mesorectal excision in terms of better preserved post-operative genito-urinary function.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02153801 Protocol Registration Receipt 29/5/2014.
Communicating Requirements Using End-User GUI Constructions with Argumentation

Unsuccessful communication is often at the root of inadequate requirements specification [14]. This can lead to requirements that do not capture complete stakeholder expectations. Stakeholders can include managers, software engineers, end-users, clients, etc. End-users provide a rich source of information about a system as they will directly interact with the final system. They also tend to have a solid knowledge of the domain including the tasks being automated. Thus, a major goal early in the software engineering process is gathering meaningful requirements from end-users. Potts, et al. [14] propose inquiry-based requirements analysis. They break the process into three major phases: Requirements Documentation, Requirements Discussion, and Requirements Evaluation. Finkelstein [5] talks about seven difficult areas in requirements engineering. One of those areas is requirements acquisition. Requirements documentation or requirements acquisition is the process of getting an initial set of requirements from stakeholders. Getting this starting base of requirements is a challenge. My topic is to explore using mock end-user graphical interface construction supplemented with textual argumentation as a means of communicating software requirements information to software requirements analysts and providing automated assistance for requirements analysts examining this information.
Ketamine-Induced Modulation of the Thalamo-Cortical Network in Healthy Volunteers As a Model for Schizophrenia

BACKGROUND
Schizophrenia has been associated with disturbances of thalamic functioning. In light of recent evidence suggesting a significant impact of the glutamatergic system on key symptoms of schizophrenia, we assessed whether modulation of the glutamatergic system via blockage of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor might lead to changes of thalamic functional connectivity.


METHODS
Based on the ketamine model of psychosis, we investigated changes in cortico-thalamic functional connectivity by intravenous ketamine challenge during a 55-minute resting-state scan. Thirty healthy volunteers were measured with pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design.


RESULTS
Functional connectivity analysis revealed significant ketamine-specific changes within the thalamus hub network, more precisely, an increase of cortico-thalamic connectivity of the somatosensory and temporal cortex.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that changes of thalamic functioning as described for schizophrenia can be partly mimicked by NMDA-receptor blockage. This adds substantial knowledge about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the profound changes of perception and behavior during the application of NMDA-receptor antagonists.
A Chosen IV Related Key Attack on Grain-128a

Due to the symmetric padding used in the stream cipher Grain v1 and Grain-128, it is possible to find Key-IV pairs that gener­ ate shifted keystreams efficiently. Based on this observation, Lee et al. presented a chosen IV related key attack on Grain v1 and Grain-128 at ACISP 2008. Later, the designers introduced Grain-128a having an asymmetric padding. As a result, the existing idea of chosen IV related key attack does not work on this new design. In this paper, we present a key recovery attack on Grain-128a, in a chosen IV related key setting. · 2 We show that using around γ (γ is a experimentally determined constant and it is sufficient to estimate it as 2) related keys and γ · 2 chosen IVs, it is possible to obtain 32 · γ simple nonlinear equations and solve them to recover the secret key in Grain-128a.