LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Outline of a proposal responding to E.U. and U.S. calls for trustworthy global-scale IdM and CKM designs

In 2007, the E.U. FP6 SecurIST called [31] for trustworthy international identity management (IdM) that was usercentric. In 2009, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) called [28] for trustworthy [70] global-scale IdM and the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) called [13] for new cryptographic key management (CKM) designs. In this paper we outline the core architecture for (apparently) the first globally scalable, post quantum secure, symmetric key based platform for provisioning IdM, key distribution/agreement and inter-enterprise CKM services. Our proposal employs a decentralised trust model that exploits compartmentalisation, redundancy and diversification simultaneously across service provider, software developer, hardware vendor, class of cryptographic primitive, and protocol axis. It employs behavioural analysis techniques and supports the collaborative management of international name spaces, management of client transactions using public identifiers and supports user-centric cross-cutting control mechanisms. Our proposal is suitable for use with commercial off the shelf hardware and is designed to wraparound and protect the output of existing security deployments. The platform addresses the U.S. Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program (NITRD) call [56] to create a digital immune system (multilayered protection, decentralised control, diversity, pattern recognition), the DHS call [28] for combating insider attacks and malware, achieving survivability and availability, and NIST managers’ call for a CKM design supporting billions of users without the use of public key technologies [13]. This proposal has been designed as part of our Trustworthy Resilient Universal Secure Infrastructure Platform project [38].
A NEW TRIPLE-BAND CPW-FED MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR WLAN AND WIMAX APPLICATIONS

A new CPW-fed antenna with triple-band is presented for simultaneously satisfying wireless local area network (WLAN) and world interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The investigated antenna consists of a T-shaped monopole with a trapeziform ground plane and two parasitic elements to generate tripleband. The design methodology is outlined and the overall size is 32× 15× 1 mm3. This antenna was numerically designed using Ansoft HFSS simulation software package. The measured 10 dB bandwidth for return loss is from 2.35 to 2.71 GHz and 3.35 to 3.72 GHz and 4.9 to 6.1 GHz, covering all the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands and 2.5/3.5/5.5GHz WiMAX bands.
EEG abnormalities are associated with increased risk of transplant or poor outcome in children with acute liver failure.

OBJECTIVES
There are limited data on the incidence of seizures and utility of brain imaging and electroencephalogram (EEG) to predict outcome of children with acute liver failure (ALF). We investigated the association between hepatic encephalopathy (HE) scores, abnormal EEG or neuroimaging, and short-term outcome.


METHODS
Single-center retrospective observational study of infants and children with ALF who underwent continuous EEG monitoring and brain imaging within 24 hours of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).


RESULTS
A total of 19 patients with ALF with a mean age of 6.8 ± 1.5 years were evaluated. The majority of cases (74%) were indeterminate. Of the total, 10 patients (53%) survived to discharge without liver transplant (LT), 5 (26%) received LT, and 4 (21%) died without LT. Seizures occurred in only 2 cases (19%). Patients who had an abnormal EEG on admission (n = 7) were significantly more likely to die or require LT (P < 0.05, Fisher exact test). Patients with either an admission HE score ≤ 2, or liver injury unit score <222, combined with a normal or mildly abnormal EEG were more likely to survive without LT. Neuroimaging was normal in the majority of cases (87%) and was not associated with outcome.


CONCLUSIONS
Children with a moderate or severe abnormality of EEG background on admission were significantly more likely to require LT or to die. Children with an HE score ≤ 2, and a normal or only mildly abnormal EEG, were significantly more likely to survive without needing LT. These findings are an initial step toward distinguishing patients with ALF who may recover spontaneously from those who will require LT.
Evaluation of health information systems - problems and challenges

OBJECTIVES
Information technology (IT) is emerging in health care. A rigorous evaluation of this technology is recommended and of high importance for decision makers and users. However, many authors report problems during the evaluation of information technology in health care. In this paper, we discuss some of these problems, and propose possible solutions for these problems.


METHODS
Based on own experience and backed up by a literature review, some important problems during IT evaluation in health care together with their reasons, consequences and possible solutions are presented and structured.


RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
We define three main problem areas-the complexity of the evaluation object, the complexity of an evaluation project, and the motivation for evaluation. Many evaluation problems can be subsumed under those three problem areas. A broadly accepted framework for evaluation of IT in healthcare seems desirable to address those problems. Such a framework should help to formulate relevant questions, to find adequate methods and tools, and to apply them in a sensible way.
Escitalopram for older adults with generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in older adults; however, few data exist to guide clinicians in efficacious and safe treatment. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are efficacious for younger adults with GAD, but benefits and risks may be different in older adults.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the SSRI escitalopram in older adults with GAD.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
A randomized controlled trial in primary care practices and related specialty clinics in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, of 177 participants aged 60 years or older with a principal diagnosis of GAD randomized to receive either escitalopram or placebo and conducted between January 2005 and January 2008.


INTERVENTIONS
Twelve weeks of 10 to 20 mg/d of escitalopram (n = 85) or matching placebo (n = 92).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Cumulative response defined by Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement score of much or very much improved; time to response; and anxiety and role functioning changes measured by the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument activity limitations subscale, and the role-emotional impairment and social function subscales of the Medical Outcome Survey 36-item Short Form.


RESULTS
In the primary analytic strategy in which participants (n = 33) were censored at the time of dropout, mean cumulative response rate for escitalopram was 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58%-80%) vs 51% (95% CI, 40%-62%) for placebo (P = .03). A conservative intention-to-treat analysis showed no difference in mean cumulative response rate between escitalopram and placebo (57%; 95% CI, 46%-67%; vs 45%; 95% CI, 35%-55%; P = .11). Participants treated with escitalopram showed greater improvement than with placebo in anxiety symptoms and role functioning (Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale: effect size, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.50-1.36; P < .001; Penn State Worry Questionnaire: 0.30; 95% CI, 0.23-0.48; P = .01; activity limitations: 0.32; 95% CI, 0.01-0.63; P = .04; and the role-emotional impairment and social function: 0.96; 95% CI, 0.03-1.90; P = .04). Adverse effects of escitalopram (P < .05 vs placebo) were fatigue or somnolence (35 patients [41.1%]), sleep disturbance (12 [14.1%]), and urinary symptoms (8 [9.4%]).


CONCLUSIONS
Older adults with GAD randomized to escitalopram had a higher cumulative response rate for improvement vs placebo over 12 weeks; however, response rates were not significantly different using an intention-to-treat analysis. Further study is required to assess efficacy and safety over longer treatment durations.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00105586.
Gaussian Limits for Random Measures in Geometric Probability

We establish Gaussian limits for measures induced by binomial and Poisson point processes in d-dimensional space. The limiting Gaussian field has a covariance functional which depends on the density of the point process. The general central limit theorems are applied to measures induced by random graphs (nearest neighbor, Voronoi, and sphere of influence graph), random sequential packing models (ballistic deposition and spatial birth growth models), and statistics of germ-grain models.
Summarization Evaluation: An Overview

This paper provides an overview of different methods for evaluating automatic summarization systems. The challenges in evaluating summaries are characterized. Both intrinsic and extrinsic approaches are discussed. Methods for assessing informativeness and coherence are described. The advantages and disadvantages of specific methods are assessed, along with criteria for choosing among them. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future directions.
A Projection Pursuit Algorithm for Exploratory Data Analysis

An algorithm for the analysis of multivariate data is presented and is discussed in terms of specific examples. The algorithm seeks to find one-and two-dimensional linear projections of multivariate data that are relatively highly revealing.
The Computational Complexity of Probabilistic Inference Using Bayesian Belief Networks

Bayesian belief networks provide a natural, efficient method for representing probabilistic dependencies among a set of variables. For these reasons, numerous researchers are exploring the use of belief networks as a knowledge representation m artificial intelligence. Algorithms have been developed previously for efficient probabilistic inference using special classes of belief networks. More general classes of belief networks, however, have eluded efforts to develop efficient inference algorithms. We show that probabilistic inference using belief networks is NP-hard. Therefore, it seems unlikely that an exact algorithm can be developed to perform probabilistic inference efficiently over all classes of belief networks. This result suggests that research should be directed away from the search for a general, efficient probabilistic inference algorithm, and toward the design of efficient special-case, average-case, and approximation algorithms.
Stochastic theory of accelerated detectors in a quantum field.

We analyze the statistical mechanical properties of n-detectors in arbitrary states of motion interacting with each other via a quantum field. We use the open system concept and the influence functional method to calculate the influence of quantum fields on detectors in motion, and the mutual influence of detectors via fields. We discuss the difference between self and mutual impedance, advanced and retarded noise, and the relation of noise-correlations and dissipation-propagation. The mutual effects of detectors on each other can be studied from the Langevin equations derived from the influence functional, as it contains the backreaction of the field on the system self-consistently. We show the existence of general fluctuation-dissipation relations, and for trajectories without event horizons, correlation-propagation relations, which succinctly encapsulate these quantum statistical phenomena. These findings serve to clarify some existing confusions on the accelerated detector problem. The general methodology presented here could also serve as a platform to explore the quantum statistical properties of particles and fields, with practical applications in atomic and optical physics problems. e-mail: raval@umdhep.umd.edu e-mail: hu@umdhep.umd.edu e-mail: anglin@tdo-serv.lanl.gov
The Cambridge factfinder

Areas/topics covered: The universe The Earth The environment Natural history Human beings History Human geography Society Religion and mythology Communications Science and technology Arts and culture Knowledge Sports and games. Index.
Inferring semantically related words from software context

Code search is an integral part of software development and program comprehension. The difficulty of code search lies in the inability to guess the exact words used in the code. Therefore, it is crucial for keyword-based code search to expand queries with semantically related words, e.g., synonyms and abbreviations, to increase the search effectiveness. However, it is limited to rely on resources such as English dictionaries and WordNet to obtain semantically related words in software, because many words that are semantically related in software are not semantically related in English. This paper proposes a simple and general technique to automatically infer semantically related words in software by leveraging the context of words in comments and code. We achieve a reasonable accuracy in seven large and popular code bases written in C and Java. Our further evaluation against the state of art shows that our technique can achieve a higher precision and recall.
Aspirin use and risk of type 2 diabetes in apparently healthy men.

BACKGROUND
Epidemiologic data on aspirin use and the risk of diabetes are limited. The Physician's Health Study has accumulated 22 years of follow-up data, including 5 years of randomized data, from 22,071 apparently healthy men.


METHODS AND RESULTS
At baseline and in yearly follow-up questionnaires, participants self-reported a history of diabetes, aspirin use, and various lifestyle factors. To evaluate the association between aspirin use and risk of subsequent diabetes, we used a Cox proportional hazards model with time-varying regression coefficients. During the 22 follow-up years, 1719 cases of diabetes were reported. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of developing diabetes was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77-0.97) for those who self-selected any aspirin. During the 5 years of randomized treatment, 318 cases of diabetes were observed, with a hazard ratio of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.73-1.14) for those randomized to aspirin.


CONCLUSION
Our data suggest a small but not significant decrease in the risk of diabetes during 5 years of randomized comparison of 325 mg of aspirin every other day. This trend was continued during 22 years of follow-up, indicating that self-selection of any use of aspirin is associated with a significant, approximately 14% decrease in the risk of diabetes. Decreased risk of type 2 diabetes may be added to the list of the clinical benefits of aspirin.
Market Efficiency , the Pareto Wealth Distribution , and the Lévy Distribution of Stock Returns

The Pareto (power-law) wealth distribution, which is empirically observed in many countries, implies rather extreme wealth inequality. For instance, in the U.S. the top 1% of the population holds about 40% of the total wealth. What is the source of this inequality? The answer to this question has profound political, social, and philosophical implications. We show that the Pareto wealth distribution is a robust consequence of a fundamental property of the capital investment process: it is a stochastic multiplicative process. Moreover, the Pareto distribution implies that inequality is driven primarily by chance, rather than by differential investment ability. This result is closely related to the concept of market efficiency, and may have direct implications regarding the economic role and social desirability of wealth inequality. We also show that the Pareto wealth distribution may explain the Lévy distribution of stock returns, which has puzzled researchers for many years. Thus, the Pareto wealth distribution, market efficiency, and the Lévy distribution of stock returns are all closely linked.
The EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index: psychometric results of a cross-cultural field study.

BACKGROUND
Survey research including multiple health indicators requires brief indices for use in cross-cultural studies, which have, however, rarely been tested in terms of their psychometric quality. Recently, the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index was developed as an adaptation of the WHOQOL-100 and the WHOQOL-BREF. The aim of the current study was to test the psychometric properties of the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index.


METHODS
In a survey on 4849 European adults, the EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index was assessed across 10 countries, with equal samples adjusted for selected sociodemographic data. Participants were also investigated with a chronic condition checklist, measures on general health perception, mental health, health-care utilization and social support.


RESULTS
Findings indicated good internal consistencies across a range of countries, showing acceptable convergent validity with physical and mental health measures, and the measure discriminates well between individuals that report having a longstanding condition and healthy individuals across all countries. Differential item functioning was less frequently observed in those countries that were geographically and culturally closer to the UK, but acceptable across all countries. A universal one-factor structure with a good fit in structural equation modelling analyses (SEM) was identified with, however, limitations in model fit for specific countires.


CONCLUSIONS
The short EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index showed good cross-cultural field study performance and a satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity, and can therefore be recommended for use in public health research. In future studies the measure should also be tested in multinational clinical studies, particularly in order to test its sensitivity.
Techniques to Teach Communication Strategies.

Second language learners encounter communication problems when they attempt to use the target language. One way to overcome the problems is using effective strategies. Thus, L2 learners can benefit from teaching communication strategies to use them effectively. However, teaching and teachability of CS is a controversial issue. In this paper, it is discussed that teaching CS is useful and feasible and that techniques can be introduced to teach them. It is claimed that the Bottom-Up Approach is the framework within which such techniques can be put to use and create an atmosphere of easy communication and learning.
Highly conductive PEDOT:PSS nanofibrils induced by solution-processed crystallization.

The fabrication of electronic devices based on organic materials, known as ’printed electronics’, is an emerging technology due to its unprecedented advantages involving fl exibility, light weight, and portability, which will ultimately lead to future ubiquitous applications. [ 1 ] The solution processability of semiconducting and metallic polymers enables the cost-effective fabrication of optoelectronic devices via high-throughput printing techniques. [ 2 ] These techniques require high-performance fl exible and transparent electrodes (FTEs) fabricated on plastic substrates, but currently, they depend on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated on plastic substrates. However, its intrinsic mechanical brittleness and inferior physical properties arising from lowtemperature ( T ) processing below the melting T of the plastic substrates (i.e., typically below 150 °C) have increased the demand for alternative FTE materials. [ 3 ]
Comparison among five evolutionary-based optimization algorithms

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are stochastic search methods that mimic the natural biological evolution and/or the social behavior of species. Such algorithms have been developed to arrive at near-optimum solutions to large-scale optimization problems, for which traditional mathematical techniques may fail. This paper compares the formulation and results of five recent evolutionary-based algorithms: genetic algorithms, memetic algorithms, particle swarm, ant-colony systems, and shuffled frog leaping. A brief description of each algorithm is presented along with a pseudocode to facilitate the implementation and use of such algorithms by researchers and practitioners. Benchmark comparisons among the algorithms are presented for both continuous and discrete optimization problems, in terms of processing time, convergence speed, and quality of the results. Based on this comparative analysis, the performance of EAs is discussed along with some guidelines for determining the best operators for each algorithm. The study presents sophisticated ideas in a simplified form that should be beneficial to both practitioners and researchers involved in solving optimization problems. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Accurate Centerline Detection and Line Width Estimation of Thick Lines Using the Radon Transform

Centerline detection and line width estimation are important for many computer vision applications, e.g., road network extraction from high resolution remotely sensed imagery. Radon transform-based linear feature detection has many advantages over other approaches: for example, its robustness in noisy images. However, it usually fails to detect the centerline of a thick line due to the peak selection problem. In this paper, several key issues that affect the centerline detection using the radon transform are investigated. A mean filter is proposed to locate the true peak in the radon image and a profile analysis technique is used to further refine the line parameters. The thetas-boundary problem of the radon transform is also discussed and the erroneous line parameters are corrected. Intensive experiments have shown that the proposed methodology is effective in finding the centerline and estimating the line width of thick lines
Eating Disorders—The Regulation of Positive as well as Negative Emotion Experience

Disordered eating behaviors are often conceptualized as maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. The present study investigated links between emotional experience, schematic belief systems, and psychological themes associated with eating disorders. In contrast to the majority of studies, which focus on just one or two emotions and use nonclinical samples, this study compared the full range of emotional experience in women with eating disorders to a control group. Measures used include the Differential Emotional Scale-IV, Young’s Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire, and Eating Disorder Inventory-2. The study provides the first empirical evidence that women diagnosed with eating disorders report experiencing pleasant as well as unpleasant emotions more frequently than do controls. A surprising finding was that pleasant emotions (joy, interest, surprise) correlated with eating disorder themes (EDI-2 subscales) more consistently than unpleasant emotions in the eating disorder group, while the reverse was true of the control group. Also of note, eating-disordered women reported significantly less anger and similar levels of fear vs. controls. While eating-disordered women scored more highly than do controls on all maladaptive schema (suggesting high levels of distress in women with eating disorders), the pattern of correlations between schema and emotion experience was distinctly different for each group and counterintuitive for the eating disorder group. In particular, pleasant emotion was highly correlated with maladaptive schema in the eating-disordered group but not in the control group. These marked group differences in the pattern of relationships between emotion experience, eating disorder themes, and belief systems suggest that it is not valid to draw conclusions about eating disorders from research that employs only nonclinical samples. The authors discuss these findings, and suggest that women with eating disorders are proficient at using disordered eating behaviors to manipulate their experience of both positive and negative emotional states, and that this dynamic should be recognized as an important maintenance factor.