LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Post-natal corticosteroid use

Corticosteroids given systemically in the first 2 weeks after birth may reduce chronic lung disease (CLD) and mortality, but there are concerns regarding the long-term adverse effects which may have influenced prescribing habits. The aim of this study was to determine whether corticosteroids were still prescribed and, if so, was there a consensus regarding the most appropriate regimen to use. Consultant paediatricians at all 223 neonatal units in the United Kingdom were sent a questionnaire asking which route, timing, dosage and indications they used when administering corticosteroids. There was a 72% response rate to the survey. Of those who responded, 33% never prescribed steroids and 3.75% gave inhaled steroids only. Corticosteroids were not prescribed in the 1st week after birth, 21.1% of respondents commenced administration in the 2nd week and 33.3% only outside the neonatal period. A total of 48% prescribed a daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg per day, 33% gave lower doses, with 7.9% prescribing 0.1 mg/kg per day or less. The majority (77%) prescribed corticosteroids only to ventilator-dependent infants, others also gave corticosteroids to chronically continuous positive airway pressure- or oxygen-dependent infants. Conclusion: there are wide variations in corticosteroid usage. This emphasises the need to identify if there is a corticosteroid dosage regimen with a positive risk/benefit ratio.
Rate of new-onset diabetes among patients treated with atypical or conventional antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia.

CONTEXT
Understanding the association between use of antipsychotics and onset of diabetes.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the rates of new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) between patients treated for schizophrenia with atypical or conventional antipsychotics.


DESIGN
Retrospective analysis of medical and pharmacy claims data.


SETTING
61 US health plans.


PATIENTS
Patients with schizophrenia who were treated with atypical or conventional antipsychotics between September 1996 and June 2001 and were enrolled for 12 or more months before and 3 or more months after therapy initiation.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
New-onset DM was defined based on 2 or more claims with a diabetes diagnosis or initiation of antidiabetic therapy during follow-up. Rates of DM were compared between patients receiving atypical and conventional antipsychotics, and among 4 subgroups of patients receiving atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, clozapine, risperidone, quetiapine). Statistical analyses employed logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models.


RESULTS
Patients treated with atypical antipsychotics (N = 1826) were younger, had a lower rate of diagnosed hypertension, and longer duration of therapy than those receiving conventional antipsychotics (N = 617). The crude incidence of DM did not differ (2.46% vs 2.76% for atypical antipsychotics and conventional antipsychotics, P =.525). In Cox proportional hazards models, patients treated with atypical antipsychotics had a statistically significant, moderately increased risk of DM relative to conventional antipsychotics (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06, 1.30); no significant differences in risk were observed when atypical antipsychotic cohorts were compared. In logistic regression models, no significant differences in DM risk were observed.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotics had a moderately increased risk of DM relative to those treated with conventional antipsychotics, as measured by Cox proportional hazards models; such risk was not significantly different among patients treated with individual atypical medications.
Effect of Pharmacological Treatment of Depression on A1C and Quality of Life in Low-Income Hispanics and African Americans With Diabetes

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether pharmacological treatment of depression in low-income minorities with diabetes improves A1C and quality of life (QOL).


RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were screened for depression using Whooley's two-question tool at a county diabetes clinic. Depression was confirmed (or not) with the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Survey (CDIS) software program, and the severity of depression was assessed monthly by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D). Depressed subjects with A1C levels >or=8.0% were randomly assigned to receive either sertraline or placebo. Diabetes care was provided by nurses following detailed treatment algorithms who were unaware of therapy for depression.


RESULTS
A total of 150 subjects answered positively to at least one question on Whooley's questionnaire. The positive predictive value for depression diagnosed by CDIS was 69, 67, and 84% for positive answers to question 1 only, question 2 only, or both, respectively. Of the 89 subjects who entered the study, 75 completed. An intention-to-treat analysis revealed significant differences between baseline and 6 months in HAM-D and pain scores, QOL, and A1C and systolic blood pressure levels in both groups, with no differences between groups for the first three but a significantly greater decrease with sertraline in A1C and systolic blood pressure levels. Changes in HAM-D scores and A1C levels were significantly correlated in all subjects (P = 0.45 [P < 10(-6)]).


CONCLUSIONS
In this low-income minority population, pharmacological treatment of depression significantly improved A1C and systolic blood pressure levels compared with placebo.
Climate Change Research Grants

EPA’s Science to Achieve Results, or STAR, program supports Climate Change research through research grants in three broad areas
3DMV: Joint 3D-Multi-view Prediction for 3D Semantic Scene Segmentation

We present 3DMV, a novel method for 3D semantic scene segmentation of RGB-D scans in indoor environments using a joint 3Dmulti-view prediction network. In contrast to existing methods that either use geometry or RGB data as input for this task, we combine both data modalities in a joint, end-to-end network architecture. Rather than simply projecting color data into a volumetric grid and operating solely in 3D – which would result in insufficient detail – we first extract feature maps from associated RGB images. These features are then mapped into the volumetric feature grid of a 3D network using a differentiable backprojection layer. Since our target is 3D scanning scenarios with possibly many frames, we use a multi-view pooling approach in order to handle a varying number of RGB input views. This learned combination of RGB and geometric features with our joint 2D-3D architecture achieves significantly better results than existing baselines. For instance, our final result on the ScanNet 3D segmentation benchmark increases from 52.8% to 75% accuracy compared to existing volumetric architectures. https://github.com/angeladai/3DMV 2 A. Dai and M. Nießner
Time-dependent land uplift and subsidence in the Santa Clara valley , California , from a large interferometric synthetic aperture radar data set

[1] We invert 115 differential interferograms derived from 47 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) scenes for a time-dependent deformation signal in the Santa Clara valley, California. The time-dependent deformation is calculated by performing a linear inversion that solves for the incremental range change between SAR scene acquisitions. A nonlinear range change signal is extracted from the ERS InSAR data without imposing a model of the expected deformation. In the Santa Clara valley, cumulative land uplift is observed during the period from 1992 to 2000 with a maximum uplift of 41 ± 18 mm centered north of Sunnyvale. Uplift is also observed east of San Jose. Seasonal uplift and subsidence dominate west of the Silver Creek fault near San Jose with a maximum peak-to-trough amplitude of 35 mm. The pattern of seasonal versus long-term uplift provides constraints on the spatial and temporal characteristics of water-bearing units within the aquifer. The Silver Creek fault partitions the uplift behavior of the basin, suggesting that it acts as a hydrologic barrier to groundwater flow. While no tectonic creep is observed along the fault, the development of a low-permeability barrier that bisects the alluvium suggests that the fault has been active since the deposition of Quaternary units.
Functional Equations Involving Fuzzy Implications and Their Applications in Approximate Reasoning

Research on fuzzy implications, where the truth values belong to the unit interval [0,1], are carried out from the beginning of fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic. In recent years, investigations has been deepened,which resulted in publishing some surveys [6] and two research monographs [1, 3] entirely devoted to this class of fuzzy connectives.
Customer Lifetime Value Measurement

T measurement of customer lifetime value is important because it is used as a metric in evaluating decisions in the context of customer relationship management. For a firm, it is important to form some expectations as to the lifetime value of each customer at the time a customer starts doing business with the firm, and at each purchase by the customer. In this paper, we use a hierarchical Bayes approach to estimate the lifetime value of each customer at each purchase occasion by jointly modeling the purchase timing, purchase amount, and risk of defection from the firm for each customer. The data come from a membership-based direct marketing company where the times of each customer joining the membership and terminating it are known once these events happen. In addition, there is an uncertain relationship between customer lifetime and purchase behavior. Therefore, longer customer lifetime does not necessarily imply higher customer lifetime value. We compare the performance of our model with other models on a separate validation data set. The models compared are the extended NBD–Pareto model, the recency, frequency, and monetary value model, two models nested in our proposed model, and a heuristic model that takes the average customer lifetime, the average interpurchase time, and the average dollar purchase amount observed in our estimation sample and uses them to predict the present value of future customer revenues at each purchase occasion in our hold-out sample. The results show that our model performs better than all the other models compared both at predicting customer lifetime value and in targeting valuable customers. The results also show that longer interpurchase times are associated with larger purchase amounts and a greater risk of leaving the firm. Both male and female customers seem to have similar interpurchase time intervals and risk of leaving; however, female customers spend less compared with male customers.
Development and physicochemical characterization of alginate composite film loaded with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing.

Previously, studies have demonstrated that topical application of simvastatin can promote wound healing in diabetic mice via augmentation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. This study aimed to formulate and characterize simvastatin in alginate-based composite film wound dressings. Biopolymers used for composite films were sodium alginate blended with pectin or gelatin. The films were prepared and characterized based on their physical properties, surface morphology, mechanical strength and rheology. Then, in vitro drug releases from the films were investigated and, finally, the cell viability assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity profile. From the pre-formulation studies, alginate/pectin composite film showed to possess desirable wound dressing properties and superior mechanical properties. The in vitro drug release profile revealed that alginate/pectin film produced a controlled release drug profile, and cell viability assay showed that the film was non-toxic. In summary, alginate/pectin composite film is suitable to be formulated with simvastatin as a potential wound dressing.
Care of the patient with enteral tube feeding: an evidence-based practice protocol.

BACKGROUND
Care of patients with enteral feeding tubes often is based on tradition and textbook guidance rather than best evidence. Care practices can vary widely both between and within institutions, and this was the case at a northeastern military medical center that served as the site for this evidence-based protocol development and implementation project.


OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to describe the development and implementation of an evidence-based clinical protocol for care of patients with enteral feeding tubes.


METHODS
This was an evidence-based implementation project with pretest-posttest measures. Protocol data collection occurred both before and after implementation of the protocol. Data collection tools were based on the literature review and included three domains: (a) documentation of patient procedures, (b) nursing knowledge of each of the specific procedures, and (c) environment of care. Descriptive statistics and data were analyzed using independent samples t tests.


RESULTS
Overall staff knowledge of enteral feedings and methods used to unclog both large- and small-bore feeding tubes differed significantly before and after implementation (p < .05). Staff knowledge regarding the danger of using blue dye in feeding solution was significant (p < .001). There was improvement also in administration of medications separately rather than mixed together and in head of bed elevation of patients with feeding tubes. There was a 10% improvement in documentation of patient family education and a 15% improvement in recording fluid flushes during medication administration. After implementation, environment of care data collection showed 100% of patients with head of bed elevated and with functioning suction available, an improvement over levels before implementation.


DISCUSSION
Care must be taken in the interpretation of these findings because it was generally not the same nurses who answered both surveys. High staff turnover within this military hospital also affected sustainment of the protocol implementation. Maintenance activities must be constant and visible within the organization. A champion for evidence-based practice greatly enhances uptake and maintenance of nursing practice change.
Economic contextual factors, food consumption, and obesity among U.S. adolescents.

Adolescents have poor dietary behaviors and high overweight prevalence. Economic contextual factors such as food prices and food store and restaurant availability are hypothesized and increasingly being explored empirically as contributors to the obesity epidemic. Evidence showed that healthful compared with less healthful foods increasingly cost more and that fast food restaurants are increasingly available. In addition, racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities have been documented in access to food outlets, particularly chain supermarkets, and such disparities have been shown to be increasing recently. Empirical evidence based on nationally representative U.S. adolescent data revealed that lower fruit and vegetable prices, higher fast food prices, and greater supermarket availability were related to higher fruit and vegetable consumption and lower BMI, in particular for BMI among teens who are overweight or at risk for overweight and who are low- to middle-socioeconomic status. The availability of fast food restaurants was not associated with youth BMI. Overall, this research implies that pricing interventions of taxes on energy-dense foods such as fast food and/or subsidies to healthful foods such as fruits and vegetables and policy efforts to improve access to supermarkets may help to improve adolescent weight outcomes.
A Novel, Very Low Profile Dual Band Inverted 'E' Monopole Antenna for Wireless Applications in the Laptop Computer

A novel, very low profile and ultra-thin inverted 'E' shaped monopole antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications in the laptop computer is presented. The thickness of the antenna is only 0.2mm and is designed using only a pure copper strip of size 20 6mm . The innovation of the design is miniaturized size and wider impedance bandwidth in dual band operation using two monopole radiating strips namely RS (inverted J) and PQ(inverted Z) along with open ended vertical tuning stub of size 4.5x1mm2. The measured impedance bandwidth spanned as 11.24%(2.35-2.63)GHz in a lower band (F ) and 18.78% (4.92-5.94)GHz in the upper band (F ) for VSWR<2 and covers 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN and 5.5 GHz WiMAX bands. The presented antenna has proved excellent radiation performance, including nearly omnidirectional patterns, a stable gain of around 4dBi and an excellent efficiency of around 90% in F and F bands. This confirms the applicability for WLAN/WiMAX applications in the prominent ultra-thin laptop computers. keywords: Inverted 'E' shaped monopole antenna, system ground, ultra-thin, WLAN, WiMAX. Classification: Microwave and millimeter wave devices, circuits, and hardware
The effect of antireflux treatment on patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease undergoing a mental arithmetic stressor.

BACKGROUND
Acute stress exacerbates heartburn in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients by enhancing the perceptual responses to intraesophageal acid. The aim of the study was to determine if antireflux treatment can still alter stimulus response functions to acid in patients undergoing acute stress as compared with placebo.


METHODS
Symptomatic GERD patients with erosive esophagitis (EE) or an abnormal pH test were included. Patients underwent stimulus response functions to intraesophageal acid perfusion using the mental arithmetic stressor test. Thereafter, patients were randomized (2 : 1 ratio) to either esomeprazole 40 mg once daily or placebo for 8 weeks. On the last day of treatment, subjects underwent stimulus response functions to intraesophageal acid perfusion using a similar stressor as baseline.


KEY RESULTS
A total of 31 patients were randomized into the treatment arm (mean age 48.6 ± 2.8, M/F 21/10) and 16 into the placebo arm (mean age 52.3 ± 4.3, M/F 12/4). In the esomeprazole group, there was a significant increase in lag time to symptom perception (P = 0.02) and decreased in intensity rating (P = 0.01) as well as acid perfusion sensitivity score (P = 0.01). There was no significant difference in any of the stimulus response functions to acid in the placebo group between baseline and treatment. Interpersonal sensitivity was the only independent clinical predictor factor for response to antireflux treatment.


CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES
Long-term antireflux treatment with a proton pump inhibitor is effective in reducing esophageal perception responses to acid during acute stress.
Radar Interferometry Detection of Hinge Line Migration on Rutford Ice Stream and Carlson Inlet, Antarctica

Satellite synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) interferometry is e~nployed to map the hinge line, or limit of tidal flexing, of Rutforcl Ice Stream and Carlson Inlet, Antarctica, and detect its migration between 1992 and 1996. l’he hinge line is mapped using a model fit from an elastic beam theory. The rms noise of the model fit is -4-10-111111. l’he hinge line is located with a statistical noise of 30-50 m. Usjng this method, we find no hinge line migration on Rutford Ice Stream between 1992 and 1996. The measurement noise clue to tide, model fitting, and image registration is 50 m. The possibility that Rutforcl Ice Stream may be in stable conditions at present is confirmed by the good agreement beteen a revised estilnatation of its hinge line ice volume flux and its mass accumulation in the interior. On Carlson Inlet, the hinge line retreats 360+50 m in 4 years along a seaward, southern extension of the hinge line, but is stationary elsewhere. Hence, only a small portion of Carlson Inlet exhibits signs of slow thinning at a rate of 18+3 cm/yr.
Advanced Vulnerability Analysis and Intrusion Detection through Predictive Attack Graphs

Network security tools generally lack sufficient context for maintaining a well informed and proactive defense posture. Vulnerabilities are usually assessed in isolation, without considering how they contribute to overall attack risk. Similarly, intrusion alarms are logged as isolated events, with limited correlation capabilities. Security professionals are often overwhelmed by constant threats, complexity of security data, and network growth. Our approach to network defense applies attack graphs for advanced vulnerability analysis and intrusion detection. A ttack graphs map paths of vulnerability, showing how attackers can incrementally penetrate a network. W e can then identify critical vulnerabilities and provide strategies for protection of critical network assets. Because of operational constraints, vulnerability paths may often remain. The residual attack graph then guides optimal intrusion detection and attack response. This includes optimal placement of intrusion detection sensors, correlating intrusion alarms, accounting for missed detections, prioritizing alarms, and predicting next possible attack steps.
Islands in the City: West Indian Migration to New York

This collection of original essays draws on a variety of theoretical perspectives, methodologies, and empirical data to explore the effects of West Indian migration and to develop analytic frameworks to examine it.
TREATMENT OF A YOUNG ADULT PATIENT WITH CLASS II DIVISION 2 MALOCCLUSION BY USING FORSUS FATIGUE RESISTANT DEVICE : 2 YEARS FOLLOW UP

The aim of this case report is to present the treatment and 2 years post-retention follow up of a young adult male patient with Class II division 2 malocclusion by using Forsus appliance as an alternative treatment choice to orthognathic surgery. An 18 year old male patient had Class II division 2 malocclusion with deepbite. Extraoral examination revealed a concave profile with a prominent chin. Upper and lower incisors were retroclined. The treatment was initiated with leveling and alignment by using upper. 016x.016 inch levelling utility arch. Lower incisors were intruded with .016x.022 inch TMA base arch. After 12 months of treatment, bilateral Forsus appliances were placed. Class I canine and molar relationship was achieved and overjet was decreased. Reexamination of the patient 2 years after treatment showed that the occlusion was stable. The Forsus appliance was effective in the treatment of this young adult patient with Class II Division 2 malocclusion and the results were maintained 2 years after the treatment.
Feedback Control of Dynamic Bipedal Robot Locomotion

• Page 67 (Submitted by Hae Won Park): Equation (3.67) should be the following. (Cs(q, q̇))1,2 = − 1 2 mr sin(θ1 − θ2)θ̇2 (Cs(q, q̇))1,3 = MT r` sin(θ1 − θ3)θ̇3 (Cs(q, q̇))2,1 = 1 2 mr sin(θ1 − θ2)θ̇1 (Cs(q, q̇))3,1 = −MT r` sin(θ1 − θ3)θ̇1 • Page 93 (Submitted by Kaveh Akbari Hamed): In item (e), “φ+(t) := limτ↗t φ(τ)” should be “φ−(t) := limτ↗t φ(τ)”. • Page 95 (Submitted by Kaveh Akbari Hamed): On the first line, “X2” should be “X1”. • Page 107 (Submitted by Kaveh Akbari Hamed): The following hypothesis should be added to list of hypotheses for Proposition 4.3:
The diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome

Spontaneous Cushing’s syndrome is well known but unusual clinical disorder. Many of the clinical features (central weight gain, glucose intolerance, hypertension, muscle weakness) are seen in other common conditions. Recognition of patients with multiple features, features unusual for their age (i.e. early onset osteoporosis or hypertension), patients with features more specific to Cushing’s syndrome (i.e. easy bruising, facial plethora, and violaceous striae), and patients with incidental adrenal mass or polycystic ovary syndrome should prompt an evaluation for cortisol excess. Late-night salivary cortisol, 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression testing, or 24 h urine free cortisol determination have excellent diagnostic characteristics and should be obtain in patients with suspected Cushing’ syndrome. If this initial testing is abnormal, further evaluation should be directed by an endocrinologist experienced in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing’ syndrome.