LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Shear Strength of GFRP RC Beams and Slabs

ACI Committee 440 has proposed a new shear design approach for concrete members reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement that accounts for the amount and stiffness of FRP reinforcement. The applicability and limitations for the proposed design approach are not yet fully explored. In addition, the design approach imposes a very conservative strain limit for the FRP stirrups that may results in uneconomical use of the reinforcement. To investigate the proposed equations and their design limitations for shear, four beams reinforced with GFRP stirrups, three beams without stirrups, and six slabs that were designed to fail in shear were tested to failure as simply supported members. Test results indicated that the contribution of concrete to the internal shear resistance is influenced by the amount of the longitudinal reinforcement. The proposed formulae for predicting the shear resistance provided by concrete and GFRP stirrups were found to be overly conservative. Alkhrdaji, T., M.A. Wideman, A. Belarbi, and A. Nanni, "Shear Strength of GFRP RC Beams and Slabs”, Proc., CCC 2001, Composites in Construction, Porto, Portugal, Oct. 10-12, 2001, J Figueiras, L. Juvandes and R. Furia, Eds., pp. 409-414 2 The lower shear strength of FRP reinforced members could be related to a lower dowel resistance of FRP bars, smaller depth of compression block, and less effective aggregate interlock due to wider cracks. However, Eq. (1) is more appropriate for members lightly reinforced with FRP bars (tensioncontrolled failure). GFRP bars are commercially available with modulus Ef that is approximately 20% of the steel modulus. Therefore, when using GFRP bars, the shear strength of the member calculated with Eq. (1) is significantly lower than that for steel RC member with similar geometry. The design of GFRP RC flexural member is usually governed by serviceability requirements and results in a GFRP flexural reinforcement beyond that needed to achieve the desired strength. In this case, the failure is governed by concrete crushing (compression-controlled failure). This results in a larger concrete compression block at failure and smaller, more evenly distributed, cracks compared with a tension-controlled member. Due to this behavior, the internal shear resistance mechanism of the member is improved. Therefore, using Eq. (1) may yield a very conservative estimate of the shear strength of the member. A more rational approach could be achieved by accounting for the influence of the axial stiffness of the reinforcement, AE, on the behavior of the member. Following this approach, Vc,f can be expressed in terms of the ratio of the longitudinal FRP reinforcement ρf and steel reinforcement ρs as follows (ACI 440, 2000):
Elizabeth Laverick

Elizabeth Laverick's 34-year career in avionics and administration is profiled. After studying physics and radio, she worked in industry, gradually moving into management. Laverick has also been active in the IEE and Britain's Women's Engineering Society, and actively works to improve the lot of women in engineering.<<ETX>>
Educational data mining: A survey and a data mining-based analysis of recent works

0957-4174/$ see front matter 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.08.042 ⇑ Address: WOLNM & ESIME Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, U. Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Edificio Z-4, 2do piso, cubiculo 6, Miguel Othón de Mendizábal S/N, La Escalera, Gustavo A. Madero, D.F., C.P. 07320, Mexico. Tel.: +52 55 5694 0916/+52 55 5454 2611 (cellular); fax: +52 55 5694 0916. E-mail address: apenaa@ipn.mx URL: http://www.wolnm.org/apa 1 AIWBES: adaptive and intelligent web-based educational systems; BKT: Bayesian knowledge tracing; CBES: computer-based educational systems; CBIS: computerbased information system,; DM: data mining; DP: dynamic programming; EDM: educational data mining; EM: expectation maximization; HMM: hidden Markov model; IBL: instances-based learning; IRT: item response theory; ITS: intelligent tutoring systems; KDD: knowledge discovery in databases; KT: knowledge tracing; LMS: learning management systems; SNA: social network analysis; SWOT: strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats; WBC: web-based courses; WBES: web-based educational systems. Alejandro Peña-Ayala ⇑
Expressing Emotions with the Social Robot Probo

Probo is a huggable animal-like robot, designed to act as a social interface. It will be used as a platform to study human robot interaction (HRI) while employing human-like social cues and communication modalities. The robot has a fully actuated head, with 20 degrees of freedom, capable of showing facial expressions and making eyecontact. The basic facial expressions are represented as a vector in the 2-dimensional emotion space based on Russel’s circomplex model of affect (Posner et al. in Dev. Psychopathol. 17(03):715–734, 2005). The recognition of the underlying emotions based on the robot’s facial expressions were tested in different user studies and compared with similar robotic projects. This paper describes the concepts of the robot Probo and the ability to express emotional states.
IT resources, organizational capabilities, and value creation in public-sector organizations: a public-value management perspective

What value does information technology (IT) create in governments and how does it do so? While business value of IT has been extensively studied in the information systems field, this has not been the case for public value. This is in part due to a lack of theoretical bases for investigating IT value in the public sector. To address this issue, we present a conceptual model on the mechanism by which IT resources contribute to value creation in the publicsector organizations. We propose that the relationship between IT resources and organizational performance in governments is mediated by organizational capabilities and develop a theoretical model that delineates the paths from IT resources to organizational performance, drawing upon public-value management theory. This theory asserts that public managers, on behalf of the public, should actively strive to generate greater public value, as managers in the private sector seek to achieve greater private business value. On the basis of the review of public-value management literature, we suggest that the following five organizational capabilities mediate the relationship between IT resources and public value – public service delivery capability, public engagement capability, co-production capability, resource-building capability, and public-sector innovation capability. We argue that IT resources in public organizations can enable public managers to advance public-value frontiers by cultivating these five organizational capabilities and to overcome conflicts among competing values. Journal of Information Technology (2014) 29, 187–205. doi:10.1057/jit.2014.2; published online 1 April 2014; corrected online 29 August 2014
Association between heart rate variability and fluctuations in resting-state functional connectivity

Functional connectivity has been observed to fluctuate across the course of a resting state scan, though the origins and functional relevance of this phenomenon remain to be shown. The present study explores the link between endogenous dynamics of functional connectivity and autonomic state in an eyes-closed resting condition. Using a sliding window analysis on resting state fMRI data from 35 young, healthy male subjects, we examined how heart rate variability (HRV) covaries with temporal changes in whole-brain functional connectivity with seed regions previously described to mediate effects of vigilance and arousal (amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; dACC). We identified a set of regions, including brainstem, thalamus, putamen, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, that became more strongly coupled with the dACC and amygdala seeds during states of elevated HRV. Effects differed between high and low frequency components of HRV, suggesting specific contributions of parasympathetic and sympathetic tone on individual connections. Furthermore, dynamics of functional connectivity could be separated from those primarily related to BOLD signal fluctuations. The present results contribute novel information about the neural basis of transient changes of autonomic nervous system states, and suggest physiological and psychological components of the recently observed non-stationarity in resting state functional connectivity.
Overview: Generalizations of Multi-Agent Path Finding to Real-World Scenarios

Multi-agent path finding (MAPF) is well-studied in artificial intelligence, robotics, theoretical computer science and operations research. We discuss issues that arise when generalizing MAPF methods to real-world scenarios and four research directions that address them. We emphasize the importance of addressing these issues as opposed to developing faster methods for the standard formulation of the MAPF problem.
Overview on ESD protection design for mixed-voltage I/O interfaces with high-voltage-tolerant power-rail ESD clamp circuits in low-voltage thin-oxide CMOS technology

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design for mixed-voltage I/O interfaces has been one of the key challenges of system-on-achip (SOC) implementation in nanoscale CMOS processes. The on-chip ESD protection circuit for mixed-voltage I/O interfaces should meet the gate-oxide reliability constraints and prevent the undesired leakage current paths. This paper presents an overview on the design concept and circuit implementations of ESD protection designs for mixed-voltage I/O interfaces with only low-voltage thin-oxide CMOS transistors. Especially, the ESD protection designs for mixed-voltage I/O interfaces with ESD bus and high-voltage-tolerant power-rail ESD clamp circuits are presented and discussed. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
CMOS-MEMS 3-bit Digital Capacitors With Tuning Ratios Greater Than 60:1

3-bit microelectromechanical systems digital capacitors with greater than 60:1 tuning ratios are monolithically integrated with CMOS using a post-CMOS fabrication process. The digital capacitors are composed of many switched capacitors in parallel, which use a combination of vertical (out-of-plane) electrothermal actuation and lateral (in-plane) electrostatic actuation to toggle their capacitance value. Measured results demonstrate quality factors greater than 150 at 1 GHz and electrical self-resonant frequencies beyond 10 GHz. The capacitors can be switched in less than 1 ms with 4 V for electrothermal actuation and 20 V for electrostatic actuation. The effects of repeated actuation are presented to assess the reliability of the digital capacitors.
Systematic assessment of constipation on plain abdominal radiographs in children

Background: Constipation in childhood is common and its clinical assessment is often difficult. Plain abdominal radiography is simple and used to quantify constipation. Three scoring systems, those of Barr et al., Leech et al. and Blethyn et al., have been developed to quantify fecal loading on the abdominal radiograph.Objective: In order to determine which method is the most useful in clinical practice, we assessed the reproducibility of the three scoring systems.Materials and methods: Plain abdominal radiographs from 40 clinically constipated children were retrospectively reviewed by two paediatric radiologists on two separate occasions. The radiographs were scored according to three different systems developed by Barr et al., Leech et al., Blethyn et al. Intraobserver variability and interobserver reproducibility were determined for each system. Kappa coefficients were calculated as indicators of inter- and intraobserver agreement for categorical outcome variables.Results: The Leech score showed the highest reproducibility: the intraobserver agreement was high for both observers (κ values of 0.88 and 1.00, respectively, P<0.05). Furthermore, the interobserver agreement was also high: κ 0.91 in the first round and 0.84 in the second.Conclusions: The Leech score proved to be a highly reproducible tool for assessment of childhood constipation and is of value in clinical practice for systematic assessment of constipation on plain abdominal radiographs in children.
Atlantoaxial Fixation for Basilar Invagination without Obvious Atlantoaxial Instability (Group B Basilar Invagination): Outcome Analysis of 63 Surgically Treated Cases.

BACKGROUND
We discuss the rationale of surgical treatment of group B basilar invagination by atlantoaxial facet joint stabilization and segmental arthrodesis.


METHODS
From January 2010 to April 2016, 63 patients with group B basilar invagination were surgically treated. All patients had varying degree of myelopathy-related functional disability. Fifty-two patients had both Chiari malformation and syringomyelia. All patients were treated by atlantoaxial plate and screw fixation with the techniques described by us in 1994 and 2004. Foramen magnum decompression or syrinx manipulation was not carried out in any patient. Occipital bone and subaxial spinal elements were not included in the fixation construct.


RESULTS
Three patients died in the immediate postoperative phase. In the remaining patients, there was clinical improvement and no patient's neurologic function worsened after surgery. In 12 of 38 patients in whom postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was possible, at a follow-up of at least 3 months, there was reduction in the size of the syrinx.


CONCLUSIONS
The pathogenesis of basilar invagination in group B is related to atlantoaxial instability. The clinical outcome suggests that the surgical treatment in these cases should be directed toward atlantoaxial stabilization and aimed at segmental arthrodesis. Inclusion of the occipital bone in the fixation construct is not necessary. Foramen magnum decompression and procedures involving manipulation of Chiari malformation and syringomyelia are not necessary.
Document Clustering Using K-Means, Heuristic K-Means and Fuzzy C-Means

Document clustering refers to unsupervised classification (categorization) of documents into groups (clusters) in such a way that the documents in a cluster are similar, whereas documents in different clusters are dissimilar. The documents may be web pages, blog posts, news articles, or other text files. This paper presents our experimental work on applying K-means, heuristic K-means and fuzzy C-means algorithms for clustering text documents. We have experimented with different representations (tf, tf.idf & Boolean) and different feature selection schemes (with or without stop word removal & with or without stemming). We ran our implementations on some standard datasets and computed various performance measures for these algorithms. The results indicate that tf.idf representation, and use of stemming obtains better clustering. Moreover, fuzzy clustering produces better results than both K-means and heuristic K-means on almost all datasets, and is a more stable method.
Neogene diatoms of Cuitzeo Lake, central sector of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and their relationship with the volcano-tectonic evolution

Lake Cuitzeo, within the central sector of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, forms part of a series of palaeolakes of tectonic origin, limited by E-W or NE-SW trending major faults. The lake basin itself is subdivided into half-grabens, where the blocks are tilted southward; this tectonic disposition results in a series of sedimentary environments such as terrigenous facies (near step faults) that have an influence on the lake hydrology and, therefore, on sedimentary and biogenic facies associations. In outcrops of palaeolake Cuitzeo, the deposits are formed by three members that correspond to three well marked cycles of sedimentation. The basal, predominantly formed by clays, a diatom-rich intermediate one and an upper one, formed by silts and pyroclastic deposits that close the limnic cycle. Two interruptions are observed within the lacustrine development, the first associated with an oxidized horizon and the second with an erosional conglomerate of tectonic origin. A marker diatom species for the Miocene-Pliocene boundary ( Thalassiosira cuitzeonensis nov. sp. ) was found that enables differentiation of the most ancient sequences from the most recent ones.
Effect of growth hormone on bone status in growth hormone-de fi cient adults

Background: Growth hormone defi ciency (GHD) is associated with reduced bone mineral content and increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. Reduced peak bone mass might explain the low bone mineral density (BMD) among patients with childhood onset GHD (CO-GHD) whilst the cause of osteopenia in adult-onset GHD (AO-GHD) is not fully understood. Objectives: Prospective multicentric study to asses bone status in GHD adults after two years of recombinant growth hormone replacement treatment. Methods: In 94 GHD adults (49 men; Ø 34.5 yrs) we have measured BMD and bone markers (CTX, osteocalcin) during two years of rhGH treatment (at baseline, after 3 and 6 months, and after 1 and 2 years). Patients were adequately substituted for GHD and other pituitary defi ciencies. Results: We have observed an increase in BMD-lumbar spine: n=42, 0.8155 →0.9418 g/cm2, p<0.0001; femoral neck n=41; 0.8468 →0.9031; p= 0.0004; BMD-whole body 1.0179 →1.0774; p=0.0003. We have compared gender difference: BMD-L-spine by 15.8 % in men (n=21) and by 5.6 % in women (n=19) (p= 0.008); BMDfemoral neck increased by 11.03 % in men and by about 3.0 % in women (p=0.032). In women, the initial decrease in BMD was recorded after 3 months. CO-GHD adults yielded a higher increase in BMD -L-spine (16.6 %, p=0.022). A correlation exists between IGF-I levels and BMD in lumbar spine (1st year: R=0.348, p=0.026; 2nd year: R= 0.33, p=0.0081) and between IGF-I and osteocalcin (1st year: R=0.383; p=0.0038). Conclusion: Two-year therapy with recombinant human growth hormone improved bone status. IGF-I appears to be a good indicator of rhGH effect on bone (Tab. 3, Fig. 9, Ref. 36). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.
Software risk assessment for measuring instruments in legal metrology

In Europe, measuring instruments subject to legal control are responsible for an annual turnover of 500 billion Euros and need to pass a conformity assessment with respect to European directives or national legislation before they can be used. Today, measuring instruments are frequently integrated into open networks and even branch into the areas of cloud computing and Internet of Things. Since software is one of the key components of such devices, Germany's national metrology institute, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesantalt, is developing a method to assess the risks and evaluate current threats associated with software. The method uses the structure of and combines elements from the international ISO/IEC standards 27005 and 15408. It could be helpful for conformity assessment bodies and industry alike and supports the comparability of risk assessment results. Despite its focus on legal metrology, the method is applicable to other areas where software risk assessment is required, too.
Alternative educational models for interdisciplinary student teams.

BACKGROUND
Few studies compare instructor-modeled learning with modified debriefing to self-directed learning with facilitated debriefing during team-simulated clinical scenarios.


OBJECTIVE
: To determine whether self-directed learning with facilitated debriefing during team-simulated clinical scenarios (group A) has better outcomes compared with instructor-modeled learning with modified debriefing (group B).


METHODS
This study used a convenience sample of students. The four tools used assessed pre/post knowledge, satisfaction, technical, and team behaviors. Thirteen interdisciplinary student teams participated: seven in group A and six in group B. Student teams consisted of one nurse practitioner student, one registered nurse student, one social work student, and one respiratory therapy student. The Knowledge Assessment Tool was analyzed by student profession.


RESULTS
There were no statistically significant differences within each student profession group on the Knowledge Assessment Tool. Group B was significantly more satisfied than group A (P = 0.01). Group B registered nurses and social worker students were significantly more satisfied than group A (30.0 +/- 0.50 vs. 26.2 +/- 3.0, P = 0.03 and 28.0 +/- 2.0 vs. 24.0 +/- 3.3, P = 0.04, respectively). Group B had significantly better scores than group A on 8 of the 11 components of the Technical Evaluation Tool; group B intervened more quickly. Group B had significantly higher scores on 8 of 10 components of the Behavioral Assessment Tool and overall team scores.


CONCLUSION
The data suggest that instructor-modeling learning with modified debriefing is more effective than self-directed learning with facilitated debriefing during team-simulated clinical scenarios.
Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders.

Autism spectrum disorders are not rare; many primary care pediatricians care for several children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatricians play an important role in early recognition of autism spectrum disorders, because they usually are the first point of contact for parents. Parents are now much more aware of the early signs of autism spectrum disorders because of frequent coverage in the media; if their child demonstrates any of the published signs, they will most likely raise their concerns to their child's pediatrician. It is important that pediatricians be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders and have a strategy for assessing them systematically. Pediatricians also must be aware of local resources that can assist in making a definitive diagnosis of, and in managing, autism spectrum disorders. The pediatrician must be familiar with developmental, educational, and community resources as well as medical subspecialty clinics. This clinical report is 1 of 2 documents that replace the original American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement and technical report published in 2001. This report addresses background information, including definition, history, epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, early signs, neuropathologic aspects, and etiologic possibilities in autism spectrum disorders. In addition, this report provides an algorithm to help the pediatrician develop a strategy for early identification of children with autism spectrum disorders. The accompanying clinical report addresses the management of children with autism spectrum disorders and follows this report on page 1162 [available at www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/120/5/1162]. Both clinical reports are complemented by the toolkit titled "Autism: Caring for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Resource Toolkit for Clinicians," which contains screening and surveillance tools, practical forms, tables, and parent handouts to assist the pediatrician in the identification, evaluation, and management of autism spectrum disorders in children.