LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Research on public opinion based on Big Data

Public opinion is the people's response for social phenomena, issues, hot topics, attitudes, emotions, and so on. It reflects the focus problems of the current time of the society. By analyzing the public opinion, we can infer what will happen in the next time, and give better decision support for governments and businesses. Big Data technology is becoming a powerful data analyzing tools for massive data in recent years. Hadoop is an open source massive data processing platform based on Big Data. Mahout is a data mining algorithms' set based on Hadoop, which is designed for processing large-scale and complex data. In most instances, the public opinion information contains many text messages. For many traditional text mining algorithms, it is almost impossible to handle high dimensional data concerns large-volume and complex data sets. Hence, this paper uses Mahout text mining algorithms to process public opinion information.
Costs of cervical cancer screening and treatment using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and cryotherapy in Ghana: the importance of scale

OBJECTIVES
To estimate the incremental costs of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and cryotherapy at cervical cancer screening facilities in Ghana; to explore determinants of costs through modelling; and to estimate national scale-up and annual programme costs.


METHODS
Resource-use data were collected at four out of six active VIA screening centres, and unit costs were ascertained to estimate the costs per woman of VIA and cryotherapy. Modelling and sensitivity analysis were used to explore the influence of observed differences between screening facilities on estimated costs and to calculate national costs.


RESULTS
Incremental economic costs per woman screened with VIA ranged from 4.93 US$ to 14.75 US$, and costs of cryotherapy were between 47.26 US$ and 84.48 US$ at surveyed facilities. Under base case assumptions, our model estimated the costs of VIA to be 6.12 US$ per woman and those of cryotherapy to be 27.96 US$. Sensitivity analysis showed that the number of women screened per provider and treated per facility was the most important determinants of costs. National annual programme costs were estimated to be between 0.6 and 4.0 million US$ depending on assumed coverage and adopted screening strategy.


CONCLUSION
  When choosing between different cervical cancer prevention strategies, the feasibility of increasing uptake to achieve economies of scale should be a major concern.
Radiation Dose from Computed Tomography in Patients with Necrotizing Pancreatitis: How Much Is Too Much?

Low-dose ionizing radiation from medical imaging has been indirectly linked with subsequent cancer. Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for defining pancreatic necrosis. The primary goal was to identify the frequency and effective radiation dose of CT imaging for patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. All patients with necrotizing pancreatitis (2003–2007) were retrospectively analyzed for CT-related radiation exposure. Necrosis was identified in 18% (238/1290) of patients with acute pancreatitis (mean age = 53 years; hospital/ICU length of stay = 23/7 days; mortality = 9%). A median of five CTs/patient [interquartile range (IQR) = 4] were performed during a median 2.6-month interval. The average effective dose was 40 mSv per patient (equivalent to 2,000 chest X-rays; 13.2 years of background radiation; one out of 250 increased risk of fatal cancer). The actual effective dose was 63 mSv considering various scanner technologies. CTs were infrequently (20%) followed by direct intervention (199 interventional radiology, 118 operative, 12 endoscopic) (median = 1; IQR = 2). Magnetic resonance imaging did not have a CT-sparing effect. Mean direct hospital costs increased linearly with CT number (R = 0.7). The effective radiation dose received by patients with necrotizing pancreatitis is significant. Management changes infrequently follow CT imaging. The ubiquitous use of CT in necrotizing pancreatitis raises substantial public health concerns and mandates a careful reassessment of its utility.
Novel synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Bauhinia variegata: a recent eco-friendly approach for mosquito control

Mosquito vectors are responsible for transmitting diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis. The use of synthetic insecticides to control mosquito vectors has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects, in addition to high operational cost. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles has been proposed as an alternative to traditional control tools. In the present study, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Bauhinia variegata by reduction of Ag+ ions from silver nitrate solution has been investigated. The bioreduced silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Leaf extract and synthesized AgNPs were evaluated against the larvae of Anopheles subpictus, Aedes albopictus, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Compared to aqueous extract, synthesized AgNPs showed higher toxicity against An. subpictus, Ae. albopictus, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus with LC50 and LC90 values of 41.96, 46.16, and 51.92 μg/mL and 82.93, 89.42, and 97.12 μg/mL, respectively. Overall, this study proves that B. variegata is a potential bioresource for stable, reproducible nanoparticle synthesis and may be proposed as an efficient mosquito control agent.
Priorities in emergency obstetric care in Bolivia--maternal mortality and near-miss morbidity in metropolitan La Paz.

OBJECTIVE
To document the frequency and causes of maternal mortality and severe (near-miss) morbidity in metropolitan La Paz, Bolivia.


DESIGN
Facility-based cross-sectional study.


SETTING
Four maternity hospitals in La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia, where free maternal health care is provided through a government-subsidised programme.


POPULATION
All maternal deaths and women with near-miss morbidity.


METHODS
Inclusion of near-miss using clinical and management-based criteria.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Maternal mortality ratio (MMR), severe morbidity ratio (SMR), mortality indices and proportion of near-miss cases at hospital admission.


RESULTS
MMR was 187/100,000 live births and SMR was 50/1000 live births, with a relatively low mortality index of 3.6%. Severe haemorrhage and severe hypertensive disorders were the main causes of near-miss, with 26% of severe haemorrhages occurring in early pregnancy. Sepsis was the most common cause of death. The majority of near-miss cases (74%) were in critical condition at hospital admission and differed from those fulfilling the criteria after admission as to diagnostic categories and socio-demographic variables.


CONCLUSIONS
Pre-hospital barriers remain to be of great importance in a setting of this type, where there is wide availability of free maternal health care. Such barriers, together with haemorrhage in early pregnancy, pre-eclampsia detection and referral patterns, should be priority areas for future research and interventions to improve maternal health. Near-miss upon arrival and near-miss after arrival at hospital should be analysed separately as that provides additional information about factors that contribute to maternal ill-health.
Mutual Information-based multi-label feature selection using interaction information

Multi-label feature selection is regarded as one of the most promising techniques that can be used to maximize the efficacy and efficiency of multi-label classification. However, because multi-label feature selection algorithms must consider multiple labels concurrently, the task is more difficult than singlelabel feature selection tasks. In this paper, we propose the Mutual Information-based multi-label feature selection method using interaction information. This method is naturally able to measure dependencies among multiple variables. To develop an efficient multi-label feature selection method, we derive theoretical bounds for the interaction information. Empirical studies indicate that our proposed multi-label feature selection method discovers effective feature subsets for multi-label classification problems. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of CXCL12 in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm.

BACKGROUND
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDC) is a rare hematologic neoplasm, which almost always involves the skin and shows poor prognosis.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of our study was to enhance BPDC diagnosis and indications for prognosis.


METHODS
This study involved 26 patients with BPDC. To investigate the histogenesis of BPDC, we reviewed the clinical features and stained markers of various hematopoietic lineages, chemokines, and their receptors.


RESULTS
Bone-marrow infiltration was detected in 13 of the 19 cases examined and leukemic changes in 18. Complete remission was achieved in 14 cases, but more than half of the patients showed recurrence within a short time, and 14 patients died of the disease after 1 to 25 months (mean 8.5 months). Positivity for CD123 was detected in 18 of 24 cases and for T-cell leukemia 1 in 18 of 22 cases. Of the chemokines and their receptors, 8 of 15 skin biopsy specimens proved to be positive for CXCL12. Leukemic change subsequent to skin lesions occurred in 7 of 8 CXCL12-positive cases (87.5%) and in 3 of 6 CXCL12-negative cases (50%). Seven of the 8 CXCL12-positive patients (87.5%) and two of the 6 CXCL12-negative patients (33.3%) have died, whereas one of 8 CXCL12-positive patients (12.5%) and 4 of 6 CXCL12-negative patients (66.7%) remain alive.


LIMITATIONS
The number of patients was limited.


CONCLUSIONS
We speculate that the presence of CXCL12-positive cells in the skin may be associated with leukemic change and a poor prognosis.
Studies on mechanism of enhanced dissolution of albendazole solid dispersions with crystalline carriers

The main purpose of this research was to study the mechanism of drug release from solid dispersions of albendazole, giving special emphasis to particle size of the drug in solid dispersions. Solid dispersions were prepared using three different carriers, mixing ratios and methods in an attempt to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of albendazole. The mechanism of enhanced dissolution was investigated by a novel dissolution technique as an adjunct to phase solubility study, wettability test, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The solubility of albendazole was greater with albendazole-poloxamer 407 system, while polyethylene glycol dispersions showed predominant wettability. Physical mixtures showed enhanced dissolution compared with the pure drug, due to improved wetting and solubilization of drug in the diffusion layer offering carrier-rich microenvironment. Preparation of solid dispersion further improved the dissolution compared to the physical mixture, owing to increased surface area for mass transfer, thermodynamically enhanced dissolution of a higher energy amorphous form from the carrier, in addition to improved wetting and solubilization. All carriers showed comparable degree of drug particle size reduction, whereas mixing ratio and method of preparation substantially affected the particle size. Intermolecular association of drug with the carrier led to inhibition of drug recrystallization.
Does Summarization Help Stock Prediction? A News Impact Analysis

The authors study the problem of how news summarization can help stock price prediction, proposing a generic stock price prediction framework to enable the use of different external signals to predict stock prices. Experiments were conducted on five years of Hong Kong Stock Exchange data, with news reported by Finet; evaluations were performed at individual stock, sector index, and market index levels. The authors' results show that prediction based on news article summarization can effectively outperform prediction based on full-length articles on both validation and independent testing sets.
A comparison of four frailty models.

OBJECTIVES
To determine how well the interview-based, clinic-friendly International Academy of Nutrition and Aging (FRAIL) frailty scale predicts future disability and mortality in the African American Health (AAH) cohort compared with the clinic-friendly Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) frailty scale, the phenotype-based Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) frailty scale, and the comprehensive Frailty Index (FI).


DESIGN
Longitudinal cohort study.


SETTING
Metropolitan St. Louis, Missouri.


PARTICIPANTS
African American Health is a population-based panel study of African Americans (baseline age 49-65) from St. Louis, Missouri. Participants completed in-home assessments at baseline (N = 998) and 3- (n = 853) and 9- (n = 582) year follow-up.


MEASUREMENTS
Outcomes included activity of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL difficulties at 3 and 9 years and 9-year mortality. Frailty measures included the FRAIL, SOF, and CHS scales and the FI.


RESULTS
The FRAIL, SOF, CHS, and FI measures predicted new 3- and 9-year disability, and the FRAIL and FI scales predicted 9-year mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) contrasts showed that the FRAIL scale performed as well as (9-year disability and mortality) or better than (3-year disability) the CHS and SOF scales and the FI better than the FRAIL, CHS, and SOF scales for all outcomes except the FRAIL and CHS scales for 9-year ADL difficulties. The CHS and SOF scales were equivalent for all outcomes in ROC contrasts.


CONCLUSION
Overall the FI and the FRAIL scale exhibited the strongest predictive validity for disability and mortality in AAH. The best prediction tool to identify frail individuals at risk of disability and mortality may be one that includes a comorbidity measure. The FRAIL scale includes a comorbidity item and is a brief interview-based measure that is easy to administer, score, and interpret. The FRAIL scale has demonstrated validity and may prove to be a valuable scale for use by clinicians.
Determining the chromatic number of triangle-free 2P3-free graphs in polynomial time

Let 2P3 denote the disjoint union of two paths on three vertices. A graph G that has no subgraph isomorphic to a graph H is called H-free. The Vertex Coloring problem is the problem to determine the chromatic number of a graph. Its computational complexity for trianglefree H-free graphs has been classified for every fixed graph H on at most 6 vertices except for the case H = 2P3. This remaining case is posed as an open problem by Dabrowski, Lozin, Raman and Ries. We solve their open problem by showing polynomial-time solvability.
Electrochemical Sensors Based on Carbon Nanotubes

This review focuses on recent contributions in the development of the electrochemical sensors based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs have unique mechanical and electronic properties, combined with chemical stability, and behave electrically as a metal or semiconductor, depending on their structure. For sensing applications, CNTs have many advantages such as small size with larger surface area, excellent electron transfer promoting ability when used as electrodes modifier in electrochemical reactions, and easy protein immobilization with retention of its activity for potential biosensors. CNTs play an important role in the performance of electrochemical biosensors, immunosensors, and DNA biosensors. Various methods have been developed for the design of sensors using CNTs in recent years. Herein we summarize the applications of CNTs in the construction of electrochemical sensors and biosensors along with other nanomaterials and conducting polymers.
More strategies, more Nash equilibria

In this paper, we isolate a non-trivial class of games for which there exists a monotone relation between the size of strategy spaces and the number of Nash equilibria. This class is that of two-player games with compact real intervals as strategy spaces and continuous and strictly quasi-concave payoff functions, assumptions met by many economic models. We then show that the sufficient conditions for our theorem to hold are tight.
Intervehicle Communication: Cox-Fox Modeling

Safety message dissemination in a vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) requires vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication with low latency and high reliability. The dynamics of vehicle passing and queueing as well as high mobility create distinctive propagation characteristics of wireless medium and inevitable uncertainty in space-time patterns of the vehicle density on a road. It is therefore of great importance to account for random vehicle locations in V2V communication. In this paper, we characterize intervehicle communication in a random field of vehicles, where a beacon or head vehicle (transmitter) broadcasts safety or warning messages to neighboring client vehicles (receivers) randomly located in a cluster on the road. To account for a doubly stochastic property of the VANET, we first model vehicle's random locations as a stationary Cox process with Fox's H-distributed random intensity (vehicle concentration) and derive the distributional functions of the lth nearest client's distance from the beacon in such a Fox Cox field of vehicles. We then consolidate this spatial randomness of receiving vehicles into a path loss model and develop a triply-composite Fox channel model that combines key wireless propagation effects such as the distance-dependent path loss, large-scale fading (shadowing), and small-scale fading (multipath fading). In Fox channel modeling, each constituent propagation effect is described as Fox's H-variate, culminating again in Fox's H-variate for the received power or equivalently the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio at the lth nearest client vehicle. Due to versatility of Fox's H-functions, this stochastic channel model can encompass a variety of well-established or generalized statistical propagation models used in wireless communication; be well-fitted to measurement data in diverse propagation environments by varying parameters; and facilitate a unifying analysis for fundamental physical-layer performances, such as error probability and channel capacity, using again the language of Fox's H-functions. This work serves to develop a unifying framework to characterize V2V communication in a doubly stochastic VANET by averaging both the small- and large-scale fading effects as well as the (random) distance-dependent path losses.
Filter Models and Easy Terms

We illustrate the use of intersection types as a tool for synthesizing ?-models which exhibit special purpose features. We focus on semantical proofs of easiness. This allows us to prove that the class of ?-theories induced by graph models is strictly included in the class of ?-theories induced by non-extensional filter models.
Heterogeneity of Estrogen Receptor Expression in Circulating Tumor Cells from Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients

BACKGROUND
Endocrine treatment is the most preferable systemic treatment in metastatic breast cancer patients that have had an estrogen receptor (ER) positive primary tumor or metastatic lesions, however, approximately 20% of these patients do not benefit from the therapy and demonstrate further metastatic progress. One reason for failure of endocrine therapy might be the heterogeneity of ER expression in tumor cells spreading from the primary tumor to distant sites which is reflected in detectable circulating tumor cells (CTCs).


METHODS
A sensitive and specific staining protocol for ER, keratin 8/18/19, CD45 was established. Peripheral blood from 35 metastatic breast cancer patients with ER-positive primary tumors was tested for the presence of CTCs. Keratin 8/18/19 and DAPI positive but CD45 negative cells were classified as CTCs and evaluated for ER staining. Subsequently, eight individual CTCs from four index patients (2 CTCs per patient) were isolated and underwent whole genome amplification and ESR1 gene mutation analysis.


RESULTS
CTCs were detected in blood of 16 from 35 analyzed patients (46%), with a median of 3 CTCs/7.5 ml. In total, ER-negative CTCs were detected in 11/16 (69%) of the CTC positive cases, including blood samples with only ER-negative CTCs (19%) and samples with both ER-positive and ER-negative CTCs (50%). No correlation was found between the intensity and/or percentage of ER staining in the primary tumor with the number and ER status of CTCs of the same patient. ESR1 gene mutations were not found.


CONCLUSION
CTCs frequently lack ER expression in metastatic breast cancer patients with ER-positive primary tumors and show a considerable intra-patient heterogeneity, which may reflect a mechanism to escape endocrine therapy. Provided single cell analysis did not support a role of ESR1 mutations in this process.
Big and tall soldiers are more likely to survive battle: a possible explanation for the 'returning soldier effect' on the secondary sex ratio.

BACKGROUND
It is widely known that more boys are born during and immediately after wars, but there has not been any ultimate (evolutionary) explanation for this 'returning soldier effect'. Here, I suggest that the higher sex ratios during and immediately after wars might be a byproduct of the fact that taller soldiers are more likely to survive battle and that taller parents are more likely to have sons.


METHODS
I analyze a large sample of British Army service records during World War I.


RESULTS
Surviving soldiers were on average more than one inch (3.33 cm) taller than fallen soldiers.


CONCLUSIONS
Conservative estimates suggest that the one-inch height advantage alone is more than twice as sufficient to account for all the excess boys born in the UK during and after World War I. While it remains unclear why taller soldiers are more likely to survive battle, I predict that the returning soldier effect will not happen in more recent and future wars.
Phase I study of the novel taxane CT-2103 in patients with advanced solid tumors

CT-2103 (Cell Therapeutics, Seattle, Wash.) is a water-soluble macromolecular conjugate of paclitaxel to a polyglutamate backbone, designed to enhance tumor permeability and to improve intratumoral delivery of paclitaxel. Preclinical studies indicate that CT-2103 has substantial antitumor efficacy in xenograft tumor models. We performed a phase I trial in patients with advanced solid tumors to determine the maximum tolerated doses (MTD) of CT-2103 when administered as short intravenous infusion every 3 weeks. Seven patients received a total of 16 cycles (range 1–3) of CT-2103 at doses of 235 and 270 mg/m2. Two of five patients treated at 235 mg/m2 and one of two patients treated at 270 mg/m2 experienced grade 3/4 neutropenia. Four patients experienced a marked increase in PTT within 30 min of the start of infusion. Neuropathy was more severe than expected. Two patients developed grade 3 neuropathy that prompted a 50% dose reduction of CT-2103 and persisted for 8 months in one, and over a year in the other. Three patients experienced grade 1 or 2 neuropathy. Neurotoxicity was cumulative and prevented patients from receiving prolonged administration of CT-2103. The unexpectedly high rate of cumulative toxicity observed in our study needs to be taken into consideration in future trials of CT-2103. Prior taxane use may not be a predictor of severe neurotoxicity.