LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Bonding of Resin Materials to All-Ceramics: A Review

Problem statement: All-ceramic materials, especially silica-based lit hium disilicate and nonsilicate-based Zirconia, have become a topic of int erest in the field of dentistry. It is still diffic ult to achieve a strong and durable resin-ceramic adhesion , especially resin-Zirconia bonding. Approach: The article reviews the current literature published in the past 5 years, focusing on the latest resin bon ding techniques (including surface treatment, priming an d cementation) for dental all-ceramic materials, especially Zirconia and lithium disilicate ceramics . A search of dental literature from PubMed and MEDLINE databases was conducted and the key words i ncluded Zirconia, lithium disilicate and bond. Titles and abstracts of the articles listed from se arch results were reviewed and evaluated for appropriateness. Results: The literature demonstrates that a variety of surf ace roughness, priming and cementation methods are available for improving res in-ceramic bonding. Conclusion: Available data suggest that the preferred bonding methods for sili ca-based ceramics are hydrofluoric acid-etching and subsequent silent treatments. The preferred protoco l f r Zirconia-resin bonding is the combination of surface roughness such as air-abrasion and treatmen t with a phosphate-containing Zirconia primer followed by cementation with a non-phosphate-contai ning resin cement.
Schanuel property for additive power series

We prove a version of Schanuel’s Conjecture for a field of Laurent power series in positive characteristic replacing ℂ and a non-algebraic additive power series replacing the exponential map.
Employment of Diode Laser in the Treatment of Epulis Fissuratum. Case Report

Background:Diode laser has become an important alternative technique for surgical treatment of oral lesions. Case report. It is reported a 73-years-old female patient case diagnosed of epulis fissuratum that was treated with FOX ® diode laser. Re-evaluation showed an appropriate healing with a total removal of the lesion. Discussion:Diode laser can be used for the removal of soft tissue oral lesions with very good results due to its numerous advantages.
From Augmented Reality to Augmented Computing: A Look at Cloud-Mobile Convergence

There has been considerable number of virtual and augmented reality applications designed and developed for mobile devices. However the state-of-the-art systems are commonly confined by several limitations. In this position paper the concept ”Cloud-Mobile Convergence for Virtual Reality (CMCVR)” is presented. CMCVR envisions effective and user-friendly integration of the mobile device and cloud-based resources. Through the proposed framework, mobile devices could be augmented to deliver some user experiences comparable to those offered by fixed systems. A preliminary research that follows the CMCVR paradigm is also described.
Monitoring in vivo hypogastric nerve activity during bladder filling in canines.

transection of the lumbosacral spinal roots innervating the bladder as well as the hypogastric nerves.  The residual, low amplitude evoked contraction during L2 spinal root stimulation is likely due to low number of direct projections from the L2 ventral horn to the bladder.1  Recording results suggests hypogastric efferent fibers mainly contribute to bladder storage function.2  These refined electroneurogram recording methods may be suitable by monitoring sensory and motor activity in the transferred nerves after bladder reinnervation. Ekta Tiwari, Mary F. Barbe Michel A. Lemay, Danielle M. Salvadeo, Matthew M. Wood, Michael Mazzei, Luke V. Musser, Zdenka J. Delalic, Alan S. Braverman, and Michael R. Ruggieri, Sr.
Security Attacks and Solutions in Clouds Kazi Zunnurhain

Cloud computing offers great potential to improve productivity and reduce costs, but at the same time it possesses many new security risks. In this paper we identify the possible security attacks on clouds including: Wrapping attacks, Malware-Injection attacks, Flooding attacks, Browser attacks, and also Accountability checking problems. We identify the root causes of these attacks and propose specific
Sleep, arousal and health-related quality of life in men and women with coronary artery disease.

AIM
To evaluate whether there are gender differences in insomnia, sleep quality, sleep efficiency (%), general arousal, disease-specific and health-related quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease, compared with an age- and gender-matched randomly selected group from the general population.


BACKGROUND
There are gender difference effects of sleep disturbances in the general population, but this perspective among patients with coronary artery disease has been poorly analysed.


DESIGN
In this prospective study, comparative, descriptive and model testing designs were used.


METHOD
The patients with coronary artery disease, 556 men and 324 women aged 25-86, were compared with a matched population-based group. Data were collected by validated and reliability-tested questionnaires.


RESULTS
The prevalence of severe insomnia varied between 17-44% in all four groups. The severe insomniac coronary artery disease patients displayed a two- or threefold higher presleep arousal, had two hours shorter nocturnal sleep duration/night and were more limited in their physical exercise level than the population-based group. Gender differences in sleep quality, sleep efficiency (%) and general arousal disappeared with increased insomnia severity.


CONCLUSIONS
Independent of gender, age and comorbidity, physical exercise, general arousal behaviour and delayed poststress recovery after mental stress were found to have a negative impact on the coronary artery disease patients' sleep quality and sleep efficiency (%), interfering with their health-related quality of life. The variables significantly explained 41% of the sleep quality outcome and 29% of the sleep efficiency (%).


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Insomnia because of hyperarousal behaviour can be an important factor in the development of an individual self-care management programme supported by a healthcare team.
Inter-clonal, intra-clonal, and single tree variations of wood anatomical properties and specific gravity of clonal ramets of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.

Inter-clonal, intra-clonal and within tree variations in specific gravity and wood anatomical properties of 8-year-old grown ramets of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. have been investigated. Radial and location-wise intra-clonal variations were non-significant for anatomical properties and specific gravity for all six clones at all three sites. However, inter-clonal variations in wood anatomical properties and specific gravity were significantly different. Inter-clonal variations in anatomical properties and specific gravity were also significant due to sites, which indicated that site-characteristics overshadowed the genetic priority of different clones for wood anatomical properties. Average fiber-characteristics of all clones showed the best performance at Lalkuan, Haldwani (site III), while average specific gravity performed well at Brandis Road, Dehradun (site I) followed by site III (Lalkuan, Haldwani) and site II (Lachchiwala, Dehradun). Within tree variations in anatomical properties like fiber length, fiber diameter, wall thickness, vessel member length and vessel member diameter due to vertical or radial direction and location (pith to periphery) are non-significant. Radial direction, location and height showed no impact on wood element variation. It indicated that there is no impact of juvenile wood, sapwood and heartwood ratio, and reaction wood on wood anatomical properties of 8-year-old ramet of D. sissoo. It further indicated that clone raised ramet of 8-year-old D. sissoo showed the characteristics of mature wood. Within tree variations in specific gravity were significant due to height, which may be related to differential sapwood and heartwood ratio in the vertical direction. Different wood elements viz. fiber length, fiber diameter, wall thickness, vessel member length and vessel member diameter showed significant correlations with each other and with specific gravity.
Effectiveness and driver acceptance of a semi-autonomous forward obstacle collision avoidance system.

This paper proposes a semi-autonomous collision avoidance system for the prevention of collisions between vehicles and pedestrians and objects on a road. The system is designed to be compatible with the human-centered automation principle, i.e., the decision to perform a maneuver to avoid a collision is made by the driver. However, the system is partly autonomous in that it turns the steering wheel independently when the driver only applies the brake, indicating his or her intent to avoid the obstacle. With a medium-fidelity driving simulator, we conducted an experiment to investigate the effectiveness of this system for improving safety in emergency situations, as well as its acceptance by drivers. The results indicate that the system effectively improves safety in emergency situations, and the semi-autonomous characteristic of the system was found to be acceptable to drivers.
A Note on the GKR Protocol

This note describes a simplification of the GKR interactive proof for circuit evaluation (Goldwasser, Kalai, and Rothblum, J. ACM 2015), as efficiently instantiated by Cormode, Mitzenmacher, and Thaler (ITCS 2012). The simplification reduces the prover runtime, round complexity, and total communication cost of the protocol by roughly 33%.
Effects of solid lubricant and laser surface texturing on frictional performance of pulse electric current sintered Al2O3–ZrO2 composites

Abstract Low-friction Al 2 O 3 –ZrO 2 composites were fabricated using a pulse electric current sintering (PECS) technique. Solid lubricants and/or laser surface texturing (LST) were applied to improve the low friction of the PECSed Al 2 O 3 –ZrO 2 composites under the lubricated condition (5W30). The hydrophobic surfaces of the as-polished PECSed composites were observed (except for the composites containing WS 2 ). After LST processing, all PECSed composites exhibited a hydrophobic surface ( θ =~93.9–101.1°), and the coefficient of friction of the PECSed Al 2 O 3 –ZrO 2 composites under a lubricated condition (5W30, commercial engine oil) was in the range from 0.050 to 0.060 before LST and from 0.045 to 0.065 after LST. This variation in the coefficient of friction of the PECSed composites is dependent on the flow of the lubricating oil, as confirmed by the surface morphology during the sliding tests.
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis and paramyotonia congenita – A novel sodium channel mutation –

Sirs: The group of hereditary sodium channel diseases, also termed sodium channelopathies, comprises hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HyperPP), some forms of hypokalemic periodic paralysis, paramyotonia congenita (PC) and potassium aggravated myotonia [1, 4, 5, 7, 8]. They occur by autosomal dominant inheritance caused by point mutations in the gene encoding the α-subunit of the adult human skeletal muscle sodium channel (SCN4A) [1, 7, 8]. Here we report a case of HyperPP and PC with novel point mutation on the SCN4A gene. A 23-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for periodic muscle weakness in his lower extremities. One morning 7 years previously, he noticed muscle soreness and weakness in the lower extremities, which completely disappeared within one week. The same attack was repeated nearly every 6 months (especially the next morning after overeating). He also noticed muscle stiffness in his face and fingers during exercise in the cold. Serum creatine kinase (CK) on admission was 2264 IU/l (normal range:35–169) and potassium was 5.4 mEq/l (3.5–4.7), both levels soon normalized. Electromyography (EMG) showed myotonic discharges in all extremities (Fig. 1B upper). Immediately after a provocative test with potassium infusion had induced muscle weakness in the lower extremities, a biopsy from the gastocnemius muscle was performed that revealed mild variability in fiber size without vacuolar changes and an increase in the number of central nuclei. He did not have grip myotonia, but we discovered that myotonia of the face and fingers induced by cold water or inside a cold room (4 °C) could be increased with repeated contraction (paradoxical myotonia). Based on these findings, we diagnosed overlapping syndromes of HyperPP and PC (Table 1). The patient’s father had experienced periodic paralysis (PP) that gradually faded with age and still had muscle stiffness during exercise in the cold (Fig. 1A). His younger sister had muscle stiffness but not PP, and his younger brother had both. Their EMGs showed myotonic discharges (Fig. 1B middle and lower). A molecular analysis of the SCN4A gene revealed an A-to-G transition at nucleotide 4,108, causing the substitution of valine for methionine at codon 1370 (Fig. 1C). Up to date, approximately 20 point mutations have been detected in the SCN4A gene that can cause sodium channelopathy [1, 7]. As the present patient and symptomatic family members had the same point mutation in SCN4A and neither asymptomatic family members nor 30 healthy subjects had this point mutation, we concluded this mutation could be pathogenic. This is a novel sodium channel mutation at methionine 1370 of the SCN4A gene. This mutation, Met1370Val, produces clinical symptom of only PC in females (in LETTER TO THE EDITORS
The New Rome IV Criteria for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infants and Toddlers

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common worldwide and cover a wide range of disorders attributable to the gastrointestinal tract that cannot be explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. The diagnosis of these disorders relies on the symptom-based Rome criteria. In 2016 the Rome criteria were revised for infants/toddlers and for children and adolescents. In this review, we discuss the novel Rome IV criteria for infants and toddlers. The criteria for infant colic were drastically changed, whereas only minor changes were made for regurgitation, cyclic vomiting syndrome, functional diarrhea, infant dyschezia and functional constipation. In addition to this, the new Rome IV discusses underlying mechanisms of pain in infants and toddlers, including the neuro-development of nociceptive and pain pathways, the various factors that are involved in pain experience, and methods of pain assessment in infants and toddlers is essential for the clinician who encounters functional pain in this age group. Overall, the Rome IV criteria have become more distinctive for all disorders in order to improve the process of diagnosing pediatric FGIDs.
Physical health monitoring of patients with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE
Schizophrenia is associated with several chronic physical illnesses and a shorter life expectancy, compared with life expectancy in the general population. One approach to improving the health of patients with schizophrenia is to improve the monitoring of physical health that occurs in psychiatric settings. The authors discuss a consensus panel's recommendations for improving the physical health monitoring of patients with schizophrenia who are treated in outpatient settings.


METHOD
A consensus meeting including psychiatric and other medical experts assembled on October 17-18, 2002, to evaluate the existing literature and to develop recommendations for physical health monitoring of patients with schizophrenia. Conference participants reviewed the literature in the following areas: 1) weight gain and obesity; 2) diabetes; 3) hyperlipidemia; 4) prolongation of the QT interval on the ECG; 5) prolactin elevation and related sexual side effects; 6) extrapyramidal side effects, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia; 7) cataracts; and 8) myocarditis. Experts for each topic area formulated monitoring recommendations that were discussed by all of the participants until a consensus was reached.


RESULTS
Consensus recommendations included regular monitoring of body mass index, plasma glucose level, lipid profiles, and signs of prolactin elevation or sexual dysfunction. Information from monitoring should guide the selection of antipsychotic agents. Specific recommendations were made for cardiac monitoring of patients who receive medications associated with QT interval prolongation, including thioridazine, mesoridazine, and ziprasidone, and for monitoring for signs of myocarditis in patients treated with clozapine. Patients who receive both first- and second-generation antipsychotic medications should be examined for extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia. Patients with schizophrenia should receive regular visual examinations.


CONCLUSIONS
The conference participants recommended that mental health care providers perform physical health monitoring that typically occurs in primary care settings for their patients who do not receive physical health monitoring in those settings. This change in usual practice is recommended on the basis of the conference participants' belief that this additional monitoring will result in the earlier detection of common, serious risk factors that could, without detection and intervention, contribute to impaired health of patients with schizophrenia.
Oophorectomy after menopause and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

BACKGROUND
To evaluate the effect of the cumulative number of ovulatory cycles and its contributing components on the risk of breast cancer among BRCA mutation carriers.


METHODS
We conducted a matched case-control study on 2,854 pairs of women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association between the number of ovulatory cycles and various exposures and the risk of breast cancer. Information from a subset of these women enrolled in a prospective cohort study was used to calculate age-specific breast cancer rates.


RESULTS
The annual risk of breast cancer decreased with the number of ovulatory cycles experienced (ρ = -0.69; P = 0.03). Age at menarche and duration of breastfeeding were inversely related with risk of breast cancer among BRCA1 (P(trend) < 0.0001) but not among BRCA2 (P(trend) ≥ 0.28) mutation carriers. The reduction in breast cancer risk associated with surgical menopause [OR, 0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40-0.66; P(trend) < 0.0001] was greater than that associated with natural menopause (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.62-1.07; P(trend) = 0.14). There was a highly significant reduction in breast cancer risk among women who had an oophorectomy after natural menopause (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02-0.54; P = 0.006).


CONCLUSIONS
These data challenge the hypothesis that breast cancer risk can be predicted by the lifetime number of ovulatory cycles in women with a BRCA mutation. Both pre- and postmenopausal oophorectomy protect against breast cancer.


IMPACT
Understanding the basis for the protective effect of oophorectomy has important implications for chemoprevention.
A randomized, controlled trial of furosemide with or without albumin in hypoproteinemic patients with acute lung injury.

OBJECTIVE
Hypoproteinemia is a common condition in critically ill patients, associated with the development of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome and subsequent worse clinical outcomes. Albumin with furosemide benefits lung physiology in hypoproteinemic patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, but the independent pharmacologic effects of these drugs are unknown.


DESIGN
Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicentered trial.


SETTING
Eleven medical, surgical, and trauma intensive care units including 190 beds within two university hospital systems.


PATIENTS
Forty mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, whose serum total protein concentrations were <6.0 g/dL were included. Patients were excluded for hemodynamic instability or significant renal or hepatic failure.


INTERVENTIONS
Subjects were equally randomly allocated to receive furosemide with albumin or furosemide with placebo for 72 hrs, titrated to fluid loss and normalization of serum total protein concentration.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
The primary outcome was change in oxygenation from baseline to day 1, with secondary physiologic and clinical outcomes. There were no differences in baseline characteristics of the subjects in relation to group assignment. Albumin-treated patients had greater increases in oxygenation (mean change in Pao2/Fio2: +43 vs. -24 mm Hg at 24 hrs and +49 vs. -13 mm Hg at day 3), serum total protein (1.5 vs. 0.5 g/dL at day 3), and net fluid loss (-5480 vs. -1490 mL at day 3) throughout the study period (all p < .05). Fluid bolus administration to control patients reduced net negative fluid balance; control patients more frequently developed hypotension and had fewer shock-free days, which translated to differences in organ failure at study end.


CONCLUSIONS
The addition of albumin to furosemide therapy in hypoproteinemic patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome significantly improves oxygenation, with greater net negative fluid balance and better maintenance of hemodynamic stability. Additional randomized clinical trials are necessary to examine mechanisms and determine the effect on important clinical outcomes, such as the duration of mechanical ventilation.
IT-governance practices: COBIT

With the increasing dependence of enterprises on IT, and with the widely spreading use of e-business, IT governance is attracting increasing worldwide attention. A proper IT governance would promote enterprise performance through intelligent and efficient utilization of IT. In addition, standard IT governance practices would provide a suitable open environment for e-business that provides compatibility for inter-enterprise interaction. This review is concerned with introducing the current state of IT governance, in four main steps. First, the review identifies what is meant by IT governance, and presents the main organizations concerned with its development, namely: ISACA (Information Systems Audit and Control Association) and ITGI (Information Technology Governance Institute). Secondly, the review highlights COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and related Technologies) the widely acknowledged IT governance framework, produced by ITGI. Thirdly, the current state of COBIT use is addressed using a recent global survey. Finally, comments and recommendations on the future development of IT governance are concluded. Understanding IT governance The word governance brings attention to the more familiar word government. To Webster's dictionary [1], both are of the same meaning. The dictionary defines the word government as "the individual or body that exercises administrative power". The word is known to be of Greek origin, and means "to steer" [2]. Currently, the two words are usually used to mean two related, but different, meanings. While the word government is defined as