LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Accident Detection and Rescue with Ambulance

ABSTRACT : The rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. According to this project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately Vibration sensor will detect the signal and sends it to Microcontroller. Microcontroller find the location coordinates of accident spot using GPS and sends the alert message including geographic allocation coordinates through the GSM Module to ambulance unit. So the rescue team in the ambulance can immediately trace the location by putting geographical location coordinates in Google earth application or any other Geographic location finder application. After conforming the location of accident spot the ambulance unit will starts its rescue operation. This system also controls the traffic signals in the path of ambulance and helps ambulance to reach hospital in minimum time.
Competence of Information Technology Professionals in Internet-Based Ventures

This chapter articulates the knowledge and skills required by IT professionals in young Internet-based firms. Building on the general IT governance principle of aligning business and IT, it introduces an adequate competence model, outlines its dimensions, and suggests a framework for modeling the effects of factors internal and external to the firm on the value propositions of the different dimensions. The authors hope that a comprehensive understanding of the role of ITrelated competence will assist founders not only in finding suitable partners, but also in aligning e-business strategy and information technology in Internet-based ventures. iNtrODuctiON The growing relevance of information technology (IT) and, in particular, the proliferation of the Internet, has resulted in a new economic dimension that is characterized by new possibilities of creating value (Lumpkin & Dess, 2004). The so-called Net Economy inevitably facilitates various possibilities for developing innovative business concepts and realizing them by founding a new company (Kollmann, 2006; Kollmann & Häsel, 2006). In newly found ventures, founder competence represents a significant preceding indicator for success (Baum, Locke & Smith, 2001; Chandler & Jansen, 1992). Internet-based ventures are mostly established by heterogeneous teams of founders incorporating knowledge and
Epidemiology of Kawasaki Disease in Asia, Europe, and the United States

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that mainly affects children younger than 5 years. Although Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki first reported KD over 40 years ago, the cause of the disease remains unknown. Currently, KD has been diagnosed in more than 60 countries, including those in Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, and Africa, as well as in North America and Europe. The purpose of this review is to describe the epidemiologic features of KD--particularly its incidence, seasonality, and the occurrence of coronary artery abnormalities--primarily in Japan and the United States, but also in Europe and other Asian countries.
Positive Arithmetic of the Welfare State

This paper argues that social security enjoys wider political support than other welfare programs because: (i) retirees constitute the most homogeneous voting group, and (ii) the intragenerational redistribution component of social security induces low-income young to support this system. In a dynamically efficient overlapping generation economy with earnings heterogeneity, we show that, for sufficient income inequality and enough elderly in the population, a welfare system composed of a within-cohort redistribution scheme and an unfunded social security system represents the political equilibrium of a two-dimensional majoritarian election. Social security is sustained by retirees and low-income young; while intragenerational redistribution by low-income young. Unlike unidimensional voting model, our model suggests that to assess how changes in inequality affect the welfare state, the income distribution should be decomposed by age groups. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: H53; H55; D72
At the edge of nuclear stability: Nonlinear quantum amplifiers

We show that nuclei lying at the edge of stability can behave as nonlinear quantum amplifiers. A tiny change in the nucleon-nucleon interaction can trigger a much bigger change in the binding energy of these systems, relative to the few-cluster breakup threshold.
Objectively measured physical activity has a negative but weak association with academic performance in children and adolescents.

AIM
There is an emerging body of evidence on the potential effects of regular physical activity on academic performance. The aim of this study was to add to the debate, by examining the association between objectively measured physical activity and academic performance in a relatively large sample of children and adolescents.


METHODS
The Spanish UP & DOWN study is a 3-year longitudinal study designed to assess the impact, overtime, of physical activity and sedentary behaviours on health indicators. This present analysis was conducted with 1778 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. Physical activity was objectively measured by accelerometry. Academic performance was assessed using school grades.


RESULTS
Physical activity was inversely associated with all academic performance indicators after adjustment for potential confounders, including neonatal variables, fatness and fitness (all p < 0.05). This association became nonsignificant among quartiles of physical activity. There were only slight differences in academic performance between the lowest and the second quartile of physical activity, compared to the highest quartile, with very small effect size (d < 0.20).


CONCLUSION
Objectively measured physical activity may influence academic performance during both childhood and adolescence, but this association was negative and very weak. Longitudinal and intervention studies are necessary to further our understanding.
Osteomyelitis of the Jaws: Definition and Classification

2.1 Summary ............................................... 5 2.2 Definition .............................................. 6 2.3 History ................................................... 6 2.4 Overview of Currently Used Classification Systems and Terminology 7 2.5 Currently Used Terms in Classification of Osteomyelitis of the Jaws .................. 11 2.5.1 Acute/Subacute Osteomyelitis .............. 11 2.5.2 Chronic Osteomyelitis ........................... 11 2.5.3 Chronic Suppurative Osteomyelitis: Secondary Chronic Osteomyelitis .......... 11 2.5.4 Chronic Non-suppurative Osteomyelitis 11 2.5.5 Diffuse Sclerosing Osteomyelitis, Primary Chronic Osteomyelitis, Florid Osseous Dysplasia, Juvenile Chronic Osteomyelitis ............. 11 2.5.6 SAPHO Syndrome, Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO) ........... 13 2.5.7 Periostitis Ossificans, Garrès Osteomyelitis ............................. 13 2.5.8 Other Commonly Used Terms ................ 13 2.6 Osteomyelitis of the Jaws: The Zurich Classification System ........... 16 2.6.1 General Aspects of the Zurich Classification System ............................. 16 2.6.2 Acute Osteomyelitis and Secondary Chronic Osteomyelitis ........................... 17 2.6.3 Clinical Presentation ............................. 26 2.6.4 Primary Chronic Osteomyelitis .............. 34 2.7 Differential Diagnosis ............................ 48 2.7.1 General Considerations ......................... 48 2.7.2 Differential Diagnosis of Acute and Secondary Chronic Osteomyelitis ... 50 2.7.3 Differential Diagnosis of Primary Chronic Osteomyelitis ........................... 50 2.1 Summary
Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein during systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis and organ dysfunction

INTRODUCTION
Both C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) are accepted sepsis markers. However, there is still some debate concerning the correlation between their serum concentrations and sepsis severity. We hypothesised that PCT and CRP concentrations are different in patients with infection or with no infection at a similar severity of organ dysfunction or of systemic inflammatory response.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
One hundred and fifty adult intensive care unit patients were observed consecutively over a period of 10 days. PCT, CRP and infection parameters were compared among the following groups: no systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (n = 15), SIRS (n = 15), sepsis/SS (n = 71) (including sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock [n = 34, n = 22 and n = 15]), and trauma patients (n = 49, no infection).


RESULTS
PCT and CRP concentrations were higher in patients in whom infection was diagnosed at comparable levels of organ dysfunction (infected patients, regression of median [ng/ml] PCT = -0.848 + 1.526 sequential organ failure assessment [SOFA] score, median [mg/l] CRP = 105.58 + 0.72 SOFA score; non-infected patients, PCT = 0.27 + 0.02 SOFA score, P < 0.0001; CRP = 84.53 - 0.19 SOFA score, P < 0.005), although correlation with the SOFA score was weak (R = 0.254, P < 0.001 for PCT, and R = 0.292, P < 0.001 for CRP). CRP levels were near their maximum already during lower SOFA scores, whereas maximum PCT concentrations were found at higher score levels (SOFA score > 12).PCT and CRP concentrations were 1.58 ng/ml and 150 mg/l in patients with sepsis, 0.38 ng/ml and 51 mg/l in the SIRS patients (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test), and 0.14 ng/ml and 72 mg/l in the patients with no SIRS (P < 0.05). The kinetics of both parameters were also different, and PCT concentrations reacted more quickly than CRP.


CONCLUSIONS
PCT and CRP levels are related to the severity of organ dysfunction, but concentrations are still higher during infection. Different sensitivities and kinetics indicate a different clinical use for both parameters.
Cognitive sequelae of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) is an increasingly common treatment for Parkinson's disease. Qualitative reviews have concluded that diminished verbal fluency is common after STN DBS, but that changes in global cognitive abilities, attention, executive functions, and memory are only inconsistently observed and, when present, often nominal or transient. We did a quantitative meta-analysis to improve understanding of the variability and clinical significance of cognitive dysfunction after STN DBS.


METHODS
We searched MedLine, PsycLIT, and ISI Web of Science electronic databases for articles published between 1990 and 2006, and extracted information about number of patients, exclusion criteria, confirmation of target by microelectrode recording, verification of electrode placement via radiographic means, stimulation parameters, assessment time points, assessment measures, whether patients were on levodopa or dopaminomimetics, and summary statistics needed for computation of effect sizes. We used the random-effects meta-analytical model to assess continuous outcomes before and after STN DBS.


FINDINGS
Of 40 neuropsychological studies identified, 28 cohort studies (including 612 patients) were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. After adjusting for heterogeneity of variance in study effect sizes, the random effects meta-analysis revealed significant, albeit small, declines in executive functions and verbal learning and memory. Moderate declines were only reported in semantic (Cohen's d 0.73) and phonemic verbal fluency (0.51). Changes in verbal fluency were not related to patient age, disease duration, stimulation parameters, or change in dopaminomimetic dose after surgery.


INTERPRETATION
STN DBS, in selected patients, seems relatively safe from a cognitive standpoint. However, difficulty in identification of factors underlying changes in verbal fluency draws attention to the need for uniform and detailed reporting of patient selection, demographic, disease, treatment, surgical, stimulation, and clinical outcome parameters.
The unspoken revolution in software engineering

In this article the author describes the outsourcing aspects of software engineering. The author finds outsourcing so fascinating partly because it serves as a magnifier and revelator of just about everything in software engineering. The development of offshoring also raises a new challenge for those of us entrusted with educating future software professionals in the industrialized world.
A Survey Report on Text Classification with Different Term Weighing Methods and Comparison between Classification Algorithms

Text classification approach gaining more importance because of the accessibility of large number of electronic documents from a variety of resource. Text categorization is the task of assigning predefined categories to documents. It is the method of finding interesting regularities in large textual, where interesting means non trivial, hidden, previously unknown and potentially useful. The goal of text mining is to enable users to extract information from textual resource and deals with operation such as retrieval, classification, clustering, data mining, natural language preprocessing and machine learning techniques together to classify different pattern. In text classification, term weighting methods design appropriate weights to the given terms to improve the text classification performance. This paper surveys of text classification, process of text classification different term weighing methods and comparisons between different classification algorithms.
Real-time price discovery in global stock , bond and foreign exchange markets ☆

Using a unique high-frequency futures dataset, we characterize the response of U.S., German and British stock, bond and foreign exchange markets to real-time U.S. macroeconomic news. We find that news produces conditional mean jumps; hence high-frequency stock, bond and exchange rate dynamics are linked to fundamentals. Equity markets, moreover, react differently to news depending on the stage of the business cycle, which explains the low correlation between stock and bond returns when averaged over the cycle. Hence our results qualify earlier work suggesting that bond markets react most strongly to macroeconomic news; in particular, when conditioning on the state of the economy, the equity and foreign Journal of International Economics 73 (2007) 251–277 www.elsevier.com/locate/econbase ☆ This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, the Guggenheim Foundation, the BSI Gamma Foundation, and CREATES. For useful comments we thank the Editor and referees, seminar participants at the Bank for International Settlements, the BSI Gamma Foundation, the Symposium of the European Central Bank/Center for Financial Studies Research Network, the NBER International Finance and Macroeconomics program, and the American Economic Association Annual Meetings, as well as Rui Albuquerque, Annika Alexius, Boragan Aruoba, Anirvan Banerji, Ben Bernanke, Robert Connolly, Jeffrey Frankel, Lingfeng Li, Richard Lyons, Marco Pagano, Paolo Pasquariello, and Neng Wang. ⁎ Corresponding author. Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, 3718 Locust Walk Philadelphia, PA 19104-6297, United States. Tel.: +1 215 898 1507; fax: +1 215 573 4217. E-mail addresses: t-andersen@kellogg.nwu.edu (T.G. Andersen), boller@econ.duke.edu (T. Bollerslev), fdiebold@sas.upenn.edu (F.X. Diebold), vega@simon.rochester.edu (C. Vega). 0022-1996/$ see front matter © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2007.02.004 exchange markets appear equally responsive. Finally, we also document important contemporaneous links across all markets and countries, even after controlling for the effects of macroeconomic news. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
AI-Techniques in Proof Planning

Proof planning is an application of Artiicial Intelligence (AI)-planning in mathematical domains for theorem proving. The paper presents a knowledge-based proof planning approach that is implemented in the OMEGA proof planner. It evaluates control-rules in order to restrict the otherwise intractable search spaces and combines proof planning with domain-speciic constraint solving. Several AI-techniques contribute to the successful planning of proofs that were beyond the capabilities of theorem provers and proof planners previously.
Demonstration of teamwork in uncertain domains using hybrid BDI-POMDP systems

Personal Assistant agents are becoming increasingly important in a variety of application domains in offices, at home, for medical care and many others [5, 1]. These agents are required to constantly monitor their environment (including the state of their users), and make periodic decisions based on their monitoring. For example, in an office environment, agents may need to monitor the location of their user in order to ascertain whether the user would be able to make it on time to a meeting [5]. Or, they may be required to monitor the progress of a user on a particular assignment and decide whether or not the user would be able to meet the deadline for completing the assignment. Teamwork between such agents is important in Personal Assistant applications to enable agents working together to achieve a common goal (such as finishing a project on time). This working demonstration shows a hybrid(BDI-POMDP) approach to accomplish such teamwork.
Pulse Shaping: The Missing Piece of Backscatter Radio and RFID

The increasing use of backscatter radio for pervasive Internet-of-Things systems as a low-power and low-cost communication scheme will result in dense deployments of tags that need to operate under bandwidth (BW) constraints. Typical backscatter tags and computational radio frequency (RF) identification systems are unnecessarily limited to modulating data with “ON-OFF” switching front-ends, which leads to extensive spectrum occupancy, due to the rectangular pulses. This paper sets the foundations to overcome these limitations and proposes designs of RF front-ends that are capable of varying the tag reflection coefficient in a continuous way over time. Arbitrary waveforms can be generated to perform pulse shaping on the backscattered signals, which require significantly reduced BW. The principles presented in this paper will enable sophisticated tags to perform complex modulation schemes under BW constraints, while maintaining a very low RF front-end complexity, using a single nonlinear component such as a p-i-n diode or field-effect transistor. Migrating the idea of pulse shaping from complex power-demanding active radios to such minimal RF front-ends will complete backscatter radio as a communication scheme for simple RF tags and sensors in large-scale deployments. Each tag becomes a miniature software-defined radio that implements diverse communication schemes with increased spectral efficiency.
Design and Implementation of a Practical Parallel Delaunay Algorithm

This paper describes the design and implementation of a practical parallel algorithm for Delaunay triangulation that works well on general distributions. Although there have been many theoretical parallel algorithms for the problem, and some implementations based on bucketing that work well for uniform distributions, there has been little work on implementations for general distributions. We use the well known reduction of 2D Delaunay triangulation to find the 3D convex hull of points on a paraboloid. Based on this reduction we developed a variant of the Edelsbrunner and Shi 3D convex hull algorithm, specialized for the case when the point set lies on a paraboloid. This simplification reduces the work required by the algorithm (number of operations) from O(n log 2 n) to O(n log n) . The depth (parallel time) is O( log 3 n) on a CREW PRAM. The algorithm is simpler than previous O(n log n) work parallel algorithms leading to smaller constants. Initial experiments using a variety of distributions showed that our parallel algorithm was within a factor of 2 in work from the best sequential algorithm. Based on these promising results, the algorithm was implemented using C and an MPI-based toolkit. Compared with previous work, the resulting implementation achieves significantly better speedups over good sequential code, does not assume a uniform distribution of points, and is widely portable due to its use of MPI as a communication mechanism. Results are presented for the IBM SP2, Cray T3D, SGI Power Challenge, and DEC AlphaCluster.
A balancing act: children's experience of modified constraint-induced movement therapy.

OBJECTIVE
This qualitative study explored the experiences of children participating in modified constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) within a circus-themed day camp.


METHODS
Individual semi-structured interviews were performed with 32 children (15 girls, 17 boys; mean age 10.1 years) to gain insights into their experience of CIMT. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and independently read by two authors to identify common themes.


RESULTS
Three themes emerged from the data: children's experience of wearing the glove employed in the modified CIMT, their reactions to the camp format and the gains they made during the camp.


CONCLUSION
The results highlighted the need to achieve a balance between the frustration of participating in modified CIMT and what was seen as motivators to sustain involvement. Findings are interpreted in the context of self-determination theory and remind clinicians to ensure interventions consider autonomy, competence and relatedness.
PrintMotion: Actuating Printed Objects Using Actuators Equipped in a 3D Printer

We introduce a novel use for desktop 3D printers using actuators equipped in the printers. The actuators control an extruder and a build-plate mounted on a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer, moving them horizontally or vertically. Our technique enables actuation of 3D-printed objects on the build-plate by controlling the actuators, and people can interact with them by connecting interface devices to the 3D printer. In this work, we describe how to actuate printed objects using the actuators and present several objects illustrated by our technique.