LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A double-blind, non-inferiority RCT comparing corifollitropin alfa and recombinant FSH during the first seven days of ovarian stimulation using a GnRH antagonist protocol

BACKGROUND
Corifollitropin alfa, a fusion protein lacking LH activity, has a longer elimination half-life and extended time to peak levels than recombinant FSH (rFSH). A single injection of corifollitropin alfa may replace seven daily gonadotrophin injections during the first week of ovarian stimulation.


METHODS
In this large, double-blind, randomized, non-inferiority trial the ongoing pregnancy rates were assessed after one injection of 150 microg corifollitropin alfa during the first week of stimulation and compared with daily injections of 200 IU rFSH using a standard GnRH antagonist protocol.


RESULTS
The study population comprised 1506 treated patients with mean age of 31.5 years and body weight of 68.6 kg. Ongoing pregnancy rates of 38.9% for the corifollitropin alfa group and 38.1% for rFSH were achieved, with an estimated non-significant difference of 0.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): -3.9; 5.7] in favor of corifollitropin alfa. Stratified analyses of pregnancy rates confirmed robustness of this primary outcome by showing similar results regardless of IVF or ICSI, or number of embryos transferred. A slightly higher follicular response with corifollitropin alfa resulted in a higher number of cumulus-oocyte-complexes compared with rFSH [estimated difference 1.2 (95% CI: 0.5; 1.9)], whereas median duration of stimulation was equal (9 days) and incidence of (moderate/severe) ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was the same (4.1 and 2.7%, respectively P = 0.15).


CONCLUSION
Corifollitropin alfa is a novel and effective treatment option for potential normal responder patients undergoing ovarian stimulation with GnRH antagonist co-treatment for IVF resulting in a high ongoing pregnancy rate, equal to that achieved with daily rFSH. The trial was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NTC00696800.
DSVD: a tensor-based image compression and recognition method

Optimal dimensionality reduction of a single matrix is given by the truncated singular value decomposition, and optimal compression of a set of vector data is given by the principal component analysis. We present, in this paper, a dyadic singular value decomposition (DSVD) which gives a near-optimal dimensionality reduction of a set of matrix data and apply it to image compression and face recognition. The DSVD algorithm is derived from the higher-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) of a third-order tensor and gives an analytical solution of a low-rank approximation problem for data matrices. The DSVD outperforms the other dimensionality reduction methods in the computational speed and accuracy in image compression. Its face recognition rate is higher than the eigenface method.
The determinants of food choice 06

The complexity of food choice is obvious from the list above, which is in itself not exhaustive. Food choice factors also vary according to life stage and the power of one factor will vary from one individual or group of people to the next. Thus, one type of intervention to modify food choice behaviour will not suit all population groups. Rather, interventions need to be geared towards different groups of the population with consideration to the many factors influencing their decisions on food choice.
Barriers to reducing urinary catheter use: a qualitative assessment of a statewide initiative.

IMPORTANCE
Preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), a common health care-associated infection, is important for improving the care of hospitalized patients and in meeting the goals for reduction of health care-associated infections set by the US Department of Health and Human Services.


OBJECTIVE
To identify ways to enhance CAUTI prevention efforts based on the experiences of hospitals participating in the Michigan Health and Hospital Association Keystone Center for Patient Safety statewide program to reduce unnecessary use of urinary catheters (the Bladder Bundle).


DESIGN
Qualitative assessment of data collected through semistructured telephone interviews with key informants at 12 hospitals and in-person interviews and site visits at 3 of the 12 hospitals. The analysis focused on perceptions and key issues identified by hospitals as influencing implementation of CAUTI prevention practices as recommended by the Bladder Bundle initiative.


SETTING
Twelve purposefully sampled hospitals in Michigan.


PARTICIPANTS
Key informants including infection preventionists, clinical personnel, and senior executives.


RESULTS
Common barriers to Bladder Bundle implementation and appropriate urinary catheter use included (1) difficulty with nurse and physician engagement, (2) patient and family request for indwelling catheters, and (3) catheter insertion practices and customs in the emergency department. Strategies to address these barriers were also identified by several of the participating hospitals, including (1) incorporating urinary management (eg, planned toileting) as part of other patient safety programs, such as a fall reduction program, (2) explicitly discussing the risks of indwelling urinary catheters with patients and families, and (3) engaging with emergency department nurses and physicians to implement a process that ensures that appropriate indications for catheter use are followed.


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The Bladder Bundle program provides a model for implementing strategies to reduce CAUTI. These findings provide actionable information to inform CAUTI prevention-related activities in hospitals throughout the country.
Modeling urban growth in Atlanta using logistic regression

This study applied logistic regression to model urban growth in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area of Georgia in a GIS environment and to discover the relationship between urban growth and the driving forces. Historical land use/cover data of Atlanta were extracted from the 1987 and 1997 Landsat TM images. Multi-resolution calibration of a series of logistic regression models was conducted from 50 m to 300 m at intervals of 25 m. A fractal analysis pointed to 225 m as the optimal resolution of modeling. The following two groups of factors were found to affect urban growth in different degrees as indicated by odd ratios: (1) population density, distances to nearest urban clusters, activity centers and roads, and high/low density urban uses (all with odds ratios < 1); and (2) distance to the CBD, number of urban cells within a 7 · 7 cell window, bare land, crop/grass land, forest, and UTM northing coordinate (all with odds ratios > 1). A map of urban growth probability was calculated and used to predict future urban patterns. Relative operating characteristic (ROC) value of 0.85 indicates that the probability map is valid. It was concluded that despite logistic regression’s lack of temporal dynamics, it was spatially explicit and suitable for multi-scale analysis, and most importantly, allowed much deeper understanding of the forces driving the growth and the formation of the urban spatial pattern. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Substrate-dependent modulation of CYP3A4 catalytic activity: analysis of 27 test compounds with four fluorometric substrates.

Inhibition of cytochrome P450 catalytic activity is a principal mechanism for pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. Rapid, in vitro testing for cytochrome P450 inhibition potential is part of the current paradigm for identifying drug candidates likely to give such interactions. We have explored the extent that qualitative and quantitative inhibition parameters are dependent on the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 probe substrate. Inhibition potential (e.g., IC(50) values from 8-point inhibition curves) or activation potential for most compounds varied dramatically depending on the fluorometric probe substrates for CYP3A4 [benzyloxyresorufin (BzRes), 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (BFC), 7-benzyloxyquinoline (BQ), and dibenzylfluorescein (DBF)]. For 21 compounds that were primarily inhibitors, the range of IC(50) values for the four substrates varied from 2.1- to 195-fold with an average of 29-fold. While the rank order of sensitivity among the fluorometric substrates varied among the individual inhibitors, on average, BFC dealkylation was the most sensitive to inhibition, while BQ dealkylation was least sensitive. Partial inhibition was observed with BzRes and BQ but not for BFC and DBF. BzRes was more prone to activation, whereas dramatic changes in IC(50) values were observed when the BQ concentration was below the S(50). Three different correlation analyses indicated that IC(50) values with BFC, BQ, and DBF correlated well with each other, whereas the response with BzRes correlated more weakly with the other substrates. One of these correlation analyses was extended to the percent inhibition of 10 microM inhibitor with the standard CYP3A4 probe substrates testosterone, midazolam, and nifedipine. In this analysis the responses with BQ, BFC and DBF correlated well with testosterone and midazolam but more poorly with nifedipine. In the aggregate, BFC and DBF appear more suitable as an initial screen for CYP3A4 inhibition. However, the substrate-dependent effects reported here and by others indicate that all CYP3A4 inhibition data should be interpreted with caution.
Towards cyberactivism 2.0? Understanding the use of social media and other information technologies for political activism and social movements

Available online 7 August 2014
Geometric parameters optimization of planar interdigitated electrodes for bioimpedance spectroscopy

This paper is concerned with a physical model of an interdigitated sensor working in a frequency range from 100 Hz to 10 MHz. A theoretical approach is proposed to optimize the use of the sensor for bioimpedance spectroscopy. The correlation between design parameters and frequency behavior in coplanar impedance sensors are described. CoventorWare software was used to model the biological medium loaded interdigital sensor in three dimensions to measure its electrical impedance. Complete system simulation by a finite element method (FEM) was used for sensor sensitivity optimization. The influence of geometrical parameters (number of fingers, width of the electrodes) on the impedance spectroscopy of the biological medium was studied. The simulation results are in agreement with the theoretical equations of optimization. Thus, it is possible to design a priori such sensor by taking into account the biological medium of interest that will load the sensor.
The Date of Interbreeding between Neandertals and Modern Humans

Comparisons of DNA sequences between Neandertals and present-day humans have shown that Neandertals share more genetic variants with non-Africans than with Africans. This could be due to interbreeding between Neandertals and modern humans when the two groups met subsequent to the emergence of modern humans outside Africa. However, it could also be due to population structure that antedates the origin of Neandertal ancestors in Africa. We measure the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the genomes of present-day Europeans and find that the last gene flow from Neandertals (or their relatives) into Europeans likely occurred 37,000-86,000 years before the present (BP), and most likely 47,000-65,000 years ago. This supports the recent interbreeding hypothesis and suggests that interbreeding may have occurred when modern humans carrying Upper Paleolithic technologies encountered Neandertals as they expanded out of Africa.
Nurse management for hypertension. A systems approach.

BACKGROUND
Standard office-based approaches to controlling hypertension show limited success. Such suboptimal hypertension control reflects in part the absence of both an infrastructure for patient education and frequent, regular blood pressure (BP) monitoring. We tested the efficacy of a physician-directed, nurse-managed, home-based system for hypertension management with standardized algorithms to modulate drug therapy, based on patients' reports of home BP.


METHODS
We randomized outpatients requiring drug therapy for hypertension according to the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) criteria to receive usual medical care only (UC, n = 76) or usual care plus nurse care management intervention (INT, n = 74) over a 6-month period.


RESULTS
Patients receiving INT achieved greater reductions in office BP values at 6 months than those receiving UC: 14.2 +/- 18.1 versus 5.7 +/- 18.7 mm Hg systolic (P < .01) and 6.5 +/- 10.0 versus 3.4 +/- 7.9 mm Hg diastolic, respectively (P < .05). At 6 months, we observed one or more changes in drug therapy in 97% of INT patients versus 43% of UC patients, and 70% of INT patients received two or more drugs versus 46% of UC. Average daily adherence to medication, measured by electronic drug event monitors, was superior among INT subjects (mean +/- SD, 80.5% +/- 23.0%) than among UC subjects (69.2 +/- 31.1%; t(113) = 2.199, P = .03). There were no significant adverse drug reactions in either group.


CONCLUSIONS
Telephone-mediated nurse management can successfully address many of the systems-related and patient-related issues that limit pharmacotherapeutic effectiveness for hypertension.
The Political Psychology of Rational Choice Theory

EDITOR'S NOTE: It is with some sadness that we publish the following article, one of the last pieces written by William Riker. Bill did more than any other single person to encourage the use of rational choice theory within political science. This article reflects Bill's belief that rational choice theory provides the only scientific basis for social theory. My thanks to Ken Shepsle and Bernie Grofman for editing the final manuscript.
Gabor filter assisted energy efficient fast learning Convolutional Neural Networks

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are being increasingly used in computer vision for a wide range of classification and recognition problems. However, training these large networks demands high computational time and energy requirements; hence, their energy-efficient implementation is of great interest. In this work, we reduce the training complexity of CNNs by replacing certain weight kernels of a CNN with Gabor filters. The convolutional layers use the Gabor filters as fixed weight kernels, which extracts intrinsic features, with regular trainable weight kernels. This combination creates a balanced system that gives better training performance in terms of energy and time, compared to the standalone CNN (without any Gabor kernels), in exchange for tolerable accuracy degradation. We show that the accuracy degradation can be mitigated by partially training the Gabor kernels, for a small fraction of the total training cycles. We evaluated the proposed approach on 4 benchmark applications. Simple tasks like face detection and character recognition (MNIST and TiCH), were implemented using LeNet architecture. While a more complex task of objet recognition (CIFAR10) was implemented on a state-of-the-art deep CNN (Network in Network) architecture. The proposed approach yields 1.31–1.53× improvement in training energy in comparison to conventional CNN implementation. We also obtain improvement up to 1.4× in training time, up to 2.23× in storage requirements, and up to 2.2× in memory access energy. The accuracy degradation suffered by the approximate implementations is within 0– 3% of the baseline.
Quality Teaching of Mathematical Modelling: What Do We Know, What Can We Do?

The topic of this paper is mathematical modelling or—as it is often, more broadly, called—applications and modelling. This has been an important topic in mathematics education during the last few decades, beginning in particular with Henry Pollak’s survey lecture (Pollak 1979) at ICME-3, Karlsruhe 1976 (my first ICME). By using the term “applications and modelling”, both the products and the processes in the interplay between the real world and mathematics are addressed. In this paper, I will try to summarize some important aspects, in particular, concerning the teaching of applications and modelling. For obvious reasons, I have to restrict myself and hence omit some important aspects, such as gender issues or the question of how to embed applications and modelling in curricula and lessons. My paper is mainly a survey, only occasionally I can go into depth. I will concentrate on the secondary school level. I hope it will become clear that we have made considerable progress in the field during the last few decades, both theoretically and empirically, although still a lot remains to be done. For those who would like to find more on this topic I would refer to ICMI Study 14 on Modelling and Applications in Mathematics Education (Blum et al. 2007) where one can also find a short history of the field. Further, I would refer to the Proceedings of the ICTMA conference series (the International Conferences on the Teaching of Mathematical Modelling and Applications), held biennially since 1983. One can see how dynamically the filed develops by only looking at the number of papers in these books (see the last two Volumes: Kaiser et al. 2011, and Stillman et al. 2013). In this paper, I will switch between theoretical aspects (Parts 2 and 4) and empirical aspects (Parts 3, 5–7). Part 8 is on teacher education, and I will start and close with concrete examples (Parts 1 and 9).
Adsmith: An Efficient Object-Based Distributed Shared Memory System On Pvm

In this paper, we describe an object-based distributed shared memory called Adsmith. In an object-based DSM, the shared memory consists of many shared objects , through which the shared memory is accessed. Adsmith is built on top of PVM at the library layer using C++. PVM is used as the communication subsystem because it is a de facto standard and encapsulates many system related details. Several mechanisms are used to improve the performance of Adsmith, such as release memory consistency, load/store-like memory accesses, nonblocking accesses, and atomic operations, etc. Performance results show that even though Ad-smith is implemented on top of PVM, programs running on Adsmith can achieve a performance comparable with those running directly on PVM.
Serial optical frequency domain imaging in STEMI patients: the follow-up report of TROFI study.

AIMS
To investigate the incidence of incomplete stent apposition and to explore the impact of the presence of thrombus and protruding plaque after stent implantation on neointima formation at follow-up in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with serial optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) investigations.


METHODS AND RESULTS
In a multi-centre study, 141 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction <12 h from onset were randomized to either PPCI with thrombectomy (TB) using an Eliminate catheter (TB: n = 71) or without TB (non-TB: n = 70). OFDI after drug-eluting stenting was performed using TERUMO OFDI system. Per protocol, at follow-up 49 patients segments were reimaged. At post-procedure and follow-up, there were no differences in stent and lumen areas between the two groups. At follow-up, per strut-level analysis, percentage of incompletely apposed struts was 0.42 ± 0.94 vs. 0.38 ± 0.77% (P = 0.76), and percentage of covered struts was 92.7 ± 7.2 vs. 94.4 ± 9.2% (P = 0.47) in the TB and non-TB groups, respectively. There was a positive correlation between intra-stent structure (ISS) volume at post-procedure and the neointima volume at 6-month follow-up (Pearson's r = 0.409, P = 0.04). Up to 12 months, there have been two and four patients having target vessel failure in the TB and in the non-TB groups, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with STEMI, there were no significant differences in OFDI parameters between TB and non-TB groups at both post-procedure and 6-month follow-up. However, ISS volume at post-procedure was positively associated with neointimal volume at 6-month follow-up.
A comprehensive, stage-sensitive model of grief in dementia caregiving.

PURPOSE
Grief is an overlooked but important element of the caregiver experience. This study defines a model of caregiver grief to aid in clinical intervention and to support further research.


DESIGN AND METHODS
This study addressed the grief responses of 87 spouse and adult-child caregivers of patients with progressive dementia representing mild, moderate, severe, and postdeath. Questionnaire data and qualitative findings from 16 semistructured focus group interviews provide the basis for a descriptive model of anticipatory grief in dementia caregiving.


RESULTS
Significant differences emerged between spouse and adult-child caregiver groups as a whole and as a function of Clinical Dementia Rating impairment level. Caregiver grief was found to fluctuate between intellectual, affective, and existential poles depending upon current care demands and expectations.


IMPLICATIONS
These findings suggest that anticipatory grief in dementia caregiving is "real" grief, equivalent in intensity and breadth to death-related grief.
Clinical and radiographic predictors of the etiology of pulmonary nodules in HIV-infected patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
To determine the etiology and the clinical and radiographic predictors of the etiology of pulmonary nodules in a group of HIV-infected patients.


DESIGN
Retrospective analysis.


SETTING
A large urban hospital in San Francisco, CA.


PATIENTS
HIV-infected patients evaluated at San Francisco General Hospital from June 1, 1993, through December 31, 1997, having one or more pulmonary nodules on chest CT.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Three physicians reviewed medical records for clinical data and final diagnoses. Three chest radiologists blinded to clinical data reviewed chest CTs. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine clinical and radiographic predictors of having an opportunistic infection and the specific diagnoses of bacterial pneumonia and tuberculosis.


RESULTS
Eighty seven of 242 patients (36%) had one or more pulmonary nodules on chest CT. Among these 87 patients, opportunistic infections were the underlying etiology in 57 patients; bacterial pneumonia (30 patients) and tuberculosis (14 patients) were the most common infections identified. Multivariate analysis identified fever, cough, and size of nodules < 1 cm on chest CT as independent predictors of having an opportunistic infection. Furthermore, a history of bacterial pneumonia, symptoms for 1 to 7 days, and size of nodules < 1 cm on CT independently predicted a diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia; a history of homelessness, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy on CT independently predicted a diagnosis of tuberculosis.


CONCLUSIONS
In HIV-infected patients having one or more pulmonary nodules on chest CT scan, opportunistic infections are the most common cause. Specific clinical and radiographic features can suggest particular opportunistic infections.
Static Characteristics of Novel Air-Cored Linear and Rotary Halbach Permanent Magnet Actuator

This paper investigates the static characteristics of a novel air-cored linear and rotary permanent magnet actuator (LRPMA) with a Halbach permanent magnet array. By the given magnetization distributions and boundary conditions in the cylindrical coordinate system, the magnetic field distributions of the actuator are analytically analyzed using the magnetic scalar potential and the modified BESSEL functions. A 3-D finite-element (FE) model is established to validate the correctness of the analytical results. Analytical linear electromagnetic force and rotary electromagnetic torque, respectively, are derived and verified using the FE method for the characterization and optimization design of the air-cored Halbach LRPMA.