LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
In wealthier countries, patients perceive worse impact of the disease although they have lower objectively assessed disease activity: results from the cross-sectional COMORA study.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate patterns in patient-reported and physician-reported disease outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from countries with different level of socioeconomic development.


METHODS
Data from a cross-sectional multinational study (COMOrbidities in RA) were used. Contribution of socioeconomic welfare (gross domestic product (GDP); low vs high) of country of residence to physician-reported (tender joint count, swollen joint count (SJC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, disease activity score based on 28 joints assessment (DAS28)-3v based on these three components and physician global assessment) and patient-reported (modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ), patient global assessment and fatigue) disease outcomes was explored in linear regressions, adjusting for relevant confounders.


RESULTS
In total, 3920 patients with RA from 17 countries (30 to 411 patients per country) were included, with mean age of 56 years (SD13) and 82% women. Mean SJC varied between 6.7 (Morocco) and 0.9 (The Netherlands), mean mHAQ ranged between 0.7 (Taiwan) and 1.5 (The Netherlands). Venezuela had the lowest (1.7) and the Netherlands the highest score on fatigue (5.0). In fully adjusted models, lower GDP was associated with worse physician-reported outcomes (1.85 and 2.84 more swollen and tender joints, respectively, and 1.0 point higher DAS28-3v), but only slightly worse performance-based patient-reported outcome (0.15 higher mHAQ), and with better evaluation-based patient-reported outcomes (0.43 and 0.97 points lower on patient global assessment and fatigue, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with RA, important differences in physician-reported and patient-reported outcomes across countries were seen, with overall a paradox of worse physician-reported outcomes but better patient-reported outcomes in low-income countries, while results indicate that these outcomes in multinational studies should be interpreted with caution. Research on explanatory factors of this paradox should include non-disease driven cultural factors influencing health.
Robotic Grasping and Contact: A Review

In this paper, we survey the eld of robotic grasping and the work that has been done in this area over the last two decades, with a slight bias toward the development of the theoretical framework and analytical results in this area.
Two-Sided Network Effects: A Theory of Information Product Design

How can firms profitably give away free products? This paper provides a novel answer and articulates tradeoffs in a space of information product design. We introduce a formal model of two-sided network externalities based in textbook economics—a mix of Katz & Shapiro network effects, price discrimination, and product differentiation. Externality-based complements, however, exploit a different mechanism than either tying or lock-in even as they help to explain many recent strategies such as those of firms selling operating systems, Internet browsers, games, music, and video. The model presented here argues for three simple but useful results. First, even in the absence of competition, a firm can rationally invest in a product it intends to give away into perpetuity. Second, we identify distinct markets for content providers and end consumers and show that either can be a candidate for a free good. Third, product coupling across markets can increase consumer welfare even as it increases firm profits. The model also generates testable hypotheses on the size and direction of network effects while offering insights to regulators seeking to apply antitrust law to network markets. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: We are grateful to participants of the 1999 Workshop on Information Systems and Economics, the 2000 Association for Computing Machinery SIG E-Commerce, the 2000 International Conference on Information Systems, the 2002 Stanford Institute for Theoretical Economics (SITE) workshop on Internet Economics, the 2003 Insitut D’Economie Industrielle second conference on “The Economics of the Software and Internet Industries,” as well as numerous participants at university seminars. We wish to thank Tom Noe for helpful observations on oligopoly markets, Lones Smith, Kai-Uwe Kuhn, and Jovan Grahovac for corrections and model generalizations, Jeff MacKie-Mason for valuable feedback on model design and bundling, and Hal Varian for helpful comments on firm strategy and model implications. Frank Fisher provided helpful advice on and knowledge of the Microsoft trial. Jean Tirole provided useful suggestions and examples, particularly in regard to credit card markets. Paul Resnick proposed the descriptive term “internetwork” externality to describe two-sided network externalities. Tom Eisenmann provided useful feedback and examples. We also thank Robert Gazzale, Moti Levi, and Craig Newmark for their many helpful observations. This research has been supported by NSF Career Award #IIS 9876233. For an earlier version of the paper that also addresses bundling and competition, please see “Information Complements, Substitutes, and Strategic Product Design,” November 2000, http://ssrn.com/abstract=249585.
Social media use in medical education: a systematic review.

PURPOSE
The authors conducted a systematic review of the published literature on social media use in medical education to answer two questions: (1) How have interventions using social media tools affected outcomes of satisfaction, knowledge, attitudes, and skills for physicians and physicians-in-training? and (2) What challenges and opportunities specific to social media have educators encountered in implementing these interventions?


METHOD
The authors searched the MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases (from the start of each through September 12, 2011) using keywords related to social media and medical education. Two authors independently reviewed the search results to select peer-reviewed, English-language articles discussing social media use in educational interventions at any level of physician training. They assessed study quality using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument.


RESULTS
Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria. Interventions using social media tools were associated with improved knowledge (e.g., exam scores), attitudes (e.g., empathy), and skills (e.g., reflective writing). The most commonly reported opportunities related to incorporating social media tools were promoting learner engagement (71% of studies), feedback (57%), and collaboration and professional development (both 36%). The most commonly cited challenges were technical issues (43%), variable learner participation (43%), and privacy/security concerns (29%). Studies were generally of low to moderate quality; there was only one randomized controlled trial.


CONCLUSIONS
Social media use in medical education is an emerging field of scholarship that merits further investigation. Educators face challenges in adapting new technologies, but they also have opportunities for innovation.
The effect of suture-button fixation on simulated syndesmotic malreduction: a cadaveric study.

BACKGROUND
The accuracy of reduction of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis disruptions has been associated with the clinical outcome. Suture-button fixation of the syndesmosis is a dynamic alternative mode of fixation. We hypothesized that with deliberate clamp-induced malreduction, suture-button fixation of the syndesmosis would allow a more anatomic post-fixation position compared with screw fixation.


METHODS
Forty-eight syndesmotic fixations were performed on twelve through-knee cadaveric specimens. The syndesmosis was destabilized and off-axis clamping was used to produce both anterior and posterior malreduction patterns. In twelve scenarios (six anterior and six posterior malreductions), syndesmotic screw fixation was used, followed by computed tomography. With tenacula holding the malreduction, the syndesmosis screws were exchanged for a suture-button construct and the specimens underwent a subsequent computed tomography scan. In the other twelve scenarios, the suture-button fixation was achieved first, followed by screw fixation. Standardized measurements of anterior-posterior and medial-lateral fibular displacement were performed by two observers blinded to the method of fixation.


RESULTS
With anterior off-axis clamping, the mean sagittal malreduction was 2.7 ± 2.0 mm with screw fixation and 1.0 ± 1.0 mm with suture-button fixation (p = 0.02). With posterior off-axis clamping, the sagittal malreduction was 7.2 ± 2.3 mm with screw fixation and 0.5 ± 1.4 mm with suture-button fixation (p < 0.01). No differences were observed between fixation types in the coronal plane (p = 0.20 for anterior malreductions and p = 0.06 for posterior malreductions).


CONCLUSIONS
With deliberate malreduction in a cadaver model, suture-button fixation of the syndesmosis results in less post-fixation displacement compared with screw fixation. The suture button's ability to allow for natural correction of deliberate malreduction was greatest with posterior off-axis clamping.


CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Although the clinical relevance is unknown, dynamic syndesmotic fixation may mitigate clamp-induced malreduction.
Understanding intention to continuously share information on weblogs

Purpose – Weblogs, or blogs, have been a significant new development in recent years. Many businesses have begun using blogs to stimulate discussions, garner ideas, and provide further visibility. Thus, blog usage as well as individual motives behind continued usage is an important area of research. This research aims to examine behavioral motivations underlying individual intention to keep using blogs. Design/methodology/approach – Based on social cognitive theory and related technology adoption literature, this study considered knowledge self-efficacy, subjective norms, feedback, and personal outcome expectations as the determinants of continuing to share information on blogs. The proposed model was empirically evaluated using randomized survey data collected from 155 users of a popular web site in Taiwan (WRETCH blog). Findings – The results revealed that although both self-efficacy and personal outcome expectations affected directly the intention of sharing information on blogs, personal outcome expectations had stronger impacts on behavioral intention. In addition, social persuasion has no direct but indirect impact via self-efficacy and personal outcome expectations on the intention of sharing information. Practical implications – This study contributes to a theoretical understanding of the factors that promote the usage of weblogs. For web log service providers, the results help them better develop tools to enhance people’s intention to share information. Originality/value – The paper verifies the effect of knowledge self-efficacy, personal outcome expectations, and social persuasion on the behavior of blog users. Furthermore, it verifies the determinants of knowledge self-efficacy.
Dynamic integration of classifiers for handling concept drift

In the real world concepts are often not stable but change with time. A typical example of this in the biomedical context is antibiotic resistance, where pathogen sensitivity may change over time as new pathogen strains develop resistance to antibiotics that were previously effective. This problem, known as concept drift, complicates the task of learning a model from data and requires special approaches, different from commonly used techniques that treat arriving instances as equally important contributors to the final concept. The underlying data distribution may change as well, making previously built models useless. This is known as virtual concept drift. Both types of concept drifts make regular updates of the model necessary. Among the most popular and effective approaches to handle concept drift is ensemble learning, where a set of models built over different time periods is maintained and the best model is selected or the predictions of models are combined, usually according to their expertise level regarding the current concept. In this paper we propose the use of an ensemble integration technique that would help to better handle concept drift at an instance level. In dynamic integration of classifiers, each base classifier is given a weight proportional to its local accuracy with regard to the instance tested, and the best base classifier is selected, or the classifiers are integrated using weighted voting. Our experiments with synthetic data sets simulating abrupt and gradual concept drifts and with a real-world antibiotic resistance data set demonstrate that dynamic integration of classifiers built over small time intervals or fixed-sized data blocks can be significantly better than majority voting and weighted voting, which are currently the most commonly used integration techniques for handling concept drift with ensembles. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
An embodiment of stereo vision system for mobile robot for real-time measuring distance and object tracking

All these days, the active stereo vision system which can detect the certain object and measure the distance from the object through the camera's image have been studied. In the stereo vision system, it is the key point to search the certain object through the image and to track the object by controlling the motor which supports the camera based on the searched object information. Also, as the human being can estimate the distance from the object by using two eyes, the distance from the certain object can be estimated by using two cameras in the stereo vision system. When the certain object is located on the corner of image plane in the stereo vision system where the existing camera is fixed, an error occurs due to a lens's distortion, so reliability goes down. However, the cross stereo vision system always places the object in the middle of image and places the object in the middle of low distortion lens, so it can increase reliability of information gained from the system as its advantage. This paper is intended to implement the stereo vision system which can track the object and can measure the distance from the object in real time by applying the trigonometric measurement method and the robot kinematics to the cross-visual stereo vision system which is fabricate to be applied to the mobile robot and by distributing the controller's load, and to evaluate the performance by applying the mobile robot under an indoor lighting environment.
A novel attribute weighting algorithm for clustering high-dimensional categorical data

Due to data sparseness and attribute redundancy in high-dimensional data, clusters of objects often exist in subspaces rather than in the entire space. To effectively address this issue, this paper presents a new optimization algorithm for clustering high-dimensional categorical data, which is an extension of the k-modes clustering algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, a novel weighting technique for categorical data is developed to calculate two weights for each attribute (or dimension) in each cluster and use the weight values to identify the subsets of important attributes that categorize different clusters. The convergence of the algorithm under an optimization framework is proved. The performance and scalability of the algorithm is evaluated experimentally on both synthetic and real data sets. The experimental studies show that the proposed algorithm is effective in clustering categorical data sets and also scalable to large data sets owning to its linear time complexity with respect to the number of data objects, attributes or clusters. Crown Copyright & 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Facility location models for distribution system design

The design of the distribution system is a strategic issue for almost every company. The problem of locating facilities and allocating customers covers the core topics of distribution system design. Model formulations and solution algorithms which address the issue vary widely in terms of fundamental assumptions, mathematical complexity and computational performance. This paper reviews some of the contributions to the current state-of-the-art. In particular, continuous location models, network location models, mixed-integer programming models, and applications are summarized. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Creating cognitive tutors for collaborative learning: steps toward realization

Our long-term research goal is to provide cognitive tutoring of collaboration within a collaborative software environment. This is a challenging goal, as intelligent tutors have traditionally focused on cognitive skills, rather than on the skills necessary to collaborate successfully. In this paper, we describe progress we have made toward this goal. Our first step was to devise a process known as bootstrapping novice data (BND), in which student problem-solving actions are collected and used to begin the development of a tutor. Next, we implemented BND by integrating a collaborative software tool, Cool Modes, with software designed to develop cognitive tutors (i.e., the cognitive tutor authoring tools). Our initial implementation of BND provides a means to directly capture data as a foundation for a collaboration tutor but does not yet fully support tutoring. Our next step was to perform two exploratory studies in which dyads of students used our integrated BND software to collaborate in solving modeling tasks. The data collected from these studies led us to identify five dimensions of collaborative and problem-solving behavior that point to the need for abstraction of student actions to better recognize, analyze, and provide feedback on collaboration. We also interviewed a domain expert who provided evidence for the advantage of bootstrapping over manual creation of a collaboration tutor. We discuss plans to use these analyses to inform and extend our tools so that we can eventually reach our goal of tutoring collaboration.
Atomoxetine hydrochloride in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder: A placebo-controlled Italian study

OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of atomoxetine in improving ADHD and ODD symptoms in paediatric patients with ADHD and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), non-responders to previous psychological intervention with parent support.


METHODS
This was a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial conducted in patients aged 6-15 years, with ADHD and ODD diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria by a structured clinical interview (K-SADS-PL). Only subjects who are non-responders to a 6-week standardized parent training were randomised to atomoxetine (up to 1.2 mg/kg/day) or placebo (in a 3:1 ratio) for the following 8-week double blind phase.


RESULTS
Only 2 of the 156 patients enrolled for the parent support phase (92.9% of males; mean age: 9.9 years), improved after the parent training program; 139 patients were randomised for entering in the study and 137 were eligible for efficacy analysis. At the end of the randomised double blind phase, the mean changes in the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Rating Scale-Revised (SNAP-IV) ADHD subscale were -8.1+/-9.2 and -2.0+/-4.7, respectively in the atomoxetine and in the placebo group (p<0.001 between groups); changes in the ODD subscale were -2.7+/-4.1 and -0.3+/-2.6, respectively in the two groups (p=0.001 between groups). The CGI-ADHD-S score decreased in the atomoxetine group (median change at endpoint: -1.0) compared to no changes in the placebo group (p<0.001 between groups). Statistically significant differences between groups, in favour of atomoxetine, were found in the CHIP-CE scores for risk avoidance domain, emotional comfort and individual risk avoidance subdomains. An improvement in all the subscales of Conners Parents (CPRS-R:S) and Teacher (CTRS-R:S) subscales was observed with atomoxetine, except in the cognitive problems subscale in the CTRS-R:S. Only 3 patients treated with atomoxetine discontinued the study due to adverse events. No clinically significant changes of body weight, height and vital signs were observed in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with atomoxetine of children and adolescents with ADHD and ODD, who did not initially respond to parental support, was associated with improvements in symptoms of ADHD and ODD, and general health status. Atomoxetine was well tolerated.
Comparison of ketorolac and diclofenac in the treatment of renal colic

Objective: To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of ketorolac and diclofenac in the treatment of renal colic. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 57 patients admitted to the emergency room for renal colic, received either 30 mg of ketorolac or 75 mg of diclofenac i.m. (intramuscularly). Evaluations were performed at 1, 2 h and 6 h after treatment. Pain was assessed by a four-point verbal rating scale (VRS) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). Only patients with at least moderate pain according to the VRS were included. Seventy-five milligrams of pethidine i.m. was given as rescue medicine, if insufficient analgesia was achieved. The adverse effects recorded were sedation, nausea and vomiting. Results: There was no significant difference between ketorolac and diclofenac, with respect to pain level over time, the number of patients requiring rescue medicine, or the level of adverse effects. Conclusion: Ketorolac and diclofenac are equally effective in the treatment of renal colic.
Improved inertia and frequency support from grid-connected DFIG wind farms

Several techniques have been suggested to enhance the ability of multi-megawatt DFIG wind turbines to contribute in arresting system frequency decay and provide primary control power upon power imbalances. Among such techniques, the capability of temporary active power over-production was shown to be useful in limiting the initial frequency dip in hydro dominated systems. However, the excess active power production is followed by an acceleration period whose negative effect on system frequency profile is analyzed herein. This paper suggests an improved technique generalized for slow-response power systems. This technique not only avoids the acceleration period, but also reduces the frequency excursion and injects primary frequency control power until secondary control takes up the power imbalance. Moreover, a means of obtaining a power reserve from DFIG WFs at low wind speed is analyzed and quantified. The dynamic model of a sample slow-response power system is built in which all the presented techniques are tested for different wind penetration levels. The results of calculations indicate the reduced frequency nadir and improved support obtained from DFIG-WFs for all wind speeds, in a manner compliant with the current requirements of system operators.