LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Telephone case management reduces both distress and psychiatric hospitalization.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to improve the health care of people repeatedly admitted to private hospitals.


METHOD
An open trial in which frequent utilizers were offered telephone case management over a 12 month period, was conducted.


RESULTS
An average of 24 phone calls were made to the 99 who remained in the programme for the 12 months. Psychological distress declined significantly over the 12 months, and the number of days in hospital was reduced compared to the previous year. The cost benefit ratio was 1:8.4.


CONCLUSIONS
The changes in well-being and hospitalization over the 12 months were substantial and are unlikely to be due to regression to the mean. A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing telephone case management with treatment as usual is indicated.
Caelus: Verifying the Consistency of Cloud Services with Battery-Powered Devices

Cloud storage services such as Amazon S3, Drop Box, Google Drive and Microsoft One Drive have become increasingly popular. However, users may be reluctant to completely trust a cloud service. Current proposals in the literature to protect the confidentiality, integrity and consistency of data stored in the cloud all have shortcomings when used on battery-powered devices -- they either require devices to be on longer so they can communicate directly with each other, rely on a trusted service to relay messages, or cannot provide timely detection of attacks. We propose Caelus, which addresses these shortcoming. The key insight that enables Caelus to do this is having the cloud service declare the timing and order of operations on the cloud service. This relieves Caelus devices from having to record and send the timing and order of operations to each other -- instead, they need to only ensure that the timing and order of operations both conforms to the cloud's promised consistency model and that it is perceived identically on all devices. In addition, we show that Caelus is general enough to support popular consistency models such as strong, eventual and causal consistency. Our experiments show that Caelus can detect consistency violations on Amazon's S3 service when the desired consistency requirements set by the user are stricter than what S3 provides. Caelus achieves this with a roughly 12.6% increase in CPU utilization on clients, 1.3% of network bandwidth overhead and negligible impact on the battery life of devices.
Cross‐Sectional Associations of Computed Tomography (CT)‐Derived Adipose Tissue Density and Adipokines: The Framingham Heart Study

BACKGROUND
Excess accumulation of abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with adverse levels of adipokines and cardiovascular disease risk. Whether fat quality is associated with adipokines has not been firmly established. This study examined the association between abdominal SAT and VAT density, an indirect measure of fat quality, with a panel of metabolic regulatory biomarkers secreted by adipose tissue or the liver independently of absolute fat volumes.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We evaluated 1829 Framingham Heart Study participants (44.9% women). Abdominal SAT and VAT density was estimated indirectly by adipose tissue attenuation using computed tomography. Adipokines included adiponectin, leptin receptor, leptin, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP-4), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4), and fetuin-A. Fat density was associated with all the biomarkers evaluated, except fetuin-A. Lower fat density (ie, more-negative fat attenuation) was associated with lower adiponectin and leptin receptor, but higher leptin and FABP-4 levels (all P<0.0001). SAT density was inversely associated with RPB-4 in both sexes, whereas the association between VAT density and RPB-4 was only observed in men (P<0.0001). In women, after additional adjustment for respective fat volume, SAT density retained the significant associations with adiponectin, leptin, FABP-4, and RBP-4; and VAT density with adiponectin only (all P<0.0001). In men, significant associations were maintained upon additional adjustment for respective fat volume (P<0.005).


CONCLUSIONS
Lower abdominal fat density was associated with a profile of biomarkers suggestive of greater cardiometabolic risk. These observations support that fat density may be a valid biomarker of cardiometabolic risk.
Monitor alarm fatigue: standardizing use of physiological monitors and decreasing nuisance alarms.

BACKGROUND
Reliance on physiological monitors to continuously "watch" patients and to alert the nurse when a serious rhythm problem occurs is standard practice on monitored units. Alarms are intended to alert clinicians to deviations from a predetermined "normal" status. However, alarm fatigue may occur when the sheer number of monitor alarms overwhelms clinicians, possibly leading to alarms being disabled, silenced, or ignored.


PURPOSE
Excessive numbers of monitor alarms and fear that nurses have become desensitized to these alarms was the impetus for a unit-based quality improvement project.


METHODS
Small tests of change to improve alarm management were conducted on a medical progressive care unit. The types and frequency of monitor alarms in the unit were assessed. Nurses were trained to individualize patients' alarm parameter limits and levels. Monitor software was modified to promote audibility of critical alarms.


RESULTS
Critical monitor alarms were reduced 43% from baseline data. The reduction of alarms could be attributed to adjustment of monitor alarm defaults, careful assessment and customization of monitor alarm parameter limits and levels, and implementation of an interdisciplinary monitor policy.


DISCUSSION
Although alarms are important and sometimes life-saving, they can compromise patients' safety if ignored. This unit-based quality improvement initiative was beneficial as a starting point for revamping alarm management throughout the institution.
Abandoning the dead donor rule? A national survey of public views on death and organ donation

Brain dead organ donors are the principal source of transplantable organs. However, it is controversial whether brain death is the same as biological death. Therefore, it is unclear whether organ removal in brain death is consistent with the 'dead donor rule', which states that organ removal must not cause death. Our aim was to evaluate the public's opinion about organ removal if explicitly described as causing the death of a donor in irreversible apneic coma. We conducted a cross-sectional internet survey of the American public (n=1096). Questionnaire domains included opinions about a hypothetical scenario of organ removal described as causing the death of a patient in irreversible coma, and items measuring willingness to donate organs after death. Some 71% of the sample agreed that it should be legal for patients to donate organs in the scenario described and 67% agreed that they would want to donate organs in a similar situation. Of the 85% of the sample who agreed that they were willing to donate organs after death, 76% agreed that they would donate in the scenario of irreversible coma with organ removal causing death. There appears to be public support for organ donation in a scenario explicitly described as violating the dead donor rule. Further, most but not all people who would agree to donate when organ removal is described as occurring after death would also agree to donate when organ removal is described as causing death in irreversible coma.
Practicing effectively in today's health system: teaching systems-based care.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The Institute of Medicine and the new Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education General Essentials have focused attention on the Undergraduate Medical Education for the 21st Century (UME-21) core content area of systems-based care. Through teaching systems-based care, medical students can learn how physicians effectively deliver and coordinate care within the health system. While medical students can be introduced to the organization, financing, and delivery of the health care system through lectures, the principles and practice of systems-based care must be reinforced through structured learning experiences during the clinical (ie, third and fourth) years. The purpose of this article is to define the undergraduate clinical content and experiences in systems-based care offered by the eight UME-21 partner schools.


METHODS
The eight partner UME-21 schools exposed third- and fourth-year medical students to a variety of clinical experiences outside the traditional teaching hospital in such settings as physician offices, skilled nursing facilities, the patient's home, hospice, and public health departments. They also taught systems-based care skills such as care coordination, performance assessment, and quality improvement.


RESULTS
Based on surveys of graduating students, the UME-21 programs were successful in exposing students to the aforementioned topics, though there was variability among schools.


DISCUSSION
The experiences of the UME-21 schools in teaching about systems-based care, as discussed in this paper, may be useful to those involved in medical school curricula planning.
A Survey of Mercury in Air and Precipitation across Canada: Patterns and Trends

Atmospheric mercury (Hg) measurements from across Canada were compiled and analysed as part of a national Hg science assessment. Here we update long-term trends of Hg in air and precipitation, and present more extensive measurements on patterns and trends in speciated Hg species (gaseous elemental mercury—GEM, reactive gaseous mercury—RGM, and total particulate mercury on particles <2.5 μm—TPM2.5) at several sites. A spatial analysis across Canada revealed higher air concentrations and wet OPEN ACCESS Atmosphere 2014, 5 636 deposition of Hg in the vicinity of local and regional emission sources, and lower air concentrations of Hg at mid-latitude maritime sites compared to continental sites. Diel and seasonal patterns in atmospheric GEM, RGM and TPM2.5 concentrations reflected differences in patterns of anthropogenic emissions, photo-induced surface emissions, chemistry, deposition and mixing. Concentrations of GEM decreased at rates ranging from −0.9% to −3.3% per year at all sites where measurements began in the 1990s. Concentrations of total Hg in precipitation declined up to 3.7% yr. Trends in RGM and TPM2.5 were less clear due to shorter measurement periods and low concentrations, however, in spring at the high Arctic site (Alert) when RGM and TPM2.5 concentrations were high, concentrations of both increased by 7%–10% per year.
Anomaly Detection for Cybersecurity of the Substations

Cybersecurity of the substations in a power system is a major issue as the substations become increasingly dependent on computer and communication networks. This paper is concerned with anomaly detection in the computer network environment of a substation. An anomaly inference algorithm is proposed for early detection of cyber-intrusions at the substations. The potential scenario of simultaneous intrusions launched over multiple substations is considered. The proposed detection method considers temporal anomalies. Potential intrusion events are ranked based on the credibility impact on the power system. Snapshots of anomaly entities at substations are described. Simulation results using the modified IEEE 118-bus system have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method for systematic identification. The result of this research is a tool to detect cyber-intrusions that are likely to cause significant damages to the power grid.
Synthesis of band-gap tunable earth-abundant CXTS (X= Mn+2, Co+2, Ni+2 and Zn+2) nanorods: Toward a generalized synthesis strategy of quaternary chalcogenides

Abstract Quaternary structured Cu 2 XSnS 4 (CXTS) nanostructures are important semiconductor materials for energy applications due to their excellent properties such as being earth abundant elements, nontoxic nature and easy production. Here, we first report a general process for the synthesis of quaternary CXTS nanorods by the simple and inexpensive hot-injection method. The chemical structure, morphology, optical, and thermal properties of the CXTS were investigated by XRD, TEM, UV–Vis, FTIR and TGA techniques. These results clearly show that the obtained materials have the same crystal structure and are shaped as nanorods with an average 10–40 nm edge length. This study shows that all of the CXTS nanorods can be synthesized by the same synthesis conditions through the simple and facile hot-injection process.
Morphological constrained feature enhancement with adaptive cepstral compensation (MCE-ACC) for speech recognition in noise and Lombard effect

The use of present-day speech recognition techniques in many practical applications has demonstrated the need for improved algorithm formulation under varying acoustical environments. This paper describes a low-vocabulary speech recognition algorithm that provides robust performance in noisy environments with particular emphasis on characteristics due to the Lombard effect. A neutral aod stressed-based source generator framework is established to achieve improved speech parameter characterization using a morphological constrained enhancement algorithm and stressed wurce compensation, which is unique for each source generator across a stressed speaking class. The algorithm uses a noise-adaptive boundary detector to obtain a sequence of source generator classes, which is used to direct noise parameter enhancement and stress compensation. This allows the parameter enhancement and stress compensation schemes to adapt to changing speech generator types. A phonetic consistency rule is also employed based on input source generator partitioning. Algorithm performance evaluation is demonstrated for noise-free and nine noisy Lomhard speech conditions that include additive white Gaussian noise, slowly vr~ying computer fan noise, and aircraft cockpit no&. System performane is compared with a traditional diserete-observation recognizer with no embellishments. Recognition rates are shown to increase from an average 36.7% for a baseline recognizer to 74.7% for the new algorithm (a 38% improvement). The new algorithm is also shown to be more consistent, as demonstrated by a decrease in standard deviation of recognition from 21.1 to 11.9 and a reduction in confusable word-pairs under noisy, Lombard-effect stressed speaking conditions.
The Hofstede model Applications to global branding and advertising strategy and research

versus concrete thinking Whereas in individualistic cultures brands are made by adding values or abstract personality traits to products, members of collectivistic cultures are more interested in concrete product features than in abstract brands because they are less used to conceptual thinking. for members of collectivistic cultures where context and situation are important, the brand concept is too abstract to be discussed the way members of individualistic cultures do. The Reader’s Digest Trusted Brands survey in 2002 asked people in 18 different countries in europe about the probability of buying unknown brands. The responses ‘extremely/quite likely to consider buying a brand which I’ve heard of but haven’t tried before’ correlated significantly with individualism (r = 0.82***).2 Instead of adding abstract personal characteristics to the product, in collectivistic cultures the brand is linked to concrete persons, in Japan called talents (Praet 2001). Whereas American companies have developed product brands with unique characteristics, Japanese companies have generally emphasised the corporate brand. In essence, this means inspiring trust among consumers in a company and so persuading them to buy its products. As a result, Japanese and Korean companies, in their television advertisements, display corporate identity logos more frequently than do uS and German companies (Souiden et al. 2006). The unfamiliarity with abstract brand associations leads to variation when measuring brand equity of global brands across cultures. An important element of brand equity is consumer equity, which is measured in 2 for correlation analysis, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is used. Correlation analysis is one-tailed. Significance levels are indicated by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.005. Regression analysis is stepwise. The coefficient of determination or R2 is the indicator of the percentage of variance explained.
Combined buccal mucosa graft and dorsal penile skin flap for repair of severe hypospadias.

OBJECTIVES
Urethral reconstruction in severe hypospadias presents a great challenge. We have designed a method of combining a longitudinal dorsal island skin flap and buccal mucosa graft to create a neourethra in most severe hypospadias.


METHODS
Between January 2003 and March 2007, 17 patients (aged from 9 to 23 months) underwent severe hypospadias repair (13 penoscrotal and 4 scrotal hypospadias). Short urethral plate was divided in all cases and remaining curvature repaired by dorsal plication. We harvested and fixed a buccal mucosa graft to the ventral side of corpora cavernosa to be the first half of a neourethra. A longitudinal dorsal island skin flap was created and buttonholed ventrally. We sutured it together with the buccal mucosa graft to form the neourethra. We fixed the abundant flap pedicle laterally to cover all suture lines of the neourethra. We performed penile skin reconstruction using available penile skin.


RESULTS
The mean (range) follow-up was 25 (7 to 58) months. We achieved satisfactory, functional, and aesthetic results in 14 patients. In 3 cases urethral fistula (2) and distal stricture (1) required secondary treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Combined longitudinal island skin flap and buccal mucosa graft could be a good choice for urethral reconstruction in most severe hypospadias repairs.
Denufosol tetrasodium in patients with cystic fibrosis and normal to mildly impaired lung function.

RATIONALE
Intervention for cystic fibrosis lung disease early in its course has the potential to delay or prevent progressive changes that lead to irreversible airflow obstruction. Denufosol is a novel ion channel regulator designed to correct the ion transport defect and increase the overall mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis lung disease by increasing chloride secretion, inhibiting sodium absorption, and increasing ciliary beat frequency in the airway epithelium independently of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator genotype.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of denufosol in patients with cystic fibrosis who had normal to mildly impaired lung function characteristic of early cystic fibrosis.


METHODS
A total of 352 patients greater than or equal to 5 years old with cystic fibrosis who had FEV(1) greater than or equal to 75% of predicted normal were randomized to receive inhaled denufosol, 60 mg, or placebo three times daily in a Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week trial.


MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Main outcome measures included change in FEV(1) from baseline to Week 24 endpoint and adverse events. Mean change from baseline to Week 24 endpoint in FEV(1) (primary efficacy endpoint) was 0.048 L for denufosol (n = 178) and 0.003 L for placebo (n = 174; P = 0.047). No significant differences between groups were observed for secondary endpoints including exacerbation rate and other measures of lung function. Denufosol was well tolerated with adverse event and growth profiles similar to placebo.


CONCLUSIONS
Denufosol improved lung function relative to placebo in cystic fibrosis patients with normal to mildly impaired lung function. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00357279).
Local likelihood modeling by adaptive weights smoothing

The paper presents a unified approach to local likelihood estimation for a broad class of nonparametric models, including e.g. the regression, density, Poisson and binary response model. The method extends the adaptive weights smoothing (AWS) procedure introduced in Polzehl and Spokoiny (2000) in context of image denois-ing. Performance of the proposed procedure is illustrated by a number of numerical examples and applications to estimation of the tail index parameter, classification, density and volatility estimation. 1 2 local likelihood modeling by adaptive weights smoothing
Reducing Attack Surface on Cordova-based Hybrid Mobile Apps

Hybrid mobile application development is increasingly being adopted by the mobile development community since it provides the answer to the challenge of having the right mix of accessibility to mobile native features at an affordable development cost. Apache Cordova library is an example of a middle-ware that enables developers of different mobile operating systems to access mobile native features through web frameworks, such as HTML and JavaScript, which at the same time introduces several security challenges. In this paper, we highlight current security setting limitations of hybrid mobile frameworks and propose a policy based approach to provide limited access to the different pages/states of the app to mitigate the effect of possible attacks. In addition, we downloaded and analyzed 622 real hybrid apps, and presented settings and security statistics.
MORTALITY FROM CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN SUBJECTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND IN NONDIABETIC SUBJECTS WITH AND WITHOUT PRIOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

s of articles published since 1993. Single articles and past issues of the Journal can also be ordered for a fee through the Internet (http://www.nejm.org/customer/).
Analysis of a greedy active learning strategy

We abstract out the core search problem of active learning schemes, to better understand the extent to which adaptive labeling can improve sample complexity. We give various upper and lower bounds on the number of labels which need to be queried, and we prove that a popular greedy active learning rule is approximately as good as any other strategy for minimizing this number of labels.
Applications of data mining in retail business

The proliferation of computer in today's dynamic business environment has increased the demand and urgency of successful business organization to be able to react rapidly to the changing market demands both locally and globally, by utilizing the latest data mining techniques of extracting previously unknown and potentially useful information from vast resources of raw data. We highlight the application of data mining in retail business, and its pros and cons on consumers.
Adaptive fuzzy logic controller for DC-DC converters

This paper introduces a complete design method to construct an adaptive fuzzy logic controller (AFLC) for DC–DC converter. In a conventional fuzzy logic controller (FLC), knowledge on the system supplied by an expert is required for developing membership functions (parameters) and control rules. The proposed AFLC, on the other hand, do not required expert for making parameters and control rules. Instead, parameters and rules are generated using a model data file, which contains summary of input–output pairs. The FLC use Mamdani type fuzzy logic controllers for the defuzzification strategy and inference operators. The proposed controller is designed and verified by digital computer simulation and then implemented for buck, boost and buck–boost converters by using an 8-bit microcontroller. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.