LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Analysis-aware modeling : Understanding quality considerations in modeling for isogeometric analysis

Isogeometric analysis has been proposed as a methodology for bridging the gap between computer aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA). Although both the traditional and isogeometric pipelines rely upon the same conceptualization to solid model steps, they drastically differ in how they bring the solid model both to and through the analysis process. The isogeometric analysis process circumvents many of the meshing pitfalls experienced by the traditional pipeline by working directly within the approximation spaces used by the model representation. In this paper, we demonstrate that in a similar way as how mesh quality is used in traditional FEA to help characterize the impact of the mesh on analysis, an analogous concept of model quality exists within isogeometric analysis. The consequence of these observations is the need for a new area within modeling – analysis-aware modeling – in which model properties and parameters are selected to facilitate isogeometric analysis. ! 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Variations in risk perceptions: a qualitative study of why unnecessary urinary catheter use continues to be problematic

BACKGROUND
Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is one of the most commonly acquired health care associated infections within the United States. We examined the implementation of an initiative to prevent CAUTI, to better understand how health care providers' perceptions of risk influenced their use of prevention practices and the potential impact these risk perceptions have on patient care decisions. Understanding such perceptions are critical for developing more effective approaches to ensure the successful uptake of key patient safety practices and thus safer care for hospitalized patients.


METHODS
We conducted semi-structured phone and in-person interviews with staff from 12 hospitals. A total of 42 interviews were analyzed using open coding and a constant comparative approach. This analysis identified "risk" as a central theme and a "risk explanatory framework" was identified for its sensitizing constructs to organize and explain our findings.


RESULTS
We found that multiple perceptions of risk, some non-evidence based, were used by healthcare providers to determine if use of the indwelling urethral catheter was necessary. These risks included normative work where staff deal with competing priorities and must decide which ones to attend too; loosely coupled errors where negative outcomes and the use of urinary catheters were not clearly linked; process weaknesses where risk seemed to be related to both the existing organizational processes and the new initiative being implemented and; workarounds that consisted of health care workers developing workarounds in order to bypass some of the organizational processes created to dissuade catheter use.


CONCLUSIONS
Hospitals that are implementing patient safety initiatives aimed at reducing indwelling urethral catheters should be aware that the risk to the patient is not the only risk of perceived importance; implementation plans should be formulated accordingly.
A New Fast and Robust Method Based on Head Detection for People-Flow Counting System

This paper presents an implementation method for the people counting system which detects and tracks moving people using a fixed single camera. The main contribution of this paper is the novel head detection method based on body’s geometry. A novel body descriptor is proposed for finding people’s head which is defined as Body Feature Rectangle (BFR). First, a vertical projection method is used to get the line which divides touching persons into individuals. Second, a special inscribed rectangle is found to locate the neck position which describes the torso area. Third, locations of people’s heads can be got according to its neck-positions. Last, a robust counting method named MEA is proposed to get the real counts of walking people flows. The proposed method can divide the multiple-people image into individuals whatever people merge with each other or not. Moreover, the passing people can be counted accurately under the influence of wearing hats. Experimental results show that our proposed method can nearly reach to an accuracy of 100% if the number of a people-merging pattern is less than six. Keywords-People Counting; Head Detection; BFR; People-flow Tracking
Renal replacement therapy is an independent risk factor for mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury

INTRODUCTION
Outcome studies in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) have focused on differences between modalities of renal replacement therapy (RRT). The outcome of conservative treatment, however, has never been compared with RRT.


METHODS
Nine Belgian intensive care units (ICUs) included all adult patients consecutively admitted with serum creatinine >2 mg/dl. Included treatment options were conservative treatment and intermittent or continuous RRT. Disease severity was determined using the Stuivenberg Hospital Acute Renal Failure (SHARF) score. Outcome parameters studied were mortality, hospital length of stay and renal recovery at hospital discharge.


RESULTS
Out of 1,303 included patients, 650 required RRT (58% intermittent, 42% continuous RRT). Overall results showed a higher mortality (43% versus 58%) as well as a longer ICU and hospital stay in RRT patients compared to conservative treatment. Using the SHARF score for adjustment of disease severity, an increased risk of death for RRT compared to conservative treatment of RR = 1.75 (95% CI: 1.4 to 2.3) was found. Additional correction for other severity parameters (Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)), age, type of AKI and clinical conditions confirmed the higher mortality in the RRT group.


CONCLUSIONS
The SHARF study showed that the higher mortality expected in AKI patients receiving RRT versus conservative treatment can not only be explained by a higher disease severity in the RRT group, even after multiple corrections. A more critical approach to the need for RRT in AKI patients seems to be warranted.
Combining individual- and group-level exposure information: child carbon monoxide in the Guatemala woodstove randomized control trial.

BACKGROUND
Epidemiology frequently relies on surrogates of long-term exposures, often either individual-level short-term measurements or group-level based on long-term characteristics of subjects and their environment. Whereas individual-level measures are often imprecise due to within-subject variability, group-level measures tend to be inaccurate due to residual between-subject variability within groups. Rather than choose between these error-prone estimates, we borrow strength from each by use of mixed-model prediction and we compare the predictive validity.


METHODS
We compared alternative measures of long-term exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) among children in the RESPIRE woodstove randomized control trial during years 2003 and 2004. The main study included 1932 repeated 48-hour-average personal CO measures among 509 children from 0-18 months of age. We used a validation study with additional CO measures among a random subsample of 70 of the children to compare the predictive validity of individual-level estimates (based on observed short-term exposures), group-level estimates (based on stove type and other residential characteristics), and mixed-model predictions that combine these 2 sources of information.


RESULTS
The estimated error variance for mixed-model prediction was 63% lower than the individual-level measure based on the exposure data and 58% lower than the corresponding group-level measure.


CONCLUSIONS
When both individual- and group-level estimates are available but imperfect, mixed-model prediction may provide substantially better measures of long-term exposure, potentially increasing the sensitivity of epidemiologic studies to underlying causal relations.
Precipitating factors of heart failure admission: Differences related to age and left ventricular ejection fraction.

AIM
To evaluate precipitating factors (PF) of exacerbation in heart failure (HF) and their relationship with age, preserved vs. reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and short-term prognosis.


METHODS
We included and followed 2962 patients admitted with acute HF to Internal Medicine Units. Several PF were identified. Differences in PF according to preserved vs. reduced LVEF and age (patients≥80years vs. younger) were analyzed. Primary endpoints were readmission due to worsening HF and all-cause mortality at 3months follow-up. Multivariable Cox models were conducted to identify the independent predictors of 3-months mortality and readmission.


RESULTS
More than half of the patients were 80years and over, 47% were women and 61% had preserved LVEF. Atrial fibrillation (AF) and myocardial ischemia were the more common cause of decompensation among octogenarians. It was more frequent to find myocardial ischemia or non-adherence to treatment as precipitants in patients with systolic dysfunction. However, respiratory infections, AF and poor control of blood pressure were more usual in patients with preserved LVEF compared to those with LVEF <50%. Patients admitted for HF precipitated by myocardial ischemia had a higher risk of readmission at 3months (HR 1.49; CI 95%: 1.12-1.99, p=0.006) and the longest hospital stay (12days). PF showed no predictive value for mortality.


CONCLUSION
Myocardial ischemia as a PF was an independent marker for HF readmissions at 3-months follow-up. Precipitants are different depending on the age and LVEF of patients. Their identification could improve risk stratification and prevention strategies.
Phase I clinical trial of pegylated liposomal Doxorubicin and docetaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors.

OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) and docetaxel (T) administered in 4 week cycles in patients with advanced solid tumors.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients were treated with intravenous PLD on day 1 and T on days 1, 8, and 15. Once the MTD was reached the schedule of PLD was changed to days 1 and 15 to explore an alternative and potentially more manageable dosing schedule.


RESULTS
Thirty-two patients were enrolled. A total of 106 cycles (median, 2 cycles; range, <1-13 cycles) of chemotherapy were administered. Three patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities which were stomatitis, anorexia, esophagitis, neutropenic fever, fatigue, and muscular weakness. When PLD was given on day 1, the MTD was PLD 33 mg/m and T 30 mg/m. MTD was not reached when PLD was administered on days 1 and 15: only 1 of 6 patients treated with PLD 20 mg/m and T 30 mg/m developed dose-limiting toxicities. The most common grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity was grade 3 neutropenia in 5 patients and grade 4 in 5. Two patients developed neutropenic fever. The most common grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic toxicity was grade 3 fatigue in 9 patients and grade 4 in 1. There was 1 confirmed PR, 2 unconfirmed PRs, and 12 patients with SD.


CONCLUSIONS
This combination of PLD and T was found to be feasible and tolerable. The recommended dose for phase II studies is PLD 20 mg/m on days 1 and 15 and T 35 mg/m on days 1, 8, and 15.
IBM data governance solutions

This paper covers aspects of governing information data on enterprise level using IBM solutions. In particular it focus on one of the key elements of governance — data lineage for EU GDPR regulations.
Incumbency, Redistricting, and the Decline of Competition in U.S. House Elections

Competition in U.S. House elections has been declining for more than 50 years and, based on both incumbent reelection rates and the percentage of close races, the 2002 and 2004 House elections were the least competitive of the postwar era. This article tests three hypotheses that attempt to explain declining competition in House elections: the redistricting hypothesis, the partisan polarization hypothesis, and the incumbency hypothesis. We find strong support for both the partisan polarization hypothesis and the incumbency hypothesis but no support for the redistricting hypothesis. Since the 1970s there has been a substantial increase in the number of House districts that are safe for one party and a substantial decrease in the number of marginal districts. However, this shift has not been caused by redistricting but by demographic change and ideological realignment within the electorate. Moreover, even in the remaining marginal districts most challengers lack the financial resources needed to wage competitive campaigns. The increasing correlation among district partisanship, incumbency, and campaign spending means that the effects of these three variables tend to reinforce each other to a greater extent than in the past. The result is a pattern of reinforcing advantages that leads to extraordinarily uncompetitive elections.
An overview of occupational health research in India

Recent industrialization and globalizations are changing the Indian occupational morbidity drastically. Traditionally labor-oriented markets are on change towards more automation and mechanization, at the same time general awareness about occupational safety, occupational and environmental hazards were not spread in the society. This review will provide an overview of existing evidence from community based epidemiological studies and address the growing needs for evidence-based occupational health research in India. Review of all published results. Occupational research is seen as more complex issue in India, which Includes child labor; poor industrial legislation; vast informal sector; less attention to industrial hygiene and poor surveillance data across the country. While India experiencing economic transition, occupational research approach should balance between understanding the modern industrial exposures and health risks of traditional sectors like agriculture and plantations. Strategies like modern occupational health legislation, enforcement machinery in sub-district level, training to health professionals, need for epidemiological evidence and international collaborations were discussed to deal with the situation.
Cognitive impairment in Spinocerebellar ataxia type
10

Background
Cognitive and psychiatric dysfunction has been described in several neurodegenerative diseases but has not been systematically evaluated in spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10).


Objective
The aim of the present study was to investigate the core cognitive features in a large cohort of Brazilian patients with SCA10, comparing the results against a healthy control group.


Methods
Twenty-eight SCA10 and 28 healthy subjects were prospectively assessed regarding cognitive function and psychiatric disorders at the Movement Disorders Unit of the Federal University of Paraná between February 2012 and October 2014.


Results
The SCA10 group had worse depression scores, as well as cognitive performance, when compared to healthy individuals.


Conclusion
Our study showed mild cognitive and mood dysfunctions in patients with SCA10, consistent with the symptoms reported in the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome described by Schmahmann JD in 1998. The description of these findings is an important clinical phenomenon that may guide physicians in specific disease management and improve quality of life of these patients.
Insurance Status Among Adults With Hypertension—The Impact of Underinsurance

BACKGROUND
Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Health insurance coverage affects hypertension treatment and control, but limited information is available for US adults with hypertension who are classified as underinsured.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2013 data, we identified adults with self-reported hypertension. On the basis of self-reported health insurance status and health care-related financial burdens, participants were categorized as uninsured, underinsured, or adequately insured. Proxies for health care received included whether they reported taking antihypertensive medications and whether they visited a doctor for a routine checkup in the past year. We assessed the association between health insurance status and health care received, adjusting for selected sociodemographic characteristics. Among 123 257 participants from 38 states and District of Columbia with self-reported hypertension, 12% were uninsured, 26% were underinsured, and 62% were adequately insured. In adjusted models using adequately insured participants as referent, both uninsured (adjusted odds ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.35-0.43) and underinsured (0.83, 0.76-0.89) participants were less likely to report using antihypertensive medication than those of adequately insured participants. Similarly, adjusted odds ratio of visiting a doctor for routine checkup in the past year were 0.25 (0.23-0.28) for those who were uninsured and 0.78 (0.72-0.84) for those who were underinsured compared to those with adequate insurance.


CONCLUSIONS
Uninsured and underinsured participants with hypertension were less likely to report receiving care compared to those with adequate insurance coverage. Disparities in health care coverage may necessitate targeted interventions, even among people with health insurance.
Chemosensitivity and stratification by a five monoclonal antibody immunohistochemistry test in the NSABP B14 and B20 trials.

PURPOSE
To test the association between risk stratification and outcome in a prospectively designed, blinded retrospective study using tissue arrays of available paraffin blocks from the estrogen receptor-expressing, node-negative samples from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B14 and B20 tamoxifen and chemotherapy trials.


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Tissue arrays were stained by immunohistochemistry targeting p53, NDRG1, SLC7A5, CEACAM5, and HTF9C. Risk stratification was done using predefined scoring rules, algorithm for combining scores, and cutoff points for low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk patient strata.


RESULTS
In a univariate Cox model, this test was significantly associated with recurrence-free interval [HR, 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.6); P = 0.006]. In a multivariate model it contributed information independent of age, tumor size, and menopausal status (P = 0.007). The Kaplan-Meier estimates of the proportion of recurrence-free after 10 years were 73%, 86%, and 85% for the high-risk, moderate-risk, and low-risk groups (P = 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier estimates of the breast-cancer-specific-death rate were 23%, 10%, and 9% (P < 0.0001). Exploratory analysis in patients >/=60 years old showed Kaplan-Meier estimates of the proportion of recurrence-free of 78%, 89%, and 92%. Both high-risk and low-risk groups showed significant improvement on treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy.


CONCLUSIONS
Immunohistochemistry using five monoclonal antibodies assigns breast cancer patients to a risk index that was significantly associated with clinical outcome among the estrogen receptor-expressing, node-negative tamoxifen-treated patients. It seems that the test may be able to identify patients who have greater absolute benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy compared with unstratified patient populations. Exploratory analysis suggests that this test will be most useful in clinical decision making for postmenopausal patients.
Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance among US physicians relative to the general US population.

BACKGROUND
Despite extensive data about physician burnout, to our knowledge, no national study has evaluated rates of burnout among US physicians, explored differences by specialty, or compared physicians with US workers in other fields.


METHODS
We conducted a national study of burnout in a large sample of US physicians from all specialty disciplines using the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile and surveyed a probability-based sample of the general US population for comparison. Burnout was measured using validated instruments. Satisfaction with work-life balance was explored.


RESULTS
Of 27 276 physicians who received an invitation to participate, 7288 (26.7%) completed surveys. When assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, 45.8% of physicians reported at least 1 symptom of burnout. Substantial differences in burnout were observed by specialty, with the highest rates among physicians at the front line of care access (family medicine, general internal medicine, and emergency medicine). Compared with a probability-based sample of 3442 working US adults, physicians were more likely to have symptoms of burnout (37.9% vs 27.8%) and to be dissatisfied with work-life balance (40.2% vs 23.2%) (P < .001 for both). Highest level of education completed also related to burnout in a pooled multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, relationship status, and hours worked per week. Compared with high school graduates, individuals with an MD or DO degree were at increased risk for burnout (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; P < .001), whereas individuals with a bachelor's degree (OR, 0.80; P = .048), master's degree (OR, 0.71; P = .01), or professional or doctoral degree other than an MD or DO degree (OR, 0.64; P = .04) were at lower risk for burnout.


CONCLUSIONS
Burnout is more common among physicians than among other US workers. Physicians in specialties at the front line of care access seem to be at greatest risk.