LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Surgery in Professional Baseball Players.

BACKGROUND
While the high rate of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries in professional baseball is widely discussed in the media and medical literature, the actual prevalence of UCL reconstruction has not been documented.


HYPOTHESIS
The prevalence of UCL reconstruction will be higher among pitchers than nonpitchers, and Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers will have a higher prevalence than will minor league pitchers.


STUDY DESIGN
Descriptive epidemiology study.


METHODS
An online questionnaire was distributed to all 30 MLB organizations. Certified athletic trainers from each team administered the questionnaire to all players in the organization, including major league players and 6 levels of minor league players. Demographic data were compared between major and minor league players. Continuous variables (age, years of professional baseball, country of origin, etc) were compared with Student t tests (P < .05). Categorical variables (level, position, etc) were compared using chi-square analysis (P < .05).


RESULTS
A total of 5088 professional baseball players (722 major league and 4366 minor league) participated in the survey. Pitchers represented 53% of all players, and 497 players reported at least 1 UCL reconstruction, demonstrating a prevalence rate of 10% (497 of 5088). Pitchers reported a significantly higher prevalence of UCL reconstruction (16%; 437 of 2706) than nonpitchers (3%; 60 of 2382; P < .001). Among major league pitchers, 25% (96 of 382) had a history of UCL reconstruction, while minor league pitchers showed a 15% (341 of 2324) prevalence (P < .001). Major league pitchers were also significantly older (28.8 ± 3.9 years) than minor league pitchers (22.8 ± 3.0; P < .001). The majority of major leaguers (86%) had their UCL reconstruction as professional pitchers, whereas the majority of minor league pitchers (61%) underwent their UCL reconstruction during high school and college (P < .001). The rates of UCL revision, prior elbow surgery, prior shoulder surgery, and types of UCL graft were similar between the major league and minor league pitchers. No difference in prevalence was shown between pitchers born in the United States versus Latin American countries.


CONCLUSION
Pitchers have a high prevalence of UCL reconstruction in professional baseball, with 25% of major league pitchers and 15% of minor league pitchers having a history of the surgery.
The Hennessy-Milner equivalence for continuous time stochastic logic with mu-operator

Abstract A continuous stochastic logic with a μ -operator μ CSL is defined, and an interpretation through stochastic relations is proposed. We investigate morphisms for models of μ CSL , showing that the associated congruences can be used for an investigation of bisimilarity. The Hennessy–Milner equivalence for μ CSL is discussed, and it is shown that models are equivalent iff they are bisimilar, using a general criterion for bisimilarity from the theory of stochastic relations.
Copper-graphene SPR-based biosensor for urea detection

This paper is intended to investigate the copper-graphene surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor by considering the high adsorption efficiency of graphene. Copper (Cu) is used as a plasmonic material whereas graphene is used to prevent Cu from oxidation and enhance the reflectance intensity. Numerical investigation is performed using finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method by comparing the sensing performance such as reflectance intensity that explains the sensor sensitivity and the full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) of the spectrum for detection accuracy. The measurements were observed with various Cu thin film thicknesses ranging from 20nm to 80nm with 785nm operating wavelength. The proposed sensor shows that the 40nm-thick Cu-graphene (1 layer) SPR-based sensor gave better performance with narrower plasmonic spectrum line width (reflectance intensity of 91.2%) and better FWHM of 3.08°. The measured results also indicate that the Cu-graphene SPR-based sensor is suitable for detecting urea with refractive index of 1.49 in dielectric medium.
Image Quality of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator System Designed for the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Environment.

BACKGROUND
Recently, magnetic resonance (MR)-conditional implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) systems have become available. However, associated cardiac MR image (MRI) quality is unknown. The goal was to evaluate the image quality performance of various cardiac MR sequences in a multicenter trial of patients implanted with an MR-conditional ICD system.


METHODS AND RESULTS
The Evera-MRI trial enrolled 275 patients in 42 centers worldwide. There were 263 patients implanted with an Evera-MRI single- or dual-chamber ICD and randomized to controls (n=88) and MRI (n=175), 156 of whom underwent a protocol-required MRI (9-12 weeks post implant). Steady-state-free-precession (SSFP) and fast-gradient-echo (FGE) sequences were acquired in short-axis and horizontal long-axis orientations. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of image quality was performed by using a 7-point scale (grades 1-3: good quality, grades 6-7: nondiagnostic) and measuring ICD- and lead-related artifact size. Good to moderate image quality (grades 1-5) was obtained in 53% and 74% of SSFP and FGE acquisitions, respectively, covering the left ventricle, and in 69% and 84%, respectively, covering the right ventricle. Odds for better image quality were greater for right ventricle versus left ventricle (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-2.2; P<0.0001) and greater for FGE versus SSFP (odds ratio, 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.5-4.8; P<0.0001). Compared with SSFP, ICD-related artifacts on FGE were smaller (141±65 versus 75±57 mm, respectively; P<0.0001). Lead artifacts were much smaller than ICD artifacts (P<0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
FGE yields good to moderate quality in 74% of left ventricle and 84% of right ventricle acquisitions and performs better than SSFP in patients with an MRI-conditional ICD system. In these patients, cardiac MRI can offer diagnostic information in most cases.


CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02117414.
Adaptation and applicability of a diuretic algorithm for patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUND
Congestive states can be identified and managed through algorithms such as the Diuretic Treatment Algorithm (DTA) to adjust the diuretic over the telephone, focused on the clinical evaluation. However, the DTA is currently available only in English.


OBJECTIVE
To adapt the DTA and test its applicability for Brazil in outpatients with heart failure.


METHODS
The stages of translation, synthesis, back-translation, review by an expert committee, and pre-test (clinical applicability by means of a random clinical trial) were followed. The Brazilian version of the DTA was called algoritmo de ajuste de diurético (AAD; as per its acronym in Portuguese, standing for diuretic adjustment algorithm). Patients were randomized to the intervention group (IG) - diuretic adjustment according to the AAD - or control group (CG) - conventional adjustment. The clinical congestion score (CCS) and weight values were obtained for both groups.


RESULTS
A total of 12 changes were made to the DTA. Thirty-four patients were included. For those with congestion, the increase in the diuretic as guided by the AAD solved their condition, reducing the CCS by two points for 50% of the sample -2 (-3.5; -1.0), while the median for the CG was 0 (-1.25; -1.0), (p < 0.001). The median for weight variation was greater in IG -1.4 (-1.7; -0.5) compared to the CG 0.1 (1.2; -0.6), p = 0.001.


CONCLUSIONS
The AAD proved applicable in clinical practice after adaption and appears to result in better congestion management in patients with heart failure. The clinical effectiveness of the tool should be tested in a larger patient sample aiming at validating the instrument for Brazil.
Using Subgoal Labeling in Teaching CS1

Subgoal labeling is an instructional design framework for breaking down problems into pieces that are small enough for novices to grasp, and often difficult for instructors (i.e., experts) to articulate. Subgoal labels have been shown to improve student performance during problem solving in disciplines both in and out of computing. Improved student performance occurs because subgoal labels improve student transfer and retention of knowledge. With support from NSF (DUE-1712025, #1712231), subgoal labels have been identified and integrated into a CS1 course (variables, expressions, conditionals, loops, arrays, classes). This workshop will introduce participants to the materials and demonstrate how the subgoal labels and worked examples are integrated throughout the course. Materials include over 100 worked examples and practice problem pairs that increase in complexity and difficulty within each topic. The materials are designed to be integrated into CS1 courses as homework or classroom examples and activities. Assessment of topics using subgoal labels will also be discussed. Participants will also engage in an activity where they create an example for their own course using subgoal labels.
Treating patella instability in skeletally immature patients.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to comprehensively and systematically review the current evidence for orthopaedic treatment of immature and adolescent patients with acute and chronic patellar instability.


METHODS
We searched the online databases PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for relevant publications on patellar instability. All dates and languages were included.


RESULTS
Twenty articles reporting on a total of 456 knees in 425 patients (131 male patients, 294 female patients) followed-up for 56.7 ± 42.2 months on average were included in the analysis. Two studies focused specifically on conservative versus surgical treatment in acute dislocations and reported no difference in outcomes after 7 and 14 years, even in the face of slight trochlear dysplasia. For recurrent instability, we found consistent beneficial effects from surgical stabilization on clinical scores, postoperative stability, and radiographic assessment. There is no evidence for growth disturbance with surgical patellar stabilization in immature patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The current best evidence does not support the superiority of surgical intervention over conservative treatment in an acute patellar dislocation. However, anatomic variations and their effect on healing should be considered and included in decision making. In recurrent patellar instability in pediatric and adolescent patients with normal or restored knee anatomy, reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the most effective treatment option and can be done safely, together with extensor realignment as needed.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level IV, systematic review of mixed-level studies.
Building Information Modelling ( BIM ) and Project Management : a Stakeholders Perspective

Construction projects are becoming much more complex and difficult to manage. As a response Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been developing at a very fast pace. The major shift in ICT for the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector is the spreading of Building Information Modeling (BIM) (Bryde, Broquetas, & Volm, 2013). BIM is a system and its main objective is the managing of the information and because of that it is also a project management matter. Our research work is originated from the understanding of the managerial relationship gap between the two realities of BIM and project management. In particular this paper aims at addressing this gap from a specific perspective: stakeholders. Stakeholder management is one of the most important project critical success factors, as project success highly depends on stakeholders' satisfaction. The goal is relevant for both practitioners and educators. The exploration is done mainly through the literature review, but it is also strongly supported by the collection of primary data. The second source regards direct interviews to a portfolio of stakeholders of the AEC industry, e.g. project managers, architects, BIM experts, software resellers, building developer owners, innovation managers. The findings regard the classification of the key stakeholders in BIM adoption and the contextual situation in the different European countries, with particular focus on the role of the Governments. Keywords
MATLAB/Simulink Implementation and Analysis of Three Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) Techniques

With advances in solid-state power electronic devices and microprocessors, various pulse-width-modulation (PWM) techniques have been developed for industrial applications. For example, PWM-based three-phase voltage source inverters (VSI) convert DC power to AC power with variable voltage magnitude and variable frequency. This thesis discusses the advantages and drawbacks of three different PWM techniques: the sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) technique, the third-harmonic-injection PWM (THIPWM) technique, and the space-vector PWM (SVPWM) technique. These three methods are compared by discussing their ease of implementation and by analyzing the output harmonic spectra of various output voltages (poles voltages, line-to-neutral voltages, and line-to-line voltages) and their total harmonic distortion (THD). The simulation results show that both the THIPWM and SVPWM techniques have lower total harmonic distortion than the SPWM technique. The THIPWM and SVPWM techniques in the under-modulation region can both increase the fundamental output voltage by 15.5% over the SPWM technique. Moreover, the SVPWM technique can increase the fundamental output by about 5% in each of the overmodulation regions 1 and 2, respectively.
Auditing the TPACK Confidence of Australian Pre-Service Teachers: The TPACK Confidence Survey (TCS)

This chapter describes the construction and validation of an instrument to measure teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). The TPACK Confidence Survey (TCS) contains scales that measure teachers’ attitudes toward using ICT; confidence to use ICT for teaching and learning tasks (TPACK); competency with ICT; Technology Knowledge (TK); and TPACK Vocational Self-efficacy. The scale measuring TPACK confidence uses the Learning With ICTs: Measuring ICT Use in the Curriculum instrument that has been evaluated and reported previously. This paper proposes that the TCS provides a valid and reliable instrument with which to audit teachers’ TPACK confidence.
A Load Balancing Model based for Cloud Computing using Public Cloud

It is difficult to maintain all the resources and services on single system. So by using Load balancing strategy we distribute load on single system to multiple system providing efficient response to user, resulting in improve user satisfaction. Load balancing in the cloud computing has an important impact on the performance. To improve user satisfaction there is a need of efficient cloud computing for that we need a good load balancing algorithm. This article shows
A distributed spatial-temporal weighted model on MapReduce for short-term traffic flow forecasting

Accurate and timely traffic flow prediction is crucial to proactive traffic management and control in datadriven intelligent transportation systems (DITS), which has attracted great research interest in the last few years. In this paper, we propose a Spatial–Temporal Weighted K-Nearest Neighbor model, named STW-KNN, in a general MapReduce framework of distributed modeling on a Hadoop platform, to considers the spatial–temporal correlation and weight of traffic flow with trend adjustment features, to optimize the search mechanisms containing state vector, proximity measure, prediction function, and K selection. Furthermore, STW-KNN is implemented on a widely adopted Hadoop distributed computing platform with the MapReduce parallel processing paradigm, for parallel prediction of traffic flow in real time. Finally, with extensive experiments on real-world big taxi trajectory data, STW-KNN is compared with the state-of-the-art prediction models including conventional K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Naïve Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), and C4.5. The results demonstrate that the proposed model is superior to existing models on accuracy by decreasing the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) value more than 11.59% only in time domain and even achieves 89.71% accuracy improvement with the MAPEs of between 3.34% and 6.00% in both space and time domains, and also significantly improves the efficiency and scalability of short-term traffic flow forecasting over existing approaches. & 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Movie Rating and Review Summarization in Mobile Environment

In this paper, we design and develop a movie-rating and review-summarization system in a mobile environment. The movie-rating information is based on the sentiment-classification result. The condensed descriptions of movie reviews are generated from the feature-based summarization. We propose a novel approach based on latent semantic analysis (LSA) to identify product features. Furthermore, we find a way to reduce the size of summary based on the product features obtained from LSA. We consider both sentiment-classification accuracy and system response time to design the system. The rating and review-summarization system can be extended to other product-review domains easily.
Pathophysiological topography of acute ischemia by combined diffusion-weighted and perfusion MRI.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Combined echoplanar MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), perfusion imaging (PI), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) can be used to visualize acute brain ischemia and predict lesion evolution and functional outcome. The appearance of a larger lesion by PI than by DWI quantitatively defines a mismatch of potential clinical importance. Qualitative lesion variations exist in the topographic concordance of this mismatch. We examined both the topographic heterogeneity and relative frequency of mismatched patterns in acute stroke using these MRI techniques.


METHODS
Acute DWI, PI, and MRA studies of 34 prospectively recruited patients with supratentorial ischemic lesions scanned within 24 hours of stroke onset (range 2.5 to 23.3 hours, 12 patients <6 hours) were analyzed.


RESULTS
Ischemic lesions were predominantly in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory (94%), with DWI lesions most commonly affecting the insular region. Mismatched patterns with PI lesion larger than DWI lesion occurred in 21 patients (62% overall), in all 4 patients imaged within 3 hours, and in 44% of patients imaged after 18 hours. A patient with a large PI but no DWI lesion and severe clinical deficit at 2.5 hours after stroke onset recovered completely. Regional variations in DWI and PI lesion loci were found, inferring site of proximal MCA occlusion, embolic pathogenesis, and regional arterial reperfusion.


CONCLUSIONS
Analysis of the topographic concordance of PI and DWI lesions in acute stroke reveals regional PI lesions without concomitant DWI lesions, which do not necessarily progress to infarction but may suggest stroke pathogenesis and site of current arterial occlusion. Location of DWI lesions may suggest an earlier site of arterial occlusion and regions of maximal perfusion deficit.
Understanding Information

Modern-day computer power is a great servant for today’s information hungry society. The increasing pervasiveness of such powerful machinery greatly influences fundamental information processes such as, for instance, the acquisition of information, its storage, manipulation, retrieval, dissemination, or its usage. Information society depends on these fundamental information processes in various ways. This chapter investigates the diverse and dynamic relationship between information society and the fundamental information processes just mentioned from a modern technology perspective.
Presidential Address: Education and Poverty: Confronting the Evidence

Current U.S. policy initiatives to improve the U.S. education system, including No Child Left Behind, test-based evaluation of teachers, and the promotion of competition are misguided because they either deny or set to the side a basic body of evidence documenting that students from disadvantaged households on average perform less well in school than those from more advantaged families. Because these policy initiatives do not directly address the educational challenges experienced by disadvantaged students, they have contributed little—and are not likely to contribute much in the future—to raising overall student achievement or to reducing achievement and educational attainment gaps between advantaged and disadvantaged students. Moreover, such policies have the potential to do serious harm. Addressing the educational challenges faced by children from disadvantaged families will require a broader and bolder approach to education policy than the recent efforts to reform schools. C © 2012 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Bilingualism, Language Proficiency, and Learning to Read in Two Writing Systems.

Two hundred and four 5and 6-year-olds who were monolingual English-, bilingual English–Chinese-, or Chinese-speaking children beginning to learn English (2nd-language learners) were compared on phonological awareness and word decoding tasks in English and Chinese. Phonological awareness developed in response to language exposure and instruction but, once established, transferred across languages for both bilinguals and 2nd-language learners. In contrast, decoding ability developed separately for each language as a function of proficiency and instruction in that language and did not transfer to the other language. Therefore, there was no overall effect of bilingualism on learning to read: Performance depended on the structure of the language, proficiency in that language, and instructional experiences with that writing system. These results point to the importance of evaluating the features of the languages and instructional context in which children become biliterate.
Interrupted by a phone call: exploring designs for lowering the impact of call notifications for smartphone users

Mobile phones have evolved significantly in recent years from single-purpose communication devices to multi-purpose computing devices. Despite this evolution, the interaction model for how incoming calls are handled has barely changed. Current-generation smartphones still use abrupt full-screen notifications to alert users to incoming calls, demanding a decision to either accept or decline the call. These full-screen notifications forcibly interrupt whatever activity the user was already engaged in. This might be undesirable when the user's primary task was more important than the incoming call. This paper explores the design space for how smartphones can alert users to incoming calls. We consider designs that allow users to postpone calls and also to multiplex by way of a smaller partial-screen notification. These design alternatives were evaluated in both a small-scale controlled lab study as well as a large-scale naturalistic in-the-wild study. Results show that a multiplex design solution works best because it allows people to continue working on their primary task while being made aware that there is a caller on the line. The contribution of this work is an enhanced interaction design for handling phone calls, and an understanding of how people use it for handling incoming calls.