LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The socket-shield technique to support the buccofacial tissues at immediate implant placement

Introduction Immediate implant placement is a well-recognized and successful treatment option following tooth removal.1 Although the success rates for both immediate and delayed implant techniques are comparable, the literature reports that one can expect there to be recession of the buccal / facial gingiva of at least 1 mm following immediate implant placement, with the recession to possibly worsen in thin gingival biotypes.2 Low aesthetic value areas may be of less concern, however this recession and ridge collapse can pose an aesthetic disaster in areas such as the anterior maxilla. Compromised aesthetics may be masked to some degree by a low lip-line, thick gingival biotype, when treating single tooth cases, and so forth, but when implant therapy is carried out in patients with high lip-lines, patients with high aesthetic demands, with a very thin gingival biotype or multiple missing teeth where there is more extensive tissue deficit, then the risk for an aesthetic failure is far greater.3 The socket-shield (SS) technique provides a promising treatment adjunct to better manage these risks and preserve the post-extraction tissues in aesthetically challenging cases.4 The principle is to prepare the root of a tooth indicated for extraction in such a manner that the buccal / facial root section remains in-situ with its physiologic relation to the buccal plate intact. The tooth root section’s periodontal attachment apparatus (periodontal ligament (PDL), attachment fibers, vascularization, root cementum, bundle bone, alveolar bone) is intended to remain vital and undamaged so as to prevent the expected post-extraction socket remodeling and to support the buccal / facial tissues. Hereafter a case is presented where the SS technique was carried out at implant placement and the results from the case followed up at 1 year post-treatment demonstrate the degree of facial ridge tissue preservation achieved. C L I N I C A L
Multi-beam Luneburg lens antenna for cellular communications

In this paper, we propose a Luneburg lens based multi-beam antenna solution for cellular communications. The solution uses a Luneburg lens fed by an array of appropriately placed dual-polarized radiators. As the coupling between the dual-polarized radiators and the reflections from the Luneburg lens are small, a beam-to-beam isolation of better than 30dB is achieved. Contemporary air interfaces such as LTE significantly benefit from high isolation between beams/sectors yielding much higher capacity/throughput. Furthermore, because of the spherical symmetry of the lens, the beams are identical and symmetrical in shape. Our Luneburg lens multi-beam antenna is broadband and provides up to 120° angular coverage with minimal beam variation in frequency due to the special design of the radiators. The cross-over between adjacent beams is designed for a nominal value of -10dB, which is generally accepted as optimal for 3G and 4G wireless network operation. It has been tested and shown to significantly improve the capacity of base station.
Foundations of JSON Schema

JSON – the most popular data format for sending API requests and responses – is still lacking a standardized schema or meta-data definition that allows the developers to specify the structure of JSON documents. JSON Schema is an attempt to provide a general purpose schema language for JSON, but it is still work in progress, and the formal specification has not yet been agreed upon. Why this could be a problem becomes evident when examining the behaviour of numerous tools for validating JSON documents against this initial schema proposal: although they agree on most general cases, when presented with the greyer areas of the specification they tend to differ significantly. In this paper we provide the first formal definition of syntax and semantics for JSON Schema and use it to show that implementing this layer on top of JSON is feasible in practice. This is done both by analysing the theoretical aspects of the validation problem and by showing how to set up and validate a JSON Schema for Wikidata, the central storage for Wikimedia.
Circumscription and implicit definability

We explore some connections between the technique of circumscription in artificial intelligence and the notion of implicit definition in mathematical logic. Implicit definition can be taken as the informal intent, but not necessarily the formal result, of circumscription. This raises some questions for logical theory and suggests some implications for artificial intelligence practice. The principal implication is that when circumscription ‘works’ its conclusions can be explicitly described.
β-Blockers are associated with a reduction in COPD exacerbations.

BACKGROUND
While some retrospective studies have suggested that β-blocker use in patients with COPD is associated with a reduction in the frequency of acute exacerbations and lower mortality, there is concern that their use in patients with severe COPD on home oxygen may be harmful.


METHODS
Subjects with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 2-4 COPD participating in a prospective follow-up of the COPDGene cohort, a multicentre observational cohort of current and former smokers were recruited. Total and severe exacerbation rates were compared between groups categorised by β-blocker use on longitudinal follow-up using negative binomial regression analyses, after adjustment for demographics, airflow obstruction, %emphysema on CT, respiratory medications, presence of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure and coronary artery calcification, and after adjustment for propensity to prescribe β-blockers.


RESULTS
3464 subjects were included. During a median of 2.1 years of follow-up, β-blocker use was associated with a significantly lower rate of total (incidence risk ratio (IRR) 0.73, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.90; p=0.003) and severe exacerbations (IRR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.93; p=0.016). In those with GOLD stage 3 and 4 and on home oxygen, use of β-blockers was again associated with a reduction in the rate of total (IRR 0.33, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.58; p<0.001) and severe exacerbations (IRR 0.35, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.76; p=0.008). Exacerbation reduction was greatest in GOLD stage B. There was no difference in all-cause mortality with β-blocker use.


CONCLUSIONS
β-Blockers are associated with a significant reduction in COPD exacerbations regardless of severity of airflow obstruction. The findings of this study should be tested in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.


TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
(ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00608764).
The Shape of a Set of Points in the Plane

ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors express their appreciation for numerous constructive suggestions, which led to improvements on various phases of the manuscript, to Dr. A high performance multiple data rate burst modem for satellite packet communication, " EASCON Conference Record, Nov. 198 1. A microprocessor-based PSK modem for packet transmission over satellite channels, " IEEE Truns. Abstract-A generalization of the convex hull of a finite set of points in Akl and Toussaint [ 11, for instance, discuss the relevance the plane is introduced and analyzed. This generalization leads to a family of straight-line graphs, " o-shapes, " which seem to capture the intuitive of the convex hull problem to pattern recognition. By notions of " fine shape " and " crude shape " of point sets. It is shown that identifying and ordering the extreme points of a point set, a-shapes are subgraphs of the closest point or furthest point Delaunay the convex hull serves to characterize, at least in a rough triangulation. Relying on this result an optimal O(n log n) algorithm that way, the " shape " of such a set. Jarvis [9] presents several constructs o-shapes is developed. algorithms based on the so-called nearest neighbor logic that compute what he calls the " shape " of a finite set of I. INTR~DUOTION points. The " shape, " in Jarvis' terminology, is a notion T HE efficient construction of convex hulls for finite sets of points in the plane is one of the most exhaustively examined problems in the rather young field often referred to as " computational geometry. " Part of the motivation is theoretical in nature. It seems to stem from the fact that the convex hull problem, like sorting, is easy to formulate and visualize. Furthermore, the convex hull problem, again like sorting, plays an important role as a component of a large number of more complex problems. Nevertheless, much of the work on convex hulls is motivated by direct applications in some of the more practical branches of computer science. made concrete by the algorithms that he proposes for its construction. Besides this lack of any analytic definition, the inefficiency of Jarvis' algorithms to construct the " shape " is a striking drawback. More recently, Fairfield [6] introduced a notion of the shape of a finite point set based on the closest point Voronoi diagram of the set. He informally links his notion of shape with …
Person Recognition in Social Media Photos

People nowadays share large parts of their personal lives through social media. Being able to automatically recognise people in personal photos may greatly enhance user convenience by easing photo album organisation. For human identification task, however, traditional focus of computer vision has been face recognition and pedestrian re-identification. Person recognition in social media photos sets new challenges for computer vision, including non-cooperative subjects (e.g. backward viewpoints, unusual poses) and great changes in appearance. To tackle this problem, we build a simple person recognition framework that leverages convnet features from multiple image regions (head, body, etc.). We propose new recognition scenarios that focus on the time and appearance gap between training and testing samples. We present an in-depth analysis of the importance of different features according to time and viewpoint generalisability. In the process, we verify that our simple approach achieves the state of the art result on the PIPA [1] benchmark, arguably the largest social media based benchmark for person recognition to date with diverse poses, viewpoints, social groups, and events. Compared the conference version of the paper [2], this paper additionally presents (1) analysis of a face recogniser (DeepID2+ [3]), (2) new method naeil2 that combines the conference version method naeil and DeepID2+ to achieve state of the art results even compared to post-conference works, (3) discussion of related work since the conference version, (4) additional analysis including the head viewpoint-wise breakdown of performance, and (5) results on the open-world setup.
Control of sexually transmitted diseases for AIDS prevention in Uganda: a randomised community trial

BACKGROUND
The study tested the hypothesis that community-level control of sexually transmitted disease (STD) would result in lower incidence of HIV-1 infection in comparison with control communities.


METHODS
This randomised, controlled, single-masked, community-based trial of intensive STD control, via home-based mass antibiotic treatment, took place in Rakai District, Uganda. Ten community clusters were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. All consenting residents aged 15-59 years were enrolled; visited in the home every 10 months; interviewed; asked to provide biological samples for assessment of HIV-1 infection and STDs; and were provided with mass treatment (azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole in the intervention group, vitamins/anthelmintic drug in the control). Intention-to-treat analyses used multivariate, paired, cluster-adjusted rate ratios.


FINDINGS
The baseline prevalence of HIV-1 infection was 15.9%. 6602 HIV-1-negative individuals were enrolled in the intervention group and 6124 in the control group. 75.0% of intervention-group and 72.6% of control-group participants provided at least one follow-up sample for HIV-1 testing. At enrolment, the two treatment groups were similar in STD prevalence rates. At 20-month follow-up, the prevalences of syphilis (352/6238 [5.6%]) vs 359/5284 [6.8%]; rate ratio 0.80 [95% CI 0.71-0.89]) and trichomoniasis (182/1968 [9.3%] vs 261/1815 [14.4%]; rate ratio 0.59 [0.38-0.91]) were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group. The incidence of HIV-1 infection was 1.5 per 100 person-years in both groups (rate ratio 0.97 [0.81-1.16]). In pregnant women, the follow-up prevalences of trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia infection were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group. No effect of the intervention on incidence of HIV-1 infection was observed in pregnant women or in stratified analyses.


INTERPRETATION
We observed no effect of the STD intervention on the incidence of HIV-1 infection. In the Rakai population, a substantial proportion of HIV-1 acquisition appears to occur independently of treatable STD cofactors.
Patient characteristics and practice patterns in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in Kuwait: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES
To determine the characteristics, management and outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) admitted to the general hospitals and to assess the feasibility of establishing a registry for AMI in Kuwait.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
We prospectively included 111 consecutive patients (94 males and 17 females, mean age 55 years) admitted to the coronary care units of the five participating hospitals during May 2000. The subjects all had a final diagnosis of AMI. A structured data collection form that included biochemical measurements was filled out for each patient.


RESULTS
The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, hypertension and current smoking was 46, 45, 30 and 49%, respectively. Fifty-four of 57 patients who were eligible for thrombolytic therapy received treatment. The median time from symptom onset to thrombolytic therapy was 180 min. At discharge 93% were prescribed aspirin, 81% beta-blockers, 40% angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and 32% lipid-lowering drugs. The in-hospital mortality was 10%.


CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of smoking, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia is high among our patients. Thrombolytic therapy is used regularly but insufficiently early. Based on this pilot study, it is feasible to establish an AMI registry in Kuwait.
Psychological ownership and feelings of possession: three field studies predicting employee attitudes and organizational citizenship behavior

An increasing number of scholars and practitioners have emphasized the importance of ‘feelings of ownership’ for the organization (even when employees are not legal owners). In this exploratory study, we examine the relationships of psychological ownership with work attitudes and work behaviors. We start by developing hypotheses based on the psychology of possession and psychological ownership literatures. We then test these hypotheses with data from three field samples, using responses from over 800 employees, as well as manager and peer observations of employee behavior. Results demonstrate positive links between psychological ownership for the organization and employee attitudes (organizational commitment, job satisfaction, organization-based self-esteem), and work behavior (performance and organizational citizenship). More important, psychological ownership increased explained variance in organization-based self-esteem and organizational citizenship behavior (both peer and supervisor observations of citizenship), over and above the effects of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Contrary to prior theoretical work on psychological ownership, results, however, fail to show an incremental value of psychological ownership in predicting employee performance. Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of silicon on damping capacities of pure magnesium and magnesium alloys

Abstract A new idea of using a stiffer metallic compound Mg 2 Si to enhance the damping capacities of pure magnesium and its alloys is successfully attempted. The present paper focuses on the relation between damping capacities and the addition amount of Si. The results show that damping capacities increase with increasing amount of Si. Particular emphasis is placed on the increasing dislocation density around matrix–particulate interface and the refinement of grain size promoted by big growth restriction factor of Si.
The Marx generator as an ultra wideband source

Traditional uses of the Marx generator have been limited to energy storage and delivery systems, such as charging capacitors or pulse forming lines. However, low energy, high peak power Marx generators are finding applications in ultra wideband radar and high power microwave systems. This paper discusses the compact generator as well as an assortment of impulse antennas. Experimental results, including those of the Marx generator and antenna range measurements are presented and discussed.
The many faces of small B cell lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation and the contribution of MYD88 testing

Plasmacytic differentiation may occur in almost all small B cell lymphomas (SBLs), although it varies from being uniformly present (as in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL)) to very uncommon (as in mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs)). The discovery of MYD88 L265P mutations in the vast majority of LPLs has had a major impact on the study of these lymphomas. Review of the cases contributed to the 2014 European Association for Haematopathology/Society for Hematopathology slide workshop illustrated how mutational testing has helped refine the diagnostic criteria for LPL, emphasizing the importance of identifying a clonal monotonous lymphoplasmacytic population and highlighting how LPL can still be diagnosed with extensive nodal architectural effacement, very subtle plasmacytic differentiation, follicular colonization, or uncommon phenotypes such as CD5 or CD10 expression. MYD88 L265P mutations were found in 11/11 LPL cases versus only 2 of 28 other SBLs included in its differential diagnosis. Mutational testing also helped to exclude other cases that would have been considered LPL in the past. The workshop also highlighted how plasmacytic differentiation can occur in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, SOX11 negative MCL, and particularly in marginal zone lymphomas, all of which can cause diagnostic confusion with LPL. The cases also highlighted the difficulty in distinguishing lymphomas with marked plasmacytic differentiation from plasma cell neoplasms. Some SBLs with plasmacytic differentiation can be associated with amyloid, other immunoglobulin deposition, or crystal-storing histiocytosis, which may obscure the underlying neoplasm. Finally, although generally indolent, LPL may transform, with the workshop cases suggesting a role for TP53 abnormalities.
Making a reconfigurable artificial crystal by ordering bistable magnetic nanowires.

Spin-wave excitations (magnons) are investigated in a one-dimensional (1D) magnonic crystal fabricated out of Ni80Fe20 nanowires. We find two different magnon band structures depending on the magnetic ordering of neighboring wires, i.e., parallel and antiparallel alignment. At a zero in-plane magnetic field H the modes of the antiparallel case are close to those obtained by zone folding of the spin-wave dispersions of the parallel case. This is no longer true for nonzero H which opens a forbidden frequency gap at the Brillouin zone boundary. The 1D stop band gap scales with the external field, which generates a periodic potential for Bragg reflection of the magnons.
Sex trafficking and the exploitation of adolescents.

Human trafficking affects a surprisingly large number of adolescents around the globe. Women and girls make up the majority of sex trafficking victims. Nurses must be aware of sex trafficking as a form of sexual violence in the adolescent population. Nurses can play a role in identifying, intervening, and advocating for victims of human trafficking as they currently do for patients that are the victims of other types of violent crimes.
Leaching optimization of municipal solid waste incineration ash for resource recovery: A case study of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd.

Ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) may be quite cumbersome to handle. Some ash fractions contain organic pollutants, such as dioxins, as well as toxic metals. Additionally, some of the metals have a high value and are considered as critical to the industry. Recovery of copper, zinc and lead from MSWI ashes, for example, will not only provide valuable metals that would otherwise be landfilled but also give an ash residue with lower concentrations of toxic metals. In this work, fly ash and bottom ash from an MSWI facility was used for the study and optimization of metal leaching using different solutions (nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid) and parameters (temperature, controlled pH value, leaching time, and liquid/solid ratio). It was found that hydrochloric acid is relatively efficient in solubilizing copper (68.2±6.3%) and zinc (80.8±5.3%) from the fly ash in less than 24h at 20°C. Efficient leaching of cadmium and lead (over 92% and 90% respectively) was also achieved. Bottom ash from the same combustion unit was also characterized and leached using acid. The metal yields were moderate and the leachates had a tendency to form a gelatinous precipitate, which indicates that the solutions were actually over-saturated with respect to some components. This gel formation will cause problems for further metal purification processes, e.g. solvent extraction.
Empirical analysis of GARCH models in value at risk estimation

This paper studies seven GARCH models, including RiskMetrics and two long memory GARCH models, in Value at Risk (VaR) estimation. Both long and short positions of investment were considered. The seven models were applied to 12 market indices and four foreign exchange rates to assess each model in estimating VaR at various confidence levels. The results indicate that both stationary and fractionally integrated GARCH models outperform RiskMetrics in estimating 1% VaR. Although most return series show fat-tailed distribution and satisfy the long memory property, it is more important to consider a model with fat-tailed error in estimating VaR. Asymmetric behavior is also discovered in the stock market data that t-error models give better 1% VaR estimates than normal-error models in long position, but not in short position. No such asymmetry is observed in the exchange rate data. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: C53; G15
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are often depressed or anxious—A case control study

OBJECTIVE
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hyperandrogenic endocrine disorder affecting women of fertile age. The aim of this study was to survey whether the rate of clinical psychiatric disorders in PCOS differs from the normal population.


METHOD
Women with PCOS (n=49) meeting the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS, and 49 age-matched controls identified from the population registry, were recruited. Trained clinicians used the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview to establish lifetime occurrence of Axis I DSM diagnoses. Serum-testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin were analyzed.


RESULTS
Women with PCOS had higher lifetime incidence of depressive episodes, social phobia, and eating disorders than controls. Suicide attempts were seven times more common in the PCOS group than in the controls. Current as well as lifetime use of antidepressants and anxiolytic drugs were more common in the PCOS group.


CONCLUSIONS
Previous studies have found that PCOS is associated with decreased quality of life and self-rated mental symptoms. This study demonstrates that PCOS is also linked to psychiatric syndromes as verified by structured clinical assessments. The clinical implication of this study is that clinicians treating women with PCOS should be aware that these women are a high risk group for common affective and anxiety disorders as well as suicide attempts.