LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Health information on the Internet: accessibility, quality, and readability in English and Spanish.

CONTEXT
Despite the substantial amount of health-related information available on the Internet, little is known about the accessibility, quality, and reading grade level of that health information.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate health information on breast cancer, depression, obesity, and childhood asthma available through English- and Spanish-language search engines and Web sites.


DESIGN AND SETTING
Three unique studies were performed from July 2000 through December 2000. Accessibility of 14 search engines was assessed using a structured search experiment. Quality of 25 health Web sites and content provided by 1 search engine was evaluated by 34 physicians using structured implicit review (interrater reliability >0.90). The reading grade level of text selected for structured implicit review was established using the Fry Readability Graph method.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
For the accessibility study, proportion of links leading to relevant content; for quality, coverage and accuracy of key clinical elements; and grade level reading formulas.


RESULTS
Less than one quarter of the search engine's first pages of links led to relevant content (20% of English and 12% of Spanish). On average, 45% of the clinical elements on English- and 22% on Spanish-language Web sites were more than minimally covered and completely accurate and 24% of the clinical elements on English- and 53% on Spanish-language Web sites were not covered at all. All English and 86% of Spanish Web sites required high school level or greater reading ability.


CONCLUSION
Accessing health information using search engines and simple search terms is not efficient. Coverage of key information on English- and Spanish-language Web sites is poor and inconsistent, although the accuracy of the information provided is generally good. High reading levels are required to comprehend Web-based health information.
BB8: A Scalable, Accurate, Robust to Partial Occlusion Method for Predicting the 3D Poses of Challenging Objects without Using Depth

We introduce a novel method for 3D object detection and pose estimation from color images only. We first use segmentation to detect the objects of interest in 2D even in presence of partial occlusions and cluttered background. By contrast with recent patch-based methods, we rely on a “holistic” approach: We apply to the detected objects a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) trained to predict their 3D poses in the form of 2D projections of the corners of their 3D bounding boxes. This, however, is not sufficient for handling objects from the recent T-LESS dataset: These objects exhibit an axis of rotational symmetry, and the similarity of two images of such an object under two different poses makes training the CNN challenging. We solve this problem by restricting the range of poses used for training, and by introducing a classifier to identify the range of a pose at run-time before estimating it. We also use an optional additional step that refines the predicted poses. We improve the state-of-the-art on the LINEMOD dataset from 73.7% [2] to 89.3% of correctly registered RGB frames. We are also the first to report results on the Occlusion dataset [1 ] using color images only. We obtain 54% of frames passing the Pose 6D criterion on average on several sequences of the T-LESS dataset, compared to the 67% of the state-of-the-art [10] on the same sequences which uses both color and depth. The full approach is also scalable, as a single network can be trained for multiple objects simultaneously.
Sensorimotor Learning Biases Choice Behavior: A Learning Neural Field Model for Decision Making

According to a prominent view of sensorimotor processing in primates, selection and specification of possible actions are not sequential operations. Rather, a decision for an action emerges from competition between different movement plans, which are specified and selected in parallel. For action choices which are based on ambiguous sensory input, the frontoparietal sensorimotor areas are considered part of the common underlying neural substrate for selection and specification of action. These areas have been shown capable of encoding alternative spatial motor goals in parallel during movement planning, and show signatures of competitive value-based selection among these goals. Since the same network is also involved in learning sensorimotor associations, competitive action selection (decision making) should not only be driven by the sensory evidence and expected reward in favor of either action, but also by the subject's learning history of different sensorimotor associations. Previous computational models of competitive neural decision making used predefined associations between sensory input and corresponding motor output. Such hard-wiring does not allow modeling of how decisions are influenced by sensorimotor learning or by changing reward contingencies. We present a dynamic neural field model which learns arbitrary sensorimotor associations with a reward-driven Hebbian learning algorithm. We show that the model accurately simulates the dynamics of action selection with different reward contingencies, as observed in monkey cortical recordings, and that it correctly predicted the pattern of choice errors in a control experiment. With our adaptive model we demonstrate how network plasticity, which is required for association learning and adaptation to new reward contingencies, can influence choice behavior. The field model provides an integrated and dynamic account for the operations of sensorimotor integration, working memory and action selection required for decision making in ambiguous choice situations.
Generalized Phase Space and Statistical Mechanics of Ideal Gas

Generalized Uncertainty Principle(GUP) leads to modification of fundamental volume ω0 of accessible phase space for representative points. In this paper we consider the effects of this modification on thermodynamics of an ideal gas in microcanonical ensemble. PACS: 04.60.-m, 05.70.Ce, 51.30.+i
Research Directions and Foundations in Topological Quantum Computation Methods

We give a short overview of the recent research perspectives and mathematical foundations in topological quantum computation theory. In particular, we will be interested in braid representation theory, topological invariants of braids, approximation with braiding generators and quantum hashing with the icosahedral group.
Factors Affecting Hospital Employees' Knowledge Sharing Intention and Behavior, and Innovation Behavior

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the factors affecting employees' knowledge sharing intention, knowledge sharing behavior, and innovation behavior of the four top-ranked university hospitals in South Korea.


METHODS
Data were collected from employees at three university hospitals in Seoul, Korea and one university hospital in Gyeonggi-Do, Korea through self-administered questionnaires. The survey was conducted from May 29, 2013 to July 17, 2013. A total of 779 questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS version 18.0 and AMOS version 18.0.


RESULTS
Factors affecting hospital employees' knowledge sharing intention, knowledge sharing behavior, and innovation behavior are reciprocity, behavioral control, and trust.


CONCLUSION
It is important to select employees who have a propensity for innovation and continuously educate them about knowledge management based on trust.
Folic acid supplementation for 3 wk reduces pulse pressure and large artery stiffness independent of MTHFR genotype 1 – 3

Background: Folic acid reduces plasma homocysteine and may be an important therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease. A key mechanism may be the reduction of arterial stiffness. Objective: The effect of folic acid supplementation on blood pressure and large artery stiffness was examined in relation to methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype. Design: Forty-one asymptomatic men with normal or high-normal ambulatory blood pressure (systolic: 130 to 145 mm Hg; diastolic: 80 to 90 mm Hg) participated. The study had a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover design that incorporated 3-wk treatments with 5 mg folic acid/d or matching placebo; each treatment was separated by a 4-wk washout phase. Results: Folic acid reduced brachial pulse pressure by 4.7 1.6 mm Hg (P 0.05) without changing mean arterial pressure. Systemic arterial compliance increased by 0.15 0.03 mL/mm Hg (P 0.05) after folic acid treatment but did not change after placebo treatment. These responses did not significantly correlate with either homocysteine or folate plasma concentrations. MTHFR genotype CC homozygotes (without the 677C3T polymorphism) with normal blood pressure had a larger reduction in homocysteine concentrations in response to folic acid than did T allele carriers. Blood pressure and arterial stiffness responses were independent of MTHFR genotype. Conclusion: Folicacidisasafeandeffectivesupplementthat targetslarge artery stiffness and may prevent isolated systolic hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:26–31.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF POSTNATAL MOTHERS FOR EARLY INITIATION OF BREAST FEEDING IN THE OBSTETRIC WARDS OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF VADODARA CITY

Background: Despite its known advantages, breastfeeding rates are low world over. Large number of factors affects breastfeeding. The aim was to study maternal and neonatal factors that affect early initiation of breastfeeding in the perinatal period and to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of postnatal mothers for early initiation of breast feeding in the obstetric wards. Methods: A cross sectional study carried out from October 2010 to December 2010. Study conducted in 175 Post natal mothers from the maternity wards of a tertiary care hospital in Vadodara city. Mothers were interviewed within 5 days after the birth of the child. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire with some open and close ended questions and data was analyzed by Epi Info 3.2 (window based) software. Results: Most common causes of delay in initiating breastfeeding were caesarian section and fatigue (29.7% and 21.1% respectively). 32.6% mothers initiated breastfeeding within one hour of delivery. Incidence of early initiation of breastfeeding in mothers less than 21 years of age was 29.4%, 24.6% in illiterate mothers and 25% in those delivering by caesarian section. Early initiation of breastfeeding was maximum (46.7%) in the first and minimum (24.3%) in the third shift of work of health care workers. Conclusion: Lack of adequate information, maternal education level, socioeconomic factors, etc. influences the early breast feeding practices which can be overcome by proper support, care and counseling provided by health care staff.
Perinatal Outcomes by Mode of Assisted Conception and Sub-Fertility in an Australian Data Linkage Cohort

BACKGROUND
Fertility treatment is associated with increased risk of major birth defects, which varies between in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and is significantly reduced by embryo freezing. We therefore examined a range of additional perinatal outcomes for these exposures.


METHODS
All patients in South Australia receiving assisted conception between Jan 1986-Dec 2002 were linked to the state-wide perinatal collection (all births/stillbirths ≥20 weeks gestation or 400 g birth weight, n = 306 995). We examined stillbirth, mean birth weight, low birth weight (<2500 g, <1500 g), small size for gestational age (<10th percentile, <3rd percentile), large size for gestational age (>90th percentile), preterm birth (32-<37 weeks, <32 weeks gestation), postterm birth (≥41 weeks gestation), Apgar <7 at 5 minutes and neonatal death.


RESULTS
Relative to spontaneous conceptions, singletons from assisted conception were more likely to be stillborn (OR = 1.82, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.34-2.48), while survivors as a group were comprehensively disadvantaged at birth, including lower birth weight (-109 g, CI -129--89), very low birth weight (OR = 2.74, CI 2.19-3.43), very preterm birth (OR = 2.30, CI 1.82-2.90) and neonatal death (OR = 2.04, CI 1.27-3.26). Outcomes varied by type of assisted conception. Very low and low birth weight, very preterm and preterm birth, and neonatal death were markedly more common in singleton births from IVF and to a lesser degree, in births from ICSI. Using frozen-embryos eliminated all significant adverse outcomes associated with ICSI but not with IVF. However, frozen-embryo cycles were also associated with increased risk of macrosomia for IVF and ICSI singletons (OR = 1.36, CI 1.02-1.82; OR = 1.55, CI 1.05-2.28). Infertility status without treatment was also associated with adverse outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Births after assisted conception show an extensive range of compromised outcomes that vary by treatment modality, that are substantially reduced after embryo freezing, but which co-occur with an increased risk of macrosomia.
External and Intrinsic Plagiarism Detection Using a Cross-Lingual Retrieval and Segmentation System - Lab Report for PAN at CLEF 2010

We present our hybrid system for the PAN challenge at CLEF 2010. Our system performs plagiarism detection for translated and non-translated externally as well as intrinsically plagiarized document passages. Our external plagiarism detection approach is formulated as an information retrieval problem, using heuristic post processing to arrive at the final detection results. For the retrieval step, source documents are split into overlapping blocks which are indexed via a Lucene instance. Suspicious documents are similarly split into consecutive overlapping boolean queries which are performed on the Lucene index to retrieve an initial set of potentially plagiarized passages. For performance reasons queries might get rejected via a heuristic before actually being executed. Candidate hits gathered via the retrieval step are further post-processed by performing sequence analysis on the passages retrieved from the index with respect to the passages used for querying the index. By applying several merge heuristics bigger blocks are formed from matching sequences. German and Spanish source documents are first translated using word alignment on the Europarl corpus before entering the above detection process. For each word in a translated document several translations are produced. Intrinsic plagiarism detection is done by finding major changes in style measured via word suffixes after the documents have been partitioned by an linear text segmentation algorithm. Our approach lead us to the third overall rank with an overall score of 0.6948.
Epidemiologic pictures of Kawasaki disease in Shanghai from 1998 through 2002.

BACKGROUND
Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease in China is still not clear.


METHODS
A questionnaire form and diagnostic guidelines for Kawasaki disease were sent to hospitals in Shanghai, which provided with pediatric medical care. All patients with Kawasaki disease diagnosed during January 1998 through December 2002 were recruited in this study.


RESULTS
A total of 768 patients with Kawasaki disease were reported. The incidence rates of Kawasaki disease for each year were 16.79 (1998), 25.65 (1999), 28.16 (2000), 28.05 (2001), and 36.76 (2002) per 100,000 children under 5 years of age. The male/female ratio was 1.83:1. The age at onset ranged from 1 month to 18.8 years (median: 1.8 years). The disease occurred more frequently in spring and summer. Fever was the most common clinical symptom, followed by oral changes, extremities desquamate, rash, conjunctive congestion, lymphadenopathy, extremities swelling, and crissum desquamate. Cardiac abnormalities were found in 24.3% of patients. The most common cardiac abnormality was coronary artery lesions including dilatation (68%) and aneurysm (10%). The case-fatality rate at acute stage of the disease was 0.26%. A second onset of the disease occurred in 1.82% of patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The incidence rate of Kawasaki disease in Shanghai is lower than that reported in Japan, but higher than those in western countries. The increasing trend in incidence, sex distribution and cardiac abnormalities are similar to those in previous reports. The seasonal distribution is similar to the report from Beijing and different from other reports.
Etoricoxib in the treatment of osteoarthritis over 52-weeks: a double-blind, active-comparator controlled trial [NCT00242489]

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and tolerability of etoricoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor, in osteoarthritis (OA) patients.


METHODS
A double-blind, randomized, multicenter study was conducted in 617 patients with OA of the knee. The base study was 14 weeks in duration and consisted of 2 parts; in Part I (6 weeks), patients were allocated to once daily oral etoricoxib 5, 10, 30, 60, 90 mg or placebo. In Part II (8 weeks); the placebo, etoricoxib 5 and 10 mg groups were reallocated to etoricoxib 30, 60, or 90 mg qd or diclofenac 50 mg t.i.d. Treatment was continued for consecutive 12 and 26 week extensions. Primary efficacy endpoints were the WOMAC VA 3.0 pain subscale and investigator global assessment of disease status. Safety and tolerability were assessed by collecting adverse events throughout the study.


RESULTS
Compared with placebo, the etoricoxib groups displayed significant (p < 0.05), dose-dependent efficacy for all primary endpoints in Part I; efficacy was maintained throughout the 52 weeks of the study. During the 46-week active-comparator controlled period, the etoricoxib groups demonstrated clinical efficacy that was similar to that of diclofenac 150 mg and was generally well tolerated, with a lower incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) nuisance symptoms compared with diclofenac (13.1, 14.7, and 13.5% for etoricoxib 30, 60, and 90 mg, respectively compared with 22.5% for diclofenac).


CONCLUSION
In this extension study, etoricoxib, at doses ranging from 30 to 90 mg, demonstrated a maintenance of significant clinical efficacy in patients with OA through 52 weeks of treatment. Etoricoxib displayed clinical efficacy similar to diclofenac 150 mg and was generally well tolerated.
FORGETTING BY MAXIMIZING TRANSFER AND MINIMIZING INTERFERENCE

Lack of performance when it comes to continual learning over non-stationary distributions of data remains a major challenge in scaling neural network learning to more human realistic settings. In this work we propose a new conceptualization of the continual learning problem in terms of a temporally symmetric trade-off between transfer and interference that can be optimized by enforcing gradient alignment across examples. We then propose a new algorithm, Meta-Experience Replay (MER), that directly exploits this view by combining experience replay with optimization based meta-learning. This method learns parameters that make interference based on future gradients less likely and transfer based on future gradients more likely.1 We conduct experiments across continual lifelong supervised learning benchmarks and non-stationary reinforcement learning environments demonstrating that our approach consistently outperforms recently proposed baselines for continual learning. Our experiments show that the gap between the performance of MER and baseline algorithms grows both as the environment gets more non-stationary and as the fraction of the total experiences stored gets smaller. 1 SOLVING THE CONTINUAL LEARNING PROBLEM A long-held goal of AI is to build agents capable of operating autonomously for long periods. Such agents must incrementally learn and adapt to a changing environment while maintaining memories of what they have learned before, a setting known as lifelong learning (Thrun, 1994; 1996). In this paper we explore a variant called continual learning (Ring, 1994). In continual learning we assume that the learner is exposed to a sequence of tasks, where each task is a sequence of experiences from the same distribution (see Appendix A for details). We would like to develop a solution in this setting by discovering notions of tasks without supervision while learning incrementally after every experience. This is challenging because in standard offline single task and multi-task learning (Caruana, 1997) it is implicitly assumed that the data is drawn from an i.i.d. stationary distribution. Unfortunately, neural networks tend to struggle whenever this is not the case (Goodrich, 2015). Over the years, solutions to the continual learning problem have been largely driven by prominent conceptualizations of the issues faced by neural networks. One popular view is catastrophic forgetting (interference) (McCloskey & Cohen, 1989), in which the primary concern is the lack of stability in neural networks, and the main solution is to limit the extent of weight sharing across experiences by focusing on preserving past knowledge (Kirkpatrick et al., 2017; Zenke et al., 2017; Lee et al., 2017). Another popular and more complex conceptualization is the stability-plasticity dilemma (Carpenter & Grossberg, 1987). In this view, the primary concern is the balance between network We consider task agnostic future gradients, referring to gradients of the model parameters with respect to unseen data points. These can be drawn from tasks that have already been partially learned or unseen tasks.
Reduced Order Modeling of Triple Link Inverted Pendulum Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm [

In recent years, Particle Swarm Optimization has evolved as an effective global optimization algorithm whose dynamics has been inspired from swarming or collaborative behavior of biological populations. In this paper, PSO has been applied to Triple Link Inverted Pendulum model to find its reduced order model by minimization of error between the step responses of higher and reduced order model. Model Order Reduction using PSO algorithm is advantageous due to ease in implementation, higher accuracy and decreased time of computation. The second and third order reduced transfer functions of Triple Link Inverted Pendulum have been computed for comparison. Keywords—Particle Swarm Optimization, Triple Link Inverted Pendulum, Model Order Reduction, Pole Placement technique.