LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Variability in creatinine excretion in adult diabetic, overweight men and women: consequences on creatinine-based classification of renal disease.

BACKGROUND
It is crucial to estimate renal function in diabetic patients. However, formulas are inadequate in this population whereas creatinine clearance (C(cr)) on a 24-h urine collection may be valuable only if we can improve its reproducibility.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate in diabetic patients whether standardised procedures of 24-h urine collection improve the day-to-day variability in creatinine urinary excretion and the subsequent precision of the measured C(cr).


METHODS
The C(cr) from two consecutive 24-h urine collections was measured in 201 consecutive diabetic inpatients. Procedures of 24-h urine collection were standardised, and implementation was supervised at a diabetes clinic.


RESULTS
Pearson's correlation coefficients of the two 24-h creatinine urinary excretion were significant (r(2)=0.64 in women and r(2)=0.65 in men, p<0.0001) but the daily variability in creatinine urinary excretion was high (14.9% in women and 17.4% in men). As a consequence, the agreement between the two consecutive measurements of C(cr) was poor. First, Bland-Altman plots showed large 95% limits of agreement (-34.3 to 34.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2) in women and -39.0 to 52.0 mL/min/1.73 m(2) in men). Secondly, there was a poor agreement for classifying patients according to the National Kidney Foundation classification >90, 60-89.9, 30-59.9, and <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (Kappa coefficients=0.61, 0.42, 0.65, and 0.74, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Despite standardised procedures of 24-h urine collection, day-to-day variability in creatinine urinary excretion in adult diabetic men and women remains important, and may lead to misclassification of renal disease.
Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in general clinics in terms of FEV1/FVC.

BACKGROUND
The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to increase all over the world. Nonetheless, COPD is often misdiagnosed in general clinics because of insufficient use of spirometry.


OBJECTIVES
To estimate the prevalence of COPD in general clinics in Japan, we performed spirometry to screen patients who consulted general clinics.


METHODS
Patients 40 years of age and older who consulted clinics in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, for non-respiratory diseases and who met certain inclusion criteria had their airflow limitation measured by spirometry. We defined COPD as forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV(1)) over forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEV(1)/FVC) of < 70% in patients without active pulmonary disease, including physician-diagnosed asthma.


RESULTS
Of the 1424 patients included in the study, 193 (13.6%) showed airflow limitation. Airflow limitation was significantly related to older age, male gender and cumulative pack-years. FEV(1)/FVC in patients with hypertension and chronic hepatitis were significantly lower than in patients without these diseases when adjusted for age, gender and pack-years.


CONCLUSIONS
We showed that there are potentially a number of cases with COPD that are undiagnosed by general physicians in Japan. Measuring airflow limitation by spirometry in smokers with coexisting diseases, such as hypertension and chronic hepatitis, may be very beneficial because COPD is thought to be a systemic disease. The distribution of spirometers to general clinics is definitely needed to detect undiagnosed COPD.
Self-reported use of novel psychoactive substances in a US nationally representative survey: Prevalence, correlates, and a call for new survey methods to prevent underreporting.

BACKGROUND
In recent years, there has been an increase in emergence and use of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the US and worldwide. However, there is little published epidemiological survey data estimating the prevalence of use in the US.


METHOD
Data on self-reported NPS use came from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (2009-2013), a national representative sample of non-institutionalized individuals in the US. Subjects were asked to provide names of (non-traditional) drugs they used that they were not specifically asked about. We examined lifetime prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of self-reported use of new and uncommon synthetic drugs (NPS) among subjects ages 12-34-years-old.


RESULTS
1.2% of subjects self-reported any use of the 57 NPS we examined. Use of psychedelic tryptamines (primarily DMT) was most common, followed by psychedelic phenethylamines (e.g., 2C series) and synthetic cannabinoids. Prevalence of self-reported use of NPS increased from 2009 to 2013 and use was most common among males, whites, older subjects, those of lower income, and among those residing in cities. Lifetime use of various other illicit drugs (e.g., LSD, cocaine, ecstasy/MDMA) was highly prevalent among NPS users.


CONCLUSION
This the first study reporting on use of a variety of NPS in a nationally representative US sample; however, use appears to be underreported as other national data suggest higher rates of NPS (e.g., synthetic cannabinoid) use. Developing more adaptable survey tools and systematically assessing NPS use would allow researchers to ask about hundreds of NPS and improve reporting as new drugs continue to rapidly emerge.
Changes in rates of arthroscopy due to degenerative knee disease and traumatic meniscal tears in Finland and Sweden

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Knee arthroscopy is commonly performed to treat degenerative knee disease symptoms and traumatic meniscal tears. We evaluated whether the recent high-quality randomized control trials not favoring arthroscopic surgery for degenerative knee disease affected the procedure incidence and trends in Finland and Sweden.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
We conducted a bi-national registry-based study including all adult (aged ≥18 years) inpatient and outpatient arthroscopic surgeries performed for degenerative knee disease (osteoarthritis (OA) and degenerative meniscal tears) and traumatic meniscal tears in Finland between 1997 and 2012, and in Sweden between 2001 and 2012.


RESULTS
In Finland, the annual number of operations was 16,389 in 1997, reached 20,432 in 2007, and declined to 15,018 in 2012. In Sweden, the number of operations was 9,944 in 2001, reached 11,711 in 2008, and declined to 8,114 in 2012. The knee arthroscopy incidence for OA was 124 per 10(5) person-years in 2012 in Finland and it was 51 in Sweden. The incidence of knee arthroscopies for meniscal tears coded as traumatic steadily increased in Finland from 64 per 10(5) person-years in 1997 to 97 per 10(5) person-years in 2012, but not in Sweden.


INTERPRETATION
The incidence of arthroscopies for degenerative knee disease declined after 2008 in both countries. Remarkably, the incidence of arthroscopy for degenerative knee disease and traumatic meniscal tears is 2 to 4 times higher in Finland than in Sweden. Efficient implementation of new high-quality evidence in clinical practice could reduce the number of ineffective surgeries.
Characteristics of Excessive Cellular Phone Use in Korean Adolescents

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible psychological problems related to excessive cellular phone use in adolescents. Results from 595 participants showed that the potentially excessive user group had a tendency to identify themselves with their cellular phones and to have difficulties in controlling usage. They expressed more depressive symptoms, higher interpersonal anxiety, and lower self-esteem. A positive correlation was also observed between excessive cellular phone use and Internet addiction.
Poly (3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) for Chronic Neural Stimulation

Chronic neural stimulation using microelectrode arrays requires highly stable and biocompatible electrode materials with high charge injection capability. Conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was electrochemically deposited on thin film Pt electrodes of stimulation electrode arrays to evaluate its properties for chronic stimulation. The coated electrodes demonstrated much lower impedance than thin film Pt due to the high surface area and high ion conductivity across the film. The PEDOT film also presents intrinsic redox activity which contributes to the low impedance as well as a much higher charge storage capacity. The charge injection limit of PEDOT electrode was found to be 2.3 mC/cm2 , comparable to IrOx and much higher than thin film Pt. Under biphasic stimulation, the coated electrodes exhibited lower voltage and linear voltage excursion. Well-coated PEDOT electrodes were stable under chronic stimulation conditions, suggesting that PEDOT is a promising electrode material to be further developed for chronic neural stimulation applications.
Measuring factors affecting implementation of health innovations: a systematic review of structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation level measures

BACKGROUND
Two of the current methodological barriers to implementation science efforts are the lack of agreement regarding constructs hypothesized to affect implementation success and identifiable measures of these constructs. In order to address these gaps, the main goals of this paper were to identify a multi-level framework that captures the predominant factors that impact implementation outcomes, conduct a systematic review of available measures assessing constructs subsumed within these primary factors, and determine the criterion validity of these measures in the search articles.


METHOD
We conducted a systematic literature review to identify articles reporting the use or development of measures designed to assess constructs that predict the implementation of evidence-based health innovations. Articles published through 12 August 2012 were identified through MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the journal Implementation Science. We then utilized a modified five-factor framework in order to code whether each measure contained items that assess constructs representing structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation level factors. Further, we coded the criterion validity of each measure within the search articles obtained.


RESULTS
Our review identified 62 measures. Results indicate that organization, provider, and innovation-level constructs have the greatest number of measures available for use, whereas structural and patient-level constructs have the least. Additionally, relatively few measures demonstrated criterion validity, or reliable association with an implementation outcome (e.g., fidelity).


DISCUSSION
In light of these findings, our discussion centers on strategies that researchers can utilize in order to identify, adapt, and improve extant measures for use in their own implementation research. In total, our literature review and resulting measures compendium increases the capacity of researchers to conceptualize and measure implementation-related constructs in their ongoing and future research.
Clinical disease activity, C-reactive protein normalisation and mucosal healing in Crohn's disease in the SONIC trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) has been criticised due to heavy weighting on subjective clinical symptoms. C-reactive protein (CRP) and endoscopic lesions are objective measures of inflammation. We investigated the relationships between clinical disease activity, CRP normalisation and mucosal healing in Crohn's disease (CD).


METHODS
The Study of Biologic and Immunomodulator Naive Patients in CD trial compared infliximab to azathioprine and to infliximab plus azathioprine in 508 CD patients. Mucosal healing was defined as the absence of mucosal ulceration at the week 26 ileocolonoscopy in a patient who had evidence of ulceration at the baseline ileocolonoscopy.


RESULTS
188 patients who had evaluable ileocolonoscopy with evidence of mucosal ulceration at baseline, CDAI scores and CRP values at baseline and week 26 were analysed. Seventy-two of 136 patients (53%) who had a CDAI<150 at week 26 achieved mucosal healing, and 38 of 90 patients (42%) achieved both CRP normalisation (CRP<0.8 mg/dL) and mucosal healing while in clinical remission. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of CDAI to detect mucosal healing using 150 as a cut-off for CDAI were 65% and 53%, respectively. The PPV and NPV of CDAI to detect mucosal healing and CRP normalisation using 150 as a cut-off for CDAI were 79% and 42%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Half the patients under azathioprine and/or infliximab in clinical remission have endoscopic and/or CRP evidence of residual active CD, whereas other patients with endoscopic and CRP normalisation have persistent clinical symptoms. Clinical symptoms as scored by CDAI are not a reliable measure of the underlying inflammation.
Author ' s personal copy Plate boundary reorganization in the active BandaArc – continent collision : Insights from new GPS measurements

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o New GPS measurements reveal that large sections of the SE Asian Plate are progressively accreting to the edge of the Australian continent by distribution of strain away from the deformation front to forearc and backarc plate boundary segments. The study was designed to investigate relative motions across suspected plate boundary segments in the transition from subduction to collision. The oblique nature of the collision provides a way to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of strain from the deformation front to the back arc. The 12 sites we measured from Bali to Timor included some from an earlier study and 7 additional stations, which extended the epoch of observation to ten years at many sites. The resulting GPS velocity field delineates at least three Sunda Arc–forearc regions around 500 km in strike-length that shows different amounts of coupling to the Australian Plate. Movement of these regions relative to SE Asia increases from 21% to 41% to 63% eastward toward the most advanced stages of collision. The regions are bounded by the deformation front to the south, the Flores–Wetar backarc thrust system to the north, and poorly defined structures on the sides. The suture zone between the NW Australian continental margin and the Sunda–Banda Arcs is still evolving with more than 20 mm/yr of movement measured across the Timor Trough deformation front between Timor and Australia. The Sunda Arc–trench system accommodates up to 7 cm/yr of convergence between the large Indo-Australian and Asian plates (Tregoning et al., 1994). Most plate convergence (90%) in the western Sunda Arc Region is localized in a narrow zone near the deformation front (Stockmal, 1983; Sieh et al., 1999). The Eastern Sunda Arc is transitional into the Banda Arc, where the nature of both the Indo-Australian lower plate and the Asian upper plate progressively change (Fig. 1). The upper plate has been modified by marginal basin development and changes from the continental Sunda shelf to a series of composite oceanic basins eastward. The lower subducting plate changes from old oceanic seafloor that is subducting beneath the Sunda …
Reducing pin and area overhead in fault-tolerant FPGA-based designs

This paper proposes a new high-level technique for designing fault tolerant systems in SRAM-based FPGAs, without modifications in the FPGA architecture. Traditionally, TMR has been successfully applied in FPGAs to mitigate transient faults, which are likely to occur in space applications. However, TMR comes with high area and power dissipation penalties. The proposed technique was specifically developed for FPGAs to cope with transient faults in the user combinational and sequential logic, while also reducing pin count, area and power dissipation. The methodology was validated by fault injection experiments in an emulation board. We present some fault coverage results and a comparison with the TMR approach.
The structure of the benzene molecular ion

The kinetic energy released by the [C6H6]+. ion generated (i) by direct ionization of benzene and (ii) by charge-exchange of [C6H6]++ suggests that the reactive form of the benzene molecular ion has an acyclic structure.
Concept Based Information Access Using Ontologies and Latent Semantic Analysis

Concept-based access to information promises important benefits over keyword-based access. One of these benefits is the ability to take advantage of semantic relationships among concepts in finding relevant documents. Another benefit is the elimination of irrelevant documents by identifying conceptual mismatches. Concepts are mental structures. Words and phrases are the linguistic representatives of concepts. Due to the inherent conciseness of natural language, words can represent multiple concepts and different words may represent the same or very similar concepts. Word Sense Disambiguation attempts to resolve this ambiguity by pinpointing which concept is represented by a word or phrase in a context. The use of an ontology facilitates identification of related concepts and their linguistic representatives given a key concept. Latent semantic analysis, on the other hand, attempts to reveal the hidden conceptual relationships among words and phrases based on linguistic usage patterns. In this work we explore the potential of concept-based information access via these two mechanisms. We apply these techniques in three domains and examine under what circumstances concept-based access becomes feasible and improves user experience.
Temporality in Link Prediction: Understanding Social Complexity

This article summarises experimental results that bring together two views in contemporary science: Bayesian analysis and link prediction, to enhance the current understanding of social network analysis (SNA), particularly in value creation through social connectedness – an important, and growing, discipline within management science. Traditional link prediction methods use the values of metrics in a graph to determine where new links are likely to arise, and little work has been done on analysing long-term graph trends. We have found that existing graph generation models are unrealistic in their prediction, and can be complemented through the use of temporal metrics, in the study of some networks. To date, no temporal information has been used in link prediction research, thereby excluding valuable temporal trends that emerge in sociogram sequences and also lowering the accuracy of the link prediction. We extracted information from the Pussokram online dating network dataset, and 9,939 cases of each class were formed. Logistic regression in the Weka data mining system was used to perform link prediction. Our results show that temporal metrics are an extremely valuable new contribution to link prediction, and should be used in future applications. In addition to using metrics to measure the local behaviours of participants in social networks, we used Bayesian networks to model the interrelationships between the metrics as local behaviours and links forming between individuals as emergent behaviours (social complexity). We also explored how the metrics evolve over time using Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBN).
A comparison of facial landmark detection methods

Face analysis is a rapidly developing research area and facial landmark detection is one of the pre-processing steps. In recent years, many algorithms and comprehensive survey/ challenge papers have been published on facial landmark detection. In this work, we analysed six survey/challenge papers and observed that among open source systems deep learning (TCDCN, DCR) and regression based (CFSS) methods show superior performance.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies of IgA class in neutrophilic dermatoses with emphasis on erythema elevatum diutinum.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the prevalence of IgA and IgG antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) in erythema elevatum diutinum in comparison with 2 other groups of neutrophilic dermatoses: Sweet syndrome and pyoderma gangrenosum.


DESIGN
Detection of IgA and IgG ANCAs in the serum of patients with neutrophilic dermatoses and characterization of the previously known antigenic targets.


SETTING
All serum was analyzed without knowledge of diagnosis in the Immunology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.


PATIENTS
Ten patients with erythema elevatum diutinum, 10 with Sweet syndrome, 10 with pyoderma gangrenosum, and 10 healthy volunteers.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
IgA and IgG ANCAs were sought by indirect immunofluorescence with ethanol and formaldehyde-fixed human neutrophil preparations as the substrate. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were further performed for antigen characterization.


RESULTS
IgA ANCAs were observed in 60% and IgG ANCAs in 10 (33%) of the patients. All patients with erythema elevatum diutinum had IgA ANCAs. IgA fluorescence in formaldehyde-fixed neutrophils was restricted to those from patients with erythema elevatum diutinum. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays disclosed no single predominant target, and antigens remained largely undetermined in erythema elevatum diutinum.


CONCLUSIONS
The ANCAs, particularly of IgA class, may prove to be a helpful paraclinical marker in erythema elevatum diutinum and an interesting perspective for understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. The nature of the unidentified targets and the pathogenicity of ANCAs, however, remain to be assessed.
Secure and Scalable Cloud-Based Architecture for e-Health Wireless Sensor Networks

There has been a host of research works on wireless sensor networks for medical applications. However, the major shortcoming of these efforts is a lack of consideration of data management. Indeed, the huge amount of high sensitive data generated and collected by medical sensor networks introduces several challenges that existing architectures cannot solve. These challenges include scalability, availability and security. In this paper, we propose an innovative architecture for collecting and accessing large amount of data generated by medical sensor networks. Our architecture resolves all the aforementioned challenges and makes easy information sharing between healthcare professionals. Furthermore, we propose an effective and flexible security mechanism that guarantees confidentiality, integrity as well as fine grained access control to outsourced medical data. This mechanism combines several cryptographic schemes to achieve high flexibility and performance.
Distributed data mining on the grid

In many industrial, scientific and commercial applications, it is often necessary to analyze large data sets, maintained over geographically distributed sites, by using the computational power of distributed and parallel systems. The grid can play a significant role in providing an effective computational support for knowledge discovery applications. We describe a software architecture for geographically distributed high-performance knowledge discovery applications called Knowledge Grid, which is designed on top of computational grid mechanisms, provided by grid environments such as Globus. The Knowledge Grid uses the basic grid services such as communication, authentication, information, and resource management to build more specific parallel and distributed knowledge discovery tools and services. The paper discusses how the Knowledge Grid can be used to implement distributed data mining services. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.