LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Antinociceptive effect of an ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Hilleria latifolia (Lam.) H. Walt. (Phytolaccaceae)

BACKGROUND
Hilleria latifolia (Lam.) H. Walt. (Phytolaccaceae) is a perennial herb used in Ghanaian traditional medicine for the treatment of various painful conditions. Little scientific evidence exists in literature on the effect of this plant on pain.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study examined the antinociceptive effect of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of H. latifolia in chemical (acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, glutamate, formalin, and capsaicin tests) and thermal (tail immersion test) behavioral pain models in rodents. The possible mechanisms of the antinociceptive action were also assessed with various antagonists in the formalin test.


RESULTS
The H. latifolia extract (HLE) together with morphine and diclofenac (positive controls), showed significant antinociceptive activity in all the models used. The antinociceptive effect exhibited by HLE in the formalin test was partly or wholly reversed by the systemic administration of naloxone, theophylline, and atropine. Glibenclamide, ondansetron, yohimbine, nifedipine, and N(G)-L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), however, did not significantly block the antinociceptive effect of the extract. HLE, unlike morphine, did not induce tolerance to its antinociceptive effect in the formalin test after chronic administration; morphine tolerance did not also cross-generalize to HLE. Interestingly, also, the chronic concomitant administration of HLE and morphine significantly suppressed the development of morphine tolerance.


CONCLUSION
Together, these results indicate that HLE produces dose-related antinociception in several models of chemical and thermal pain, without tolerance induction, through mechanisms that involve an interaction with adenosinergic, muscarinic cholinergic, and opioid pathways.
Patterns of treatment utilization before suicide among male veterans with substance use disorders.

OBJECTIVES
We sought to describe the extent and nature of contact with the health care system before suicide among veterans with substance use disorders (SUDs).


METHODS
We examined all male Veterans Health Administration patients who died by suicide between October 1, 1999, and September 30, 2007, and who had a documented SUD diagnosis during the 2 years before death (n = 3132).


RESULTS
Over half (55.5%; n = 1740) of the male patients were seen during the month before suicide, and 25.4% (n = 796) were seen during the week before suicide. In examining those with a medical visit in the year before suicide (n = 2964), most of the last visits before suicide (56.6%; n = 1679) were in a general medical setting, 32.8% (n = 973) were in a specialty mental health setting, and 10.5% (n = 312) were in SUD treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Men with SUDs who died from suicide were frequently seen in the month before their death. Most were last seen in general medical settings, although a substantial minority of those with SUDs was seen in specialty mental health settings.
Evaluation of the Efficiency and Safety of Combined Treatment with Impaza and Nitrates in CHD Patients with Erectile Dysfunction

The safety of combined administration of ultralow doses of antigens to endothelial NO synthase (impaza) and nitrates for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in CHD patients was evaluated in an open non-comparative clinical trial. The efficiency and safety of impaza and the possibility of its administration to patients receiving nitrates were demonstrated.
Fin Whale Sound Reception Mechanisms: Skull Vibration Enables Low-Frequency Hearing

Hearing mechanisms in baleen whales (Mysticeti) are essentially unknown but their vocalization frequencies overlap with anthropogenic sound sources. Synthetic audiograms were generated for a fin whale by applying finite element modeling tools to X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans. We CT scanned the head of a small fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) in a scanner designed for solid-fuel rocket motors. Our computer (finite element) modeling toolkit allowed us to visualize what occurs when sounds interact with the anatomic geometry of the whale's head. Simulations reveal two mechanisms that excite both bony ear complexes, (1) the skull-vibration enabled bone conduction mechanism and (2) a pressure mechanism transmitted through soft tissues. Bone conduction is the predominant mechanism. The mass density of the bony ear complexes and their firmly embedded attachments to the skull are universal across the Mysticeti, suggesting that sound reception mechanisms are similar in all baleen whales. Interactions between incident sound waves and the skull cause deformations that induce motion in each bony ear complex, resulting in best hearing sensitivity for low-frequency sounds. This predominant low-frequency sensitivity has significant implications for assessing mysticete exposure levels to anthropogenic sounds. The din of man-made ocean noise has increased steadily over the past half century. Our results provide valuable data for U.S. regulatory agencies and concerned large-scale industrial users of the ocean environment. This study transforms our understanding of baleen whale hearing and provides a means to predict auditory sensitivity across a broad spectrum of sound frequencies.
On the Structure of 3-connected Matroids and Graphs

An elemente of a 3-connected matroidM is essential if neither the deletion M\e nor the contraction M/e is 3-connected. Tutte’s Wheels and Whirls Theorem proves that the only 3-connected matroids in which every element is essential are the wheels and whirls. In this paper, we consider those 3-connected matroids that have some non-essential elements, showing that every such matroid M must have at least two such elements. We prove that the essential elements of M can be partitioned into classes where two elements are in the same class if M has a fan, a maximal partial wheel, containing both. We also prove that if an essential element e of M is in more than one fan, then that fan has three or five elements; in the latter case, e is in exactly three fans. Moreover, we show that if M has a fan with 2 k or 2k + 1 elements for some k ≥ 2, thenM can be obtained by sticking together a (k + 1)-spoked wheel and a certain 3-connected minor of M . The results proved here will be used elsewhere to completely determine all 3-connected matroids with exactly two non-essential elements.
Characterization of catalytically active sites on aluminum oxides, hydroxyfluorides, and fluorides in correlation with their catalytic behavior

Abstract Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia has been employed for the characterization of halogen exchange catalysts. Nonactivated and activated catalysts are compared in regard to their behavior in adsorption and desorption. Activation of γ-alumina and AlF 2 (OH) increases both the catalytic activity for halogen exchange and the amount and strength of ammonia adsorption. In constrast, β-AlF 3 possesses catalytic activity already without activation. This substance reveals no significant alteration of ammonia adsorption after activation. A connection was observed between the acidity of the catalysts and their reactivity. The nature of the acidic sites was determined by Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy of pyridine chemisorbed on the solid surfaces. The results indicate that Lewis acid sites of a certain strength are responsible for the catalytic activity.
DeepWarp: Photorealistic Image Resynthesis for Gaze Manipulation

Task In this work, we consider the task of image resynthesis. We propose a solution based on neural networks of a specific architecture that can achieve highly photo-realistic results. To demonstrate our approach, we focus on the task of gaze manipulation. Applications: video-conferencing “talking head”-type videos photoand video-editing creation of viral memes Example: During video calls people usually look at the application window and not at the camera⇒ gaze is directed slightly down. Dataset Skoltech Dataset collection procedure: Special stand to minimize head movement Person tracks a moving point on the screen Various head poses and lighting conditions; eyewear Facial landmarks and eye region cropping Previous version was a bit less comfortable:
The tear trough ligament: anatomical basis for the tear trough deformity.

BACKGROUND
The exact anatomical cause of the tear trough remains undefined. This study was performed to identify the anatomical basis for the tear trough deformity.


METHODS
Forty-eight cadaveric hemifaces were dissected. With the skin over the midcheek intact, the tear trough area was approached through the preseptal space above and prezygomatic space below. The origins of the palpebral and orbital parts of the orbicularis oculi (which sandwich the ligament) were released meticulously from the maxilla, and the tear trough ligament was isolated intact and in continuity with the orbicularis retaining ligament. The ligaments were submitted for histologic analysis.


RESULTS
A true osteocutaneous ligament called the tear trough ligament was consistently found on the maxilla, between the palpebral and orbital parts of the orbicularis oculi, cephalad and caudal to the ligament, respectively. It commences medially, at the level of the insertion of the medial canthal tendon, just inferior to the anterior lacrimal crest, to approximately the medial-pupil line, where it continues laterally as the bilayered orbicularis retaining ligament. Histologic evaluation confirmed the ligamentous nature of the tear trough ligament, with features identical to those of the zygomatic ligament.


CONCLUSIONS
This study clearly demonstrated that the prominence of the tear trough has its anatomical origin in the tear trough ligament. This ligament has not been isolated previously using standard dissection, but using the approach described, the tear trough ligament is clearly seen. The description of this ligament sheds new light on considerations when designing procedures to address the tear trough and the midcheek.
Social network sites: definition, history, and scholarship

This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
Reconfigurable Antennas

Reconfigurable antennas change polarization, operating frequency, or far-field pattern in order to cope with changing system parameters. This paper reviews some of the past and current technology applicable to reconfigurable antennas, with several examples of implementations. Mechanically movable parts and arrays are discussed, as well as more-recent semiconductor-component and tunable-material technologies applicable to reconfigurable antennas.
Asthma, the sex difference.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
asthma is a common chronic disease with significant clinical impact worldwide. Sex-related disparities in asthma epidemiology and morbidity exist but debate continues regarding the mechanisms for these differences. There is a need to review the recent findings for asthma care providers and to highlight areas in need of additional research.


RECENT FINDINGS
recent data illustrate striking sex-related differences in asthma epidemiology and disease expression. Studies show an increased incidence of asthma in women. Data demonstrate that asthmatic women have a poorer quality of life and increased utilization of healthcare compared to their male counterparts despite similar medical treatment and baseline pulmonary function. Research continues to explore hypotheses for these differences including the potential influences of the female sex hormones, altered perception of airflow obstruction, increased bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and medication compliance and technique. However, no single explanation has been able to fully explain the disparities.


SUMMARY
women are more likely to be diagnosed with asthma and suffer greater morbidity than men. The physiologic mechanisms for these differences are not well understood. Understanding sex-related differences in asthma and providing patients with education geared toward these disparities are important in establishing effective, individualized asthma management strategies for all patients.
High-Gain Yagi-Uda Antennas for Millimeter-Wave Switched-Beam Systems

A high-efficiency microstrip-fed Yagi-Uda antenna has been developed for millimeter-wave applications. The antenna is built on both sides of a Teflon substrate (epsivr = 2.2) which results in an integrated balun for the feed dipole. A 7-element design results in a measured gain of 9-11 dB at 22-26 GHz with a cross-polarization level of < - 16 dB. The antenna is matched to 50 Omega (microstrip feed). A mutual coupling of < - 20 dB is measured between two Yagi-Uda antennas with a center-to center spacing of 8.75 mm (0.7 lambda0 at 24 GHz), and a two-element array results in a measured gain of 11.5-13 dB at 22-25 GHz. The planar Yagi-Uda antenna results in high radiation efficiency ( > 90 % ) and is suitable for mm-wave radars and high data-rate communication systems.
Cross-domain Feature Selection for Language Identification

We show that transductive (cross-domain) learning is an important consideration in building a general-purpose language identification system, and develop a feature selection method that generalizes across domains. Our results demonstrate that our method provides improvements in transductive transfer learning for language identification. We provide an implementation of the method and show that our system is faster than popular standalone language identification systems, while maintaining competitive accuracy.
Postoperative course and hemodynamic profile after the arterial switch operation in neonates and infants. A comparison of low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest.

BACKGROUND
The neurological morbidity associated with prolonged periods of circulatory arrest has led some cardiac surgical teams to promote continuous low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass as an alternative strategy. The nonneurological postoperative effects of both techniques have been previously studied only in a limited fashion.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We compared the hemodynamic profile (cardiac index and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances), intraoperative and postoperative fluid balance, and perioperative course after deep hypothermia and support consisting predominantly of total circulatory arrest or low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass in a randomized, single-center trial. Eligibility criteria included a diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries and a planned arterial switch operation before the age of 3 months. Of the 171 patients, 129 (66 assigned to circulatory arrest and 63 to low-flow bypass) had an intact ventricular septum and 42 (21 assigned to circulatory arrest and 21 to low-flow bypass) had an associated ventricular septal defect. There were 3 (1.8%) hospital deaths. Patients assigned to low-flow bypass had significantly greater weight gain and positive fluid balance compared with patients assigned to circulatory arrest. Despite the increased weight gain in the infants assigned to low-flow bypass, the duration of mechanical ventilation, stay in the intensive care unit, and hospital stay were similar in both groups. Hemodynamic measurements were made in 122 patients. During the first postoperative night, the cardiac index decreased (32.1 +/- 15.4%, mean +/- SD), while pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance increased. The measured cardiac index was < 2.0 L.min-1.m-2 in 23.8% of the patients, with the lowest measurement typically occurring 9 to 12 hours after surgery. Perfusion strategy assignment was not associated with postoperative hemodynamics or other nonneurological postoperative events.


CONCLUSIONS
After heart surgery in neonates and infants, both low-flow bypass and circulatory arrest perfusion strategies have comparable effects on the nonneurological postoperative course and hemodynamic profile.
Spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide decrease vascular stiffness and blood pressure in geriatric hypertension.

OBJECTIVES
To determine the efficacy of spironolactone (SPIRO) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) as monotherapy in older patients with hypertension in blood pressure (BP) control and measures of vascular stiffness.


DESIGN
Randomized double-blind trial.


SETTING
University teaching hospital.


PARTICIPANTS
Forty-five subjects with hypertension (24 men, 21 women, mean age 69).


INTERVENTION
Six months of HCTZ (n=21) or SPIRO (n=24) therapy titrated to a target systolic BP (SBP) less than 140 mmHg.


MEASUREMENTS
Baseline (after 4 weeks of antihypertensive drug washout) and 6-month 24-hour ambulatory BP data were obtained. Pulse pressure (PP) was calculated as the difference between 24-hour average SBP and DBP. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was determined according to noninvasive recordings of carotid and femoral artery pulse waves.


RESULTS
Six months of HCTZ and SPIRO treatment was associated with significant decreases in 24-hour and nocturnal SBP and diastolic BP (DBP) (analysis of variance (ANOVA) P<.001). At 6 months, average 24-hour and nocturnal SBP were lower in the SPIRO than the HCTZ group (P<.001). PP and PWV also decreased significantly with HCTZ and SPIRO treatments (ANOVA P<.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Six months of therapy with HCTZ or SPIRO resulted in comparable reductions in 24-hour average and nocturnal SBP and DBP, PP, and PWV in older subjects with hypertension.
Communicating in the "gray zone": perceptions about emergency physician hospitalist handoffs and patient safety.

OBJECTIVES
To identify the perceptions of emergency physicians (EPs) and hospitalists regarding interservice handoff communication as patients are transferred from the emergency department to the inpatient setting.


METHODS
Investigators conducted individual interviews with 12 physicians (six EPs and six hospitalists). Data evaluation consisted of using the steps of constant comparative, thematic analysis.


RESULTS
Physicians perceived handoff communication as a gray zone characterized by ambiguity about patients' conditions and treatment. Two major themes emerged regarding the handoff gray zone. The first theme, poor communication practices and conflicting communication expectations, presented barriers that exacerbated physicians' information ambiguity. Specifically, handoffs consisting of insufficient information, incomplete data, omissions, and faulty information flow exacerbated gray zone problems and may negatively affect patient outcomes. EPs and hospitalists had different expectations about handoffs, and those expectations influenced their interactions in ways that may result in communication breakdowns. The second theme illustrated how poor handoff communication contributes to boarding-related patient safety threats for boarders and emergency department patients alike. Those interviewed talked about the systemic failures that lead to patient boarding and how poor handoffs exacerbated system flaws.


CONCLUSIONS
Handoffs between EPs and hospitalists both reflect and contribute to the ambiguity inherent in emergency medicine. Poor handoffs, consisting of faulty communication behaviors and conflicting expectations for information, contribute to patient boarding conditions that can pose safety threats. Pragmatic conclusions are drawn regarding physician-physician communication in patient transfers, and recommendations are offered for medical education.
Biosimilar monoclonal antibodies: the scientific basis for extrapolation.

INTRODUCTION
Biosimilars are biologic products that receive authorization based on an abbreviated regulatory application containing comparative quality and nonclinical and clinical data that demonstrate similarity to a licensed biologic product. Extrapolation of safety and efficacy has emerged as an important way to simplify biosimilar development. Regulatory authorities have generally reached the consensus that extrapolation of similarity from one indication to other approved indications of the reference product can be permitted if it is scientifically justified.


AREAS COVERED
Recently, the first biosimilar, biosimilar infliximab (Remsima/Inflectra) to the innovator monoclonal antibody infliximab (Remicade), was approved in the European Union, Canada and South Korea; the USA subsequently approved its first biosimilar, a less complex molecule (filgrastim-sndz). Based on two clinical trials of biosimilar infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, the European Medicines Agency allowed extrapolation to all eight approved indications for innovator infliximab, whereas Health Canada did not permit extrapolation to the indications for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. These differing decisions on extrapolation of indications for biosimilar infliximab highlight important unanswered regulatory and scientific questions. Here, we propose substantive scientific considerations for indication extrapolation.


EXPERT OPINION
The preclinical and clinical criteria that are currently required to merit indication extrapolation have not been rigorously evaluated.
Evaluation of effectiveness of integrated intervention program in improving drug addicts' psychological health.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the social mental state of drug addicts in a compulsive drug abuse treatment center; evaluate the effectiveness of integrated program for the prevention of abuse relapse and improvement of drug addicts' psychological health.


METHODS
The study subjects were addicts from the Wuhan Compulsive Drug Abuse Treatment Center between October 2003 and June 2004, who satisfied the inclusion criteria. A non-randomized control-intervention study design was adopted. Volunteers willing to take part in intervention were put into the intervention group with their full awareness and willingness to prevent drug abuse relapse. The control group was composed of the addicts who were willing to prevent relapse and to be followed up after their discharge.


RESULTS
The effectiveness of the integrated intervention program in promoting addicts' psychological health: before the intervention, the scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the positive and negative dimensionalities of Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) and Chinese Perceived Stress Scales (CPSS) had no significant differences between the intervention group and the control group. After the intervention, except that the SCSQ's positive dimensionality in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group, other indices in the intervention group were lower. Before and after the intervention, the psychological health level in both the groups was lower than that in the normal population; there were significant differences between addicts and normal subjects in regards with all of the indices above.


CONCLUSION
Drug abuse was associated closely with addicts' social mental factors. The integrated intervention program can alleviate anxiety and stress, reduce co-morbid mental disorders and effectively improve their coping style. In conclusion, the program can promote addicts' psychological health significantly.
Strategies for revision surgery after primary double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction

The purpose of this article was to discuss pre- and intra-operative considerations as well as surgical strategies for different femoral and tibial tunnel scenarios in revision surgery following primary double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Based on the current literature of ACL revision surgery and surgical experience, an algorithm for revision surgery after primary double-bundle ACL reconstruction was created. A guideline and flowchart were created using a case-based approached for revision surgery after primary double-bundle ACL reconstruction. Revision surgery after primary double-bundle ACL reconstruction can be a challenging procedure that requires flexibility and a repertoire of surgical techniques. The combination of pre-operative planning with 3D-CT reconstruction, in addition to careful intra-operative assessment, and the use of this flowchart can simplify the ACL revision procedure. V.