LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the effect of two interdental cleaning devices around implants on the reduction of bleeding: a 30-day randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the effectiveness of a water flosser in reducing the bleeding on probing (BOP) index around dental implants as compared to flossing.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
Patients with implants were randomly assigned to one of two groups in this examiner-masked, single-center study. The study compared the efficacy of a manual toothbrush paired with either traditional string floss or a water flosser.


RESULTS
The primary outcome was the reduction in the incidence of BOP after 30 days. There were no differences in the percent of bleeding sites between the groups at baseline. At 30 days, 18 of the 22 (81.8%) implants in the water flosser group showed a reduction in BOP compared to 6 of the 18 (33.3%) in the floss group (P=0.0018).


CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate that the water flosser group had statistically significantly greater bleeding reduction than the string floss group. The authors concluded that water flossing may be a useful adjuvant for implant hygiene maintenance.
Criterion validation of two submaximal aerobic fitness tests, the self-monitoring Fox-walk test and the Åstrand cycle test in people with rheumatoid arthritis

BACKGROUND
Aerobic capacity tests are important to evaluate exercise programs and to encourage individuals to have a physically active lifestyle. Submaximal tests, if proven valid and reliable could be used for estimation of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). The purpose of the study was to examine the criterion-validity of the submaximal self-monitoring Fox-walk test and the submaximal Åstrand cycle test against a maximal cycle test in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A secondary aim was to study the influence of different formulas for age predicted maximal heart rate when estimating VO2max by the Åstrand test.


METHODS
Twenty seven subjects (81% female), mean (SD) age 62 (8.1) years, diagnosed with RA since 17.9 (11.7) years, participated in the study. They performed the Fox-walk test (775 meters), the Åstrand test and the maximal cycle test (measured VO2max test). Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the direction and strength of the association between the tests, and paired t-tests were used to test potential differences between the tests. Bland and Altman methods were used to assess whether there was any systematic disagreement between the submaximal tests and the maximal test.


RESULTS
The correlation between the estimated and measured VO2max values were strong and ranged between r = 0.52 and r = 0.82 including the use of different formulas for age predicted maximal heart rate, when estimating VO2max by the Åstrand test. VO2max was overestimated by 30% by the Fox-walk test and underestimated by 10% by the Åstrand test corrected for age. When the different formulas for age predicted maximal heart rate were used, the results showed that two formulas better predicted maximal heart rate and consequently a more precise estimation of VO2max.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite the fact that the Fox-walk test overestimated VO2max substantially, the test is a promising method for self-monitoring VO2max and further development of the test is encouraged. The Åstrand test should be considered as highly valid and feasible and the two newly developed formulas for predicting maximal heart rate according to age are preferable to use when estimating VO2max by the Åstrand test.
Do pediatric chief residents recognize details of prepubertal female genital anatomy: a national survey.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate how well a group of recently trained pediatric chief residents could label anatomic structures on two different photographs of female prepubertal genitalia. Additionally, the study sought to explore aspects of pediatric training in sexual abuse and clinical practice issues surrounding the routine genital examination.


METHOD
A 38-item questionnaire was mailed to pediatric chief residents at all of the officially listed pediatric residency-training programs in the continental US. Comparisons were made between this study and the responses to two previous surveys, which asked a more heterogeneous group of physicians to label one of the photographs used in the study. The second photograph was added because of its improved clarity of each anatomic structure when compared to the first photograph used in the previous studies. The study also asked about clinical practice issues surrounding the prepubertal genital examination.


RESULTS
An overall response rate of 73% was achieved and analysis was done on 139 respondents. One-half of chief residents thought that their training during residency on sexual abuse was inadequate for practice. Sixty-four percent of chief residents correctly labeled the hymen on the photograph used in the previous studies, which was not significantly different from the 62% and 59% of physicians who correctly labeled the hymen in the previous surveys. In the second photograph, which more clearly displayed the various anatomic structures, 71% correctly labeled the hymen.


CONCLUSION
Pediatric chief residents reported variable amounts of training on issues pertaining to child sexual abuse during residency, think that this time was inadequate, and, while doing slightly better than a more diverse group of previously studied physicians, did not achieve 100% accuracy in identifying basic genital structures correctly on two different photographs.
Tamoxifen plus tegafur-uracil (TUFT) versus tamoxifen plus Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and cyclophosphamide (ACT) as adjuvant therapy to treat node-positive premenopausal breast cancer (PreMBC): results of Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study 9404

A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of tamoxifen plus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide compared to tamoxifen plus tegafur-uracil as an adjuvant therapy to treat node-positive premenopausal breast cancer (PreMBC). Eligibility criteria included pathologically node-positive (n = 1–9) preMBC with curative resection, in stages I–IIIA. Patients were randomized to receive either tamoxifen 20 mg/day plus tegafur-uracil 400 mg/day (TU) for 2 years or six courses of a 28-day cycle of doxorubicin 40 mg/m2 plus cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 on day 1 along with tamoxifen (ACT) given for 2 years as adjuvant therapy. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS). In total, 169 patients were recruited (TU arm 87, ACT arm 82) between October 1994 and September 1999. The HR for OS was 0.76 (95 % CI 0.35, 1.66, log-rank p = 0.49) and that for RFS was 0.77 (95 % CI 0.44, 1.36, log-rank p = 0.37), with ACT resulting in a better HR. The 5-year OS was 79.7 % for patients in the TU arm and 83 % for those in the ACT arm. The 5-year RFS was 66.1 % for patients in the TU arm and 70.6 % for those in the ACT arm. A higher proportion of patients in the ACT arm experienced grade 3 leucopenia (0 % in the TU arm, 4 % in the ACT arm). There were no significant differences in the efficacy of TU and ACT as adjuvant therapy.
The Riskit Method for Software Risk Management, version 1.00

This paper presents the Riskit method for software engineering risk management. This document contains the motivation for the method, description of the Riskit analysis graph and a detailed description of the Riskit process.
In Defense of MinHash Over SimHash

MinHash and SimHash are the two widely adopted Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) algorithms for large-scale data processing applications. Deciding which LSH to use for a particular problem at hand is an important question, which has no clear answer in the existing literature. In this study, we provide a theoretical answer (validated by experiments) that MinHash virtually always outperforms SimHash when the data are binary, as common in practice such as search. The collision probability of MinHash is a function of resemblance similarity (R), while the collision probability of SimHash is a function of cosine similarity (S). To provide a common basis for comparison, we evaluate retrieval results in terms of S for both MinHash and SimHash. This evaluation is valid as we can prove that MinHash is a valid LSH with respect to S, by using a general inequality S ≤ R ≤ S 2−S . Our worst case analysis can show that MinHash significantly outperforms SimHash in high similarity region. Interestingly, our intensive experiments reveal that MinHash is also substantially better than SimHash even in datasets where most of the data points are not too similar to each other. This is partly because, in practical data, often R ≥ S z−S holds where z is only slightly larger than 2 (e.g., z ≤ 2.1). Our restricted worst case analysis by assuming S z−S ≤ R ≤ S 2−S shows that MinHash indeed significantly outperforms SimHash even in low similarity region. We believe the results in this paper will provide valuable guidelines for search in practice, especially when the data are sparse. Appearing in Proceedings of the 17 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 2014, Reykjavik, Iceland. JMLR: W&CP volume 33. Copyright 2014 by the authors.
Network Traffic Anomaly Detection Based on Packet Bytes

Hostile network traffic is often "different" from benign traffic in ways that can be distinguished without knowing the nature of the attack. We describe a two stage anomaly detection system for identifying suspicious traffic. First, we filter traffic to pass only the packets of most interest, e.g. the first few packets of incoming server requests. Second, we model the most common protocols (IP, TCP, telnet, FTP, SMTP, HTTP) at the packet byte level to flag events (byte values) that have not been observed for a long time. This simple system detects 132 of 185 attacks in the 1999 DARPA IDS evaluation data set [5] with 100 false alarms, after training on one week of attack-free traffic.
Loneliness, Social Networks, and Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Countries

OBJECTIVE
It is widely recognized that social networks and loneliness have effects on health. The present study assesses the differential association that the components of the social network and the subjective perception of loneliness have with health, and analyzes whether this association is different across different countries.


METHODS
A total of 10 800 adults were interviewed in Finland, Poland and Spain. Loneliness was assessed by means of the 3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale. Individuals' social networks were measured by asking about the number of members in the network, how often they had contacts with these members, and whether they had a close relationship. The differential association of loneliness and the components of the social network with health was assessed by means of hierarchical linear regression models, controlling for relevant covariates.


RESULTS
In all three countries, loneliness was the variable most strongly correlated with health after controlling for depression, age, and other covariates. Loneliness contributed more strongly to health than any component of the social network. The relationship between loneliness and health was stronger in Finland (|β| = 0.25) than in Poland (|β| = 0.16) and Spain (|β| = 0.18). Frequency of contact was the only component of the social network that was moderately correlated with health.


CONCLUSIONS
Loneliness has a stronger association with health than the components of the social network. This association is similar in three different European countries with different socio-economic and health characteristics and welfare systems. The importance of evaluating and screening feelings of loneliness in individuals with health problems should be taken into account. Further studies are needed in order to be able to confirm the associations found in the present study and infer causality.
Attack taxonomies for the Modbus protocols

The Modbus protocol and its variants are widely used in industrial control applications, especially for pipeline operations in the oil and gas sector. This paper describes the principal attacks on the Modbus Serial and Modbus TCP protocols and presents the corresponding attack taxonomies. The attacks are summarized according to their threat categories, targets and impact on control system assets. The attack taxonomies facilitate formal risk analysis efforts by clarifying the nature and scope of the security threats on Modbus control systems and networks. Also, they provide insights into potential mitigation strategies and the relative costs and benefits of implementing these strategies. c © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Acupuncture for treatment of insomnia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND
Acupuncture is commonly used in treating insomnia in China, and clinical studies have shown that acupuncture may have a beneficial effect on insomnia compared with Western medication.


METHODS
We included randomized controlled trials on acupuncture for insomnia. We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library (2008 Issue 3), China Network Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), and Wan Fang Database. All searches ended in December 2008. Two authors extracted data and assessed the trials' quality independently. RevMan 5.0.17 software was used for data analysis with effect estimate presented as relative risk (RR) and mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).


RESULTS
Forty-six (46) randomized trials involving 3811 patients were included, and the methodological quality of trials was generally fair in terms of randomization, blinding, and intention-to-treat analysis. Meta-analyses showed a beneficial effect of acupuncture compared with no treatment (MD -3.28, 95% CI -6.10 to -0.46, p = 0.02; 4 trials) and real acupressure compared with sham acupressure (MD -2.94, 95% CI -5.77 to -0.11, p = 0.04; 2 trials) on total scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Acupuncture was superior to medications regarding the number of patients with total sleep duration increased for >3 hours (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.24-1.88, p < 0.0001). However, there was no difference between acupuncture and medications in average sleep duration (MD -0.06, 95% CI -0.30-0.18, p = 0.63). Acupuncture plus medications showed better effect than medications alone on total sleep duration (MD 1.09, 95% CI 0.56-1.61, p < 0.0001). Similarly, acupuncture plus herbs was significantly better than herbs alone on increase of sleep rates (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.12-2.50, p = 0.01). There were no serious adverse effects with related to acupuncture treatment in the included trials.


CONCLUSIONS
Acupuncture appears to be effective in treatment of insomnia. However, further large, rigorous designed trials are warranted.
Marketing and Public Administration: Contributions and limits of public Marketing in Tunisia

The objective of this paper is to show that Public Administration and Marketing are not two opposing fields. We will try to understand the contributions and limits of the application of the practices marketing to the public sector in Tunisia. We are based on four interviews with public administration agents from different Tunisian Administrations.
Neurophysiological assessment of the injured spinal cord: an intraoperative approach

Study design:Prospective, observational study.Objectives:To assess the spinal cord function intraoperatively in subjects during spine stabilization for spinal cord trauma, by recording muscular (m-MEPs) and epidural motor evoked potentials (e-MEPs, D wave) along with cortical and epidural somatosensory evoked potentials (e-SEPs) and predicting the outcome of spinal cord injury (SCI).Setting:Regional Trauma Center, Torino, Italy.Methods:Fifty-five patients were intraoperatively studied during posterior spine stabilization surgery for traumatic SCI. In all, 21 of these had complete SCI, 14 an incomplete SCI—6 of them with central cord syndrome and 1 with central cord plus Brown Sequard syndrome—and 20 patients were neurologically uncompromised.Results:The neurophysiologic profile of the complete SCI was the absence of both m-MEPs and e-MEPs caudally to the lesion site, associated with a lack of cortical and e-SEPs cranially to the lesion site. None of these patients recovered motor function in the follow-up. A clearly detectable caudal D wave was associated with motor recovery even in deeply paraparetic patients. In one neurologically incomplete patient a reversible deterioration of m-MEPs and e-MEPs was observed during the compression-distraction manoeuvre.Conclusion:Intraoperative neurophysiological evaluation of SCI patients can provide information about spinal cord function that is not retrievable by other clinical means and can correctly predict neurological outcome. Intraoperative testing during early stabilization of the spine of deeply paraparetic SCI patients provides additional information about their neurological profile.
The geometry of regular trees with the Faber?Krahn property

In this paper we prove a Faber-Krahn-type inequality for regular trees with boundary and give a complete characterization of extremal trees. The main tools are rearrangements and perturbation of regular trees.
An introduction to western philosophy : ideas and argument from Plato to Sartre

Combines the author's insights and observations with selections from the writings of classical philosophers.
Retirement and Social Security in a Probabilistic Voting Model

Why are social security transfers associated with retirement rules? This paper focuses on the political interactions between retirement and social security. Using a probabilistic voting approach, it analyzes why old people are induced to retire in order to receive pension transfers from the young. A crucial hypothesis is that leisure in old age represents a “merit good”, which is positively valued by all agents in the society, young and old. Thus, the politicians choose to tax the labor income of the old, to induce them to retire. Retirement increases the level of ideological homogeneity of the old. In fact, once retired, the elderly are more “single-minded”, since they only care about redistributive issues, such as pensions. This increase in their political power allows them to win the political game and to receive a positive transfer from the young (social security).
The outerbridge classification predicts the need for patellar resurfacing in TKA.

UNLABELLED
Patellar resurfacing (PR) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial. The Outerbridge classification of cartilage defects in the patella is commonly used in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine if the Outerbridge classification can predict the need for PR as part of total knee arthroplasty. Between 1995 and 2000, we performed a prospective, randomized study of 500 TKAs. We carried out PR depending on the Outerbridge classification of the patella at the time of surgery. Patients with Outerbridge Grades I, II, and III formed Group A, whereas patients with Grade IV formed Group B. Within each group, resurfacing was completed on half of the patients. Group A had 328 patients (164 with PR, 164 without PR). In Group B, there were 172 patients (86 with PR, 86 without PR). An identical prosthetic design was used for both groups. The minimum followup was 5 years (average, 7.8 years) for both Group A and Group B. At the end of followup, we assessed the number of patients in each group that required secondary resurfacing as a result of patellofemoral pain. Patients in Group A required fewer revisions for PF pain. In Group A, only one patient required a secondary PR (0.6% rate), whereas in Group B, 10 patients needed PR (11.6% rate). In Group B, the risk of need of a patellar resurfacing was 21.5 times greater than in Group A. On the basis of these findings, we recommend PR in Outerbridge Grade IV patellae, but not in Grades I, II, and III.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level II, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
PHYSICAL LAYER SECURITY USING ARTIFICIAL NOISE

The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his/her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. i ACKNOWLEDGMENT I am truly indebted and thankful to my scholarship sponsor ―National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA), Nigeria‖ for giving me the rare privilege to study at the University of Leeds. I am sincerely and heartily grateful to my supervisor Dr. Des McLernon for his valuable support, patience and guidance throughout the course of this dissertation. I am sure it would not have been possible without his help. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Romero-Zurita Nabil for his enthusiastic encouragement, useful critique, recommendation and providing me with great information resources. I also acknowledge my colleague Frempong Kwadwo for his invaluable suggestions and discussion. Finally, I would like to appreciate my parents for their support and encouragement throughout my study at Leeds. Above all, special thanks to God Almighty for the gift of life. ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to family especially; to my parents for inculcating the importance of hardwork and higher education to Omobolanle for being a caring and loving sister. to Abimbola for believing in me.