LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Mining millions of reviews: a technique to rank products based on importance of reviews

As online shopping becomes increasingly more popular, many shopping web sites encourage existing customers to add reviews of products purchased. These reviews make an impact on the purchasing decisions of potential customers. At Amazon.com for instance, some products receive hundreds of reviews. It is overwhelming and time restrictive for most customers to read, comprehend and make decisions based on all of these reviews. Customers most likely end up reading only a small fraction of the reviews usually in the order which they are presented on the product page. Incorporating various product review factors, such as: content related to product quality, time of the review, content related to product durability and historically older positive customer reviews will have different impacts on the products rankings. Thus, the automated mining of product reviews and opinions to produce a re-calculated product ranking score is a valuable tool which would allow potential customers to make more informed decisions. In this paper, we present a product ranking model that applies weights to product review factors to calculate a products ranking score. Our experiments use the customer reviews from Amazon.com as input to our product ranking model which produces product ranking results that closely relate to the products sales ranking as reported by the retailer.
Availability Analysis of Gas Turbines Used in Power Plants

The availability of a complex system, such as a gas turbine, is strongly associated with its parts reliability and maintenance policy. That policy not only has influence on the parts’ repair time but also on the parts’ reliability affecting the system degradation and availability. This study presents a method for reliability and availability evaluation of gas turbines installed in an electric power station. The method is based on system reliability concepts, such as functional tree development, application of failure mode and effects analysis to identify critical components for improvement of system reliability, and reliability and maintainability evaluation based on a historical failure database. The method also proposes the application of Reliability Centered Maintenance concepts to improve complex system maintenance policies aimed at the reduction of unexpected failure occurrences in critical components. The method is applied to the analysis of two F series gas turbines, each with an output of 150 MW, installed in a 500 MW combined cycle power plant. The reliability and availability of the turbines are simulated based on a five-year failure database. The availability analysis shows different results for each turbine, one presenting 99% and the other 96% availability, indicating differences in their systems installation and operation.
Topic- and Time-Oriented Visual Text Analysis

In this article, we first present the benefit of combing text analysis (topic models in particular) with interactive visualization. We then highlight examples from prior work on topic and time-oriented visual text analysis. Lastly, we present four challenges that warrant additional future research in the field of visual text analysis.
apTreeshape: statistical analysis of phylogenetic tree shape

apTreeshape is a R package dedicated to simulation and analysis of phylogenetic tree topologies using statistical imbalance measures. It is a companion library of the R package 'ape', which provides additional functions for reading, plotting, manipulating phylogenetic trees and for connecting to public phylogenetic tree databases. One strength of the package is to include appropriate corrections of classical shape statistics as well as new tests based on the statistical theory of likelihood ratios.
Text-book on Railroad Surveying

THIS book gives a fair representation of American practice in railroad surveying. The subject-matter includes brief directions for carrying out the preliminary reconnaissance in various types of country, and the location of the best route. Fuller explanations follow of the setting out of circular and spiral transition curves; this section includes turn-outs, connections, and crossings. Earthwork problems are also treated. Methods are explained of shifting the location of curves in the field from that shown on the plan in order to secure better conditions of cutting or filling. The text occupies 125 pages, and the remaining 138 pages are taken up with tables giving curve functions, logarithms of numbers, trigonometrical functions of angles and earthwork. Detailed mathematical solutions are omitted, and an elementary knowledge of surveying is assumed. Judging from the terse nature of the contents, the title “Pocket-book of Railroad Surveying” would probably be more appropriate, and would convey to engineers the fact that the book will be found to be a useful companion in his field operations.Text-book on Railroad Surveying.By G. W. Pickels C. C. Wiley. Pp. ix + 263. (New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.; London: Chapman and Hall, Ltd., 1914.) Price 10s. 6d. net.
Logistic regression and CART in the analysis of multimarker studies.

BACKGROUND
The rapid development of new biomarkers increasingly motivates multimarker studies to assess/compare the value of different markers for risk stratification or diagnostic prediction. Analysis of these studies is usually governed by logistic regression (LR) which is however often applied quite uncritically resulting in unclear or even deceptive results.


METHODS AND DATA
This methodological review is intended for the practical medical researcher and critically discusses in non-technical terms where possible LR models and CART (classification and regression trees) as analytical approaches for multimarker studies. Some in practice often neglected but vital aspects for a valid application and interpretation of LR models are presented and the basic principles of building and interpreting a CART tree are demonstrated. All approaches are applied to original data of a multimarker study which aimed to assess and compare the value of different laboratory parameters to predict the need for intensive care treatment in unselected emergency room patients.


CONCLUSIONS
When applied prudently, both LR and CART are suitable for the analysis of multimarker studies. For a valid interpretation of LR it is especially important that the format of the model fits the study design. In general LR and CART will identify very similar sets of significant markers. While LR models generally focus more on the relative statistical significance of the assessed markers, CART results emphasise the absolute effects; results come as observed risk groups. Thus the complementary use of both techniques seems to be a promising approach to perform the difficult task of analysing and interpreting the results of multimarker studies.
TIGHT ROCK PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT BY PRESSURE PULSE DECAY AND MODELING

Gas permeability of tight rocks of gas shale, oil shale and limestone samples was measured using a newly developed pressure pulse decay permeameter. In developing the apparatus,we adopted temperature compensated pressure transmitters, advanced data logging system and modern fitting technology. Tests can be run at confining pressures up to 10,000 psi (700 bars)and pore fluid gas pressure up to 4350 psi (300 bars). The systems were tested leakage free and the pressure decay data were further corrected with simultaneously temperature measurements to eliminate temperature effects. The permeameter has the capability of measuring range of 1mD to 1nD and with uncertainty of equivalent to permeability lower than 0.5nD. The pressure decay data were processed using similar method of Brace but taking into account the effects of the temperature and pressure dependent gas viscosity and compressibility of Nitrogen by using a Virial equation. The samples have measured permeability in the range of 0.1mD to 10 nD. Using high pressure mercury injection (MICP) data as input and adopted integrated Darcy’s and Poiseuille’sequations, the theoretical permeability of these tight rockswere calculated assuming cylindrical pore shape and compared with the measurements. Four samples were selected to perform permeability measurements with both pulse decay method and steady-state method. The measured permeability values by pulse decay are higher than those obtained by steady-state method.
Experimental Study of a Nozzle Using Fluidic Counterflow for Thrust Vectoring

A static experimental investigation of a counterflow thrust vectoring nozzle concept was performed. The study was conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center Jet Exit Test Facility. Internal performance characteristics were defined over a nozzle pressure ratio (jet total to ambient) range of 3.5 to 10.0. The effects of suction collar geometry and suction slot height on nozzle performance were examined. In the counterflow concept, thrust vectoring is achieved by applying a vacuum to a slot adjacent to a primary jet that is shrouded by a suction collar. Two flow phenomena work to vector the primary jet depending upon the test conditions and configuration. In one case, the vacuum source creates a secondary reverse flowing stream near the primary jet. The shear layers between the two counterflowing streams mix and entrain mass from the surrounding fluid. The presence of the collar inhibits mass entrainment and the flow near the collar accelerates, causing a drop in pressure on the collar. The second case works similarly except that the vacuum is not powerful enough to create a counterflowing stream and instead a coflowing stream is present. The primary jet is vectored if suction is applied asymmetrically on the top or bottom of the jet.
Differential evolution trained wavelet neural networks: Application to bankruptcy prediction in banks

In this study, differential evolution algorithm (DE) is proposed to train a wavelet neural network (WNN). The resulting network is named as differential evolution trained wavelet neural network (DEWNN). The efficacy of DEWNN is tested on bankruptcy prediction datasets viz. US banks, Turkish banks and Spanish banks. Further, its efficacy is also tested on benchmark datasets such as Iris, Wine and Wisconsin Breast Cancer. Moreover, Garson’s algorithm for feature selection in multi layer perceptron is adapted in the case of DEWNN. The performance of DEWNN is compared with that of threshold accepting trained wavelet neural network (TAWNN) [Vinay Kumar, K., Ravi, V., Mahil Carr, & Raj Kiran, N. (2008). Software cost estimation using wavelet neural networks. Journal of Systems and Software] and the original wavelet neural network (WNN) in the case of all data sets without feature selection and also in the case of four data sets where feature selection was performed. The whole experimentation is conducted using 10-fold cross validation method. Results show that soft computing hybrids viz., DEWNN and TAWNN outperformed the original WNN in terms of accuracy and sensitivity across all problems. Furthermore, DEWNN outscored TAWNN in terms of accuracy and sensitivity across all problems except Turkish banks dataset. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
MODELLING ISSUES FOR TALL REINFORCED CONCRETE CORE WALL BUILDINGS

Reinforced concrete walls are commonly used as the primary lateral force-resisting system for tall buildings. As the tools for conducting nonlinear response history analysis have improved and with the advent of performancebased seismic design, reinforced concrete walls and core walls are often employed as the only lateral forceresisting system. Proper modelling of the load versus deformation behaviour of reinforced concrete walls and link beams is essential to accurately predict important response quantities. Given this critical need, an overview of modelling approaches appropriate to capture the lateral load responses of both slender and stout reinforced concrete walls, as well as link beams, is presented. Modelling of both fl exural and shear responses is addressed, as well as the potential impact of coupled fl exure–shear behaviour. Model results are compared with experimental results to assess the ability of common modelling approaches to accurately predict both global and local experimental responses. Based on the fi ndings, specifi c recommendations are made for general modelling issues, limiting material strains for combined bending and axial load, and shear backbone relations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human-in-the-loop development of soft wearable robots

© 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved. It is exciting to imagine a future in which soft wearable robots can be worn underneath clothing. This would enable a paradigm change in how we assist healthy indi­ viduals (for example, by providing support to soldiers overburdened by heavy loads) and patients with mobility impairments (for example, by eliminating the need for canes, plastic braces and walkers). A rapidly increasing number of academic and industry groups are working on the development of soft robotic component techno­ logies and integrated soft wearable robot systems. Soft wearable robots will not replace traditional rigid exo­ skeletons that are emerging as a valuable clinical tool for patients with severe impairments, but will instead offer complementary capabilities for applications which require soft systems.
On the continuity of the eigenvalues of a sublaplacian Amine Aribi

We study the behavior of the eigenvalues of a sublaplacian ∆b on a compact strictly pseudoconvex CR manifold M, as functions on the set P+ of positively oriented contact forms on M by endowing P+ with a natural metric topology.
Efficacy of melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide in patients older than 75 years with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: IFM 01/01 trial.

PURPOSE
Until recently, melphalan and prednisone were the standards of care in elderly patients with multiple myeloma. The addition of thalidomide to this combination demonstrated a survival benefit for patients age 65 to 75 years. This randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III trial investigated the efficacy of melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide in patients older than 75 years with newly diagnosed myeloma.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Between April 2002 and December 2006, 232 previously untreated patients with myeloma, age 75 years or older, were enrolled and 229 were randomly assigned to treatment. All patients received melphalan (0.2 mg/kg/d) plus prednisone (2 mg/kg/d) for 12 courses (day 1 to 4) every 6 weeks. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 100 mg/d of oral thalidomide (n = 113) or placebo (n = 116), continuously for 72 weeks. The primary end point was overall survival.


RESULTS
After a median follow-up of 47.5 months, overall survival was significantly longer in patients who received melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide compared with those who received melphalan and prednisone plus placebo (median, 44.0 v 29.1 months; P = .028). Progression-free survival was significantly prolonged in the melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide group (median, 24.1 v 18.5 months; P = .001). Two adverse events were significantly increased in the melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide group: grade 2 to 4 peripheral neuropathy (20% v 5% in the melphalan and prednisone plus placebo group; P < .001) and grade 3 to 4 neutropenia (23% v 9%; P = .003).


CONCLUSION
This trial confirms the superiority of the combination melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide over melphalan and prednisone alone for prolonging survival in very elderly patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. Toxicity was acceptable.
Stent-assisted coiling of bifurcation aneurysms may improve endovascular treatment: a critical evaluation in an experimental model.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Endovascular treatment of wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms often results in incomplete occlusion or aneurysm recurrence. The goals of this study were to compare results of coil embolization with or without the assistance of self-expandable stents and to examine how stents may influence neointima formation.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms were constructed in 24 animals and, after 4-6 weeks, were randomly allocated to 1 of 5 groups: 1) coil embolization using the assistance of 1 braided stent (n = 5); 2) coil embolization using the assistance of 2 braided stents in a Y configuration (n = 5); 3) coil embolization without stent assistance (n = 6); 4) Y-stenting alone (n = 4); and 5) untreated controls (n = 4). Angiographic results were compared at baseline and at 12 weeks, by using an ordinal scale. Neointima formation at the neck at 12 weeks was compared among groups by using a semiquantitative grading scale. Bench studies were performed to assess stent porosities.


RESULTS
Initial angiographic results were improved with single stent-assisted coiling compared with simple coiling (P = .013). Angiographic results at 12 weeks were improved with any stent assistance (P = .014). Neointimal closure of the aneurysm neck was similar with or without stent assistance (P = .908), with neointima covering coil loops but rarely stent struts. Y-stent placement alone had no therapeutic effect. Bench studies showed that porosities can be decreased with stent compaction, but a relatively stable porous transition zone was a limiting factor.


CONCLUSIONS
Stent-assisted coiling may improve results of embolization by allowing more complete initial coiling, but these high-porosity stents did not provide a scaffold for more complete neointimal closure of aneurysms.
IJ-OpenCV: Combining ImageJ and OpenCV for processing images in biomedicine

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The effective processing of biomedical images usually requires the interoperability of diverse software tools that have different aims but are complementary. The goal of this work is to develop a bridge to connect two of those tools: ImageJ, a program for image analysis in life sciences, and OpenCV, a computer vision and machine learning library.


METHODS
Based on a thorough analysis of ImageJ and OpenCV, we detected the features of these systems that could be enhanced, and developed a library to combine both tools, taking advantage of the strengths of each system. The library was implemented on top of the SciJava converter framework. We also provide a methodology to use this library.


RESULTS
We have developed the publicly available library IJ-OpenCV that can be employed to create applications combining features from both ImageJ and OpenCV. From the perspective of ImageJ developers, they can use IJ-OpenCV to easily create plugins that use any functionality provided by the OpenCV library and explore different alternatives. From the perspective of OpenCV developers, this library provides a link to the ImageJ graphical user interface and all its features to handle regions of interest.


CONCLUSIONS
The IJ-OpenCV library bridges the gap between ImageJ and OpenCV, allowing the connection and the cooperation of these two systems.
Profit shifting and ' aggressive ' tax planning by multinational firms : Issues and options for reform

This paper discusses the issue of profit shifting and ‘aggressive’ tax planning by multinational firms. The paper makes two contributions. Firstly, we provide some background information to the debate by giving a brief overview over existing empirical studies on profit shifting and by describing arrangements for IP-based profit shifting which are used by the companies currently accused of avoiding taxes. We then show that preventing this type of tax avoidance is, in principle, straightforward. Secondly, we argue that, in the short term, policy makers should focus on extending withholding taxes in an internationally coordinated way. Other measures which are currently being discussed, in particular unilateral measures like limitations on interest and license deduction, fundamental reforms of the international tax system and country-by-country reporting, are either economically harmful or need to be elaborated much further before their introduction can be considered. JEL Classification: H20, H25, F23, K34
Report on Experiments and Clinical Cases ― Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Clinically Node-Negative Breast Cancer

Background: In patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer, diagnosed with palpation and several types of imaging examination, sentinel lymph nodes accurately predict the status of the other axillary nodes, which determine the nature of subsequent adjuvant treatment. In addition, compared with axillary lymph node dissection, sentinel-node biopsy results in less postoperative morbidity, including pain, numbness, swelling, and reduced mobility in the ipsilateral arm. Methods: We analyzed the validity of the sentinel node biopsy procedure using dual-agent injection of blue dye and radioactive colloid performed in our hospital from May 2006 through March 2010. A total of 258 breasts of 253 patients were studied. Simultaneous axillary lymph node dissection was performed only if rapid intraoperative diagnosis identified metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes. The identification rate, accuracy, provisional false-negative rate, which was calculated with data from all 65 patients whose sentinel lymph nodes had metastasis, and axillary recurrence rate of sentinel node biopsy were calculated. Results: The sentinel node identification rate was 99.2%, and the accuracy of sentinel lymph node status was 98.0%. The provisional false-negative rate was 7.7%. During an observation period averaging 24 months, axillary recurrence was observed in only 1 of 256 cases (0.4%), and there were no cases of parasternal recurrence. In patients who underwent sentinel-node biopsy without axillary lymph node dissection, there was no obvious morbidity. Conclusion: Our sentinel-node biopsy procedure yielded satisfactory results, which were not inferior to the results of previous clinical trials. Thus, we conclude our sentinel-node biopsy procedure is feasible. If the efficacy and safety of sentinel-node biopsy are confirmed in several large-scale randomized controlled trials in Europe and the United States, sentinel-node biopsy will become a standard surgical technique in the management of clinically node-negative breast cancer. (J Nippon Med Sch 2011; 78: 96―100)
Emotion, regulation, and moral development.

Research and theory on the role of emotion and regulation in morality have received considerable attention in the last decade. Much relevant work has concerned the role of moral emotions in moral behavior. Research on differences between embarrassment, guilt, and shame and their relations to moral behavior is reviewed, as is research on the association of these emotions with negative emotionality and regulation. Recent issues concerning the role of such empathy-related responses as sympathy and personal distress to prosocial and antisocial behavior are discussed, as is the relation of empathy-related responding to situational and dispositional emotionality and regulation. The development and socialization of guilt, shame, and empathy also are discussed briefly. In addition, the role of nonmoral emotions (e.g. anger and sadness), including moods and dispositional differences in negative emotionality and its regulation, in morally relevant behavior, is reviewed.