LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Imperial Russian History Atlas

Bargaining with reading habit is no need. Reading is not kind of something sold that you can take or not. It is a thing that will change your life to life better. It is the thing that will give you many things around the world and this universe, in the real world and here after. As what will be given by this imperial russian history atlas, how can you bargain with the thing that has many benefits for you?
Stock Price Cycles and Business Cycles

We present a business cycle model in which Bayesian learning about stock price behavior gives rise to boom and bust cycles in stock prices. Stock price cycles transmit into the real economy by generating inefficient price signals for the desirability of new investment and act as a ‘financial accelerator’ that operates even in the absence of financial frictions. The model successfully replicates the quantitative behavior of U.S. stock prices and business cycles, despite assuming time-separable consumption preferences with low risk aversion, a perfectly flexible labor market, and featuring productivity shocks as the only exogenous driving force. Under rational stock price expectations, the model performs poorly: it generates only small amounts of stock price volatility and fails to match the volatility of investment and hours worked in the absence of investment-specific technology shocks. JEL Class.No.: E32, E44, G12
Case Series: Vaginal Rupture Injuries after Sexual Assault in Children and Adolescents.

BACKGROUND
Vaginal rupture after sexual assault is a rare but life-threatening occurrence requiring prompt recognition and treatment. Herein, we describe four such cases in children. Our purposes are to increase clinicians' awareness of the physical trauma that a sexual abuse victim can suffer and increase recognition that these victims require immediate trauma services.


CASES
Each patient had obvious hymenal and vaginal lacerations with a vaginal apical rupture injury and secondary acute blood loss. None of the four victims sustained infectious sequelae.


SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Providers should have a low threshold for managing sexual abuse victims as trauma cases when they have obvious hymenal and vaginal lacerations and genital bleeding, proceeding expeditiously to examination using general anesthesia when appropriate.
A critical review of the literature on spreadsheet errors

Article history: Received 8 December 2006 Received in revised form 20 May 2008 Accepted 2 June 2008 Available online 7 June 2008 Among those who study spreadsheet use, it is widely accepted that errors are prevalent in operational spreadsheets and that errors can lead to poor decisions and cost millions of dollars. However, relatively little is known about what types of errors actually occur, how they were created, how they can be detected, and how they can be avoided or minimized. This paper summarizes and critiques the research literature on spreadsheet errors from the viewpoint of a manager who wishes to improve operational spreadsheet quality. We also offer suggestions for future research directions that can improve the state of knowledge about spreadsheet errors and mitigate spreadsheet risks. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Recombinant human activated protein C attenuates cardiovascular and microcirculatory dysfunction in acute lung injury and septic shock

INTRODUCTION
This prospective, randomized, controlled, experimental animal study looks at the effects of recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC) on global hemodynamics and microcirculation in ovine acute lung injury (ALI) and septic shock, resulting from smoke inhalation injury.


METHODS
Twenty-one sheep (37 ± 2 kg) were operatively prepared for chronic study and randomly allocated to either the sham, control, or rhAPC group (n = 7 each). The control and rhAPC groups were subjected to insufflation of four sets of 12 breaths of cotton smoke followed by instillation of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa into both lung lobes, according to an established protocol. Healthy sham animals were not subjected to the injury and received only four sets of 12 breaths of room air and instillation of the vehicle (normal saline). rhAPC (24 μg/kg/hour) was intravenously administered from 1 hour post injury until the end of the 24-hour experiment. Regional microvascular blood flow was analyzed using colored microspheres. All sheep were mechanically ventilated with 100% oxygen, and fluid resuscitated with lactated Ringer's solution to maintain hematocrit at baseline levels.


RESULTS
The rhAPC-associated reduction in heart malondialdehyde (MDA) and heart 3-nitrotyrosine (a reliable indicator of tissue injury) levels occurred parallel to a significant increase in mean arterial pressure and to a significant reduction in heart rate and cardiac output compared with untreated controls that showed a typical hypotensive, hyperdynamic response to the injury (P < 0.05). In addition, rhAPC significantly attenuated the changes in microvascular blood flow to the trachea, kidney, and spleen compared with untreated controls (P < 0.05 each). Blood flow to the ileum and pancreas, however, remained similar between groups. The cerebral blood flow as measured in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, thalamus, pons, and hypothalamus, was significantly increased in untreated controls, due to a loss of cerebral autoregulation in septic shock. rhAPC stabilized cerebral blood flow at baseline levels, as in the sham group.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that rhAPC stabilized cardiovascular functions and attenuated the changes in visceral and cerebral microcirculation in sheep suffering from ALI and septic shock by reduction of cardiac MDA and 3-nitrotyrosine.
Impact of individual platelet lysates on isolation and growth of human mesenchymal stromal cells.

BACKGROUND AIMS
Culture medium for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) is frequently supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS). FCS can induce xenogeneic immune reactions, transmit bovine pathogens and has a high lot-to-lot variability that hampers reproducibility of results. Several studies have demonstrated that pooled human platelet lysate (HPL) provides an attractive alternative for FCS. However, little is known about the variation between different platelet lysates.


METHODS
We compared activities of individual HPL on initial fibroblastoid colony-forming units (CFU-F), proliferation, in vitro differentiation and long-term culture. These data were correlated with chemokine profiles of HPL.


RESULTS
Isolation of MSC with either HPL or FCS resulted in similar CFU-F frequency, colony morphology, immunophenotype and adipogenic differentiation potential. Osteogenic differentiation was even more pronounced in HPL than FCS. There were significant differences in MSC proliferation with different HPL, but it was always higher in comparison with FCS. Cell growth correlated with the concentration of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and there was a moderate association with platelet counts. All HPL facilitated expansion for more than 20 population doublings.


CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, reliable long-term expansion was possible with all HPL, although there was some variation in platelet lysates of individual units. Therefore the use of donor recipient-matched or autologous HPL is feasible for therapeutic MSC products.
Energy Saving Potentials and Air Quality Benefits of Urban Heat IslandMitigation

Urban areas tend to have higher air temperatures than their rural surroundings as a result of gradual surface modifications that include replacing the natural vegetation with buildings and roads. The term “Urban Heat Island” describes this phenomenon. The surfaces of buildings and pavements absorb solar radiation and become extremely hot, which in turn warm the surrounding air. Cities that have been “paved over” do not receive the benefit of the natural cooling effect of vegetation. As the air temperature rises, so does the demand for air-conditioning (a/c). This leads to higher emissions from power plants, as well as increased smog formation as a result of warmer temperatures. In the United States, we have found that this increase in air temperature is responsible for 5– 10% of urban peak electric demand for a/c use, and as much as 20% of populationweighted smog concentrations in urban areas. Simple ways to cool the cities are the use of reflective surfaces (rooftops and pavements) and planting of urban vegetation. On a large scale, the evapotranspiration from vegetation and increased reflection of incoming solar radiation by reflective surfaces will cool a community a few degrees in the summer. As an example, computer simulations for Los Angeles, CA show that resurfacing about two-third of the pavements and rooftops with reflective surfaces and planting three trees per house can cool down LA by an average of 2–3K. This reduction in air temperature will reduce urban smog exposure in the LA basin by roughly the same amount as removing the basin entire onroad vehicle exhaust. Heat island mitigation is an effective air pollution control strategy, more than paying for itself in cooling energy cost savings. We estimate that the cooling energy savings in U.S. from cool surfaces and shade trees, when fully implemented, is about $5 billion per year (about $100 per air-conditioned house).
Emotional Intelligence and Gender as Predictors of Academic Achievement among Some University Students in Barbados.

This study investigated emotional intelligence (attending to emotion, positive expressivity and negative expressivity) and gender as predictors of academic achievement among 163 undergraduate psychology students in The University of the West Indies (UWI), Cave Hill Campus, Barbados. Results revealed significant positive and negative correlations among academic achievement, emotional intelligence components and gender. Additionally, using the stepwise multiple regression analysis, it was found that emotional intelligence contributed 40% (Rsq= 0.396) to the variance in academic achievement while simple regression analysis revealed that gender also contributed 5% (Rsq =0.048) to academic achievement and these results were significant indicating that both emotional intelligence and gender predicted academic achievement but emotional intelligence was a better predictor of academic achievement than gender. The Independent t-test analysis also revealed gender disparity in academic achievement and attending to emotions in favour of girls. These findings were discussed in the paper.
Measuring Sustainable Accessibility

Transport is one of the most significant sources of un-sustainability in urban regional areas. This challenge is stimulating urban planners and decision-makers to incorporate the concept of sustainability into their policy design at various levels. Despite its successful implementation in several sectors and wide recognition in the academic and professional debate, sustainability is still not as evident in day-to-day regional planning practice. Interpretable measures integrating accessibility and sustainability and linking with policymaking practice are relatively scarce. This paper aims to make some steps towards measuring sustainable accessibility, which in turn is intended to help regional planners define the potential problems and design possible alternatives at strategic planning level for a sustainable regional transport and land use system. The proposed methodology for such measurement consists of the concept of conflicts in the planning process, job opportunity modeling, sustainability and spatial conflict analysis. The Amsterdam urban region in the Netherlands is taken as a case study and sustainable accessibility is measured in an integrated GIS environment, followed by corresponding policy implications for strategy design. The experimental study demonstrates that the indicator of sustainable accessibility can be incorporated into the process of strategic policy design. Cheng, Bertolini & le Clercq 3
Age-specific gender differences in early mortality following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in China

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether younger, but not older, women in China have higher in-hospital mortality following ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) compared with men, and whether this relationship varied over the last decade or across rural/urban areas.


METHODS
We analysed a nationally representative sample of 11 986 patients with STEMI from 162 Chinese hospitals in 2001, 2006 and 2011, in the China PEACE-Retrospective AMI Study and compared in-hospital mortality between women and men with gender-age interactions in multivariable models.


RESULTS
The overall in-hospital mortality rate was higher in women compared with men (17.2% vs 9.1%, p<0.0001; unadjusted OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.85 to 2.33). The unadjusted OR for mortality in women, compared with men, was 2.20 (95% CI 1.59 to 3.04), 2.21 (95% CI 1.74 to 2.79), 1.37 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.65) and 1.25 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.63) for ages <60, 60-69, 70-79 and ≥80 years, respectively. After adjustment for patient characteristics, hospital characteristics and year of study, the OR for mortality comparing women with men was 1.69 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.83), 1.64 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.19), 1.15 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.46) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.60 to 1.11) for ages <60, 60-69, 70-79 and ≥80 years, respectively. The gender-age interaction for mortality was statistically significant (p=0.009), even after adjustment for a wide range of confounders, and did not vary over time or across rural/urban areas.


CONCLUSIONS
Among a Chinese population with STEMI, gender differences in early mortality were age-dependent and greatest in the younger groups <70 years of age.


TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01624883).
An Efficient Prediction of Breast Cancer Data using Data Mining Techniques

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death in women when compared to all other cancers. Breast cancer has become the most hazardous types of cancer among women in the world. Early detection of breast cancer is essential in reducing life losses. This paper presents a comparison among the different Data mining classifiers on the database of breast cancer Wisconsin Breast Cancer (WBC), by using classification accuracy. This paper aims to establish an accurate classification model for Breast cancer prediction, in order to make full use of the invaluable information in clinical data, especially which is usually ignored by most of the existing methods when they aim for high prediction accuracies. We have done experiments on WBC data. The dataset is divided into training set with 499 and test set with 200 patients. In this experiment, we compare six classification techniques in Weka software and comparison results show that Support Vector Machine (SVM) has higher prediction accuracy than those methods. Different methods for breast cancer detection are explored and their accuracies are compared. With these results, we infer that the SVM are more suitable in handling the classification problem of breast cancer prediction, and we recommend the use of these approaches in similar classification problems. Keywords—breast cancer; classification; Decision tree, Naïve Bayes, MLP, Logistic Regression SVM, KNN and weka;
Erratum to: Influence of photoperiods on the growth rate and biomass productivity of green microalgae

The effect of different photoperiods: 24 h illumination and a 12:12-h light/dark (12L:12D) cycle on the growth rate and biomass productivity was studied in five algal species: Neochloris conjuncta, Neochloris terrestris, Neochloris texensis, Botryococcus braunii and Scenedesmus obliquus. The green microalgae examined differ in the reproduction mode. Continuous illumination stimulated the growth of B. braunii and S. obliquus more effectively than the growth of the microalgal species from the genus Neochloris. However, under shorter duration of light of the same intensity (12L:12D cycle), the growth of all the three species of Neochloris was stimulated. Under continuous illumination, the specific growth rate in the first phase of B. braunii and S. obliquus cultures was higher than the growth rate of Neochloris, whereas under the 12L:12D cycle, the specific growth rate of all the three Neochloris species was generally higher than that in B. braunii and S. obliquus. As a result, the light regime influenced algal biomass productivity differently. The maximum biomass productivity was obtained in B. braunii and S. obliquus cultures carried out at continuous illumination. All the Neochloris species produced biomass more efficiently at the 12L:12D cycle, which was two-threefold higher than that of B. braunii and S. obliquus. The unicellular species of the green microalgae from the genus Neochloris, examined for the first time in this study, are promising prospective objects for algal biotechnology.
A case-control study of risk factors for arm pain presenting to primary care services.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the association of occupational activities, mental health and comorbidity with care seeking for arm pain, and to test the hypothesis that specific disorders arise from physical risk factors and non-specific pain from psychological ones.


METHODS
Patients with a new episode of arm pain and matched controls were recruited from eight general practices. A questionnaire about risk factors was completed and cases were classified using a validated examination schedule. Questions were asked about occupational activities and psychosocial stressors. Mental health was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, elements of the Brief Symptom Inventory (somatizing tendency) and the Whiteley Index (health anxiety); comorbidity from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and chronic widespread pain (CWP) was ascertained using standard definitions. Associations were explored using logistic regression and summarized as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).


RESULTS
Altogether, 132 cases and 127 controls were studied. Consulting with arm pain was strongly associated with all of the mental health variables and with CFS and CWP, irrespective of the site of arm pain or diagnosis. The OR in those with >3 versus <3 distressing somatic symptoms was 3.9 (95% CI 1.7-9.0). There were several significant associations with physical activity, but none with occupational psychosocial stressors. Repeated wrist/finger movements and carrying weights were more strongly associated with specific diagnoses than with non-specific pain.


CONCLUSIONS
Somatizing tendency, health anxiety, low mood, CFS and CWP are more common in arm pain consulters. Certain mechanical activities are also overrepresented, particularly in those with specific pathology.
Information Systems Offshore Outsourcing: An Exploratory Study of Motivations and Risks in Large Spanish Firms

Information systems offshore outsourcing is motivated by such factors as globalisation, technological development and the possibility to explore new markets. However, both the geographical and the cultural distance create more risks than in onshore outsourcing. The aim of this paper is to develop a typology of firms based on the specific motivations and risks associated with offshore outsourcing in large Spanish firms.
Music Generation with Markov Models

By using music written in a certain style as training data, parameters can be calculated for Markov chains and hidden Markov models to capture the musical style of the training data as mathematical models.
The associations between current recommendation for physical activity and cardiovascular risks associated with obesity

Objective:To examine associations between current recommended physical activity levels and body mass index (BMI) with some cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-cholesterol (non-HDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and blood pressure), general health score (GHQ12) and predicted coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.Design:Further analysis of the cross-sectional Scottish Health Survey 1998 data.Subjects:Five thousand four hundred and sixty adults 16–74 years of age.Results:After controlling for some confounding factors, obesity was significantly associated with higher odds ratio (OR) for elevated cholesterol, CRP, systolic blood pressure, non-HDL-C and lower HDL-C (P<0.001), and with greater predicted CHD risk compared to BMI <25 kg/m2. Regular self-reported physical activity was associated with smaller OR of lower HDL-C and higher CRP, and average predicted 10-year CHD risk in obese subjects, but did not eliminate the higher risk of the measured CVD risk factors in this group. The OR of these two risk factors were still high 4.39 and 2.67, respectively, when compared with those who were inactive with BMI <25 kg/m2 (P<0.001). Those who reported being physically active had better GHQ scores in all BMI categories (P<0.001).Conclusion:Reporting achievement of recommended physical activity levels may reduce some CVD risk factors, predicted CHD risk and improve psychosocial health, but may not eliminate the extra risk imposed by overweight/obesity. Therefore, increasing physical activity and reducing body weight should be considered to tackle CVD risk factors.
Introducing L A TEX users to XSL-FO ∗

This talk aims to introduce LATEX users to XSL-FO. It does not attempt to give an exhaustive view of XSL-FO, but allows a LATEX user to get started. We show the common and different points between these two approaches of word processing.
MimicGAN: Corruption-Mimicking for Blind Image Recovery & Adversarial Defense

Solving inverse problems continues to be a central challenge in computer vision. Existing techniques either explicitly construct an inverse mapping using prior knowledge about the corruption, or learn the inverse directly using a large collection of examples. However, in practice, the nature of corruption may be unknown, and thus it is challenging to regularize the problem of inferring a plausible solution. On the other hand, collecting task-specific training data is tedious for known corruptions and impossible for unknown ones. We present MimicGAN, an unsupervised technique to solve general inverse problems based on image priors in the form of generative adversarial networks (GANs). Using a GAN prior, we show that one can reliably recover solutions to underdetermined inverse problems through a surrogate network that learns to mimic the corruption at test time. Our system successively estimates the corruption and the clean image without the need for supervisory training, while outperforming existing baselines in blind image recovery. We also demonstrate that MimicGAN improves upon recent GAN-based defenses against adversarial attacks and represents one of the strongest test-time defenses available today.