LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Developing Pragmatic Awareness of Suggestions in the EFL Classroom: A Focus on Instructional Effects.

The role of instruction to develop learners’ pragmatic competence in both second and foreign language contexts has recently motivated a great deal of research. However, most of this research has adopted an explicit instructional approach with only a few studies attempting to operationalise a more implicit condition for pragmatic learning. In order to further explore how both explicit and implicit treatments can be operationalised, the aim of this study is to ascertain the instructional effects of these two types of teaching conditions on learners’ pragmatic awareness of suggestions. The participants consisted of learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) distributed into three intact classes: group A (n = 24) worked on awareness-raising and production tasks receiving explicit metapragmatic explanations on suggestions; group B (n = 25) was taught the use of suggestions by means of input enhancement and recast techniques; and group C (n = 32) was a control group that did not receive any instruction on suggestions. The study adopted a pre-test and a post-test design to measure the effects of instruction on participants’ awareness of suggestions. Results from our analysis showed the positive effects of instruction on learners’ pragmatic awareness of suggestions. In addition, our findings illustrate the benefits of both explicit and more implicit instructional approaches to developing learners’ pragmatic awareness in the EFL classroom.
Curve skeletonization of surface-like objects in 3D images guided by voxel classification

Skeletonization is a way to reduce dimensionality of digital objects. Here, we present an algorithm that computes the curve skeleton of a surface-like object in a 3D image, i.e., an object that in one of the three dimensions is at most twovoxel thick. A surface-like object consists of surfaces and curves crossing each other. Its curve skeleton is a 1D set centred within the surface-like object and with preserved topological properties. It can be useful to achieve a qualitative shape representation of the object with reduced dimensionality. The basic idea behind our algorithm is to detect the curves and the junctions between different surfaces and prevent their removal as they retain the most significant shape representation. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Effect of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: Converting 2 Alcoholic Drinks to 4.

Author Contributions: Dr Kaplan had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study concept and design: Kaplan, Rogers, Carter. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Kaplan, Schecter, Lin, Carter. Drafting of the manuscript: Kaplan, Carter. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors. Statistical analysis: Kaplan, Carter. Administrative, technical, or material support: Lin, Carter. Study supervision: Rogers, Carter.
Molecular mapping and intra-cluster recombination between anthracnose race-specific resistance genes in the common bean differential cultivars Mexico 222 and Widusa

Resistance to races 19, 31, 38, 65, 73, 102, and 449, of the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (anthracnose) was evaluated in F3 families derived from the cross between the anthracnose differential bean cultivars Mexico 222 (resistant to races 19, 31, and 38) and Widusa (resistant to races 38, 65, 73, 102, and 449). Molecular marker analyses were carried out in the corresponding F2 individuals in order to identify the genes for anthracnose resistance present in these two differential cultivars. The results of the combined segregation indicate that the resistance to anthracnose races 19, 31, and 38, present in Mexico 222, is conferred by single dominant race-specific genes organized in a cluster located in B4 linkage group, corresponding to the previously described Co-3/Co-9 locus. The resistance to anthracnose races 65, 73, 102, and 449, present in Widusa, is conferred by a dominant gene (or genes) representing a different haplotype of the same Co-3/Co-9 cluster. A single dominant gene located in a position independent from cluster Co-3/Co-9 (probably at the Co-1 locus) confers specific resistance to race 38 in Widusa. Recombinants for closely linked resistance specificities belonging to the Co-3/Co-9 cluster have been detected. The possibility of pyramiding race-specific resistance genes by means of intra-cluster recombination, and its potential use in plant breeding, is indicated.
Efficient Breadth-First Search on the Cell/BE Processor

Multi-core processors are a shift of paradigm in computer architecture that promises a dramatic increase in performance. But they also bring an unprecedented level of complexity in algorithmic design and software development. In this paper we describe the challenges involved in designing a breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm for the Cell/B.E. processor. The proposed methodology combines a high-level algorithmic design that captures the machine-independent aspects, to guarantee portability with performance to future processors, with an implementation that embeds processor-specific optimizations. Using a fine-grained global coordination strategy derived by the bulk-synchronous parallel (BSP) model, we have determined an accurate performance model that has guided the implementation and the optimization of our algorithm. Our experiments on a pre-production Cell/B.E. board running at 3.2 GHz, show almost linear speedups when using multiple synergistic processing elements, and an impressive level of performance when compared to other processors. On graphs which offer sufficient parallelism, the Cell/B.E. is typically an order of magnitude faster than conventional processors, such as the AMD Opteron and the Intel Pentium 4 and Woodcrest, and custom-designed architectures, such as the MTA-2 and BlueGene/L.
Using unknowns for hiding sensitive predictive association rules

Privacy-preserving data mining is a novel research direction in data mining and statistical databases, where data mining algorithms are analyzed for the side effects they incur in data privacy. There have been two types of privacy proposed concerning data mining. The first type of privacy, called output privacy, is that the data is altered so that the mining result will preserve certain privacy. The second type of privacy, called input privacy, is that the data is manipulated so that the mining result is not affected or minimally affected. In output privacy, given specific rules to be hidden, many data altering techniques for hiding association, classification and clustering rules have been proposed. However, to specify hidden rules, entire data mining process needs to be executed. For some applications, we are only interested in hiding certain sensitive predictive rules that contain given items. A predictive association rule set is the smallest rule set that makes the same prediction as the whole association rule set by confidence priority. In this work, we assume that only sensitive items are given and propose two algorithms, ISL (increase support of LHS) and DSR (decrease support of RHS), to replace data by unknowns in database so that sensitive predicative rules containing specified items on the left hand side of rule cannot be inferred through association rule mining. Examples illustrating the proposed algorithms are given. The characteristics of the algorithms are analyzed. The efficiency of the proposed approach is further compared with Saygin etc. approach. It is observed that our approach required less number of databases scanning and prune more number of hidden rules. However, our approach must hide all rules containing the hidden items on the left hand side, where Saygin etc approach can hide any specific rule.
EXPLICATING DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES : THE NATURE AND MICROFOUNDATIONS OF ( SUSTAINABLE ) ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE

This paper draws on the social and behavioral sciences in an endeavor to specify the nature and microfoundations of the capabilities necessary to sustain superior enterprise performance in an open economy with rapid innovation and globally dispersed sources of invention, innovation, and manufacturing capability. Dynamic capabilities enable business enterprises to create, deploy, and protect the intangible assets that support superior longrun business performance. The microfoundations of dynamic capabilities—the distinct skills, processes, procedures, organizational structures, decision rules, and disciplines—which undergird enterprise-level sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring capacities are difficult to develop and deploy. Enterprises with strong dynamic capabilities are intensely entrepreneurial. They not only adapt to business ecosystems, but also shape them through innovation and through collaboration with other enterprises, entities, and institutions. The framework advanced can help scholars understand the foundations of long-run enterprise success while helping managers delineate relevant strategic considerations and the priorities they must adopt to enhance enterprise performance and escape the zero profit tendency associated with operating in markets open to global competition. Copyright  2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monocyte activation by an oral immunomodulator (bestatin) in lymphoma patients following autologous bone marrow transplantation

 Bestatin (ubenimex), an inhibitor of aminopeptidase, is an oral immunomodulator that binds to CD13 (aminopeptidase N) on macrophages/monocytes. To examine its immunomodulatory effect after high-dose therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT), a dose-finding phase Ib trial was conducted with 30 Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients who received no drug (control), 10 and 30 mg (low dose), or 90 and 180 mg (high dose) of bestatin daily for 60 days following autologous BMT. Bestatin administration was initiated when the absolute neutrophil count was greater than 250/mm3 on 2 consecutive days. The serum neopterin levels, an indicator of monocyte/macrophage activation, increased in the high-dose group compared to the control group (not significantly) and the low-dose group (significantly). Similarly, the colony-stimulating activity in the sera was significantly increased in the high-dose group compared to the control and low-dose groups. We also examined the expression of cell-surface markers on monocytes in these patients by fluorescent cytometry analysis. There was no significant difference either in the frequency or absolute number of monocytes (CD14+) among the three groups at any time. However, a significant increase in the frequency of CD16(FcgRIII)-positive monocytes (a marker of activation) was observed in the high-dose group compared to controls from day 14 to day 60 after the start of bestatin administration. Further, the frequency of HLA-DR+ monocytes (another marker of activation) was significantly increased in the high-dose group. These results indicate that bestatin at higher doses (90 and 180 mg daily), but not lower doses, activates macrophages/monocytes, as demonstrated by phenotypic marker (HLA-DR and CD16) up-regulation, and this provides augmentation of neopterin and colony-stimulating activity in the serum of patients following autologous BMT.
Lagrangian Support Vector Machines

An implicit Lagrangian for the dual of a simple reformulation of the standard quadratic program of a linear support vector machine is proposed. This leads to the minimization of an unconstrained differentiable convex function in a space of dimensionality equal to the number of classified points. This problem is solvable by an extremely simple linearly convergent Lagrangian support vector machine (LSVM) algorithm. LSVM requires the inversion at the outset of a single matrix of the order of the much smaller dimensionality of the original input space plus one. The full algorithm is given in this paper in 11 lines of MATLAB code without any special optimization tools such as linear or quadratic programming solvers. This LSVM code can be used “as is” to solve classification problems with millions of points. For example, 2 million points in 10 dimensional input space were classified by a linear surface in 82 minutes on a Pentium III 500 MHz notebook with 384 megabytes of memory (and additional swap space), and in 7 minutes on a 250 MHz UltraSPARC II processor with 2 gigabytes of memory. Other standard classification test problems were also solved. Nonlinear kernel classification can also be solved by LSVM. Although it does not scale up to very large problems, it can handle any positive semidefinite kernel and is guaranteed to converge. A short MATLAB code is also given for nonlinear kernels and tested on a number of problems.
A unifying view of the basis of social cognition

In this article we provide a unifying neural hypothesis on how individuals understand the actions and emotions of others. Our main claim is that the fundamental mechanism at the basis of the experiential understanding of others' actions is the activation of the mirror neuron system. A similar mechanism, but involving the activation of viscero-motor centers, underlies the experiential understanding of the emotions of others.
Prevalence and correlates of problematic smartphone use in a large random sample of Chinese undergraduates

BACKGROUND
Smartphones are becoming a daily necessity for most undergraduates in Mainland China. Because the present scenario of problematic smartphone use (PSU) is largely unexplored, in the current study we aimed to estimate the prevalence of PSU and to screen suitable predictors for PSU among Chinese undergraduates in the framework of the stress-coping theory.


METHODS
A sample of 1062 undergraduate smartphone users was recruited by means of the stratified cluster random sampling strategy between April and May 2015. The Problematic Cellular Phone Use Questionnaire was used to identify PSU. We evaluated five candidate risk factors for PSU by using logistic regression analysis while controlling for demographic characteristics and specific features of smartphone use.


RESULTS
The prevalence of PSU among Chinese undergraduates was estimated to be 21.3%. The risk factors for PSU were majoring in the humanities, high monthly income from the family (≥1500 RMB), serious emotional symptoms, high perceived stress, and perfectionism-related factors (high doubts about actions, high parental expectations).


CONCLUSIONS
PSU among undergraduates appears to be ubiquitous and thus constitutes a public health issue in Mainland China. Although further longitudinal studies are required to test whether PSU is a transient phenomenon or a chronic and progressive condition, our study successfully identified socio-demographic and psychological risk factors for PSU. These results, obtained from a random and thus representative sample of undergraduates, opens up new avenues in terms of prevention and regulation policies.
On-Device Mobile Phone Security Exploits Machine Learning

The authors present a novel approach to protecting mobile devices from malware that might leak private information or exploit vulnerabilities. The approach, which can also keep devices from connecting to malicious access points, uses learning techniques to statically analyze apps, analyze the behavior of apps at runtime, and monitor the way devices associate with Wi-Fi access points.
Cost-effectiveness of nurse-led versus doctor-led antiretroviral treatment in South Africa: pragmatic cluster randomised trial.

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the cost-effectiveness of nurse-led versus doctor-led antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV-infected people.


DESIGN
Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial in 31 primary care clinics (16 intervention, 15 controls) in Free State Province, South Africa. Participants were HIV-infected patients, aged ≥16 years. Cohort 1 (CD4 count ≤350 cells/μl, not yet receiving ART at enrolment): consisted of 5 390 intervention patients and 3 862 controls; Cohort 2 (already received ART for ≥6 months at enrolment) of 3 029 intervention patients and 3 202 controls. Nurses were authorised and trained to initiate and represcribe ART. Management and ART provision were decentralised to primary care clinics. In control clinics, doctors initiated and re-prescribed ART, nurses monitored ART. Main outcome measure(s) were health service costs, death (cohort 1) and undetectable viral load (<400 copies/ml) (cohort 2) during the 12 months after enrolment.


RESULTS
For Cohort 1, the intervention had an estimated incremental cost of US$102.52, an incremental effect of 0.42% fewer deaths and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$24 500 per death averted. For Cohort 2, the intervention had an estimated incremental cost of US$59.48, an incremental effect of 0.47% more undetectable viral loads and an ICER of US$12 584 per undetectable viral load.


CONCLUSIONS
Nurse-led ART was associated with higher mean health service costs than doctor-led care, with small effects on primary outcomes, and a high associated level of uncertainty. Given this, and the shortage of doctors, further implementation of nurse-led ART should be considered, although this may increase health service costs.
A PHILOSOPHICAL EXAMINATION OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING THEORY FOR AGRICULTURAL EDUCATORS

Experiential learning is prevalent in secondary and university agricultural education programs. An examination of the agricultural education literature showed many inquiries into experiential learning practice but little insight into experiential learning theory. This philosophical manuscript sought to synthesize and summarize what is known about experiential learning theory. The literature characterizes experiential learning as a process or by the context in which it occurs. Results of this study indicated that the process is cyclical in nature and requires an initial focus of the learner, followed by interaction with the phenomenon being studied, reflecting on the experience, developing generalizations, and then testing those generalizations. The context in which experiential learning occurs is defined by four dimensions: the level, the duration, the intended outcome, and the setting. Based on these results, models depicting the process and context were developed by the author.
Identifying Satellites and Periodic Repetitions in Biological Sequences

We present in this paper an algorithm for identifying satellites in DNA sequences. Satellites (simple, micro, or mini) are repeats in number between 30 and as many as 1,000,000 whose lengths vary between 2 and hundreds of base pairs and that appear, with some mutations, in tandem along the sequence. We concentrate here on short to moderately long (up to 30-40 base pairs) approximate tandem repeats where copies may differ up to epsilon = 15-20% from a consensus model of the repeating unit (implying individual units may vary by 2 epsilon from each other). The algorithm is composed of two parts. The first one consists of a filter that basically eliminates all regions whose probability of containing a satellite is less than one in 10(4) when epsilon = 10%. The second part realizes an exhaustive exploration of the space of all possible models for the repeating units present in the sequence. It therefore has the advantage over previous work of being able to report a consensus model, say m, of the repeated unit as well as the span of the satellite. The first phase was designed for efficiency and takes only O (n) time where n is the length of the sequence. The second phase was designed for sensitivity and takes time O (n . N (e, k)) in the worst case where k is the length of the repeating unit m, e = [epsilon k] is the number of differences allowed between each repeat unit and the model m, and N (e, k) is the maximum number of words that are not more than e differences from another word of length k. That is, N (e, k) is the maximum size of an e-neighborhood of a string of length k. Experiments reveal the second phase to be considerably faster in practice than the worst-case complexity bound suggests. Finally, the present algorithm is easily adapted to finding tandem repeats in protein sequences, as well as extended to identifying mixed direct-inverse tandem repeats.
Effect of education and safety equipment on poisoning-prevention practices and poisoning: systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.

OBJECTIVE
To assess (a) the effect of home safety education and the provision of safety equipment on poison-prevention practices and poisoning rates, and (b) whether the effect of interventions differs by social group.


DATA SOURCES
Medline, Embase, Cinahl, ASSIA, Psychinfo, Web of Science, plus other electronic sources and hand searching of conference abstracts and reference lists. Authors of included studies were asked to supply individual participant data.


REVIEW METHODS
Randomised controlled trials, non-randomised controlled trials and controlled before-and-after studies, with participants aged </=19 years, providing home safety education with or without free or subsidised safety equipment and reporting poison-prevention practices or poisoning incidents were included. Pooled odds ratios and pooled rate ratios were estimated, and meta-regression estimated intervention effects by child age, gender and social variables.


RESULTS
Home safety interventions increased safe storage of medicines (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.02) and cleaning products (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.17), the possession of syrup of ipecac (OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.50 to 7.41), and having poison control centre numbers accessible (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.84 to 7.33). There was a lack of evidence on poisoning rates (rate ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.36) and no consistent evidence that intervention effects differed by child age, gender or social group.


CONCLUSIONS
Home safety education and the provision of safety equipment improve poison-prevention practices, but the impact on poisoning rates is unclear. Such interventions are unlikely to widen inequalities in childhood poisoning-prevention practices.
Arm motor recovery using a virtual reality intervention in chronic stroke: randomized control trial.

INTRODUCTION
Despite interest in virtual environments (VEs) for poststroke arm motor rehabilitation, advantages over physical environment (PE) training have not been established.


OBJECTIVE
The authors compared kinematic and clinical outcomes of dose-matched upper-limb training between a 3D VE and a PE in chronic stroke.


METHODS
Participants (n = 32) were randomized to a 3D VE or PE for training. They pointed to 6 workspace targets (72 trials, 12 trials/target, randomized) for 12 sessions over 4 weeks with similar feedback on precision, movement speed, and trunk displacement. Primary (kinematics, clinical arm motor impairment) and secondary (activity level, arm use) outcomes were compared by time (PRE, POST, and follow-up, RET), training environment, and impairment severity (mild, moderate-to-severe) using mixed-model analyses of variance (ANOVAs).


RESULTS
Endpoint speed, overall performance on a reach-to-grasp task, and activity levels increased in both groups. Only participants in the VE group improved shoulder horizontal adduction at POST (9.5°) and flexion at both POST (6.3°) and RET (13°). Impairment level affected outcomes. After VE training, the mild group increased elbow extension (RET, 25.5°). The moderate-to-severe group in VE increased arm use at POST (0.5 points) and reaching ability at RET (2.2 points). The moderate-to-severe group training in PE increased reaching ability earlier (POST, 1.7 points) and both elbow extension (10.7°) and arm use (0.4 points) at RET, but these changes were accompanied by increased compensatory trunk displacement (RET, 30.2 mm).


CONCLUSION
VE training led to more changes in the mild group and a motor recovery pattern in the moderate-to-severe group indicative of less compensation, possibly because of a better use of feedback.