LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The feasibility of patient-controlled paravertebral analgesia for major breast cancer surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of two regimens.

BACKGROUND
Paravertebral analgesia is useful for breast surgery. Patient controlled analgesia by IV or epidural routes is well established for delivering postoperative analgesia. Our objective was to apply patient control to paravertebral analgesia and evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of two distinct dosing regimens.


METHODS
Patients undergoing major breast cancer surgery were recruited for this prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of two patient-controlled paravertebral analgesia regimens: 19 patients received levobupivacaine 0.2% at 8 mL/h with 3-mL bolus and 15-min lockout (15-min lockout group); 18 received levobupivacaine 0.2% at 4 mL/h with 8-mL bolus and 30-min lockout (30-min lockout group). Our primary outcome was dynamic pain scores (visual analog scale) at 4-hourly intervals for 36 h. Secondary outcomes were resting pain scores, rescue analgesia requirements, volume of levobupivacaine administered, demands for levobupivacaine, levobupivacaine boluses received, and patient satisfaction.


RESULTS
Resting and dynamic pain scores were comparable in the groups. Two 15-min lockout patients and five 30-min lockout patients required rescue analgesia (P = 0.23). Patients received 400 +/- 95 mL and 330 +/- 130 mL levobupivacaine in 15-min and 30-min lockout groups, respectively (P = 0.012). The 15-min lockout group requested a bolus 75 +/- 16 times; the 30-min lockout group requested it 69 +/- 14 times (P = 0.40). However, the 15-min lockout group received 39 +/- 22 boluses and the 30-min lockout group only 24 +/- 16 (P = 0.02). Systolic pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, sedation scores, nausea, antiemetic requirement, and satisfaction scores were similar in each group.


CONCLUSIONS
Patient-controlled paravertebral analgesia for breast cancer surgery, with either regimen, provided satisfactory analgesia and was well tolerated.
Virtual Chromoendoscopy With FICE for the Classification of Polypoid and Nonpolypoid Raised Lesions in Ulcerative Colitis.

GOALS
The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of Fuji Intelligent Color Enhancement (FICE) using the classification of Kudo in the differentiation of neoplastic and non-neoplastic raised lesions in ulcerative colitis (UC).


BACKGROUND
The Kudo classification of mucosal pit patterns is an aid for the differential diagnosis of colorectal polyps in the general population, but no systematic studies are available for all forms of raised lesions in UC.


STUDY
All raised, polypoid and nonpolypoid, lesions found during consecutive surveillance colonoscopies with FICE for long-standing UC were included. In the primary prospective analysis, the Kudo classification was used to predict the histology by FICE. In a post hoc analysis, further endoscopic markers were also explored.


RESULTS
Two hundred and five lesions (mean size, 8 mm; range, 2 to 30 mm) from 59 patients (mean age, 56 y; range, 21 to 79 y) were analyzed. Twenty-three neoplastic (11%), 18 hyperplastic (9%), and 164 inflammatory (80%) lesions were found. Thirty-one lesions (15%), none of which were neoplastic, were unclassifiable according to Kudo. After logistic regression, a strong negative association resulted between endoscopic activity and neoplasia, whereas the presence of a fibrin cap was significantly associated with endoscopic activity. Using FICE, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of the Kudo classification were 91%, 76%, 3.8, and 0.12, respectively. The corresponding values by adding the fibrin cap as a marker of inflammation were 91%, 93%, 13, and 0.10, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
FICE can help to predict the histology of raised lesions in UC. A new classification of pit patterns, based on inflammatory markers, should be developed in the setting of UC to improve the diagnostic performance.
Broadband EMFi ultrasonic transducer for bat research

By utilizing the EMFi material, ultrasonic transmitters with a diameter of 1.5 cm were developed for emitting a chirp signal with a sound pressure level up to 90 dB at a distance of 1m for the whole frequency range of 20-200 kHz. With the same material, a broadband ultrasonic receiver with a sensitivity of 500 μV/Pa and a low equivalent acoustic noise level of 45 dB was set up. For an optimization of the transmitter and the receiver we need a deeper understanding of the physical behavior of the polymer material. Therefore, we applied a 3D finite element simulation by using a piezoelectric material model for a macroscopic description of the EMFi material. However, vibration measurements of the transducer surface show a nonlinear inhomogeneous vibration behavior at and above resonance frequency. One reason for this is the inhomogeneous structure of the foil. Inside the polymer film, the number of cavities as well as their size strongly varies. Because the resonance frequency of each point of the surface depends on the average cavity size at this point, the whole surface vibrates inhomogeneously. Therefore, the EMFi material cannot be described with a homogeneous piezoelectric material model and we developed a more complex microscopic model for the precise numerical simulation. To solve this problem we computed the electrostatic and mechanical partial differential equation coupled by the electrostatic forces (Coulomb forces) including the complex geometric structure of the cellular ferroelectric film. To investigate the influence of the geometric structure on the vibration behavior, models with different void shapes and sizes have been taken into account.
Automated methods for detecting lameness and measuring analgesia in dairy cattle.

The objective was to assess gait, automated measures of weight distribution among the legs, and daily activity as methods for detecting lameness in dairy cows and measuring pain mitigation by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Fifty-seven lactating cows (28 of which were lame) were injected twice with ketoprofen (3.0 mg/kg i.m.) or isotonic saline solution. Gait scores (numerical rating system, NRS), time spent lying down, frequency of steps, and weight distribution among legs when standing before, during, and after injections were measured to assess whether automated measures of activity can detect lameness and the effect of analgesic drugs in cows. Lame cows (NRS >3) shifted weight between contralateral legs more often (SD of the weight applied: 31.1+/-2.1 vs. 24.5+/-1.9kg), had a greater asymmetry in the weight applied to the rear legs (leg weight ratio=0.78+/-0.02 vs. 0.87+/-0.02), had longer lying bouts (94.0+/-4.9 vs. 78.2+/-5.8min), and walked slower (1.28+/-0.3 vs. 1.42+/-0.3 m/s) than nonlame cows. Variability over time (SD) of the weight applied to the rear legs was the most accurate predictor of whether a cow was lame or not (area under the curve=0.71). The SD of the weight applied to the rear legs decreased on the days when ketoprofen was given compared with the day before and after (18 and 12% decrease for lame and nonlame cows, respectively). Ketoprofen did not affect any other measure. Measures of weight shifting between legs while cows are standing have potential as an automated method of detecting lameness and analgesia.
Final Overall Survival: Fulvestrant 500mg vs 250mg in the Randomized CONFIRM Trial

BACKGROUND
At the time of the initial analysis of overall survival (OS) for the Comparison of Faslodex in Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer (CONFIRM) randomized, double-blind, phase III trial, approximately 50% of patients had died. A final analysis of OS was subsequently planned for when 75% of patients had died.


METHODS
Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to fulvestrant 500 mg administered as two 5-mL intramuscular injections on days 0, 14, and 28 and every 28 (±3) days thereafter or fulvestrant 250 mg administered as two 5-mL intramuscular injections (one fulvestrant and one placebo [identical in appearance to study drug]) on days 0, 14 (two placebo injections only), and 28 and every 28 (±3) days thereafter. OS was analyzed using an unadjusted log-rank test. No adjustments were made for multiplicity. Serious adverse events (SAEs) and best response to subsequent therapy were also reported. All statistical tests were two-sided.


RESULTS
In total, 736 women (median age = 61.0 years) were randomly assigned to fulvestrant 500 mg (n = 362) or 250 mg (n = 374). At the final survival analysis, 554 of 736 (75.3%) patients had died. Median OS was 26.4 months for fulvestrant 500 mg and 22.3 months for 250 mg (hazard ratio = 0.81; 95% confidence interval = 0.69-0.96; nominal P = .02). There were no clinically important differences in SAE profiles between the treatment groups; no clustering of SAEs could be detected in either treatment group. Type of first subsequent therapy and objective responses to first subsequent therapy were well balanced between the two treatment groups.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with locally advanced or metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, fulvestrant 500 mg is associated with a 19% reduction in risk of death and a 4.1-month difference in median OS compared with fulvestrant 250 mg. Fulvestrant 500 mg was well tolerated, and no new safety concerns were identified.
ALIAS : A SET OF ABSTRACT LANGUAGES FOR USER INTERFACE ASSEMBLY

Users’ devices and users’ web services constitute a changing environment, leading to needs for User Interface (UI) and service adaptations. As User Interface and services are separately developed, we propose an approach to abstract User Interface into a set of abstract languages (XML dialects) which describes different specific parts of a User Interface. The main goal of this set of languages is to compose heterogeneous User Interface in view to concretize the result in an existing language like Xaml or Flex.
Can Free Entry Be Inefficient? Fixed Commissions and Social Waste in the Real Estate Industry

Real estate agents in the US typically charge a 6 percent commission, regardless of the price of the house sold. As a consequence, the commission fee from selling a house will differ dramatically across cities depending on the average price of housing, although the effort necessary to match buyers and sellers may not be that different. We use a simple economic model and crosscity data to measure the effect of the fixed commission rate on market entry by real-estate agents. We show that if the commission rate does not vary and if there are low barriers to entry to the realestate brokerage business, the entry of real-estate agents into cities with high housing prices is socially inefficient. Consistent with our model, we find that when the average price of land in a city increases, (1) the fraction of real-estate brokers in a city increases; (2) the productivity of an average real-estate agent (houses sold per hour worked) falls; and (3) the real wage of a typical real-estate agent remains unchanged. We can not completely rule out the alternative explanation that these results reflect unmeasured differences in the quality of broker services. However, we present evidence that as the average price of housing in a city increases, there is only a small increase in the amount of time a buyer spends searching for a house, and the average time a house for sale stays on
Investigation of the attitudes of university students to discrimination of the elderly

OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted to determine the attitudes of university students studying in different fields toward discrimination of the elderly.


METHODS
This descriptive study was conducted with students who were still studying in the 2015-2016 period. A sample size of 416 students was determined by the stratified sampling method, and students were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using an identifying information form and an Age Discrimination Attitude Scale (ADAS) by face-to-face interview. Statistical analysis was performed using the program SPSS 20.0.


RESULTS
The mean total ADAS score of students was 67.7±6.0. The total ADAS scores and the scores of male students on limiting the life of the elderly was significantly higher than those of female students (p<0.05).


CONCLUSION
It was determined that university students studying in different fields have a positive attitude toward the elderly. Action must be taken to remove discrimination of the elderly, and policies must be developed to increase social sensitivity.
Initial conditions, time evolution and BE correlations in e+e- annihilation

Bose-Einstein correlations of identical charged-pion pairs produced in hadronic Z decays are analyzed in terms of various parametrizations. The tau-model with a one-sided L\'evy proper-time distribution provides a good description, enabling the source function to be reconstructed.
Distribution and Forms of Heavy Metals in Some Agricultural Soils

Distribution and availability of heavy metals to plants is important when assessing the environmental quality of an area. The objectives of this study conducted in 2002 were: a) determine the levels of the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in the agricultural soils of the Bursa plain so that the degree of pollution could be ascertained, b) identify the various heavy metal forms present in soils using a fractionation scheme based on sequential extraction, and c) to find possible dependence on soil physicochemical properties. Total heavy metal content of the soils studied was generally higher than the levels reported in literature for similar soils, suggesting some degree of pollution with heavy metals. The exchangeable forms of the heavy metals, however, were very low, indicating that under present conditions, the availability of heavy metals to plants is at a minimum.
A Survey of VQ Codebook Generation

One of the key roles of Vector Quantization (VQ) is how to generate a good codebook such that the distortion between the original image and the reconstructed image is the minimum. In the past years, many improved algorithms of VQ codebook generation approaches have been developed. In this paper, we present a snapshot of the recent developed schemes. The discussed schemes include mean-distance-ordered partial codebook search (MPS), enhance LBG (ELBG), neural network based techniques, genetic-based algorithms, principal component analysis (PCA) approaches, tabu search (TS) schemes, codeword displacement methods and so on.
Working memory training in young children with ADHD: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Until now, working memory training has not reached sufficient evidence as effective treatment for ADHD core symptoms in children with ADHD; for young children with ADHD, no studies are available. To this end, a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was designed to assess the efficacy of Cogmed Working Memory Training (CWMT) in young children with ADHD.


METHODS
Fifty-one children (5-7 years) with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of ADHD (without current psychotropic medication) were randomly assigned to the active (adaptive) or placebo (nonadaptive) training condition for 25 sessions during 5 weeks. The compliance criterion (>20 sessions) was met for 47 children. The primary outcome measure concerned the core behavioural symptoms of ADHD, measured with the ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS). Secondary outcome measures were neurocognitive functioning, daily executive functioning, and global clinical functioning. The influence of the increase in difficulty level (Index-Improvement) for the treatment group was also analysed. Clinical trial registration information - 'Working Memory Training in Young ADHD Children'; www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00819611.


RESULTS
A significant improvement in favour of the active condition was found on a verbal working memory task (p = .041; adapted Digit Span WISC-III, backward condition). However, it did not survive correction for multiple testing. No significant treatment effect on any of the primary or other secondary outcome measurements was found. The Index-Improvement significantly contributed to ADHD-RS and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, both rated by the teacher, but revealed no significant group difference.


CONCLUSIONS
This study failed to find robust evidence for benefits of CMWT over the placebo training on behavioural symptoms, neurocognitive, daily executive, and global clinical functioning in young children with ADHD.
Effects on Amorphous Silicon Photovoltaic Performance from High-temperature Annealing Pulses in Photovoltaic Thermal Hybrid Devices

There is a renewed interest in photovoltaic solar thermal (PVT) hybrid systems, which harvest solar energy for heat and electricity. Typically, a main focus of a PVT system is to cool the photovoltaic (PV) cells to improve the electrical performance, however, this causes the thermal component to under-perform compared to a solar thermal collector. The low temperature coefficients of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) allow for the PV cells to be operated at higher temperatures and are a potential candidate for a more symbiotic PVT system. The fundamental challenge of a-Si:H PV is light-induced degradation known as the Staebler-Wronski effect (SWE). Fortunately, SWE is reversible and the a-Si:H PV efficiency can be returned to its initial state if the cell is annealed. Thus an opportunity exists to deposit a-Si:H directly on the solar thermal absorber plate where the cells could reach the high temperatures required for annealing. In this study, this opportunity is explored experimentally. First a-Si:H PV cells were annealed for 1 hour at 100 ̊C on a 12 hour cycle and for the remaining time the cells were degraded at 50 ̊C in order to simulate stagnation of a PVT system for 1 hour once a day. It was found that, when comparing the cells after stabilization at normal 50 ̊C degradation, this annealing sequence resulted in a 10.6% energy gain when compared to a cell that was only degraded at 50 ̊C.
Hydrogeological modeling of the saline hot springs at the Sea of Galilee, Israel

Meteoric fresh groundwater from shallow aquifers and hot brines from deep aquifers mix while emerging from several springs along the western coast of the Sea of Galilee, a freshwater lake located within the Dead Sea Rift Valley, Israel. After the rainy season, when elevations of the groundwater table rise in the regional aquifers and discharge rates of springs increase, solute concentrations decrease at Tabha springs but, surprisingly, increase at Fulya springs, apparently suggesting two different salinization mechanisms. Two detailed geologic cross sections were constructed, one across the rift valley at Tabha and a second at Fulya, each about 6 km deep and 70 km long. The hydrodynamics in these cross sections were analyzed using a two-dimensional finite element code that solves the coupled variable-density groundwater flow and heat transfer equations. Numerical simulations indicate that a topography-driven flow model explains both spring systems, and the opposite salinity behavior results from the different hydrogeological configurations of the two subsurface drainage basins. At Fulya, both aquifers, the shallow one and the deeper one, are partially phreatic, whereas at Tabha, the deeper aquifer is totally confined. The response of springs to changes in elevation of groundwater table were simulated, reproducing field observations. This analysis has implications for the management scheme for the lake and its surrounding aquifers.
On self-adaptive resource allocation through reinforcement learning

Autonomic computing was proposed as a promising solution to overcome the complexity of modern systems, which is causing management operations to become increasingly difficult for human beings. This work proposes the Adaptation Manager, a comprehensive framework to implement autonomic managers capable of pursuing some of the objectives of autonomic computing (i.e., self-optimization and self-healing). The Adaptation Manager features an active performance monitoring infrastructure and two dynamic knobs to tune the scheduling decisions of an operating system and the working frequency of cores. The Adaptation Manager exploits artificial intelligence and reinforcement learning to close the Monitor-Plan-Analyze-Execute with Knowledge adaptation loop at the very base of every autonomic manager. We evaluate the Adaptation Manager, and especially the adaptation policies it learns by means of reinforcement learning, using a set of representative applications for multicore processors and show the effectiveness of our prototype on commodity computing systems.
Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and methionine synthase polymorphisms with breast cancer risk and interaction with folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intakes

We assessed the association between dietary intake of folate and the MTHFR genotype with breast cancer in a Chinese population, with additional analysis of the interactions of gene polymorphisms and dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. A case-control study was performed, and 535 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer and 673 controls were enrolled into this study. The MTHFR 667TT genotype (odds ratio (OR) = 1.82, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.24–2.97) and T allele (OR 0= 1.48, 95 % CI = 1.15–1.78) were correlated with a moderately significant increased risk of breast cancer when compared with the CC genotype. Individuals carrying the MTR 2756GG genotype (OR = 1.66, 95 % CI = 1.16–2.56) and G allele (OR = 1.42, 95 % CI = 1.26–1.81) had a higher risk of breast cancer when compared with subjects with the AA genotype. The MTHFR 667 T allele and MTR 2756 G allele were associated with a higher risk of breast cancer in individuals with low folate intake, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, but the association disappeared among subjects with moderate and high intake of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. This case-control study found that the MTHFR C677T and MTR A2756G polymorphisms are associated with risk of breast cancer, and folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intakes influence these associations.