LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Survey of maneuvering target tracking: dynamic models

This is the first part of a series of papers that provide a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the problems and techniques of tracking maneuvering targets in the absence of the so-called measurement-origin uncertainty. It surveys the various mathematical models of target dynamics proposed for maneuvering target tracking, including 2D and 3D maneuver models as well as coordinate-uncoupled generic models for target dynamics. This survey emphasizes the underlying ideas and assumptions of the models. Interrelationships among the models surveyed and insight to the pros and cons of the models are provided. Some material presented here has not appeared elsewhere.
Quadruped walking robots at Tokyo Institute of Technology

In this article, the design principle of the leg driving mechanism to minimize energy loss and maximize output power is discussed. We will also introduce the gait control methods implemented in our previous quadruped walking robots. Finally, we will survey most of the prototype models of our quadruped walking robots.
Gas turbine performance prognostic for condition-based maintenance

Gas turbine engines experience degradations over time that cause great concern to gas turbine users on engine reliability, availability and operating costs. Gas turbine diagnostics and prognostics is one of the key technologies to enable the move from time-scheduled maintenance to condition-based maintenance in order to improve engine reliability and availability and reduce life cycle costs. This paper describes a prognostic approach to estimate the remaining useful life of gas turbine engines before their next major overhaul based on historical health information. A combined regression techniques, including both linear and quadratic models, is proposed to predict the remaining useful life of gas turbine engines. A statistic ‘‘compatibility check” is used to determine the transition point from a linear regression to a quadratic regression. The developed prognostic approach has been applied to a model gas turbine engine similar to Rolls-Royce industrial gas turbine AVON 1535 implemented with compressor degradation over time. The analysis shows that the developed prognostic approach has a great potential to provide an estimation of engine remaining useful life before next major overhaul for gas turbine engines experiencing a typical soft degradation. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interfacial microstructures of intrabundle inas-received carbon/carbon composites prepared by CVI

Abstract A detailed study of the interfacial microstructures of the intrabundles in as-receivedcarbon/carbon composites prepared by CVI was performed by high-resolution electron microscopy. Two kinds of carbon fibers, high strength carbon fiber T300 and high modulus carbon fiber T-50, were chosen for comparison. It was found that the interface between the carbon fiber and carbon matrix is not simply a mechanical pinning structure formed by pyrolytic carbons directly contacting the rough carbon fiber surface. A transitional interfacial layer between the carbon fibers and the pyrolytic carbon matrix was observed which is referred to as induced microstructure. The graphitic degree and the crystallite size of the carbon fiber surface markedly affect the induced interfacial microstructures. The more regular and graphitic the carbon fiber surface, the more ordered and thicker the interface layer induced.
Ruggedness: The Blessing of Bad Geography in Africa

We show that geography, through its impact on history, can have important effects on economic development today. The analysis focuses on the historic interaction between ruggedness and Africa's slave trades. Although rugged terrain hinders trade and most productive activities, negatively affecting income globally, rugged terrain within Africa afforded protection to those being raided during the slave trades. Since the slave trades retarded subsequent economic development, ruggedness within Africa has also had a historic indirect positive effect on income. Studying all countries worldwide, we estimate the differential effect of ruggedness on income for Africa. We show that the differential effect of ruggedness is statistically significant and economically meaningful, it is found in Africa only, it cannot be explained by other factors like Africa's unique geographic environment, and it is fully accounted for by the history of the slave trades.
The order and volume fill rates in inventory control systems

This paper differentiates between an order (line) fill rate and a volume fill rate and specifies their performance for different inventory control systems. When the focus is on filling complete customer orders rather than total demanded quantity the order fill rate would be the preferred service level measure. The main result shows how the order and volume fill rates are related in magnitude. Earlier results derived for a single-item, single-stage, continuous review inventory system with backordering and constant lead times controlled by a base-stock policy are extended in different directions. Demand is initially assumed to be generated by a compound renewal process. An important generalization then concerns the class of customer order-size distributions, i.e. compounding distributions, with increasing failure rate for which the volume fill rate always exceeds the order fill rate. Other extensions consider more general inventory control review policies with backordering, as well as some relations between service measures. A particularly important result in the paper concerns an alternative service measure, the customer order fill rate, and shows how this measure always exceeds the other two more well-known service measures, viz. the order fill rate and the volume fill rate. & 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Inverse programming: Theory and examples

In this paper some simple ideas about ordered sets and inverse functions are developed into a theory of inverse pairs of optimization problems. This relationship is shown to permit the use of root-finding methods to find a solution for one problem through a sequence of solutions to the other. A variety of problems showing this relationship are presented as examples.
Impact of residual and intrafractional errors on strategy of correction for image-guided accelerated partial breast irradiation

BACKGROUND
The cone beam CT (CBCT) guided radiation can reduce the systematic and random setup errors as compared to the skin-mark setup. However, the residual and intrafractional (RAIF) errors are still unknown. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the magnitude of RAIF errors and correction action levels needed in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) guided accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI).


METHODS
Ten patients were enrolled in the prospective study of CBCT guided APBI. The postoperative tumor bed was irradiated with 38.5 Gy in 10 fractions over 5 days. Two cone-beam CT data sets were obtained with one before and one after the treatment delivery. The CBCT images were registered online to the planning CT images using the automatic algorithm followed by a fine manual adjustment. An action level of 3 mm, meaning that corrections were performed for translations exceeding 3 mm, was implemented in clinical treatments. Based on the acquired data, different correction action levels were simulated, and random RAIF errors, systematic RAIF errors and related margins before and after the treatments were determined for varying correction action levels.


RESULTS
A total of 75 pairs of CBCT data sets were analyzed. The systematic and random setup errors based on skin-mark setup prior to treatment delivery were 2.1 mm and 1.8 mm in the lateral (LR), 3.1 mm and 2.3 mm in the superior-inferior (SI), and 2.3 mm and 2.0 mm in the anterior-posterior (AP) directions. With the 3 mm correction action level, the systematic and random RAIF errors were 2.5 mm and 2.3 mm in the LR direction, 2.3 mm and 2.3 mm in the SI direction, and 2.3 mm and 2.2 mm in the AP direction after treatments delivery. Accordingly, the margins for correction action levels of 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm and no correction were 7.9 mm, 8.0 mm, 8.0 mm, 7.9 mm and 8.0 mm in the LR direction; 6.4 mm, 7.1 mm, 7.9 mm, 9.2 mm and 10.5 mm in the SI direction; 7.6 mm, 7.9 mm, 9.4 mm, 10.1 mm and 12.7 mm in the AP direction, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Residual and intrafractional errors can significantly affect the accuracy of image-guided APBI with nonplanar 3DCRT techniques. If a 10-mm CTV-PTV margin is applied, a correction action level of 5 mm or less is necessary so as to maintain the RAIF errors within 10 mm for more than 95% of fractions. Pre-treatment CBCT guidance is not a guarantee for safe delivery of the treatment despite its known benefits of reducing the initial setup errors. A patient position verification and correction during the treatment may be a method for the safe delivery.
A systematic review of motivational interviewing in physical health care settings.

PURPOSE
Motivational interviewing (MI), a method of augmenting an individual's motivation to change problematic behaviours, is a patient-centred counselling style that seeks to help patients resolve ambivalence about behaviour change. MI has successfully been used in the field of addictions and has recently received increased interest as a means of promoting treatment adherence in physical health care settings. This systematic review is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of MI interventions in physical health care settings.


METHODS
Electronic databases were searched for articles specifying the use of 'motivational interviewing' in physical health care settings between 1966 and April 2004. Fifty-one relevant abstracts were yielded and data was extracted from eight relevant selected studies.


RESULTS
Eight studies were identified in the fields of diabetes, asthma, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and heart disease. The majority of studies found positive results for effects of MI on psychological, physiological, and life-style change outcomes. Problems with research in this area include: small sample sizes, lack of power, use of disparate multiple outcomes, inadequate validation of questionnaires, poorly-defined therapy and training.


CONCLUSIONS
While MI has high face validity across a number of domains in physical health care settings, the general quality of trials in this area is inadequate and therefore recommendations for its dissemination in this area cannot yet be made. More research into MI applied to health behaviour change is urgently required.
A pilot study comparing efficacy of a cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Excisor with loop electrosurgical excision procedure.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the proportion of incomplete resection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1-3) may be reduced by CIN Excisor compared with loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ).


STUDY DESIGN
A prospective trial during a 2-year period at a district general hospital in London, United Kingdom, including 420 women scheduled for treatment due to CIN, after colposcopy guided biopsy results. This study was expected to demonstrate a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the proportion of women with clear histopathological resection margins after treatment with CIN Excisor compared with LLETZ. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used to compare histopathological resection margins in the CIN Excisor and LLETZ groups.


RESULTS
Overall, there is strong evidence of a difference in the proportion of histopathological specimens with clear resection margins for the CIN Excisor group, compared with the LLETZ group (201/210, 95.7% versus 180/210, 85.7%: p<0.001). Sub-analysis within the two groups, of the proportion of histopathological specimens with clear resection margins in relation to CIN grades, revealed a statistically significant difference in favour of the CIN Excisor group for CIN 1 (99/103, 96.1% versus 82/95, 86.3%: p=0.01), and CIN 2 (73/77, 94.8% versus 68/80, 85%: p=0.04). There is a numerical difference in the proportion of clear resection margins in favour of the CIN Excisor for CIN 3 (29/30, 96.7% versus 30/35, 85.7%), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.21). Perioperative complications were similar between the two groups.


CONCLUSION
CIN Excisor achieved better results than LLETZ for treatment of CIN 1-3 with respect to clear histopathological resection margins. However, further studies including a larger number of women treated for CIN 3 are needed before firm conclusions are drawn.
4 Robot Kinematics : Forward and Inverse Kinematics

Kinematics studies the motion of bodies without consideration of the forces or moments that cause the motion. Robot kinematics refers the analytical study of the motion of a robot manipulator. Formulating the suitable kinematics models for a robot mechanism is very crucial for analyzing the behaviour of industrial manipulators. There are mainly two different spaces used in kinematics modelling of manipulators namely, Cartesian space and Quaternion space. The transformation between two Cartesian coordinate systems can be decomposed into a rotation and a translation. There are many ways to represent rotation, including the following: Euler angles, Gibbs vector, Cayley-Klein parameters, Pauli spin matrices, axis and angle, orthonormal matrices, and Hamilton 's quaternions. Of these representations, homogenous transformations based on 4x4 real matrices (orthonormal matrices) have been used most often in robotics. Denavit & Hartenberg (1955) showed that a general transformation between two joints requires four parameters. These parameters known as the Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) parameters have become the standard for describing robot kinematics. Although quaternions constitute an elegant representation for rotation, they have not been used as much as homogenous transformations by the robotics community. Dual quaternion can present rotation and translation in a compact form of transformation vector, simultaneously. While the orientation of a body is represented nine elements in homogenous transformations, the dual quaternions reduce the number of elements to four. It offers considerable advantage in terms of computational robustness and storage efficiency for dealing with the kinematics of robot chains (Funda et al., 1990). The robot kinematics can be divided into forward kinematics and inverse kinematics. Forward kinematics problem is straightforward and there is no complexity deriving the equations. Hence, there is always a forward kinematics solution of a manipulator. Inverse kinematics is a much more difficult problem than forward kinematics. The solution of the inverse kinematics problem is computationally expansive and generally takes a very long time in the real time control of manipulators. Singularities and nonlinearities that make the
Cooperative Provable Data Possession for Integrity Verification in Multicloud Storage

Provable data possession (PDP) is a technique for ensuring the integrity of data in storage outsourcing. In this paper, we address the construction of an efficient PDP scheme for distributed cloud storage to support the scalability of service and data migration, in which we consider the existence of multiple cloud service providers to cooperatively store and maintain the clients' data. We present a cooperative PDP (CPDP) scheme based on homomorphic verifiable response and hash index hierarchy. We prove the security of our scheme based on multiprover zero-knowledge proof system, which can satisfy completeness, knowledge soundness, and zero-knowledge properties. In addition, we articulate performance optimization mechanisms for our scheme, and in particular present an efficient method for selecting optimal parameter values to minimize the computation costs of clients and storage service providers. Our experiments show that our solution introduces lower computation and communication overheads in comparison with noncooperative approaches.
Developing Engineering Ontology for Information Retrieval

Karthik Ramani Professor Mem. ASME Purdue Research and Education Center for Information Systems in Engineering (PRECISE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2024; School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2024; School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2024 e-mail: ramani@purdue.edu Developing Engineering Ontology for Information Retrieval
Towards software defined ICN based edge-cloud services

ICN deployment will be based on the grounds of saving CAPEX/OPEX and/or enabling new services. This paper makes a case for the latter leveraging, emerging technologies such as network function virtualization (NFV) and software defined networking (SDN). We propose a framework to enable ICN based service platform as virtualized network functions to enable several edge-cloud services such as enterprise applications, big data analytic, or M2M/IoT services. This platform is generic to support several ICN protocols and corresponding real-time and non-real time services leveraging ICN features such as name based routing, caching, multicasting, and flexible security techniques. As an implementation of this architecture, we discuss how a scalable network based conferencing solution can be realized over the proposed ICN platform and compare it with a peer-to-peer design through a performance analysis.
Reconfigurable architectures for general-purpose computing

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Systematic reviews in software engineering: An empirical investigation

0950-5849/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier B.V. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2012.09.008 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +61 2 9376 2227; fax E-mail addresses: dr.hezhang@gmail.com (H. Zh Babar). Background: Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs) have gained significant popularity among Software Engineering (SE) researchers since 2004. Several researchers have also been working on improving the scientific and methodological infrastructure to support SLRs in SE. We argue that there is also an apparent and essential need for evidence-based body of knowledge about different aspects of the adoption of SLRs in SE. Objective: The main objective of this research is to empirically investigate the adoption, value, and use of SLRs in SE research from various perspectives. Method: We used mixed-methods approach (systematically integrating tertiary literature review, semistructured interviews and questionnaire-based survey) as it is based on a combination of complementary research methods which are expected to compensate each others’ limitations. Results: A large majority of the participants are convinced of the value of using a rigourous and systematic methodology for literature reviews in SE research. However, there are concerns about the required time and resources for SLRs. One of the most important motivators for performing SLRs is new findings and inception of innovative ideas for further research. The reported SLRs are more influential compared to the traditional literature reviews in terms of number of citations. One of the main challenges of conducting SLRs is drawing a balance between methodological rigour and required effort. Conclusions: SLR has become a popular research methodology for conducting literature review and evidence aggregation in SE. There is an overall positive perception about this relatively new methodology to SE research. The findings provide interesting insights into different aspects of SLRs. We expect that the findings can provide valuable information to readers about what can be expected from conducting SLRs and the potential impact of such reviews. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Conception of History in the Theatre of Arthur Adamov

The article analyses the adamovien conception of History, the ideas where the conflict is inseparable from its political or social context. It is about the commitment of Adamov in the way of historic theatre and later politics. This means that the historic theatre poses necessarily the problem of the relationship of psychology and history, generally and particularly.
Pelvic floor involvement in male and female sexual dysfunction and the role of pelvic floor rehabilitation in treatment: a literature review.

INTRODUCTION
The sphincteric and supportive functions of the pelvic floor are fairly well understood, and pelvic floor rehabilitation, a specialized field within the scope and practice of physical therapy, has demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of urinary and fecal incontinence. The role of the pelvic floor in the promotion of optimal sexual function has not been clearly elucidated.


AIM
To review the role of the pelvic floor in the promotion of optimal sexual function and examine the role of pelvic floor rehabilitation in treating sexual dysfunction.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Review of peer-reviewed literature.


RESULTS
It has been proposed that the pelvic floor muscles are active in both male and female genital arousal and orgasm, and that pelvic floor muscle hypotonus may impact negatively on these phases of function. Hypertonus of the pelvic floor is a significant component of sexual pain disorders in women and men. Furthermore, conditions related to pelvic floor dysfunction, such as pelvic pain, pelvic organ prolapse, and lower urinary tract symptoms, are correlated with sexual dysfunction.


CONCLUSIONS
The involvement of the pelvic floor in sexual function and dysfunction is examined, as well as the potential role of pelvic floor rehabilitation in treatment. Further research validating physical therapy intervention is necessary.
Reporting standards for endovascular treatment of pulmonary embolism.

From the Division of Interventional Radiology (F.B.) and the Departments of Radiology (D.C.B.) and Surgery (D.M.L.), Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC 20007; the Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California (W.T.K.); the Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia (L.G.M.); the Department of Radiology, University of Western Ontario, London, and Peterborough Regional Health Centre, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada (S.F.M.); the Department of Interventional Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Medical Center, New York, New York (T.W.I.C.); Scarborough General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.K.); the Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (D.K.R.); The Reading Hospital and Medical Center, Advanced Interventional Radiology, West Reading, Pennsylvania (D.S.); and Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania (J.F.C.). Received September 1, 2009; accepted September 28, 2009. Address correspondence to F.B.; E-mail: banovac@isis.georgetown.edu