LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Burning issues : foundations of education

Chapter 1 Foreword Chapter 2 Preface Chapter 3 Acknowledgments Chapter 4 Introduction Part 5 Part I: Beginning with Ourselves Chapter 6 1. The Classroom Community: "To Feel Safe" Chapter 7 2. Philosophical Frameworks: Toward a Critical Framework of Inquiry Chapter 8 3. Details, Essential Matters, and Voice: The "Good" Teacher Part 9 Part II: Students' and Teachers' Voices Chapter 10 4. Bullying in the Elementary School Chapter 11 5. Homophobia and Diverse Sexual Orientation Chapter 12 6. Sexism and Feminist Issues in Teaching: Unpacking Inequity Chapter 13 7. Diversity and Social Stratification Chapter 14 8. Anti-Discrimination Education Part 15 Part III: Toward a Pedagogy of Hope and School Change Chapter 16 9. Equity: Beyond Difference and Diversity Chapter 17 Index Chapter 18 About the Authors
The Infinite Gaussian Mixture Model

In a Bayesian mixture model it is not necessary a priori to limit the number of components to be finite. In this paper an infinite Gaussian mixture model is presented which neatly sidesteps the difficult problem of finding the “right” number of mixture components. Inference in the model is done using an efficient parameter-free Markov Chain that relies entirely on Gibbs sampling.
Recent development on time and wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) for next-generation passive optical network stage 2 (NG-PON2)

The second stage of next-generation passive optical network (NG-PON2) based on time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) was proposed by a telecommunication group research to enhance the performance of broadband access networks. TWDM-PON was selected as the best candidate for NG-PON2 solution because of its ability to support the NG-PON2 requirements, such as enhanced bandwidth capacity, 40 Gb/s, and coexistence with previously existing generations without any change to optical distribution network (ODN). This paper reviewed the recent progress carried out on a TWDM-PON system configuration, with emphasis on tunable transmitter and receiver optical network unit (ONU) in terms of the amount of tuning range reported in exploiting the wavelength plan provided with cost efficiency. The speed of data rate transmitted on the downstream and upstream links between optical line terminal (OLT) and ONU with the way of stacking approach in NG-PON2 is reviewed. In addition, the power system budget is reviewed to determine the number of users allocated with the system with each transmission allowed. & 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Two constructions with parabolic geometries

This is an expanded version of a series of lectures delivered at the 25th Winter School “Geometry and Physics” in Srni. After a short introduction to Cartan geometries and parabolic geometries, we give a detailed description of the equivalence between parabolic geometries and underlying geometric structures. The second part of the paper is devoted to constructions which relate parabolic geometries of different type. First we discuss the construction of correspondence spaces and twistor spaces, which is related to nested parabolic subgroups in the same semisimple Lie group. An example related to twistor theory for Grassmannian structures and the geometry of second order ODE’s is discussed in detail. In the last part, we discuss analogs of the Fefferman construction, which relate geometries corresponding different semisimple Lie groups.
Bekenntnis einer schönen Seele oder Darstellung eines sonderbaren Menschen

SummaryBiography means Description of the Life. Life-Description combines the account of the course of life with the inner development of every human being with the contemplation of its Life-Results. Therefore the biography of an literary author could be examined as a result of the cognition: light which shows us the productions of poetry. The biography who explains us these productions has the author in the focus of interest.This essay gives a view about the German efforts to approach the phenomenon Goethe in biographical way. This essay has been making the attempt to count the Goethe-Biographies since the author’s dead: minimum the mention, maximum the description.
Facilitation of motor and balance recovery by thermal intervention for the paretic lower limb of acute stroke: a single-blind randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of thermal stimulation accompanied by either active or passive movement added to standard rehabilitation in facilitating motor and balance function of the paretic leg of acute stroke.


DESIGN
Pilot, observer-blinded, randomized clinical trial.


SETTING
Department of rehabilitation medicine in a general hospital.


SUBJECTS
Thirty-six patients were enrolled within four weeks of the onset of a stroke causing moderate to severe leg paresis (Brunnstrom stage ≤III).


INTERVENTIONS
Patients were randomly assigned to thermal (standard rehabilitation plus approximately 30-40 minutes of thermal stimulation therapy daily for six weeks) and control (standard rehabilitation only) groups.


MAIN MEASURES
Fugl-Meyer lower extremity score, Medical Research Council scale for lower extremity, Modified Motor Assessment Scale, Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients Trunk Control, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Ambulation Classification and Modified Ashworth Scale.


RESULTS
Patients in the thermal group experienced significantly better median scores for Fugl-Meyer lower extremity (14.0; interquartile range, 10.5-15.5), Medical Research Council scale for lower extremity (6.0; 4.0-7.0), Modified Motor Assessment Scale (16.0; 12.5-18.5), Berg Balance Scale (28.0; 20.5-33.5), and Functional Ambulation Classification (2.0; 2.0-2.0) (all P < 0.05). The thermal group also had more independent walkers (15/17; 88.2%) than the control group (9/16; 56.3%) after six weeks (P = 0.06). No adverse effect occurred.


CONCLUSIONS
Thermal stimulation accompanied by either manual facilitation or encouragement for active participation of the paretic lower limb may be an effective promising supplementary treatment for the early-phase rehabilitation of moderate to severe stroke that warrants additional study.
After Wordsworth: Global Revisions of the English Poet

Author(s): Bergren, Katherine Lillian | Advisor(s): Makdisi, Saree | Abstract: After Wordsworth reads the fraught relationships between the English poet and his global Anglophone audience, for whom he was an inspiration and a burden--often at the same time. Where other scholars, both Romanticist and otherwise, have analyzed the afterlives of Romanticism in a teleological straight path from life to afterlife, my dissertation turns this path into a round-trip. By connecting the trajectory of life and afterlife in a circuit, I argue that William Wordsworth's appearances in a variety of genres and locales--from political tracts to memoirs, from New England to the Amazon--do not just produce a reception history. Rather, they uncover the ambivalent Englishness of Wordsworth's own writing.The dissertation opens with a primal scene: the common childhood experience, especially in the colonies of the British empire, of memorizing and reciting Wordsworth's "I wandered lonely as a cloud." In Jamaica Kincaid's Lucy (1990), this experience inspires the title character's immediate hatred for daffodils. But in chapter one I argue that rather than repudiating Wordsworth's poetry, Kincaid in My Garden (Book): (1999) shares Wordsworth's struggle in his Guide to the Lakes (1835) to express the relationship between local stasis and colonial movement through the contested and artificial space of the garden. In chapter two I examine J. M. Coetzee's Disgrace (1999) and contest the critical assumption that it uses Wordsworth's Prelude (1805) merely to indicate the irrelevance of what Coetzee calls in White Writing "the quintessentially European posture of reader vis-a-vis environment." In chapter three I examine the abolitionist afterlife of Wordsworth in the political writings of antebellum activist Lydia Maria Child, who musters Wordsworth's Excursion (1814) in support of her comprehensive anti-slavery agenda--an agenda that Wordsworth seldom considered. In my concluding chapter I suggest that Wordsworth's representativeness, his ability to stand for moral, geographical, and national spheres beyond those which he actually inhabited in his writing, has in part a strange and paradoxical source: it has been constructed since the 1790s by the Wordsworth family. Both then and now, the Wordsworth family labors reveal that the poet's preeminence is a result of his representativeness, a quality that requires a familial infrastructure ready to subsume itself under the banner of Wordsworth.
Assessment of long-term safety and efficacy of etanercept in a 5-year extension study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate long-term safety and efficacy of etanercept (ETN) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) without concomitant disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy.


METHODS
A total of 549 patients enrolled in this 5-year, open-label extension after completing 1 of 2 randomised controlled studies; all patients received ETN 25 mg twice weekly during the extension. Safety assessments included physical exams, adverse events (AEs), vital signs, laboratory tests, and autoantibody evaluations. Key efficacy endpoints included numbers of responders achieving the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, low disease activity scores, and disease remission.


RESULTS
Three hundred and eight (56%) patients completed the 5-year extension study. Total ETN exposure, including that received during the double-blind studies was 2212 patient-years. Withdrawals for efficacy- and safety-related reasons were 12% and 19%, respectively. The most common AE was upper respiratory infection (44%). Rates of serious infections decreased over the 5-year period; one case of suspected tuberculosis was reported. Rates of malignancies remained generally consistent during the 5-year period. There were no reports of demyelinating disease, serious blood dyscrasias, or opportunistic infections. The relationship between autoantibody titres and clinical events was not statistically significant. Less than 5% of patients tested positive for anti-etanercept antibodies and all antibodies were non-neutralising. After 5 years, ACR 20, 50, and 70 response rates were 78%, 51%, and 32%, respectively; the mean percentage of patients achieving low disease activity score (DAS ≤ 2.4) and remission (DAS ≤ 1.6) were 44% and 20%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
ETN maintained a favourable safety profile and consistent efficacy throughout the 5-year study duration.
Trends and patterns of prostate cancer: what do they suggest?

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer in most western countries (1). In the United States, it is the second leading cause of cancer death following only lung cancer (2, 3). During the year 2001, an estimated 31,500 US men will die of prostate cancer and 198,100 men will be newly diagnosed (2). Despite the substantial morbidity and mortality, the etiology of prostate cancer is unknown. The only established risk factors are age, race, and a family history of prostate cancer. Descriptive studies examining incidence and mortality trends and patterns may yield unique clues to etiology. In this review, we present patterns and trends of prostate cancer in various countries to provide further insights for future epidemiologic studies.
Adrenal suppression with inhaled budesonide and fluticasone propionate given by large volume spacer to asthmatic children.

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to compare the systemic bioactivity of inhaled budesonide (B) and fluticasone propionate (F), each given by large volume spacer, on a microgram equivalent basis in asthmatic children.


METHODS
Ten stable asthmatic children of mean age 11 years and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 81.6% predicted, who were receiving treatment with < or = 400 micrograms/day of inhaled corticosteroid, were studied in a placebo controlled single blind (investigator blind) randomised crossover design comparing single doses of inhaled budesonide and fluticasone propionate 400 micrograms, 800 micrograms, and 1250 micrograms. Doses were given at 20.00 hours with mouth rinsing and an overnight 12 hour urine sample was collected for estimation of free cortisol and creatinine excretion.


RESULTS
The results of overnight 12 hour urinary cortisol output (nmol/12 hours) showed suppression with all doses of fluticasone propionate (as geometric means): F400 micrograms (11.99), F800 micrograms (6.49), F1250 micrograms (7.00) compared with placebo (24.43), whereas budesonide caused no suppression at any dose. A comparison of the drugs showed that there were differences at 800 micrograms and 1250 micrograms levels for urinary cortisol: B800 micrograms versus F800 micrograms (2.65-fold, 95% CI 1.26 to 5.58), B1250 micrograms versus F1250 micrograms (2.94-fold, 95% CI 1.67 to 5.15). The results for the cortisol/creatinine ratio were similar to that of urinary cortisol, with fluticasone causing suppression at all doses and with differences between the drugs at 800 micrograms and 1250 micrograms.


CONCLUSIONS
Single doses of inhaled fluticasone produce greater systemic bioactivity than budesonide when given by large volume spacer on a microgram equivalent basis in asthmatic children. The systemic bioactivity of fluticasone, like budesonide, is due mainly to lung bioavailability.
Sedative and Hypnotic Activities of the Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Lavandula officinalis from Morocco

We evaluate the sedative and hypnotic activities of the methanolic and aqueous extract of Lavandula officinalis L. on central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the effect of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of this plant was investigated in a battery of behavioural models in mice. Stems and flowers of Lavandula officinalis L. have several therapeutic applications in folk medicine in curing or managing a wide range of diseases, including insomnia. The methanolic extract produced significant sedative effect at the doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg (by oral route), compared to reference substance diazepam (DZP), and an hypnotic effect at the doses of 800 and 1000 mg/kg while the treatment of mice with the aqueous extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg via oral pathway significantly reduced in both the reestablishment time and number of head dips during the traction and hole-board tests. In conclusion, these results suggest that the methanolic and aqueous extracts of Lavandula officinalis possess potent sedative and hypnotic activities, which supported its therapeutic use for insomnia.
A Linear Dynamic Affect-Expression Model: Facial Expressions According to Perceived Emotions in Mascot-Type Facial Robots

It is expected that robots will be widely exposed to humans in the near future. Emotional communication is very important in human-robot interaction, as well as human- human interaction. Facial expression is an emotional expression method between humans, and it also enables human to recognize a robot's emotional state. Although there are lots of previous research regarding facial expressions, it is not easily applicable to different shapes of robot faces, if the number and types of the robot's control points are varied. In addition, the natural connection between emotions has not been considered or has been inefficiently implemented in previous research. In this paper, we propose a linear dynamic affect-expression model for continuous change of expression and diversifying characteristics of expressional changes. Therefore, the proposed model allows a robot's facial expression and expression changes to more closely resemble those of humans, and this model is applicable to various mascot-type robots irrespective of the number and types of robot's control points.
Management of biomedical waste in India and other countries: a review.

The objective of this study is (i) to summarize the rules for management and handling of biomedical wastes, (ii) to give the definition, categories of biomedical wastes, suggested storage containers including colour-coding and treatment options, (iii) mainly to highlight the effects of biomedical waste in the environment such as air, land, radioactive pollution and (iv) disposal of wastes, regulation and recommendations. Health-care waste management in several countries including India is receiving greater attention due to stringent regulations. The waste generation rate ranges between 0.5 and 2.0 kg bedday. The solid waste from the hospitals consists of bandages, linen and other infectious waste (30-35%), plastics (710%), disposable syringes (0.3-0.5%), glass (3-5%) and other general wastes including food (40-45%). Several survey works carried out by various research organizations by (Government and Non government and private sectors) have been discussed and reviewed in this paper.
Power consumption model for partial and dynamic reconfiguration

In the context of embedded systems development, two important challenges are the efficient use of silicon area and the energy consumption minimization. Hardware accelerated tasks allow to reduce energy consumption of several orders of magnitude, compared to software execution, but these tasks require silicon area and consume power even when they are unused (idle power). Dynamic and Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) brings, to System-on-Chip architectures, an interesting answer by allowing to share a piece of silicon surface between different dedicated accelerators and thus brings the opportunity to reduce power consumption. Nevertheless, many parameters like reconfiguration overhead, accelerator area and performance tradeoff, idle power consumption, etc. make power consumption gain difficult to evaluate. In order to take good implementation choices, it is important to have a precise power and energy consumption estimation of the partial reconfiguration process. In this context, this paper presents a detailed investigation of power consumption of a DPR process using Xilinx ICAP reconfiguration controller. From these results we propose three power models with different complexity/accuracy tradeoffs which helps to analyze the benefits of using accelerated and dynamically reconfigurable tasks in comparison with classical static configuration or full software execution.
The Level of Anxiety and Depression in Dialysis Patients Undertaking Regular Physical Exercise Training--a Preliminary Study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a six-month physical training undertaken by haemodialysis (HD) patients, on the depression and anxiety.


METHODS
Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) were recruited from the dialysis station at the Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine in Wroclaw. Physical training took place at the beginning of the first 4-hours of dialysis, three times a week for six months. A personal questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used in the study.


RESULTS
A total of 28 patients completed the study: 20 were randomised to endurance training and 8 were randomised to resistance training. Statistical analysis of depression and anxiety at the initial (t1) and final examination (t2) indicated a significant reduction in depression and anxiety, particularly anxiety as a trait (X2) in the whole study group. The change in anxiety as a state correlated with the disease duration, duration of dialysis and the initial level of anxiety as a state (t1X1). The change in anxiety as a trait significantly correlated with age and the initial level of anxiety (t1X2).


CONCLUSIONS
Undertaking physical training during dialysis by patients with ESRD is beneficial in reducing their levels of anxiety and depression. Both resistance and endurance training improves mood, but only endurance training additionally results in anxiety reduction.
Feasibility of evidence-based diagnosis and management of heart failure in older people in care: a pilot randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Many older people in long-term care do not receive evidence-based diagnosis or management for heart failure; it is not known whether this can be achieved for this population. We initiated an onsite heart failure service, compared with 'usual care' with the aim of establishing the feasibility of accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.


METHODS
A pilot randomised controlled trial which randomised residents from 33 care facilities in North-East England with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) to usual care or an onsite heart failure service. The primary outcome was the optimum prescription of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-adrenergic antagonists at 6 months.


RESULTS
Of 399 echocardiographically-screened residents aged 65-100 years, 30 subjects with LVSD were eligible; 28 (93%) consented and were randomised (HF service: 16; routine care: 12). Groups were similar at baseline; six month follow-up was completed for 25 patients (89%); 3 (11%) patients died. Results for the primary outcome were not statistically significant but there was a consistent pattern of increased drug use and titration to optimum dose in the intervention group (21% compared to 0% receiving routine care, p=0.250). Hospitalisation rates, quality of life and mortality at 6 months were similar between groups.


CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated the feasibility of an on-site heart failure service for older long-term care populations. Optimisation of medication appeared possible without adversely affecting quality of life; this questions clinicians' concerns about adverse effects in this group. This has international implications for managing such patients. These methods should be replicated in a large-scale study to quantify the scale of benefit.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ISRCTN19781227 http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN19781227
Disseminating Context-Specific Access to Online Knowledge Resources within Electronic Health Record Systems

Clinicians' patient care information needs are frequent and largely unmet. Online knowledge resources are available that can help clinicians meet these information needs. Yet, significant barriers limit the use of these resources within the clinical workflow. Infobuttons are clinical decision support tools that use the clinical context (e.g., institution, user, patient) within electronic health record (EHR) systems to anticipate clinicians' questions and provide automated links to relevant information in knowledge resources. This paper describes OpenInfobutton (www.openinfobutton.org): a standards-based, open source Web service that was designed to disseminate infobutton capabilities in multiple EHR systems and healthcare organizations. OpenInfobutton has been successfully integrated with 38 knowledge resources at 5 large healthcare organizations in the United States. We describe the OpenInfobutton architecture, knowledge resource integration, and experiences at five large healthcare organizations.