LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of metals onto tea factory waste: a review.

Industrial waste constitutes the major source of various kinds of metal pollution in natural water. There are at least 20 metals which cannot be degraded or destroyed. The important toxic metals are Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Ni. There are numerous methods currently employed to remove and recover the metals from our environment and many physico-chemical methods have been proposed for their removal from wastewater. Adsorption is one of the alternatives for such cases and is an effective purification and separa0tion technique used in industry especially in water and wastewater treatments. Cost is an important parameter for comparing the adsorbent materials. Therefore, there is increasing research interest in using alternative low-cost adsorbents. In recent years, tea factory waste (TFW) is also gaining grounds due to its potential to overcome heavy metal pollutants. Insoluble cell walls of tea leaves are largely made up of cellulose and hemicelluloses, lignin, condensed tannins and structural proteins. In present paper a review on potential of TFW as an adsorbent for the removal of toxic metals were discussed. Characterization of various type of TFW, equilibrium studies, kinetic studies, thermodynamic studies and batch studies for the removal of toxic metals by adsorption were presented.
A wall-climbing robot for labelling scale of oil tank's volume

A Wall-Climbing Robot (WCR) with magnetic tracks is presented in this paper. The robot is designed for labeling the scale of oil tank. The Wall-Climbing Robot (WCR) uses a permanent magnet sucker as its sucking mode, and a track as its moving mode. We designed an elastic brace mechanism, a load-scatter mechanism and parallelogram mechanism to improve the robot's adaptability on the steel wall surface. The control system utilizes two-level computer control systems, achieving control of the robot's moving track and processing data collected by the robot.
Longitudinal study on Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal colonization in HIV-infected and -uninfected infants vaccinated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

BACKGROUND
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus are all potentially pathogenic, which frequently colonize the nasopharynx (NP) prior to causing disease. We studied bacterial NP-colonization in 321 HIV-infected and 243 HIV-uninfected children vaccinated with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age.


METHODS
HIV-uninfected infants included those born to HIV-uninfected (HUU) and HIV-infected women (HEU); HIV-infected children with CD4+ lymphocyte ≥25% were randomized to initiate antiretroviral therapy immediately (ART-Immed) or when clinically indicated (ART-Def). Nasopharyngeal swabs for bacterial culture were taken prior to each PCV7 dose (Visits 1-3) and at 20, 39, 47 and 67 weeks of age (Visits 4-7). Swabs were cultured by standard methods and pneumococcal serotyping done by the Quellung method.


RESULTS
Colonization patterns for pneumococcus, H. influenzae and S. aureus did not differ between HUU and HEU children; and were also generally similar between ART-Def and ART-Immed children. Prevalence of PCV7-serotype colonization was similar between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children, however, overall pneumococcal and specifically non-vaccine serotype colonization tended to be lower in HIV-infected children. HIV-infected children also had a 44% lower prevalence of S. aureus colonization at Visit-1 (p=0.010); and H. influenzae colonization was also lower among HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected children at Visit-2, Visit-3, Visit-6 and Visit-7.


CONCLUSION
Vaccine-serotype colonization is similar in PCV-immunized HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children. We, however, identified a lower prevalence of overall-pneumococcal and H. influenzae colonization in HIV-infected children post-PCV vaccination, the clinical-relevance of which warrants further study.
The Effectiveness of Three Regions in Mitochondrial Genome for Aphid DNA Barcoding: A Case in Lachininae

BACKGROUND
The mitochondrial gene COI has been widely used by taxonomists as a standard DNA barcode sequence for the identification of many animal species. However, the COI region is of limited use for identifying certain species and is not efficiently amplified by PCR in all animal taxa. To evaluate the utility of COI as a DNA barcode and to identify other barcode genes, we chose the aphid subfamily Lachninae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as the focus of our study. We compared the results obtained using COI with two other mitochondrial genes, COII and Cytb. In addition, we propose a new method to improve the efficiency of species identification using DNA barcoding.


METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Three mitochondrial genes (COI, COII and Cytb) were sequenced and were used in the identification of over 80 species of Lachninae. The COI and COII genes demonstrated a greater PCR amplification efficiency than Cytb. Species identification using COII sequences had a higher frequency of success (96.9% in "best match" and 90.8% in "best close match") and yielded lower intra- and higher interspecific genetic divergence values than the other two markers. The use of "tag barcodes" is a new approach that involves attaching a species-specific tag to the standard DNA barcode. With this method, the "barcoding overlap" can be nearly eliminated. As a result, we were able to increase the identification success rate from 83.9% to 95.2% by using COI and the "best close match" technique.


CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
A COII-based identification system should be more effective in identifying lachnine species than COI or Cytb. However, the Cytb gene is an effective marker for the study of aphid population genetics due to its high sequence diversity. Furthermore, the use of "tag barcodes" can improve the accuracy of DNA barcoding identification by reducing or removing the overlap between intra- and inter-specific genetic divergence values.
Intellectual, behavioral, and emotional functioning in children with syndromic craniosynostosis.

OBJECTIVES
To examine intellectual, behavioral, and emotional functioning of children who have syndromic craniosynostosis and to explore differences between diagnostic subgroups.


METHODS
A national sample of children who have syndromic craniosynostosis participated in this study. Intellectual, behavioral, and emotional outcomes were assessed by using standardized measures: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third Edition, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)/6-18, Disruptive Behavior Disorder rating scale (DBD), and the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children.


RESULTS
We included 82 children (39 boys) aged 6 to 13 years who have syndromic craniosynostosis. Mean Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) was in the normal range (M = 96.6; SD = 21.6). However, children who have syndromic craniosynostosis had a 1.9 times higher risk for developing intellectual disability (FSIQ < 85) compared with the normative population (P < .001) and had more behavioral and emotional problems compared with the normative population, including higher scores on the CBCL/6-18, DBD Total Problems (P < .001), Internalizing (P < .01), social problems (P < .001), attention problems (P < .001), and the DBD Inattention (P < .001). Children who have Apert syndrome had lower FSIQs (M = 76.7; SD = 13.3) and children who have Muenke syndrome had more social problems (P < .01), attention problems (P < .05), and inattention problems (P < .01) than normative population and with other diagnostic subgroups.


CONCLUSIONS
Although children who have syndromic craniosynostosis have FSIQs similar to the normative population, they are at increased risk for developing intellectual disability, internalizing, social, and attention problems. Higher levels of behavioral and emotional problems were related to lower levels of intellectual functioning.
Impact of Ownership Structure and Corporate Governance on Capital Structure of Pakistani Listed Companies

This paper explores the relationship between corporate governance and capital structure of listed companies in an emerging equity market, Pakistan. The study covers the period 2002 to 2005 for which firm level data for 58 randomly selected non-financial listed companies from Karachi Stock Exchange has been examined by using multivariate regression analysis under fixed effect model approach. Measures of corporate governance employed are board size, board composition, and CEO/Chair duality. Impact of shareholding on financing decisions has also been examined by using managerial shareholding and institutional shareholding. Similarly influence of controlled variables like firm size and profitability on firms’ financing mechanism is also investigated. Results reveal that board size and managerial shareholding is significantly negatively correlated with debt to equity ratio. However corporate’s financing behavior is not found significantly influenced by CEO/Chair duality and the presence of non-executive directors on the board. However, control variables firm size and return on assets are found to have a significant effect on capital structure. No temporal effects are observed. Therefore results suggest that corporate governance variables like size and ownership structure and managerial shareholding play important role in determination of financial mix of the firms.
Investigate the Impact of Relationship Marketing Orientation on Customer Loyalty: The Customer's Perspective

In today's high competitive and globalize banking context, increasing Customer loyalty emerges as the most important challenges faced by marketers. Cultivating loyal customers is frequently argued to be the single most important driver of organizations’ long-term financial performance, which can lead to increased sales and customer share, lower costs, and higher prices. Therefore marketing scholars emphasize the influence of relationship marketing as a strategically important tool from which customer loyalty can be secured and, as a result, the attainment of higher competitiveness and enhanced customer satisfaction can be achieved. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of relationship marketing orientation on customer loyalty. The study also aims to test the impact of demographic variables, in association with relationship marketing dimensions, on customer loyalty. The study was carried out in 2008 on a convenience sample of 450 respondents through the distribution of structured questionnaires to bank customers within the area of Amman, Jordan. The data were factor analyzed to determine the key dimensions of relationship marketing orientation measurement scale. Results confirm that the five dimensions scale (Bonding, trust, communication, satisfaction and commitment) possess adequate reliability and internal consistency as well as convergent validity. Results of regression analysis show that relationship marketing orientation is significant in explaining the variation in customer loyalty. In addition, sex and income displayed a significant impact on the relationship marketing-customer loyalty relationship. The findings contribute to understanding the relationships between different dimensions of relationship marketing orientation, customer loyalty and demographic variables; provide critical implications for bank managers; and highlight directions for future research.
New Human-Computer Interaction Techniques

This chapter describes the area of human-computer interaction technique research in general and then describes research in several new types of interaction techniques under way at the Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory: eye movement-based interaction techniques, three-dimensional pointing, and, finally, using dialogue properties in interaction techniques.
Cellular automata as models of complexity

Natural systems from snowflakes to mollusc shells show a great diversity of complex patterns. The origins of such complexity can be investigated through mathematical models termed ‘cellular automata’. Cellular automata consist of many identical components, each simple., but together capable of complex behaviour. They are analysed both as discrete dynamical systems, and as information-processing systems. Here some of their universal features are discussed, and some general principles are suggested.
HYTECH: The Cornell HYbrid TECHnology Tool

This paper is addressed to potential users of HyTech, the Cornell Hybrid Technology Tool, an automatic tool for analyzing hybrid systems. We review the formal technologies that have been incorporated into HyTech, and we illustrate the use of HyTech with three nontrivial case studies.
Analysis of log periodic dipole array antennas for site validation and radiated emissions testing

Log periodic dipole array (LPDA) antennas are one of the most widely used antenna types for normalized site attenuation (NSA) and radiated emission (RE) testing. A thorough understanding of the possible error sources associated with the calibration and application of LPDAs for EMC tests over a ground plane is essential for evaluating and minimizing measurement uncertainties. Systematic errors are present in the standard site calibration and NSA measurement, which are independent of random effects and equipment uncertainties. In an effort to determine the effects on NSA and RE testing, these errors are examined using a numerical momentmethod model and measurements. Error contributions from mutual coupling between antenna and image, active phase center variation, radiation pattern, and cross-polarization effect are investigated. A logical step is to apply the phase center correction in the standard site method for antennas used above a conducting ground plane. However, results below show that the phase center corrections alone do not provide a free-space AF for calibrations performed above a conducting ground plane. This is because common EMC LPDAs have gains of 4-8 dBi, while the standard site method calibration and NSA measurements assume a point-dipole antenna pattern [l]. The numerical results show distinct differences between the LPDA and dipole antenna patterns. The dipole pattern assumption can lead to errors that can be dominant for antennas used above a ground plane.
Improved outcome with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a poor prognostic subgroup of infants with mixed-lineage-leukemia (MLL)-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the Interfant-99 Study.

To define a role for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and rearrangements of the mixed-lineage-leukemia gene (MLL(+)), we compared the outcome of MLL(+) patients from trial Interfant-99 who either received chemotherapy only or HSCT. Of 376 patients with a known MLL status in the trial, 297 (79%) were MLL(+). Among the 277 of 297 MLL(+) patients (93%) in first remission (CR), there appeared to be a significant difference in disease-free survival (adjusted by waiting time to HSCT) between the 37 (13%) who received HSCT and the 240 (87%) who received chemotherapy only (P = .03). However, the advantage was restricted to a subgroup with 2 additional unfavorable prognostic features: age less than 6 months and either poor response to steroids at day 8 or leukocytes more than or equal to 300 g/L. Ninety-seven of 297 MLL(+) patients (33%) had such high-risk criteria, with 87 achieving CR. In this group, HSCT was associated with a 64% reduction in the risk of failure resulting from relapse or death in CR (hazard ratio = 0.36, 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.86). In the remaining patients, there was no advantage for HSCT over chemotherapy only. In summary, HSCT seems to be a valuable option for a subgroup of infant MLL(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia carrying further poor prognostic factors. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00015873 and at www.controlled-trials.com as #ISRCTN24251487.
Estimating required information size by quantifying diversity in random-effects model meta-analyses

BACKGROUND
There is increasing awareness that meta-analyses require a sufficiently large information size to detect or reject an anticipated intervention effect. The required information size in a meta-analysis may be calculated from an anticipated a priori intervention effect or from an intervention effect suggested by trials with low-risk of bias.


METHODS
Information size calculations need to consider the total model variance in a meta-analysis to control type I and type II errors. Here, we derive an adjusting factor for the required information size under any random-effects model meta-analysis.


RESULTS
We devise a measure of diversity (D2) in a meta-analysis, which is the relative variance reduction when the meta-analysis model is changed from a random-effects into a fixed-effect model. D2 is the percentage that the between-trial variability constitutes of the sum of the between-trial variability and a sampling error estimate considering the required information size. D2 is different from the intuitively obvious adjusting factor based on the common quantification of heterogeneity, the inconsistency (I2), which may underestimate the required information size. Thus, D2 and I2 are compared and interpreted using several simulations and clinical examples. In addition we show mathematically that diversity is equal to or greater than inconsistency, that is D2 >or= I2, for all meta-analyses.


CONCLUSION
We conclude that D2 seems a better alternative than I2 to consider model variation in any random-effects meta-analysis despite the choice of the between trial variance estimator that constitutes the model. Furthermore, D2 can readily adjust the required information size in any random-effects model meta-analysis.
Identifying subgroups among poor prognosis patients with nonseminomatous germ cell cancer by tree modelling: a validation study.

BACKGROUND
In order to target intensive treatment strategies for poor prognosis patients with non-seminomatous germ cell cancer, those with the poorest prognosis should be identified. These patients might profit most from more intensive treatment strategies. For this purpose, a regression tree was previously developed on 332 patients. We aimed to evaluate the performance and structure of this tree.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
The previously developed tree was applied to 456 patients with a poor prognosis as defined by the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG). Next, we developed a new tree to evaluate whether a similar structure to the previous tree was found. We assessed the internal validity of the new tree, and compared the 2-year survival estimates of each subgroup together with the discriminative ability for both the previously developed and the new tree. Discriminative ability was measured by a concordance (c) statistic, which varies between 0.5 (no discrimination) and 1.0 (perfect discrimination).


RESULTS
The 2-year survival estimates in the IGCCCG data ranged from 33% to 63%. The ordering of the subgroups was different and discriminative ability was lower than originally found (c = 0.56 in the IGCCCG data versus 0.63 originally). The new tree differed considerably from the original tree, and identified poor prognosis subgroups with 2-year survival estimates from 38% to 73%. Internal validation showed similar discriminative ability for the new tree and the original tree (c = 0.59 versus 0.56).


CONCLUSIONS
The previously developed tree showed poor validity with respect to discriminative ability and the stability of its structure. The performance of the new tree was also unsatisfactory. Given the low proportion of patients categorised as poor prognosis, it seems that the potential to identify further subgroups with the currently available patient characteristics is limited.
Directional binary code with application to PolyU near-infrared face database

This paper introduces the establishment of PolyU near-infrared face database (PolyU-NIRFD) and presents a new coding scheme for face recognition. The PolyU-NIRFD contains images from 350 subjects, each contributing about 100 samples with variations of pose, expression, focus, scale, time, etc. In total, 35,000 samples were collected in the database. The PolyU-NIRFD provides a platform for researchers to develop and evaluate various near-infrared face recognition techniques under large scale, controlled and uncontrolled conditions. A new coding scheme, namely directional binary code (DBC), is then proposed for near-infrared face recognition. Finally, we provide three protocols to evaluate and compare the proposed DBC method with baseline face recognition methods, including Gabor based Eigenface, Fisherface and LBP (local binary pattern) on the PolyU-NIRFD database. In addition, we also conduct experiments on the visible light band FERET database to further validate the proposed DBC scheme. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
"Back-up heart."

Presents a 55-word story on the experience of providing an emergency procedure to keep a patient's heart pumping. (PsycINFO Database Record
On the anonymity of two-factor authentication schemes for wireless sensor networks: Attacks, principle and solutions

Keywords: Two-factor authentication Wireless sensor networks User anonymity Smart card Non-tamper resistant a b s t r a c t Anonymity is among the important properties of two-factor authentication schemes for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to preserve user privacy. Though impressive efforts have been devoted to designing schemes with user anonymity by only using lightweight symmetric key primitives such as hash functions and block ciphers, to the best of our knowledge none has succeeded so far. In this work, we take an initial step to shed light on the rationale underlying this prominent issue. Firstly, we scrutinize two previously-thought sound schemes, namely Fan et al.'s scheme and Xue et al.'s scheme, and demonstrate the major challenges in designing a scheme with user anonymity. Secondly, using these two foremost schemes as case studies and on the basis of the work of Halevi–Krawczyk (1999) [44] and Impagliazzo–Rudich (1989) [43], we put forward a general principle: Public-key techniques are intrinsically indispensable to construct a two-factor authentication scheme that can support user anonymity. Furthermore, we discuss the practical solutions to realize user anonymity. Remarkably, our principle can be applied to two-factor schemes for universal environments besides WSNs, such as the Inter-net, global mobility networks and mobile clouds. We believe that our work contributes to a better understanding of the inherent complexity in achieving user privacy, and will establish a groundwork for developing more secure and efficient privacy-preserving two-factor authentication schemes. With the rapid development of micro-electromechani-cal systems and wireless network technologies, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted increasing attention due to its wide range of applications from battlefield surveillance to civilian applications, e.g., environmental monitoring, real-time traffic control, industrial process control and home automation. As is well known, most large-scale WSNs [1–3] follow a tiered architecture due to its superiority in increasing the network capacity and scalability, accommodating the node mobility, reducing the management complexity and prolonging the network lifetime. Thus, in this work we mainly focus on the tiered WSNs as well. In many critical applications, external users are generally interested in accessing real-time information from sensor nodes, yet if the data queries are issued by the base station, efficiency, scalability and security may not be ensured over the long communication path between the base station and the sensor nodes [4,5].