LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Transformer ZVS/ZCS DC–DC Converter With Optimized Magnetics and Improved Power Devices Utilization for Photovoltaic Module Applications

This paper presents a nonisolated, high boost ratio dc-dc converter with the application for photovoltaic (PV) modules. The proposed converter utilizes a hybrid transformer to incorporate the resonant operation mode into a traditional high boost ratio active-clamp coupled-inductor pulse-width-modulation dc-dc converter, achieving zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) turn-on of active switches and zero-current-switching turn-off of diodes. As a result of the inductive and capacitive energy being transferred simultaneously within the whole switching period, power device utilization (PDU) is improved and magnetic utilization (MU) is optimized. The improved PDU allows reduction of the silicon area required to realize the power devices of the converter. The optimized MU reduces the dc-bias of magnetizing current in the magnetic core, leading to smaller sized magnetics. Since the magnetizing current has low dc-bias, the ripple magnetizing current can be utilized to assist ZVS of main switch, while maintaining low root-mean-square (RMS) conduction loss. The voltage stresses on the active switches and diodes are maintained at a low level and are independent of the wide changing PV voltages as a result of the resonant capacitor in series in the energy transfer loop. The experimental results based on 250 W prototype circuit show 97.7% peak efficiency and system CEC efficiencies greater than 96.7% over 20 to 45 V input voltages. Due to the high efficiency over wide power range, the ability to operate with a wide variable input voltage and compact size, the proposed converter is an attractive design for PV module applications.
T-cell–B-cell cooperation

The discovery that T cells cooperate with B cells in the induction of antibody production marked a milestone in the study of immunology. Together with presentation of antigen by specialized antigen-presenting cells (a discovery made at around the same time), it provided the first and most important example of cooperation between different cell types of the immune system. The discovery of T-cell–B-cell cooperation enhanced our understanding of immunoregulation. In doing so, it laid the foundation for much of contemporary research in basic immunology, as well as present ideas about immunological diseases, ranging from immune deficiency to autoimmunity and allergy.
Acquisition of exhaustivity in wh-questions : A semantic dimension of SLI ?

This paper investigates how exhaustivity in single and multiple wh-questions is acquired in German-speaking children with SLI. Comparing semantic and pragmatic accounts of exhaustivity, obligatory exhaustivity of multiple wh-questions is argued to be problematic for pragmatic approaches. A unified semantic approach is suggested that relates exhaustivity to an inherent property of the question meaning. Two question-withpicture experiments explored the comprehension of four wh-question types (single whquestions with and without the quantifying question particle alles, paired and conjoined wh-questions) in 5-year-old children. Twenty children with SLI, 20 typically developing (TD) children, and 20 adults participated in Experiment 1, and 17 TD children in Experiment 2. The results indicate that 5-year-old TD children have acquired exhaustivity in single and paired wh-questions. The children with SLI mastered wh-allesquestions, but not the other wh-question types. For single wh-questions, the most frequent errors were singleton answers, and for paired and conjoined wh-questions exhaustive lists of subjects or objects; plural responses were not found. Within individual children, single wh-questions were acquired before paired wh-questions. These findings suggest that a unified theory for both single and paired wh-questions is desirable, one which attributes exhaustivity to universally exhausting the question domain – a property that SLI children do not possess. These results add to recent research indicating that children with SLI may have deficits in semantics.
Valuation Ratios and Price Deviations from Fundamentals

This paper sheds light on US stock price deviations from fundamentals by analyzing the time-series dynamics of post-1870 S&P valuation ratios. It employs a non-linear, two-regime framework that allows for different behavior over phases of the stock market cycle. Persistence in the ratios implies prolonged price deviations from fundamentals stemming from short run continuation fueled by investor sentiment during bull markets. However, the pull from fundamentals ensures that valuation ratios and prices move toward their equilibrium levels in bear markets. Impulse response functions highlight sluggish adjustment and indicate that the effects of positive shocks are more pronounced and longlasting in bull markets. The main conclusion is that, while market sentiment plays an important transitory role, valuation ratios do mean revert and so prices reflect fundamentals in the long run. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: C40; G12
The transition to digital television

This paper studies the role of economic policy for the transition from analogue to digital television, with particular attention to the switch off of the analogue terrestrial signal. The analogue signal cannot be credibly switched off until almost all viewers have migrated to digital, due to the policy objective of universal access to television. But before switch off, only part of the population can be reached with the digital signal. In addition, those who are reached need to spend more to upgrade their reception equipment than after switch off, because the capacity to increase the power of the digital signal will be made available only then. After reviewing the competitive structure and the role of government intervention in television markets, we present the early experience of a number of industrialized countries in the transition to digital television. We then formulate a microeconometric model of digital television adoption by individual viewers. The model is calibrated to UK data and simulated to predict the impact of government policies on the take-up of digital television. Policy makers can affect the speed of take up of digital television by: (1) controlling the quality of the signals and the content of public service broadcasters; (2) intervening in the market for digital equipment with subsidies; and (3) publicizing the conditions and date of switch off of the analogue signal. We find that if the analogue terrestrial signal is switched off only when certain aggregate adoption targets are reached, strategic delays may arise and expectations may affect the success of the switch off policy.
Environmental science : sustaining the earth

Presents an overview of human and nature provides scientific principles and concepts. Abords air, water and soil resources. Deals with living resources, energy and mineral resources
STPP: Spatial-Temporal Phase Profiling-Based Method for Relative RFID Tag Localization

Many object localization applications need the relative locations of a set of objects as oppose to their absolute locations. Although many schemes for object localization using radio frequency identification RFID tags have been proposed, they mostly focus on absolute object localization and are not suitable for relative object localization because of large error margins and the special hardware that they require. In this paper, we propose an approach called spatial-temporal phase profiling STPP to RFID-based relative object localization. The basic idea of STPP is that by moving a reader over a set of tags during which the reader continuously interrogating the tags, for each tag, the reader obtains a sequence of RF phase values, which we call a phase profile, from the tag’s responses over time. By analyzing the spatial-temporal dynamics in the phase profiles, STPP can calculate the spatial ordering among the tags. In comparison with prior absolute object localization schemes, STPP requires neither dedicated infrastructure nor special hardware. We implemented STPP and evaluated its performance in two real-world applications: locating misplaced books in a library and determining the baggage order in an airport. The experimental results show that STPP achieves about 84% ordering accuracy for misplaced books and 95% ordering accuracy for baggage handling. We further leverage the controllable reader antenna and upgrade STPP to infer the spacing between each pair of tags. The result shows that STPP could achieve promising performance on distance ranging.
The environmental and cost impacts of vehicle electrification in the Azores

Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to reduce transportation sector CO2 emissions in São Miguel, an island in the Azores, while simultaneously reducing mobility operating costs. This thesis attempts to quantify the cost and environmental impacts of using EVs on São Miguel, using an economic dispatch and unit commitment model. The number of EVs and the ways that they charge are varied. The composition of São Miguel’s electric power generation portfolio is varied from its current composition to one that incorporates higher levels of renewable generation. Emissions reductions stemming from EVs vary according to how the vehicles are charged and when renewable generation, which is less expensive and less CO2intensive than thermal generation, is available. Charging “optimally” can save hundreds of thousands of Euros in system mobility costs per week and, in some cases, halve transportation CO2 emissions. Optimal charging results also show that, in certain cases, charging during periods of high electric demand is acceptable. This result is contrary to previous literature on vehicle charging, and is due primarily to the limited number of generators on São Miguel. CO2 abatement costs stemming from the use of EVs vary from 26 to 160 Euros per tonne of CO2. Portugal’s tax on gasoline and subsidization of EVs make calculating the exact cost of EVs in São Miguel difficult, but a simple discounted cash flow shows that, for a 950 electric vehicle fleet, the internal rate of return over a ten year period is 8.24%. Other costs associated with EVs, including the installation of new grid infrastructure and charging stations, are also considered. Thesis Supervisor: Stephen Connors Title: Director, Analysis Group for Regional Energy Alternatives Thesis Supervisor: Ignacio J. Pérez-Arriaga Title: Visiting Professor, Engineering Systems Division Professor of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
Consistent Moment Selection Procedures for Generalized Method of Moments Estimation

1 Ž. This paper considers a generalized method of moments GMM estimation problem in which one has a vector of moment conditions, some of which are correct and some incorrect. The paper introduces several procedures for consistently selecting the correct moment conditions. The procedures also can consistently determine whether there is a sufficient number of correct moment conditions to identify the unknown parameters of interest. The paper specifies moment selection criteria that are GMM analogues of the widely Ž. used BIC and AIC model selection criteria. The latter is not consistent. The paper also considers downward and upward testing procedures. All of the moment selection procedures discussed in this paper are based on the minimized values of the GMM criterion function for different vectors of moment conditions. The procedures are applicable in time-series and cross-sectional contexts. Application of the results of the paper to instrumental variables estimation problems yields consistent procedures for selecting instrumental variables. 1. INTRODUCTION Ž. EMPIRICAL RESEARCHERS USING GENERALIZED METHOD of moments GMM estimation methods often find that the J test of over-identifying restrictions rejects the null hypothesis. Rejection of the null indicates that not all moment conditions are correct. Thus, it may be useful to employ a moment selection procedure that estimates which moments are correct and which are incorrect. This paper introduces several such moment selection procedures. First, we Ž. consider procedures based on a moment selection criterion MSC. Minimization of the MSC over the parameter space C C for the selection vectors yields an estimate of the correct moment conditions. We introduce GMM analogues of Ž. Ž. Ž. the widely used BIC Bayesian , AIC Akaike , and HQIC Hannan-Quinn model selection criteria. We refer to these criteria as GMM-BIC, GMM-AIC, and GMM-HQIC. These criteria are based on the J test statistic for over-identifying restrictions. A ''bonus'' term is subtracted from the J test statistic that rewards selection vectors that employ more moment conditions. We demon
Corporate reputation in the People's Republic of China: A B2B perspective

Abstract How B2B firms in the People's Republic of China [PRC] view, value and manage their corporate reputation has received little research attention. Drawing on multiple case studies, our findings confirm that firms are utilizing certain Western conceptualizations of corporate reputation, including the leveraging of intangible forms of corporate reputation. However, many of the firms were also using the hitherto underemphasized elements of firm–government relationships and government regulatory policies to create positive assessments of a firm's reputation among key stakeholders. Notwithstanding our findings that corporate reputation is valued as a means of gaining competitive advantage and dispelling perceptions that Chinese products/services are low-cost and low-quality, concern remains that building reputation capital among stakeholders may result in a loss of price competitiveness. Finally, unlike the framework proposed by Barnett, Jermier, and Lafferty (2006), our results suggest that B2B firms in China do not impose clear boundaries between reputation and ‘corporate reputation capital’. Nor does there appear to be an emphasis on disaggregating the constructs of identify and image from that of reputation.
Modeling of waves generated by a moving submergedbody

In this work, a Boundary Element model of an underwater landslide is developed. Careful gridding and time stepping techniques are demonstrated that produce highly accurate simulation results based on conservation of volume. A sensitivity analysis shows how to optimize simulation accuracy. The general techniques demonstrated herein are applicable to arbitrary moving submerged bodies.
A text messaging intervention to improve retention in care and virologic suppression in a U.S. urban safety-net HIV clinic: study protocol for the Connect4Care (C4C) randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Few data exist on the use of text messaging as a tool to promote retention in HIV care and virologic suppression at the clinic level in the United States. We describe the protocol for a study designed to investigate whether a text messaging intervention that supports healthy behaviors, encourages consistent engagement with care, and promotes antiretroviral persistence can improve retention in care and virologic suppression among patients in an urban safety-net HIV clinic in San Francisco.


METHODS/DESIGN
Connect4Care (C4C) is a single-site, randomized year-long study of text message appointment reminders vs. text message appointment reminders plus thrice-weekly supportive, informational, and motivational text messages. Eligible consenting patients are allocated 1:1 to the two arms within strata defined by HIV diagnosis within the past 12 months (i.e. "newly diagnosed") vs. earlier. Study participants must receive primary care at the San Francisco General Hospital HIV clinic, speak English, possess a cell phone and be willing to send/receive up to 25 text messages per month, a have viral load >200 copies/μL, and be either new to the clinic or have a history of poor retention. The primary efficacy outcome is virologic suppression at 12 months and the key secondary outcome, which will also be examined as a mediator of the primary outcome, is retention in HIV care, as operationalized by kept and missed primary care visits. Process outcomes include text message response rate and percent of time in study without cell phone service. Generalized estimating equation log-binomial models will be used for intent to treat, per protocol, and mediation analyses. An assessment of the cost and cost-effectiveness of the intervention is planned along with a qualitative evaluation of the intervention.


DISCUSSION
Findings from this study will provide valuable information about the use of behavioral-theory based text messaging to promote retention in HIV care and virologic suppression, further elucidate the challenges of using texting technology with marginalized urban populations, and help guide the development of new mobile health strategies to improve HIV care cascade outcomes.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT01917994.
Organizational Determinants of Interprofessional Collaboration in Integrative Health Care: Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

CONTEXT
Inteprofessional collaboration (IPC) between biomedically trained doctors (BMD) and traditional, complementary and alternative medicine practitioners (TCAMP) is an essential element in the development of successful integrative healthcare (IHC) services. This systematic review aims to identify organizational strategies that would facilitate this process.


METHODS
We searched 4 international databases for qualitative studies on the theme of BMD-TCAMP IPC, supplemented with a purposive search of 31 health services and TCAM journals. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using published checklist. Results of each included study were synthesized using a framework approach, with reference to the Structuration Model of Collaboration.


FINDINGS
Thirty-seven studies of acceptable quality were included. The main driver for developing integrative healthcare was the demand for holistic care from patients. Integration can best be led by those trained in both paradigms. Bridge-building activities, positive promotion of partnership and co-location of practices are also beneficial for creating bonding between team members. In order to empower the participation of TCAMP, the perceived power differentials need to be reduced. Also, resources should be committed to supporting team building, collaborative initiatives and greater patient access. Leadership and funding from central authorities are needed to promote the use of condition-specific referral protocols and shared electronic health records. More mature IHC programs usually formalize their evaluation process around outcomes that are recognized both by BMD and TCAMP.


CONCLUSIONS
The major themes emerging from our review suggest that successful collaborative relationships between BMD and TCAMP are similar to those between other health professionals, and interventions which improve the effectiveness of joint working in other healthcare teams with may well be transferable to promote better partnership between the paradigms. However, striking a balance between the different practices and preserving the epistemological stance of TCAM will remain the greatest challenge in successful integration.
Locomotion (Empowering) and Assessment (Disempowering) Self-regulatory Dimensions as a Function of Affective Profile in High School Students.

The purpose of the present study was to examine high school adolescent pupils’ self-regulatory strategies in relation to psychological well-being and subjective well-being (i.e., temporal life satisfaction and affect) using the affective profiles model as the backdrop for the analysis. Participants were categorized into Self-fulfilling (high positive, low negative), High affective (high positive, high negative), Low affective (low positive, low negative) and Self-destructive (low positive, high negative) profiles according to their responses on the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule. The participants also self-reported self-regulation (“assessment” and “locomotion”), temporal life satisfaction (past, present and future) and psychological well-being (e.g. Self-acceptance, environmental mastery, personal growth). Self-fulfilling adolescents, in contrast to Self-destructive adolescents, expressed high levels of temporal life satisfaction and psychological well-being. The self-regulatory “locomotion” dimension was associated to high positive affect profiles, higher life satisfaction and psychological well-being whereas the self-regulatory “assessment” dimension was associated with high negative affect profiles, lesser life satisfaction and psychological well-being. Taken together, the well-being outcomes linked to the “locomotion” dimension seem to contribute to an upward ‘spiral of empowerment’, reinforcing approaching or agentic behavior; while the outcome linked to the “assessment” dimension appear to consist of a downward ‘spiral of disempowerment’ or inaction.
Safety, pharmacokinetics and resistant variants of telaprevir alone for 12 weeks in hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection

BACKGROUND
Telaprevir in combination with peginterferon and ribavirin is a promising advancement in chronic hepatitis C treatment. However, the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and antiviral profiles of telaprevir alone beyond 2 weeks have not been studied.


METHODS
In a phase 1b study in Japan, 10 treatment-naïve patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b with high viral load (>5 log(10) IU/mL) received telaprevir 750 mg every 8 h (q8h) for 12 weeks. We examined the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels and resistant variants of telaprevir.


RESULTS
Neither serious adverse events nor discontinuations of study drug owing to an adverse event occurred. The most common adverse drug reactions were rash (80%) and anaemia (70%). Telaprevir concentration reached its steady state within 2 days after the first administration without abnormal accumulation. Telaprevir alone provided potent antiviral activity: a median log(10) decrease of 2.325 at 16 h and 5.175 on Day 14. During the treatment, HCV RNA levels at the nadir were below the limit of the quantification in seven patients and undetectable in three of 10 patients. Viral breakthrough associated with mainly Ala(156) -substituted variants occurred in eight patients, and only one patient showed end-of-treatment response. The selected variants reverted to the wild-type during the 24-week follow-up period.


CONCLUSION
Telaprevir alone was well tolerated at 750 mg q8h for up to 12 weeks. The safety profile and emergence of resistant variants of genotype 1b under telaprevir monotherapy for 12 weeks will become increasingly important in evaluating an oral combination of telaprevir with other direct-acting antiviral agents.
Parameterized Property Testing of Functions

We investigate the parameters in terms of which the complexity of sublinear-time algorithms should be expressed. Our goal is to find input parameters that are tailored to the combinatorics of the specific problem being studied and design algorithms that run faster when these parameters are small. This direction enables us to surpass the (worst-case) lower bounds, expressed in terms of the input size, for several problems. Our aim is to develop a similar level of understanding of the complexity of sublinear-time algorithms to the one that was enabled by research in parameterized complexity for classical algorithms.
 Specifically, we focus on testing properties of functions. By parameterizing the query complexity in terms of the size r of the image of the input function, we obtain testers for monotonicity and convexity of functions of the form f:[n]→ R with query complexity O (log r), with no dependence on n. The result for monotonicity circumvents the Ω (log n) lower bound by Fischer (Inf. Comput. 2004) for this problem. We present several other parameterized testers, providing compelling evidence that expressing the query complexity of property testers in terms of the input size is not always the best choice.