LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Actin-Based Cell Motility and Cell Locomotion

they move. Deadhesion/tail retraction may limit moveIntroduction ment rate in such cells. In weakly adhesive, fast moving Most animal cell types possess the capacity to move cells such as amoebae and white blood cells, the tail is over or through a substrate, and cell locomotion plays more rounded and this step is more efficient. Adhesion a key role in bothnormal physiology and disease.Certain and its reversal are a major focus of the accompanying cell types are specialized for locomotion, e.g., neutroreview by Lauffenburger and Horwitz (1996 [this issue of phils and free living amoebae. In many tissue cells, the Cell]), and tail retraction has been discussed elsewhere capacity for locomotion is normally repressed, but can (Grebecki, 1994). In this review, we will focus on the be activated by wounding or oncogenic transformation. different structures and potential mechanisms of force The mechanism of amoeboid (or crawling, or gliding) generation for protrusion, other leading edge motility, cell motility has been the subject of scientific scrutiny and traction. We will then discuss the relative contribusince the advent of optical microscopy, and many modtion of each type of motile force to locomotion of the els have been discussed (for the most recent comprewhole cell. hensive review, see Grebecki, 1994). It is now widely
Brief Announcement: Byzantine-Tolerant Machine Learning

We report on Krum, the first provably Byzantine-tolerant aggregation rule for distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). Krum guarantees the convergence of SGD even in a distributed setting where (asymptotically) up to half of the workers can be malicious adversaries trying to attack the learning system.
Sensitivity and specificity of the Percentage of Consonants Correct-Revised in the identification of speech sound disorder.

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity, and to establish cutoff points for the severity index Percentage of Consonants Correct - Revised (PCC-R) in Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children with and without speech sound disorders.


Methods
72 children between 5:00 and 7:11 years old - 36 children without speech and language complaints and 36 children with speech sound disorders. The PCC-R was applied to the figure naming and word imitation tasks that are part of the ABFW Child Language Test. Results were statistically analyzed. The ROC curve was performed and sensitivity and specificity values ​​of the index were verified.


Results
The group of children without speech sound disorders presented greater PCC-R values in both tasks, regardless of the gender of the participants. The cutoff value observed for the picture naming task was 93.4%, with a sensitivity value of 0.89 and specificity of 0.94 (age independent). For the word imitation task, results were age-dependent: for age group ≤6:5 years old, the cutoff value was 91.0% (sensitivity of 0.77 and specificity of 0.94) and for age group >6:5 years-old, the cutoff value was 93.9% (sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.94).


Conclusion
Given the high sensitivity and specificity of PCC-R, we can conclude that the index was effective in discriminating and identifying children with and without speech sound disorders.
Multi-agent systems and IEC 61850

IEC 61850 is an approved international standard for substation communications that is becoming the foundation of a new generation of substation automation systems. At the same time multi-agent systems are being considered for many different utility applications. The paper presents and overview of the new IEC 61850 standard and some of its applications. It attempts to demonstrate the relationship between the concepts in the standard and how they can be used in different multi-agent systems for protection, control, monitoring and recording in substations. The substation configuration language is also analyzed as a tool that identifies the relationships between the different components in a multi-agent based substation automation system
An in-home geriatric programme for vulnerable community-dwelling older people improves the detection of dementia in primary care.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE
Dementia is under-diagnosed in primary care. This study investigated whether an in-home geriatric assessment and management programme could improve the identification of patients with dementia in primary care.


METHODS
A secondary analysis was performed, using data of a randomised controlled trial that studied the effects of an in-home geriatric evaluation and management programme compared with usual care. In this trial, 151 vulnerable community-dwelling patients, aged 70 years and older, participated: 86 in the intervention group and 66 in de control group. The effect of the programme on the dementia detection rate was determined by comparing the number of new dementia diagnoses in both study arms at 6 months follow-up.


RESULTS
Of all 151 participants, 38 (25%) had a registered dementia diagnosis at baseline. During follow-up, 23 of 113 patients without a registered dementia diagnosis at baseline were identified as suffering from dementia. The difference between the numbers of new dementia diagnoses in the intervention group (19 of 66 patients) and the control group (4 of 47 patients) was significant. (p = 0.02)


CONCLUSION
An in-home geriatric assessment and management programme for vulnerable older patients improves the detection of dementia and can therefore contribute to overcoming of under-diagnosis of dementia.
myOntology : The Marriage of Ontology Engineering and Collective Intelligence

Despite very active research on ontologies, only few useful ontologies can be found on the Web. The reasons for this are manifold, but a major obstacle is that ontology engineering environments impose high entrance barriers on users, and that the community does not have control over the ontology evolution. Wikis are a way to allow a wide range of users to contribute to Web representations without requiring more than basic Web editing skills. In the myOntology project, we propose the use of wiki technology in order to enable collaborative and community-driven ontology building by giving users with no or little expertise in ontology engineering the opportunity to contribute. In this paper, we describe the myOntology project in which the challenges of collaborative, community-driven, and wiki-based ontology engineering are investigated. Our approach combines the simplicity of wikis with intuitive visualization techniques and small yet efficient helper functionality plus consensus finding support exploiting the collective intelligence of a community.
HYBRID ( SOLAR AND WIND ) ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION

Hybrid power system can be used to reduce energy storage requirements. The influence of the Deficiency of Power Supply Probability (DPSP), Relative Excess Power Generated (REPG), Energy to Load Ratio (ELR), fraction of PV and wind energy, and coverage of PV and wind energy against the system size and performance were analyzed. The technical feasibility of PV-wind hybrid system in given range of load demand was evaluated. The methodology of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) for economic evaluation of stand-alone photovoltaic system, stand-alone wind system and PV-wind hybrid system have been developed and simulated using the model. The comparative cost analysis of grid line extension energy source with PV-wind hybrid system was studied in detail. The optimum combination of solar PV-wind hybrid system lies between 0.70 and 0.75 of solar energy to load ratio and the corresponding LCC is minimum. The PV-wind hybrid system returns the lowest unit cost values to maintain the same level of DPSP as compared to standalone solar and wind systems. For all load demands the levelised energy cost for PV-wind hybrid system is always lower than that of standalone solar PV or wind system. The PV-wind hybrid option is techno-economically viable for rural electrification.
A longitudinal study of ethanol and acetaldehyde in the exhaled breath of healthy volunteers using selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry.

Selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) has been used to monitor the volatile compounds in the exhaled breath of 30 volunteers (19 male, 11 female) over a 6-month period. Volunteers provided breath samples each week between 8:45 and 13:00 (before lunch), and the concentrations of several trace compounds were obtained. In this paper the focus is on ethanol and acetaldehyde, which were simultaneously quantified by SIFT-MS using H3O+ precursor ions. The mean ethanol level for all samples was 196 parts-per-billion (ppb) with a standard deviation of 244 ppb, and the range of values for breath samples analysed is 0 to 1663 ppb. The mean acetaldehyde level for all samples was 24 ppb with a standard deviation of 17 ppb, and the range of values for breath samples analysed is 0 to 104 ppb. Background (ambient air) levels of ethanol were around 50 ppb, whereas any background acetaldehyde was usually undetectable. Increased ethanol levels were observed if sweet drink/food had been consumed within the 2 h prior to providing the breath samples, but no increase was apparent when alcohol had been consumed the previous evening. The measured endogenous breath ethanol and acetaldehyde levels were not correlated. These data relating to healthy individuals are a prelude to using breath analysis for clinical diagnosis, for example, the recognition of bacterial overload in the gut (ethanol) or the possibly of detecting tumours in the body (acetaldehyde).
Chapter 2 Basic Principles , Mechanism , and Challenges of Photocatalysis

Photocatalyst is a gifted method which can be used for various purposes like degradation of various organic pollutants in wastewater, production of hydrogen, purification of air, and antibacterial activity. When compared with other methods, photocatalysis is rapidly growing and gaining more attention from the researchers due to its several advantages such as low cost and attractive efficiency. Photocatalysis is a unique process for rectifying energy and environmental issues. In this connection, this chapter deals with basic principles, classification, mechanism, limitations, and operating parameters of photocatalytic processes. Furthermore, the most efficient photocatalytic materials, its mechanism, its challenges, and their solution of rectification were discussed in detail.
Dynamic pricing when consumers are strategic: Analysis of posted and contingent pricing schemes

We study dynamic pricing policies for a monopolist selling perishable products over a finite time horizon to strategic buyers. Buyers are strategic in the sense that they anticipate the firm’s price policies. It is expensive and administratively difficult for most brick and mortar retailers to change prices, placing limits on the number of price changes and the types of pricing policies they can adopt. The simplest policy is to commit to a set of price changes. A more complex alternative is to let the price depend on sales history. We investigate two pricing schemes that we call posted and contingent pricing. Using the posted pricing scheme, the firm announces a set of prices at the beginning of the horizon. In the contingent pricing scheme, price evolution depends upon demand realization. Our focus is on the posted pricing scheme because of its ease of implementation. Counter to intuition, we find that neither a posted pricing scheme nor a contingent pricing scheme is dominant and the difference in expected revenues of these two schemes is small. Limiting the number of price changes will result in a decrease in expected revenues. We show that a multi-unit auction with a reservation price provides an upper bound for expected revenues for both pricing schemes. Numerical examples suggest that a posted pricing scheme with two or three price changes is enough to achieve revenues that are close to the upper bound. Dynamic pricing is only useful when strategic buyers perceive scarcity. We study the impact of scarcity and derive the optimal stocking levels for large markets. Finally, we investigate whether or not it is optimal for the seller to conceal inventory or sales information from buyers. A firm benefits if it does not reveal the number of units it has available for sale at the beginning of the season, or subsequently withholds information about the number of units sold. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
New neutrosophic approach to image segmentation

Article history: Received 28 April 2008 Received in revised form 8 September 2008 Accepted 5 October 2008
Registering prostate external beam radiotherapy with a boost from high-dose-rate brachytherapy: a comparative evaluation of deformable registration algorithms

BACKGROUND
Registering CTs for patients receiving external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with a boost dose from high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR) can be challenging due to considerable image discrepancies (e.g. rectal fillings, HDR needles, HDR artefacts and HDR rectal packing materials). This study is the first to comparatively evaluate image processing and registration methods used to register the rectums in EBRT and HDR CTs of prostate cancer patients. The focus is on the rectum due to planned future analysis of rectal dose-volume response.


METHODS
For 64 patients, the EBRT CT was retrospectively registered to the HDR CT with rigid registration and non-rigid registration methods in VelocityAI. Image processing was undertaken on the HDR CT and the rigidly-registered EBRT CT to reduce the impact of discriminating features on alternative non-rigid registration methods applied in the software suite for Deformable Image Registration and Adaptive Radiotherapy Research (DIRART) using the Horn-Schunck optical flow and Demons algorithms. The propagated EBRT-rectum structures were compared with the HDR structure using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff distance (HD) and average surface distance (ASD). The image similarity was compared using mutual information (MI) and root mean squared error (MSE). The displacement vector field was assessed via the Jacobian determinant (JAC). The post-registration alignments of rectums for 21 patients were visually assessed.


RESULTS
The greatest improvement in the median DSC relative to the rigid registration result was 35 % for the Horn-Schunck algorithm with image processing. This algorithm also provided the best ASD results. The VelocityAI algorithms provided superior HD, MI, MSE and JAC results. The visual assessment indicated that the rigid plus deformable multi-pass method within VelocityAI resulted in the best rectum alignment.


CONCLUSIONS
The DSC, ASD and HD improved significantly relative to the rigid registration result if image processing was applied prior to DIRART non-rigid registrations, whereas VelocityAI without image processing provided significant improvements. Reliance on a single rectum structure-correspondence metric would have been misleading as the metrics were inconsistent with one another and visual assessments. It was important to calculate metrics for a restricted region covering the organ of interest. Overall, VelocityAI generated the best registrations for the rectum according to the visual assessment, HD, MI, MSE and JAC results.
A First Course In Probability

Textbook: A First Course in Probability, ninth edition, by Sheldon Ross (Publisher: Prentice Hall). This text will be used to supplement the lectures and provide practice problems. I will try to post my lecture notes online for your reference as well. Additionally, I will assign problems out of the (free, online) text Introduction to Probability, Statistics and Random Processes, available at www.probabilitycourse.com.
99mTc(CO)3(NTA) and 131I-OIH: comparable plasma clearances in patients with chronic kidney disease.

UNLABELLED
The pharmacokinetics of the tricarbonyl core radiopharmaceutical (99m)Tc(CO)3-nitrilotriacetic acid ((99m)Tc(CO)3(NTA)) in rats and subjects with normal renal function are comparable to those of (131)I-o-iodohippuran ((131)I-OIH), the radiopharmaceutical gold standard for the measurement of effective renal plasma flow. Our objective was to compare the pharmacokinetics of these 2 tracers in subjects with renal failure.


METHODS
(99m)Tc(CO)3(NTA) was prepared with commercially available NTA and a commercially available labeling kit and isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Approximately 74 MBq (2.0 mCi) of (99m)Tc(CO)3(NTA) were coinjected with approximately 11.1 MBq (300 μCi) of (131)I-OIH in 8 subjects with stage 3-4 renal failure; simultaneous images were obtained for 24 min, followed by an anterior image over the gallbladder and abdomen. Plasma clearances were determined from 10 blood samples obtained 3-180 min after injection using the single-injection, 2-compartment model. Plasma protein binding, red cell uptake, and percentage injected dose in the urine at 30 and 180 min were determined.


RESULTS
There was no difference in the plasma clearances of (99m)Tc(CO)3(NTA) and (131)I-OIH (177 ± 63 vs. 171 ± 66 mL/min/1.73 m(2), respectively) (P = 0.41). The plasma protein binding and red cell uptake of (99m)Tc(CO)3(NTA) were 35% ± 7% and 6% ± 3%, respectively; both values were significantly lower than the plasma protein binding (71% ± 5%) and red cell uptake (16% ± 2%) of (131)I-OIH (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the percentage injected dose in the urine at 30 min (P = 0.24) and at 3 h (P = 0.82); for comparison, the percentage dose in the urine at 3 h was 77% ± 9% for (99m)Tc(CO)3(NTA) and 78% ± 11% for (131)I-OIH. Image quality with (99m)Tc(CO)3(NTA) was excellent and no activity was identified in the gallbladder or intestine.


CONCLUSION
Results in patients with renal failure show the clearance and rate of urine excretion of (99m)Tc(CO)3(NTA) to be equivalent to that of (131)I-OIH.
Clopidogrel Resistance is Associated with Long-Term Thrombotic Events in Patients Implanted with Drug-Eluting Stents

BACKGROUND
There are limited prospective data on clopidogrel resistance and clinical outcome of patients with selective coronary drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether clopidogrel resistance is associated with long-term thrombotic events in patients with selective coronary DES implantation.


METHODS
A total of 154 patients who underwent selective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with DES were enrolled in this study. Platelet aggregation was measured using light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) before clopidogrel administration (baseline) and 24 hours after loading with clopidogrel 300 mg. Clopidogrel resistance was defined as ≤10% absolute difference between baseline aggregation and post-administration aggregation. All patients who received the same anti-platelet treatment were followed up for 1 year after discharge for the incidence of a composite endpoint consisting of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI) and revascularization, and secondly for the incidence of stent thrombosis.


RESULTS
The incidence of clopidogrel resistance is 20.28% in our study population. Patients who are complicated by diabetes mellitus, smoke, or have a higher body mass index (BMI) tend to have clopidogrel resistance. Patients in the clopidogrel-resistant group have significantly higher incidences of composite endpoints (21.88% vs 4.92%; p = 0.006) and stent thrombosis (12.5% vs 1.64%; p = 0.017) than patients in the clopidogrel-response group during 1-year follow-up.


CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes, smoking, and high BMI are associated with clopidogrel resistance, and clopidogrel resistance indicates an increased risk of long-term thrombotic events in patients implanted with DES.
Radiation and mass transfer effects on unsteady MHD free convection flow of an incompressible viscous fluid past a moving vertical cylinder

The interaction of free convection with thermal radiation of a viscous incompressible unsteady MHD flow past a moving vertical cylinder with heat and mass transfer is analyzed. The fluid is a gray, absorbing-emitting but non-scattering medium and the Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The governing equations are solved using an implicit finite-difference scheme of Crank-Nicolson type. Numerical results for the transient velocity, the temperature, the concentration, the local as well as average skin-friction, the rate of heat and mass transfer for various parameters such as thermal Grashof number, mass Grashof number, magnetic parameter, radiation parameter and Schmidt number are shown graphically. It is observed that, when the radiation parameter increases the velocity and temperature decrease in the boundary layer. Also, it is found that as increase in the magnetic field leads to decrease in the velocity field and rise in the thermal boundary thickness.
Inhibition of cholesterol recycling impairs cellular PrPSc propagation

The infectious agent in prion diseases consists of an aberrantly folded isoform of the cellular prion protein (PrPc), termed PrPSc, which accumulates in brains of affected individuals. Studies on prion-infected cultured cells indicate that cellular cholesterol homeostasis influences PrPSc propagation. Here, we demonstrate that the cellular PrPSc content decreases upon accumulation of cholesterol in late endosomes, as induced by NPC-1 knock-down or treatment with U18666A. PrPc trafficking, lipid raft association, and membrane turnover are not significantly altered by such treatments. Cellular PrPSc formation is not impaired, suggesting that PrPSc degradation is increased by intracellular cholesterol accumulation. Interestingly, PrPSc propagation in U18666A-treated cells was partially restored by overexpression of rab 9, which causes redistribution of cholesterol and possibly of PrPSc to the trans-Golgi network. Surprisingly, rab 9 overexpression itself reduced cellular PrPSc content, indicating that PrPSc production is highly sensitive to alterations in dynamics of vesicle trafficking.
Analysis and Enhancement of Wikification for Microblogs with Context Expansion

Disambiguation to Wikipedia (D2W) is the task of linking mentions of concepts in text to their corresponding Wikipedia entries. Most previous work has focused on linking terms in formal texts (e.g. newswire) to Wikipedia. Linking terms in short informal texts (e.g. tweets) is difficult for systems and humans alike as they lack a rich disambiguation context. We first evaluate an existing Twitter dataset as well as the D2W task in general. We then test the effects of two tweet context expansion methods, based on tweet authorship and topic-based clustering, on a state-of-the-art D2W system and evaluate the results. TITLE AND ABSTRACT IN BASQUE Testuinguruaren Hedapenaren Analisia eta Hobekuntza Mikroblogak Wikifikatzeko Esanahia Wikipediarekiko Argitzea (D2W) deritzo testuetan aurkitutako kontzeptuen aipamenak Wikipedian dagozkien sarrerei lotzeari. Aurreko lan gehienek testu formalak (newswire, esate baterako) lotu dituzte Wikipediarekin. Testu informalak (tweet-ak, esate baterako) lotzea, ordea, zaila da bai sistementzat eta baita gizakiontzat ere, argipena erraztuko luketen testuingururik ez dutelako. Lehenik eta behin, Twitter-en gainean sortutako datu-sorta bat, eta D2W ataza bera ebaluatzen ditugu. Ondoren, egungo D2W sistema baten gainean testuingurua hedatzeko bi teknika aztertu eta ebaluatzen ditugu. Bi teknika hauek tweet-aren egilean eta gaikako multzokatze metodo batean oinarritzen dira.