LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The influence of socio-cultural interpretations of pregnancy threats on health-seeking behavior among pregnant women in urban Accra, Ghana

BACKGROUND
Although antenatal care coverage in Ghana is high, there exist gaps in the continued use of maternity care, especially utilization of skilled assistance during delivery. Many pregnant women seek care from different sources aside the formal health sector. This is due to negative perceptions resulting from poor service quality experiences in health facilities. Moreover, the socio-cultural environment plays a major role for this care-seeking behavior. This paper seeks to examine beliefs, knowledge and perceptions about pregnancy and delivery and care-seeking behavior among pregnant women in urban Accra, Ghana.


METHODS
A qualitative study with 6 focus group discussions and 13 in-depth interviews were conducted at Taifa-Kwabenya and Madina sub-districts, Accra. Participants included mothers who had delivered within the past 12 months, pregnant women, community members, religious and community leaders, orthodox and non-orthodox healthcare providers. Interviews and discussions were audio-taped, transcribed and coded into larger themes and categories.


RESULTS
Evidence showed perceived threats, which are often given socio-cultural interpretations, increased women's anxieties, driving them to seek multiple sources of care. Crucially, care-seeking behavior among pregnant women indicated sequential or concurrent use of biomedical care and other forms of care including herbalists, traditional birth attendants, and spiritual care. Use of multiple sources of care in some cases disrupted continued use of skilled provider care. Furthermore, use of multiple forms of care is encouraged by a perception that facility-based care is useful only for antenatal services and emergencies. It also highlights the belief among some participants that care from multiple sources are complementary to each other.


CONCLUSIONS
Socio-cultural interpretations of threats to pregnancy mediate pregnant women's use of available healthcare services. Efforts to encourage continued use of maternity care, especially skilled birth assistance at delivery, should focus on addressing generally perceived dangers to pregnancy. Also, the attractiveness of facility-based care offers important opportunities for building collaborations between orthodox and alternative care providers with the aim of increasing use of skilled obstetric care. Conventional antenatal care should be packaged to provide psychosocial support that helps women deal with pregnancy-related fear.
State of the Art Authentication , Access Control , and Secure Integration in Smart Grid

The smart grid (SG) is a promising platform for providing more reliable, efficient, and cost effective electricity to the consumers in a secure manner. Numerous initiatives across the globe are taken by both industry and academia in order to compile various security issues in the smart grid network. Unfortunately, there is no impactful survey paper available in the literature on authentications in the smart grid network. Therefore, this paper addresses the required objectives of an authentication protocol in the smart grid network along with the focus on mutual authentication, access control, and secure integration among different SG components. We review the existing authentication protocols, and analyze mutual authentication, privacy, trust, integrity, and confidentiality of communicating information in the smart grid network. We review authentications between the communicated entities in the smart grid, such as smart appliance, smart meter, energy provider, control center (CC), and home/building/neighborhood area network gateways (GW). We also review the existing authentication schemes for the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) communication network along with various available secure integration and access control schemes. We also discuss the importance of the mutual authentication among SG entities while providing confidentiality and privacy preservation, seamless integration, and required access control with lower overhead, cost, and delay. This paper will help to provide a better understanding of current authentication, authorization, and secure integration issues in the smart grid network and directions to create interest among researchers to further explore these promising areas. OPEN ACCESS Energies 2015, 8 11884
Political structures for multi-racial societies: basic concepts and considerations

Paper presented at the 50th Anniversary Conference of the South African Institute of Race Relations, 'Towards Racial Justice', July 2nd-5th, 1979
Design of concentric ring slot on bow-tie antenna with defected ground structure

In this paper, bow-tie antenna with defected ground structure (DGS) has presented. The radiating element is bow-tie antenna, two concentric ring slots are presented on it for producing the circular polarization (CP). Rectangular patch is loaded to bow-tie antenna for enhance the gain. On the ground plane four equal bow-tie slots are considered for enhancing the impedance bandwidth upto 10.3%. It is operated at 14.5 GHz frequency. The gain is 5.9 dB. The good agreement between the simulated and measured values is observed. These results are very useful for airborne and radar applications.
Junction detection in handwritten documents and its application to writer identification

In this paper, we propose a novel junction detection method in handwritten images, which uses the stroke-length distribution in every direction around a reference point inside the ink of texts. Our proposed junction detection method is simple and efficient, and yields a junction feature in a natural manner, which can be considered as a local descriptor. We apply our proposed junction detector to writer identification by Junclets which is a codebook-based representation trained from the detected junctions. A new challenging data set which contains multiple scripts (English and Chinese) written by the same writers is introduced to evaluate the performance of the proposed junctions for cross-script writer identification. Furthermore, two other common data sets are used to evaluate our junction-based descriptor. Experimental results show that our proposed junction detector is stable under rotation and scale changes, and the performance of writer identification indicates that junctions are important atomic elements to characterize the writing styles. The proposed junction detector is applicable to both historical documents and modern handwritings, and can be used as well for junction retrieval. & 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
IFLA Digital Reference Guidelines:An Introduction

The purpose of these guidelines is to promote digital reference best practices on an international basis. The online environment is uniquely suited to consortial models of work and to the development of shared resources. Libraries in different countries may have different traditions of public service, which both affect their current reference practices and their patrons' expectations. But it is also important to recognize that new technologies will enable librarians to redefine the scope of their public services. These guidelines attempt to create some common standards from diverse traditions in the hope that this will allow the worldwide community of librarians to freely explore the possibilities.
Survey on Deep Learning Techniques for Wireless Communications

A transmitter, channel, and receiver make up a typical wireless communication system. The channel model describes the underlying physical phenomenon and informs the design of the transmitter and receiver. Signaling schemes are devised according to system objectives, such as robustness to channel impairments, ease of implementation, and minimization of transmit power. Similarly, detection algorithms are designed to optimize system performance subject to chosen constraints. Most deployed wireless communication systems use electromagnetic signals at frequencies below 10GHz. In these systems, the channels conform to tractable mathematical models that describe electromagnetic propagation with reasonable accuracy. However, in other systems, the channels do not have easily-described channel models. In this category, we highlight two categories of channels: channels describing the propagation of mmWave electromagnetic signals, and unknown channel models describing the propagation of non-electromagnetic signals. The former category, mmWave channels, offer large amounts of bandwidth to support high data rates in next-generation systems. In this category, channel models might be known, but they are too complex and/or change too fast to estimate with reasonable accuracy. This estimation of channel state information (CSI) is essential for many current detection algorithms. The latter category includes molecular channels (i.e. channels over which molecular signals are sent) [1], which offer a means to communicate when electromagnetic propagation is impossible or impractical. In this category, channel models are unknown or difficult to derive, so traditional detection algorithms cannot be used. These considerations prompted researchers to turn to estimation tools from other fields to deduce the channel or circumvent its explicit deduction. Deep learning techniques have recently exhibited unprecedented success in classification problems for which no welldefined mathematical model exists [2]. For example, the mapping of pixels to object, or of spoken language to meaning. In this survey, we explore current research on deep-learning based channel estimation and detection. These topics are discussed in Sections III and IV respectively. We also overview other research in Section V, although we do not dive into detail. We aim to provide an overview of current methods being explored and to highlight promising areas of further exploration.
Fingerprint and Assistant Nodes Based Wi-Fi Localization in Complex Indoor Environment

With the extensive development of Wi-Fi, indoor location services based on received signal strength (RSS) fingerprints have attracted increasing attention from researchers. In complex indoor environments, multipath and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions would lead to large errors in measured values, thereby reducing indoor positioning accuracy. In this paper, we propose a Wi-Fi indoor localization method based on collaboration of fingerprint and assistant nodes. First, appropriate assistant nodes based on the similarity of RSS sequences are elaborately selected around the unknown node and distances between them are used as auxiliary information to improve the positioning accuracy. Furthermore, in the complex indoor circumstances that result in NLOS error, an adaptive Kalman filter with colored noise is used to mitigate the time-of-flight ranging error. Experiments demonstrate that in complex indoor environments, our system can outperform its counterparts with robust performance and low localization estimation error.
Twelve-month consumption of a polyphenol extract from olive (Olea europaea) in a double blind, randomized trial increases serum total osteocalcin levels and improves serum lipid profiles in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.

OBJECTIVES
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by impaired bone turnover and compromised bone strength, thereby predisposing to increased risk of fracture. Preclinical research has shown that compounds produced by the olive tree (Olea europaea), may protect from bone loss, by increasing osteoblast activity at the expense of adipocyte formation. The aim of this exploratory study was to obtain a first insight on the effect of intake of an olive extract on bone turnover in postmenopausal women with decreased bone mass (osteopenia).


DESIGN AND SETTING
For that, a double blind, placebo-controlled study was performed in which participants were randomly allocated to either treatment or placebo groups.


PARTICIPANTS
64 osteopenic patients, with a mean bone mineral density (BMD) T-score between -1.5 and -2.5 in the lumbar spine (L2-L4) were included in the study.


INTERVENTION AND MEASUREMENTS
PARTICIPANTS received for 12 months daily either 250 mg/day of olive extract and 1000 mg Ca (treatment) or 1000 mg Ca alone (placebo). Primary endpoints consisted of evaluation of bone turnover markers. Secondary endpoints included BMD measurements and blood lipid profiles.


RESULTS
After 12 months, the levels of the pro-osteoblastic marker osteocalcin were found to significantly increase in the treatment group as compared to placebo. Simultaneously, BMD decreased in the placebo group, while remaining stable in the treatment group. In addition, improved lipid profiles were observed, with significant decrease in total- and LDL-cholesterol in the treatment group.


CONCLUSION
This exploratory study supports preclinical observations and warrants further research by showing that a specific olive polyphenol extract (Bonolive®) affects serum osteocalcin levels and may stabilize lumbar spine BMD. Moreover, the improved blood lipid profiles suggest additional health benefits associated to the intake of the olive polyphenol extract.
Effects of supplementation of Farta sheep fed hay with sole or mixtures of noug seed meal and wheat bran on feed intake, digestibility and body weight change

Digestibility and feeding trials for 10 and 90 days were conducted using 25 yearling Farta rams with a mean body weight (BW) of 16.8 ± 0.17 kg (mean ± SD) to study the effects of supplementation with sole or mixtures of noug seed meal (NSM) and wheat bran (WB) on feed intake, digestibility and BW change in Farta sheep fed hay. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. The sheep were arranged in five blocks based on initial BW, and the five treatments were assigned randomly to each animal in a block. The five treatments comprised of ad libitum hay (control, T1) and ad libitum hay plus daily supplementation of 300 g dry matter (DM) sole WB (T2), 2WB:1NSM (T3), 1WB:2NSM (T4) and sole NSM (T5). Supplementation increased total DM (P < 0.01) and crude protein (CP) (P < 0.001) intake and promoted daily BW gain (P < 0.001). Non- supplemented sheep consumed more (P < 0.01) hay DM compared to the supplemented treatments, except T2. Among supplemented sheep, T5 had higher (P < 0.001) CP intake than the other treatments. Supplementation improved (P < 0.001) the digestibility of CP. Lack of statistical differences in daily BW gain between the different supplements used in this study suggests that sheep producers can use the different feed supplements considered in this study depending on their availability in the order of T4, T5, T3 and T2, respectively.
Naegleria fowleri in Well Water

Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 14, No. 9, September 2008 1499 Most of the patients whose cases were diagnosed in Buenos Aires, including 5 who required hospitalization, were referred to Muñiz Hospital. Built a century ago, Muñiz Hospital comprises a number of independent pavilions surrounded by a spacious garden, where mosquitoes thrive, especially in summer. Thus, vectorborne infection in this case might have occurred either in Muñiz Hospital, in the Federal District, or in the southern city suburb, where the patient lives and works. Until recently, dengue had not been suspected in patients with a fever living in the Buenos Aires area in the absence of a recent history of travel to an endemoepidemic area. Confi rmation of our case was evidence of local circulation of dengue virus. Thereafter, serum testing became recommended in Buenos Aires for acute febrile illness, among other dengue surveillance interventions in the area. More recently, epidemiologic surveillance of febrile illness has been strengthened countrywide upon the recent reporting of yellow fever cases in Argentina (8). No circulation of dengue virus was reported in Buenos Aires during the fi rst 10 epidemiologic weeks of 2008. However, vector control measures should be strengthened to minimize the risk of infective persons triggering an epidemic of dengue or other fl avivirus disease.
Turnover of human fat cells and their lipid content

Results Decreased turnover of fat cells and their lipid contents is associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and altered metabolic function of fat cells. Low fat cell turnover leads to adipose hypertrophy which is linked to insulin resistance in subcutaneous fat and to dyslipidemia in visceral fat. A transcription factor (EBF-1) regulates hyperplasia/hypertrophy in human adipose tissue and in animal models. Changes in adipose EBF-1 expression is linked to abnormal metabolic function of fat cells and to in vivo insulin resistance.
Gender identification using frontal facial images

Computer vision and pattern recognition systems play an important role in our lives by means of automated face detection, face and gesture recognition, and estimation of gender and age. This paper addresses the problem of gender classification using frontal facial images. We have developed gender classifiers with performance superior to existing gender classifiers. We experiment on 500 images (250 females and 250 males) randomly withdrawn from the FERET facial database. Independent component analysis (ICA) is used to represent each image as a feature vector in a low dimensional subspace. Different classifiers are studied in this lower dimensional space. Our experimental results show the superior performance of our approach to the existing gender classifiers. We get a 96% accuracy using support vector machine (SVM) in ICA space.
A feasibility study of weekly docetaxel with capecitabine in ovarian cancer: a promising combination of two active drugs with a potential for synergism.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of weekly docetaxel with capecitabine in patients with recurrent/persistent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Women treated for recurrent/persistent EOC in our department (January 2004 through December 2005) were recruited into this feasibility study. They received 35 mg/m(2) docetaxel on days 1 and 8 and 1,000 mg/m(2) capecitabine twice daily on days 1-14 in a 21-day cycle.


RESULTS
Nine patients were enrolled. The median age was 64 years (37-80). Time to progression ranged from 1.67 to 11.27 months: 1 had complete response, 3 had partial responses, 4 had stable disease and 1 had disease progression. There was no grade 3 or 4 bone marrow toxicity. Nonhematological toxicity included partial hair loss (n = 4), fatigue (n = 7), hand and foot syndrome (n = 2), diarrhea (n = 5) and fluid retention syndrome (n = 1).


CONCLUSION
There was good antitumor activity but frequent moderate-to-severe nonhematological toxicities when weekly docetaxel and capecitabine were used as second-line therapy for recurrent EOC. Further investigation of this combination is warranted.
Assessment of presence and grade of activity in ileal Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND/AIMS
To assess the sensitivity of magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) activity and correlation between endoscopic and MRE scores in predicting the activity grade.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-five ileal CD patients with clinical and biochemical evidence of activation underwent ileocolonoscopy and MRE within 7 days of their application. Simplified endoscopic scoring of CD (SES-CD) and MRE scores was done and compared with each other and other parameters of activation (CRP, leukocyte count, platelet count).


RESULTS
The sensitivity of MRE scoring was found to be 92%; however, the statistical correlation with SES-CD was not significant (p=0.83) for the grading of the activity.


CONCLUSION
MRE scoring is sensitive enough to use in CD activity evaluation; however, it can not be used alone, and it is rather a complementary technique to endoscopy and is especially valuable for patients with extraluminal disease.
Decompressive craniectomy in diffuse traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND
It is unclear whether decompressive craniectomy improves the functional outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and refractory raised intracranial pressure.


METHODS
From December 2002 through April 2010, we randomly assigned 155 adults with severe diffuse traumatic brain injury and intracranial hypertension that was refractory to first-tier therapies to undergo either bifrontotemporoparietal decompressive craniectomy or standard care. The original primary outcome was an unfavorable outcome (a composite of death, vegetative state, or severe disability), as evaluated on the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale 6 months after the injury. The final primary outcome was the score on the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months.


RESULTS
Patients in the craniectomy group, as compared with those in the standard-care group, had less time with intracranial pressures above the treatment threshold (P<0.001), fewer interventions for increased intracranial pressure (P<0.02 for all comparisons), and fewer days in the intensive care unit (ICU) (P<0.001). However, patients undergoing craniectomy had worse scores on the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale than those receiving standard care (odds ratio for a worse score in the craniectomy group, 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 3.24; P=0.03) and a greater risk of an unfavorable outcome (odds ratio, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.14 to 4.26; P=0.02). Rates of death at 6 months were similar in the craniectomy group (19%) and the standard-care group (18%).


CONCLUSIONS
In adults with severe diffuse traumatic brain injury and refractory intracranial hypertension, early bifrontotemporoparietal decompressive craniectomy decreased intracranial pressure and the length of stay in the ICU but was associated with more unfavorable outcomes. (Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and others; DECRA Australian Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN012605000009617.).
Populating a cluster of galaxies - I. Results at z=0

We simulate the assembly of a massive rich cluster and the formation of its constituent galaxies in a flat, low-density universe. Our most accurate model follows the collapse, the star-formation history and the orbital motion of all galaxies more luminous than the Fornax dwarf spheroidal, while dark halo structure is tracked consistently throughout the cluster for all galaxies more luminous than the SMC. Within its virial radius this model contains about 2 × 10 dark matter particles and almost 5000 distinct dynamically resolved galaxies. Simulations of this same cluster at a variety of resolutions allow us to check explicitly for numerical convergence both of the dark matter structures produced by our new parallel N-body and substructure identification codes, and of the galaxy populations produced by the phenomenological models we use to follow cooling, star formation, feedback and stellar aging. This baryonic modelling is tuned so that our simulations reproduce the observed properties of isolated spirals outside clusters. Without further parameter adjustment our simulations then produce a luminosity function, a mass-to-light ratio, luminosity, number and velocity dispersion profiles, and a morphology-radius relation which are similar to those observed in real clusters. In particular, since our simulations follow galaxy merging explicitly, we can demonstrate that it accounts quantitatively for the observed cluster population of bulges and elliptical galaxies.