LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
A cross sectional observational study to estimate herd level risk factors for Leptospira spp. serovars in small holder dairy cattle farms in southern Chile

BACKGROUND
The south of Chile constitutes the main cattle milk producing area of the country. Regarding leptospirosis control in Chile, there is neither an official program nor an epidemiological characterization of smallholder dairy farms. This study was carried out to determine Leptospira seroprevalence and to evaluate risk factors associated with seropositivity at herd level in smallholder bovine dairy herds in southern Chile.A cross-sectional study was conducted, and a convenient sample of 1,537 apparently healthy dairy cows was included in the study. Individual blood samples were taken and examined for six selected reference Leptospira serovars by the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT).


RESULTS
Of the included herds 75% (52/69) showed serological titers against one or more Leptospira serovar. Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo was the serovar most frequently (81%) reported from animals with positive results. The variables considered risk factors for Leptospira seropositivity were calve natural breeding system, using a specific calving area and vaccination against Leptospira. Adult cows in contact with calves weaned, proved to be a protective factor against infection.


CONCLUSIONS
Herds neglecting the management practices mentioned in this study could represent an important source of Leptospira infection for other herds in the same geographic area, as well as for other animal species.
Using Pedagogical Agents In a Multi-strategic Intelligent Tutoring System

acquiring and modeling knowledge in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) design is more complex than in most other knowledge based systems since ITS incorporate different kinds of expertise (knowledge on the subject matter, knowledge on the learner’s knowledge, pedagogical expertise, etc.) that evolve continuously. The pedagogical expertise, in particular, tends to be distributed among several components such as virtual learners and a tutor, which play different roles to enhance learning in collaborative mode. In addition, all these knowledge need to be improved in order to be adapted to the learner and the different learning situations. To foster such an improvement we introduced the principle of actor. An actor is a form of intelligent agent which is reactive, instructable, adaptive and cognitive. The property of instructability is particularly important since by allowing the instructional designer to feed the agent with new knowledge during its execution, it helps to solve the knowledge acquisition problem. This paper describes the use of actors for implementing pedagogical strategies and more generally for detecting which strategy is more suited to a given learner. Our approach leads to the definition of a multi-strategic ITS, based on pedagogical actors, that is able to switch among various strategies. In this framework we use pedagogical actors to model the expertise of the various pedagogical strategies. We illustrate the paper with an example drawn from a small ITS in the domain of radiology which has been implemented using an actor platform. keywords : pedagogical agents, actors, intelligent agents, multi-strategic intelligent tutoring systems, pedagogical strategies, knowledge acquisition.
Trans-Fistula Anorectoplasty (TFARP): Our Experience in the Management of Anorectovestibular Fistula in Neonates

AIM
The purpose of the study was to observe the outcome of trans-fistula anorectoplasty (TFARP) in treating female neonates with anorectovestibular fistula (ARVF).


METHODS
A prospective study was carried out on female neonates with vestibular fistula, admitted into the surgical department of a tertiary level children hospital during the period from January 2009 to June 2011. TFARP without a covering colostomy was performed for definitive correction in the neonatal period in all. Data regarding demographics, clinical presentation, associated anomalies, preoperative findings, preoperative preparations, operative technique, difficulties faced during surgery, duration of surgery, postoperative course including complications, hospital stay, bowel habits and continence was prospectively compiled and analyzed. Anorectal function was measured by the modified Wingspread scoring as, "excellent", "good", "fair" and "poor".


RESULTS
Thirty-nine neonates with vestibular fistula underwent single stage TFARP. Mean operation time was 81 minutes and mean hospital stay was 6 days. Three (7.7%) patients suffered vaginal tear during separation from the rectal wall. Two patients (5.1%) developed wound infection at neoanal site that resulted in anal stenosis. Eight (20.51%) children in the series are more than 3 years of age and are continent; all have attained "excellent" fecal continence score. None had constipation or soiling. Other 31 (79.5%) children less than 3 years of age have satisfactory anocutaneous reflex and anal grip on per rectal digital examination, though occasional soiling was observed in 4 patients.


CONCLUSION
Primary repair of ARVF in female neonates by TFARP without dividing the perineum is a feasible procedure with good cosmetic appearance and good anal continence. Separation of the rectum from the posterior wall of vagina is the most delicate step of the operation, takes place under direct vision. It is very important to keep the perineal body intact. With meticulous preoperative bowel preparation and post operative wound care and bowel management, single stage reconstruction is possible in neonates with satisfactory results.
Behavior therapy augments response of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder responding to drug treatment.

OBJECTIVE
In many patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), residual symptoms persist despite a clinically meaningful response. The objective of this study was to examine whether addition of behavior therapy would augment treatment outcome in these patients.


METHOD
Ninety-six patients with DSM-IV OCD who had responded to 3 months of drug treatment were randomly assigned to either receive addition of behavior therapy or continue on drug treatment alone for 6 months. Patients who continued on drug treatment alone eventually received addition of behavior therapy for 6 months. Data were gathered from October 1998 to June 2002.


RESULTS
OCD patients who received addition of behavior therapy showed a greater improvement in obsessive-compulsive symptoms (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale [Y-BOCS] score change = -3.9 in the completers sample) than those who continued on drug treatment alone (Y-BOCS score change = +3.9 for completers). Significantly more patients who received addition of behavior therapy were in remission compared with those who continued on drug treatment alone (p < .0001 for completers). Patients who received behavior therapy after 6 months of drug treatment alone showed a nonsignificant decline in obsessive-compulsive symptoms (Y-BOCS score change = -2.7 for completers); however, the remission rate found in this group was comparable to the remission rate found in the group of patients receiving addition of behavior therapy directly after responding to drug treatment.


CONCLUSION
The results indicate that addition of behavior therapy is beneficial for patients who have responded to drug treatment. The data also suggest that the effect is greater when behavior therapy is added immediately after attainment of the drug response.
Postural adjustments due to external perturbations during sitting in 1-month-old infants: evidence for the innate origin of direction specificity

The aim of the study was to examine whether infants, at an age when they have no or little experience in sitting, can produce direction specific postural adjustments, i.e. synergies of muscle activity on the ventral side of the body during backward sway and on the dorsal side during forward sway. In addition, we addressed the question whether postural adjustments at this young age are restricted to single muscle responses or consist of a variable repertoire of muscle activation patterns including one during which all direction specific muscles participate (‘complete’ pattern). Postural adjustments due to external perturbations in a sitting position were studied in eight healthy infants aged 1 month. Multiple surface EMGs of neck, trunk and leg muscles and kinematics were recorded while the infants were exposed to horizontal forward (Fw) and backward (Bw) displacements of the surface of support. Direction specific postural adjustments, defined as adjustments during which agonist activation or antagonist inhibition preceded antagonist activation, were present in 85% of Bw and 72% of Fw translations. The direction specific adjustments showed a large variability with the repertoire of adjustments including the activation of one, two or all of the recorded direction specific muscles. The finding of direction specific adjustments at 1 month of age support the opinion that the basic level of organisation of postural adjustments has an innate origin. The finding of a variable repertoire of muscle response patterns, including the ‘complete’ pattern, refutes the idea that the development of postural adjustments results from gradual addition of appropriate muscles to the synergies.
Sedimentology and Climatic Environment of Alluvial Fans in the Martian

The deflated surfaces of the alluvial fans in Saheki crater reveal the most detailed 28 record of fan stratigraphy and evolution found, to date, on Mars. During deposition of at least the 29 uppermost 100 m of fan deposits, discharges from the source basin consisted of channelized 30 flows transporting sediment (which we infer to be primarily sandand gravel-sized) as bedload 31 coupled with extensive overbank mud-rich flows depositing planar beds of sand-sized or finer 32 sediment. Flow events are inferred to have been of modest magnitude (probably less than ~60 33 m 3 /s), of short duration, and probably occupied only a few distributaries during any individual 34 flow event. Occasional channel avulsions resulted in the distribution of sediment across the 35 entire fan. A comparison with fine-grained alluvial fans in Chile’s Atacama Desert provides 36 insights into the processes responsible for constructing the Saheki crater fans: sediment is 37 deposited by channelized flows (transporting sand through boulder-sized material) and overbank 38 mudflows (sand size and finer) and wind erosion leaves channels expressed in inverted 39 topographic relief. The most likely source of water was snowmelt released after annual or 40 epochal accumulation of snow in the headwater source basin on the interior crater rim during the 41 Hesperian to Amazonian periods. We infer the Saheki fans to have been constructed by many 42 hundreds of separate flow events, and accumulation of the necessary snow and release of 43 meltwater may have required favorable orbital configurations or transient global warming. 44
Graph based Recommendation System in Social Networks

Media content recommendation is a popular trend now days. Twitter, Facebook, and Google+ are very popular in the world. The growth of social networks has made recommendation systems one of the intensively studied research area in the last decades. Recommendation systems can be based on content filtering, collaborative filtering or both. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for media content recommendation based on collaborative filtering. Firstly the user-user social network is created using most prominent neighbor set of each user by utilizing their preference information. Then these users are clustered using their neighbor sets and the user with maximum neighbor count is chosen as cluster head. When new user searches for its cluster its similarity is calculated with all the cluster heads. The user gets recommendation based on the average ratings of his cluster members. The proposed approach is tested on the users of Movielens Dataset. The proposed approach gives a hit ratio of 89.33%, Mean Absolute Error as 0.4756 and Root Mean Square Error as 0.7671 on Movielens dataset.
Political Asylum : Editorial Cartoons by Draper Hill

Silverstein outlines the history of graphic political satire and the life and work of political cartoonist Draper Hill. Biographical notes. Circa 19 bibl. ref.
Model Predictive Control of a Nonlinear Large-Scale Process Network Used in the Production of Vinyl Acetate

In this work, we focus on the development and application of two Lyapunov-based model predictive control (LMPC) schemes to a large-scale nonlinear chemical process network used in the production of vinyl acetate. The nonlinear dynamic model of the process consists of 179 state variables and 13 control (manipulated) inputs and features a cooled plug-flow reactor, an eight-stage gas−liquid absorber, and both gas and liquid recycle streams. The two control schemes considered are an LMPC scheme which is formulated with a convectional quadratic cost function and a Lyapunov-based economic model predictive control (LEMPC) scheme which is formulated with an economic (nonquadratic) cost measure. The economic cost measure for the entire process network accounts for the reaction selectivity and the product separation quality. In the LMPC and LEMPC control schemes, five inputs, directly affecting the economic cost, are regulated with LMPC/LEMPC and the remaining eight inputs are computed by proportional−integral controllers. Simulations are carried out to study the economic performance of the closed-loop system under LMPC and under LEMPC formulated with the proposed economic measure. A thorough comparison of the two control schemes is provided. ■ INTRODUCTION Vinyl acetate is mostly used in manufacturing polyvinyl acetate and other vinyl acetate copolymers. Polyvinyl acetate is the fundamental ingredient for polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate resins. Three raw materials, ethylene (C2H4), oxygen (O2), acetic acid (HAc), react to form the desired product vinyl acetate (VAc) as well as two byproducts: carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). An inert component, ethane (C2H6), enters the process with the ethylene feed stream. The exothermic and irreversible gas phase chemical reactions are
Quantum gates on hybrid qudits

We introduce quantum hybrid gates that act on qudits of different dimensions. In particular, we develop two representative two-qudit hybrid gates (SUM and SWAP) and many-qudit hybrid Toffoli and Fredkin gates. We apply the hybrid SUM gate to generating entanglement, and find that operator entanglement of the SUM gate is equal to the entanglement generated by it for certain initial states. We also show that the hybrid SUM gate acts as an automorphism on the Pauli group for two qudits of different dimensions under certain conditions. Finally, we describe a physical realization of these hybrid gates for spin systems. PACS numbers: 03.67.Mn, 03.65.Ud, 03.67.Lx
Multinomial Adversarial Networks for Multi-Domain Text Classification

Figure 1: MAN for MDTC. The figure demonstrates the training on a mini-batch of data from one domain. One training iteration consists of one such mini-batch training from each domain. The parameters of Fs, Fd, C are updated together, and the training flows are illustrated by the green arrows. The parameters of D are updated separately, shown in red arrows. Solid lines indicate forward passes while dotted lines are backward passes. JD Fs is the domain loss for Fs, which is anticorrelated with JD (e.g. JD Fs = JD). (See §2,§3)
Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia outcomes in women after primary breast cancer treatment: a randomized, controlled trial.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To examine the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) on sleep improvement, daytime symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer survivors (BCSs) after cancer treatment.


DESIGN
A prospective, longitudinal, randomized, controlled trial.


SETTING
Oncology clinics, breast cancer support groups, and communities in Colorado.


SAMPLE
56 middle-aged BCSs with chronic insomnia.


METHODS
Women were randomly assigned to CBTI or behavioral placebo treatment (BPT) and completed measures of sleep, QOL, functioning, fatigue, and mood at baseline, postintervention, and at three- and six-month follow-ups.


MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES
Sleep outcomes (e.g., sleep efficiency, sleep latency, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, number of nightly awakenings); secondary variables included sleep medication use, insomnia severity, QOL, physical function, cognitive function, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and sleep attitudes or knowledge.


FINDINGS
Sleep efficiency and latency improved more in the CBTI group than the BPT group; this difference was maintained during follow-up. Women in the CBTI group had less subjective insomnia, greater improvements in physical and cognitive functioning, positive sleep attitudes, and increased sleep hygiene knowledge. No group differences in improvement were noted relative to QOL, fatigue, or mood.


CONCLUSIONS
Nurse-delivered CBTI appears to be beneficial for BCSs' sleep latency/efficiency, insomnia severity, functioning, sleep knowledge, and attitudes more than active placebo, with sustained benefit over time.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
Oncology nurses are in a unique position to identify insomnia in cancer survivors. When sleep disturbances become chronic, nurses need to make recommendations and referrals.
Cloud Forensic Technical Challenges and Solutions: A Snapshot

As cloud computing becomes more prevalent, there is a growing need for forensic investigations involving cloud technologies. The field of cloud forensics seeks to address the challenges to digital forensics presented by cloud technologies. This article reviews current research in the field of cloud forensics, with a focus on "forensics in the cloud"- that is, cloud computing as an evidence source for forensic investigations.
Visual cerebral microbleed detection on 7T MR imaging: reliability and effects of image processing.

SUMMARY
MR imaging at 7T has a high sensitivity for cerebral microbleed detection. We identified mIP processing conditions with an optimal balance between the number of visually detected microbleeds and the number of sections on 7T MR imaging. Even with optimal mIP processing, the limited size of some of the microbleeds and the susceptibility effects of other adjacent structures were a challenge for visual detection, which led to a modest inter-rater agreement, mainly due to missed microbleeds. Automated lesion-detection techniques may be required to optimally benefit from the increased spatial resolution offered by 7T MR imaging.
Tracking control based on neural network strategy for robot manipulator

This study presents a sliding-mode neural-network (SMNN) control system for the tracking control of an n rigid-link robot manipulator to achieve high-precision position control. The aim of this study is to overcome some of the shortcomings of conventional robust controllers such as a model-based adaptive controller requires the system dynamics in detail; the fuzzy rule learning scheme has a latent stability problem; an adaptive control scheme for robot manipulator via fuzzy compensator requires strict constrained conditions and prior system knowledge. In the SMNN control system, a neural network controller is developed to mimic an equivalent control law in the sliding-mode control, and a robust controller is designed to curb the system dynamics on the sliding surface for guaranteeing the asymptotic stability property. Moreover, an adaptive bound estimation algorithm is employed to estimate the upper bound of uncertainties. All adaptive learning algorithms in the SMNN control system are derived from the sense of Lyapunov stability analysis, so that system-tracking stability can be guaranteed in the closed-loop system whether the uncertainties occur or not. Computer simulations of a two-link robot manipulator verify the validity of the proposed control strategy in the possible presence of uncertainties and di4erent trajectories. The proposed SMNN control scheme possesses two salient merits: (1) it guarantees the stability of the controlled system, and (2) no constrained conditions and prior knowledge of the controlled plant is required in the design process. This new intelligent methodology provides the designer with an alternative choice to control an n rigid-link robot manipulator. c © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Surgery and postoperative recurrence in children with Crohn disease.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to describe surgery rates, complications, and risk of disease recurrence after surgery in paediatric Crohn disease (CD).


METHODS
Children <18 years with a diagnosis of CD and a least 1 intestinal resection from the period January 1, 1978 to December 31, 2007 were identified using the Danish National Patient Registry. Patient charts were used to extract data.


RESULTS
A total of 115 of 422 children with CD, who had surgery in 2 referral centres, were further studied. Disease extension according to the Montreal classification at the time of operation was available in 106/115 patients: B1, 39/106 (37%); B2, 59/106 (56%); and B3, 8/106 (7%). Before/after surgery 89%/36% of the patients received corticosteroids, 26%/61% azathioprine, and 15%/34% infliximab. Ileocoecal resection was performed in 54 (47%); 17 (15%) underwent ileal resection, 21 (18%) colectomy, 13 (11%) hemicolectomy, and 10 (9%) a combined colonic and ileal resection. Median time from diagnosis to surgery was 23 months (range 0-147). The median follow-up time after surgery was 121 months (16-226), and median time to disease recurrence was 12 months (3-160). The cumulative clinical recurrence rates at 1, 5, and 10 years were 50%, 73%, and 77%, respectively. More than 1 bowel resection was needed in 39%. Postoperative azathioprine treatment did not affect rate of recurrence after surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
In this large cohort of children with CD studied for >10 years postoperatively, we found a high postoperative recurrence rate of disease and a frequent need for >1 intestinal resection.
Differences in immunoreactive trypsin values between type of feeding and ethnicity in neonatal cystic fibrosis screening: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND
We studied the differences in immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) in neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) associated individually with the age of the newborn, ethnicity and environmental temperature. In this study, we determine the overall influence of environmental temperature at birth, gender, feeding, gestational age, maternal age and ethnic origin on an abnormal IRT result.


METHODS
Cross-sectional observational study. A sample was selected of newborns from Alicante (Spain) who underwent neonatal CF screening in 2012-2013. Primary variable: abnormal IRT levels (≥65 ng/ml). Secondary variables: gender, maternal origin, maternal age (years) (<20, 20-40, >40), gestational age (weeks) (<32, 32-37, >37), type of feeding (natural, formula, mixed and special nutrition), >20 days from birth to blood collection, and average temperature during the month of birth (in°C). Using a multivariate logistic regression model the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated to analyze the association between atypical IRT levels and the study variables. The α error was 5% and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the most relevant parameters.


RESULTS
Of a total of 13,310 samples, 199 were abnormal (1.34%). Significant associated factors: feeding method (natural → OR = 1; mixed → OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.31-0.89; formula → OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.48-1.07; special → OR = 21.88, 95% CI: 6.92-69.14; p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Newborns receiving special nutrition have a 20-fold higher risk for abnormal IRT levels, and screening is advisable once normalized feeding is initiated. It is advisable to consider ethnic variability. Seasonality was not important.