LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Fatigue, sleep-wake disturbances, and quality of life in adolescents receiving chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND
Adolescents with cancer experience distressing physical and psychosocial symptoms, especially during treatment. Fatigue and sleep disturbances commonly affect adolescents' quality of life, but little is known about how adolescents experience these symptoms during an early month of chemotherapy. This study measured fatigue, sleep disturbances, and quality of life in 20 adolescents over 1 month while they were receiving chemotherapy.


METHODS
Multidimensional fatigue and quality of life were measured weekly with modules from the PedsQL Measurement Model, and sleep disturbances were measured with the General Sleep Disturbance Scale.


RESULTS
Adolescents experienced increased severity of fatigue and sleep disturbances during the week after treatment. Common sleep-wake problems included daytime sleepiness, decreased alertness, and poor sleep quality. Fatigue and sleep-wake disturbances were related symptoms, and both symptoms were associated with various domains of quality of life.


CONCLUSIONS
Fatigue and sleep-wake disturbances are significant problems for adolescents receiving chemotherapy and negatively affect the quality of life. Clinicians should routinely screen adolescent patients for fatigue and sleep disturbances and intervene to minimize their impact using pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies.
Assessing the effectiveness of enhanced psychological care for patients with depressive symptoms attending cardiac rehabilitation compared with treatment as usual (CADENCE): study protocol for a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Around 17% of people eligible for UK cardiac rehabilitation programmes following an acute coronary syndrome report moderate or severe depressive symptoms. While maximising psychological health is a core goal of cardiac rehabilitation, psychological care can be fragmented and patchy. This study tests the feasibility and acceptability of embedding enhanced psychological care, composed of two management strategies of proven effectiveness in other settings (nurse-led mental health care coordination and behavioural activation), within the cardiac rehabilitation care pathway.


METHODS/DESIGN
This study tests the uncertainties associated with a large-scale evaluation by conducting an external pilot trial with a nested qualitative study. We aim to recruit and randomise eight comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation teams (clusters) to intervention (embedding enhanced psychological care into routine cardiac rehabilitation programmes) or control (routine cardiac rehabilitation programmes alone) arms. Up to 64 patients (eight per team) identified with depressive symptoms upon initial assessment by the cardiac rehabilitation team will be recruited, and study measures will be administered at baseline (before starting rehabilitation) and at 5 months and 8 months post baseline. Outcomes include depressive symptoms, cardiac mortality and morbidity, anxiety, health-related quality of life and service resource use. Trial data on cardiac team and patient recruitment, and the retention and flow of patients through treatment will be used to assess intervention feasibility and acceptability. Qualitative interviews will be undertaken to explore trial participants' and cardiac rehabilitation nurses' views and experiences of the trial methods and intervention, and to identify reasons why patients declined to take part in the trial. Outcome data will inform a sample size calculation for a definitive trial.


DISCUSSION
The pilot trial and qualitative study will inform the design of a fully powered cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the provision of enhanced psychological care within cardiac rehabilitation programmes.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ISRCTN34701576 (Registered 29 May 2014).
Neural Markers of Opposite-Sex Bias in Face Processing

Some behavioral and neuroimaging studies suggest that adults prefer to view attractive faces of the opposite sex more than attractive faces of the same sex. However, unlike the other-race face effect (Caldara et al., 2004), little is known regarding the existence of an opposite-/same-sex bias in face processing. In this study, the faces of 130 attractive male and female adults were foveally presented to 40 heterosexual university students (20 men and 20 women) who were engaged in a secondary perceptual task (landscape detection). The automatic processing of face gender was investigated by recording ERPs from 128 scalp sites. Neural markers of opposite- vs. same-sex bias in face processing included larger and earlier centro-parietal N400s in response to faces of the opposite sex and a larger late positivity (LP) to same-sex faces. Analysis of intra-cortical neural generators (swLORETA) showed that facial processing-related (FG, BA37, BA20/21) and emotion-related brain areas (the right parahippocampal gyrus, BA35; uncus, BA36/38; and the cingulate gyrus, BA24) had higher activations in response to opposite- than same-sex faces. The results of this analysis, along with data obtained from ERP recordings, support the hypothesis that both genders process opposite-sex faces differently than same-sex faces. The data also suggest a hemispheric asymmetry in the processing of opposite-/same-sex faces, with the right hemisphere involved in processing same-sex faces and the left hemisphere involved in processing faces of the opposite sex. The data support previous literature suggesting a right lateralization for the representation of self-image and body awareness.
Hemodynamic and neuroendocrine effects for candoxatril and frusemide in mild stable chronic heart failure.

OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to assess the hemodynamic and neuroendocrine effects of candoxatril and frusemide compared with placebo in patients with mild chronic heart failure.


BACKGROUND
Candoxatril is an atriopeptidase inhibitor. It increases circulating levels of atrial natriuretic peptide leading to natriuresis and diuresis, which alleviate the symptoms of a failing heart.


METHODS
This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study. Forty-seven patients with mild stable chronic heart failure received candoxatril 400 mg/day, frusemide 40 mg/day or placebo for up to six weeks. Cardiac indices were determined at rest and during exercise, and blood samples were taken for laboratory analysis. Assessments were performed at baseline (day 0) and after six weeks (day 42).


RESULTS
In comparison with placebo, both drugs significantly reduced mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure following the first dose administration. Only candoxatril significantly reduced pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during exercise on day 0, while both drugs significantly reduced this parameter on day 42. Changes in the remaining hemodynamic parameters were comparable for both drugs relative to placebo. Frusemide significantly increased mean plasma renin activity (days 0 and 42), and the mean aldosterone concentration (day 42) in comparison with placebo, whereas candoxatril caused no significant changes in any of the hormonal parameters assessed.


CONCLUSIONS
These results show that candoxatril, 400 mg/day, has a similar hemodynamic profile to frusemide, 40 mg/day, but it does not induce adverse neuroendocrine effects. Candoxatril therefore appears to offer a clinically significant advantage over frusemide, providing an alternative therapeutic approach to the treatment of patients with mild stable chronic heart failure.
Quality of Life (QoL) in Patients With Benign Thyroid Goiters (Pre- and Post-Thyroidectomy): A Prospective Study

Preservation of quality of life (QoL) seems an important therapeutic goal in patients with benign thyroid diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of thyroidectomy on QoL in patients with benign goiters and to assess the significance of various factors affecting the outcome. A prospective study consisting of 100 patients with benign goiters was conducted between November 2009 and March 2011. Patients completed a disease-specific ThyPRO questionnaire to assess QoL before and 6 months after thyroidectomy. Preoperative and postoperative scores were compared; and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Mean age of the patients was 40.5 years (M:F = 1:4.3); 82 % of the patients had nodular goiters, and the remaining 18 % had diffuse disease. None of the patients had overt thyroid dysfunction at the time they completed the questionnaire. Operative treatment for 54 % of the patients involved total thyroidectomy, whereas 46 % underwent hemithyroidectomy. None of these patients developed any permanent morbidity following surgery. Mean scores of QoL in the 12 domains examined were low and improved significantly (p < 0.001) after surgery: symptoms, 19.4 versus 0.7; fatigue, 29.5 versus 1.5; vitality, 44.4 versus 3.0; memory and concentration, 25.7 versus 1.5; nervousness, 29.6 versus 1.8; psychological well-being, 33.9 versus 1.3; mood swings, 34.9 versus 0.8; relationship, 15.4 versus 1.4; daily activity, 18.7 versus 1.3; sex life, 20.9 versus 1.7; appearance, 14.7 versus 1.0; and overall, 27 versus 5.5. On univariate analysis, weight of goiter was found to be significantly associated with improvement in the scores of the memory and concentration domain (p = 0.03). On multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with improvement in different domains were young age (nervousness, p = 0.009), female gender (fatigue, p = 0.02), and weight of goiter (symptoms, p = <0.001; vitality, p = <0.001; and memory and concentration, p = <0.001). Patients with benign goiters experience significant improvement in QoL after thyroidectomy.
Comparison of direct and PWM model predictive control for power electronic and drive systems

In this paper, we compare the performance of the different Model Predictive Control (MPC) approaches for power electronic and drive systems: Finite Control Set (FCS) MPC directly applies the voltage vectors and Continuous Control Set (CCS) MPC uses voltage modulation (PWM, SVM). A unified system formulation is proposed to design both FCS-MPC and CCS-MPC for three-phase resistive-inductive loads with an internal voltage source. The controllers are implemented with the explicit MPC technique and they are evaluated with a permanent-magnet-synchronous-machine drive system. The steady-state performance is assessed in terms of current quality and switching frequency and the dynamic performance is evaluated estimating the control bandwidth. Although CCS-MPC and FCS-MPC have different characteristics (harmonic spectrum, constant or variable switching frequency, THD, etc.), they achieve similar performance. However, CCS-MPC can work with larger sampling-times, i.e. it has lower requirements on the control architecture. This makes it more versatile for application on different systems and power levels.
Treating pediatric psychogenic dizziness with a Japanese herbal medicine.

OBJECTIVE
No conventional pharmacotherapy is available for the treatment of psychogenic dizziness in pediatric patients. Adults with psychogenic dizziness are treated with psychiatric medicines as the standard treatment. In children, this treatment is not widely accepted because of the potential for adverse reactions. Instead, Kampo, an alternative medicine, is probably the best choice of treatment.


DESIGN
We report herein three of four cases of pediatric psychogenic dizziness successfully treated with Yoku-kan-san-ka-chimpi-hange (YKCH), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine known to ameliorate psychiatric symptoms.


SUBJECTS
YKCH was prescribed to four patients (two boys and two girls) with psychiatric dizziness whose ages ranged from 11 to 15 years. Four weeks after the initiation of treatment, clinical improvement was assessed by the Clinical Global impression-Improvement scale.


RESULTS
In three of the four patients, the drug showed some significant effects. The remaining patient could not continue the medication. It is reasonable to assume that YKCH was effective because of its serotonergic mechanism and the improvement of sleep in our patients.


CONCLUSIONS
This report is the first to describe the beneficial effects of YKCH in the treatment of pediatric psychogenic dizziness. We conclude that administration of YKCH may be a suitable complementary therapy for pediatric psychogenic dizziness.
Cocaine use in Europe - a multi-centre study: patterns of use in different groups.

AIM
The study investigates patterns of cocaine powder and crack cocaine use of different groups in nine European cities.


DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS
Multi-centre cross-sectional study conducted in Barcelona, Budapest, Dublin, Hamburg, London, Paris, Rome, Vienna, and Zurich. Data were collected by structured face-to-face interviews. The sample comprises 1,855 cocaine users out of three subgroups: 632 cocaine users in addiction treatment, mainly maintenance treatment; 615 socially marginalized cocaine users not in treatment, and 608 socially integrated cocaine users not in treatment.


MEASUREMENTS
Use of cocaine powder, crack cocaine and other substances in the last 30 days, routes of administration, and lifetime use of cocaine powder and crack cocaine.


FINDINGS
The marginalized group showed the highest intensity of cocaine use, the highest intensity of heroin use and of multiple substance use. 95% of the integrated group snorted cocaine powder, while in the two other groups, injecting was quite prevalent, but with huge differences between the cities. 96% of all participants had used at least one other substance in addition to cocaine in the last 30 days.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of cocaine powder and crack cocaine varies widely between different groups and between cities. Nonetheless, multiple substance use is the predominating pattern of cocaine use, and the different routes of administration have to be taken into account.
Is that social bot behaving unethically?

A procedure for reflection and discourse on the behavior of bots in the context of law, deception, and societal norms.
Ants, Cataglyphis cursor, Use Precisely Directed Rescue Behavior to Free Entrapped Relatives

Although helping behavior is ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom, actual rescue activity is particularly rare. Nonetheless, here we report the first experimental evidence that ants, Cataglyphis cursor, use precisely directed rescue behavior to free entrapped victims; equally important, they carefully discriminate between individuals in distress, offering aid only to nestmates. Our experiments simulate a natural situation, which we often observed in the field when collecting Catagyphis ants, causing sand to collapse in the process. Using a novel experimental technique that binds victims experimentally, we observed the behavior of separate, randomly chosen groups of 5 C. cursor nestmates under one of six conditions. In five of these conditions, a test stimulus (the "victim") was ensnared with nylon thread and held partially beneath the sand. The test stimulus was either (1) an individual from the same colony; (2) an individual from a different colony of C cursor; (3) an ant from a different ant species; (4) a common prey item; or, (5) a motionless (chilled) nestmate. In the final condition, the test stimulus (6) consisted of the empty snare apparatus. Our results demonstrate that ants are able to recognize what, exactly, holds their relative in place and direct their behavior to that object, the snare, in particular. They begin by excavating sand, which exposes the nylon snare, transporting sand away from it, and then biting at the snare itself. Snare biting, a behavior never before reported in the literature, demonstrates that rescue behavior is far more sophisticated, exact and complexly organized than the simple forms of helping behavior already known, namely limb pulling and sand digging. That is, limb pulling and sand digging could be released directly by a chemical call for help and thus result from a very simple mechanism. However, it's difficult to see how this same releasing mechanism could guide rescuers to the precise location of the nylon thread, and enable them to target their bites to the thread itself.
KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF A NOVEL RIMLESS WHEEL WITH INDEPENDENTLY ACTUATED SPOKES

One of the major limitations of mobile robots for unstructured environments is their lack of general mobility. Wheeled, treaded, and legged robots each have their advantages and disadvantages, but they all lack the flexibility to be able to cope with a wide range of terrain. The actuated spoke wheel concept is presented in this paper as an alternative locomotive method that allows multiple modes of motion, which give it the ability to stride quickly using one contact point per wheel, walk with static stability with two contact points per wheel, or assume a stable stance using three contact points per wheel. This paper presents the preliminary kinematic analyses of the actuated spoke wheel with no-slip constraints at the ground contacts for a robot using a two actuated spoke wheel configuration. Straight-line motion and considerations for turning are discussed for the oneand two-point contact schemes followed by recommendations for future study. INTRODUCTION Robot mobility is an area in need of much improvement, as today’s robots are often limited by their lack of general mobility in unstructured environments [1]. Specialized robots have been designed for limited and specific tasks, but their mobility is not yet robust enough to handle varying terrain. Wheeled robots often have high efficiency and speed, but tend to be limited to relatively smooth terrain. Legged robots are adaptable and have good mobility on rough terrain; however, the main disadvantage ∗Address all correspondence to this author. 1 ded From: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 05/02/2015 T Figure 1. CONCEPTUAL SKETCH OF THE IMPASS-BASED ROBOT WITH FOUR ACTUATED SPOKE WHEELS of legged mobile robots is that the complexity of the leg usually necessitates a slow and inefficient mechanism [2]. The locomotive limitations of these two main types of mobile robots are currently countered in research by developing hybrid robots that add mechanisms to wheeled vehicles to give them improved mobility, such as the robot, Shrimp, developed by EPFL [3]. This robot has six motorized wheels and uses a combination of actuation and passive mechanisms to raise and lower its wheels to climb objects up to twice the wheel diameter. Improvements to legged mobile robots look to improve the efficiency of the legged design, such as RHex, developed in part Copyright © 2005 by ASME erms of Use: http://asme.org/terms Do Figure 2. THE COORDINATE SYSTEM FOR THE PLANAR ACTUATED
The impact of market maker competition on market quality: evidence from an options exchange

This paper examines the dynamic relationship between competition, liquidity provision, and market structure. By examining the entry and exit of market makers in the Australian Options market, this study empirically analyses the issue of market maker competition. Results indicate that market maker entry is dependent on a broad range of profit, risk and market concentration characteristics, but free market maker movement does not explicitly result in a competitive market structure. This study also finds that the degree of market concentration additionally affects the marginal impact of market maker entry (exit), but the effect is significantly more pronounced for the most liquid classes of options. The implication of this finding is pertinent to market regulators since market maker competition may not necessarily contribute to enhancing market quality for less liquid securities. * Corresponding Author: Finance Discipline, Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Sydney, 2006, Australia: Tel (+612) 9227 0895; Fax (+612) 9351 6461; Email: a.lepone@econ.usyd.edu.au. This research was funded by the Sydney Futures Exchange under Corporations Regulation 7.5.88(2). The authors thank the Securities Industry Research Centre of AsiaPacific (SIRCA) for the provision of data.
Polysorbates, peroxides, protein aggregation, and immuno- genicity - a growing concern.

Aggregation can have a number of deleterious effects on biotherapeutics including the loss of efficacy, the induction of unwanted immunogenicity, altered pharmacokinetics, and reduced shelf life. Aggregation is ameliorated by the inclusion of surfactants in biotherapeutics formulations, typically non-ionic polymeric ether surfactants. The most commonly used examples are Tween 20 (Polysorbate 20) and Tween 80 (Polysorbate 80). Others include TritonTM X-100, Pluronic F-68, Pluronic F-88, Pluronic F-127 (poloxamers), and Brij 35 (polyoxyethylene alkyl ether). The usefulness of polysorbates, in particular in preventing protein aggregation in biotherapeutic formulations, is well accepted. However, polysorbates contain ether linkages and unsaturated alkyl chains that have been shown to auto-oxidize in aqueous solution to protein-damaging peroxides and reactive aldehydes including formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. The peroxides principally affect methionine and tryptophan moieties. The aldehydes react with primary amino groups on proteins and are known to induce immunogenicity of proteins in the absence of aggregation or adjuvants. Detection of protein aggregation and prevention of aggregation using polysorbates is relatively straightforward using light scattering or size exclusion chromatography methods. Detection of oxidative damage to amino acyl moieties or increased immunogenicity resulting from the reaction of biotherapeutics with the degradation products of polysorbates is considerably more difficult and has generally been ignored in the scientific literature. As an increasing number of biotherapeutic agents come into use in common clinical practice, including both as innovator and as biosimilar products, these latter issues will come under increased scrutiny. Substitution of non-ionic, non-ether-based surfactants, could offer significant improvements in stability, reduced immunogenicity, and shelf life, and represents a significant unmet need in the field of biotherapeutics formulation.
HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis co-infections among patients attending the STD clinics of district hospitals in Northern India.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to assess the risk of co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis among patients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, antenatal clinics (ANC) and Ob-Gyn outpatients department (OPD) clinics which were part of the sentinel surveillance program.


METHODS
A serological screening was carried out during the period August-November 2002 to assess the risk of infection with HIV-1/2, and co-infection with HBV, HCV, and syphilis among the outpatients attending STD clinics, Ob-Gyn OPD clinics, and ANC of three district hospitals (Agra, Etawah, and Farrukhabad) of Uttar Pradesh state in Northern India. Unlinked and coded serum samples received from 863 patients (635 females and 228 males) were screened by laboratory tests commonly used for laboratory diagnosis of HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis.


RESULTS
Among the 863 samples serological reactivity was detected for HIV-1/2 in 21 (2.4%), HBV in 25 (2.9%), HCV in nine (1.0%), and syphilis in 47 (5.4%). The incidence of HBV was higher among males than females, i.e. 10/228 (4.4%) versus 15/635 (2.4%). Co-infection was observed for HIV-HBV in two (0.2%), HBV-HCV in one (0.1%), and HIV-syphilis in one (0.1%). None were found to have co-infection with HIV-HCV, HBV-syphilis, and HCV-syphilis. Age, sex, literacy level, occupation, locality, migration, and presence of different sexually transmitted infections did not significantly influence the rate of HIV positives.


CONCLUSION
A substantial percentage of the outpatients seen in the clinics of the district hospital in Uttar Pradesh harbor HIV and viral hepatitis infections, which otherwise would remain undiagnosed without serological screening.