LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Improved prediction of salvage antiretroviral therapy outcomes using ultrasensitive HIV-1 drug resistance testing.

BACKGROUND
The clinical relevance of ultrasensitive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotypic resistance testing in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-experienced individuals remains unknown.


METHODS
This was a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study in ART-experienced, HIV-1-infected adults who initiated salvage ART including, at least 1 ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor, raltegravir or etravirine. Presalvage ART Sanger and 454 sequencing of plasma HIV-1 were used to generate separate genotypic sensitivity scores (GSS) using the HIVdb, ANRS, and REGA algorithms. Virological failure (VF) was defined as 2 consecutive HIV-1 RNA levels ≥200 copies/mL at least 12 weeks after salvage ART initiation, whereas subjects remained on the same ART. The ability of Sanger and 454-GSS to predict VF was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and survival analyses.


RESULTS
The study included 132 evaluable subjects; 28 (21%) developed VF. Using HIVdb, 454 predicted VF better than Sanger sequencing in the ROC curve analysis (area under the curve: 0.69 vs 0.60, Delong test P = .029). Time to VF was shorter for subjects with 454-GSS < 3 vs 454-GSS ≥ 3 (Log-rank P = .003) but not significantly different between Sanger-GSS < 3 and ≥3. Factors independently associated with increased risk of VF in multivariate Cox regression were a 454-GSS < 3 (HR = 4.6, 95 CI, [1.5, 14.0], P = .007), and the number of previous antiretrovirals received (HR = 1.2 per additional drug, 95 CI, [1.1, 1.3], P = .001). Equivalent findings were obtained with the ANRS and REGA algorithms.


CONCLUSIONS
Ultrasensitive HIV-1 genotyping improves GSS-based predictions of virological outcomes of salvage ART relative to Sanger sequencing. This may improve the clinical management of ART-experienced subjects living with HIV-1.


CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
NCT01346878.
Effect of treadmill training based real-world video recording on balance and gait in chronic stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of treadmill training based real-world video recording (TRWVR) for balance and gait ability in chronic stroke patients.


DESIGN
Thirty chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to either the TRWVR group (n=15) or the control group (n=15). Both groups participated in a standard rehabilitation program; in addition, the TRWVR group participated in TRWVR for 30 min per day, three times per week, for 6 weeks, and the control group participated in treadmill walking training for 30 min per day, three times per week, for 6 weeks. Balance ability was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and the postural sway by force platform system. Gait performance was measured using a pressure sensitive walkway.


RESULTS
Significant differences in the time factor for dynamic balance and gait (P<0.05) were observed in the TRWVR and control group, with the exception of static balance. For the group × time interaction, significant improvements in dynamic balance and gait (P<0.05). In the correlation coefficient, no significant correlation was observed between changes in postural sway and other dependent variables.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings of this study demonstrated that the real-world video recording has an effect on dynamic balance and gait in chronic stroke patients when added to treadmill walking.
The IBM Attila speech recognition toolkit

We describe the design of IBM's Attila speech recognition toolkit. We show how the combination of a highly modular and efficient library of low-level C++ classes with simple interfaces, an interconnection layer implemented in a modern scripting language (Python), and a standardized collection of scripts for system-building produce a flexible and scalable toolkit that is useful both for basic research and for construction of large transcription systems for competitive evaluations.
Cu wire and Pd-Cu wire package reliability and molding compounds

Cu wire is drastically replacing Au wire due to surge of Au price. However, Cu wire package has poorer humidity reliability than Au wire package. Although Pd coated Cu wire package could show better humidity reliability than Cu wire, it is still worse than Au. Enough information regarding failure mechanism was not available. For failure analysis, x-section has been widely used to identify the Cu/Al IMC after failure. However, the x-section is the results of corrosion reaction and doesn't show the IMC status before corrosion. Therefore, the failure mechanism could not be estimated precisely. We used chemical model simulation to predict what kinds of IMC could be created after wire bonding, then which IMC could be corroded more easily during HAST. The Desorption energy was used to estimate reactivity between specified Cu/Al IMC and chlorine ion. The simulation suggested that the formation of Cu rich and Cu poor Cu/Al IMC and the Cu rich IMC was estimated to be corroded by chlorine ion. These chemical model simulations are the effective way to have fundamental understanding of the mechanism of Cu/Al IMC corrosion. Furthermore, chemical model simulation for Pd coated Cu wire was done to explore the effect of Pd existence and distribution of Pd in Cu/Al IMC. Dispersed Pd contributed to create new IMC of Cu/Al/Pd instead of easily corroded Cu rich Cu/Al IMC. Cu and Al diffusion and also Cl ion diffusion were inhibited by Pd at surface. Even Cl ion catching effect by Pd is also discussed. To improve humidity reliability performance with Cu wire, we developed new ion trapper using chemical model simulation technique. Developed molding compounds with the ion trapper showed significant improvement at bias HAST with Cu wire, which was even better than conventional Cu wire compatible molding compounds.
Randomised controlled trial of tetanus treatment with antitetanus immunoglobulin by the intrathecal or intramuscular route.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of intrathecal therapy with human antitetanus immunoglobulin on clinical progression of and mortality from tetanus.


DESIGN
Randomised controlled trial.


SETTING
Intensive care unit of a university hospital, Pernambuco, Brazil.


PARTICIPANTS
120 patients with tetanus allocated to antitetanus immunoglobulin by either the intrathecal and intramuscular route (n = 58) or the intramuscular route (n = 62; control group).


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Clinical progression of disease, duration of hospital stay, duration of occurrence of spasms, complications, respiratory infection, respiratory failure or mechanical ventilation, duration of respiratory assistance, and mortality.


RESULTS
Patients in the treatment group showed a better clinical progression than those in the control group (chi2 for trend 7.752, P = 0.005; difference in proportion of patients with improvement 20%, 95% confidence interval 4% to 35%). The duration of occurrence of spasms, hospital stay, and respiratory assistance were all shorter in patients the treatment group: respectively, 14.96, 0.0001 (difference in proportion of patients with spasms lasting < or = 10 days 36%, 18% to 55%); 4.56, 0.03; and 6.56, 0.01 (proportion of patients who needed assistance for < or = 10 days 69.2% in the treatment group and 30.8% in the control group (difference 38%, 12% to 65%)).


CONCLUSION
Patients treated with antitetanus immunoglobulin by the intrathecal route show better clinical progression than those treated by the intramuscular route.
Magneto-aerostatic bearing for miniature air turbine

Under the circumstance of pursuing high speed and miniaturization, mini-type air turbines have been widely applied to high-speed dental handpieces in recent years. Among all the components of a mini-type air turbine, bearing is the most important part which significantly affects its efficiency. Friction, collision, and wear are the main causes to make the ball bearing unable to reach higher efficiency. Though very small sliding friction can be realized by the aerostatic bearing, its poor bearing capacity limits the application. This research combines the magnetic and aerostatic levitation principle to develop a magnetoaerostatic hybrid bearing for miniature air turbine. The aerostatic bearing undertakes the main function of the radial and the axial bearings. However, the air bearing also possesses a drawback, which is pneumatic hammer effect induced by the air compressibility. In order to eliminate the pneumatic instability, an axial passive magnetic bearing is integrated into the aerostatic bearing. With the magnetic bearing, not only the bearing capacity can be improved, but also the pneumatic hammer effect can be significantly damped. Both theoretical calculation and finite element method (FEM) are used to study the cause and elimination solution of the pneumatic instability. Through experimental testing, the performance of our developed magneto-aerostatic bearing is also verified. The magneto-aerostatic bearing suppresses the axial vibration over 57%, and also enhances its axial bearing capacity by 50%.
An ICT solution for integration of Electric Vehicles in grid balancing services

To achieve a mass market acceptance of electric mobility, the development of personal safety mechanisms, authorization methods and asset management of charging infrastructure requires standardized ICT protocols. For all these issues protocols have been developed and a roll-out of Electric Vehicles (EV) is feasible. To increase the market penetration of e-mobility, EVs can take part in value added grid services (e-services), which can increase the grid stability in case of high fluctuation of renewable energy resources. As only a single EV charging process cannot compensate grid fluctuations, this paper presents a pooling strategy of multiple charge points, which are controlled by a central pool operator that can react upon grid congestion. Two of such e-services are discussed in this paper by developing an ICT architecture with standardized communication protocols. After an introduction of the used protocols, protocol interaction for realizing the e-services is illustrated by several sequence charts. Therefore a new e-service interface including message definition is developed. These messages are based on standardized message types of ISO/IEC 15118. This ensures interoperability and integration of e-service interface into ICT protocols for charge point management, e.g. Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP).
A Unified Bayesian Model of Scripts, Frames and Language

We present the first probabilistic model to capture all levels of the Minsky Frame structure, with the goal of corpusbased induction of scenario definitions. Our model unifies prior efforts in discourse-level modeling with that of Fillmore’s related notion of frame, as captured in sentence-level, FrameNet semantic parses; as part of this, we resurrect the coupling among Minsky’s frames, Schank’s scripts and Fillmore’s frames, as originally laid out by those authors. Empirically, our approach yields improved scenario representations, reflected quantitatively in lower surprisal and more coherent latent scenarios.
Deep multi-task learning for a geographically-regularized semantic segmentation of aerial images

This is the pre-acceptance version, to read the final version published in the ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, please go to: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.06.007. When approaching the semantic segmentation of overhead imagery in the decimeter spatial resolution range, successful strategies usually combine powerful methods to learn the visual appearance of the semantic classes (e.g. convolutional neural networks) with strategies for spatial regularization (e.g. graphical models such as conditional random fields). In this paper, we propose a method to learn evidence in the form of semantic class likelihoods, semantic boundaries across classes and shallow-to-deep visual features, each one modeled by a multi-task convolutional neural network architecture. We combine this bottom-up information with top-down spatial regularization encoded by a conditional random field model optimizing the label space across a hierarchy of segments with constraints related to structural, spatial and data-dependent pairwise relationships between regions. Our results show that such strategy provide better regularization than a series of strong baselines reflecting state-of-the-art technologies. The proposed strategy offers a flexible and principled framework to include several sources of visual and structural information, while allowing for different degrees of spatial regularization accounting for priors about the expected output structures. ∗Corresponding Author: Michele Volpi, michele.volpi@sdsc.ethz.ch, Tel: +41 (0) 44 635 5256, Fax: +41 (0) 44 635 6848. DT: devis.tuia@wur.nl. Web: https://sites.google.com/site/michelevolpiresearch/ Preprint submitted to ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing August 24, 2018 ar X iv :1 80 8. 07 67 5v 1 [ cs .C V ] 2 3 A ug 2 01 8
Understanding Petri Nets Modeling Techniques, Analysis Methods, Case Studies

With their intuitive graphical approach and expressive analysis techniques, Petri nets are suitable for a wide range of applications and teaching scenarios, and they have gained wide acceptance as a modeling technique in areas such as software design and control engineering. The core theoretical principles have been studied for many decades and there is now a comprehensive research literature that complements the extensive implementation experience.
Aesthetics and credibility in web site design

Web sites often provide the first impression of an organization. For many organizations, web sites are crucial to ensure sales or to procure services within. When a person opens a web site, the first impression is probably made in a few seconds, and the user will either stay or move on to the next site on the basis of many factors. One of the factors that may influence users to stay or go is the page aesthetics. Another reason may involve a user’s judgment about the site’s credibility. This study explores the possible link between page aesthetics and a user’s judgment of the site’s credibility. Our findings indicate that when the same content is presented using different levels of aesthetic treatment, the content with a higher aesthetic treatment was judged as having higher credibility. We call this the amelioration effect of visual design and aesthetics on content credibility. Our study suggests that this effect is operational within the first few seconds in which a user views a web page. Given the same content, a higher aesthetic treatment will increase perceived credibility. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Outcomes of a single centre registry of patients with ischaemic heart disease, qualified for an RF ablation of ventricular arrhythmia after ICD intervention.

BACKGROUND AND AIM
Reduction of ICD interventions improves the quality of life and possibly reduces mortality. Ablation reduces ICD interventions in patients with ablatable arrhythmia, but its effectiveness needs to be proven for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) regardless of the type of arrhythmia. Our study was designed to address this issue, but it had to be terminated due to recruitment problems. The reasons for early termination are described in this paper.


METHODS
Patients with CAD and implanted ICD, who within the past three months survived an episode of VT/VF, were selected for this study. Patients were to be randomised for ablation or pharmacotherapy. A group of 209 patients was screened between June and December of 2007.


RESULTS
Out of 209 patients, 39 (18.7%) had appropriate ICD therapy during the last three months and were potentially eligible for the trial. Out of 39 patients, 34 could not be randomised, due to the presence of exclusion criteria (n-25) or consent refusal (n-9). Previous ablation (n-10), left ventricular thrombus (n-3) or presence of mitral or aortic artificial valve (n-3) were the most frequent exclusion criteria. During follow-up of 12 months one patient required ablation due to frequent ICD discharges. From the five randomised patients, two were randomised to ablation and three to the pharmacotherapy arm.


CONCLUSIONS
1. Ablation might not be suitable as a routine treatment for all patients with ICD interventions, as a significant group prefers not to undergo RF ablation as a routine treatment or there are contraindications for the ablation. 2. There are obstacles in prospective and randomised evaluation of the role of ablation in patients with CAD and ICD interventions, which are related both to patients' medical conditions and to patients' will. These limitations should be taken into account when designing further studies.
Modelling and Control of a Vehicle with Single-wheel Chassis Actuators

For a vehicle equipped with active single-wheel steering, brake, drive and suspension systems a nonlinear vehicle model is presented. On the basis of this model an integrated vehicle dynamics control is developed comprising all of the mentioned chassis actuators to control the plane vehicle motion. The basic control strategy consists in two parts. One part is a flatness based tracking controller for the vehicle motion, delivering a yaw moment and forces in longitudinal and lateral direction as control commands. The other part is an analytical allocation of these control commands into adequate commands for the chassis actuators, i.e. steer angles, wheel speeds and a wheel load intervention. Copyright c © IFAC 2005
The Impact of Information Technology on Middle Managers

This article reviews studies that examine the impact of information technology (IT) on the number of middle managers in organizations. Contradictory evidence is found to suggest, paradoxically, that IT both increases and decreases the number of the middle managers. This "empirical paradox" is resolved by looking at the effects of IT on middle managers as contingent upon the degree of centralization of computing decisions, and of organizational decisions more broadly. When both computing decisions and organizational decisions are centralized, top managers tend to use IT to reduce the number of middle managers. When these decisions are decentralized, middle managers use IT to increase their numbers. A recent case study provides preliminary support for this perspective by showing an interesting case of reduction in middle managers.
Quantitative prediction of transporter- and enzyme-mediated clinical drug-drug interactions of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 substrates using a mechanistic net-effect model.

Quantitative prediction of complex drug-drug interactions (DDIs) involving hepatic transporters and cytochromes P450 (P450s) is challenging. We evaluated the extent of DDIs of nine victim drugs-which are substrates to organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 and undergo P450 metabolism or biliary elimination-caused by five perpetrator drugs, using in vitro data and the proposed extended net-effect model. Hepatobiliary transport and metabolic clearance estimates were obtained from in vitro studies. Of the total of 62 clinical interaction combinations assessed using the net-effect model, 58 (94%) could be predicted within a 2-fold error, with few false-negative predictions. Model predictive performance improved significantly when in vitro active uptake clearance was corrected to recover in vivo clearance. The basic R-value model yielded only 63% predictions within 2-fold error. This study demonstrates that the interactions involving transporter-enzyme interplay need to be mechanistically assessed for quantitative rationalization and prospective prediction.
Forecasting the NYSE composite index with technical analysis, pattern recognizer, neural network, and genetic algorithm: a case study in romantic decision support

The 21st century is seeing technological advances that make it possible to build more robust and sophisticated decision support systems than ever before. But the effectiveness of these systems may be limited if we do not consider more eclectic (or romantic) options. This paper exemplifies the potential that lies in the novel application and combination of methods, in this case to evaluating stock market purchasing opportunities using the ‘‘technical analysis’’ school of stock market prediction. Members of the technical analysis school predict market prices and movements based on the dynamics of market price and volume, rather than on economic fundamentals such as earnings and market share. The results of this paper support the effectiveness of the technical analysis approach through use of the ‘‘bull flag’’ price and volume pattern heuristic. The romantic approach to decision support exemplified in this paper is made possible by the recent development of: (1) high-performance desktop computing, (2) the methods and techniques of machine learning and soft computing, including neural networks and genetic algorithms, and (3) approaches recently developed that combine diverse classification and forecasting systems. The contribution of this paper lies in the novel application and combination of the decision-making methods and in the nature and superior quality of the results achieved. D 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Sex differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis in a broad spectrum of patients with heart failure: results of the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program.

BACKGROUND
We wished to test previous hypotheses that sex-related differences in mortality and morbidity may be due to differences in the cause of heart failure or in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by comparing fatal and nonfatal outcomes in women and men with heart failure and a broad spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction.


METHODS AND RESULTS
We compared outcomes in 2400 women and 5199 men randomized in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program using multivariable regression analyses. A total of 1188 women (50%) had a low LVEF (< or = 0.40), and 1212 had a preserved LVEF (> 0.40). Among the men, 3388 (65%) had a low LVEF, and 1811 had a preserved LVEF. A total of 1216 women (51%) and 3465 men (67%) had an ischemic cause of their heart failure. All-cause mortality was 21.5% in women and 25.3% in men (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.86; P<0.001). Fewer women (30.4%) than men (33.3%) experienced cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization (adjusted HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.91; P<0.001). The risks of sudden death (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.85) and death due to worsening heart failure (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.89) were reduced to a comparable extent. The adjusted risk of cardiovascular hospitalization was also lower in women (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.95), mainly because of a reduced risk of heart failure hospitalization (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.97). Women had a lower risk of death irrespective of cause of heart failure or LVEF.


CONCLUSIONS
Among patients with heart failure, women have lower risks of most fatal and nonfatal outcomes that are not explained, as previously suggested, by LVEF or origin of the heart failure.