LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Quality of life after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis: different questionnaires lead to different interpretations.

BACKGROUND
According to some researchers, health-related quality-of-life scores for patients who undergo restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) for ulcerative colitis (UC) are comparable to those of healthy control subjects. Other studies show evidence that patients who undergo RPC experience a health-related quality of life similar to patients with mild UC or UC in remission.


HYPOTHESIS
The discrepancy in health-related quality-of-life scores among studies may be due to different health-related quality-of-life analyses.


DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.


SETTING
Outpatient clinic of a tertiary care center.


PATIENTS
In the first phase of the study, we consecutively enrolled 24 patients with UC, 24 patients with Crohn disease, and 24 healthy controls. In the second phase of the study, 40 patients who underwent RPC, 43 patients with UC, and 44 controls were consecutively enrolled.


INTERVENTIONS
We administered an Italian version of the Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) instrument, the Padova Inflammatory Bowel Disease Quality of Life instrument, and the Italian 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey.


MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
We evaluated the construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, sensitivity to change, and discriminant ability of the Italian CGQL instrument. We compared its discriminative ability with that of the Padova Inflammatory Bowel Disease Quality of Life instrument.


RESULTS
The Italian CGQL instrument obtained good construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and sensitivity to change. The Italian CGQL score did not distinguish patients who underwent RPC from healthy controls and those with mild UC or UC in remission, while the Padova Inflammatory Bowel Disease Quality of Life instrument reported similar scores for patients who underwent RPC and those with mild UC or UC in remission, and showed a difference vs healthy controls.


CONCLUSIONS
We validated an Italian version of the CGQL score. The different results obtained with the CGQL and the Padova Inflammatory Bowel Disease Quality of Life instruments can be attributed to the different discriminative ability of the 2 questionnaires.
Multi-Robot Organisms: State of the Art

This paper represents the state of the art development on the field of artificial multi-robot organisms. It briefly considers mechatronic development, sensor and computational equipment, software framework and introduces one of the Grand Challenges for swarm and reconfigurable robotics.
Hash functions : Theory , attacks , and applications

We survey theory and applications of cryptographic hash functions, such as MD5 and SHA-1, especially their resistance to collision-finding attacks. We review definitions, design principles, trace genealogy of standard hash functions, discuss generic attacks, attacks on iterative hash functions, and recent attacks on specific functions.
Depression detection using emotion artificial intelligence

Depression is a leading cause of mental ill health, which has been found to increase risk of early death. Moreover it is a major cause of suicidal ideation and leads to significant impairment in daily life. Emotion artificial intelligence is a field of ongoing research in emotion detection, specifically in the field of text mining. The advent of internet based media sources has resulted in significant user data being available for sentiment analysis of text and images. This paper aims to apply natural language processing on Twitter feeds for conducting emotion analysis focusing on depression. Individual tweets are classified as neutral or negative, based on a curated word-list to detect depression tendencies. In the process of class prediction, support vector machine and Naive-Bayes classifier have been used. The results have been presented using the primary classification metrics including F1-score, accuracy and confusion matrix.
Performance evaluation of discrete track perpendicular media for high recording density

Read-write (RW) performance of a discrete track perpendicular recording medium was evaluated. It was confirmed that track following was available by using the pre-formed servo pattern. Byte-error-rate (BER) evaluations showed the written signal on the discrete track medium was stable due to the effect of discrete tracks and grooves for preventing side-writing. The extendibility of this technology was evaluated using a signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) simulation using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) method. The result showed that this medium has a potential for achieving a higher SNR at higher track density.
Thoracic Epidural analgesia versus Rectus Sheath Catheters for open midline incisions in major abdominal surgery within an enhanced recovery programme (TERSC): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is recommended for post-operative pain relief in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery via a midline incision. However, the effectiveness of TEA is variable with high failure rates reported post-operatively. Common side effects such as low blood pressure and motor block can reduce mobility and hinder recovery, and a number of rare but serious complications can also occur following their use.Rectus sheath catheters (RSC) may provide a novel alternative approach to somatic analgesia without the associated adverse effects of TEA. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of both techniques in terms of pain relief, patient experience, post-operative functional recovery, safety and cost-effectiveness.


METHODS/DESIGN
This is a single-centre randomised controlled non-blinded trial, which also includes a nested qualitative study. Over a two-year period, 132 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery via a midline incision will be randomised to receive either TEA or RSC for post-operative analgesia. The primary outcome measures pain scores on moving from a supine to a sitting position at 24 hours post wound closure, and the patient experience between groups evaluated through in-depth interviews. Secondary outcomes include pain scores at rest and on movement at other time points, opiate consumption, functional recovery, morbidity and cost-effectiveness.


DISCUSSION
This will be the first randomised controlled trial comparing thoracic epidurals to ultrasound-guided rectus sheath catheters in adults undergoing elective midline laparotomy. The standardised care provided by an Enhanced Recovery Programme makes this a comparison between two complex pain packages and not simply two analgesic techniques, in order to ascertain if RSC is a viable alternative to TEA.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN81223298 (16 January 2014).
Learning Image Matching by Simply Watching Video

Recovering Matches: Analysis-by-Synthesis Results Starting point: Unsupervised learning of image matching Applications: Feature matching, structure from motion, dense optical flow, recognition, motion segmentation, image alignment Problem: Difficult to do directly (e.g. based on video) Insights: Image matching is a sub-problem of frame interpolation Frame interpolation can be learned from natural video sequences
Evidentiality in language and cognition

What is the relation between language and thought? Specifically, how do linguistic and conceptual representations make contact during language learning? This paper addresses these questions by investigating the acquisition of evidentiality (the linguistic encoding of information source) and its relation to children's evidential reasoning. Previous studies have hypothesized that the acquisition of evidentiality is complicated by the subtleness and abstractness of the underlying concepts; other studies have suggested that learning a language which systematically (e.g. grammatically) marks evidential categories might serve as a pacesetter for early reasoning about sources of information. We conducted experimental studies with children learning Korean (a language with evidential morphology) and English (a language without grammaticalized evidentiality) in order to test these hypotheses. Our experiments compared 3- and 4-year-old Korean children's knowledge of the semantics and discourse functions of evidential morphemes to their (non-linguistic) ability to recognize and report different types of evidential sources. They also compared Korean children's source monitoring abilities to the source monitoring abilities of English-speaking children of the same age. We found that Korean-speaking children have considerable success in producing evidential morphology but their comprehension of such morphology is very fragile. Nevertheless, young Korean speakers are able to reason successfully about sources of information in non-linguistic tasks; furthermore, their performance in these tasks is similar to that of English-speaking peers. These results support the conclusion that the acquisition of evidential expressions poses considerable problems for learners; however, these problems are not (necessarily) conceptual in nature. Our data also suggest that, contrary to relativistic expectations, children's ability to reason about sources of information proceeds along similar lines in diverse language-learning populations and is not tied to the acquisition of the linguistic markers of evidentiality in the exposure language. We discuss implications of our findings for the relationship between linguistic and conceptual representations during development.
Not medical solutions, but overmedicalization by pharmaceutical company policies endanger both sexological care, science, and sexual medicine. A commentary.

Not Medical Solutions, But Overmedicalization by Pharmaceutical Company Policies Endanger Both Sexological Care, Science, and Sexual Medicine. A Commentary Marcel D. Waldinger a b a Department of Psychiatry and Neurosexology, Haga Hospital Leyenburg , The Hague, The Netherlands b Section Psychopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Utrecht, The Netherlands Published online: 04 Aug 2009.
A randomized controlled trial of rebamipide plus rabeprazole for the healing of artificial ulcers after endoscopic submucosal dissection

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an increasingly common technique for the resection of early gastric cancers. Although 8 weeks of treatment with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) reportedly heals most patients with ESD-derived artificial ulcers, it does not heal those with severe atrophic gastritis, for whom there is little data. This study examined whether healing rates of the latter especially were improved by the addition of the non-PPI mucosal healing agent rebamipide after ESD. Patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups for 8 weeks following ESD: patients in the PPI group received daily rabeprazole alone (20 mg), whereas those in the combination group received daily rabeprazole (20 mg) and rebamipide (300 mg). At the primary endpoint (56 days after ESD) we determined the proportion of patients in whom ulcers had healed to scar-stage (S-stage, complete healing). A pre-specified subgroup analysis examined ulcer healing in patients with severe atrophic gastritis. Overall, progression to S-stage occurred in 54.8% in the PPI group, and 86.7% in the combination group (odds ratio 5.3, 95% confidence interval 1.50–19.02, p = 0.006). Among those patients with severe atrophic gastritis, healing to S-stage occurred in 30.0% in the PPI group, and in 92.9% in the combination group (odds ratio 30.3, 95% confidence interval 2.63–348.91, p = 0.0023). Treatment with a PPI plus rebamipide improved healing rates at 8 weeks for patients with ESD-derived artificial ulcer, and appeared to be particularly effective for patients with severe atrophic gastritis.
Regenerative endodontic treatment of perforated internal root resorption: a case report.

AIM
To present the regenerative endodontic treatment procedure of a perforated internal root resorption case and its clinical and radiographic findings after 2 years.


SUMMARY
A 14-year-old female patient was referred complaining of moderate pain associated with her maxillary left lateral incisor. After radiographic examination, a perforated internal resorption lesion in the middle third of tooth 22 was detected. Under local anaesthesia and rubber dam isolation, an access cavity was prepared and the root canal was shaped using K-files under copious irrigation with 1% NaOCl, 17% EDTA and distilled water. At the end of the first and second appointments, calcium hydroxide (CH) paste was placed in the root canal using a lentulo. After 3 months, the CH paste was removed using 1% NaOCl and 17% EDTA solutions and bleeding in the root canal was achieved by placing a size 20 K-file into the periapical tissues. Mineral trioxide aggregate was then placed over the blood clot. The access cavity was restored using glass-ionomer cement and resin composite. After 2 years, the tooth was asymptomatic and radiographic examination revealed hard tissue formation in the perforated resorption area and remodelling of the root surface.


KEY LEARNING POINTS
Regenerative endodontic treatment procedures are an alternative approach to treat perforated internal root resorption lesions. Calcium hydroxide was effective as an intracanal medicament in regenerative endodontic treatment procedures.
Machining with flexible manipulator: toward improving robotic machining performance

This paper presents the critical issues and methodologies to improve robotic machining performance with flexible industrial robots. Compared with CNC machines, the stiffness of industrial robots is significantly lower, resulting in unacceptable quality and lower productivity. The problem is treated with a novel methodology that consists of stiffness modeling, real-time deformation compensation for quality and controlled material removal rate for efficiency. Experimental results show that higher productivity as well as better surface accuracy can be achieved, indicating a promising and practical use of industrial robots for machining applications that is not possible at present
Metallic stent with high axial force as a risk factor for cholecystitis in distal malignant biliary obstruction.

BACKGROUND AND AIM
Tumor involvement to the orifice of cystic duct (OCD) is a risk factor for cholecystitis after self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement, but its prevention is still difficult. We conducted this multicenter analysis to clarify a type of SEMS or a method to place SEMS which would decrease the incidence of cholecystitis after SEMS placement.


METHODS
The incidence of cholecystitis was studied in consecutive patients receiving SEMS for distal malignant biliary obstruction in five tertiary care centers. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors for cholecystitis.


RESULTS
A total of 376 patients who received SEMS placement for distal malignant biliary obstruction were analyzed. Tumor involvement to OCD was diagnosed in 25.3%. Overall incidence of cholecystitis was 6.9%. Cholecystitis was observed in 8.0% of 300 patients with covered SEMS, 16.8% of 95 patients with tumor involvement to OCD, 10.8% of 234 patients with SEMS of high axial force (AF), and 12.0% of 158 patients with SEMS length ≤ 60 mm. In the multivariate analysis, tumor involvement to OCD (odds ratio [OR] 5.40, P < 0.001), SEMSs with high AF (OR 5.33, P = 0.002), and SEMS length ≤ 60 mm (OR 3.19, P = 0.010) are risk factors. Among patients with tumor involvement to OCD, the incidence of cholecystitis in SEMS with high and low AF was 25.0% and 5.0%, respectively.


CONCLUSION
This study with an expanded cohort reconfirmed tumor involvement to OCD as a risk factor for cholecystitis after SEMS placement. SEMS with low AF might decrease cholecystitis.
Identifying medical terms in patient-authored text: a crowdsourcing-based approach

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
As people increasingly engage in online health-seeking behavior and contribute to health-oriented websites, the volume of medical text authored by patients and other medical novices grows rapidly. However, we lack an effective method for automatically identifying medical terms in patient-authored text (PAT). We demonstrate that crowdsourcing PAT medical term identification tasks to non-experts is a viable method for creating large, accurately-labeled PAT datasets; moreover, such datasets can be used to train classifiers that outperform existing medical term identification tools.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
To evaluate the viability of using non-expert crowds to label PAT, we compare expert (registered nurses) and non-expert (Amazon Mechanical Turk workers; Turkers) responses to a PAT medical term identification task. Next, we build a crowd-labeled dataset comprising 10 000 sentences from MedHelp. We train two models on this dataset and evaluate their performance, as well as that of MetaMap, Open Biomedical Annotator (OBA), and NaCTeM's TerMINE, against two gold standard datasets: one from MedHelp and the other from CureTogether.


RESULTS
When aggregated according to a corroborative voting policy, Turker responses predict expert responses with an F1 score of 84%. A conditional random field (CRF) trained on 10 000 crowd-labeled MedHelp sentences achieves an F1 score of 78% against the CureTogether gold standard, widely outperforming OBA (47%), TerMINE (43%), and MetaMap (39%). A failure analysis of the CRF suggests that misclassified terms are likely to be either generic or rare.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results show that combining statistical models sensitive to sentence-level context with crowd-labeled data is a scalable and effective technique for automatically identifying medical terms in PAT.
A novel clustering approach: Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm

Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm which is one of the most recently introduced optimization algorithms, simulates the intelligent foraging behavior of a honey bee swarm. Clustering analysis, used in many disciplines and applications, is an important tool and a descriptive task seeking to identify homogeneous groups of objects based on the values of their attributes. In this work, ABC is used for data clustering on benchmark problems and the performance of ABC algorithm is compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and other nine classification techniques from the literature. Thirteen of typical test data sets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository are used to demonstrate the results of the techniques. The simulation results indicate that ABC algorithm can efficiently be used for multivariate data clustering. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Influence of LDL-receptor mutation type on age at first cardiovascular event in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia.

AIMS
To investigate the influence of different LDL-receptor (LDLR) gene mutations on age at first cardiovascular event in familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) patients.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Dutch FH patients (n = 862) with known LDLR mutations from a retrospective cohort study were included. A gamma frailty Cox model was used. An event was defined as the first cardiovascular event. Gender, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), or triglycerides were included as covariates. Furthermore, the effect of LDLR mutation type on LDL and HDL cholesterol levels was investigated using mixed effects models, including gender, smoking, body mass index, and age at time of lipid measurement as covariates. A total of 86 different LDLR mutations were present in this cohort. Twenty-two percent of patients experienced an event (median age: 47.1 year; range: 25.6-85.8 years). The effect of LDLR mutation type on event-free survival is only significant in the models without LDL-C levels. Also, LDLR mutation type was significantly associated with LDL-C levels (P = 0.007), but not with HDL cholesterol levels (P = 0.12).


CONCLUSION
In the present study, LDL-C levels are a more important risk factor of event-free survival than the type of LDLR mutation.
Ultrafiltration is associated with fewer rehospitalizations than continuous diuretic infusion in patients with decompensated heart failure: results from UNLOAD.

BACKGROUND
Compare outcomes of ultrafiltration (UF) versus standard intravenous (IV) diuretics by continuous infusion or bolus injection in volume overloaded heart failure (HF) patients. In the Ultrafiltration versus Intravenous Diuretics for Patients Hospitalized for Acute Decompensated heart Failure (UNLOAD) study, UF produced greater fluid reduction and fewer HF rehospitalizations than IV diuretics in 200 hospitalized HF patients. Outcomes may be due to greater fluid removal, but UF removes more sodium/unit volume than diuretics.


METHODS AND RESULTS
Outcomes of 100 patients randomized to UF were compared with those of patients randomized to standard IV diuretic therapy with continuous infusion (32) or bolus injections (68). Choice of diuretic therapy was by the treating physician. Forty-eight hour weight loss (kg): 5.0 +/- 3.1 UF, 3.6 +/- 3.5 continuous infusion, and 2.9 +/- 3.5 bolus diuretics (P = .001 UF versus bolus diuretic; P > .05 for the other comparisons). Net fluid loss (L): 4.6 +/- 2.6 UF, 3.9 +/- 2.7 continuous infusion, and 3.1 +/- 2.6 bolus diuretics (P < .001 UF versus bolus diuretic; P > .05 for the other comparisons). At 90 days, rehospitalizations plus unscheduled visits for HF/patient (rehospitalization equivalents) were fewer in UF group (0.65 +/- 1.36) than in continuous infusion (2.29 +/- 3.23; P = .016 versus UF) and bolus diuretics (1.31 +/- 1.87; P = .050 versus UF) groups. No serum creatinine differences occurred between groups up to 90 days.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite similar fluid loss with UF and continuous diuretic infusion, fewer HF rehospitalizations equivalents occurred only with UF. Removal of isotonic fluid by UF compared with hypotonic urine by diuretics more effectively reduces total body sodium in congested HF patients.
Quantum Law of Motion: Analysis and Extension to Higher Dimensions

Abstract
In this paper, we review the recently formulated quantum laws of motion and provide new observations. We also extend these laws to higher dimensions. By applying in two dimensions the obtained relations to charge submitted to an electric central potential, we decide between these laws. Furthermore, we extend the selected law to the relativistic case in higher dimensions.