LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer: short-term outcomes of a randomised trial.

BACKGROUND
The safety and short-term benefits of laparoscopic colectomy for cancer remain debatable. The multicentre COLOR (COlon cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection) trial was done to assess the safety and benefit of laparoscopic resection compared with open resection for curative treatment of patients with cancer of the right or left colon.


METHODS
627 patients were randomly assigned to laparoscopic surgery and 621 patients to open surgery. The primary endpoint was cancer-free survival 3 years after surgery. Secondary outcomes were short-term morbidity and mortality, number of positive resection margins, local recurrence, port-site or wound-site recurrence, metastasis, overall survival, and blood loss during surgery. Analysis was by intention to treat. Here, clinical characteristics, operative findings, and postoperative outcome are reported.


FINDINGS
Patients assigned laparoscopic resection had less blood loss compared with those assigned open resection (median 100 mL [range 0-2700] vs 175 mL [0-2000], p<0.0001), although laparoscopic surgery lasted 30 min longer than did open surgery (p<0.0001). Conversion to open surgery was needed for 91 (17%) patients undergoing the laparoscopic procedure. Radicality of resection as assessed by number of removed lymph nodes and length of resected oral and aboral bowel did not differ between groups. Laparoscopic colectomy was associated with earlier recovery of bowel function (p<0.0001), need for fewer analgesics, and with a shorter hospital stay (p<0.0001) compared with open colectomy. Morbidity and mortality 28 days after colectomy did not differ between groups.


INTERPRETATION
Laparoscopic surgery can be used for safe and radical resection of cancer in the right, left, and sigmoid colon.
The Israeli nation-state : political, constitutional, and cultural challenges

This volume of original essays, by some of Israel's most remarkable public and academic voices, offers a series of state-of-the art, accessible analyses of Israel's ever-evolving theater of statecraft, public debates, legal and cultural tension-fields, deep divisions and - more surprisingly, perhaps - its internal affinities and common denominators.
On the CJT formalism in multi-field theories

Abstract The issues that arise when using the Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis formalism in multi-field theories are investigated. Particular attention is devoted to the interplay between temperature effects, ultraviolet structure, and the interdependence of the gap equations. Results are presented explicitly in the case of the evaluation of the finite temperature effective potential of a theory with two scalar fields which has attracted interest as a toy model for symmetry nonrestoration at high temperatures. The lowest nontrivial order of approximation of the Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis effective potential is shown to lead to consistent results, which are relevant for recent studies of symmetry nonrestoration by Bimonte and Lozano.
Watching sex on television predicts adolescent initiation of sexual behavior.

BACKGROUND
Early sexual initiation is an important social and health issue. A recent survey suggested that most sexually experienced teens wish they had waited longer to have intercourse; other data indicate that unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases are more common among those who begin sexual activity earlier. The American Academy of Pediatrics has suggested that portrayals of sex on entertainment television (TV) may contribute to precocious adolescent sex. Approximately two-thirds of TV programs contain sexual content. However, empirical data examining the relationships between exposure to sex on TV and adolescent sexual behaviors are rare and inadequate for addressing the issue of causal effects.


DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS
We conducted a national longitudinal survey of 1792 adolescents, 12 to 17 years of age. In baseline and 1-year follow-up interviews, participants reported their TV viewing habits and sexual experience and responded to measures of more than a dozen factors known to be associated with adolescent sexual initiation. TV viewing data were combined with the results of a scientific analysis of TV sexual content to derive measures of exposure to sexual content, depictions of sexual risks or safety, and depictions of sexual behavior (versus talk about sex but no behavior).


OUTCOME MEASURES
Initiation of intercourse and advancement in noncoital sexual activity level, during a 1-year period.


RESULTS
Multivariate regression analysis indicated that adolescents who viewed more sexual content at baseline were more likely to initiate intercourse and progress to more advanced noncoital sexual activities during the subsequent year, controlling for respondent characteristics that might otherwise explain these relationships. The size of the adjusted intercourse effect was such that youths in the 90th percentile of TV sex viewing had a predicted probability of intercourse initiation that was approximately double that of youths in the 10th percentile, for all ages studied. Exposure to TV that included only talk about sex was associated with the same risks as exposure to TV that depicted sexual behavior. African American youths who watched more depictions of sexual risks or safety were less likely to initiate intercourse in the subsequent year.


CONCLUSIONS
Watching sex on TV predicts and may hasten adolescent sexual initiation. Reducing the amount of sexual content in entertainment programming, reducing adolescent exposure to this content, or increasing references to and depictions of possible negative consequences of sexual activity could appreciably delay the initiation of coital and noncoital activities. Alternatively, parents may be able to reduce the effects of sexual content by watching TV with their teenaged children and discussing their own beliefs about sex and the behaviors portrayed. Pediatricians should encourage these family discussions.
Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis through Activation of the Mitochondrial Intrinsic Pathway: Role Of Indocyanine Green, Brilliant Blue and Implications for Chromovitrectomy

PURPOSE
To investigate the in vitro effect of four vital dyes on toxicity and apoptosis in a human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line.


METHODS
ARPE-19 cells were exposed to brilliant blue (BriB), methyl blue (MetB), acid violet (AcV) and indocyanine green (ICG). Balanced salt solution was used as control. Five different concentrations of each dye (1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.05 and 0.005 mg/mL) and two exposure times (3 and 30 min) were tested. Cell viability was determined by cell count and MTS assay and cell toxicity by LDH assay. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to access the apoptosis process.


RESULTS
ICG significantly reduced cell viability after 3 minutes of exposure at all concentrations (p<0.01). BriB was safe at concentrations up to 0.25 mg/mL and MetB at concentrations up to 0.5 mg/mL, while AcV was safe up to 0.05 mg/ml, after 3 minutes of exposure. Toxicity was higher, when the cells were treated for 30 minutes. Expression of Bax, cytochrome c and caspase-9 was upregulated at the mRNA and protein level after ICG exposure, while Bcl-2 was downregulated. AcV and MetB were similar to control. However, BriB resulted in upregulation of Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein.


CONCLUSIONS
The safest dye used on RPE cells was MetB followed by BriB and AcV. ICG was toxic at all concentrations and exposure times tested. Moreover, ICG was the only dye that induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. BriB significantly increased Bcl-2 protein levels, which might protect against the apoptosis process.
Valuing Urban Wetlands: A Property Price Approach

This study estimates the value of wetland amenities in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area using the hedonic property price model. Residential housing and wetland data are used to relate the sales price of a property to structural characteristics, neighborhood attributes, and amenities of wetlands and other environmental characteristics. Measures of interest are distance to and size of wetlands, including distance tofour different wetland types; open water, emergent vegetation, scrub-shrub, and forested. Other environmental variables include proximity to parks, lakes, streams, and rivers. Results indicate that wetlands injluence the value of residential property and that wetlands injluence property values dgerently than other amenities. Increasing the size of the nearest wetland to a residence by one acre increased the residence's value by $24. Similarly, reducing the distance to the nearest wetland by 1,000feet increased the value by $436. Home values were not injluenced by wetland type. (JEL Q25)
Affective instability and the course of bipolar depression: results from the STEP-BD randomised controlled trial of psychosocial treatment.

BACKGROUND
Little is known about predictors of recovery from bipolar depression.


AIMS
We investigated affective instability (a pattern of frequent and large mood shifts over time) as a predictor of recovery from episodes of bipolar depression and as a moderator of response to psychosocial treatment for acute depression.


METHOD
A total of 252 out-patients with DSM-IV bipolar I or II disorder and who were depressed enrolled in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) and were randomised to one of three types of intensive psychotherapy for depression (n= 141) or a brief psychoeducational intervention (n= 111). All analyses were by intention-to-treat.


RESULTS
Degree of instability of symptoms of depression and mania predicted a lower likelihood of recovery and longer time until recovery, independent of the concurrent effects of symptom severity. Affective instability did not moderate the effects of psychosocial treatment on recovery from depression.


CONCLUSIONS
Affective instability may be a clinically relevant characteristic that influences the course of bipolar depression.
Intramuscular olanzapine and intramuscular haloperidol in acute schizophrenia: antipsychotic efficacy and extrapyramidal safety during the first 24 hours of treatment.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the antipsychotic efficacy and extrapyramidal safety of intramuscular (i.m.) olanzapine and i.m. haloperidol during the first 24 hours of treatment of acute schizophrenia.


METHOD
Patients (n = 311) with acute schizophrenia were randomly allocated (2:2:1) to receive i.m. olanzapine (10.0 mg, n = 131), i.m. haloperidol (7.5 mg, n = 126), or i.m. placebo (n = 54).


RESULTS
After the first injection, i.m. olanzapine was comparable to i.m. haloperidol and superior to i.m. placebo for reducing mean change scores from baseline on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BRPS) Positive at 2 hours (-2.9 olanzapine, -2.7 haloperidol, and -1.5 placebo) and 24 hours (-2.8 olanzapine, -3.2 haloperidol, and -1.3 placebo); the BPRS Total at 2 hours (-14.2 olanzapine,-13.1 haloperidol, and -7.1 placebo) and 24 hours (-12.8 olanzapine, -12.9 haloperidol, and -6.2 placebo); and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale at 24 hours (-0.5 olanzapine, -0.5 haloperidol, and -0.1 placebo). Patients treated with i.m. olanzapine had significantly fewer incidences of treatment-emergent parkinsonism (4.3% olanzapine vs 13.3% haloperidol, P = 0.036), but not akathisia (1.1% olanzapine vs 6.5% haloperidol, P = 0.065), than did patients treated with i.m. haloperidol; they also required significantly less anticholinergic treatment (4.6% olanzapine vs 20.6% haloperidol, P < 0.001). Mean extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) safety scores improved significantly from baseline during i.m. olanzapine treatment, compared with a general worsening during i.m. haloperidol treatment (Simpson-Angus Scale total score mean change: -0.61 olanzapine vs 0.70 haloperidol; P < 0.001; Barnes Akathisia Scale global score mean change: -0.27 olanzapine vs 0.01 haloperidol; P < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
I.m. olanzapine was comparable to i.m. haloperidol for reducing the symptoms of acute schizophrenia during the first 24 hours of treatment, the efficacy of both being evident within 2 hours after the first injection. In general, more EPS were observed during treatment with i.m. haloperidol than with i.m. olanzapine.
High non-responsiveness of males and the elderly to standard hepatitis B vaccination among a large cohort of healthy employees.

BACKGROUND
Hepatitis B virus infection is a major health problem. Although non-response is known to increase with age, hepatitis B vaccinations are considered to have only minor non-response rates (anti-HBs<10IU/L) in healthy subjects.


OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to quantify immunosenescence in a large retrospective cohort of 11,439 healthy adults who received HBV immunisation according to the standard vaccination regime.


STUDY DESIGN
We evaluated the response to the standard three-dose vaccination regimen, consisting of 20-μg doses of the HbsAg recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine, among 11,439 healthy employees using a retrospective cohort design. Logistic regression was applied to predict the non-response rate, and multivariate regression analysis was applied to predict antibody response. Predictors of responsiveness included sex, age and time between the last vaccination and antibody titre measurement.


RESULTS
From the age of 29 on in men and 43 on in women, more than 5% of subjects did not respond. Compared with women, men had a higher risk of non-response and exhibited a steeper decline in antibody titres produced with increasing age.


CONCLUSIONS
This retrospective cohort study demonstrates that immunosenescence starts at young age, especially among men, underlining the importance of vaccination at a young age to achieve long-lasting immunity. Moreover, HBV vaccination should always include testing for antibodies to facilitate the performance of necessary interventions to prevent long-term fatal complications.
Caregiver burden as people with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder transition into adolescence and adulthood in the United Kingdom.

OBJECTIVE
There is increasing recognition that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with significant costs and burdens. However, research on their impact has focused mostly on the caregivers of young children; few studies have examined caregiver burden as children transition into adolescence and young adulthood, and no one has compared the impact of ASD to other neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., ADHD).


METHOD
We conducted an observational study of 192 families caring for a young person (aged 14 to 24 years) with a childhood diagnosis of ASD or ADHD (n = 101 and n = 91, respectively) in the United Kingdom. A modified stress-appraisal model was used to investigate the correlates of caregiver burden as a function of family background (parental education), primary stressors (symptoms), primary appraisal (need), and resources (use of services).


RESULTS
Both disorders were associated with a high level of caregiver burden, but it was significantly greater in ASD. In both groups, caregiver burden was mainly explained by the affected young person's unmet need. Domains of unmet need most associated with caregiver burden in both groups included depression/anxiety and inappropriate behavior. Specific to ASD were significant associations between burden and unmet needs in domains such as social relationships and major mental health problems.


CONCLUSIONS
Adolescence and young adulthood are associated with high levels of caregiver burden in both disorders; in ASD, the level is comparable to that reported by persons caring for individuals with a brain injury. Interventions are required to reduce caregiver burden in this population.
[Effects of Mindfulness Meditation program on perceived stress, ways of coping, and stress response in breast cancer patients].

PURPOSE
Purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the Mindfulness Meditation program on perceived stress, ways of coping, salivary cortisol level, and psychological stress response in patients with breast cancer.


METHODS
This was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design. Participants in this study were 50 patients who had completed breast cancer treatment (experimental group, 25, control group, 25). The experimental group received the Mindfulness Meditation program for 3 hours/session/ week for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using χ²-test and t-test for subject homogeneity verification, and ANCOVA to examine the hypotheses.


RESULTS
The experimental group had significantly lower scores for perceived stress, emotional focused coping, salivary cortisol level, and psychological stress response compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were found between two groups for the scores on problem focused stress coping.


CONCLUSION
According to the results, the Mindfulness Meditation program was useful for decreasing perceived stress, emotional focused coping, salivary cortisol level, and psychological stress response. Therefore, this program is an effective nursing intervention to decrease stress in patients with breast cancer.
Community-acquired recurrent bacterial meningitis in adults.

BACKGROUND
Community-acquired recurrent bacterial meningitis in adults is a relatively rare disease. All previous data were derived from small retrospective case series.


METHODS
We prospectively evaluated episodes of recurrent bacterial meningitis in a nationwide cohort study in The Netherlands.


RESULTS
Thirty-four episodes of recurrent bacterial meningitis were identified among 31 patients; 3 patients experienced 2 episodes during the study period. The mean age was 43 years, and 25 (74%) of 34 episodes occurred in men. Predisposing conditions were involved in 26 (77%) of 34 episodes; the most common predisposing conditions were remote head injury (17 [53%] of 32 episodes) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage (9 [32%] of 28 episodes). Lumbar puncture revealed an individual CSF indicator of bacterial meningitis for almost all episodes (88%). The outcome was death for 5 (15%) of 34 episodes; 1 additional patient had a suboptimal score on the Glasgow Outcome Scale.


CONCLUSION
We conclude that most patients with recurrent meningitis are male and have predisposing conditions, which, in most cases, are remote head injury or CSF leakage.
Continuing Professional Development.

This article, the second in a two-part series, aims to provide an overview of the stages involved in conducting a systematic review, focusing on selecting and appraising articles for inclusion and the presentation of data and findings. It is assumed that readers have a basic understanding of research terminology and the skills necessary to critically appraise a review. After reading this article and completing the time out activities you should be able to:
Analysis of Hashrate-Based Double Spending

Bitcoin ([1]) is the world’s first decentralized digital currency. Its main technical innovation is the use of a blockchain and hash-based proof of work to synchronize transactions and prevent double-spending the currency. While the qualitative nature of this system is well understood, there is widespread confusion about its quantitative aspects and how they relate to attack vectors and their countermeasures. In this paper we take a look at the stochastic processes underlying typical attacks and their resulting probabilities of success.
Anatomy of an extremely fast LVCSR decoder

We report in detail the decoding strategy that we used for the past two Darpa Rich Transcription evaluations (RT’03 and RT’04) which is based on finite state automata (FSA). We discuss the format of the static decoding graphs, the particulars of our Viterbi implementation, the lattice generation and the likelihood evaluation. This paper is intended to familiarize the reader with some of the design issues encountered when building an FSA decoder. Experimental results are given on the EARS database (English conversational telephone speech) with emphasis on our faster than real-time system.
Joan Robinson's Theory of Growth

This paper, by a student at Moscow State University, was awarded first prize in the All-Union Scientific Students' Competitionon Problems in the Social Sciences, in the History ofthe All-Union Leninist Komsomol, and in the International YouthMovement, which was dedicated to the fiftieth anniversary of the Komsomol.
Vision-based Real-time Driver Fatigue Detection System for Efficient Vehicle Control

In modern days, a large no of automobile accidents are caused due to driver fatigue. To address the problem we propose a vision-based real-time driver fatigue detection system based on eye-tracking, which is an active safety system. Eye tracking is one of the key technologies, for, future driver assistance systems since human eyes contain much information about the driver's condition such as gaze, attention level, and fatigue level. Face and eyes of the driver are first localized and then marked in every frame obtained from the video source. The eyes are tracked in real time using correlation function with an automatically generated online template. Additionally, driver’s distraction and conversations with passengers during driving can lead to serious results. A real-time vision-based model for monitoring driver’s unsafe states, including fatigue state is proposed. A time-based eye glance to mitigate driver distraction is proposed. Keywords— Driver fatigue, Eye-Tracking, Template matching,
Energy And Momentum Associated With Bianchi Type Universes

This paper has been removed by arXiv administrators because it plagiarizes gr-qc/0303009, hep-th/0405047, gr-qc/0602107, hep-th/0311050, and others. 
This paper has excessive overlap with the following papers also written by the authors or their collaborators: gr-qc/0607115, gr-qc/0607103, gr-qc/0606080, gr-qc/0607126, gr-qc/0607102, gr-qc/0510123, gr-qc/0607110, and others.
Health Informatics via Machine Learning for the Clinical Management of Patients.

OBJECTIVES
To review how health informatics systems based on machine learning methods have impacted the clinical management of patients, by affecting clinical practice.


METHODS
We reviewed literature from 2010-2015 from databases such as Pubmed, IEEE xplore, and INSPEC, in which methods based on machine learning are likely to be reported. We bring together a broad body of literature, aiming to identify those leading examples of health informatics that have advanced the methodology of machine learning. While individual methods may have further examples that might be added, we have chosen some of the most representative, informative exemplars in each case.


RESULTS
Our survey highlights that, while much research is taking place in this high-profile field, examples of those that affect the clinical management of patients are seldom found. We show that substantial progress is being made in terms of methodology, often by data scientists working in close collaboration with clinical groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Health informatics systems based on machine learning are in their infancy and the translation of such systems into clinical management has yet to be performed at scale.
Temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis: lessons from depth EEG recordings.

*Neurology Department and GIN U836 INSERM-UJF-CEA, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France; yCTRS-IDEE, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France; zINSERM U751, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie et Neuropsychologie & Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France; and xCHU Timone, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
Factors Influencing Tourism Destinations Attractiveness The Case of Malaga

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