LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Hypothyroidism and risk of mild cognitive impairment in elderly persons: a population-based study.

IMPORTANCE
An association of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not been established.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism with MCI in a large population-based cohort.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Randomly selected participants were aged 70 to 89 years on October 1, 2004, and were without documented prevalent dementia [CORRECTED]. A total of 2050 participants were evaluated and underwent in-person interview, neurologic evaluation, and neuropsychological testing to assess performance in memory, attention/executive function, and visuospatial and language domains. Participants were categorized by consensus as being cognitively normal, having MCI, or having dementia according to published criteria. Clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism were ascertained from a medical records linkage system.


MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Association of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism with MCI.


RESULTS
Among 1904 eligible participants, the frequency of MCI was 16% in 1450 individuals with normal thyroid function, 17% in 313 persons with clinical hypothyroidism, and 18% in 141 individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism. After adjusting for covariates (age, educational level, sex, apolipoprotein E ε4, depression, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, body mass index, and coronary artery disease) we found no significant association between clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism and MCI (odds ratio [OR], 0.99 [95% CI, 0.66-1.48] and 0.88 [0.38-2.03], respectively). No effect of sex interaction was seen on these effects. In stratified analysis, the odds of MCI with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism among men was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.57-1.82) and 1.29 (0.68-2.44) and, among women, was 1.04 (0.66-1.66) and 0.86 (0.37-2.02), respectively.


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this population-based cohort of elderly people, neither clinical nor subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with MCI. Our findings need to be validated in a separate setting using the published criteria for MCI and confirmed in a longitudinal study.
Research for Practice: Cryptocurrencies, Blockchains, and Smart Contracts; Hardware for Deep Learning

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Double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial of bexarotene in moderate Alzheimer’s disease

We assessed the impact of retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist bexarotene on brain amyloid measured by amyloid imaging in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in a proof-of-concept trial. Twenty patients with AD [Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score 10–20 inclusive] with positive florbetapir scans were randomized to receive 300 mg of bexarotene or placebo for 4 weeks. The amyloid imaging result was the primary outcome. Whole-population analyses and prespecified analyses by genotype [apolipoprotein E ε4 (ApoE4) carriers and ApoE4 noncarriers] were conducted. Secondary outcomes included scores on the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive subscale, Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living scale, MMSE, Clinical Dementia Rating scale, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Serum amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide sequences Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 measurements were collected as biomarker outcomes. There was no change in the composite or regional amyloid burden when all patients were included in the analysis. ApoE4 noncarriers showed a significant reduction in brain amyloid on the composite measure in five of six regional measurements. No change in amyloid burden was observed in ApoE4 carriers. There was a significant association between increased serum Aβ1–42 and reductions in brain amyloid in ApoE4 noncarriers (not in carriers). There were significant elevations in serum triglycerides in bexarotene-treated patients. There was no consistent change in any clinical measure. The primary outcome of this trial was negative. The data suggest that bexarotene reduced brain amyloid and increased serum Aβ1–42 in ApoE4 noncarriers. Elevated triglycerides could represent a cardiovascular risk, and bexarotene should not be administered outside a research setting. RXR agonists warrant further investigations as AD therapies. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01782742 . Registered 29 January 2013.
Image-Based Food Calorie Estimation Using Knowledge on Food Categories, Ingredients and Cooking Directions

Image-based food calorie estimation is crucial to diverse mobile applications for recording everyday meal. However, some of them need human help for calorie estimation, and even if it is automatic, food categories are often limited or images from multiple viewpoints are required. Then, it is not yet achieved to estimate food calorie with practical accuracy and estimating food calories from a food photo is an unsolved problem. Therefore, in this paper, we propose estimating food calorie from a food photo by simultaneous learning of food calories, categories, ingredients and cooking directions using deep learning. Since there exists a strong correlation between food calories and food categories, ingredients and cooking directions information in general, we expect that simultaneous training of them brings performance boosting compared to independent single training. To this end, we use a multi-task CNN [1]. In addition, in this research, we construct two kinds of datasets that is a dataset of calorie-annotated recipe collected from Japanese recipe sites on the Web and a dataset collected from an American recipe site. In this experiment, we trained multi-task and single-task CNNs. As a result, the multi-task CNN achieved the better performance on both food category estimation and food calorie estimation than single-task CNNs. For the Japanese recipe dataset, by introducing a multi-task CNN, 0.039 were improved on the correlation coefficient, while for the American recipe dataset, 0.090 were raised compared to the result by the single-task CNN.
Dynamic programming algorithms for haplotype block partitioning: applications to human chromosome 21 haplotype data

Recent studies have shown that the human genome has a haplotype block structure such that it can be divided into discrete blocks of limited haplotype diversity. Patil et al. [6] and Zhang et al. [12] developed algorithms to partition haplotypes into blocks with minimum number of tag SNPs for the entire chromosome. However, it is not clear how to partition haplotypes into blocks with restricted number of SNPs when only limited resources are available. In this paper, we first formulated this problem as finding a block partition with a fixed number of tag SNPs that can cover the maximal percentage of a genome. Then we solved it by two dynamic programming algorithms, which are fairly flexible to take into account the knowledge of functional polymorphism. We applied our algorithms to the published SNP data of human chromosome 21 combining with the functional information of these SNPs and demonstrated the effectiveness of them. Statistical investigation of the relationship between the starting points of a block partition and the coding and non-coding regions illuminated that the SNPs at these starting points are not significantly enriched in coding regions. We also developed an efficient algorithm to find all possible long local maximal haplotypes across a subset of samples. After applying this algorithm to the human chromosome 21 haplotype data, we found that samples with long local haplotypes are not necessarily globally similar.
Depression after cardiac hospitalisation--the Identifying Depression as a Comorbid Condition (IDACC) study.

BACKGROUND
The Identifying Depression as a Comorbid Condition (IDACC) study aimed to identify depressive symptoms in hospitalised cardiac patients and support management of depression in general practice.


OBJECTIVE
This post hoc analysis of the IDACC trial examines the effectiveness and practicality of different forms of communication between hospital psychiatric services and general practitioners.


METHODS
We randomised 669 cardiac inpatients with depressive symptoms, identified with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), to an intervention or usual care control group. Individual depression scores and depression management guidelines were sent to GPs of all intervention patients. Where possible, psychiatric advice was provided to the GP either by multidisciplinary enhanced primary care case conference or one-to-one telephone advice.


RESULTS
Multidisciplinary case conferences were implemented for only 24% of intervention patients. General practitioners received individual telephone advice in 40% of cases, and 36% received written information only. The psychiatrist telephone advice resulted in a significant reduction in the proportion of patients with moderate to severe depression 12 months after cardiac hospitalisation (19% vs. 35%).


DISCUSSION
Screening, combined with psychiatrist telephone advice to GPs, was simple to organise and effective in reducing depression severity after cardiac admission.
Model Uncertainty and Option Markets with Heterogeneous Beliefs

This paper provides option pricing and volume implications for an economy with heterogeneous agents who face model uncertainty and have different dividend growth rate beliefs. Market incompleteness makes options nonredundant, while heterogeneity creates a link between differences in beliefs and option volumes. We solve for both option prices and volumes and test the joint empirical implications using S&P500 index option data. Specifically, we use survey data to build an Index of Dispersion in Beliefs and find that a model that takes information heterogeneity into account can explain the dynamics of option volume and the smile better than can reduced-form models with stochastic volatility. THE NOTION THAT OPTIONS CAN BE REPLICATED via a dynamic trading strategy in the underlying asset (Black and Scholes (1973)) has been one of the most influential innovations in the theory of financial markets. The traditional no-arbitrage approach with deterministic volatility is silent with respect to option trading volume: Since options are redundant securities, agents are indifferent about holding them and thus their trading volume is indeterminate. However, the last two decades have witnessed an impressive proliferation of options and other derivative securities, with option open interest in all main option exchanges increasing tenfold in 15 years. This suggests that options are far from redundant, that is, they provide an economic value that at least exceeds the cost of maintaining option exchanges. The main contribution of this paper is to link heterogeneity in beliefs to option open interest with a model that delivers realistic joint restrictions on both option open interest and prices. Our model investigates a simple generalization of the standard general equilibrium Lucas economy with rational agents characterized by identical preferences and endowments but incomplete and heterogeneous information. We allow the dividend growth rate to be stochastic. Thus, agents need to form expectations about future dividends to form their optimal portfolios. We assume ∗Andrea Buraschi is at Columbia University and Tanaka Business School, Imperial College, London. Alexei Jiltsov is at Lehman Brother, London. We would like to thank Gurdip Bakshi, Suleyman Basak, Francisco Gomes, Dennis Gromb, Randi Rosenblatt, Raman Uppal, an anonymous referee, and the editor (Robert Stambaugh) for helpful comments and seminar participants at Columbia Business School, London Business School, Stockholm School of Economics, Tanaka Business School London, University of Amsterdam, University of Maryland, University of Southern California, the Western Finance Association Conference, and the Gerzensee Symposium. The project was supported by an ESRC Research Grant #R000223628. The usual disclaimer applies.
Hospital nursing, care quality, and patient satisfaction: cross-sectional surveys of nurses and patients in hospitals in China and Europe.

BACKGROUND
This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of nurse resources in Chinese hospitals and the link between nurse resources and nurse and patient outcomes.


METHODS
Survey data were used from 9688 nurses and 5786 patients in 181 Chinese hospitals to estimate associations between nurse workforce characteristics and nurse and patient outcomes in China. Nurse and patient assessments in China were compared with a similar study in Europe.


RESULTS
Thirty-eight percent of nurses in China had high burnout and 45% were dissatisfied with their jobs. Substantial percentages of nurses described their work environment and the quality of care on their unit as poor or fair (61% and 29%, respectively) and graded their hospital low on patient safety (36%). These outcomes tend to be somewhat poorer in China than in Europe, though fewer nurses in China gave their hospitals poor safety grades. Nurses in Chinese hospitals with better work environments and higher nurse-assessed safety grades had lower odds of high burnout and job dissatisfaction (ORs ranged from 0.56 to 0.75) and of reporting poor or fair quality patient care (ORs ranged from 0.54 to 0.74), and patients in such hospitals were more likely to rate their hospital highly, to be satisfied with nursing communications, and to recommend their hospitals (significant ORs ranged from 1.24 to 1.40). Higher patient-to-nurse ratios were associated with poorer nurse outcomes (each additional patient per nurse increases both burnout and dissatisfaction by a factor of 1.04) and higher likelihoods of nurses reporting poor or fair quality of care (OR=1.05), but were unrelated to patient outcomes. Higher percentages of baccalaureate nurses were strongly related to better patient outcomes, with each 10% increase in the percent of baccalaureate nurses increasing patient satisfaction, high ratings, and willingness to recommend their hospital by factors ranging from 1.11 to 1.13.


INTERPRETATION
Nursing is important in quality and safety of hospital care and in patients' perceptions of their care. Improving quality of hospital work environments and expanding the number of baccalaureate-prepared nurses hold promise for improving hospital outcomes in China.
Effects of extended-release metoprolol succinate in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery (POISE trial): a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Trials of beta blockers in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery have reported conflicting results. This randomised controlled trial, done in 190 hospitals in 23 countries, was designed to investigate the effects of perioperative beta blockers.


METHODS
We randomly assigned 8351 patients with, or at risk of, atherosclerotic disease who were undergoing non-cardiac surgery to receive extended-release metoprolol succinate (n=4174) or placebo (n=4177), by a computerised randomisation phone service. Study treatment was started 2-4 h before surgery and continued for 30 days. Patients, health-care providers, data collectors, and outcome adjudicators were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal cardiac arrest. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00182039.


FINDINGS
All 8351 patients were included in analyses; 8331 (99.8%) patients completed the 30-day follow-up. Fewer patients in the metoprolol group than in the placebo group reached the primary endpoint (244 [5.8%] patients in the metoprolol group vs 290 [6.9%] in the placebo group; hazard ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.70-0.99; p=0.0399). Fewer patients in the metoprolol group than in the placebo group had a myocardial infarction (176 [4.2%] vs 239 [5.7%] patients; 0.73, 0.60-0.89; p=0.0017). However, there were more deaths in the metoprolol group than in the placebo group (129 [3.1%] vs 97 [2.3%] patients; 1.33, 1.03-1.74; p=0.0317). More patients in the metoprolol group than in the placebo group had a stroke (41 [1.0%] vs 19 [0.5%] patients; 2.17, 1.26-3.74; p=0.0053).


INTERPRETATION
Our results highlight the risk in assuming a perioperative beta-blocker regimen has benefit without substantial harm, and the importance and need for large randomised trials in the perioperative setting. Patients are unlikely to accept the risks associated with perioperative extended-release metoprolol.
Bangla Sentence Correction Using Deep Neural Network Based Sequence to Sequence Learning

Development in deep neural networks in particular to natural language processing has motivated researchers to apply these techniques in solving challenging problems like machine translation, automatic grammar checking, etc. In this paper, we address the problem of Bangla sentence correction and auto completion using decoder-encoder based sequence-to-sequence recurrent neural network with long short term memory cells. For this purpose, we have constructed a standard benchmark dataset incorporating mis-arrangement of words, missing words and sentence completion tasks. Based on the dataset we have trained our model and achieved 79% accuracy on the test dataset. We have made all our methods and datasets available for future use of the other researchers from: https://github.com/mrscp/bangla-sentence-correction. An online tool have also been developed based on our methods and readily available to use from: http://brl.uiu.ac.bd/s2s.
Mindfulness practice reduces cortisol blunting during chemotherapy: A randomized controlled study of colorectal cancer patients.

BACKGROUND
The objective of this randomized clinical experiment was to test the influence of a mindfulness meditation practice, when delivered during 1 session of active chemotherapy administration, on the acute salivary cortisol response as a marker of neuroendocrine system activity in cancer patients.


METHODS
A mindfulness, attention-control, or resting exposure was assigned to 57 English- or Spanish-speaking colorectal cancer patients at 1 county oncology clinic and 1 university oncology clinic at the start of chemotherapy. Saliva samples were collected at the start of chemotherapy and at subsequent 20-minute intervals during the first 60 minutes of chemotherapy (4 samples in all). Self-reporting on biobehavioral assessments after chemotherapy included distress, fatigue, and mindfulness.


RESULTS
An area-under-the-curve analysis (AUC) showed a relative increase in cortisol reactivity in the mindfulness group after adjustments for biological and clinical measures (β = 123.21; P = .03). More than twice as many patients in the mindfulness group versus the controls displayed a cortisol rise from the baseline to 20 minutes (69% vs 34%; P = .02). AUC values were uncorrelated with biobehavioral measure scores, although mindfulness scores were inversely correlated with fatigue (r = -0.46; P < .01) and distress scores (r = -0.54; P < .01).


CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest that mindfulness practice during chemotherapy can reduce the blunting of neuroendocrine profiles typically observed in cancer patients. Implications include support for the use of mindfulness practice in integrative oncology. Cancer 2017;123:3088-96. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
BitScope: Automatically Dissecting Malicious Binaries

Automatic analysis of malicious binaries is necessary in order to scale with the rapid development and recovery of malware found in the wild. The results of automatic analysis are useful for creating defense systems and understanding the current capabilities of attackers. We propose an approach for automatic dissection of malicious binaries which can answer fundamental questions such as what behavior they exhibit, what are the relationships between their inputs and outputs, and how an attacker may be using the binary. We implement our approach in a system called BitScope. At the core of BitScope is a system which allows us to execute binaries with symbolic inputs. Executing with symbolic inputs allows us to reason about code paths without constraining the analysis to a particular input value. We implement 5 analysis using BitScope, and demonstrate that the analysis can rapidly analyze important properties such as what behaviors the malicious binaries exhibit. For example, BitScope uncovers all commands in typical DDoS zombies and botnet programs, and uncovers significant behavior in just minutes. This work was supported in part by CyLab at Carnegie Mellon under grant DAAD19-02-1-0389 from the Army Research Office, the U.S. Army Research Office under the Cyber-TA Research Grant No. W911NF-06-1-0316, the ITA (International Technology Alliance), CCF-0424422, National Science Foundation Grant Nos. 0311808, 0433540, 0448452, 0627511, and by the IT R&D program of MIC(Ministry of Information and Communication)/IITA(Institute for Information Technology Advancement) [2005-S-606-02, Next Generation Prediction and Response technology for Computer and Network Security Incidents]. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, the ARO, CMU, or the U.S. Government.
A multicenter randomized controlled trial of a nutrition intervention program in a multiethnic adult population in the corporate setting reduces depression and anxiety and improves quality of life: the GEICO study.

PURPOSE
To determine whether a plant-based nutrition program in a multicenter, corporate setting improves depression, anxiety, and productivity.


DESIGN
A quasi-experimental study examined the impact of diet on emotional well-being and productivity.


SETTING
The study was conducted in 10 corporate sites of a major U.S. insurance company.


SUBJECTS
There were 292 participants (79.8% women, 20.2% men), with body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2) and/or previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.


INTERVENTION
Either weekly instruction in following a vegan diet or no instruction was given for 18 weeks.


MEASURES
Depression and anxiety were measured using the Short Form-36 questionnaire. Work productivity was measured using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire.


ANALYSIS
Baseline characteristics were examined by t-test for continuous variables and χ(2) test for categorical variables. Analysis of covariance models were adjusted for baseline covariates. Paired t-tests were used to determine within-group changes and t-tests for between-group differences.


RESULTS
In an intention-to-treat analysis, improvements in impairment because of health (p < .001), overall work impairment because of health (p = .02), non-work-related activity impairment because of health (p < .001), depression (p = .02), anxiety (p = .04), fatigue (p < .001), emotional well-being (p = .01), daily functioning because of physical health (p = .01), and general health (p = 0.02) in the intervention group were significantly greater than in the control group. Results were similar for study completers.


CONCLUSION
A dietary intervention improves depression, anxiety, and productivity in a multicenter, corporate setting.