LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Initial experience with hyperoxemic reperfusion after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: results of a pilot study utilizing intracoronary aqueous oxygen therapy.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of intracoronary hyperoxemic reperfusion after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction (MI).


BACKGROUND
Hyperoxemic therapy with aqueous oxygen (AO) attenuates reperfusion injury and preserves left ventricular (LV) function in experimental models of MI.


METHODS
In a multi-center study of patients with acute MI undergoing primary angioplasty (PTCA), hyperoxemic blood (pO(2): 600 to 800 mm Hg) was infused into the infarct-related artery for 60 to 90 min after intervention. The primary end points were clinical, electrical and hemodynamic stability during hyperoxemic reperfusion and in-hospital major adverse cardiac events. Global and regional LV function was evaluated by serial echocardiography after PTCA, after AO infusion, at 24 h and at one and three months.


RESULTS
Twenty-nine patients were enrolled (mean age: 58.9+/-12.6 years). Hyperoxemic reperfusion was performed successfully in all cases (mean infusion time: 80.8+/-18.2 min; mean coronary perfusate pO(2): 631+/-235 mm Hg). There were no adverse events during hyperoxemic reperfusion or the in-hospital period. Compared with baseline, a significant improvement in global wall motion score index was observed at 24 h (1.68+/-0.24 vs. 1.48+/-0.24, p < 0.001) with a trend toward an increase in ejection fraction (48.6+/-7.3% vs. 51.8+/-6.8%, p = 0.08). Progressive improvement in LV function was observed at one and three months, primarily due to recovery of infarct zone function.


CONCLUSIONS
Intracoronary hyperoxemic reperfusion is safe and well tolerated after primary PTCA. These preliminary data support the need for a randomized controlled trial to determine if hyperoxemic reperfusion enhances myocardial salvage or improves long-term outcome.
High efficacy of the German multicenter ALL (GMALL) protocol for treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) — a single-institution study

Sixty-one consecutive patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (B-ALL excluded) were treated with the protocol described by Hoelzer et al. [15]. The complete remission (CR) rate was 85% (52/61 patients). Three patients died during induction therapy; six patients were refractory to treatment. The median duration of continuous complete remission (CCR), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival was 41.5, 41.4, and 40.8 months, respectively. At 5 years the probability of CCR was 49%, of DFS 43.5%, and of overall survival 41.6%. In the univariate analysis older age (>35 years,p=0.01), bcr-abl positivity (p=0.007), and time to CR (>4 weeks,p=0.05) were significantly unfavorable prognostic factors. In the multivariate analysis only age (p=0.006) and time to CR (p = 0.02) remained significant. Thus, our data confirm the high efficacy of this treatment regimen with regard to CR rate and remission duration.
Helical Tomotherapy for Inoperable Breast Cancer: A New Promising Tool

BACKGROUND
We investigated the feasibility of helical tomotherapy (HT) for inoperable large breast tumors, after failing to achieve adequate treatment planning with conformal radiation techniques.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Five consecutive patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) were treated by preoperative HT. All patients received up-front chemotherapy before HT. Irradiated volumes included breast and nodal areas (45-50 Gy) in 4 patients. One patient received a simultaneous integrated boost (55 Gy) to gross tumor volume (GTV) without lymph node irradiation. Acute toxicity was assessed with Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events v.4. Patients were evaluated for surgery at the end of treatment.


RESULTS
Patients were staged IIB to IIIC (according to the AJCC staging system 2010). HT was associated in 4 patients with concomitant chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil and vinorelbine). Two patients were scored with grade 3 skin toxicity (had not completed HT) and one with grade 3 febrile neutropenia. One patient stopped HT with grade 2 skin toxicity. All patients were able to undergo mastectomy at a median interval of 43 days (31-52) from HT. Pathological partial response was seen in all patients.


CONCLUSIONS
HT is feasible with acceptable toxicity profiles, potentially increased by chemotherapy. These preliminary results prompt us to consider a phase II study.
Hydrogen Bondings and LC State

Abstract Hydrogen-bonded associates with a swallow-tailed and a chair-like molecular shape are produced in binary mixtures using different proton donators and acceptors.
Source to tap urban water cycle modelling

The continuous expansion of urban areas is associated with increased water demand, both for domestic and non-domestic uses. To cover this additional demand, centralised infrastructure, such as water supply and distribution networks tend to become more and more complicated and are eventually over-extended with adverse effects on their reliability. To address this, there exist two main strategies: (a) Tools and algorithms are employed to optimise the operation of the external water supply system, in an effort to minimise risk of failure to cover the demand (either due to the limited availability of water resources or due to the limited capacity of the transmission system and treatment plants) and (b) demand management is employed to reduce the water demand per capita. Dedicated tools do exist to support the implementation of these two strategies separately. However, there is currently no tool capable of handling the complete urban water system, from source to tap, allowing for an investigation of these two strategies at the same time and thus exploring synergies between the two. This paper presents a new version of the UWOT model (Makropoulos et al., 2008), which adopts a metabolism modelling approach and is now capable of simulating the complete urban water cycle from source to tap and back again: the tool simulates the whole water supply network from the generation of demand at the household level to the water reservoirs and tracks wastewater generation from the household through the wastewater system and the treatment plants to the water bodies. UWOT functionality is demonstrated in the case of the water system of Athens and outputs are compared against the current operational tool used by the Water Company of Athens. Results are presented and discussed: The discussion highlights the conditions under which a single source-to-tap model is more advantageous than dedicated subsystem models.
What Is the Blockchain?

Blockchain is a new technology, based on hashing, which is at the foundation of the platforms for trading cryptocurrencies and executing smart contracts. This article reviews the basic ideas of this technology and provides a sample minimalist implementation in Python.
Testosterone does not adversely affect fibrinogen or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in 46 men with chronic stable angina.

OBJECTIVE
In women, sex hormones cause increased morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and adversely affect the coagulation profile. We have studied the effect of physiological testosterone replacement therapy in men on coagulation factor expression, to determine if there is an increased risk of thrombosis.


METHODS
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of testosterone in 46 men with chronic stable angina. Measurements of free, total and bioavailable testosterone, luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and full blood count were made at 0, 6 and 14 weeks.


RESULTS
Bioavailable testosterone levels were: 2.58 +/- 0.58 nmol/l at baseline, compared with 3.35 +/- 0.31 nmol/l at week 14 (P < 0.001) after treatment compared with 2.6 +/- 0.18 nmol/l and 2.44 +/- 0.18 nmol/l in the placebo group (P was not significant). There was no change in fibrinogen (3.03 +/- 0.18 g/l at baseline and 3.02 +/- 0.18 g/l at week 14, P = 0.24), tPA activity (26.77 +/- 4.9 Iu/ml and 25.67 +/- 4.4 Iu/ml, P = 0.88) or PAI-1 activity (0.49 +/- 0.85 Iu/ml and 0.36 +/- 0.06 Iu/ml, P = 0.16) with active treatment and no differences between the groups (at week 14, P value 0.98, 0.59 and 0.8 for fibrinogen, PAI-1 and tPA respectively). Haemoglobin concentration did not change over time, in the testosterone group (1.44 +/- 0.02 g/l and 1.45 +/- 0.02 g/l, P = 0.22).


CONCLUSION
Physiological testosterone replacement does not adversely affect blood coagulation status.
Botulinum Toxin A for Lower Facial Contouring: A Prospective Study

A prominent mandibular angle is a common reason for aesthetic treatment among Asian women. Such women usually present with hypertrophic masseteric muscles, and one treatment for this uses botulinum toxin A (BoNTA). Detailed effectiveness and physiologic influences of this therapy are still under investigation. The authors report a prospective study of 10 female volunteers with hypertrophic masseteric muscles who received a single treatment comprising intramuscular injection of BoNTA. The facial change and the discomfort of the injection were self-rated using a visual analog scale, and the patients were regularly inspected up to 1 year. Bite forces also were measured for chronological documentation. Volume changes of masticating muscles were evaluated by three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scans before and 3 months after injection of BoNTA. The serial photographs and patient subjective evaluation showed an obvious facial change 3 to 6 months after injection. Bite forces decreased from the first day after injection, but started to recover during week 3 and were normal 3 months after injection. Three-dimensional CT evaluation showed a statistically significant mean masseter reduction of about 30%, but no change in the volume of other masticating muscles. There were no serious complications during this study. Injection of BoNTA is an effective alternative for contouring of the lower facial profile by reducing the bulkiness of masseteric muscles. Its effectiveness was noticed as early as 2 weeks after injection and reached a peak effect in month 3. The facial contour gradually returned 6 months after injection. The reduction in bite force was temporary and caused no daily life interference.
Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease: A Psychosocial Perspective

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease primarily characterised by motor symptoms. However, another feature of PD which is receiving increasing attention is the phenomenon of impulse control disorders (ICDs), such as pathological gambling. To date, research into ICDs in PD has centred on a biomedical model of cause, related to the effects of dopamine replacement therapy. However, there are several areas of discrepancy in the current biomedical account of ICDs in PD. In addition, we argue that social and psychological factors also need to be considered to achieve a more complete understanding of the phenomenon. We present a novel conceptual model which combines biomedical and psychosocial factors in the genesis of ICDs in PD and use the model to identify a number of potential treatment intervention points and to highlight important outstanding questions concerning the inter-relationship between psychosocial and biomedical factors in the genesis of ICDs in PD.
Safe mutations for deep and recurrent neural networks through output gradients

While neuroevolution (evolving neural networks) has been successful across a variety of domains from reinforcement learning, to artificial life, to evolutionary robotics, it is rarely applied to large, deep neural networks. A central reason is that while random mutation generally works in low dimensions, a random perturbation of thousands or millions of weights will likely break existing functionality. This paper proposes a solution: a family of safe mutation (SM) operators that facilitate exploration without dramatically altering network behavior or requiring additional interaction with the environment. The most effective SM variant scales the degree of mutation of each individual weight according to the sensitivity of the network's outputs to that weight, which requires computing the gradient of outputs with respect to the weights (instead of the gradient of error, as in conventional deep learning). This safe mutation through gradients (SM-G) operator dramatically increases the ability of a simple genetic algorithm-based neuroevolution method to find solutions in high-dimensional domains that require deep and/or recurrent neural networks, including domains that require processing raw pixels. By improving our ability to evolve deep neural networks, this new safer approach to mutation expands the scope of domains amenable to neuroevolution.
Chapter 10* -data Handling and Presentation 10.1. Introduction

Data analysis and presentation, together with interpretation of the results and report writing, form the last step in the water quality assessment process (see Figure 2.2). It is this phase that shows how successful the monitoring activities have been in attaining the objectives of the assessment. It is also the step that provides the information needed for decision making, such as choosing the most appropriate solution to a water quality problem, assessing the state of the environment or refining the water quality assessment process itself. Although computers now help the process of data analysis and presentation considerably, these activities are still very labour intensive. In addition, they require a working knowledge of all the preceding steps of the water quality assessment (see Figure 2.2), as well as a good understanding of statistics as it applies to the science of water quality assessment. This is perhaps one of the reasons why data analysis and interpretation do not always receive proper attention when water quality studies are planned and implemented. Although the need to integrate this activity with all the other activities of the assessment process seems quite obvious, achievement of this is often difficult. The " data rich, information poor " syndrome is common in many agencies, both in developed and developing countries. This chapter gives some guidelines and techniques for water quality data analysis and presentation. Emphasis is placed on the simpler methods, although the more complex procedures are mentioned to serve as a starting point for those who may want to use them, or to help in understanding published material which has used these techniques. For those individuals with limited knowledge of statistical procedures, caution is recommended before applying some of the techniques described in this chapter. With the advent of computers and the associated statistical software, it is often too easy to invoke techniques which are inappropriate to the data, without considering whether they are actually suitable, simply because the statistical tests are readily available on the computer and involve no computational effort. If in doubt, consult a statistician, preferably before proceeding too far with the data collection, i.e. at the planning and design phase of the assessment programme. The collection of appropriate numbers of samples from representative locations is particularly important for the final stages of data analysis and interpretation of results. The subject of statistical sampling and programme design is complex and cannot be discussed in …
Applicability of artificial bee colony algorithm for nurse scheduling problems

This paper describes the first Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm approach applied to nurse scheduling evaluated under different working environments. For this purpose, the model has been applied on a real hospital where data taken from different departments of the hospital were used and the schedules from the model were compared with the existing schedules. The results obtained indicated that the proposed model exhibits success in solving the nurse scheduling problems in hospitals.
Dynamic Map Building and Localization : New Theoretical Foundations

Doctor of Philosophy Trinity Term 1995 This thesis examines the theoretical and computational problems associated with map building and localization for autonomous vehicles. In particular, components of a system are described for performing terrain-aided navigation in real time for high speed vehicles or aircraft. Such a system would be able to dynamically construct a map of distinctive naturally-occurring environmental features while simultaneously using those features as landmarks to estimate the position of the vehicle. In order to develop such a system, a variety of challenges are addressed. Specifically: 1. A new approach for nonlinear filtering is described that is not only easier to implement, but substantially more accurate than the conventional methods. 2. A new approach is developed for avoiding problems associated with correlations among the position estimates of mapped features. Such correlations prevent the application of standard real time filtering methods and constitu te the key challenge in the area of large scale map build ing. A byproduct of this development is a new general-purpose filtering and data fusion technique. 3. A new data structure is developed for storing the map so that sensor observations can be associated with candidate features in the map in real time. This data structure is shown to be capable of supporting real time performance for maps having many thousands of features. 4. A new combinatorial result is derived that facilitates the decision process for determining which mapped feature is most likely to have produced a given sensor observation. Applications of the above results to other more general engineering problems are also d iscussed.
Predicting Links and Inferring Attributes using a Social-Attribute Network (SAN)

The effects of social influence and homophily suggest that both network structure and node attribute information should inform the tasks of link prediction and node attribute inference. Recently, Yin et al. [28, 29] proposed Social-Attribute Network (SAN), an attribute-augmented social network, to integrate network structure and node attributes to perform both link prediction and attribute inference. They focused on generalizing the random walk with restart algorithm to the SAN framework and showed improved performance. In this paper, we extend the SAN framework with several leading supervised and unsupervised link prediction algorithms and demonstrate performance improvement for each algorithm on both link prediction and attribute inference. Moreover, we make the novel observation that attribute inference can help inform link prediction, i.e., link prediction accuracy is further improved by first inferring missing attributes. We comprehensively evaluate these algorithms and compare them with other existing algorithms using a novel, largescale Google+ dataset, which we make publicly available.
Evolutionary Genetics of Dictyostelids: Cryptic Species, Sociality and Sex

Evolutionary Genetics of Dictyostelids: Cryptic Species, Sociality and Sex By
Influence of preventive dental treatment on mutans streptococci counts in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy

UNLABELLED
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of chlorhexidine gluconate, sodium fluoride and sodium iodine on mutans streptococci counts in saliva of irradiated patients.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
Forty-five patients were separated into three experimental groups and received chlorhexidine (0.12%), sodium fluoride (0.5%) or sodium iodine (2%), which were used daily during radiotherapy and for 6 months after the conclusion of the treatment. In addition, a fourth group, composed by 15 additional oncologic patients, who did not receive the mouthwash or initial dental treatment, constituted the control group. Clinical evaluations were performed in the first visit to dental clinic, after initial dental treatment, immediately before radiotherapy, after radiotherapy and 30, 60, 90 days and 6 months after the conclusion of radiotherapy. After clinical examinations, samples of saliva were inoculated on SB20 selective agar and incubated under anaerobiosis, at 37ºC for 48 h. Total mutans streptococci counts were also evaluated by using real-time PCR, through TaqMan system, with specific primers and probes for S. mutans and S. sobrinus.


RESULTS
All preventive protocols were able to reduce significantly mutans streptococci counts, but chlorhexidine gluconate was the most effective, and induced a significant amelioration of radiotherapy side effects, such as mucositis and candidosis.


CONCLUSION
These results highlights the importance of the initial dental treatment for patients who will be subjected to radiotherapy for head and neck cancer treatment.
Preparing for success: readiness models for rural telehealth.

BACKGROUND
Readiness is an integral and preliminary step in the successful implementation of telehealth services into existing health systems within rural communities.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
This paper details and critiques published international peer-reviewed studies that have focused on assessing telehealth readiness for rural and remote health. Background specific to readiness and change theories is provided, followed by a critique of identified telehealth readiness models, including a commentary on their readiness assessment tools.


RESULTS
Four current readiness models resulted from the search process. The four models varied across settings, such as rural outpatient practices, hospice programs, rural communities, as well as government agencies, national associations, and organizations. All models provided frameworks for readiness tools. Two specifically provided a mechanism by which communities could be categorized by their level of telehealth readiness.


DISCUSSION
Common themes across models included: an appreciation of practice context, strong leadership, and a perceived need to improve practice. Broad dissemination of these telehealth readiness models and tools is necessary to promote awareness and assessment of readiness. This will significantly aid organizations to facilitate the implementation of telehealth.