LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
CO2 regulator SLAC1 and its homologues are essential for anion homeostasis in plant cells

The continuing rise in atmospheric [CO2] is predicted to have diverse and dramatic effects on the productivity of agriculture, plant ecosystems and gas exchange. Stomatal pores in the epidermis provide gates for the exchange of CO2 and water between plants and the atmosphere, processes vital to plant life. Increased [CO2] has been shown to enhance anion channel activity proposed to mediate efflux of osmoregulatory anions (Cl– and malate2–) from guard cells during stomatal closure. However, the genes encoding anion efflux channels in plant plasma membranes remain unknown. Here we report the isolation of an Arabidopsis gene, SLAC1 (SLOW ANION CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED 1, At1g12480), which mediates CO2 sensitivity in regulation of plant gas exchange. The SLAC1 protein is a distant homologue of bacterial and fungal C4-dicarboxylate transporters, and is localized specifically to the plasma membrane of guard cells. It belongs to a protein family that in Arabidopsis consists of four structurally related members that are common in their plasma membrane localization, but show distinct tissue-specific expression patterns. The loss-of-function mutation in SLAC1 was accompanied by an over-accumulation of the osmoregulatory anions in guard cell protoplasts. Guard-cell-specific expression of SLAC1 or its family members resulted in restoration of the wild-type stomatal responses, including CO2 sensitivity, and also in the dissipation of the over-accumulated anions. These results suggest that SLAC1-family proteins have an evolutionarily conserved function that is required for the maintenance of organic/inorganic anion homeostasis on the cellular level.
Floating-gate devices, circuits, and systems

This paper describes our programmable analog technology based around floating-gate transistors that allow for non-volatile storage as well as computation through the same device. We describe the basic concepts for floating-gate devices, capacitor-based circuits, and the basic charge modification mechanisms that makes this analog technology programmable. We describe the techniques to extend these techniques to program an nonhomogenious array of floating-gate devices.
Real-Time Video Analytics: The Killer App for Edge Computing

Video analytics will drive a wide range of applications with great potential to impact society. A geographically distributed architecture of public clouds and edges that extend down to the cameras is the only feasible approach to meeting the strict real-time requirements of large-scale live video analytics.
Transperineal sonography of the anal sphincter complex in neonates and infants: differentiation of anteriorly displaced anus from low-type imperforate anus with perineal fistula.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the usefulness of transperineal sonography of the anal sphincter complex for differentiating between an anteriorly displaced anus, which is a normal anatomical variant, and a low-type imperforate anus with perineal fistula, which is a pathological developmental abnormality requiring surgical repair.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Transperineal sonography was performed with a 13-MHz linear-array transducer on 8 infants (1 day-5.3 months old) who were considered on clinical grounds to have an anteriorly displaced anus and on 9 infants (0-8 months old) with a low-type imperforate anus and perineal fistula confirmed at surgery. The anal sphincter complex was identified and the relationship between the anal canal and the anal sphincter complex was evaluated.


RESULTS
Transperineal sonography was feasible for all children without any specific preparation. An anal canal running within an intact sphincter complex was identified in all infants with an anteriorly displaced anus (n = 8). In 8 of 9 infants with a low-type imperforate anus, a perineal fistula running outside the anal sphincter complex was correctly diagnosed by transperineal sonography. In one infant with a low-type imperforate anus, transperineal sonography revealed a deficient anal sphincter complex.


CONCLUSION
Transperineal sonography appears to be a useful non-invasive imaging technique for assessing congenital anorectal abnormalities in neonates and infants, allowing the surgeon to select infants who would benefit from surgical repair.
A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of PTSD in the context of chronic whiplash.

OBJECTIVES
Whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) are common and involve both physical and psychological impairments. Research has shown that persistent posttraumatic stress symptoms are associated with poorer functional recovery and physical therapy outcomes. Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) has shown moderate effectiveness in chronic pain samples. However, to date, there have been no clinical trials within WAD. Thus, this study will report on the effectiveness of TF-CBT in individuals meeting the criteria for current chronic WAD and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).


METHOD
Twenty-six participants were randomly assigned to either TF-CBT or a waitlist control, and treatment effects were evaluated at posttreatment and 6-month follow-up using a structured clinical interview, self-report questionnaires, and measures of physiological arousal and sensory pain thresholds.


RESULTS
Clinically significant reductions in PTSD symptoms were found in the TF-CBT group compared with the waitlist at postassessment, with further gains noted at the follow-up. The treatment of PTSD was also associated with clinically significant improvements in neck disability, physical, emotional, and social functioning and physiological reactivity to trauma cues, whereas limited changes were found in sensory pain thresholds.


DISCUSSION
This study provides support for the effectiveness of TF-CBT to target PTSD symptoms within chronic WAD. The finding that treatment of PTSD resulted in improvements in neck disability and quality of life and changes in cold pain thresholds highlights the complex and interrelating mechanisms that underlie both WAD and PTSD. Clinical implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed.
Chronic impairment of the vagus nerve function leads to inhibition of dopamine but not serotonin neurons in rat brain structures.

BACKGROUND
Recent clinical studies have shown that the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve is one of the brain areas that are the earliest affected by α-synuclein and Lewy body pathology in Parkinson's disease. This observation raises the question: how the vagus nerve dysfunction affects the dopamine system in the brain?


METHODS
The rats underwent surgical implantation of the microchip (MC) in the abdominal region of the vagus. In this study, we examined the effect of chronic, unilateral electrical stimulation of the left nerve vagus, of two different types: low-frequency (MCL) and physiological stimulation (MCPh) on the dopamine and serotonin metabolism determined by high-pressure chromatography with electrochemical detection in rat brain structures.


RESULTS
MCL electrical stimulation of the left nerve vagus in contrast to MCPh stimulation, produced a significant inhibition of dopamine system in rat brain structures. Ex vivo biochemical experiments clearly suggest that MCL opposite to MCPh impaired the function of dopamine system similarly to vagotomy.


CONCLUSION
We suggest a close relationship between the peripheral vagus nerve impairment and the inhibition of dopamine system in the brain structures. This is the first report of such relationship which may suggest that mental changes (pro-depressive) could occur in the first stage of Parkinson's disease far ahead of motor impairment.
Recent advances in techniques for hyperspectral image processing

C 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Article history: Received 21 July 2006 Received in revised form 25 June 2007 Accepted 27 July 2007 Available online xxxx
Systems biology 101—what you need to know

Systems biology has spurred interest in thousands of researchers, some just starting their careers, others well established but interested in learning more about it. What is the best plan for scientists and students interested in a career in systems biology? Why the excitement? The use of systematic genomic, proteomic and metabolomic technologies to construct models of complex biological systems and diseases is becoming increasingly commonplace. These endeavors, collectively known as systems biology 1,2 , establish an approach by which to interrogate and iteratively refine our knowledge of the cell. In so doing, systems biology integrates knowledge from diverse biological components and data into models of the system as a whole. Although the notion of systems science has existed for some time 3 , these approaches have recently become far more powerful because of a host of new experimental technologies that are high-throughput, quantitative and large-scale 4. As evidence of the impact 'systems' thinking has had on biology , consider the explosive growth of new research institutes, companies, conferences and academic departments that have the words 'systems biology' in the title or mission statement. Several journals are now either entirely devoted to reporting systems biology research or are sponsoring regular sections devoted to current issues in systems or computational biology, such as this inaugural section in Nature Biotechnology. And under the leadership of Elias Zerhouni, the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD, USA) has released a new 'roadmap' that includes interdisciplinary science and inte-grative systems biology as core focus areas 5 ; the UK's Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council has also targeted predictive and integrated biology as a strategic aim over the next five years 6. Where to start Because of the need to couple computational analysis techniques with systematic biological experimentation, more and more universities are offering PhD programs that integrate both computational and biological subject matter (Table 1). Several of these programs, such as those recently initiated by 'systems biology' directly in the name. Others offer courses of study from within physics, engineering or biology departments (e.g., the systems biology syllabus within the Apart from PhD programs with course offerings in systems biology, a number of institutions offer intensive short courses (Table 2). These include the Institute for Systems Biology (Seattle, WA, USA), Oxford University (Oxford, UK) and Biocentrum Amsterdam (Holland). There are also several other emerging initiatives and educational programs around the globe (Table 3). Given the …
Fitness functions in evolutionary robotics: A survey and analysis

This paper surveys fitness functions used in the field of evolutionary robotics (ER). Evolutionary robotics is a field of research that applies artificial evolution to generate control systems for autonomous robots. During evolution, robots attempt to perform a given task in a given environment. The controllers in the better performing robots are selected, altered and propagated to perform the task again in an iterative process that mimics some aspects of natural evolution. A key component of this process – one might argue, the key component – is the measurement of fitness in the evolving controllers. ER is one of a host of machine learning methods that rely on interaction with, and feedback from, a complex dynamic environment to drive synthesis of controllers for autonomous agents. These methods have the potential to lead to the development of robots that can adapt to uncharacterized environments and which may be able to perform tasks that human designers do not completely understand. In order to achieve this, issues regarding fitness evaluation must be addressed. In this paper we survey current ER research and focus on work that involved real robots. The surveyed research is organized according to the degree of a priori knowledge used to formulate the various fitness functions employed during evolution. The underlying motivation for this is to identify methods that allow the development of the greatest degree of novel control, while requiring the minimum amount of a priori task knowledge from the designer. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A note on extended Euclid's algorithm

Starting with the recursive extended Euclid's algorithm, we apply a systematic approach using matrix notation to transform it into an iterative algorithm. The partial correctness proof derived from the transformation turns out to be very elegant, and easy to follow. The paper provides a connection between recursive and iterative versions of extended Euclid's algorithm.
Broad Learning based Social Community Detection

In the real-world online social networks, users tend to form different social communities. Due to its extensive applications, community detection in online social networks has been a hot research topic in recent years. In this chapter, we will focus on introducing the social community detection problem in online social networks. To be more specific, we will take the hard community detection problem as an example to introduce the existing models proposed for conventional (one single) homogeneous social network, and the recent broad learning based (multiple aligned) heterogeneous social networks respectively. Key Word: Community Detection; Social Media; Aligned Heterogeneous Networks; Broad Learning
TBK1 Protects Vacuolar Integrity during Intracellular Bacterial Infection

TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1) is an integral component of Type I interferon induction by microbial infection. The importance of TBK1 and Type I interferon in antiviral immunity is well established, but the function of TBK1 in bacterial infection is unclear. Upon infection of murine embryonic fibroblasts with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella), more extensive bacterial proliferation was observed in tbk1(-/-) than tbk1(+/+) cells. TBK1 kinase activity was required for restriction of bacterial infection, but interferon regulatory factor-3 or Type I interferon did not contribute to this TBK1-dependent function. In tbk1(-/-)cells, Salmonella, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pyogenes escaped from vacuoles into the cytosol where increased replication occurred, which suggests that TBK1 regulates the integrity of pathogen-containing vacuoles. Knockdown of tbk1 in macrophages and epithelial cells also resulted in increased bacterial localization in the cytosol, indicating that the role of TBK1 in maintaining vacuolar integrity is relevant in different cell types. Taken together, these data demonstrate a requirement for TBK1 in control of bacterial infection distinct from its established role in antiviral immunity.
Seeking Success in E-Business

Infonnation systems research is challenging enough, but infonnation systems research in the e-business domain presents even greater difficulties, because its characteristics are in direct conflict with the implicit assumptions underlying most academic research. Approaches are suggested whereby relevant research into e-business can be undertaken. The delivery of real-world value while achieving sufficient rigour to satisfy the guardians of academic standards will, however, remain problematical.
Modulation spectroscopy of semiconductors: bulk/thin film, microstructures, surfaces/interfaces and devices

Abstract Modulation spectroscopy is a powerful method for the study and characterization of a large number of semiconductor configurations, including bulk/thin film, microstructures (heterojunctions, quantum wells, superlattices, quantum dots), surfaces/interfaces and actual device structures in addition to semiconductor growth/processing. Furthermore, the influence of external perturbations such as temperature, electric fields, hydrostatic pressure, uniaxial stress, etc. can be investigated. This optical technique utilizes a very general principle of experimental physics, in which a periodically applied perturbation (either to the sample or probe) leads to sharp, derivative-like spectral features in the optical response of the system. Because of the richness of the derivative-like spectra, the information in the lineshape fits, room temperature performance and relative simplicity of operation this method is becoming increasingly more important as a tool to study these materials and structures. This article will review developments in the field during the last decade.
Engineering of Hollow Core-Shell Interlinked Carbon Spheres for Highly Stable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

We report engineered hollow core-shell interlinked carbon spheres that consist of a mesoporous shell, a hollow void, and an anchored carbon core and are expected to be ideal sulfur hosts for overcoming the shortage of Li-S batteries. The hollow core-shell interlinked carbon spheres were obtained through solution synthesis of polymer spheres followed by a pyrolysis process that occurred in the hermetical silica shell. During the pyrolysis, the polymer sphere was transformed into the carbon core and the carbonaceous volatiles were self-deposited on the silica shell due to the blocking effect of the hermetical silica shell. The gravitational force and the natural driving force of lowering the surface energy tend to interlink the carbon core and carbon/silica shell, resulting in a core-shell interlinked structure. After the SiO2 shell was etched, the mesoporous carbon shell was generated. When used as the sulfur host for Li-S batteries, such a hierarchical structure provides access to Li(+) ingress/egress for reactivity with the sulfur and, meanwhile, can overcome the limitations of low sulfur loading and a severe shuttle effect in solid carbon-supported sulfur cathodes. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy images provide visible evidence that sulfur is well-encapsulated in the hollow void. Importantly, such anchored-core carbon nanostructures can simultaneously serve as a physical buffer and an electronically connecting matrix, which helps to realize the full potential of the active materials. Based on the many merits, carbon-sulfur cathodes show a high utilization of sulfur with a sulfur loading of 70 wt % and exhibit excellent cycling stability (i.e., 960 mA h g(-1) after 200 cycles at a current density of 0.5 C).
A model for the implementation of cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus vaccination in the ED: a pilot study.

ume is associated with aortic arterial stiffness in patients with Behçet’s disease without significant cardiovascular involvement. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 28(10):1388–93. [9] Ekiz O, Balta I, Sen BB, Rifaioglu EN, Ergin C, Balta S, et al. Mean platelet volume in recurrent aphthous stomatitis and Behçet disease. Angiology 2014;65(2):161–5. [10] Balta I, Balta S, Demir M, Ozturk C, Demirkol S. Thrombotic events in Behçet’s disease. Am J Emerg Med 2014;32(2):184–5.
Mild cognitive impairment: a cross-national comparison.

OBJECTIVE
The main aim of this collaborative study was to assess the comparability of the most commonly used criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by comparing the cognitive performance of patients with MCI from the Mayo Clinic (USA) and the Karolinska Institutet (Sweden).


METHODS
Standardised neuropsychological test scores were used to compare the two samples from the two institutions with regard to the number of cognitive domains in which performance was below 1.5 SD. Possible predictors for the conversion from MCI to Alzheimer's disease (AD) were assessed.


RESULTS
When the two institutions were considered together in the Cox proportional hazard model, the number of affected cognitive domains below 1.5 SD was a significant predictor of time to AD diagnosis with age, education, and APOE epsilon4 genotype entered into the same model as covariates. The number of affected cognitive areas remained as a significant predictor when the institutions were considered separately. The logistic regression model of conversion to AD showed that only tests assessing learning and retention were predictors of developing AD.


CONCLUSIONS
Differences in population as well as in methodology of case ascertainment as well as other aspects may account for the observed variability between samples of patients with MCI. The number of impaired cognitive factors at baseline can predict the progression from MCI to AD. Furthermore, tests assessing learning and retention are the best predictors for progression to AD.
Cost-effectiveness of clozapine compared with conventional antipsychotic medication for patients in state hospitals.

BACKGROUND
An open-label, randomized controlled trial compared clozapine with physicians'-choice medications among long-term state hospital inpatients in Connecticut. The goal was to examine clozapine's cost-effectiveness in routine practice for people experiencing lengthy hospitalizations.


METHODS
Long-stay patients with schizophrenia in a state hospital were randomly assigned to begin open-label clozapine (n = 138) or to continue receiving conventional antipsychotic medications (n = 89). We interviewed study participants every 4 months for 2 years to assess psychiatric symptoms and functional status, and we collected continuous measures of prescribed medications, service utilization, and other costs. We used both parametric and nonparametric techniques to examine changes in cost and parametric analyses to examine changes in effectiveness. We used bootstrap techniques to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and create cost-effectiveness acceptability curves.


RESULTS
Both groups incurred similar costs during the 2-year study period, with a trend for clozapine to be less costly than usual care in the second study year. Clozapine was more effective than usual care on many but not all measures. With the use of effectiveness measures that favored clozapine (extrapyramidal side effects, disruptiveness), bootstrap techniques indicated that, even when a payer is unwilling to incur any additional cost for gains in effectiveness, the probability that clozapine is more cost-effective than usual care is at least 0.80. These findings were not as evident when outcomes where clozapine was not clearly superior (psychotic symptoms, weight gain) were examined.


CONCLUSION
Clozapine demonstrated cost-effectiveness on some but not all measures of effectiveness when the alternative was a range of conventional antipsychotic medications.