LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
4T Gain-Cell with internal-feedback for ultra-low retention power at scaled CMOS nodes

Gain-Cell embedded DRAM (GC-eDRAM) has recently been recognized as a possible alternative to traditional SRAM. While GC-eDRAM inherently provides high-density, low-leakage, low-voltage, and 2-ported operation, its limited retention time requires periodic, power-hungry refresh cycles. This drawback is further enhanced at scaled technologies, where increased subthreshold leakage currents and decreased in-cell storage capacitances result in faster data deterioration. In this paper, we present a novel 4T GC-eDRAM bitcell that utilizes an internal feedback mechanism to significantly increase the data retention time in scaled CMOS technologies. A 2 kb memory macro was implemented in a low-power 65nm CMOS technology, displaying an over 3× improvement in retention time over the best previous publication at this node. The resulting array displays a nearly 5× reduction in retention power (despite the refresh power component) with a 40% reduction in bitcell area, as compared to a standard 6T SRAM.
Cone-beam computed tomographic analysis of sinus membrane thickness, ostium patency, and residual ridge heights in the posterior maxilla: implications for sinus floor elevation.

OBJECTIVE
To determine, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), the residual ridge height (RRH), sinus floor membrane thickness (MT), and ostium patency (OP) in patients being evaluated for implant placement in the posterior maxilla.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
CBCT scans of 128 patients (199 sinuses) with ≥1 missing teeth in the posterior maxilla were examined. RRH and MT corresponding to each edentulous site were measured. MT >2 mm was considered pathological and categorized by degree of thickening (2-5, 5-10 mm, and >10 mm). Mucosal appearance was classified as "normal", "flat thickening", or "polypoid thickening", and OP was classified as "patent" or "obstructed". Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were performed.


RESULTS
MT >2 mm was observed in 60.6% patients and 53.6% sinuses. Flat and polypoid mucosal thickening had a prevalence of 38.1% and 15.5%, respectively. RRH ≤4 mm was observed in 46.9% and 48.9% of edentulous first and second molar sites, respectively. Ostium obstruction was observed in 13.1% sinuses and was associated with MT of 2-5 mm (6.7%), 5-10 mm (24%), and >10 mm (35.3%, P < 0.001). Polypoid mucosal lesions were more frequently associated with ostium obstruction than flat thickenings (26.7% vs. 17.6%, P < 0.001).


CONCLUSION
Thickened sinus membranes (>2 mm) and reduced residual ridge heights (≤4 mm) were highly prevalent in this sample of patients with missing posterior maxillary teeth. Membrane thickening >5 mm, especially of a polypoid type, is associated with an increased risk for ostium obstruction. In the presence of these findings, an ENT referral may be beneficial prior to implant-related sinus floor elevation.
Design Patterns for Container-based Distributed Systems

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, object-oriented programming revolutionized software development, popularizing the approach of building of applications as collections of modular components. Today we are seeing a similar revolution in distributed system development, with the increasing popularity of microservice architectures built from containerized software components. Containers [15] [22] [1] [2] are particularly well-suited as the fundamental “object” in distributed systems by virtue of the walls they erect at the container boundary. As this architectural style matures, we are seeing the emergence of design patterns, much as we did for objectoriented programs, and for the same reason – thinking in terms of objects (or containers) abstracts away the lowlevel details of code, eventually revealing higher-level patterns that are common to a variety of applications and algorithms. This paper describes three types of design patterns that we have observed emerging in container-based distributed systems: single-container patterns for container management, single-node patterns of closely cooperating containers, and multi-node patterns for distributed algorithms. Like object-oriented patterns before them, these patterns for distributed computation encode best practices, simplify development, and make the systems where they are used more reliable.
Realizability models for BLL-like languages

We give a realizability model of Girard-Scedrov-Scott’s Bounded Linear Logic (BLL). This gives a new proof that all numerical functions representable in that system are polytime. Our analysis naturally justifies the design of the BLL syntax and suggests further extensions.
Errors in laboratory medicine.

BACKGROUND
The problem of medical errors has recently received a great deal of attention, which will probably increase. In this minireview, we focus on this issue in the fields of laboratory medicine and blood transfusion.


METHODS
We conducted several MEDLINE queries and searched the literature by hand. Searches were limited to the last 8 years to identify results that were not biased by obsolete technology. In addition, data on the frequency and type of preanalytical errors in our institution were collected.


RESULTS
Our search revealed large heterogeneity in study designs and quality on this topic as well as relatively few available data and the lack of a shared definition of "laboratory error" (also referred to as "blunder", "mistake", "problem", or "defect"). Despite these limitations, there was considerable concordance on the distribution of errors throughout the laboratory working process: most occurred in the pre- or postanalytical phases, whereas a minority (13-32% according to the studies) occurred in the analytical portion. The reported frequency of errors was related to how they were identified: when a careful process analysis was performed, substantially more errors were discovered than when studies relied on complaints or report of near accidents.


CONCLUSIONS
The large heterogeneity of literature on laboratory errors together with the prevalence of evidence that most errors occur in the preanalytical phase suggest the implementation of a more rigorous methodology for error detection and classification and the adoption of proper technologies for error reduction. Clinical audits should be used as a tool to detect errors caused by organizational problems outside the laboratory.
Toward population-based indicators of quality end-of-life care: testing stakeholder agreement.

BACKGROUND
Quality indicators (QIs) are tools designed to measure and improve quality of care. The objective of this study was to assess stakeholder acceptability of QIs of end-of-life (EOL) care that potentially were measurable from population-based administrative health databases.


METHODS
After a literature review, the authors identified 19 candidate QIs that potentially were measurable through administrative databases. A modified Delphi methodology, consisting of multidisciplinary panels of cancer care health professionals in Nova Scotia and Ontario, was used to assess agreement on acceptable QIs of EOL care (n = 21 professionals; 2 panels per province). Focus group methodology was used to assess acceptability among patients with metastatic breast cancer (n = 16 patients; 2 groups per province) and bereaved family caregivers of women who had died of metastatic breast cancer (n = 8 caregivers; 1 group per province). All sessions were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and audited, and thematic analyses were conducted.


RESULTS
Through the Delphi panels, 10 QIs and 2 QI subsections were identified as acceptable indicators of quality EOL care, including those related to pain and symptom management, access to care, palliative care, and emergency room visits. When Delphi panelists did not agree, the principal reasons were patient preferences, variation in local resources, and benchmarking. In the focus groups, patients and family caregivers also highlighted the need to consider preferences and local resources when examining quality EOL care.


CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study should be considered when developing quality monitoring systems. QIs will be most useful when stakeholders perceive them as measuring quality care.
Impact of social influence in e-commerce decision making

Purchasing decisions are often strongly influenced by people who the consumer knows and trusts. Moreover, many online shoppers tend to wait for the opinions of early adopters before making a purchase decision to reduce the risk of buying a new product. Web-based social communities, actively fostered by E-commerce companies, allow consumers to share their personal experiences by writing reviews, rating reviews, and chatting among trusting members. They drive the volume of traffic to retail sites and become a starting point for Web shoppers. E-commerce companies have recently started to capture data on the social interaction between consumers in their websites, with the potential objective of understanding and leveraging social influence in customers' purchase decision making to improve customer relationship management and increase sales. In this paper, we present an overview of the impact of social influence in E-commerce decision making to provide guidance to researchers and companies who have an interest in related issues. We identify how data about social influence can be captured from online customer behaviors and how social influence can be used by E-commerce websites to aid the user decision making process. We also provide a summary of technology for social network analysis and identify the research challenges of measuring and leveraging the impact of social influence on E-commerce decision making.
A Generalized Power Lindley Distribution with Applications

The Exponentiated Power Lindley (EPL) distribution which is an extension of the Power Lindley Distribution is introduced and its properties are explored. This new distribution represents a more flexible model for the lifetime data. Some statistical properties of the proposed distribution including the shapes of the density and hazard rate functions, the moments and moment generating function, skewness and kurtosis are explored. Entropy measures and the distribution of the order statistics are given. The maximum likelihood estimation technique is used to estimate the model parameters and finally an application of the model with a real data set is presented for the illustration of the usefulness of the proposed distribution.
Pricing Continuously Resettled Contingent Claims

Abstract This paper is a study of continuously resettled contingent claims prices in a stochastic economy. As special cases, the relationship between futures and forward prices is analyzed, and a preference-free expression is derived for these prices, as well as the price of a continuously resettled futures option, whose formula differs from Black's futures option pricing formula due to the effects of marking-to-market the changes in the futures option premium.
ICTCP: Incast Congestion Control for TCP in Data-Center Networks

TCP incast congestion happens in high-bandwidth and low-latency networks, when multiple synchronized servers send data to a same receiver in parallel [15]. For many important data center applications such as MapReduce[5] and Search, this many-to-one traffic pattern is common. Hence TCP in-cast congestion may severely degrade their performances, e.g., by increasing response time.
 In this paper, we study TCP incast in detail by focusing on the relationship among TCP throughput, round trip time (RTT) and receive window. Different from the previous approach to mitigate the impact of incast congestion by a fine grained timeout value, our idea is to design an ICTCP (Incast congestion Control for TCP) scheme at the receiver side. In particular, our method adjusts TCP receive window proactively before packet drops occur. The implementation and experiments in our testbed demonstrate that we achieve almost zero timeout and high goodput for TCP incast.
Simplifying deep neural networks for neuromorphic architectures

Deep learning using deep neural networks is taking machine intelligence to the next level in computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, etc. Brain-like hardware platforms for the brain-inspired computational models are being studied, but none of such platforms deals with the huge size of practical deep neural networks. This paper presents two techniques, factorization and pruning, that not only compress the models but also maintain the form of the models for the execution on neuromorphic architectures. We also propose a novel method to combine the two techniques. The proposed method shows significant improvements in reducing the number of model parameters over standalone use of each method while maintaining the performance. Our experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve 31× reduction rate without loss of accuracy for the largest layer of AlexNet.
Clinic Overbooking to Improve Patient Access and Increase Provider Productivity

The problem of patient no-shows (patients who do not arrive for scheduled appointments) is significant in many health care settings, where no-show rates can vary widely. No-shows reduce provider productivity and clinic efficiency, increase health care costs, and limit the ability of a clinic to serve its client population by reducing its effective capacity. In this article, we examine the problem of no-shows and propose appointment overbooking as one means of reducing the negative impact of no-shows. We find that patient access and provider productivity are significantly improved with overbooking, but that overbooking causes increases in both patient wait times and provider overtime. We develop a new clinic utility function to capture the trade-offs between these benefits and costs, and we show that the relative values that a clinic assigns to serving additional patients, minimizing patient waiting times, and minimizing clinic overtime will determine whether overbooking is warranted. From the results of a series of simulation experiments, we determine that overbooking provides greater utility when clinics serve larger numbers of patients, no-show rates are higher, and service variability is lower. Even with highly variable service times, many clinics will achieve positive net results with overbooking. Our analysis provides valuable guidance to clinic administrators about the use of appointment overbooking to improve patient access, provider productivity, and overall clinic performance. Subject Areas: Appointment Scheduling, Health Care Policy, No-shows, Overbooking, Service Operations, Scheduling Policies and Systems, Simulation, and Utility Assessment.
The Cracked Foundations of the Right to Secede

Many things changed with the end of the Cold War. One of the main changes is the new enthusiasm for public international law. In a world freed of an overwhelming rivalry of two great power blocs, but by no means freed of conflict, it became possible to think of a qualitatively enhanced role for the rule of law in the regulation of international relations. Nowhere has this thinking been more evident than in the regulation of conflict and warfare between ethnic groups. Two main prongs of international legal activity are the establishment of tribunals to punish genocide and crimes against humanity and the elaboration of various doctrines of human rights, including a possible right of ethnic groups to secede from states in which they are located. This asserted right, which would be a reversal of existing international law, is, in my view, ill considered. The newly asserted right to secede is to be held by ethnic groups and is derived from a reinterpretation of the principle of the self-determination of nations. Theorists display varying degrees of enthusiasm in their advocacy of such a right, but all of them, whether they would permit secession generously or only reluctantly after certain conditions have been fulfilled, see secession as an answer to problems of ethnic conflict and violence. The position I shall take here is that secession is almost never an answer to such problems and that it is likely to make them worse. The proposals, in short, are not informed by any serious understanding of patterns of ethnic conflict or ethnic-group political behavior. Secession, I shall argue, does not create the homogeneous successor Donald L. Horowitz is James B. Duke Professor of Law and Political Science at Duke University, and author, most recently, of The Deadly Ethnic Riot (2001). He is currently working on a study of constitutional design for divided societies. The present essay is based on a paper presented at a conference at Boston University, funded by the Smith Richardson Foundation, on “Partitions as a Solution to Ethnic Conflict.”
Determinant Factors of the Direct Medical Costs Associated with Genotype 1 Hepatitis C Infection in Treatment-Experienced Patients

OBJECTIVE
Limited evidence is available on predictors of medical resource utilization (MRU) and related direct costs, especially in treatment-experienced patients infected with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study aimed at investigating patient and treatment characteristics that predict MRU and related non-drug costs in treatment-experienced patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treated with simeprevir (SMV) or telapravir (TVR) in combination with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PegIFN/R).


PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 709 patients who completed the 72-week ATTAIN trial were included in the study. Cost data were analysed from the UK NHS perspective. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to determine patterns and predictors of total MRU-related costs associated with SMV/PegIFN/R and TVR/PegIFN/R.


RESULTS
Independent predictors for total MRU-related costs were age, region and the following interaction terms: (1) gender × F3-F4 METAVIR score × baseline viral load (BLVL), (2) body mass index (BMI) × F3-F4 METAVIR score × prior response to PegIFN/R and (3) gender × achievement of SVR at 12 weeks (SVR12) × BLVL. A F3-F4 METAVIR score was a stronger predictor of total MRU-related costs than SVR12. Predictors of adverse events included older age, female gender, low BMI, TVR/PegIFN/R and SVR12. Wilcoxon rank sum test revealed comparable total MRU-related costs between SMV/PegIFN/R and TVR/PegIFN/R.


CONCLUSION
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the relationship between commonly admitted predictors of MRU-related costs and their joint effect on total MRU-related costs in treatment-experienced patients with CHC. The identified predictors of MRU-related costs suggest that significant treatment costs can be avoided by starting treatment early before the disease progresses. Furthermore, adverse events seem to be the most important factor to take into consideration for the choice of treatment, especially when therapeutic options are associated with similar levels of medical resource utilization and associated costs.
Entrepreneurial business models in the German software industry : Companies , venture capital , and stock market based growth strategies on the

Entrepreneurial Business Models in the German Software Industry: Companies, Venture Capital, and Stock Market Based Growth Strategies on the ‘Neuer Markt’
Image Retrieval : Importance and Applications

This paper presents a brief analysis of the main techniques used for image retrieval, while pointing out the importance of this emerging technology. Due to the alarming growth of the Internet and the high volume of data, we emphasize the technique of CBIR Content-Based Image Retrieval. For the case study, we developed one application of this technique over an image database using the Euclidean Distance metric.
Qutrit ZX-calculus is Complete for Stabilizer Quantum Mechanics

In this paper, we show that a qutrit version of ZX-calculus, with rules significantly different from that of the qubit version, is complete for pure qutrit stabilizer quantum mechanics, where state preparations and measurements are based on the three dimensional computational basis, and unitary operations are required to be in the generalized Clifford group. This means that any equation of diagrams that holds true under the standard interpretation in Hilbert spaces can be derived diagrammatically. In contrast to the qubit case, the situation here is more complicated due to the richer structure of this qutrit ZX-calculus.
Compound odontoma.

A case of compound odontomas of the anterior maxilla is discussed. Multiple tooth like structures were discovered upon surgical excision.
Comment on the Paper by Esen et al. Entitled "Evaluation of Choroidal Vascular Changes in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Using Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography".

thickness in optic neuritis associated with MS. Similar to Esen et al. [1] , they found a reduced average-RNFL thickness in MS eyes with optic neuritis. However, they also reported that inferiorand temporal-quadrant RNFL thickness is different between eyes with optic neuritis and control eyes. Moreover, they found a statistically significant difference in the inferior quadrant between eyes without optic neuritis and control eyes [3] . Esen et al. [1] only reported the difference between the average-RNFL thicknesses of the groups but they did not compare the quadrants in their study. As Scheel et al. [2] , we think that RNFL can be used as a marker of MS damage in the optic pathway and white matter and wonder whether there is a significant difference between the control, MS-with-optic-neuritis and MS-without-optic-neuritis groups in their study. We suppose that this comparison will improve our understanding of the application of RNFL measurements in patients with MS. Dear Editor We read the article by Esen et al. [1] entitled ‘Evaluation of choroidal vascular changes in patients with multiple sclerosis using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography’ with great interest. The authors evaluated the choroidal thickness changes in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using optical coherence tomography. They found that choroidal structural and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) changes can be seen in the course of MS. We congratulate the authors for their study and would like to make a contribution. Scheel et al. [2] investigated the association of RNFL with white matter damage assessed by diffusion tensor imaging. They reported that there was a significant correlation between RNFL and fractional anisotropy inside the optic radiation, central corpus callosum and remainder of the white matter. They suggested that RNFL can be used as a marker of white matter damage in MS. Chatziralli et al. [3] evaluated RNFL Received: November 8, 2015 Accepted: November 26, 2015 Published online: January 5, 2016