LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Transdisciplinarity and Digital Humanities: Lessons Learned from Developing Text-Mining Tools for Textual Analysis

In recent years, with the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and other social and political factors, national and international research funding councils have increasingly emphasised that research in the humanities should engage with data-intensive and evidence-based academic activities, as those in natural sciences and engineering do (Atkins et al. 2003; Newman et al. 2003; Jankowski 2009; Pieri 2009). As stated in the description of the cross-nation and cross-discipline ‘Digging into Data Challenge’ programme,1 a call for ‘data-driven inquiry’ or ‘cyberscholarship’ has emerged as a result of hoping to inspire innovative research methods, to transform the nature of social scientific enquiry, and to create new opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration on problems of common interest.2 New types and forms of data, whether it be born digital data, transactional data, digitised historical records, archived administrative data, linked databases, or data generated or shared by Internet users, are all considered to be valuable input for research. And in order to facilitate access to and process such a massive amount of data, information technologists and computer scientists have been involved in constructing high-throughput, high-performance computing, grid computing, or cloud computing for research in the humanities. e-Research (or Cyber-Infrastructure in the United States) has been proposed as an umbrella term to describe such computationally enabled science that allows researchers from distributed locations and diverse backgrounds to access, discuss, analyse data, and work together. That said, such a shift to large-scale networked infrastructures for supporting research not only highlights ‘big data’
Early Quantification of Hematoma Hounsfield Units on Noncontrast CT in Acute Intraventricular Hemorrhage Predicts Ventricular Clearance after Intraventricular Thrombolysis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Thrombolytic efficacy of intraventricular rtPA for acute intraventricular hemorrhage may depend on hematoma composition. We assessed whether hematoma Hounsfield unit quantification informs intraventricular hemorrhage clearance after intraventricular rtPA.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Serial NCCT was performed on 52 patients who received intraventricular rtPA as part of the Clot Lysis Evaluation of Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage trial and 12 controls with intraventricular hemorrhage, but no rtPA treatment. A blinded investigator calculated Hounsfield unit values for intraventricular hemorrhage volumes on admission (t0), days 3-4 (t1), and days 6-9 (t2). Controls were matched uniquely to 12 rtPA-treated patients for comparison.


RESULTS
Median intraventricular hemorrhage volume on admission for patients treated with intraventricular rtPA was 31.9 mL (interquartile range, 34.1 mL), and it decreased to 4.9 mL (interquartile range, 14.5 mL) (t2). Mean (±standard error of the mean) Hounsfield unit for intraventricular hemorrhage was 52.1 (0.59) at t0 and decreased significantly to 50.1 (0.63) (t1), and to 45.1 (0.71) (t2). Total intraventricular hemorrhage Hounsfield unit count was significantly correlated with intraventricular hemorrhage volume at all time points (t0: P = .002; t1: P < .001; t2: P < .001). On serologic and CSF analysis at t0, only higher CSF protein was positively correlated with intraventricular hemorrhage Hounsfield units (P = .03). In 24 matched patients treated with rtPA and controls, total intraventricular hemorrhage Hounsfield units were significantly lower in patients treated with rtPA at t2 (P = .02). Higher Hounsfield unit quantification of fourth ventricle hematomas independently predicted slower clearance of this ventricle (95% CI, 0.02-0.14; P = .02), along with higher intraventricular hemorrhage volume (95% CI, 0.02-0.41; P = .03) and lower CSF protein levels (95% CI, -0.003 to -0.002; P < .001).


CONCLUSIONS
Intraventricular hemorrhage Hounsfield unit counts decrease significantly in the acute phase and to a greater extent with intraventricular rtPA treatment. Intraventricular hemorrhage Hounsfield units are correlated significantly with CSF protein and not with serum erythrocyte or platelet concentrations. Hounsfield unit counts may reflect intraventricular hemorrhage clot composition and rtPA sensitivity.
Acidity and alkalinity in mine drainage: Theoretical considerations

Acidity, net acidity, and net alkalinity are widely used parameters for the characterization of mine drainage, but these terms are not well defined and are often misunderstood. Incorrect interpretation of acidity, alkalinity, and derivative terms can lead to inadequate treatment design or poor regulatory decisions. We briefly explain derivations of theoretical expressions of three types of alkalinities (caustic, phenolphthalein, and total) and acidities (mineral, CO2, and total). Theoretically defined total alkalinity is closely analogous to measured alkalinity and presents few practical interpretation problems. Theoretically defined “CO2acidity” is closely related to most standard titration methods used for mine drainage with an endpoint pH of 8.3, but it presents numerous interpretation problems, and it is unfortunately named because CO2 is intentionally driven off during titration of mine-drainage samples. Using the proton condition/massaction approach and employing graphs for visualization, we explore the concept of principal components and how to assign acidity contributions to solution species, including aqueous complexes, commonly found in mine drainage. We define a comprehensive theoretical definition of acidity in mine drainage on the basis of aqueous speciation at the sample pH and the capacity of these species to undergo hydrolysis to pH 8.3. This definition indicates the computed acidity in milligrams per liter (mg L -1 ) as CaCO3 (based on pH and analytical concentrations of dissolved Fe III , Fe II , Mn, and Al in mg L -1 ): Aciditycomputed = 50 . (10 (3-pH) + 3 . CFeIII/55.8 + 2 . CFeII/55.8 + 2 . CMn/54.9 + 3 . CAl/27.0) underestimates contributions from HSO4 and H + , but overestimates the acidity due to Fe 3+ . These errors tend to approximately cancel each other. We demonstrate that “net alkalinity” is a valid mathematical construction based on theoretical definitions of alkalinity and acidity. We demonstrate that, for most mine-drainage solutions, a useful net alkalinity value can be derived from: 1) alkalinity and acidity values based on aqueous speciation, 2) measured alkalinity computed acidity, or 3) taking the negative of the value obtained in a standard method “hot peroxide” acidity titration, provided that labs report negative values. We recommend the third approach; i.e., Net alkalinity = Hot Acidity. Additional
Removing Energy Code Smells with Reengineering Services

Due to the increasing consumer adoption of mobile devices, like smart phones and tablet PCs, saving energy is becoming more and more important. Users desire more functionality and longer battery cycles. While modern mobile computing devices offer hardware optimized for low energy consumption, applications often do not make proper use of energy-saving capabilities. This paper proposes detecting and removing energy-wasteful code using software reengineering services, like code analysis and restructuring, to optimize the energy consumption of mobile devices.
Template matching using fast normalized cross correlation

In this paper we present an algorithm for fast calculation of the normalized cross correlation NCC and its applica tion to the problem of template matching Given a template t whose position is to be determined in an image f the basic idea of the algorithm is to represent the template for which the normalized cross correlation is calculated as a sum of rectangular basis functions Then the correlation is calculated for each basis function instead of the whole template The result of the correlation of the template t and the image f is obtained as the weighted sum of the correlation functions of the basis functions Depending on the approximation the algorithm can by far outperform Fourier transform based implementations of the normalized cross correlation algorithm and it is especially suited to problems where many di erent templates are to be found in the same image f
Overview and comparison of OpenCL and CUDA technology for GPGPU

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) has a great impact on computing field. To enhance the performance of computing systems, researchers and developers use the parallel computing architecture of GPU. On the other hand, to reduce the development time of new products, two programming models are included in GPU, which are OpenCL (Open Computing Language) and CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). The benefit of involving the two programming models in GPU is that researchers and developers don't have to understand OpenGL, DirectX or other program design, but can use GPU through simple programming language. OpenCL is an open standard API, which has the advantage of cross-platform. CUDA is a parallel computer architecture developed by NVIDIA, which includes Runtime API and Driver API. Compared with OpenCL, CUDA is with better performance. In this paper, we used plenty of similar kernels to compare the computing performance of C, OpenCL and CUDA, the two kinds of API's on NVIDIA Quadro 4000 GPU. The experimental result showed that, the executive time of CUDA Driver API was 94.9%~99.0% faster than that of C, while and the executive time of CUDA Driver API was 3.8%~5.4% faster than that of OpenCL. Accordingly, the cross-platform characteristic of OpenCL did not affect the performance of GPU.
Supplementation with three different macular carotenoid formulations in patients with early age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE
To investigate the impact of three different macular carotenoid formulations on macular pigment optical density and visual performance in subjects with early age-related macular degeneration.


METHODS
Fifty-two subjects were supplemented and followed for 12 months, 17 of them were in intervention Group 1 (20 mg/day lutein and 2 mg/day zeaxanthin); 21 in Group 2 (10 mg/day meso-zeaxanthin, 10 mg/day lutein, and 2 mg/day zeaxanthin); and 14 in Group 3 (17 mg/day meso-zeaxanthin, 3 mg/day lutein, and 2 mg/day zeaxanthin). The macular pigment optical density was measured using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry, and visual function was assessed using corrected distance visual acuity and by letter contrast sensitivity.


RESULTS
A statistically significant increase in the macular pigment optical density was observed at all measured eccentricities in Group 2 (P ≤ 0.005) and in Group 3 (P < 0.05, for all), but only at 1.75° in Group 1 (P = 0.018). Statistically significant (P < 0.05) improvements in letter contrast sensitivity were seen at all spatial frequencies (except 1.2 cycles per degree) in Group 3, and at low spatial frequencies in Groups 1 and 2.


CONCLUSION
Augmentation of the macular pigment optical density across its spatial profile and enhancements in contrast sensitivity were best achieved after supplementation with a formulation containing high doses of meso-zeaxanthin in combination with lutein and zeaxanthin.
Cloud robotics: A software architecture: For heterogeneous large-scale autonomous robots

The paper proposes a software architecture for cloud robotics which intends three subsystems in the cloud environment: Middleware Subsystem, Background Tasks Subsystem, and Control Subsystem. The architecture invokes cloud technologies such as cloud computing, cloud storage, and other networking platforms arranged on the assistances of congregated infrastructure and shared services for robotics, for instance Robot Operating System (ROS). Since the architecture is looking for reliable, scalable, and distributed system for the heterogeneous large-scale autonomous robots, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is chosen among the cloud services. Three major tasks can be handled by the proposed software architecture Computing, Storage, and Networking. Hadoop-MapReduce provides the appropriate framework in the cloud environment to process and handle these tasks.
Design of stiff, tough and stretchy hydrogel composites via nanoscale hybrid crosslinking and macroscale fiber reinforcement.

Hydrogels' applications are usually limited by their weak mechanical properties. Despite recent great progress in developing tough hydrogels, it is still challenging to achieve high values of , toughness and modulus all together in synthetic hydrogels. In this paper, we designed highly stretchable, tough, yet stiff hydrogel composites via a combination of nanoscale hybrid crosslinking and macroscale fiber reinforcement. The hydrogel composites were constructed by impregnating a 3D-printed thermoplastic-fiber mesh with a tough hydrogel crosslinked both covalently and ionically. The hydrogel composites can achieve a fracture energy of over 30,000 J m(-2), a modulus of over 6 MPa, and can be stretched over 2.8 times even in the presence of large structural defects. The enhancement of toughness in the new hydrogel composites relies on multiple pairs of toughening mechanisms which span over multiple length scales. A theoretical model is further developed to predict the toughness and modulus of the hydrogel composites and guide the design of future materials.
Factors associated with screening for glucose abnormalities after gestational diabetes mellitus: baseline cohort of the interventional IMPACT study.

INTRODUCTION
Although it is important to screen women who have had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for abnormal post-partum glucose levels, such testing is rarely performed. The aim of this study was to use data from the first observational phase of the IMPACT study to determine rates of screening within 6 months of delivery in a multiethnic cohort, focusing in particular on the effects of social deprivation and the risk of future diabetes.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
To investigate the frequency of post-partum screening, charts were analyzed, and all women attending four centres located in a deprived area who had had GDM between January 2009 and December 2010 were contacted by phone. The Evaluation of Precarity and Inequalities in Health Examination Centres (EPICES) deprivation index and Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK) questionnaire were also evaluated.


RESULTS
Data were evaluable for 589 of the 719 women contacted (mean age: 33.4 ± 5.2 years; mean body mass index: 27.6 ± 5.4 kg/m(2)), and 196 (33.3%) reported having been screened. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with a lack of screening were smoking [odds ratio (OR): 0.42 (0.20-0.90), P<0.05], low consumption of fruit and vegetables [OR: 0.58 (0.39-0.82), P<0.01] and heavier offspring birth weight (P<0.05), although there were no differences in FINDRISK and EPICES scores between screened and unscreened women.


CONCLUSION
One-third of women who had had GDM reported having been screened for dysglycaemia at 6 months post-partum. However, it is expected that the interventional phase of the IMPACT study will increase screening rates, especially in women with the risk factors associated with lower screening rates during this observational phase.
Class D Switching Power Amplifiers: Theory, Design, and Performance

Switching, or class D, amplifiers represent a source of untapped potential for efficient, high power amplification. They are mostly suited for mobile and portable applications. In an effort to better understand these amplifiers, this project examines the theory, design, and performance of these circuits. As a result, it was determined that Class D amplifiers are not as difficult to design and build as commonly believed. The output sound quality of a well-designed class D audio amplifier is comparable to many high fidelity conventional sound systems. D class amps typically have 90-95% efficiency at rated power compared to conventional audio amps, which have 65-70% efficiency ratings. Most importantly, these benefits are available in a smaller, more cost-effective package due to the switching amplifier¿s high efficiency and capability for integration.
Effectiveness of hepatitis B rapid tests toward linkage-to-care: results of a randomized, multicenter study.

OBJECTIVES
Worldwide, many infected individuals are unaware of their hepatitis B virus (HBV) status. We evaluated the effectiveness of HBV rapid testing in promoting linkage-to-care.


METHODS
In 2012, volunteers were recruited from five Parisian centers. Participants were randomized 1 : 1 to receive standard serology (S) or rapid testing (VIKIA-HBsAg/Quick Profile anti-HBsAb) with confirmatory serology (R+S). The primary endpoint was percentage of individuals with appropriate linkage-to-care (nonimmunized individuals starting vaccination or HBsAg-positive individuals receiving medical evaluation). The secondary outcomes were percentage receiving HBV-test results and performance of HBV rapid tests.


RESULTS
In total, 995 individuals were screened. Among the HBV-infection groups included in the primary endpoint (n=409), 20 (4.9%) received appropriate linkage-to-care, with no difference between S and R+S groups (5.7 vs. 4.1%, P=0.5). Two of eight HBsAg-positive participants had a medical visit (1/6 and 1/2 in the S and R+S groups, respectively) and 18/401 (4.5%) nonimmunized participants initiated HBV-vaccination (11/205 and 7/196). Factors that tended to be associated with linkage-to-care were female sex, birth country of high HBV prevalence, and extended medical stay. Test results were not obtained in 4.7% of participants, which was significantly higher in the S arm (P=0.02). Both sensitivity and specificity were 100% for the VIKIA-HBsAg rapid test and 94.4 and 80.8%, respectively, for the anti-HBsAb Quick Profile rapid test.


CONCLUSION
Despite a higher proportion of participants obtaining their results in the R+S arm and better performance of anti-HBsAb rapid tests than described previously, we found no evidence that HBV screening based initially on rapid tests leads to increased HBV-vaccination rates or medical evaluation. This strategy should be evaluated in more hard-to-reach populations.
Ultra narrow band modulation

Ultra narrow band modulation and ultra wideband modulation have common mathematical roots. The difference is in the baseband pulse width. UWB utilizes extremely short energy pulses, with long periods of no signal between pulses. UNB utilizes a continuous wave signal with individual RF cycles removed, or phase altered, to indicate a digital ONE.
Topical photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid for cervical high-risk HPV infection.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the clinical efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) for cervical high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection.


METHODS
In this prospective study, a total of 76 patients with persistent cervical HR-HPV infection were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group (39 patients) received three treatments of ALA-PDT at two-week intervals. The control group (37 patients) received no treatment. All patients were followed up for 9 months. Hybrid Capture HPV DNA Assay and ThinPrep cytology test (TCT) were performed for both groups. Patients with abnormal TCT results received colposcopic biopsy before treatment and during follow-ups.


RESULTS
HR-HPV remission rates were 64.10% (25/39) in the treatment group and 24.32% (9/37) in the control group at 3 month follow-up. Complete remission rates were 76.92% (30/39) and 32.40% (12/37), respectively, in the two groups at 9 month follow-up. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). Conversion rates of abnormal TCT results were 81.81% (9/11) in the treatment group and 12.50% (1/8) in the control group at 3 months, and 90.90% (10/11) and 25.00% (2/8), respectively, at 9 months. Five of six patients with CIN I in the treatment group and no patients in the control group achieved complete response at 9 months. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01).


CONCLUSION
Topical ALA-PDT is an effective, safe and well tolerated treatment for cervical HR-HPV infection.
Programming of respiratory health in childhood: influence of outdoor air pollution.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This overview highlights recent experimental and epidemiological evidence for the programming effects of outdoor air pollution exposures during early development on lung function and chronic respiratory disorders, such as asthma and related allergic disorders.


RECENT FINDINGS
Air pollutants may impact anatomy and/or physiological functioning of the lung and interrelated systems. Programming effects may result from pollutant-induced shifts in a number of molecular, cellular, and physiological states and their interacting systems. Specific key regulatory systems susceptible to programming may influence lung development and vulnerability to respiratory diseases, including both central and peripheral components of neuroendocrine pathways and autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning which, in turn, influence the immune system. Starting in utero, environmental factors, including air pollutants, may permanently organize these systems toward trajectories of enhanced pediatric (e.g., asthma, allergy) as well as adult disease risk (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Evidence supports a central role of oxidative stress in the toxic effects of air pollution. Additional research suggests xenobiotic metabolism and subcellular components, such as mitochondria are targets of ambient air pollution and play a role in asthma and allergy programming. Mechanisms operating at the level of the placenta are being elucidated. Epigenetic mechanisms may be at the roots of adaptive developmental programming.


SUMMARY
Optimal coordinated functioning of many complex processes and their networks of interaction are necessary for normal lung development and the maintenance of respiratory health. Outdoor air pollution may play an important role in early programming of respiratory health and is potentially amenable to intervention.
Saccade Sequence Prediction: Beyond Static Saliency Maps

Visual attention is a field with a considerable history, with eye movement control and prediction forming an important subfield. Fixation modeling in the past decades has been largely dominated computationally by a number of highly influential bottom-up saliency models, such as the Itti-Koch-Niebur model. The accuracy of such models has dramatically increased recently due to deep learning. However, on static images the emphasis of these models has largely been based on non-ordered prediction of fixations through a saliency map. Very few implemented models can generate temporally ordered human-like sequences of saccades beyond an initial fixation point. Towards addressing these shortcomings we present STAR-FC, a novel multi-saccade generator based on a central/peripheral integration of deep learning-based saliency and lower-level featurebased saliency. We have evaluated our model using the CAT2000 database, successfully predicting human patterns of fixation with equivalent accuracy and quality compared to what can be achieved by using one human sequence to predict another. This is a significant improvement over fixation sequences predicted by state-of-the-art saliency algorithms.