LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Framework for Computation Offloading in Mobile Cloud Computing

— The inherently limited processing power and battery lifetime of mobile phones hinder the possible execution of computationally intensive applications like content-based video analysis or 3D modeling. Offloading of computationally intensive application parts from the mobile platform into a remote cloud infrastructure or nearby idle computers addresses this problem. This paper presents our Mobile Augmentation Cloud Services (MACS) middleware which enables adaptive extension of Android application execution from a mobile client into the cloud. Applications are developed by using the standard Android development pattern. The middleware does the heavy lifting of adaptive application partitioning, resource monitoring and computation offloading. These elastic mobile applications can run as usual mobile application, but they can also use remote computing resources transparently. Two prototype applications using the MACS middleware demonstrate the benefits of the approach. The evaluation shows that applications, which involve costly computations, can benefit from offloading with around 95% energy savings and significant performance gains compared to local execution only. IV. INTRODUCTION ESOURCE-DEMANDING multimedia applications such as 3D video games are being increasingly demanded on smart phones. Even if mobile hardware and mobile networks continue to evolve and to improve, mobile devices will always be resource-poor, less secure, with unstable connectivity, and with constrained energy. Resource poverty is major obstacle for many applications [14]. Therefore, computation on mobile devices will always involve a compromise. For example, on-the-fly editing of video clips on a mobile phone is prohibited by the energy and time consumption. Same performance and functionalities on mobile devices still cannot be obtained as on desktop PCs or even notebooks when dealing with high resource-demanding tasks. Recently, the combination of cloud computing [11], wireless communication infrastructure, ubiquitous computing devices, location-based services, and mobile Web, has laid the foundation for a novel computing model, called mobile cloud computing [9]. It provides to users an online access to unlimited computing power and storage space. The cloud abstracts the complexities of provisioning computation and storage infrastructure. The end user uses them as utility and in reality they can be faraway data center or nearby idle hardware. Offloading has gained big attention in mobile cloud computing research, because it has similar aims as the emerging cloud computing paradigm, i.e. to surmount mobile devices' shortcomings by augmenting their capabilities with external resources. Offloading or augmented execution refers to a technique used to overcome the limitations of mobile phones in terms of computation, memory and battery. Such …
DIMENSIONS OF TRIBAL HEALTH IN INDIA**

The widespread poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition, absence of safe drinking water and sanitary living conditions, poor maternal and child health services and ineffective coverage of national health and nutritional services have been traced out in several studies as possible contributing factors to dismal health conditions prevailing among the tribal population in India. In this article, the author focuses on certain interacting factors lite the infant mortality rate, life expectancy, genetic disorders, sexually transmitted diseases, nutritional status, forest ecology, child health and health care practices which are generally responsible for determining the health status and health behaviour of tribal communities. The tribal population groups of India are known to be the autochthonous people of the land. Tribals are often referred to as ADIVASI, VANYAJATI, VANVASI, PAHARI, ADIMJATI and ANUSUCHIT JAN JATI, the latter being the constitutional name. The concept of tribe emerged in India with the coming of the British. Gradually, the concept of reservation emerged and through that emerged the idea of scheduled tribe in independent India. In India, 427 groups have been recognised as scheduled tribes. They form approximately 8 per cent of the total Indian population. These tribal groups inhabit widety varying ecological and geo-climatic conditions (hilly, forest, desert, etc.) in different concentration throughout the country with different cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds. Due to their remote and isolated living, tribal groups are difficult to reach. There is bewildering variation in population size of the scheduled tribes, ranging from 31 Jarwas of Andaman and Nicobar Islands to more than 7 million Bhils of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat (1981 Census). The highest number of tribes is represented by the State of Orissa (62) and the lowest of Sikkim (2). The largest tribal population around 15.4 million reside in Madhya Pradesh. Seventy four primitive tribal communities have been identified * Senior Professor, FAITH Health Care Pvt Ltd, 57 Nehru Place, New Delhi-110019. ** A lecture delivered at National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi on October 6,1999.
The interactive effect of improvement of vitamin D status and VDR FokI variants on oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized controlled trial

Background/Objectives:The objectives were to evaluate the effects of improvement of vitamin D status on biomarkers of oxidative stress (OS) in type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects and whether vitamin D receptor (VDR)-FokI polymorphisms could modulate the response to vitamin D3 intake.Subjects/Methods:Subjects with T2D were allocated to one of the two groups to receive either plain doogh (PD; containing 150 mg calcium and no vitamin D/250 ml, n1=50) or vitamin D3-fortified doogh (FD; containing 500 IU/250 ml, n1=50) twice a day for 12 weeks. Outcomes were changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), superoxide dismutase, glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA). VDR genotypes in 140 T2D subjects in FD were determined by FokI restriction enzyme.Results:After 12 weeks, serum 25(OH)D increased significantly in FD (from 38.5±202.2 to 72.0±23.5, P<0.001) as compared with PD (from 38.8±22.8 to 33.4±22.8, P=0.28). Comparisons between FD and PD revealed significant differences in changes of serum MDA (−0.54±0.82 μmol/l vs +0.17±1 μmol/l, P<0.001), GSH (+8.4±40.1 ng/l vs −13.1±29.4 ng/l, P=0.002) and TAC (+0.14±0.43 mmol/l  vs +0.02±0.45 mmol/l bovine serum albumin equivalent, P=0.03). Although there was no significant association between FokI genotypes and OS biomarkers, ff variant subgroup showed the weakest response to vitamin D.Conclusions:Improvement of vitamin D status via daily intake of FD ameliorates OS biomarkers in T2D subjects and the interactive effect of FokI genotypes cannot be ruled out.
A World Free of Polio--The Final Steps.

demic transmission of polio caused by wild polioviruses (WPVs) had been interrupted in all countries except Pakistan and Afghanistan. Indeed, the Global Commission for Certification of the Eradication of Poliomyelitis recently certified that type 2 wild poliovirus, one of three strains responsible for centuries of human paralysis and disfigurement, has been eradicated. Type 2 poliovirus now exists only in laboratories and in trivalent oral polio vaccine (tOPV) in an attenuated form, though in rare circumstances it surfaces in the community, through persistent transmission, in the form of outbreaks of vaccine-derived viruses. Getting to this point has not been easy. Sustaining our wins and traversing the last mile of the eradication journey calls for escalation of global immunization activities on an unprecedented scale. Oral polio vaccine (OPV) has been the lynchpin of successful control of paralytic polio. However, in very rare instances, it has been associated with cases of paralysis caused by vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) or circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) — the latter when the viruses included in the vaccine have mutated over time, acquiring the neurovirulence and transmissibility of WPV. For this reason, it is of paramount importance to discontinue the use of OPV after polio eradication has been certified. Since the last case of naturally occurring type 2 WPV in 1999, continued use of OPV2 (the type 2 component of tOPV) has paralyzed an estimated 1600 to 3200 people with VAPP and more than 600 people with type 2 cVDPV.1 Because routine use of type 2–containing vaccine is no longer needed, the global community has a moral imperative to discontinue it as soon as programmatically feasible. Because WPV types 1 and 3 have not yet been eradicated, however, the phased withdrawal of OPV antigens will begin with a shift from tOPV (containing types 1, 2, and 3) to bivalent OPV (bOPV, containing types 1 and 3). Global cessation of OPV2 use poses a low but real risk of outbreaks of cVDPV2 or WPV infections associated with declining immunity to type 2 poliovirus.2 The overarching strategy for reducing this risk is to maximize immunity against type 2 before and after withdrawal of the vaccine and to prepare for an appropriate outbreak response. Doing so requires a comprehensive, multipronged approach (see table). First, it is important to stop A World Free of Polio — The Final Steps
Software configuration management over a global software development environment: lessons learned from a case study

Software configuration management is an important support activity in the software development process. In global environments, the software configuration becomes critical due to the characteristics of the distributed development (physical distance, cultural differences, trust, communication and other factors). The objective of this paper is to analyze the software configuration management in a global software development environment, identifying the main challenges. The results are based on a case study carried on at a multinational organization that has offshore software development centers in Brazil, India and Russia, and was recently recognized in the CMM Model level 2 in the Brazilian unit. The results suggest the necessity to adapt and implement some activities in the software configuration management process addressing the main existing challenges. These activities were identified as lessons learned, collected at the end of each project. The problems and the solutions adopted are presented, aiming to relate these solutions to the organization distribution level, considering the project team, users and customers.
In vitro formation of advanced glycation end products in peritoneal dialysis fluid.

Glycation of proteins in the peritoneum might occur due to the extremely high glucose concentrations (75 to 214 mmol/liter) in the dialysate of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and may be involved in the etiology of ultrafiltration failure. Formation of both early (glycated albumin) and late (advanced glycation end products; AGE, measured as protein-derived fluorescence intensity, FI) Maillard reaction products was studied in vitro in dialysis fluids obtained from seven patients on CAPD and in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) controls paired for glucose and albumin concentrations. Percentage glycated albumin (median, range) increased (P < 0.02) from baseline after 10 and 21 days in both dialysate and PBS but did not differ (P > 0.05) between the two media at any time point (day 0, 3.6, 3.1-4.5 vs. 4.1, 3.0-4.6; day 10, 19.4, 7.9-54.8 vs. 19.1, 8.7-50.1; day 21, 29.0, 12.0-75.6 vs. 30.0, 11.7-69.8). Glycated albumin formation was linearly related to the glucose concentration (r > 0.98, P < 0.001) in both dialysate and PBS at 10 and 21 days. FI (U/g/liter albumin, median, range) increased (P < 0.02) from baseline after 10 and 21 days in dialysate but only after 21 days in PBS; this increase was significantly greater (P < 0.02) in dialysate than in PBS after 10 and 21 days (day 0, 41, 36-46 vs. 42, 37-46; day 10, 99, 88-161 vs. 51, 34-68; day 21, 113, 102-239 vs. 68, 54-91). After 21 days, FI was significantly related to glucose concentration (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) and to % glycated albumin (r = 0.92, P < 0.01) in PBS but not in dialysate (P > 0.05). AGE formation, but not glycation, decreased as a function of the dialysate dwell time and was inhibited by aminoguanidine. Our results demonstrate that formation of AGE products occurs in dialysis fluid and that factors in dialysate can modulate this process.
A Composite Right/Left-Handed Rectangular Waveguide with Tilted Corrugations for Millimeter-wave Frequency Scanning Antenna

A novel structure for a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) corrugated waveguide that operates in the millimeter-wave band is proposed. The CRLH waveguide is comprised of a rectangular waveguide which has tilted corrugations on its bottom broad wall. By operating both above and below the cutoff frequency of the dominant mode, the rectangular waveguide provides, respectively, an inherent series inductance and shunt capacitance, and an inherent shunt inductance, and the tilted corrugations provide a series inductance and capacitance, which can support CRLH propagation. A frequency scanning antenna using this CRLH waveguide was also studied numerically and experimentally. The results demonstrate that the antenna can provide backward-to-forward beam scanning, including the broadside direction. A scanning angle from -9.9 to + 2.2deg was achieved within a 1.8-GHz frequency range in the 60 GHz band.
Modular over-the-wire configurable security for long-lived critical infrastructure monitoring systems

This paper presents a modular, software-based, over-the-wire configurable, end-to-end security architecture for critical infrastructure monitoring systems. The architecture provides mechanisms allowing it to evolve, during operation, over the long lifetimes typically encountered in these systems by allowing security modules to be securely added and replaced at runtime. Our security architecture addresses these systems' need for high-performance secure multi-cast with modules for confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and obfuscation. The variety of available modules provides tradeoffs between performance and security now and for the future. Experimental performance results for various existing modules, in the context of the architecture, are presented. To achieve long system lifetime a secure management system, using protocols based on symmetric-key cryptography, is described.
Interactive technology and human-animal encounters at the zoo

In this paper we investigate social dimensions of technology use in human–animal interactions, through a study of interactive systems at the zoo. Zoos are a familiar place for encounters between humans and non-domesticated animals. Accordingly, we examine zoos as a significant site to extend research into animal–computer interaction (ACI). We present a case study that examines the deployment and use of new digital technologies that intervene in, and influence, human–animal relationships. The paper reports on interactive systems in use at Melbourne Zoo. The study investigates the use and impact of technology in the course of human–animal encounters, including how human use of technology in this setting shapes encounters in subtle ways. We examine five interactive systems used by visitors (Digital Signs and the Zoopermarket), by zoo personnel with visitors (Educator Screens and Volunteer iPads), and by zoo personnel with animals (Apps for Apes). Our work draws broad insights for the design and understanding of animal–human–computer interaction at the zoo, as a catalyst for further research into this site of considerable significance to animalcomputer interaction. We identified four key themes in the ways that interactive systems are intervening in human–animal encounters at the zoo. Firstly, interactive technology at the zoo risks distracting from visitors' encounters with animals. Secondly, the appearance and use of technology moreover runs counter to expectations of naturalistic zoo landscapes. Thirdly, interactive systems however offer opportunities to enhance important aspects of visitors' experience of animal encounters, and to widen the temporal and spatial dimensions of the encounter. Finally, we interpret these insights by examining how technology is used in the context of interactions between numerous human and animal actors, and in a setting impacted by complex social and organisational forces. From this, we identify the need for ACI to consider technology use by diverse people and animals; that multiple interactions may occur at once; the diverse social activities that may surround human–animal interactions; the distributed form of interactions between multiple participants; and the performative nature of some human–animal encounters. & 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Depression and anxiety associated with three pain conditions: results from a nationally representative sample

Investigations of the relationship between pain conditions and psychopathology have largely focused on depression and have been limited by the use of non-representative samples (e.g. clinical samples). The present study utilized data from the Midlife Development in the United States Survey (MIDUS) to investigate associations between three pain conditions and three common psychiatric disorders in a large sample (N = 3,032) representative of adults aged 25-74 in the United States population. MIDUS participants provided reports regarding medical conditions experienced over the past year including arthritis, migraine, and back pain. Participants also completed several diagnostic-specific measures from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form [Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res. 7 (1998) 171], which was based on the revised third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [American Psychiatric Association 1987]. The diagnoses included were depression, panic attacks, and generalized anxiety disorder. Logistic regression analyses revealed significant positive associations between each pain condition and the psychiatric disorders (Odds Ratios ranged from 1.48 to 3.86). The majority of these associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for demographic variables, the other pain conditions, and other medical conditions. Given the emphasis on depression in the pain literature, it was noteworthy that the associations between the pain conditions and the anxiety disorders were generally larger than those between the pain conditions and depression. These findings add to a growing body of evidence indicating that anxiety disorders warrant further attention in relation to pain. The clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.
Later emotional and behavioral problems associated with sleep problems in toddlers: a longitudinal study.

IMPORTANCE
Childhood sleep problems have been linked to a range of adverse health outcomes, but there is limited knowledge as to the temporal association between sleep problems and subsequent emotional and behavioral problems in young children.


OBJECTIVE
To examine whether sleep problems in toddlers aged 18 months are related to both concurrent and subsequent emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children aged 5 years.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
A large population-based longitudinal study was conducted in September 2014 using data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health from June 1, 1999, to December 31, 2008. A total of 32 662 children or pregnancies were included.


EXPOSURES
Sleep was assessed by mother-reported child sleep duration and nocturnal awakenings.


MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Emotional and behavioral problems were measured with items from the Child Behavior Checklist and operationalized according to recommended clinical cutoffs, corresponding to T scores of greater than 65 (93rd percentile). Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated using negative binomial regression, controlling for emotional and behavioral problems at 18 months and other relevant covariates.


RESULTS
Short sleep duration (≤10 hours) in 556 children (1.7%) and frequent nocturnal awakenings (≥3 times) in 1033 children (3.2%) at 18 months significantly predicted both concurrent and later incidence of emotional and behavioral problems at 5 years. The longitudinal RRs were generally larger for internalizing problems, with adjusted RRs of 1.59 (95% CI, 1.23-2.08) for both short sleep duration and 1.57 (95% CI, 1.28-1.93) for nocturnal awakenings; RRs for externalizing problems were 1.77 (95% CI, 1.37-2.30) and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.00-1.58), respectively. Additional adjustment for emotional and behavioral problems at 18 months slightly reduced the strength of these associations, and all RRs remained significant in the fully adjusted models.


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Early sleep problems predict later development of emotional and behavioral problems. Intervention studies are needed to examine whether sleep programs targeting early childhood may avert the onset of later adverse outcomes.
No Positive Association between Vitamin D Level and Immune Responses to Hepatitis B and Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccination in HIV-Infected Adults

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels are associated with subsequent better immune responses to hepatitis B and Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination in HIV-infected patients.


METHODS
25OHD was measured on stored baseline plasma samples from two randomized vaccine trials in HIV-infected adults: the ANRS HB03 VIHVAC B trial and an immunological sub-study of the ANRS 114-PNEUMOVAC trial. In ANRS HB03 VIHVAC B, participants received three or four doses of recombinant HBV vaccine strategies. Anti-HBs IgG titers were measured four weeks after the last injection. Associations between baseline 25OHD levels and ordered IgG response categories were analyzed in multivariable proportional odds models. In the ANRS 114-PNEUMOVAC sub-study, two strategies of pneumococcal vaccination were tested, cellular immune responses were measured at repeated time points, and IgG responses four weeks after the last vaccine injection. Exploratory statistical analyses were performed on this sub-study data set.


RESULTS
Three hundred and thirty-nine ANRS HB03 VIHVAC B and 25 ANRS 114-PNEUMOVAC sub-study participants were included in the analyses. Median age in each of the two studies was 43 years, 68% were male, and 77-92% on antiretroviral treatment. Median 25OHD level was 18 ng/mL (IQR: 12-25) and 24 ng/mL (IQR: 13-32) in the two trial populations, respectively. In the multivariable model, there was no significant association between baseline 25OHD level and vaccine responses in ANRS HB03 VIHVAC B (proportional odds ratio 0.83 per 10 ng/mL 25OHD increase; 95% confidence interval 0.65-1.07, p = 0.14). Exploratory analyses of ANRS 114-PNEUMOVAC showed consistent results.


CONCLUSION
This study does not support a positive association between 25OHD and immune responses to hepatitis B or pneumococcal vaccination in HIV-infected patients.