LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Deep Tracking on the Move: Learning to Track the World from a Moving Vehicle using Recurrent Neural Networks

This paper presents an end-to-end approach for tracking static and dynamic objects for an autonomous vehicle driving through crowded urban environments. Unlike traditional approaches to tracking, this method is learned end-to-end, and is able to directly predict a full unoccluded occupancy grid map from raw laser input data. Inspired by the recently presented DeepTracking approach ([1], [2]), we employ a recurrent neural network (RNN) to capture the temporal evolution of the state of the environment, and propose to use Spatial Transformer modules to exploit estimates of the egomotion of the vehicle. Our results demonstrate the ability to track a range of objects, including cars, buses, pedestrians, and cyclists through occlusion, from both moving and stationary platforms, using a single learned model. Experimental results demonstrate that the model can also predict the future states of objects from current inputs, with greater accuracy than previous work.
The efficacy of an integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique on upper trapezius trigger points in subjects with non-specific neck pain: a randomized controlled trial.

Currently, large levels of practice variability exist regarding the clinical deactivation of trigger points. Manual physical therapy has been identified as a potential means of resolving active trigger points; however, to date the ideal treatment approach has yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this clinical trial was to compare the effects of two manual treatment regimens on individuals with upper trapezius trigger points. Sixty patients, 19-38 years of age with non-specific neck pain and upper trapezius trigger points, were randomized into one of two, 4 week physical therapy programs. One group received muscle energy techniques while the second group received an integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique (INIT) consisting of muscle energy techniques, ischemic compression, and strain-counterstrain (SCS). Outcomes including a visual analog pain scale (VAS), the neck disability index (NDI), and lateral cervical flexion range of motion (ROM) were collected at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks after the initiation of therapy. Results revealed large pre-post-effect sizes within the INIT group (Cohen's d  =  0.97, 0.94 and 0.97). Additionally, significantly greater improvements in pain and neck disability and lateral cervical flexion ROM were detected in favor of the INIT group (0.29-0.57, 0.57-1.12 and 0.29-0.57) at a 95% CI respectively. The findings of this study indicate the potential benefit of an integrated approach in deactivating upper trapezius trigger points. Further research should be performed to investigate the long-term benefits of the current treatment approach.
Participation: A Religious Worldview

This essay is an experimental project. It proposes that the theme of participation issues in an insightful, distinctive, comprehensive, and coherent interpretation of human experience. My personal history is a test case.
Heliomote: enabling long-lived sensor networks through solar energy harvesting

The crucial need for long-lived and autonomous operation has elevated power and energy consumption to primary optimization metrics during wireless sensor network design. While most work in the field of power management and low-power design has focused on optimizing the energy consumer (i.e., the sensor node, including its hardware, software, applications, and network protocols), very little work has targeted the energy supply system itself. A practical approach to alleviating the problem of limited battery resources in sensor nodes is the use of environmental energy harvesting. Solar energy harvesting, in particular, holds significant promise since photovoltaic conversion techniques are now mature enough to permit the development of cheap and small, yet reasonably efficient, solar panels. Our demonstration showcases our recent research in designing solar energy harvesting systems, as well as harvesting aware performance scaling algorithms and network protocols [1].
Ultra low power CH4 monitoring with wireless sensors

We propose a novel method to reveal and measure natural gas presence in air, using commercial off the self MOX gas sensors in wireless sensor networks. This technique reduces the power consumed by the catalytic sensors of a factor 10x, by performing an analysis on a reduced sampled period and thus extending the autonomy of battery powered system. The information about the gas concentration is derived from the sensor transient response through a discrete cosine transform (DCT) analysis. This permits to immediately discriminate between clean air and hazardous situations. The characterization of the sensing device has been conducted using a range of humidity conditions to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Two different duty cycle rates are characterized and simulated to demonstrate that it is possible to achieve up to 75 weeks of autonomy using commercial wireless sensor nodes, each powered by two AA batteries.
Management of patients with fibromyalgia using biofeedback: a randomized control trial.

OBJECTIVE
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic rheumatological condition which could be characterized by generalized pain and fatigue. Cognitive and behavioral therapy has been found to be a suitable technique in the management of FMS. This study intends to evaluate the efficacy of electromyography (EMG) biofeedback to reduce pain in patients with FMS.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
A randomized controlled trial involving two groups of FMS patients, one receiving EMG biofeedback and the other a sham biofeedback, was carried out. The assessment tools included in the study were fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ), visual analogue scale (VAS), six-minute walk test (SMWT) and number of tender points; and tenderness of each tender point was done for both the groups.


STATISTICS
A Student's 't' test was used to study the test for significance.


RESULTS
After using biofeedback, the mean VAS scores and the mean number of tender points were found to be 3 out of 10 and 6 out of 18 respectively. Subjective analysis from both groups showed improvement in physical and psychological realms. Statistical significance.


CONCLUSION
Biofeedback as a treatment modality reduces pain in patients with FMS, along with improvements in FIQ, SMWT and the number of tender points.
Erratum to: Groupoids, the Phragmen–Brouwer property, and the Jordan curve theorem

We publicise a proof of the Jordan Curve Theorem which relates it to the Phragmen-Brouwer Property, and whose proof uses the van Kampen theorem for the fundamental groupoid on a set of base points.
New nonperturbative approach to the Debye mass in hot QCD

Abstract The Debye mass m D is computed nonperturbatively in the deconfined phase of QCD, where chromomagnetic confinement is known to be present. The latter defines m D to be m D = c D σ s , where c D ≅ 2.06 and σ s = σ s ( T ) is the spatial string tension. The resulting magnitude of m D ( T ) and temperature dependence are in good agreement with lattice calculations. Background perturbation theory expansion for m D ( T ) is discussed in comparison to standard perturbative results and recent gauge-invariant definitions.
Attacking Binarized Neural Networks

Neural networks with low-precision weights and activations offer compelling efficiency advantages over their full-precision equivalents. The two most frequently discussed benefits of quantization are reduced memory consumption, and a faster forward pass when implemented with efficient bitwise operations. We propose a third benefit of very low-precision neural networks: improved robustness against some adversarial attacks, and in the worst case, performance that is on par with full-precision models. We focus on the very low-precision case where weights and activations are both quantized to ±1, and note that stochastically quantizing weights in just one layer can sharply reduce the impact of iterative attacks. We observe that non-scaled binary neural networks exhibit a similar effect to the original defensive distillation procedure that led to gradient masking, and a false notion of security. We address this by conducting both black-box and white-box experiments with binary models that do not artificially mask gradients.1
Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed children and adolescents: meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND
It is unclear how many children and adolescents develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after trauma.


AIMS
To determine the incidence of PTSD in trauma-exposed children and adolescents as assessed with well-established diagnostic interviews and to examine potential moderators of the estimate.


METHOD
A systematic literature search identified 72 peer-reviewed articles on 43 independent samples (n = 3563). Samples consisting only of participants seeking or receiving mental health treatment were excluded. Main analyses involved pooled incidence estimates and meta-analyses of variance.


RESULTS
The overall rate of PTSD was 15.9% (95% CI 11.5-21.5), which varied according to the type of trauma and gender. Least at risk were boys exposed to non-interpersonal trauma (8.4%, 95% CI 4.7-14.5), whereas girls exposed to interpersonal trauma showed the highest rate (32.9%, 95% CI 19.8-49.3). No significant difference was found for the choice of assessment interview or the informant of the assessment.


CONCLUSIONS
Research conducted with the best available assessment instruments shows that a significant minority of children and adolescents develop PTSD after trauma exposure, with those exposed to interpersonal trauma and girls at particular risk. The estimates provide a benchmark for DSM-5 and ICD-11.
Evaluating DoS Attacks against Sip-Based VoIP Systems

The multimedia communication is rapidly converging towards Voice over Internet – commonly known as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is the standard used for session signaling in VoIP. Crafty attackers can launch a number of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks on a SIP based VoIP infrastructure that can severely compromise its reliability. In contrast, little work is done to analyze the robustness and reliability of SIP severs under DoS attacks. In this paper, we show that the robustness and reliability of generic SIP servers is inadequate than commonly perceived. We have done our study using a customized analysis tool that has the ability to synthesize and launch different types of attacks. We have integrated the tool in a real SIP test bed environment to measure the performance of SIP servers. Our measurements show that a standard SIP server can be easily overloaded by sending simple call requests. We define the performance metrics to measure the effects of flooding attacks on real time services VoIP in SIP environment – and show the results on different SIP server implementations. Our results also provide insight into resources’ usage by SIP servers under flooding attacks. Moreover, we show that how a well known open source SIP server can be crashed through ‘INVITE of Death’ a malformed SIP packet maliciously crafted by our tool.
A new classification scheme of science fields and subfields designed for scientometric evaluation purposes

A two-level hierarchic system of fields and subfields of the sciences, social sciences and arts and humanities is proposed. The system was specifically designed for scientometric (evaluation) purposes with the ultimate goal of classifying every single document into a well-defined category. This goal was achieved using a three-step iterative process. The basic concepts and some preliminary results are presented.
Time to initiation of treatment with polymyxin B cartridge hemoperfusion in septic shock patients.

BACKGROUND
We investigated whether early initiation of hemoperfusion with a polymyxin B cartridge (PMX) after the diagnosis of septic shock could improve the clinical outcome.


METHODS
A prospective, open-labeled, multicenter cohort study was performed at intensive care units in Japan. 41 patients received PMX within 6 h after the diagnosis of septic shock (early group) and 51 patients were treated after 6 h (late group).


RESULTS
The early group had a significantly shorter duration of ventilator support and also had a lower catecholamine requirement. PMX was effective for improvement of hypotension, hypoperfusion, the sequential organ failure assessment score, and pulmonary oxygenation regardless of the timing of its initiation. The 28-day mortality rate did not differ between the two groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Early initiation of PMX shortened the duration of ventilator support and also reduced the catecholamine requirement, so early treatment of septic shock should achieve a better outcome.
An assessment of anxiety levels in dyslexic students in higher education.

BACKGROUND
It has long been hypothesized that children with learning disabilities, including dyslexia, may be highly vulnerable to emotional consequences such as anxiety. However, research has centred on school-aged children.


AIMS
The present study aimed to clarify these findings with dyslexic students in higher education.


SAMPLES
Sixteen students with dyslexia were compared with 16 students with no history of learning difficulties.


METHODS
Students were asked to complete a written questionnaire concerning trait anxiety levels. They were then told that they would be given a timed reading test and their state anxiety levels were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1983). Finally, their reading was assessed using the Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE; Torgesen, Wagner, & Rashotte, 1999).


RESULTS
Dyslexic students showed slower reading speeds than controls. They also had higher levels of state anxiety and elevated levels of academic and social, but not appearance, anxiety.


CONCLUSIONS
Dyslexic students in higher education show anxiety levels that are well above what is shown by students without learning difficulties. This anxiety is not limited to academic tasks but extends to many social situations. It is proposed that assessment of emotional well-being should form part of the assessment of need for dyslexic students entering higher education.
Analyzing Tools for Biomedical Text Annotation with Multiple Ontologies

Textual databases such as PubMed, which contain references to scientific articles, are a major source for the extraction of useful information, since many scientific discoveries are deposited only in text form. However, due to the massive size of these bases, computational approaches are needed to extract information from texts. Currently, PubMed has more than 20 million citations from biomedical literature. Ontology-based semantic annotation is an approach that aims to enrich the text with semantic descriptions and thereby facilitating the extraction of information based on semantic content embedded there. The ontologies used are usually focused on one domain. However, scientific articles often deal with different areas. For example, texts whose theme is about drug targets have references on molecular biology, pharmacology, chemical compounds and organism names. This suggests that the semantic annotation has to be done with multiple ontologies, to cover all or most of the domains of the text. Our motivation to annotate semantically with multiple ontologies is to be able to identify extra annotations that would be made manually. For example, let us imagine that in a text it is annotated the name of a gene with the Gene Ontology, the organism with NCBITaxon and the pharmacogenomic relationship of interest (such as the knockout technique) with the PHARE ontology. Realizing that the text mentions the knockout technique applied to the gene G of the organism O, causes its death, it would be useful then to annotate manually that G is essential for O. To support semantic annotations, there are many tools available all over the web. This paper aims to identify and compare these tools, focusing on texts and ontologies in the biomedical area using two of main characteristics: 1) form of annotation and 2) flexibility in the ontology load. The form of annotation can be automatic or manual. In this study, we investigated automated tools to check if they have the option of manual annotation. The selection of only automatic tools is due to the large volume of texts and also because of the difficulty and high cost to keep specialists responsible for the task of manual annotation. The manual annotation additional feature is important because it would be used to insert extra annotation. With respect to the load flexibility of ontologies, some items are observed such as the size and format of the ontologies and the possibility of using an arbitrary ontology (a user choice). The utilization …
Toward a complexity theory of information systems development

Purpose – Existing literature acknowledges information systems development (ISD) to be a complex activity. This complexity is magnified by the continuous changes in user requirements due to changing organizational needs in changing external competitive environments. Research findings show that, if this increasing complexity is not managed appropriately, information systems fail. The paper thus aims to portray the sources of complexity related to ISD and to suggest the use of complexity theory as a frame of reference, analyzing its implications on information system design and development to deal with the emergent nature of IS. Design/methodology/approach – Conceptual analysis and review of relevant literature. Findings – This article provides a conceptual model explaining how top-down “official” and bottom-up “emergent” co-evolutionary adaptations of information systems design with changing user requirements will result in more effective system design and operation. At the heart of this model are seven first principles of adaptive success drawn from foundational biological and social science theory: adaptive tension, requisite complexity, change rate, modular design, positive feedback, causal intricacy, and coordination rhythm. These principles, translated into the ISD context, outline how IS professionals can use them to better enable the co-evolutionary adaptation of ISD projects to changing stakeholder interests and broader environmental changes. Originality/value – This paper considers and recognizes the different sources of complexity related to ISD before suggesting how they could be better dealt with. It develops a framework for change to deal with the emergent nature of ISD and enable more expeditious co-evolutionary adaptation.
A Replication Manifesto

Replication is one of the main principles of the scientific method. The social sciences, and in particular the information systems discipline, has lagged behind the physical sciences which have more established traditions of independently replicating studies from other labs. In this essay, we outline the need for replication in the information systems discipline, identifying three possible approaches for executing such studies. There are numerous benefits to the discipline from embracing and valuing replication research. Replication will either improve confidence in our research findings or identify important boundary conditions. Replications also enhance various scientific processes and offer methodical and educational improvements. Collectively, these benefits will help the information systems discipline mature and prosper.
Visibility of mandibular anatomical landmarks in panoramic radiography: A retrospective study

Aims: To determine the frequency, visibility and gender variations of mental foramen (foramen mentale), incisive canal, anterior loop of mental nerve, and mandibular canal (canal mandibulaire) in different age groups. Materials and Methods: The study was done in 179 orthopantomograms (OPG) which were taken using Digital Orthophos XG machine. The anatomical landmarks such as mandibular canal, mental foramen, anterior loop of mental nerve, and incisive canal were analyzed in the radiographs and scores were recorded. Results: According to a sample size of 179, the mandibular canal was visible in 98%. In 16% of the cases, with 14% poor perceptibility anterior looping of the mental nerve was visible. The mental foramen showed good visibility in 51%. In 23% of the cases, the incisive canal was observed. Chi-square test was done which showed the statistical difference with a P < 0.05 existed between appearance of mandibular canal and age and difference in P values in males and females in their visibility based on the sample size. Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs provided sufficient information for mental foramen and mandibular canal. But for better visualization, detection of structures in between for aminal region and for performing surgery for implant placement in this region it may require to be replaced with three-dimensional imaging like cone-beam computed tomography.
Learning the Latent “Look”: Unsupervised Discovery of a Style-Coherent Embedding from Fashion Images

What defines a visual style? Fashion styles emerge organically from how people assemble outfits of clothing, making them difficult to pin down with a computational model. Low-level visual similarity can be too specific to detect stylistically similar images, while manually crafted style categories can be too abstract to capture subtle style differences. We propose an unsupervised approach to learn a style-coherent representation. Our method leverages probabilistic polylingual topic models based on visual attributes to discover a set of latent style factors. Given a collection of unlabeled fashion images, our approach mines for the latent styles, then summarizes outfits by how they mix those styles. Our approach can organize galleries of outfits by style without requiring any style labels. Experiments on over 100K images demonstrate its promise for retrieving, mixing, and summarizing fashion images by their style.
On stepwise pattern recovery of the fused Lasso

We study the property of the Fused Lasso Signal Approximator (FLSA) for estimating a blocky signal sequence with additive noise. We transform the FLSA to an ordinary Lasso problem, and find that in general the resulting design matrix does not satisfy the irrepresentable condition that is known as an almost necessary and sufficient condition for exact pattern recovery. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on the expected signal pattern such that the irrepresentable condition holds in the transformed Lasso problem. However, these conditions turn out to be very restrictive. We apply the newly developed preconditioning method — Puffer Transformation (Jia and Rohe, 2015) to the transformed Lasso and call the new procedure the preconditioned fused Lasso. We give nonasymptotic results for this method, showing that as long as the signal-to-noise ratio is not too small, our preconditioned fused Lasso estimator always recovers the correct pattern with high probability. Theoretical results give insight into what controls the ability of recovering the pattern — it is the noise level instead of the length of the signal sequence. Simulations further confirm our theorems and visualize the significant improvement of the preconditioned fused Lasso estimator over the vanilla FLSA in exact pattern recovery. © 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.