LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF LIGHT VEHICLE CRASHES AND PRE-CRASH SCENARIOS BASED ON THE 2000 GENERAL ESTIMATES SYSTEM

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Changes in quality of life in patients with breast cancer.

AIM
To describe and compare changes in quality of life in two groups of patients with breast cancer and to identify factors predicting negative changes in quality of life within six months.


BACKGROUND
Women with breast cancer suffer from various treatment side-effects, from psychological and social symptoms as well as decreased quality of life, creating a need for support that may persist throughout the breast cancer experience.


DESIGN
This six-month longitudinal study involved a sample of 164 women, who were quasi-randomized between intervention (n = 85) and control groups (n = 79) after breast cancer surgery. Intervention group received support and education via telephone one week after the breast cancer surgery and face-to-face support six months after the surgery. Quality of life was estimated one week and six months after breast cancer surgery, using the Quality of Life Index-Cancer Version (QLI-CV) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Breast Cancer-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-BR23).


METHOD
Data were analysed statistically using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests. Factors predicting negative changes in quality of life within six months were investigated using logistic regression models with the enter method.


RESULTS
Significant group difference in the magnitude of changes within six months was found in future outlook. Logistic regression analyses revealed six significant predictors of negative changes in quality of life within six months: education, employment status, having underaged children, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy.


CONCLUSION
The results of this study underline the importance of identifying quality of life changes in patients with breast cancer and paying attention to those women with difficulties in adapting to being a cancer survivor.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
The findings of this study provide evidence which may help to create appropriate supportive interventions for both acute and long-term settings.
Novel eco-friendly synthesis of titanium oxide nanoparticles by using Planomicrobium sp. and its antimicrobial evaluation

Synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticles using optimized biomass of Planomicr obium sp., which is isolated from melted ice. Herein, the TiO2 exhibited maximum absorbance peak at 400 nm in UV V is spectroscopy. The XRD spectrum shows the nature of the nanoparticles and the crystalline size of the nanoparticles measured using Debye-Sch rer equation was used to particle size range from 8.89 nm. SEM i mage shows the shape of the nanoparticles. The FTIR confirmed the existence of protein as the stabilizing agent o f he TiO2 particles. The nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial microbial activity against B.Subtilis, K.planticola , nd A.niger.The ecofridely cost effective method was involving in this synthesis of nanoparticles.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Virtual Reality-Graded Exposure Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Active Duty Service Members with Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Abstract Virtual reality (VR)-based therapy has emerged as a potentially useful means to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but randomized studies have been lacking for Service Members from Iraq or Afghanistan. This study documents a small, randomized, controlled trial of VR-graded exposure therapy (VR-GET) versus treatment as usual (TAU) for PTSD in Active Duty military personnel with combat-related PTSD. Success was gauged according to whether treatment resulted in a 30 percent or greater improvement in the PTSD symptom severity as assessed by the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) after 10 weeks of treatment. Seven of 10 participants improved by 30 percent or greater while in VR-GET, whereas only 1 of the 9 returning participants in TAU showed similar improvement. This is a clinically and statistically significant result (χ(2) = 6.74, p < 0.01, relative risk 3.2). Participants in VR-GET improved an average of 35 points on the CAPS, whereas those in TAU averaged a 9-point improvement (p < 0.05). The results are limited by small size, lack of blinding, a single therapist, and comparison to a relatively uncontrolled usual care condition, but did show VR-GET to be a safe and effective treatment for combat-related PTSD.
Relation between myocardial function and expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase in failing and nonfailing human myocardium.

Expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase was shown to be reduced in failing human myocardium. The functional relevance of this finding, however, is not known. We investigated the relation between myocardial function and protein levels of SR Ca(2+)-ATPase in nonfailing human myocardium (8 muscle strips from 4 hearts) and in myocardium from end-stage failing hearts with dilated (10 muscle strips from 9 hearts) or ischemic (7 muscle strips from 5 hearts) cardiomyopathy. Myocardial function was evaluated by the force-frequency relation in isometrically contracting muscle strip preparations (37 degrees C, 30 to 180 min-1). In nonfailing myocardium, twitch tension rose with increasing rates of stimulation and was 76% higher at 120 min-1 compared with 30 min-1 (P < .02). In failing myocardium, there was no significant increase in average tension at stimulation rates above 30 min-1. At 120 min-1, twitch tension was decreased by 59% (P < .05) in dilated cardiomyopathy and 76% (P < .05) in ischemic cardiomyopathy compared with nonfailing myocardium. Protein levels of SR Ca(2+)-ATPase, normalized per total protein or per myosin, were reduced by 36% (P < .02) or 32% (P < .05), respectively, in failing compared with nonfailing myocardium. SR Ca(2+)-ATPase protein levels were closely related to SR Ca2+ uptake, measured in homogenates from the same hearts (r = .70, n = 16, and P < .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Isolation and culture of hepatocytes from the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

Isolation and culture techniques for hepatocytes from whole livers of the cynomolgus monkey,Macaca fascicularis, are described. Hepatocytes were isolated by two-step perfusion of livers, using collagenase with hyaluronidase; fructose and trypsin inhibitor were included to reduce cell loss. Yields from a single liver average 4×109 cells with viabilities of 90.8±5.7%. Cells, plated on collagen substrates, were assessed for changes in morphology and various marker enzyme activities over a period of 7 d in culture. Cells exhibited a morphology similar to that observed for this species in vivo; little change in attached and spread cells was observed over the length of time monitored. Enzyme activities for catalase, succinate dehydrogenase, and tyrosine aminotransferase were observed to decrease significantly (though considerable activity remained), whereas acid phosphatase and 5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterase remained unchange. Activity of cytochrome P-450 reductase was observed to increase slightly for the first 2 d, then decrease to about 60% of initial levels. Activity of α-mannosidase was stable for 4 d but was observed to be increased at Day 7. Cells were observed to retain metabolic responsiveness demonstrated by glucose production by both gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in response to glucagon stimulation. The monkey hepatocytes obtained by methods described here thus retain hepatocellular morphology and activity through at least 1 wk in culture without medium or culture modification.
Bmp4 from the optic vesicle specifies murine retina formation.

Previous studies of mouse embryos concluded that after the optic vesicle evaginates from the ventral forebrain and contacts the surface ectoderm, signals from the ectoderm specify the distal region of the optic vesicle to become retina and signals from the optic vesicle induce the lens. Germline deletion of Bmp4 resulted in failure of lens formation. We performed conditional deletion of Bmp4 from the optic vesicle to test the function of Bmp4 in murine eye development. The optic vesicle evaginated normally and contacted the surface ectoderm. Lens induction did not occur. The optic cup failed to form and the expression of retina-specific genes decreased markedly in the distal optic vesicle. Instead, cells in the prospective retina expressed genes characteristic of the retinal pigmented epithelium. We conclude that Bmp4 is required for retina specification in mice. In the absence of Bmp4, formation of the retinal pigmented epithelium is the default differentiation pathway of the optic vesicle. Differences in the signaling pathways required for specification of the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium in chicken and mouse embryos suggest major changes in signaling during the evolution of the vertebrate eye.
Hawk Eyes I: Diurnal Raptors Differ in Visual Fields and Degree of Eye Movement

BACKGROUND
Different strategies to search and detect prey may place specific demands on sensory modalities. We studied visual field configuration, degree of eye movement, and orbit orientation in three diurnal raptors belonging to the Accipitridae and Falconidae families.


METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
We used an ophthalmoscopic reflex technique and an integrated 3D digitizer system. We found inter-specific variation in visual field configuration and degree of eye movement, but not in orbit orientation. Red-tailed Hawks have relatively small binocular areas (∼33°) and wide blind areas (∼82°), but intermediate degree of eye movement (∼5°), which underscores the importance of lateral vision rather than binocular vision to scan for distant prey in open areas. Cooper's Hawks' have relatively wide binocular fields (∼36°), small blind areas (∼60°), and high degree of eye movement (∼8°), which may increase visual coverage and enhance prey detection in closed habitats. Additionally, we found that Cooper's Hawks can visually inspect the items held in the tip of the bill, which may facilitate food handling. American Kestrels have intermediate-sized binocular and lateral areas that may be used in prey detection at different distances through stereopsis and motion parallax; whereas the low degree eye movement (∼1°) may help stabilize the image when hovering above prey before an attack.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that: (a) there are between-species differences in visual field configuration in these diurnal raptors; (b) these differences are consistent with prey searching strategies and degree of visual obstruction in the environment (e.g., open and closed habitats); (c) variations in the degree of eye movement between species appear associated with foraging strategies; and (d) the size of the binocular and blind areas in hawks can vary substantially due to eye movements. Inter-specific variation in visual fields and eye movements can influence behavioral strategies to visually search for and track prey while perching.
A technique for filling the temples with highly diluted hyaluronic acid: the "dilution solution".

BACKGROUND
Hollow temples are a common sign of aging, contributing to the upper face appearing "pinched" and the brows appearing short and ptotic. Many treatments have been described for this area, including fat injections and implants. However, traditional injection techniques have not proven entirely satisfactory in correcting the problem without resulting irregularities.


OBJECTIVES
The author describes a technical refinement wherein diluted hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are injected into the temple.


METHODS
Thus far, a series of 40 patients has been treated over 18 months with the author's technique, which involves diluting the HA filler by a ratio of approximately two to one (diluent to filler) and injecting the temple as evenly as possible. As the saline component absorbs, the filling material is distributed more evenly in the temple than with undiluted filler.


RESULTS
Patients experienced improved results, with a smoother appearance to the brow. There were no instances of complications requiring dissolution of the product with hyaluronidase. Irregularities proved minor and easily correctable; no intravascular complications were noted in this series of patients. Clinical photographs demonstrate improvement in the "pinched" upper face and an apparent elongation of the brows. The author estimates, based on prior experience, that duration of effect will be approximately two to three years.


CONCLUSIONS
Dilution of the HA fillers administered for brow treatment results in a more even distribution of the product and a lower morbidity than previously described techniques, making temple treatment far easier than in the past.
Differential effect of baclofen on cortical and spinal inhibitory circuits

OBJECTIVE
The cutaneous silent period (SP) is a spinal inhibitory reflex, which suppresses activity in spinal motor nuclei. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) elicits a cortical SP, which represents GABA(B) receptor-mediated inhibition of cortical excitability. Baclofen as a strong GABA(B) agonist effectively reduces muscle hypertonia, however, it is not known whether intrathecal baclofen (ITB) may modulate spinal inhibitory circuits.


METHODS
We evaluated clinical and neurophysiological effects of ITB in ten patients with severe spasticity due to spinal cord injury (n = 9) and chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (n = 1). Neurophysiological assessment included H reflex and cutaneous and cortical SPs, before and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after ITB bolus administration.


RESULTS
ITB suppressed soleus H reflex as early as 15 min after lumbar bolus injection; MAS scores declined after 1 h. Cortical SP end latency and duration increased progressively with a significant maximum 3h following ITB bolus, whereas cutaneous SP latency and duration did not change significantly.


CONCLUSION
The present findings suggest that baclofen does not affect the cutaneous SP, but prolongs the cortical SP.


SIGNIFICANCE
The spinal inhibitory circuitry of the cutaneous SP is not modulated by GABA(B) receptor-mediated activity, in contrast to the cortical inhibitory circuitry of the cortical SP, which is subject to powerful GABA(B) control.
Post-collisional Permian volcanism in northwestern Corsica: an assessment based on mineralogy and trace-element geochemistry

Abstract Within the Western Mediterranean Permo-Triassic province, the Scandola-Senino area represents one of the best sites for the study of the successive volcanic episodes and their relationships. With this purpose, new mineralogical and geochemical data on basic and intermediate rocks are presented. The first volcanic episode, including andesites, dacites, and rhyolitic ignimbrites of Early Permian age, is calc-alkaline with a strong LILE enrichment, particularly in K, U and Th. Andesite evolution is controlled by fractional crystallization with an important crustal component. Subsequent permian volcanism corresponds to the emplacement of bimodal volcanic products (basalt-ignimbritic rhyolite) into a caldera structure. The basalts are interpreted as derived from a mantle source still modified by subduction component. The last volcanic episode is represented by doleritic dykes derived from a within plate or OIB-type source devoid of any arc signature (no Ta anomaly). Permian magmatism in Corsica is interpreted as the progressive fading-out of an arc-signature in favour of a primitive mantle source. The magmatic features and the structural setting agree with an inferred post-orogenic geotectonic regime during the period between the Hercynian and Early Alpine orogenic events.
Fontolizumab, a humanised anti-interferon gamma antibody, demonstrates safety and clinical activity in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease.

INTRODUCTION
Interferon gamma is a potent proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the inflammation of Crohn's disease (CD). We evaluated the safety and efficacy of fontolizumab, a humanised anti-interferon gamma antibody, in patients with moderate to severe CD.


METHODS
A total of 133 patients with Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) scores between 250 and 450, inclusive, were randomised to receive placebo or fontolizumab 4 or 10 mg/kg. Forty two patients received one dose and 91 patients received two doses on days 0 and 28. Investigators and patients were unaware of assignment. Study end points were safety, clinical response (decrease in CDAI of 100 points or more), and remission (CDAI < or =150).


RESULTS
There was no statistically significant difference in the primary end point of the study (clinical response) between the fontolizumab and placebo groups after a single dose at day 28. However, patients receiving two doses of fontolizumab demonstrated doubling in response rate at day 56 compared with placebo: 32% (9/28) versus 69% (22/32, p = 0.02) and 67% (21/31, p = 0.03) for the placebo, and 4 and 10 mg/kg fontolizumab groups, respectively. Stratification according to elevated baseline C reactive protein levels resulted in a decreased placebo response and pronounced differences in clinical benefit. Two grade 3 adverse events were reported and were considered to be related to CD. One death (during sleep) and one serious adverse event (an elective hospitalisation) occurred, both considered unrelated.


CONCLUSION
Treating active CD with fontolizumab was well tolerated and resulted in increased rates of clinical response and remission compared with placebo.
Hospital volume and quality of laparoscopic gastrectomy in Japan.

BACKGROUND
Laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) has become the prevailing surgery of choice for gastric cancer, but the impact of hospital volume or operating room (OR) time has not been evaluated. An observational study was conducted to assess the quality of LG based on hospital volume and OR time.


METHODS
3,054 LG patients were enrolled in 420 hospitals throughout Japan. Analyzed variables included patient demographics, complications, use of stapling devices or chemotherapy, hospital volume, and teaching status. Hospitals were categorized into high- (>or=4 LG per month), intermediate- (1-3) and low- (<1) volume hospitals. Multivariate analysis was used to measure hospital volume and OR time impact.


RESULTS
259 laparoscopic total gastrectomies (LTGs) were performed. Complications were observed in 269 cases (8.8%). High-volume hospitals treated less severe cases. OR time, but not hospital volume, was associated with complications. Hospital volume, teaching status and stapling devices explained variations in OR time.


CONCLUSION
OR time was a more significant predictor of complications than hospital volume. OR time was consumed more in the employment of stapling devices and LTG. To promote LG efficiency, training curricula highlighting the applicability of these techniques should be considered by clinical experts.
Impact of machine-type communications on energy and delay performance of random access channel in LTE-advanced

Machine-type communications (MTC) are a rapidly growing technology, which is expected to generate significant revenues to mobile network operators. In particular, smart grid is predicted to become one of the key MTC use cases that involves unattended meters autonomously reporting information to a grid infrastructure. With this research, we consider a typical smart metering MTC application scenario in the context of 3GPP LTE-advanced wireless cellular system featuring a large number of devices connecting to the network near-simultaneously. The resulting overload of the random access channel requires a novel evaluation methodology based on comprehensive analysis and simulations. In this paper, we target to complement a validated evaluation framework fully compatible with the 3GPP test cases with a thorough analysis of random access channel performance in overloaded MTC scenarios. We also look at the regular MTC operation, when the devices are sending their data after initial network entry has been performed. By including energy consumption into our methodology together with the conventional performance metrics, we aim at providing a complete and unified insight into MTC device operation, including its energy efficiency. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. *Correspondence M. Gerasimenko, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 1, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland. E-mail: mikhail.gerasimenko@tut.fi Received 12 October 2012; Revised 19 December 2012; Accepted 31 January 2013
Untargeted effects of ionizing radiation: implications for radiation pathology.

The dogma that genetic alterations are restricted to directly irradiated cells has been challenged by observations in which effects of ionizing radiation, characteristically associated with the consequences of energy deposition in the cell nucleus, arise in non-irradiated cells. These, so called, untargeted effects are demonstrated in cells that have received damaging signals produced by irradiated cells (radiation-induced bystander effects) or that are the descendants of irradiated cells (radiation-induced genomic instability). Radiation-induced genomic instability is characterized by a number of delayed adverse responses including chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations and cell death. Similar effects, as well as responses that may be regarded as protective, have been attributed to bystander mechanisms. Whilst the majority of studies to date have used in vitro systems, some adverse non-targeted effects have been demonstrated in vivo. However, at least for haemopoietic tissues, radiation-induced genomic instability in vivo may not necessarily be a reflection of genomically unstable cells. Rather the damage may reflect responses to ongoing production of damaging signals; i.e. bystander responses, but not in the sense used to describe the rapidly induced effects resulting from direct interaction of irradiated and non-irradiated cells. The findings are consistent with a delayed and long-lived tissue reaction to radiation injury characteristic of an inflammatory response with the potential for persisting bystander-mediated damage. An important implication of the findings is that contrary to conventional radiobiological dogma and interpretation of epidemiologically-based risk estimates, ionizing radiation may contribute to malignancy and particularly childhood leukaemia by promoting initiated cells rather than being the initiating agent. Untargeted mechanisms may also contribute to other pathological consequences.