LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Integrating sustainability into innovation project portfolio management – A strategic perspective

Project portfolio management in relation to innovation has increasingly gained the attention of practitioners and academics during the last decade. While significant progress has been made in the pursuit of a process approach to achieve an effective project portfolio management, limited attention has been paid to the issue of how to integrate sustainability into innovation portfolio management decision making. The literature is lacking insights on how to manage the innovation project portfolio throughout the strategic analysis phase to the monitoring of the portfolio performance in relation to sustainability during the development phase of projects. This paper presents a 5step framework for integrating sustainability in the innovation project portfolio management process in the field of product development. The framework can be applied for the management of a portfolio of three project categories that involve breakthrough projects, platform projects and derivative projects. It is based on the assessment of various methods of project evaluation and selection, and a case analysis in the automotive industry. It enables the integration of the three dimensions of sustainability into the innovation project portfolio management process within firms. The three dimensions of sustainability involve ecological sustainability, social sustainability and economic sustainability. Another benefit is enhancing the ability of firms to achieve an effective balance of investment between the three dimensions of sustainability, taking the competitive approach of a firm toward the marketplace into account. 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +31 6 12990878. E-mail addresses: jacques.brook@ig-nl.com (J.W. Brook), fabrizio.pagnanelli@vodafone.it (F. Pagnanelli). G Models ENGTEC-1407; No. of Pages 17 Please cite this article in press as: Brook, J.W., Pagnanelli, F., Integrating sustainability into innovation project portfolio management – A strategic perspective. J. Eng. Technol. Manage. (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2013.11.004
Searching and Analysis of Interface and Visualization Metaphors

Vladimir L. Averbukh, Mihkail O. Bakhterev, Aleksandr Yu. Baydalin Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Inst. of Math. and Mech., Inst. of Math. and Mech. Dmitriy Yu. Gorbashevskiy, Damir R. Ismagilov, Alexey Yu. Kazantsev Inst. of Math. and Mech., Ural State Univercity, Inst. of Math. and Mech. Polina V. Nebogatikova, Anna V. Popova, Pavel A. Vasev Ural State Univercity, Ural State Univercity, Inst. of Math. and Mech. Russia (all)
Worsening trends in the management and treatment of back pain.

IMPORTANCE
Back pain treatment is costly and frequently includes overuse of treatments that are unsupported by clinical guidelines. Few studies have evaluated recent national trends in guideline adherence of spine-related care.


OBJECTIVE
To characterize the treatment of back pain from January 1, 1999, through December 26, 2010.


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS
Using nationally representative data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, we studied outpatient visits with a chief symptom and/or primary diagnosis of back or neck pain, as well as those with secondary symptoms and diagnoses of back or neck pain. We excluded visits with concomitant "red flags," including fever, neurologic symptoms, or cancer. Results were analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for patient and health care professional characteristics and weighted to reflect national estimates. We also present adjusted results stratified by symptom duration and whether the health care professional was the primary care physician (PCP).


MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
We assessed imaging, narcotics, and referrals to physicians (guideline discordant indicators). In addition, we evaluated use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or acetaminophen and referrals to physical therapy (guideline concordant indicators).


RESULTS
We identified 23,918 visits for spine problems, representing an estimated 440 million visits. Approximately 58% of patients were female. Mean age increased from 49 to 53 years (P< .001) during the study period. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or acetaminophen use per visit decreased from 36.9% in 1999-2000 to 24.5% in 2009-2010 (unadjusted P< .001). In contrast, narcotic use increased from 19.3% to 29.1% (P< .001). Although physical therapy referrals remained unchanged at approximately 20%, physician referrals increased from 6.8% to 14.0% (P< .001). The number of radiographs remained stable at approximately 17%, whereas the number of computed tomograms or magnetic resonance images increased from 7.2% to 11.3% during the study period (P< .001). These trends were similar after stratifying by short-term vs long-term presentations, visits to PCPs vs non-PCPs, and adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, PCP status, symptom duration, region, and metropolitan location.


CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Despite numerous published clinical guidelines, management of back pain has relied increasingly on guideline discordant care. Improvements in the management of spine-related disease represent an area of potential cost savings for the health care system with the potential for improving the quality of care.
Towards a Structural and Methodological Improvement of Eutrophication Modelling

__________________________________________________________________________ iii Dedication ________________________________________________________________________ iiiii Acknowledgments ___________________________________________________________________ iiv Table of
East African Pastoralism in Transition: Maasai, Boran, and Rendille Cases

Pastoralist societies in East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda) face more demands on their way of life than at any previous time. Population growth, loss of herding lands to farmers, ranchers, game parks, and urban growth, increased commoditization of the livestock economy, out-migration by poor pastoralists, and dislocations brought about by drought, famine, and civil war are increasing throughout the region. These problems are intensified as international development programs encourage privatization and individuation of formerly communally held resources. The examples of the Maasai, Boran, and Rendille of Kenya demonstrate that East African pastoralists are responding to the social, political, and economic challenges with increased economic diversification including agro-pastoralism, wage labor, and increased market integration. These changes result in increased social and economic stratification, urban migration, and diminished nutrition for
The future of evolutionary developmental biology

Combining fields as diverse as comparative embryology, palaeontology, molecular phylogenetics and genome analysis, the new discipline of evolutionary developmental biology aims at explaining how developmental processes and mechanisms become modified during evolution, and how these modifications produce changes in animal morphology and body plans. In the next century this should give us far greater mechanistic insight into how evolution has produced the vast diversity of living organisms, past and present.
The influence of mode of delivery on breastfeeding initiation in women with a prior cesarean delivery: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE
This study compared breastfeeding initiation following repeat cesarean delivery, successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC), and unsuccessful trial of labor.


SUBJECTS AND METHODS
We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study of Ohio births (2006-2007) with a previous cesarean delivery. The primary outcomes were breastfeeding initiation rates among women with a previous cesarean delivery. Breastfeeding initiation rates were compared among three different delivery types: repeat cesarean delivery, successful VBAC, and unsuccessful trial of labor. Sociodemographic factors, medical risk factors, and pregnancy-related risk factors were also compared to assess influence on breastfeeding initiation rates.


RESULTS
Women delivered by successful VBAC were 47% more likely to initiate breastfeeding than women delivered by scheduled repeat cesarean (adjusted relative risk 1.47; 95% confidence interval 1.35, 1.60). Women who ultimately delivered by cesarean section with unsuccessful trial of labor were also more likely to breastfeed than women with a scheduled repeat cesarean section (61% vs. 58.7%, respectively) (adjusted relative risk 1.17; 95% confidence interval 1.04, 1.33).


CONCLUSIONS
Patients who undergo a scheduled repeat cesarean delivery are less likely to initiate breastfeeding. Women who attempt and succeed in achieving vaginal birth after a previous cesarean section are more likely to breastfeed than are women who deliver by repeat cesarean section. Also, those women who ultimately deliver by cesarean section after an unsuccessful trial of labor were also more likely to breastfeed than those women with a scheduled repeat cesarean section. This suggests there are influences on patient choice for delivery that also may influence the patient's decision to breastfeed.
Birth Preparedness and Its Association with Skilled Birth Attendance and Postpartum Checkups among Mothers in Gibe Wereda, Hadiya Zone, South Ethiopia

Background. Birth preparedness program was designed to enhance skilled birth attendance and postpartum checkups of women in a developing country to reduce the three delays that lead women and neonates to death and disability. However, the relationship between birth preparedness with skilled birth attendance and postpartum checkups among mothers is not well studied. Therefore this study is intended to assess the association between birth preparedness and skilled birth attendance and postpartum checkups. Methods. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2014. Eight out of 22 Kebeles were selected using probability proportional to size sampling method. Seven hundred and forty-five mothers were selected randomly from the sampling frame, generated from family folders obtained from health posts. Data was collected using pretested questionnaire by face-to-face interview. Data was entered into EpiData version 3.1 database and analyzed by SPSS version 16. Result. Out of 745 sampled mothers 728 (97.7%) participated in the study. One hundred and twelve (15.4%) and 128 (17.6%) mothers got skilled birth attendance and received postpartum checkups for their last child, respectively. Birth preparedness, educational status of women and their husbands, and antenatal care visits of mothers were found to be predictor of skilled birth attendance and postpartum checkups. Mothers well prepared for child birth were 6.7 times more likely to attend skilled birth attendance [AOR = 6.7 (2.7-16.4)] and 3 times more likely to follow postpartum checkups [AOR = 3.0 (1.5-5.9)] than poorly prepared mothers, respectively. Travel time to reach the nearest health facility was found as predictor for postpartum checkups of mothers; mothers who travel ≤ 2 hours were three times more likely to follow postpartum checkups than mothers who travel > 2 hours (AOR (95% CI) = 3.4 (1.5-7.9)). Conclusion and Recommendation. Skilled birth attendance and postpartum checkups were low. Encouraging women to attend recommended antenatal care visits and providing advice and education on birth preparedness and obstetric danger signs are important interventions to increase skilled birth attendance and postpartum checkups.
Adaptive real-time road detection using neural networks

We have developed an adaptive real-time road detection application based on neural networks for autonomous driving. By taking advantage of the unique structure in road images, the network training can be processed while the system is running. The algorithm employs color features derived from color histograms. We have focused on the automatic adaptation of the system, which has reduced manual road annotations by human.
Behavioral and physiological effects of acute ketamine exposure in adult zebrafish.

Ketamine is a non-competitive glutamatergic antagonist used to induce sedation and analgesia. In sub-anesthetic doses, it induces hyperlocomotion, impairs memory and evokes stereotypic circling in rodents. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) emerged as a promising new animal model to screen the effects of psychotropic compounds. Here, we investigated the effects of sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine on anxiety, locomotion, habituation and social behavior of adult zebrafish. Acute 20-min exposure to 20 and 40 mg/L (but not 2 mg/L) of ketamine reduced anxiety, impaired intra-session habituation, evoked circular swimming and disrupted zebrafish shoaling. Additionally, ketamine reduced whole-body cortisol levels and elevated brain c-fos expression in zebrafish. Our findings demonstrate the sensitivity of zebrafish to behavioral and physiological effects of sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine, further supporting the utility of this species as a model for neuropharmacological research, including testing ketamine and related drugs.
Interactions between achromatic and chromatic mechanisms in visual search

The purpose of this study was to explore the interaction between achromatic information and chromatic information in a visual search task. It is widely accepted that signals in second stage color opponent mechanisms vary with both the luminance and chromaticity of a stimulus. However, detection experiments suggest a large degree of independence between chromatic thresholds and achromatic thresholds. The independence at threshold has led to the proposal of a third processing stage in which achromatic and chromatic information is separated. Experiments were designed to determine if variability in the luminance of distractor stimuli made it more difficult to search for a target that differed in chromaticity. When the chromaticity of the distractors was held constant variability in distractor luminance had little effect on search performance, but when signals in second stage color opponent mechanisms were held constant variability in distractor luminance resulted in poorer performance. The results suggest that search for chromatic targets is mediated by a processing stage that calculates the ratio of chromatic and achromatic signals so that the chromatic signal is independent of stimulus luminance.
The 'Switch’ study protocol: a randomised-controlled trial of switching to an alternative tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitor drug or abatacept or rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have failed an initial TNF-inhibitor drug

BACKGROUND
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, affecting approximately 1% of the UK adult population. Patients suffer considerable pain, stiffness and swelling and can sustain various degrees of joint destruction, deformity, and significant functional decline. In addition, the economic burden due to hospitalisation and loss of employment is considerable, with over 50% of patients being work-disabled within 10 years of diagnosis. Despite several biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARD) now available, there is a lack of data to guide biologic sequencing. In the UK, second-line biologic treatment is restricted to a single option, rituximab. The aim of the SWITCH trial is to establish whether an alternative-mechanism-TNF-inhibitor (TNFi) or abatacept are as effective as rituximab in patients with RA who have failed an initial TNFi drug.


METHODS/DESIGN
SWITCH is a pragmatic, phase IV, multi-centre, parallel-group design, open-label, randomised, controlled trial (RCT) comparing alternative-mechanism-TNFi and abatacept with rituximab in patients with RA who have failed an initial TNFi drug. Participants are randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive alternative mechanism TNFi, (monoclonal antibodies: infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab or golimumab or the receptor fusion protein, etanercept), abatacept or rituximab during the interventional phase (from randomisation up to week 48). Participants are subsequently followed up to a maximum of 96 weeks, which constitutes the observational phase. The primary objective is to establish whether an alternative-mechanism-TNFi or abatacept are non-inferior to rituximab in terms of disease response at 24 weeks post randomisation. The secondary objectives include the comparison of alternative-mechanism-TNFi and abatacept to rituximab in terms of disease response, quality of life, toxicity, safety and structural and bone density outcomes over a 12-month period (48 weeks) and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of switching patients to alternative active therapies compared to current practice.


DISCUSSION
SWITCH is a well-designed trial in this therapeutic area that aims to develop a rational treatment algorithm to potentially inform personalised treatment regimens (as opposed to switching all patients to only one available (and possibly unsuccessful) therapy), which may lead to long-term improved patient outcomes and gains in population health.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
UKCRN Portfolio ID: 12343; ISRCTN89222125 ; NCT01295151.
Transfer Representation-Learning for Anomaly Detection

We evaluate transfer representation-learning for anomaly detection using convolutional neural networks by: (i) transfer learning from pretrained networks, and (ii) transfer learning from an auxiliary task by defining sub-categories of the normal class. We empirically show that both approaches offer viable representations for the task of anomaly detection, without explicitly imposing a prior on the data.
A hybrid HMM/DNN approach to keyword spotting of short words

An HMM/DNN framework is proposed to address the issues of short-word detection. The first-stage keyword hypothesizer is redesigned with a context-aware keyword model and a 9state filler model to reduce the miss rate from 80% to 6% and increase the figure-of-merit (FOM) from 6.08% to 21.88% for short words. The hypothesizer is followed by a MLP-based second-stage keyword verifier to further reduce its putative hits. To enhance short word detection, three new techniques, including an HMM-based feature transformation for the MLPs, knowledge-based features, and deep neural networks, are incorporated into redesigning the verifier. With a set of nine short keywords from the TIMIT set the best FOM we had achieved for the proposed KWS system was 42.79%, which is comparable with that of 42.6% for long content words and much better than the FOM of 18.4% for short keywords reported in previous research [10].
A continental scale evaluation of the role of limpet grazing on rocky shores

It is critical for our knowledge of biodiversity and ecosystem processes to understand how individual species contribute to ecosystem processes and how these contributions vary in space and time. We used a manipulative field experiment in five locations over 17° of latitude [from southern Portugal to the Isle of Man (British Isles)] to determine the relative response of rocky intertidal algal assemblages released from control by the grazing of limpets. Response ratios showed that when limpets were removed there was a trend of effects from north to south. In the north, grazing had a strong effect on algal assemblages, but removing grazers reduced spatial variability in assemblages. In the south, the effect of limpet grazing was far weaker and removal of grazers had a much reduced impact on spatial variability. Here we show a clear trophic control of an ecosystem in that grazing by limpets not only determines macroalgal abundance overall but also modifies ecosystem stability via variability in cover of algae.
Benefits of physical exercise training on cognition and quality of life in frail older adults.

OBJECTIVES
Frailty is a state of vulnerability associated with increased risks of fall, hospitalization, cognitive deficits, and psychological distress. Studies with healthy senior suggest that physical exercise can help improve cognition and quality of life. Whether frail older adults can show such benefits remains to be documented.


METHOD
A total of 83 participants aged 61-89 years were assigned to an exercise-training group (3 times a week for 12 weeks) or a control group (waiting list). Frailty was determined by a complete geriatric examination using specific criteria. Pre- and post-test measures assessed physical capacity, cognitive performance, and quality of life.


RESULTS
Compared with controls, the intervention group showed significant improvement in physical capacity (functional capacities and physical endurance), cognitive performance (executive functions, processing speed, and working memory), and quality of life (global quality of life, leisure activities, physical capacity, social/family relationships, and physical health). Benefits were overall equivalent between frail and nonfrail participants.


DISCUSSION
Physical exercise training leads to improved cognitive functioning and psychological well-being in frail older adults.
MR colonography with limited bowel preparation compared with optical colonoscopy in patients at increased risk for colorectal cancer.

PURPOSE
To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance (MR) colonography by using limited bowel preparation in patients with polyps of 10 mm or larger in diameter in a population at increased risk for colorectal cancer, with optical colonoscopy as the reference standard.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
The institutional review boards of all three hospitals approved the study. All patients provided written informed consent. In this multicenter study, patients undergoing colonoscopy because of a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps were included. Two blinded observers independently evaluated T1- and T2-weighted MR colonographic images obtained with limited bowel preparation (bright-lumen fecal tagging) for the presence of polyps. The limited bowel preparation consisted of a low-fiber diet, with ingestion of lactulose and an oral gadolinium-based contrast agent (with all three major meals) starting 48 hours prior to imaging. Results were verified with colonoscopic outcomes. Patient sensitivity, patient specificity, polyp sensitivity, and interobserver agreement for lesions of 10 mm or larger were calculated for both observers individually and combined.


RESULTS
Two hundred patients (mean age, 58 years; 128 male patients) were included; 41 patients had coexistent symptoms. At colonoscopy, 12 patients had 22 polyps of 10 mm or larger. Per-patient sensitivity was 58% (seven of 12) for observer 1, 67% (eight of 12) for observer 2, and 75% (nine of 12) for both observers combined for polyps of 10 mm or larger. Per-patient specificity was 95% (178 of 188) for observer 1, 97% (183 of 188) for observer 2, and 93% (175 of 188) for both observers combined. Per-polyp sensitivity was 55% (12 of 22) for observer 1, 50% (11 of 22) for observer 2, and 77% (17 of 22) for both observers combined. Interobserver agreement was 93% for identification of patients with lesions of 10 mm or larger.


CONCLUSION
In patients at increased risk for colorectal cancer, specificity of MR colonography by using limited bowel preparation was high, but sensitivity was modest.