LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Cyberbullying, school bullying, and psychological distress: a regional census of high school students.

OBJECTIVES
Using data from a regional census of high school students, we have documented the prevalence of cyberbullying and school bullying victimization and their associations with psychological distress.


METHODS
In the fall of 2008, 20,406 ninth- through twelfth-grade students in MetroWest Massachusetts completed surveys assessing their bullying victimization and psychological distress, including depressive symptoms, self-injury, and suicidality.


RESULTS
A total of 15.8% of students reported cyberbullying and 25.9% reported school bullying in the past 12 months. A majority (59.7%) of cyberbullying victims were also school bullying victims; 36.3% of school bullying victims were also cyberbullying victims. Victimization was higher among nonheterosexually identified youths. Victims report lower school performance and school attachment. Controlled analyses indicated that distress was highest among victims of both cyberbullying and school bullying (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] were from 4.38 for depressive symptoms to 5.35 for suicide attempts requiring medical treatment). Victims of either form of bullying alone also reported elevated levels of distress.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings confirm the need for prevention efforts that address both forms of bullying and their relation to school performance and mental health.
Catalytically propelled micro-/nanomotors: how fast can they move?

Synthetic micro-/nanomotors represent one of the most exciting challenges facing nanotechnology and hold considerable promise for diverse future applications. This review discusses different strategies to improve the speed of the catalytic nanomotors, summarizing and comparing the maximum absolute and relative speeds obtained with different catalytically propelled micro-/nanomotors. Remarkably ultrafast nanowires and microtube engines, with speeds of 60 and 375 body lengths s(-1), respectively, have been developed recently. Achieving such amazingly high speed and power has been accomplished through rational optimization of key factors governing the propulsion behavior, including composition of the motor and fuel, the motor morphology and various external stimuli. We hope that our discussion will serve as a guide to the rational design of even faster and more powerful catalytically propelled fuel-efficient micro-/nanomotors, with speed limits that are limited only by our imagination.
Defining information need in health - assimilating complex theories derived from information science.

BACKGROUND
Key policy drivers worldwide include optimizing patients' roles in managing their care; focusing services around patients' needs and preferences; and providing information to support patients' contributions and choices. The term information need penetrates many policy documents. Information need is espoused as the foundation from which to develop patient-centred or patient-led services. Yet there is no clear definition as to what the term means or how patients' information needs inform and shape information provision and patient care.


THEORETICAL SYNTHESIS
The assimilation of complex theories originating from information science has much to offer considerations of patient information need within the context of health care. Health-related research often focuses on the content of information patients prefer, not why they need information. This paper extends and applies knowledge of information behaviour to considerations of information need in health, exposing a working definition for patient information need that reiterates the importance of considering the patient's goals and understanding the patient's context/situation. A patient information need is defined as 'recognition that their knowledge is inadequate to satisfy a goal, within the context/situation that they find themselves at a specific point in the time'. This typifies the key concepts of national/international health policy, the centrality and importance of the patient.


CONCLUSIONS
The proposed definition of patient information need provides a conceptual framework to guide health-care practitioners on what to consider and why when meeting the information needs of patients in practice. This creates a solid foundation from which to inform future research.
Intravenous contrast medium-induced nephrotoxicity: is the medical risk really as great as we have come to believe?

1 From the Department of Radiology, University of California-Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y St, Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA 95817 (R.W.K.); and Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (J.H.N.). Received October 30, 2009; revision requested December 8; revision received December 30; accepted January 12, 2010; fi nal version accepted January 18. Address correspondence to R.W.K. (e-mail: richard.katzberg@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu ).
Pilot study of low-molecular-weight heparin in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND
Our purpose was to assess the feasibility and risk of performing a double-blind placebo-controlled study of low-molecular-weight heparin in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.


SUMMARY OF REPORT
Fifty-five patients were treated within 48 hours of stroke onset. Pretreatment computed tomography was performed to rule out cerebral hemorrhage. Fraxiparine (6000 IU per day) was given subcutaneously for 7 days. No adverse reaction was encountered during the treatment period. At 3 months, 26 patients were independent, 21 moderately disabled, 4 severely disabled, and 4 dead.


CONCLUSIONS
It would be safe and practical to conduct a clinical trial on the use of Fraxiparine in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
FUNCTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL DATA ANALYSIS: PERSPECTIVES ON SMOOTHING

The perspectives and methods of functional data analysis and longitudinal data analysis are contrasted and compared. Topics include kernel methods and random effects models for smoothing, basis function methods, and examination of the relation of covariates to curve shapes. Some directions in which methodology might advance are identified.
A double-blind trial of adjunctive allopurinol for schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE
To investigate if adjunctive allopurinol reduces symptoms in schizophrenia outpatients with persistent symptoms despite adequate pharmacotherapy.


METHOD
N=59 schizophrenia outpatients were randomly assigned to receive adjunctive allopurinol 300 mg bid or identical-looking placebo for 8 weeks after a 2-week placebo run-in. Symptoms were assessed biweekly.


RESULTS
A total of n=51 patients completed the trial. Including all n=59 randomized patients, a total of 4 of 31 in the allopurinol group and 0 of 28 in the placebo group had at least a 20% reduction in total PANSS score at the final study visit (chi-square=3.88, p=.049). Among the n=51 completers, individuals in the allopurinol group rated themselves as more improved than did those in the placebo group (z=-2.24, p=.025). The allopurinol medication was well tolerated and there were not any adverse events attributed to the study medication.


CONCLUSIONS
Allopurinol may be an effective adjunctive medication for some patients with persistent schizophrenia.
The Part-Time Pay Penalty for Women in Britain

The Part-Time Pay Penalty for Women in Britain Women in Britain who work part-time have, on average, hourly earnings about 25% less than that of women working full-time. This gap has widened greatly over the past 30 years. This paper tries to explain this part-time pay penalty. It shows that a sizeable part of the penalty can be explained by the differing characteristics pf FT and PT women. Inclusion of standard demographics halves the estimate of the pay penalty. But inclusion of occupation makes the pay penalty very small, suggesting that almost the entire unexplained gap is due to occupational segregation. The rise in the pay penalty over time is partly a result of a rise in occupational segregation and partly the general rise in wage inequality. Policies to reduce the pay penalty have had little effect and it is likely that it will not change much unless better jobs can be made available on a part-time basis. JEL Classification: J24, J31, J62
Speech activity detection for NASA apollo space missions: challenges and solutions

Speech Activity Detection(SAD) is a well researched problem for communication, command and control applications, where audio segments are short duration and solution proposed for noisy as well as clean environments. In this study, we investigate the SAD problem using NASA’s Apollo space mission data [1]. Unlike traditional speech corpora, the audio recordings in Apollo are extensive from a longitudinal perspective (i.e., 612 days each). From SAD perspective, the data offers many challenges: (i) noise distortion with variable SNR, (ii) channel distortion, and (iii) extended periods of non-speech activity. Here, we use the recently proposed Combo-SAD, which has performed remarkably well in DARPA RATS evaluations, as our baseline system [2]. Our analysis reveals that the ComboSAD performs well when speech-pause durations are balanced in the audio segment, but deteriorates significantly when speech is sparse or absent. In order to mitigate this problem, we propose a simple yet efficient technique which builds an alternative model of speech using data from a separate corpora, and embeds this new information within the Combo-SAD framework. Our experiments show that the proposed approach has a major impact on SAD performance (i.e., +30% absolute), especially in audio segments that contain sparse or no speech information.
A Key-schedule Weakness in SAFER K-64

In this paper we analyse SAFER K-64 and show a weakness in the key schedule. It has the eeect that for almost every key K, there exists at least one diierent key K , such that for many plaintexts the outputs after 6 rounds of encryption are equal. The output transformation causes the ciphertexts to diier in one of the 8 bytes. Also, the same types of keys encrypt even more pairs of plaintexts diierent in one byte to ciphertexts diierent only in the same byte. This enables us to do a related-key chosen plaintext attack on SAFER K-64, which nds 8 bits of the key requiring from 2 44 to about 2 47 chosen plaintexts. While our observations may have no greater impact on the security of SAFER K-64 when used for encryption in practice, it greatly reduces the security of the algorithm when used in hashing modes, which is illustrated. We give collisions for the well-known secure hash modes using a block cipher. Also we give a suggestion of how to improve the key schedule, such that our attacks are no longer possible.
Trabectedin in combination with doxorubicin for first-line treatment of advanced uterine or soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma (LMS-02): a non-randomised, multicentre, phase 2 trial.

BACKGROUND
Metastatic leiomyosarcomas of uterine or soft-tissue origin have poor prognosis and moderate chemosensitivity. Trabectedin has shown activity in pretreated leiomyosarcoma. We did a single-group, multicentre, phase 2 trial (LMS-02) to assess the effect of first-line doxorubicin and trabectedin combination on disease control and survival.


METHODS
Adults (18 years to physiological age ≤70 years) with measurable metastatic or unresectable uterine leiomyosarcoma or soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma who had not received any previous chemotherapy were enrolled at 19 centres in France. Treatment consisted of 60 mg/m(2) intravenous doxorubicin followed by 1·1 mg/m(2) trabectedin in a 3 h intravenous infusion on day 1, both by the central venous route, and 6 mg subcutaneous pegfilgrastim on day 2, repeated every 3 weeks for up to six cycles. Surgery for residual disease was permitted. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving disease control, defined as complete or partial response or stable disease. Stratification was done by anatomical site and analyses were per protocol. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02131480.


FINDINGS
Between July 28, 2010, and May 10, 2013, 109 patients were enrolled and treated, of whom 108 were assessable for response: 47 in the uterine leiomyosarcoma group and 61 in the soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma group. 32 (68%) patients in the uterine leiomyosarcoma group and 45 (74%) in the soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma group received all six cycles of treatment. Of 47 patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma, 28 (59·6%, 95% CI 44·3-73·6) achieved a partial response and 13 (27·7%, 15·6-42·6) stable disease; 41 (87·2%, 74·3-95·2) patients achieved disease control. Of 61 patients with soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma, two (3·3%, 95% CI 0·4-11·7) achieved a complete response, 22 (36·1%, 25·0-50·8) had a partial response, and 32 (52·5%, 40·8-67·3) had stable disease; 56 (91·8%, 81·9-97·3) of patients achieved disease control. The most common grade 3-4 treatment-associated adverse events were neutropenia (84 [78%] of 108 patients), increased alanine aminotransferase concentration (42 [39%]), thrombocytopenia (40 [37%]), anaemia (29 [27%]), febrile neutropenia (26 [24%]), and fatigue (21 [19%]).


INTERPRETATION
Despite expected but manageable toxic effects, these results support the activity of doxorubicin plus trabectedin as first-line treatment for uterine leiomyosarcoma and soft-tissue leiomyosarcoma. This combination should be developed further in a phase 3 trial against the present standard of care.


FUNDING
Pharmamar and Amgen.
Limited induction of tumor cross-reactive T cells without a measurable clinical benefit in early melanoma patients vaccinated with human leukocyte antigen class I-modified peptides.

PURPOSE
The progressive immune dysfunctions that occur in patients with advanced melanoma make them unlikely to efficiently respond to cancer vaccines. A multicenter randomized phase II trial was conducted to test whether immunization with modified HLA class I tumor peptides in the context of adjuvant therapy results in better immunologic responses and improved clinical outcomes in patients with early melanoma (stages IIB/C-III).


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Forty-three patients were enrolled to undergo vaccination (n = 22) or observation (n = 21). The vaccine included four HLA-A*0201-restricted modified peptides (Melan-A/MART-1([27L]), gp100([210M]), NY-ESO-1([165V]), and Survivin([97M])) emulsified in Montanide ISA51 and injected subcutaneously in combination with cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m(2)) and low-dose IL-2 (3 × 10(6) IU). The immune responses were monitored using ex vivo IFN-γ-ELISpot, HLA/multimer staining, and in vitro short-term peptide sensitization assays.


RESULTS
Vaccination induced a rapid and persistent increase in specific effector memory CD8(+) T cells in 75% of the patients. However, this immunization was not associated with any significant increase in disease-free or overall survival as compared with the observation group. An extensive immunologic analysis revealed a significantly reduced cross-recognition of the corresponding native peptides and, most importantly, a limited ability to react to melanoma cells.


CONCLUSIONS
Adjuvant setting is an appealing approach for testing cancer vaccines because specific CD8(+) T cells can be efficiently induced in most vaccinated patients. However, the marginal antitumor activity of the T cells induced by modified peptides in this study largely accounts for the observed lack of benefit of vaccination. These findings suggest reconsidering this immunization strategy, particularly in early disease.
Specific Clinical Findings of Secondary Syphilis In The Oral Mucosa: ASeries of Six Case Reports

Syphilis (SyS) is a systemic infectious disease caused by the anaerobic spirochetes Treponema pallidum. This condition is further divided into primary, secondary latent and tertiary stages. Oral manifestations are most common in secondary stage and frequently are the only clinical sign of the disease. These lesions are characterized by having high rates of infection and peculiar clinical characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to highlight the common and not-so-common clinical appearances of secondary SyS in adults. Tongue, lips, jugal mucosa and palate lesions were selected to illustrate the similarity of oral SyS with other diseases. The diagnosis was performed by clinical and serological correlation. Furthermore, it was emphasized the importance of the knowledge of different forms of oral SyS lesions by clinicians in order to provide early diagnosis and faster treatment for infected patients. Received date: 09/11/2016 Accepted date: 05/12/2016 Published date: 12/12/2016
Effects of Textured Insoles on Balance in People with Parkinson’s Disease

BACKGROUND
Degradation of the somatosensory system has been implicated in postural instability and increased falls risk for older people and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Here we demonstrate that textured insoles provide a passive intervention that is an inexpensive and accessible means to enhance the somatosensory input from the plantar surface of the feet.


METHODS
20 healthy older adults (controls) and 20 participants with PD were recruited for the study. We evaluated effects of manipulating somatosensory information from the plantar surface of the feet using textured insoles. Participants performed standing tests, on two different surfaces (firm and foam), under three footwear conditions: 1) barefoot; 2) smooth insoles; and 3) textured insoles. Standing balance was evaluated using a force plate yielding data on the range of anterior-posterior and medial-lateral sway, as well as standard deviations for anterior-posterior and medial-lateral sway.


RESULTS
On the firm surface with eyes open both the smooth and textured insoles reduced medial-lateral sway in the PD group to a similar level as the controls. Only the textured insole decreased medial-lateral sway and medial-lateral sway standard deviation in the PD group on both surfaces, with and without visual input. Greatest benefits were observed in the PD group while wearing the textured insoles, and when standing on the foam surface with eyes closed.


CONCLUSIONS
Data suggested that textured insoles may provide a low-cost means of improving postural stability in high falls-risk groups, such as people with PD.
Physical activity recognition using multiple sensors embedded in a wearable device

In this article, we present a wearable intelligence device for activity monitoring applications. We developed and evaluated algorithms to recognize physical activities from data acquired using a 3-axis accelerometer with a single camera worn on a body. The recognition process is performed in two steps: at first the features for defining a human activity are measured by the 3-axis accelerometer sensor and the image sensor embedded in a wearable device. Then, the physical activity corresponding to the measured features is determined by applying the SVM classifier. The 3-axis accelerometer sensor computes the correlation between axes and the magnitude of the FFT for other features of an activity. Acceleration data is classified into nine activity labels. Through the image sensor, multiple optical flow vectors computed on each grid image patch are extracted as features for defining an activity. In the experiments, we showed that an overall accuracy rate of activity recognition based our method was 92.78%.
Arthroscopic repair of partial-thickness and small full-thickness rotator cuff tears: tendon quality as a prognostic factor for repair integrity.

BACKGROUND
The healing failure rate is high for partial-thickness or small full-thickness rotator cuff tears.


PURPOSE
To retrospectively evaluate and compare outcomes after arthroscopic repair of high-grade partial-thickness and small full-thickness rotator cuff tears and factors affecting rotator cuff healing.


STUDY DESIGN
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.


METHODS
Included in the study were 55 consecutive patients (mean age, 57.9 ± 7.2 years) who underwent arthroscopic repair for high-grade partial-thickness (n = 34) and small full-thickness (n = 21) rotator cuff tears. The study patients also underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) preoperatively and computed tomography arthrography (CTA) at least 6 months postoperatively, and their functional outcomes were evaluated preoperatively and at the last follow-up (>24 months). All partial-thickness tears were repaired after being converted to full-thickness tears; thus, the repair process was almost the same as for small full-thickness tears. The tendinosis of the torn tendon was graded from the MRI images using a 4-point scale, and the reliabilities were assessed. The outcomes between high-grade partial-thickness tears that were converted to small full-thickness tears and initially small full-thickness tears were compared, and factors affecting outcomes were evaluated.


RESULTS
The inter- and intraobserver reliabilities of the tendinosis grade were good (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.706 and 0.777, respectively). Failure to heal as determined by CTA was observed in 12 patients with a high-grade partial-thickness tear (35.3%; complete failure in 4 and partial failure in 8) and in 3 patients with a small full-thickness tear (14.3%; complete failure in 1 and partial failure in 2). The patients with high-grade partial-thickness rotator cuff tears showed a higher tendinosis grade than did those with small full-thickness tears (P = .014), and the severity of the tendinosis was related to the failure to heal (P = .037). Tears with a higher tendinosis grade showed a 7.64-times higher failure rate (95% CI, 1.43-36.04) than did those with a lower tendinosis grade (P = .013). All functional outcome scores improved after surgery (all P < .001); however, there was no difference between groups.


CONCLUSION
The high-grade partial-thickness rotator cuff tears showed more severe tendinosis compared with the small full-thickness tears in this study. Contrary to previous impressions that tear size or fatty infiltration is the factor that most influences healing, tendinosis severity assessed by preoperative MRI was the only factor associated with failure to heal, given the numbers available for analysis, in patients with partial-thickness and small full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Surgeons should pay more attention to tendon quality during repair surgery or rehabilitation in smaller rotator cuff tears, especially in high-grade partial-thickness tears with severe tendinosis.
Intrinsic dimension estimation: Advances and open problems

Dimensionality reduction methods are preprocessing techniques used for coping with high dimensionality. They have the aim of projecting the original data set of dimensionality N, without information loss, onto a lower M-dimensional submanifold. Since the value of M is unknown, techniques that allow knowing in advance the value of M, called intrinsic dimension (ID), are quite useful. The aim of the paper is to review state-of-the-art of the methods of ID estimation, underlining the recent advances and the open problems. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Summation in finite terms using sage

The summation analogue of the Risch integration algorithm developed by Karr [4, 5] uses towers of difference fields to model nested indefinite sums and products, as the Risch algorithm uses towers of differential fields to model the so called elementary functions [2]. The algorithmic machinery developed by Karr, and later generalized and extended in [1, 13, 7, 6], allows one to find solutions of first order difference equations over such towers of difference fields, in turn simplifying expressions involving sums and products. We present an implementation of this machinery in the open source computer algebra system Sage [14]. Due to the nature of open source software, this allows direct experimentation with the algorithms and structures involved while taking advantage of the state of the art primitives provided by Sage. Even though these methods are used behind the scenes in the summation package Sigma [10] and they were previously implemented in [3], this is the first open source implementation.