LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Clinical efficacy of three assays for cardiac troponin I for risk stratification in acute coronary syndromes: a Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11B Substudy.

BACKGROUND
Significant analytic variability exists between the multiple assays for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) approved for clinical use. Until adequate cTnI standardization is possible, an evidence-based approach evaluating each assay at specific thresholds appears warranted.


METHODS
We examined the efficacy of three cTnI assays for predicting death, myocardial infarction (MI), or the composite of death, MI, or urgent revascularization at 43 days among patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes enrolled in the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11B study.


RESULTS
Six hundred eighty-one patients with serum samples obtained at baseline and/or 12-24 h had cTnI determined using all three assays. Baseline cTnI was > or = 0.1 microg/L for 368, 395, and 418 patients with the Bayer Immuno 1(TM), ACS:180, and Dimension RxL assays, respectively. Correlation coefficients for the RxL with the ACS:180 and Bayer Immuno 1 results were 0.89 (P = 0.0001) and 0.87 (P = 0.0001), with a coefficient of 0.92 (P = 0.0001) for the ACS:180 and Bayer Immuno 1 assays. Patients with cTnI > or = 0.1 microg/L were at increased risk fo death or MI by 43 days (relative risk, 2.2-3.0; P <0.0006), regardless of the assay used. This prognostic capacity persisted among those with creatine kinase MB isoenzyme concentrations within the reference interval. Moreover, cTnI was the strongest multivariate predictor of death, MI, or urgent revascularization with adjusted odds ratios of 2.1-2.9 (P <0. 0006).


CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates the prognostic efficacy of three independently developed cTnI assays at a threshold of 0.1 microg/L for the prediction of adverse clinical outcomes among patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes.
A 12-bit 50-MS/s 3.3-mW SAR ADC with background digital calibration

This paper describes a background digital calibration technique based on bitwise correlation (BWC) to correct the capacitive digital-to-analog converter (DAC) mismatch error in successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADC's). Aided by a single-bit pseudorandom noise (PN) injected to the ADC input, the calibration engine extracts all bit weights simultaneously to facilitate a digital-domain correction. The analog overhead associated with this technique is negligible and the conversion speed is fully retained (in contrast to [1] in which the ADC throughput is halved). A prototype 12bit 50-MS/s SAR ADC fabricated in 90-nm CMOS measured a 66.5-dB peak SNDR and an 86.0-dB peak SFDR with calibration, while occupying 0.046 mm2 and dissipating 3.3 mW from a 1.2-V supply. The calibration logic is estimated to occupy 0.072 mm2 with a power consumption of 1.4 mW in the same process.
Evaluating the descriptive power of Instagram hashtags

Image tagging is an essential step for developing Automatic Image Annotation (AIA) methods that are based on the learning by example paradigm. However, manual image annotation, even for creating training sets for machine learning algorithms, requires hard effort and contains human judgment errors and subjectivity. Thus, alternative ways for automatically creating training examples, i.e., pairs of images and tags, are pursued. In this work, we investigate whether tags accompanying photos in the Instagram can be considered as image annotation metadata. If such a claim is proved then Instagram could be used as a very rich, easy to collect automatically, source of training data for the development of AIA techniques. Our hypothesis is that Instagram hashtags, and especially those provided by the photo owner/creator, express more accurately the content of a photo compared to the tags assigned to a photo during explicit image annotation processes like crowdsourcing. In this context, we explore the descriptive power of hashtags by examining whether other users would use the same, with the owner, hashtags to annotate an image. For this purpose 1000 Instagram images were collected and one to four hashtags, considered as the most descriptive ones for the image in question, were chosen among the hashtags used by the photo owner. An online database was constructed to generate online questionnaires containing 20 images each, which were distributed to experiment participants so they can choose the best suitable hashtag for every image according to their interpretation. Results show that an average of 66% of the participants hashtag choices coincide with those suggested by the photo owners; thus, an initial evidence towards our hypothesis confirmation can be claimed. c ⃝ 2016 Qassim University. Production and Hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer review under responsibility of Qassim University. ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: s.giannoulakis@cut.ac.cy (S. Giannoulakis), nic http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jides.2016.10.001 2352-6645/ c ⃝ 2016 Qassim University. Production and Hosting by E license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). olas.tsapatsoulis@cut.ac.cy (N. Tsapatsoulis). lsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND J O U R N A L O F I N N O VA T I O N I N D I G I T A L E C O S Y S T E M S 3 ( 2 0 1 6 ) 1 1 4 – 1 2 9 115
New potential functions for mobile robot path planning

This paper first describes the problem of goals nonreachable with obstacles nearby when using potential field methods for mobile robot path planning. Then, new repulsive potential functions are presented by taking the relative distance between the robot and the goal into consideration, which ensures that the goal position is the global minimum of the total potential.
Does feeding alter arterial oxygen saturation in patients with acute stroke?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
We measured arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) during eating in acute stroke patients to establish the frequency of any meal-related hypoxemia, which could further damage already vulnerable brain tissue.


METHODS
Stroke patients (</=12 days from stroke onset) classified as "safe to feed orally" were compared with elderly hospitalized (for nonneurological causes) and young healthy controls. SaO(2) was measured noninvasively at the bedside by pulse oximetry continuously for 10 minutes before the patient ate a meal, during the meal, and for 10 minutes after completion of the meal.


RESULTS
The median baseline SaO(2) was significantly lower in stroke patients (n=106, 95.7%) than elderly (n=50, 96.7%) or young control subjects (n=20, 97.9%; P:<0.001). There was a small decrease in the median SaO(2) during eating in stroke and elderly patients (95.6%, P:=0.08, and 96.3%, P:=0.004, respectively) but not in young controls. Only stroke patients had a significantly lower median SaO(2) after completion of the meal (95. 4%, P:<0.001). SaO(2) of </=90% during and after eating occurred in 24% of stroke and 16% of elderly patients but not in young controls, and it was significantly more common in those who had SaO(2) of </=90% during the baseline recordings (P:</=0.003).


CONCLUSIONS
Eating a meal was associated with a small fall in median SaO(2) among stroke and elderly patients, but only in stroke patients did this persist for at least 10 minutes after eating. A quarter of stroke patients had episodes in which the SaO(2) fell to </=90% saturation (ie, hypoxemia) during or after eating, although this rarely coincided exactly with swallowing and was more common in patients who also experienced desaturation during the baseline recordings. Further studies are required to establish whether these changes are clinically important.
Autonomous, Vision-based Flight and Live Dense 3D Mapping with a Quadrotor Micro Aerial Vehicle

The use of mobile robots in search-and-rescue and disaster-response missions has increased significantly in recent years. However, they are still remotely controlled by expert professionals on an actuator set-point level, and they would benefit, therefore, from any bit of autonomy added. This would allow them to execute highlevel commands, such as “execute this trajectory” or “map this area.” In this paper, we describe a vision-based quadrotor micro aerial vehicle that can autonomously execute a given trajectory and provide a live, dense three-dimensional (3D) map of an area. This map is presented to the operator while the quadrotor is mapping, so that there are no unnecessary delays in the mission. Our system does not rely on any external positioning system (e.g., GPS or motion capture systems) as sensing, computation, and control are performed fully onboard a smartphone processor. Since we use standard, off-the-shelf components from the hobbyist and smartphone markets, the total cost of our system is very low. Due to its low weight (below 450 g), it is also passively safe and can be deployed close to humans. We describe both the hardware and the software architecture of our system. We detail our visual odometry pipeline, the state estimation and control, and our live dense 3D mapping, with an overview of how all the modules work and how they have been integrated into the final system. We report the results of our experiments both indoors and outdoors. Our quadrotor was demonstrated over 100 times at multiple trade fairs, at public events, and to rescue professionals. We discuss the practical challenges and lessons learned. Code, datasets, and videos are publicly available to the robotics community. C © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical spectrum of reflux esophagitis among 25,536 Koreans who underwent a health check-up: a nationwide multicenter prospective, endoscopy-based study.

BACKGROUND
Gastroesophageal reflux is a commonly encountered condition, but detailed data on reflux symptoms in Asian countries are lacking.


GOALS
To evaluate the prevalence and to document the clinical spectrum of endoscopic reflux esophagitis (RE).


STUDY
A total 25,536 subjects underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination as part of a health check, and completed a gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire. Endoscopic findings classified according to the Los Angeles (LA) classification and the data from gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire were analyzed.


RESULTS
On the basis of endoscopic findings, 2019 subjects (7.91%) were found to have RE: 5.87% in LA-A; 1.84% in LA-B; 0.18% in LA-C; and 0.02% in LA-D. Heartburn, acid regurgitation, chest pain, hoarseness, globus sensation, cough, and epigastric soreness were found to be associated with RE (P<0.05). Heartburn, acid regurgitation, and epigastric soreness were more frequent in LA-B than in LA-A (P<0.05). Epigastric soreness was most bothersome in LA-A and LA-B, and acid regurgitation was most bothersome in LA-C and LA-D (P<0.01). Heartburn, hoarseness, and globus sensation were more frequent in men with RE, and acid regurgitation was most common in women.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of RE was found to be 7.91% in Korea, and the profiles of reflux symptoms were found to depend on grade of RE and sex.
Efficient placement of distributed on-chip decoupling capacitors in nanoscale ICs

Decoupling capacitors are widely used to reduce power supply noise. On-chip decoupling capacitors have traditionally been allocated into the white space available on the die based on an unsystematic or ad hoc approach. In this way, large decoupling capacitors are often placed at a significant distance from the current load, compromising the signal integrity of the system. This issue of power delivery cannot be alleviated by simply increasing the size of the on-chip decoupling capacitors. To be effective, the on-chip decoupling capacitors should be placed physically close to the current loads. The area occupied by the on-chip decoupling capacitor, however, is directly proportional to the magnitude of the capacitor. The minimum impedance between the on-chip decoupling capacitor and the current load is therefore fundamentally affected by the magnitude of the capacitor.
 A distributed on-chip decoupling capacitor network is proposed in this paper. A system of distributed on-chip decoupling capacitors is shown to provide an efficient solution for providing the required on-chip decoupling capacitance under existing technology constraints. In a system of distributed on-chip decoupling capacitors, each capacitor is sized based on the parasitic impedance of the power distribution grid. Various tradeoffs in a system of distributed on-chip decoupling capacitors are also discussed. Related simulation results for typical values of on-chip parasitic resistance are also presented. An analytic solution is shown to provide accurate distributed system. The worst case error is 0.003% as compared to SPICE. Techniques presented in this paper are applicable not only for current technologies, but also provide an efficient placement of the on-chip decoupling capacitors in future technology generations.
A phase I feasibility study of multi-modality imaging assessing rapid expansion of marrow fat and decreased bone mineral density in cancer patients.

PURPOSE
Cancer survivors are at an increased risk for fractures, but lack of effective and economical biomarkers limits quantitative assessments of marrow fat (MF), bone mineral density (BMD) and their relation in response to cytotoxic cancer treatment. We report dual energy CT (DECT) imaging, commonly used for cancer diagnosis, treatment and surveillance, as a novel biomarker of MF and BMD.


METHODS
We validated DECT in pre-clinical and phase I clinical trials and verified with water-fat MRI (WF-MRI), quantitative CT (QCT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Basis material composition framework was validated using water and small-chain alcohols simulating different components of bone marrow. Histologic validation was achieved by measuring percent adipocyte in the cadaver vertebrae and compared with DECT and WF-MRI. For a phase I trial, sixteen patients with gynecologic malignancies (treated with oophorectomy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy) underwent DECT, QCT, WF-MRI and DXA before and 12months after treatment. BMD and MF percent and distribution were quantified in the lumbar vertebrae and the right femoral neck.


RESULTS
Measured precision (3mg/cm(3)) was sufficient to distinguish test solutions. Adiposity in cadaver bone histology was highly correlated with MF measured using DECT and WF-MRI (r=0.80 and 0.77, respectively). In the clinical trial, DECT showed high overall correlation (r=0.77, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.83) with WF-MRI. MF increased significantly after treatment (p<0.002). Chemotherapy and radiation caused greater increases in MF than oophorectomy (p<0.032). L4 BMD decreased 14% by DECT, 20% by QCT, but only 5% by DXA (p<0.002 for all). At baseline, we observed a statistically significant inverse association between MF and BMD which was dramatically attenuated after treatment.


CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrated that DECT, similar to WF-MRI, can accurately measure marrow adiposity. Both imaging modalities show rapid increase in MF following cancer treatment. Our results suggest that MF and BMD cannot be used interchangeably to monitor skeletal health following cancer therapy.
Epidemiology of valvular heart disease in a Swedish nationwide hospital-based register study

OBJECTIVE
Transitions in the spectrum of valvular heart diseases (VHDs) in developed countries over the 20th century have been reported from clinical case series, but large, contemporary population-based studies are lacking.


METHODS
We used nationwide registers to identify all patients with a first diagnosis of VHD at Swedish hospitals between 2003 and 2010. Age-stratified and sex-stratified incidence of each VHD and adjusted comorbidity profiles were assessed.


RESULTS
In the Swedish population (n=10 164 211), the incidence of VHD was 63.9 per 100 000 person-years, with aortic stenosis (AS; 47.2%), mitral regurgitation (MR; 24.2%) and aortic regurgitation (AR; 18.0%) contributing most of the VHD diagnoses. The majority of VHDs were diagnosed in the elderly (68.9% in subjects aged ≥65 years), but pulmonary valve disease incidence peaked in newborns. Incidences of AR, AS and MR were higher in men who were also more frequently diagnosed at an earlier age. Mitral stenosis (MS) incidence was higher in women. Rheumatic fever was rare. Half of AS cases had concomitant atherosclerotic vascular disease (48.4%), whereas concomitant heart failure and atrial fibrillation were common in mitral valve disease and tricuspid regurgitation. Other common comorbidities were thoracic aortic aneurysms in AR (10.3%), autoimmune disorders in MS (24.5%) and abdominal hernias or prolapse in MR (10.7%) and TR (10.3%).


CONCLUSIONS
Clinically diagnosed VHD was primarily a disease of the elderly. Rheumatic fever was rare in Sweden, but specific VHDs showed a range of different comorbidity profiles . Pronounced sex-specific patterns were observed for AR and MS, for which the mechanisms remain incompletely understood.
Staging Transformations for Abstract Machines

We present a complete set of staging transformations for translating a class of interpreters into compilers and executors. Staging transformation is the general process of separating stages or phases of a computation based on the availability of data. While encompassing partial evaluation, staging techniques can be more general, allowing for more powerful and flexible transformation strategies. We employ a particular strategy called pass separation that takes a program p and constructs a pair of programs pl, pz such that P(Z, Y) = P2(P1 (~), v) for all $, y. We apply this method in a restricted setting in which interpreters are described by abstract machines. For an interpreter p the pass separation constructs programs pI and P2 corresponding to a compiler and an executor. The pass separation process includes the an tomatic definition of a semantics-directed machine architecture that serves aa the target code for the compiler. This architecture resembles abstract machine code generated by hand-crafted compilers. Though our method is restricted to a limited class of abstract machines given as term rewriting systems, we argue that this class encompasses a large set of machines derived from operational semantics. We provide an example of our method by transforming an SECD-like machine for call-by-value evaluation of the A-calculus into a compiler and executor for a variant of the Categorical Abstract Machine.
Assessing the effectiveness of land resource management practices on erosion and vegetative cover using GIS and remote sensing techniques in Melaka watershed , Ethiopia

Background: Land resource management measures, such as soil bund, trench, check dams and plantation had been practiced in Melaka watershed, Ethiopia since 2010. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of above measures on soil loss rate, vegetative cover and livelihood of the population. Results: The land cover spatial data sets were created from Landsat satellite images of 2010 and 2015 using ERDAS IMAGINE 2014®. Soil loss rate was calculated using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and its input data were generated from field investigation, satellite imageries and rainfall analysis. Data on land resource of the study area and its impact on livelihood were collected through face-to-face interview and key informants. The results revealed that cropland decreased by 9% whereas vegetative cover and grassland increased by 96 and 136%, respectively. The soil loss rate was 19.2 Mg ha−1 year−1 in 2010 and 12.4 Mg ha−1 year−1 in 2015, accounting to 34% decrease over 5 years. It may be attributed to construction of soil bund and the biological measures practiced by the stakeholders. Consequently, land productivity and availability of forage was improved which substantially contributed to the betterment of people’s livelihood. Conclusions: The land resource management measures practiced in the study area were highly effective for reducing soil loss, improving vegetation cover and livelihood of the population.
An improved method of early diagnosis of smoking-induced respiratory changes using machine learning algorithms

The purpose of this study was to develop an automatic classifier to increase the accuracy of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) for diagnosing early respiratory abnormalities in smoking patients. The data consisted of FOT parameters obtained from 56 volunteers, 28 healthy and 28 smokers with low tobacco consumption. Many supervised learning techniques were investigated, including logistic linear classifiers, k nearest neighbor (KNN), neural networks and support vector machines (SVM). To evaluate performance, the ROC curve of the most accurate parameter was established as baseline. To determine the best input features and classifier parameters, we used genetic algorithms and a 10-fold cross-validation using the average area under the ROC curve (AUC). In the first experiment, the original FOT parameters were used as input. We observed a significant improvement in accuracy (KNN=0.89 and SVM=0.87) compared with the baseline (0.77). The second experiment performed a feature selection on the original FOT parameters. This selection did not cause any significant improvement in accuracy, but it was useful in identifying more adequate FOT parameters. In the third experiment, we performed a feature selection on the cross products of the FOT parameters. This selection resulted in a further increase in AUC (KNN=SVM=0.91), which allows for high diagnostic accuracy. In conclusion, machine learning classifiers can help identify early smoking-induced respiratory alterations. The use of FOT cross products and the search for the best features and classifier parameters can markedly improve the performance of machine learning classifiers.
ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND BIONOMICS Compartilhamento de Recursos Florais por Vespas Sociais (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) e Abelhas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) em uma Área de Caatinga

Wasps and bees are important components of fl ower visitor guilds in the Neotropical region. The abundance of social wasps and bees, collected during fl ower visits, was used to calculate niche breadth and niche overlap indices, in order to characterize the utilization of the fl oral resources by those insects. Samples were taken monthly, for 13 months (156h), by two collectors which captured the specimes on fl owers using entomological nets, while walking along a way in an area of caatinga at Itatim, State of Bahia, Brazil. Wasps and bees heavily visited a few sources of fl oral resources, but the most visited plants by each group were different, and few plant species were important for both groups, resulting in low niche overlap between bees and wasps. The niche overlap among wasp species was generally higher than among bee species. The general overlap, which takes into consideration all species together was low (< 30%).
POVERTY, FAMILIES AND THE INVESTMENT STATE

ABSTRACT Finland and Germany are traditionally seen as members of different welfare regimes with rather different approaches to family policies. During the last decade or so, poverty concerns have received an increasingly prominent position within family policy in both countries. The objects for these concerns have been different constellations of ‘poor’ families, and the policies pursued to counteract poverty have ranged from targeted measures to investments in childcare services. It has been suggested that the motivation behind recent social policy developments in Europe is a stronger accentuation of so-called social investment ideas calling for more activation, targeting and higher future returns through investments in human capital. This article explores the impact of social investment ideas on policy discourses about family-related poverty in Finland and Germany since the late-1980s by analysing poverty constructions and anti-poverty policy recommendations in government and party programs. The findin...