LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
The impact of a measurement and feedback intervention on blood pressure control in ambulatory cardiology practice.

BACKGROUND
Although hypertension is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor, up to one-third of ambulatory patients have uncontrolled blood pressure (BP). We evaluated the impact of a targeted provider feedback intervention on rates of BP control.


METHODS
Clinic BP readings were aggregated among approximately 3,000 hypertensive patients followed up in 42 outpatient cardiology clinic practices at a large quaternary care academic medical center. Physician practices received quarterly reports on BP control rates. Provider-specific reports were benchmarked vs overall peer performance and distributed quarterly between September 2011 and September 2012. Rates of BP control were evaluated before and after the intervention. Medical record reviews were performed for a subset of patients with uncontrolled BP before (n = 300) and after (n = 300) the intervention to evaluate provider responses and interventions.


RESULTS
At baseline, 27.9% of clinic patients had uncontrolled BP. After one 1 of reports, the rate of uncontrolled BP remained unchanged (27.7%, P = .86). Analysis of provider performance revealed a subset of providers who consistently outperform their peers. In the sample of patients selected for medical record reviews, at baseline (n = 300) and follow-up (n = 300), cardiologists discussed BP in 80% of clinic notes for patients with uncontrolled BP. Cardiologists more frequently documented repeat measurements after the intervention (28.0% vs 35.7%, P = .04). No other changes were found in documentation of provider responses to BP.


CONCLUSIONS
Clinician-specific audit and feedback reports as a stand-alone intervention did not affect overall BP control rates in cardiology clinics. Future BP control interventions should consider real-time patient-specific reminders, provider incentive programs, and patient engagement interventions.
Effect of intense interval workouts on running economy using three recovery durations

The purposes of this study were to determine whether running economy (RE) is adversely affected following intense interval bouts of 10 × 400-m running, and whether there is an interaction effect between RE and recovery duration during the workouts. Twelve highly trained male endurance athletes [maximal oxygen consumption; V˙O2 max =72.5 (4.3) ml·kg−1·min−1; mean (SD)] performed three interval running workouts of 10 × 400 m with a minimum of 4 days between runs. Recovery duration between the repetitions was randomly assigned at 60, 120 or 180 s. The velocity for each 400-m run was determined from a treadmill V˙O2 max test. The average running velocity was 357.9 (9.0) m · min−1. Following the workout, the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) increased significantly (P < 0.01) as recovery duration between the 400-m repetitions decreased (14.4, 16.1, and 17.7 at 180s, 120s, and 60 s recovery, respectively). Prior to and following each workout, RE was measured at speeds of 200 and 268 m · min−1. Changes in RE from pre- to post-workout, as well as heart rate (HR) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) were similar for the three recovery conditions. When averaged across conditions, oxygen consumption (V˙O2) increased significantly (P < 0.01) from pre- to post-test (from 38.5 to 40.5 ml · kg−1 · min−1 at 200 m · min−1, and from 53.1 to 54.5 ml · kg−1 · min−1 at 268 m · min−1, respectively). HR increased (from 124 to 138, and from 151 to 157 beats · min−1 respectively) and R decreased (from 0.90 to 0.78, and from 0.93 to 0.89, respectively) at 200 and 268 m · min−1, respectively (P < 0.01). This study showed that RE can be perturbed after a high-intensity interval workout and that the changes in V˙O2, HR and R were independent of the recovery duration between the repetitions.
A probabilistic model for linking named entities in web text with heterogeneous information networks

Heterogeneous information networks that consist of multi-type, interconnected objects are becoming ubiquitous and increasingly popular, such as social media networks and bibliographic networks. The task to link named entity mentions detected from the unstructured Web text with their corresponding entities existing in a heterogeneous information network is of practical importance for the problem of information network population and enrichment. This task is challenging due to name ambiguity and limited knowledge existing in the information network. Most existing entity linking methods focus on linking entities with Wikipedia or Wikipedia-derived knowledge bases (e.g., YAGO), and are largely dependent on the special features associated with Wikipedia (e.g., Wikipedia articles or Wikipedia-based relatedness measures). Since heterogeneous information networks do not have such features, these previous methods cannot be applied to our task. In this paper, we propose SHINE, the first probabilistic model to link the named entities in Web text with a heterogeneous information network to the best of our knowledge. Our model consists of two components: the entity popularity model that captures the popularity of an entity, and the entity object model that captures the distribution of multi-type objects appearing in the textual context of an entity, which is generated using meta-path constrained random walks over networks. As different meta-paths express diverse semantic meanings and lead to various distributions over objects, different paths have different weights in entity linking. We propose an effective iterative approach to automatically learning the weights for each meta-path based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm without requiring any training data. Experimental results on a real world data set demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed model in comparison with the baselines.
Organismically-inspired robotics : homeostatic adaptation and teleology beyond the closed sensorimotor loop

In 1972, and later in 1979, at the peak of the golden era of Good Old Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI), the voice of philosopher Hubert Dreyfus made itself heard as one of the few calls against the hubristic programme of modelling the human mind as a mechanism of symbolic information processing (Dreyfus, 1979). He did not criticise particular solutions to specific problems; instead his deep concern was with the very foundations of the programme. His critical stance was unusual, at least for most GOFAI practitioners, in that it did not rely on technical issues, but on a philosophical position emanating from phenomenology and existentialism, a fact contributing to his claims being largely ignored or dismissed for a long time by the AI community. But, for the most part, he was eventually proven right. AI’s over-reliance on worldmodelling and planning went against the evidence provided by phenomenology of human activity as situated and with a clear and ever-present focus of practical concern – the body and not some algorithm is the originating locus of intelligent activity (if by intelligent we understand intentional, directed and flexible), and the world is not the sum total of all available facts, but the world-as-it-is-for-this-body. Such concerns were later vindicated by the Brooksian revolution in autonomous robotics with its foundations on embodiment, situatedness and de-centralised mechanisms (Brooks, 1991). Brooks’ practical and methodological preoccupations – building robots largely based on biologically plausible principles and capable of acting in the real world – proved parallel, despite his claim that his approach was not “German philosophy”, to issues raised by Dreyfus. Putting robotics back as the acid test of AI, as oppossed to playing chess and proving theorems, is now often seen as a positive response to Dreyfus’ point that AI was unable to capture true meaning by the summing of meaningless processes. This criticism was later devastatingly recast in Searle’s Chinese Room argument (1980), and extended by Harnad’s Symbol Grounding Problem (1990). Meaningful activity – that is, meaningful for the agent and not only for the designer – must obtain through sensorimotor grounding in the agent’s world, and for this both a body and world are needed. Following these developments, work in autonomous robotics and new AI since the 1990s rebelled against pure connectionism because of its lack of biological plausibility and also because most of connectionist research was carried out in vacuo – it was compellingly argued that neural network models as simple input/output processing units are meaningless for modelling the cognitive capabilities of insects, let alone humans, unless they are embedded in a closed sensorimotor loop of interaction with a world (Cliff, 1991). Objective meaning, that is meaningful internal states and states of the world, can only obtain in an embodied agent whose effector and sensor activities become coordinated
A Secure m-Payment Protocol for Mobile Devices

Mobile devices, such as cell phones, and PDAs are becoming more popular each day. The large number of mobile users along with the ubiquitous nature of mobile devices has created a huge market for mobile commerce. But for that market to be realized users have to trust the security measures of m-commerce in general and m-payment in particular. In this paper a secure m-payment protocol for mobile devices has been proposed. The main objective in the proposed technique is to have the highest impact, and acceptance among average users. Hence, GSM the fastest growing network that accounts for 75% of the world's digital mobile market is selected as the network. For wider acceptance the simple and user friendly SMS text messaging protocol is selected as the transport channel. The proposed technique is independent of security measures and the systems inside banks and financial institutions. A pilot version of the protocol has been implemented. Simulation results, presented in this paper, indicate that the protocol achieves the expected level of security and can manage most security attacks, while remaining cost effective and easy to use for both the users, and the service providers
Early Diastolic Strain Rate in Relation to Systolic and Diastolic Function and Prognosis in Aortic Stenosis.

OBJECTIVES
This study examined the impact of early mitral inflow velocity-to-early diastolic strain rate (E/SRe) ratio on long-term outcome after aortic valve replacement (AVR) in aortic stenosis (AS).


BACKGROUND
In AS, increased filling pressures are associated with a poor prognosis and can be estimated using the early diastolic mitral inflow velocity-to-early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (E/e') ratio. Recent studies suggest that the E/SRe ratio surpasses the E/e' ratio in estimating outcome.


METHODS
Pre-operative evaluation was performed in 121 patients with severe AS (aortic valve area <1 cm(2)) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of >40% who were scheduled for AVR. Patients were divided according to E/SRe median and followed for 5 years. The primary endpoint was overall mortality.


RESULTS
LVEF was lower (53 ± 7% vs. 56 ± 7%, respectively; p = 0.03) and a restrictive filling pattern more common (28% vs. 8%, respectively, p = 0.005) in patients with increased E/SRe ratio. Five-year overall mortality was increased in patients with high E/SRe (40% vs. 15%, respectively; p = 0.007). In univariate Cox regression analysis, E/SRe, age, European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE), LV mass index, left atrial volume index, LVEF, global longitudinal strain, E/e' ratio, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level were univariate predictors of overall mortality, although when we adjusted for the predefined variables age, history of diabetes mellitus and LVEF, only E/SRe and left atrial volume index remained associated with overall mortality. Even when we included left atrial volume index in the multivariate model, E/SRe was significantly associated with overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1 to 4.4; p < 0.05); additionally, in a model with forward selection, E/SRe was the sole predictor (HR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.6 to 5.5; p = 0.001. The overall log likelihood chi-square analysis of the predictive power of the multivariate model containing E/SRe was statistically superior to models based on the E/e' ratio.


CONCLUSIONS
Pre-operative E/SRe ratio was significantly associated with long-term post-operative survival and was superior to the E/e' ratio in patients with severe AS undergoing AVR. (Effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB) on Left Ventricular Reverse Remodelling After Aortic Valve Replacement in Severe Valvular Aortic Stenosis; NCT00294775).
Experimental human exposure to inhaled grain dust and ammonia: towards a model of concentrated animal feeding operations.

BACKGROUND
Ammonia and endotoxin-rich dust are present in high concentrations in swine confinement facilities; exposure to this environment is linked to workers' respiratory problems. We hypothesized that experimental exposure to ammonia and dust would impair pulmonary function, and that these exposures would be synergistic.


METHODS
We exposed six normal subjects and eight subjects with mild asthma to ammonia (16-25 ppm) and/or endotoxin-rich grain dust (4 mg/m3). Pulmonary function and exhaled NOx were measured before and after exposure.


RESULTS
There was no significant change in pulmonary function in the normal subjects following any of the exposure conditions. Among asthmatics, a significant transient decrease in FEV1 was induced by grain dust, but was not altered by ammonia; increased bronchial hyperreactivity was also noted in this group.


CONCLUSION
In a vulnerable population, exposure to grain dust results in transient airflow obstruction. Short-term exposure to ammonia does not increase this response.
Creating innovative models of clinical nursing education.

Although nursing care has changed significantly over the past 30 years, methods to clinically train nursing students have not. The traditional model of clinical nursing education, where a faculty member oversees a group of six to eight students on an acute care unit for a 4- to 8-hour shift, provides a haphazard approach to learning. A need exists to find innovative ways to effectively train more nursing students to better prepare them for today's health care environment. Using a change framework, seven approaches to clinical nursing education were created through academic-practice partnerships. These approaches may increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the clinical nursing education system.
Motivating medical students to do research: a mixed methods study using Self-Determination Theory

BACKGROUND
It is widely accepted that all medical graduates should understand the uses and methods of rigorous research, with a need to promote research to graduates who will pursue an academic career. This study aimed to explore, identify and explain what motivates and demotivates medical students to do research.


METHODS
A convergent parallel mixed methods study was conducted. Cross-sectional quantitative survey data (n = 579) and qualitative semi-structured interview findings (n = 23) data were separately collected and analysed. Informed by Self-Determination Theory (SDT), quantitative and qualitative findings were integrated to develop a model for the factors associated with medical students' expressed motivation to do research, and related to clinical and research learning activities at different stages in an undergraduate medical program.


RESULTS
Only 7.5% of students had research experience prior to entering the program. Survey results revealed that students who had experienced exposure to the uncertainties of clinical practice through clerkships (Pre-Clinical (48%) vs Clinical Years (64%), p < 0.001), and a sense of achievement through supported compulsory research activities which were conducted as a team (Pre- Community Research (51%) vs Post-Community Research (66%), p < 0.001), were more likely to view future research activities positively. When integrated with qualitative findings using the three SDT domains of autonomy, competence and relatedness, eight major themes were identified: Self & Time, Career, Bureaucracy, Financial, Confidence, Clinical Relevance, Research as a Social Activity, and Personal Relevance. The findings suggest that motivation to do research is associated with increasing internalization of intrinsic motivators; in particular those associated with competence (Confidence) and relatedness (Clinical Relevance, Research as a Social Activity).


CONCLUSIONS
SDT is useful for understanding the motivation of individuals and how curriculum can be designed to optimise motivation. Study findings suggest that well supported compulsory research activities that incorporate group learning and elements of choice may promote motivation to do research, and potentially, careers in research, even in a research naive student body.
Innovation, openness & platform control

We examine how exercising control over a technology platform can increase profits and innovation. Benefits depend on using a platform as a governance mechanism to influence ecosystem parters. Results can inform innovation strategy, antitrust and intellectual property law, and management of competition.
Complex phylogeographic history of central African forest elephants and its implications for taxonomy

Previous phylogenetic analyses of African elephants have included limited numbers of forest elephant samples. A large-scale assessment of mitochondrial DNA diversity in forest elephant populations here reveals a more complex evolutionary history in African elephants as a whole than two-taxon models assume. We analysed hypervariable region 1 of the mitochondrial control region for 71 new central African forest elephants and the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 28 new samples and compare these sequences to other African elephant data. We find that central African forest elephant populations fall into at least two lineages and that west African elephants (both forest and savannah) share their mitochondrial history almost exclusively with central African forest elephants. We also find that central African forest populations show lower genetic diversity than those in savannahs, and infer a recent population expansion. Our data do not support the separation of African elephants into two evolutionary lineages. The demographic history of African elephants seems more complex, with a combination of multiple refugial mitochondrial lineages and recurrent hybridization among them rendering a simple forest/savannah elephant split inapplicable to modern African elephant populations.
Midfoot arthritis.

Midfoot arthritis is a common cause of significant pain and disability. Although the medial tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints provide < 7 degrees of sagittal plane motion, the more mobile lateral fourth and fifth TMT joints provide balance and accommodation on uneven ground. These small constrained TMT joints also provide stability and translate the forward propulsion motion of the hindfoot and ankle joint to the forefoot metatarsophalangeal joints from heel rise to toe-off. Posttraumatic degeneration is the primary cause of midfoot arthritis, although primary degeneration and inflammatory conditions can also affect this area. The result is a painful midfoot that can no longer effectively transmit load from the hindfoot to the forefoot. Shoe modifications and orthotic inserts are the mainstay of nonsurgical management. Successful management of midfoot arthritis with orthoses is predicated on achieving adequate joint stabilization while still allowing function. Surgical intervention typically involves arthrodesis of the medial midfoot, although the best treatment of the more mobile lateral column is a subject of debate.
The Role of Gravity in Periorbital and Midfacial Aging.

BACKGROUND
With respect to the pathogenesis of periorbital and midfacial aging, gravity may play a greater role than volume loss.


OBJECTIVES
The authors determined the effect of shifting from the upright to the supine position on specific attributes of facial appearance and ascertained whether facial appearance in the supine position bore any resemblance to its appearance in youth.


METHODS
Participants who showed signs of midface aging were positioned in the upright and supine positions, and photographs were obtained during smiling and repose. For each photograph, examiners graded the following anatomic parameters, using a standardized scale: brow position, tear trough length and depth, steatoblepharon, cheek volume, malar bags/festoons, and nasolabial folds. Some participants provided photographs of themselves taken 10 to 15 years earlier; these were compared with the study images.


RESULTS
Interobserver correlation was strong. When participants were transferred from upright to supine, all anatomic parameters examined became more youthful in appearance; findings were statistically significant. The grading of anatomic parameters of the earlier photographs most closely matched that of current supine photographs of the subjects smiling.


CONCLUSIONS
In the supine position, as opposed to the upright position, participants with signs of midface aging appear to have much more volume in the periorbita and midface. For the subset of participants who provided photographs obtained 10 to 15 years earlier, the appearance of facial volume was similar between those images and the current supine photographs. This suggests that volume displacement due to gravitational forces plays an integral role in the morphogenesis of midface aging.
Propp's Morphology of the Folk Tale as a Grammar for Generation

The semi-formal analysis of Russian folk tales carried out by Vladimir Propp has often been used as theoretical background for the automated generation of stories. Its rigour and its exhaustive description of the constituent elements of Russian folk tales, and the enumeration of the patterns they follow, have acted as inspiration for several story generation systems, both sequential and interactive. Yet most of these efforts have attempted to generalize Propp’s account to types of stories beyond the corpus that it arose from. In the process, a number of the valuable intuitions present in the original work are lost. The present paper revisits Propp’s morphology to build a system that generates instances of Russian folk tales. Propp’s view of the folk tale as a rigid sequence of character functions is employed as a plot driver. Unification is used to incrementally build a conceptual representation of discourse by adding to an ongoing draft story actions that instantiate the character functions. Story actions are defined by pre and post conditions on the state of the plot to account for the causal relations crucial to narrative. The potential of the resulting system for providing a generic story generation system is discussed and possible lines of future work are discussed. 1998 ACM Subject Classification I.2.4 Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods (F.4.1)