LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Personnalisation de l'information: aperçu de l'état de l'art et définition d'un modèle flexible de profils

The goal of personalization is to facilitate the expression of the need for a particular user and to enable him to obtain relevant information when he accesses an information system. The relevance of the information is defined by a set of criteria and preferences specific to each user or community of users. The data describing the users is often gathered in the form of profiles. The content of the profile vary according to the approaches and the applications. The existing approaches answer partially the questions related to the personalization, but it misses a model giving a global vision on the aspects of the taking into account of the preferences of the users. In this article we propose a generic model of profile, which enables the classification of the profile’s contents. We also present some operators of profile manipulation and a platform for the profiles management. Key-words: personalization, generic profile model, operators, profile manipulation Catégorie du texte : Chercheur Personnalisation de l'information: aperçu de l'état de l'art et définition d'un modèle flexible de profils Mokrane Bouzeghoub, Dimitre Kostadinov Laboratoire PRiSM, Université de Versailles 45, avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles {Prénom.Nom@prism.uvsq.fr}
Assertion checking by combined word-level ATPG and modular arithmetic constraint-solving techniques

We present a new approach to checking assertion properties for RTI, design verification. Our approach combines structural, word-level automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) and modular arithmetic constraint-solving techniques to solve the constraints imposed by the target assertion property. Our word-level ATPG and implication technique not only solves the constraints on the control logic, but also propagates the logic implications to the datapath. A novel arithmetic constraint solver based on modular number system is then employed to solve the remaining constraints in datapath. The advantages of the new method are threefold. First, the decision-making process of the word-level ATPG is confined to the selected control signals only. Therefore, the enumeration of enormous number of choices at the datapath signals is completely avoided. Second, our new implication translation techniques allow word-level logic implication being performed across the boundary of datapath and control logic, and therefore, efficiently cut down the ATPG search space. Third, our arithmetic constraint solver is based on modular instead of integral number system. It can thus avoid the false negative effect resulting from the bit-vector value modulation. A prototype system has been built which consists of an industrial front-end HDL parser, a property-to-constraint converter and the ATPG/arithmetic constraint-solving engine. The experimental results on some public benchmark and industrial circuits demonstrate the efficiency of our approach and its applicability to large industrial designs.
Some remarks about Berkovits' superstring field theory

In this short note we would like to discuss general solutions of the Berkovits superstring field theory, in particular the string field action for fluctuation around such a solution. We will find that fluctuations obey the same equation of motion as the original field with the new BRST operator. Then we will argue that the superstring field theory action for fluctuation field has the same form as the original one.
Fuzzy Controller Design Using FPGA for Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking

The cell has optimum operating point to be able to get maximum power. To obtain Maximum Power from photovoltaic array, photovoltaic power system usually requires Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller. This paper provides a small power photovoltaic control system based on fuzzy control with FPGA technology design and implementation for MPPT. The system composed of photovoltaic module, buck converter and the fuzzy logic controller implemented on FPGA for controlling on/off time of MOSFET switch of a buck converter. The proposed maximum power point tracking controller for photovoltaic system is tested using model designed by Matlab/Simulink program with graphical user interface (GUI) for entering the parameters of any array model using information from its datasheet, Simulation and experimental results show that performance of the fuzzy controller with FPGA in a maximum power tracking of a photovoltaic array can be made use of in several photovoltaic products and obtain satisfied result. Keywords-Fuzzy Control; MPPT; Photovoltaic System; FPGA.
Profiling for primary-care presentation, investigation and referral for liver cancers: evidence from a national audit.

BACKGROUND AND AIM
The incidence of liver cancer across Europe is increasing. There is a lack of evidence within the current literature on the identification and investigation of liver cancer within primary care. We aimed to profile liver cancer recognition and assessment as well as the timeliness of liver cancer diagnosis from within the primary-care setting in the UK.


METHODS
Data were obtained from the National Audit of Cancer Diagnosis in Primary Care 2009-2010 and analysed. We calculated the patient interval, the primary-care interval and the number of prereferral consultations for liver cancer. We then compared these data with prior data on the respective indicators for other common cancers.


RESULTS
The median patient interval was 9 days (interquartile range 0-31 days), and the median primary-care interval for liver cancer was 11 days (interquartile range 0-40 days). Of the 90 patients, 21 (23.3%) had three or more consultations with their general practitioner before specialist referral. For the three metrics (patient interval, primary-care interval and number of prereferral consultations), liver cancer has average or longer intervals when compared with other cancers. The most common symptomatic presentation of liver cancer within the primary-care setting was right upper quadrant pain (11%), followed by decompensated liver failure (9%). Of the patients, 12% were diagnosed with liver cancer on the basis of an incidental finding of an abnormal liver function test.


CONCLUSION
This study provides a detailed and thorough overview of the recognition of liver cancer and the promptness of liver cancer identification in an English context, and should inform strategies for improving the timeliness of diagnosis.
A Survey of Indoor Positioning and Object Locating Systems

This paper investigated various indoor positioning techniques and presented a comprehensive study about their advantages and disadvantages. Infrared, Ultrasonic and RF technologies are used in different indoor positioning systems. RFID positioning systems based on RSSI technology are the most recent developments. Positioning accuracy was greatly improved by using integrated RFID technologies.
A Review of Feature Extraction in Sentiment Analysis

Abstract: Rapid increase in internet users along with growing power of online review sites and social media has given birth to Sentiment analysis or Opinion mining, which aims at determining what other people think and comment. Sentiments or Opinions contain public generated content about products, services, policies and politics. People are usually interested to seek positive and negative opinions containing likes and dislikes, shared by users for features of particular product or service. Therefore product features or aspects have got significant role in sentiment analysis. In addition to sufficient work being performed in text analytics, feature extraction in sentiment analysis is now becoming an active area of research. This review paper discusses existing techniques and approaches for feature extraction in sentiment analysis and opinion mining. In this review we have adopted a systematic literature review process to identify areas well focused by researchers, least addressed areas are also highlighted giving an opportunity to researchers for further work. We have also tried to identify most and least commonly used feature selection techniques to find research gaps for future work. Rapid increase in internet users along with growing power of online review sites and social media has given birth to Sentiment analysis or Opinion mining, which aims at determining what other people think and comment. Sentiments or Opinions contain public generated content about products, services, policies and politics. People are usually interested to seek positive and negative opinions containing likes and dislikes, shared by users for features of particular product or service. Therefore product features or aspects have got significant role in sentiment analysis. In addition to sufficient work being performed in text analytics, feature extraction in sentiment analysis is now becoming an active area of research. This review paper discusses existing techniques and approaches for feature extraction in sentiment analysis and opinion mining. In this review we have adopted a systematic literature review process to identify areas well focused by researchers, least addressed areas are also highlighted giving an opportunity to researchers for further work. We have also tried to identify most and least commonly used feature selection techniques to find research gaps for future work.
A low-profile high-voltage compact gas switch

This paper discusses the development and testing of a low-profile, high-voltage, spark-gap switch designed to be closely coupled with other components into an integrated high-energy pulsed-power source. The switch is designed to operate at 100 kV using SF/sub 6/ gas pressurized to less than 0.7 MPa. The volume of the switch cavity region is less than 1.5 cm/sup 3/, and the field stress along the gas-dielectric interface is as high as 130 kV/cm. The dielectric switch body has a low profile that is only 1-cm tall at its greatest extent and nominally 2-mm thick over most of its area. Field modeling was done to determine the appropriate shape for the highly stressed insulator and electrodes, and special manufacturing techniques were employed to mitigate the usual mechanisms that induce breakdown and failure in solid dielectrics. Static breakdown tests verified that the switch operates satisfactorily at 100 kV levels. The unit has been characterized with different shaped electrodes. Capacitor discharge tests in a low inductance test fixture exhibited peak currents up to 25 kA with characteristic frequencies of the ringdown circuit ranging from 10 to 20 MHz. The ringdown waveforms and scaling of measured parameters agree well with circuit modeling of the switch and test fixture. Repetitive operation has been demonstrated at moderate rep-rates up to 15 Hz, limited by the power supply being used. Preliminary tests to evaluate lifetime of the compact switch assembly have been encouraging.
Electricity consumption and economic growth: a time series experience for 17 African countries

While the availability of electricity by itself is not a panacea for the economic and social problems facing Africa, the supply of electricity is nevertheless believed to be a necessary requirement for Africa’s economic and social development. This paper tests the long-run and causal relationship between electricity consumption per capita and real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita for 17 African countries for the period 1971–2001 using a newly developed cointegration test proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001) and using a modified version of the Granger causality test due to Toda and Yamamoto (1995). The advantage of using these two approaches is that they both avoid the pre-testing bias associated with conventional unit root and cointegration tests. The empirical evidence shows that there was a long-run relationship between electricity consumption per capita and real GDP per capita for only 9 countries and Granger causality for only 12 countries. For 6 countries there was a positive uni-directional causality running from real GDP per capita to electricity consumption per capita; an opposite causality for 3 countries and bi-directional causality for the remaining 3 countries. The result should, however, be interpreted with care as electricity consumption accounts for less than 4% of total energy consumption in Africa and only grid-supplied electricity is taken into account. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Language Experience and the Perce in Fricatives : Infant an

Literature on young infants’ discrimination abilities for fricative consonants is controversial. The voicing distinction between /s/ and /z/, a phonemic contrast present in Catalan but not in Spanish, was selected to analyze early discrimination capacities and the effect of language experience in Catalan monolingual, Spanish monolingual and Catalan-Spanish bilingual populations. By 4 months of age discrimination could only be reached in syllable initial position and for monosyllabic stimuli. By 12 months of age, initial sensitivities had been modified and only infants exposed to Catalan showed discrimination. Bilinguals’ results are in conflict with a language-experience account and they suggest specific perceptual reorganization processes in simultaneous bilingual exposure. Adult data revealed significant differences in discrimination between individuals exposed early in life to Catalan and those only exposed to Spanish, while Catalan-Spanish bilingual participants did not differ from the Catalan group in the perception of this contrast.
Pervious and impervious runoff in urban catchments

Rainfall and runoff depths were examined for 763 storms on 26 urban basins located in 12 countries. For 17 of the basins, impervious surfaces were the major contributors to storm runoff. These basins were generally smaller than 25 ha and had small to medium storms in the data set. Nine basins had significant amounts of runoff from pervious as well as impervious surfaces. Eight of these basins are located in Australia. For all 26 basins, plots of rainfall and runoff depths were used to estimate the effective impervious area and the impervious area initial loss. The data plotted close to a single straight line on all basins, indicating that the effective impervious area remained constant for all storm sizes. The effective impervious fraction was related to total impervious area and the directly connected impervious fraction estimated from maps. For the basins with pervious runoff, the depth of rain in the storm was the most important factor in determining pervious runoff for rainfalls less than 50 mm, while for larger storms other factors including rainfall intensity and antecedent wetness were also found to be significant. Ecoulement d'averses sur des surfaces perméables et imperméables dans des bassins hydrographiques urbains Résumé Cette étude est consacrée aux précipitations et aux écoulements relatifs à 763 averses observés sur 26 bassins hydrographiques urbains situés dans 12 pays différents. Pour 17 bassins, les surfaces imperméables apportent la majeure partie de l'écoulement; la superficie de ces bassins est généralement inférieure à 25 ha et les averses observées d'importance faible ou moyenne en comparaison de l'ensemble des données recueillies. Dans neuf bassins les surfaces perméables apportent, comme les surfaces imperméables, une contribution significative à l'écoulement; huit de ces bassins se trouvant en Australie. Pour l'ensemble des 26 bassins hydrographiques, les graphiques des précipitations et des écoulements ontpermis d'estimer la surface imperméable efficace et la perte initiale de la surface imperméable. Le tracé des données pour chaque bassin est proche d'une ligne droite, indiquant que la surface imperméable efficace reste constante quelle que soit l'importance de l'averse. On a étudie les corrélations existant entre les surfaces imperméables efficaces estimées d'après les données et les surfaces imperméables totales d'une part, les surfaces imperméables drainées par les réseaux d'assainissement d'autre part, ces dernières surfaces étant estimées d'après les plans urbains. Pour les bassins à écoulement perméable, la hauteur de l'averse est le facteur principal de Open for discussion until I June 1994 464 M. J. Boyd et al. l'écoulement perméable pour les précipitations de moins de 50 mm, tandis que pour les averses plus importantes, d'autres facteurs, dont l'intensité pluviale et l'humidité antérieure du sol, se sont révélés importants.
Application of Polling Models to Computer Networks

Takagi, H., Application of polling models to computer networks, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 22 (1991) 193-211. In many computer-communication protocols, the transmission fights are circulated among the users in cyclic order for the sake of fairness. The performance of such protocols has been analyzed in terms of multiple-queue cyclic-service models, or polling models. This paper reviews applications of tile analytical results for polling models to the following communication networks: the half-duplex transmission, polling data link control, MSAP (BRAM), Newhall loop, and explicit and implicit token passing protocols. Substitution of the network parameters into the parameters of polling models is illustrated, and many numerical examples of network performance are provided. Protocol features that are difficult to incorporate into currently analyzable models are also discussed for potential future research.
Throughput-Optimized FPGA Accelerator for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have gained great success in various computer vision applications. State-of-the-art CNN models for large-scale applications are computation intensive and memory expensive and, hence, are mainly processed on high-performance processors like server CPUs and GPUs. However, there is an increasing demand of high-accuracy or real-time object detection tasks in large-scale clusters or embedded systems, which requires energy-efficient accelerators because of the green computation requirement or the limited battery restriction. Due to the advantages of energy efficiency and reconfigurability, Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have been widely explored as CNN accelerators. In this article, we present an in-depth analysis of computation complexity and the memory footprint of each CNN layer type. Then a scalable parallel framework is proposed that exploits four levels of parallelism in hardware acceleration. We further put forward a systematic design space exploration methodology to search for the optimal solution that maximizes accelerator throughput under the FPGA constraints such as on-chip memory, computational resources, external memory bandwidth, and clock frequency. Finally, we demonstrate the methodology by optimizing three representative CNNs (LeNet, AlexNet, and VGG-S) on a Xilinx VC709 board. The average performance of the three accelerators is 424.7, 445.6, and 473.4GOP/s under 100MHz working frequency, which outperforms the CPU and previous work significantly.
On HMM static hand gesture recognition

A real time static isolated gesture recognition application using a Hidden Markov Model approach with features extracted from gestures' silhouettes is presented. Nine different hand poses with various degrees of rotation are considered. The system, both simple and effective, uses color images of the hands to be recognized directly from the camera and is capable of processing 23 frames per second on a Quad Core Intel Processor.
Procalcitonin guidance for reduction of antibiotic use in patients hospitalized with severe acute exacerbations of asthma: a randomized controlled study with 12-month follow-up

INTRODUCTION
Patients with severe acute exacerbations of asthma often receive inappropriate antibiotic treatment. We aimed to determine whether serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels can effectively and safely reduce antibiotic exposure in patients experiencing exacerbations of asthma.


METHODS
In this randomized controlled trial, a total of 216 patients requiring hospitalization for severe acute exacerbations of asthma were screened for eligibility to participate and 169 completed the 12-month follow-up visit. Patients were randomized to either PCT-guided (PCT group) or standard (control group) antimicrobial therapy. In the control group, patients received antibiotics according to the attending physician's discretion; in the PCT group, patients received antibiotics according to an algorithm based on serum PCT levels. The primary end point was antibiotic exposure; secondary end points were clinical recovery, length of hospital stay, clinical and laboratory parameters, spirometry, number of asthma exacerbations, emergency room visits, hospitalizations and need for corticosteroid use due to asthma.


RESULTS
PCT guidance reduced antibiotic prescription (48.9% versus 87.8%, respectively; P < 0.001) and antibiotic exposure (relative risk, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.70; P < 0.001) compared to standard therapy. There were no significant differences in clinical recovery, length of hospital stay or clinical, laboratory and spirometry outcomes in both groups. Number of asthma exacerbations, emergency room visits, hospitalizations and need for corticosteroid use due to asthma were similar during the 12-month follow-up period.


CONCLUSION
A PCT-guided strategy allows antibiotic exposure to be reduced in patients with severe acute exacerbation of asthma without apparent harm.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Chinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR-TRC-12002534 (registered 26 September 2012).
Intraday dynamics of stock market returns and volatility

This paper provides new empirical evidence for intraday scaling behavior of stock market returns utilizing a 5min stock market index (the Dow Jones Industrial Average) from the New York Stock Exchange. It is shown that the return series has a multifractal nature during the day. In addition, we show that after a financial ‘‘earthquake’’, aftershocks in the market follow a power law, analogous to Omori’s law. Our findings indicate that the moments of the return distribution scale nonlinearly across time scales and accordingly, volatility scaling is nonlinear under such a data generating mechanism. r 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Hash Kernels for Structured Data

We propose hashing to facilitate efficient kernels. This gen eralizes previous work using sampling and we show a principled way to compute the kernel matrix for d ata streams and sparse feature spaces. Moreover, we give deviation bounds from the exact ke rnel matrix. This has applications to estimation on strings and graphs.