LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Prepubertal labial adhesions: evaluation of a referral population.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess patient demographics, clinical presentation, response to previous treatment, and current evaluation of prepubertal girls referred for gynecologic care of labial agglutination.


STUDY DESIGN
A retrospective chart review of all prepubertal female patients with labial agglutination referred from 1996 through 2001.


RESULTS
Twenty-three girls were diagnosed with labial agglutination during the review period. All of the diagnoses were made by a primary care provider. At the time of referral, most patients had received medical therapy, but had not obtained resolution of their labial agglutination with topical estrogen. Twenty-two of the 23 patients required manual separation of the labial adhesions. Findings most frequently revealed a pinpoint opening and thick (3-4 mm) adhesions with >90% of the vestibule adhered in 21 of 23 girls. Nine of 23 girls had recurrence of adhesions. Four girls required a repeat manual separation because of recurrent thick adhesions. One of 4 girls required a third manual separation. Five of the 9 recurrences were treated successfully with topical estrogen.


CONCLUSION
Gynecologists who treat patients with labial agglutination frequently may encounter children for whom medical treatment has failed. Patients whose condition does not respond to topical therapy may have thick adhesions and require manual separation.
Development and Validation of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI)

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to develop a self-administered scale based on the special features of smartphone. The reliability and validity of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) was demonstrated.


METHODS
A total of 283 participants were recruited from Dec. 2012 to Jul. 2013 to complete a set of questionnaires, including a 26-item SPAI modified from the Chinese Internet Addiction Scale and phantom vibration and ringing syndrome questionnaire. There were 260 males and 23 females, with ages 22.9 ± 2.0 years. Exploratory factor analysis, internal-consistency test, test-retest, and correlation analysis were conducted to verify the reliability and validity of the SPAI. Correlations between each subscale and phantom vibration and ringing were also explored.


RESULTS
Exploratory factor analysis yielded four factors: compulsive behavior, functional impairment, withdrawal and tolerance. Test-retest reliabilities (intraclass correlations  = 0.74-0.91) and internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.94) were all satisfactory. The four subscales had moderate to high correlations (0.56-0.78), but had no or very low correlation to phantom vibration/ringing syndrome.


CONCLUSION
This study provides evidence that the SPAI is a valid and reliable, self-administered screening tool to investigate smartphone addiction. Phantom vibration and ringing might be independent entities of smartphone addiction.
Translation, adaptation and validation of "Community Integration Questionnaire".

OBJECTIVE
To translate, adapt, and validate the "Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ)," a tool that evaluates community integration after traumatic brain injury (TBI).


METHODS
A study of 61 TBI survivors was carried out. The appraisal of the measurement equivalence was based on a reliability assessment by estimating inter-rater agreement, item-scale correlation and internal consistency of CIQ scales, concurrent validity, and construct validity.


RESULTS
Inter-rater agreement ranged from substantial to almost perfect. The item-scale correlations were generally higher between the items and their respective domains, whereas the intra-class correlation coefficients were high for both the overall scale and the CIQ domains. The correlation between the CIQ and Disability Rating Scale (DRS), the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE), and the Rancho Los Amigos Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale (RLA) reached values considered satisfactory. However, the factor analysis generated four factors (dimensions) that did not correspond with the dimensional structure of the original tool.


CONCLUSION
The resulting tool herein may be useful in globally assessing community integration after TBI in the Brazilian context, at least until new CIQ psychometric assessment studies are developed with larger samples.
Online novelty detection on temporal sequences

In this paper, we present a new framework for online novelty detection on temporal sequences. This framework include a mechanism for associating each detection result with a confidence value. Based on this framework, we develop a concrete online detection algorithm, by modeling the temporal sequence using an online support vector regression algorithm. Experiments on both synthetic and real world data are performed to demonstrate the promising performance of our proposed detection algorithm.
The Effect of Fingolimod on Conversion of Acute Gadolinium‐Enhancing Lesions to Chronic T1 Hypointensities in Multiple Sclerosis

BACKGROUND
Brain lesions converting to chronic T1 hypointensities ("chronic black holes" [CBH]), indicate severe tissue destruction (axonal loss and irreversible demyelination) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Two mechanisms by which fingolimod could limit MS lesion evolution include sequestration of lymphocytes in the periphery or direct neuroprotective effects. We investigated the effect of fingolimod on the evolution of acute gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) brain lesions to CBH in patients with MS.


METHODS
This was a retrospective nonrandomized comparison of patients with Gd+ brain lesions at the time of starting oral fingolimod [.5 mg/day, n = 26, age (mean ± SD) 39.2 ± 10.6 years, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score - median (range): 1.75 (0, 6.5)] to those on no therapy [n = 30, age 41.7 ± 9.3 years; EDSS 1.0 (0, 6)]. Each lesion was classified by whether it converted to a CBH in the year following treatment.


RESULTS
In the fingolimod group, 99 Gd+ baseline lesions (mean ± SD, range: 3.8 ± 5.1; 1, 21 per patient) were identified of which 25 (25%) evolved to CBH (1.0 ± 2.0; 0, 10 per patient). The untreated group had 62 baseline Gd+ lesions (2.1 ± 2.3; 1, 13), 26 (42%) of which evolved to CBH (.9 ± 1.4; 0, 7) (P = .063). Thirteen patients (50%) receiving fingolimod and 17 untreated patients (57%) developed CBH (P = .79).


CONCLUSION
This pilot study shows a trend of fingolimod on reducing the conversion rate from acute to chronic destructive MS lesions. Such an effect awaits verification in larger randomized prospective studies.
Collaboratively built semi-structured content and Artificial Intelligence: The story so far

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Recent years have seen a great deal of work that exploits collaborative, semi-structured content for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing (NLP). This special issue of the Artificial Intelligence Journal presents a variety of state-of-the-art contributions, each of which illustrates the substantial impact that work on leveraging semi-structured content is having on AI and NLP as it continuously fosters new directions of cutting-edge research. We contextualize the papers collected in this special issue by providing a detailed overview of previous work on collaborative, semi-structured resources. The survey is made up of two main logical parts: in the first part, we present the main characteristics of collaborative resources that make them attractive for AI and NLP research; in the second part, we present an overview of how these features have been exploited to tackle a variety of long-standing issues in the two fields, in particular the acquisition of large amounts of machine-readable knowledge, and its application to a wide range of tasks. The overall picture shows that not only are semi-structured resources enabling a renaissance of knowledge-rich AI techniques, but also that significant advances in high-end applications that require deep understanding capabilities can be achieved by synergistically exploiting large amounts of machine-readable structured knowledge in combination with sound statistical AI and NLP techniques.
The One-Piece Orbitozygomatic Approach: The MacCarty Burr Hole and the Inferior Orbital Fissure as Keys to Technique and Application

  Objective. Use of the MacCarty keyhole burr hole and the inferior orbital fissure provides simplicity and safety to perform the one-piece frontotemporal orbitozygomatic (FTOZ1) approach.  Methods. We performed the FTOZ1 approach with its three subtypes (i.e., total, temporal, and frontal) in cadaveric head specimens in the Goodyear Laboratory and subsequently in surgical cases.  Results. The orbitozygomatic osteotomy, when added to a frontotemporal craniotomy, comprises the frontotemporal orbitozygomatic (FTOZ) approach, provides an expanded exposure to the anterior and middle cranial fossae, and enables the surgeon to create a window to the posterior cranial fossa. The MacCarty burr hole is used to facilitate orbital cuts, and the anterolateral portion of the inferior orbital fissure connects the orbital cuts to the zygomatic cuts. This allows the FTOZ1 craniotomy flap to be “out-fractured” with ease. The three types of FTOZ1 approach, i.e., the total, the temporal, and the frontal, are described step by step.  Conclusions. Understanding the MacCarty keyhole burr hole and the microsurgical anatomy of the inferior orbital fissure is essential to performing the FTOZ1 approach. The three types of FTOZ1 approach enable the surgeon to tailor the approach according to the surgical exposure needed for each lesion.
Treatment timing for an orthopedic approach to patients with increased vertical dimension.

INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of treatment timing on the effectiveness of vertical-pull chincup (V-PCC) therapy in conjunction with a bonded rapid maxillary expander (RME) in growing subjects with mild-to-severe hyperdivergent facial patterns.


METHODS
The records of 39 subjects treated with a bonded RME combined with a V-PCC were compared with 29 untreated subjects with similar vertical skeletal disharmonies. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed before (T1) and after treatment or observation (T2). Both the treated and the untreated samples were divided into prepubertal and pubertal groups on the basis of cervical vertebral maturation (prepubertal treated group, 21 subjects; pubertal treated group, 18 subjects; prepubertal control group, 15 subjects; pubertal control group, 14 subjects). Mean change differences from T2 to T1 were compared in the 2 prepubertal and the 2 pubertal groups with independent-sample t tests.


RESULTS
No statistically significant differences between the 2 prepubertal groups were found for any cephalometric skeletal measures from T1 to T2. When compared with the untreated pubertal sample, the group treated with the RME and V-PCC at puberty showed a statistically significant reduction in the inclination of the mandibular plane to the Frankfort horizontal (-2.2 mm), a statistically significant reduction in the inclination of the condylar axis to the mandibular plane (-2.2 degrees), and statistically significant supplementary growth of the mandibular ramus (1.7 mm).


CONCLUSIONS
Treatment of increased vertical dimension with the RME and V-PCC protocol appears to produce better results during the pubertal growth spurt than before puberty, although the absolute amount of correction in the vertical skeletal parameters is limited.
A combinatorial proof of Dyson's conjecture

Dyson's conjecture, already proved by Gunson, Wilson and Good, is given a direct combinatorial proof.
Treatment outcome and efficacy of an aligner technique – regarding incisor torque, premolar derotation and molar distalization

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of orthodontic treatment using the Invisalign® system. Particularly, we analyzed the influence of auxiliaries (Attachment/Power Ridge) as well as the staging (movement per aligner) on treatment efficacy.


METHODS
We reviewed the tooth movements of 30 consecutive patients who required orthodontic treatment with Invisalign®. In all patients, one of the following tooth movements was performed: (1) Incisor Torque >10°, (2) Premolar derotation >10° (3) Molar distalization >1.5 mm. The groups (1)-(3) were subdivided: in the first subgroup (a) the movements were supported with the use of an attachment, while in the subgroup (b) no auxiliaries were used (except incisor torque, in which Power Ridges were used). All tooth movements were performed in a split-mouth design. To analyze the clinical efficacy, pre-treatment and final plaster cast models were laser-scanned and the achieved tooth movement was determined by way of a surface/surface matching algorithm. The results were compared with the amount of tooth movement predicted by ClinCheck®.


RESULTS
The overall mean efficacy was 59% (SD = 0.2). The mean accuracy for upper incisor torque was 42% (SD = 0.2). Premolar derotation showed the lowest accuracy with approximately 40% (SD = 0.3). Distalization of an upper molar was the most effective movement, with efficacy approximately 87% (SD = 0.2).


CONCLUSION
Incisor torque, premolar derotation and molar distalization can be performed using Invisalign® aligners. The staging (movement/aligner) and the total amount of planned movement have an significant impact on treatment efficacy.
Diel vertical migration: Ecological controls and impacts on the biological pump in a one-dimensional ocean model

[1] Diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton and micronekton is widespread in the ocean and forms a fundamental component of the biological pump, but is generally overlooked in global models of the Earth system. We develop a parameterization of DVM in the ocean and integrate it with a size-structured NPZD model. We assess the model’s ability to recreate ecosystem and DVM patterns at three well-observed Pacific sites, ALOHA, K2, and EQPAC, and use it to estimate the impact of DVM on marine ecosystems and biogeochemical dynamics. Our model includes the following: (1) a representation of migration dynamics in response to food availability and light intensity; (2) a representation of the digestive and metabolic processes that decouple zooplankton feeding from excretion, egestion, and respiration; and (3) a light-dependent parameterization of visual predation on zooplankton. The model captures the first-order patterns in plankton biomass and productivity across the biomes, including the biomass of migrating organisms. We estimate that realistic migratory populations sustain active fluxes to the mesopelagic zone equivalent to between 15% and 40% of the particle export and contribute up to half of the total respiration within the layers affected by migration. The localized active transport has important consequences for the cycling of oxygen, nutrients, and carbon. We highlight the importance of decoupling zooplankton feeding and respiration and excretion with depth for capturing the impact of migration on the redistribution of carbon and nutrients in the upper ocean.
Traffic light recognition using deep neural networks

Conventional traffic light detection methods often suffers from false positives in urban environment because of the complex backgrounds. To overcome such limitation, this paper proposes a method that combines a conventional approach, which is fast but weak to false positives, and a DNN, which is not suitable for detecting small objects but a very powerful classifier. Experiments on real data showed promising results.
Direct visualization of short transverse relaxation time component (ViSTa)

White matter of the brain has been demonstrated to have multiple relaxation components. Among them, the short transverse relaxation time component (T2<40 ms; T2⁎<25 ms at 3 T) has been suggested to originate from myelin water whereas long transverse relaxation time components have been associated with axonal and/or interstitial water. In myelin water imaging, T2 or T2⁎ signal decay is measured to estimate myelin water fraction based on T2 or T2⁎ differences among the water components. This method has been demonstrated to be sensitive to demyelination in the brain but suffers from low SNR and image artifacts originating from ill-conditioned multi-exponential fitting. In this study, a novel approach that selectively acquires short transverse relaxation time signal is proposed. The method utilizes a double inversion RF pair to suppress a range of long T1 signal. This suppression leaves short T2⁎ signal, which has been suggested to have short T1, as the primary source of the image. The experimental results confirm that after suppression of long T1 signals, the image is dominated by short T2⁎ in the range of myelin water, allowing us to directly visualize the short transverse relaxation time component in the brain. Compared to conventional myelin water imaging, this new method of direct visualization of short relaxation time component (ViSTa) provides high quality images. When applied to multiple sclerosis patients, chronic lesions show significantly reduced signal intensity in ViSTa images suggesting sensitivity to demyelination.
An Adaptive UKF Algorithm for the State and Parameter Estimations of a Mobile Robot

For improving the estimation accuracy and the convergence speed of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), a novel adaptive filter method is proposed. The error between the covariance matrices of innovation measurements and their corresponding estimations/predictions is utilized as the cost function. On the basis of the MIT rule, an adaptive algorithm is designed to update the covariance of the process uncertainties online by minimizing the cost function. The updated covariance is fed back into the normal UKF. Such an adaptive mechanism is intended to compensate the lack of a priori knowledge of the process uncertainty distribution and to improve the performance of UKF for the active state and parameter estimations. The asymptotic properties of this adaptive UKF are discussed. Simulations are conducted using an omni-directional mobile robot, and the results are compared with those obtained by normal UKF to demonstrate its effectiveness and advantage over the previous methods.
Neural Structural Correspondence Learning for Domain Adaptation

We introduce a neural network model that marries together ideas from two prominent strands of research on domain adaptation through representation learning: structural correspondence learning (SCL, (Blitzer et al., 2006)) and autoencoder neural networks (NNs). Our model is a three-layer NN that learns to encode the non-pivot features of an input example into a lowdimensional representation, so that the existence of pivot features (features that are prominent in both domains and convey useful information for the NLP task) in the example can be decoded from that representation. The low-dimensional representation is then employed in a learning algorithm for the task. Moreover, we show how to inject pre-trained word embeddings into our model in order to improve generalization across examples with similar pivot features. We experiment with the task of cross-domain sentiment classification on 16 domain pairs and show substantial improvements over strong baselines.1
X-ray, thermal and dielectric studies of chemically derived lanthanum-modified lead zirconium titanate (7:65:35) ceramics

Lanthanum-modified lead zirconium titanate (PLZT) ceramics, a solid solution of PbTiO3 (ferroelectric) and PbZrO3 (anti-ferroelectrics), are considered to be attractive materials for many device applications such as non-volatile memories, transducers and photographic pick-ups. The formation of PLZT solid solution depends to a large extent on the physicochemical characteristics of the starting raw materials [1]. It is well known [2] that the conventional (high-temperature solid-state reaction) method of preparing PLZT powders causes compositional fluctuations and chemical inhomogeneity, which impair the electromechanical properties of the finished products. The powders prepared by chemical methods such as coprecipitation [3], spray drying [4], freeze drying and liquid drying [5] and sol-gel [6] methods have gained tremendous importance because of their better purity, better homogeneity and enhanced reactivity leading to the development of improved ceramics. A recent observations of diffuse phase transition [7] and relaxor behaviour [8, 9] in PLZT have attracted more attention for thorough studies of the compounds (with different La compositions) synthesised from different methods. In this work, PLZT (7:65:35 La:Zr:Ti) powders were prepared by the chemical method of evaporative decomposition of nitrate solutions. Detailed studies on the structure IX-ray diffraction (XRD)] and phase transition (by thermal and dielectric methods) of the fabricated samples were made to obtain a better understanding of this material for device applications. Reagent grade nitrate salts of lead,_ lanthanum and zirconium and metal-alkoxide (tetra-isopropyl titanate) were used to prepare an aqueous solution of the PLZT compound of composition 7:65:35. Lead nitrate, lanthanum nitrate and zirconyl nitrate were first dissolved in doubly distilled water. Tetraisopropyl titanate (a liquid) was then added directly to the nitrate solution while stirring. The titanium hydrolysed to a intermediate Ti(OH)4 phase and slowly redissolved. Concentrated nitric acid (HNOfl was then added to the solution, which increased the rate at which the solution cleared. Caution was exercised in adding HNO3 to prevent a strong exothermic reaction. PLZT powder was then obtained by heating the solution at 230 °C. The dried powder was subsequently calcined at various temperatures ranging from 230 to 920 °C for 16 h in an air atmosphere. The calcined and milled powder was uniaxially cold pressed at 6 x 107 kgm -2 into pellets of diameter 11.2 mm and thickness 1-2 mm using
JSIM: A Java-Based Query Driven Simulation and Animation Environment

The concept of Web-based simulation can be nally realized using Java. This thesis explains the use of Java in creating a powerful simulation modeling library, JSIM, which is based on the process interaction paradigm. Java threads make it easy for us to implement each process (or active entity) as a thread. JSIM supports both simulation and animation thus rendering the model developer's job easier. A model is constructed by building a graph with nodes (e.g. Queues and ServerBays) and edges (e.g. Transports). An important component of the approach here is the integration of the JSIM library with a Database Management System (DBMS). The conceptual basis for this integration is an environment based on Query Driven Simulation, which allows simulation analysts to study the performance of systems simply by querying a database. Simulation inputs and outputs are stored in databases, and simulation models can be launched as a part of query processing. This integration also resolves a security restriction problem which Java and several web browsers impose. Most browsers (e.g., Netscape Navigator) restrict Java applets from writing into a le on the client's machine which may be necessary to make simulation results available to the user. Our approach bypasses this problem by writing into a database. Databases are much less of a security concern since they already have substantial authorization mechanisms. Date Acknowledgments I would like to thank my major advisor, Dr. John A. Miller, for his constant support and guidance. He has been a source of knowledge and inspiration all the way along. I also wish to thank Dr. Krys Kochut for his valuable suggestions which contributed to improving the features of JSIM, and Dr. Suchendra Bhandarkar for his help. Finally, I wish to thank Shivani Maheshwari for all her help and support through the diicult times.