LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Clinical test for diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome: Systematic review with meta-analysis.

The high incidence and diversity of factors attributed to the etiology of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) makes the diagnosis of this problem somewhat complex and susceptible to misinterpretation. Currently, there is not a defined set of procedures considered as ideal to diagnose PFPS. To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical and functional tests used to diagnose PFPS through a systematic review. We searched relevant studies in the databases Medline, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Embase. The QUADAS score was used to assess the methodological quality of the eligible studies. We analyzed data that indicated the diagnostic properties of tests, such as sensibility, specificity, positive (LR+) and negative (LR-) likelihood ratio, and predictive values. The search identified 16,169 potential studies and five studies met the eligibility criteria. The 5 studies analyzed 25 tests intending to accurately diagnose PFPS. Two tests were analyzed in two studies and were possible to perform a meta-analysis. Within the five studies included, one study had high methodological quality, two studies had good methodological quality and two studies had low methodological quality. Two tests, the patellar tilt (LR+ = 5.4 and LR- = 0.6) and squatting (LR+ = 1.8 and LR- = 0.2), had values that show a trend for the diagnosis of PFPS (LR+ >5.0 and LR- <0.2), however their values do not represent clear evidence regarding diagnostic properties as suggested in the literature (LR+ >10 and LR- <0.1). Future diagnostic studies should focus on the sample homogeneity and standardization of tests analyzed so future systematic reviews can determine with more certainty the accuracy of the tests for diagnosis of PFPS.
An institutional perspective on sources of ERP package-organisation misalignments

Organisations often appear to be unaware of fundamental differences that exist between their organisational context and that which is assumed by ERP package developers. This has undermined expected benefits from ERP implementation, and in extreme cases of package-organisational misalignment, has led to project and even organisational failure. In this study, we explain package-organisational misalignments as the result of differences between the structures embedded in the package and those embedded in the organisation. These differences reflect the different institutional context of the package developers and implementing organisation. Some organisational structures are imposed while other structures are voluntarily adopted. The organisation has less control in the case of imposed structures and misalignments associated with imposed structures are therefore more likely to be resolved through package customization. We apply the framework to three hospitals implementing the same ERP package, identify the structural sources of the misalignments, and analyze the relationship to the type of resolution (package customization or organisational adaptation). We found that imposed structures were indeed overwhelmingly resolved through package customization, while most voluntarily acquired structures were resolved via organisational adaptation. We identified the different context specific sources for these structural differences and contribute to the research on ERP implementation, institutional theory, as well as draw implications for practice in managing package–organisation misalignments. q 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Monitoring of tool wear using measured machining forces and neuro-fuzzy modelling approaches during machining of GFRP composites

The challenges of machining, particularly milling, glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are their abrasiveness (which lead to excessive tool wear) and susceptible to workpiece damage when improper machining parameters are used. It is imperative that the condition of cutting tool being monitored during the machining process of GFRP composites so as to re-compensating the effect of tool wear on the machined components. Until recently, empirical data on tool wear monitoring of this material during end milling process is still limited in existing literature. Thus, this paper presents the development and evaluation of tool condition monitoring technique using measured machining force data and Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference Systems during end milling of the GFRP composites. The proposed modelling approaches employ two different data partitioning techniques in improving the predictability of machinability response. Results show that superior predictability of tool wear was observed when using feed force data for both data partitioning techniques. In particular, the ANFIS models were able to match the nonlinear relationship of tool wear and feed force highly effective compared to that of the simple power law of regression trend. This was confirmed through two statistical indices, namely r 2 and root mean square error (RMSE), performed on training as well as checking datasets. The direct contact between cutting tool, workpiece material, and the chips during machining operation imposes extreme thermal and mechanical stresses on the cutting tool. As a result, changes to the geometry, volume loss, and sharpness of the cutting tool, can occur either gradually or abruptly. These changes, which are known as tool wear, normally take place at the rates dependent upon machining conditions, workpiece material, as well as the cutting tool material or geometry. As discussed in earlier research study [1], abrasive wear on the flank face of the cutting tool has been the dominant wear mechanism that influences the tool sharpness during machining of glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. On the basis of this, reduction of tool sharpness puts constraint on the dimensional accuracies and surface qualities of the composites product. Often, in-service or mechanical performance of poorly machined GFRPs degrades and under the worst circumstances, causes them rejected prior to the end applications. Similar to the case of metallic materials and their metal matrix composite counterparts, it is essential to develop accurate tool wear predictive models as monitoring its condition during machining can extend its useful life. There exists a significant body …
Large-scale analysis of association between polymorphisms in the transforming growth factor beta 1 gene (TGFB1) and osteoporosis: the GENOMOS study.

INTRODUCTION
The TGFB1 gene which encodes transforming growth factor beta 1, is a strong candidate for susceptibility to osteoporosis and several studies have reported associations between bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporotic fractures and polymorphisms of TGFB1, although these studies have yielded conflicting results.


METHODS
We investigated associations between TGFB1 polymorphisms and BMD and fracture in the GENOMOS study: a prospective multicenter study involving 10 European research studies including a total of 28,924 participants. Genotyping was conducted for known TGFB1 polymorphisms at the following sites: G-1639-A (G-800-A, rs1800468), C-1348-T (C-509-T, rs1800469), T29-C (Leu10Pro, rs1982073), G74-C (Arg25Pro, rs1800471) and C788-T (Thr263Ile, rs1800472). These polymorphisms were genotyped prospectively and methodology was standardized across research centers. Genotypes and haplotypes were related to BMD at the lumbar sine and femoral neck and fractures.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences in either women or men at either skeletal site for any of the examined polymorphisms with the possible exception of a weak association with reduced BMD (-12 mg/cm2) in men with the T-1348 allele (p<0.05). None of the haplotypes was associated with BMD and none of the polymorphisms or haplotypes significantly affected overall risk of fractures, however, the odds ratio for incident vertebral fracture in carriers of the rare T788 allele was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.09-2.64), p<0.05.


CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that polymorphic variation in the TGFB1 gene does not play a major role in regulating BMD or susceptibility to fractures. The weak associations we observed between the C-1348-T and lumbar spine BMD in men and between C788-T and risk of incident vertebral fractures are of interest but could be chance findings and will need replication in future studies.
Unesterified plant sterols and stanols lower LDL-cholesterol concentrations equivalently in hypercholesterolemic persons.

BACKGROUND
Plant sterols, in various forms, have been shown to reduce total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Particularly controversial at present is the effect of the degree of hydrogenation of the plant sterols on cholesterol-lowering efficacy and the responsible mechanisms.


OBJECTIVE
Our goal was to examine the effect of supplementation with unesterified plant sterols and stanols on plasma lipid and phytosterol concentrations and cholesterol absorption, synthesis, and turnover.


DESIGN
Fifteen otherwise healthy hypercholesterolemic subjects consumed each of 4 dietary treatments in a randomized crossover design. Unesterified sterols and stanols were blended into the butter component of the diet at a dosage of 1.8 g/d. The diets contained plant sterols (NS), plant stanols (SS), a 50:50 mixture of sterols and stanols (NSS), or cornstarch (control).


RESULTS
Plasma total cholesterol concentrations were 7.8%, 11.9%, and 13.1% lower (P < 0.01) in the NS, SS, and NSS groups, respectively, than in the control group. LDL-cholesterol concentrations were 11.3%, 13.4%, and 16.0% lower (P < 0.03) in the NS, SS, and NSS groups, respectively, than in the control group. Plasma triacylglycerols and HDL-cholesterol concentrations did not differ significantly across diets. Cholesterol absorption efficiency was 56.0%, 34.4%, and 48.9% lower (P < 0.001) in the NS, SS, and NSS groups, respectively, than in the control group. The fractional synthesis rate was higher by 45.5% (P < 0.003) in the NSS group than in the control group. Plasma campesterol and sitosterol concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) in the NS group and sitosterol concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) in the SS group than in the control group.


CONCLUSION
These data indicate that, in their free unesterified form, sterols and stanols lower plasma LDL cholesterol equivalently in hypercholesterolemic persons by suppressing cholesterol absorption.
Wiretap Channel With Causal State Information

A lower bound on the secrecy capacity of the wiretap channel with state information available causally at both the encoder and the decoder is established. The lower bound is shown to be strictly larger than that for the noncausal case by Liu and Chen. Achievability is proved using block Markov coding, Shannon strategy, and key generation from common state information. The state sequence available at the end of each block is used to generate a key to enhance the transmission rate of the confidential message in the following block. An upper bound on the secrecy capacity when the state is available noncausally at the encoder and the decoder is established and is shown to coincide with the aforementioned lower bound for several classes of wiretap channels with state.
Preconditioning Strategy in Stem Cell Transplantation Therapy

Stem cell transplantation therapy has emerged as a promising regenerative medicine for ischemic stroke and other neurodegenerative disorders. However, many issues and problems remain to be resolved before successful clinical applications of cell-based therapy. To this end, some recent investigations have sought to benefit from well-known mechanisms of ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning. Ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning activates endogenous defense mechanisms that show marked protective effects against multiple insults found in ischemic stroke and other acute attacks. As in many other cell types, a sublethal hypoxic exposure significantly increases the tolerance and regenerative properties of stem cells and progenitor cells. So far, a variety of preconditioning triggers have been tested on different stem cells and progenitor cells. Preconditioned stem cells and progenitors generally show much better cell survival, increased neuronal differentiation, enhanced paracrine effects leading to increased trophic support, and improved homing to the lesion site. Transplantation of preconditioned cells helps to suppress inflammatory factors and immune responses, and promote functional recovery. Although the preconditioning strategy in stem cell therapy is still an emerging research area, accumulating information from reports over the last few years already indicates it as an attractive, if not essential, prerequisite for transplanted cells. It is expected that stem cell preconditioning and its clinical applications will attract more attention in both the basic research field of preconditioning as well as in the field of stem cell translational research. This review summarizes the most important findings in this active research area, covering the preconditioning triggers, potential mechanisms, mediators, and functional benefits for stem cell transplant therapy.
COST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN INDIA : AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

The present study of 53 CFOs of corporate India captures the development in the cost management practices such as accounting for overheads, applications of budgetary control and standard costing. It addition to traditional cost management techniques it also deals with applications of contemporary management tools such as activity-based costing. The hypotheses in general deal with the difference in the practices across sectors, stages, and level of adoption of contemporary cost management techniques. The firms are successful in capturing accurate cost and profit information from their ABC cost systems for value chain and supply chain analysis. The results suggest that the firms have better insight for benchmarking and budgeting with ABC cost system yet the consistency in their priority of budget goals is lacking unlike the firms who are using traditional costing systems. However both the ABC and traditional cost system users have clarity of reasons for effective implementations of planning and budgeting process in their organizations There is no significant difference in the application of standard costing between the ABC-users and the traditional costing system users. This implies that the use of activity-based cost systems and standard costing is not mutually exclusive. There is a widespread use of sales variances and material variances vis-à-vis labor and overheads cost variances.
Fast-Track Zika Vaccine Development - Is It Possible?

S have demonstrated that various Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine constructs generate protective immune responses in mice and nonhuman primates,1,2 and two DNA ZIKV vaccine candidates have entered phase 1 human safety testing (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01099852 and NCT02840487). ZIKV vaccine development is advancing rapidly thanks to collaborations among academia, governments, and industry. Current knowledge gaps related to the properties, epidemiology, and pathology of ZIKV increase the complexity of vaccine development (see Table 1), but historical success in developing other flavivirus vaccines encourages optimism. An ongoing epidemic in the Americas and the impact of ZIKV congenital syndrome (ZCS) necessitate rapid development of a safe, efficacious vaccine. As Ebola vaccine–development efforts taught us, conducting sequential, iterative preclinical studies followed by phase escalating human trials is suboptimal in an ongoing outbreak. Preclinical studies of ZIKV vaccine candidates need to continue in parallel with human trials, informing their design and the evolving target product profile
A New robot for environmental monitoring on the Great Barrier Reef

A vast amount of research into autonomous underwater navigation has, and is, being conducted around the world. However, typical research and commercial platforms have limited autonomy and are generally unable to navigate efficiently within coral reef environments without tethers and significant external infrastructure. This paper outlines the development and presents experimental results into the performance evaluation of a new robotic vehicle for underwater monitoring and surveying in highly unstructured environments. The hybrid AUV design developed by the CSIRO robotic reef monitoring team realises a compromise between endurance, manoeuvrability and functionality. The vehicle represents a new era in AUV design specifically focused at providing a truly lowcost research capability that will progress environmental monitoring through unaided navigation, cooperative robotics, sensor network distribution and data harvesting,
Semi-parametric topological memory for navigation

We introduce a new memory architecture for navigation in previously unseen environments, inspired by landmark-based navigation in animals. The proposed semiparametric topological memory (SPTM) consists of a (non-parametric) graph with nodes corresponding to locations in the environment and a (parametric) deep network capable of retrieving nodes from the graph based on observations. The graph stores no metric information, only connectivity of locations corresponding to the nodes. We use SPTM as a planning module in a navigation system. Given only 5 minutes of footage of a previously unseen maze, an SPTM-based navigation agent can build a topological map of the environment and use it to confidently navigate towards goals. The average success rate of the SPTM agent in goal-directed navigation across test environments is higher than the best-performing baseline by a factor of three.
The Future of Traditional Grocery Stores

Grocery stores are required to sign leases many years before the space will be utilized, or renew the already existing leases and thereby tie-up the space for a lot of years. In order for grocers to know exactly what they want in terms of store requirements in the future, they need to know how people will purchase their groceries in that specific time. The complexity is reinforced by new trends and technological developments within the industry. For instance, e-commerce within the food industry is growing markedly and is predicted to continue to grow. The purpose of this report is to investigate how the grocery industry will develop in order to investigate the eventual change in traditional grocery stores’ area requirements. Further, the parameters affecting the requirements are analysed in regards to impact, time horizon and geographical areas in Sweden. Applying the theory behind diffusion of innovation, retail change theory and customer behaviour the purpose is met. In parallel, the trends affecting the research area, such as convenience and technology innovations was investigated. Data was gathered from interviews with industry experts as well as literature and reports. The conclusion of the study is that due to e-commerce and new store concepts, the overall area requirement can increase in certain areas and decrease in others. The largest cities in Sweden are likely to find a solution in order to be able to offer home deliveries. This solution might be a central warehouse, which would decrease the sales area in the physical store. The stores already owning a certain area will most probably redesign the store and utilize the trend of coexistence. Together with the trend of convenience, the new stores will be built in the natural flow of people, which means that the big cities will have more stores with smaller areas in general. For geographical areas with lower population density, the e-commerce is more likely to be of the click & collect alternative. Consequently, the storage section of the store will need to increase in size. In the rural areas, the adoption of e-commerce will not be as fast since the profitability for the companies will not be as high in these areas. The interior changes could mean that the stores will be redesigned, but will not affect the area requirements namely, leaving the area requirements in these areas more or less the same. Key-words: Area requirements, forecasting, e-commerce and grocery store development
Side-effects of post-treatment biopsies in prostate cancer patients treated with endocrine therapy alone or combined with radical radiotherapy in the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-7 randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE
Post-treatment prostate biopsy side-effects were evaluated in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer on endocrine therapy alone or combined with radiotherapy in the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-7 randomized trial.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
One-hundred and twenty patients underwent transrectalultrasound-guided biopsy, and were requested to complete a questionnaire on side-effects occurring within 7 days' follow-up.


RESULTS
The questionnaire was returned by 109 patients (91%) (endocrine therapy only 52%, combined endocrine therapy and radiotherapy 48%). Previous therapy had no significant influence on pain, urinary flow, haematuria or haematospermia. Pain at biopsy was reported in 63% (mild, 57%; moderate, 5.6%; severe, one patient) and pain at follow-up in 31% (mild, 27%; moderate, four patients). Haematuria (mean duration 2.2 days) was reported in 41%, and reduced urinary flow in 20% (mild, 18%; severe: four patients; no patient had urinary retention). Haematospermia was scarce. No patient reported urinary tract infection. Rectal bleeding occurred in 18% in the endocrine and 35% in the combined therapy group (p = 0.047), with a mean duration of 1.6 and 2.2 days, respectively (p = 0.031). In logistic regression analysis, a trend towards increased rectal bleeding was found in patients on combined endocrine therapy and radiotherapy (odds ratio 2.4, p = 0.050).


CONCLUSION
Patient-reported post-treatment prostate biopsy side-effects were mild and self-limiting.
Twin fetus in fetu in a child: a case report and review of the literature

INTRODUCTION
Fetus in fetu is an extremely rare condition wherein a malformed fetus is found in the abdomen of its twin. This entity is differentiated from teratoma by its embryological origin, its unusual location in the retroperitoneal space, and the presence of vertebral organization with limb buds and well-developed organ systems. The literature cites less than 100 cases worldwide of twin fetus in fetu.


CASE PRESENTATION
A two-and-a-half-month-old Asian Indian baby boy had two malformed fetuses in his abdomen. The pre-operative diagnosis was made by performing an ultrasound and a 64-slice computer tomography scan of the baby's abdomen. Two fetoid-like masses were successfully excised from the retroperitoneal area of his abdomen. A macroscopic examination, an X-ray of the specimen after operation, and the histological features observed were suggestive of twin fetus in fetu.


CONCLUSION
Fetus in fetu is an extremely rare condition. Before any operation is carried out on a patient, imaging studies should first be conducted to differentiate this condition from teratoma. Surgical excision is a curative procedure, and a macroscopic examination of the sac should be done after twin or multiple fetus in fetu are excised.