LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Social Structure of Russian Society at the End of the Seventeenth and the Beginning of the Eighteenth Century

In recent years scholars have shown intense interest in the history of slavery in Russia. In their writings, E. N. Kushevaia, V. M. Paneiakh, E. I. Kolychevaia, A A. Zimin, and others have closely analyzed the socioeconomic position and legal status of slaves, the development of the institution of slavery and the part it played in enserfing the peasantry.1
Prevention of oral lesions in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

UNLABELLED
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common form of cancer in children and is responsible for severe stomatologic complications. Treatment consists of four phases of chemotherapy, the main side effect of methotrexate, the drug most used during the intensification phase, is oral mucositis.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical aspects of the oral mucosa of children with ALL and to determine the effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate on the prevention of stomatologic complications in these patients.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Thirty-three children treated for ALL ranging in age from 2 to 15 years, without distinction of gender or race, were submitted to visual examination, digital palpation of the oral mucosa and cytologic examination of the buccal mucosa, and divided into two groups: group I consisted of 23 children using an oral solution of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate twice a day, and group II consisted of 10 children who did not receive this solution. All children received daily oral hygiene care guided by the dentist throughout treatment.


RESULTS
Mucositis was observed in six children of group I and eight of group II, and was characterized by erythema, edema and ulcers. Uniform cytologic findings were obtained for the two groups, with a clear predominance of cells of the intermediate layer in all smears, in addition to a perinuclear halo in 18% of the smears.


CONCLUSION
The present results suggest that systematic preventive treatment with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate and oral hygiene care reduce the occurrence of oral complications in children with ALL undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy.
Reducing online privacy risk to facilitate e-service adoption : the influence of perceived ease of use and corporate credibility

Purpose – The paper aims to examine ways to reduce privacy risk and its effects so that adoption of e-services can be enhanced. Design/methodology/approach – Consumers that form a viable target market for an e-service are presented with the task of experiencing the e-service and expressing their attitudes and intentions toward it. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze the responses. Findings – The paper finds that consumer beliefs that the e-service will be easy to use and that the e-service provider is credible and capable reduce privacy risk and its effects, thus enhancing adoption likelihood. Research limitations/implications – The focus on a financial services product (online bill paying) suggests that similar research should be conducted with other high-risk e-services (such as those dealing with healthcare) and lower-risk e-services (such as subscription services and social networks). Practical implications – In addition to addressing consumers’ privacy risk directly, e-service providers can also reduce privacy risk and its effects by enhancing corporate credibility and perceived ease of use of the service. Increased assessments of privacy risk perceptions and efforts to reduce those perceptions will likely yield higher usage rates for e-services. Originality/value – The use of the technology acceptance model from information systems research, combined with a multi-faceted conceptualization of privacy risk, moves the examination of privacy risk to a higher level, particularly in light of the examination of the additional factors of perceived ease of use and corporate credibility.
Parenteral nutrition does not improve postoperative recovery from radical cystectomy: results of a prospective randomised trial.

BACKGROUND
After radical cystectomy, patients are in a catabolic state because of postoperative stress response, extensive wound healing, and ileus.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether recovery can be improved with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in patients following extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND), cystectomy, and urinary diversion (UD).


DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
We conducted a prospective, randomised, single-centre study of 157 consecutive cystectomy patients.


INTERVENTION
Seventy-four patients (group A) received TPN during the first 5 postoperative days, with additional oral intake ad libitum. Eighty-three patients (group B) received oral nutrition alone.


OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The primary outcome was the occurrence of postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes were time to recovery of bowel function, biochemical nutritional (serum albumin, serum prealbumin, serum total protein) and inflammatory (C-reactive protein) parameters, length of hospital stay, and costs attributed to the TPN. The Pearson χ(2) test was used for dichotomous variables; the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for continuous variables.


RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
Postoperative complications occurred in 51 patients (69%) in group A and in 41 patients (49%) in group B (p=0.013), a difference resulting from group A having more infectious complications than group B (32% vs 11%; p=0.001). Serum prealbumin and serum total protein were significantly lower in group B on postoperative day 7 but not on postoperative day 12. Time to gastrointestinal recovery and length of hospital stay did not differ between the two groups. The costs for TPN were €614 per patient. A potential limitation is the use of a glucose-based parenteral nutrition without lipids.


CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative TPN is associated with a higher incidence of complications, mainly infections, and higher costs following ePLND, cystectomy, and UD versus oral nutrition alone.
Tracking Lung Clearance Index and chest CT in mild cystic fibrosis lung disease over a period of three years.

INTRODUCTION
Lung disease remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). To detect lung disease before clinical symptoms become apparent, sensitive tools are essential. Spirometry is used for monitoring, but the FEV1 remains frequently normal throughout childhood. The Lung Clearance Index (LCI) calculated from Multiple Breath Washout (MBW) was introduced at the CF centre Innsbruck in 2007 for assessing ventilation inhomogeneity in patients with mild lung disease. We hypothesized that LCIs in 2007 are of prognostic value for the presence or absence of structural lung changes in later years.


METHODS
Between 2007 and 2010 MBW, spirometry and ultra-low-dose HR-CT were prospectively tracked in 36 patients (6-53 years) with a mean FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted in 2007.


RESULTS
At study start the majority of patients had abnormal CT scores and LCI results. While CT and spirometry remained largely stable throughout the study, LCI results slightly improved but still correlated with CT scores in 2010. LCI results in 2007 correlated with CT scores in 2010 while FEV1 did not. In 86% the LCI value in 2007 was indicative for the presence or absence of structural lung changes in 2010.


CONCLUSION
The LCI is a sensitive tool for detecting and tracking pulmonary changes. Extended structural changes are unlikely if the LCI is normal. The LCI has the potential to be used for monitoring the progression of early CF lung disease and assessing the effect of treatment in both clinical care and research settings.
Construct and criterion validity of the SF-12 health questionnaire in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina.

BACKGROUND
The aim of the study was to determine the construct and criterion validity of the 12-item short-form questionnaire (SF-12) in coronary patients with either acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina in Spain.


METHOD
A total of 186 patients hospitalized with coronary heart disease have been studied. The construct validity has been analysed by means of the association between the SF-12v.1 and sociodemographic and clinical variables; and the criterion validity was tested by the correlations between 36-item short-form question (SF-36) and SF-12 summary scores. The equivalence between both health questionnaires was examined by means of the proportion of variance in the SF-36 physical and mental component summary (PCS-36 and MCS-36) scores explained by the 12 items adjusted by age and sex.


RESULTS
The validation result was as expected: female patients and those with poor education level, worse mental health, unstable angina, cardiovascular risk factor and co-morbidity obtained a lower score in the SF-12. The correlations between SF-36 and SF-12 summary scores were high. The equivalence between the SF-12 and SF-36 was good, because the models explained 87% of the variation in PCS-36 score and 93% of the variation in MCS-36.


CONCLUSION
The SF-12 is a valid tool in studies assessing health-related quality of life in coronary patients. The use of the SF-12 may be especially useful in patients where the clinical situation make difficult the application of the longer instrument.
Uridine supplementation for the treatment of antiretroviral therapy-associated lipoatrophy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with loss of subcutaneous fat (lipoatrophy) presumably due to mitochondrial toxicity of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. In vitro, uridine abrogates thymidine analogue-induced toxicity in adipocytes.


METHODS
A total of 20 patients with HAART-associated lipoatrophy were randomized to receive either a dietary uridine supplement (36 g three times a day for 10 consecutive days/month) or placebo, for 3 months. Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance imaging and proton spectroscopy. Data are mean +/- standard error of mean.


RESULTS
The mean increases in limb fat (880 +/- 140 versus 230 +/- 270 g; P < 0.05), intra-abdominal fat (210 +/- 80 versus -80 +/- 70 cm3; P < 0.05) and total body fat (1920 +/- 240 versus 240 +/- 520 g; P < 0.01) were significantly greater in the uridine than in the placebo group. Within the uridine group, the changes from baseline to 3 months were statistically significant in total limb fat (P < 0.001), intra-abdominal fat (P < 0.05) and total body fat (P < 0.001). The proportion of limb fat to total fat increased from 18% to 25% (P < 0.05) in the uridine group. Liver fat content and lean body mass remained unchanged in both groups. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations decreased in the uridine and increased in the placebo group, whereas fasting serum insulin concentrations did not change. Uridine supplementation was well tolerated and the virological effect of HAART was not affected.


CONCLUSION
Uridine supplementation significantly and predominantly increased subcutaneous fat mass in lipoatrophic HIV-infected patients during unchanged HAART.
Cannabis Roots: A Traditional Therapy with Future Potential for Treating Inflammation and Pain

Introduction: The roots of the cannabis plant have a long history of medical use stretching back millennia. However, the therapeutic potential of cannabis roots has been largely ignored in modern times. Discussion: In the first century, Pliny the Elder described in Natural Histories that a decoction of the root in water could be used to relieve stiffness in the joints, gout, and related conditions. By the 17th century, various herbalists were recommending cannabis root to treat inflammation, joint pain, gout, and other conditions. There has been a subsequent paucity of research in this area, with only a few studies examining the composition of cannabis root and its medical potential. Active compounds identified and measured in cannabis roots include triterpenoids, friedelin (12.8 mg/kg) and epifriedelanol (21.3 mg/kg); alkaloids, cannabisativine (2.5 mg/kg) and anhydrocannabisativine (0.3 mg/kg); carvone and dihydrocarvone; N-(p-hydroxy-β-phenylethyl)-p-hydroxy-trans-cinnamamide (1.6 mg/kg); various sterols such as sitosterol (1.5%), campesterol (0.78%), and stigmasterol (0.56%); and other minor compounds, including choline. Of note, cannabis roots are not a significant source of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol, or other known phytocannabinoids. Conclusion: The current available data on the pharmacology of cannabis root components provide significant support to the historical and ethnobotanical claims of clinical efficacy. Certainly, this suggests the need for reexamination of whole root preparations on inflammatory and malignant conditions employing modern scientific techniques.
Self-regulatory failure and intimate partner violence perpetration.

Five studies tested the hypothesis that self-regulatory failure is an important predictor of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Study 1 participants were far more likely to experience a violent impulse during conflictual interaction with their romantic partner than they were to enact a violent behavior, suggesting that self-regulatory processes help individuals refrain from perpetrating IPV when they experience a violent impulse. Study 2 participants high in dispositional self-control were less likely to perpetrate IPV, in both cross-sectional and residualized-lagged analyses, than were participants low in dispositional self-control. Study 3 participants verbalized more IPV-related cognitions if they responded immediately to partner provocations than if they responded after a 10-s delay. Study 4 participants whose self-regulatory resources were experimentally depleted were more violent in response to partner provocation (but not when unprovoked) than were nondepleted participants. Finally, Study 5 participants whose self-regulatory resources were experimentally bolstered via a 2-week training regimen exhibited less violent inclinations than did participants whose self-regulatory resources had not been bolstered. These findings hint at the power of incorporating self-regulation dynamics into predictive models of IPV perpetration.
Realtime face detection and tracking using a single Pan, Tilt, Zoom camera

Surveillance cameras generally have a wide field of view and do not capture the human face with a resolution that is sufficient for machine recognition. To overcome this problem, this paper presents a realtime face detection and tracking algorithm using a single PTZ (Pan, Tilt, Zoom) camera. Unlike existing algorithms which track the human face in the field of view of a fixed camera, the proposed algorithm adjusts the pan, tilt and zoom of a PTZ camera in real-time so that human faces can be acquired at the camerapsilas maximum resolution. The proposed algorithm addresses challenges like network delays, camera movement lags, oscillations and lost faces. Experiments were performed in realistic surveillance scenarios and accurate real-time tracking with pan, tilt and zoom was achieved.
A randomised controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of repeated tegaserod therapy in women with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.

BACKGROUND
It has been proposed that treatments for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) should provide rapid symptomatic relief, be intermittent, and effective upon repeated use.


AIMS
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tegaserod on IBS symptoms, and its impact on quality of life and health economic measures.


PATIENTS
Women (> or = 18 years of age) with IBS-C according to the Rome II criteria.


METHODS
Prospective, double blind, placebo controlled, randomised trial. Women with IBS-C either received tegaserod 6 mg twice daily or placebo for one month. Patients with at least a partial response entered a treatment free interval. Upon symptom recurrence, tegaserod treated patients were re-randomised to tegaserod or placebo for an additional month. Primary efficacy variables were response (overall IBS symptoms and abdominal discomfort/pain) to first and repeated treatment. Analysis was by intention to treat.


RESULTS
2660 patients and 1191 patients were randomised for first and repeated treatment respectively. Tegaserod was superior to placebo for each primary efficacy variable (first treatment: 33.7% v 24.2% responders respectively for relief of IBS symptoms and 31.3% v 22.1% for relief of abdominal discomfort/pain; repeated treatment: 44.9% v 28.7%, and 42.4% v 27.1%, all p < 0.0001). Tegaserod was superior to placebo for every secondary efficacy variable (relief of abdominal discomfort/pain, bloating and constipation; stool frequency and consistency). A response to tegaserod was observed within the first treatment week. Tegaserod produced greater satisfaction, work productivity, and improved quality of life than placebo (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSION
Tegaserod provides rapid and sustained relief of IBS-C symptoms both during first and repeated treatment.
Evolution of market heuristics

The time evolution of aggregate economic variables, such as stock prices, is affected by market expectations of individual investors. Neo-classical economic theory assumes that individuals form expectations rationally, thus enforcing prices to track economic fundamentals and leading to an efficient allocation of resources. However, laboratory experiments with human subjects have shown that individuals do not behave fully rational but instead follow simple heuristics. In laboratory markets prices may show persistent deviations from fundamentals similar to the large swings observed in real stock prices. Here we show that evolutionary selection among simple forecasting heuristics can explain coordination of individual behavior leading to three different aggregate outcomes observed in recent laboratory market forecasting experiments: slow monotonic price convergence, oscillatory dampened price fluctuations and persistent price oscillations. In our model forecasting strategies are selected every period from a small population of plausible heuristics, such as adaptive expectations and trend following rules. Individuals adapt their strategies over time, based on the relative forecasting performance of the heuristics. As a result, the evolutionary switching mechanism exhibits path dependence and matches individual forecasting behavior as well as aggregate market outcomes in ∗This work was supported by the ComplexMarkets E.U. STREP project 516446 under FP6-2003-NESTPATH-1. †Corresponding author. Tel.: +31-20-5254246; fax: +31-20-5254349; e-mail: C.Hommes@uva.nl. 1 the experiments. Our results are in line with recent work on agent-based models of interaction and contribute to a behavioral explanation of universal features of financial markets. JEL codes: E37, G12, D84, C91, C92.
Copper-induced hydrolysis of the disulfide bond.

Abstract Hydrolysis of the disulfide bond of a model compound, the disodium salt of 2,2′-(2-hydroxy-6-sulfonaphthyl-1-azo) diphenyl disulfide, in the presence of cupric ion has been demonstrated by the change of the spectrum of the dye during reaction. The effect of pH and of anaerobic conditions upon the hydrolysis was investigated, and the activation energy of the reaction was determined. Solutions of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , AgNO 3 , ZnCl 2 , and CoCl 2 were inactive in promoting hydrolysis at concentrations where copper salts readily activated the reaction. Kinetic evidence points to the formation of a metal-disulfide dye complex prior to nucleophilic attack upon the disulfide bond.
A Fast Modular Reduction Method

We put forth a lookup-table-based modular reduction method which partitions the binary string of an integer to be reduced into blocks according to its runs. Its complexity depends on the amount of runs in the binary string. We show that the new reduction is almost twice as fast as the popular Barrett’s reduction, and provide a thorough complexity analysis of the method.
Introduction to nuclear chemistry.

In a nuclear reaction, the nucleus changes in some essential way, gaining or losing protons and/or neutrons As part of this process, high energy particles or electromagnetic radiation may be given off by the atom The new atom which is produced may be stable, or may itself be radioactive It is not easy to predict whether a given isotope is radioactive This information can be found in reference tables
Broadband vehicle-to-vehicle communication using an extended autonomous cruise control sensor

For several years road vehicle autonomous cruise control (ACC) systems as well as anti-collision radar have been developed. Several manufacturers currently sell this equipment. The current generation of ACC sensors only track the first preceding vehicle to deduce its speed and position. These data are then used to compute, manage and optimize a safety distance between vehicles, thus providing some assistance to car drivers. However, in real conditions, to elaborate and update a real time driving solution, car drivers use information about speed and position of preceding and following vehicles. This information is essentially perceived using the driver’s eyes, binocular stereoscopic vision performed through the windscreens and rear-view mirrors. Furthermore, within a line of vehicles, the frontal road perception of the first vehicle is very particular and highly significant. Currently, all these available data remain strictly on-board the vehicle that has captured the perception information and performed these measurements. To get the maximum effectiveness of all these approaches, we propose that this information be shared in real time with the following vehicles, within the convoy. On the basis of these considerations, this paper technically explores a cost-effective solution to extend the basic ACC sensor function in order to simultaneously provide a vehicle-to-vehicle radio link. This millimetre wave radio link transmits relevant broadband perception data (video, localization . . . ) to following vehicles, along the line of vehicles. The propagation path between the vehicles uses essentially grazing angles of incidence of signals over the road surface including millimetre wave paths beneath the cars.
DIFFERENTIATION AMONG TYPES OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE: RESEARCH UPDATE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTIONS

© 2008 Association of Family and Conciliation Courts Blackwell Publishing Inc M lden, USA FCRE amily Court Review 1531-2445 744 1617 © Association of Family and Conciliation Courts, 2008 XXX Original Article Kelly et al. / DIF ERENTIATION AMONG TYPES OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AMILY COURT REVIEW DIFFERENTIATION AMONG TYPES OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE: RESEARCH UPDATE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTIONS