LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Role of discrete landscape units in controlling catchment dissolved organic carbon dynamics: CATCHMENT DOC EXPORT

[1] The spatial sources and delivery mechanisms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to streams are poorly understood. We examined the relationship between storm DOC dynamics, catchment landscape units, and catchment scale to elucidate controls on DOC export dynamics at the Maimai watersheds, a group of highly responsive, steep, wet catchments located on the west coast of the South Island of New Zealand. Specifically, we address the controls on the characteristic hysteresis in DOC export dynamics (i.e., DOC concentrations higher on the rising than falling limb of the discharge hydrograph) previously ascribed to a flushing mechanism. We found that during the storm event, the proportion of riparian runoff was larger on the rising than falling limb of the hydrograph, while the proportion of hillslope runoff was smaller on the rising than falling limb of the hydrograph. The delayed response of hillslope runoff resulted in a disconnection between hillslope and riparian areas early in the event and higher DOC concentrations on the rising limb than the falling limb of the event hydrograph. Later in the event, hillslope and riparian areas became connected once the hillslope soil moisture deficits were satisfied. We suggest that the relative timing of riparian and hillslope source contributions and the connections and disconnections of dominant runoff contributing areas are the first-order catchment controls on stream DOC concentrations and mass export.
The effect of timing of gamma-irradiation on hemolysis and potassium release in leukoreduced red cell concentrates stored in SAGM.

While irradiation of red cell concentrates (RCC) prevents graft-versus-host disease in susceptible transfusion recipients, it also damages red blood cells (RBC). To understand the ability of irradiation regulations to prevent transfusion of inferior units, we irradiated 980 RCC in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (SAGM) using various combinations of pre-irradiation age and post-irradiation storage times, and measured hemolysis and extracellular potassium levels. We observed unacceptably high hemolysis (>0·8%) in some RCC and elevated extracellular potassium levels in all gamma-irradiated RCC. This suggests that more restrictive storage times should be considered for RCC in SAGM.
Floor effects on the WISC-IV

Seventeen 16-year-olds in special education were given both the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)-III and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)-IV in counterbalanced order. It was found that there was a significant floor effect on the WISC-IV due to low raw scores and raw scores of 0 being given a scaled score of 1. Extrapolating the relationship between raw scores and scaled scores down below raw score, one showed that the WISC-IV may be overestimating some low intelligence quotients (IQs) by several IQ point due to this floor effect.
Class II HLA epitope matching-A strategy to minimize de novo donor-specific antibody development and improve outcomes.

De novo donor-specific antibody (dnDSA) develops in 15-25% of renal transplant recipients within 5 years of transplantation and is associated with 40% lower graft survival at 10 years. HLA epitope matching is a novel strategy that may minimize dnDSA development. HLAMatchmaker software was used to characterize epitope mismatches at 395 potential HLA-DR/DQ/DP conformational epitopes for 286 donor-recipient pairs. Epitope specificities were assigned using single antigen HLA bead analysis and correlated with known monoclonal alloantibody epitope targets. Locus-specific epitope mismatches were more numerous in patients who developed HLA-DR dnDSA alone (21.4 vs. 13.2, p < 0.02) or HLA-DQ dnDSA alone (27.5 vs. 17.3, p < 0.001). An optimal threshold for epitope mismatches (10 for HLA-DR, 17 for HLA-DQ) was defined that was associated with minimal development of Class II dnDSA. Applying these thresholds, zero and 2.7% of patients developed dnDSA against HLA-DR and HLA-DQ, respectively, after a median of 6.9 years. Epitope specificity analysis revealed that 3 HLA-DR and 3 HLA-DQ epitopes were independent multivariate predictors of Class II dnDSA. HLA-DR and DQ epitope matching outperforms traditional low-resolution antigen-based matching and has the potential to minimize the risk of de novo Class II DSA development, thereby improving long-term graft outcome.
Exploitation ecosystems in heterogeneous habitat complexes

When the model of exploitation ecosystems by Oksanenet al. (1981) is re-analysed, using similar consumer-victim differential equations, but allowing dispersal between habitats differing in primary productivity, the relation between trophic dynamics and primary productivity turns out to be strongly dependent on the abundance relationships between different habitat types. In habitat complexes where a relatively productive habitat abounds, exploitation tends to ‘spill over' to the barren habitat, whose trophic dynamics thus become to a high degree driven by the dynamics in the productive habitat and entirely different from the predictions of Oksanenet al. (1981). Conversely, in habitat complexes where the barren habitat overwhelmingly prevails, the ‘spillover exploitation’ becomes strongly diluted. Consequently, local trophic dynamics within both habitats will behave approximately as predicted by the model of Oksanenet al. (1981).
Aripiprazole once-monthly in the acute treatment of schizophrenia: findings from a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate aripiprazole once-monthly (AOM), a long-acting injectable suspension of aripiprazole, as acute treatment in patients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR).


METHOD
Adults experiencing an acute psychotic episode were randomized to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with AOM 400 mg or placebo (October 2012-August 2013). The primary efficacy outcome was change from baseline to endpoint (week 10) in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score. The key secondary efficacy outcome was change from baseline in Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale (CGI-S) score. Secondary efficacy outcomes included change from baseline in PANSS positive and negative subscale and Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) scores. The study took place from October 2012 through August 2013.


RESULTS
Patients (N = 340; 79% male, 66% black) were randomized to AOM (n = 168) or placebo (n = 172). Least squares (LS) mean change from baseline to endpoint (week 10) favored AOM versus placebo in PANSS total (treatment difference, -15.1 [95% CI, -19.4 to -10.8]; P < .0001) and CGI-S (treatment difference, -0.8 [95% CI, -1.1 to -0.6]; P < .0001) scores, as it did at all other timepoints through 12 weeks (all P ≤ .0005). LS mean change from baseline in PANSS positive and negative subscale and PSP scores favored AOM versus placebo (P < .0001). Common (> 10%) treatment-emergent adverse events (AOM vs. placebo) were increased weight (16.8% vs 7.0%), headache (14.4% vs. 16.3%), and akathisia (11.4% vs 3.5%).


CONCLUSIONS
Symptoms and functioning improved with AOM 400 mg versus placebo in patients with acute schizophrenia, with acceptable safety and tolerability. These data suggest that AOM 400 mg is a viable treatment option for patients experiencing an acute schizophrenia episode.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01663532.
Hospital patterns of use of positive inotropic agents in patients with heart failure.

OBJECTIVES
This study sought to determine hospital variation in the use of positive inotropic agents in patients with heart failure.


BACKGROUND
Clinical guidelines recommend targeted use of positive inotropic agents in highly selected patients, but data are limited and the recommendations are not specific.


METHODS
We analyzed data from 376 hospitals including 189,948 hospitalizations for heart failure from 2009 through 2010. We used hierarchical logistic regression models to estimate hospital-level risk-standardized rates of inotrope use and risk-standardized in-hospital mortality rates.


RESULTS
The risk-standardized rates of inotrope use ranged across hospitals from 0.9% to 44.6% (median: 6.3%, interquartile range: 4.3% to 9.2%). We identified various hospital patterns based on the type of agents: dobutamine-predominant (29% of hospitals), dopamine-predominant (25%), milrinone-predominant (1%), mixed dobutamine and dopamine pattern (32%), and mixed pattern including all 3 agents (13%). When studying the factors associated with interhospital variation, the best model performance was with the hierarchical generalized linear models that adjusted for patient case mix and an individual hospital effect (receiver operating characteristic curves from 0.77 to 0.88). The intraclass correlation coefficients of the hierarchical generalized linear models (0.113 for any inotrope) indicated that a noteworthy proportion of the observed variation was related to an individual institutional effect. Hospital rates or patterns of use were not associated with differences in length of stay or risk-standardized mortality rates.


CONCLUSIONS
We found marked differences in the use of inotropic agents for heart failure patients among a diverse group of hospitals. This variability, occurring in the context of little clinical evidence, indicates an urgent need to define the appropriate use of these medications.
Eagle’s syndrome: embryology, anatomy, and clinical management

Eagle’s syndrome refers to a rare constellation of neuropathic and vascular occlusive symptoms caused by pathologic elongation or angulation of the styloid process and styloid chain. First described in 1652 by Italian surgeon Piertro Marchetti, the clinical syndrome was definitively outlined by Watt Eagle in the late 1940s and early 1950s. This article reviews how underlying embryologic and anatomic pathology predicts clinical symptomatology, diagnosis, and ultimately treatment of the syndrome. The length and direction of the styloid process and styloid chain are highly variable. This variability leads to a wide range of relationships between the chain and the neurovascular elements of the neck, including cranial nerves 5, 7, 9, and 10 and the internal carotid artery. In the classic type of Eagle’s syndrome, compressive cranial neuropathy most commonly leads to the sensation of a foreign body in the throat, odynophagia, and dysphagia. In the carotid type, compression over the internal carotid artery can cause pain in the parietal region of the skull or in the superior periorbital region, among other symptoms. Careful recording of the history of the present illness and review of systems is crucial to the diagnosis of Eagle’s syndrome. After the clinical examination, the optimal imaging modality for styloid process pathology is spiral CT of the neck and skull base. Surgical interventions are considered only after noninvasive therapies have failed, the two most common being intraoral and external resection of the styloid process.
Toward the Rectilinear Crossing Number of $K_n$: New Drawings, Upper Bounds, and Asymptotics

Scheinerman and Wilf [SW94] assert that \an important open problem in the study of graph embeddings is to determine the rectilinear crossing number of the complete graph Kn." A rectilinear drawing of Kn is an arrangement of n vertices in the plane, every pair of which is connected by an edge that is a line segment. We assume that no three vertices are collinear, and that no three edges intersect in a point unless that point is an endpoint of all three. The rectilinear crossing number of Kn is the fewest number of edge crossings attainable over all rectilinear drawings of Kn. For each n we construct a rectilinear drawing of Kn that has the fewest number of edge crossings and the best asymptotics known to date. Moreover, we give some alternative in nite families of drawings of Kn with good asymptotics. Finally, we mention some old and new open problems. keywords crossing number, rectilinear, complete graph
Methodology for the development of normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the methodology utilized to calculate reliability and the generation of norms for 10 neuropsychological tests for children in Spanish-speaking countries.


METHOD
The study sample consisted of over 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Inclusion criteria for all countries were to have between 6 to 17 years of age, an Intelligence Quotient of≥80 on the Test of Non-Verbal Intelligence (TONI-2), and score of <19 on the Children's Depression Inventory. Participants completed 10 neuropsychological tests. Reliability and norms were calculated for all tests.


RESULTS
Test-retest analysis showed excellent or good- reliability on all tests (r's>0.55; p's<0.001) except M-WCST perseverative errors whose coefficient magnitude was fair. All scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the models by country. The non-significant variables (p > 0.05) were removed and the analysis were run again.


CONCLUSIONS
This is the largest Spanish-speaking children and adolescents normative study in the world. For the generation of normative data, the method based on linear regression models and the standard deviation of residual values was used. This method allows determination of the specific variables that predict test scores, helps identify and control for collinearity of predictive variables, and generates continuous and more reliable norms than those of traditional methods.
Validation of 3 termination of resuscitation criteria for good neurologic survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

STUDY OBJECTIVE
Several termination of resuscitation criteria have been proposed to identify patients who will not survive to hospital discharge after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, only 1 set has been derived to specifically predict survival to hospital discharge with good neurologic function. The objectives of this study were to externally validate the basic life support (BLS) termination of resuscitation, advanced life support (ALS) termination of resuscitation, and neurologic termination of resuscitation criteria and compare their abilities to predict survival to hospital discharge with good neurologic function after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.


METHODS
This was a secondary analysis of the Denver Cardiac Arrest Registry. Consecutive adult nontraumatic cardiac arrest patients in Denver County from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2004, were included in the study. The BLS termination of resuscitation, ALS termination of resuscitation, and neurologic termination of resuscitation criteria were applied to the cohort, and their predictive proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each set of criteria.


RESULTS
Of the 715 patients included in this study, the median age was 65 years (interquartile range 52 to 78 years), and 69% were male patients. In addition, 223 (31%) had return of spontaneous circulation, 175 (24%) survived to hospital admission, 58 (8%) survived to hospital discharge, and 42 (6%) survived to hospital discharge with good neurologic function. The proportion of patients with good neurologic survival to hospital discharge correctly identified for continued resuscitation was 100% (95% CI 92% to 100%) for all 3 termination of resuscitation criteria. The proportion of patients with poor neurologic survival to hospital discharge or no survival to hospital discharge correctly identified as eligible for termination of resuscitation was 36% (95% CI 32% to 40%) with the BLS termination of resuscitation criteria, 25% (95% CI 22% to 29%) with the ALS termination of resuscitation criteria, and 6% (95% CI 4% to 8%) with the neurologic termination of resuscitation criteria. Use of the BLS termination of resuscitation criteria would have reduced transport of the largest number of patients.


CONCLUSION
All 3 termination of resuscitation criteria had equally high abilities to identify patients requiring continued resuscitation. The BLS termination of resuscitation criteria, however, had the best combined ability to predict good neurologic survival and poor neurologic survival or death. These findings and the relative simplicity of the BLS termination of resuscitation criteria support their use.
Normalizing facial ratios in apert syndrome patients with Le Fort II midface distraction and simultaneous zygomatic repositioning.

BACKGROUND
Le Fort III distraction advances the Apert midface but leaves the central concavity and vertical compression untreated. The authors propose that Le Fort II distraction and simultaneous zygomatic repositioning as a combined procedure can move the central midface and lateral orbits in independent vectors in order to improve the facial deformity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this segmental movement results in more normal facial proportions than Le Fort III distraction.


METHODS
Computed tomographic scan analyses were performed before and after distraction in patients undergoing Le Fort III distraction (n = 5) and Le Fort II distraction with simultaneous zygomatic repositioning (n = 4). The calculated axial facial ratios and vertical facial ratios relative to the skull base were compared to those of unoperated Crouzon (n = 5) and normal (n = 6) controls.


RESULTS
With Le Fort III distraction, facial ratios did not change with surgery and remained lower (p < 0.01; paired t test comparison) than normal and Crouzon controls. Although the face was advanced, its shape remained abnormal. With the Le Fort II segmental movement procedure, the central face advanced and lengthened more than the lateral orbit. This differential movement changed the abnormal facial ratios that were present before surgery into ratios that were not significantly different from normal controls (p > 0.05).


CONCLUSION
Compared with Le Fort III distraction, Le Fort II distraction with simultaneous zygomatic repositioning normalizes the position and the shape of the Apert face.


CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, III.
Modeling, Control, and Seamless Transition of the Bidirectional Battery-Driven Switched Reluctance Motor/Generator Drive Based on Integrated Multiport Power Converter for Electric Vehicle Applications

This paper proposes a generalized control method for battery-driven switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives based on integrated multiport power converter (IMPC) with small-ripple bidirectional power flow ability in electric vehicles. Large power ripple caused by the current commutation is a challenge issue for SRM drives, which would lower the system efficiency, requires extra heat dissipation in the battery and shortens its lifetime. The detailed model of the SRM drive and IMPC is developed which covers both motoring and generating modes of operation. Based on this model, an advanced multiobjective power flow control method with repetitive controller is proposed to restrain battery current ripple. Because of the unified model, a seamless transition between various modes can also be achieved. Finally, simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and superior performance of the proposed control method.
Cooperative diversity in the presence of impulsive noise

Although there already exists a rich literature on cooperative diversity, current results are mainly restricted to the conventional assumption of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). AWGN model realistically represents the thermal noise at the receiver, but ignores the impulsive nature of atmospheric noise, electromagnetic interference, or man-made noise which might be dominant in many practical applications. In this paper, we investigate the performance of cooperative communication over Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of impulsive noise modeled by Middleton Class A noise. Specifically, we consider a multi-relay network with amplify-and-forward relaying. Through the derivations of pairwise error probability, we quantify the diversity advantages. Based on the minimization of a union bound on the error rate performance, we formulate optimal power allocation schemes and demonstrate significant performance gains over their counterparts with equal power allocation. An extensive Monte Carlo simulation is also presented to illustrate the performance of cooperative schemes in various impulsive environments.
Zirconia as a dental implant abutment material: a systematic review.

PURPOSE
The focus of this systematic review was to assess the published data concerning zirconia dental implant abutments from various aspects.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
To identify suitable literature, an electronic search was performed using PubMed. The keywords "zirconia," "zirconium," "ceramic," "dental abutments," "dental implants," "plaque," and "bacteria" were included. Titles and abstracts were screened, and literature that fulfilled the inclusion criteria was selected for a full-text reading. Articles were divided into four groups: (1) studies on the mechanical properties of zirconia abutments, (2) studies on the peri-implant soft tissues around zirconia abutments, (3) studies on plaque accumulation on zirconia, and (4) clinical studies on the survival of zirconia abutments.


RESULTS
The initial literature search resulted in 380 articles. For groups 1 to 4, 11, 4, 7, and 3 articles satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, respectively. Only 1 randomized clinical study was identified. Review of the selected articles showed that zirconia abutments were reliable in the anterior region from both biologic and mechanical points of view. Furthermore, zirconia abutments may represent a material surface less attractive for early plaque retention compared to titanium. Three clinical follow-up studies indicated that zirconia abutments could function without fracture and peri-implant lesions.


CONCLUSIONS
Based on the reviewed literature, zirconia has the potential to be used as a dental abutment material, although some issues have to be studied further.
Model-Reference Control Approach to Obstacle Avoidance for a Human-Operated Mobile Robot

Because the obstacle-avoidance function is indispensable for providing the safe and easy operation of human-operated robotic systems, this paper deals with the obstacle-avoidance control for a human-operated mobile robot in unknown environments. A general type of two-wheeled mobile robot with inexpensive distance sensors to detect obstacles is considered. Because the robot cannot move in arbitrary directions due to a nonholonomic constraint, we propose a model-reference control approach, in which a reference model generates the desired trajectory to satisfy the nonholonomic constraint, and the robot follows the desired trajectory. The reference model has the steering-like and brake-like functions that are adjusted according to the distance-sensor information. The stability of the proposed control system is analyzed with a linear model. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by experiments in which several operators handle the robot in an environment with obstacles.