LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
Effect of irrigation methods, management and salinity of irrigation water on tomato yield, soil moisture and salinity distribution

The increasing demand for irrigation water to secure food for growing populations with limited water supply suggests re-thinking the use of non-conventional water resources. The latter includes saline drainage water, brackish groundwater and treated waste water. The effects of using saline drainage water (electrical conductivity of 4.2–4.8 dS m−1) to irrigate field-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Floradade) using drip and furrow irrigation systems were evaluated, together with the distribution of soil moisture and salt. The saline water was either diluted to different salinity levels using fresh water (blended) or used cyclically with fresh water. The results of two seasons of study (2001 and 2002) showed that increasing salinity resulted in decreased leaf area index, plant dry weight, fruit total yield and individual fruit weight. In all cases, the growth parameters and yield as well as the water use efficiency were greater for drip irrigated tomato plants than furrow-irrigated plants. However, furrow irrigation produced higher individual fruit weight. The electrical conductivity of the soil solution (extracted 48 h after irrigation) showed greater fluctuations when cyclic water management was used compared to those plots irrigated with blended water. In both drip and furrow irrigation, measurements of soil moisture one day after irrigation, showed that soil moisture was higher at the top 20 cm layer and at the location of the irrigation water source; soil moisture was at a minimum in the root zone (20–40 cm layer), but showed a gradual increase at 40–60 and 60–90 cm and was stable at 90–120 cm depth. Soil water content decreased gradually as the distance from the irrigation water source increased. In addition, a few days after irrigation, the soil moisture content decreased, but the deficit was most pronounced in the surface layer. Soil salinity at the irrigation source was lower at a depth of 15 cm (surface layer) than that at 30 and 60 cm, and was minimal in deeper layers (i.e. 90 cm). Salinity increased as the distance from the irrigation source increased particularly in the surface layer. The results indicated that the salinity followed the water front. We concluded that the careful and efficient management of irrigation with saline water can leave the groundwater salinity levels unaffected and recommended the use of drip irrigation as the fruit yield per unit of water used was on average one-third higher than when using furrow irrigation.
Genotoxicity Testing of the Food Colours Amaranth and Tartrazine

Colour, a vital constituent of food, is indispensable to the modern day consumer as a means for the rapid identification and ultimate acceptance of food. A number of reviews concerning the toxicology of natural and synthetic dyes, especially those used in food, have appeared since the dyestuffs became potential suspects for causing cancer. A large number of natural or synthetic dyes have been removed from both national and international lists of permitted food colours because of their mutagenic or carcinogenic activity. To the majority of the food additive JECFA/FAO has assigned “Admissible Daily Intake Dose” –ADI, which are often temporary and emphasized the need for further genotoxic evaluation, since a number of them are reported to be genotoxic below the ADI dose. In India, the problem is severe because in spite of regulation and restrictions by the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act of 1954, use of non-permitted food colours is prevalent. We have tested the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of amaranth, and tartrazine utilizing Ames mutagenicity assay and in vivo mouse bone marrow assay. Salmonella typhimurium TA97a, TA98 and TA100were used for Ames Mutagenicity Assay without metabolic activation. The dyes were dissolved in sterile double distilled water at different concentrations (10,100,250,500 and1000 μg /plate) For genotoxicity testing four animals per dose were administered intra peritoneally with the different doses of the amaranth or tartrazine (50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight). The results show that with in the restriction of the protocol followed, the dyes were found to be non mutagenic and non genotoxic
Teaching Pre-service Teachers Technology: An Innovative Approach

This pilot study examined variables that could influence attitudes toward learning and working with computers of preservice teachers at the beginning and end of an introduction to educational technology computer course taught at the University of Central Florida's College of Education during Summer 1997. The variables examined in the study were computer attitudes (computer anxiety, computer confidence, computer liking, and computer usefulness) and student perceptions. Twenty-six students enrolled in the course completed the Computer Attitude Scale (CAS) pretest and posttest. The basic curriculum and course issues that were considered to be fundamental to the overall success of the course were curriculum issues, high impact and low threat, classroom issues and design, and continuous emphasis on key basic skills. Findings indicated that, after completion of the course, students had less anxiety and a more positive attitude toward
Arsenic Exposure Perturbs the Gut Microbiome and Its Metabolic Profile in Mice: An Integrated Metagenomics and Metabolomics Analysis

BACKGROUND
The human intestine is host to an enormously complex, diverse, and vast microbial community-the gut microbiota. The gut microbiome plays a profound role in metabolic processing, energy production, immune and cognitive development, epithelial homeostasis, and so forth. However, the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome can be readily affected by external factors, which raises the possibility that exposure to toxic environmental chemicals leads to gut microbiome alteration, or dysbiosis. Arsenic exposure affects large human populations worldwide and has been linked to a number of diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders.


OBJECTIVES
We investigated the impact of arsenic exposure on the gut microbiome composition and its metabolic profiles.


METHODS
We used an integrated approach combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics profiling to examine the functional impact of arsenic exposure on the gut microbiome.


RESULTS
16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that arsenic significantly perturbed the gut microbiome composition in C57BL/6 mice after exposure to 10 ppm arsenic for 4 weeks in drinking water. Moreover, metabolomics profiling revealed a concurrent effect, with a number of gut microflora-related metabolites being perturbed in multiple biological matrices.


CONCLUSIONS
Arsenic exposure not only alters the gut microbiome community at the abundance level but also substantially disturbs its metabolic profiles at the function level. These findings may provide novel insights regarding perturbations of the gut microbiome and its functions as a potential new mechanism by which arsenic exposure leads to or exacerbates human diseases.


CITATION
Lu K, Abo RP, Schlieper KA, Graffam ME, Levine S, Wishnok JS, Swenberg JA, Tannenbaum SR, Fox JG. 2014. Arsenic exposure perturbs the gut microbiome and its metabolic profile in mice: an integrated metagenomics and metabolomics analysis. Environ Health Perspect 122:284-291; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307429.
Cost-effectiveness of blended vs. face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy for severe anxiety disorders: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions, and are associated with poor quality of life and substantial economic burden. Cognitive behavioural therapy is an effective treatment to reduce anxiety symptoms, but is also costly and labour intensive. Cost-effectiveness could possibly be improved by delivering cognitive behavioural therapy in a blended format, where face-to-face sessions are partially replaced by online sessions. The aim of this trial is to determine the cost-effectiveness of blended cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with anxiety disorders, i.e. panic disorder, social phobia or generalized anxiety disorder, in specialized mental health care settings compared to face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy. In this paper, we present the study protocol. It is hypothesized that blended cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders is clinically as effective as face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy, but that intervention costs may be reduced. We thus hypothesize that blended cognitive behavioural therapy is more cost-effective than face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy.


METHODS/DESIGN
In a randomised controlled equivalence trial 156 patients will be included (n = 78 in blended cognitive behavioural therapy, n = 78 in face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy) based on a power of 0.80, calculated by using a formula to estimate the power of a cost-effectiveness analysis: [Formula: see text]. Measurements will take place at baseline, midway treatment (7 weeks), immediately after treatment (15 weeks) and 12-month follow-up. At baseline a diagnostic interview will be administered. Primary clinical outcomes are changes in anxiety symptom severity as measured with the Beck Anxiety Inventory. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio will be calculated to obtain the costs per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) measured by the EQ-5D (5-level version). Health-economic outcomes will be explored from a societal and health care perspective.


DISCUSSION
This trial will be one of the first to provide information on the cost-effectiveness of blended cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in routine specialized mental health care settings, both from a societal and a health care perspective.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Netherlands Trial Register NTR4912. Registered 13 November 2014.
Parents' personality and parenting stress in families of children with spina bifida.

BACKGROUND
Spina bifida (SB) can place parents at risk for increased levels of parenting stress. Little is known, however, about the role of parents' intrapersonal resources. Therefore, based on ideas of the Disability-Stress-Coping Model, relations between the severity of SB, parents' personality traits and parenting stress were examined.


METHODS
Forty-six mothers and 37 fathers of children with SB (6-14 years) participated. Severity of SB (physical dysfunctions and cognitive functions), parental personality (Big Five) and parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index) were measured. Multiple regression analyses were performed.


RESULTS
The severity of the child's physical dysfunctions was positively associated with parenting stress. Extraversion (mothers only), emotional stability and agreeableness (fathers only) were negatively related to parenting stress. In the final model, 64% of the variance in mothers' and 67% of the variance in fathers' levels of parenting stress was explained. Parents' personality traits explained the largest proportions of variance in parenting stress.


CONCLUSION
Mobility, bladder and bowel dysfunctions in school-aged children with SB represent ongoing stressors for parents. Parents' intrapersonal resources of positive affectivity, however, are more important determinants of parental adjustment to SB than the child's physical dysfunctions.
Understanding the role of violence in incarcerated women's cervical cancer screening and history.

In this exploratory study the authors investigated characteristics, including reported experiences of violence, related to incarcerated women's self-report of cervical cancer screening and cancer history and treatment. During a four month period in 2010, 204 women in Kansas City jails were surveyed. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the relations of socio-demographic and community characteristics and history of violence among the women to their cervical cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment histories. Forty percent of the women in the current sample reported abnormal Pap histories, though only 6% of all Pap smears done in the U.S. are abnormal. Women who reported abuse histories in this study were found to be more likely to report having ever had an abnormal Pap smear (for physical abuse Odds Ratio [OR] = 6.05; CI 2.36, 15.54 and for past year intimate partner violence OR = 2.41; CI 1.09, 5.31). Participants who did not fear neighborhood violence were less likely to report an abnormal Pap history (OR = 0.57; CI 0.34, 0.96) and more likely to visit a family doctor for their Pap screenings (OR = 1.91; CI 1.01, 3.60). Women who perceived greater neighborhood violence had increased odds of reporting that they received Pap screenings in a hospital setting (OR = 1.47; CI 1.08, 2.00). Frequency of Pap screening did not differ in women who did and did not have fear of neighborhood violence. This study highlights the heightened cervical cancer risk experienced by women with criminal justice histories and suggests that violence at several levels has implications for cervical cancer prevention for these women.
A view of the parallel computing landscape

Writing programs that scale with increasing numbers of cores should be as easy as writing programs for sequential computers.
A median cut algorithm for light probe sampling

We present a technique for approximating a light probe image as a constellation of light sources based on a median cut algorithm. The algorithm is efficient, simple to implement, and can realistically represent a complex lighting environment with as few as 64 point light sources.
Effect of Single and Contiguous Teeth Extractions on Alveolar Bone Remodeling : A Study in Dogscid

Background: Tooth extraction is associated with dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge. The aim was to examine the effect of single versus contiguous teeth extractions on the alveolar ridge remodeling. Material and Methods: Five female beagle dogs were randomly divided into three groups on the basis of location (anterior or posterior) and number of teeth extracted – exctraction socket classification: group 1 (one dog): single-tooth extraction; group 2 (two dogs): extraction of two teeth; and group 3 (two dogs): extraction of three teeth in four anterior sites and four posterior sites in both jaws. The dogs were sacrificed after 4 months. Sagittal sectioning of each extraction site was performed and evaluated using microcomputed tomography. Results: Buccolingual or palatal bone loss was observed 4 months after extraction in all three groups. The mean of the alveolar ridge width loss in group 1 (single-tooth extraction) was significantly less than those in groups 2 and 3 (p < .001) (multiple teeth extraction). Three-teeth extraction (group 3) had significantly more alveolar bone loss than two-teeth extraction (group 2) (p < .001). The three-teeth extraction group in the upper and lower showed more obvious resorption on the palatal/lingual side especially in the lower group posterior locations. Conclusion: Contiguous teeth extraction caused significantly more alveolar ridge bone loss as compared with when a single tooth is extracted.
50th Anniversary Article: The Evolution of Research on Information Systems: A Fiftieth-Year Survey of the Literature in Management Science

The development of the Information Systems (IS) literature in Management Science during the past fifty years reflects the inception, growth and maturation of several different research streams. The five research streams we identify incorporate different definitions of the managerial problems that relate to IS, the alternate theoretical perspectives and different methodological paradigms to study them, and the levels of the organization at which their primary results impact managerial practice. The decision support and design science research stream studies the application of computers in decision support, control, and managerial decision making. The value of information research stream reflects the early relationships that were established based on economic analysis of information as a commodity in the management of the firm. The human-computer systems design research stream emphasizes the cognitive basis for effective systems design. The IS organization and strategy research stream shifts in level of analysis away from the system user to the locus of value of the system investment. The economics of information systems and technology research stream emphasizes the application of theoretical perspectives and methods from analytical and empirical economics to managerial problems involving IS and information technologies (IT). Based on a discussion of these streams, we provide new perspectives on the IS literature’s core contributions to theoretical and managerial knowledge, and make some predictions about the road that lies ahead for IS researchers.
An optimized system to solve text-based CAPTCHA

CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart) can be used to protect data from auto bots. Countless kinds of CAPTCHAs are thus designed, while we most frequently utilize text-based scheme because of most convenience and user-friendly way [1]. Currently, various types of CAPTCHAs need corresponding segmentation to identify single character due to the numerous different segmentation ways. Our goal is to defeat the CAPTCHA, thus firstly the CAPTCHAs need to be split into character by character. There isn’t a regular segmentation algorithm to obtain the divided characters in all kinds of examples, which means that we have to treat the segmentation individually. In this paper, we build a whole system to defeat the CAPTCHAs as well as achieve state-of-the-art performance. In detail, we present our self-adaptive algorithm to segment different kinds of characters optimally, and then utilize both the existing methods and our own constructed convolutional neural network as an extra classifier. Results are provided showing how our system work well towards defeating these CAPTCHAs.
Searches for New Physics in Lepton Final States

Final states containing charged leptons could provide some of the most distinctive signatures for observing physics beyond the Standard Model. We present searches for new physics using 0.32-0.45 /fb of data accumulated at the Tevatron. No significant evidence of a signal is found, and in most cases the tightest constraints to date are set on the exotic processes investigated.
Classifier ensemble construction with rotation forest to improve medical diagnosis performance of machine learning algorithms

Improving accuracies of machine learning algorithms is vital in designing high performance computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) systems. Researches have shown that a base classifier performance might be enhanced by ensemble classification strategies. In this study, we construct rotation forest (RF) ensemble classifiers of 30 machine learning algorithms to evaluate their classification performances using Parkinson's, diabetes and heart diseases from literature. While making experiments, first the feature dimension of three datasets is reduced using correlation based feature selection (CFS) algorithm. Second, classification performances of 30 machine learning algorithms are calculated for three datasets. Third, 30 classifier ensembles are constructed based on RF algorithm to assess performances of respective classifiers with the same disease data. All the experiments are carried out with leave-one-out validation strategy and the performances of the 60 algorithms are evaluated using three metrics; classification accuracy (ACC), kappa error (KE) and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Base classifiers succeeded 72.15%, 77.52% and 84.43% average accuracies for diabetes, heart and Parkinson's datasets, respectively. As for RF classifier ensembles, they produced average accuracies of 74.47%, 80.49% and 87.13% for respective diseases. RF, a newly proposed classifier ensemble algorithm, might be used to improve accuracy of miscellaneous machine learning algorithms to design advanced CADx systems.
Brief report: Adolescents' attitudes toward epilepsy: further validation of the Child Attitude Toward Illness Scale (CATIS).

OBJECTIVE
To examine adolescents' attitudes toward having epilepsy using the Child Attitude Toward Illness Scale (CATIS) and to provide further psychometric validation of the scale in this population.


METHODS
Participants were 197 adolescents aged 11 to 17 years who completed the CATIS at two points and two external validation scales. Test-retest and internal consistency reliability and construct validity were computed. Analysis of variance was used to examine differences in attitudes according to gender, age, and epilepsy severity.


RESULTS
Girls, older adolescents, and those with more severe epilepsy had more negative attitudes toward having epilepsy than boys, younger adolescents, and those with moderate or mild epilepsy, respectively. Psychometric analyses yielded excellent internal consistency reliability and good test-retest reliability. The CATIS was moderately correlated with self-esteem and mastery, supporting its construct validity.


CONCLUSIONS
The CATIS is a useful and psychometrically sound tool to assess adolescents' attitudes toward having chronic illness.
Chapter Ten: Vives’ Parisian Writings

The chronology of Joan Lluis Vives' sojourn in Paris has been radically revised-both regarding his studies and his tirocinium in the classroom-after the sensational discovery by Professor Enrique Gonzalez y Gonzalez of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico of a hitherto unknown edition of Vives' early works published in Lyons in 1514. Just a few years ago another important discovery of a work by Vives from this Parisian period was made by Marcus de Schepper, rare book librarian at the Bibliotheque Royale in Brussels. In all of the Paris writings Vives demonstrates that the reform of education and the systematic review of universal learning was a project which was maturing in his mind from his earliest years as a teacher. His encyclopedic interests are already evident: astronomy, natural and moral philosophy, dialectic, rhetoric, law, theology. Keywords: Juan Luis Vives; Paris writings; Parisian period; pietistic writings
Classifying Discrete Temporal Properties

This paper surveys recent results on the classification of discrete temporal properties, gives an introduction to the methods that have been developed to obtain them, and explains the connections to the theory of finite automata, the theory of finite semigroups, and to first-order logic.
Geology of the Moscoviense Basin

[1] TheMoscoviense Basin, on the northern portion of the lunar farside, displays topography with a partial peak ring, in addition to rings that are offset to the southeast. These rings do not follow the typical concentric ring spacing that is recognized with other basins, suggesting that they may have formed as a result of an oblique impact or perhaps multiple impacts. In addition to the unusual ring spacing present, the Moscoviense Basin contains diverse mare basalt units covering the basin floor and a few highland mafic exposures within its rings. New analysis of previously mapped mare units suggests that the oldest mare unit is the remnant of the impact melt sheet. The Moscoviense Basin provides a glimpse into the lunar highlands terrain and an opportunity to explore the geologic context of initial lunar crustal development and modification.