LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
On the determinants of academic success as a clinician-scientist.

I believe that the determinants of academic success as a clinician-scientist (defined in terms of principal investigatorship, lead authorship, promotion, tenure, career awards, honours, power and reputation) are not “academic” (defined in terms of intelligence, theoretical understanding, mastery of a body of knowledge and teaching skills). Although some academics fail because they are crazy and others because they lack minds that are “prepared” to generate important questions based on their clinical observations, the range of their intelligence is so compressed at the top of the scale that even if it were an important determinant, attempts to correlate it with success are doomed. Furthermore, the prevalence of academic failure among those who understand the theory, know the facts, and can out-teach their colleagues, coupled to the frequency with which they are left in the academic dust by those with much smaller supplies of these attributes, are just too great to sustain that argument. While it may be that the ability to generate novel, imaginative hypotheses plays a role in the academic success of basic researchers (a field I abandoned 35 years ago), this rarely applies to the burgeoning field of patient-based and clinical-practice research (where the hypotheses usually are common knowledge and often originate with patients). Finally, I assume that no reader will seriously posit that being a nice person is a prerequisite for academic success. What, then, are the determinants of academic success? I’ve concluded that they are 3: mentoring, creating periodic priority lists, and time management. Before describing them I must point out that my conclusions are based for the most part on personal observations of young academics I’ve mentored and to whom I’ve taught priority lists and time management, observations of individuals who did and didn’t receive mentoring or employ time management, or clearly were and were not successful, and personal experiences of being mentored by some simply wonderful and quite awful mentors. I’ve augmented these personal observations with the results of a PubMed search on the MeSH terms “mentors” (510 hits) and “time management” (901 hits), and the evidence I encountered there, which includes important evidence on the experiences and perceptions of women in medicine, supports my thesis. Finally, most of the clinician-scientists I’ve mentored and observed in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom have been hospital-based internists, and I’d encourage mentors from other health disciplines to identify where the recommendations in this essay do and do not apply to those they mentor.
Treatment of anaemia in dialysis patients with unit dosing of darbepoetin alfa at a reduced dose frequency relative to recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo).

BACKGROUND
Darbepoetin alfa is an erythropoietic agent with a 3-fold longer elimination half-life than recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo), which allows less frequent dosing. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of darbepoetin alfa for treating anaemia in dialysis patients, using a dosing regimen that was independent of the patient's body weight (unit dosing).


METHODS
Dialysis patients (n=341) maintained on rHuEpo treatment (alfa or beta) were switched to darbepoetin alfa at a reduced dosing frequency, but by the same route of administration [intravenous (i.v.) or subcutaneous (s.c.)]. Patients receiving rHuEpo two or three times weekly changed to once-weekly darbepoetin alfa, and those receiving rHuEpo once weekly changed to once every other week darbepoetin alfa. The unit doses of darbepoetin alfa (10-150 microg) were titrated to maintain haemoglobin concentrations within -1.0 and +1.5 g/dl of the individual mean baseline haemoglobin and between 10 and 13 g/dl for 24 weeks.


RESULTS
Mean change in haemoglobin from baseline to the evaluation period (weeks 21-24) was 0.13 g/dl (95% CI, 0.01, 0.25), which was not clinically relevant. An analysis by route of administration revealed that mean haemoglobin concentrations had increased by 0.58 g/dl (95% CI, 0.33, 0.82) in patients receiving i.v. darbepoetin alfa, and previously treated with i.v. rHuEpo, while remaining unchanged in s.c. patients (0.00 g/dl; 95% CI, -0.13, 0.13) previously treated by s.c. rHuEpo. In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in mean weekly i.v. darbepoetin alfa dose requirements from 25.2 microg/week at baseline to 21.5 microg/week (P=0.004) during the evaluation period (-17.3%). Subcutaneous weekly dosage requirements increased slightly during the study period (20.8 to 22.7 microg/week; P=0.014). An i.v./s.c. dose ratio of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.78, 1.14) at evaluation confirms previous findings that dose requirements by the i.v. and s.c. routes were not different in patients treated with darbepoetin alfa. Haemoglobin concentrations were also effectively maintained in patients who received darbepoetin alfa once weekly and once every other week. Darbepoetin alfa was well tolerated.


CONCLUSIONS
The treatment of renal anaemia in dialysis patients with unit doses of darbepoetin alfa effectively and safely maintains target haemoglobin concentrations with less frequent dosing. Dose requirements for darbepoetin alfa following i.v. and s.c. administration were not different. The results of this study demonstrate that darbepoetin alfa administered i.v. once weekly, or once every other week is an effective treatment regimen for haemodialysis patients with renal anaemia.
Sleep duration and school performance in Korean adolescents

Methods In 2012, 63 688 adolescents participated in the 8th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (KYRBWS-VIII) project. The relationship between sleep duration and school performance was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjustment for covariate variables, including body mass index, age, parental education, economic status, mental stress, smoking, alcohol consumption, breakfast patterns, and three measures of physical activity.
An Enhancement of Major Sorting Algorithms

One of the fundamental issues in computer science is ordering a list of items. Although there is a huge number of sorting algorithms, sorting problem has attracted a great deal of research; because efficient sorting is important to optimize the use of other algorithms. This paper presents two new sorting algorithms, enhanced selection sort and enhanced bubble Sort algorithms. Enhanced selection sort is an enhancement on selection sort by making it slightly faster and stable sorting algorithm. Enhanced bubble sort is an enhancement on both bubble sort and selection sort algorithms with O(nlgn) complexity instead of O(n 2 ) for bubble sort and selection sort algorithms. The two new algorithms are analyzed, implemented, tested, and compared and the results were promising.
Intracranial hemorrhage associated with thrombolytic therapy for elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Intracranial hemorrhage is a serious complication of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction, especially among the elderly, but little information exists on estimating risk. Better estimation of risk in individual patients may allow for withholding or using alternate therapies among those at highest risk.


METHODS
To quantify the risk and identify predictors of intracranial hemorrhage associated with thrombolytic therapy, we performed a retrospective cohort study using data from medical charts. The study involved nearly all acute-care hospitals in the United States. All Medicare patients discharged with a principal diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction during a 9-month period in 1994 to 1995 were included. The main outcome measure was intracranial hemorrhage among those treated with thrombolytic therapy.


RESULTS
The rate of intracranial hemorrhage was 1.43% (455 of 31 732). In a logistic model, age > or =75 years, female, black race, prior stroke, blood pressure > or =160 mm Hg, tissue plasminogen activator (versus other thrombolytic agent), excessive anticoagulation (international normalized ratio > or =4 or prothrombin time > or =24), and below median weight (< or =65 kg for women; < or =80 kg for men) were independent predictors. A risk stratification scale was developed on the basis of these factors: with none or 1 of the factors (n=6651), the rate of intracranial hemorrhage was 0.69%; with 2 factors (n=10 509), 1.02%; with 3 factors (n=9074), 1.63%; with 4 factors (n=4298), 2.49%; and with > or =5 factors (n=1071), 4. 11% (Mantel-Haenszel; P<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The rate of intracranial hemorrhage in older patients after treatment with thrombolytic therapy exceeds 1%. Readily available factors can identify elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction at high and low risk for intracranial hemorrhage associated with thrombolytic therapy.
Influence of capsaicin infusion on secondary peristalsis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

AIM
To determine whether capsaicin infusion could influence heartburn perception and secondary peristalsis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).


METHODS
Secondary peristalsis was performed with slow and rapid mid-esophageal injections of air in 10 patients with GERD. In a first protocol, saline and capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce infusions were randomly performed, whereas 2 consecutive sessions of capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce infusions were performed in a second protocol. Tested solutions including 5 mL of red pepper sauce diluted with 15 mL of saline and 20 mL of 0.9% saline were infused into the mid-esophagus via the manometric catheter at a rate of 10 mL/min with a randomized and double-blind fashion. During each study protocol, perception of heartburn, threshold volumes and peristaltic parameters for secondary peristalsis were analyzed and compared between different stimuli.


RESULTS
Infusion of capsaicin significantly increased heartburn perception in patients with GERD (P < 0.001), whereas repeated capsaicin infusion significantly reduced heartburn perception (P = 0.003). Acute capsaicin infusion decreased threshold volume of secondary peristalsis (P = 0.001) and increased its frequency (P = 0.01) during rapid air injection. The prevalence of GERD patients with successive secondary peristalsis during slow air injection significantly increased after capsaicin infusion (P = 0.001). Repeated capsaicin infusion increased threshold volume of secondary peristalsis (P = 0.002) and reduced the frequency of secondary peristalsis (P = 0.02) during rapid air injection.


CONCLUSION
Acute esophageal exposure to capsaicin enhances heartburn sensation and promotes secondary peristalsis in gastroesophageal reflux disease, but repetitive capsaicin infusion reverses these effects.
Evaluation of the demand for patent services making outsourcing contracts

The research includes comparative analysis of the statistical data considering distribution of national patent applications and PCT national phase entries. The results reveal, whether companies are inclined to engage outsourcing services of patent attorneys or hire a lawyer inside.
POSIX Access Control Lists on Linux

This paper discusses file system Access Control Lists as implemented in several UNIX-like operating systems. After recapitulating the concepts of these Access Control Lists that never formally became a POSIX standard, we focus on the different aspects of implementation and use on Linux.
IEEE 802.11ax: High-efficiency WLANS

IEEE 802.11ax-2019 will replace both IEEE 802.11n-2009 and IEEE 802.11ac-2013 as the next high-throughput WLAN amendment. In this article, we review the expected future WLAN scenarios and use cases that justify the push for a new PHY/MAC IEEE 802.11 amendment. After that, we overview a set of new technical features that may be included in the IEEE 802.11ax-2019 amendment, and describe both their advantages and drawbacks. Finally, we discuss some of the network-level functionalities that are required to fully improve the user experience in next-generation WLANs and note their relation with other ongoing IEEE 802.11 amendments.
Fast and robust passive copy-move forgery detection using SURF and SIFT image features

With the advent of sophisticated image editing softwares, it has become easy to forge digital images. Copy-move is a very common technique for image forgery; retouching tools are applied along with it which makes copy-move invisible to the naked eye. An image can be forged using copy-move technique to duplicate or hide undesirable objects. When some object is copy-moved with the help of geometrical and illumination transform, it becomes difficult to detect that object. Speed up Robust Feature (SURF) and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) are invariant with respect to geometrical and illumination transform. In this paper we have proposed a novel method to detect copy-move forgery in an image based on passive forensic scheme. The proposed method use SURF and SIFT, which make it very fast and robust in detecting copy-moved regions. Experimental results demonstrate commendable performance in image copy-move forgery detection.
Organization of extracellular matrix components during differentiation of adipocytes in long-term culture

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that fully differentiated spherical adipocytes were embraced by a network of collagens and fibroblastic preadipocytes. The properties of both the collagen networks and the preadipocytes allow the adipocytes to be interconnected, forming a fat-cell cluster, which can anchor to the bottom of a culture dish. In this network structure, collagen fibrils and fibrillar bundles were closely arranged and stratified. We found that immunostained collagens appeared to form extracellular network structures, which can be observed by SEM. The extracellular network of fibronectin was the first to develop among the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, though it became degraded with the progress of adipocyte differentiation. The type I collagen network was the last to develop and remained well organized through the late stage of adipocyte differentiation. The extracellular networks of type III, V, and VI collagen developed by the mid-stage and remained in the late stage of adipocyte differentiation. The network structures of type IV collagen and laminin became degraded during the differentiation process and localized at the surface of spherical cells. In addition to these basement membrane components, types III, V, and VI collagens also showed pericellular spherical staining patterns. These results demonstrated that the constitution and distribution of the ECM are altered during adipocyte differentiation, suggesting that the organization of each ECM component into a suitable structure is a requirement for the differentiation and maintenance of unilocular adipocytes.
A Matlab mesh generator for the two-dimensional finite element method

A new Matlab code for the generation of unstructured (3-node or 6-node) triangular meshes in two dimensions is described. The method is based on the Matlab mesh generator distmesh of Persson and Strang [SIAM Rev. 46:329-345, 2004]. As input, the code takes a signed distance function for the domain geometry. A mesh size function, for the spatial node distribution, is constructed using an approximate medial axis. As outputs, the code generates a 3-node or a 6-node triangular mesh with boundary data (edges and nodes). The approach presented consists of three steps: (1) an initial nodes placement is obtained using a probabilistic node distribution, (2) an iterative smoothing is performed assuming the presence of an attractive/repulsive internode force, and (3) a fast refinement procedure is performed for 6-node triangular meshes or large scale meshes.
CMOS Image Sensor Based Physical Unclonable Function for Coherent Sensor-Level Authentication

In the applications of biometric authentication and video surveillance, the image sensor is expected to provide certain degree of trust and resiliency. This paper presents a new low-cost CMOS image sensor based physical unclonable function (PUF) targeting a variety of security, privacy and trusted protocols that involves image sensor as a trusted entity. The proposed PUF exploits the intrinsic imperfection during the image sensor manufacturing process to generate unique and reliable digital signatures. The proposed differential readout stabilizes the response bits extracted from the random fixed pattern noises of selected pixel pairs determined by the applied challenge against supply voltage and temperature variations. The threshold of difference can be tightened to winnow out more unstable response bits from the challenge-response space offered by modern image sensors to enhance the reliability under harsher operating conditions and loosened to improve its resiliency against masquerade attacks in routine operating environment. The proposed design can be classified as a weak PUF which is resilient to modeling attacks, with direct access to its challenge-response pair restricted by the linear feedback shift register. Our experiments on the reset voltages extracted from a 64 × 64 image sensor fabricated in 180 nm 3.3 V CMOS technology demonstrated that robust and reliable challenge-response pairs can be generated with a uniqueness of 49.37% and a reliability of 99.80% under temperature variations of 15 ~ 115 °C and supply voltage variations of 3 ~ 3.6 V.
Automatic Misconfiguration Troubleshooting with PeerPressure

Technical support contributes 17% of the total cost of ownership of today’s desktop PCs [25]. An important element of technical support is troubleshooting misconfigured applications. Misconfiguration troubleshooting is particularly challenging, because configuration information is shared and altered by multiple applications. In this paper, we present a novel troubleshooting system: PeerPressure, which uses statistics from a set of sample machines to diagnose the root-cause misconfigurations on a sick machine. This is in contrast with methods that require manual identification on a healthy machine for diagnosing misconfigurations [30]. The elimination of this manual operation makes a significant step towards automated misconfiguration troubleshooting. In PeerPressure, we introduce a ranking metric for misconfiguration candidates. This metric is based on empirical Bayesian estimation. We have prototyped a PeerPressure troubleshooting system and used a database of 87 machine configuration snapshots to evaluate its performance. With 20 real-world troubleshooting cases, PeerPressure can effectively pinpoint the root-cause misconfigurations for 12 of these cases. For the remaining cases, PeerPressure significantly narrows down the number of root-cause candidates by three orders of magnitude.
Deep Learning for Saliency Prediction in Natural Video

The purpose of this paper is the detection of salient areas in natural video by using the new deep learning techniques. Salient patches in video frames are predicted first. Then the predicted visual fixation maps are built upon them. We design the deep architecture on the basis of CaffeNet implemented with Caffe toolkit. We show that changing the way of data selection for optimisation of network parameters, we can save computation cost up to 12 times. We extend deep learning approaches for saliency prediction in still images with RGB values to specificity of video using the sensitivity of the human visual system to residual motion. Furthermore, we complete primary colour pixel values by contrast features proposed in classical visual attention prediction models. The experiments are conducted on two publicly available datasets. The first is IRCCYN video database containing 31 videos with an overall amount of 7300 frames and eye fixations of 37 subjects. The second one is HOLLYWOOD2 provided 2517 movie clips with the eye fixations of 19 subjects. On IRCYYN dataset, the accuracy obtained is of 89.51%. On HOLLYWOOD2 dataset, results in prediction of saliency of patches show the improvement up to 2% with regard to RGB use only. The resulting accuracy of 76, 6% is obtained. The AUC metric in comparison of predicted saliency maps with visual fixation maps shows the Email addresses: souad.chaabouni@labri.fr (Souad CHAABOUNI), benois-p@labri.fr (Jenny BENOIS-PINEAU), hadar@bgu.ac.il (Ofer HADAR), chokri.benamar@ieee.org (Chokri BEN AMAR) Preprint submitted to Journal of LTEX Templates January 13, 2016 increase up to 16% on a sample of video clips from this dataset.
A randomized, prospective, comparison study of a mixture of acacia fiber, psyllium fiber, and fructose vs polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes for the treatment of chronic functional constipation in childhood.

OBJECTIVES
To compare the effectiveness of a mixture of acacia fiber, psyllium fiber, and fructose (AFPFF) with polyethylene glycol 3350 combined with electrolytes (PEG+E) in the treatment of children with chronic functional constipation (CFC); and to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of AFPFF in the treatment of children with CFC.


STUDY DESIGN
This was a randomized, open label, prospective, controlled, parallel-group study involving 100 children (M/F: 38/62; mean age ± SD: 6.5 ± 2.7 years) who were diagnosed with CFC according to the Rome III Criteria. Children were randomly divided into 2 groups: 50 children received AFPFF (16.8 g daily) and 50 children received PEG+E (0.5 g/kg daily) for 8 weeks. Primary outcome measures were frequency of bowel movements, stool consistency, fecal incontinence, and improvement of other associated gastrointestinal symptoms. Safety was assessed with evaluation of clinical adverse effects and growth measurements.


RESULTS
Compliance rates were 72% for AFPFF and 96% for PEG+E. A significant improvement of constipation was seen in both groups. After 8 weeks, 77.8% of children treated with AFPFF and 83% of children treated with PEG+E had improved (P = .788). Neither PEG+E nor AFPFF caused any clinically significant side effects during the entire course of the study period.


CONCLUSIONS
In this randomized study, we did not find any significant difference between the efficacy of AFPFF and PEG+E in the treatment of children with CFC. Both medications were proved to be safe for CFC treatment, but PEG+E was better accepted by children.
A Generalized Blahut-Arimoto Algorithm

Kavčić proposed in [1] an algorithm that optimizes the parameters of a Markov source at the input to a finite-state machine channel in order to maximize the mutual information rate. Numerical results for several channels indicated that his algorithm gives capacity-achieving input distributions. In this paper we prove that the stationary points of this algorithm indeed correspond one-to-one to the critical points of the information rate curve. Kavčić’s algorithm can be considered as a generalized Blahut-Arimoto algorithm, as it includes as special cases the classical Blahut-Arimoto algorithm for discrete memoryless channels and the solution to finding the capacity-achieving input distribution for finite-state channels with no noise.