LLukas22/scidocs huggingface dataset:
TABLEFS: Enhancing Metadata Efficiency in the Local File System

Abstract File systems that manage magnetic disks have long recognized the importance of sequential allocation and large transfer sizes for file data. Fast random access has dominated metadata lookup data structures with increasing use of B-trees on-disk. Yet our experiments with workloads dominated by metadata and small file access indicate that even sophisticated local disk file systems like Ext4, XFS and Btrfs leave a lot of opportunity for performance improvement in workloads dominated by metadata and small files. In this paper we present a stacked file system, TABLEFS, which uses another local file system as an object store. TABLEFS organizes all metadata into a single sparse table backed on disk using a Log-Structured Merge (LSM) tree, LevelDB in our experiments. By stacking, TABLEFS asks only for efficient large file allocation and access from the local file system. By using an LSM tree, TABLEFS ensures metadata is written to disk in large, non-overwrite, sorted and indexed logs. Even an inefficient FUSE based user level implementation of TABLEFS can perform comparably to Ext4, XFS and Btrfs on data-intensive benchmarks, and can outperform them by 50% to as much as 1000% for metadata-intensive workloads. Such promising performance results from TABLEFS suggest that local disk file systems can be significantly improved by more aggressive aggregation and batching of metadata updates.File systems that manage magnetic disks have long recognized the importance of sequential allocation and large transfer sizes for file data. Fast random access has dominated metadata lookup data structures with increasing use of B-trees on-disk. Yet our experiments with workloads dominated by metadata and small file access indicate that even sophisticated local disk file systems like Ext4, XFS and Btrfs leave a lot of opportunity for performance improvement in workloads dominated by metadata and small files. In this paper we present a stacked file system, TABLEFS, which uses another local file system as an object store. TABLEFS organizes all metadata into a single sparse table backed on disk using a Log-Structured Merge (LSM) tree, LevelDB in our experiments. By stacking, TABLEFS asks only for efficient large file allocation and access from the local file system. By using an LSM tree, TABLEFS ensures metadata is written to disk in large, non-overwrite, sorted and indexed logs. Even an inefficient FUSE based user level implementation of TABLEFS can perform comparably to Ext4, XFS and Btrfs on data-intensive benchmarks, and can outperform them by 50% to as much as 1000% for metadata-intensive workloads. Such promising performance results from TABLEFS suggest that local disk file systems can be significantly improved by more aggressive aggregation and batching of metadata updates.
The effect of a web-based depression intervention on suicide ideation: secondary outcome from a randomised controlled trial in a helpline

OBJECTIVES
The effect of web-based interventions for depression on suicide ideation in callers to helplines is not known. The aim of this study was to determine if web-based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) with and without telephone support is effective in reducing suicide ideation in callers to a helpline compared with treatment as usual (TAU). A secondary aim was to examine the factors that predict change in suicide ideation. Putative predictors included level of baseline depression, suicide behaviour, baseline anxiety and type of intervention.


DESIGN
Randomised controlled trial.


SETTING
Lifeline, Australia's 24 h telephone counselling service participants: 155 callers to a national helpline service with moderate-to-high psychological distress.


INTERVENTIONS
Participants were recruited and randomised to receive either 6 weeks of internet CBT plus weekly telephone follow-up; internet CBT only; weekly telephone follow-up only or a wait-list TAU control group.


PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Suicidal ideation was measured using four items from the 28-item General Health Questionnaire. Predictors of change in ideation were tested using logistic regression analysis.


RESULTS
Regardless of the intervention condition, participants showed significant reductions in suicidal ideation over 12 months (p<0.001). Higher baseline suicidal behaviour decreased the odds of remission of suicidal ideation at postintervention (OR 0.409, p<0.001). However, change in depression over the course of the interventions was associated with improvement in suicide ideation (OR 1.165, p<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Suicide ideation declines with and without proactive intervention. Improvements in depression are associated with the resolution of suicide ideation. Specific interventions focusing on suicide ideation should be further investigated.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN93903959.
Short-segment posterior instrumentation combined with anterior spondylodesis using an autologous rib graft in thoracolumbar burst fractures

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
There are very few data concerning the outcome after short-segment posterior stabilization and anterior spondylodesis with rib grafts in patients suffering from unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures. We have therefore investigated the clinical and radiographic outcome after posterior bisegmental instrumentation and monosegmental anterior spondylodesis using an autologous rib graft for unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
This was a retrospective analysis of 32 consecutive patients at a single center. The monosegmental Cobb angle was measured preoperatively, postoperatively, then 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and also after implant removal. Anterior vertebral fusion was graded on conventional radiographs according to the criteria proposed by Molinari.


RESULTS
Segmental kyphosis at the fracture site was corrected from a median of -20° (95% CI: -21.2 to -18.8) to -1.0° (95% CI: -2.7 to 0.7) postoperatively. 1 year after surgery, the segmental angle had decreased by a median of 2.0° (95% CI: 0.2 to 2.8). The spondylodesis fused in all patients, which was evident from incorporation and remodeling of the rib grafts. The median correction loss after implant removal was 0.0° (95% CI: -0.5 to 0.5). 26 of the 32 patients reported having no back complaints at the last follow-up (2 years postoperatively). 1 patient suffered from intercostal neuralgia, and 5 patients reported mild to moderate back pain.


INTERPRETATION
Short-segment posterior instrumentation and anterior spondylodesis using an autologous rib graft resulted in sufficient correction of posttraumatic segmental kyphosis. There was no clinically relevant correction loss, and the majority of patients had no back complaints at the 2-year follow-up.
Computer security and the modern home

A framework for evaluating security risks associated with technologies used at home.
Explicit Pragmatic Instruction In Teaching English As A Foreign Language

Teaching and learning languages involve more than targeting grammatical and lexical knowledge. To achieve communicative competence in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context, EFL learners need to develop their pragmatic competence which is better taught explicitly in the classroom. This essay argues that while the implicit instruction is reasonably applicable, the explicit pragmatic instruction is more effective to facilitate EFL learners in developing their pragmatic competence.
The g-Factor of International Cognitive Ability Comparisons: The Homogeneity of Results in PISA, TIMSS, PIRLS and IQ-Tests Across Nations

International cognitive ability and achievement comparisons stem from different research traditions. But analyses at the interindividual data level show that they share a common positive manifold. Correlations of national ability means are even higher to very high (within student assessment studies, r1⁄4 .60–.98; between different student assessment studies [PISA-sum with TIMSS-sum] r1⁄4 .82–.83; student assessment sum with intelligence tests, r1⁄4 .85–.86). Results of factor analyses indicate a strong g-factor of differences between nations (variance explained by the first unrotated factor: 94–95%). Causes of the high correlations are seen in the similarities of tests within studies, in the similarities of the cognitive demands for tasks from different tests, and in the common developmental factors at the individual and national levels including known environmental and unknown genetic influences. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
jSymbolic: A Feature Extractor for MIDI Files

A library of 160 high-level features is presented along with jSymbolic, a software package that extracts these features from MIDI files. jSymbolic is intended both as a platform for developing new features as well as a tool for providing features to data mining software that can be used to automatically classify music or evaluate musical similarity.
Secure Blocking + Secure Matching = Secure Record Linkage

Performing approximate data matching has always been an intriguing problem for both industry and academia. This task becomes even more challenging when the requirement of data privacy rises. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to address the problem of efficient privacy-preserving approximate record linkage. The secure framework we propose consists of two basic components. First, we utilize a secure blocking component based on phonetic algorithms statistically enhanced to improve security. Second, we use a secure matching component where actual approximate matching is performed using a novel private approach of the Levenshtein Distance algorithm. Our goal is to combine the speed of private blocking with the increased accuracy of approximate secure matching. Category: Ubiquitous computing; Security and privacy
Lossless multi-channel EEG compression

This paper presents a method for losslessly compressing multi-channel electroencephalogram signals. The Karhunen-Loeve transform is used to exploit the inter-correlation among the EEG channels. The transform is approximated using lifting scheme which results in a reversible realization under finite precision processing. An integer time-frequency transform is applied to further minimize the temporal redundancy
Communication and Citizenship: Mapping the Political Effects of Infotainment

Political candidates and citizens alike have been turning to nontraditional, “softer” sources of political information such as late-night comedy and daytime talk shows. This is particularly true during presidential elections, when candidates make guest appearances to reach audience members who may or may not be politically engaged, and when discussion of political affairs becomes more prominent. What are the effects of consuming such media content? Using data from the 2000 National Annenberg Election Survey, we examine the effects of watching late-night comedy shows and candidates’appearances on Oprah on various forms of citizenship. Results indicate that watching political infotainment can enhance political engagement, but not for all sectors of the electorate and not all the time. Exposure to late-night comedy and political content on Oprah was associated with increased levels of participation. However, for late-night comedy viewing, the positive association between exposure and 2 criterion variables — intent to vote and interpersonal political discussion — was significantly more pronounced among political sophisticates.
Efficacy and safety evaluation of once-daily fluticasone furoate/vilanterol in Asian patients with asthma uncontrolled on a low- to mid-strength inhaled corticosteroid or low-dose inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta2-agonist.

BACKGROUND
Response to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) combinations varies across ethnic groups.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy and safety of the ICS/LABA combination fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/VI) 100/25 μg in Asian patients with asthma.


METHODS
A randomized (1:1), 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, multicenter phase III study of once-daily FF/VI 100/25 μg versus placebo in patients of Asian ancestry ages ≥12 years with asthma, uncontrolled on a low- to mid-strength ICS or low-dose ICS/LABA. The primary end point was the mean change from baseline in the daily evening peak expiratory flow. Secondary end points were the mean change from baseline in percentage rescue-free 24-hour periods, daily morning peak expiratory flow, percentage symptom-free 24-hour periods, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire score, adverse events, and severe exacerbations.


RESULTS
The intent-to-treat population was 307 patients. There were significant (p < 0.001) improvements from baseline for FF/VI 100/25 μg versus placebo in evening peak expiratory flow (51.0 L/min [95% confidence interval {CI}, 42.2-59.7 L/min]) and all secondary end points (percentage rescue-free 24-hour periods 21.8% [95% CI, 14.6-29.1%]; morning peak expiratory flow 52.9 L/min [95% CI, 44.2-61.6 L/min]; percentage symptom-free 24-hour periods 15.8% [95% CI, 9.4-22.3%]; Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire score 0.52 [95% CI, 0.28, 0.75]). On-treatment adverse events were 35% with FF/VI (n = 2 [serious]), 31% with placebo; severe exacerbations were FF/VI (n = 1), placebo (n = 7).


CONCLUSIONS
In patients of Asian ancestry, once-daily FF/VI 100/25 μg produced statistically and clinically significant improvements in efficacy end points versus placebo, with a generally similar safety profile. Results were consistent with a global phase III study of FF/VI 100/25 μg. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01498679.
LINEAR RECURRENT SEQUENCES AND POWERS OF A SQUARE MATRIX

In this paper, we establish a formula expressing explicitly the general term of a linear recurrent sequence, allowing us to generalize the original result of J. McLaughlin [7] concerning powers of a matrix of size 2, to the case of a square matrix of size m ≥ 2. Identities concerning Fibonacci and Stirling numbers and various combinatorial relations are derived.
Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes.

CONTEXT
Among persons diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of foot ulcers is 4% to 10%, the annual population-based incidence is 1.0% to 4.1%, and the lifetime incidence may be as high as 25%. These ulcers frequently become infected, cause great morbidity, engender considerable financial costs, and are the usual first step to lower extremity amputation.


OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the evidence on the efficacy of methods advocated for preventing diabetic foot ulcers in the primary care setting.


DATA SOURCES, STUDY SELECTION, AND DATA EXTRACTION
The EBSCO, MEDLINE, and the National Guideline Clearinghouse databases were searched for articles published between January 1980 and April 2004 using database-specific keywords. Bibliographies of retrieved articles were also searched, along with the Cochrane Library and relevant Web sites. We reviewed the retrieved literature for pertinent information, paying particular attention to prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials.


DATA SYNTHESIS
Prevention of diabetic foot ulcers begins with screening for loss of protective sensation, which is best accomplished in the primary care setting with a brief history and the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament. Specialist clinics may quantify neuropathy with biothesiometry, measure plantar foot pressure, and assess lower extremity vascular status with Doppler ultrasound and ankle-brachial blood pressure indices. These measurements, in conjunction with other findings from the history and physical examination, enable clinicians to stratify patients based on risk and to determine the type of intervention. Educating patients about proper foot care and periodic foot examinations are effective interventions to prevent ulceration. Other possibly effective clinical interventions include optimizing glycemic control, smoking cessation, intensive podiatric care, debridement of calluses, and certain types of prophylactic foot surgery. The value of various types of prescription footwear for ulcer prevention is not clear.


CONCLUSIONS
Substantial evidence supports screening all patients with diabetes to identify those at risk for foot ulceration. These patients might benefit from certain prophylactic interventions, including patient education, prescription footwear, intensive podiatric care, and evaluation for surgical interventions.
A Novel Hydrazinecarbothioamide as a Potential Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in HCl

2-(1-methyl-4-((E)-(2-methylbenzylidene)amino)-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-ylidene)-hydrazineecarbothioamide (HCB) was synthesized as a corrosion inhibitor from the reaction of 4-aminoantipyrine, thiosemicarbazide and 2-methylbenzaldehyde. The corrosion inhibitory effects of HCB on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl were investigated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that HCB inhibited mild steel corrosion in acidic solution and inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the concentration of the inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency was up to 96.5% at 5.0 mM. Changes in the impedance parameters suggested that HCB adsorbed on the surface of mild steel, leading to the formation of a protective film. The novel corrosion inhibitor synthesized in the present study was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data.
Consumer behavior in social commerce: A literature review

Article history: Received 7 August 2015 Received in revised form 26 January 2016 Accepted 1 April 2016 Available online 7 April 2016 The emergence of social commerce has brought substantial changes to both businesses and consumers. Hence, understanding consumer behavior in the context of social commerce has become critical for companies that aim to better influence consumers and harness the power of their social ties. Given that research on this issue is new and largely fragmented, it will be theoretically important to evaluate what has been studied and derive meaningful insights through a structured review of the literature. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of social commerce studies to explicate how consumers behave on social networking sites. We classify these studies, discuss noteworthy theories, and identify important research methods. More importantly, we draw upon the stimulus–organism–response model and the five-stage consumer decision-making process to propose an integrative framework for understanding consumer behavior in this context. We believe that this framework can provide a useful basis for future social commerce research. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Statistical model of natural stimuli predicts edge-like pooling of spatial frequency channels in V2

It has been shown that the classical receptive fields of simple and complex cells in the primary visual cortex emerge from the statistical properties of natural images by forcing the cell responses to be maximally sparse or independent. We investigate how to learn features beyond the primary visual cortex from the statistical properties of modelled complex-cell outputs. In previous work, we showed that a new model, non-negative sparse coding, led to the emergence of features which code for contours of a given spatial frequency band. We applied ordinary independent component analysis to modelled outputs of complex cells that span different frequency bands. The analysis led to the emergence of features which pool spatially coherent across-frequency activity in the modelled primary visual cortex. Thus, the statistically optimal way of processing complex-cell outputs abandons separate frequency channels, while preserving and even enhancing orientation tuning and spatial localization. As a technical aside, we found that the non-negativity constraint is not necessary: ordinary independent component analysis produces essentially the same results as our previous work. We propose that the pooling that emerges allows the features to code for realistic low-level image features related to step edges. Further, the results prove the viability of statistical modelling of natural images as a framework that produces quantitative predictions of visual processing.
Analytical technique for automatic data processing equipment acquisition

In this paper we describe in considerable detail the "Analytical Technique for Automatic Data Processing Equipment Acquisition" developed and documented with Mr. Ernest L. Holt and Mr. Joseph T. Averitt for the Directorate of Data Automation, Headquarters, U.S. Air Force. This is the first public description of this Technique and how to use it.
SMART LIBRARY MANAGEMENT ROBOT USING LAB VIEW

The objective of this project is to develop smart library management system using robot. This scheme facilitates fast issuing, reissuing and returning of book with the help of robotic arm. It provides the book information and library associate information to the library management system and does not require the manual typing. In case of any difficulty faced by the robot when it does book searching process, the robot halts and sends an alarm. Typically we need librarian to pick the book and give up it to the person to whom the books are being issued. This is not easy task in case the library floor area is large. Humans take a lot of time for searching the book. To overcome this problem we are developing automation in library to fast diction of books using robotic arm with degrees of freedom. Robotic arm will pick and place book at desired location according to sensor data. To implement above mentioned tasks we are using national instruments myRIO model which has wide variety of sensors, actuators, and displays. Keywords— Labview, Myrio ,RFID, Robot, ,End-Effector.
COMPACT PLANAR UWB ANTENNA WITH BAND NOTCH CHARACTERISTICS FOR WLAN AND DSRC

In this paper, a compact ultra-wideband microstrip-fed annular ring antenna with band notch characteristics for wireless local area network (WLAN) and dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) is proposed. The proposed antenna comprises an annular ring patch and a partial ground plane with a rectangular slot. The notched frequency band is achieved by etching a partial annular slot in the lower portion of the ring radiator. The centre frequency and bandwidth of the notched band can be controlled by adjusting the width and position of the annular slot. Measured results show that the proposed antenna achieved an impedance bandwidth of 3–10.6GHz with a notched frequency band centred at 5.5 GHz. Compared to the recently reported band-notched UWB antennas, the proposed antenna has a simple configuration to realize the band notch characteristics to mitigate the possible interference between UWB and existing WLAN & DSRC systems. Furthermore, a symmetric radiation patterns, satisfactory gain and good time domain behaviour except at the notched frequency band makes the proposed antenna a suitable candidate for practical UWB applications.
STRONGER LASOTA-YORKE INEQUALITY FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL PIECEWISE EXPANDING TRANSFORMATIONS

For a large class of piecewise expanding C1,1 maps of the interval we prove the Lasota-Yorke inequality with a constant smaller than the previously known 2/ inf |τ ′|. Consequently, the stability results of Keller-Liverani [7] apply to this class and in particular to maps with periodic turning points. One of the applications is the stability of acim’s for a class of W-shaped maps. Another application is an affirmative answer to a conjecture of Eslami-Misiurewicz [2] regarding acim-stability of a family of unimodal maps.
Repeatability, reproducibility and rigor in systems research

Computer systems research spans sub-disciplines that include embedded and real-time systems, compilers, networking, and operating systems. Our contention is that a number of structural factors inhibit quality research and decrease the velocity of science. We highlight some of the factors we have encountered in our work and observed in published papers and propose solutions that, if widely adopted, could both increase the productivity of researchers and the quality of their output.