[DOC] [TLE] The discovery of polarization (polarization.com) [PAR] Iceland Spar had a prime role in the modern discovery of polarization and 
continues to ... Huygens realized that if the velocity of light varied with the 
direction the ... Stone (by the way, the iconoclast physicist Richard Feynman 
deciphered the ... A French ex-priest, Rene-Just Hauy, was one day showing a 
piece of calcite to a... [DOC] [TLE] iceland spar and its influence on the development of ... - Bad Request [PAR] E. Malus' observation in 1808 that light became polarized by ... and reflecting 
properties of Iceland spar were made with increasing accuracy through the 19th 
... pressure, also increased the understanding of crystal physics. .... type since 
2000 has been the website gallica.bnf.fr (operated by the French National Library
);. [DOC] [TLE] antedating of "clock wise" (1882) - listserv.linguistlist.org ... [PAR] Jul 11, 2005 ... From a >physics text online: > > > For the dates of the discovery of birefringence, 
polarization etc, here another excerpt: > In 1808, Malus held a piece of Iceland 
spar up to ... with further experiments showing that the > ability to polarize light ... 
The French National Library site (http://gallica.bnf.fr) has several... [DOC] [TLE] Iceland spar - Wikipedia [PAR] Iceland spar, formerly known as Iceland crystal is a transparent variety of calcite, 
or crystallized calcium carbonate, originally brought from Iceland, and used in 
demonstrating the polarization of ... Nicol prism[edit]. William Nicol (17701851) 
invented the first polarizing prism, using Iceland spar to create his Nicol prism. [DOC] [TLE] Iceland Spar: The Rock That Discovered Optics - PetaPixel [PAR] Dec 12, 2013 ... By using a second piece of Iceland spar he could block either of the ... a French 
scientist, Etienne Louis Malus, noticed the polarizing effects of... [DOC] [TLE] Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You - Timeline - 1800 to ... [PAR] Nov 13, 2015 ... In the aftermath of the American and French revolutions, the science of optics ... 
English physician and physicist Thomas Young challenged Isaac ... An 
accidental discovery in 1808 also provided more evidence for the wave theory. ... 
was in his Paris apartment one day toying with a piece of Iceland spar,... [DOC] [TLE] Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library [PAR] French Academy, announced on January 4, 1808, that it would give a prize, to be 
... consideration of the " strange refraction of Iceland spar." He had, at this time, .... 
plano-convex magnifying lens, and using a piece of black glass, inclined at the 
..... special variety of light which physicists called polarized light,. They worked... [DOC] [TLE] iceland spar: the helgustadir calcite locality [PAR] wave optics, crystallography, and crystal physics. From the mid-19th ... Keywords: 
Iceland spar - optical calcite - Helgustadir. - polarized light ... (see Figure 2A). 
Moreover, the pieces are of adequate size ... the French Academy of Sciences to 
announce in 1807 a ..... with polarized light such as that of Malus (1808) can also. [DOC] [TLE] The French Captain's Discovery  Polarized Light  International ... [PAR] May 31, 2015 ... Try it again. Without the glasses, you can read these words. With ... The puzzle 
of polarized light owes its solution to a dapper French captain in Napoleon's 
army, a contest of ... Iceland spar challenged Newton in ways no scientist dared. 
... In December 1808, Malus submitted his contest entry. Academie... [DOC] [TLE] Jean Baptiste Biot facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ... [PAR] Paris, France, 21 April 1774; d. Paris, 3 February 1862). physics. Biot's father ... 
When the University of France was established by Napoleon in 1808, Biot ... An 
unusual piece of research at the beginning of Biot's career was concerned with a 
.... few crystalline substances, such as Iceland spar, was a general property of 
light. [DOC] [TLE] Polarimeter - Physics - Kenyon College [PAR] Polarization by reflection was discovered in 1808 by Etienne Malus (1775-1812). 
... reflected from the windows of

Question: Using a piece of Iceland spar, a French physicist polarized this in 1808
Answer: light