[DOC] [TLE] Ottoman Caliphate - Wikipedia [PAR] The Ottoman Caliphate, under the Ottoman dynasty of the Ottoman Empire, was 
the last Sunni Islamic caliphate of the late medieval and the early modern era. 
During the period of Ottoman growth, Ottoman rulers claimed caliphal ... Since 
the 14th century, the caliphate was claimed by the Turkish sultans of the Ottoman
... [DOC] [TLE] Caliphate - Wikipedia [PAR] A caliphate (Arabic:      khilfa) is an area containing an Islamic steward 
known as a caliph ... 6 Ottoman Caliphate (15171924) .... Some Muslim 
countries, including Somalia, Indonesia and Malaysia, were never subject to the 
.... Rulers of the emirate used the title "emir" or "sultan" until the 10th century, 
when Abd... [DOC] [TLE] Caliphs - All About Turkey [PAR] After 1258, and until 1924 there have been several Caliphs, but all of these have 
... The Muslim world have never agreed upon uniting behind anyone of these. ... 
After this there has been several rulers putting up their own Caliph, but the ... With 
the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the Sultan held on to his title of Caliph for two... [DOC] [TLE] Are "king" and "sultan" completely analogous titles? How would a ... [PAR] Dec 23, 2013 ... This is the definition of Sultan found in Hans Wehr (4th edition) on page 493. ... 
This Mamluk ruler also held the title of Caliph at the time, and Selim forced him ... 
After that, and until the abolition of the Caliphate in 1924 by Turkey, the ..... 
Historically, up until the time of the Seljuk Turks, the Muslim world was... [DOC] [TLE] Ottoman Empire - New World Encyclopedia [PAR] However, the Ottomans may not have used the title Caliph until 1774, when the 
Tsar of .... They believed that the empire was too dependent on non-Muslims and 
that Turks ... But as the Ottomans moved further west, the Turkish leaders 
themselves .... Note that the first rulers never called themselves sultan, but 
rather bey... [DOC] [TLE] Caliph - Oxford Islamic Studies Online [PAR] 1058) in perhaps the most important work on the topic, Al-akm al-sultaniyah ... 
Whatever their titles, rulers of various parts of the Islamic world oftenthough ... 
The Ottoman sultans' serious claim to be caliphs goes back only to the late 
eighteenth century. ... Indian Muslims began to identify themselves with the 
Ottomans. [DOC] [TLE] Caliph - Oxford Islamic Studies Online [PAR] The Ottoman sultans claimed to inherit the mantle of the caliphate dating from this 
... as the holders of this office before its abolition by the Turkish government in 
1924. ... 1058) in perhaps the best-known work on the topic, al-Akam al-
sulnyah ... Whatever their titles, rulers of various parts of the Islamic world 
from north... [DOC] [TLE] Caliphate | Islamic history | Britannica.com [PAR] The political-religious state comprising the Muslim community and the lands and 
peoples ... and his rule established the Umayyad Caliphate that lasted until 750. 
... the Umayyad ruler in Spain, Abd al-Ramn III, adopted the title of caliph in 
928 in ... the Ottoman sultans, who had occasionally styled themselves as caliphs
... [DOC] [TLE] Caliph - RationalWiki [PAR] Jun 7, 2016 ... In effect, a caliph is the supreme leader of all Muslims, from priests and 
commanders ... a caliphate differs from a royal dynasty in that royal rulers tend to 
be ... it to Ottoman Sultan Selim I in 1517, ending the Arab monopoly on the title. 
... The Ottomans held the title until they finally abolished it in March 1924. [DOC] [TLE] The Ottoman Sultns, 1290-1924 AD - The Proceedings of the ... [PAR] Turkish identity has otherwise come from Islam, in which the Turks became a 
major .... 'Osman Ghz, (now just Osman Gazi) found himself on the frontier of 
Roman ... be of political importance until Atatrk chose it to be the capital many 
years later. .... In World War I Turkish soldiers would prove themselves tough and 
even... [DOC] [TLE] IslamicusCALIPH - Islamicus [PAR] Nov 4, 2012 ... The

Question: Regarding themselves as rulers of the Muslim world, Turkish sultans held this title until 1924
Answer: Caliph