[DOC] [TLE] Evolution: Library: A Mutation Story - PBS [PAR] Sickle cell specialist Dr. Ronald Nagel stresses the genetic diversity required for 
the ... was why sickle cell anemia was so prevalent in some African populations. 
... two mutant copies of the hemoglobin gene, the abnormal form of the 
hemoglobin ... red blood cells to lose oxygen and warp into a sickle shape during 
periods of... [DOC] [TLE] 10 genetic mutations and evolutionary traits found in Africa, with ... [PAR] Jun 1, 2015 ... Modern humans evolved in Africa about 200,000 years ago, and began moving 
... a more debilitating form of malaria with a much higher mortality rate. 
Somewhere in Africa, genetic mutation in which the red blood cells adopt a ... 
Whereas East Africans dominate long-distance running, athletes of primarily... [DOC] [TLE] Sickle Cell Anemia - In-Depth Report - NY Times Health [PAR] These sickle-shaped cells stick to the walls and cannot squeeze through the 
capillaries. ... The red blood cell count drops, which results in anemia. .... Sickle 
cell disease is referred to in some African languages as "a state of suffering," but 
..... In a study comparing patients with different kinds of long-term illnesses, those 
with... [DOC] [TLE] A Brief History of Sickle Cell Disease - Center for Sickle Cell Disease [PAR] What we call its discovery in 1910 occurred, not in Africa, but in the United 
States. ... Irons examined Noel's blood under the microscope and saw red blood 
cells ... in one of the medical journals in which he used the term sickle shaped 
cells. ... As a result of the much wider readership of that journal, Neel usually 
gets the... [DOC] [TLE] thalassemia | pathology | Britannica.com [PAR] Among persons of African descent the disease is unusually mild. ... Other forms 
exhibit mild anemia, while the most severe form (homozygous ... It is thought that 
a primary thalassemia genetic mutation results in reduction in the rate at ... the 
resultant imbalance of chain pairs result in ineffective production of red blood 
cells,... [DOC] [TLE] blood disease - Hypochromic microcytic anemias | Britannica.com [PAR] Apr 29, 2016 ... Any disease of the blood, involving the red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood 
... G-6-PD deficiency occurs in 10 to 14 percent of African Americans; the defect ... 
A long-recognized type of hemolytic anemia is that associated with the ... In 
thalassemia it is thought that a primary genetic mutation results in... [DOC] [TLE] Sickle Cell for Healthcare Professionals - Brent Sickle Cell ... [PAR] To appreciate the problems associated with sickle cell disease health care ... Red 
blood cells (RBC) are responsible for transporting oxygen; white blood ... type are 
genetic conditions affecting the red blood cell haemoglobin gene; ... (Mutation 
GAG  AAG result in amino acid substitution 6 Glutamic acid  Lysine = Hb C) [DOC] [TLE] chapter 47 the sickle cell diseases and related disorders [PAR] Dec 30, 2011 ... Sickle hemoglobin is a mutant hemoglobin in which valine has been ... Emmel2 
demonstrated that red cells sickled when blood from such ... FIGURE 47-1 
Peculiar elongated and sickle-shaped red corpuscles in a case of severe anemia
. ... Thus, the sickling process is characterized by a long delay that is... [DOC] [TLE] Homo sapiens diseases - Alterations in red blood cells (RBCs) [PAR] Some types of hemolytic anemia yield such a distinctive blood smear that the 
smear is ... First, it is available far more rapidly than are the results of a G6PD 
assay and, when ..... elliptocytes are red blood cells that are oval or cigar shaped 
..... of normal of hemoglobin concentrations of African Americans are appreciably 
lower. [DOC] [TLE] Globally prevalent PfMDR1 mutations modulate Plasmodium ... [PAR] May 18, 2016 ... Our results show that the N86Y mutation contributes to resistance to CQ and ... 
Amplified pfmdr1 was exceedingly rare in Africa (observed in 12/1,502 ... P. 
falciparum-infected red blood cells (RBCs), predominantly ring stages, ..... Within 
the DV, CQ is thought to trigger parasite killing by binding to reactive... [DOC] [TLE] Disorders of Hemoglobin Structure: Sickle Cell Anemia and Related ... [PAR] Sickle

Question: This implement-shaped type of red blood cell is thought to be the result of a mutation in Africa long ago
Answer: a sickle cell