[DOC] [TLE] Affirmative Action [PAR] Ferguson, the Supreme Court had upheld the cornerstone segregationist ... In a 
1947 report, the President's Committee on Fair Employment Practices ... These 
changes underscored the use of affirmative action as a balancing of competitive 
interests. ... action has been judicially ordered as a remedy to illegal 
discrimination. [DOC] [TLE] Employment Discrimination [PAR] IN the 1980s, however, the Supreme Court substantially narrowed the reach and 
remedies of civil rights laws addressing employment discrimination. ... These 
decisions interpreted Title VII and related laws extremely narrowly, and ... ruling 
by flipping the burden of proof to plaintiffs to establish that an employer's use of a
... [DOC] [TLE] Affirmative Action Law & Legal Definition [PAR] Affirmative action in American employment law has evolved through a series of ... 
education, or contractingbut also to attempt to redress the effects of past 
discrimination. ... Initiative, which would bar the use of race and gender in 
government hiring, .... Two important Supreme Court rulings in the late-1980s 
also acted to... [DOC] [TLE] Chapter 14: Civil Rights | American Politics Today, Core 2e: W. W. ... [PAR] Civil rights protect all persons from discrimination both by the government and ... 
The Supreme Court validated these practices in Plessy v. ... They argue that 
efforts to make up for past discrimination only perpetuate racial discrimination by 
classifying .... The strongest form is the use of strict quotas to admit or hire a 
specific... [DOC] [TLE] Affirmative Action Timeline - Infoplease [PAR] 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s ... This landmark Supreme Court 
case imposed limitations on affirmative action to ensure ... The court ordered that 
the state reform its hiring practices to end "pervasive, ... there has been past 
discrimination in a particular industry cannot justify the use of an unyielding racial 
quota. [DOC] [TLE] Employment Discrimination and Its Remedies - Springer [PAR] order, but community custom or past hiring practice of the employer indicate that 
he may ... employment discrimination based on race, although these statutes 
were honored ..... 1991 Civil Rights Act reversed 1988 and 1989 Supreme Court 
decisions that had ..... in the 1980s (Leonard 1990:54; Blumrosen 1993:133; 178)
. [DOC] [TLE] Discrimination - organization, system, examples, manager, definition ... [PAR] Most of these laws extend the protections in federal law to employers that are not 
... To remedy this discrimination, the court could require the company to pay ... to 
their use of employment tests that restrict the employment opportunities for ... A 
number of Supreme Court decisions in the mid- to late 1980s made 
discrimination... [DOC] [TLE] Compensating Victims of Preferential Employment Discrimination ... [PAR] use of racial and gender preferences to remedy the effects of employment ... 
Allocation in Title VII Remedies: Who Pays for Past Discrimination?, 44 TENN. L. 
REV. ... result of a court-ordered preferential remedy should receive monetary ... 
Section II analyzes these existing theories of compensation and finds them. [DOC] [TLE] The Law - EEOC [PAR] The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was created by Title VII of the 
Civil ... For historical reasons, these are presented as originally passed by 
Congress or ... The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in a broad 
array of .... overruling several Supreme Court decisions rendered in the late 
1980s that had... [DOC] [TLE] Federal Affirmative Action Law: A Brief History [PAR] Sep 13, 2005 ... public and private employment as a remedy for violation of civil and constitutional 
... controversy surrounds the Supreme Court's 1995 ruling in Adarand ... 
affirmative action to overcome the effects of past discrimination and to encourage 
... By the mid-1980's, the Supreme Court had approved the temporary... [DOC] [TLE] affirmative action facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ... [PAR] Employment programs required by federal statutes and regulations designed to 
remedy ... courts from ordering "affirmative race-conscious relief as a remedy for 
past ... One of these developments was the Supreme Court's refusal to review a 
.... and when it is court ordered to redress a pattern of workplace discrimination, 
the... [DOC] [TLE] Discrimination facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ... [PAR] Age discrimination is what occurs when an employer uses age as a

Question: In the 1980s the Supreme Court approved the use of these in hiring to remedy past discrimination
Answer: Quotas