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KashiwaByte

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Read_ComprehensionQA

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As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Smithfield, LondonSmithfield is a locality in the ward of Farringdon Without situated at the City of London\'s northwest in central London, England. The principal street of the area is West Smithfield. [PAR] A number of valued City institutions are located in the area, such as St Bartholomew\'s Hospital, the Charterhouse, and Livery Halls notably those of the Butchers\' and Haberdashers\' Companies, but Smithfield is best known for its ancient meat market, dating from the 10th century, which is now London\'s only remaining wholesale market in continuous operation since medieval times. The area also contains London\'s oldest surviving church, St Bartholomew-the-Great, founded in 1123 AD. [PAR] Smithfield has borne witness to many bloody executions of heretics and political rebels over the centuries, including major historical figures such as Scottish patriot Sir William Wallace and Wat Tyler, leader of the Peasants\' Revolt, among many other religious reformers and dissenters. [PAR] Smithfield Market, a Grade II listed-covered market building, was designed by Victorian architect Sir Horace Jones in the second half of the 19th century, and is the dominant architectural feature of the area. Some of its original market premises fell in to disuse in the late 20th century and faced the prospect of demolition. The Corporation of London\'s public enquiry in 2012 drew widespread support for an urban regeneration plan intent upon preserving Smithfield\'s historical identity. [PAR] Smithfield area [PAR] In the Middle Ages, it was a broad grassy area known as Smooth Field, located beyond London Wall stretching to the eastern bank of the River Fleet. Given its ease of access to grazing and water, Smithfield established itself as London\'s livestock market, remaining so for almost 1,000 years. Many local toponyms are associated with the livestock trade: while some street names (such as "Cow Cross Street" and "Cock Lane") remain in use, many more (such as "Chick Lane", "Duck Lane", "Cow Lane", "Pheasant Court", "Goose Alley" ) have disappeared from the map after the major redevelopment of the area in the Victorian era. [PAR] Religious history [PAR] In 1123, the area near Aldersgate was granted by King Henry I for the foundation of St Bartholomew\'s Priory at the request of Prior Rahere in thanks for his being nursed back to good health. The Priory exercised its right to enclose land between Aldersgate (to the east), Long Lane (to the north) and modern-day Newgate Street (to the south), erecting its main western gate which opened onto Smithfield, and a postern on Long Lane. The Priory thereafter held the manorial rights to hold weekly fairs, which initially took place in its outer court on the site of present-day Cloth Fair, leading to "Fair Gate".[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid [PAR] 51780 The parish: Bounds, gates and watchmen], The records of St. Bartholomew\'s priory [and] St. Bartholomew the Great, West Smithfield: volume 2 (1921), pp. 199-212. Retrieved 10 April 2009 [PAR] An additional annual celebration, the Bartholomew Fair, was established in 1133 by the Augustinian friars and this over time became one of London\'s pre-eminent summer fairs, opening each year on 24 August. A trading event for cloth and other goods as well as being a pleasure forum, the four-day festival drew crowds from all strata of English society. [PAR] In 1855, however, Bartholomew Fair was closed down by the City authorities after degenerating into a magnet for debauchery and public disorder. [PAR] In 1348, Walter de Manny rented 13 acre of land at Spital Croft, north of Long Lane, from the Master and Brethren of St Bartholomew\'s Hospital for a graveyard and plague pit for victims of the Black Death. A chapel and hermitage were constructed, renamed New Church Haw; but in 1371, this land was granted for the foundation of the Charterhouse, originally a Carthusian monastery.[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid [PAR] 22116 Religious Houses: House of Carthusian monks], A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 1: Physique, Archaeology, Domesday, Ecclesiastical Organization, The Jews,'}, 'question': {'Which old London market for cloth goods, founded by a charter from Henry I in 1133 and held annually at Smithfield and then Islington, was abolished in 1855 due to the disorderly rabble?'}}

['bartholomew fair']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Westlife\'s upcoming album updates | HavenWestlife\'s upcoming album updates | Haven [PAR] Westlife\'s upcoming album updates [PAR] Post by villy on Nov 5, 2009 15:32:40 GMT 1 [PAR] Can\'t waiiiit either Silvia! [PAR] New song WHERE WE ARE : www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcK-b5Cx_oE [PAR] Last Edit: Nov 8, 2009 17:49:47 GMT 1 by silvia84it - Back to Top [PAR] SILVIA [PAR] Post by zeal35 on Nov 11, 2009 14:02:40 GMT 1 [PAR] Where We Are the song is beautiful! [PAR] ---------- [PAR] Where We Are album Review [PAR] Pop\'s most enduring group, Westlife, have finally emerged from the studio after a year-long break to present their brand new album, \'Where We Are\'. [PAR] Spending much of 2009 hidden away in studios across Europe and the US, Westlife have been quietly creating their most exciting album to date. \'Where We Are\' features work from pop\'s finest craftsmen, including grammy nominated Ryan Tedder (Leona Lewis, Beyonce) Steve Robson (James Morrison, Take That) Steve Booker (Duffy) Louis Biancaniello and Sam Watters (Whitney Houston, Anastacia.) and Shaznay Lewis, who co-writes a track with band member Mark Feehily. [PAR] These stellar production teams have helped the boys create a new and contemporary sound, whilst retaining those classic Westlife soaring melodies and rousing lyrics. Featuring the already massive hit single \'What About Now\' it\'s a collection bound to excite fans and pop enthusiasts alike. [PAR] Perhaps best showcasing this new sound is \'Shadows\', co-written by Backstreet Boy A. J. Mclean. A classic Westlife choral anthem, peppered with a futuristic military drum roll fashioned by urban-pop maestro Ryan Tedder. The song sets the benchmark for the sound which brings Westlife bang up-to-date on the eve of the new decade. [PAR] Elsewhere \'The Difference\' visits rockier terrain, while \'Another World\' allows Mark Feehily\'s exquisite vocal to escalate to gospel territory, a moment sure to thrill live. \'I\'ll See You Again\' laments the passing of a loved one, set to a haunting landscape of piano, synths and acoustic guitar, a moment surely relatable. [PAR] Shane Filan of the band says "We\'ve been experimenting with a fresh vibe on this record, working with new producers and writing songs for the album ourselves. After eleven years we see this as phase two of the Westlife story." [PAR] Westlife\'s new material is the first since 2007\'s \'Back Home\', which became the band\'s seventh number one album, spending two months in the Top Ten and selling over 1 million copies in the UK alone. [PAR] No pop band can compare to Westlife\'s extraordinary success. During their 11 years at the top of pop\'s hierarchy, the band has sold over 40 million records globally. In the UK alone they have scored nine multi-platinum albums and a record breaking 14 No.1 hits (behind only Elvis and The Beatles). They have also picked up innumerable awards and appeared on hundreds of magazine covers around the world. They are the only recording artists to win the prestigious \'Record Of The Year\' an incredible four times (other top awards include two BRITS and an MTV Europe Award). Westlife are also the biggest selling Arena act ever, holding the record for the most concerts held at Wembley Arena, an incredible 23. [PAR] Source: entertainment.iafrica.com [PAR] --------------------- [PAR] Nicky tweet: [PAR] just a short note as i may not be on here for a while..thank you to everyone for being so repectful and caring to all my family this week..N [PAR] condolence.. [PAR] Westlife Interview & Photoshoot In Heat Magazine [PAR] 10 Nov 2009 [PAR] Interview: Jordan Paramor [PAR] You\'ve just had a whole year off - What the hell have you been doing? [PAR] Shane: Chilling out and doing sweet f*** all. I was at home hanging out with my family, and my wife had a baby boy, Patrick. I played football, golf, went to the gym... [PAR] Nicky: We\'ve been able to spend time with our kids and do the things we can\'t normally do. We got to reflect and learn to miss it'}, 'question': {'What Irish boyband formed in 1998 by Nicky Byrne, Kian Egan, Mark Feehily, Shane Filan and Brian McFadden became the 3rd biggest selling pop band worldwide and biggest selling band of 2000-2009, with 14 number 1 singles in the UK?'}}

['ioyou' 'westlife']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Walloons - Introduction, Location, Language, Folklore ...Walloons - Introduction, Location, Language, Folklore, Religion, Major holidays, Rites of passage [PAR] Walloons [PAR] LOCATION: Belgium (southern region, called Wallonia) [PAR] POPULATION: 3.2 million [PAR] RELIGION: Roman Catholicism; Islam; Protestantism; Judaism; Russian Orthodox; Greek Orthodox [PAR] 1 • INTRODUCTION [PAR] The Walloons, who live in Belgium\'s southern provinces, are the country\'s French-speaking inhabitants. Their culture contrasts with that of the Flemings, who inhabit the northern part of the country and speak Flemish, a language similar to Dutch. The Walloons\' closest cultural ties are to France and other countries in which Romance languages are spoken. [PAR] In the fifth century [PAR] AD [PAR] the Franks, a Germanic people, invaded the region that includes modern Belgium. They gained the most power in the northern area, where early forms of the Dutch language took hold. In the south, the Roman culture and Latin-based dialects continued to flourish. During the feudal period between the ninth and twelfth centuries [PAR] AD [PAR] , the Flemish and Walloon cultures continued developing along separate lines. [PAR] Beginning in the sixteenth century, both the Flemings and the Walloons came under the rule of a succession of foreign powers. These included Spain, the Austrian Hapsburg monarchy, the French under Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821), and, finally, The Netherlands. Both groups then joined together in a revolt against Dutch rule. The new Kingdom of Belgium was created in 1830 as a constitutional monarchy. [PAR] Throughout the nineteenth century, the Walloons held most of the political and economic power in Belgium. The rich natural resources of their region (known as Wallonia) brought the mines, mills, and factories of the Industrial Revolution to the region early. Their language, French, was the language of government, law, the Roman Catholic Church, and education. By comparison, the Dutch-based Flemish language was associated with rural poverty and lack of education. This language division was dramatized when French-speaking Belgian officers in World War I (1914–18) couldn\'t communicate with their Flemish-speaking troops. [PAR] Since World War II (1939–45), Wallonia\'s traditional heavy industries (especially steelmaking) have declined, and its coal mines have closed. [PAR] In the 1960s, the Flemings and Walloons were given increased control over their respective regions. In 1993 Belgium\'s constitution was amended, making Flanders and Wallonia autonomous (self-governing) regions within the Belgian Kingdom. [PAR] 2 • LOCATION [PAR] With an area of 6,600 square miles (17,094 square kilometers), Wallonia covers 55 percent of Belgium\'s territory and includes the provinces of southern Brabant, Hainautl, Namur, Liège, and Luxembourg. Wallonia is a densely populated area with 3.2 million inhabitants. [PAR] 3 • LANGUAGE [PAR] The language of Wallonia is French. There are also a number of regional dialects. These dialects, which are referred to collectively as "Walloon," are grouped into Eastern (Liège), Central (Namur), and Western (Charleroi, La Louvière, Nivelles). [PAR] 4 • FOLKLORE [PAR] Traditionally, the spirits of the departed were thought to return to earth on All Saints\' Day (November 1). Families still visit cemeteries to clean the tombs of their deceased relatives on that date. Some rural villagers still believe in the powers of folk healers. Walloon folklore includes many tales involving the devil. [PAR] 5 • RELIGION [PAR] Catholicism is the traditional religion of Wallonia. The Walloons are generally less religious than the Flemings to their north. Even the elderly who keep statues of the Virgin Mary in their windows often are not regular churchgoers. Wallonia is the site of two popular pilgrimage shrines, at Beauraing and Banneaux. Lourdes in southwestern France has traditionally drawn many pilgrims from Walloon. [PAR] 6 • MAJOR HOLIDAYS [PAR] The Walloons observe Belgium\'s ten public holidays as well as many folk holidays. The'}, 'question': {'Where do Walloons come from?'}}

['belgium' 'belgian']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Muscle Cramps: Read More About Symptoms and CausesMuscle Cramp Causes, Treatment & Remedies [PAR] What Is the Prognosis for Muscle Cramps? [PAR] What Is a Muscle Cramp? [PAR] As we normally use our muscles, they alternately contract and relax as we move our limbs back and forth. Similarly, the muscles that maintain our posture contract and relax in a synchronized fashion. A muscle that involuntarily contracts without our consciously willing it is called a "spasm." If the spasm is forceful and sustained, it becomes a cramp. A muscle cramp is an involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax. Muscle cramps cause a visible or palpable hardening of the involved muscle. [PAR] Muscle cramps can last anywhere from a few seconds to a quarter of an hour or occasionally longer. It is not uncommon for a cramp to recur multiple times until it finally goes away. The cramp may involve a part of a muscle, the entire muscle, or several muscles that usually act together, such as those that flex adjacent fingers. Some cramps involve the simultaneous contraction of muscles that ordinarily move body parts in opposite directions. [PAR] Muscle cramps are extremely common, and nearly everyone experiences a cramp at some time in their life. Cramps are common in adults and become increasingly frequent with aging . However, children also experience cramps. [PAR] Any of the muscles that are under our voluntary control (skeletal muscles) can cramp. Cramps of the extremities, especially the legs and feet , and most particularly the calf (the classic "charley horse"), are very common. Involuntary muscles, those we cannot control, of the various organs (heart, uterus, blood vessel wall, intestinal tract, bile and urine passages, bronchial tree, etc.) are also subject to spasms and cramps but will not be further considered in this review. This article focuses on cramps of the muscles that move joints, the muscles we can consciously control, the voluntary muscle known as skeletal muscle. [PAR] Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 7/26/2016 [PAR] Medical Author:[DOC] [TLE] Muscle Cramps Symptoms, Treatment, Causes - What are ...Muscle Cramps Symptoms, Treatment, Causes - What are muscle cramps? - MedicineNet [PAR] Medical Author: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD [PAR] Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD [PAR] Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler\'s educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology. [PAR] Medical Editor: William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR [PAR] William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR [PAR] Dr. Shiel received a Bachelor of Science degree with honors from the University of Notre Dame. There he was involved in research in radiation biology and received the Huisking Scholarship. After graduating from St. Louis University School of Medicine, he completed his Internal Medicine residency and Rheumatology fellowship at the University of California, Irvine. He is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology. [PAR] Quick GuideDehydration: Causes, Symptoms & Tips to Stay Hydrated [PAR] What are muscle cramps? [PAR] A muscle cramp is an involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax. When we use the muscles that can be controlled voluntarily, such as those of our arms and legs, they alternately contract and relax as we move our limbs. Muscles that support our head, neck, and trunk contract similarly in a synchronized fashion to maintain our posture. A muscle (or even a few fibers of a muscle) that involuntarily (without consciously willing it) contracts is in a "spasm." If the spasm is forceful and sustained, it becomes a cramp. Muscle cramps often cause a visible or palpable hardening of the involved muscle. [PAR] Muscle cramps can last anywhere from a few seconds to a quarter of an hour or occasionally longer. It is not uncommon for a cramp to recur multiple times until it finally resolves. The cramp may involve a part of a muscle, the entire muscle, or several muscles that usually'}, 'question': {'Cramp affects what part of the body?'}}

['muscles' 'muscle']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Found: Blackbeard's Anchor From Queen Annes Revenge ...Found: Blackbeard's Anchor From Queen Annes Revenge | Alternative [PAR] (Before It's News) [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Edward Teach (c. 1680 – 22 November 1718), better known as Blackbeard, was a notorious English pirate who operated around the West Indies and the eastern coast of the American colonies. [PAR] Teach was most likely born in Bristol, although little is known about his early life. In 1716 he joined the crew of Benjamin Hornigold, a pirate who operated from the Caribbean island of New Providence. He quickly acquired his own ship, Queen Anne's Revenge, and from 1717 to 1718 became a renowned pirate. His cognomen, Blackbeard, was derived from his thick black beard and fearsome appearance; he was reported to have tied lit fuses under his hat to frighten his enemies. [PAR] After parting company with Hornigold, Teach formed an alliance of pirates and with his cohort blockaded the port of Charleston, South Carolina. He successfully ransomed its inhabitants and then soon after, ran his ship aground on a sandbar near Beaufort, North Carolina. Teach accepted a royal pardon but was soon back at sea, where he attracted the attention of the Governor of Virginia, Alexander Spotswood. Spotswood arranged for a party of soldiers and sailors to find and capture the pirate, which they did on 22 November 1718. During a ferocious battle, Teach was killed by a small force of sailors led by Lieutenant Robert Maynard. [PAR] Edward Teach known as Blackbeard, Engraving 1736 [PAR] Image: Wikipedia\xa0 [PAR] A shrewd and calculating leader, Teach avoided the use of force, relying instead on his fearsome image to elicit the response he desired from those he robbed. Contrary to the modern-day picture of the traditional tyrannical pirate, he commanded his vessels with the permission of their crews and there are no known accounts of his ever having harmed or murdered those he held captive. He was romanticised after his death, and became the inspiration for a number of pirate-themed works of fiction across a range of genres. [PAR] Get a behind-the-scenes look at the ‘Wet Lab” where the conservation work on the Queen Anne’s Revenge is being done on a daily basic. Hear from an expert on the various techniques used to bring the past back to life. [PAR] After resting on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean since 1718, the anchor is being recovered-weather permitting-on Friday through the\xa0 Queen Anne’s Revenge Shipwreck Project \xa0of the N.C. Department of Cultural Resources Underwater Archaeology Branch.\xa0 The anchor will be brought up to the decks of the R/VDan Moore, Cape Fear Community College vessel, and will be offloaded at the State Port at Morehead City.\xa0 After the public viewing at the Crystal Coast Visitor Center it will be transported to the\xa0QAR\xa0Conservation Lab at East Carolina University in Greenville. [PAR]"}, 'question': {'What was the name of the ship used by Edward Teach, known as Blackbeard, an English pirate who operated around the West Indies and the east coast of the American colonies from 1717 to 1718?'}}

['queen annes revenge']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Mars will be close to Earth this weekend ... - RedorbitMars will be close to Earth this weekend- Here's how to spot it - Redorbit [PAR] Mars will be close to Earth this weekend– Here’s how to spot it [PAR] by Chuck Bednar [PAR] Grab your telescopes and binoculars, folks: this weekend, Mars reaches “opposition,” meaning that it will be exactly opposite the sun in Earth’s sky and will thus be shining more brightly than at any other time during the year, making it an ideal time to hunt for the Red Planet. [PAR] During opposition, Mars will rise as the sun sets and set as the run rises, according to Space.com , and will be visible all night long on Saturday and Sunday. The exact time that it will first become visible varies by location, but it will be visible for longer periods of time in the south. [PAR] Catching a glimpse of the Red Planet will be easy, NPR explained. Shortly after the sun sets, go outside and look towards the southeastern part of the sky. Locate the full moon, which should be an easy task, and then look for what appears to be a bright red star to its right. That’s Mars. [PAR] In addition to being extremely bright, Mars will be the closest it’s been to Earth in more than 10 years on Sunday, according to EarthSky . At a distance of 46.78 million miles (75.28 million km), the planet will the closest it’s been to Earth since it’s November 2005 opposition. [PAR] After its opposition, Mars will begin to gradually fade in brightness, the website said. However, this year’s event is an “awesome” opportunity to catch a glimpse of the planet, as it “will briefly match the brightness of Jupiter, currently the brightest starlike object in the evening sky (since Venus is now behind the sun).” [PAR] More about Mars and its upcoming opposition [PAR] Why is this event called an opposition? As NASA scientist Michelle Thaller told NPR, the name dates back to a time when astronomers held “a more Earth-centric view” of the solar system, and it seems fitting, as it looks as though Mars and the sun are on opposite sides of the sky. [PAR] While this year’s opposition event will bring Mars closer than it has been in over a decade, it still is not the closest it has ever been. According to EarthSky, the greatest/closest opposition of Mars since the Stone Age took place in August 2003, as the planet was just 34.65 million miles (55.76 million km) from the Earth. That record is not expected to fall until August 2287. [PAR] Earlier this week, to mark the occasion, NASA revealed new up-close images of Mars captured by the Hubble Space Telescope, and those photographs show the planet’s polar caps and clouds floating above the rust-colored surface of the planet. The images were taken by the telescope on May 12, when Mars was 50 million miles away, and reveal details as small as just 20 to 30 miles across, according to the US space agency. [PAR] “The biennial close approaches between Mars and Earth are not all the same,” explained NASA. “Mars' orbit around the sun is markedly elliptical; the close approaches to Earth can range from 35 million to 63 million miles. They occur because about every two years Earth's orbit catches up to Mars' orbit, aligning the sun, Earth, and Mars in a straight line.” [PAR] “This phenomenon is a result of the difference in orbital periods between Earth's orbit and Mars' orbit. While Earth takes the familiar 365 days to travel once around the sun, Mars takes 687 Earth days to make its trip around our star,” the agency added. “ As a result, Earth makes almost two full orbits in the time it takes Mars to make just one, resulting in the occurrence of Martian oppositions about every 26 months.” [PAR] ----- [PAR] An artists's impression of what Mars might have looked like 4 billion years ago. Image credit: ESO[DOC] [TLE] Mars to appear at its biggest, brightest tonight - PopHeraldMars"}, 'question': {'In 2003, which planet passed 55.76 million km from earth, the closest since the Stone Age?'}}

['mars' 'planet mars' 'opposition of mars']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Summer, after Thomas Bewick - Kenspeckle LetterpressKenspeckle Letterpress - 19th Century Solutions to 21st Century Problems [PAR] Home » Marians Giclees » Summer, after Thomas Bewick [PAR] Summer, after Thomas Bewick [PAR] Summer, after Thomas Bewick [PAR] One of four seasonal mood-prints of the same tree, stylized from a tiny wood engraving by the late 18th, early 19th century master engraver, Thomas Bewick. Commissioned by Amberwing , a mental health day-treatment center for children and young adults here in Duluth. [PAR] Learn more about Amberwing and the Miller Dwan Foundation: http://mdfoundation.org/projects/amberwing/ [PAR] Signed edition of 500.[DOC] [TLE] Thomas BewickThomas Bewick (c. 11 August 1753 – 8 November 1828) was an English engraver and natural history author. Early in his career he took on all kinds of work such as engraving cutlery, making the wood blocks for advertisements, and illustrating children\'s books. Gradually he turned to illustrating, writing and publishing his own books, gaining an adult audience for the fine illustrations in A History of Quadrupeds. [PAR] His career began when he was apprenticed to engraver Ralph Beilby in Newcastle upon Tyne. He became a partner in the business and eventually took it over. Apprentices whom Bewick trained include John Anderson, Luke Clennell, and William Harvey, who in their turn became well known as painters and engravers. [PAR] Bewick is best known for his A History of British Birds, which is admired today mainly for its wood engravings, especially the small, sharply observed, and often humorous vignettes known as tail-pieces; the book was the forerunner of all modern field guides. He notably illustrated editions of Aesop\'s Fables throughout his life. [PAR] He is credited with popularising a technical innovation in the printing of illustrations using wood. He adopted metal-engraving tools to cut hard boxwood across the grain, producing printing blocks that could be integrated with metal type, but were much more durable than traditional woodcuts. The result was high quality illustration at a low price. [PAR] Life [PAR] Bewick was born at Cherryburn, a house in the village of Mickley, Northumberland, near Newcastle upon Tyne on 10 or 11 August 1753, although his birthday was always celebrated on the 12th. His parents were tenant farmers: his father John had been married before his union with Jane, and was in his forties when Thomas, the eldest of eight, was born. John rented a small colliery at Mickley Bank, which employed perhaps six men. Bewick attended school in the nearby village of Ovingham. [PAR] Bewick did not flourish at schoolwork, but at a very early age showed a talent for drawing. He had no lessons in art. At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to Ralph Beilby, an engraver in Newcastle, where he learnt how to engrave on wood and metal, for example marking jewellery and cutlery with family names and coats of arms. In Beilby\'s workshop Bewick engraved a series of diagrams on wood for Charles Hutton, illustrating a treatise on measurement. He seems thereafter to have devoted himself entirely to engraving on wood, and in 1775 he received a prize from the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce for a wood engraving of the "Huntsman and the Old Hound" from Select Fables by the late Mr Gay, which he was illustrating. [PAR] In 1776 Bewick became a partner in Beilby\'s workshop. The joint business prospered, becoming Newcastle\'s leading engraving service with an enviable reputation for high quality work and good service.Dixon, 2010. p. 265. In September 1776 he went to London for eight months, finding the city rude, deceitful and cruel, and much disliking the unfairness of extreme wealth and poverty side by side. He returned to his beloved Newcastle as soon as he could, but his time in the capital gave him a wider reputation, business experience, and an awareness of new movements in art.Dixon, 2010. pp. 263–264. [PAR] In 1786, when he was financially secure, he married Isabella Elliott from Ovingham; she had been a friend when they were children. They had four children, Robert, Jane, Isabella, and Elizabeth; the daughters worked on their father'}, 'question': {'For what was Thomas Bewick renowned in the 18th century?'}}

['wood engravings']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Dodge MorganDodge David Morgan (January 15, 1932 – September 14, 2010) was an American sailor, businessman, publisher and "self-proclaimed contrarian." He flew fighter jets in the U.S. Air Force in the early 1950s, worked as a newspaper reporter in Alaska, and became a millionaire by operating a company that manufactured radar detectors from 1971 to 1983. He gained fame in 1986 as the first American to sail solo around the globe with no stops. He also set a world record for eastward sailing when he completed his journey in 150 days, cutting the prior record of 292 days nearly in half. He spent his later years living on a 30-acre island that he purchased in 1998 in Maine\'s Quahog Harbor. [PAR] Early years [PAR] Morgan was born in Malden, Massachusetts, in 1932. His father, Russell B. Morgan, was a pharmacist who died when Morgan was two or three years old. His mother, Ruth Dodge Morgan remarried, and Morgan recalled having "quite a happy life" with his new family. He described himself as "a lousy student" who devoted most of his time to "sports and other such activities." He also worked at his uncle\'s boatyard on Cape Cod as a teenager. [PAR] On reaching adulthood, Morgan joined the United States Air Force and flew jet fighters. He joined the Air Force, he said, "so I wouldn\'t have to tell my mother I got kicked out of college." While serving in the Air Force, he once crashed his F-86 Sabre fighter jet. Morgan later recalled that he was trying to land at Presque Isle Air Force Base when his engine flamed out and the plane crashed into the Maine woods. His canopy jammed, and rescuers had to extricate him with an ax. Asked about the threat of fire from the fuel tanks in the jet\'s wings, Morgan said, "No problem, the wings were about 300 yards behind me when the fuselage finally stopped." [PAR] After being discharged from the Air Force, Morgan attended Boston University, where he received a degree in journalism. He married Lael Warren (Morgan) while they were both at BU. They moved to Alaska and worked as a reporter for the Anchorage Daily News. [PAR] Morgan returned to Massachusetts and headed his own advertising and public relations firm. He saved enough money to buy a 36-foot wooden schooner named Coaster. They sailed the Coaster from Maine to Alaska with stops at the Virgin Islands, the Panama Canal and Hawaii. Morgan recalled that, after buying the boat, "I never slept ashore for 2-1/2 years." Coaster was sold in Alaska and Dodge returned to Massachusetts, while Lael remained in Alaska. Eventually they divorced. [PAR] Controlonics [PAR] In 1971, Morgan formed a company called Controlonics in Westford, Massachusetts. The company made radar detectors under the brand name Whistler. He started the company with $25,000, and built it "from three people in a garage to 300 people." Interviewed in 2005, Morgan said that, after his children, the accomplishment that made him proudest was "the culture of openness that I felt responsible for at my company. It was even more important than our financial success. There was a culture that accepted and celebrated individual eccentricities." Morgan sold Controlonics in December 1983 for a sum between $32 million and $35 million. [PAR] Journey of American Promise [PAR] Morgan made a promise to himself in the early 1960s that he would one day sail around the world. He sold Controlonics to "follo[w] a dream I had years before on the old schooner, to sail around the world on a boat which was designed for that." [PAR] In 1985, at age 53, he launched his journey around the world on a 60-foot boat named American Promise. The boat was designed by 1974 America\'s Cup winner Ted Hood. Hood recalled that the boat was designed for sturdiness rather than speed: "Everyone said there\'s no way that boat is going to get around the world in record'}, 'question': {'Dodge Morgan, who became famous in 1986 at age 54 when he sailed solo around the globe without stops in 150 days (breaking the record of 292 days), had become a millionaire by operating a company that manufactured what from 1971 to 1983?'}}

['radar detectors']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Cambridge vs Oxford: all the boat race winners listed ...Cambridge vs Oxford: all the boat race winners listed | News | theguardian.com [PAR] Blog home [PAR] Cambridge vs Oxford: all the boat race winners listed [PAR] Cambridge and Oxford are once again set to go head to head in the Varsity Boat Race this weekend but which university boasts the most wins and what is the fastest time? [PAR] • Get the data [PAR] Rowing - 2011 Oxford v Cambridge University Boat Race - River Thames, London - 26/3/11 Oxford's Bow Moritz Hafner (C) celebrates winning the race with team mates Mandatory Credit: Action Images / Steven Paston Photograph: Reuters [PAR] The Oxford and Cambridge rowing teams are lining up for the annual Varsity Boat Race today but who will walk away victorus and add another win to their total? [PAR] Cambridge is currently in the lead in terms of most wins since the race began with 80 wins compared with Oxford's 76. Last year Oxford beat their rivals with a time of 17 minutes and 32 seconds despite Cambridge being tipped as the favourites. [PAR] Oxford won the first ever race in 1829 with a time of 14 minutes and three seconds, although it should be noted that it was a different course. The current course runs from Putney to Mortlake. The Xchanging Boat Race website shows the route and the best places for spectators via a Google map . [PAR] The record time for the current 4 miles and 374 yard course belongs to Cambridge who finished in 16 minutes and 19 seconds in 1998. Interestingly the data shows that Cambridge have sunk their boat twice in the race's history whilst Oxford have only sunk once. [PAR] A list of all the winning boats and winning time by year can be found below. There are also details of the reserves in the spreadsheet, which you can download. What can you do with this data? [PAR] Data summary[DOC] [TLE] History | Cambridge University Boat ClubHistory | Cambridge University Boat Club [PAR] Select Page [PAR] A Brief History of the Club & The Race [PAR] Rowing was not the first Inter-University sports’ event. That record is held by cricket (1827) but rowing was the second and it is thought that it was as a direct result of the cricket competition that the discussion about a rowing event took place between Charles Merivale, later Dean of Ely an undergraduate at St John’s College Cambridge and his great friend Charles Wordsworth, an undergraduate of Christ Church Oxford and son of the then Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. [PAR] On the 12th March 1829 the following letter was sent from Cambridge to Oxford: [PAR] The University of Cambridge hereby challenge the University of Oxford to row a match at or near London each in an eight-oar boat during the Easter vacation [PAR] – W Snow [PAR] St John’s College [PAR] The challenge was accepted and the first race was rowed at Henley on June 10th 1829.\xa0The next two decades are notable for the arguments that took place between the two universities on details relating to the arrangements for the race and although races were held in 1836, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1845, 1846, 1849, 1852 and 1854 it was not until 1856 that it became an annual event. Since then this entirely amateur, private challenge between the Clubs of the two ancient universities has only been interrupted during war years.\xa0From 1836 to 1842 the Race was rowed from Westminster to Putney, but from 1845 onwards, because of the heavy commercial traffic on that stretch of the river, it has always been held on the Putney to Mortlake stretch of the Tideway. Three times in the early years it was raced from Mortlake to Putney but otherwise it has always been from Putney to Mortlake. [PAR] The race is of 4 miles 374 yards from the University Stone (just above Putney Bridge) to the Finish Post (just below the Chiswick road bridge). Although the start and finish lines are very close to being parallel and hence the distance each crew rows is theoretically equal, the river over that stretch looks like an upturned hat. The race is rowed one half hour before high tide and as a consequence of the bends which distort the flow of the tide and the contrary flow down"}, 'question': {'The modern Oxford-Cambridge University boating course runs from Putney to where?'}}

['mortlake']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Crabs – Among the Crustaceans on Your French Menu ...Behind the French Menu: Crabes - Crabs. Crabs Among the Crustaceans on Your French Menu. Crustaceans II. [PAR] Crabes - Crabs. Crabs Among the Crustaceans on Your French Menu. Crustaceans II. [PAR] from [PAR] Le Crabe, Le Crabe Tourteau: The Edible Brown Crab. [PAR] Photograph by courtesy of Hans Hillewsert CC-By-SA-3.0. [PAR] \xa0 \xa0\xa0 [PAR] Crabs are the tasty, eight-legged crustaceans at the heart of many French seafood restaurant menus. Ordering crabs in France is a joy, with a choice from the simplest of dishes to truly special creations. I have never seen the variety of crab recipes that France offers available anywhere else. [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 [PAR] You can order crabs in season, without too many worries as crabs are far less expensive than lobster. Both crabs and lobsters have exquisite tastes, but those tastes and their individual textures are very different. In competitions for the tastiest crustaceans on the planet, it is crabs and lobsters who are always the winners; the only dispute will be who came first and who came second.\xa0 The European two-clawed European lobster , a slightly sweeter and close cousin of the American two-clawed lobster is called the homard bleu in French and it is very expensive. That is a good reason to enjoy one of the crabs on the menu. The rock lobster , the Langouste, the owner of the lobster tail , will also be in contention, but fresh crab is something special. [PAR] \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 [PAR] How to eat boiled crabs. [PAR] \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0\xa0 [PAR] If you are new to eating fresh crab begin by ordering the simplest dish on the menu.\xa0 That will be cold fresh crab served with Fresh Mayonnaise or Aioli ; the crab will have been simply prepared by boiling and then allowing it too cool. That natural recipe allows you to enjoy pulling apart the tasty crab meat from the claws, the legs, and the shell. A bowl of Fresh Mayonnaise will be on the side. \xa0Worry, not the hard work of opening a crab’s carapace, the top part of its shell, is always done by the restaurant. The carapace, the top, is just returned when the crab is served as it looks attractive, it has no other use. \xa0All seafood restaurants provide the special tools that allow you to pull the meat from the legs and claws. [PAR] \xa0 \xa0 [PAR] Photograph courtesy of Tella Chen [PAR] \xa0 \xa0 [PAR] Unfortunately, few restaurants, these days, supply finger bowls, and for this otherwise enjoyable task, you do need one. Those finger wipes that many restaurants hand out do not do the trick unless you use five or six. \xa0\xa0When the dish you have chosen is just crab meat, Chair de Crabe, then all the hard work will have been done by the restaurant. [PAR] \xa0\xa0 [PAR] In this post, I will keep to the most popular crabs and crab dishes. A future post or posts will include more suggestions on menu options. [PAR] \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 \xa0 [PAR] French seafood restaurants usually offer, in season, the two most popular local crabs.\xa0 Neither will be on North American menus, and there are very few UK restaurants that offer a whole fresh crab, let alone a choice.\xa0 Other local edible crabs are available in France; however, most are small and will end up in the fish or crab soup. In any case, when you visit a French seafood restaurant the crabs, including imported crabs, that you may order will be named on the menu, or possibly on a blackboard on the wall; additionally, your server is also there to help you decide. \xa0In the larger towns, in the crab season, many restaurants offer trays of cooked crabs by their entrance. These are for locals who want to buy crabs when the markets are closed and prefer to enjoy them at home. Diners in the restaurant may also come out and choose their own crab. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The shared name for crabs in the languages of France’s neighbors: [PAR] \xa0\xa0 [PAR] (Catalan –cranc), (Dutch – krabben), (German - kraben), ( Italian -granchi),(Spanish – cangrejos). [PAR]'}, 'question': {'"What word would you expect to find ""Lobster"" described as on a French menu?"'}}

['langouste' 'rock lobster']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Instant Video Play > Scopitone Model 450 Video Jukebox ...Instant Video Play: Scopitone Model 450 Video Jukebox | Circa 1960 | BMIGaming.com Historical Amusement Series [PAR] Details [PAR] Scopitone Model 450 Video Jukebox | Circa 1960 | BMIGaming.com Historical Amusement Series [PAR] Scopitone Model 450 Film Jukebox | Circa 1960 | From the BMIGaming.com Historical Amusement Machine Series. This clip was shot using a iPhone 4S @ 1080i resolution in low light. About This Video : Some friends and I attended the multi-million dollar "Millhouse Collection" Auction in Boca Raton, Florida in February 2012, and during our tour of the amazing and very modern two level office building that housed the Millhouse brothers unique collection of vintage cars, music machinery and other rare oddities, we stumbled upon this very "funky" looking jukebox machine that to our utter surprise, also showed video content with the music.. Had we just discovered the precursor to today\'s modern internet video jukebox machines? We originally guessed this machine was from the 60\'s, but after looking at a manual we found on top of the machine, which was copyrighted in 1978, we were surprised that our guess was so off - Until we searched online for Scopitone, and confirmed our original guess (from the 60\'s) was correct. Scopitone jukeboxes are the 1960s ancestors of today\'s modern music video jukebox machines, with music content distributed on color 16mm film with a magnetic soundtrack, The first Scopitones were made in France in 1960, and the Scopitone craze spread throughout Europe (particularly in West Germany and England) before crossing the Atlantic to the United States in mid-1964. By the end of the 1960s, they were gone. HISTORICAL ITEMS ARE NOT AVAILABLE FOR SALE From the Wikipedia entry for "Scopitone" : Scopitone is a type of jukebox featuring a 16 mm film component. Scopitone films were a forerunner of music videos. The Italian Cinebox/Colorama and Color-Sonics were competing, lesser-known technologies of the time. Based on Soundies technology developed during World War II, color 16mm film clips with a magnetic soundtrack were designed to be shown in a specially designed jukebox. Between 1940 and 1946, three-minute musical films called Soundies (produced in New York City, Chicago, and Hollywood) were displayed on a Panoram, the first coin-operated film jukebox or machine music. These were set up in nightclubs, bars, restaurants, and amusement centers. The first Scopitones were made in France, by a company called Cameca on Blvd Saint Denis in Courbevoie near Paris, among them Serge Gainsbourg\'s Le poinçonneur des Lilas (filmed in 1958 in the Porte des Lilas Métro station), Johnny Hallyday\'s "Noir c\'est noir" (a cover of Los Bravos\' "Black Is Black") and the "Hully Gully" showing a dance around the edge of a French swimming pool. Scopitones spread to West Germany, where the Kessler Sisters burst out of twin steamer trunks to sing "Quando Quando" on the dim screen that surmounted the jukebox. Scopitone went on to appear in bars in England, including a coffee bar in Swanage where Telstar was a favourite. By 1964, approximately 500 machines were installed in the USA. Several well-known acts of the 1960s appear in Scopitone films, however, ranging from the earlier part of the decade The Exciters ("Tell Him") and Neil Sedaka ("Calendar Girl") to Procol Harum ("A Whiter Shade of Pale") later on. In one Scopitone recording, Dionne Warwick lay on a white shag rug with an offstage fan urging her to sing "Walk On By". Another had Nancy Sinatra and a troupe of go-go girls shimmy to "These Boots Are Made for Walkin\'". Inspired by burlesque, blonde bombshell Joi Lansing performed "Web of Love" and "The Silencer", and Julie London sang "Daddy" against a backdrop of strippers. The artifice of such scenes led Susan Sontag to identify Scopitone films as "part of the canon of Camp" in her 1964 essay "Notes on \'Camp\'." By the end of the 1960s,'}, 'question': {'"What is a type of jukebox featuring 16 mm film, for which films were made between 1958 [notably for songs by the Kessler Sisters (""Quando Quando""), The Tornados (""Telstar""), Neil Sedaka (""Calendar Girl""), Procol Harum (""A Whiter Shade of Pale""), Dionne Warwick (""Walk On By"") and Nancy Sinatra (""These Boots Are Made for Walkin\'"")] until 1978?"'}}

['scopitones' 'scopitone']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] NASA probe to arrive at Pluto carrying ashes of Clyde ...NASA probe to arrive at Pluto carrying ashes of Clyde Tombaugh - Telegraph [PAR] NASA probe to arrive at Pluto carrying ashes of Clyde Tombaugh [PAR] NASA’s New Horizons probe will arrive at the dwarf-planet carrying the astrophysicist’s ashes [PAR] An artist's impression of the New Horizons probe approaching Pluto\xa0Photo: Nasa/Rex Features [PAR] By Sarah Knapton , Science Editor [PAR] 9:30PM GMT 10 Jan 2015 [PAR] Follow [PAR] When Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto in 1930 he could never have imagined that the icy world would one day be his final resting place. [PAR] But this week NASA’s New Horizons probe will arrive at the dwarf-planet carrying the astrophysicist’s ashes. [PAR] The mission is hoping to answer fundamental questions about the 9th rock from the Sun and will send back the first close-up pictures of our elusive neighbour. It could even help explain the origin of life on Earth. [PAR] Tombaugh died on January 17 1997, nine years and two days before New Horizon’s launch, but one of his final requests was for his ashes to be sent into space. [PAR] A small container carrying his remains is affixed to the inside of the upper deck of the probe bearing the inscription: “Interred herein are remains of American Clyde W. Tombaugh, discoverer of Pluto and the solar system's 'third zone'” [PAR] Related Articles [PAR] Nasa films captivating footage of intense solar flare [PAR] 26 Dec 2014 [PAR] Since Tombaugh discovered Pluto it has been of the most contentious bodies in the solar system with astronomers divided as to whether it is a planet, a dwarf-planet, an escaped moon of Neptune or even a comet. [PAR] It is fitting that when New Horizon first set off in January 2006, carrying Tombaugh’s ashes, Pluto was still considered a planet. But just a few months later it was downgraded to a dwarf-planet or ‘plutoid’ and is now known unceremoniously as ‘asteroid number 134340’ [PAR] However scientists say the £460 million mission is ‘incredibly important’. [PAR] New Horizons will be close enough to begin observing Pluto and its giant moon Charon by January 15 and then begin a slow fly-past in the summer, sampling the solar wind, magnetic field, dust and atmospheric conditions. [PAR] Its seven-instrument science payload includes advanced imaging infrared and ultraviolet spectrometers, a compact multicolour camera, a high-resolution telescopic camera, two powerful particle spectrometers and a space-dust detector. [PAR] “New Horizons is incredibly important,” said Dr Sheila Kanani, Planetary Scientist at the Royal Astronomical Society, [PAR] “Because it is so far away we don’t know much about Pluto and Charon. We have a few pictures of Pluto but they are pixilated and fuzzy so we have high hopes from the images that New Horizons will give us. [PAR] “Pluto is made of rock and ice and has five moons, although the classification is still under debate. [PAR] • 100 odd objects sent into space [PAR] “Its temperature is about -230C and Pluto is unusual in that as you go up in the atmosphere it actually gets warmer. [PAR] “But all these observations have taken place from the confines of Earth or images from the Hubble Space Telescope so it will be incredible to have data from the New Horizons mission – who knows what Pluto has to offer.” [PAR] The nuclear powered New Horizons probe set off on January 19, 2006, on the fastest rocket to have ever left Earth. [PAR] Pluto, which is not even two-thirds the diameter of the Moon, is a member of the Kuiper Belt, a giant band of planetary debris left over from the solar system’s formation 4.56 billion years ago. [PAR] Because of its elliptical 248 year orbit the mission has been timed so that probe needed only travel the shortest distance. New Horizons set off when Pluto was just 2.6 billion miles from Earth. At its furthest point it can be 4.6 billion miles away. [PAR] The probe has spent 1,873 days dozing in standby to save energy and was woken by NASA On December 6, NASA for the final leg of its journey . [PAR] “This is a watershed event that signals"}, 'question': {'In January 2006, what space probe was sent to investigate Pluto?'}}

['new horizon']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Another 10 Curious Everyday Inventions - ListverseAnother 10 Curious Everyday Inventions - Listverse [PAR] Another 10 Curious Everyday Inventions [PAR] Listverse Staff [PAR] August 20, 2009 [PAR] Nearly two years ago we wrote a list of everyday inventions . The list was relatively popular for its time and debunked at least one myth about the invention of peanut butter. This list is the second installment and looks at ten more items that we all come into contact with in our daily lives. These are things we tend to take for granted and we certainly wouldn’t know the name of the inventor if asked. [PAR] 10 [PAR] Garden Gnomes [PAR] The first garden gnomes were made in Gräfenroda, a town known for its ceramics in Thuringia, Germany in the mid-1800s. Philip Griebel made terracotta animals as decorations, and produced gnomes based on local myths as a way for people to enjoy the stories of the gnomes’ willingness to help in the garden at night. The garden gnome quickly spread across Germany and into France and England, and wherever gardening was a serious hobby. Griebel’s descendants still make them and are the last of the German producers. Garden gnomes were first introduced to the United Kingdom in 1847 by Sir Charles Isham, when he brought 21 terracotta figures back from a trip to Germany and placed them as ornaments in the gardens of his home, Lamport Hall in Northamptonshire. Only one of the original batch of gnomes survives: Lampy, as he is known, is on display at Lamport Hall, and is insured for one million pounds. He is pictured above. [PAR] 9 [PAR] Friction Matches [PAR] While matches existed in China in the 6th century and Europe from the 16th century, it was not until the 1800s that friction matches as we know them today were invented. The first “friction match” was invented by English chemist John Walker in 1826. Early work had been done by Robert Boyle and his assistant, Godfrey Haukweicz in the 1680s with phosphorus and sulfur, but their efforts had not produced useful results. Walker discovered a mixture of stibnite, potassium chlorate, gum, and starch could be ignited by striking against any rough surface. Walker called the matches congreves, but the process was patented by Samuel Jones and the matches were sold as lucifer matches (as they are still known in the Netherlands). In 1862, Bryant and May, the British match manufacturers began mass producing the red tipped matches we all know today, after the patent by the Lundström brothers from Sweden, [PAR] 8 [PAR] Contact Lenses [PAR] Contact lenses are surprisingly older than most of us realize. In 1888, the German physiologist Adolf Eugen Fick constructed and fitted the first successful contact lens. While working in Zürich, he described fabricating afocal scleral contact shells, which rested on the less sensitive rim of tissue around the cornea, and experimentally fitting them: initially on rabbits, then on himself, and lastly on a small group of volunteers. These lenses were made from heavy blown glass and were 18–21mm in diameter. Fick filled the empty space between cornea/callosity and glass with a dextrose solution. Fick’s lens was large, unwieldy, and could only be worn for a few hours at a time. It was not until 1949 that the first lenses were produced that sat on the cornea only and allowed for many hours of wear. [PAR] 7 [PAR] Washing Machine [PAR] The first patent for a non-electrical washing machine was issued in England in 1692. Nearly two hundred years later, Louis Goldenberg of New Brunswick, New Jersey invented the electric washing machine (late 1800s to early 1900s). He worked for the Ford Motor Company at that time, and all inventions that were created while working for Ford under contract, belonged to Ford. The patent would have been listed under Ford and or Louis Goldenberg. Alva J. Fisher has been incorrectly credited with the invention of the electric washer. The US patent office shows at least one patent issued before Mr. Fisher’s US patent number 966677. [PAR] 6 [PAR] Soda Can [PAR] The early metal beverage can was made out of steel and had no pull-tab. Instead, it was opened by a can piercer, a device resembling a bottle opener, but with a sharp point'}, 'question': {'Louis Goldenberg and Alva J. Fisher have been credited with the invention of what device?'}}

['electric washing machine']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] AND YOU CALL YOURSELF A SCIENTIST! - Dracula (1931)AND YOU CALL YOURSELF A SCIENTIST! - Dracula (1931) [PAR] DRACULA (1931) [PAR] "I am....Dracula. I bid you....welcome." [PAR] \xa0 Director:\xa0 Tod Browning [PAR] \xa0 Starring:\xa0 Bela Lugosi, Edward Van Sloan, Helen Chandler, Dwight Frye, David Manners, Frances Dade, Herbert Bunston [PAR] \xa0 Screenplay:\xa0 Garrett Fort, based upon the novel by Bram Stoker, and the play by Hamilton Deane and John L. Balderston [PAR] Synopsis:\xa0 As a carriage travels rapidly through the Transylvanian mountains, English businessman Renfield (Dwight Frye) asks the driver to slow down. A local traveller immediately intervenes, warning the bewildered Renfield that it is Walpurgis Night. At an inn, where the other travellers disembark, Renfield announces that he is going on to the Borgo Pass, where a carriage from Castle Dracula will meet him. When the horrified villagers are unable to dissuade him, the innkeeper’s wife presses upon Renfield a crucifix. As the sun sets, the inhabitants of Castle Dracula rise from their coffins: Count Dracula (Bela Lugosi) himself, and his three undead wives…. At midnight, Renfield boards the carriage waiting at the Borgo Pass, which heads off at a dangerous speed. Leaning out of the window to remonstrate, Renfield is astonished to see an enormous bat flying just over the horses’ heads. When the carriage arrives at the castle, Renfield hurries forward to speak to the driver – only to discover that there is no driver…. The castle doors swing open, and Renfield enters with great trepidation, finding himself in a crumbling ruin. A tall man in evening clothes moves slowly down the castle staircase, and introduces himself as Count Dracula. A little reassured, Renfield follows his host upstairs – staring in shock, as Dracula seems to pass through a huge spider’s web without touching it. Upstairs, Renfield finds himself in more cheerful surroundings, with a fire, a meal and his luggage waiting for him. Dracula looks over the papers of Carfax Abbey, the old house in England that he has leased. Distracted by his host’s behaviour, Renfield cuts himself. Dracula approaches rapidly, seemingly mesmerised by the blood – then recoils as Renfield’s crucifix falls forward over the wound. Dracula pours wine for Renfield, declining to partake himself, and then withdraws. Before long, Renfield is overcome by dizziness. He staggers to the glass outer doors and throws them open. A bat swoops outside them. Renfield collapses. The three vampiric women glide into the room, but are driven back by a gesture from Dracula, who has materialised by the doors. He leans over the prostrate Renfield…. When a schooner, the Vesta, sails into Whitby Harbour in England, its entire crew is found dead, the captain lashed to the wheel. The only living passenger is a giggling, raving Renfield…. As Dr Seward (Herbert Bunston), his daughter, Mina (Helen Chandler), her fiancé, John Harker (David Manners), and her friend, Lucy Weston (Frances Dade), enjoy a concert in London, a man introduces himself as Count Dracula, their new neighbour. He explains that he has leased Carfax Abbey, which lies adjacent to Dr Seward’s Sanitarium, in which Renfield is now confined. Later that night, Lucy confesses to Mina that she finds Dracula fascinating. The girls retire to their rooms. Lucy opens her windows before going to bed. An enormous bat appears outside them. The next moment, Dracula has materialised. He approaches the helpless Lucy, leaning towards her unprotected throat…. [PAR] Comments:\xa0 Motion picture history was made upon the 12th of February, 1931, when Universal Studios opened its screen version of Dracula in New York City. In stark contrast to the many frankly uncanny films that had emanated from Europe, particularly from Germany, during'}, 'question': {'Who was best known for his role as Dracula, a role he first took on in film in 1931?'}}

['bela lugosi' 'lugosi']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] LondonLondon is the capital and most populous city of England, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom. On the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London\'s ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, which now forms the county of Greater London See also: Independent city § National capitals. governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly, The London Mayor is not to be confused with the Lord Mayor of London who heads the City of London Corporation, which administers the City of London. historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire. [PAR] London is a leading global city, in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism, and transport. It is one of the world\'s leading financial centres and has the fifth-or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.Rankings of cities by metropolitan area GDP can vary as a result of differences in the definition of the boundaries and population sizes of the areas compared, exchange rate fluctuations and the method used to calculate output. London and Paris are of broadly similar size in terms of total economic output which can result in third party sources varying as to which is defined as having the fifth- and sixth-largest city GDP in the world. A report by the McKinsey Global Institute published in 2012 estimated that London had a city GDP of US$751.8 billion in 2010, compared to US$764.2 billion for Paris, making them respectively the sixth- and fifth-largest in the world. A report by PricewaterhouseCoopers published in November 2009 estimated that London had a city GDP measured in purchasing power parity of US$565 billion in 2008, compared to US$564 billion for Paris, making them respectively the fifth- and sixth-largest in the world. The McKinsey Global Institute study used a metropolitan area with a population of 14.9 million for London compared to 11.8 million for Paris, whilst the PricewaterhouseCoopers study used a metropolitan area with a population of 8.59 million for London compared to 9.92 million for Paris. London is a world cultural capital. It is the world\'s most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world\'s largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic. London is one of the world\'s leading investment destinations, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. London\'s universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, and a 2014 report placed it first in the world university rankings. According to the report London also ranks first in the world in software, multimedia development and design, and shares first position in technology readiness. In 2012, London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times. [PAR] London has a diverse range of peoples and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken within Greater London. Its estimated mid-2015 population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, and accounting for 12.5 per cent of the UK population. London\'s urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The city\'s metropolitan area is one of the most populous in Europe with 13,879,757 inhabitants, while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region (covering a large part of the south east) as 22.7 million. [PAR] London was the world\'s most populous city from around 1831 to 1925. [PAR] London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret\'s Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous'}, 'question': {"Which city's bid to hold the 2012 Olympics came second to London's?"}}

['paris']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Torvill & Dean's Dancing On Ice The Tour Sports Event ...Torvill & Dean's Dancing On Ice The Tour Sports Event / Tournament product reviews and price comparison [PAR] Date:- 2nd April 2014 [PAR] venue:- Wembley Arena [PAR] I have been a fan of dancing on ice since the very beginning and have watched every season and this year knowing it was the last tour they would ever do I had to be apart of the fun. I had seen the last season on TV with the champions plus joe from the previous shows and loved it so much. I was in the live audience for one of the shows as well which was exciting. Now that I live in the big city of London I knew that I could attend the final tour no matter what! I rung my best friend who doesn't live in London but she was willing to travel up here as she is a huge fan of Gareth Gates. I booked the tickets, neither of us had ever been to wembley before so it took us a little while to select the seats we wanted. We had no clue as the front ones were taken by some right eager beavers and we booked so early! But we made our selection E2 Row F Seats 29 and 30. Great seats!! [PAR] The stars [PAR] Bonnie's Langford [PAR] Doors opened at 6.30 we were there at 6.00 Show started at 7.30 [PAR] We took our seats and the show was magical. I can't explain how amazing it was the energy the performances from all were superb. All the stars performed their favourite performance, I loved them all, a few stumbles here and there but overall very good. There was a very funny performance from Joe Pasquale where he took the role of a female skater, I won't ruin it for anyone that is going to see it or if this comes out on DVD but it was hilarious I was shocked and laughing all at the same time. Ray wowed me. He's just a beautiful superb human being who is very talented along with Hayley who was equally as good and perfect. There's a part in the show where you the audience vote for your favourite skater and they are champion of that particular arena performance the winner of this particular one was Ray with Beth as second and Kyran as 3rd. A couple of the performances almost reduced me to tears, Hayley's second skate and the bolero skated by Jayne and Christopher. It was also good to see the judges skating as well. Unfortunately Jason was not one of the judges haha! The judges were Karen, Robin and Nicky. [PAR] After the show (about 10pm) we went to meet the stars and they were all lovely every single one of them. I have photos that I will treasure forever. [PAR] A spectacular show that you all must go and see. Tickets are still available so what are you waiting for."}, 'question': {'What are the first names of Torville and Dean, who were the highest ever scoring figure skaters for a single programme at the 1984 Winter Olympics?'}}

['jayne and christopher']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] President Clinton impeached - Dec 19, 1998 - HISTORY.comPresident Clinton impeached - Dec 19, 1998 - HISTORY.com [PAR] President Clinton impeached [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] After nearly 14 hours of debate, the House of Representatives approves two articles of impeachment against President Bill Clinton, charging him with lying under oath to a federal grand jury and obstructing justice. Clinton, the second president in American history to be impeached, vowed to finish his term. [PAR] In November 1995, Clinton began an affair with Monica Lewinsky, a 21-year-old unpaid intern. Over the course of a year and a half, the president and Lewinsky had nearly a dozen sexual encounters in the White House. In April 1996, Lewinsky was transferred to the Pentagon. That summer, she first confided in Pentagon co-worker Linda Tripp about her sexual relationship with the president. In 1997, with the relationship over, Tripp began secretly to record conversations with Lewinsky, in which Lewinsky gave Tripp details about the affair. [PAR] In December, lawyers for Paula Jones, who was suing the president on sexual harassment charges, subpoenaed Lewinsky. In January 1998, allegedly under the recommendation of the president, Lewinsky filed an affidavit in which she denied ever having had a sexual relationship with him. Five days later, Tripp contacted the office of Kenneth Starr, the Whitewater independent counsel, to talk about Lewinsky and the tapes she made of their conversations. Tripp, wired by FBI agents working with Starr, met with Lewinsky again, and on January 16, Lewinsky was taken by FBI agents and U.S. attorneys to a hotel room where she was questioned and offered immunity if she cooperated with the prosecution. A few days later, the story broke, and Clinton publicly denied the allegations, saying, “I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Ms. Lewinsky.” [PAR] In late July, lawyers for Lewinsky and Starr worked out a full-immunity agreement covering both Lewinsky and her parents, all of whom Starr had threatened with prosecution. On August 6, Lewinsky appeared before the grand jury to begin her testimony, and on August 17 President Clinton testified. Contrary to his testimony in the Paula Jones sexual-harassment case, President Clinton acknowledged to prosecutors from the office of the independent counsel that he had had an extramarital affair with Ms. Lewinsky. [PAR] In four hours of closed-door testimony, conducted in the Map Room of the White House, Clinton spoke live via closed-circuit television to a grand jury in a nearby federal courthouse. He was the first sitting president ever to testify before a grand jury investigating his conduct. That evening, President Clinton also gave a four-minute televised address to the nation in which he admitted he had engaged in an inappropriate relationship with Lewinsky. In the brief speech, which was wrought with legalisms, the word “sex” was never spoken, and the word “regret” was used only in reference to his admission that he misled the public and his family. [PAR] Less than a month later, on September 9, Kenneth Starr submitted his report and 18 boxes of supporting documents to the House of Representatives. Released to the public two days later, the Starr Report outlined a case for impeaching Clinton on 11 grounds, including perjury, obstruction of justice, witness-tampering, and abuse of power, and also provided explicit details of the sexual relationship between the president and Ms. Lewinsky. On October 8, the House authorized a wide-ranging impeachment inquiry, and on December 11, the House Judiciary Committee approved three articles of impeachment. On December 19, the House impeached Clinton. [PAR] On January 7, 1999, in a congressional procedure not seen since the 1868 impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson, the trial of President Clinton got underway in the Senate. As instructed in Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution, the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (William Rehnquist at this time) was sworn in to preside, and the senators were sworn in as jurors. [PAR] Five weeks later, on February 12, the Senate voted on whether to remove Clinton from office. The president was acquitted on both articles of impeachment. The prosecution needed a two-'}, 'question': {'Which president of the USA faced impeachment proceedings over his activities with Monica Lewinsky?'}}

['william clinton' 'president clinton' 'bill clinton' 'william jefferson clinton']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] The Nine Muses - Roman and Greek Gods and GoddessesThe Nine Muses *** [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Information about the Nine Muses [PAR] The Muses were depicted as nine young, beautiful maidens who became the representatives of poetry, the arts, the sciences and sources of inspiration. The father of the nine Muses was Zeus, the king of the gods and their mother was Mnemosyne, goddess of memory. The Nine Muses were believed to reside above the golden clouds that covered two sacred Greek mountain peaks of Mount Olympus and Mount Helicon. According to a passage in Plutarch, the Muses were also referred to as Mneiai (Memories), much of the poetry of the time was committed to memory, rather than written. With regard to the origin of the Nine Muses, it is said that they were introduced by Zeus in answer to a request by the Olympian gods, after their victory in the War with the Titans . The victorious Olympians requested that these special divinities should be called into existence, in order to commemorate, in words and song, the glorious deeds of the Olympian gods. They were originally the patron goddesses of poets and musicians. Their roles extended over time to include comedy, tragedy, history, poetry, music, dancing, singing, rhetoric, sacred hymns, and harmony. The word museum derives from the Muses. The god Apollo , in his role as the god of music, poetry, and dance was sometimes said to be their leader. [PAR] Picture of the Nine Muses [PAR] Chart of the Nine Muses in Greek Mythology [PAR] The names of the nine Muses were Clio, Thalia, Erato, Euterpe, Polyhymnia, Calliope, Terpsichore, Urania and Melpomene. Each represented and were patrons of different sections of the arts and sciences. Information including the roles, patronage and symbols of the Nine Muses mentioned in Greek Mythology are detailed in the following chart: [PAR] Chart of the Nine Muses in Greek Mythology [PAR] Names of the 9 Muses [PAR] The Nine Muses in Greek Mythology and Legends [PAR] Clio [PAR] Clio was the Muse who was the patron of history and writing. Clio enjoyed telling stories of the past. In Greek the word \'history\' is derived from kleos, meaning heroic acts. In Ancient Greek drama there were three types of plays: Comedies tragedies and satyres that were based on legends and real people from history. Her symbol was a parchment scroll, or a set of tablets. [PAR] Thalia [PAR] Thalia was the Muse who was the joyful patron of comedy and pastoral poetry. Her symbol was a comic mask but she is also depicted with a bugle and a trumpet or occasionally a shepherd�s staff. Thalia and Apollo were the parents of 6 sons, the Corybantes, who were armed and crested dancers. [PAR] Erato [PAR] Erato was the beautiful, passionate and erotic Muse who was the patron of lyric and love poetry. Her symbol was a Cithara , a type of lyre, but she was also depicted with turtle doves and golden arrows. Occasionally she is accompanied by the god Eros , holding a torch. [PAR] Euterpe [PAR] Euterpe was the Muse who was the patron of music. Her symbol was the the Aulos, a type of double flute. Her name was derived from the Greek words meaning the "giver of much delight." She had a son called Rhesus with the river-god Strymon. [PAR] Calliope [PAR] Calliope was the Muse who was the patron of epic poetry. Her symbol is writing tablet but she is also depicted carrying a scroll or a book or as wearing a golden crown. She was said to be the wisest of all the Muses and said to be the inspiration of Homer. Calliope was the mother of Orpheus and Linus [PAR] Terpsichore [PAR] Terpsichore was the Muse who was the patron of dance and the Greek chorus. Her symbol is a lyre and she is often depicted playing this instrument in a seated position. She is sometimes said to be the mother of the Sirens by Achelous. [PAR] Urania [PAR] Urania was the philosophical Muse who was the patron of astronomy and the constellations. She possessed the gift of prophecy by reading the stars. Her name derives from the Greek word for \'heavenly\'. Her symbols are the globe'}, 'question': {'According to Greek legend, which of the 9 Muses was the muse of Dance?'}}

['terpsichore']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Commonwealth | association of states | Britannica.comCommonwealth | association of states | Britannica.com [PAR] association of states [PAR] Alternative Titles: British Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth of Nations [PAR] Related Topics [PAR] commonwealth (political science) [PAR] Commonwealth, also called Commonwealth of Nations, formerly (1931–49) British Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of sovereign states comprising the United Kingdom and a number of its former dependencies who have chosen to maintain ties of friendship and practical cooperation and who acknowledge the British monarch as symbolic head of their association. In 1965 the Commonwealth Secretariat was established in London to organize and coordinate Commonwealth activities. [PAR] Members of the Commonwealth [PAR] (left in 1961; rejoined 1994) [PAR] India [PAR] (left in 1972; rejoined 1989) [PAR] Sri Lanka [PAR] (Tanganyika in 1961; Tanzania in 1964 upon union with Zanzibar [member 1963]) [PAR] Jamaica [PAR] (joined as special member; full member since 1999) [PAR] Swaziland [PAR] (left in 1987; rejoined 1997; suspended 2009) [PAR] Bangladesh [PAR] (joined as special member; full member since 2000) [PAR] Dominica [PAR] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [PAR] 1979 [PAR] (joined as special member; full member since 1985) [PAR] Vanuatu [PAR] (joined as special member; full member since 1985) [PAR] Saint Kitts and Nevis [PAR] Rwanda [PAR] 2009 [PAR] Historically, the Commonwealth was an evolutionary outgrowth of the British Empire . The traditional British policy of allowing considerable self-government in its colonies led to the existence by the 19th century of several dependent states that were populated to a significant degree by Europeans accustomed to forms of parliamentary rule and that possessed large measures of sovereignty . By 1931 they were recognized as having special status within the empire by the Statute of Westminster , which referred specifically to a “British Commonwealth of Nations.” The rapid growth of nationalism in other parts of the empire from the 1920s produced a long series of grants of independence, beginning with that to India in 1947, and required a redefinition of the Commonwealth. In 1947 India and Pakistan became members of the Commonwealth, the first with chiefly non-European populations. In 1948 Burma ( Myanmar ) became independent and rejected membership. In 1949 India announced its intention to become a republic , which would have required its withdrawal from the Commonwealth under the existing rules, but at a meeting of Commonwealth heads of government in London in April 1949 it was agreed that India could continue its membership if it accepted the British crown as only “the symbol of the free association” of Commonwealth members. That declaration was the first to drop the adjective British, and thereafter the official name of the organization became the Commonwealth of Nations, or simply the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth was also beset by other difficulties, some members opting to withdraw from the organization, as did Ireland (1949), South Africa (1961), and Pakistan (1972), though both South Africa and Pakistan eventually rejoined (the former in 1994 and the latter in 1989). Commonwealth membership grew dramatically in the second half of the 20th century as former dependencies attained sovereignty . Most of the dependent states granted independence chose Commonwealth membership, and the organization has even grown to include Mozambique (joined 1995), which was the first country granted entry that was never part of the British Empire or under the control of any member. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) [PAR] The Commonwealth differs from other international bodies. It has no formal constitution or bylaws. The members have no legal or formal obligation to one another; they are held together by shared traditions, institutions, and experiences as well as by economic self-interest. Commonwealth action is based upon consultation between members, which is conducted through correspondence and through conversations in meetings. Each member country sends an emissary, called a high commissioner, to the capitals of the other members. A Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting is held every two years. At the meeting in Singapore in 1971, members adopted a declaration that restated the Commonwealth’s voluntary and cooperative nature and committed the organization to promoting international peace, fighting racism, opposing colonial domination, and reducing inequities in wealth. This declaration was echoed at the meeting in Harare , Zimbabwe'}, 'question': {'Which country left the British Commonwealth in 1949?'}}

['ireland']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Serbia (Three World Orders) - Alternative History Wiki - WikiaSerbia (Three World Orders) | Alternative History Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Serbia (Three World Orders) [PAR] Location of Serbia (green) - UIWN (light green) on the European continent (grey) [PAR] Basic Information [PAR] Само слога Србина спасава (Only Unity Saves the Serbs) [PAR] Anthem [PAR] CET, CEST, EET, EEST (UTC+1, UTC+2, UTC+2, UTC+3) [PAR] Internet TLD [PAR] Evangelicalism (0.4%), Baptism (0.4%), 0.2% other [PAR] Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian : Република Србија), is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe , covering the southern part of Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans . Serbia borders Moravia to the north; Slovakia to the northeast; Romania to the east; Bulgaria and Rumelian Republic to the southeast; Greece to the south; Albania to the southwest; and Slovenia to the west. Belgrade , Serbia's capital city is among the most populous in Southeast Europe . [PAR] After their capturing of Avaria and Moravia , Serbs formed several kingdoms, which evolved into the Serbian Empire in the 7th century. By the 16th century, Serbian lands were conquered and occupied by the Ottomans , at times interrupted by the Habsburgs . In the early 19th century the Serbian revolution reestablished the country as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory and pioneered the abolition of feudalism in Southeast Europe . The former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina united with Serbia in 1820. Following World War I , Serbia formed Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples which existed in several forms up until 2006, when Serbia retrieved its independence. In February 2008 the parliament of UNMIK -governed Kosovo , Serbia's southern province declared independence, with mixed responses from the international governments . In 2016, Serbia recaptures Kosovo , Montenegro , Republic of Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina . Then, in 2019, it captures large parts of Albania , Hungary and Croatia , whole of Bulgaria and former parts of Romania occupied by Hungary and Bulgaria. [PAR] Serbia is a member of the Union od Independent World Nations and the Free Trade Union . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] The lady of Vinča, Vinča culture , V mill. BC [PAR] The Neolithic Starčevo , Singidunum , Sarv and Vinča cultures existed in or near Belgrade and dominated the Balkans (as well as parts of Central Europe and Asia Minor ) about 10,500 years ago. Some scholars believe that the prehistoric Vinča signs represent the earliest known form of writing systems (dating to 8,000 - 4,000 B.C.). [PAR] Greeks expanded into the south of modern Serbia in the 4th century B.C., the northernmost point of Alexander the Great's empire , being the Serb town of Kale-Krševica . The Celtic tribe of Scordisci settled in the 3rd century B.C. in modern Bačka and Baranja and built many fortifications and cities in Serbia, such as Siduum, now known as Apatin . [PAR] First known flag of Serbia [PAR] First serbian state ( First Serbian Kingdom ) was formed in 2119 BC. It controlled the territory between Velebit , Timok , Southern Great Plain and Vardar . First ruler of Serbia was king Ljubobrat . [PAR] Roman Era [PAR] The Romans signed a pact with Serbia in 2nd century BC, since they couldn't defeat the already weakened Serbian army. The pact said that army of the Roman Empire could pass through Serbia, but they couldn't attack Serbia. [PAR] 23 Roman Emperors were born in present-day Serbia, which is more than any other present-day state. [PAR] The most famous Roman Emperor born in Serbia is Constantine I , which was, according to Serbian literature, a Serb, who empowered Christianity throughout the Roman Empire. The northern Serbian city of Sirmium ( Sremska Mitrovica ) was among the top 4 cities of the late\xa0Serbian Kingdom , serving as its capital during the War Period . The chief towns of Serbia in that time were: Singidunum , Viminacium , Squdium , Rednidus , Vardinia , Sarayu and Remesiana . [PAR] Medieval monarchy [PAR] The history of Serbia in the Medieval Age starts with the emperor Stracimir XI , who captured whole of Bulgaria and Wallachia . His son, Stracimir XII"}, 'question': {'Which country had, at various times, included areas known at various times as Bosnia, Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Serbia, Vojvodina, Kosovo, Istria and Rijeka?'}}

['yugoslavia']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Hornpipe Dance Main Page - West Coast SwingHornpipe Dance Main Page [PAR] Streetswings Dance History Archives: Hornpipe [PAR] the Hornpipe [PAR] \xa0\xa0 \xa0\xa0 \xa0\xa0 \xa0\xa0 The lively Hornpipe is really very characteristic of the English in nature and is a very old Celtic solo dance that is very much based on the sailor\'s abilities during the dancing with the sailors originally performing it with folded arms. The steps are clearly ship wise such as hauling in the anchor, climbing or rigging ropes etc. The Sailor\'s Hornpipe was most popular during the 16th to 18th Centuries but the original (Hornpipe) goes much farther back and was originally done by men only. [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 It is said that the English sailing ship and Royal Navy Captain James Cook (1728-1779) thought dancing was most useful to keep his men in good health during a voyage. When it was calm, and the sailors had consequently nothing to do, he made them dance -- [PAR] usually the hornpipe -- to the sound of a fiddle; and to this he attributed much freedom from illness on his ship. [PAR] \xa0\xa0 \xa0\xa0 Today, mainly due to competitions, there are basically two kinds of hornpipes - \'fast or traditional\' and the \'slow or advanced\'. It is somewhat difficult to master this dance as a beginner and usually is taught dances like the light and Slip Jig and some reels before progressing on to the Hornpipe. [PAR] ... There is much written on the net about the origins having to do with the ancient Wind Instrument called the\' Hornpipe\' which I will leave to the other music sites to detail. [PAR] \xa0[DOC] [TLE] Hornpipe | Define Hornpipe at Dictionary.comHornpipe | Define Hornpipe at Dictionary.com [PAR] hornpipe [PAR] noun [PAR] 1. [PAR] an English folk clarinet having one ox horn concealing the reed and another forming the bell. [PAR] 2. [PAR] a lively jiglike dance, originally to music played on a hornpipe, performed usually by one person, and traditionally a favorite of sailors. [PAR] 3. [PAR] a piece of music for or in the style of such a dance. [PAR] Origin of hornpipe [PAR] 1350-1400; Middle English. See horn , pipe 1 [PAR] Dictionary.com Unabridged [PAR] Examples from the Web for hornpipe [PAR] Expand [PAR] Historical Examples [PAR] You might as well try to sing a long-metre hymn to "Fisher\'s hornpipe," as to undertake to dance to that polka. [PAR] Salt Water W. H. G. Kingston [PAR] The little fellow clung on; but the crazy horse, instead of running, began a hornpipe right between the deadly rails. [PAR] You\'ve just been after the fiddle, and they\'re going to dance the Fisher\'s hornpipe next. [PAR] Madelon Mary E. Wilkins Freeman [PAR] Dick, highly delighted, started in to do a sailor\'s hornpipe. [PAR] British Dictionary definitions for hornpipe [PAR] Expand [PAR] an obsolete reed instrument with a mouthpiece made of horn [PAR] 2. [PAR] an old British solo dance to a hornpipe accompaniment, traditionally performed by sailors [PAR] 3. [PAR] a piece of music for such a dance [PAR] Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition [PAR] © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins [PAR] Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 [PAR] Word Origin and History for hornpipe [PAR] Expand [PAR] n. [PAR] c.1400, hornepype, "musical instrument with bell and mouthpiece made of horn," from horn (n.) + pipe (n.1). Later (late 15c.) "dance associated with sailors" (originally performed to music from such an instrument). [PAR] Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper[DOC] [TLE] Hornpipes - Colin HumeHornpipes [PAR] Hornpipes [PAR] What does the word “hornpipe” mean to you?\xa0 Find out more than you wanted to know here! [PAR] The original Hornpipe was a musical instrument — in this context it is a cylindrical bore wooden instrument with finger holes like a recorder or tin whistle, an animal horn bell (widening cone at the bottom) and animal horn mouthpiece to accommodate a single beating reed, as used in a bagpipe chanter.\xa0 It\'s been around since medieval times, and considered obsolete (in polite society anyway) by 1600 or so. [PAR] The most common instrument in'}, 'question': {'What people traditionally dance a hornpipe?'}}

['sailors']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] William Kidd Biography (Pirate) - Fact MonsterWilliam Kidd Biography (Pirate) [PAR] Died: 1701 (execution by hanging) [PAR] Birthplace: Dundee, Scotland [PAR] Best known as: The Scot "pirate" hanged in 1701 in London [PAR] William Kidd was a Scottish sailor who was executed in London 1701 for piracy. Little is known about him until about 1689, when he was a crew member aboard an English privateering ship in the Caribbean. (Privateers were government-sanctioned sailors commissioned to attack enemy vessels and plunder them.) Kidd somehow commandeered a French vessel and was appointed Captain by the governor of Nevis, an English colony. After more successes, Captain Kidd ended up in New York in 1690. He married a wealthy widow and stayed there until 1695, when he returned to London. Backed by powerful men in the government and with the king\'s consent, Kidd was commissioned to battle pirates and plunder enemies in the Indian Ocean. He embarked on the Adventure Galley in 1696, and it was a miserable trip. They found no prizes and the crew threatened mutiny -- finally, Kidd killed a gunner, William Moore, for his mutinous talk (Kidd hit him in the head with a bucket). Eventually they found a prize in an Armenian ship, the Quedagh Merchant, and Kidd took the ship and all its riches as part of his mission. Meanwhile, the East India Company complained to the government that Kidd\'s attack on the Quedagh Merchant was piracy. Kidd found out about his arrest warrant in 1699 and returned to New York. He turned himself in and was hauled back to London to stand trial. The story goes that Kidd felt confident that his powerful backers would support him, but he was found guilty of piracy and the willful murder of William Moore. He was hanged 18 May 1701, and his corpse was put on display over the Thames for nearly two years. Although he went down in history as a famous pirate, these days many scholars think William Kidd got a raw deal and was a victim of political skullduggery. Since his death, the fate of the booty he seized from the Quedagh Merchant has been a mystery, to the delight of treasure hunters. [PAR] Extra credit: [PAR] Older sources put William Kidd’s birth date as 1645, but more recent scholars have settled on 1654… They had to hang Captain Kidd twice — the rope broke the first time. [PAR] Copyright © 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Advertisement[DOC] [TLE] William Kidd biography | birthday, trivia | Scottish ...William Kidd biography | birthday, trivia | Scottish Pirate | Who2 [PAR] William Kidd Biography [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] William Kidd was a Scottish sailor who was executed in London 1701 for piracy. [PAR] Little is known about him until about 1689, when he was a crew member aboard an English privateering ship in the Caribbean. (Privateers were government-sanctioned sailors commissioned to attack enemy vessels and plunder them.) Kidd somehow commandeered a French vessel and was appointed Captain by the governor of Nevis, an English colony. [PAR] After more successes, Captain Kidd ended up in New York in 1690. He married a wealthy widow and stayed there until 1695, when he returned to London. Backed by powerful men in the government and with the king’s consent, Kidd was commissioned to battle pirates and plunder enemies in the Indian Ocean. [PAR] He embarked on the Adventure Galley in 1696, and it was a miserable trip. They found no prizes and the crew threatened mutiny — finally, Kidd killed a gunner, William Moore, for his mutinous talk (Kidd hit him in the head with a bucket). Eventually they found a prize in an Armenian ship, the Quedagh Merchant,\xa0and\xa0Kidd took the ship and all its riches as part of his mission. Meanwhile, the East India Company complained to the government that Kidd’s attack on the Quedagh Merchant was piracy. [PAR] Kidd found out about his arrest warrant in 1699 and returned to New York. He turned himself in and was hauled back to London to stand trial. The story goes that Kidd felt confident that'}, 'question': {'What was the occupation of William Kidd, who was hanged for it in 1701?'}}

['pirates' 'piracy' 'pirate']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Lamar Hunt US Open Cup is badly in need of some romance ...Lamar Hunt US Open Cup is badly in need of some romance but MLS clubs are playing hard to get - Telegraph [PAR] USA [PAR] Lamar Hunt US Open Cup is badly in need of some romance but MLS clubs are playing hard to get [PAR] The US domestic cup dates back to 1914 and offers a place in the CONCACAF Champions League but is still struggling to capture the public's imagination [PAR] Magic of the cup? The Lamar Hunt US Open Cup has plenty of history but its future is unclear\xa0Photo: BASKETBALLFORUM.COM [PAR] Follow [PAR] On Wednesday, the first-round draw will be made for the Lamar Hunt US Open Cup, a competition that dates back to 1913-14, carries prize money of $250,000 and offers qualification to the CONCACAF Champions League. [PAR] Teams such as four-times winners New York Greek American Atlas, twice winners Brooklyn Italians, Miami United, Des Moines Menace and Lansing United will begin plotting their quests to earn a shot at a Major League Soccer side and try to enter US Soccer folklore. [PAR] And yet the draw will be carried out with little fanfare. Sorry, scratch that, no fanfare at all. [PAR] Despite the history of the competition and the prize it offers - one of only four qualifying berths for American teams for the CONCACAF Champions League (which itself offers qualification for the Fifa Club World Cup) - the US Open Cup has struggled to enter the hearts and minds of soccer culture in the United States. [PAR] The main reason for this is that the competition, originally called the Dewar Cup, was largely ignored by professional teams until the emergence of the MLS. Yet even though the MLS is in its 20th season, its franchises have not taken to the Cup, and accordingly nor have advertisers and television networks. [PAR] While it is true that the likes of the FA Cup have already had their glory days, the US Open Cup has yet to have any its own. [PAR] Searching for answers as to why this competition seems so maligned, Josh Hakala , the creator and senior editor of TheCup.us , the only media outlet that gives full coverage to the Lamar Hunt US Open Cup, kindly offered me his expert insight. [PAR] Q Why does it seem that the Seattle Sounders are the only MLS team who care about the Open Cup? [PAR] A Let's not confuse success with 'caring.' Plenty of MLS teams care about this tournament, some obviously more than others, but that's true with domestic cup competitions everywhere in the world. I hear this a lot from fans that MLS 'doesn't care' about the US Open Cup, but what I'm finding is that most people have pretty unrealistic expectations for MLS teams. Just because a team, that just played a weekend game, and has another game the following weekend, doesn't field their best eleven players for a midweek game against a lower division opponent doesn't mean they don't care about the tournament. Over the last decade, and this is due, in large part because the US Soccer Federation decided to award a CONCACAF Champions League spot to the Open Cup winner, a lot of MLS teams have shown that they value the tournament both on and off the field. The promotion that's given to the tournament by the MLS teams, and by the league's official website, has greatly increased over the last decade. And the quality of the teams that teams have put on the field have been much improved, but again, you have to evaluate that on a case-by-case basis. The expanded rosters have also helped with that too. Expecting every team to value the Open Cup 100 percent is unrealistic, but not enough credit is given to how the teams treat the tournament and how its improved over the years. [PAR] Q How big a factor is MLS fear of losing to NASL and USL teams, especially considering the politics between the leagues? [PAR] A No MLS team like to lose to anyone, especially a lower division opponent. I don't think there's any question it makes the league look bad when a team gets upset, but"}, 'question': {'What sport is played in the Lamar Hunt US Open Cup Final, that has been held since 1914?'}}

['stoppage time' 'soccer' 'soccer team']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] SCRC | Experience Renewal | Saint of the DaySCRC | Experience Renewal | Saint of the Day [PAR] Saint of the Day [PAR] "For this service that you perform not only meets the needs of God\'s people, but also produces an outpouring of gratitude to God." [PAR] -2 Cor. 9:12 [PAR] St. Therese of Lisieux - October 1 [PAR] French. [PAR] 1873-1897 [PAR] Born to a pious middle-class French family of tradesmen; daughter of Blessed Louis Martin and Blessed Marie-Azelie Guerin Martin, and all four of her sisters became nuns. Her mother died when Francoise-Marie was only four, and the family moved to Lisieux, Normandy, France to be closer to family. Cured from an illness at age eight when a statue of the Blessed Virgin smiled at her. Educated by the Benedictine nuns of Notre-Dame-du-Pre. Confirmed there at age eleven. Just before her 14th birthday she received a vision of the Child Jesus; she immediately understood the great sacrifice that had been made for her, and developed an unshakeable faith. Tried to join the Carmelites, but was turned down due to her age. Pilgrim to Rome, Italy at for the Jubilee of Pope Leo XIII whom she met and who knew of her desire to become a nun. Joined the Carmelites at Lisieux on 9 April 1888 at age 15, taking her final vow on 8 September 1890 at age 17. Known by all for her complete devotion to spiritual development and to the austerities of the Carmelite rule. Due to health problems resulting from her ongoing fight with tuberculosis, her superiors ordered her not to fast. Novice mistress at age 20. At age 22 she was ordered by her prioress to begin writing her memories and ideas, which material would turn into the book History of a Soul. Therese defined her path to God and holiness as The Little Way, which consisted of child-like love and trust in God. She had an on-going correspondence with Carmelite missionaries in China, often stating how much she wanted to come work with them. Many miracles attributed to her. Declared a Doctor of the Church in 1997 by Pope John Paul II. [PAR] Prayer... [PAR] O Little Flower of Jesus, ever consoling troubled souls with heavenly graces, in your unfailing intercession I place my trust. From the Heart of Our Blessed Savior petition these blessing of which I stand in greatest need (mention here). Shower upon me your promised roses of virtue and grace, dear Saint Therese, so that swiftly advancing in sanctity and in perfect love of neighbor, I may someday receive the crown of eternal life. Amen. [PAR] "For me, prayer is a surge of the heart; it is a simple look turned toward heaven, it is a cry of recognition and of love, embracing both trial and joy." - Saint Therese of Lisieux [PAR] Feast of the Guardian Angels - October 2 [PAR] The term guardian angels refers to the belief that each person has an angel who is available to shepherd their soul through life, and help bring them to God. [PAR] Belief in the reality of angels, their mission as messengers of God, and man\'s interaction with them, goes back to the earliest times. Cherubim kept Adam and Eve from slipping back into Eden; angels saved Lot and helped destroy the cities of the plains; in Exodous Moses follows an angel, and at one point an angel is appointed leader of Israel. Michael is mentioned at several points, Raphael figures large in the story of Tobit, and Gabriel delivered the Annunciation of the coming of Christ. [PAR] The concept of each soul having a personal guardian angel, is also an ancient one, and long accepted by the Church [PAR] See that you despise not one of these little ones [children]: for I say to you, that their angels in heaven always see the face of my Father who is in heaven. - Jesus, Matthew 18:10 [PAR] How great the dignity of the soul, since each one has from his birth an angel commissioned to guard it. - Saint Jerome in his commentary on Matthew [PAR] Are they not all ministering spirits, sent to minister for them'}, 'question': {'Karol Jzef Wojtya reached the high point of his career on 16 October 1978 as what?'}}

['supreme pontiff' 'papal' 'pope' 'bishop of rome' 'papacy']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] What does none mean? - Definitions.netWhat does none mean? [PAR] Origin: From non, from nan, from ne + an [PAR] Webster Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] None(adj) [PAR] no one; not one; not anything; -- frequently used also partitively, or as a plural, not any [PAR] None(adj) [PAR] no; not any; -- used adjectively before a vowel, in old style; as, thou shalt have none assurance of thy life [PAR] None(noun) [PAR] same as Nones, 2 [PAR] Origin: [OE. none, non, nan, no, na, AS. nn, fr. ne not + n one. 193. See No, a. & adv., One, and cf. Non-, Null, a.] [PAR] Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] None [PAR] None, or the Ninth Hour, is a fixed time of prayer of the Divine Office of almost all the traditional Christian liturgies. It consists mainly of psalms and is said around 3 p.m. Its name comes from Latin and refers to the ninth hour of the day after dawn. This hour is now described more generally as the "midafternoon prayer" and may be said whenever convenient during the day, or omitted entirely. However, bishops and priests are still expected to recite the full sequence of hours, as closely as possible to the traditional time of day. [PAR] Chambers 20th Century Dictionary(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: [PAR] None [PAR] nun, adj. and pron. not one: not any: not the smallest part.—adv. in no respect: to no extent or degree.—n. None′-so-prett′y, or London Pride, Saxifraga umbrosa, a common English garden-plant.—adj. None′-spar′ing (Shak.), all-destroying. [M. E. noon, non—A.S. nán—ne, not, án, one.] [PAR] British National Corpus [PAR] Rank popularity for the word \'none\' in Spoken Corpus Frequency: #1261 [PAR] Written Corpus Frequency [PAR] The numerical value of none in Chaldean Numerology is: 4 [PAR] Pythagorean Numerology[DOC] [TLE] About: None (liturgy) - DBpediaAbout: None (liturgy) [PAR] About: None (liturgy) [PAR] An Entity of Type : Event100029378 , from Named Graph : http://dbpedia.org , within Data Space : dbpedia.org [PAR] None (/ˈnoʊn/ NOHN), or the Ninth Hour, is a fixed time of prayer of the Divine Office of almost all the traditional Christian liturgies. It consists mainly of psalms and is said around 3 p.m. Its name comes from Latin and refers to the ninth hour of the day after dawn.This hour is now described more generally as the "midafternoon prayer" and may be said whenever convenient during the day, or omitted entirely. However, bishops and priests are still expected to recite the full sequence of hours, as closely as possible to the traditional time of day. [PAR] Property [PAR] abstract [PAR] Non (von lat. nona hora = neunte Stunde) ist eine der drei kleinen Horen (Terz, Sext, Non) im Stundengebet der katholischen Kirche. Sie wird zur neunten Stunde der antiken Tageseinteilung gebetet (ca. 15 Uhr). In diesem Stundengebet gedenkt die Kirche besonders der Sterbestunde Christi am Kreuz bzw. aller Sterbenden. [PAR] (de) [PAR] None est une prière de l\'office divin. Cet office tient son nom de la neuvième heure du jour, moment auquel il est récité par les moines. Il est donc habituellement chanté ou dit vers 15 heures. Il commémore l\'instant où le Christ est mort sur la Croix. Dans le rite romain, il est composé d\'une hymne, de 3 psaumes (ou morceaux de psaumes), d\'une petite lecture, un verset et d\'une oraison. Dans la trève de Dieu instaurée par l\'évêque de Vic Oliva de Besalù en 1027, celle-ci démarre à l\'heure de none le samedi pour se terminer à l\'heure de prime le lundi. [PAR] (fr) [PAR] La Nona, Hora Nona o Novena Hora después de la salida del sol, es una oración del Oficio Divino en la liturgia de las horas canónicas. Este oficio debe su nombre a la hora novena del día, momento en el que los monjes rezaban. Por'}, 'question': {'What is a fixed time of prayer of the Divine Office of almost all the traditional Christian liturgies, consisting mainly of psalms, said around 3 p.m.?'}}

['none']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Ian ThorpeIan James Thorpe, (born 13 October 1982) is an Australian swimmer who specialises in freestyle, but also competes in backstroke and the individual medley. He has won five Olympic gold medals, the most won by any Australian, and with three gold and two silver medals, was the most successful athlete at the 2000 Summer Olympics. At the 2001 World Aquatics Championships, he became the first person to win six gold medals in one World Championship. In total, Thorpe has won eleven World Championship golds, the third-highest number of any swimmer. Thorpe was the first person to have been named Swimming World Swimmer of the Year four times, and was the Australian Swimmer of the Year from 1999 to 2003. His athletic achievements made him one of Australia\'s most popular athletes, and he was recognised as the Young Australian of the Year in 2000. [PAR] At the age of 14, he became the youngest male ever to represent Australia, and his victory in the 400\xa0metre freestyle at the 1998 Perth World Championships made him the youngest ever individual male World Champion. After that victory, Thorpe dominated the 400\xa0m freestyle, winning the event at every Olympic, World, Commonwealth and Pan Pacific Swimming Championships until his break after the 2004 Olympics. Aside from 13 individual long-course world records, Thorpe anchored the Australian relay teams, numbering the victories in the 4\xa0×\xa0100\xa0m and the 4\xa0×\xa0200\xa0m freestyle relays in Sydney, among his five relay world records. His wins in the 200\xa0m and 400\xa0m and his bronze in the 100\xa0m freestyle in Athens have made him the only male to have won medals in the 100–200–400 combination. During this, he picked up the nickname "Thorpedo" because of his speed in swimming. [PAR] After the Athens Olympics, Thorpe took a year away from swimming, scheduling a return for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. However, he was forced to withdraw due to illness. Subsequent training camps were interrupted, and he announced his retirement in November 2006, citing waning motivation. From early 2011, there was speculation about Thorpe\'s return to swimming, fuelled by people claiming to have seen him training. The speculations were substantiated when Thorpe spoke at a February 2011 press conference of his return to swimming after four years away, with the aim of competing in the 2012 London Olympic Games. Thorpe competed at Australia\'s Olympic Trials in 2012, but failed to make the team. It was subsequently announced that he was targeting qualification for the 2013 World Championships in Barcelona and later the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow but was forced to abandon his plans due to a shoulder injury. In 2014, he was presented with a Doctor of Letters from Macquarie University in recognition of his extraordinary contribution for the sport, philanthropy and Indigenous rights. [PAR] Early years [PAR] Born in Sydney, Thorpe grew up in the suburb of Milperra and hailed from a sporting family. His father Ken was a promising cricketer at junior level, representing Bankstown District Cricket Club in Sydney\'s district competition. Swanton, p. 17. A talented batsman, he once topped the season\'s batting averages ahead of former Australian captain Bob Simpson. However, paternal pressure detracted from Ken\'s enjoyment of cricket, and he retired at the age of 26. Thorpe\'s mother Margaret played A-grade netball, but he did not inherit his parents\' ball skills. His elder sister Christina was advised to take up swimming to strengthen a broken wrist, so by chance, the five-year-old Thorpe followed her into the pool. Due to his unhappy experiences, Ken Thorpe regarded enjoyment as the most critical aspect of his children\'s participation in sport. A large baby, Thorpe weighed and measured 59 cm in length at birth. [PAR] As a young child, Thorpe was sidelined by an allergy to chlorine. As a result, he did not swim in his first race until a school carnival at the age of seven. The allergy forced Thorpe to swim with his head out of the water;'}, 'question': {'Olympic gold medallists Ian Thorpe, Stephanie Rice, Lisbeth Trickett, Mike Wenden and John Henricks represented which country?'}}

['australia' 'australian' 'new australian']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] The Muses - Greek MythologyThe Muses [PAR] The Muses [PAR] See More The Muses Pictures > [PAR] The Muses were the Greek goddesses of inspiration in literature, science and the arts. They were the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne (the personification of memory), and they were also considered water nymphs. Some scholars believed that the Muses were primordial goddesses, daughters of the Titans Uranus and Gaea . Personifications of knowledge and art, some of the arts of the Muses included Music, Science, Geography, Mathematics, Art, and Drama. They were usually invoked at the beginning of various lyrical poems, such as in the Homeric epics; this happened so that the Muses give inspiration or speak through the poet's words. [PAR] There were nine Muses according to Hesiod, protecting a different art and being symbolised with a different item; Calliope (epic poetry - writing tablet), Clio (history - scroll), Euterpe (lyric poetry - aulos, a Greek flute), Thalia (comedy and pastoral poetry - comic mask), Melpomene (tragedy - tragic mask), Terpsichore (dance - lyre), Erato (love poetry - cithara, a Greek type of lyre), Polyhymnia (sacred poetry - veil), and Urania (astronomy - globe and compass). On the other hand, Varro mentions that only three Muses exist: Melete (practice), Mneme (memory) and Aoide (song). [PAR] According to a myth, King Pierus of Macedon named his nine daughters after the Muses, thinking that they were better skilled than the goddesses themselves. As a result, his daughters, the Pierides, were transformed into magpies. [PAR] The Muses Is also called Muse.[DOC] [TLE] Calliope (Greek mythology) | Article about Calliope (Greek ...Calliope (Greek mythology) | Article about Calliope (Greek mythology) by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Calliope (Greek mythology) | Article about Calliope (Greek mythology) by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Calliope+(Greek+mythology) [PAR] Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . [PAR] Calliope [PAR] (kəlī`əpē): see Muses Muses, [PAR] in Greek religion and mythology, patron goddesses of the arts, daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne. Originally only three, they were later considered as nine. Calliope was the Muse of epic poetry and eloquence; Euterpe, of music or of lyric poetry; Erato, of the poetry of [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. ; Orpheus Orpheus [PAR] , in Greek mythology, celebrated Thracian musician. He was the son of Calliope by Apollo or, according to another legend, by Oeagrus, a king of Thrace. Supposedly, the music of his lyre was so beautiful that when he played, wild beasts were soothed, trees danced, and [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. . [PAR] calliope, [PAR] in music, an instrument also called steam organ or steam piano in which steam is forced through a series of whistles controlled by a keyboard. It is usually played mechanically, and its shrill music is a familiar accompaniment of circus parades. It is named for the Muse of Eloquence. [PAR] Calliope [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] in Greek mythology, one of the nine Muses, the patroness of epic poetry. She was the daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne. According to several ancient Greek legends, she was the mother of the mythological poet and singer Orpheus. Calliope is usually portrayed holding waxed tablets and a style (small stick for writing). [PAR] Calliope[DOC] [TLE] The Nine Muses - Washington State UniversityMuses [PAR] THE [PAR] MUSES [PAR] Zeus, disguised as a shepherd, slept with Mnemosyne, the Titan goddess of memory, on nine consecutive nights. Nine months later were born the nine Muses at the foot of Mount Olympus. They are companions of the Graces, sitting near the throne of Zeus and singing of his greatness, of the world, and of the deeds of the heroes. Primarily, they promote the arts and sciences; they inspire artists, poets, philosophers, and musicians. [PAR] The Muses also sang at the wedding of Cadmus and Harmonia, the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, and at the funeral of Achilles. The few stories of those who"}, 'question': {'According to Greek legend, which of the 9 Muses was the muse of epic poetry?'}}

['calliope']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Arnold RothsteinArnold Rothstein (January 17, 1882 – November 6, 1928),Pietrusza, David. [http://www.davidpietrusza.com/Rothstein-Chronology.html "Arnold Rothstein Chronology"], accessed March 16, 2011. nicknamed "the Brain", was an American racketeer, businessman and gambler who became a kingpin of the Jewish mob in New York. Rothstein was widely reputed to have organized corruption in professional athletics, including conspiring to fix the 1919 World Series. [PAR] According to crime writer Leo Katcher, Rothstein "transformed organized crime from a thuggish activity by hoodlums into a big business, run like a corporation, with himself at the top". According to Rich Cohen, Rothstein was the person who first realized that Prohibition was a business opportunity, a means to enormous wealth, who "understood the truths of early century capitalism (giving people what they want) and came to dominate them". His notoriety inspired several fictional characters based on his life, portrayed in contemporary and later short stories, novels, musicals and films. [PAR] Rothstein refused to pay a large debt resulting from a fixed poker game and was murdered in 1928. His illegal empire was broken up and distributed among a number of other underworld organizations and led in part to the downfall of Tammany Hall and the rise of reformer Fiorello La Guardia. Ten years after his death, his brother declared Rothstein\'s estate was bankrupt. [PAR] Early life and education [PAR] Arnold Rothstein was born into a comfortable life in Manhattan, the son of a well-off Jewish businessman, Abraham Rothstein, and his wife Esther. His father was a man of upright character who acquired the nickname "Abe the Just". Arnold was highly skilled at mathematics but was otherwise uninterested in school. His older brother, on the other hand, studied to become a rabbi. [PAR] Rothstein was known to be a difficult child and harboured a deep jealousy over his older brother Harry. Rothstein\'s father believed that his son always craved to be the centre of attention would often get frustrated when he was not. His father pointed to an event in 1890 (when Rothstein was eight) to prove this. Rothstein\'s mother had gone to visit her mother across state, she took her eldest son Harry and her newborn daughter with her, leaving Rothstein. The night she left, Rothstein\'s father found him crying in the bottom of a closet, Rothstein reportedly said, "She hates me and you hate me, but you all love Harry. Nobody loves me." [PAR] While still a child, Rothstein began to indulge in gambling, but no matter how often his father scolded him for shooting dice, Rothstein would not stop. In 1921, Rothstein was asked how he became a gambler, "I always gambled. I can\'t remember when I didn\'t. Maybe I gambled just to show my father he couldn\'t tell me what to do, but I don\'t think so. I think I gambled because I loved the excitement. When I gambled, nothing else mattered." [PAR] Illegitimate career [PAR] By 1910, Rothstein at age 28 had moved to the Tenderloin section of Manhattan, where he established an important gambling casino. He also invested in a horse racing track at Havre de Grace, Maryland, where he was reputed to have fixed many of the races that he won. Rothstein had a wide network of informants, very deep pockets from amongst his father\'s banking community, and the willingness to pay a premium for good information, regardless of the source. His successes made him a millionaire by age 30. [PAR] 1919 World Series [PAR] There is a great deal of evidence for and against Rothstein being involved in the 1919 World Series fix. In 1919, Rothstein\'s agents allegedly paid members of the Chicago White Sox to "throw", or deliberately lose, the World Series to the Cincinnati Reds. He bet against them and made a significant profit in what was called the "Black Sox Scandal". [PAR] He was summoned to Chicago to testify before a grand jury investigation of the incident; Rothstein said that he was an innocent businessman, intent on clearing his name and his reputation. Prosecutors could find no evidence'}, 'question': {"New York businessman and gambler Arnold Rothstein was believed to have been behind baseball's Black Sox Scandal, in which the 1919 World Series was fixed, giving the series to which team?"}}

['cincinnati reds']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] plethora - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.complethora - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com [PAR] Random Word [PAR] plethora [PAR] Plethora means an abundance or excess of something. If you have 15 different people who want to take you on a date, you have a plethora of romantic possibilities. [PAR] Plethora comes from the Greek for "fullness." Although it was originally used only in old-fashioned medicine to describe the condition of having too much blood, we use it to talk about any excessive supply. If you run a theater and all the seats are taken, that\'s a full house. But if the seats are full and people are standing in the aisles, you have a plethora of patrons. The stress is on the first syllable: PLETH-uh-ruh.[DOC] [TLE] Plethora Synonyms, Plethora Antonyms | Merriam-Webster ...Plethora Synonyms, Plethora Antonyms | Merriam-Webster Thesaurus [PAR] 2 the state or an instance of going beyond what is usual, proper, or needed <the author offers a plethora of detail that tends to overwhelm the reader> Synonyms bellyful , fat , overabundance , overage , overflow , overkill , overmuch , overplus , oversupply , excess , plus , redundancy , superabundance , superfluity , surfeit , surplus , surplusage Related Words abundance , bounty , plentitude , plenty , profusion , sufficiency ; overproduction , overstock Near Antonyms dearth , lack , scarcity , want Antonyms deficiency , deficit , insufficiency , undersupply [PAR] Learn More about plethora[DOC] [TLE] plethora - Wiktionaryplethora - Wiktionary [PAR] plethora [PAR] ( Received Pronunciation ) enPR : plĕʹthərə, plĭthôʹrə, IPA ( key ): /ˈplɛθəɹə/, /plɪˈθɔːɹə/ [PAR] Audio (US) [PAR] (usually followed by of ) An excessive amount or number ; an abundance . [PAR] The menu offers a plethora of cuisines from around the world. [PAR] Jeffrey [PAR] 1927, H.P. Lovecraft , Supernatural Horror in Literature (The Aftermath of Gothic Fiction) [PAR] Meanwhile other hands had not been idle, so that above the dreary plethora of trash like Marquis von Grosse\'s Horrid Mysteries..., there arose many memorable weird works both in English and German.'}, 'question': {'"What is a synonym for ""plethora""?"'}}

['plentitude' 'abundance']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] The Countries that Border the Most Countries - Gunnar GarforsGlobetrotting Galore by Gunnar Garfors: The Countries that Border the Most Countries [PAR] The Countries that Border the Most Countries [PAR] China borders 14 other countries. The same as Russia. That make them great travel hubs. \xa0 [PAR] 38 island nations border zero countries. Canada borders only one while the US borders twice as many. But which country borders the most others and can therefore be said to be the most international hub nation in the world?\xa0 [PAR] Not something you have even thought about? Geography nerds, unite. [PAR] Two countries actually share the honor. Both Russia and China border 14 countries each. Including each other. Russia is the biggest country in the world, but China actually has longer land borders. Sharing borders with so many countries will create challenges with regards to border controls, but certainly also opportunities when it comes to trade and tourism. And from a traveller's viewpoint, both Russia and China are great hubs for travel to all of its neighbours and beyond. [PAR] Russia is also the only country that separates Norway from North Korea. How about that for some quality trivia? [PAR] Istanbul, the city with flights to most countries \xa0is in Turkey. The country takes a shared 7th place in this highly prestigious competition as it shares borders with 8 countries. [PAR] 1. China: 14 countries, 22,117 border kilometers [PAR] 1. Russia: 14 countries, 20,017 border kilometers [PAR] 3. France: 11 countries, 4,082 border kilometers [PAR] 4. Brazil: 10 countries, 14,691 border kilometers [PAR] 5. Democratic Republic of the Congo: 9 countries, 10,730 border kilometers [PAR] 5. Germany: 9 countries, 3,621 border kilometers [PAR] 7. Zambia: 8 countries, 5,667 border kilometers [PAR] 7. Tanzania: 8 countries, 3,861 border kilometers [PAR] 7. Turkey: 8 countries, 2,648 border kilometers [PAR] 7. Austria: 8 countries, 2,562 border kilometers [PAR] 7. Serbia: 8 countries, 2,027 border kilometers [PAR] 10 countries border 7 countries. [PAR] And the 11 shortest land borders in the world? Find out here .\xa0[DOC] [TLE] Borders of BrazilBrazil is the largest country in South America and borders every country in South America with the exceptions of Chile and Ecuador. The borders of Brazil are the international borders that Brazil shares with neighbouring countries. Brazil has borders with ten different countries, totalling 16885 km, making it the country with the third longest land border behind only China and Russia. [PAR] The lengths of the borders Brazil shares with different countries, running counter-clockwise around Brazil from French Guiana to Uruguay, are listed below: [PAR] Border disputes [PAR] With Bolivia [PAR] *Isla Suárez (Bolivian name), or Ilha de Guajará-mirim (Brazilian name), a river island on the Mamoré River is claimed by both Bolivia and Brazil. [PAR] With Uruguay [PAR] * A triangular region, named Rincão de Artigas in Portuguese, is claimed by both Uruguay and Brazil. The dispute is due to a disagreement as to which stream should be called Arroyo de la Invernada and form the official border between the two countries. [PAR] *Brazilian Island, a river island at the junction of the Quaraí River and the Uruguay River on the border between Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay is claimed by both Uruguay and Brazil.[DOC] [TLE] BrazilBrazil (; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the world's fifth-largest country by both area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language–and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7491 km. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection. [PAR] Brazil"}, 'question': {'How many countries border Brazil?'}}

['10']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] BATLLE SHIP ARA GENERAL BELGRANO - Wooden Model BoatBATLLE SHIP ARA GENERAL BELGRANO [PAR] 100L x 12W x 32H (cm) [PAR] 39.37L\xa0x 4.72W x 12.59H (inch) [PAR] 0.1 m� = 3.53146 ft� [PAR] HISTORY [PAR] The ARA General Belgrano was an Argentine Navy light cruiser in service from 1951 until 1982. Formerly the USS Phoenix, she saw action in the Pacific theater of World War II before being sold to Argentina. After almost 31 years of service, she was sunk during the Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas) by the Royal Navy submarine Conqueror with the loss of 323 lives. Losses from the Belgrano totalled just over half of Argentine deaths in the Falklands War. [PAR] She is the only ship ever to have been sunk in anger by a nuclear-powered submarine and the second sunk in action by any type of submarine since World War II, the first being the Indian frigate INS Khukri by the Pakistani Hangor during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War. [PAR] The vessel was the second to have been named after the Argentine founding father Manuel Belgrano (1770�1820). The first vessel was a 7,069-ton armoured cruiser completed in 1899. [PAR] Aftermath [PAR] The area where the Belgrano sank is classified as a War Grave under Argentine Congress Law 25.546. In 1994, the Argentine government conceded that the sinking of the Belgrano was "a legal act of war". In 1999, Sir Michael Boyce, First Sea Lord of the Royal Navy, visited the Puerto Belgrano naval base and paid tribute to those who died. In 2003 a search team aboard the Seacor Lenga, crewed by Argentine and British veterans, was sponsored by National Geographic to find the sunken cruiser but failed to locate the ship. [PAR] Belgrano\'s captain, H�ctor Bonzo, died on 22 April 2009, aged 76. He had spent his last years working for an association called Amigos del Crucero General Belgrano (Friends of the Cruiser General Belgrano) whose purpose was to help those affected by the sinking. Captain Bonzo also wrote his memories about the sinking in the book 1093 Tripulantes del Crucero ARA General Belgrano, published in 1991. [PAR] In late 2011, David Thorp, a former military intelligence officer who led the signals intercept team aboard HMS Intrepid, released the book The Silent Listener detailing the role of intelligence in the Falklands War. The book revealed that despite the fact that the Belgrano was observed by the Conqueror sailing away from the Falklands at the time of the attack, it had actually been ordered to proceed to a rendezvous point within the Exclusion Zone, to engage in a pincer attack. A report prepared by Thorp for Thatcher several months after the incident stated the destination of the vessel was not to her home port as the Argentine Junta stated; the report was not released because the Prime Minister did not want to compromise British signals intelligence capabilities. [PAR] \xa0Suggest: Display case to preserve the model from dust [PAR] This assembly display case comes with plexiglass. [PAR] Picture of the ship in the display case is just for illustration purpose. [PAR] back[DOC] [TLE] ARA General Belgrano - qualitymodelship.comARA General Belgrano [PAR] ARA GENERAL BELGRANO [PAR] 100L x 12W x 32H (cm) [PAR] 39.37L x 4.72W x 12.59H (inch) [PAR] Packing volume: 0.1 m³ = 3.53 ft³ [PAR] Categgory: [PAR] Click mouse on the photo to enlarge [PAR] More Photos [PAR] Details [PAR] This battle ship model is all hand-crafted from hard wood with planks on frame construction and painted as the real ship. There are no plastic and this model is ready for display. Model comes with a brass nameplate on the base. [PAR] Color: Grey, black [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] HISTORY [PAR] The ARA General Belgrano was an Argentine Navy light cruiser in service from 1951 until 1982. Formerly the USS Phoenix, she saw action in the Pacific theater of World War II before being sold to Argentina. After almost 31 years of service, she was sunk during the Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas) by the Royal Navy'}, 'question': {'"What ship, formerly called USS ""Phoenix"" which saw action in World War II, became the first to be sunk by a nuclear-powered submarine, in 1982?"'}}

['ara general belgrano']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Zermatt travel guide - WikitravelZermatt travel guide - Wikitravel [PAR] 8 Get out [PAR] Zermatt [1] is a car-free village in the upper Valais , one of the alpine cantons of Switzerland . It\'s probably best known as a platform for skiing and mountaineering, especially on the mountain which towers above the village, the Matterhorn . The surroundings are breathtaking but this comes at a price: Accommodation in Zermatt is among the most expensive in Switzerland. [PAR] The Matterhorn in winter as seen from Zermatt [PAR] A view of Zermatt from a hiking trail [PAR] Zermatt is surrounded by a range of fabulous mountains, among which the highest of Switzerland: Monte Rosa, but it is famous for the Matterhorn. It was one of the last alpine mountains to be conquered (in 1865), and the first expedition that reached the top ended dramatically (only 3 of the 7 climbers survived). [PAR] If you\'ve never experienced a car-free city of any size then Zermatt could be a bit of a surprise: during the high season nearly 20,000 people living in a town with only 5 or 6 streets and more significantly almost no internal combustion vehicles except very occasional outside delivery and specialist services. This means that you can leave a noisy bar or party, and a few minutes later on foot find yourself in utter tranquility. You can sit on the hotel balcony and listen to dozens of varieties of songbirds while watching the sun set on one of the most striking mountains in the western world. Wake up with the sun in a four or five-star room or a canvas tent to the sound of the aforementioned birds, crickets, church bells, and children\'s laughter. [PAR] Almost all vehicles in Zermatt are battery driven and almost completely silent. Taxi drivers have a habit of assuming that pedestrians have eyes in the backs of their heads, with occasional alarming though seldom injurious consequences. Horse drawn vehicles are equipped with bells and many startled pedestrians might well wish taxis were similarly provided. [PAR] You can cycle or stroll in complete safety. [PAR] Incidentally there is a version of the standard Zermatt skimap/summer walking map in English although for some reason the lift stations only seem to hand out the German/French versions with tickets. The map is free - you can generally find it on one of the stands in the lift stations or in the Tourist Information centre. [PAR] The name "Zermatt" is a contraction of the local dialect words "zer", which means "to", and "matta", which means "field" or "meadow". Therefore: "to the field", although many of the fields have since had hotels of apartment houses built on them. [PAR] Get in[ edit ] [PAR] Probably the best way to reach Zermatt is by train, since you won\'t be able to drive once you get there anyway. Trains run approximately every hour to Visp and then on to Brig; at Visp you can connect to the main Swiss Railsystem with trains to Geneva (&Airport), Zurich (&Airport) and Basel. Timetables can be found on the Swiss Rail website [2] . For foreign tourists,n the cheapest option is most likely a Swiss Transfer Ticket (purchasable only outside of Switzerland [www.swisstravelsystem.com]) which is valid from your point of entry to Switzerland to Zermatt and back. [PAR] Private cars can only drive as far as Täsch. The last 7 km must be travelled by train or by taxi [3] . There is a Shuttle train every 20 minutes during the day departing from the Matterhorn Terminal Tasch, which contains 2100 covered parking spaces. You can take your luggage cart directly from your car, on to the shuttle, and on to the Zermatt train station forecourt. [4] [PAR] If it\'s in line with your budget Air Zermatt [5] will fly you in from major regional airports. [PAR] The nearest airport to Zermatt is Sion, but due to its very limited flight schedule, most tourists opt for Geneva, Zurich or Milan Malpensa airports. [PAR] It\'s also possible to book a airport transfer by limousine or van to get to Zermatt. [6]'}, 'question': {'The village of Zermatt is close to what geographical feature?'}}

['matterhorn']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] What services are available at most laundromats ...What services are available at most laundromats? | Reference.com [PAR] What services are available at most laundromats? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Most basic laundromats allow customers to wash and dry their own clothing, sometimes with help from an attendant who provides change or sells detergent if necessary. In addition to the standard services, higher-end laundromats often provide cleaning for specialty garments such as wedding gowns, as well as dry-cleaning pick-up and drop-off services. [PAR] Full Answer [PAR] Laundromats, also called self-service laundry or coin wash, are usually unmanned, fully automated and open 24 hours. However, some laundromats employ staff members to assist customers with operating the washing and drying machines. Staff members also watch over the machines while customers are away to ensure that no one steals other customers\' clothing. [PAR] Some laundromats wash, dry and fold clothing for their customers to pick up later. This service goes by names such as Fluff & Fold, Wash-n-Fold, bachelor bundles, service wash and full service wash. There are some laundromat companies that deliver clothing to customers as well. [PAR] Laundromats are also called wash-a-terias, launderettes and coin laundries. Noah Brannen opened the first laundromat in 1936 in Fort Worth, Texas. It is believed that the first coin-operated laundromat was founded in Philadelphia in 1947. [PAR] According to the United States Census Bureau, there are about 11,000 laundromats in the United States that employ 39,000 people and generate over $3.4 billion annually.[DOC] [TLE] Self-service laundryA self-service laundry, coin laundry or coin wash is a facility where clothes are washed and dried. They are known in the United Kingdom as launderettes or laundrettes, and in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand as laundromats (from the genericized trademark of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation) or washaterias. George Edward Pendray created the word "laundromat" for Westinghouse. [PAR] Staffed laundries [PAR] Some laundries employ staff to provide service for the customers. Minimal service centres may simply provide an attendant behind a counter to provide change, sell washing powder, and watch unattended machines for potential theft of clothing. Others allow customers to drop off clothing to be washed, dried, and folded. This is often referred to as Fluff & Fold, Wash-n-Fold, Drop Off, bachelor bundles, a service wash or full-service wash. Some staffed laundry facilities also provide dry cleaning pick-up and drop-off. There are over 35,000 laundries throughout the United States. Similar services exist in the United Kingdom where the terms service wash or full-service wash are also in use. [PAR] Fluff n Fold services [PAR] The evolution of self-serve laundry services have been seen in some "fluff n fold" services provided by various laundromats. These services provide the end user with wash, dry, and folding services on a per pound basis. Some services offer free pickup and delivery as well as complimentary laundry bags as part of their customer appreciation. Additionally, dry-cleaning services have been known to utilize the pickup and delivery as a means to help generate additional revenue. [PAR] Wash-A-Teria (United States) [PAR] Washateria is an alternate name for laundromat, especially in Texas. The first washateria so named was opened in 1936 in Fort Worth, Texas by Noah Brannen. Though steam-powered laundry machines were invented in the 19th century, their cost put them out of reach of many. Brennan and others began renting short-term use of their machines. Most laundromats and washaterias in the United States are fully automated and coin-operated and generally unmanned, with many (but not all) operating 24 hours a day. [PAR] The United States Census Bureau estimates that there are 11,000 of this style of laundromat in the U.S., employing 39,000 people and generating over $3.4 billion every year. [PAR] Launderettes (United Kingdom) [PAR] The first UK launderette (alternative spelling: "laundrette") was opened on 9 May 1949 in Queensway (London). UK launderettes'}, 'question': {'It is believed that the first of what type of business was opened in 1936 in Fort Worth, Texas by Noah Brannen?'}}

['laundromat' 'laundromats']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Dae Jang GeumDae Jang Geum (; literally "The Great Jang-geum"), also known as Jewel in the Palace, is a 2003 Korean television series directed by Lee Byung-hoon. It first aired from September 15, 2003 to March 23, 2004 on MBC, where it was the top program with an average viewership rating of 46.3% and a peak of 57.8% (making it the 10th highest rated Korean drama of all time). Produced for , it was later exported to 91 countries and has earned worldwide, becoming known as one of the primary proponents of the Korean Wave by heightening the popularity of Korean pop culture abroad. [PAR] Starring Lee Young-ae in the title role, it tells the tale of an orphaned kitchen cook who went on to become the king\'s first female physician. In a time when women held little influence in society, young apprentice cook Jang-geum strives to learn the secrets of Korean cooking and medicine in order to cure the King of his various ailments. It is based on the true story of Jang-geum, the first female royal physician of the Joseon Dynasty. The main themes are her perseverance and the portrayal of traditional Korean culture, including Korean royal court cuisine and traditional medicine. [PAR] Synopsis [PAR] The story is set in Korea during the reigns of King Seongjong (1457–1494), King Yeonsan (1494–1506) and King Jungjong (1506–1544). [PAR] Executions - Episode 1 [PAR] At the outset, King Seongjong has ordered the execution by poisoning of his wife Deposed Queen Lady Yun, the mother of the first-born son, the young crown prince (the future Prince Yeonsan). After carrying out the execution, one of the royal guards, Seo Cheon-soo, is haunted by it. On his way home, he suffers an accident and is rescued by a mysterious hermit with a cryptic message—that his life will revolve around three women: the first he has already met; another he will save, but will die because of him; and the third will kill him, but will go on to save many lives. It doesn\'t become clear until later in the story that the three women are the poisoned Deposed Queen Lady Yun, Park Myeong-yi (Seo\'s eventual wife and the mother of Jang-geum) and Jang-geum (the main character and Seo\'s only daughter). Haunted by the curse of the executed deposed queen and his prophesied fate at the hands of the third woman, he abandons his post and also becomes a hermit, refusing to take a wife. [PAR] Park Myeong-yi - Episodes 1 - 2 [PAR] After many years, the former king dies and the Crown Prince ascends the throne as the 10th king of Joseon. Park Myeong-yi is a palace girl (or gungnyeo) and apprentice cook of the royal kitchen (soorangan). She witnesses a fellow apprentice, a girl from the powerful Choi clan named Choi Seong-geum, slip poison into the Great Royal Dowager Queen\'s food. Unaware that the senior kitchen officers are part of a conspiracy against the said Queen, Myeong-yi informs the fragrance kitchen officer Kim sanggong (choi-go sanggung). The officers, fearful that Myeong-yi might reveal their conspiracy, attempt to murder her. Myeong-yi\'s best friend, Han Baek-young, witnesses the crime and manages to secretly save her (by hurriedly diluting the poison with an antidote). She leaves the unconscious Myeong-yi a letter explaining what had happened. As Seo Cheon-soo wanders through the forest in his self-imposed hermitage, he stumbles upon the half-conscious Myeong-yi. He rescues her and the two fall in love and marry. They end up living peacefully in a remote village as lower caste commoners (Seo Cheon-soo posing as a butcher and village weapon smith) and raise a clever daughter named Seo Jang-geum. [PAR] Jang-geum [PAR] Jang Geum soon enters the palace after both her parents die. She is committed to be able to enter the middle kitchen (where her mother used to cook) to uncover her mothers'}, 'question': {'"""Dae Jang Geum"" (2003), an internationally telecast TV series from South Korean TV channel MBC (entitled ""Jewel in the Palace"" in English-speaking countries) and loosely based on the Annals of Joseon Dynasty of Korea, focuses on a character with what occupation?"'}}

['phyſicians' 'physician' 'phyſician' 'physicians']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Henry Bliss is the First Person Killed in a Motor Vehicle ...Henry Bliss is the First Person Killed in a Motor Vehicle Accident in the United States | World History Project [PAR] SEARCH [PAR] Sep 14 1899 [PAR] Henry Bliss is the First Person Killed in a Motor Vehicle Accident in the United States [PAR] H. H. Bliss, a real estate dealer, with offices at 41 Wall Street, and living at 235 West Seventy-fifth Street, was run over last night at Central Park West and Seventy-fourth Street. [PAR] He was injured fatally. [PAR] Bliss, accompanied by a woman named Lee, was alighting from a south-bound Eighth Avenue trolley car, when he was knocked down and run over by an automobile in charge of Arthur Smith of 151 West Sixty-second Street. He had left the car, and had turned to assist Miss Lee, when the automobile struck him. [PAR] Source: 'Fatally Hurt By Automobile'; New York Times, September 14, 1899 Added by: Colin Harris [PAR] “ [PAR] Here at West 74th Street and Central Park West, Henry H. Bliss dismounted from a streetcar and was struck and knocked unconscious by an automobile on the evening of September 13, 1899. When Mr. Bliss, a New York real estate man, died the next morning from his injuries, he became the first recorded motor vehicle fatality in the Western Hemisphere. This sign was erected to remember Mr. Bliss on the centennial of his untimely death and to promote safety on our streets and highways.” [PAR] — Henry Bliss Plaque, located at West 74th Street and Central Park West [PAR] Source: citystreets.org Added by: Colin Harris [PAR] Henry Hale Bliss (June 13, 1830 – September 14, 1899) was the first person killed in a motor vehicle accident in the United States. On September 13, 1899 he was disembarking from a streetcar at West 74th Street and Central Park West in New York City, when an electric-powered taxicab (Automobile No. 43) struck him and crushed his head and chest. He died from his injuries the next morning. [PAR] Arthur Smith, the driver of the taxicab, was arrested and charged with manslaughter but was acquitted on the grounds that it was unintentional. The passenger, Dr. David Edson, was the son of former New York City mayor Franklin Edson.[DOC] [TLE] When and Where Was the First Car Accident? | Mental FlossWhen and Where Was the First Car Accident? | Mental Floss [PAR] When and Where Was the First Car Accident? [PAR] Getty Images [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] That depends on how you define a “car.” In 1869, Irish scientist Mary Ward was riding in a steam-powered automobile built by her cousins. As they rounded a bend in the road, Ward was thrown from her seat and fell in the vehicle’s path. One of the wheels rolled over her and broke her neck, killing her instantly. [PAR] Ohio City, Ohio claims the first accident involving a gasoline-powered auto, a little closer to what most of us think of as a car today. In 1891, engineer James Lambert was driving one of his inventions, an early gasoline-powered buggy, when he ran into a little trouble. The buggy, also carrying passenger James Swoveland, hit a tree root sticking out of the ground. Lambert lost control and the vehicle swerved and crashed into a hitching post. Both men suffered minor injuries. [PAR] The first recorded pedestrian fatalities by car came a few years later. In 1896, Bridget Driscoll stepped off of a London curb and was struck and killed by a gas-powered Anglo-French model car driven by Arthur Edsall. While the car had a top speed of four miles per hour, neither Edsall nor Driscoll—who witnesses described as “bewildered” by the sight of the vehicle and frozen in place—were able to avoid the collision. Edsall was arrested, but the death was ruled an accident and he was not prosecuted. The coroner who examined Driscoll’s body is famously quoted as saying that he hoped “such a thing would never happen again.” (That same year, a bicyclist was killed by an automobile in"}, 'question': {'The first recorded fatality of a car accident in the USA was Henry Bliss, on 13 September 1899. Where was it?'}}

['new york city']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] John FordJohn Ford (February 1, 1894 – August 31, 1973) was an Irish-American film director. He is renowned both for Westerns such as Stagecoach (1939), The Searchers (1956), and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962), as well as adaptations of classic 20th-century American novels such as the film The Grapes of Wrath (1940). His four Academy Awards for Best Director (in 1935, 1940, 1941, and 1952) remain a record. One of the films for which he won the award, How Green Was My Valley, also won Best Picture. [PAR] In a career that spanned more than 50\xa0years, Ford directed more than 140 films (although most of his silent films are now lost) and he is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential film-makers of his generation. Ford\'s work was held in high regard by his colleagues, with Orson Welles and Ingmar Bergman among those who have named him one of the greatest directors of all time. [PAR] Ford made frequent use of location shooting and long shots, in which his characters were framed against a vast, harsh and rugged natural terrain. [PAR] Early life [PAR] Ford was born John Martin "Jack" Feeney (though he later often gave his given names as Sean Aloysius, sometimes with surname O\'Feeny or O\'Fearna; an Irish language equivalent of Feeney) in Cape Elizabeth, Maine to John Augustine Feeney and Barbara "Abbey" Curran, on February 1, 1894 (though he occasionally said 1895 and that date is erroneously inscribed on his tombstone). His father, John Augustine, was born in Spiddal, County Galway, Ireland in 1854. Barbara Curran had been born in the Aran Islands, in the town of Kilronan on the island of Inishmore (Inis Mór). John A. Feeney\'s grandmother, Barbara Morris, was said to be a member of a local (impoverished) gentry family, the Morrises of Spiddal (headed at present by Lord Killanin). [PAR] John Augustine and Barbara Curran arrived in Boston and Portland respectively in May and June 1872. They married in 1875 and became American citizens five years later on September 11, 1880. They had eleven children: Mamie (Mary Agnes), born 1876; Delia (Edith), 1878–1881; Patrick; Francis Ford, 1881–1953; Bridget, 1883–1884; Barbara, born and died 1888; Edward, born 1889; Josephine, born 1891; Hannah (Joanna), born and died 1892; John Martin, 1894–1973; and Daniel, born and died 1896 (or 1898). John Augustine lived in the Munjoy Hill neighborhood of Portland, Maine with his family, and would try farming, fishing, working for the gas company, running a saloon, and being an alderman. [PAR] Feeney attended Portland High School, Portland, Maine, where he was a successful fullback and defensive tackle. He earned the nickname "Bull" because of the way he would lower his helmet and charge the line. A Portland pub is named Bull Feeney\'s in his honor. He later moved to California and in 1914 began working in film production as well as acting for his older brother Francis, adopting "Jack Ford" as a professional name. In addition to credited roles, he appeared uncredited as a Klansman in D. W. Griffith\'s 1915 The Birth of a Nation, as the man who lifts up one side of his hood so he can see clearly. [PAR] He married Mary McBride Smith on July 3, 1920, and they had two children. His daughter Barbara was married to singer and actor Ken Curtis from 1952 to 1964. The marriage between Ford and Smith lasted for life despite various issues, one of which could have proved problematic from the start, this being that John Ford was Catholic while she was a non-Catholic divorcée. What difficulty was caused by the two marrying is unclear as the level of John Ford\'s commitment to the Catholic faith is disputed. A strain would have been Ford\'s many extramarital relationships. [PAR] Directing career [PAR] John Ford began his career in film after moving to California in July'}, 'question': {'"Which film, directed by John Ford and starring John Wayne, John Carradine and Claire Trevor, was indirectly based on Guy de Maupassant\'s story ""Boule de Suif""?"'}}

['stagecoach']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] "Wee Willie Winkie runs through the town," by Mother Goose"Wee Willie Winkie runs through the town...," by Mother Goose [PAR] Wee Willie Winkie runs through the town, [PAR] Upstairs and downstairs in his nightgown, [PAR] Rapping at the window, crying through the lock, [PAR] "Are the children in their beds, for now it\'s eight o\'clock?" [PAR] \xa0[DOC] [TLE] Wee Willie Winkie Runs Through the Town Upstairs ... - Art.comWee Willie Winkie Runs Through the Town Upstairs and Downstairs in His Nightgown Rapping Giclee Print by Edward Hamilton Bell at Art.com [PAR] Home / Shop / Edward Hamilton Bell / Item# 12364341AEdward Hamilton Bell5062495 [PAR] Wee Willie Winkie Runs Through the Town Upstairs and Downstairs in His Nightgown Rapping [PAR] This is a machine translation of the product title to English. Since we have thousands of products, we cannot manually translate all their titles in a timely manner. To help you discover the right product, we provide you with a machine translation of the product title in the interim. In most cases, the machine translations are linguistically accurate (or at the very least helpful in your discovery process), but in some cases you may notice strange or incorrect translations. We apologize for these situations. Our machine translation engine is Google Translate.[DOC] [TLE] Wee Willie Winkie - Nursery Rhyme - Mother Goose ClubWee Willie Winkie - Nursery Rhyme - Mother Goose Club [PAR] Live Action Nursery Rhyme Playhouse Pussy-Cat Pussy-Cat [PAR] Girls and Boys Come Out to Play – Nursery Rhyme [PAR] Girls and Boys Come Out to Play Live Action Nursery Rhyme Playhouse [PAR] To Market, to Market – Nursery Rhyme [PAR] Live Action Nursery Rhyme Playhouse Song To Market, to Market [PAR] More "Wee Willie Winkie" Nursery Rhyme Videos & Downloads [PAR] Wee Willie Winkie – Coloring Page [PAR] Activity Coloring Pages Nursery Rhyme Wee Willie Winkie [PAR] Wee Willie Winkie – Sheet Music [PAR] Activity Nursery Rhyme Sheet Music Wee Willie Winkie [PAR] Find Nursery Rhymes [PAR] Discover Nursery Rhymes Videos, Songs, Activities, Coloring Sheets, Sheet Music & More [PAR] Search for:[DOC] [TLE] Wee Willie Winkie | Nursery Rhymes & Kids\' Songs ...Wee Willie Winkie | Nursery Rhymes & Kids\' Songs | BusSongs.com [PAR] "Are the children all in bed? [PAR] For it\'s now eight o\'clock". [PAR] The Scottish Poetry Version [PAR] Wee Willie Winkie rins through the toun, [PAR] Up stairs and doon stairs in his nicht-goun, [PAR] Tirlin\' at the window, cryin\' at the lock, [PAR] \'Are the weans in their bed, for it\'s noo ten o\'clock?\'. [PAR] \'Hey, Willie Winkie, are ye comin\' ben? [PAR] The cat\'s singin\' grey thrums to the sleepin\' hen, [PAR] The dog\'s spelder\'d on the floor, and disna gi\'e a cheep, [PAR] But here\'s a waukrife laddie that winna fa\' asleep!\'. [PAR] Onything but sleep, you rogue! glow\'ring like the mune, [PAR] Rattlin\' in an airn jug wi\' an airn spune, [PAR] Rumblin\', tumblin\' round about, crawin\' like a cock, [PAR] Skirlin\' like a kenna-what, wauk\'nin\' sleepin\' fock. [PAR] \'Hey, Willie Winkie - the wean\'s in a creel! [PAR] Wambling aff a bodie\'s knee like a verra eel, [PAR] Ruggin\' at the cat\'s lug, and ravelin\' a\' her thrums [PAR] Hey, Willie Winkie - see, there he comes!\'. [PAR] Wearit is the mither that has a stoorie wean, [PAR] A wee stumple stoussie, that canna rin his lane, [PAR] That has a battle aye wi\' sleep before he\'ll close an ee [PAR] But a kiss frae aff his rosy lips gies strength anew to me. [PAR] This song was originally posted at: [PAR] http://bussongs.com/songs/wee-willie-winkie.php[DOC] [TLE] Wee Willie Winkie - YouTubeWee Willie Winkie - YouTube [PAR] Wee Willie Winkie [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Dec'}, 'question': {'"Who ""ran through the town, upstairs and downstairs, in his nightgown""?"'}}

['wee willie winkie']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] General led Hungarian uprising of 1956 - The Globe and MailGeneral led Hungarian uprising of 1956 - The Globe and Mail [PAR] The Globe and Mail [PAR] Thursday, Jul. 09, 2009 5:18PM EDT [PAR] Last updated [PAR] Print [PAR] General Bela K. Kiraly, the commander-in-chief of the revolutionary forces in the Hungarian uprising of 1956, died on July 4 in Budapest. He was 97. For more than half a century he was considered a folk hero in Hungary, and returned in 1989 to serve in its post-Communist government. [PAR] At his death, Gen. Kiraly was emeritus professor of history at Brooklyn College, where he taught from 1964 to 1982. Before returning to Hungary, he lived for many years in Highland Lakes, N.J. [PAR] A former major general in the Hungarian army, he was the senior military leader of Hungary\'s short-lived revolt against Soviet forces in the autumn of 1956. As commander-in-chief of the Hungarian National Guard and the leader of the Budapest garrison, he commanded a force of 26,000 insurgents and 30,000 Hungarian army troops who had joined them. [PAR] When the uprising began on Oct. 23, Gen. Kiraly was weak, ill and exhausted; he had just been released after spending five years in prison, four of them on death row, on manufactured charges of espionage. After the uprising was put down violently by the Soviets less than two weeks later, he fled to the United States. [PAR] Gen. Kiraly was one of the most highly visible Hungarian exiles in the United States, writing and lecturing widely and speaking about the uprising before the United Nations. In 1989, as Hungary\'s Communist government dissolved, he was able to return; the next year, he was elected to a four-year term in the National Assembly, as the Hungarian parliament is called. He also served as vice-chairman of the assembly\'s defence committee and later advised the Hungarian government on military reform. [PAR] A native of Kaposvar, in southwest Hungary, he graduated from the state military academy in Budapest and served as an army officer in the Second World War. In later years, he said in interviews that he had tried to join the Russian side in the war rather than serve with Hungary\'s fascist forces, but was unable to do so. [PAR] During the war, he commanded a battalion of 400 Jewish slave labourers at the Ukrainian front. Disobeying orders from his superiors, as The Jerusalem Post wrote in 1993, he "put the 400 men under his command into Hungarian uniforms and treated them humanely." For his actions, he was honoured in 1993 as a Righteous Gentile by Yad Vashem, the Holocaust memorial authority in Jerusalem. [PAR] Captured by the Russians in 1944, he was sent to Siberia. He and two dozen of his men managed to escape from the train carrying them there and walked over the Carpathian Mountains back to Hungary. [PAR] He was made a general in 1950 and appointed leader of the military academy in Budapest. [PAR] In 1951, Gen. Kiraly was arrested on charges of subversion, sedition and spying for the United States. (The charges are now widely believed to have been concocted by Hungary\'s Stalinist leaders.) [PAR] He was given a death sentence, later commuted to life at hard labour. In October, 1956, Gen. Kiraly was among the prisoners paroled by the Hungarian government in a futile effort to appease mounting popular unrest. [PAR] When the uprising started, he was in a Budapest hospital. "I was skin and bones coming out of five years of imprisonment," Agence France-Presse quoted him as saying in 2006. "I was far from being healed, so I had to slip out of the hospital because the doctors would not let me go." [PAR] At the request of Imre Nagy, a liberal Communist who was Hungary\'s prime minister from 1953 to 1955 - and who was returned to office at the start of the uprising - Gen. Kiraly organized a loose confederation of students, workers and other insurgents into a well-oiled fighting force. [PAR] "In 24 hours, I created a professional military staff," he said in the Agence France-Presse interview. [PAR]'}, 'question': {'In 1956, a major uprising in Hungary was put down by forces from where?'}}

['soviets' 'soviet' 'ussr']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] 1957 SILVER QUARTER VALUE - Google Sites2003 SILVER DOLLAR VALUE : DOLLAR VALUE - 1957 SILVER QUARTER VALUE [PAR] 1957 SILVER QUARTER VALUE [PAR] 2003 SILVER DOLLAR VALUE : DOLLAR VALUE [PAR] 2003 SILVER DOLLAR VALUE : STERLING SILVER HEART CHARM BRACELET. [PAR] 2003 Silver Dollar Value [PAR] silver dollar [PAR] a dollar made of silver [PAR] honesty: southeastern European plant cultivated for its fragrant purplish flowers and round flat papery silver-white seedpods that are used for indoor decoration [PAR] Silver dollar is a common name given to a number of species of Metynnis, a tropical fish belonging to the Characidae family which is closely related to piranha and pacú. [PAR] 2003 [PAR] 2003 (MMIII) was a common year that started on a Wednesday, according to the Gregorian calendar. It was the 2003rd year of the Common Era or the Anno Domini designation; the 3rd year of the 3rd millennium and of the 21st century; and the 4th of the 2000s decade. [PAR] The discography of Dr. Dre, an American record producer and rapper, consists of two studio albums, 12 singles, and six compilation albums. [PAR] The third season of the television series McLeod\'s Daughters originally aired from February 12, 2003 to October 29, 2003 and consisted of 30 episodes. [PAR] Naoero / Nauru [PAR] Officially the Republic of Nauru and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island nation in Micronesia in the South Pacific. Its nearest neighbor is Banaba Island in Kiribati, 300 km to the east. Nauru is the world\'s smallest island nation, covering just 21 square kilometres (8.1 square miles). Settled by Micronesian and Polynesian people, Nauru was annexed and claimed as a colony by the German Empire in the late 19th century. After World War I, Nauru became a League of Nations mandate administered by Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. During World War II, Nauru was occupied by Japanese troops who were bypassed by the Allied advance across the Pacific, and after the war ended, it entered into trusteeship again. Nauru was declared independent in 1968. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, Nauru was a "rentier state". Nauru is a phosphate rock island, with deposits close to the surface, which allow for simple strip mining operations. This island was a major exporter of phosphate starting in 1907, when the Pacific Phosphate Company began mining there, through the formation of the British Phosphate Commission in 1919, and continuing after independence. This gave Nauru back full control of its minerals under the Nauru Phosphate Corporation, until the deposits ran out during the 1980s. For this reason, Nauru briefly boasted the highest per-capita income enjoyed by any sovereign state in the world during the late 1960s and early 1970s. When the phosphate reserves were exhausted, and the environment had been seriously harmed by mining, the trust established to manage the island\'s wealth became greatly reduced in value. To earn income, the government resorted to unusual measures. In the 1990s, Nauru briefly became a tax haven and illegal money laundering center. From 2001 to 2008, it accepted aid from the Australian government in exchange for housing an immigration detention center that held and processed illegal immigrants who had tried to enter Australia. From December 2005 to September 2006, Nauru became partially isolated from the outside world when Air Nauru, the only airline with service to the island, ceased to operate. The only outside access to Nauru was then by ocean-going ships. The airline was able to restart operations under the name Our Airline with monetary aid from Taiwan. On 15 December 2009 Nauru became the fourth country to recognise Abkhazia[6], and on 16 December recognised South Ossetia, regions of Georgia which had been de facto independent since the early 1990s and were recognised as such by Russia after the brief Russia-Georgia summer war of 2008. Reports suggest that this decision netted Nauru Russian aid of around US$50,000,000. History The history of Nauru has been intrinsically linked with the extraction of phosphate. Initially inhabited by Micronesian and Polynesian peoples, Nauru was annexed by Germany in the late 19th century, and extraction of the island\'s phosphate began in 1906. Following World War I it became a League of Nations mandate administered by Australia, New'}, 'question': {'What area was claimed as a colony by the German Empire in the late 19th century, became a League of Nations mandate administered by Australia, New Zealand and the UK after World War I, was occupied by Japanese troops during World War II, and became a trusteeship until it was declared independent in 1968?'}}

['nauru' 'republic of nauru' 'nauru island']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] BEST VIDEO YET ON ILLEGAL MEXICANS: OBAMA AND HOLDER ...BEST VIDEO YET ON ILLEGAL MEXICANS: OBAMA AND HOLDER TAKING ON ARIZONA\'S SB 1070 ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION LAW >> Four Winds 10 - Truth Winds [PAR] Arizona SB 1070 [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (introduced as Arizona Senate Bill 1070 and thus often referred to simply as Arizona SB\xa01070) is a legislative Act in the U.S. state of Arizona that at the time of passage in 2010 was the broadest and strictest anti- illegal immigration measure in recent U.S. history. [2] It has received national and international attention and has spurred considerable controversy. [3] [4] [PAR] U.S. federal law requires all aliens over the age of 14 who remain in the United States for longer than 30 days [5] to register with the U.S. government, [6] and to have registration documents in their possession at all times; violation of this requirement is a federal misdemeanor crime. [7] The Arizona act additionally made it a state misdemeanor crime for an alien to be in Arizona without carrying the required documents, [8] required that state law enforcement officers attempt to determine an individual\'s immigration status during a "lawful stop, detention or arrest", when there is reasonable suspicion that the individual is an illegal immigrant. [9] [10] The law barred state or local officials or agencies from restricting enforcement of federal immigration laws , [11] and imposed penalties on those sheltering, hiring and transporting unregistered aliens. [12] The paragraph on intent in the legislation says it embodies an "attrition through enforcement" doctrine. [13] [14] [PAR] Critics of the legislation say it encourages racial profiling , while supporters say the law prohibits the use of race as the sole basis for investigating immigration status. [15] The law was modified by Arizona House Bill 2162 within a week of its signing with the goal of addressing some of these concerns. There have been protests in opposition to the law in over 70 U.S. cities, [16] including boycotts and calls for boycotts of Arizona. [17] Polling has found the law to have majority support in Arizona and nationwide. [18] [19] [20] [21] Passage of the measure has prompted other states to consider adopting similar legislation. [22] [PAR] The Act was signed into law by Governor Jan Brewer on April 23, 2010. [2] It was scheduled to go into effect on July 29, 2010, ninety days after the end of the legislative session . [23] [24] Legal challenges over its constitutionality and compliance with civil rights law were filed, including one by the United States Department of Justice , that also asked for an injunction against enforcement of the law. [25] The day before the law was to take effect, a federal judge issued a preliminary injunction that blocked the law\'s most controversial provisions. [26] In June 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on the case Arizona v. United States , upholding the provision requiring immigration status checks during law enforcement stops but striking down three other provisions as violations of the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution . [27] [PAR] Contents [PAR] 9 External links [PAR] Provisions [PAR] U.S. federal law requires aliens 14 years old or older who are in the country for longer than 30 days to register with the U.S. government [6] and have registration documents in their possession at all times. [7] The Act makes it a state misdemeanor crime for an alien to be in Arizona without carrying the required documents [8] and obligates police to make an attempt, when practicable during a "lawful stop, detention or arrest", [9] to determine a person\'s immigration status if there is reasonable suspicion that the person is an illegal alien. [11] Any person arrested cannot be released without confirmation of the person\'s legal immigration status by the federal government pursuant to §\xa01373(c) of Title 8 of the United States Code . [11] A first offense carries a fine of up to $100, plus court costs, and up to 20\xa0days'}, 'question': {'The killing of 58-year-old Robert Krentz and his dog, shot on 27 March 2010 on his ranch roughly 19 miles (31 km) from the Mexican border, led to increased public support for a bill to combat illegal immigration in which US State?'}}

['arizona' 'arizona state' 'state of arizona']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Parallelograms and Trapezoids - Free Math HelpParallelograms and Trapezoids - Free Math Help [PAR] Related Pages [PAR] What is a Parallelogram? [PAR] A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which both pairs of opposite sides are parallel. Special relationships exist between the measures of consecutive angles, opposite angles and opposite sides of a parallelogram. A square is the most straightforward parallelogram, because it has 2 sets of parallel sides. Naturally, all of its angles and sides match in length or measure. [PAR] Facts About a Parallelogram [PAR] (1) The degree measure of the four angles of a parallelogram add up to 360 degrees. Remember that all quadrilaterals (4 sided figures) have angles which add up to 360 degrees. Here's a sample: [PAR] Then: a + b + c + d = 360 degrees [PAR] (2) The degree measure of any two consecutive angles add up to 180 degrees. In parallelogram ABCD: [PAR] angle a + angle b = 180 degrees [PAR] angle b + angle c = 180 degrees [PAR] angle c + angle d = 180 degrees [PAR] angle a + angle d = 180 degrees [PAR] (3) Opposite angles have the same measure in terms of degrees. [PAR] In parallelogram ABCD: [PAR] (1) Opposite sides are parallel: [PAR] side AD || side BC [PAR] NOTE: The symbol || means parallel. [PAR] (2) Opposite sides have the same lengths: [PAR] side AD = side BC [PAR] side AB = side CD [PAR] Diagonals of a Parallelogram [PAR] The diagonals of a parallelogram divide the parallelogram into two side-by-side triangles. As shown in the picture below, diagonal AC forms equal alternate interior angles with each pair of parallel sides. We can also see that there are two triangles in the picture below. Triangle 1 is congruent to triangle 2 by ASA (Angle-Side-Angle) Method. [PAR] Where did the two triangles come from? They were formed by diagonal AC. [PAR] I should also note that diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other as shown in the picture below. [PAR] AE = EC [PAR] where E is the midpoint of BOTH diagonals. [PAR] Example: [PAR] In parallelogram WXYZ, the measure of angle X = 4a - 40 and the measure of angle Z = 2a - 8. Find the measure of angle W? [PAR] Solution: [PAR] (1) Find the value of a. [PAR] Since angles X and Z are opposite angles of parallelogram WXYZ, they have the same measure. We equate the terms and solve for a. [PAR] 4a - 40 = 2a - 8[DOC] [TLE] Interior Angles of a Polygon - Free Math HelpInterior Angles of a Polygon - Free Math Help [PAR] Interior Angles of a Polygon [PAR] Quick Definitions [PAR] Let's go over a few key words so we're all on the same page. Remember that a polygon is a two-dimensional shape with sides drawn by straight lines (no curves) which together form a closed area. Each point on a polygon where two sides meet is called a vertex. At each vertex, there is an interior angle of the polygon. A square, for example, has four interior angles, each of 90 degrees. If the square represented your classroom, the interior angles are the four corners of the room. [PAR] Sum of the interior angles [PAR] To extend that further, if the polygon has x sides, the sum, S, of the degree measures of these x interior sides is given by the formula S = (x - 2)(180). [PAR] For example, a triangle has 3 angles which add up to 180 degrees . A square has 4 angles which add up to 360 degrees. For every additional side you add, you have to add another 180 degrees to the total sum. [PAR] Let's talk about a diagonal for a minute. What is a diagonal anyway? A diagonal is a line segment connecting two nonconsecutive vertices of the polygon. It's all the lines between points in a polygon if you don't count those that are also sides of the polygon. In the picture below, BD is a diagonal. As you can see, line segment BD divides quadrilateral ABCD into two"}, 'question': {'The internal angles of a rectangle add up to how many degrees?'}}

['360']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Kinky FriedmanRichard Samet "Kinky" Friedman (born November 1, 1944) is an American Texas Country singer, songwriter, novelist, humorist, politician and former columnist for Texas Monthly who styles himself in the mold of popular American satirists Will Rogers and Mark Twain. He was one of two independent candidates in the 2006 election for the office of Governor of Texas. Receiving 12.6% of the vote, Friedman placed fourth in the six-person race. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Friedman was born in Chicago to Jewish parents, Dr. S. Thomas Friedman and his wife Minnie (Samet) Friedman. The family moved to a ranch in central Texas a few years later. Friedman had an early interest in both pop music and chess, and was chosen at age seven as one of 50 local players to challenge U.S. grandmaster Samuel Reshevsky to simultaneous games in Houston. Reshevsky won all 50 games, but Friedman was, by far, the youngest competitor. [PAR] Friedman graduated from Austin High School in Austin, Texas in 1962 and earned a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Texas at Austin in 1966, majoring in Psychology. He took part in the Plan II Honors program and was a member of the Tau Delta Phi fraternity. During his freshman year, Chinga Chavin gave Friedman the nickname "Kinky" because of his curly hair. [PAR] Friedman served two years in the United States Peace Corps, teaching in Borneo, Indonesia with John Gross. During his service in the Peace Corps, he met future road manager Dylan Ferrero, with whom he still works. Friedman lives at Echo Hill Ranch, his family\'s summer camp near Kerrville, Texas. He founded Utopia Animal Rescue Ranch, also located near Kerrville, whose mission is to care for stray, abused and aging animals; more than 1,000 dogs have been saved from animal euthanasia. [PAR] Music career [PAR] Friedman formed his first band, King Arthur & the Carrots, while a student at the University of Texas at Austin. The band, which poked fun at surf music, recorded only one single in 1966 ("Schwinn 24/Beach Party Boo Boo"). [PAR] By 1971, Friedman had formed his second band, Kinky Friedman and The Texas Jewboys, which many took to be a play on the name of the famous band Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys. In keeping with the band\'s satirical nature, each member had a comical name: in addition to Kinky there was Little Jewford, Big Nig, Panama Red, Wichita Culpepper, Sky Cap Adams, Rainbow Colours, and Snakebite Jacobs. More conventionally named roadie Jack Slaughter and road manager Dylan Ferrero rounded out the crew and provided most of the driving of the "tour bus", a Cadillac with 10-year-old expired license plates and a nasty predilection for going into a coma at the most inconvenient moment (but, according to Friedman, her talent lay in her ability to stop on a dime and pick up the change). [PAR] Friedman\'s father objected to the name of the band, calling it a "negative, hostile, peculiar thing", which gave Kinky even more reason to choose the name. [PAR] Arriving on the wave of country rock following on from Gram Parsons, The Band, and the Eagles, Friedman originally found cult fame as a country and western singer. His break came in 1973 thanks to Commander Cody, who contacted Vanguard Music on his behalf. Friedman released Kinky Friedman in 1974 for ABC Records, then toured with Bob Dylan in 1975-6. His repertoire mixed social commentary ("We Reserve the Right to Refuse Service to You") and maudlin ballads ("Western Union Wire") with raucous humor (such as "Get Your Biscuits in the Oven and Your Buns in Bed"). His "Ride \'Em Jewboy" was an extended tribute to the victims of the Holocaust. [PAR] Some of his most famous numbers are "How Can I Tell You I Love You (When You\'re Sitting On My Face)" and "They Ain\'t Makin\' Jews Like Jesus Anymore," a song in which Kinky verbally and physically beats up a drunken white racist who berates blacks'}, 'question': {'"Who headed up the ""Rolling Thunder Revue"", a US concert tour consisting of a travelling caravan of musicians including Joan Baez, Roger McGuinn, Ramblin\' Jack Elliott, Kinky Friedman & Bob Neuwirth, that took place in late 1975 / early 1976?"'}}

['bob dylan']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] The Snow Queen | Hans Christian Andersen | 9781782691037 ...The Snow Queen | Hans Christian Andersen | 9781782691037 | NetGalley [PAR] Recommends This Book [PAR] Strongly [PAR] Although I have loved fairy tales my entire life, I never read this book before. I don't have any way of comparing this to any of the other editions out there on the marketplace; however, I thoroughly enjoyed the story and thought it was well written. One of the things I liked best about the book, is that it is a Christian story. From the beginning when the devil is enamored with his mirror that causes people that look into it to see all good things in a distorted way to the end when Gerda asks for God's protection, it is a story that has many layers of Christianity. I highly recommend this delightful book for all ages. [PAR] Recommends This Book [PAR] Recommends This Book [PAR] Strongly [PAR] If you’re a fan of the Disney movie, Frozen, you’ll love this story! Frozen is based on this fairy tale. I first heard the story of The Snow Queen when I was six years old. My mother read it to me during my fairy tale phase. I was an imaginative young girl and I loved fairy tales. Even to this day, there’s something magical about reading fairy tales, and The Snow Queen is one of my favorites. The Devil is up to no good when he breaks his magical mirror. It shatters into a million pieces and tiny shards of glass pierce people’s eyes and hearts. Suddenly, they see only the negative things in life and their hearts are frozen to love. The Devil laughs and is gleeful at all these humans acting mean and distancing themselves from love and family. This is what happens to young Kai and before anyone can figure out what happened, he’s kidnapped by the Snow Queen. She sees the frozen heart of his and vows to make him hers. Gerta is Kai’s best friend and when Kai disappears, she puts on her new red shoes and tries to find him. She asks the flowers, birds and even the big river. No one knew where Kai is. She continues on her journey to find Kai, not knowing if he’s dead or alive. Will they be reunited or will Kai freeze to death under the Snow Queen’s kisses? I loved this translation and the illustrations were beautiful. Well done, Pushkin Children’s Books! I highly recommend this book to everyone and it’s a must-read! It makes a beautiful gift, too. Thank you to Pushkin Children’s Books and Netgalley for a complimentary copy in exchange for my review. Favorite Quote: “In the valleys, the roses grow, The Child of God we’ll come to know…” My Rating: 5+ stars [PAR] Recommends This Book [PAR] Recommends This Book [PAR] Yes [PAR] One thing I like about this book is a classic tale by Hans Christian Andersen. I really love all Hans' fairy tales from The Little Mermaid and The Ugly Duckling. I have always wanted to read the original classic fairy tale of The Snow Queen ever since I watched Disney's Frozen. This book is perfect for young children who are interested to read about fairy tales. The story of The Snow Queen is beautifully told, short and sweet that I read it in one sitting. A perfect gripping, icy tale on a quiet night. The illustrations at every chapter of the book are drawn wonderfully but it would be better if they are illustrated in full colour to appeal to the younger readers. That being said the cover is simply beautiful with the use of cool colours like blue and white and the castle that are suitable to represent the classic tale of The Snow Queen. I would definitely read this book again whenever I feel cold and lonely or just to reminisce the innocence of my childhood. [PAR] Recommends This Book [PAR] Recommends This Book [PAR] Strongly [PAR] I must say that I had never read this story before, and it’s not one of the ones that were read to me when I was little but I quite enjoyed it."}, 'question': {'Which story by Hans Christian Andersen involves Kai, Gerda and a splintered mirror?'}}

['snow queen']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Billie Holiday Is Born | World History ProjectBillie Holiday Is Born | World History Project [PAR] Billie Holiday Is Born [PAR] Jazz singer Billie Holiday was born on April 7, 1915, in Baltimore, Maryland. [PAR] She made her professional singing debut in Harlem nightclubs in 1931, and her first recordings in 1933. Although she had no formal musical training, she became one of the greatest jazz singers of all time; her recordings are now regarded as masterpieces. [PAR] Holiday\'s autobiography, Lady Sings the Blues,1 opens with the line: "Mom and Pop were just a couple of kids when they got married; he was 18, she was 16 and I was three." Holiday\'s given name was Eleanora Fagan, but when she started to perform she chose the stage name Billie after Billie Dove, a star in silent, and later sound, movies. [PAR] Source: Library of Congress Added by: Aimee Lucido [PAR] Billie Holiday (born Eleanora Fagan; April 7, 1915 – July 17, 1959) was an American jazz singer and songwriter. Nicknamed Lady Day by her loyal friend and musical partner Lester Young, Holiday was a seminal influence on jazz and pop singing. Her vocal style, strongly inspired by jazz instrumentalists, pioneered a new way of manipulating phrasing and tempo. Above all, she was admired for her deeply personal and intimate approach to singing. Critic John Bush wrote that she "changed the art of American pop vocals forever." She co-wrote only a few songs, but several of them have become jazz standards, notably "God Bless the Child", "Don\'t Explain", and "Lady Sings the Blues". She also became famous for singing jazz standards written by others, including "Easy Living" and "Strange Fruit." [PAR] Source: Wikipedia Added by: Aimee Lucido [PAR] “[DOC] [TLE] Best Singers and Bands from Pennsylvania - TheTopTens®Best Singers and Bands from Pennsylvania - TheTopTens® [PAR] Best Singers and Bands from Pennsylvania [PAR] GHOSTbirdnatureLOVER Good ol\' P.A. has quite a few spectacular native singers & Bands! And it\'s my Home State! [PAR] The Top Ten [PAR] 1 Jackie Evancho [PAR] Jacqueline Marie "Jackie" Evancho is an American classical crossover singer who gained wide recognition at an early age and, since 2009, has issued an EP and five albums, including a platinum and gold album and three Billboard 200 top 10 debuts . [PAR] Jackie continues to live and go to school in Pennsylvania. She loves it here! - BobG [PAR] Jackie is about 30 miles from where I was born! [PAR] V 1 Comment [PAR] 3 Patti LaBelle [PAR] Patricia Louise Holt-Edwards better known under the stage name Patti LaBelle, is an American singer, author, actress, and entrepreneur. [PAR] This was my father\'s guilty pleasure when growing up. Unfortunately, he may have passed on that potentially faulty gene. - PositronWildhawk [PAR] 4 Hall & Oates [PAR] Daryl Hall and John Oates, known more commonly as Hall & Oates, are an American musical duo from Philadelphia. [PAR] 5 Poison [PAR] 6 Bill Haley & the Comets [PAR] 7 Pink [PAR] Alecia Beth Moore known professionally as P!NK, is an American singer, songwriter, dancer and actress. [PAR] 8 Joan Jett [PAR] Joan Marie Larkin known professionally by her stage name Joan Jett, is an American rock guitarist, singer, songwriter, producer and occasional actress, best known for her work with Joan Jett & the Blackhearts, preceded by success with The Runaways, including their hit song "Cherry Bomb". [PAR] Man, I love Joan Jett. But the reason she couldn\'t be higher is because she didn\'t have a lot of hits. - GHOSTbirdnatureLOVER [PAR] 9 Taylor Swift [PAR] Taylor Alison Swift (Taylor Swift) is an American singer-songwriter. She was born on December 13, 1989 in Reading, Pennsylvania. She is best known for writing break up songs and for having more than 5 Grammys . She became interested in country music when she was around 9 years old and after watching ... read more . [PAR] Taylor Swift really isn\'t my thing, but she does have an enormous amount of hits, and is the only artist to have all of the songs on'}, 'question': {'What was the stage name of American jazz singer and songwriter Eleanora Fagan?'}}

['billie holiday' 'eleanora fagan']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Medusa Greek Mythology - Medusa\'s MakeupMedusa Greek Mythology [PAR] Medusa Greek Mythology [PAR] By Martha Leonard [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 The stories of Medusa are often contradictory. Was she a victim or a villain? Was she always ugly or once beautiful? How did someone with the body of a dragon and a head of snakes become known as thy "guardian or protectress"? Just what was her role in the early Greek myths? [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 The name Medusa first appears in early religious history, when goddesses represented birth and earth. It was a time before the advent of male gods. There are references to a Medusa among the Libyan Amazons. She was known then as the "serpent goddess". Those who study Greek mythology believe the goddess was transplanted into the Greek tales at a later date. All tales seem to agree that she was a gorgon - a terrible monster. Some stories say she was born that way, the only mortal of three gorgon sisters born to Echidne, a half-woman, half-snake and Typhon, the worst monster in the world. Another story states she was a beautiful woman born to two earth people named Phorcys and Ceto. [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 The story of Medusa as a world renowned beauty says she offended Athena, the beautiful goddess. One myth says Medusa lived in the far north and had never seen the sun. She asked permission of Athena to come south. When Athena denied her request, she angrily accused Athena of being jealous of her (Medusa\'s) beauty. Enraged, Athena not only removed her beauty, but even worse, made her so ugly people, especially men, turned to stone just looking at her. [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 A different story also reports Medusa\'s beauty was so stunning that many men courted her, but she became a priestess in Athena\'s temple. Her golden hair and her beauty attracted the lustful eyes of the sea god, Poseidon. They coupled in Athena\'s temple, a terrible violation of a sacred place. Stories differ as to whether he raped Medusa or she enticed him first. Either way, she got pregnant. When Athena learned what had happened she flew into a rage and cursed Medusa with snakes for hair, a body of a dragon and a face that turned those who looked at her to stone. [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 Eventually, a Greek hero named Perseus promised to kill her. He borrowed (some stories say he stole) Hermes\' winged sandals and Hades\' cap of invisibility. He carried a powerful scythe and a mirrored shield. His speed and invisibility allowed him to get close to her. He used the mirror to "see" her without becoming a stone and beheaded her. Again, different versions tell that Athena assisted him. [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 It turned out that the head continued, at least for awhile, to turn others to stone. Perseus used it to kill some of his enemies including King Polydectes who was forcing Persephus\' mother to marry him. The story continues that when her head left her neck, her offspring sprang full grown from her blood. They were the winged horse Pegasus (Poseidon was a great horse lover) and a giant warrior named Chrysaor. As Perseus transported the head, blood dripped onto the Sahara Desert and created poisonous serpents. When he laid the head down near the sea, the blood seeped onto the seaweed and created red coral. Afterward this water was known as the "Red Sea". It is also interesting to note that some species of coral are called medusa today. [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 The eventual disposition of the head varies from tale to tale. Some say that Athena used it on her shield, the Aegis, for a while, and then gave it away. Others say Persephus buried it in the marketplace of Argos. Images of Medusa were found in the temples of Artemis, who also sometimes wore a Medusa mask at some rites. Her image was also found on doors, flags and in cups. It was used to scare evil spirits away. [PAR] \xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 There are lessons to be learned from Medusa\'s stories. One is that beauty can either be a gift or a curse, depending on how a beautiful woman behaves. Her beauty'}, 'question': {'In Greek mythology, which winged horse sprang from the body of Medusa after her death?'}}

['winged horse' 'pegasus' 'pegasi' 'winged horses']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Magnesium products - MAGNESIO by CometoxMAGNESIO by Cometox [PAR] E-Mail [PAR] Magnesium products [PAR] Magnesium (pronounced /mæɡˈniːziəm/, mag-NEE-zee-əm) is a chemical element with the symbol Mg, atomic number 12 and common oxidation number +2. It is an alkaline earth metal and the ninth most abundant element in the universe by mass.[2] [PAR] Magnesium is the 11th most abundant element by mass in the human body; its ions are essential to all living cells, where they play a major role in manipulating important biological polyphosphate compounds like ATP, DNA, and RNA. Hundreds of enzymes thus require magnesium ions in order to function. Magnesium is also the metallic ion at the center of chlorophyll, and is thus a common additive to fertilizers.[5] Magnesium compounds are used medicinally as common laxatives, antacids (i.e., milk of magnesia), and in a number of situations where stabilization of abnormal nerve excitation and blood vessel spasm is required (i.e., to treat eclampsia). Magnesium ions are sour to the taste, and in low concentrations help to impart a natural tartness to fresh mineral waters. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Characteristics [PAR] Elemental magnesium is a fairly strong, silvery-white, light-weight metal (two thirds the density of aluminium). It tarnishes slightly when exposed to air, although unlike the alkaline metals, storage in an oxygen-free environment is unnecessary because magnesium is protected by a thin layer of oxide which is fairly impermeable and hard to remove. Like its lower periodic table group neighbor calcium, magnesium reacts with water at room temperature, though it reacts much more slowly than calcium. [PAR] When it is submerged in water, hydrogen bubbles will almost unnoticeably begin to form on the surface of the metal, though if powdered it will react much more rapidly. The reaction will occur faster with higher temperatures (see precautions). Magnesium also reacts exothermically with most acids, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl). As with aluminium, zinc and many other metals, the reaction with hydrochloric acid produces the chloride of the metal and releases hydrogen gas. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Magnesium is a highly flammable metal, but while it is easy to ignite when powdered or shaved into thin strips, it is difficult to ignite in mass or bulk. Once ignited, it is difficult to extinguish, being able to burn in both nitrogen (forming magnesium nitride), and carbon dioxide (forming magnesium oxide and carbon). [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] This property has made it useful as a component in incendiary weapons such as those employed in the firebombing of cities in World War II, the only practical civil defense being to smother a burning flare under dry sand to exclude the atmosphere. On burning in air, magnesium produces a brilliant white light. Thus magnesium powder (flash powder) was used as a source of illumination in the early days of photography. Later, magnesium ribbon was used in electrically ignited flash bulbs. Magnesium powder is used in the manufacture of fireworks and marine flares where a brilliant white light is required. Flame temperatures of magnesium and magnesium alloys can reach 1,371 °C (2,500 °F), although flame height above the burning metal is usually less than 300 mm (12 in).[6] Magnesium may be used as an ignition source for thermite, an otherwise difficult to ignite mixture of aluminium and iron oxide powder. [PAR] Magnesium compounds are typically white crystals. Most are soluble in water, providing the sour-tasting magnesium ion Mg2+. Small amounts of dissolved magnesium ion contribute to the tartness and taste of natural waters. Magnesium ion in large amounts is an ionic laxative, and magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) is sometimes used for this'}, 'question': {'What highly flammable metal, easy to ignite when powdered, producing a brilliant white light, and difficult to extinguish, being able to burn in both nitrogen and carbon dioxide, was used in incendiary weapons for firebombing cities in World War II and as a source of illumination in the early days of photography?'}}

['magnesium compounds' 'magnesium ribbon' 'mg2' 'magnesium']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Gee JonGee Jon (c. 1895 – February 8, 1924) was a Chinese national who was the first person in the United States to be executed by lethal gas. A member of the Hip Sing Tong criminal society from San Francisco, California, Gee was sentenced to death for the murder of an elderly member from another gang in Nevada. An unsuccessful attempt to pump poison gas directly into his cell at Nevada State Prison led to the development of the gas chamber. [PAR] Background [PAR] Gee Jon was born of Cantonese descent in China around 1895. He immigrated to the United States between 1907 and 1908 and spent most of his life at San Francisco\'s Chinatown in California. Gee became a member of the Hip Sing Tong society, which dealt in narcotics and liquor. In 1922, territorial disputes with the rival Bing Kong Tong society led to the outbreak of hostilities. [PAR] Death of Tom Quong Kee [PAR] Tom Quong Kee was a 74-year-old laundry proprietor who was a member of the Bing Kong Tong in Mina, Nevada. Hughie Sing, his American-educated apprentice of two years, pointed Kee out as a target for Gee. During the night of August 27, 1921, Gee knocked on the door of Kee\'s residence while armed with a Colt .38 revolver. Gee fatally shot Kee, who answered the door in his pajamas. Unlike many other Tong killings, Gee and Sing were apprehended. [PAR] Trial and sentencing [PAR] Gee and Sing were defended by attorneys James M. Frame and Fiore Raffetto. Gee and Sing were both convicted and sentenced to death in the District Court of Mineral County, Nevada. However, Sing\'s sentence was commuted to life imprisonment because he was only nineteen years old and Gee had committed the shooting itself. A bill authorizing the use of lethal gas had passed the Nevada State Legislature in 1921, making Gee eligible to become the first person to be executed by this method. Frame argued that Gee\'s sentence constituted cruel and unusual punishment, but his appeal was denied. The Supreme Court of Nevada instead complimented the state legislators for "inflicting the death penalty in the most humane manner known to modern science." Raffetto unsuccessfully filed a writ of certiorari with the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco, California. Gee was incarcerated in Nevada State Prison at Carson City. [PAR] Execution [PAR] The California Cyanide Company of Los Angeles, California, was the only distributor of liquid cyanide in the western United States and refused to deliver it to Carson City over liability concerns. The poison was used to eradicate pests from citrus groves in California. Warden Denver S. Dickerson sent his assistant Tom Pickett to Los Angeles to personally pick up 20 pounds of lethal gas, which was contained in a mobile fumigating unit that cost $700. Four guards who did not want to participate in the process had resigned. The officials first attempted to pump poison gas directly into Gee\'s cell while he was sleeping, but without success because the gas leaked from the cell. [PAR] A makeshift gas chamber was set up at the butcher shop of the prison. At least one cat was used to test the lethal effectiveness of the chamber. Gee was to be strapped onto a chair in the chamber, which was eleven feet long, ten feet wide, and eight feet high. A small window next to the wooden chair allowed witnesses to look inside. Attendees included news reporters, public health officials, and representatives of the U.S. Army. Gee wept as he was placed on the chair until the captain of the guards told him to "Brace up!" At 9:40\xa0a.m. on February 8, 1924, the pump sprayed four pounds of hydrocyanic acid into the chamber. The weather was cold and humid. Because an electric heater failed, the chamber was 52 degrees Fahrenheit instead of the ideal 75 degrees, causing some of the acid to form a puddle on the floor. Gee appeared to lose consciousness in about five seconds, with his head continuing to nod up and down for six minutes. He was completely motionless after ten minutes. Some of the witnesses momentarily thought they smelled the odor of almond blossoms,'}, 'question': {'Gee Jon. a member of the Hip Sing Tong criminal society from San Francisco, California, sentenced to death for the murder of an elderly member from another gang in Nevada, was the first person in the US to do what?'}}

['be executed by lethal gas']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Caligula, Ancestry, Assassination and aftermathCaligula, Ancestry, Assassination and aftermath [PAR] Caligula : biography [PAR] 31 August 12 - 24 January, 41 [PAR] While repeating the earlier stories, the later sources of Suetonius and Cassius Dio provide additional tales of insanity. They accuse Caligula of incest with his sisters, Agrippina the Younger, Drusilla, and Livilla, and say he prostituted them to other men.Cassius Dio, Roman History , ; Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula . They state he sent troops on illogical military exercises,Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula . turned the palace into a brothel, and, most famously, planned or promised to make his horse, Incitatus, a consul,Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula ; Cassius Dio, Roman History . and actually appointed him a priest. [PAR] The validity of these accounts is debatable. In Roman political culture, insanity and sexual perversity were often presented hand-in-hand with poor government. [PAR] Assassination and aftermath [PAR] Caligula\'s actions as emperor were described as being especially harsh to the Senate, the nobility and the equestrian order.Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XIX.1.1. According to Josephus, these actions led to several failed conspiracies against Caligula.Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula ; Tacitus, Annals 16.17; Josephus, Antiquities of Jews XIX.1.2. Eventually, a successful murder was planned by officers within the Praetorian Guard led by Cassius Chaerea.Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XIX.1.3. The plot is described as having been planned by three men, but many in the Senate, army and equestrian order were said to have been informed of it and involved in it.Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XIX.1.10, XIX.1.14. [PAR] According to Josephus, Chaerea had political motivations for the assassination.Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XIX.1.6. Suetonius sees the motive in Caligula calling Chaerea derogatory names.Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula . Caligula considered Chaerea effeminate because of a weak voice and for not being firm with tax collection.Seneca the Younger, On Firmness xviii.2; Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XIX.1.5. Caligula would mock Chaerea with names like "Priapus" and "Venus".Seneca the Younger, On Firmness xviii.2; Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula . [PAR] On 24 January 41, Chaerea and other guardsmen accosted Caligula while he was addressing an acting troupe of young men during a series of games and dramatics held for the Divine Augustus.Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula . Details on the events vary somewhat from source to source, but they agree that Chaerea was first to stab Caligula, followed by a number of conspirators.Seneca the Younger, On Firmness xviii.2; Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula ; Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XIX.1.14. Suetonius records that Caligula\'s death was similar to that of Julius Caesar. He states that both the elder Gaius Julius Caesar (Julius Caesar) and the younger Gaius Julius Caesar (Caligula) were stabbed 30 times by conspirators led by a man named Cassius (Cassius Longinus and Cassius Chaerea).Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula , . [PAR] The cryptoporticus (underground corridor) where this event would have taken place was discovered beneath the imperial palaces on the Palatine Hill. by Richard Owen, 17 October 2008. Retrieved 2010-03-05. By the time Caligula\'s loyal Germanic guard responded, the emperor was already dead. The Germanic guard, stricken with grief and rage, responded with a rampaging attack on the assassins, conspirators, innocent senators and bystanders alike.Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XIX.1.15; Suetonius, Life of Caligula . [PAR] The Senate attempted to use Caligula\'s death as an opportunity to restore the Republic.Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XIX.2. Chaerea attempted to convince the military to support the Senate.Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XIX.4.4. The military, though, remained loyal to the office of the emperor. The grieving Roman people assembled and demanded that Caligula\'s murderers be brought to justice.Tacitus, Annals XI.1; Josephus, Antiquities'}, 'question': {'Cassius Chaerea led the assassination of which Roman emperor during the Palatine games in January 41AD?'}}

['caligula' 'gaius caesar augustus germanicus' 'gaius caligula' 'emperor gaius']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Wizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (Movie Clip) Over The RainbowWizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (Movie Clip) Over The Rainbow [PAR] You will receive an email shortly to confirm your email address. [PAR] Wizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (Movie Clip) Over The Rainbow [PAR] title details and video sharing options [PAR] now playing [PAR] Wizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (Movie Clip) Over The Rainbow [PAR] Still in the not-color opening in Kansas, worried Dorothy (Judy Garland) expresses Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg's famous song, in The Wizard Of Oz, 1939. [PAR] View the TCMDb entry for The Wizard of Oz (1939) [PAR] share video [PAR] Wizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (Movie Clip) Over The... [PAR] Still in the not-color opening in Kansas, worried Dorothy... [PAR] Wizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (Movie Clip)... [PAR] Wizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (Movie Clip) Over The Rainbow [PAR] Still in the not-color opening in Kansas, worried Dorothy (Judy Garland) expresses Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg's famous song, in The Wizard Of Oz, 1939.> [PAR] Wizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (1949 Re-issue... [PAR] Wizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (1949 Re-issue Trailer) [PAR] Wizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (1949... [PAR] Wizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (1949 Re-issue Trailer) [PAR] A Kansas farm girl dreams herself into a magical land where she must fight a wicked witch to escape in The Wizard of Oz (1939), starring Judy Garland.> [PAR] Wizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (Movie Clip) Bang On... [PAR] Dorothy (Judy Garland) and the Scarecrow (Ray Bolger)... [PAR] Dorothy (Judy Garland) and the Scarecrow... [PAR] Wizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (Movie Clip) Bang On My Chest [PAR] Dorothy (Judy Garland) and the Scarecrow (Ray Bolger) discover the Tin Man (Jack Haley) during an apple fight with the talking trees, in MGM's The Wizard Of Oz, 1939.> [PAR] Wizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (Movie Clip)... [PAR] Dorothy (Judy Garland) and Toto arrive at the farmhouse just... [PAR] Wizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (Movie Clip)... [PAR] Wizard of Oz, The (1939) -- (Movie Clip) We're Not In Kansas Anymore [PAR] Dorothy (Judy Garland) and Toto arrive at the farmhouse just as the cyclone is approaching, Victor Fleming directing and A. Arnold Gillespie's special effects transporting them, in The Wizard Of Oz, 1939.> [PAR] Houston Post Contest Winners - (A Short Subject) [PAR] Houston Post Contest Winners [PAR] Contest winners tour MGM studios and... [PAR] Houston Post Contest Winners - (A Short Subject) [PAR] In late 1938, contest winners tour MGM studios and visit the set of The Wizard Of Oz including Buddy Ebsen, then cast as the Tin Man.> [PAR] Wizard Of Oz, The (1939) -- (Movie Clip) If I Only... [PAR] Just begun following the yellow brick road, Dorothy (Judy... [PAR] Wizard Of Oz, The (1939) -- (Movie Clip)... [PAR] Wizard Of Oz, The (1939) -- (Movie Clip) If I Only Had A Brain [PAR] Just begun following the yellow brick road, Dorothy (Judy Garland) meets the Scarecrow (Ray Bolger) who has Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg's If I Only Had A Brain all ready, in The Wizard Of Oz, 1939.> [PAR] A. Arnold Gillespie -- (Movie Promo) Friday Night... [PAR] Promo for TCM's Friday Night Spotlight for April, 2015,... [PAR] A. Arnold Gillespie -- (Movie Promo)... [PAR] A. Arnold Gillespie -- (Movie Promo) Friday Night Spotlight [PAR] Promo for TCM's Friday Night Spotlight for April, 2015, Academy Award winners Ben Burtt and Craig Barron join Ben Mankiewicz for a salute to special effects wizard"}, 'question': {'"Who played Dorothy in the 1939 movie ""The Wizard of Oz""?"'}}

['judy garland']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Charles Atlas | American bodybuilder | Britannica.comCharles Atlas | American bodybuilder | Britannica.com [PAR] American bodybuilder [PAR] Paolo Soleri [PAR] Charles Atlas, original name Angelo Siciliano (born Oct. 30, 1892, Acri, Calabria , Italy —died Dec. 24, 1972, Long Beach , N.Y., U.S.), Italian-born American bodybuilder and physical culturist who, with Frederick Tilney and Charles P. Roman, created and marketed a highly popular mail-order bodybuilding course. [PAR] Charles Atlas, 1938. [PAR] Hulton Archive/Getty Images [PAR] In 1904 Angelo Siciliano immigrated to the United States with his mother and settled in Brooklyn, N.Y. Skinny and weak, he suffered beatings by a neighbourhood bully and his uncle. The statues of Hercules and other mythological heroes that he saw in a local museum inspired him to build his body. Too poor to afford barbells, he devised a system, later called Dynamic-Tension, that pitted one muscle group against another. Neighbourhood friends soon started likening him to a statue of Atlas . This association was then combined with the nickname “Charley” to form the name by which he eventually became famous. [PAR] With his newfound muscles and confidence, Atlas joined the circus-vaudeville circuit and appeared in Coney Island sideshows, where he performed a variety of strongman feats. He also worked as an artist’s model for many sculpted works of classic American heroes on public buildings in New York City , Washington, D.C., and Cleveland, Ohio, and he won such titles as the World’s Most Handsome Man and the World’s Most Perfectly Developed Man at contests staged by physical culturist Bernarr Macfadden at Madison Square Garden in 1921 and 1922, respectively. [PAR] Charles Atlas. [PAR] Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Assisted by Tilney, an English naturopath, Atlas employed Dynamic-Tension principles to develop a mail-order course that was the basis for a multimillion-dollar bodybuilding business. Then in 1928, in partnership with Roman, he conducted one of the most-celebrated advertising campaigns in American history. Slogans such as “You can have a body like mine” were accompanied by photographs of the muscular Atlas clad in a leopard breechclout. The most famous image, however, was that of the 97-pound weakling who, after having sand kicked in his face at the beach, employs Dynamic-Tension to build a herculean physique and to challenge the beach bully. For generations, comic books and men’s magazines have carried Atlas’s advertisements, making his name synonymous with manly strength and muscular development. [PAR] Charles Atlas.[DOC] [TLE] Phrases related to the body - meaning and origin.Phrases related to the human body [PAR] Search | Phrase Dictionary | Phrases related to the body [PAR] Phrases related to the human body [PAR] Famous Last Words [PAR] Browse phrases beginning with: [PAR] A bear of very little\xa0brain\xa0 [PAR] A bird in the\xa0hand\xa0is worth two in the bush\xa0 [PAR] A chip on his\xa0shoulder\xa0 [PAR] A\xa0finger\xa0of Fudge is just enough to give your kids a treat ( Cadbury's advertising slogan )\xa0 [PAR] A\xa0foot\xa0in both camps\xa0 [PAR] A\xa0hair\xa0up your ass\xa0 [PAR] A\xa0head\xa0for business and a body for sin\xa0 [PAR] A healthy mind in a healthy body\xa0 [PAR] A lump in the\xa0throat\xa0 [PAR] A man after my own\xa0heart\xa0 [PAR] A room without books is like a body without a soul ( Marcus Tullius Cicero quotation )\xa0 [PAR] A\xa0shoulder\xa0to cry on\xa0 [PAR] A viper in your\xa0bosom\xa0 [PAR] Able\xa0bodied\xa0 [PAR] Absence makes the\xa0heart\xa0grow fonder\xa0 [PAR] Acid\xa0head\xa0 [PAR] Always have your\xa0nose\xa0in a book\xa0 [PAR] Ample\xa0bosom\xa0 [PAR] An albatross round his\xa0neck\xa0 [PAR] An army marches on its\xa0stomach\xa0 [PAR] An eye for an eye, a\xa0tooth\xa0for a\xa0tooth\xa0 [PAR] Ankle\xa0biter\xa0 [PAR] As busy as a one legged\xa0arse\xa0kicker\xa0 [PAR] As cold as a well digger's\xa0arse\xa0 [PAR] As crooked as a dog's hind\xa0leg\xa0 [PAR] As cute as a bug's\xa0ear\xa0 [PAR] As fine as frog's\xa0hair\xa0 [PAR]"}, 'question': {'"Which famous American bodybuilder had the advertising slogan ""You too can have a body like mine""?"'}}

['angelo siciliano' 'charles atlas']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Libra Daily Horoscope (Honest & Accurate!) - Zodiac FireLibra Daily Horoscope (Honest & Accurate!) - Zodiac Fire [PAR] Read More [PAR] About the Libra sign... [PAR] The Libra is the seventh sign on the zodiac and it belongs to those born\xa0any time between September 22nd and October 23rd. The Libra sign is represented by a set of scales which represent justice, balance and harmony… all of which play a huge part in the overall Libra personality. [PAR] Positive traits and attributes that are commonly associated with the Libra personality include being kind, compassionate, thoughtful, observant, laid back and extremely open minded. They’re also known for being quite social in nature and they have a very charming and affectionate side to them that\xa0draws others towards them. [PAR] On the\xa0flip side\xa0however Libra can also be known to be an escapist who can be flighty at times and downright hard to pin down.\xa0They can have a tough time coming to a final decision and have a bad habit of over thinking things and putting too much pressure onto themselves which only leads to stress and worry. [PAR] Share It![DOC] [TLE] Libra - The Scales - Astrology - The White GoddessLibra - The Scales - Astrology - The White Goddess [PAR] Libra, the seventh sign of the zodiac, is shown as a woman holding a pair of scales. Libra is a Masculine, Cardinal Air sign. [PAR] Libra - The Scales - Astrology - The White Goddess [PAR] Home � Divination � Astrology � Libra - The Scales [PAR] Libra - The Scales [PAR] Libra - The Scales - 23 September - 22 October [PAR] A Masculine, Cardinal Air sign. [PAR] Libra, the seventh sign of the zodiac, is shown as a woman holding a pair of scales. The 13th century Cathedral of Chartres in France, on a column to the south of the 'astrological door' is a small carving of the symbol of Libra. One of the zodiacal sculptures by Benedetto Antelami, depicts a man holding a set of scales. [PAR] The Egyptian symbol for Libra, showed a disc above a bowl like form, said to represent the setting Sun above the Earth. More importantly, the space between the Sun and Earth represents the airy realm of Libra. It is this space that exists between the male principle and the female, that the impulse of Libra is trying to bridge. [PAR] Correspondences [PAR] American Indian: Sturgeon, Salmon Animal: Elephant [PAR] Birthstone: Emerald, Beryl, Opal [PAR] Element: 2nd of three air signs [PAR] Flower: Lily [PAR] Hawaiian: MAHOE HOPE - Gourd Scales [PAR] Indian (Sanskrit): Tula - The Scales [PAR] Metal: Brass [PAR] Quality: 3rd of four cardinal signs [PAR] Roman: Themis [PAR] Weapon: The Cross [PAR] Characteristics [PAR] Libra is the seventh sign of the zodiac; it is cardinal and air. Libra is the diplomat or negotiator of the zodiac. The symbol for Libra is the scales, always balancing two opposing options. Libra does so well at seeing both sides of a question that it sometimes has difficult deciding which option to choose. Libra is concerned with harmonious relationships between people. Representing this idea, the ruling planet is Venus. [PAR] Egyptian symbol for Libra, showing the [PAR] Sun above the Earth. The enclosed space [PAR] denotes Air, the realm of Libra. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Hawaiian Astrology [PAR] MAHOE HOPE - Gourd Scales. In Hawaiian mythology is depicted similarly to the Scales in Greek mythology, the cardinal airy sign of the Statesman or Manager. [PAR] Celtic Tree Astrology [PAR] Cypress: 26/07 - 04/08 [PAR] ROWAN TREE (the Sensitivity) - full of charm, cheerful, gifted without egoism, likes to draw attention, loves life, motion, unrest, and even complications, is both dependent and independent, good taste, artistic, passionate, emotional, good company, does not forgive. [PAR] Beth-Luis-Nion Tree Alphabet : Gort (Ivy) September 30 to October 27 [PAR] Native American Medicine Wheel [PAR] The Crow/Raven September 22/October 23 [PAR] The Butterfly Clan[DOC] [TLE] Libra Sun Sign - Zodiac Signs - Article by Astrology.comLibra Sun Sign - Zodiac Signs - Article by Astrology.com [PAR] Libra Sun Sign - Zodiac Signs [PAR] BY ASTROLOGY.COM NOVEMBER"}, 'question': {'What sign of the zodiac is represented by a set of scales?'}}

['libra']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] G8 Facts for Kids | KidzSearch.comG8 Facts for Kids | KidzSearch.com [PAR] President Barack Obama [PAR] The Group of Eight (G8) is a group made up of Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , Russia (suspended), the United Kingdom and the United States . The European Commission is also represented in the committee . The group has conferences or meetings throughout the year, it researches policies , and has a summit meeting once a year. The heads of government of each G8 country attend the summit meeting. [PAR] Each year a different country takes over the presidency of the group for the duration of the year. The country that holds the presidency sets the agenda for the year and hosts the summit for that year. [PAR] David Cameron , the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, has indicated that the organization\'s official 2014 summit will not be held, which was previously planned to take place in Russia. [1] As of March 24, 2014, all seven member nations voted to suspend Russia from the G-8. [2] [3] [PAR] As of March 2014, The G8 will be called G7 since there are now seven leaders. [PAR] Contents [PAR] 3 Other websites [PAR] Overview [PAR] The G8 is not considered an international organization because it does not have administrative structure. This means that besides the president, there are no official titles for the members, they are all considered equal. Their meetings are not formal. The goal is to talk about global topics and problems in a relaxed manner. [PAR] There are many global problems and issues that can be discussed at meetings. Some common topics of discussion include: health , law enforcement , labor , economic and social development, energy , environment , foreign affairs , justice , terrorism , and trade . [PAR] Yearly summit [PAR] The annual meeting of G8 leaders is attended by the heads of government [4] and other invited guests. It is usually held for three days in the middle of the year. Each year one of the G8 countries is considered the G8 president. The country of the G8 presidency is responsible for organizing and hosting a summit during that year. The first summit meeting was held in November of 1975 in France. [5] [PAR] Date[DOC] [TLE] G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit - The Government of JapanG8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit [PAR] �ｿｽ@The Group of Eight (G8) Summit is an annual meeting attended by the leaders of the eight countries, namely, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, and the President of the European Commission. "Summit" in the strict sense means a leaders\' meeting, but it usually refers to a series of meetings which include those of foreign ministers and finance ministers that are held prior to the leaders\' meeting. [PAR] The host country of the Summit holds the G8 presidency for the entire calendar year. The Presidency carries out preparatory meetings and prepares for the Summit meeting, Foreign Ministers\' meeting and Finance Ministers\' meeting. Furthermore, the Presidency may call for emergency meetings as necessary in light of international situations at a given time. [PAR] In the past, Japan has assumed the G8 Presidency for four times, namely, in 1979, 1986, 1993, and 2000. In 2008, Japan will assume the Presidency for the fifth time and will hold the Summit in Hokkaido Toyako. [PAR] 3rd Day of the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit [PAR] On the final day of the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit, Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda continued discussions with the G8 leaders.[DOC] [TLE] BBC News - Profile: G8BBC News - Profile: G8 [PAR] Profile: G8 [PAR] Leaders of G8 countries aim to: [PAR] Boost cooperation over trade and finance [PAR] Strengthen the global economy [PAR] With no headquarters, budget or permanent staff, the Group of Eight is an informal but exclusive body whose members set out to tackle global challenges through discussion and action. [PAR] The G8 comprises seven of the world\'s leading industrialised nations, and Russia. [PAR] The leaders of these countries meet face-to-face at an annual summit that has become a focus of media attention and protest action. [PAR] The G8\'s roots lie in the'}, 'question': {'Where was the annual G8 leaders summit held in the year 2000?'}}

['japan']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz - eBooks @ AdelaideGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz [PAR] Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz [PAR] Biographical note [PAR] German philosopher, polymath and mathematician. He occupies a grand place in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathematics. He invented infinitesimal calculus independently of Newton, and his notation has been in general use since then. He also invented the binary system, the foundation of virtually all modern computer architectures. In philosophy, he is mostly remembered for optimism, i.e. his conclusion that our universe is, in a restricted sense, the best possible one God could have made. He was, along with René Descartes and Baruch Spinoza, one of the three greatest 17th-century rationalists and anticipates modern logic and analysis, but his philosophy also looks back to the scholastic tradition, in which logic was an important part. Leibniz also made major contributions to physics and technology, and anticipated notions that surfaced much later in biology, medicine, geology, probability theory, psychology, linguistics, and information science. He also wrote on politics, law, ethics, theology, history, philosophy and philology, even occasional verse. His contributions to this vast array of subjects are scattered in journals and in tens of thousands of letters and unpublished manuscripts. [PAR] Works[DOC] [TLE] Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents the Binary System ...Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents the Binary System - Computing History [PAR] Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents the Binary System [PAR] 1703 [PAR] Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents the Binary System [PAR] Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 1 July 1646\xa0 � 14 November 1716) was a German philosopher, polymath and mathematician who wrote primarily in Latin and French. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The modern binary number system was fully documented by Gottfried Leibniz in the 17th century in his article Explication de l'Arithm�tique Binaire. Leibniz's system used 0 and 1, like the modern binary numeral system. As a Sinophile, Leibniz was aware of the I Ching and noted with fascination how its hexagrams correspond to the binary numbers from 0 to 111111, and concluded that this mapping was evidence of major Chinese accomplishments in the sort of philosophical mathematics he admired [PAR] He occupies a grand place in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathematics. He invented infinitesimal calculus independently of Newton, and his notation has been in general use since then. He also invented the binary system, foundation of virtually all modern computer architectures. In philosophy, he is mostly remembered for optimism, i.e. his conclusion that our universe is, in a restricted sense, the best possible one God could have made. He was, along with Ren� Descartes and Baruch Spinoza, one of the three greatest 17th-century rationalists and anticipates modern logic and analysis, but his philosophy also looks back to the scholastic tradition, in which logic was an important part. Leibniz also made major contributions to physics and technology, and anticipated notions that surfaced much later in biology, medicine, geology, probability theory, psychology, linguistics, and information science. He also wrote on politics, law, ethics, theology, history, philosophy and philology, even occasional verse. His contributions to this vast array of subjects are scattered in journals and in tens of thousands of letters and unpublished manuscripts. As of 2009, there is no complete edition of Leibniz's writings. [PAR] \xa0[DOC] [TLE] Gottfried Wilhem von Leibniz - Psychology Wiki - WikiaGottfried Wilhem von Leibniz | Psychology Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Gottfried Wilhem von Leibniz [PAR] This article needs rewriting to enhance its relevance to psychologists.. [PAR] Please help to improve this page yourself if you can.. [PAR] Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (sometimes von Leibniz) 1 July 1646 – 14 November 1716 was a German mathematician and philosopher who wrote primarily in Latin and French. [PAR] He occupies a grand place in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathematics. He invented infinitesimal calculus independently of Newton, and his notation has been in general use since then. He also invented the binary system, the foundation of virtually all modern computer architectures. In philosophy, he is mostly remembered for optimism, e.g., his conclusion that our universe is, in a restricted sense, the best possible one God could have made. He was, along with René Descartes and Baruch Spinoza , one of"}, 'question': {'"Who invented infinitesimal calculus independently of Newton (and his notation has been in general use since then), invented the binary system, and promoted his philosophy of ""optimism"", that the universe is the best possible that God could have made?"'}}

['gottfried wilhelm leibniz' 'leibniz' 'gottfried leibniz']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] John Torrington Brown (1800 - 1859) - GenealogyJohn Torrington Brown (1800 - 1859) - Genealogy [PAR] John Torrington Brown [PAR] in Charlestown, Jefferson, West Virginia [PAR] Cause of death: [PAR] Hanged for abolitionist raid at Harpers Ferry [PAR] Place of Burial: [PAR] North Elba, Essex, New York, USA [PAR] Immediate Family: [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] John Brown, c.1856. [PAR] Torrington, Connecticut [PAR] Died December 2, 1859 (aged 59) [PAR] John Brown (May 9, 1800 – December 2, 1859) was an American abolitionist who advocated and practiced armed insurrection as a means to end all slavery. He led the Pottawatomie Massacre in 1856 in Bleeding Kansas and made his name in the unsuccessful raid at Harpers Ferry in 1859. [PAR] President Abraham Lincoln said he was a "misguided fanatic" and Brown has been called "the most controversial of all 19th-century Americans." His attempt in 1859 to start a liberation movement among enslaved African Americans in Harpers Ferry, Virginia electrified the nation. He was tried for treason against the state of Virginia, the murder of five proslavery Southerners, and inciting a slave insurrection and was subsequently hanged. Southerners alleged that his rebellion was the tip of the abolitionist iceberg and represented the wishes of the Republican Party. Historians agree that the Harpers Ferry raid in 1859 escalated tensions that a year later led to secession and the American Civil War. [PAR] Brown first gained attention when he led small groups of volunteers during the Bleeding Kansas crisis. Unlike most other Northerners, who still advocated peaceful resistance to the pro-slavery faction, Brown demanded violent action in response to Southern aggression. Dissatisfied with the pacifism encouraged by the organized abolitionist movement, he reportedly said "These men are all talk. What we need is action - action!" During the Kansas campaign he and his supporters killed five pro-slavery southerners in what became known as the Pottawatomie Massacre in May 1856, in response to the raid of the "free soil" city of Lawrence. In 1859 he led a raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (in modern-day West Virginia). During the raid, he seized the armory; seven people (including a free black) were killed, and ten or more were injured. He intended to arm slaves with weapons from the arsenal, but the attack failed. Within 36 hours, Brown\'s men had fled or been killed or captured by local farmers, militiamen, and U.S. Marines led by Robert E. Lee. Brown\'s subsequent capture by federal forces, his trial for treason to the state of Virginia, and his execution by hanging in Charles Town, Virginia were an important part of the origins of the American Civil War, which followed sixteen months later. [PAR] When Brown was hanged after his attempt to start a slave rebellion in 1859, church bells rang, minute guns were fired, large memorial meetings took place throughout the North, and famous writers such as Emerson and Thoreau joined many Northerners in praising Brown. [PAR] Historians agree John Brown played a major role in starting the Civil War. His role and actions prior to the Civil War, as an abolitionist, and the tactics he chose still make him a controversial figure today. He is sometimes memorialized as a heroic martyr and a visionary and sometimes vilified as a madman and a terrorist. While some writers, such as Bruce Olds, describe him as a monomaniacal zealot, others, such as Stephen B. Oates, regard him as "one of the most perceptive human beings of his generation." David S. Reynolds hails the man who "killed slavery, sparked the civil war, and seeded civil rights" and Richard Owen Boyer emphasizes that Brown was "an American who gave his life that millions of other Americans might be free." For Ken Chowder he is "at certain times, a great man", but also "the father of American terrorism." [PAR] Brown\'s nicknames were Osawatomie Brown, Old Man Brown, Captain Brown and Old Brown of Kansas. His aliases were Nelson Hawkins, Shubel Morgan, and Isaac Smith. Later the song "John Brown\'s Body" (the original'}, 'question': {"Which abolitionist was hung in 1859 for his role in the Harper's Ferry Raid and played a major role in starting the Civil War?"}}

['john brown']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] \'Notes on Nursing\' by Florence Nightingale, London ...\'Notes on Nursing\' by Florence Nightingale, London, England, 1860 [PAR] \'Notes on Nursing\' by Florence Nightingale, London, England, 1860 [PAR] Add image to my collection [PAR] When Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) returned from the Crimean War (1853-1856) she set about reforming nurse training and the Army Medical Services. She published \'Notes on Nursing: What it is and What it is not\' in 1860. The book gave advice on personal and patient cleanliness, bedding, and patient care, including food, light and noise levels. This example is a first edition. It is shown here with another work, The Organisation of Nursing (E2008.150.2).[DOC] [TLE] Florence NightingaleFlorence Nightingale, (; 12 May 1820\xa0– 13 August 1910) was a celebrated English social reformer and statistician, and the founder of modern nursing. [PAR] She came to prominence while serving as a manager of nurses trained by her during the Crimean War, where she organised the tending to wounded soldiers. She gave nursing a highly favourable reputation and became an icon of Victorian culture, especially in the persona of "The Lady with the Lamp" making rounds of wounded soldiers at night. [PAR] Some recent commentators have asserted Nightingale\'s achievements in the Crimean War were exaggerated by the media at the time, to satisfy the public\'s need for a hero. Nevertheless, critics agree on the decisive importance of her follow-up achievements in professionalising nursing roles for women. In 1860, Nightingale laid the foundation of professional nursing with the establishment of her nursing school at St Thomas\' Hospital in London. It was the first secular nursing school in the world, now part of King\'s College London. In recognition of her pioneering work in nursing, the Nightingale Pledge taken by new nurses, and the Florence Nightingale Medal, the highest international distinction a nurse can achieve, were named in her honour, and the annual International Nurses Day is celebrated around the world on her birthday. Her social reforms include improving healthcare for all sections of British society, advocating better hunger relief in India, helping to abolish prostitution laws that were over-harsh to women, and expanding the acceptable forms of female participation in the workforce. [PAR] Nightingale was a prodigious and versatile writer. In her lifetime, much of her published work was concerned with spreading medical knowledge. Some of her tracts were written in simple English so that they could easily be understood by those with poor literary skills. She also helped popularise the graphical presentation of statistical data. Much of her writing, including her extensive work on religion and mysticism, has only been published posthumously. [PAR] Early life [PAR] Florence Nightingale was born on 12 May 1820 into a rich, upper-class, well-connected British family at the Villa Colombaia, in Florence, Italy, and was named after the city of her birth. Florence\'s older sister Frances Parthenope had similarly been named after her place of birth, Parthenope, a Greek settlement now part of the city of Naples. The family moved back to England in 1821, with Nightingale being brought up in the family\'s homes at Embley, Hampshire and [PAR] Lea Hurst, Derbyshire. [PAR] Her parents were William Edward Nightingale, born William Edward Shore (1794–1874) and Frances ("Fanny") Nightingale née Smith (1789–1880). William\'s mother Mary née Evans was the niece of Peter Nightingale, under the terms of whose will William inherited his estate at Lea Hurst, and assumed the name and arms of Nightingale. Fanny\'s father (Florence\'s maternal grandfather) was the abolitionist and Unitarian William Smith. Nightingale\'s father educated her. [PAR] In 1838, her father took the family on a tour in Europe where he was introduced to the English-born Parisian hostess Mary Clarke, with whom Florence bonded. She recorded that "Clarkey" was a stimulating hostess who did not care for her appearance, and while her ideas did not always agree with those of her guests, "she was incapable of boring anyone." Her behaviour was said to be exasperating and eccentric and she had no respect'}, 'question': {'What book was published by Florence Nightingale in 1860?'}}

['notes on nursing']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] A007770 - OEISA007770 - OEIS [PAR] (Greetings from The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences !) [PAR] A007770 [PAR] Happy numbers: numbers whose trajectory under iteration of sum of squares of digits map (see A003132 ) includes 1. [PAR] 68 [PAR] 1, 7, 10, 13, 19, 23, 28, 31, 32, 44, 49, 68, 70, 79, 82, 86, 91, 94, 97, 100, 103, 109, 129, 130, 133, 139, 167, 176, 188, 190, 192, 193, 203, 208, 219, 226, 230, 236, 239, 262, 263, 280, 291, 293, 301, 302, 310, 313, 319, 320, 326, 329, 331, 338 ( list ; graph ; refs ; listen ; history ; text ; internal format ) [PAR] OFFSET[DOC] [TLE] happy number - Had2Know | MainWhat are "Happy Numbers" and "Unhappy Numbers?" [PAR] What are "Happy Numbers" and "Unhappy Numbers?" [PAR] Happy/Unhappy Number Checker [PAR] Enter a positive integer with at most 15 digits below: [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] In recreational mathematics, the so-called "happy numbers" and "unhappy numbers" are integers that produce particular sequences when you repeatedly square the number\'s digits and compute the sum of those squares. [PAR] One of two outcomes can occur when you apply this summation process over and over: (i) the sum will stabilize at 1, or (ii) the sum will stabilize in a loop that repeats forever. [PAR] Integers that stabilize at 1 are called "happy numbers" and integers that fall into the loop are called "unhappy numbers." [PAR] We explain how to determine whether an integer is happy or unhappy with examples below. You can also use the happy number checker on the left. Learning about square numbers and sequences through the happy integers can be a fun project for elementary school children. [PAR] Example 1: A Happy Number [PAR] The number 67121 is a happy number because its summation sequence stabilizes at 1. Observe: [PAR] 67121 ---- 62 + 72 + 12 + 22 + 12 = 36 + 49 + 1 + 4 + 1 = 91 [PAR] 91 -------- 92 + 12 = 81 + 1 = 82 [PAR] 82 -------- 82 + 22 = 64 + 4 = 68 [PAR] 68 -------- 62 + 82 = 36 + 64 = 100 [PAR] 100 ------ 12 + 02 + 02 = 1 + 0 + 0 = 1 [PAR] 1 --------- 12 = 1 [PAR] 1 --------- 12 = 1... [PAR] All of the happy numbers less than 200 are 1, 7, 10, 13, 19, 23, 28, 31, 32, 44, 49, 68, 70, 79, 82, 86, 91, 94, 97, 100, 103, 109, 129, 130, 133, 139, 167, 176, 188, 190, 192, and 193. [PAR] If a number is happy, then you can generate another happy number just by rearranging the digits and inserting 0\'s. For instance, since we determined that 67121 is happy, it implies that 72116, 1102076, 702611, etc are also happy numbers. [PAR] Example 2: An Unhappy Number [PAR] If a number\'s summation sequence does not stabilize at 1, then it stabilizes in this loop of 8 numbers: [PAR] ...4 -- 16 -- 37 -- 58 -- 89 -- 145 -- 42 -- 20 -- 4 -- 16 -- 37 -- 58... [PAR] For example, if we start with the number 34782, we will eventually repeate the cycle of numbers above. Watch: [PAR] 34782 ---- 32 + 42 + 72 + 82 + 22 = 9 + 16 + 49 + 64 + 4 = 142 [PAR] 142 ------- 12 + 42 + 22 = 1 + 16 + 4 = 21 [PAR] 21 -------- 22 + 12 = 4 + 1 = 5 [PAR] 5 ---------- 52 = 25 [PAR] 25 -------- 22 + 52 = 4 + 25 = 29 [PAR] 29 -------- 22 + 92 = 4 + 81 = 85 [PAR] 85 -------- 82 + 52 = 64 + 25 = 89'}, 'question': {'What is the next number in the sequence 1, 7, 10, 13, 19, 23, 28, 31, 32, 44, 49, 68, 70, 79, 82, 86, 91, 94, 97, 100, 103, 109, 129, 130 ... ?'}}

['133']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Ralph Slatton\'s Intro to PrintsRalph Slatton\'s Intro to Prints [PAR] Glossary of Printmaking Terms: (additional references) [PAR] "It is better to know the right words, than to shout in a conversation." - Rufus E. Slaynen -1907 [PAR] Dry Point - is a form of intaglio process. Lines are scratched into the surface of a plate, then inked and printed. The lines have a blurry or soft character. [PAR] Etching - or line etch is an intaglio process. Lines are scribed into the surface of an acid resist, like asphaltum. The open areas will then etch in acid. [PAR] Engraving - is an intaglio process of cutting lines in the plate using a burin. The plate is inked and printed. The lines are characteristically crisp and mechanical. [PAR] Linocut - [PAR] Deckled Edge - The rough edge of handmade paper, caused by pulp seeping between the mould and the deckle: often left as ornamentation in fine books and writing papers. This is also simulated by tearing the paper edges as opposed to cutting. [PAR] Copperplate Zerkall Paper - is mouldmade with good natural deckles. It is 25% cotton, 75% sulphite blend. It is a waterleaf paper, meaning that it has no sizing (starch), allowing it to give good tonal detail for aquatints. It is not the best paper for lines, but is adquate and economical for intalio printing in this class. to prepare the paper, you should spray until moist. Print on the side that is concave when dry. Allow the paper to dry for about 10 minutes before taping it to the stretching boards. [PAR] Stonehenge Paper - is a traditional fine art paper with a smooth, flawless surface that\'s slightly mottled to resemble actual vellum. Use it for watercolor, printmaking, pen-and-ink, pencil or pastel. Stonehenge is machine-made in the USA from 100% cotton fibers. It is used only for relief printing in this class. It does not have a special side to print. For relief, it is not dampened, but is printed dry. [PAR] Tarlatans - is a starched, open-weave fabric, much like cheese cloth. It is used to wipe the ink off a plate during the intaglio inking process. The open weave allows for the tarlatan to pick up a large quantity of ink. The stiffness imparted by the starch helps prevent the fabric from taking the ink out of the incised lines. [PAR] Bevel - describes the tapered edges of a printmaking plate. Prior to printing, a plate must be filed to a 45 degree angle. This protects the paper and blanket from being cut by the sharp edges of a metal plate. [PAR] Imboss Vs. Deboss - Embossing and debossing are processes of pressing paper into relief using heat and force. To tell the difference, the imboss is when the design raises the surface of the paper, whereas the deboss presses the design into the surface of the paper. [PAR] Stopout - is a coating applied to any area of the printmaking plate, preventing acid from etching the metal. The more common stopouts in our shop are asphaltum and varnish. Asphaltum is removed by mineral spirits and varnish is removed by denatured alcohol. More innovated stopouts are wax and acryllic, used for their safer properties. Acryllics are removed by household ammonia. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] page [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] 4 [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Webmaster: Ralph Slatton is Professor in charge of printmaking at East Tennessee State University, where he had also served as former Chair and printmaker of Art and Design.[DOC] [TLE] Appendix:Glossary of textile manufacturing terms - WiktionaryAppendix:Glossary of textile manufacturing terms - Wiktionary [PAR] Appendix:Glossary of textile manufacturing terms [PAR] Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary [PAR] Jump to: navigation , search [PAR] The manufacture of textiles is one of the oldest of man\'s technologies . In order to make textiles, the first requirement is a source of fiber from which a yarn can be made, primarily by spinning . (Both fibre and fiber are used in this article.) The yarn is processed by knitting or weaving , which turns'}, 'question': {'What is a starched, open-weave fabric, much like cheese cloth, that is used to wipe the ink off a plate during the intaglio inking process?'}}

['huckaback' 'shoddy' 'tarlatan' 'gante']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Fujita Scale - Tornado Wiki - WikiaFujita Scale | Tornado Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers [PAR] Wikia is not accessible if you’ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. [PAR] The Fujita scale (F-Scale), or Fujita-Pearson scale, is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists (and engineers) after a ground and/or aerial damage survey; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns (cycloidal marks), radar tracking, eyewitness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry/videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. [PAR] F0 40-72 mph Light Damage, some damage to chimneys, branches broken off trees. [PAR] F1 73-112 mph Moderate Damage, mobile homes overturned, cars pushed off the road. [PAR] F2 113-157 mph Considerable Damage, mobile homes demolished, roofs torn off homes. [PAR] F3 158-206 mph Severe Damage, roofs and some walls destroyed, large trees lifted. [PAR] F4 207-260 mph Devestating Damage, well constructed homes leveled, cars thrown. [PAR] F5 261-318 mph Incredible Damage, strong homes lifted off foundations and thrown, trees debarked. [PAR] The Fujita Scale was supported for rating tornadoes until 2007, and was replaced by the Enhanced Fujita Scale in 2007. However, the old Fujita scale is still used in the rest of the world.[DOC] [TLE] Finger Of God - Twister - YouTubeFinger Of God - Twister - YouTube [PAR] Finger Of God - Twister [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Nov 18, 2014 [PAR] The Fujita scale (F-Scale), or Fujita–Pearson scale, is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists and engineers after a ground or aerial damage survey, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns (cycloidal marks), radar tracking, eyewitness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry or videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. The F-Scale was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) in the United States in February 2007. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Introduction - Hurricane and Tornado-Resistant Concrete HousesIntroduction | Hurricane and Tornado-Resistant Concrete Houses [PAR] F4 [PAR] F5 [PAR] The Fujita scale (F-Scale), or Fujita-Pearson scale, is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists and engineers after a ground or aerial damage survey, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns (cycloidal marks), radar tracking, eyewitness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry or videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. The F-Scale was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF-Scale) in the United States in February 2007. [PAR] The scale was introduced in 1971 by Tetsuya Fujita of the University of Chicago, in collaboration with Allen Pearson, head of the National Severe Storms Forecast Center (currently the Storm Prediction Center). The scale was updated in 1973, taking into account path length and width. In the United States, starting in 1973, tornadoes were rated soon after occurrence. The Fujita scale was applied retroactively to tornadoes reported between 1950 and 1972 in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Tornado Database. Fujita rated tornadoes from 1916-1992 and Tom Grazulis of The Tornado Project'}, 'question': {'What scale is used for rating tornado intensity, based on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation?'}}

['fujita scale']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] St David, the patron saint of Wales - Historic UKSt David, the patron saint of Wales [PAR] By\xa0 Ben Johnson \xa0 | \xa0 Comments [PAR] March 1st is St. Davids Day, the national day of Wales and has been celebrated as such since the 12th Century. Today the celebrations usually involve the singing of traditional songs followed by a Te Bach , a tea with bara brith (famous welsh fruited bread) and teisen bach (welsh cake). Young girls are encouraged to wear national costume and leeks or daffodils are worn, being the national symbols of Wales. [PAR] So who was St. David (or Dewi Sant in Welsh)? Actually not too much is known about St David except from a biography written around 1090 by Rhygyfarch, son of the Bishop of St. Davids. [PAR] David was reputedly born on a cliff top near Capel Non (Non's chapel) on the South-West Wales coast during a fierce storm. Both his parents were descended from Welsh royalty. He was the son of Sandde, Prince of Powys, and Non, daughter of a chieftain of Menevia (now the little cathedral town of St David's ). The site of Davids birth is marked by the ruins of a tiny ancient chapel close to a holy well and the more recent 18th century chapel dedicated to his mother Non can still be seen near St. David's Cathedral. [PAR] St. Davids Cathedral ©Visit Britain [PAR] In medieval times it was believed that St David was the nephew of King Arthur. Legend has it that the patron saint of Ireland, St. Patrick - also said to have been born near the present day city of St. Davids - forsaw the birth of David in approximately 520AD. [PAR] The young David grew up to be a priest, being educated at the monastery of Hen Fynyw under the tutorage of St. Paulinus. According to legend David performed several miracles during his life including restoring Paulinus' sight. It is also said that during a battle against the Saxons, David advised his soldiers to wear leeks in their hats so that they could easily be distinguished from their enemies, which is why the leek is one of the emblems of Wales ! [PAR] A vegetarian who ate only bread, herbs and vegetables and who drank only water, David became known as Aquaticus or Dewi Ddyfrwr (the water drinker) in Welsh. Sometimes, as a self-imposed penance, he would stand up to his neck in a lake of cold water, reciting Scripture! It is also said that milestones during his life were marked by the appearance of springs of water. [PAR] Becoming a missionary David travelled throughout Wales and Britain and even made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem where he was consecrated bishop. He founded 12 monasteries including Glastonbury and one at Minevia (St. Davids) which he made his bishops seat. He was named Archbishop of Wales at the Synod of Brevi (Llandewi Brefi), Cardiganshire in 550. [PAR] Monastery life was very strict, the brothers having to work very hard, cultivating the land and pulling the plough. Many crafts were followed - beekeeping, in particular, was very important. The monks had to keep themselves fed as well as provide food and lodging for travellers. They also looked after the poor. [PAR] St David died on 1 March 589A.D., at Minevia, allegedly over 100 years old. His remains were buried in a shrine in the 6th century cathedral which was ransacked in the 11th century by Viking invaders , who plundered the site and murdered two Welsh bishops. [PAR] St. David - Patron Saint of Wales [PAR] After his death, his influence spread far and wide, first through Britain and then by sea to Cornwall and Brittany. In 1120, Pope Callactus II canonised David as a Saint. Following this he was declared Patron Saint of Wales. Such was Davids influence that many pilgrimages were made to St. David's, and the Pope decreed that two pilgrimages made to St. Davids equalled one to Rome while three were worth one to Jerusalem. Fifty churches in South Wales alone bear his name. [PAR] It is not certain how much of the history of St. David is fact and how much is mere speculation. However in 1996 bones were found in St. David's Cathedral"}, 'question': {'Who is the patron saint of Wales?'}}

['st david']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Port of Messina - Messina, Sicily - Italy - ItalyGuides.itPort of Messina - Messina, Sicily - Italy - ItalyGuides.it [PAR] Port of Messina [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Port of Messina [PAR] The Port of Messina, which has remained almost completely unchanged throughout the centuries, maintaining its natural form, is the widest berth in Sicily . [PAR] Though its vocation as a commercial port has waned, in the past it received and sheltered vessels of any tonnage from windy or adverse sea conditions. Today, though not a trading port, it is a refueling station for sea going vessels. [PAR] The city has been known for centuries as the doorway to Sicily , and its livelihood now depends largely on tourists visiting not only Messina, but the entire Island. [PAR] Privacy policy [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] All rights are reserved. No part of any material on this web site may be reproduced, or stored in a database or retrieval system, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the ComPart Multimedia srl. [PAR] Individual students and scholars are permitted to use material on the website for the purpose of personal study and scholarship provided that the foregoing strictures are not violated and the proper acknowledgements are given. [PAR] If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond " fair use ", you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. [PAR] © 2017 - ItalyGuides.it is a copyright of ComPart Multimedia[DOC] [TLE] Messina Travel History - Best of Sicily - Messina and the ...Messina Travel History - Best of Sicily - Messina and the Peloritan Mountains [PAR] Related pages: Ancient & Medieval History • Timeline • Charybdis • Coasts • Bridging the Strait • Greeks • Romans • Byzantines • Normans [PAR] Ancient Zancle (so-called for the sickle shape of its harbor) existed as a native Sicilian settlement before the arrival of the Greeks in 756 BC. Expanded to form a thriving port city during the Greek colonization of Sicily, Messina remained prominent for centuries. The Romans recognized its strategic importance. To the Saracens, who never controlled much of Calabria, it was the northern and eastern limit of a Muslim dominion. To the Normans, Messina was an essential foothold in their conquest of the island during the eleventh century, though their first ships actually landed at a point on the Ionian coast south of the city in the middle of the night. [PAR] In mythology, Scylla and Charybdis threatened the intrepid Odysseus at the Strait of Messina, which Hercules swam and the Argonauts sailed. [PAR] Throughout the Middle Ages, Messina was the most important port of departure for European knights on their way to the Crusades, effectively a major waypoint or stopover. Such a Crusade prompted the visit of Richard the Lionheart and King Philip II of France [PAR] in 1190. Generally ignored by historians is the fact that the two monarchs and their crusader knights sacked Messina on that occasion. Messina remained the second most important city of Sicily until the seventeenth century, when its position was challenged by Catania. There were fleeting periods when Messina\'s economic and political power rivaled that of Palermo. [PAR] The twelfth-century Norman-Arab style of the Church of the Annunciation of the Catalans (Annunziata dei Catalani), on Via Garibaldi near Via Cesare Battisti, differs from the architecture of the other Norman-Arab churches in Sicily. Its exterior is more Byzantine than those of most of the other churches. [PAR] Messina has often been associated with its disasters. The bubonic plague was brought to Europe on a ship that arrived in Messina, and several earthquakes have destroyed parts of the city over the centuries. The most destructive was that of 1908. The Allied bombardment of 1943 earned Messina the nickname "The City of Ghosts" because many residents sought safety in the outlying towns. [PAR] In their haste to see other sights, visitors often overlook Messina, whose reconstructed Norman cathedral is its most famous sight. Before describing that majestic church, we would like to introduce you to another one that is historically important but often ignored. [PAR] The Church of Santa Maria Alemanna (Saint Mary of the Germans) stands in isolation a few blocks'}, 'question': {'On which island is the port of Messina?'}}

['sicily']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Dizzy Gillespie and His Bent Trumpet | At the Smithsonian ...Dizzy Gillespie and His Bent Trumpet | At the Smithsonian | Smithsonian [PAR] Dizzy Gillespie and His Bent Trumpet [PAR] On this day in 1917, one of the most influential and unconventional American jazz musicians was born [PAR] October 21, 2011 [PAR] "Dizzy" Gillespie\'s trademark "Silver Bell" trumpet. Photo courtesy American History Museum [PAR] Dizzy Gillespie was one of the most influential and well-known jazz musicians of all-time. Born John Birks Gillespie on this day in 1917, he pioneered a number of jazz subgenres and became internationally famous for his legendary ability on the trumpet, his trademark “balloon cheeks,” and his playful stage presence. [PAR] But the most lasting symbol of his remarkable career may well be his signature “bent” trumpet —and the story of how the American History Museum got its hands on one of these unusual instruments is just as unconventional as Gillespie himself. [PAR] “In 1985, I was a new, fresh curator and I wanted to start collecting in the area of jazz,” says John Edward Hasse , a music curator at the museum. “I wrote Gillespie a letter, at his home address in New Jersey, inviting him to become part of the Smithsonian by donating a trumpet that he no longer played. Weeks and months went by, and no response.” [PAR] A colleague suggested to Hasse that he try writing Gillespie’s wife, Lorraine, instead. “Four days after sending the letter, this great big box arrives at the museum by UPS!” Hasse says. “In it is his trumpet and a specially built trumpet case to accommodate this unusual shape, with travel stickers from France and various parts of the world. I could hardly believe it.” [PAR] Typically, Hasse says, the donation process involves a number of planning steps, including arranging special shipping and extremely careful packing. “This just came in like ‘boom!’” [PAR] Hasse chose Gillespie as one of the musicians to build the Smithsonian’s jazz collection because of his remarkable influence on music. His career spanned seven decades and was instrumental in popularizing jazz for American mainstream audiences, as well as creating and expanding the genre to incorporate elements of other types of music. [PAR] Gillespie\'s"Balloon Cheeks," during a 1988 performance. Photo by Pino Alpino [PAR] As a young man, while playing in Cab Calloway’s Big Band at the Cotton Club in Harlem, Gillespie met a Cuban-American trumpeter and became interested in creating fusions of Afro-Cuban music with Jazz. “He then wrote several Latin-tinged compositions, such as ‘A Night in Tunisia,’ and ‘Manteca,’” Hasse says. “He was responsible, perhaps more than any other jazz musician, for making Latin rhythms an important part of American jazz music.” [PAR] Gillespie also pioneered a popular subgenre of jazz: bebop. During a musician’s recording strike in the early 1940s, he and Charlie Parker and a number of other musicians in Harlem were exploring this new approach.\xa0 “When the recording ban was finally lifted in 1944, and the new style emerged on records, it jarred a lot of listeners, because it just seemed to emerge from nowhere,” Hasse says. “In 1945, he started making these recordings that really set musicians on their ears, pieces such as ‘Groovin’ High,’ ‘Hot House,’ ‘Salt Peanuts,’ and the tune that gave the music its name ‘Bebop.’” [PAR] By this time, Gillespie had already become one of the most beloved jazz artists in the county, easily identified by his pouched cheeks, which were a result of the muscles he’d built up over years of playing. “He was an amazing virtuoso on his instrument, playing faster and higher than just about anybody,” Hasse says. “He was also an irrepressible entertainer, with a winning stage personality and ability to connect with the audience.” [PAR] But it wasn’t until 1953 that, by happenstance, he acquired his final visual trademark. “Somebody fell accidentally on Gillespie’s trumpet as it was standing up on a trumpet stand'}, 'question': {'"Which jazz musician was known for his voluminous cheeks and ""bent"" trumpet?"'}}

['bent trumpet' 'dizzy gillespie' 'john birks gillespie']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Statue of the footballer Stanley Matthews - Stoke-on-Trent ...Statue of the footballer Stanley Matthews [PAR] Statue of the footballer Stanley Matthews [PAR] located at the Britannia Stadium - the Stoke City football ground [PAR] Former England manager Kevin Keegan, helped Sir Stanley\'s daughter, Jean Gough, [PAR] take the wraps off at Stoke City\'s Britannia Stadium on Saturday 27th October 2001. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Matthews was born February 1st 1915 in a terraced house in Seymour Street, Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire. He was the third of four sons born to local boxer Jack Matthews (aka The Fighting Barber of Hanley). [PAR] The first professional footballer to be knighted - Sir Stanley Matthews was the most renowned player of modern times. [PAR] His professional career covered some 33 years. When he retired in 1965 -aged 50 - he had made nearly 700 League appearances for Stoke City and Blackpool and had played for England 84 times, including two appearances for Great Britain. [PAR] In total, Matthews made 54 official England appearances scoring 11 goals (as well as 29 unofficial wartime appearances with 2 goals). His England career is the longest of any player ever to play for the side, stretching from his debut on 29 September 1934 to his last appearance on 15 May 1957, almost 23 years later, an appearance which, as of 2006, makes him the oldest player ever to appear for England. [PAR] In 1956, Matthews won the first-ever European Footballer of the Year (Balon d\'Or) award, and the following year was awarded a CBE in the New Year\'s honours list. [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Sir Stanley Matthews CBE 1915-2000 [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The three nine-foot statues were made by local artists, showing Sir Stanley at different stages of his career, which spanned more than 30 years. [PAR] The final resting place for the statues was Stoke City\'s new home Britannia Stadium. However, the statues point towards the club\'s old Victoria Ground, where Sir Stanley played. [PAR] The statues themselves were fashioned from local clay before being cast. The creation of the statues took a whole year to complete. [PAR] \xa0[DOC] [TLE] worldxi.comworldxi.com [PAR] Stoke City, Blackpool [PAR] 1933-57 [PAR] A an often-under appreciated but offensively devastating player, Stanley Matthews was known for his fast feet, precise dribbling skills, and pinpoint passing that left opposing fullbacks wondering what had just passed them. Known as the "Wizard of Dribble", his skills were so great that it prolonged his career beyond the usual footballer and spanned 3 decades. He ruled the 30s and 40s as the greatest outside right in the world. Knighted for contributions to the game, his crowning achievements were leading Blackpool 1953 to the FA Cup in what was known as "Matthews Final", and being named the first European Footballer of the year in 1956. [PAR] CAPS[DOC] [TLE] Sir Stanley Matthews\' birth marked 100 years on - BBC NewsSir Stanley Matthews\' birth marked 100 years on - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Sir Stanley Matthews\' birth marked 100 years on [PAR] 31 January 2015 [PAR] Image copyright Getty Images [PAR] Image caption Sir Stanley Matthews, seen playing against Brazil in 1956, gained 54 England caps [PAR] Events have been held at Stoke City to mark the 100th anniversary of football legend Sir Stanley Matthews\' birth. [PAR] He played almost 700 games for Stoke and Blackpool and gained 54 England caps before retiring from professional football in 1965, aged 50. [PAR] His children, Jean Gough and Stanley Jnr, gave the match ball to referee Mike Dean at the match with Queens Park Rangers ahead of Sunday\'s anniversary. [PAR] A march also took place involving more than 500 children. [PAR] \'Special talent\' [PAR] Sir Stanley\'s family members led the group in The Matthews March, while there were features about one of England\'s most acclaimed footballers on a big screen at the Britannia Stadium. [PAR] Born in Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent, on 1 February'}, 'question': {'Which Stoke City, Blackpool and England player was the first European Footballer of the Year in 1956?'}}

['sir stanley matthews' 'stanley matthews']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Tintin Movies Collection - DVD - Madman EntertainmentTintin Movies Collection - DVD - Madman Entertainment [PAR] Tintin Movies Collection [PAR] "Hergé\'s finest. A great adventure with expert precision." [PAR] AMAZON.COM [PAR] Series Details: Contains 3 episodes [PAR] Release Date: 02/06/2010 [PAR] Subtitles: English, Hard of Hearing subtitles [PAR] Number of Discs: 3 [PAR] Format: DVD, Region 4 PAL [PAR] Catalogue Number: MMA5060 [PAR] Genre: Action & Adventure [PAR] THE ADVENTURES OF TINTIN The Calculus Affair L’AFFAIRE TOURNESOL A 1964 film by Raymond LeBlanc Strange things are happening in the evening at Marlinspike Hall. Windows, glass, mirrors and vases break without any apparent reason. Professor Calculus, somewhat apathetic to the whole series of events, leaves the following day to attend a conference on nuclear physics in Geneva. Foreign powers get wind of Calculus’ work and send one of their agents to investigate. Sensing danger, Tintin, Snowy, Captain Haddock and the detectives Thomson and Thompson go to Professor Calculus’ aide - but what exactly will they find in Switzerland? This full length animated film is based on the classic graphic novel of the same name by Hergé....\xa0 More » [PAR] THE ADVENTURES OF TINTIN [PAR] L’AFFAIRE TOURNESOL [PAR] A 1964 film by Raymond LeBlanc [PAR] Strange things are happening in the evening at Marlinspike Hall. Windows, glass, mirrors and vases break without any apparent reason. Professor Calculus, somewhat apathetic to the whole series of events, leaves the following day to attend a conference on nuclear physics in Geneva. [PAR] Foreign powers get wind of Calculus’ work and send one of their agents to investigate. Sensing danger, Tintin, Snowy, Captain Haddock and the detectives Thomson and Thompson go to Professor Calculus’ aide - but what exactly will they find in Switzerland? [PAR] This full length animated film is based on the classic graphic novel of the same name by Hergé. [PAR] THE ADVENTURES OF TINTIN [PAR] LE TEMPLE DU SOLEIL [PAR] A 1969 film by Raymond LeBlanc [PAR] A team of explorers discover the tomb of Rascar-Capac and are subsequently all victim of a mysterious illness that puts them to sleep. In trying to solve the mystery, Professor Calculus is kidnapped and taken to Peru. Tintin and Captain Haddock, determined to find their friend, set off on an adventure across Europe and South America. [PAR] This full length animated film is based on the books The Seven Crystal Balls and Prisoners of the Sun by Hergé. [PAR] THE ADVENTURES OF TINTIN[DOC] [TLE] The Adventures of Tintin: "Tintin and the Explorers on the ...The Adventures of Tintin: "Tintin and the Explorers on the Moon" - Comics series 17 by Herge | NOOK Book (eBook) | Barnes & Noble® [PAR] Overview [PAR] The original comics book of Tintin by Herge. Series 17. [PAR] "Tintin and the Explorers on the Moon", published in 1954, is the seventeenth of The Adventures of Tintin. Its original French title is On a marché sur la Lune ("We walked on the Moon"). It is the second of a two-part adventure begun in Destination Moon. [PAR] This Tintin comic series created by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. The story was serialised weekly in Belgium\'s Tintin Comics magazine from October 1952 to December 1953 before being published in a collected volume by Casterman Comics magazine in 1954. Completing a story arc begun in the preceding volume, Destination Moon (1953), the narrative tells of the young reporter Tintin, his dog Snowy, and friends Captain Haddock, Professor Calculus, and Thomson and Thompson who are aboard humanity\'s first manned rocket mission to the Moon. [PAR] The story in this series: [PAR] Explorers on the Moon series 17 continues from Destination Moon series 16, beginning with Professor Calculus taking Tintin, Snowy, Captain Haddock and Frank Wolff to the Moon in his new rocket. However, the detectives Thomson and Thompson come up from the hold, having mistaken the time of the launch and were left on board while carrying out the final security check, putting the expedition at risk due to the new strain on the oxygen supply, designed for four people and Snowy and now forced to accommodate six humans.The expedition remains fraught with difficulties. The Thompsons accidentally turn off the nuclear'}, 'question': {'What series of books would you go to to read about Snowy, Captain Haddock, Professor Calculus and Thomson and Thompson?'}}

['adventures of tintin']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Lightning Types and Classifications - Storm HighwayLightning Types and Classifications [PAR] Positive Cloud-to-Ground Lightning [PAR] Cloud-to-Ground Lightning - Positive [PAR] A lightning discharge between cloud and ground initiated by a downward-moving, positively-charged leader. Abbreviated "+CG". Positive CGs are less common than negative CGs, and usually are associated with supercell thunderstorms and trailing stratiform precipitation regions behind squall lines. Positive cloud-to-ground lightning strikes can be identified visually and in photographs by their distinctive lack of branching (positive CGs occasionally will have branching at higher altitudes, but rarely near the ground). [PAR] Positive CGs usually consist of only one return stroke, which is typically very bright and intense relative to other lightning activity in a storm. It is common for photographs of positive CGs to be overexposed unless the photographer has stopped the lens down significantly. Thunder from a positive CG is typically very loud, and many times sounds like a series of deep, low-frequency sonic booms. [PAR] Sprites (see below) are usually associated with the more intense positive CGs. [PAR] Intracloud Lightning [PAR] Intracloud Lightning [PAR] The most common type of discharge - lightning inside a single storm cloud, jumping between different charge regions in the cloud. Intracloud lightning is sometimes called sheet lightning because it lights up the sky with a \'sheet\' of light. All or parts of the actual channel may be obscured inside the cloud, and may or may not be visible to an observer on the ground. Not to be confused with cloud-to-cloud lightning. [PAR] Anvil Crawler [PAR] Anvil Crawlers [PAR] Anvil Crawlers are horizontal, tree-like, in-cloud lightning discharges whos leader propagation is resolvable to the human eye. In other words, the anvil crawler\'s movement is slow enough (compared to most lightning discharges) that a human observer or normal-speed video camera can see its rapid motion across the sky. This type of lightning (sometimes referred to as \'crawlers\' or \'rocket lightning\') often cover very large distances, resulting in vast, spectacular sky-filling discharges. [PAR] Anvil crawlers are often very high-altitude events, and as such typically result in soft, rolling thunder due to their great distance from the observer. The name \'anvil crawler\' is derived from the visible \'crawling\' motion and their tendency to appear along the underside of the anvil portions of a thunderstorm. Anvil crawlers can either occur independently completely within the cloud, or in connection with a cloud-to-ground discharge. Click the images below to enlarge [PAR] Bolt from the Blue [PAR] Bolt from the Blue [PAR] A bolt from the blue (sometimes called \'anvil lightning\' or \'anvil-to-ground\' lightning) is a name given to a cloud-to-ground lightning discharge that strikes far away from its parent thunderstorm. A \'bolt from the blue\' typically originates in the highest regions of a cumulonimbus cloud, traveling horizontally a good distance away from the thunderstorm before making a vertical descent to earth. Due to the final strike point being a significant distance from the storm (sometimes up to ten miles away), these lightning events can occur at locations with clear \'blue\' skies overhead - hence the name. [PAR] While many \'bolts from the blue\' are positive flashes, some are not. [PAR] Cloud-to-Air Lightning [PAR] Cloud-to-Air Lightning [PAR] Referring to a discharge (or a portion of a discharge) jumping from a cloud into clear air. Technically speaking, all cloud-to-ground lightning strikes contain \'cloud-to-air\' components in the many branches that extend away from the main channel and terminate abruptly in mid-air. However, the most visually dramatic examples of cloud-to-air lightning occur when a long, bright lightning channel jumps out of the side of a cumulonimbus cloud and terminates in the clear air surrounding the storm. [PAR] Bead Lightning [PAR] Bead Lightning [PAR] Bead Lightning is a name given to the decaying stage of a lightning channel in which the luminosity of the'}, 'question': {'Ball, fork and sheet are all types of what?'}}

['return stroke' 'lightning discharge' 'lightning discharges' 'ribbon lightning' 'lightning' 'bead lightning' 'sheet lightning' 'anvil crawler']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Arctic Monkeys make chart history - BBC NewsBBC NEWS | Entertainment | Arctic Monkeys make chart history [PAR] Arctic Monkeys make chart history [PAR] Arctic Monkeys have had two number one singles [PAR] The first album from indie band Arctic Monkeys has become the fastest-selling debut album in UK chart history. [PAR] Whatever People Say I Am, That\'s What I\'m Not was released on 23 January and has sold more than 360,000 copies. [PAR] The Sheffield band\'s album is currently outselling the rest of the top 20 album chart combined. [PAR] A spokesman for music retailer HMV said: "In terms of sheer impact... we haven\'t seen anything quite like this since The Beatles." [PAR] Internet [PAR] He added: "In the space of just a few weeks the Arctic Monkeys have gone from being relative newcomers to becoming a household name." [PAR] Arctic Monkeys built up their fan base on the internet, after demo CDs they handed out at gigs in 2003 were put on the web for other people to hear. [PAR] They were eventually signed by independent record label Domino Records. [PAR] Arctic Monkeys have already had two number one singles in the UK with I Bet You Look Good On The Dancefloor and last week with When The Sun Goes Down. [PAR] Pulp singer Jarvis Cocker, who is also from Sheffield, told the BBC the Arctic Monkeys\' success was a lesson for the music industry. [PAR] Jarvis Cocker said Arctic Monkeys\' success was \'real\' [PAR] "I think it\'s very important because they\'ve done it without trying," he said. [PAR] "The only reason people have got into it [the music] is because they\'ve listened to it and they like it, so it\'s something real. [PAR] "I guess all the music industry will probably think \'how can we emulate that or what can we do?\' [PAR] "I think there\'s nothing they can do about it because it\'s something that has happened naturally, there\'s no way to apply spin doctorism to it." [PAR] Arctic Monkeys easily beat Richard Ashcroft\'s latest album Keys To The World which sold 75,000 copies - a total that would have normally guaranteed the top spot. [PAR] But they were denied simultaneous number ones in both the singles and album charts after When The Sun Goes Down was knocked off the number one spot by Notorious BIG, Diddy and Nelly with Nasty Girl. [PAR] Other singles in the top ten include X-Factor winner Shayne Ward, The JCB song by folk-pop duo Nizlopi, and 1980s band A-Ha with their new entry Analogue (All I Want).[DOC] [TLE] Arctic Monkeys make UK chart history - theguardian.comArctic Monkeys make UK chart history | UK news | The Guardian [PAR] Arctic Monkeys make UK chart history [PAR] \'Rough and energetic\' ... Arctic Monkeys [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] The Arctic Monkeys completed their transformation from underground heroes to bona fide rock stars last night as their album became the fastest selling debut in British chart history. [PAR] The quartet\'s Whatever People Say I Am, That\'s What I\'m Not, secured 363,735 over-the-counter sales during the first week of release. Downloads from online stores are likely to push the opening sales beyond 400,000 - although these sales have not been included in the tally. [PAR] Manufactured pop group Hear\'Say previously held the record for the fastest-selling debut in Britain with 306,631. [PAR] The Arctic Monkeys\' mammoth sales are particularly impressive because January is traditionally a month of low record sales, and pirate copies of the album were leaked online last month. [PAR] The Sheffield four-piece, who got together after they were given guitars for Christmas, have enjoyed a rapid rise after playing their first gigs in 2003. The reputations of singer Alex Turner, 19, guitarist Jamie Cook, 20, bassist Andy Nicholson, 19, and drummer Matt Helders, 19, spread online after they released their first songs on their website. [PAR] Their rough and energetic album, which features tales of working-class life, alcopops and prostitution, has drawn comparisons with The Clash and Oasis. [PAR] A comparison between sales of the Arctic Monkeys\' debut and that of Oasis highlights the impact made by the'}, 'question': {'Which album by the Arctic Monkeys was the fastest selling album in UK chart history?'}}

['whatever people say i am']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Portamento - englishgratis.comPortamento [PAR] Portamento [PAR] All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License \xa0 [PAR] Portamento [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Portamento is a musical term currently used to mean pitch bending or sliding, and in 16th century polyphonic writing refers to a type of musical ornamentation. [PAR] Pitch bending [PAR] In current usage, portamento is making a continuous "slide" up or down in frequency from a previous note, rather than a discrete change from one note to the next. This is most commonly encountered on string instruments, such as the guitar or violin, which can produce a continuous range of frequencies rather than being limited to the chromatic or diatonic scale, and impossible on a fixed-pitch instrument like the piano, without the use of extended technique. The trombone also produces quite effective portamento (referred to as a "smear"), as would any instrument with a slide, such as the slide whistle. Other wind instruments have a very limited capability to produce this effect, and can portamento through only as wide a pitch range as can be affected by embouchure alone, which is often not more than a step, although many musicians, especially in jazz, learn how to perform long range portamentos by gradually exposing finger holes or valves. Listen, for instance, to the two-octave clarinet portamento in the opening of Rhapsody in Blue by George Gershwin. Machine timpani are unusual among percussion instruments in being able to be played whilst being tuned, allowing for portamento effects (often wrongly called "glissando" in this context). [PAR] The human voice is easily capable of portamento, however, this is often regarded as a defect in singing style ("missing the note"), rather than a deliberate feature of vocal music (a "vocal swoop"). [PAR] Portamento can often be generated automatically on synthesizers, where a parameter setting can be used to control the speed at which an oscillator moves to a new pitch. Often this parameter is called glide. Alternatively, portamento effects can be produced manually by a skilled player by the use of the pitch wheel at the side of most synthesizer keyboards. Synth lines with lots of portamento defined West Coast G funk of the mid 1990s, and continue to be a distinctive part of electronic music today, as well as progressive rock music (see Dream Theater\'s Jordan Rudess.) [PAR] In MIDI sequencing, portamento can be generated by using a channel message that creates a sliding effect by smoothly changing pitch from the last note played to the pitch of the currently playing note. [PAR] Ornamentation [PAR] In 16th century style, portamento is an anticipation figure, occurring on the off-beat of strong beats in the music (e.g. beats 1 and 3 in four-four time). The portamento resolves stepwise, almost always downward. It may occur either once or multiple times in succession. [PAR] In multi-voice polyphony, the portamento figure is normally consonant. This embellishment is frequently found ornamenting suspensions, though almost never at the final cadence. [PAR] See also [PAR] A glissando is a similar effect to portamento which moves in discrete steps; for example, dragging a finger over the keys of the piano. [PAR] Vibrato is a repetitive smooth change in pitch that occurs in rapid cycles. [PAR] References [PAR] Gauldin, Robert (1985). A Practical Approach to Sixteenth-Century Counterpoint. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. [PAR] Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portamento"[DOC] [TLE] Glossary of Native American Flute TermsGlossary of Native American Flute Terms [PAR] Glossary of Native American Flute Terms [PAR] and Related Musical Terms [PAR] This glossary provides definitions, background information, and explanations for terms that relate to the Native American flute and its music. Some of the entries are common terms currently used in the Native American'}, 'question': {'Which musical term denotes a slide in pitch which moves in discrete steps, such as dragging a finger over the keys of the piano?'}}

['glissando']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] All I need to make a comedy is a park, a policeman and a ...All I need to make a comedy is a park, a policeman and a pretty girl - Charlie Chaplin Quotes [PAR] Charlie Chaplin Quotes [PAR] All I need to make a comedy is a park, a policeman and a pretty girl [PAR] All I need to make a comedy is a park, a policeman and a pretty girl. [PAR] Charlie Chaplin[DOC] [TLE] All I need to make a comedy is a park, a policeman and a ...All I need to make a comedy is a park, a policeman and a pretty girl. - Charlie Chaplin - BrainyQuote [PAR] All I need to make a comedy is a park, a policeman and a pretty girl. [PAR] Find on Amazon: Charlie Chaplin [PAR] Cite this Page: Citation[DOC] [TLE] All I need to make a comedy is a park, a policeman and a ...All I need to make a comedy is a park, a policeman and a pretty girl. [PAR] Died: December 25, 1977 (aged 88) [PAR] Nationality: English [PAR] Occupation: Actor [PAR] Bio: Sir Charles Spencer Charlie Chaplin was an English comic actor, film director and composer best known for his work during the silent film era. He became the most famous film star in the world before the end of World War I.[DOC] [TLE] All I need to make a comedy is a park, a policeman and a ...All I need to make a comedy is a park, a policeman and a pretty girl... - Quote [PAR] Conversation [PAR] A bit about Charlie Chaplin ... [PAR] Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin, Jr, KBE, (April 16, 1889 December 25, 1977) was a British born, actor, the most famous actor in early to mid Hollywood cinema era, and also a notable director. His principal character was "The Tramp": a vagrant with the refined manners and dignity of a gentleman who wears a tight coat, oversized pants and shoes, a derby or bowler hat, a bamboo cane, and his signature toothbrush moustache. Chaplin was one of the most creative personalities in the silent film era; he acted in, directed, scripted, produced, and eventually scored his own films. [PAR] These people bookmarked this quote:'}, 'question': {'"Who said ""All I need to make a comedy is a park, a policeman and a pretty girl""?"'}}

['charlie chaplin']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Download free Us State Capital Map Games - hotbackupDownload free Us State Capital Map Games - hotbackup [PAR] hotbackup [PAR] 0 Comments [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] United States Map | US States Map with Capitals. About United States of America\xa0. One of the most populated and powerful countries in the world, the United States of America is the third largest country, with a total land area of about 9,8. The United States is situated between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The nation's capital is�Washington DC.�. With a population of about 3. [PAR] United States�is also the third most populous country in the world. Almost 7. 9% of the entire American population lives in urban areas. New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston and Phoenix are the five most populated cities of the United States. While the United States is a diverse nation, the majority of Americans are descended from European immigrants, and African Americans are the largest minority group, followed by Asian Americans. The United States is a federation of fifty states and one federal district, Washington, District of Colombia. Forty- eight of the fifty states make up the contiguous United States, and Alaska, while still part of the�North American �continent, is separated from the lower forty- eight by Canada. The fiftieth state, which entered the union most recently, is Hawaii, a chain of islands located in the Pacific Ocean. [PAR] The United States also possesses five major unincorporated overseas territories: Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands in the Caribbean, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific.\xa0List of 5. States with Nickname and Capital\xa0State. Capital. Abbreviation. Nickname. Became a state. [PAR] Alabama. Montgomery. ALHeart of Dixie. [PAR] Dec 1. 4, 1. 9Alaska. Juneau. AKThe Last Frontier. Jan 3, 5. 9Arizona. [PAR] Phoenix. AZGrand Canyon State. Feb 1. 4, 1. 2Arkansas. Little Rock. ARThe Natural State. Jun 1. 5, 3. 6California. Sacramento. CAThe Golden State. [PAR] Sep 9, 5. 0Colorado. Denver. COCentennial State. Aug 1, 7. 6Connecticut. Hartford. CTConstitution State. [PAR] Jan 9, 8. 8Delaware. Dover. DEThe First State. Dec 7, 8. 7Florida. Tallahassee. FLSunshine State. [PAR] Mar 3, 4. 5Georgia. Atlanta. GAPeach State. Jan 2, 8. 8Hawaii. [PAR] United States is a federal union of 50 states. At 3.79 million square miles and with over 313.9 million people in 2012, the United States of America is the third. US map puzzle to learn the US states and capitals. Put together the states and capitals on the map of the United States. Fun and educational. United States of America Capitals Map Game Learn The Capitals of Each State. [PAR] Can you name the US state capitals? You're not logged in! Compare scores with friends on all Sporcle quizzes. [PAR] Honolulu. HIAloha State. Aug 2. 1, 5. 9Idaho. Boise. IDGem State. Jul 3, 9. 0Illinois. [PAR] Springfield. ILPrairie State. Dec 3, 1. 8Indiana. Indianapolis. INHoosier State. Dec 1. 1, 1. 6Iowa. Des Moines. IAHawkeye State. [PAR] Dec 2. 8, 4. 6Kansas. Topeka. KSSunflower State. Jan 2. 9, 6. 1Kentucky. Frankfort. KYBluegrass State. Jun 1, 9. 2Louisiana. [PAR] Baton Rouge. LAPelican State. Apr 3. 0, 1. 2Maine. Augusta. MEPine Tree State. Mar 1. 5, 2. 0Maryland. Annapolis. MDOld Line State. Apr 2. 8, 8. 8Massachusetts. [PAR] Boston. MAThe Bay State. Feb 6, 8. 8Michigan. Lansing. MIThe Great Lakes State. [PAR] Jan 2. 6, 3. 7Minnesota. St. Paul. MNNorth Star State. May 1. 1, 5. 8Mississippi. [PAR] Jackson. MSMagnolia State. Dec 1. 0, 1. 7Missouri. Jefferson City. MOShow- Me State. [PAR]"}, 'question': {'What is the capital of the US state of Alaska?'}}

['juneau' 'capital of alaska']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Why Barry Bonds is baseball\'s all-time best player ...Why Barry Bonds is baseball\'s all-time best player. | Sports on Earth [PAR] Barry Bonds, shown here in 2002, was intentionally walked 688 times in his career -- and pitchers that didn\'t walk him often regretted it. (Getty Images) [PAR] Best. Not greatest: best. [PAR] I want no part of the word "greatest." This time of year it barely even means anything outside of whatever post-hoc definition is needed to support other arguments. If we\'re going to talk about Barry Bonds\'s place in baseball history, let\'s kick "greatest" to the same curb where we left "most valuable" a few weeks back and focus instead on best, which in relation to sports we can take to mean "demonstrating the absolute highest standard of performance and ability in his field, both in relation to his contemporaries and his historical predecessors." [PAR] We\'re also going to use the word "player" here not only to differentiate Bonds from the guys who throw off a mound for a living but to avoid the word "hitter," as there are few things I\'m less interested in doing than debating whether or not Ted Williams hitting .400 or Pete Rose having 4256 career hits means either of them were the best "pure hitter" of all time. "Pure hitting," or what scouts call the contact tool, is just one facet of the skillset a batter brings to the plate. Obviously neither Williams nor Rose were slouches in the other two primary aspects of hitting -- discipline and power -- but their contact tools were what made both players legends. [PAR] First things first: I\'m throwing Babe Ruth out of this discussion altogether. Not only does he have some significant value tied up in pitching, but he played his entire career in the pre-integration era, and I think that\'s a significant strike against the relative quality of the league in that era. Now, is that Ruth\'s fault? No, it\'s not. Does it matter that it\'s not Ruth\'s fault? Not even slightly. Comparing players from the various post-integration, post-expansion eras is hard enough without trying to shoehorn in a guy who played in a whites-only league with half the teams. Ruth is being removed from consideration not because he\'s unqualified, but because there\'s no good-faith way to truly compare him to Barry Bonds. Ted Williams is going to be collateral damage here too, since his career straddled integration and ended two years before expansion began. [PAR] Some might find it problematic to toss two of the most highly regarded players in the history of the sport aside so quickly, but it\'s necessary when considering the evolution of the game and the industry. Baseball in the 1920\'s and 30\'s, when Ruth played, might as well be an entirely different sport taking place on an entirely different planet. With the advent of professionalism, the growth of the sport, and the inexorable forward march of technology, Major League Baseball in 2012 is a higher quality product with stronger, faster, healthier, and -- due to the immediate financial security of their jobs -- more focused players than it was 70 years ago. It\'s been so long, there\'s not really even anyone left to have nostalgia for that period of baseball history anymore. Hell, if I\'m nostalgic for anything it\'s the Steroid Era. I miss the dingers. [PAR] With Ruth and Williams consigned to history, we need to build a list of candidates from the remaining greats. If you trust Wins Above Replacement to provide a ballpark approximation of a player\'s career value, and I do, then the top five players since integration are Barry Bonds (158.1), Willie Mays (150.8), Hank Aaron (137.3), Alex Rodriguez (111.4), and Rickey Henderson (106.8). I think these are the right names in the right order; the only other guys over 100 WAR in that time frame are Mickey Mantle, Mike Schmidt, and Frank Robinson, and I\'m comfortable saying Rickey and Rodriguez are where they'}, 'question': {'Barry Bonds is an all-time great in what sport?'}}

['baseball']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Rick Stein’s Coast to Coast | Rick SteinRick Stein’s Coast to Coast | Rick Stein [PAR] Rick Stein’s Coast to Coast [PAR] Add your vote for this cookbook [PAR] 0 [PAR] About Rick Stein’s Coast to Coast [PAR] Publisher Web Link: http://www.eburypublishing.co.uk/ [PAR] Rick Stein’s passion for fresh, well-sourced food has taken him from continent to continent, across magnificent shorelines and to the very best produce the coast has to offer. From Fresh grilled cod with shellfish in garlic butter at the tip of St Ives, to Cured red duck breasts with melon, soy and pickled ginger in Sydney Harbour, this collection of over 130 recipes evokes all the pleasure and flavour associated with the coast. [PAR] Chapters are organised by region: healthy salads inspired by the Californian ocean, sumptuous starters fit for French cuisine, modern light lunches such as Japanese sashimi and Moroccan tagines, and main courses using fresh fruit, vegetables, fish, meat, poultry and game from the most fertile coastal regions in the world. [PAR] There are classic treats such as Toad-in-the-hole with porcini mushrooms and onion gravy, staple fish masterpieces such as Poached sea trout with sorrel hollandaise, and tasty favourites from your treasured holiday destinations: Seafood Paella, Goan Curry, Welsh Cawl and Clam Chowder. All this, plus a delicious range of puddings including Hot bread pudding with armagnac sauce, Lemon Possett and Poached pears with mulberries and mascarpone ice cream. [PAR] With brand-new recipes and a fresh design, Coast to Coast contains Rick Stein’s most popular dishes drawn from many years of travelling the culinary globe. Easy to follow and quick to inspire, this cookbook will bring all the flavour of the coast into the comfort of your own home. ( http://www.eburypublishing.co.uk/ ) [PAR] Author Information [PAR] About Rick Stein [PAR] Author Web Link: http://www.rickstein.com/ [PAR] Rick Stein is somewhat misleadingly labelled a ‘Celebrity Chef’. In fact, with his ex-wife Jill, he has four restaurants, a delicatessen, a patisserie, a seafood cookery school and forty hotel bedrooms in the small fishing port of Padstow on the north coast of Cornwall, which have developed over the past 34 years. Two of his sons are currently working in the business. The Seafood Restaurant had a major refurbishment in January 2008, the new look restaurant now includes a convivial seafood bar right in the middle. The latest enthusiasm has been taking over a pub. The Cornish Arms, a couple of miles outside Padstow at St Merryn, is definitely not a gastro pub but maintains a busy public bar for the locals and features dishes like fish pie, grilled cod with mushy peas and scampi in the basket. Rick has also become a joint partner in a hotel and restaurant at Mollymook about three and a half hours drive from Sydney in Australia. Rick Stein at Bannister’s has a menu similar to The Seafood Restaurant but celebrating the seafood of the south coast of New South Wales. [PAR] Rick attributes the success of all this to a simple observation “Nothing is more exhilarating than fresh fish simply cooked”. It was this enthusiasm for seafood that led him to make his first TV cookery series Taste of the Sea in 1995. Since then he has made eight more. The first four were exclusively about fish and shellfish. After which he made two series in Great Britain and Ireland about small food producers who value the taste and quality of what they grow or make above everything, who he called his Food Heroes. After this he set his sights on the food and cooking of France which he discovered on a leisurely voyage down the canals of Southern France on a canal barge. The series, French Odyssey, and the book which accompanied it, were extremely successful partly because everyone loves rural France from Bordeaux to Marseille and the produce, particularly in the little local country markets, is so good. [PAR] Rick and his producer David Pritchard enjoyed making the French series so much that they decided to carry on where they had left off, in Marseille, by setting out into the Mediterranean for a series of Mediterranean Escapes. This TV series and book has Rick journeying by ferry and Land Rover through Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Puglia, Majorca,'}, 'question': {'Raymond Blanc, Rick Stein and Graham Kerr are all associated with what activity?'}}

['cooking']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Angga GagaAngga Gaga [PAR] Angga Gaga [PAR] katy perry ngeluarin lagu baru... [PAR] sebenarnya lagu ini dikeluarkan beberapa bulan lagi rencananya tetapi sudah keburu dibocorkan oleh Katy Perry sendiri.... [PAR] judulnya "Firework"... [PAR] banyak yang mengira lagu ini dibuat karena Katy Perry mendukung kaum gay, berita ini pun sudah tersebar luas di dunia maya... [PAR] berikut lirik lagunya : [PAR] Do You Ever Feel Like A Plastic Bag [PAR] Drifting Through The Wind, Wanting To Start Again? [PAR] Do You Ever Feel, Feel So Paper Thin [PAR] Like A House Of Cards, One Blow From Caving In? [PAR] Do You Ever Feel Already Buried Deep? [PAR] Six Feet Under Screams But No One Seems To Hear A Thing [PAR] Do You Know That There\'s Still A Chance For You [PAR] \'Cause There\'s A Spark In You? [PAR] You Just Gotta Ignite The Light And Let It Shine [PAR] Just Own The Night Like The 4th Of July [PAR] \'Cause Baby, You\'re A Firework [PAR] Come On, Show \'em What You\'re Worth [PAR] Make \'em Go, Oh [PAR] As You Shoot Across The Sky [PAR] Baby, You\'re A Firework [PAR] Come On, Let Your Colors Burst [PAR] Make \'em Go, Oh [PAR] You\'re Gonna Leave \'em Falling Down [PAR] You Don\'t Have To Feel Like A Waste Of Space [PAR] You\'re Original, Cannot Be Replaced [PAR] If You Only Knew What The Future Holds [PAR] After A Hurricane Comes A Rainbow [PAR] Maybe You\'re Reason Why All The Doors Are Closed [PAR] So You Could Open One That Leads You To The Perfect Road [PAR] Like A Lightning Bolt, Your Heart Will Blow [PAR] And When It\'s Time, You\'ll Know [PAR] You Just Gotta Ignite The Light And Let It Shine [PAR] Just Own The Night Like The 4th Of July [PAR] \'Cause Baby You\'re A Firework [PAR] Come On, Show \'em What You\'re Worth [PAR] Make \'em Go, Oh [PAR] As You Shoot Across The Sky [PAR] Baby, You\'re A Firework [PAR] Come On, Let Your Colors Burst [PAR] Make \'em Go, Oh [PAR] You\'re Gonna Leave \'em Falling Down [PAR] Boom, Boom, Boom [PAR] Even Brighter Than The Moon, Moon, Moon [PAR] It\'s Always Been Inside Of You, You, You [PAR] And Now It\'s Time To Let It Through [PAR] \'Cause Baby You\'re A Firework [PAR] Come On, Show \'em What You\'re Worth [PAR] Make \'em Go, Oh [PAR] As You Shoot Across The Sky [PAR] Baby, You\'re A Firework [PAR] Come On, Let Your Colors Burst [PAR] Make \'em Go, Oh [PAR] You\'re Gonna Leave \'em Falling Down [PAR] Boom, Boom, Boom [PAR] Even Brighter Than The Moon, Moon, Moon [PAR] Boom, Boom, Boom [PAR] Even Brighter Than The Moon, Moon, Moon [PAR] Diposkan oleh[DOC] [TLE] Firework - Katy Perry - Your Song LyricsFirework - Katy Perry [PAR] Lyrics by: Katy Perry, Sandy Wilhelm Tor Erik Hermansen, Mikkel S. Eriksen, Ester Dean [PAR] Released: October, 2010 [PAR] Support This Artist. Download Her Music Now! [PAR] At the end of last month, Katy Perry released the third official single from her second studio album Teenage Dream. Firework is the title of this dance-pop single that is inspired by the novel “On The Road” written by Jack Kerouac and published in 1958 according said by the same artist. The music video was premiered at the middle in October through Vevo. The song has reached the peak position at #3 on Scotland and #5 on UK Singles Charts. It is a quite positive single, full of good energy. Katy Perry is proving that she is a good singer and songwriter with this new record full of more elaborated lyrics. [PAR] Do you ever feel like a plastic bag [PAR] Drifting throught the wind [PAR] Do you ever feel, feel so paper thin [PAR] Like a house of cards [PAR] One blow from caving in [PAR] Do you ever feel already buried deep [PAR] Six feet under scream [PAR] But no one seems to hear a thing [PAR] Do you know that there’s still a chance for you [PAR] Cause there’s a spark in you [PAR] You just gotta ignite the light [PAR] And let it shine [PAR] Like'}, 'question': {'"Who sang on a record released in November 2010, ""Boom boom boom, even brighter than the moon moon moon""?"'}}

['katy perry']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] I Whistle a Happy Tune"I Whistle a Happy Tune" is a show tune from the 1951 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, The King and I. It is sung by Anna Leonowens to her son Louis after the curtain rises on Act One of the musical, to persuade him not to be afraid as they arrive in Siam to serve the King. It is sung by the Governess. [PAR] Andy Williams released a version of the song on his 1958 album Andy Williams Sings Rodgers and Hammerstein.[DOC] [TLE] I Whistle a Happy Tune - Muppet Wiki - WikiaI Whistle a Happy Tune | Muppet Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] I Whistle a Happy Tune [PAR] 31,199pages on [PAR] Share [PAR] Ad blocker interference detected! [PAR] Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers [PAR] Wikia is not accessible if you’ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. [PAR] Music by [PAR] The King and I (musical) [PAR] Publisher [PAR] Williamson Music Co. [PAR] "I Whistle a Happy Tune", a song from The King and I about confronting one\'s fears, has been performed several times in a variety of Muppet productions. [PAR] The Land of Gorch [PAR] performed by Lily Tomlin and the Land of Gorch Muppets on the second season premiere of Saturday Night Live . Lily suggests they sing the song, only to discover that King Ploobis , Queen Peuta , Scred , Wisss , and the Mighty Favog can\'t whistle. The song peters out after the first verse, and Lily leaves the Muppets in their file cabinets, marking their last appearance on the show. [PAR] performed by Julie Andrews on episode 217 , as she tries to escape from several Muppet Monsters , including the Mutations , Sweetums , Timmy Monster , Doglion , a full-bodied Mean Mama , Blue Frackle , Green Frackle , Uncle Deadly , and Lenny the Lizard . It turns out that all they want is her autograph. [PAR] References [PAR] Telly Monster\'s " Muppetbook " profile for the 40th season of Sesame Street stated that one of his favorite songs is "Whistle a Happy Tune."[DOC] [TLE] The King and I | I Whistle A Happy Tune | video | song ...The King and I | I Whistle A Happy Tune | video | song | lyrics [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The King and I - I Whistle A Happy Tune video song [PAR] music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, performed by Marni Nixon (dubbing Deborah Kerr as Anna Leonowens) and Rex Thompson as Louis [PAR] Video is loading ... [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] I Whistle A Happy Tune lyrics [PAR] Whenever I feel afraid I hold my head erect And whistle a happy tune So no one will suspect I\'m afraid. While shivering in my shoes I strike a careless pose And whistle a happy tune And no one ever knows I\'m afraid. The result of this deception Is very strange to tell For when I fool the people I fear I fool myself as well! I whistle a happy tune And ev\'ry single time The happiness in the tune Convinces me that I\'m not afraid. Make believe you\'re brave And the trick will take you far. You may be as brave As you make believe you are You may be as brave As you make believe you are While shivering in my shoes I strike a careless pose And whistle a happy tune And no one ever knows, I\'m afraid. The result of this deception Is very strange to tell For when I fool the people I fear I fool myself as well! I whistle a happy tune And ev\'ry single time The happiness in the tune Convinces me that I\'m not afraid. Make believe you\'re brave And the trick will take you far. You may be as brave As you make believe you are. [PAR] Top Down Up Bottom [PAR] The King and I quotes [PAR] THE KING: When I sit, you sit. When I kneel, you kneel. Et'}, 'question': {'"The song ""I Whistle A Happy Tune"" is from which musical?"'}}

['king and i']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Uranus's Moon Oberon: A Cold Unknown WorldUranus's Moon Oberon: A Cold Unknown World [PAR] Uranus’s Moon Oberon: A Cold Unknown World [PAR] [adsense] [PAR] Uranus’s Moon Oberon [PAR] It is a world that remains only partly seen. A flying-probe took a few images as it shoots past the far-away satellite. From these paltry pictures we have garnered much of our present picture of the Uranus’s moon Oberon. [PAR] Uranus’s moon Oberon is the second largest moon of Uranus. Like many of the other satellites orbiting Uranus, Oberon is named after characters from Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream. [PAR] Uranus’s moon\xa0Oberon orbits Uranus at a distance of 584,000 kilometres (362,000 miles) taking roughly 13.5 days to complete one trip around the planet. The moon is a very cold world with temperatures as low as minus 203 degrees Celsius (minus 333 degrees Fahrenheit) [PAR] Uranus’s Moon Oberon: Violent Origins [PAR] It is thought that the moon was created from an accretion disk that was left over after Uranus’s formation. This field of debris coalesced over thousands of years and formed the satellite. Like the other Uranian moons, Uranus’s Oberon is composed mainly of nearly equal amounts of ice and solid rock. [PAR] Scientists believe that the moon has an icy mantle and an inner rocky core. There is considerable speculation as to whether or not there is a layer of liquid water present at the boundary between the core and the mantle. [PAR] Heavily Cratered Canyon Surface [PAR] From the 25 per cent that Voyager 2 mapped in sufficient detail scientists have noted two types of features on Uranus’s moon\xa0Oberon’s surface. These are canyons called chasmata and craters. Oberon’s surface is thought to be the most heavily cratered of all the Uranian satellites. In fact, it is almost saturated with craters which means that a new impact is likely to erase older impacts. [PAR] The largest canyon so far discovered on Uranus’s moon\xa0Oberon is Momur Chasma.\xa0Oberon’s canyons were created quite early in its history and are the result of tectonic activity when the moon expanded. [PAR] Uranus’s moon\xa0Oberon’s surface is pockmarked with scars from heavy impacts from both comets and asteroids.Unfortunately, only 40 per cent of the entire moon’s surface has been mapped. This was done by Voyager 2 in 1986 as the probe navigated its way past the planets on its long trip out of the Solar System. [PAR] However, just 25 per cent of the surface was mapped in sufficient detail as to allow geological mapping. The entire northern hemisphere was shrouded in darkness during Voyager 2’s mapping so its features are completely unknown. [PAR] One of the largest craters so far discovered on the moon’s surface is 210 kilometres (130 miles) across. [PAR] Uranus’s Moon Oberon: A Hostile Orbit [PAR] Uranus odd orbital tilt means that the Uranian moons are subject to extreme seasons. Each of the hemispheres of\xa0Uranus’s moon\xa0Oberon experience complete darkness and complete sunlight for 42 years at a time. [PAR] The moon is tidally locked, like our own\xa0 Moon . This means that one side continuously faces Uranus while the other always points away from the planet’s surface. [PAR] Like Titania , a substantial portion of the orbit of\xa0Uranus’s moon\xa0Oberon’s resides outside the magnetosphere of Uranus. This means that Oberon is bombarded by magnetospheric plasma. Nevertheless, the darkening of the trailing hemisphere, which is typical of the Uranian moon system, is not found on Oberon. [PAR] Scientists know this because of the density of the moon. One theory proposed for this departure from the other satellites is that the trailing hemisphere of Uranus’s moon\xa0Oberon has more water ice compared to its leading hemisphere. This is completely at odds with all the other Uranian satellites. [PAR] One theory proposed to explain this anomaly is impact gardening. Impact gardening is the creation of fine soil through heavy impacts. [PAR] A Liquid Ocean? [PAR] Uranus’s moon\xa0Oberon may have a liquid ocean at the core-mantle boundary. This is heavily reliant on there being enough of an anti-freeze material present to stop the water freezing. If the ocean does"}, 'question': {'Oberon is a moon of which planet?'}}

['uranus']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Madagascar: Island Country of the Indian Ocean | TravelCabMadagascar: Island Country of the Indian Ocean | TravelCab [PAR] Buzz [PAR] Madagascar: Island Country of the Indian Ocean [PAR] The islands of the Indian Ocean are as diverse in culture and history as the countries that surround and border the third largest ocean of the world.\xa0 From Comoros to Zanzibar (sorry, there was no major ‘A’ island), Africans, Asians, Middle Easterners, and Europeans have all migrated to the islands of the Indian Ocean and influenced the culture of each.\xa0 Early peoples of the Arab nations are thought to be some of the first explorers of the islands, although outrigger canoes from Borneo reached Madagascar very early along the historical timeline as well.\xa0 The Dutch, French, and British have all laid claim to various islands in the region, and the Portuguese explored the region as early as 1505, too.\xa0 Modern day Zanzibar is still known for the spices that flow through its port and Madagascar is home to animal species found nowhere else on Earth. [PAR] The Wildlife of Madagascar [PAR] Ring-tailed lemur in Madagascar. [PAR] As an island off the east coast of the continent of Africa, Madagascar, the fourth largest island in the world, sits fully in the Indian Ocean.\xa0 Considered the most bio-diverse place on the planet, 90% of the species that call the island home live nowhere else on Earth.\xa0 People first visited Madagascar as early as 2000 B.C.\xa0 However, the island wasn’t inhabited (by humans, at least) for almost 1700 more years.\xa0 The original settlers were from Borneo and were later joined by people from the African mainland also.\xa0 There are a good number of parks where you can visit and see some of the 70 species of lemurs. They are just one of the animals unique to Madagascar and some parks to consider seeing them in are Berenty, Andasibe-Mantadia, Ankarana Montagne d’Ambre, Kirindy, Ranomafana, and Masoala.\xa0 The lemurs are just one of five different families of primates that can be found nowhere else, too. [PAR] Other Places to Visit on the Island Nation [PAR] Typical of many islands, but still should not go unsaid, are the amazing beaches that ring Madagascar.\xa0 Some of the best are along typical tourist routes and some are still yet to be discovered except by locals.\xa0 No matter where you stay, there will be a beach that is sure to take your breath away, keep Diego,\xa0 Anakao, the areas surrounding Morondava, and the islands of Nosy Be and Sainte Marie in mind.\xa0 If one of your goals is to take amazing pictures during your trip, be sure to get some of the unique (there are a lot of unique things in Madagascar) baobab trees.\xa0 The thick trunks rise hundreds of feet into the air and only split off into branches at the very top.\xa0 If you travel outside of Morondava, you’ll come across a stand of them that will make for an excellent backdrop for sunrise and sunset photos.\xa0 The trees are centuries old and continue to stand the test of time. [PAR] Madagascar offers reefs, beaches, and rainforests as some of its many attractions.\xa0 If you have ventured to this one of a kind destination, speak up in the comments and let us know what you thought.[DOC] [TLE] Zanzibar Islands - Tanzania - East Africa | Rhino AfricaZanzibar Archipelago - Tanzania Destinations | Rhino Africa [PAR] Zanzibar Archipelago [PAR] Lazy adult male lion gazes at tourists on safari in Namibia [PAR] SHARE: [PAR] Lazy adult male lion gazes at tourists on safari in Namibia [PAR] SHARE: [PAR] Lazy adult male lion gazes at tourists on safari in Namibia [PAR] SHARE: [PAR] Lazy adult male lion gazes at tourists on safari in Namibia [PAR] SHARE: [PAR] Lazy adult male lion gazes at tourists on safari in Namibia [PAR] SHARE: [PAR] Zanzibar Archipelago : [PAR] A chain of island paradises [PAR] The Zanzibar Archipelago is made up of a chain of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Tanzania . Centuries ago, the island was an important area for the spice trade, first with the Arab world since the eleventh century, before falling under the rule'}, 'question': {'The islands of Zanzibar and Madagascar are in which ocean?'}}

['indian']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Juarez Mexico Dentist, just across the border from El Paso ...Juarez Mexico Dentist, just across the border from El Paso Texas [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Ciudad Juarez, Mexico [PAR] Juarez, Mexico sits directly opposite El Paso, Texas, separated only by the Rio Grande River which is the international border. The downtown areas of the two cities are within easy walking distance of each other. The population of Ciudad Juarez is generally cited to be around 1.5 million. [PAR] There are four international ports of entry connecting Ciudad Juárez and El Paso, including the Bridge of the Americas, Ysleta International Bridge, Paso del Norte Bridge and Stanton Street Bridge. These combined allowed 20,000,000 crossings every year. [PAR] Ciudad Juárez is well known for low cost dental work.[DOC] [TLE] RIO GRANDE | The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State ...RIO GRANDE | The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) [PAR] Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) [PAR] Site [PAR] RIO GRANDE [PAR] RIO GRANDE. The Rio Grande rises in Rio Grande National Forest, San Juan County, Colorado (at 37°47\' N, 107°32\' W), as a clear, spring and snow-fed mountain stream 12,000 feet above sea level. Its origin is at the Continental Divide in the San Juan Mountains. The river cuts through the middle of New Mexico to the site of El Paso and Ciudad Juárez, at the junction of Chihuahua and Texas. At that point, because of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), which terminated the Mexican War , the Rio Grande becomes the international boundary between the United States and Mexico. It forms the western or southern border of the Texas counties of El Paso, Hudspeth, Presidio, Brewster (where the river\'s sweeping curve gives Big Bend National Park its name), Terrell, Val Verde, Kinney, Maverick, Webb, Zapata, Starr, Hidalgo, and Cameron. The river empties into the Gulf of Mexico (at 25°57\' N, 97°09\' W). The Rio Grande has been known by many names over time and in different parts of its course. The Pueblo Indians called it Posoge (sometimes spelled P\'Osoge), which meant "big river." The expedition of Hernando de Alvarado called it Río de Nuestra Señora in 1540. It was called the River of May by three British sailors in 1568; in 1581 the Agustín Rodríguez expedition called it the Río de Nuestra Señora de la Concepción and the Río Guadalquivir. By 1598 the Spanish were calling its lower course the Río Bravo, and in modern Mexico it is still known by that name or as the Río Bravo del Norte (bravo denotes "wild, bold, turbulent, restless"). In 1582 an expedition headed by merchant Antonio de Espejo traveled the Río Conchos to its mouth on a river he called Río del Norte ("River of the North") and Río Turbio ("Turbulent River"). Juan de Oñate is thought to have been the first to call it the Rio Grande, when in 1598 he reached its banks near the site of future El Paso. These names were later consolidated to Río Grande del Norte. It was the Rio Grande that Fernando del Bosque (see BOSQUE-LARIOS EXPEDITION ) named the Río de San Buenaventura del Norte in 1675, and that Father Damián Massanet may have called the Río Ganapetuán in 1691. The river was also called the Río Caudaloso ("carrying much water"), and on a 1700 map it appeared as Río del Norte y de Nuevo Mexico. [PAR] The Rio Grande was never explored as a single unit by any one person or group. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca is believed to have crossed it in 1535 or 1536, and Francisco Vázquez de Coronado in 1540. Spanish Governor Juan Bautista de Anza examined it in 1779, as did Zebulon Montgomery Pike in 1806 and John Charles Frémont in 1849. However, the river was not well mapped before the extensive work of the American and Mexican boundary commissions made necessary by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 and again by the Gadsden Purchase of 1853–54. Maj. William Hemsley Emory and José Salazar y Larregui served as boundary commissioners'}, 'question': {'The cities of Ciudad Jurez, El Paso, Laredo and Brownsville are on the banks of which river?'}}

['rio grande' 'rio grande river']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Lion {Panthera Leo} - SA-Venues.comLion {Panthera Leo} [PAR] Lion {Panthera Leo} [PAR] experiences in our beautiful country [PAR] By Province [PAR] You are here: South Africa / Information / South African Wildlife / Lion [PAR] South Africa WildlifeThe Lion {Panthera Leo} [PAR] Lions are the second largest members of the feline family in the world. Lion are tan in colour and have a slightly white under-body, with a tuft of black hair at the end of their tails. [PAR] Most cat species live a fundamentally solitary existence, but the lion is an exception. It has developed a social system based on teamwork and a division of labour within the pride, and an extended but closed family unit centres around a group of related females. The average pride consists of about 15 individuals, including five to 10 females with their young and two or three territorial males that are usually brothers or pride mates. [PAR] Quick Facts [PAR] Lion stand 48 inches high at the shoulder. [PAR] Adult male lion weigh about 416 pounds. [PAR] Female lions weigh 277 pounds. [PAR] Males [PAR] Male lions are typically 4 feet in height with a large mane of hair that begins to develop around age two that surrounds the neck. The mane can vary in colour from tawny/tan to black. [PAR] Females [PAR] Female lions are 44 inches in height, and have no mane around their neck. Cubs are born with a slightly spotted coat, that changes to their parents tawny coloration around three months of age. Female lions live longer than males, and Serengeti female lions can live up to age 18, whereas males typically live to age 12. [PAR] Habitat [PAR] Lions are found in savannahs, grasslands, dense bush and woodlands. [PAR] Diet - Carnivore [PAR] Lions are opportunists when it comes to feeding. They will scavenge from other predators that have killed an animal, or will hunt animals ranging in size from the large African buffalo to a small hare. [PAR] Socialisation [PAR] Lions are the only 'social' cats, whereby related female lions live together and form groups called 'prides'. Lion prides are family groups with all of the females related, mothers and daughters, sisters and cousins, etc. [PAR] A pride can range from three to 30 individuals, but tend to average about fifteen members, which include male and female lions plus a number of cubs. The number of lions in a pride will vary significantly based on the number of prey animals that live or migrate through the pride's territory. [PAR] Reproduction [PAR] Lion cubs are born after a gestation period of 110 days, with female lions giving birth in a den site, typically located in a rock outcrop or in dense vegetation. A female will on average give birth to three cubs that are between 2 to 4 pounds in weight. [PAR] Predators[DOC] [TLE] Why Do Male Lions Have Manes? | Mental FlossWhy Do Male Lions Have Manes? | Mental Floss [PAR] Why Do Male Lions Have Manes? [PAR] iStock [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] Much like the defining features on many animals, a lion's mane is all about attracting the ladies. [PAR] A century or two ago, biologists like Charles Darwin postulated that lions grew a thick mane of hair around their necks to protect that vulnerable area from attacks by other lions. Over time, however, field biologists observed lion behavior (from a safe distance) and noted that when lions fought one another, they rarely went for the mane region. Instead they regularly attacked from the rear, targeting the back and the hindquarters. [PAR] So, if the mane isn’t designed for protection, what is its purpose? Why, propagation of the species, of course. In the sweltering heat of areas where lions gather, a huge ring of long hair around the face and neck does nothing to help cool the body. That bushy fringe is an inviting home to a variety of parasites, and it also makes the lion stand out against the scenery (a desirable trait for a fashion model but not so much for an ambush hunter). With all those negatives attached to sporting neck hair, the only positive is that it takes some sturdy genes and a very healthy constitution"}, 'question': {"What is the name for the hair that surrounds a lion's neck?"}}

['mane']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Tuberculosis – Transmission, Risks & Prevention | Everyday ...Tuberculosis – Transmission, Risks & Prevention | Everyday Health [PAR] Medically Reviewed by Robert Jasmer, MD [PAR] Tuberculosis is an infectious, airborne disease that kills millions of people around the world every year. [PAR] Tuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. [PAR] TB generally doesn\'t cause symptoms immediately. Instead, it goes through three stages: [PAR] Primary TB infection [PAR] Latent TB infection [PAR] Active disease [PAR] In most people with TB, the condition is latent, meaning the bacteria are present in the body but are in a dormant state, neither making the person sick nor infecting others. [PAR] Tuberculosis is more likely to enter the active phase in people who have acquired the infection recently (in the past two years). [PAR] It\'s also more likely to be active among those whose immune systems are weakened as a result of malnutrition, old age, infection with HIV , immunosuppressant drugs, or among people who are on dialysis . [PAR] While there are effective treatments for tuberculosis, the disease can be fatal. [PAR] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), tuberculosis kills more than a million people every year worldwide. [PAR] TB can also be caused by the bacterium\xa0Mycobacterium bovis, which lives in animals and can be transmitted to children who drink unpasteurized milk from infected cows. [PAR] In developed countries, however, cattle are tested for tuberculosis, and most milk is pasteurized. [PAR] Who Is Affected by Tuberculosis? [PAR] As recently as the 1800s, TB (formerly known as "consumption" or "phthisis") caused more deaths in industrialized countries than any other disease. [PAR] The development in the 1940s of streptomycin, the first antibiotic to effectively cure TB, dramatically lowered the number of cases of tuberculosis seen in developed countries, including the United States. [PAR] Today, most cases of TB occur in Africa, Asia, and the Western Pacific region. [PAR] CDC statistics for TB show the following for 2013: [PAR] A third of the world\'s population was infected with tuberculosis. [PAR] 9 million people worldwide became sick with tuberculosis. [PAR] 1.5 million people died of tuberculosis. [PAR] In the United States, just over 9,500 cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed. [PAR] Tuberculosis was the leading killer of people with HIV. [PAR] When active tuberculosis is diagnosed in the United States, it\'s often in a person who has emigrated from a country with a much higher rate of TB. [PAR] Tuberculosis Transmission [PAR] Mycobacterium tuberculosis is spread from person to person when someone with an active form of the disease emits tiny, bacteria-containing droplets into the air through coughing, sneezing, talking, singing, or laughing. [PAR] The bacteria can remain suspended in the air for hours, potentially infecting anyone who breathes them in. [PAR] Not everyone who inhales TB bacteria gets sick, however. Some people\'s immune systems immediately kill the bacteria. [PAR] In others, the bacteria remain in a latent, or dormant, state. [PAR] Risk Factors for Tuberculosis [PAR] Risk factors for tuberculosis include anything that weakens a person\'s immune system or puts someone in frequent, close contact with people who have active TB. [PAR] In the United States, some of the main risk factors for tuberculosis include: [PAR] Poverty [PAR] Being in jail or prison [PAR] Substance abuse [PAR] Having a weakened immune system for reasons other than HIV, such as chronic steroid use, patients on\xa0dialysis, and those who have had organ transplants and take drugs to prevent rejection [PAR] Tuberculosis Prevention [PAR] To prevent the transmission of tuberculosis in healthcare settings, the CDC has issued guidelines that require most employees to be\xa0screened\xa0for tuberculosis upon being hired and subsequently on a regular, often annual, basis. [PAR] Some residential institutions, such as nursing homes, also screen all new residents for tuberculosis.\xa0 [PAR] Screening for active TB\xa0is best accomplished by a chest\xa0 x-ray . [PAR] Some other steps toward preventing the spread of TB include: [PAR] Improving the ventilation in indoor spaces so there are fewer bacteria in the air [PAR] Using germicidal ultraviolet lamps to kill airborne bacteria in buildings where people at high risk of'}, 'question': {'What was tuberculosis previously known as?'}}

['consumption']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Playboy final nude issue: Iconic covers from Marilyn ...Playboy final nude issue: Iconic covers from Marilyn Monroe to Pamela Anderson [PAR] Playboy final nude issue: Iconic covers from Marilyn Monroe to Pamela Anderson [PAR] By Lewis Dean [PAR] December 11, 2015 19:41 GMT [PAR] Marilyn Monroe was the first person to be splashed on the cover of Playboy magazine back in December 1953Playboy [PAR] Publishing history was made as the final issue of Playboy Magazine featuring nude Playmates hit shelves in December. More than 60 years after Marilyn Monroe appeared as its cover star, Playboy owner Hugh Hefner is swapping nudity for negligee. IBTimes UK looks at its most famous covers. [PAR] December 1953 (above) [PAR] The first issue of Playboy magazine, featuring Monroe, is created by Hefner on the kitchen table of his South Side Chicago apartment. Financed with $600 of his money and less than $8,000 of raised capital, the magazine appears on newsstands in December 1953 and sells more than 51,000 issues. [PAR] July 1955 [PAR] This was not the first bikini on a Playboy cover but it is the first time the swimsuit was modelled in such a prominent fashion. The model on the beach towel is Janet Pilgrim, who also appeared as that issue's Playmate of the Month. [PAR] May 1964 [PAR] Hugh Hefner and his artistic staff never lost focus of the two best cover elements: the model and the Rabbit Head logo. On the May 1964 cover, Playmate of the Year Donna Michelle, wearing a white leotard, became the brand. This cover marked the first time the Playmate of the Year had been featured so prominently on the cover. [PAR] June 1965 [PAR] Some of Playboy's simplest covers appeared in the 1960s. This one featured a redhead in head-wrap, staring intently above her sunglasses. Cutting off at the nape of her neck, the cover resembles more of a sculptured bust than a traditional men's magazine cover. Playboy definitely took a risk with it: as written on the left lens, there's a 12-page pictorial of Ursula Andress inside. Considering her popularity at the time, it would have been a much safer move to give her the cover. [PAR] July 1969 [PAR] This issue's cover model is Barbi Benton, Hefner's girlfriend for the better part of eight years. She would appear on three more covers in the upcoming two decades: March 1970, May 1972 and December 1985. However, she was never named a Playmate of the Month. [PAR] October 1971 [PAR] Darine Stern was the first African-American model on the cover of Playboy. Although the magazine had already featured two black Playmates by this time – March 1965's Jennifer Jackson and October 1969's Jean Bell — nude African-American models were mainly seen in publications produced by and for the black communities. This cover became such a groundbreaking image that it was chosen by the American Society of Magazine Editors in 2005 as one of the 40 most important magazine covers of the previous 40 years. [PAR] October 1989 [PAR] Pamela Anderson holds the record for the most Playboy covers—a total of 13. This issue marks her first cover appearance. [PAR] June 1993 [PAR] Tragic Anna Nicole Smith first appeared on Playboy's March 1992 cover. Within months, she was named Miss May 1992 and the Guess jeans spokesmodel. She went on to be named Playboy's 1993 Playmate of the Year (featured on this cover), and appeared on three more Playboycovers. [PAR] January 2005 [PAR] Playboy [PAR] Jenny McCarthy has appeared on a total of six Playboy covers, including this January 2005 issue where she wears the famous Bunny Costume. She was first named Playboy's October 1993 Playmate of the Month and went on to become the magazine's 1994 Playmate of the Year. Her cover appearances include: June 1994, July 1996, December 1996, September 1997, January 2005 and July/August 2012. [PAR] April 2009 [PAR] In Playboy's 60-year history, the magazine has only featured a male on the cover 10 times: Peter Sellers (April 1964); Burt Reynolds (October 1979); Steve Martin (January 1980); Donald Trump (March 1990); Dan Aykroyd (August 1993); Jerry Seinfeld (October 1993); Leslie Nielsen"}, 'question': {'"In 1964, who became the first male to appear on the cover of ""Playboy"" magazine?"'}}

['peter sellers']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Congress Passes The Volstead Act | World History ProjectCongress Passes The Volstead Act | World History Project [PAR] Oct 28 1919 [PAR] Congress Passes The Volstead Act [PAR] On October 28, 1919, Congress passed the Volstead Act providing for enforcement of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution, ratified nine months earlier. [PAR] Known as the Prohibition Amendment, it prohibited the "manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors" in the United States. [PAR] The movement to prohibit alcohol began in the early years of the nineteenth century when individuals concerned about the adverse effects of drink began forming local societies to promote temperance in consumption of alcohol. The first temperance societies were organized in New York (1808) and Massachusetts (1813). Members, many of whom belonged to Protestant evangelical denominations, frequently met in local churches. As time passed, most temperance societies began to call for complete abstinence from all alcoholic beverages. [PAR] The Anti-Saloon League, founded in Ohio in 1893 and organized as a national society in 1895, helped pave the way for passage of the Eighteenth Amendment with an effective campaign calling for prohibition at the state level. By January 1920, thirty-three states had already enacted laws prohibiting alcohol. Between 1920 and 1933, the Anti-Saloon League lobbied for strict federal enforcement of the Volstead Act. [PAR] Source: Library of Congress Added by: Aimee Lucido [PAR] The Volstead Act, which reinforced the prohibition of alcohol in the United States of America, was named for Andrew Volstead, Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, which oversaw its passage. However, Volstead served as the legislation\'s sponsor and facilitator rather than its author. It was the Anti-Saloon League\'s Wayne Wheeler who conceived and drafted the bill. [PAR] The bill was vetoed by President Woodrow Wilson (largely on technical grounds, because it also covered wartime prohibition) but overridden by Congress on the same day, October 28, 1919. The Act specified that "no person shall manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, export, deliver, or furnish any intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act". It did not specifically prohibit the use of intoxicating liquors. The act defined intoxicating liquor as any beverage containing more than 0.5% alcohol and superseded all existing prohibition laws in effect in states that had such legislation. The combination of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and the laws passed under its authority became known simply as "Prohibition" and enormously affected United States society in the 1920s (popularly known as the Roaring Twenties). [PAR] Source: Wikipedia Added by: Aimee Lucido [PAR] “ [PAR] We have only to look about us in this great city, to observe the traces of the deadly influence of intemperance. Everywhere, we face crime, disease and death, all testify to the necessity [PAR] of the prosecution of the cause, of steadfast and unwavering effort and prompt action [PAR] to lead to complete success.” [PAR] — Charles C. Burleigh, Address to the Whole World\'s Temperance Convention[DOC] [TLE] Congress enforces prohibition - Oct 28, 1919 - HISTORY.comCongress enforces prohibition - Oct 28, 1919 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Congress enforces prohibition [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Congress passes the Volstead Act over President Woodrow Wilson’s veto. The Volstead Act provided for the enforcement of the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, also known as the Prohibition Amendment. [PAR] The movement for the prohibition of alcohol began in the early 19th century, when Americans concerned about the adverse effects of drinking began forming temperance societies. By the late 19th century, these groups had become a powerful political force, campaigning on the state level and calling for national liquor abstinence. In December 1917, the 18th Amendment, prohibiting the “manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes,” was passed by Congress and sent to the states for ratification. In January 1919, the 18th amendment achieved the necessary two-thirds majority of state ratification, and prohibition became the law of the land. [PAR] The Volstead Act, passed nine months later, provided for the enforcement of prohibition, including the creation of a special unit of the Treasury Department. Despite a vigorous effort by law-enforcement agencies, the Volstead Act'}, 'question': {'The Volstead Act, that became law in the USA on 28 October 1919, concerned what?'}}

['prohibition of alcohol' 'prohibition']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Crocodile Dundee (1986) | Australian Films OverseasCrocodile Dundee (1986) | Australian Films Overseas [PAR] Australian Films Overseas [PAR] Crocodile Dundee (1986) [PAR] “That’s not a knife…that’s a knife.” [PAR] Crocodile Dundee is the story of one character’s fish out of water experience from growing up and spending most of his life in the Australian outback to traveling to the biggest city in the world, New York. The film’s protagonist, Mick Dundee, is a uniquely Australian character, a larrikin who is incredibly handy and able to adapt to most situations even if he doesn’t always completely understand them. It was this affable character that resonated with audiences around the world, making Crocodile Dundee Australia’s most successful film of all time. [PAR] The character was created by Paul Hogan, who also plays Dundee, during his own visit to New York and was based around his feeling of being out of his depth in such a massive city. From there, he formed the character and collaborated with Ken Shadie and John Cornell on the screenplay and also with Peter Faiman who directed the film. The film generated two sequels, neither of which went close to matching the original’s success critically or financially. [PAR] The film has arguably not aged that well, and looking back on it there tends to be an element of cultural cringe for a lot of Australian audiences. However the film is a significant part of Australian cinematic history and as such was one of fifty Australian films selected for preservation as part of the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia’s Cinema Collection Restoration Project. [PAR] Crocodile Dundee was made in 1986 off a budget of about eight million dollars and went on to become Australia’s highest grossing film both domestically and internationally earning over $360 million worldwide – including $175 million in the US alone – making it not just Australia’s most successful film, but also it’s most profitable. Domestically, the film earned $47 million and, adjusted for inflation, Crocodile Dundee stands at having earned over $100 million dollars domestically as of 2009. To put this in perspective, the second highest grossing Australian film, Australia – an Australian/American co production, earned $37 million at the Australian box office and only comes in at $38 million when adjusted for inflation. [PAR] To put it another way, imagine an Australian film made today earning over $100 million dollars at the local box office and you can begin to imagine just how much of a worldwide phenomenon Crocodile Dundee was back in the day. The sequels went nowhere near towards matching the financial success of the original although the first one, Crocodile Dundee II, earned about half, which at the time was still a fairly tidy sum. [PAR] Overseas, on its USA release it quickly became the most successful foreign picture in the American cinema market easily outstripping the Bond films and such films as\xa0 [PAR] Chariots of Fire [PAR] . It also became the highest grossing autumn release. Despite its October release in the US it still wound up the second highest grossing film in the USA in 1986 (Thompson, 1987). [PAR] Box Office: Crocodile Dundee vs Australia [PAR] Box Office: Crocodile Dundee and the sequels [PAR] The film’s success garnered many nominations in several well-known awards ceremonies and most notably earned Paul Hogan a Golden Globe award for best actor in a comedic role while Linda Kozlowski also received a nomination as did the film for Best Picture (Musical or Comedy). The film even secured an Oscar nomination for best original screenplay for Hogan and his two writing partners Shadie and Faiman. The film also did relatively well at the BAFTA awards receiving nominations for best actor and screenplay but taking home neither. [PAR] The film was well reviewed upon release in accordance with its commercial successes. Writing at the time of it’s release, Nick Roddick said of the film, “The audience response was extraordinary: ecstatic, proud, in tune with every nuance of Hogan’s performance…” (Roddick, 1986). The film was lauded for its somewhat whimsical story and ‘everyman’ protagonist, the basic nature of the film winning over both audiences and reviewers. [PAR] That is not to'}, 'question': {'What film character was created by Paul Hogan?'}}

['crocodile dundee']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] FA Cup Finals History: Results, Winners, Records ...FA Cup Finals History: Results, Winners, Records, GoalScorers & Venues | Sportslens [PAR] Blog Teams Arsenal FA Cup Finals History: Results, Winners, Records, GoalScorers & Venues [PAR] FA Cup Finals History: Results, Winners, Records, GoalScorers & Venues [PAR] Tom Gatehouse 19 May, 2016 Arsenal , Chelsea , Crystal Palace , FA Cup , Liverpool , Manchester United [PAR] The FA Cup is English football’s\xa0biggest cup competition and one of the most important in football. It is also the oldest cup competition in the world, having first started in 1871, with 736 teams taking part in the 2015/16 edition of the tournament.\xa0FA Cup\xa0final history is vast with many dramatic clashes taking place across its 145 year history. [PAR] Manchester United and Crystal Palace\xa0will play in the 2016 FA Cup final\xa0on May 21st\xa0at the Wembley\xa0in London, with the match a repeat of the 1990 FA Cup final in which United triumphed 1-0 in a replay after the final ended in a dramatic 3-3 draw. [PAR] United are the second most\xa0successful team in the history of the FA Cup, having won eleven\xa0titles, with the club just one title away from Arsenal, who became the most decorated FA Cup side ever after winning the last two editions of the competition.\xa0Palace are searching for their maiden FA Cup triumph, with this their first final since their loss in 1990. [PAR] Check out our guide to FA Cup\xa0final history below: [PAR] FA Cup\xa0Final Winners [PAR] Since 1988, the FA Cup has been won by the traditional ‘Big Four’ in English football – Manchester United, Arsenal, Chelsea and Liverpool – 22 times in 27 seasons. The FA Cup has been won by 43 different teams throughout history, with West Ham’s victory in 1980 the last time a team from outside English football’s top division has been crowned champions. [PAR] Of the teams to have won more than one FA Cup, fans will not be familiar with two. Wanderers, who last won the competition in 1878, are an amateur club who had great success in the early years of organised football in England. Old Etonians were also an amateur club in the 1800’s, winning the trophy twice. [PAR] Arsenal – Titles: 12 – Last final win: 2015 [PAR] Manchester United – Titles: 11 – Last final win: 2004 [PAR] Tottenham Hotspur\xa0– Titles: 8 – Last final win: 1991 [PAR] Liverpool\xa0– Titles: 7 – Last final win: 2006 [PAR] Chelsea\xa0– Titles: 7\xa0– Last final win: 2012 [PAR] Aston Villa\xa0– Titles: 7\xa0– Last final win: 1957 [PAR] Newcastle United\xa0– Titles: 6\xa0– Last final win: 1955 [PAR] Blackburn Rovers\xa0– Titles: 6\xa0– Last final win: 1928 [PAR] Everton\xa0– Titles: 5\xa0– Last final win: 1995 [PAR] West Brom \xa0– Titles: 5\xa0– Last final win: 1968 [PAR] Manchester City\xa0– Titles: 5\xa0– Last final win: 2011 [PAR] Wanderers\xa0– Titles: 5\xa0– Last final win: 1878 [PAR] Wolves\xa0– Titles: 4\xa0– Last final win: 1960 [PAR] Bolton \xa0– Titles: 4\xa0– Last final win: 1958 [PAR] Sheffield United\xa0– Titles: 4\xa0– Last final win: 1925 [PAR] Sheffield Wednesday\xa0– Titles: 3\xa0– Last final win: 1935 [PAR] West Ham\xa0– Titles: 3\xa0– Last final win: 1980 [PAR] Preston\xa0– Titles: 2\xa0– Last final win: 1938 [PAR] Old Etonians\xa0– Titles: 2\xa0– Last final win: 1882 [PAR] Portsmouth\xa0– Titles: 2\xa0– Last final win: 2008 [PAR] Sunderland – Titles: 2 – Last final win: 1973 [PAR] Nottingham Forest – Titles: 2 – Last final win: 1959 [PAR] Bury – Titles: 2 – Last title win: 1903 [PAR] + 20 teams on one FA Cup win [PAR] FA\xa0Cup: Individual Records [PAR] Some of the greatest players have graced the competition, with many having outstanding scoring'}, 'question': {'Who played eventual winners Chelsea in the FA Cup final in May 2010?'}}

['portsmouth']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] 25 Great Grim Reaper Pictures | CreativeFan25 Great Grim Reaper Pictures | CreativeFan [PAR] 25 Great Grim Reaper Pictures [PAR] The mythical figure of grim reaper is very popular among people. The human personification of death who severs the last connection between the body and the soul is an awe inspiring and fearsome creature. The pictures of this angel of death are liked by people from all age groups. Right from children to the elderly all are under the charm and spell of this scythe wielding hooded figure. Almost all religions have some or other kind of reference to such a mythical character that visits the dying in their last moments or when they have died to take them to another world. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] There are thousands of enthralling stories about this angel of death in almost all civilizations. Reaper wallpapers are quite creative and appealing. There is a large assortment of wallpapers in which the messenger of the dark mystery of death has been created in numerous ways. You can find the traditional grim reaper in hundreds of moods and colors. There are grim as well as bright background images of the skeletal man carrying his arm. Following is a grim reaper directory of twenty five such images where it appears in twenty five different themes. So, here we go. [PAR] If you liked our selection, perhaps these other posts will interest you too, Star Wars Pictures , Black And White Pictures , Pictures of Angels and Great Wall of China Pictures . [PAR] Halloween grim reaper[DOC] [TLE] Grim Reaper - Myths and Legends Wiki - WikiaGrim Reaper | Myths and Legends Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Myths and Legends Wiki [PAR] Share [PAR] In English, death is often given the name the "Grim Reaper" and from the 15th century onwards came to be shown as a skeletal figure carrying a large scythe and clothed in a hooded, black cloak. The nickname Angel of Death, stemming from the Bible, is another name most knows this mythical creature by in some society legends. Other beliefs hold that the Spectre of Death is only a psychopomp, serving to sever the last ties between the soul and the body and to guide the deceased to the next world without having any control over the fact of the victim\'s death. In many languages, Death is personified by an image of a male, while in others, it is perceived as a female. [PAR] The main focus on this article is the myths of the Ancient Greeks, the beginning of mythological legends, gods, and temples. Ancient Greece found death to be inevitable, and therefore he is not represented as purely evil. In most Greek documents and stories he is portrayed as a bearded and winged man, or even a young boy. Death or Thanatos, is the counterpart of life; and is often represented as male, to the female image of life. [PAR] Thanatos (Death) is the twin brother of Hypnos, the god of sleep. He is typically shown with his brother, and is usually considered to be gentle. His job in the mystic realm is to escort the deceased to the god of the underworld, Hades. Once in Hades’ kingdom, Thanatos (Death) hands the dead over to Charon, a skeletal body, black cloaked being awaiting the delivery). [PAR] This part of the deceased’s journey begins with the “Grim Reaper” who mans the boat over the river Styx. This river separates the land of the living from the land of the dead. Legends and myths say that if the ferryman didn’t receive some form of payment for his services, then the soul couldn’t be delivered to the underworld. The consequence in this theory is the soul is left by the riverside for eternity, never to gain the new beginning. [PAR] Thanatos\' sisters, the Keres, the spirits of violent death, are most times associated with deaths from battle, disease, accident, and murder. They are portrayed as evil, often feeding on the blood of the body after the soul had been escorted to Hades. Dressed in blood stained clothes, they bore fangs and talons for their beastly feast. [PAR] Media which glorify or make fun of the Grim Reaper are songs: Blue Oyster Cult’s Don’t Fear the Reaper'}, 'question': {'Which mythical figure carries a scythe?'}}

['grim reaper']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] City and South London Railway - The Full WikiCity and South London Railway - The Full Wiki [PAR] The Full Wiki [PAR] More info on City and South London Railway [PAR] \xa0\xa0Wikis [PAR] City and South London Railway: Wikis [PAR] Advertisements [PAR] \xa0\xa0 [PAR] \xa0\xa0 [PAR] Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn\'t yet, but we\'re working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . [PAR] Related top topics [PAR] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] A picture of a City & South London Railway train from the Illustrated London News , 1890 [PAR] The City & South London Railway (C&SLR) was the first deep-level underground "tube" railway in the world, [1] [2] and the first major railway to use electric traction . Originally intended for cable-hauled trains, the collapse of the cable contractor while the railway was under construction forced a change to electric traction, an experimental technology at the time, before the line opened. [PAR] When opened in 1890, it had six stations and ran for 3.2\xa0miles (5.1\xa0km) [3] in a pair of tunnels between the City of London and Stockwell , passing under the River Thames . The diameter of the tunnels restricted the size of the trains and the small carriages with their high-backed seating were nicknamed padded cells . The railway was extended several times north and south; eventually serving 22 stations over a distance of 13.5\xa0miles (21.7\xa0km) from Camden Town in north London to Morden in Surrey . [3] [PAR] Although the C&SLR was well used, low ticket prices and the construction cost of the extensions placed a strain on the company\'s finances. In 1913, the C&SLR became part of the Underground Group of railways and, in the 1920s, it underwent major reconstruction works before its merger with another of the Group\'s railways. In 1933, the C&SLR and the rest of the Underground Group was taken into public ownership . Today, its tunnels and stations form the Bank branch and Kennington to Morden section of the London Underground \'s Northern Line . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Establishment [PAR] Arms of the City & South London Railway [PAR] In November 1883, notice was given that a private bill was to be presented to Parliament for the construction of the City of London & Southwark Subway (CL&SS). [4] The promoter of the bill and engineer of the proposed railway was James Henry Greathead who had, in 1869–1870, constructed the Tower Subway using the same tunnelling shield /segmented cast iron tube method proposed for the CL&SS. The railway was to run north from Elephant and Castle , in Southwark , south London, under the River Thames to King William Street in the City of London . The tracks were to be in twin tunnels 3.1\xa0 metres (10\xa0 ft 2\xa0 in ) in diameter. [5] [PAR] The bill received Royal Assent as the City of London and Southwark Subway Act, 1884 on 28 July 1884. [6] Section 5 of the Act stated: [PAR] "The works authorised by this Act are as follows:- [PAR] "A subway commencing ... near ... Short Street at the ... junction ... with Newington Butts and terminating at King William Street ... [PAR] "The subway shall consist of two tubes for separate up and down traffic and shall be approached by means of staircases and by hydraulic lifts." [PAR] In 1886, a further bill was submitted to Parliament to extend the tunnels south from Elephant and Castle to Kennington and Stockwell . [7] This received assent on 12 July 1887 as the City of London and Southwark Subway (Kennington Extensions, &c.) Act, 1887, [8] allowing the construction of the extension to be added to the work on the original route, which had begun in 1886. [9] The tunnels on this section were of a slightly larger diameter of 3.2\xa0m (10\xa0ft 6\xa0in). [5] Before the railway opened, a further bill received assent, granting permission to continue the line south to Clapham Common . [10] The act was published on 25 July 1890 as'}, 'question': {'"Opened in 1890, with 6 stations over 3.2 miles (5.1 km) and running in a pair of tunnels between the City of London and Stockwell passing under the River Thames, what was the first deep-level underground ""tube"" railway in the world, and the first major railway to use electric traction?"'}}

['city of london and southwark subway' 'city and south london railway' 'islington and euston railway']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Melanin - SankofaMelanin [PAR] Melanin [PAR] by MAD Writer Productions [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] Melanin is important because it\x92s the most primitive and universal pigment in living organisms. Melanin is produced in the pineal gland. Abundantly found in primitive organisms such as fungi, as well as advanced primates. Furthermore, within each living organism, melanin appears to be located in the major functional sites. For example, in vertebrates, melanin is not only present in the skin, eyes, ears, central nervous system, it can also be found in the pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal gland, and the barathary gland. Melanin is abundantly present in the viscera, including the heart, liver, arteries, the muscles, and the gastrointestinal tract; thus, within each and every living organ which aids the human body melanin appears. Regardless of what color your skin appears to be all genes in all creatures on this planet are black because they are coated with melanin. [PAR] The amount of melanin in the skin is one of the most variable of human traits, and many polygenes are involved. Groups of people or the population of the world were once classified according to the skin shade: Black (Nubians), White (Caucasians), Yellow (Orientals) and Red (Native Americans) etc... We must realize that just because this is the way they have classified people does not mean this is the way it should be. The hues of color of your skin depend on several factors. First is the amount of melanin in the outer layers of the skin. Melanin acts as a filter to prevent damage to the delicate deeper layers of the skin, by penetration of ultraviolet light. [PAR] There is more than one type of melanin. You have brain melanin, also known as neuromelanin, and you have skin melanin. Neuromelanin does not run parallel with skin melanin. Whether white, red, yellow, black, or brown, neuromelanin plays an important role in functioning of the brain, and nervous system. Melanosomes (small structures within the melanocyte cells where melanin is synthesized) find their way into the hair cells, giving them color. (Two types of melanin, one dark brown and one red, are responsible for all hair shades). [PAR] Pigments that contribute to skin color are called carotene, a yellowish hemoglobin, in blood vessels (pink-red), and melanin (black, brown, red). Darker skins are dominated by melanin, which is produced from the amino acid tyrosine, by pigment cells (melanocytes) in the skin. Melanocytes are characterized by long, fixed extensions of the outer cell membrane. In humans, other mammals, and birds, melanin is dispersed permantely throughout each melanocyte, including the extensions, and is also, transported to nearby skin cells. In other words, if you increase the amount of melanin in the skin you become darker and vice versa. [PAR] So, what is so important about melanin? Melanin controls all mental and physical body activities. Melanin is an extremely stable molecule, and highly resistant to the digestion by most acids and bases, and is one of the hardest molecule to ever be analyzed. If you do not purify your melanin molecule, you will not heal your body of diseases. [PAR] In parts of Africa, India, and Australia the deposits of melanin in the skin is heaviest because the people have been exposed to the most intense sunlight for generations. Northern Europeans have the least amount of deposits in their skin are lighter, not to mention their weather is cloudy and cool. The thickness of the outer layer of the skin is also a factor. People with darker skin complexions have thicker layers of skin. And this is a factor alone enhances the skins filtering effect. The thinner the skin the least melanin. When the skin is very thin, the'}, 'question': {'In the human body, what does melanin determine?'}}

['skin color']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Bernard KerikBernard Bailey Kerik (born September 4, 1955)—known as Bernie Kerik—is an American former police officer, consultant and convicted felon, who served as New York City Police Commissioner from 2000 to 2001, and New York City's Correction Department Commissioner and First Deputy, overseeing the New York City jail system, from 1995 - 2000. [PAR] Kerik was born in Newark, New Jersey. He served in the United States Army from 1974 to 1977 before working various law enforcement jobs in the United States and abroad. Joining the New York Police Department (NYPD) in 1986, Kerik is most well known for his time at the NYPD and New York City Department of Correction, as he served in commissioner positions for both agencies in the city. For his service as a New York City police officer, Kerik earned numerous awards and also is credited for helping reduce crime in New York City as police commissioner. Kerik's tenure as police commissioner included overseeing the police response to the September 11 attacks in 2001. [PAR] Following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, President George W. Bush appointed Kerik as the interior minister of the Iraqi Coalition Provisional Authority. In 2004, Bush nominated Kerik to be the head of the Department of Homeland Security. However, Kerik soon withdrew his candidacy, explaining that he had employed an illegal immigrant as a nanny. His withdrawal resulted in state and federal investigations as a result of which in 2006 Kerik pleaded guilty in Bronx Supreme Court to two unrelated ethics violations (unclassified misdemeanors) and was ordered to pay $221,000 in fines. Kerik then pleaded guilty in 2009 in the Southern District of New York to 8 federal charges, including tax fraud and false statements, and on February 18, 2010, was sentenced to four years in federal prison. [PAR] Early life and education [PAR] Kerik was born in Newark, New Jersey, the son of Patricia Joann Bailey and Donald Raymond Kerik Sr. His paternal grandfather emigrated from Russia to a coal-mining town in Pennsylvania and changed his surname from Kapurik to Kerik. Kerik was raised Catholic and grew up in Paterson, New Jersey. He attended Eastside High School in Paterson, and dropped out in 1972. In July 1974, he enlisted in the United States Army and received a General Educational Development (GED) certificate from the State of North Carolina while assigned to Fort Bragg, North Carolina . [PAR] After leaving the New York City Police Department, he received a B.S. in social theory, social structure and change, from (ESC) Empire State College of the State University of New York in 2002. [PAR] Military and Police Service [PAR] From 1974 to 1977, Kerik served in the U.S. Army Military Police Corps. He was stationed in Korea as a military police sentry dog handler and to the XVIII Airborne Corps at Fort Bragg in North Carolina, assuming military police duties and teaching hand-to-hand combat to special operations and Special Forces personnel at the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School. [PAR] Kerik was honorably discharged from the army in July 1977 and worked briefly for the Interstate Revenue Research Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, as an investigator before joining the Morrison Knudsen Saudi Arabia Consortium (MKSAC) in April 1978, where he was employed as a security officer at the King Khalid Military City in Hafar Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia, for nearly two and a half years. Upon his return, he worked for the Cumberland County, North Carolina sheriff's office, in the patrol division and later for the City–County Bureau of Narcotics. [PAR] From December 1981 to October 1982 and then July 1984 to July 1986, Kerik worked at the Passaic County sheriff's office, in New Jersey. He served as the department's training officer and commander of the special weapons and operations, and ultimately chief and warden of the Passaic County jail. [PAR] Kerik worked from 1982 to 1984 as chief of investigations for the security division of the King Faisal Specialist Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Six members of the hospital security staff, including Kerik, were fired and deported after an investigation in 1984 by the Saudi secret police. [PAR] In July 1986, Kerik joined the New York City"}, 'question': {'Former New York City police chief Bernard Kerik, appointed US homeland security chief in 2004, was imprisoned for 4 years in February 2010 for what reason?'}}

['tax fraud']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Wimbledon Tennis Championships 2016 - Time Out LondonShare Tweet [PAR] By Things To Do Editors Posted: Thursday May 26 2016 [PAR] Whether you're a legitimate tennis fan or just in it for the Pimm's, the\xa0Wimbledon 2017 Tennis Championships\xa0are a must in the\xa0 London events calendar . The next totally terrific tournament, darling, will take place on Monday\xa0July 3\xa0- Sunday July 16 2017\xa0and, from how to get Wimbledon 2017 tickets to the\xa0 outdoor sports screens in London \xa0showing the latest matches, here's all the info you need. [PAR] Where is Wimbledon 2017?\xa0 [PAR] Er, Wimbledon. Ok, to be more specific, the court action takes place at the\xa0 All England Lawn Tennis Club , but plenty of big screens pop up when the tennis season is in full swing. Check out our favourite Wimbledon 2016 screenings below to find one near you. [PAR] When is Wimbledon 2017? [PAR] This year's tennis-athon runs from\xa0Monday\xa0July 3\xa0-\xa0Sunday\xa0July\xa016 2017. [PAR] What is Wimbledon? [PAR] Taking place at the All England Club in South West London since 1877, Wimbledon is the oldest tennis tournament in the world. It now\xa0attracts over 500,000 spectators for two weeks every year and has some very old-school rules about what the players can and can't do.\xa0 [PAR] Wimbledon 2017: your ultimate guide [PAR] Things to do [PAR] Find Wimbledon screenings [PAR] End up empty handed after the ballot? Enjoy all the action at one of London's big screens [PAR] Things to do[DOC] [TLE] 2016 Wimbledon | Tennis | Odds & Tips | UBET2016 Wimbledon | Tennis | Odds & Tips | UBET [PAR] WIMBLEDON [PAR] JUNE 27 - JULY 10, 2016 ALL-ENGLAND CLUB [PAR] Held annually at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in London in late June/early July is the third Grand Slam of the year, The Wimbledon Championships - or simply Wimbledon. The event is the world’s longest running tennis tournament and widely regarded as the most prestigious. To continue the event’s long-time tradition, players are required to wear all white clothing when participating in competitive matches [PAR] Just under $50 million in prize money is at stake across the singles, doubles and wheelchair doubles competitions, with the ‘gentlemen’s and ladies’ singles winners pocketing roughly $3.5 million each. Like other Grand Slams ( Australian Open , French Open etc) the tournament lasts two weeks, with the finals played on the venue’s famous Centre Court. [PAR] In the Men’s singles draw, two players have reigned supreme in the open era (1968 onwards). American ace Pete Sampras claimed seven Wimbledon titles between 1981 and 1989 and Swiss maestro Roger Federer equalled that feat from 2003 to 2012. Four Australian men have won the tournament in the open era; Rod Laver and John Newcombe both went back-to-back in 1968-69 and 1970-71 respectively, while Pat Cash (1987) and Lleyton Hewitt (2002) have also managed victories. Other greats in men’s singles that have won the tournament include Bjorn Borg, John McEnroe and Boris Becker. [PAR] The women’s singles draw has been dominated by Americans in the open era. In the past 47 years of the tournament, US women have won on 27 times. Martina Navratilova is the most successful woman, having won nine Wimbledon titles. Between 1982 and 1987, Navratilova claimed six consecutive titles and featured in the final in the three years after. The Williams sisters, Venus and Serena, have five Wimbledon titles each. On four separate occasions the final has been contested by both sisters, with Serena edging her sister 3-1 in the tournament deciders. [PAR] Promotions, Odds and Previews[DOC] [TLE] Worlds Most Famous Tennis Tournaments - ustctba.comWorlds Most Famous Tennis Tournaments [PAR] Worlds Most Famous Tennis Tournaments [PAR] The four most famous tennis tournaments in the world are known as the Grand Slam tournaments or simply as the Majors. [PAR] They are the the Wimbledon Championships, the French Open, the Australian Open and the US Open. These tournaments are the most significant in the world in relationship to tradition, world ranking, public attention"}, 'question': {'The Wimbledon tennis tournament that takes place annually in late June and early July runs for how long?'}}

['two weeks']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Antonio VivaldiAntonio Lucio Vivaldi (; 4 March 1678\xa0– 28 July 1741) was an Italian Baroque composer, virtuoso violinist, teacher and cleric. Born in Venice, he is recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across Europe. He composed many instrumental concertos, for the violin and a variety of other instruments, as well as sacred choral works and more than forty operas. His best-known work is a series of violin concertos known as The Four Seasons. [PAR] Many of his compositions were written for the female music ensemble of the Ospedale della Pietà, a home for abandoned children where Vivaldi (who had been ordained as a Catholic priest) was employed from 1703 to 1715 and from 1723 to 1740. Vivaldi also had some success with expensive stagings of his operas in Venice, Mantua and Vienna. After meeting the Emperor Charles VI, Vivaldi moved to Vienna, hoping for preferment. However, the Emperor died soon after Vivaldi\'s arrival, and Vivaldi himself died less than a year later in poverty. [PAR] Life [PAR] Childhood [PAR] Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was born in 1678 in Venice, then the capital of the Republic of Venice. He was baptized immediately after his birth at his home by the midwife, which led to a belief that his life was somehow in danger. Though not known for certain, the child\'s immediate baptism was most likely due either to his poor health or to an earthquake that shook the city that day. In the trauma of the earthquake, Vivaldi\'s mother may have dedicated him to the priesthood. Vivaldi\'s official church baptism took place two months later.Michael Talbot, Vivaldi (London: J.M. Dent & Sons, Ltd., 1978), 39. [PAR] Vivaldi\'s parents were Giovanni Battista Vivaldi and Camilla Calicchio, as recorded in the register of San Giovanni in Bragora. Vivaldi had eight siblings: Iseppo Santo Vivaldi, Iseppo Gaetano Vivaldi, Bonaventura Tomaso Vivaldi, Margarita Gabriela Vivaldi, Cecilia Maria Vivaldi , Gerolama Michela Vivaldi, Francesco Gaetano Vivaldi, and Zanetta Anna Vivaldi. Giovanni Battista, who was a barber before becoming a professional violinist, taught Antonio to play the violin and then toured Venice playing the violin with his young son. Antonio was probably taught at an early age, judging by the extensive musical knowledge he had acquired by the age of 24, when he started working at the Ospedale della Pietà. Giovanni Battista was one of the founders of the Sovvegno dei musicisti di Santa Cecilia, an association of musicians. [PAR] The president of the Sovvegno was Giovanni Legrenzi, an early Baroque composer and the maestro di cappella at St Mark\'s Basilica. It is possible that Legrenzi gave the young Antonio his first lessons in composition. The Luxembourg scholar Walter Kolneder has discerned the influence of Legrenzi\'s style in Vivaldi\'s early liturgical work Laetatus sum (RV Anh 31), written in 1691 at the age of thirteen. Vivaldi\'s father may have been a composer himself: in 1689, an opera titled La Fedeltà sfortunata was composed by a Giovanni Battista Rossi – the name under which Vivaldi\'s father had joined the Sovvegno di Santa Cecilia. [PAR] Vivaldi\'s health was problematic. His symptoms, strettezza di petto ("tightness of the chest"), have been interpreted as a form of asthma. This did not prevent him from learning to play the violin, composing or taking part in musical activities, although it did stop him from playing wind instruments. In 1693, at the age of fifteen, he began studying to become a priest. He was ordained in 1703, aged 25, and was soon nicknamed il Prete Rosso, "The Red Priest". (Rosso is Italian for "red", and would have referred to the color of his hair, a family trait.) [PAR] Not long after his ordination, in 1704, he was given a dispensation from celebrating Mass because of his ill health. Vivaldi only said Mass as a priest a few times and appeared to have withdrawn from priestly duties, though he remained a priest. [PAR] At the Conservatorio dell\'Ospedale della Pietà [PAR] In September 1703, Vivaldi became maestro di violino'}, 'question': {'What is the name of a famous concerto by Vivaldi?'}}

['four seasons']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] California Gold Rush (1848–1858) - ocp.hul.harvard.eduOpen Collections Program: Immigration to the US, California Gold Rush, 1848-1858 [PAR] Charles Drayton Gibbes, A New Map of the Gold [PAR] Region in California, 1851, Harvard Map Collection. [PAR] The great California gold rush began on January 24, 1848, when James W. Marshall discovered a gold nugget in the American River while constructing a sawmill for John Sutter, a Sacramento agriculturalist. News of Marshall’s discovery brought thousands of immigrants to California from elsewhere in the United States and from other countries. [PAR] The large influx of "\'49ers," as the gold prospectors were known, caused California\'s population to increase dramatically. In San Francisco, for example, the population grew from 1,000 in 1848 to over 20,000 by 1850. California\'s overall population growth was so swift that it was incorporated into the Union as the 31st state in 1850—just two years after the United States had acquired it from Mexico under the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican-American War. [PAR] One of the migrations stimulated by the discovery of gold was the internal westward movement of Americans from the eastern states who hoped to make fortunes in California. At first, there were only two routes. The first entailed a six-month sea voyage from New York around the tip of South America to San Diego or San Francisco. Rampant seasickness, bug-infested food, boredom, and high expense made this route unattractive for many would-be prospectors. The second route brought travelers over the Oregon-California Trail in covered wagons—over rugged terrain and hostile territory. This journey also averaged six months\' duration. By 1850, the length and difficulty of both routes had inspired the construction of the Panama Railway, the world\'s first transcontinental railroad. Built across the isthmus of Panama by private American companies to speed travel to California, the railroad helped to shave months off of the long voyage around South America. [PAR] Google Bookmarks [PAR] In addition to massive emigration from the eastern US, the California gold rush triggered a global emigration of ambitious fortune-seekers from China, Germany, Chile, Mexico, Ireland, Turkey, and France. The number of Chinese gold-seekers was particularly large, though many Chinese did not intend to settle in the United States, which they called "the Gold Mountain." Instead, they wanted to acquire as much gold as possible before returning to China—hopefully much richer than when they left. Because bandits often preyed on foreigners and tried to steal their gold, the Chinese adopted the unique practice of melting down gold to make household goods, such as pots and other utensils, to disguise their wealth. Upon arrival home, they would re-melt their seemingly ordinary-looking items—usually covered in black soot to obscure their true nature—and recover their gold. [PAR] The influx of Chinese and other foreign laborers led to ethnic tensions in California, especially as gold grew scarce. In 1850, the California legislature enacted the Foreign Miners Tax, which levied a monthly $20 tax on each foreign miner. The tax compelled many Chinese to stop prospecting for gold. The Foreign Miners Tax was the opening act in a campaign by native-born white Americans to restrict the entry of Chinese laborers into California to compete with them for jobs and wages. In 1882, the campaign to restrict immigration to California reached its first climax with the federal Chinese Exclusion Act, which effectively halted Chinese immigration for ten years and prohibited Chinese from becoming US citizens. [PAR] Despite the ethnic tensions it engendered, the Gold Rush forever changed the demographic face of California by making it one of the most ethnically diverse states in the Union by the middle of the 19th century. [PAR] Browse Published Materials Digitized for Immigration to the US [PAR] California Gold Rush [PAR] Other Resources [PAR] Listed below are web sites about, or related to, the Gold Rush. These resources are listed to point users to further information outside the context of the Immigration to the US collection. The Open Collections Program and Harvard University bear no responsibility for the contents of these web sites. This list is not intended to be comprehensive.[DOC] [TLE] The Gold Rush'}, 'question': {'What was the name given to people who went to California to join in the goldrush in the mid 19th century?'}}

['49ers']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Sports films starring Kevin Costner, Draft Day, Tin Cup ...Sports films starring Kevin Costner, Draft Day, Tin Cup, Bull Durham | Films | Entertainment | Daily Express [PAR] FILMS [PAR] Field of Dreams, Tin Cup, Draft Day: Kevin Costner\'s greatest sports films [PAR] FOLLOWING the release of Kevin Costner\'s latest hit sports drama Draft Day, we\'re taking a look back at some of the biggest sports movies the star has made [PAR] PUBLISHED: 20:00, Tue, Jan 27, 2015 [PAR] PH [PAR] Kevin Costner has had a career spanning a massive 34 years [PAR] Kevin Costner’s 34-year film career has seen him cycling, golfing and (of course) playing a lot of baseball. [PAR] In real life however, Costner prefers sitting in the Arsenal stadium watching the Gunners. [PAR] While filming Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves he ended up seeing a game by chance and became a fan. [PAR] So much so that on his 49th birthday he flew from London to Birmingham to watch Arsenal beat Aston Villa 2-0. [PAR] He also shares his fellow fan’s rivalries confessing that he goes out of his way to avoid Tottenham fans: "They hate my guts, I\'m sure of it!" [PAR] Before Draft Day, Costner generally avoided movies centred on American Football because he disliked telling stories about fictional teams, “I don\'t like wearing fake uniforms in fake leagues” he recently told ESPN, “I\'m a purist.” [PAR] Draft Day however was fully endorsed by the NFL meaning that the colours, the stadium and the league are all real. [PAR] The film also features current players Demario Davis James Brewer, Ramses Barden, Zoltan Mesko, and Stephen Hill. [PAR] The tense drama is directed by the legendary Ivan Reitman (Ghostbusters, Kindergarten Cop) stars Costner as a team manager negotiating a tense period of player picks or drafts.\xa0 [PAR] From the fairway to the batter’s box Costner’s been on cinematic sports pitches for over three decades. To celebrate the DVD release of Draft Day we look at his top sporty 5 roles. [PAR] PH [PAR] Kevin Costner and Jennifer Garner [PAR] Field of Dreams (1989) [PAR] A stone cold classic weepy. Field of Dreams sees Costner as a loveable Iowa farmer who builds a baseball diamond in a corn field after hearing strange voices. [PAR] The heart warmer contains one of the most misquoted lines in the history of movies when Costner is told “If you build it, he will come” not \'they\'. [PAR] Look out for the uncredited Matt Damon and Ben Affleck as extras in the Fenway Park scene who were then unknown actors. [PAR] FUN FACT: The baseball diamond still exists and you can visit and even play baseball there. [PAR] Tin Cup (1996) [PAR] "Sex and golf are the two things you can enjoy even if you\'re not good at them." [PAR] This romantic comedy sees Costner as a burnt-out pro golfer trying to get into the US Open to win the heart of his rival’s girlfriend, played by the gorgeous Rene Russo. [PAR] Tin Cup is a quality movie with Kevin in his prime heart throb mode. [PAR] FUN FACT: Pierce Brosnan was originally considered for the role of the rival. Three years later he would get his own on-screen romance with Rene Russo in The Thomas Crown Affair. [PAR] Bull Durham (1988) [PAR] Another classic baseball film, but this one pre-dates Field of Dreams. Bull Durham sees a young Costner and his protégé Tim Robbins getting tangled up with a sports groupie played by Susan Sarandon. [PAR] Bull Durham was a smash in the US but lesser known in the UK. It\'s well worth checking out.\xa0 [PAR] FUN FACT: The director found out there really was a baseball player called ‘Crash’ Davis already. When he approached Davis to ask his permission, Davis asked, "Do I get the girl in the end?" Shelton told him he does and Davis agreed. [PAR] American Flyers (1985) [PAR] An even earlier movie, American Flyers follows Costner’s character Marcus as he competes in a gruelling bike race through the Rocky Mountains. [PAR] Not only does he have'}, 'question': {'"What sport is featured in the film ""Field of Dreams"" starring Kevin Costner?"'}}

['baseball player' 'baseball']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Phoenix, ArizonaPhoenix is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Arizona. With 1,563,025 people (as of 2015), Phoenix is the sixth most populous city nationwide, the most populous state capital in the United States, and the only state capital with a population of more than 1 million residents. [PAR] Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, which in turn is a part of the Salt River Valley. The metropolitan area is the 12th largest by population in the United States, with approximately 4.3\xa0million people as of 2010. In addition, Phoenix is the county seat of Maricopa County and is one of the largest cities in the United States by land area. [PAR] Settled in 1867 as an agricultural community near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers, Phoenix incorporated as a city in 1881. Located in the northeastern reaches of the Sonoran Desert, Phoenix has a subtropical desert climate. Despite this, its canal system led to a thriving farming community, many of the original crops remaining important parts of the Phoenix economy for decades, such as alfalfa, cotton, citrus, and hay (which was important for the cattle industry). In fact, the "Five C\'s" (Cotton, Cattle, Citrus, Climate, and Copper), remained the driving forces of Phoenix\'s economy until after World War II, when high-tech industries began to move into the valley and air conditioning made residences much more comfortable in the very hot summers. [PAR] The city averaged a 4 percent annual population growth rate over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s. This growth rate slowed during the Great Recession of 2007–09, and has rebounded slowly. Phoenix is the cultural center of the Valley of the Sun, as well as the entire state. [PAR] History [PAR] Early history [PAR] For more than 2,000\xa0years, the Hohokam peoples occupied the land that would become Phoenix. The Hohokam created roughly 135\xa0miles (217\xa0km) of irrigation canals, making the desert land arable. Paths of these canals would later become used for the modern Arizona Canal, Central Arizona Project Canal, and the Hayden-Rhodes Aqueduct. The Hohokam also carried out extensive trade with the nearby Anasazi, Mogollon and Sinagua, as well as with the more distant Mesoamerican civilizations. It is believed that between 1300 and 1450, periods of drought and severe floods led to the Hohokam civilization\'s abandonment of the area. [PAR] After the departure of the Hohokam, groups of Akimel O\'odham (commonly known as Pima), Tohono O\'odham and Maricopa tribes began to use the area, as well as segments of the Yavapai and Apache. The O\'odham were offshoots of the Sobaipuri tribe, who in turn were thought to be the descendants of the formerly urbanized Hohokam. [PAR] The Akimel O\'odham were the major Indian group in the area, and lived in small villages, with well-defined irrigation systems, which spread over the entire Gila River Valley, from Florence in the east to the Estrellas in the west. Their crops included corn, beans and squash for food, while cotton and tobacco were also cultivated. Mostly a peaceful group, they did band together with the Maricopa for their mutual protection against incursions by both the Yuma and Apache tribes. The Maricopa are part of the larger Yuma people, however they migrated east from the lower Colorado and Gila Rivers in the early 1800s, when they began to be enemies with their Yuma brethren, settling amongst the existing communities of the Akimel O\'odham. [PAR] The Tohono O\'odham lived in the region as well, but their main concentration was to the south, and stretched all the way to the Mexican border. Living in small settlements, the O\'odham were seasonal farmers who took advantage of the rains, rather than the large-scale irrigation of the Akimel. They grew crops such as sweet Indian corn, tapery beans, squash, lentils sugar cane and melons, as well as taking advantage of native plants, such as saguaro fruits, cholla buds, mesquite tree beans, and mesquite candy ('}, 'question': {'What river runs through Phoenix, Arizona, USA?'}}

['salt river']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Lake Titicaca | lake, South America | Britannica.comLake Titicaca | lake, South America | Britannica.com [PAR] Lake Titicaca [PAR] Puno [PAR] Lake Titicaca, Spanish Lago Titicaca, the world’s highest lake navigable to large vessels, lying at 12,500 feet (3,810 metres) above sea level in the Andes Mountains of South America , astride the border between Peru to the west and Bolivia to the east. Titicaca is the second largest lake of South America (after Maracaibo). It covers some 3,200 square miles (8,300 square km) and extends in a northwest-to-southeast direction for a distance of 120 miles (190 km). It is 50 miles (80 km) across at its widest point. A narrow strait, Tiquina, separates the lake into two bodies of water. The smaller, in the southeast, is called Lake Huiñaymarca in Bolivia and Lake Pequeño in Peru; the larger, in the northwest, is called Lake Chucuito in Bolivia and Lake Grande in Peru. [PAR] An Aymara Indian poling a reed boat on Lake Titicaca, near the Bolivian shore. The Cordillera Real … [PAR] © Tony Morrison/South American Pictures [PAR] Lake Titicaca. [PAR] © Index Open [PAR] The meaning of the name Titicaca is uncertain, but it has been variously translated as Rock of the Puma or Crag of Lead. Titicaca lies between Andean ranges in a vast basin (about 22,400 square miles [58,000 square km] in area) that comprises most of the Altiplano (High Plateau) of the central Andes. In the snow-covered Cordillera Real on the northeastern (Bolivian) shore of the lake, some of the highest peaks in the Andes rise to heights of more than 21,000 feet (6,400 metres). [PAR] The lake averages between 460 and 600 feet (140 and 180 metres) in depth, but the bottom tilts sharply toward the Bolivian shore, reaching its greatest recorded depth of 920 feet (280 metres) off Isla Soto in the lake’s northeast corner. [PAR] More than 25 rivers empty their waters into Titicaca; the largest, the Ramis, draining about two-fifths of the entire Titicaca Basin, enters the northwestern corner of the lake. One small river , the Desaguadero , drains the lake at its southern end. This single outlet empties only 5 percent of the lake’s excess water; the rest is lost by evaporation under the fierce sun and strong winds of the dry Altiplano. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Lake Todos los Santos [PAR] Titicaca’s level fluctuates seasonally and over a cycle of years. During the rainy season (summer, from December to March) the level of the lake rises, normally to recede during the dry winter months. It was formerly believed that Titicaca was slowly drying up, but modern studies have seemed to refute this, indicating a more or less regular cycle of rise and fall. [PAR] Titicaca’s waters are limpid and only slightly brackish, with salinity ranging from 5.2 to 5.5 parts per 1,000. Surface temperatures average 56 °F (14 °C); from a thermocline at 66 feet (20 m) temperatures drop to 52 °F (11 °C) at the bottom. Analyses show measurable quantities of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate in the water. [PAR] Lake Titicaca’s fish life consists principally of two species of killifish ( Orestias)—a small fish, usually striped or barred with black—and a catfish (Trichomycterus). In 1939, and subsequently, trout were introduced into Titicaca. A large frog ( Telmatobius), which may reach a length of nearly a foot, inhabits the shallower regions of the lake. [PAR] Forty-one islands, some of them densely populated, rise from Titicaca’s waters. The largest, Titicaca Island (Spanish: Isla de Titicaca, also called Isla del Sol ), lies just off the tip of the Copacabana Peninsula in Bolivia. [PAR] Isla del Sol, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. [PAR] Jeremy Woodhouse—Digital Vision/Getty Images [PAR] Ruins on the lake’s bottom (where the remains of a temple were discovered in 2000), on its shore, and on the islands attest to the previous existence of one of the oldest civilizations known in'}, 'question': {'Lake Titicaca is on which continent?'}}

['south america']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Troubles tunes which annoyed Auntie - BBC NEWSBBC NEWS | UK | Northern Ireland | Troubles tunes which annoyed Auntie [PAR] Troubles tunes which annoyed Auntie [PAR] By Johnny Caldwell [PAR] BBC News [PAR] It may not get the biggest cheer of the night but the Police\'s hit Invisible Sun might well generate the most conversation among those attending the group\'s gig at Belfast\'s Stormont Estate. [PAR] The Police play Stormont as part of their world tour [PAR] The song was banned by the BBC in 1981 because of its overtly political, Northern Ireland-inspired lyrics, which refer to the "barrel of an Armalite" and "keeping out of trouble like the soldiers say". [PAR] And it continues: "And they\'re only going to change this place by killing everybody in the human race." [PAR] The Police, reformed and on a world tour, play Stormont, the seat of Northern Ireland\'s fledgling assembly, on Friday night. [PAR] Their video for Invisible Sun, which featured on the same album as Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic, also contained footage of life in Belfast and beyond during the Troubles. [PAR] However, Sting and the boys were far from the only act to be sanctioned by Auntie over a song linked to Northern Ireland\'s Troubles. [PAR] Songs referring to the Troubles in Northern Ireland were often banned [PAR] Paul McCartney and Wings\' response to the events of Bloody Sunday, Give Ireland Back to the Irish, similarly fell foul of the BBC in 1972. [PAR] In fact the song title was even not allowed to be mentioned on the air, and it was refered to on Radio 1\'s chart countdown as "a record by the group Wings". [PAR] Around the same time, McGuinness Flint\'s Let The People Go which was linked to internment in Northern Ireland was also banned by the BBC. [PAR] \'Tiocfaidh Ar La\' [PAR] More recently in 1993 hip-hop outfit Marxman\'s Sad Affair, which protested against the presence of British troops in Northern Ireland, was almost universally banned by UK radio stations, including those operated by the BBC. [PAR] The song, also contained the Irish phrase "Tiocfaidh Ar La", or \'Our day will come\', which is associated with Irish republicans. [PAR] The most famous song the BBC has banned is probably Frankie Goes to Hollywood\'s "Relax". [PAR] While it has no obvious link with Northern Ireland, it demonstrated that being taken off the airwaves isn\'t necessarily a bad for the artist concerned. [PAR] Relax was banned while at number six in the charts, but went on to top the UK singles chart for no less than five weeks.[DOC] [TLE] The Police - Invisible Sun (plus lyrics) (1981) [HIGH ...The Police - Invisible Sun (plus lyrics) (1981) [HIGH QUALITY COVER VERSION] - YouTube [PAR] The Police - Invisible Sun (plus lyrics) (1981) [HIGH QUALITY COVER VERSION] [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 11, 2011 [PAR] New version, clear audio quality. [PAR] To buy this song from the Amazon Store click here http://amzn.to/K5G2yX [PAR] This is a cover version by Top of the Poppers [PAR] Subscribe to our you tube channel for more music videos [PAR] Become a fan of Pickwick Record Label on facebook http://www.facebook.com/PickwickRecor... [PAR] "Invisible Sun" is a hit single by rock group The Police, released in September 1981. The song\'s lyrics stem from songwriter Sting\'s pondering how people living in war-torn and/or impoverished countries find the will to go on living, and despite the dark music and often morbid lyrical statements, the song carries an intensely uplifting and optimistic message. The song was deeply personal for drummer Stewart Copeland, whose hometown of Beirut was being heavily bombed at the time of the song\'s recording. [PAR] It was the first single to be released in the United Kingdom from the album Ghost in the Machine and it reached number 2'}, 'question': {'"The song ""Invisible Sun"" was banned by the BBC in 1981. Who was the artist?"'}}

['police']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] NepalNepal (; ), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia with a population of 26.4 million. It is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language. Kathmandu is the nation\'s capital and largest city. Modern Nepal is a secular parliamentary republic. Its economy depends on tourism, handicrafts, garments, carpets, tea, coffee, IT services, banking and hydropower. [PAR] Nepal is bordered by China to the north and India to the south, east, and west. It is separated from Bangladesh by a narrow Indian corridor and from Bhutan by the Indian state of Sikkim. Nepal is located in the Himalayas and is home to eight of the world\'s ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Its southern Madhesh region is fertile and humid. The country has an area of , making it the world\'s 93rd largest country by area. It is also the 41st most populous country. [PAR] Nepal is first recorded in texts from the Vedic Age, the era that founded Hinduism, the country\'s predominant religion. Nepal was the world\'s last Hindu monarchy. Siddharta Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, was born in Lumbini in the country\'s Rupandehi District. Buddhism is the country\'s second largest religion, with Tibetan Buddhism being the chief sect. The country also has minorities of Muslims, Kiratans and Christians. [PAR] Established in the 18th century, the early modern Kingdom of Nepal was led by the Shah dynasty, after Prithvi Narayan Shah unified many principalities in the region. The Rana dynasty administered Nepal\'s government as hereditary Prime Ministers until 1951. A multiparty democracy evolved until King Mahendra enacted the panchayat system in 1960. In 1990, a parliamentary government was permitted by King Birendra. Nepal faced a decade-long Communist Maoist insurgency and mass protests against the authoritarian King Gyanendra in 2005, which led to the abolition of the monarchy in 2008. Its 2nd constituent assembly promulgated a new constitution in 2015. [PAR] The Nepalese government works in the framework of a representative democracy with seven federal provinces. Nepal is a developing nation, ranking 145th on the Human Development Index (HDI) in 2014. The country struggles with the transition from a monarchy to a republic. It also suffers from high levels of hunger and poverty. Despite these challenges, Nepal is making steady progress, with the government declaring its commitment to elevate the nation from least developed country status in 2022. [PAR] Nepal has friendship treaties with India and the United Kingdom. It is a founding member and hosts the permanent secretariat of SAARC. It is also a member of the United Nations and BIMSTEC. Nepal is strategically important due to its location between Asia\'s great powers, China and India. [PAR] Etymology [PAR] Local legends say that a Hindu sage named "Ne" established himself in the valley of Kathmandu in prehistoric times and that the word "Nepal" came into existence as the place was protected ("pala" in Pali) by the sage "Ne". It is mentioned in Vedic texts that this region was called Nepal centuries ago. According to the Skanda Purana, a rishi called "Ne" or "Nemuni" used to live in the Himalayas. In the Pashupati Purana, he is mentioned as a saint and a protector. He is said to have practised meditation at the Bagmati and Kesavati rivers and to have taught there. [PAR] The name of the country is also identical in origin to the name of the Newar people. The terms "Nepāl", "Newār", "Newāl" and "Nepār" are phonetically different forms of the same word, and instances of the various forms appear in texts in different times in history. Nepal is the learned Sanskrit form and Newar is the colloquial Prakrit form. A Sanskrit inscription dated 512 CE found in Tistung, a valley to the west of Kathmandu, contains the phrase "greetings to the Nepals" indicating that the term "Nepal" was used to refer to both the country and the people. [PAR] It has been suggested that "Nepal" may be a Sanskritization of "Newar",'}, 'question': {'The House of Representatives of which country unanimously voted to become a secular and inclusive democratic republic on 28 May 2008, giving the King 15 days to vacate the palace, to re-open it as a public museum?'}}

['democratic republic of nepal' 'federal democratic republic of nepal' 'kingdom of nepal' 'republic of nepal' 'nepal']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Diplopia Definition - Double Vision - VerywellDiplopia Definition - Double Vision [PAR] Double Vision [PAR] By Troy Bedinghaus, OD [PAR] Updated April 10, 2016 [PAR] Are you seeing double? Double vision\xa0is the simultaneous\xa0perception\xa0of two images of a single object. The images may be displaced horizontally, vertically, diagonally, or rotationally in relation to each other. [PAR] What is double vision? [PAR] Double vision usually occurs when the eyes are misaligned, or not pointed at the same object, causing us to see two different images. Both images are sent to the brain which we process as double vision. [PAR] Most of the time, both of our eyes are pointed at the same object. This produces a clear, single image with just enough difference between the two images to give us a slightly different line of sight. This subtle difference gives us depth perception , often referred to as stereo vision. In fact, the farther apart an animals eyes are, the better depth perception it has. [PAR] Double vision can cause problems in life, including great difficulty in completing simple tasks. Luckily, the brain naturally guards against double vision by suppressing, or ignoring, one of the two images. \xa0We have a complex set of eye muscles and nerves that communicate with each other to keep both eyes moving along together. [PAR] Causes of Double Vision [PAR] The medical term for double vision is diplopia. Diplopia can be intermittent or constant. Because the pathway for the three main nerves that control eye muscle movement is long, complex and originates in the brain, double vision can be a sign of a serious neurological problem. [PAR] A defect anywhere along these pathways can possibly cause double vision. Some defects are caused by an injury to the head, stroke, aneurysm, brain tumor or brain swelling. Diabetes, hypertension and multiple sclerosis are common diseases that can cause a temporary paralysis of the nerves that control the eye muscles, which may cause double vision. [PAR] Another cause of double vision is strabismus . Strabismus is a condition that causes the eyes to be misaligned, often referred to as an "eye turn." Most people with strabismus are born with it and have an eye that tends to move inward or outward. Strabismus can also cause one eye to be pointed up or down. In many infants, it is difficult to find a true cause. Sometimes strabismus is caused by a large refractive error (need for prescription glasses) and sometimes eye tumors. [PAR] Most young children do not suffer from double vision even though their eyes are misaligned. Our brain often compensates and prevents us from seeing double by suppressing one of the images and making it disappear. Our brain learns to ignore the extra image, known as suppression. Children seem to adapt quickly and their brains suppress one of the images quickly. However, when one image is suppressed, a child is at risk for developing amblyopia, often referred to as lazy eye, because the eye is not being used properly. When strabismus develops in adults, double vision is more likely to occur. [PAR] An adult brain has difficulty suppression one image at first because for a large part of their life, both eyes were functioning to their fullest potential. [PAR] Monocular Diplopia [PAR] For the most part, you must have two fully functioning eyes to experience double vision. However, there is one type of double vision that can occur in one eye, called\xa0monocular diplopia. The most common cause of monocular diplopia is a cataract . A cataract is a clouding and opacification of the normally, clear lens inside the human eye. Most cataracts develop as we age. Some cataracts can be caused by trauma to the eye. Occasionally, the clouding occurs in sharp junctions in the lens which causes light to split into two when it enters the eyes. Some individuals perceive that as double vision. [PAR] Astigmatism can also cause double vision out of one eye. Astigmatism , a common vision problem that distorts vision, can sometimes elongate or stretch out an image so much that it appears to be double. [PAR] Treatment of Double Vision [PAR] Cover It\xa0- The simplest form of treatment of double vision is to cover one eye with a patch'}, 'question': {'What is the technical term for double vision?'}}

['double vision' 'diplopia']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaPierre-Auguste Renoir - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [PAR] Pierre-Auguste Renoir [PAR] For other persons named Renoir, see Renoir (disambiguation) . [PAR] Pierre-Auguste Renoir [PAR] Nude (painting) , 1910 [PAR] Pierre-Auguste Renoir ( February 25 , 1841 – December 3 , 1919 ) was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style. As a celebrator of beauty, and especially feminine sensuality, it has been said that "Renoir is the final representative of a tradition which runs directly from Rubens to Watteau ". [1] [PAR] Contents [PAR] [ edit ] Youth [PAR] Pierre-Auguste Renoir was born in Limoges , Haute-Vienne , France , the child of a working class family. As a boy, he worked in a porcelain factory where his drawing talents led to him being chosen to paint designs on fine china. [2] He also painted hangings for overseas missionaries and decorations on fans before he enrolled in art school. [3] During those early years, he often visited the Louvre to study the French master painters. [PAR] The Theater Box, 1874 by Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Courtauld Institute Galleries , London [PAR] In 1862 he began studying art under Charles Gleyre in Paris . There he met Alfred Sisley , Frédéric Bazille , and Claude Monet . [4] At times during the 1860s, he did not have enough money to buy paint. Although Renoir first started exhibiting paintings at the Paris Salon in 1864, [5] recognition did not come for another ten years, due, in part, to the turmoil of the Franco-Prussian War . [PAR] During the Paris Commune in 1871, while he painted on the banks of the Seine River , some members of a commune group thought he was a spy, and were about to throw him into the river when a commune leader, Raoul Rigault, recognized Renoir as the man who had protected him on an earlier occasion. [6] [PAR] In 1874, a ten-year friendship with Jules Le Coeur and his family ended, [7] and Renoir lost not only the valuable support gained by the association, but a generous welcome to stay on their property near Fontainebleau and its scenic forest . This loss of a favorite painting location resulted in a distinct change of subjects. [PAR] [ edit ] Maturity [PAR] Renoir experienced his initial acclaim when six of his paintings hung in the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874. In the same year two of his works were shown with Durand-Ruel in London. [7] [PAR] The Swing (La Balançoire), 1876, oil on canvas, Musée d\'Orsay , Paris [PAR] In 1881, he traveled to Algeria , a country he associated with Eugène Delacroix , [8] then to Madrid , to see the work of Diego Velázquez . Following that he traveled to Italy to see Titian \'s masterpieces in Florence and the paintings of Raphael in Rome . On January 15 , 1882 Renoir met the composer Richard Wagner at his home in Palermo , Sicily . Renoir painted Wagner\'s portrait in just thirty-five minutes. In the same year, Renoir convalesced for six weeks in Algeria after contracting pneumonia, which would cause permanent damage to his respiratory system. [9] [PAR] In 1883, he spent the summer in Guernsey , creating fifteen paintings in little over a month. Most of these feature Moulin Huet, a bay in Saint Martin\'s, Guernsey . Guernsey is one of the Channel Islands in the English Channel , and it has a varied landscape which includes beaches, cliffs, bays, forests, and mountains. These paintings were the subject of a set of commemorative postage stamps issued by the Bailiwick of Guernsey in 1983. [PAR] While living and working in Montmartre, Renoir employed as a model Suzanne Valadon , who posed for him (The Bathers, 1885-7; Dance at Bougival , 1883) [10] and many of his fellow painters while studying their techniques; eventually she became one of the leading painters of the day. [PAR] In 1887, a year when Queen Victoria celebrated her Golden Jubilee, and upon the request of the queen\'s associate, Phillip'}, 'question': {'"Who painted the famous paintings known as ""Children at the Beach at Guernsey"", ""Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette"", ""The Swing"" and ""The Theater Box""?"'}}

['auguste renoir' 'renoir']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] The Fate of Fletcher Christian - SkeptoidThe Fate of Fletcher Christian [PAR] \xa0 [PAR] The Fate of Fletcher Christian [PAR] Thursday October Christian [PAR] (Public domain image) [PAR] The mutiny on the Bounty is perhaps the best known of all stories from the era of wooden ships. Fletcher Christian, the infamous officer responsible for the affair, is believed to have died on Pitcairn Island, where he and the other mutineers took refuge. Yet some say his death was faked, and he did in fact make it back to England. Today we'll point the skeptical eye at these stories, and see if we can learn for certain where Fletcher Christian made his final atonement. [PAR] The basic story of the Bounty is not only well known, it's well documented and not in any meaningful doubt. In 1789, the small British naval ship left the island of Tahiti with a cargo of breadfruit plants. Three weeks later, its discontented crew, led by sailing master Fletcher Christian, mutineed against Captain William Bligh. Bligh and the loyal crew members were set adrift in the Bounty's open launch, in which they ultimately made it to safety, and made knowledge of the mutiny public. [PAR] Christian and his crew of 24 — eighteen mutineers, four loyalists who couldn't fit in Bligh's launch, and two neutral men — sought refuge for several months in some of the neighboring islands, but upon finding the natives too unfriendly, they returned briefly to Tahiti. Sixteen of the men remained there, leaving only eight aboard the Bounty; barely enough to sail her. And so, one night when the mutineers' women and some other natives happened to be on board, they set sail unexpectedly, effectively kidnapping the Tahitians. And thus was the founding population of Pitcairn Island established: eight British sailors, six Tahitian men, eleven Tahitian women, and one baby. These events are known from the accounts of the sailors who remained on Tahiti, including the four loyalists, who were either captured by or rejoined the British navy when the ship Pandora was dispatched to find them. [PAR] From that point onwards, the fate of the Bounty is more thinly documented. Fletcher Christian took his crew to Pitcairn Island because he knew from the British charts that its position was not precisely known, so they'd have a fair chance of evading capture. When they arrived, the Bounty was scuttled, both to avoid advertising their presence and to prevent anyone from leaving the island and possibly raising the alarm. We know for a fact that the Bounty was sunk because its remains have been found. Without any reasonable doubt, Fletcher Christian left Tahiti aboard a ship that went to Pitcairn Island and nowhere else. No other ship of any nation reported encountering them en route. [PAR] One of the mutineers who elected to remain on Tahiti was Peter Heywood, a close friend of Christian's. Along with the others, Heywood was captured by the Pandora in 1791 and returned to England. He was court martialed and sentenced to hang; but his was a family of wealth and influence, and Heywood received a pardon. Heywood returned to service in the navy, rose through the ranks, and had a successful career as a captain. Heywood was to play a pivotal role in the theories of Christian's alleged return to England. It was reported in 1831 by Sir John Barrow, an acquaintance of Heywood's, who detailed the following account in his book The Mutiny and Piratical Seizure of HMS Bounty: [PAR] In Fore-street, Plymouth Dock, Captain Heywood found himself one day walking behind a man, whose shape had so much the appearance of Christian's, that he involuntarily quickened his pace. Both were walking very fast, and the rapid steps behind him having roused the stranger's attention, he suddenly turned his face, looked at Heywood, and immediately ran off. But the face was as much like Christian's as the back, and Heywood, exceedingly excited, ran also. Both ran as fast as they were able; but the stranger had the advantage, and, after making several short turns, disappeared. [PAR] That Christian should be in England, Heywood considered as highly improbable,"}, 'question': {'"After the mutiny on the ""Bounty"", Fletcher Christian and his men took women from where to colonise Pitcairn Island?"'}}

['tahiti']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Open the pages of the Beastiary and learn about creatures ...Beastiary [PAR] Wyvern. [PAR] Dragon. [PAR] The dragon or 'winged serpent' (occasionally called a worm as with the Lambton Worm) is probably the most complex, widespread and ambivalent of mythical monsters, appearing in the mythology and symbolism of all nations. Originally it was a wholly beneficent creature, its serpent-like body representing matter and the life-giving waters, while its wings identified it with the spirit and the breath of life. It was an attribute of the Sky Gods and their earthly counterparts and representatives - the emperors and kings. It occurred as a divine or imperial emblem in Babylon, Egypt, China, Japan, Greece and Rome, and also for the early kings of England and Wales. Later it beca6e ambivalent, symbolizing either the supreme celestial creative power or evil and destruction, wasting the land by fire or by trampling it to death; this dual symbolism was that of the beneficent sky and the fertilizing rains on the one hand and the malefic forces of lightning and flood on the other. This division is apparent in the Eastern and Western attitudes to the dragon; in the Orient it maintains its beneficent aspect, representing celestial power; in the West it is evil, chthonic and baleful. [PAR] When dragons appear as monsters they are autochthonous 'masters of the ground' and must be fought for mastery of the land or to win the guarded treasure In this role they play a considerable part in the sagas of heroes and conquerors, in the legends of saints, in knight-errantry and chivalry. The well-known legend of St George and the Dragon has its counterpart in many ancient traditions: the conflict between Horus and Typhon, Bel and the Dragon, Marduk and Tiamat, Perseus and Medusa, Bellerophon and the Chimera, Apollo and the Python, Hercules and the Hydra, Thor and the Dragon; added to these there are endless 'local' slayers of dragons. [PAR] Killing the dragon depicts the conflict between fight and darkness; overcoming the dark nature and attaining self-mastery, or, if the dragon is a guardian, it symbolizes the winning of the treasure of inner or esoteric knowledge, or in rescuing the princess it releases pure forces kept in bondage by the powers of evil. [PAR] The dragon is frequently a fire-breathing monster. Euripides describes it as breathing forth fire and slaughter; in the Old Testament Moses has fiery serpents and Isaiah a fiery flying serpent. [PAR] Dragons represent the power of darkness in Summer-Semitic myth, they are the Adversary. In Babylonian lore Marduk, the Sun, slays Tiamat, the force of evil and chaos. The Egyptian dragon was an emblem of Soirees as God of the Dead, but it was also an imperial attribute. The dragon of darkness, Apophis, was overcome each morning by the Sun God, Ra. In Greek-Roman myth it was an attribute of Heracles/Hercules as a sliver of monsters. Ceres flew to heaven in a chariot drawn by two dragons and later lent it to Triptolem to distribute corn all over the world; Medusa fled Jason in a chariot drawn by winged dragons and Apollo may be taken as a dragon-slayer when he killed the Python, the dragon and serpent being largely interchangeable in mythology. [PAR] In Semitic lore dragons were associated with death and destruction. The Hebrew symbolism of the malefic powers of darkness depicted by the dragon was carried over into Christianity when it was equated with 'that old serpent', the power of evil, symbolizing the Devil, the Tempter in conflict with God and the powers of righteousness. In the Old Testament the 'place of dragons' was associated with the 'shadow of death' and the waters of the deep. In the Middle Ages the dragon was synonymous with sin, paganism and heresy, the Devil and all evil that is overcome by St Michael. In the Apocalypse the dragon is again the 'old serpent', the deceiver. St George is only one of the saints involved with dragons. SS Cado, Clement, Keyne, Margaret"}, 'question': {'What fabulous creature appears in the Heraldry of Wales, Japan and China and is typical of evil in Christian lore?'}}

['dragon' 'dragons']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {"[DOC] [TLE] Burma Human Rights - Historycentral2009 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices [PAR] March 11, 2010 [PAR] Burma, with an estimated population of 54 million, is ruled by a highly authoritarian military regime dominated by the majority ethnic Burman group. The State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), led by Senior General Than Shwe, was the country's de facto government. Military officers wielded the ultimate authority at each level of government. In 1990 prodemocracy parties won more than 80 percent of the seats in a general parliamentary election, but the regime continued to ignore the results. In May 2008 the regime held a referendum on its draft constitution and declared the constitution had been approved by 92.48 percent of voters, a figure no independent observers believed was valid. The constitution specifies that the SPDC will continue to rule until a new parliament is convened, scheduled to take place following national elections in 2010. The military government controlled the security forces without civilian oversight. [PAR] The regime continued to abridge the right of citizens to change their government and committed other severe human rights abuses. Government security forces allowed custodial deaths to occur and committed extrajudicial killings, disappearances, rape, and torture. The government detained civic activists indefinitely and without charges. In addition regime-sponsored mass-member organizations engaged in harassment, abuse, and detention of human rights and prodemocracy activists. The government abused prisoners and detainees, held persons in harsh and life-threatening conditions, routinely used incommunicado detention, and imprisoned citizens arbitrarily for political motives. The army continued its attacks on ethnic minority villagers. The government sentenced Aung San Suu Kyi--general secretary of the country's independence movement, the National League for Democracy (NLD)--to 18 additional months of house arrest for violating the terms of her confinement. The government routinely infringed on citizens' privacy and restricted freedom of speech, press, assembly, association, religion, and movement. The government did not allow domestic human rights nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to function independently, and international NGOs encountered a difficult environment. Violence and societal discrimination against women continued, as did recruitment of child soldiers, discrimination against ethnic minorities, and trafficking in persons, particularly of women and girls. Workers' rights remained restricted. Forced labor, including that of children, also persisted. The government took no significant actions to prosecute or punish those responsible for human rights abuses. [PAR] Ethnic armed groups and some cease-fire groups allegedly committed human rights abuses, including forced labor and recruitment of child soldiers. [PAR] RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS [PAR] Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From: [PAR] a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life [PAR] There were numerous reports the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings. The government rarely punished officials responsible for the deaths. During the year there were reports of killings in connection with conflict in Shan and Karen states (see section 1.g.). [PAR] In May in Rakhine State, government troops reportedly killed two Rohingya attempting to cross the Naff River into Bangladesh. [PAR] In May in Magwe Division, military agents killed army sergeant Myint Soe during interrogation regarding the theft of firearms and ammunition from a military armory. [PAR] In November in Bago Division, Win Maung reportedly died one day after police interrogated him regarding a theft case. A police agent declared officials would investigate the incident. [PAR] In 2008 security forces killed several persons in their custody; however, at year's end no officials had been held accountable. For example, there were no developments in the killings by soldiers and riot police of at least 40 inmates at Insein Prison in May 2008. The government did not investigate or punish those responsible for other custodial deaths in 2008, including the following persons, all of whom died during interrogation: Zawmir Uddin in Rakhine State in February, a medical worker in Khawzar police station in Mon State in May, and a man at Magwe police station in June. [PAR] The government took no action to investigate or punish those responsible for extrajudicial killings of at least 30 persons during the regime's violent suppression of peaceful prodemocracy demonstrations in 2007, including Buddhist monk U Thilavantha and Japanese photojournalist Kenji Nagai. Additionally, the government did not investigate or punish those"}, 'question': {'In which country do these laws apply: the 1975 State Protection Act (Article 10 b), which grants the government the power to imprison persons for up to five years without a trial, and the Law to Safeguard the State Against the Dangers of Those Desiring to Cause Subversive Acts (Article 10 a)?'}}

['union of burma' 'burma' 'myanmar']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Grease (1978) - Rotten TomatoesView All Photos (10) [PAR] Movie Info [PAR] "Grease," said the poster and the Barry Gibb song, "is the word." Transferring its setting from Chicago to sunny California, and adding a dash of disco to the ersatz \'50s score, producer Allan Carr and director Randal Kleiser turned this long-running Jim Jacobs-Warren Casey Broadway smash into the biggest blockbuster of 1978. 1950s teens Danny (John Travolta) and Australian transfer Sandy (Olivia Newton-John) spend their "Summer Nights" falling in love, but once fall comes, it\'s back to Rydell High and its cliques. As one of the bad-boy T-Birds, Danny has to act cool for best pal Kenickie (Jeff Conaway) and their leather-clad mates Sonny (Michael Tucci) and Doody (Barry Pearl, in the role Travolta played on-stage). Despite befriending Frenchy (Didi Conn), one of the rebel Pink Ladies, virginal Sandy is "too pure to be Pink," as the Ladies\' leader, Rizzo (Stockard Channing), acidly observes. Declaring their devotion in such ballads as "Hopelessly Devoted to You" and "Sandy," Sandy and Danny split, reconcile, and split again amidst a pep rally, dances, drive-ins, and a drag race, before deciding "You\'re the One That I Want" at the climactic carnival. With Travolta white-hot from Saturday Night Fever (1977), Grease soundtrack singles climbed the charts and summer movie crowds poured in. With the presence of Joan Blondell, Eve Arden, Sid Caesar, Edd "Kookie" Byrnes, and Frankie Avalon appealing to grown-up memories, Grease became the highest-grossing film of 1978, the highest-grossing movie musical ever, and the third most popular film of the new blockbuster \'70s after Star Wars (1977) and Jaws (1975). Its sequel, Grease 2, did not exactly set the world on fire in 1982. ~ Lucia Bozzola, Rovi [PAR] Rating:[DOC] [TLE] Grease (9/10) Movie CLIP - Sandy (1978) HD - YouTubeGrease (9/10) Movie CLIP - Sandy (1978) HD - YouTube [PAR] Grease (9/10) Movie CLIP - Sandy (1978) HD [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 10, 2011 [PAR] Grease movie clips: http://j.mp/1BcPM13 [PAR] Don\'t miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6pr [PAR] CLIP DESCRIPTION: [PAR] Danny (John Travolta) wanders the drive-in, heartbroken over Sandy. [PAR] FILM DESCRIPTION: [PAR] "Grease," said the poster and the Barry Gibb song, "is the word." Transferring its setting from Chicago to sunny California, and adding a dash of disco to the ersatz \'50s score, producer Allan Carr and director Randal Kleiser turned this long-running Jim Jacobs-Warren Casey Broadway smash into the biggest blockbuster of 1978. 1950s teens Danny (John Travolta) and Australian transfer Sandy (Olivia Newton-John) spend their "Summer Nights" falling in love, but once fall comes, it\'s back to Rydell High and its cliques. As one of the bad-boy T-Birds, Danny has to act cool for best pal Kenickie (Jeff Conaway) and their leather-clad mates Sonny (Michael Tucci) and Doody (Barry Pearl, in the role Travolta played on-stage). Despite befriending Frenchy (Didi Conn), one of the rebel Pink Ladies, virginal Sandy is "too pure to be Pink," as the Ladies\' leader, Rizzo (Stockard Channing), acidly observes. Declaring their devotion in such ballads as "Hopelessly Devoted to You" and "Sandy," Sandy and Danny split, reconcile, and split again amidst a pep rally, dances, drive-ins'}, 'question': {'"Who played ""Sandy"" in the 1975 film ""Grease""?"'}}

['olivia newton']

As a reading comprehension expert, you will receive context and question. Please understand the given Context first and then output the answer of the question based on the Context

{'context': {'[DOC] [TLE] Mr Darcy information from The Jane Austen CentreMr Darcy information from the Jane Austen Centre [PAR] Mr Darcy information from the Jane Austen Centre [PAR] Home \xa0/\xa0 Jane Austen\'s Books and Characters \xa0/\xa0Mr Darcy information from The Jane Austen Centre [PAR] Mr Darcy information from the Jane Austen Centre [PAR] Posted on [PAR] Categories: Jane Austen\'s Books and Characters , Uncategorized Tags: Colin Firth , Darcy [PAR] Share this: Mr Darcy in Pride and Prejudice Mr Darcy, \xa0Mr Fitzwilliam Darcy,\xa0is one of Jane Austen’s most beloved male heroes from her novel Pride and Prejudice. Mr Darcy has a large estate of Pemberley which sits in Derbyshire and he has claim to a fortune of ten thousand a year. The Pemberley estate is extremely large with many acres of land to its claim. “It was a large handsome, stone building, standing well on rising ground, and backed by a ridge of high woody hills (174).” He inherited it from his father, who has died five years before the book begins. He has in his care a younger sister by the name of Georgiana Darcy whom he has sent to be educated in London. Mr Darcy’s best friend is Charles Bingley whom he stays with for most of Pride and Prejudice at his estate of Netherfield. Mr Darcy holds particular hatred for a militiaman named Mr. Wickham with whom Darcy grew up and attended school. Mr. Wickham was a favourite of Darcy’s father as a child but grew up to be an indulgent fellow with no principles and eventually betrayed his friendship. Mr Darcy’s first description in Pride and Prejudice is when he walks into the room at the first dance of the novel, “he soon drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall person, handsome features, noble mien.” However, he is soon found to be and extremely disagreeable, proud man with no consideration for anyone. As [PAR] Want to read the full article? [PAR] Sign up for free Jane Austen Membership or if you are an existing user please login [PAR] Existing Users Log In[DOC] [TLE] Fitzwilliam Darcy - The Jane Austen Wiki - WikiaFitzwilliam Darcy | The Jane Austen Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Eventually, Mr. Darcy declared his love for Elizabeth and proposed; yet, while expressing his ardent love, he reminded her of the large gap in their social status. Elizabeth was offended and vehemently refused him, expressing her reasons for disliking him, including her knowledge of his interference with Jane and Bingley and the account she received from Mr. Wickham of Darcy\'s alleged unfair treatment toward him. Further insulted by Darcy\'s hurt retorts, Elizabeth claimed that the manner in which he proposed to her prevented her from feeling concern for him she "might have felt had [he] behaved in a more gentlemanlike manner". Darcy departed in anger and mortification and, that night, penned a letter to Elizabeth in which he defended his honor, revealed the motives for his interference in Jane and Bingley\'s relationship, and gave a thorough account of his lifelong dealings with Wickham, who attempted to seduce and elope with Darcy\'s younger sister, Georgiana , the previous summer. After at all he fall in love of Elizabeth. [PAR] Realizations and visit at Pemberley [PAR] Edit [PAR] Although initially angered by Elizabeth\'s vehement refusal and harsh criticism, Darcy was surprised to discover the reality of how his behaviour was perceived by others, particularly Elizabeth, and commited himself to re-evaluating his actions. A few months later, Darcy unexpectedly encountered Elizabeth during her visit to his estate in Derbyshire with her aunt and uncle. Elizabeth was first embarrassed to be discovered at Pemberley, having only visited on the belief that Darcy was absent; however, she was surprised to discover a marked change in Darcy\'s manner. In response to Elizabeth\'s criticism and due to his subsequent realizations, Darcy was determined to display the "gentlemanlike manner" she accused him of lacking, and astonished her with his kindness towards both her and her relations. [PAR] Confronting Wickham and finding Lydia [PAR] Edit [PAR] Although he attempted to keep her unaware of his involvement, Darcy claims that he acted not to gain Elizabeth\'s gratitude—but rather to ease'}, 'question': {'"In Jane Austen\'s ""Pride and Prejudice"", what was Mr Darcy\'s first name?"'}}

['fitzwilliam']