update dataset 20240805

data/dev/China Mobile Zhejiang.json

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+[
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-知识召回02",
+        "question": "当系统出现性能瓶颈时，运维人员首先应该考虑的是什么？",
+        "A": "增加服务器硬件资源",
+        "B": "优化程序代码",
+        "C": "升级操作系统",
+        "D": "重新设计系统架构",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "增加服务器硬件资源",
+            "优化程序代码",
+            "升级操作系统",
+            "重新设计系统架构"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-知识召回03",
+        "question": "在运维工作中，以下哪项不是“监控和日志分析”的主要目的？",
+        "A": "实时检测系统运行状态",
+        "B": "分析用户行为",
+        "C": "预测系统故障",
+        "D": "提高系统安全性",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "实时检测系统运行状态",
+            "分析用户行为",
+            "预测系统故障",
+            "提高系统安全性"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-知识召回04",
+        "question": "在运维工作中，以下哪项措施对于提高系统稳定性最有效？",
+        "A": "频繁更新软件版本",
+        "B": "定期进行系统备份",
+        "C": "忽视安全漏洞",
+        "D": "随意更改服务器配置",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "频繁更新软件版本",
+            "定期进行系统备份",
+            "忽视安全漏洞",
+            "随意更改服务器配置"
+        ]
+    }
+]

data/dev/Financial IT.json

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+[
+    {
+        "question": "主要服务于基于Java平台的项目构建、依赖管理和项目信息管理的工具是( )。",
+        "choices": [
+            "eclipse",
+            "ant",
+            "make",
+            "maven"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-0",
+        "A": "eclipse",
+        "B": "ant",
+        "C": "make",
+        "D": "maven"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "使用gcc对文件进行编译时,参数( )表示对生成的代码进行优化。",
+        "choices": [
+            "–o",
+            "–O",
+            "–c",
+            "-w"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-1",
+        "A": "–o",
+        "B": "–O",
+        "C": "–c",
+        "D": "-w"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在shell 中变量的赋值有四种方法，其中，采用name=12 的方法称（） 。",
+        "choices": [
+            "直接赋值",
+            "使用read 命令",
+            "使用命令行参数",
+            "使用命令的输出"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-2",
+        "A": "直接赋值",
+        "B": "使用read 命令",
+        "C": "使用命令行参数",
+        "D": "使用命令的输出"
+    }
+]

data/dev/Hybrid Cloud.json

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+[
+    {
+        "question": "下列哪一项不是问题管理的真正目标：",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-1",
+        "choices": [
+            "防止问题及相关故障",
+            "在问题生命周期内管理问题",
+            "为用户恢复服务",
+            "最小化重复发生故障的影响"
+        ],
+        "A": "防止问题及相关故障",
+        "B": "在问题生命周期内管理问题",
+        "C": "为用户恢复服务",
+        "D": "最小化重复发生故障的影响"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在一个大型电子商务平台上线新功能后，用户开始报告无法完成购物交易的问题。一开始，这只是零星的用户反馈，但随着时间的推移，越来越多的用户遇到相同的问题。用户支持团队陆续收到了大量关于购物交易失败的事故报告。这引起了公司的关注，因为购物交易是该平台的核心功能之一。请问，以下哪个描述更符合问题管理的角度而不是事故管理？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-3",
+        "choices": [
+            "团队应该深入分析为什么购物交易会失败，采取措施确保问题不再发生。",
+            "公司应立即采取措施解决交易失败的问题，以尽快恢复受影响的服务。",
+            "用户支持团队应该尽快处理事故报告，以减轻用户的不满和损失。",
+            "公司应该在购物交易失败的情况下提供赔偿，以平息用户的不满。"
+        ],
+        "A": "团队应该深入分析为什么购物交易会失败，采取措施确保问题不再发生。",
+        "B": "公司应立即采取措施解决交易失败的问题，以尽快恢复受影响的服务。",
+        "C": "用户支持团队应该尽快处理事故报告，以减轻用户的不满和损失。",
+        "D": "公司应该在购物交易失败的情况下提供赔偿，以平息用户的不满。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在ITIL配置管理中，以下哪一项是配置管理的目标之一？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-4",
+        "choices": [
+            "提高事件管理的效率",
+            "提供准确的配置信息来支持所有服务管理流程",
+            "最大程度减小反复出现事故的发生",
+            "加速系统变更的速度"
+        ],
+        "A": "提高事件管理的效率",
+        "B": "提供准确的配置信息来支持所有服务管理流程",
+        "C": "最大程度减小反复出现事故的发生",
+        "D": "加速系统变更的速度"
+    }
+]

data/dev/Operations Monitoring.json

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+[
+    {
+        "question": "什么原因能导致Zabbix agent (active)类型监控项无法采集到任何数据？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-1",
+        "choices": [
+            "主机上没有创建Zabbix Agent接口",
+            "Zabbix Agent没有监听默认端口",
+            "Zabbix Agent配置文件的Server参数中的Zabbix Server IP不正确",
+            "Zabbix Agent配置文件中定义的主机名，与主机配置中的主机名不匹配"
+        ],
+        "A": "主机上没有创建Zabbix Agent接口",
+        "B": "Zabbix Agent没有监听默认端口",
+        "C": "Zabbix Agent配置文件的Server参数中的Zabbix Server IP不正确",
+        "D": "Zabbix Agent配置文件中定义的主机名，与主机配置中的主机名不匹配"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix Server服务启动失败，可以从哪里查找启动失败的详细信息？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-2",
+        "choices": [
+            "Web Server log file",
+            "Zabbix Agent log file",
+            "Windows Event Log",
+            "Zabbix Server log file",
+            "Zabbix Server configuration file"
+        ],
+        "A": "Web Server log file",
+        "B": "Zabbix Agent log file",
+        "C": "Windows Event Log",
+        "D": "Zabbix Server log file",
+        "E": "Zabbix Server configuration file"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix Server服务无法启动，日志中有“out of memory”报错，如何处理？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-3",
+        "choices": [
+            "增加Zabbix Server所在操作系统物理内存的值",
+            "增加Zabbix Agent配置文件中的“BufferSize”参数的值",
+            "增加Zabbix Proxy配置文件中的“CacheSize”参数的值",
+            "增加Zabbix Server配置文件中的“CacheSize”参数的值"
+        ],
+        "A": "增加Zabbix Server所在操作系统物理内存的值",
+        "B": "增加Zabbix Agent配置文件中的“BufferSize”参数的值",
+        "C": "增加Zabbix Proxy配置文件中的“CacheSize”参数的值",
+        "D": "增加Zabbix Server配置文件中的“CacheSize”参数的值"
+    }
+]

data/dev/Securities Information System.json

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+[
+    {
+        "question": "21. 下面对国家秘密定级和范围的描述中，哪项不符合《保守国家秘密法》 要求？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": " 保守国家秘密法第第二十条机关、单位对是否属于国家秘密或者属于何种密级不明确或者有争议的，由国家保密行政管理部门或者省、自治区、且辖市保密行政管理部门确定。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-0",
+        "choices": [
+            "国家秘密及其密级的具体范围，由国家保密工作部门分别会同外交、公安、国家安全和其他中央有关机关规定。",
+            "各级国家机关、单位对所产生的国家秘密事项，应当按照国家秘密及其密级具体范围的规定确定密级。",
+            "对是否属于国家机密和属F何种密级不明确的事项，可由各单位自行参考国家要求确定和定级，然后报国家保密工作部门确定。",
+            "对是否属于国家秘密和属于何种密级不明确的事项。由国家保密工作部门，省、自治区、直辖市的保密工作部门。省、自治区政府所在地的市和经国务院批准的较大的市的保密工作部门审定或者国家保密工作部门审定的机关确定。"
+        ],
+        "A": "国家秘密及其密级的具体范围，由国家保密工作部门分别会同外交、公安、国家安全和其他中央有关机关规定。",
+        "B": "各级国家机关、单位对所产生的国家秘密事项，应当按照国家秘密及其密级具体范围的规定确定密级。",
+        "C": "对是否属于国家机密和属F何种密级不明确的事项，可由各单位自行参考国家要求确定和定级，然后报国家保密工作部门确定。",
+        "D": "对是否属于国家秘密和属于何种密级不明确的事项。由国家保密工作部门，省、自治区、直辖市的保密工作部门。省、自治区政府所在地的市和经国务院批准的较大的市的保密工作部门审定或者国家保密工作部门审定的机关确定。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "22. 为防范网络欺诈确保交易安全，网银系统首先要求用户安全登录，然后使用”智能卡短信认证”模式进行网上转账等交易。在此场景中用到下列哪些鉴别方法？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": " 基于你所知道的(你所知道的)，如知识、口令、密码；基于你所拥有的(你所拥有的)，如身份证、信用卡、钥匙、智能卡、令牌；基于你的个人特征(你是什么)，指纹，笔迹，声音，手型，脸型，视网膜虹膜。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-1",
+        "choices": [
+            "实体”所知”以及实体”所有”的鉴别方法。",
+            "实体”所有”以及实体”特征”的鉴别方法。",
+            "实体”所知”以及实体”特征”的鉴别方法。",
+            "实体”所有”以及实体”行为”的鉴别方法。"
+        ],
+        "A": "实体”所知”以及实体”所有”的鉴别方法。",
+        "B": "实体”所有”以及实体”特征”的鉴别方法。",
+        "C": "实体”所知”以及实体”特征”的鉴别方法。",
+        "D": "实体”所有”以及实体”行为”的鉴别方法。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "23. 关于数据库恢复技术，下列说法不正确的是？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": " D选项事务的操作称为回滚。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-2",
+        "choices": [
+            "数据库恢复技术的实现主要依推各种数据的冗余和恢复机制技术来解决，当数据库中数据被破坏时，可以利用冗余数据来进行修义。",
+            "数据库管理员定期地将整个数据库或部分数据库文件备份到磁带或另一个磁盘上保存起来，是数据库恢复中采用的基本技术。",
+            "日志文件在数据库恢中起着非常重要的作用，可以用来进行事物故障恢复和系统故障恢复，并协助后备副本进行介质故障快复。",
+            "计算机系统发生故障导致数据未存储到固定在储器上，利用日志文件中故障发生前数据的值，将数据库恢复到故障发生前的完整状态，这对事务的操作称为提交。"
+        ],
+        "A": "数据库恢复技术的实现主要依推各种数据的冗余和恢复机制技术来解决，当数据库中数据被破坏时，可以利用冗余数据来进行修义。",
+        "B": "数据库管理员定期地将整个数据库或部分数据库文件备份到磁带或另一个磁盘上保存起来，是数据库恢复中采用的基本技术。",
+        "C": "日志文件在数据库恢中起着非常重要的作用，可以用来进行事物故障恢复和系统故障恢复，并协助后备副本进行介质故障快复。",
+        "D": "计算机系统发生故障导致数据未存储到固定在储器上，利用日志文件中故障发生前数据的值，将数据库恢复到故障发生前的完整状态，这对事务的操作称为提交。"
+    }
+]

data/test/5G Communication.json

@@ -4171,5 +4171,325 @@
         "qtype": 0,
         "answer": "C",
         "solution": ""
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在5GS中，用于鉴权方式选择的核心网节点是？",
+        "choices": [
+            "AMF",
+            "SMF",
+            "UDM",
+            "AUSF"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-0",
+        "A": "AMF",
+        "B": "SMF",
+        "C": "UDM",
+        "D": "AUSF"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "SMF通过TAI选()的UPF，SMF通过DNN选()的UPF。",
+        "choices": [
+            "数据服务;N3",
+            "N3;数据服务",
+            "N9;数据服务",
+            "N9;N3"
+        ],
+        "A": "数据服务;N3",
+        "B": "N3;数据服务",
+        "C": "N9;数据服务",
+        "D": "N9;N3",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-1"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "UDM不支持如下功能特性",
+        "choices": [
+            "生成AKA鉴权秘钥",
+            "合法监听",
+            "SMS业务支持",
+            "支持3GPP接入和非3GPP接入鉴权"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-2",
+        "A": "生成AKA鉴权秘钥",
+        "B": "合法监听",
+        "C": "SMS业务支持",
+        "D": "支持3GPP接入和非3GPP接入鉴权"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "5G SA归属地接入需要新增",
+        "choices": [
+            "SGW、PGW分离部署",
+            "I-SMF、I-UPF",
+            "特殊切片",
+            "特殊配置"
+        ],
+        "A": "SGW、PGW分离部署",
+        "B": "I-SMF、I-UPF",
+        "C": "特殊切片",
+        "D": "特殊配置",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-3"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于Fullmesh约束说法不正确的是",
+        "choices": [
+            "Fullmesh部署时要求配置为U面分配F-TEIDU",
+            "20.0Fullmesh部署下主推U面分配UEIP地址",
+            "Fullmesh部署场景下，SMF间/UPF间用户支持无损的备份关系",
+            "Fullmesh部署时最多支持32个SMF，256个UPF互联"
+        ],
+        "A": "Fullmesh部署时要求配置为U面分配F-TEIDU",
+        "B": "20.0Fullmesh部署下主推U面分配UEIP地址",
+        "C": "Fullmesh部署场景下，SMF间/UPF间用户支持无损的备份关系",
+        "D": "Fullmesh部署时最多支持32个SMF，256个UPF互联",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-4"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "PDU会话建立过程中，SMF通过查询哪个参数查找AMF？",
+        "choices": [
+            "amfRegionId",
+            "amfSetId",
+            "nfInstanceId",
+            "nfservice"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-5",
+        "A": "amfRegionId",
+        "B": "amfSetId",
+        "C": "nfInstanceId",
+        "D": "nfservice"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "5G初始注册场景下，AMF发送给gNB的InitialContextSetupRequest消息中不包含如下哪个信元",
+        "choices": [
+            "GUAMI",
+            "AllowedNSSAI",
+            "SecurityKey",
+            "ConfiguredNSSAI"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-6",
+        "A": "GUAMI",
+        "B": "AllowedNSSAI",
+        "C": "SecurityKey",
+        "D": "ConfiguredNSSAI"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下述哪个标识符是由AMF分配的？",
+        "choices": [
+            "GPSI",
+            "SUPI",
+            "5G-GUTI",
+            "SUCI"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-7",
+        "A": "GPSI",
+        "B": "SUPI",
+        "C": "5G-GUTI",
+        "D": "SUCI"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "NSA场景中，S1-mme接口上特征信令流程是？",
+        "choices": [
+            "PathSwitch",
+            "e-RABSetup",
+            "Iurelease",
+            "e-RABModification"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-8",
+        "A": "PathSwitch",
+        "B": "e-RABSetup",
+        "C": "Iurelease",
+        "D": "e-RABModification"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "5GNSA单模终端，从5GSA网络漫入5GSA网络（不支持NSA），享受什么服务？",
+        "choices": [
+            "5GNSA",
+            "5GSA",
+            "4G",
+            "4G或5GNSA"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-9",
+        "A": "5GNSA",
+        "B": "5GSA",
+        "C": "4G",
+        "D": "4G或5GNSA"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "SMF和UPF的接口是？",
+        "choices": [
+            "N1",
+            "N2",
+            "N3",
+            "N4"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-10",
+        "A": "N1",
+        "B": "N2",
+        "C": "N3",
+        "D": "N4"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下面那个容灾技术是5G特有的",
+        "choices": [
+            "POOL",
+            "NFSET容灾",
+            "1+1主备",
+            "跨DC容灾"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-11",
+        "A": "POOL",
+        "B": "NFSET容灾",
+        "C": "1+1主备",
+        "D": "跨DC容灾"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "5G中用于和非3GPP互连的网关是？",
+        "choices": [
+            "TWAG",
+            "ePDG",
+            "N3IWF",
+            "AP/AC"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-12",
+        "A": "TWAG",
+        "B": "ePDG",
+        "C": "N3IWF",
+        "D": "AP/AC"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "注册流程中，AMF查询切片信息时会向哪个NF去请求切片鉴权信息？",
+        "choices": [
+            "PCF",
+            "UDM",
+            "NSSF",
+            "NRF"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-13",
+        "A": "PCF",
+        "B": "UDM",
+        "C": "NSSF",
+        "D": "NRF"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "4G/5GMME和AMF之间的互操作接口是？",
+        "choices": [
+            "N24",
+            "N25",
+            "N26",
+            "N27"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-14",
+        "A": "N24",
+        "B": "N25",
+        "C": "N26",
+        "D": "N27"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下场景适用于非竞争随机接入的有",
+        "choices": [
+            "UE初始接入",
+            "UE重建",
+            "UE有上行数据发送，但上行失步",
+            "切换"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-15",
+        "A": "UE初始接入",
+        "B": "UE重建",
+        "C": "UE有上行数据发送，但上行失步",
+        "D": "切换"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "5G-QOS模型不涉及",
+        "choices": [
+            "5QI",
+            "QCI",
+            "ARP",
+            "QOSFlow"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-16",
+        "A": "5QI",
+        "B": "QCI",
+        "C": "ARP",
+        "D": "QOSFlow"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "做为对5G寻呼的响应，UE应发起servicerequest流程，此时的servicetype取值应是？",
+        "choices": [
+            "signaling",
+            "data",
+            "emergency",
+            "mobileterminatedservices"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-17",
+        "A": "signaling",
+        "B": "data",
+        "C": "emergency",
+        "D": "mobileterminatedservices"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "AMF基于什么信息判断是否在寻呼消息中包含寻呼优先级指示",
+        "choices": [
+            "PCF传递的ARP值",
+            "SMF传递的ARP值",
+            "PCF传递的5QI参数",
+            "SMF传递的5QI参数"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-18",
+        "A": "PCF传递的ARP值",
+        "B": "SMF传递的ARP值",
+        "C": "PCF传递的5QI参数",
+        "D": "SMF传递的5QI参数"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "通过如下RegistrationRequest中的哪个信元来判断UE侧是否存在待唤醒的会话",
+        "choices": [
+            "Follow-onrequest",
+            "PDUsessionstatus",
+            "AllowedPDUsessionstatus",
+            "Uplinkdatastatus"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "huaweicloud-19",
+        "A": "Follow-onrequest",
+        "B": "PDUsessionstatus",
+        "C": "AllowedPDUsessionstatus",
+        "D": "Uplinkdatastatus"
     }
 ]

data/test/China Mobile Zhejiang.json

@@ -0,0 +1,1682 @@
+[
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-知识召回05",
+        "question": "在处理系统故障时，运维人员最先应该查看的是什么？",
+        "A": "用户手册",
+        "B": "系统日志",
+        "C": "网络配置",
+        "D": "硬件状态",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "用户手册",
+            "系统日志",
+            "网络配置",
+            "硬件状态"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-知识召回06",
+        "question": "以下哪项是运维工作中“容量规划”的主要考虑因素？",
+        "A": "用户数量",
+        "B": "系统架构",
+        "C": "网络安全",
+        "D": "硬件设备",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "用户数量",
+            "系统架构",
+            "网络安全",
+            "硬件设备"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-知识召回07",
+        "question": "以下哪项是运维工作中“高可用性”的关键要素？",
+        "A": "数据备份",
+        "B": "系统速度",
+        "C": "用户界面",
+        "D": "网络带宽",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "数据备份",
+            "系统速度",
+            "用户界面",
+            "网络带宽"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-知识召回08",
+        "question": "在运维工作中，以下哪项不是“性能优化”的常见方法？",
+        "A": "调整系统参数",
+        "B": "增加硬件资源",
+        "C": "减少用户数量",
+        "D": "优化代码逻辑",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "调整系统参数",
+            "增加硬件资源",
+            "减少用户数量",
+            "优化代码逻辑"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-知识召回09",
+        "question": "在运维工作中，以下哪项措施对于提高系统安全性最有效？",
+        "A": "增加系统用户数",
+        "B": "定期更新安全补丁",
+        "C": "忽略安全警告",
+        "D": "随意配置防火墙",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "增加系统用户数",
+            "定期更新安全补丁",
+            "忽略安全警告",
+            "随意配置防火墙"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-知识召回10",
+        "question": "在运维工作中，以下哪项是“容量规划”的主要目标？",
+        "A": "提高系统性能",
+        "B": "确保系统安全",
+        "C": "满足未来需求",
+        "D": "减少维护成本",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "提高系统性能",
+            "确保系统安全",
+            "满足未来需求",
+            "减少维护成本"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-知识召回11",
+        "question": "以下哪项不是运维工作中“故障预防”的常见措施？",
+        "A": "定期维护",
+        "B": "监控和日志分析",
+        "C": "频繁重启服务器",
+        "D": "安全漏洞扫描",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "定期维护",
+            "监控和日志分析",
+            "频繁重启服务器",
+            "安全漏洞扫描"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-实际应用02",
+        "question": "在处理系统安全事件时，以下哪项措施是最先应该采取的？",
+        "A": "重启服务器",
+        "B": "分析日志文件",
+        "C": "通知所有用户",
+        "D": "隔离受影响的系统",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "重启服务器",
+            "分析日志文件",
+            "通知所有用户",
+            "隔离受影响的系统"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-实际应用03",
+        "question": "在进行数据库备份时，以下哪种备份策略通常不被推荐？",
+        "A": "全量备份",
+        "B": "增量备份",
+        "C": "差分备份",
+        "D": "仅备份最近一周的数据",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "全量备份",
+            "增量备份",
+            "差分备份",
+            "仅备份最近一周的数据"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-实际应用04",
+        "question": "监控系统发现CPU使用率持续高位，以下哪种措施最有可能是错误的？",
+        "A": "检查运行的进程",
+        "B": "增加CPU核心数",
+        "C": "优化代码",
+        "D": "检查硬件故障",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "检查运行的进程",
+            "增加CPU核心数",
+            "���化代码",
+            "检查硬件故障"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-实际应用05",
+        "question": "在进行网络故障排查时，以下哪项操作是最不可能找到问题根源的？",
+        "A": "检查网络设备的配置",
+        "B": "使用ping命令测试网络连通性",
+        "C": "随意更换网络设备",
+        "D": "分析网络流量数据",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "检查网络设备的配置",
+            "使用ping命令测试网络连通性",
+            "随意更换网络设备",
+            "分析网络流量数据"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-实际应用06",
+        "question": "在处理服务器硬件故障时，以下哪种做法是不推荐的？",
+        "A": "立即关闭服务器",
+        "B": "使用备用硬件替换故障部件",
+        "C": "联系硬件供应商技术支持",
+        "D": "忽略故障并继续运行服务器",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "立即关闭服务器",
+            "使用备用硬件替换故障部件",
+            "联系硬件供应商技术支持",
+            "忽略故障并继续运行服务器"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-实际应用07",
+        "question": "在进行数据库恢复时，以下哪项操作是最关键的？",
+        "A": "选择正确的备份文件",
+        "B": "设置数据库连接参数",
+        "C": "配置恢复环境",
+        "D": "执行恢复操作",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "选择正确的备份文件",
+            "设置数据库连接参数",
+            "配置恢复环境",
+            "执行恢复操作"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-实际应用08",
+        "question": "在处理系统性能瓶颈时，以下哪种方法通常不是首选？",
+        "A": "分析系统资源使用情况",
+        "B": "增加硬件资源",
+        "C": "减少用户访问量",
+        "D": "优化软件配置",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "分析系统资源使用情况",
+            "增加硬件资源",
+            "减少用户访问量",
+            "优化软件配置"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-分析思考02",
+        "question": "在处理一起服务器宕机事件时，你发现服务器日志中有多条内存溢出错误。接下来，你应该如何分析并解决问题？",
+        "A": "立即重启服务器",
+        "B": "增加服务器内存",
+        "C": "检查运行的应用程序",
+        "D": "调整操作系统的内存管理设置",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "立即重启服务器",
+            "增加服务器内存",
+            "检查运行的应用程序",
+            "调整操作系统的内存管理设置"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-分析思考03",
+        "question": "在监控网络流量时，你发现某个时间段的流量异常高。你应该如何分析并确定原因？",
+        "A": "检查所有服务器的日志",
+        "B": "分析流量数据的来源和目的地",
+        "C": "增加网络带宽",
+        "D": "关闭不必要的网络服务",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "检查所有服务器的日志",
+            "分析流量数据的来源和目的地",
+            "增加网络带宽",
+            "关闭不必要的网络服务"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-分析思考04",
+        "question": "在进行故障排查时，你发现多个系统日志中都有相同的错误消息。你应该如何进一步分析？",
+        "A": "忽略这些错误消息",
+        "B": "检查相关的系统配置",
+        "C": "立即更换所有相关硬件",
+        "D": "重启所有相关服务",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "忽略这些错误消息",
+            "检查相关的系统配置",
+            "立即更换所有相关硬件",
+            "重启所有相关服务"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-分析思考05",
+        "question": "你负责维护一个复杂的分布式系统，最近发现性能下降。你应该如何开始分析性能问题？",
+        "A": "检查所有节点的硬件资源使用情况",
+        "B": "增加所有节点的硬件资源",
+        "C": "重新部署整个系统",
+        "D": "审查最近的系统更改和更新",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "检查所有节点的硬件资源使用情况",
+            "增加所有节点的硬件资源",
+            "重新部署整个系统",
+            "审查最近的系统更改和更新"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-分析思考06",
+        "question": "在处理一起用户报告的系统延迟问题时，你首先应该如何收集信息？",
+        "A": "询问用户他们是否使用了最新版本的系统",
+        "B": "检查系统的日志文件",
+        "C": "增加服务器的内存",
+        "D": "联系网络管理员",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "询问用户他们是否使用了最新版本的系统",
+            "检查系统的日志文件",
+            "增加服务器的内存",
+            "联系网络管理员"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-分析思考07",
+        "question": "在处理一起系统安全事件时，你发现多个日志文件显示有未经授权的访问尝试。你应该如何分析和应对这种情况？",
+        "A": "立即封锁所有外部访问",
+        "B": "仅关注最近一次的未授权访问尝试",
+        "C": "分析访问模式以确定攻击者的目的",
+        "D": "忽略这些尝试，因为它们可能是误报",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "立即封锁所有外部访问",
+            "仅关注最近一次的未授权访问尝试",
+            "分析访问模式以确定攻击者的目的",
+            "忽略这些尝试，因为它们可能是误报"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-分析思考08",
+        "question": "你负责一个大型企业的IT基础设施，最近发现有一些服务器的磁盘空间使用率异常高。你应该如何分析和解决这个问题？",
+        "A": "增加所有服务器的磁盘空间",
+        "B": "删除一些不必要的文件以释放空间",
+        "C": "分析各个服务器的磁盘使用情况，找出占用空间最大的文件或目录",
+        "D": "重装所有服务器的操作系统",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "增加所有服务器的磁盘空间",
+            "删除一些不必要的文件以释放空间",
+            "分析各个服务器的磁盘使用情况，找出占用空间最大的文件或目录",
+            "重装所有服务器的操作系统"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-分析思考09",
+        "question": "在监控系统性能时，你发现CPU使用率持续较高。你应该如何分析和解决这个问题？",
+        "A": "增加CPU的核心数",
+        "B": "降低系统负载",
+        "C": "分析CPU使用率高的进程和应用程序",
+        "D": "调整操作系统的任务调度策略",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "增加CPU的核心数",
+            "降低系统负载",
+            "分析CPU使用率高的进程和应用程序",
+            "调整操作系统的任务调度策略"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维能力-分析思考10",
+        "question": "在处理一起网络故障时，你发现网络延迟异常高。你应该如何分析和解决这个问题？",
+        "A": "更换所有的网络设备",
+        "B": "增加网络带宽",
+        "C": "分析网络流量和延迟数据，找出瓶颈或异常行为",
+        "D": "忽略延迟，因为它可能只是暂时的",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "更换所有的网络设备",
+            "增加网络带宽",
+            "分析网络流量和延迟数据，找出瓶颈或异常行为",
+            "忽略延迟，因为它可能只是暂时的"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-自动化脚本02",
+        "question": "Bash 脚本中，哪个符号用于注释？",
+        "A": "#",
+        "B": "//",
+        "C": "/* */",
+        "D": "--",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "#",
+            "//",
+            "/* */",
+            "--"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-自动化脚本03",
+        "question": "自动化脚本在运维中的主要优势是什么？",
+        "A": "提高效率",
+        "B": "减少错误",
+        "C": "替代人工",
+        "D": "提高安全性",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "提高效率",
+            "减少错误",
+            "替代人工",
+            "提高安全性"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-自动化脚本04",
+        "question": "在Bash自动化脚本中，如何执行外部命令并获取其输出？",
+        "A": "exec()",
+        "B": "system()",
+        "C": "command",
+        "D": "&command",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "exec()",
+            "system()",
+            "command",
+            "&command"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-自动化脚本05",
+        "question": "Python 中，哪个模块���于处理文件和目录路径？",
+        "A": "os",
+        "B": "sys",
+        "C": "pathlib",
+        "D": "shutil",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "os",
+            "sys",
+            "pathlib",
+            "shutil"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-自动化脚本06",
+        "question": "在Bash自动化脚本中，如何捕获命令的执行状态（成功或失败）？",
+        "A": "$?",
+        "B": "$#",
+        "C": "$*",
+        "D": "$@",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "$?",
+            "$#",
+            "$*",
+            "$@"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-自动化脚本07",
+        "question": "在Bash自动化脚本中，哪个命令用于循环遍历目录中的文件？",
+        "A": "for",
+        "B": "while",
+        "C": "if",
+        "D": "case",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "for",
+            "while",
+            "if",
+            "case"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-自动化脚本08",
+        "question": "在Linux运维中，以下哪个Python库通常用于执行系统命令？",
+        "A": "os",
+        "B": "subprocess",
+        "C": "shutil",
+        "D": "glob",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "os",
+            "subprocess",
+            "shutil",
+            "glob"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-自动化脚本09",
+        "question": "在Python自动化脚本中，以下哪个模块通常用于解析配置文件（如INI文件）？",
+        "A": "json",
+        "B": "configparser",
+        "C": "xml.etree.ElementTree",
+        "D": "pickle",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "json",
+            "configparser",
+            "xml.etree.ElementTree",
+            "pickle"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-自动化脚本10",
+        "question": "在Python自动化运维脚本中，以下哪个函数可以用于获取当前工作目录的完整路径？",
+        "A": "os.getcwd()",
+        "B": "os.path.abspath()",
+        "C": "os.path.dirname()",
+        "D": "os.listdir()",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "os.getcwd()",
+            "os.path.abspath()",
+            "os.path.dirname()",
+            "os.listdir()"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-自动化脚本11",
+        "question": "在Python中，以下哪个方法可以用于在文件中逐行读取内容？",
+        "A": "open(file, 'r').readlines()",
+        "B": "open(file, 'r').read()",
+        "C": "open(file, 'r').write()",
+        "D": "open(file, 'r').close()",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "open(file, 'r').readlines()",
+            "open(file, 'r').read()",
+            "open(file, 'r').write()",
+            "open(file, 'r').close()"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-自动化脚本12",
+        "question": "在Python自动化运维脚本中，以下哪个库通常用于发送邮件？",
+        "A": "smtplib",
+        "B": "email",
+        "C": "imaplib",
+        "D": "poplib",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "smtplib",
+            "email",
+            "imaplib",
+            "poplib"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-监控告警02",
+        "question": "Linux系统中，用于监控系统资源使用情况的命令是？",
+        "A": "top",
+        "B": "vmstat",
+        "C": "netstat",
+        "D": "lsof",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "top",
+            "vmstat",
+            "netstat",
+            "lsof"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-监控告警03",
+        "question": "在Linux中，哪个工具通常用于性能监控和告警？",
+        "A": "Zabbix",
+        "B": "Ansible",
+        "C": "Docker",
+        "D": "Kubernetes",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "Zabbix",
+            "Ansible",
+            "Docker",
+            "Kubernetes"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-监控告警04",
+        "question": "以下哪个不是Linux系统性能监控工具？",
+        "A": "sar",
+        "B": "iostat",
+        "C": "ps",
+        "D": "vmstat",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "sar",
+            "iostat",
+            "ps",
+            "vmstat"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-监控告警05",
+        "question": "在Linux中，用于监控磁盘空间使用情况的命令是？",
+        "A": "df",
+        "B": "du",
+        "C": "fdisk",
+        "D": "lsblk",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "df",
+            "du",
+            "fdisk",
+            "lsblk"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-监控告警06",
+        "question": "以下哪个工具不是用于Linux系统监控的？",
+        "A": "Nagios",
+        "B": "Zabbix",
+        "C": "Puppet",
+        "D": "Prometheus",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "Nagios",
+            "Zabbix",
+            "Puppet",
+            "Prometheus"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-监控告警07",
+        "question": "在Linux中，用于监控网络接口的命令是？",
+        "A": "netstat",
+        "B": "ifconfig",
+        "C": "ip",
+        "D": "nmap",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "netstat",
+            "ifconfig",
+            "ip",
+            "nmap"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-监控告警08",
+        "question": "以下哪个不是Linux系统监控告警的常用方式？",
+        "A": "邮件通知",
+        "B": "短信通知",
+        "C": "社交媒体通知",
+        "D": "Web界面展示",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "邮件通知",
+            "短信通知",
+            "社交媒体通知",
+            "Web界面展示"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-监控告警09",
+        "question": "在Linux系统中，syslog通常用于？",
+        "A": "系统日志记录",
+        "B": "网络性能监控",
+        "C": "磁盘空间监控",
+        "D": "用户行为监控",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "系统日志记录",
+            "网络性能监控",
+            "磁盘空间监控",
+            "用户行为监控"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-监控告警10",
+        "question": "以下哪个工具可以用于Linux系统的图形化监控？",
+        "A": "htop",
+        "B": "glances",
+        "C": "nmon",
+        "D": "top",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "htop",
+            "glances",
+            "nmon",
+            "top"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-监控告警11",
+        "question": "在Linux中，哪个命令用于查看系统负载情况？",
+        "A": "uptime",
+        "B": "last",
+        "C": "who",
+        "D": "w",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "uptime",
+            "last",
+            "who",
+            "w"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-监控告警12",
+        "question": "Linux系统中，哪个文件通常用于记录系统错误日志？",
+        "A": "/var/log/messages",
+        "B": "/var/log/secure",
+        "C": "/var/log/syslog",
+        "D": "/var/log/errors",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "/var/log/messages",
+            "/var/log/secure",
+            "/var/log/syslog",
+            "/var/log/errors"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-性能优化01",
+        "question": "在Linux系统中，哪个命令可以用来查看系统的CPU使用情况？",
+        "A": "top",
+        "B": "df",
+        "C": "du",
+        "D": "ls",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "top",
+            "df",
+            "du",
+            "ls"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-性能优化02",
+        "question": "为了提升Linux文件系统的性能，我们通常会使用哪种类型的文件系统？",
+        "A": "EXT2",
+        "B": "EXT3",
+        "C": "EXT4",
+        "D": "XFS",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "EXT2",
+            "EXT3",
+            "EXT4",
+            "XFS"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-性能优化03",
+        "question": "在Linux中，调整哪个参数可以优化网络性能？",
+        "A": "net.core.rmem_default",
+        "B": "vm.swappiness",
+        "C": "fs.file-max",
+        "D": "kernel.pid_max",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "net.core.rmem_default",
+            "vm.swappiness",
+            "fs.file-max",
+            "kernel.pid_max"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-性能优化04",
+        "question": "如何查看Linux系统的内存使用情况？",
+        "A": "free -m",
+        "B": "df -h",
+        "C": "du -sh",
+        "D": "vmstat",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "free -m",
+            "df -h",
+            "du -sh",
+            "vmstat"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-性能优化05",
+        "question": "在Linux系统中，哪个工具���以用来分析磁盘I/O性能？",
+        "A": "iostat",
+        "B": "netstat",
+        "C": "vmstat",
+        "D": "top",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "iostat",
+            "netstat",
+            "vmstat",
+            "top"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-性能优化06",
+        "question": "以下哪种方式可以有效地优化数据库的性能？",
+        "A": "增加CPU核心数",
+        "B": "使用更快的硬盘",
+        "C": "增加内存大小",
+        "D": "减少数据库连接数",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "增加CPU核心数",
+            "使用更快的硬盘",
+            "增加内存大小",
+            "减少数据库连接数"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-性能优化07",
+        "question": "以下哪个参数可以用来调整Linux系统的文件描述符上限？",
+        "A": "ulimit -n",
+        "B": "ulimit -u",
+        "C": "ulimit -t",
+        "D": "ulimit -s",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "ulimit -n",
+            "ulimit -u",
+            "ulimit -t",
+            "ulimit -s"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-性能优化08",
+        "question": "在Linux系统中，如何优化文件系统的I/O性能？",
+        "A": "增加CPU核心数",
+        "B": "使用SSD硬盘",
+        "C": "禁用SELinux",
+        "D": "频繁进行磁盘碎片整理",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "增加CPU核心数",
+            "使用SSD硬盘",
+            "禁用SELinux",
+            "频繁进行磁盘碎片整理"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-性能优化09",
+        "question": "以下哪个工具可以用来分析系统的整体性能瓶颈？",
+        "A": "top",
+        "B": "htop",
+        "C": "perf",
+        "D": "iostat",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "top",
+            "htop",
+            "perf",
+            "iostat"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-性能优化10",
+        "question": "在Linux系统中，调整文件系统的挂载选项可以优化I/O性能。以下哪个挂载选项通常用于提高磁盘读写的性能？",
+        "A": "noatime",
+        "B": "relatime",
+        "C": "async",
+        "D": "sync",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "noatime",
+            "relatime",
+            "async",
+            "sync"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-性能优化11",
+        "question": "在Linux中，当系统内存不足时，以下哪种策略可以提高系统的性能？",
+        "A": "增加交换空间（Swap Space）",
+        "B": "禁用不必要的服务",
+        "C": "频繁地执行磁盘碎片整理",
+        "D": "增大文件系统的inode大小",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "增加交换空间（Swap Space）",
+            "禁用不必要的服务",
+            "频繁地执行磁盘碎片整理",
+            "增大文件系统的inode大小"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-性能优化12",
+        "question": "Linux系统中，哪个工具可以用来监控系统的资源使用情况，包括CPU、内存、磁盘和网络等？",
+        "A": "sar",
+        "B": "iostat",
+        "C": "vmstat",
+        "D": "sysstat",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "sar",
+            "iostat",
+            "vmstat",
+            "sysstat"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-软件部署01",
+        "question": "在Linux中，使用哪个命令来安装软件包（基于RPM的包管理系统）？",
+        "A": "apt-get install",
+        "B": "yum install",
+        "C": "dnf install",
+        "D": "pacman -S",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "apt-get install",
+            "yum install",
+            "dnf install",
+            "pacman -S"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-软件部署02",
+        "question": "在部署Web应用时，通常将网站的配置文件放在哪个目录下？",
+        "A": "/var/www",
+        "B": "/etc/httpd",
+        "C": "/var/log/httpd",
+        "D": "/usr/share/nginx",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "/var/www",
+            "/etc/httpd",
+            "/var/log/httpd",
+            "/usr/share/nginx"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-软件部署03",
+        "question": "如何查看Linux系统中已安装的所有软件包（基于APT的包管理系统）？",
+        "A": "apt-get list",
+        "B": "dpkg -l",
+        "C": "apt list",
+        "D": "apt-cache search",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "apt-get list",
+            "dpkg -l",
+            "apt list",
+            "apt-cache search"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-软件部署04",
+        "question": "如何在Linux中压缩文件为.tar.gz格式？",
+        "A": "tar -czvf filename.tar.gz",
+        "B": "gzip filename",
+        "C": "zip filename.zip",
+        "D": "rar filename.rar",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "tar -czvf filename.tar.gz",
+            "gzip filename",
+            "zip filename.zip",
+            "rar filename.rar"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-软件部署05",
+        "question": "如何将前台进程转移到后台运行？",
+        "A": "&",
+        "B": "ctrl+z",
+        "C": "bg",
+        "D": "fg",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "&",
+            "ctrl+z",
+            "bg",
+            "fg"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-软件部署06",
+        "question": "在Linux中，哪个命令用于安装本地源的RPM包？",
+        "A": "yum localinstall",
+        "B": "rpm -e",
+        "C": "rpm -qa",
+        "D": "yum remove",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "yum localinstall",
+            "rpm -e",
+            "rpm -qa",
+            "yum remove"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-软件部署07",
+        "question": "如何使用yum命令更新所有的软件包？",
+        "A": "yum update",
+        "B": "yum upgrade",
+        "C": "yum dist-upgrade",
+        "D": "yum refresh",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "yum update",
+            "yum upgrade",
+            "yum dist-upgrade",
+            "yum refresh"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-软件部署08",
+        "question": "如何使用apt命令安装一个软件包？",
+        "A": "apt-get install package-name",
+        "B": "apt install package-name",
+        "C": "apt-get package-name",
+        "D": "apt package-name",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "apt-get install package-name",
+            "apt install package-name",
+            "apt-get package-name",
+            "apt package-name"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-软件部署09",
+        "question": "在Linux中，如何设置开机启动项？",
+        "A": "chkconfig",
+        "B": "systemctl enable",
+        "C": "update-rc.d",
+        "D": "ntsysv",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "chkconfig",
+            "systemctl enable",
+            "update-rc.d",
+            "ntsysv"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-软件部署10",
+        "question": "如何查看Linux系统中某个进程的PID？",
+        "A": "ps -ef | grep process-name",
+        "B": "top -p process-name",
+        "C": "pidof process-name",
+        "D": "kill process-name",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "ps -ef | grep process-name",
+            "top -p process-name",
+            "pidof process-name",
+            "kill process-name"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-软件部署11",
+        "question": "如何查看Linux系统中所有已启动的服务？",
+        "A": "systemctl status",
+        "B": "service --status-all",
+        "C": "chkconfig --list",
+        "D": "ps aux | grep service",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "systemctl status",
+            "service --status-all",
+            "chkconfig --list",
+            "ps aux | grep service"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-软件部署12",
+        "question": "如何将文件从本地复制到远程服务器？",
+        "A": "scp local-file remote-user@remote-host:remote-directory",
+        "B": "rsync local-file remote-user@remote-host:remote-directory",
+        "C": "ftp remote-host put local-file remote-directory",
+        "D": "cp local-file remote-user@remote-host:remote-directory",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "scp local-file remote-user@remote-host:remote-directory",
+            "rsync local-file remote-user@remote-host:remote-directory",
+            "ftp remote-host put local-file remote-directory",
+            "cp local-file remote-user@remote-host:remote-directory"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-故障分析与诊断01",
+        "question": "在Linux系统中，当你怀疑某个服务没有正常启动时，你应该首先查看哪个目录来确认服务状态？",
+        "A": "/etc/init.d",
+        "B": "/var/log/",
+        "C": "/usr/sbin/",
+        "D": "/proc/",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "/etc/init.d",
+            "/var/log/",
+            "/usr/sbin/",
+            "/proc/"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-故障分析与诊断02",
+        "question": "如果你想查看Linux系统的网络配置信息，你应该查看哪个文件？",
+        "A": "/etc/resolv.conf",
+        "B": "/etc/network/interfaces",
+        "C": "/etc/fstab",
+        "D": "/etc/hosts",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "/etc/resolv.conf",
+            "/etc/network/interfaces",
+            "/etc/fstab",
+            "/etc/hosts"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-故障分析与诊断03",
+        "question": "在Linux中，如果你想要查找并杀死某个进程，你应该使用哪个命令？",
+        "A": "kill",
+        "B": "ps",
+        "C": "grep",
+        "D": "find",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "kill",
+            "ps",
+            "grep",
+            "find"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-故障分析与诊断04",
+        "question": "在Linux中，查看系统日志的常用命令是？",
+        "A": "dmesg",
+        "B": "tail",
+        "C": "cat",
+        "D": "less",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "dmesg",
+            "tail",
+            "cat",
+            "less"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-故障分析与诊断05",
+        "question": "当Linux系统启动失败时，你应该查看哪个日志文件来获取错误信息？",
+        "A": "/var/log/messages",
+        "B": "/var/log/syslog",
+        "C": "/var/log/boot.log",
+        "D": "/var/log/dmesg",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "/var/log/messages",
+            "/var/log/syslog",
+            "/var/log/boot.log",
+            "/var/log/dmesg"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-故障分析与诊断06",
+        "question": "在Linux中，哪个命令可以帮助你查找文件中包含特定字符串的行？",
+        "A": "grep",
+        "B": "find",
+        "C": "locate",
+        "D": "cat",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "grep",
+            "find",
+            "locate",
+            "cat"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-故障分析与诊断07",
+        "question": "当你怀疑Linux系统中的某个服务配置有问题时，你应该首先查看哪个目录？",
+        "A": "/etc/",
+        "B": "/var/log/",
+        "C": "/usr/local/",
+        "D": "/home/",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "/etc/",
+            "/var/log/",
+            "/usr/local/",
+            "/home/"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-故障分析与诊断08",
+        "question": "当Linux系统出现性能问题时，你首先会考虑检查哪个资源的使用情况？",
+        "A": "CPU",
+        "B": "内存",
+        "C": "磁盘I/O",
+        "D": "网络带宽",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "CPU",
+            "内存",
+            "磁盘I/O",
+            "网络带宽"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-故障分析与诊断09",
+        "question": "Linux系统中，netstat命令的哪个选项可以显示所有活动的网络连接？",
+        "A": "#NAME?",
+        "B": "#NAME?",
+        "C": "#NAME?",
+        "D": "#NAME?",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "#NAME?",
+            "#NAME?",
+            "#NAME?",
+            "#NAME?"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-故障分析与诊断10",
+        "question": "当你怀疑Linux系统的某个硬件设备出现问题时，你应该首先查看哪个目录？",
+        "A": "/dev/",
+        "B": "/proc/",
+        "C": "/sys/",
+        "D": "/var/log/",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "/dev/",
+            "/proc/",
+            "/sys/",
+            "/var/log/"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-故障分析与诊断11",
+        "question": "在Linux中，lsof命令用于查看什么信息？",
+        "A": "当前登录的用户",
+        "B": "系统中运行的进程",
+        "C": "打开的文件和进程",
+        "D": "磁盘使用情况",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "当前登录的用户",
+            "系统中运行的进程",
+            "打开的文件和进程",
+            "磁盘使用情况"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-故障分析与诊断12",
+        "question": "在Linux中，journalctl命令通常用于查看哪个服务的日志？",
+        "A": "Systemd",
+        "B": "Syslog",
+        "C": "Cron",
+        "D": "Init",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "Systemd",
+            "Syslog",
+            "Cron",
+            "Init"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-网络配置01",
+        "question": "Linux系统中，用于查看网络接口配置信息的命令是？",
+        "A": "netstat",
+        "B": "ifconfig",
+        "C": "ipconfig",
+        "D": "route",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "netstat",
+            "ifconfig",
+            "ipconfig",
+            "route"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-网络配置02",
+        "question": "在Linux中，要临时修改网络接口的IP地址，应使用哪个命令？",
+        "A": "ip addr",
+        "B": "ifconfig",
+        "C": "netconfig",
+        "D": "route add",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "ip addr",
+            "ifconfig",
+            "netconfig",
+            "route add"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-网络配置03",
+        "question": "哪个文件通常用于在Linux中配置静态IP地址？",
+        "A": "/etc/network/interfaces",
+        "B": "/etc/resolv.conf",
+        "C": "/etc/hosts",
+        "D": "/etc/sysconfig/network",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "/etc/network/interfaces",
+            "/etc/resolv.conf",
+            "/etc/hosts",
+            "/etc/sysconfig/network"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-网络配置04",
+        "question": "Linux系统中，不是查看路由表的命令是？",
+        "A": "route -n",
+        "B": "netstat -rn",
+        "C": "ifconfig -a",
+        "D": "ip route show",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "route -n",
+            "netstat -rn",
+            "ifconfig -a",
+            "ip route show"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-网络配置05",
+        "question": "在Linux中，要配置DNS服务器，应修改哪个文件？",
+        "A": "/etc/resolv.conf",
+        "B": "/etc/hosts",
+        "C": "/etc/network/interfaces",
+        "D": "/etc/networkd",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "/etc/resolv.conf",
+            "/etc/hosts",
+            "/etc/network/interfaces",
+            "/etc/networkd"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-网络配置06",
+        "question": "Linux系统中，要启用或禁用网络接口，应使用哪个命令？",
+        "A": "ifconfig <interface> up 或 ifconfig <interface> down",
+        "B": "netconfig <interface> on 或 netconfig <interface> off",
+        "C": "ipconfig <interface> enable 或 ipconfig <interface> disable",
+        "D": "networkctl <interface> start 或 networkctl <interface> off",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "ifconfig <interface> up 或 ifconfig <interface> down",
+            "netconfig <interface> on 或 netconfig <interface> off",
+            "ipconfig <interface> enable 或 ipconfig <interface> disable",
+            "networkctl <interface> start 或 networkctl <interface> off"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-网络配置07",
+        "question": "在Linux中，哪个命令用于显示网络接口的统计信息？",
+        "A": "netstat -i",
+        "B": "ifconfig -s",
+        "C": "ip -s link",
+        "D": "netconfig -s",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "netstat -i",
+            "ifconfig -s",
+            "ip -s link",
+            "netconfig -s"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-网络配置09",
+        "question": "在Linux中，哪个命令用于查看正在监听的网络端口？",
+        "A": "netstat -tuln",
+        "B": "ifconfig -a",
+        "C": "route -n",
+        "D": "ip addr",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "netstat -tuln",
+            "ifconfig -a",
+            "route -n",
+            "ip addr"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-通用领域知识01",
+        "question": "在Linux系统中，哪个命令用于查看当前工作目录的完整路径？",
+        "A": "pwd",
+        "B": "cd",
+        "C": "ls",
+        "D": "echo",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "pwd",
+            "cd",
+            "ls",
+            "echo"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-通用领域知识02",
+        "question": "哪个命令可以用来在Linux系统中查找文件？",
+        "A": "find",
+        "B": "grep",
+        "C": "locate",
+        "D": "all of the above",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "find",
+            "grep",
+            "locate",
+            "all of the above"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-通用领域知识03",
+        "question": "在Linux中，哪个命令用于创建空文件？",
+        "A": "touch",
+        "B": "new",
+        "C": "create",
+        "D": "mkfile",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "touch",
+            "new",
+            "create",
+            "mkfile"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-通用领域知识04",
+        "question": "哪个命令可以用来在Linux中压缩文件？",
+        "A": "gzip",
+        "B": "tar",
+        "C": "unzip",
+        "D": "compress",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "gzip",
+            "tar",
+            "unzip",
+            "compress"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-通用领域知识05",
+        "question": "在Linux中，哪个命令用于列出当前目录下的所有文件和文件夹？",
+        "A": "list",
+        "B": "ll",
+        "C": "ls",
+        "D": "dir",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "list",
+            "ll",
+            "ls",
+            "dir"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-通用领域知识06",
+        "question": "在Linux中，哪个命令用于创建新目录？",
+        "A": "mkdir",
+        "B": "rmdir",
+        "C": "cd",
+        "D": "pwd",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "mkdir",
+            "rmdir",
+            "cd",
+            "pwd"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-通用领域知识07",
+        "question": "在Linux中，哪个命令用于删除文件或目录？",
+        "A": "rm",
+        "B": "del",
+        "C": "erase",
+        "D": "remove",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "rm",
+            "del",
+            "erase",
+            "remove"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-通用领域知识08",
+        "question": "在Linux中，哪个命令用于移动或重命名文件或目录？",
+        "A": "mv",
+        "B": "cp",
+        "C": "rename",
+        "D": "shift",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "mv",
+            "cp",
+            "rename",
+            "shift"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-通用领域知识09",
+        "question": "在Linux中，哪个命令用于复制文件或目录？",
+        "A": "cp",
+        "B": "mv",
+        "C": "dup",
+        "D": "clone",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "cp",
+            "mv",
+            "dup",
+            "clone"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-通用领域知识10",
+        "question": "在Linux中，哪个命令用于查看系统内存使用情况？",
+        "A": "free",
+        "B": "df",
+        "C": "du",
+        "D": "vmstat",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "free",
+            "df",
+            "du",
+            "vmstat"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-通用领域知识11",
+        "question": "在Linux中，哪个命令用于查看当前登录的用户？",
+        "A": "who",
+        "B": "w",
+        "C": "users",
+        "D": "all of the above",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "who",
+            "w",
+            "users",
+            "all of the above"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-通用领域知识12",
+        "question": "如何在Linux中查看磁盘的使用情况？",
+        "A": "df",
+        "B": "du",
+        "C": "fdisk",
+        "D": "free",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "df",
+            "du",
+            "fdisk",
+            "free"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-混合型任务01",
+        "question": "在Linux系统中，如果你想要同时执行多个命令，你应该使用什么符号来分隔它们？",
+        "A": ";",
+        "B": "&",
+        "C": "|",
+        "D": "&&",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            ";",
+            "&",
+            "|",
+            "&&"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-混合型任务02",
+        "question": "哪个命令不可以将标准输出和标准错误重定向到同一个文件？",
+        "A": "command > file 2>&1",
+        "B": "command >> file 2>&1",
+        "C": "command &> file",
+        "D": "command | tee file",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "command > file 2>&1",
+            "command >> file 2>&1",
+            "command &> file",
+            "command | tee file"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-混合型任务03",
+        "question": "在Linux中，要查找文件并同时列出匹配的文件和行号，你应该使用什么命令？",
+        "A": "grep -n",
+        "B": "find -n",
+        "C": "locate -n",
+        "D": "cat -n",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "grep -n",
+            "find -n",
+            "locate -n",
+            "cat -n"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "zjyd运维场景-混合型任务04",
+        "question": "在Linux系统中，要将一个命令的输出作为另一个命令的输入，你应该使用什么符号？",
+        "A": "|",
+        "B": "&",
+        "C": ";",
+        "D": ">>",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "|",
+            "&",
+            ";",
+            ">>"
+        ]
+    }
+]

data/test/Financial IT.json

@@ -0,0 +1,1142 @@
+[
+    {
+        "question": "在Shell 脚本中，用来读取文件内各个域的内容并将其赋值给Shell 变量的命令是 （） 。",
+        "choices": [
+            "fold",
+            "join",
+            "tr",
+            "read"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-3",
+        "A": "fold",
+        "B": "join",
+        "C": "tr",
+        "D": "read"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "退出交互模式的shell，应键入 （） 。",
+        "choices": [
+            ";",
+            "^q",
+            "exit",
+            "quit"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-4",
+        "A": ";",
+        "B": "^q",
+        "C": "exit",
+        "D": "quit"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下列变量名中有效的shell 变量名是：（）",
+        "choices": [
+            "-2-time",
+            "_2$3",
+            "trust_no_1",
+            "2004file"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-5",
+        "A": "-2-time",
+        "B": "_2$3",
+        "C": "trust_no_1",
+        "D": "2004file"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "是shell 具有的功能和特点的是（）。",
+        "choices": [
+            "管道",
+            "输入输出重定向",
+            "执行后台进程",
+            "处理程序命令"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-6",
+        "A": "管道",
+        "B": "输入输出重定向",
+        "C": "执行后台进程",
+        "D": "处理程序命令"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下列对shell 变量FRUIT 操作，正确的是：（） 。",
+        "choices": [
+            "为变量赋值：$FRUIT=apple",
+            "显示变量的值：fruit=apple",
+            "显示变量的值：echo $FRUIT",
+            "判断变量是否有值：[ -f ―$FRUIT‖ ]"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-7",
+        "A": "为变量赋值：$FRUIT=apple",
+        "B": "显示变量的值：fruit=apple",
+        "C": "显示变量的值：echo $FRUIT",
+        "D": "判断变量是否有值：[ -f ―$FRUIT‖ ]"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下面的网络协议中，面向连接的的协议是：()",
+        "choices": [
+            "传输控制协议",
+            "用户数据报协议",
+            "网际协议",
+            "网际控制报文协议"
+        ],
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-8",
+        "A": "传输控制协议",
+        "B": "用户数据报协议",
+        "C": "网际协议",
+        "D": "网际控制报文协议"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "一台主机要实现通过局域网与另一个局域网通信，需要做的工作是 () 。",
+        "choices": [
+            "配置域名服务器",
+            "定义一条本机指向所在网络的路由",
+            "定义一条本机指向所在网络网关的路由",
+            "定义一条本机指向目标网络网关的路由"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-9",
+        "A": "配置域名服务器",
+        "B": "定义一条本机指向所在网络的路由",
+        "C": "定义一条本机指向所在网络网关的路由",
+        "D": "定义一条本机指向目标网络网关的路由"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在/etc/fstab 文件中指定的文件系统加载参数中，() 参数一般用于CD-ROM 等移动设备。",
+        "choices": [
+            "defaults",
+            "sw",
+            "rw 和ro",
+            "noauto"
+        ],
+        "A": "defaults",
+        "B": "sw",
+        "C": "rw 和ro",
+        "D": "noauto",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-10"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "终止一个前台进程可能用到的命令和操作 () 。",
+        "choices": [
+            "kill",
+            ";+C",
+            "shut down",
+            "halt"
+        ],
+        "A": "kill",
+        "B": ";+C",
+        "C": "shut down",
+        "D": "halt",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-11"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在使用mkdir 命令创建新的目录时，在其父目录不存在时先创建父目录的选项是 ()",
+        "choices": [
+            "-m",
+            "-d",
+            "-f",
+            "–p"
+        ],
+        "A": "-m",
+        "B": "-d",
+        "C": "-f",
+        "D": "–p",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-12"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "具有很多C 语言的功能，又称过滤器的是 () 。",
+        "choices": [
+            "csh",
+            "tcsh",
+            "awk",
+            "sed"
+        ],
+        "A": "csh",
+        "B": "tcsh",
+        "C": "awk",
+        "D": "sed",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-13"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "建立动态路由需要用到的文件有 () 。",
+        "choices": [
+            "/etc/hosts",
+            "/etc/HOSTNAME",
+            "/etc/resolv.conf",
+            "/etc/gateways"
+        ],
+        "A": "/etc/hosts",
+        "B": "/etc/HOSTNAME",
+        "C": "/etc/resolv.conf",
+        "D": "/etc/gateways",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-14"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "局域网的网络地址192.168.1.0/24，局域网络连接其它网络的网关地址是192.168.1.1。主机192.168.1.20 访问172.16.1.0/24 网络时，其路由设置正确的是 () 。",
+        "choices": [
+            "route add –net 192.168.1.0 gw 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 metric1",
+            "route add –net 172.16.1.0 gw 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 metric1",
+            "route add –net 172.16.1.0 gw 172.16.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 metric 1",
+            "route add default 192.168.1.0 netmask 172.168.1.1 metric 1"
+        ],
+        "A": "route add –net 192.168.1.0 gw 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 metric1",
+        "B": "route add –net 172.16.1.0 gw 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 metric1",
+        "C": "route add –net 172.16.1.0 gw 172.16.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 metric 1",
+        "D": "route add default 192.168.1.0 netmask 172.168.1.1 metric 1",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-15"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下列提法中，不属于ifconfig 命令作用范围的是 () 。",
+        "choices": [
+            "配置本地回环地址",
+            "配置网卡的IP 地址",
+            "激活网络适配器",
+            "加载网卡到内核中"
+        ],
+        "A": "配置本地回环地址",
+        "B": "配置网卡的IP 地址",
+        "C": "激活网络适配器",
+        "D": "加载网卡到内核中",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-16"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下列关于链接描述，错误的是 () 。",
+        "choices": [
+            "硬链接就是让链接文件的i 节点号指向被链接文件的i 节点",
+            "硬链接和符号连接都是产生一个新的i 节点",
+            "链接分为硬链接和符号链接",
+            "硬连接不能链接目录文件"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-17",
+        "A": "硬链接就是让链接文件的i 节点号指向被链接文件的i 节点",
+        "B": "硬链接和符号连接都是产生一个新的i 节点",
+        "C": "链接分为硬链接和符号链接",
+        "D": "硬连接不能链接目录文件"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在局域网络内的某台主机用ping 命令测试网络连接时发现网络内部的主机都可以连同，而不能与公网连通，问题可能是 ()。",
+        "choices": [
+            "主机IP 设置有误",
+            "没有设置连接局域网的网关",
+            "局域网的网关或主机的网关设置有误",
+            "局域网DNS 服务器设置有误"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-18",
+        "A": "主机IP 设置有误",
+        "B": "没有设置连接局域网的网关",
+        "C": "局域网的网关或主机的网关设置有误",
+        "D": "局域网DNS 服务器设置有误"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下列文件中，包含了主机名到IP 地址的映射关系的文件是：() 。",
+        "choices": [
+            "/etc/HOSTNAME",
+            "/etc/hosts",
+            "/etc/resolv.conf",
+            "/etc/networks"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-19",
+        "A": "/etc/HOSTNAME",
+        "B": "/etc/hosts",
+        "C": "/etc/resolv.conf",
+        "D": "/etc/networks"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "不需要编译内核的情况是 () 。",
+        "choices": [
+            "删除系统不用的设备驱动程序时",
+            "升级内核时",
+            "添加新硬件时",
+            "将网卡激活"
+        ],
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-20",
+        "A": "删除系统不用的设备驱动程序时",
+        "B": "升级内核时",
+        "C": "添加新硬件时",
+        "D": "将网卡激活"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下聚合函数求数据总和的是( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "MAX",
+            "SUM",
+            "COUNT",
+            "AVG"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-21",
+        "A": "MAX",
+        "B": "SUM",
+        "C": "COUNT",
+        "D": "AVG"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "SELECT语句的完整语法较复杂,但至少包括的部分是( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "仅SELECT",
+            "SELECT,FROM",
+            "SELECT,GROUP",
+            "SELECT,INTO"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-22",
+        "A": "仅SELECT",
+        "B": "SELECT,FROM",
+        "C": "SELECT,GROUP",
+        "D": "SELECT,INTO"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "SQL语句中的条件用以下哪一项来表达( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "THEN",
+            "WHILE",
+            "WHERE",
+            "IF"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-23",
+        "A": "THEN",
+        "B": "WHILE",
+        "C": "WHERE",
+        "D": "IF"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下能够删除一列的是( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "alter table emp remove addcolumn",
+            "alter table emp drop column addcolumn",
+            "alter table emp delete column addcolumn",
+            "alter table emp delete addcolumn"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-24",
+        "A": "alter table emp remove addcolumn",
+        "B": "alter table emp drop column addcolumn",
+        "C": "alter table emp delete column addcolumn",
+        "D": "alter table emp delete addcolumn"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "若要撤销数据库中已经存在的表S,可用()。",
+        "choices": [
+            "DELETE TABLE S",
+            "DELETE S",
+            "DROP S",
+            "DROP TABLE S"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-25",
+        "A": "DELETE TABLE S",
+        "B": "DELETE S",
+        "C": "DROP S",
+        "D": "DROP TABLE S"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "查找表结构用以下哪一项( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "FIND",
+            "SELETE",
+            "ALTER",
+            "DESC"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-26",
+        "A": "FIND",
+        "B": "SELETE",
+        "C": "ALTER",
+        "D": "DESC"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "要得到最后一句SELECT查询到的总行数,可以使用的函数是( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "FOUND_ROWS",
+            "LAST_ROWS",
+            "ROW_COUNT",
+            "LAST_INSERT_ID"
+        ],
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-27",
+        "A": "FOUND_ROWS",
+        "B": "LAST_ROWS",
+        "C": "ROW_COUNT",
+        "D": "LAST_INSERT_ID"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在视图上不能完成的操作是( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "查询",
+            "在视图上定义新的视图",
+            "更新视图",
+            "在视图上定义新的表"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-28",
+        "A": "查询",
+        "B": "在视图上定义新的视图",
+        "C": "更新视图",
+        "D": "在视图上定义新的表"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "UNIQUE惟一索引的作用是( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "保证各行在该索引上的值都不得重复",
+            "保证各行在该索引上的值不得为NULL",
+            "保证参加惟一索引的各列,不得再参加其他的索引",
+            "保证惟一索引不能被删除"
+        ],
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-29",
+        "A": "保证各行在该索引上的值都不得重复",
+        "B": "保证各行在该索引上的值不得为NULL",
+        "C": "保证参加惟一索引的各列,不得再参加其他的索引",
+        "D": "保证惟一索引不能被删除"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "用于将事务处理写到数据库的命令是( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "insert",
+            "rollback",
+            "commit",
+            "savepoint"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-30",
+        "A": "insert",
+        "B": "rollback",
+        "C": "commit",
+        "D": "savepoint"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "查找条件为【】:姓名不是NULL的记录( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "WHERE NAME ! NULL",
+            "WHERE NAME NOT NULL",
+            "WHERE NAME IS NOT NULL",
+            "WHERE NAME!=NULL"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-31",
+        "A": "WHERE NAME ! NULL",
+        "B": "WHERE NAME NOT NULL",
+        "C": "WHERE NAME IS NOT NULL",
+        "D": "WHERE NAME!=NULL"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在视图上不能完成的操作是( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "更新视图数据",
+            "在视图上定义新的基本表",
+            "在视图上定义新的视图",
+            "查询"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-32",
+        "A": "更新视图数据",
+        "B": "在视图上定义新的基本表",
+        "C": "在视图上定义新的视图",
+        "D": "查询"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在SQL语言中,子查询是()。",
+        "choices": [
+            "选取单表中字段子集的查询语句",
+            "选取多表中字段子集的查询语句",
+            "返回单表中数据子集的查询语言",
+            "嵌入到另一个查询语句之中的查询语句"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-33",
+        "A": "选取单表中字段子集的查询语句",
+        "B": "选取多表中字段子集的查询语句",
+        "C": "返回单表中数据子集的查询语言",
+        "D": "嵌入到另一个查询语句之中的查询语句"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "向数据表中插入一条记录用以下哪一项( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "CREATE",
+            "INSERT",
+            "SAVE",
+            "UPDATE"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-34",
+        "A": "CREATE",
+        "B": "INSERT",
+        "C": "SAVE",
+        "D": "UPDATE"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "SQL语言的数据操纵语句包括SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE等。其中最重要的,也是使用最频繁的语句是( )。",
+        "choices": [
+            "UPDATE",
+            "SELECT",
+            "DELETE",
+            "INSERT"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-35",
+        "A": "UPDATE",
+        "B": "SELECT",
+        "C": "DELETE",
+        "D": "INSERT"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下哪种操作能够实现实体完整性( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "设置唯一键",
+            "设置外键",
+            "减少数据冗余",
+            "设置主键"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-36",
+        "A": "设置唯一键",
+        "B": "设置外键",
+        "C": "减少数据冗余",
+        "D": "设置主键"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "SQL语言中,删除一个视图的命令是( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "REMOVE",
+            "CLEAR",
+            "DELETE",
+            "DROP"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-37",
+        "A": "REMOVE",
+        "B": "CLEAR",
+        "C": "DELETE",
+        "D": "DROP"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "修改数据库表结构用以下哪一项( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "UPDATE",
+            "CREATE",
+            "UPDATED",
+            "ALTER"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-38",
+        "A": "UPDATE",
+        "B": "CREATE",
+        "C": "UPDATED",
+        "D": "ALTER"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下语句错误的是( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "select sal+1 from emp;",
+            "select sal*10,sal*deptno from emp;",
+            "不能使用运算符号",
+            "select sal*10,deptno*10 from emp;"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-39",
+        "A": "select sal+1 from emp;",
+        "B": "select sal*10,sal*deptno from emp;",
+        "C": "不能使用运算符号",
+        "D": "select sal*10,deptno*10 from emp;"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "若用如下的SQL语句创建了一个表SC:( )CREATE TABLE SC (S# CHAR(6)NOT NULL,C# CHAR(3)NOT NULL,SCORE INTEGER, NOTE CHAR(20));向SC表插入如下行时,()行可以被插入。",
+        "choices": [
+            "(NULL,’103’,80,’选修’)",
+            "(’200823’,’101’,NULL,NULL)",
+            "(’201132’,NULL,86,’’)",
+            "(’201009’,’111’,60,必修)"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-40",
+        "A": "(NULL,’103’,80,’选修’)",
+        "B": "(’200823’,’101’,NULL,NULL)",
+        "C": "(’201132’,NULL,86,’’)",
+        "D": "(’201009’,’111’,60,必修)"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "删除用户账号命令是( )",
+        "choices": [
+            "DROP USER",
+            "DROP TABLE USER",
+            "DELETE USER",
+            "DELETE FROM USER"
+        ],
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-41",
+        "A": "DROP USER",
+        "B": "DROP TABLE USER",
+        "C": "DELETE USER",
+        "D": "DELETE FROM USER"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "敏捷团队日常运作中，迭代评审会议是为了？",
+        "choices": [
+            "团队自身监视，创建下个sprint改进计划机会",
+            "确认系统功能与用户期望是否一致，收集用户反馈，明确后续目标",
+            "帮助团队自组织自改进",
+            "团队之间更透明，加强信任"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-42",
+        "A": "团队自身监视，创建下个sprint改进计划机会",
+        "B": "确认系统功能与用户期望是否一致，收集用户反馈，明确后续目标",
+        "C": "帮助团队自组织自改进",
+        "D": "团队之间更透明，加强信任"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "6.外观设计专利是指()",
+        "choices": [
+            "对产品的整体或者局部的形状、图案或者其结合以及色���与形状、图案的结合所作出的富有美感并适于工业应用的新设计。",
+            "对产品、方法或者其改进所提出的新的技术方案。",
+            "对产品的形状、构造或者其结合所提出的适于实用的新的技术方案，",
+            "科学发现"
+        ],
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-43",
+        "A": "对产品的整体或者局部的形状、图案或者其结合以及色彩与形状、图案的结合所作出的富有美感并适于工业应用的新设计。",
+        "B": "对产品、方法或者其改进所提出的新的技术方案。",
+        "C": "对产品的形状、构造或者其结合所提出的适于实用的新的技术方案，",
+        "D": "科学发现"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "为了防范XSS攻击，需要在数据输出之前先对敏感字符进行()，能够避免跨站脚本漏洞，是防止XSS的首推之选",
+        "choices": [
+            "删除",
+            "替换",
+            "注释",
+            "转义"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-44",
+        "A": "删除",
+        "B": "替换",
+        "C": "注释",
+        "D": "转义"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "出现业务逻辑漏洞的原因有哪些?",
+        "choices": [
+            "服务器对客户端的业务缺乏一致性验证",
+            "通信过程中末进行数据保护",
+            "很多业务作的参数是从客户端获取的",
+            "全部都是"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-45",
+        "A": "服务器对客户端的业务缺乏一致性验证",
+        "B": "通信过程中末进行数据保护",
+        "C": "很多业务作的参数是从客户端获取的",
+        "D": "全部都是"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "DDoS攻击亦称洪水攻击，是一种网络攻击手法，其攻击方式可以具体分成两种形式( )以及资源消耗型",
+        "choices": [
+            "服务消耗型",
+            "延迟消耗型",
+            "传输消耗型",
+            "带宽消耗型"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-46",
+        "A": "服务消耗型",
+        "B": "延迟消耗型",
+        "C": "传输消耗型",
+        "D": "带宽消耗型"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下关于敏捷教练(ScrumMaster)的描述，错误的是",
+        "choices": [
+            "保护团队不受外界因素的干扰",
+            "研发过程中，同时担任产品负责人(ProductOwner)职责",
+            "保证各个不同角色之间的良好协作，消除障碍",
+            "保证Scrum团队可以道守Scrum的价值，实践和规范"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-47",
+        "A": "保护团队不受外界因素的干扰",
+        "B": "研发过程中，同时担任产品负责人(ProductOwner)职责",
+        "C": "保证各个不同角色之间的良好协作，消除障碍",
+        "D": "保证Scrum团队可以道守Scrum的价值，实践和规范"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Devops价值不包括",
+        "choices": [
+            "可以使原本预立的开发、测试和运维等角色更好地协作",
+            "提供统一的运行框架和开发工具支持",
+            "缩短开发周期",
+            "提高部雷频率和发布可靠度"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-48",
+        "A": "可以使原本预立的开发、测试和运维等角色更好地协作",
+        "B": "提供统一的运行框架和开发工具支持",
+        "C": "缩短开发周期",
+        "D": "提高部雷频率和发布可靠度"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "编码阶段输出不包括以下哪一项",
+        "choices": [
+            "代码评审报告",
+            "概要设计说明书洋细设计说明书",
+            "源代码",
+            "单元测过案例"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-49",
+        "A": "代码评审报告",
+        "B": "概要设计说明书洋细设计说明书",
+        "C": "源代码",
+        "D": "单元测过案例"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在以太网中 ARP 报文分为 ARP Request 和 ARP Response，其中 ARP Request 在网络是（ ）传送",
+        "choices": [
+            "广播",
+            "单播",
+            "组播",
+            "多播"
+        ],
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-51",
+        "A": "广播",
+        "B": "单播",
+        "C": "组播",
+        "D": "多播"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在一台 IP 地址为 192.168.0.2 的计算机上 Ping 192.168.0.1 -l 10，那么在 192.168.0.1 这台计算机上收到的 IP 报文长度是（ ）",
+        "choices": [
+            "10byte",
+            "38byte",
+            "64byte",
+            "56byte"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-52",
+        "A": "10byte",
+        "B": "38byte",
+        "C": "64byte",
+        "D": "56byte"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下面协议中那一个是工作在传输层并且是面向无连接的。",
+        "choices": [
+            "IP",
+            "ARP",
+            "TCP",
+            "UDP"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-53",
+        "A": "IP",
+        "B": "ARP",
+        "C": "TCP",
+        "D": "UDP"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下面哪个协议用于发现设备的硬件地址？",
+        "choices": [
+            "RARP",
+            "ARP",
+            "IP",
+            "ICMP",
+            "BootP"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-54",
+        "A": "RARP",
+        "B": "ARP",
+        "C": "IP",
+        "D": "ICMP",
+        "E": "BootP"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "10.254.255.19/255.255.255.248 的广播地址是什么?",
+        "choices": [
+            "10.254.255.23",
+            "10.254.255.24",
+            "10.254.255.255",
+            "10.255.255.255"
+        ],
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-55",
+        "A": "10.254.255.23",
+        "B": "10.254.255.24",
+        "C": "10.254.255.255",
+        "D": "10.255.255.255"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下面那一个 TCP/UDP 端口范围将被客户端程序使用?",
+        "choices": [
+            "1–1023",
+            "1024 and above",
+            "1–256",
+            "1–65534"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-56",
+        "A": "1–1023",
+        "B": "1024 and above",
+        "C": "1–256",
+        "D": "1–65534"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "哪些端口是 well-known port？",
+        "choices": [
+            "1–1023",
+            "1024 and above",
+            "1–256",
+            "1–65534"
+        ],
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-57",
+        "A": "1–1023",
+        "B": "1024 and above",
+        "C": "1–256",
+        "D": "1–65534"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "地址 127.0.0.1 表示什么?",
+        "choices": [
+            "本地 broadcast",
+            "直接 multicast",
+            "本地 network",
+            "本地 loopback"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-58",
+        "A": "本地 broadcast",
+        "B": "直接 multicast",
+        "C": "本地 network",
+        "D": "本地 loopback"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "将 172.16.100.0/24 和 172.16.106.0/24 地址聚合应该选择那种表达方式。",
+        "choices": [
+            "172.16.0.0/24",
+            "172.16.100.0/20",
+            "172.16.106.0/20",
+            "172.16.96.0/20"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-59",
+        "A": "172.16.0.0/24",
+        "B": "172.16.100.0/20",
+        "C": "172.16.106.0/20",
+        "D": "172.16.96.0/20"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "IP 报文头中固定长度部分为多少字节？ 正确的选项是",
+        "choices": [
+            "10",
+            "20",
+            "30",
+            "40"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-60",
+        "A": "10",
+        "B": "20",
+        "C": "30",
+        "D": "40"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "TCP/IP协议中，基于TCP协议的应用程序包括",
+        "choices": [
+            "ICMP",
+            "SMTP",
+            "RIP",
+            "SNMP"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-61",
+        "A": "ICMP",
+        "B": "SMTP",
+        "C": "RIP",
+        "D": "SNMP"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "PING  命令使用了哪种ICMP？ 正确的选项是   。",
+        "choices": [
+            "Redirect",
+            "Source quench",
+            "Echo reply",
+            "Destination unreachable"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-62",
+        "A": "Redirect",
+        "B": "Source quench",
+        "C": "Echo reply",
+        "D": "Destination unreachable"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "当今世界上最流行的TCP/IP协议的层次并不是按OSI参考模型来划分的，相对应于OSI 的七层网络模型，没有定义    。",
+        "choices": [
+            "物理层与链路层",
+            "链路层与网络层",
+            "网络层与传输层",
+            "会话层与表示层"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-63",
+        "A": "物理层与链路层",
+        "B": "链路层与网络层",
+        "C": "网络层与传输层",
+        "D": "会话层与表示层"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "一个IP报文在路由器中经过一番处理之后，TTL字段值变为0，这时�� ）",
+        "choices": [
+            "路由器向IP报文的源地址发送一个ICMP错误信息，并继续转发该报文",
+            "路由器向IP报文的源地址发送一个ICMP错误信息，并停止转发该报文",
+            "路由器继续转发报文，不发送错误信息",
+            "路由器直接丢弃该IP报文，既不转发，也不发送错误信息",
+            "以上四种说法都不完全正确，要视具体情况而定"
+        ],
+        "answer": "",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-64",
+        "A": "路由器向IP报文的源地址发送一个ICMP错误信息，并继续转发该报文",
+        "B": "路由器向IP报文的源地址发送一个ICMP错误信息，并停止转发该报文",
+        "C": "路由器继续转发报文，不发送错误信息",
+        "D": "路由器直接丢弃该IP报文，既不转发，也不发送错误信息",
+        "E": "以上四种说法都不完全正确，要视具体情况而定"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "TCP/IP协议中，基于TCP协议的应用程序包括",
+        "choices": [
+            "ICMP",
+            "SMTP",
+            "RIP",
+            "SNMP"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-65",
+        "A": "ICMP",
+        "B": "SMTP",
+        "C": "RIP",
+        "D": "SNMP"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "国际上负责分配IP地址的专业组织划分了几个网段作为私有网段，可以供人们在私有网络上自由分配使用，以下不属于私有地址的网段是",
+        "choices": [
+            "10.0.0.0/8",
+            "172.16.0.0/12",
+            "192.168.0.0/16",
+            "224.0.0.0/8"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-66",
+        "A": "10.0.0.0/8",
+        "B": "172.16.0.0/12",
+        "C": "192.168.0.0/16",
+        "D": "224.0.0.0/8"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在一个子网掩码为255.255.240.0  的网络中，（ ）不是合法的主机地址。",
+        "choices": [
+            "150.150.37.2",
+            "150.150.16.2",
+            "150.150.8.12",
+            "150.150.47.255"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-67",
+        "A": "150.150.37.2",
+        "B": "150.150.16.2",
+        "C": "150.150.8.12",
+        "D": "150.150.47.255"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "172.16.10.32/255.255.255.224代表的是（ ）地址。",
+        "choices": [
+            "主机",
+            "网络",
+            "组播",
+            "广播"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-68",
+        "A": "主机",
+        "B": "网络",
+        "C": "组播",
+        "D": "广播"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "IPV6地址长度为（ ）Bits。",
+        "choices": [
+            "32",
+            "64",
+            "128",
+            "256"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-69",
+        "A": "32",
+        "B": "64",
+        "C": "128",
+        "D": "256"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "TCP协议通过（ ）来区分不同的连接。",
+        "choices": [
+            "IP地址",
+            "端口号",
+            "IP地址+端口号",
+            "MAC地址"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-70",
+        "A": "IP地址",
+        "B": "端口号",
+        "C": "IP地址+端口号",
+        "D": "MAC地址"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在IP协议的报文头中2字节的IP protocol type表示了IP数据报文携带的内容，代表UDP报文的数值是（  ）。",
+        "choices": [
+            "6",
+            "17",
+            "20",
+            "89"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-71",
+        "A": "6",
+        "B": "17",
+        "C": "20",
+        "D": "89"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在IP协议数据报文中，标志字段的最低位如果为1表示后面还有分片的数据报，该标志字段的最低位是（ ）。",
+        "choices": [
+            "CF",
+            "MF",
+            "DF",
+            "TTL"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-72",
+        "A": "CF",
+        "B": "MF",
+        "C": "DF",
+        "D": "TTL"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "TRACERT过程中，一定不会用到的协议是（ ）。",
+        "choices": [
+            "ICMP",
+            "ARP",
+            "TCP",
+            "UDP"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-73",
+        "A": "ICMP",
+        "B": "ARP",
+        "C": "TCP",
+        "D": "UDP"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "IP 报文中一部分字段专门用来描述报文的生命周期，即 TTL 值，它的最大值是( )。",
+        "choices": [
+            "255",
+            "256",
+            "63",
+            "6"
+        ],
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "pufa-74",
+        "A": "255",
+        "B": "256",
+        "C": "63",
+        "D": "6"
+    }
+]

data/test/Hybrid Cloud.json

@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+[
+    {
+        "question": "在ITIL框架中，如果团队计划对关键系统进行升级以修复已知问题，应该首先使用哪个ITSM模块进行处理？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-5",
+        "choices": [
+            "事故管理",
+            "问题管理",
+            "变更管理",
+            "配置管理"
+        ],
+        "A": "事故管理",
+        "B": "问题管理",
+        "C": "变更管理",
+        "D": "配置管理"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "ITIL框架中，哪个阶段专注于整个ITSM流程生命周期，包括设计、开发、实施和管理IT服务组合？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-6",
+        "choices": [
+            "服务设计",
+            "服务转移",
+            "服务策略",
+            "持续性服务改进"
+        ],
+        "A": "服务设计",
+        "B": "服务转移",
+        "C": "服务策略",
+        "D": "持续性服务改进"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在ITIL的服务设计阶段，涵盖了企业对什么要求相关的服务设计和流程设计？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-7",
+        "choices": [
+            "成本和预算",
+            "用户服务级别协议（SLA）",
+            "备份和灾难恢复服务",
+            "以上都是"
+        ],
+        "A": "成本和预算",
+        "B": "用户服务级别协议（SLA）",
+        "C": "备份和灾难恢复服务",
+        "D": "以上都是"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在建设和维护CMDB（配置管理数据库）时，有哪些核心挑战？A． 相关性 B. 可用性 C. 维护性 D.权威性 E. 完整性",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-9",
+        "A": "A、B和C都是建设和维护CMDB时的核心挑战",
+        "B": "A、B和D都是建设和维护CMDB时的核心挑战",
+        "C": "A、C和D都是建设和维护CMDB时的核心挑战",
+        "D": "A、D和E都是建设和维护CMDB时的核心挑战",
+        "choices": [
+            "A、B和C都是建设和维护CMDB时的核心挑战",
+            "A、B和D都是建设和维护CMDB时的核心挑战",
+            "A、C和D都是建设和维护CMDB时的核心挑战",
+            "A、D和E都是建设和维护CMDB时的核心挑战"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "一家企业的IT部门计划对其关键应用进行升级，该升级涉及到数据库、服务器操作系统以及应用程序的变更。在这个过程中，他们面临着诸多挑战，包括多个团队之间的协调、变更过程的实时监控以及升级可能对业务造成的潜在影响。以下哪个选项最符合利用配置管理数据库（CMDB）来解决这些挑战的最佳实践？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-10",
+        "A": "在升级前定期手动更新CMDB，确保所有配置信息都是最新的，然后用它进行变更管理和影响分析。",
+        "B": "建立一个自动化的数据同步流程，将各个团队的变更记录实时同步到CMDB，以保持配置信息的准确性。",
+        "C": "忽略CMDB，直接依赖变更管理工具，因为CMDB很难维护且容易过时。",
+        "D": "在升级后再更新CMDB，因为在变更期间维护CMDB会增加额外的工作量。",
+        "choices": [
+            "在升级前定期手动更新CMDB，确保所有配置信息都是最新的，然后用它进行变更管理和影响分析。",
+            "建立一个自动化的数据同步流程，将各个团队的变更记录实时同步到CMDB，以保持配置信息的准确性。",
+            "忽略CMDB，直接依赖变更管理工具，因为CMDB很难维护且容易过时。",
+            "在升级后再更新CMDB，因为在变更期间维护CMDB会增加额外的工作量。"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "根因分析是基于网络拓扑，结合调用链，通过时间相关性、权重、机器学习等算法，将告警进行分类筛选，快速找到告警根源的一种方式，那么它的处理步骤是什么？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-11",
+        "choices": [
+            "告警关联、告警过滤、生成派生告警、权重计算、生成根源告警、根源告警合并",
+            "告警过滤、告警关联、权重计算、生成派生告警、生成根源告警、根源告警合并",
+            "告警过滤、生成派生告警、告警关联、权重计算、生成根源告警、根源告警合并",
+            "告警过滤、生成派生告警、告警关联、权重计算、根源告警合并、生成根源告警"
+        ],
+        "A": "告警关联、告警过滤、生成派生告警、权重计算、生成根源告警、根源告警合并",
+        "B": "告警过滤、告警关联、权重计算、生成派生告警、生成根源告警、根源告警合并",
+        "C": "告警过滤、生成派生告警、告警关联、权重计算、生成根源告警、根源告警合并",
+        "D": "告警过滤、生成派生告警、告警关联、权重计算、根源告警合并、生成根源告警"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "假设多个系统通过RPC进行服务调用，调用关系如下：D系统 调用 C系统，C系统调用B系统，B系统调用A系统，当 A 系统查询数据库出现查询超时后，告警会层层往前推进，导致 B、C、D 系统均有N 个超时告警产生。此时，通过根因分析，最终可以得出的结论是什么？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-12",
+        "A": "根源告警为D系统异常，导致A系统数据库查询超时",
+        "B": "根源告警为 A 系统访问数据库异常，导致 A、B、C、D 多个系统异常",
+        "C": "根源告警为B系统异常，导致A系统数据库查询超时",
+        "D": "根源告警为 A 系统访问数据库异常，导致 B、C、D 多个系统异常",
+        "choices": [
+            "根源告警为D系统异常，导致A系统数据库查询超时",
+            "根源告警为 A 系统访问数据库异常，导致 A、B、C、D 多个系统异常",
+            "根源告警为B系统异常，导致A系统数据库查询超时",
+            "根源告警为 A 系统访问数据库异常，导致 B、C、D 多个系统异常"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下列哪一项是基于服务的服务水平协议的最佳描述？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-13",
+        "choices": [
+            "是与某个单个客户组签订的协议，涵盖了这些客户使用的所有服务",
+            "为单一客户描述某一服务的协议",
+            "是涵盖了在多级 服务水平协议结构中与服务有关的问题",
+            "为使用某项服务的所有客户描述该项服务 协议"
+        ],
+        "A": "是与某个单个客户组签订的协议，涵盖了这些客户使用的所有服务",
+        "B": "为单一客户描述某一服务的协议",
+        "C": "是涵盖了在多级 服务水平协议结构中与服务有关的问题",
+        "D": "为使用某项服务的所有客户描述该项服务 协议"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "流程所有者在 RACI 角色矩阵中有一个“I”的角色。下列那一项是对该角色的期望？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-14",
+        "choices": [
+            "告诉其他人有关活动的进展",
+            "执行一项活动",
+            "被通告活动的时间进度",
+            "管理一项活动"
+        ],
+        "A": "告诉其他人有关活动的进展",
+        "B": "执行一项活动",
+        "C": "被通告活动的时间进度",
+        "D": "管理一项活动"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "智能运维相对于传统运维模式的优势主要体现在哪些方面？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-16",
+        "choices": [
+            "智能运维难以发现问题，根因定位准确性较低。",
+            "传统运维模式在业务数字化风险方面效果更好。",
+            "智能运维提升了运维数据治理、降低了业务数字化风险、减少了运维人力成本、增强了业务侧影响力。",
+            "传统运维模式对运维数据的分析能力更强。"
+        ],
+        "A": "智能运维难以发现问题，根因定位准确性较低。",
+        "B": "传统运维模式在业务数字化风险方面效果更好。",
+        "C": "智能运维提升了运维数据治理、降低了业务数字化风险、减少了运维人力成本、增强了业务侧影响力。",
+        "D": "传统运维模式对运维数据的分析能力更强。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "按计划、执行、检查、行动（PDCA）模型，对下面持续服务改建（CSI）实施步骤排序。1. 针对 CSI 方案安排角色和职责 2. 测量并检查 CSI 计划已经执行并且达到既定的目标 3. 确认 CSI 的范围、目标和需求 4. 对未来实施 CSI 改善的决策",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-17",
+        "choices": [
+            "3-1-2-4",
+            "3-4-2-1",
+            "1-3-2-4",
+            "2-3-4-1"
+        ],
+        "A": "3-1-2-4",
+        "B": "3-4-2-1",
+        "C": "1-3-2-4",
+        "D": "2-3-4-1"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "你是一名系统管理员，负责在Prometheus服务器上安装和配置Prometheus监控工具，并将目标Linux主机纳入监控范围，这时你应该怎么做？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-18",
+        "choices": [
+            "在Prometheus服务器上安装Prometheus，并将目标Linux主机的IP地址和端口号添加到Prometheus的配置文件中，然后在Linux主机上安装Node Exporter，并启动服务",
+            "直接在Linux主机上安装Prometheus，无需配置",
+            "在Prometheus服务器上安装Node Exporter，然后在目标Linux主机上安装Prometheus，并将Prometheus服务器的IP地址和端口号添加到Linux主机的配置文件中",
+            "在Prometheus服务器和目标Linux主机上都安装Prometheus，并在Prometheus服务器上的配置文件中添加目标Linux主机的IP地址和端口号"
+        ],
+        "A": "在Prometheus服务器上安装Prometheus，并将目标Linux主机的IP地址和端口号添加到Prometheus的配置文件中，然后在Linux主机上安装Node Exporter，并启动服务",
+        "B": "直接在Linux主机上安装Prometheus，无需配置",
+        "C": "在Prometheus服务器上安装Node Exporter，然后在目标Linux主机上安装Prometheus，并将Prometheus服务器的IP地址和端口号添加到Linux主机的配置文件中",
+        "D": "在Prometheus服务器和目标Linux主机上都安装Prometheus，并在Prometheus服务器上的配置文件中添加目标Linux主机的IP地址和端口号"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下面哪些在服务资产与配置管理范围之内？1.配置项（CIs）的识别 2.记录配置项（CIs）之间的关系 3.记录和控制虚拟配置项（CIs）4.批准软件的购买以支持服务资产与配置管理",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-19",
+        "choices": [
+            "只有1，2和3",
+            "以上各项都是",
+            "只有1，2和4",
+            "只有3和4"
+        ],
+        "A": "只有1，2和3",
+        "B": "以上各项都是",
+        "C": "只有1，2和4",
+        "D": "只有3和4"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在ITIL流程成熟度模型中，哪个级别描述了IT部门对流程的了解非常有限，可能没有或几乎没有流程管理活动？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-20",
+        "choices": [
+            "可重复阶段",
+            "已定义阶段",
+            "可管理阶段",
+            "持续优化阶段"
+        ],
+        "A": "可重复阶段",
+        "B": "已定义阶段",
+        "C": "可管理阶段",
+        "D": "持续优化阶段"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在企业进行IT服务管理的步骤中，哪一步是建立详细的服务目录，包括各项IT服务的描述、提供方式、责任人等信息？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-21",
+        "choices": [
+            "明确业务目标和需求",
+            "制定IT服务管理策略",
+            "建立服务目录和服务级别协议",
+            "实施服务管理流程"
+        ],
+        "A": "明确业务目标和需求",
+        "B": "制定IT服务管理策略",
+        "C": "建立服务目录和服务级别协议",
+        "D": "实施服务管理流程"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在构建CMDB时，为了建立可靠的信息库，强烈建议使用什么工具来发现组织中的所有资产？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-22",
+        "choices": [
+            "手工记录工具",
+            "自动发现工具",
+            "数据库管理工具",
+            "配置管理工具"
+        ],
+        "A": "手工记录工具",
+        "B": "自动发现工具",
+        "C": "数据库管理工具",
+        "D": "配置管理工具"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在异常检测中，半监督学习方法的工作原理是什么？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-23",
+        "choices": [
+            "从给定的正常训练数据集构建表示正常行为的模型，然后测试新实例的模型生成概率",
+            "完全不使用任何标签信息，仅依赖于数据分布",
+            "使用无标签数据集构建模型，然后使用该模型识别异常",
+            "使用已标记为“正常”和“异常”的数据进行训练"
+        ],
+        "A": "从给定的正常训练数据集构建表示正常行为的模型，然后测试新实例的模型生成概率",
+        "B": "完全不使用任何标签信息，仅依赖于数据分布",
+        "C": "使用无标签数据集构建模型，然后使用该模型识别异常",
+        "D": "使用已标记为“正常”和“异常”的数据进行训练"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在异常检测中，无监督学习方法的主要特点是什么？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-24",
+        "choices": [
+            "使用已标记为“正常”和“异常”的数据进��训练",
+            "从给定的正常训练数据集构建表示正常行为的模型，然后测试新实例的模型生成概率",
+            "完全不使用任何标签信息，仅依赖于数据分布",
+            "使用无标签数据集构建模型，然后使用该模型识别异常"
+        ],
+        "A": "使用已标记为“正常”和“异常”的数据进行训练",
+        "B": "从给定的正常训练数据集构建表示正常行为的模型，然后测试新实例的模型生成概率",
+        "C": "完全不使用任何标签信息，仅依赖于数据分布",
+        "D": "使用无标签数据集构建模型，然后使用该模型识别异常"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在运维领域，如果需要综合考虑系统中多个指标，以全面评判系统的异常情况，哪种异常检测方法更为合适？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-25",
+        "choices": [
+            "单指标异常检测",
+            "多指标异常检测",
+            "单指标和多指标的效果差不多",
+            "无法确定"
+        ],
+        "A": "单指标异常检测",
+        "B": "多指标异常检测",
+        "C": "单指标和多指标的效果差不多",
+        "D": "无法确定"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在AIOps中，对数据进行归一化处理的主要目的是什么？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-26",
+        "choices": [
+            "增加噪音，使得异常更容易被检测到",
+            "减少噪音，并有助于识别事故的潜在根本原因",
+            "使得数据更加复杂，提高机器学习算法的效果",
+            "不影响数据，只是为了格式统一"
+        ],
+        "A": "增加噪音，使得异常更容易被检测到",
+        "B": "减少噪音，并有助于识别事故的潜在根本原因",
+        "C": "使得数据更加复杂，提高机器学习算法的效果",
+        "D": "不影响数据，只是为了格式统一"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "CMDB的主要目的之一是什么？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-28",
+        "choices": [
+            "管理软硬件构建",
+            "跟踪资产的状态和关系",
+            "进行业务智能分析",
+            "所有选项都正确"
+        ],
+        "A": "管理软硬件构建",
+        "B": "跟踪资产的状态和关系",
+        "C": "进行业务智能分析",
+        "D": "所有选项都正确"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在组织的IT基础设施中，CMDB的主要作用是什么？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-29",
+        "choices": [
+            "提供对资产的180°可见性",
+            "提升业务营销",
+            "促进根因分析和影响分析",
+            "简化人力资源流程"
+        ],
+        "A": "提供对资产的180°可见性",
+        "B": "提升业务营销",
+        "C": "促进根因分析和影响分析",
+        "D": "简化人力资源流程"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下列哪项是ITIL服务战略的主要目标之一?",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-aiops-cmdb-itsm-30",
+        "choices": [
+            "提供IT服务设计的详细说明",
+            "强调在全球经济中服务的重要性",
+            "将服务管理转换成战略资产",
+            "设计和建立满足业务需求的流程"
+        ],
+        "A": "提供IT服务设计的详细说明",
+        "B": "强调在全球经济中服务的重要性",
+        "C": "将服务管理转换成战略资产",
+        "D": "设计和建立满足业务需求的流程"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于OpenStack的数据处理，哪个描述是错误的?",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-iaas-openstack-1",
+        "choices": [
+            "它的代号是Sahara",
+            "OpenStack的数据处理服务提供了一个平台，让我们可以使用Hadoop和Spark等框架来配置和管理实例集群",
+            "它还提供了一种方法，可以通过按需添加或删除工作节点来扩展已配置的集群。",
+            "仅支持Apache License"
+        ],
+        "A": "它的代号是Sahara",
+        "B": "OpenStack的数据处理服务提供了一个平台，让我们可以使用Hadoop和Spark等框架来配置和管理实例集群",
+        "C": "它还提供了一种方法，可以通过按需添加或删除工作节点来扩展已配置的集群。",
+        "D": "仅支持Apache License"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在OpenStack中大部分程序的错误日志一般存放于哪个文件夹中",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-iaas-openstack-2",
+        "choices": [
+            "/var/log",
+            "/etc/log",
+            "/usr/bin/log",
+            "/root/log"
+        ],
+        "A": "/var/log",
+        "B": "/etc/log",
+        "C": "/usr/bin/log",
+        "D": "/root/log"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在OpenStack中，用户上传镜像后，用户还能更改它吗",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-iaas-openstack-3",
+        "choices": [
+            "能",
+            "不能",
+            "nan",
+            "nan"
+        ],
+        "A": "能",
+        "B": "不能",
+        "C": "nan",
+        "D": "nan"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在OpenStack的keystone模块中，哪个选项不是用户管理组成中的重要部分",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-iaas-openstack-4",
+        "choices": [
+            "用户",
+            "租户",
+            "消费者",
+            "角色"
+        ],
+        "A": "用户",
+        "B": "租户",
+        "C": "消费者",
+        "D": "角色"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下哪个是OpenStack的 Web控制面板",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-iaas-openstack-5",
+        "choices": [
+            "Glance",
+            "Horizon",
+            "Designate",
+            "Searchlight"
+        ],
+        "A": "Glance",
+        "B": "Horizon",
+        "C": "Designate",
+        "D": "Searchlight"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下哪个是OpenStack 管理浮动IP地址的命令行",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-iaas-openstack-6",
+        "choices": [
+            "nova floating-ip-*",
+            "openstack floating-ip-*",
+            "nova /ip floating-ip-*",
+            "nova /file /floating-ip-*"
+        ],
+        "A": "nova floating-ip-*",
+        "B": "openstack floating-ip-*",
+        "C": "nova /ip floating-ip-*",
+        "D": "nova /file /floating-ip-*"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "OpenStack中暂停实例的命令代码",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-iaas-openstack-8",
+        "choices": [
+            "$nova stop INSTANCE NAME",
+            "$nova hold INSTANCE NAME",
+            "$nova pause INSTANCE NAME",
+            "$novainstance pause INSTANCE NAME"
+        ],
+        "A": "$nova stop INSTANCE NAME",
+        "B": "$nova hold INSTANCE NAME",
+        "C": "$nova pause INSTANCE NAME",
+        "D": "$novainstance pause INSTANCE NAME"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在OpenStack多节点部署中，以下关于虚拟机实例的冷迁移的描述中，哪一项是错误的？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-iaas-openstack-9",
+        "choices": [
+            "冷迁移不要求源和目的节点必须共享存储,但必须满足在计算节点间配置 nova 用户的无密码 SSH 访问",
+            "默认只有管理员角色能够执，执行实例迁移操作。如果要让非管理员用户也能执行实例迁移，需要修改相关配置文件",
+            "执行 openstack server migrate 迁移命令之后，无需用户确认，即可最终完成整个迁移任务",
+            "在冷迁移过程中,虚拟机实例会先被关闭,然后另一个节点上启动，相当于实例执行了一次特殊的重启操作"
+        ],
+        "A": "冷迁移不要求源和目的节点必须共享存储,但必须满足在计算节点间配置 nova 用户的无密码 SSH 访问",
+        "B": "默认只有管理员角色能够执，执行实例迁移操作。如果要让非管理员用户也能执行实例迁移，需要修改相关配置文件",
+        "C": "执行 openstack server migrate 迁移命令之后，无需用户确认，即可最终完成整个迁移任务",
+        "D": "在冷迁移过程中,虚拟机实例会先被关闭,然后另一个节点上启动，相当于实例执行了一次特殊的重启操作"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "OpenStack glance提供以下哪种服务",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "lenovo-iaas-openstack-10",
+        "choices": [
+            "灾难恢复",
+            "镜像管理",
+            "容器编排",
+            "网络监控"
+        ],
+        "A": "灾难恢复",
+        "B": "镜像管理",
+        "C": "容器编排",
+        "D": "网络监控"
+    }
+]

data/test/Operations Monitoring.json

@@ -0,0 +1,944 @@
+[
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix跨地域、跨网段的分布式监控通过什么组件实现？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-6",
+        "choices": [
+            "Zabbix Server",
+            "Zabbix Proxy",
+            "Zabbix Agent",
+            "以上都不是"
+        ],
+        "A": "Zabbix Server",
+        "B": "Zabbix Proxy",
+        "C": "Zabbix Agent",
+        "D": "以上都不是"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix前端页面是由以下哪种语言开发的？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-10",
+        "choices": [
+            "ASP",
+            "JSP",
+            "PHP",
+            "ASP.NET"
+        ],
+        "A": "ASP",
+        "B": "JSP",
+        "C": "PHP",
+        "D": "ASP.NET"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix Server是由以下哪种语言开发的？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-11",
+        "choices": [
+            "Shell",
+            "C Language",
+            "Python",
+            "Java"
+        ],
+        "A": "Shell",
+        "B": "C Language",
+        "C": "Python",
+        "D": "Java"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "1台Zabbix Server可以使用多个Java Gateway吗？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-12",
+        "choices": [
+            "是的，Java Gateway可以使用不同的端口",
+            "是的，都在Zabbix Server配置文件的“Java Gateway”参数中定义",
+            "是的，可以使用多个Zabbix Proxy支持"
+        ],
+        "A": "是的，Java Gateway可以使用不同的端口",
+        "B": "是的，都在Zabbix Server配置文件的“Java Gateway”参数中定义",
+        "C": "是的，可以使用多个Zabbix Proxy支持"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "单个Zabbix Server实例上支持的Proxy最大数量是多少？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-13",
+        "choices": [
+            "256",
+            "5",
+            "100",
+            "无限制",
+            "65535"
+        ],
+        "A": "256",
+        "B": "5",
+        "C": "100",
+        "D": "无限制",
+        "E": "65535"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix Server能兼容最早期的Agent版本是什么？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-14",
+        "choices": [
+            "Agent 2.0",
+            "Agent 1.4",
+            "Agent 2.2",
+            "Agent 3.0"
+        ],
+        "A": "Agent 2.0",
+        "B": "Agent 1.4",
+        "C": "Agent 2.2",
+        "D": "Agent 3.0"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于Zabbix版本升级描述正确的是？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-15",
+        "choices": [
+            "Zabbix任何版本升级都会更新数据结构",
+            "Zabbix只有大版本升级才会更新数据结构",
+            "Zabbix只有小版本升级才会更新数据结构",
+            "以上都不是"
+        ],
+        "A": "Zabbix任何版本升级都会更新数据结构",
+        "B": "Zabbix只有大版本升级才会更新数据结构",
+        "C": "Zabbix只有小版本升级才会更新数据结构",
+        "D": "以上都不是"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix对log的监控需要启用Agent的哪种模式？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-16",
+        "choices": [
+            "Agent主动模式",
+            "Agent被动模式",
+            "都可以"
+        ],
+        "A": "Agent主动模式",
+        "B": "Agent被动模式",
+        "C": "都可以"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix监控系统中Ping监控是通过以下哪个组件实现的？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-18",
+        "choices": [
+            "Zabbix Agent",
+            "Zabbix Java Gateway",
+            "Fping",
+            "Zabbix_get"
+        ],
+        "A": "Zabbix Agent",
+        "B": "Zabbix Java Gateway",
+        "C": "Fping",
+        "D": "Zabbix_get"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix能支持Agent-less的监控方式吗？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-20",
+        "choices": [
+            "不能，只能定制化脚本",
+            "能，只能使用Zabbix Proxy的时候才能支持",
+            "能，需要使用Zabbix_get命令",
+            "能，Agent-less是Zabbix开箱即用的功能"
+        ],
+        "A": "不能，只能定制化脚本",
+        "B": "能，只能使用Zabbix Proxy的时候才能支持",
+        "C": "能，需要使用Zabbix_get命令",
+        "D": "能，Agent-less是Zabbix开箱即用的功能"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix监控项最小数据采集频率是多久？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-21",
+        "choices": [
+            "每小时",
+            "每分钟",
+            "每秒钟",
+            "每天"
+        ],
+        "A": "每小时",
+        "B": "每分钟",
+        "C": "每秒钟",
+        "D": "每天"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix采集到的监控数据怎么保存？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-22",
+        "choices": [
+            "在关系型数据库中保存：MySQL、PostgreSQL或者Oracle",
+            "在Zabbix Frontend中保存，用于数据图形化展示",
+            "在Zabbix Proxy中保存，用于分散数据存储的压力",
+            "在Zabbix Server中保存，用于监控数据处理"
+        ],
+        "A": "在关系型数据库中保存：MySQL、PostgreSQL或者Oracle",
+        "B": "在Zabbix Frontend中保存，用于数据图形化展示",
+        "C": "在Zabbix Proxy中保存，用于分散数据存储的压力",
+        "D": "在Zabbix Server中保存，用于监控数据处理"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix_sender命令能实现什么功能？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-23",
+        "choices": [
+            "发送数据给Zabbix Agent",
+            "发送数据给Zabbix Frontend",
+            "发送告警给用户",
+            "发送数据给Zabbix Server或者Proxy"
+        ],
+        "A": "发送数据给Zabbix Agent",
+        "B": "发送数据给Zabbix Frontend",
+        "C": "发送告警给用户",
+        "D": "发送数据给Zabbix Server或者Proxy"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix如何监控VMware虚拟化平台？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-25",
+        "choices": [
+            "通过Zabbix Java Gateway监控",
+            "通过VMware虚拟化平台API监控",
+            "通过Zabbix内置的特殊脚本监控",
+            "通过SSH远程连接的方式监控"
+        ],
+        "A": "通过Zabbix Java Gateway监控",
+        "B": "通过VMware虚拟化平台API监控",
+        "C": "通过Zabbix内置的特殊脚本监控",
+        "D": "通过SSH远程连接的方式监控"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "当触发器产生一个事件提示Zabbix Poller进程繁忙程度超过75%，如何降低这些进程的负荷？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-27",
+        "choices": [
+            "更改Unix环境变量以增加内核限制",
+            "增加数据库连接数",
+            "增加启动的Poller进程参数数量",
+            "重新启动Zabbix Server以释放一些Poller进程"
+        ],
+        "A": "更改Unix环境变量以增加内核限制",
+        "B": "增加数据库连接数",
+        "C": "增加启动的Poller进程参数数量",
+        "D": "重新启动Zabbix Server以释放一些Poller进程"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix中ODBC监控功能描述正确的是？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-28",
+        "choices": [
+            "一种在远程数据库服务器上执行SQL查询并将结果返回给Zabbix的方法",
+            "Zabbix Agent内置的检查功能，验证ODBC是否可用",
+            "远程数据库可能使用ODBC主动将数据推送到Zabbix"
+        ],
+        "A": "一种在远程数据库服务器上执行SQL查询并将结果返回给Zabbix的方法",
+        "B": "Zabbix Agent内置的检查功能，验证ODBC是否可用",
+        "C": "远程数据库可能使用ODBC主动将数据推送到Zabbix"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "告警消息模板包含以下行：“{EVENT.TIME}发生问题”，{EVENT.TIME} 是？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-29",
+        "choices": [
+            "内置宏",
+            "监控项Key值",
+            "触发器表达式",
+            "事件标签",
+            "用户宏"
+        ],
+        "A": "内置宏",
+        "B": "监控项Key值",
+        "C": "触发器表达式",
+        "D": "事件标签",
+        "E": "用户宏"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于”zabbix_server -R housekeeper_execute”命令描述正确的是？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-31",
+        "choices": [
+            "重启Zabbix Housekeepr数据裁剪服务",
+            "Zabbix Housekeepr数据裁剪周期延后1小时",
+            "立即执行历史数据裁剪",
+            "关闭Zabbix Housekeepr数据裁剪服务"
+        ],
+        "A": "重启Zabbix Housekeepr数据裁剪服务",
+        "B": "Zabbix Housekeepr数据裁剪周期延后1小时",
+        "C": "立即执行历史数据裁剪",
+        "D": "关闭Zabbix Housekeepr数据裁剪服务"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix Agent默认监听的端口是哪个？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-32",
+        "choices": [
+            "80",
+            "10050",
+            "10051",
+            "10052"
+        ],
+        "A": "80",
+        "B": "10050",
+        "C": "10051",
+        "D": "10052"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix Web Service组件的功能是什么？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-33",
+        "choices": [
+            "Web页面可用性监控",
+            "SLA监控",
+            "定时导出PDF格式报告",
+            "邮件告警通知发送"
+        ],
+        "A": "Web页面可用性监控",
+        "B": "SLA监控",
+        "C": "定时导出PDF格式报告",
+        "D": "邮件告警通知发送"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix Agent的哪种模式支持数据缓存？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-34",
+        "choices": [
+            "Agent被动模式",
+            "Agent主动模式",
+            "两者都支持"
+        ],
+        "A": "Agent被动模式",
+        "B": "Agent主动模式",
+        "C": "两者都支持"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix Agent配置文件中，利用以下哪个参数来自定义Key？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-35",
+        "choices": [
+            "StartAgents",
+            "UserParameter",
+            "ServerActive",
+            "LoadModule"
+        ],
+        "A": "StartAgents",
+        "B": "UserParameter",
+        "C": "ServerActive",
+        "D": "LoadModule"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix监控系统中，以下哪个功能是用于删除过期历史数据？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-36",
+        "choices": [
+            "Actions",
+            "Maintenance",
+            "Working time",
+            "Housekeeping"
+        ],
+        "A": "Actions",
+        "B": "Maintenance",
+        "C": "Working time",
+        "D": "Housekeeping"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix触发器中last(5m)表示什么意思？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-38",
+        "choices": [
+            "最近五分钟的平均值",
+            "最近五分钟的最大值",
+            "最近五分钟的最小值",
+            "等同于last()，获取最新的值"
+        ],
+        "A": "最近五分钟的平均值",
+        "B": "最近五分钟的最大值",
+        "C": "最近五分钟的最小值",
+        "D": "等同于last()，获取最新的值"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix能不能自动发现网络拓扑？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-39",
+        "choices": [
+            "不能",
+            "能"
+        ],
+        "A": "不能",
+        "B": "能"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Template模板能不能被主机组关联？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-41",
+        "choices": [
+            "能",
+            "不能"
+        ],
+        "A": "能",
+        "B": "不能"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix中用户Macro宏的写法正确的是？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-42",
+        "choices": [
+            "{$User.Macro}",
+            "{USER.MACRO}",
+            "{$USER.MACRO}",
+            "{?USER.MACRO}"
+        ],
+        "A": "{$User.Macro}",
+        "B": "{USER.MACRO}",
+        "C": "{$USER.MACRO}",
+        "D": "{?USER.MACRO}"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix LTS版本发布的时间间隔周期是多久？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-43",
+        "choices": [
+            "6个月",
+            "1.5年",
+            "3年",
+            "5年"
+        ],
+        "A": "6个月",
+        "B": "1.5年",
+        "C": "3年",
+        "D": "5年"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "如何查看Zabbix Server的版本？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-44",
+        "choices": [
+            "执行zabbix_server -R Version命令",
+            "执行zabbix_server -R diaginfo命令",
+            "执行zabbix_server -V 命令",
+            "前端页面查看"
+        ],
+        "A": "执行zabbix_server -R Version命令",
+        "B": "执行zabbix_server -R diaginfo命令",
+        "C": "执行zabbix_server -V 命令",
+        "D": "前端页面查看"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix Agent 的作用是？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-45",
+        "choices": [
+            "存储监控数据",
+            "收集目标主机的数据",
+            "处理告警和配置",
+            "发送电子邮件通知"
+        ],
+        "A": "存储监控数据",
+        "B": "收集目标主机的数据",
+        "C": "处理告警和配置",
+        "D": "发送电子邮件通知"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix Frontend 是用于什么目的？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-46",
+        "choices": [
+            "存储监控数据",
+            "监控数据二次处理",
+            "显示监控数据，监控和告警配置",
+            "配置管理数据库"
+        ],
+        "A": "存储监控数据",
+        "B": "监控数据二次处理",
+        "C": "显示监控数据，监控和告警配置",
+        "D": "配置管理数据库"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于主机（Host）和主机组（Host Group）描述正确的是？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-48",
+        "choices": [
+            "主机（Host）和主机组（Host Group），两者没有关系",
+            "1台主机（Host）只能属于1个主机组（Host Group）",
+            "1台主机（Host）可以属于1个或多个主机组（Host Group）",
+            "以上描述都不正确"
+        ],
+        "A": "主机（Host）和主机组（Host Group），两者没有关系",
+        "B": "1台主机（Host）只能属于1个主机组（Host Group）",
+        "C": "1台主机（Host）可以属于1个或多个主机组（Host Group）",
+        "D": "以上描述都不正确"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix界面上哪个菜单用于创建新的主机和模板？",
+        "answer": "E",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-53",
+        "choices": [
+            "Services",
+            "Inventory",
+            "Monitoring",
+            "Administration",
+            "Configuration"
+        ],
+        "A": "Services",
+        "B": "Inventory",
+        "C": "Monitoring",
+        "D": "Administration",
+        "E": "Configuration"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Agent中用户参数定义如：UserParameter=test,echo ABC，监控项如何引用此key值？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-54",
+        "choices": [
+            "test[ABC]",
+            "test,echo ABC",
+            "test",
+            "test,ABC"
+        ],
+        "A": "test[ABC]",
+        "B": "test,echo ABC",
+        "C": "test",
+        "D": "test,ABC"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix Proxy能发送告警通知吗？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-56",
+        "choices": [
+            "可以，Zabbix Server不可用时",
+            "不可以",
+            "可以，只有1个Zabbix Proxy运行时"
+        ],
+        "A": "可以，Zabbix Server不可用时",
+        "B": "不可以",
+        "C": "可以，只有1个Zabbix Proxy运行时"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "如果某个主机未定义可见名称（Visible name），会影响该主机的哪些方面？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-57",
+        "choices": [
+            "该主机将不会在地图和仪表板上显示",
+            "将使用主机名称（Host name）作为可见名称（Visible name）",
+            "Zabbix Agent主动检查无法正常运行"
+        ],
+        "A": "该主机将不会在地图和仪表板上显示",
+        "B": "将使用主机名称（Host name）作为可见名称（Visible name）",
+        "C": "Zabbix Agent主动检查无法正常运行"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix监控系统，主机（Host）是否能不属于任何主机组（Host Group），独立存在？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-58",
+        "choices": [
+            "能",
+            "不能"
+        ],
+        "A": "能",
+        "B": "不能"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix Agent2的开发语言是什么？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-59",
+        "choices": [
+            "C语言",
+            "Java语言",
+            "GO语言",
+            "Rust语言"
+        ],
+        "A": "C语言",
+        "B": "Java语言",
+        "C": "GO语言",
+        "D": "Rust语言"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix监控系统是否支持跨大版本升级，如3.0版本->6.0版本？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-60",
+        "choices": [
+            "支持",
+            "不支持"
+        ],
+        "A": "支持",
+        "B": "不支持"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix监控系统是否支持版本降级，如6.0版本->3.0版本？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-61",
+        "choices": [
+            "支持",
+            "不支持"
+        ],
+        "A": "支持",
+        "B": "不支持"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "高版本Zabbix Server是否支持低版本的Zabbix Agent，如Server 6.0版本,Agent 3.0版本？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-62",
+        "choices": [
+            "支持",
+            "不支持"
+        ],
+        "A": "支持",
+        "B": "不支持"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix Proxy默认是什么模式？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-64",
+        "choices": [
+            "被��模式",
+            "主动模式",
+            "混合模式",
+            "静默模式"
+        ],
+        "A": "被动模式",
+        "B": "主动模式",
+        "C": "混合模式",
+        "D": "静默模式"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix Agent默认是什么模式？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-65",
+        "choices": [
+            "被动模式",
+            "主动模式",
+            "混合模式",
+            "静默模式"
+        ],
+        "A": "被动模式",
+        "B": "主动模式",
+        "C": "混合模式",
+        "D": "静默模式"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于Zabbix触发器描述正确的是？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-66",
+        "choices": [
+            "触发自动化安装Zabbix Agent",
+            "触发自动化创建监控主机",
+            "同步Zabbix Server配置数据",
+            "用来评估监控项数据的逻辑规则"
+        ],
+        "A": "触发自动化安装Zabbix Agent",
+        "B": "触发自动化创建监控主机",
+        "C": "同步Zabbix Server配置数据",
+        "D": "用来评估监控项数据的逻辑规则"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于Item监控项中”Clear history”按钮功能描述正确的是？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-72",
+        "choices": [
+            "立即在数据库中删除该监控项的所有数据",
+            "立即在数据库中删除该监控项过去7天的数据",
+            "清除该监控项已关联的监控模板",
+            "清除该监控项已配置的触发器"
+        ],
+        "A": "立即在数据库中删除该监控项的所有数据",
+        "B": "立即在数据库中删除该监控项过去7天的数据",
+        "C": "清除该监控项已关联的监控模板",
+        "D": "清除该监控项已配置的触发器"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于Zabbix监控能力以下说法正确的是？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-74",
+        "choices": [
+            "Zabbix监控系统只能由Agent采集数据",
+            "Zabbix监控系统只能由Proxy采集数据",
+            "Zabbix监控系统只能由Server采集数据",
+            "Server、Proxy和Agent都能采集数据"
+        ],
+        "A": "Zabbix监控系统只能由Agent采集数据",
+        "B": "Zabbix监控系统只能由Proxy采集数据",
+        "C": "Zabbix监控系统只能由Server采集数据",
+        "D": "Server、Proxy和Agent都能采集数据"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix监控项最大数据采集频率是多久？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-75",
+        "choices": [
+            "每小时",
+            "每分钟",
+            "每秒钟",
+            "每天"
+        ],
+        "A": "每小时",
+        "B": "每分钟",
+        "C": "每秒钟",
+        "D": "每天"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix监控项采集频率参数设置为”0”，描述正确的是？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-81",
+        "choices": [
+            "使用默认采集频率",
+            "不采集数据",
+            "使用1小时采集频率",
+            "不支持此设置"
+        ],
+        "A": "使用默认采集频率",
+        "B": "不采集数据",
+        "C": "使用1小时采集频率",
+        "D": "不支持此设置"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix触发器函数中，最高效的函数是哪个？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-83",
+        "choices": [
+            "Max（）",
+            "Min（）",
+            "Last（）",
+            "Avg（）"
+        ],
+        "A": "Max（）",
+        "B": "Min（）",
+        "C": "Last（）",
+        "D": "Avg（）"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于Zabbix中用户宏（User Macros）描述正确的是？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-84",
+        "choices": [
+            "用户宏支持小写字母",
+            "用户宏以”?”开始",
+            "只有Admin用户才能定义用户宏",
+            "用户宏支持隐藏内容"
+        ],
+        "A": "用户宏支持小写字母",
+        "B": "用户宏以”?”开始",
+        "C": "只有Admin用户才能定义用户宏",
+        "D": "用户宏支持隐藏内容"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix能不能在Map中展示监控项的最新数据？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-85",
+        "choices": [
+            "仅支持Zabbix Agent采集的数据",
+            "支持使用”Value mapping”方式实现",
+            "使用监控项的Macro宏",
+            "不支持，无此功能"
+        ],
+        "A": "仅支持Zabbix Agent采集的数据",
+        "B": "支持使用”Value mapping”方式实现",
+        "C": "使用监控项的Macro宏",
+        "D": "不支持，无此功能"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "“HTTP agent”类型的监控项是有以下哪个组件发起数据采集？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-86",
+        "choices": [
+            "Zabbix Web service",
+            "Zabbix Agent",
+            "Zabbix Frontend",
+            "Zabbix Server或者Proxy"
+        ],
+        "A": "Zabbix Web service",
+        "B": "Zabbix Agent",
+        "C": "Zabbix Frontend",
+        "D": "Zabbix Server或者Proxy"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "“Housekeeper process”默认多久执行一次？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-87",
+        "choices": [
+            "每小时",
+            "每分钟",
+            "每秒钟",
+            "每天"
+        ],
+        "A": "每小时",
+        "B": "每分钟",
+        "C": "每秒钟",
+        "D": "每天"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于Zabbix依赖监控项的描述正确是？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-89",
+        "choices": [
+            "允许为用户组设置监控项的权限",
+            "一次性批量采集监控项数据，并用于相关监控项",
+            "允许关联问题告警",
+            "以上描述都不正确"
+        ],
+        "A": "允许为用户组设置监控项的权限",
+        "B": "一次性批量采集监控项数据，并用于相关监控项",
+        "C": "允许关联问题告警",
+        "D": "以上描述都不正确"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix前端界面上的“Mass update”按钮的用途是什么？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-92",
+        "choices": [
+            "加载Zabbix Server的配置缓存",
+            "强制多个监控项实时采集数据",
+            "立即更新多个监控项或主机的配置",
+            "更新所有Zabbix Agent和Proxy的配置"
+        ],
+        "A": "加载Zabbix Server的配置缓存",
+        "B": "强制多个监控项实时采集数据",
+        "C": "立即更新多个监控项或主机的配置",
+        "D": "更新所有Zabbix Agent和Proxy的配置"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix前端界面上的“Clear history”按钮的用途是什么？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-93",
+        "choices": [
+            "下一次Housekeeper进程执行时，删除已选中监控项的历史数据",
+            "立即删除已选中监控项的历史数据",
+            "立即删除已选中监控项产生的告警"
+        ],
+        "A": "下一次Housekeeper进程执行时，删除已选中监控项的历史数据",
+        "B": "立即删除已选中监控项的历史数据",
+        "C": "立即删除已选中监控项产生的告警"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix是否可以配置为仅在周末向特定用户发送告警邮件？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-96",
+        "choices": [
+            "可以，在全局管理设置中配置“Working time”来实现",
+            "可以，在操作配置中的自定义操作步骤持续时间内实现",
+            "可以，在用户媒体设置中指定“When active”参数来实现",
+            "不支持"
+        ],
+        "A": "可以，在全局管理设置中配置“Working time”来实现",
+        "B": "可以，在操作配置中的自定义操作步骤持续时间内实现",
+        "C": "可以，在用户媒体设置中指定“When active”参数来实现",
+        "D": "不支持"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "低级发现（LLD）规则的“Keep lost resources period”设置为30天，此LLD发现的实体（项目/触发器）不再被发现？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-97",
+        "choices": [
+            "不会被自动删除，必须手动删除",
+            "30天后会被删除",
+            "将在1小时后由Housekeeper进程删除"
+        ],
+        "A": "不会被自动删除，必须手动删除",
+        "B": "30天后会被删除",
+        "C": "将在1小时后由Housekeeper进程删除"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于Zabbix预处理功能描述正确的是？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-98",
+        "choices": [
+            "预处理功能只能由Zabbix Server执行",
+            "预处理功能可以由Zabbix Server或者Zabbix Proxy执行",
+            "预处理功能只能由Zabbix Agent执行",
+            "预处理功能可以由Zabbix Server或者Zabbix Agent执行"
+        ],
+        "A": "预处理功能只能由Zabbix Server执行",
+        "B": "预处理功能可以由Zabbix Server或者Zabbix Proxy执行",
+        "C": "预处理功能只能由Zabbix Agent执行",
+        "D": "预处理功能可以由Zabbix Server或者Zabbix Agent执行"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Zabbix监控系统中如何调用正则表达式规则？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-99",
+        "choices": [
+            "使用”$”符号",
+            "使用”&”符号",
+            "使用”!”符号",
+            "使用”@”符号"
+        ],
+        "A": "使用”$”符号",
+        "B": "使用”&”符号",
+        "C": "使用”!”符号",
+        "D": "使用”@”符号"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于Zabbix实时导出数据描述正确的是？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "zabbix-100",
+        "choices": [
+            "从Zabbix Agent缓存中导出数据",
+            "从Zabbix Server缓存中导出数据",
+            "从Zabbix Proxy缓存中导出数据",
+            "从Zabbix Frontend缓存中导出数据"
+        ],
+        "A": "从Zabbix Agent缓存中导出数据",
+        "B": "从Zabbix Server缓存中导出数据",
+        "C": "从Zabbix Proxy缓存中导出数据",
+        "D": "从Zabbix Frontend缓存中导出数据"
+    }
+]

data/test/Securities Information System.json

@@ -0,0 +1,1212 @@
+[
+    {
+        "question": "24. 下面有关软件安全问题的描述中，哪项不是由于软件设计缺陷引起？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": " 选项B假冒其他用户登录的原因并不是软件设计缺陷，只要是允许用户修改口令，就存在相同碰撞的可能。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-3",
+        "choices": [
+            "设计了用户权限分级机制和最小特权原则，导致软件在发布运行后，系统管理员不能查看系统审计信息。",
+            "设计了采用不加盐(盐)的SHA-1算法对用户口令进行加密存储，导致软件在发布运行后，不同的用户如使用了相同的口令会得到相同的加密结果，从而可以假冒其他用户登录。",
+            "设计了缓存用户隐私数据机制以加快系统处理性能，导致软件在发布运行后，被黑客攻击获取到用户隐私数据。",
+            "设计了采用自行设计的加密算法对网络传输数据进行保护，导致软件在发布运行后，被对手截获网络数据并破解后得到明文。"
+        ],
+        "A": "设计了用户权限分级机制和最小特权原则，导致软件在发布运行后，系统管理员不能查看系统审计信息。",
+        "B": "设计了采用不加盐(盐)的SHA-1算法对用户口令进行加密存储，导致软件在发布运行后，不同的用户如使用了相同的口令会得到相同的加密结果，从而可以假冒其他用户登录。",
+        "C": "设计了缓存用户隐私数据机制以加快系统处理性能，导致软件在发布运行后，被黑客攻击获取到用户隐私数据。",
+        "D": "设计了采用自行设计的加密算法对网络传输数据进行保护，导致软件在发布运行后，被对手截获网络数据并破解后得到明文。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "25. 降低风险（或减低风险)是指通过对面临风险的资产采取保护措施的方式来降低风险，下面哪个措施不属于降低风险的措施？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": " 选项B是转移风险。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-4",
+        "choices": [
+            "减少威胁源。采用法律的手段制按计算机犯罪，发挥法律的威慑作用，从而有效遏制威胁源的动机。",
+            "签订外包服务合同。将有技术难点、存在实现风险的任务通过签订外部合同的方式交予第三方公司完成，通过合同责任条款来应对风险。",
+            "減少脆弱性。及时给系统补丁，关闭无用的网络服务端口，从而减少系统的脆弱性，降低被利用的可能性。"
+        ],
+        "A": "减少威胁源。采用法律的手段制按计算机犯罪，发挥法律的威慑作用，从而有效遏制威胁源的动机。",
+        "B": "签订外包服务合同。将有技术难点、存在实现风险的任务通过签订外部合同的方式交予第三方公司完成，通过合同责任条款来应对风险。",
+        "C": "減少脆弱性。及时给系统补丁，关闭无用的网络服务端口，从而减少系统的脆弱性，降低被利用的可能性。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "26. 信息安全管理体系(Infomation Seurity Manaemont Systea.ISMS)的内部审核和管理审核是两项重要管理活动。关于这两者，下面描述错误的是？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": " 内审由内审小组负责，管理评审由高级管理层负责，国家政策指定的第三方机构一般是外部的ISMS 认证机构，对应的活动是信息安全管理体系认证。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-5",
+        "choices": [
+            "内部审核和管理审评都很重要，都是促进ISMS持续改进的重要动力，也都应当按照-定的周期实施。",
+            "内部审核的实施方式多采用文件审核和现场审核的形式，而管理评审的实施方式多采用召开管理审评会议的形式进行。",
+            "内部审核的实施主体由组织内部的ISMS内审小组，而管理评审的实施主体是由国家政策指定的第三方技术服务机构。",
+            "组织的信息安全方针、信息安全目标和有关ISMS文件等，在内部审核中作为审核准使用，但在管理评审中，这些文件是被审对象。"
+        ],
+        "A": "内部审核和管理审评都很重要，都是促进ISMS持续改进的重要动力，也都应当按照-定的周期实施。",
+        "B": "内部审核的实施方式多采用文件审核和现场审核的形式，而管理评审的实施方式多采用召开管理审评会议的形式进行。",
+        "C": "内部审核的实施主体由组织内部的ISMS内审小组，而管理评审的实施主体是由国家政策指定的第三方技术服务机构。",
+        "D": "组织的信息安全方针、信息安全目标和有关ISMS文件等，在内部审核中作为审核准使用，但在管理评审中，这些文件是被审���象。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "27. 随着信息安全涉及的范围越来越广，各个组织对信息安全管理的需求越来越迫切，越来越多的组织开始尝试使用参考IS027001介绍的ISMS来实施信息安全管理体系，提高组织的信息安全管理能力。关于ISMS,下面描述错误的是？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": " 方针由最高管理者签字发布。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-6",
+        "choices": [
+            "在组织中，应有信息技术责任部门(如信息中心)制定并颁布信息安全方针，为组织的ISMS建设指明方向并提供总体纲领，明确总体要求。",
+            "组织的管理层应确保ISMS目标和相应的计划得以制定，信息安全管理目标应明确、可度量，风险管理计划应具体、具备可行性。",
+            "组织的信息安全目标、信息安全方针和要求应传达到全组织范围内，应包括全体员工，同时，也应传达客户、合作伙伴和供应商等外部各方。",
+            "组织的管理层应全面了解组织所面临的信息安全风险，决定风险可接受级别和风险可接受准则，并确认接受和相关残余风险。"
+        ],
+        "A": "在组织中，应有信息技术责任部门(如信息中心)制定并颁布信息安全方针，为组织的ISMS建设指明方向并提供总体纲领，明确总体要求。",
+        "B": "组织的管理层应确保ISMS目标和相应的计划得以制定，信息安全管理目标应明确、可度量，风险管理计划应具体、具备可行性。",
+        "C": "组织的信息安全目标、信息安全方针和要求应传达到全组织范围内，应包括全体员工，同时，也应传达客户、合作伙伴和供应商等外部各方。",
+        "D": "组织的管理层应全面了解组织所面临的信息安全风险，决定风险可接受级别和风险可接受准则，并确认接受和相关残余风险。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "28. 若一个组织声称自己的ISMS符合IS0/IEC 27001 或GB/T 22080标准要求，其信息安全措施通常需要在资产管理方面实施常规控制，资产管理包含对资产负责和信息分类两个控制目标。信息分类控制的目标是为了确保信息受到适当级别的保护，通常采取以下哪项控制措施？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": " 资产管理是信息安全控制措施之，ABC三选项是对资产负责的控制措施。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-7",
+        "choices": [
+            "资产清单。",
+            "资产责任人。",
+            "资产的可接受使用。",
+            "分类指南、信息的标记和处理。"
+        ],
+        "A": "资产清单。",
+        "B": "资产责任人。",
+        "C": "资产的可接受使用。",
+        "D": "分类指南、信息的标记和处理。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "29. 应急响应时信息安全事件管理的重要内容之一。关于应急响应工作，下面描述错误的是？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": " 应急流程包含6个阶段的工作。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-8",
+        "choices": [
+            "信息安全应急响应，通常是指一个组织为了应对各种安全意外事件的发生所采取的防范措施，既包括预防性措施，也包括事业发生后的应对措施。",
+            "应急响应工作有其鲜明的特点:具体高技术复杂性与专业性、强突发性、对知识经验的高依赖性，以及需要广泛的协调与合作。",
+            "应急响应时组织在处置应对突发/重大信息安全事件时的工作，其主要包括两部分工作:安全事件发生时正确指挥、事件发生后全面总结。",
+            "应急响应工作的起源和相关机构的成立和1988年11月发生的莫里斯蠕虫病毒事件有关，基于该事件，人们更加重视安全事件的应急处理和整体协调的重要性。"
+        ],
+        "A": "信息安全应急响应，通常是指一个组织为了应对各种安全意外事件的发生所采取的防范措施，既包括预防性措施，也包括事业发生后的应对措施。",
+        "B": "应急响应工作有其鲜明的特点:具体高技术复杂性与专业性、强突发性、对知识经验的高依赖性，以及需要广泛的协调与合作。",
+        "C": "应急响应时组织在处置应对突发/重大信息安全事件时的工作，其主要包括两部分工作:安全事件发生时正确指挥、事件发生后全面总结。",
+        "D": "应急响应工作的起源和相关机构的成立和1988年11月发生的莫里斯蠕虫病毒事件有关，基于该事件，人们更加重视安全事件的应急处理和整体协调的重要性。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "30. 恢复时间目标(Recovery Time 0bjective, RTO)和恢复点目标(RECOVERY Point 0bjective. RPO)是业务连续性和灾难恢复工作中的两个重要指杯，随着���息系统越来越重要和信息技术越来越先进，这两个指标的数值越来越小。小华准备为其工作的信息系统拟定RTO和RPO指标，则以下描述中，正确的是？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": " RPO是数据恢复的时间要求，指标为0则为无缝切换，这个目标来来源于业务需求和组织能够接受的成本代价，随着技术发展，0指标是能够实现的，例如分布式的应用结构和存储结构。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-9",
+        "choices": [
+            "RTO可以为0，RPO也可以为0。",
+            "RTO可以为0，RPO不可以为0。",
+            "RTO不可以为0，RPO可以为0。",
+            "RTO不可以为0，RPO也不可以为0。"
+        ],
+        "A": "RTO可以为0，RPO也可以为0。",
+        "B": "RTO可以为0，RPO不可以为0。",
+        "C": "RTO不可以为0，RPO可以为0。",
+        "D": "RTO不可以为0，RPO也不可以为0。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "31. 随着信息技术的不断发展，信息系统的重要性也越来越突出。而与此同时，发生的信息安全事件也越来越多。综合分析信息安全问题产生的根源，下面描述正确的是？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": " D的错误在于这种分类方法有问题，人的因素可以是外因，也可以是内因。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-10",
+        "choices": [
+            "信息系统自身存在胞的性是根本原因。信息系统越来越重要，同时自身在开发、部署和使用过程中存在的脆弱性，导致了诸多的信息安全事件发生。 因此，杜绝脆弱性的存在是解决信息安全问题的根本所在。",
+            "信息系统面临诸多黑客的威胁，包括恶意攻击者和恶作剧攻击者。信息系统应用越来越广泛，接触信息系统的人越多，信息系统越可能遭受攻击。因此，避免有恶意攻击可能的人接触信息系统就可以解决信息安全问题。",
+            "信息安全问题产生的根源要从内因和外因两个方面分析，因为信息系统自身存在脆弱性，同时外部又有威胁源，从而导致信息系统可能发生安全事件。因此，要防范信息安全风险，需从内外因同时着手。",
+            "信息安全问题的根本原因是内因、外因和人三个因素的综合作用，内因和外因都可能导致安全事件的发生，但最重要的还是人的因素，外部攻击者和内部工作人员通过远程攻击、本地破坏和内外勾结等手段导致安全事件发生。因此，对人这个因素的防范应是安全工作重点。"
+        ],
+        "A": "信息系统自身存在胞的性是根本原因。信息系统越来越重要，同时自身在开发、部署和使用过程中存在的脆弱性，导致了诸多的信息安全事件发生。 因此，杜绝脆弱性的存在是解决信息安全问题的根本所在。",
+        "B": "信息系统面临诸多黑客的威胁，包括恶意攻击者和恶作剧攻击者。信息系统应用越来越广泛，接触信息系统的人越多，信息系统越可能遭受攻击。因此，避免有恶意攻击可能的人接触信息系统就可以解决信息安全问题。",
+        "C": "信息安全问题产生的根源要从内因和外因两个方面分析，因为信息系统自身存在脆弱性，同时外部又有威胁源，从而导致信息系统可能发生安全事件。因此，要防范信息安全风险，需从内外因同时着手。",
+        "D": "信息安全问题的根本原因是内因、外因和人三个因素的综合作用，内因和外因都可能导致安全事件的发生，但最重要的还是人的因素，外部攻击者和内部工作人员通过远程攻击、本地破坏和内外勾结等手段导致安全事件发生。因此，对人这个因素的防范应是安全工作重点。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "32. 某项目的主要内容为建造A类机房，监理单位需要根据《电子信息系统机房设计规范》CGB50174 2008) 的相关要求，对承建单位的逾工设计方案进行审核，以下关于监理单位给出的审核意见错误的是？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": " 主机房中有大题的电子设备，所以不能设置自动水淋系统来灭火。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-11",
+        "choices": [
+            "在异地建立备份机房，设计时应与主要机房等级相同。",
+            "由于高端小型机发热量大， 因此采用活动地板下送风，上回风的方式。",
+            "因机房属于A级主机房，因此设计方案中应考虑配备柴油发电机，当市电发生故障时，所配备的柴油发电机应能承担全部负荷的需要。",
+            "A级主机房应设置自动喷水灭火系统。"
+        ],
+        "A": "在异地建立备份机房，设计时应与主要机房等级相同。",
+        "B": "由于高端小型机发热量大， 因此采用活动地板下送风，上回风的方式。",
+        "C": "因机房属于A级主机房，因此设计方案中应考虑配备柴油发电机，当市电发生故障时，所配备的柴油发电机应能承担全部负荷的需要。",
+        "D": "A级主机房应设置自动喷水灭火系统。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "33. 安全多用途互联网邮件扩展(Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension，S/MIME )是指一种保障邮件安全的技术，下面描述错误的是？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": " S/MIME是邮件安全协议，不是防火墙技术。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-12",
+        "choices": [
+            "S/MIME采用了非对称密码学机制。",
+            "S/MIME支持数宇证书。",
+            "S/MIME采用了邮件防火墙技术。",
+            "S/MIME支持用户身份认证和邮件加密。"
+        ],
+        "A": "S/MIME采用了非对称密码学机制。",
+        "B": "S/MIME支持数宇证书。",
+        "C": "S/MIME采用了邮件防火墙技术。",
+        "D": "S/MIME支持用户身份认证和邮件加密。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "34. 信息安全测评是指依据相关标准，从安全功能等角度对信息技术产品、信息系统、服务提供商以及人员进行测试和评估，以下关于信息安全测评说法不正确的是？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": " 测评包括风险评估、保障测评和等级保护测评。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-13",
+        "choices": [
+            "信息产品安全评估是测评机构的产品的安全性做出的独立评价，增强用户对已评估产品安全的信任。",
+            "目前我国常见的信息系统安全测评包括信息系统风险评估和信息系统安全保障测评两种类型。",
+            "信息安全工程能力评估是对信息安全服务提供者的资格状况、技术实力和实施服务过程质量保证能力的具体衡量和评价。",
+            "信息系统风险评估是系统地分析网络与信息系统所面临的威胁及其存在的脆弱性，评估安全事件可能造成的危害程度，提出游针对性的安全防护策略和整改措施。"
+        ],
+        "A": "信息产品安全评估是测评机构的产品的安全性做出的独立评价，增强用户对已评估产品安全的信任。",
+        "B": "目前我国常见的信息系统安全测评包括信息系统风险评估和信息系统安全保障测评两种类型。",
+        "C": "信息安全工程能力评估是对信息安全服务提供者的资格状况、技术实力和实施服务过程质量保证能力的具体衡量和评价。",
+        "D": "信息系统风险评估是系统地分析网络与信息系统所面临的威胁及其存在的脆弱性，评估安全事件可能造成的危害程度，提出游针对性的安全防护策略和整改措施。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "35. 美国的关键信息基础设施（Critical Information Infrastructure，Cn)包括商用核设施、政策设施、交通系统、饮用水和废水处理系统、公共健康和医疗、能源、银行和金融、国防工业基地等等，美国政府强调重点保障这些基础设施信息安全，其主要原因不包括？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": " 从题目中不能反映C的结论。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-14",
+        "choices": [
+            "这些行业都关系到国计民生，对经济运行和国家安全影响深远。",
+            "这些行业都是信息化应用广泛的领域。",
+            "这些行业信息系统普遍存在安全隐患，而且信息安全专业人才缺乏的现象比其他行业更突出。",
+            "这些行业发生信息安全事件，会造成广泛而严重的损失。"
+        ],
+        "A": "这些行业都关系到国计民生，对经济运行和国家安全影响深远。",
+        "B": "这些行业都是信息化应用广泛的领域。",
+        "C": "这些行业信息系统普遍存在安全隐患，而且信息安全专业人才缺乏的现象比其他行业更突出。",
+        "D": "这些行业发生信息安全事件，会造成广泛而严重的损失。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "36. 分组密码算法是一类十分重要的密码算法，下面描述中，错误的是？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": " 分组密码算法和序列算法是两种算法。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-15",
+        "choices": [
+            "分组密码算法要求输入明文按组分成固定长度的块。",
+            "分组密码的算法每次计算得到固定长度的密文输出块。",
+            "分组密码算法也称作序列密码算法。",
+            "常见的DES、IDEA算法都属于分组密码算法。"
+        ],
+        "A": "分组密码算法要求输入明文按组分成固定长度的块。",
+        "B": "分组密码的算法每次计算得到固定长度的密文输出块。",
+        "C": "分组密码算法也称��序列密码算法。",
+        "D": "常见的DES、IDEA算法都属于分组密码算法。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "37. 部署互联网协议安全虚拟专用网（Internet protocol Security Virtual Private Network，IPsec VPN)时，以下说法正确的是？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": " A错误，MD5提供完整性；B错误，AES提供的保密性；D错误，AH协议提供完整性、验证及抗重放攻击。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-16",
+        "choices": [
+            "配置MD5安全算法可以提供可靠的数据加密。",
+            "配置AES算法可以提供可靠的数据完整性验证。",
+            "部署IPsecVPN网络时，需要考虑IP地址的规划，尽量在分支节点使用可以聚合的 IP地址段，来减少IPsec安全关联（Security Authentication，SA )资源的消耗。",
+            "报文验证头协议（Authentication Header，AH)可以提供数据机密性。"
+        ],
+        "A": "配置MD5安全算法可以提供可靠的数据加密。",
+        "B": "配置AES算法可以提供可靠的数据完整性验证。",
+        "C": "部署IPsecVPN网络时，需要考虑IP地址的规划，尽量在分支节点使用可以聚合的 IP地址段，来减少IPsec安全关联（Security Authentication，SA )资源的消耗。",
+        "D": "报文验证头协议（Authentication Header，AH)可以提供数据机密性。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "38. 某公司的对外公开网站主页经常被黑客攻击后修改主页内容，该公司应当购买并部署下面哪个设备？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": " 网页防篡改系统用来防范WEB篡改。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-17",
+        "choices": [
+            "安全路由器。",
+            "网络审计系统。",
+            "网页防篡改系统。",
+            "虚拟专用网（Virtual Private Network，VPN )系统。"
+        ],
+        "A": "安全路由器。",
+        "B": "网络审计系统。",
+        "C": "网页防篡改系统。",
+        "D": "虚拟专用网（Virtual Private Network，VPN )系统。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "39. 关于恶意代码，以下说法错误的是？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": " 按照运行平台，恶意代码可以分为Windows平台、Linux平台、工业控制系统等。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-18",
+        "choices": [
+            "从传播范围来看，恶意代码呈现多平台传播的特征。",
+            "按照运行平台，恶意代码可以分为网络传播型病毒、文件传播型病毒。",
+            "不感染的依附性恶意代码无法单独执行。",
+            "为了对目标系统实施攻击和破坏，传播途径是恶意代码赖以生存和繁殖的基本条件。"
+        ],
+        "A": "从传播范围来看，恶意代码呈现多平台传播的特征。",
+        "B": "按照运行平台，恶意代码可以分为网络传播型病毒、文件传播型病毒。",
+        "C": "不感染的依附性恶意代码无法单独执行。",
+        "D": "为了对目标系统实施攻击和破坏，传播途径是恶意代码赖以生存和繁殖的基本条件。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "40. 当前，应用软件安全已经日益引起人们的重视，每年新发现的应用软件漏洞已经占新发现漏洞总数一半以上。下列选项中，哪个与应用软件漏洞成因无关？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": " 无论高级和低级语言都存在漏洞。 ",
+        "id": "gtja-security-19",
+        "choices": [
+            "传统的软件开发工程未能充分考虑安全因素。",
+            "开发人员对信息安全知识掌握不足。",
+            "相比操作系统而言，应用软件编码所采用的高级语言更容易出现漏洞。",
+            "应用软件的功能越来越多，软件越来越复杂，更容易出现漏洞。"
+        ],
+        "A": "传统的软件开发工程未能充分考虑安全因素。",
+        "B": "开发人员对信息安全知识掌握不足。",
+        "C": "相比操作系统而言，应用软件编码所采用的高级语言更容易出现漏洞。",
+        "D": "应用软件的功能越来越多，软件越来越复杂，更容易出现漏洞。"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "如果新增加的一块数据盘空间超过2T，那么在系统中需要使用的分区格式是：",
+        "choices": [
+            "EXT",
+            "GPT",
+            "MBR",
+            "FAT"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "id": "gtja-os-0",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "EXT",
+        "B": "GPT",
+        "C": "MBR",
+        "D": "FAT"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在使用ln建立文件符号链接时，为了跨越不同的文件系统，我们需要使用以下哪项技术：",
+        "choices": [
+            "普通链接",
+            "硬链接",
+            "软链接",
+            "特殊链接"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "id": "gtja-os-1",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "普通链接",
+        "B": "硬链接",
+        "C": "软链接",
+        "D": "特殊链接"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "unix操作系统中将”-rwxr-xr--“文件权限字符转换成数字是：",
+        "choices": [
+            "761",
+            "754",
+            "751",
+            "764"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "id": "gtja-os-2",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "761",
+        "B": "754",
+        "C": "751",
+        "D": "764"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "linux系统引导完成后，内核运行的第一个程序是以下哪项：",
+        "choices": [
+            "login",
+            "rc.d",
+            "init",
+            "startup"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "id": "gtja-os-3",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "login",
+        "B": "rc.d",
+        "C": "init",
+        "D": "startup"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "init进程是根据以下哪个文件来创建子进程的：",
+        "choices": [
+            "/etc/services",
+            "/etc/inittab",
+            "/etc/modules.conf",
+            "/etc/lilo.conf"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "id": "gtja-os-4",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "/etc/services",
+        "B": "/etc/inittab",
+        "C": "/etc/modules.conf",
+        "D": "/etc/lilo.conf"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下列哪个选项是LVM格式的磁盘需要设置的格式：",
+        "choices": [
+            "8c",
+            "8d",
+            "8e",
+            "8f"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "id": "gtja-os-5",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "8c",
+        "B": "8d",
+        "C": "8e",
+        "D": "8f"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "crontab文件由六个域组成，每个域由空格分开，其中排列正确的是：",
+        "choices": [
+            "MIN HOUR DAY MONTH YEAR COMMOND",
+            "MIN HOUR DAY MONTH WEEK COMMOND",
+            "COMMOND MIN HOUR DAY MONTH WEEK",
+            "COMMOND MIN HOUR DAY MONTH YEAR"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "id": "gtja-os-6",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "MIN HOUR DAY MONTH YEAR COMMOND",
+        "B": "MIN HOUR DAY MONTH WEEK COMMOND",
+        "C": "COMMOND MIN HOUR DAY MONTH WEEK",
+        "D": "COMMOND MIN HOUR DAY MONTH YEAR"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下哪个不是shell的合法循环语句结构：",
+        "choices": [
+            "do until done",
+            "while do done",
+            "until do done",
+            "for do done"
+        ],
+        "answer": "A",
+        "id": "gtja-os-7",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "do until done",
+        "B": "while do done",
+        "C": "until do done",
+        "D": "for do done"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下哪个不是Linux系统中查看文件的命令：",
+        "choices": [
+            "cat",
+            "less",
+            "tail",
+            "ps"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "id": "gtja-os-8",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "cat",
+        "B": "less",
+        "C": "tail",
+        "D": "ps"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下不属于ifconfig命令作用范围的是：",
+        "choices": [
+            "配置本地回环地址",
+            "配置网卡ip地址",
+            "激活网络适配器",
+            "加载网卡到内核"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "id": "gtja-os-9",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "配置本地回环地址",
+        "B": "配置网卡ip地址",
+        "C": "激活网络适配器",
+        "D": "加载网卡到内核"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在云平台中，弹性扩展可以选择水平扩展的方式，下列关于水平扩展方式描述正确的是:",
+        "choices": [
+            "通过增加实例数量来缓解业务压力",
+            "通过增加云主机内存来缓解业务压力",
+            "通过增加网络带宽的方式来缓解业务压力",
+            "通过增加虚拟CPU的数量来缓解业务压力"
+        ],
+        "answer": "A",
+        "id": "gtja-cloud_computing-0",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "通过增加实例数量来缓解业务压力",
+        "B": "通过增加云主机内存来缓解业务压力",
+        "C": "通过增加网络带宽的方式来缓解业务压力",
+        "D": "通过增加虚拟CPU的数量来缓解业务压力"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "云平台为用户提供多种不同的存储以应对不同场景与不同需求，假设用户有大量非结构化数据需要存放在云端，最适合存放的存储是：",
+        "choices": [
+            "文件存储",
+            "块存储",
+            "对象存储",
+            "云硬盘"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "id": "gtja-cloud_computing-1",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "文件存储",
+        "B": "块存储",
+        "C": "对象存储",
+        "D": "云���盘"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下关于CDN的说法中，错误的是：",
+        "choices": [
+            "前端用户请求通过CDN服务响应，对于可以满足的响应发至后端弹性负载均衡",
+            "解决因跨运营商访问、跨地域访问、服务器带宽及性能带来的访问延迟问题",
+            "CDN是云供应商依托分布于全国的网络节点搭建的一层虚拟网络",
+            "CDN将源站内容分发至接近用户的节点，使用户可就近获取所需内容"
+        ],
+        "answer": "A",
+        "id": "gtja-cloud_computing-2",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "前端用户请求通过CDN服务响应，对于可以满足的响应发至后端弹性负载均衡",
+        "B": "解决因跨运营商访问、跨地域访问、服务器带宽及性能带来的访问延迟问题",
+        "C": "CDN是云供应商依托分布于全国的网络节点搭建的一层虚拟网络",
+        "D": "CDN将源站内容分发至接近用户的节点，使用户可就近获取所需内容"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下关于虚拟机快照的说法中，正确的是：",
+        "choices": [
+            "快照作为单个文件记录，存储在虚拟机的配置目录中",
+            "虚拟机一次只能拍摄一张快照",
+            "在拍摄快照过程中可以选择是否捕获虚拟机的内存状态",
+            "只能从命令行管理快照"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "id": "gtja-cloud_computing-3",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "快照作为单个文件记录，存储在虚拟机的配置目录中",
+        "B": "虚拟机一次只能拍摄一张快照",
+        "C": "在拍摄快照过程中可以选择是否捕获虚拟机的内存状态",
+        "D": "只能从命令行管理快照"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下关于虚拟网卡的描述,错误的是：",
+        "choices": [
+            "虚拟网卡有自己的MAC地址",
+            "从网络角度来看，虚拟网卡与物理网卡功能类似",
+            "虚拟网卡有自己的IP地址",
+            "一台虚拟机只能同时拥有一张虚拟网卡"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "id": "gtja-cloud_computing-4",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "虚拟网卡有自己的MAC地址",
+        "B": "从网络角度来看，虚拟网卡与物理网卡功能类似",
+        "C": "虚拟网卡有自己的IP地址",
+        "D": "一台虚拟机只能同时拥有一张虚拟网卡"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下关于 Hypervisor 的描述，正确的是：",
+        "choices": [
+            "Hypervisor 等于虚批化，有了Hypervisor就可以实现虚拟化",
+            "Hypervisor 实现了操作采统和应用程序与硬件层之间的隔离",
+            "Hypervisor 在宿主型虚拟化中是一个操作系统",
+            "Hypervisor在硬件辅助虚拟化中运行在非 Root 模式下"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "id": "gtja-cloud_computing-5",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "Hypervisor 等于虚批化，有了Hypervisor就可以实现虚拟化",
+        "B": "Hypervisor 实现了操作采统和应用程序与硬件层之间的隔离",
+        "C": "Hypervisor 在宿主型虚拟化中是一个操作系统",
+        "D": "Hypervisor在硬件辅助虚拟化中运行在非 Root 模式下"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下选项属于开源虚拟化技术的是：",
+        "choices": [
+            "FusionCompute",
+            "vSphere",
+            "KVM",
+            "Hyper-V"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "id": "gtja-cloud_computing-6",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "FusionCompute",
+        "B": "vSphere",
+        "C": "KVM",
+        "D": "Hyper-V"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下哪个网络存储接口的协议与块存储无关：",
+        "choices": [
+            "SCSC",
+            "NFS",
+            "iSCSI",
+            "FC"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "id": "gtja-cloud_computing-7",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "SCSC",
+        "B": "NFS",
+        "C": "iSCSI",
+        "D": "FC"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下关于虚拟交换机功能的描述，错误的是：",
+        "choices": [
+            "划分局域网",
+            "搭建隧道",
+            "硬件监控",
+            "模拟路由"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "id": "gtja-cloud_computing-8",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "划分局域网",
+        "B": "搭建隧道",
+        "C": "硬件监控",
+        "D": "模拟路由"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "云平台高可用架构在设计的时候分为多个不同层次，以下关于应用层高可用设计的说法中，错误的是：",
+        "choices": [
+            "弹性伸缩可以自动替换不健康实例",
+            "应用层主要处理的是业务逻辑，应用层高可用主要针对的是有状态类应用进行设计",
+            "天��云中相同区域的不同可用区是通过内网进行链接",
+            "弹性负载均衡可以自动剔除不健康的云主机以实现业务的可用性"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "id": "gtja-cloud_computing-9",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "弹性伸缩可以自动替换不健康实例",
+        "B": "应用层主要处理的是业务逻辑，应用层高可用主要针对的是有状态类应用进行设计",
+        "C": "天翼云中相同区域的不同可用区是通过内网进行链接",
+        "D": "弹性负载均衡可以自动剔除不健康的云主机以实现业务的可用性"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于容器镜像的描述，哪个描述是最正确的:",
+        "choices": [
+            "容器镜像内包含了应用运行所需要的所有依赖，包括操作系统内核",
+            "容器镜像和虚拟机镜像类似，都是一块磁盘的快照",
+            "容器镜像内完全打包了应用运行所需要的文件系统环境，但是不能打包应用运行所需要的操作系统内核",
+            "容器镜像内的内容可以在容器里直接修改"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "id": "gtja-container-1",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "容器镜像内包含了应用运行所需要的所有依赖，包括操作系统内核",
+        "B": "容器镜像和虚拟机镜像类似，都是一块磁盘的快照",
+        "C": "容器镜像内完全打包了应用运行所需要的文件系统环境，但是不能打包应用运行所需要的操作系统内核",
+        "D": "容器镜像内的内容可以在容器里直接修改"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于Kubernetes网络的论述，哪个说法是错误的:",
+        "choices": [
+            "Kubernetes本身的设计要求pod之间网络必须能够互通",
+            "容器跨主机通信的实现，本质上是两个被隔离在不同Network Namespace里的网络设备如何借助宿主机网络进行连通的问题",
+            "Kubernetes的CNI插件在执行上可以“串联”，即可以配置CNI插件串行地调用多个不同的插件",
+            "Kubernetes的容器网络要求必须做到二层的网络隔离"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "id": "gtja-container-2",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "Kubernetes本身的设计要求pod之间网络必须能够互通",
+        "B": "容器跨主机通信的实现，本质上是两个被隔离在不同Network Namespace里的网络设备如何借助宿主机网络进行连通的问题",
+        "C": "Kubernetes的CNI插件在执行上可以“串联”，即可以配置CNI插件串行地调用多个不同的插件",
+        "D": "Kubernetes的容器网络要求必须做到二层的网络隔离"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "为了满足扩展性需要，Kubernetes 在支持内置准入控制器的同时，向用户开放了动态准入控制器接口，包括用于验证对象有效性的 ValidatingAdmissionWebhook 和用于修改原对象的 MutatingAdmissionWebhook。那你知道这两种 Webhook 的执行顺序吗？同类型的多个 Webhook 又是如何判断执行顺序的:",
+        "choices": [
+            "先执行 Validating 再执行 Mutating，同类型按照注册先后顺序执行",
+            "先执行 Validating 再执行 Mutating，同类型按照名字字典序执行",
+            "先执行 Mutating 再执行 Validating，同类型按照注册先后顺序执行",
+            "先执行 Mutating 再执行 Validating，同类型按照名字字典序执行"
+        ],
+        "answer": "D",
+        "id": "gtja-container-3",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "先执行 Validating 再执行 Mutating，同类型按照注册先后顺序执行",
+        "B": "先执行 Validating 再执行 Mutating，同类型按照名字字典序执行",
+        "C": "先执行 Mutating 再执行 Validating，同类型按照注册先后顺序执行",
+        "D": "先执行 Mutating 再执行 Validating，同类型按照名字字典序执行"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Kubernetes 支持同时运行多个 Scheduler，那么系统是根据哪项信息判断一个 Pod 应该交给哪个 Scheduler 调度:",
+        "choices": [
+            "Labels",
+            "Spec.NodeSelector",
+            "Spec.SchedulerName",
+            "Spec.PriorityClassName"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "id": "gtja-container-4",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "Labels",
+        "B": "Spec.NodeSelector",
+        "C": "Spec.SchedulerName",
+        "D": "Spec.PriorityClassName"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于Linux容器Volume的论述，哪个是正确的:",
+        "choices": [
+            "Linux容器启动之后，它的Volume挂载在init里",
+            "Linux容器启动之后，它的Volume挂载在可读写层",
+            "Linux容器的Volume是一个单独的、特殊的层",
+            "Linux容器的Volume是镜像的一部分"
+        ],
+        "answer": "B",
+        "id": "gtja-container-6",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "Linux容器启动之后，它的Volume挂载在init里",
+        "B": "Linux容器启动之后，它的Volume挂载在可读写层",
+        "C": "Linux容器的Volume是一个单独的、特殊的层",
+        "D": "Linux容器的Volume是镜像的一部分"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于Kubernetes的论述，哪个是正确的:",
+        "choices": [
+            "Kubernetes的本质是一个Paas",
+            "Kubernetes的目标用户是业务研发人员",
+            "Kubernetes的本质是一个容器基础设施管理系统",
+            "Kubernetes的本质是一个大规模资源调度系统"
+        ],
+        "answer": "C",
+        "id": "gtja-container-7",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "Kubernetes的本质是一个Paas",
+        "B": "Kubernetes的目标用户是业务研发人员",
+        "C": "Kubernetes的本质是一个容器基础设施管理系统",
+        "D": "Kubernetes的本质是一个大规模资源调度系统"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "GoldenDB底层的快同步是在MySQL开源版本基础上新增了(  )和线程池?",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "id": "gtja-db-0",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "事务节点",
+            "计算节点",
+            "高低水位功能",
+            "GTM集群"
+        ],
+        "A": "事务节点",
+        "B": "计算节点",
+        "C": "高低水位功能",
+        "D": "GTM集群"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于GoldenDB数据节点高低水位的说法，正确的有:",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "id": "gtja-db-1",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "针对本地、同城、异地等各个机房，要针对每个机房分别设置高低水位",
+            "本地、同城共用一套高低水位设置，异地单独设立高低水位",
+            "本地设置一套高低水位，同城、异地共用一套高低水位设置",
+            "本地、同城、异地共用一套高低水位设置"
+        ],
+        "A": "针对本地、同城、异地等各个机房，要针对每个机房分别设置高低水位",
+        "B": "本地、同城共用一套高低水位设置，异地单独设立高低水位",
+        "C": "本地设置一套高低水位，同城、异地共用一套高低水位设置",
+        "D": "本地、同城、异地共用一套高低水位设置"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "下列哪一类表不适合设计为 GoldenDB 复制表",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "id": "gtja-db-4",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "适用于读多写少的表",
+            "数据尽量均衡地分布在各个分片上",
+            "JOIN 和子查询中经常使用的表",
+            "适用于小数据量的表"
+        ],
+        "A": "适用于读多写少的表",
+        "B": "数据尽量均衡地分布在各个分片上",
+        "C": "JOIN 和子查询中经常使用的表",
+        "D": "适用于小数据量的表"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在MySQL中，以下哪个命令用于删除表中所有的行并重置自增计数器？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "id": "gtja-db-8",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "DELETE",
+            "TRUNCATE TABLE",
+            "DROP TABLE",
+            "CLEAR TABLE"
+        ],
+        "A": "DELETE",
+        "B": "TRUNCATE TABLE",
+        "C": "DROP TABLE",
+        "D": "CLEAR TABLE"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在MySQL中，在视图上不能完成的操作是？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "id": "gtja-db-9",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "查询",
+            "在视图上定义新的视图",
+            "更新视图",
+            "在视图上定义新的表"
+        ],
+        "A": "查询",
+        "B": "在视图上定义新的视图",
+        "C": "更新视图",
+        "D": "在视图上定义新的表"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "OceanBase 使用什么协议完成高可用和强一致性?",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "id": "gtja-db-10",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "多副本+Paxos 协议",
+            "单副本+Paxos 协议",
+            "多副本+高可用同步协议",
+            "单副本+高可用同步协议"
+        ],
+        "A": "多副本+Paxos 协议",
+        "B": "单副本+Paxos 协议",
+        "C": "多副本+高可用同步协议",
+        "D": "单副本+高可用同步协议"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "对于存量 Oracle 业务迁移到 OceanBase 上，数据实时同步，建议使用哪个工具？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "id": "gtja-db-11",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "OCP",
+        "B": "DataX",
+        "C": "OMS",
+        "D": "ODC",
+        "choices": [
+            "OCP",
+            "DataX",
+            "OMS",
+            "ODC"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "业务通过 OBProxy 连接到生产环境的 OceanBase 集群，登陆的用户名的可以采用的方式是？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "id": "gtja-db-12",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "用户名",
+        "B": "用户名@租户名",
+        "C": "用户名:租户名:集群名",
+        "D": "用户名@租户名#集群名",
+        "choices": [
+            "用户名",
+            "用户名@租户名",
+            "用户名:租户名:集群名",
+            "用户名@租户名#集群名"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "OceanBase的分布式事务相比于传统的两阶段提交做了一些改进和优化，关于OceanBase的分布式事务，下列说法正确的是？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "id": "gtja-db-13",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "包括一个阶段：提交阶段（commit）",
+        "B": "包括两个阶段：准备阶段（prepare），提交阶段（commit）",
+        "C": "包括两个阶段：提交阶段（commit），异步清理阶段（clear）",
+        "D": "包括三个阶段：准备阶段（prepare），提交阶段（commit），异步清理阶段（clear)",
+        "choices": [
+            "包括一个阶段：提交阶段（commit）",
+            "包括两个阶段：准备阶段（prepare），提交阶段（commit）",
+            "包括两个阶段：提交阶段（commit），异步清理阶段（clear）",
+            "包括三个阶段：准备阶段（prepare），提交阶段（commit），异步清理阶段（clear)"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于 OceanBase 的手动合并执行语句，以下说法正确的是?",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "id": "gtja-db-14",
+        "solution": "",
+        "A": "alter system major freeze",
+        "B": "alter system minor freeze",
+        "C": "alter system trigger freeze",
+        "D": "alter system set freeze",
+        "choices": [
+            "alter system major freeze",
+            "alter system minor freeze",
+            "alter system trigger freeze",
+            "alter system set freeze"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "OceanBase 3.2.3是否支持租户备份?",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "id": "gtja-db-15",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "是",
+            "否"
+        ],
+        "A": "是",
+        "B": "否"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "每一次对Oracle数据库的操作都会导致数据的写入和修改，这些操作将被存储在Redo Log中。以下哪个进程的负责把Redo Log中的数据同步到磁盘中，以此来保证数据的可靠和连续性？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "id": "gtja-db-17",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "服务器进程",
+            "SMON",
+            "DBWR",
+            "LGWR"
+        ],
+        "A": "服务器进程",
+        "B": "SMON",
+        "C": "DBWR",
+        "D": "LGWR"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Oracle中，有一个名为seq的序列对象，以下语句能返回序列值但不会引起序列值增加的是：",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "id": "gtja-db-18",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "select seq.ROWNUM from dual;",
+            "select seq.ROWID from dual;",
+            "select seq.CURRVAL from dual;",
+            "select seq.NEXTVAL from dual;"
+        ],
+        "A": "select seq.ROWNUM from dual;",
+        "B": "select seq.ROWID from dual;",
+        "C": "select seq.CURRVAL from dual;",
+        "D": "select seq.NEXTVAL from dual;"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "Oracle中，下面对序列venseq修改的语句,错误的是？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "id": "gtja-db-19",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "ALTER SEQUENCE venseq START WITH 1;",
+            "ALTER SEQUENCE venseq MAXVALUE 90;",
+            "select seq.CURRVAL from dual;",
+            "select seq.NEXTVAL from dual;"
+        ],
+        "A": "ALTER SEQUENCE venseq START WITH 1;",
+        "B": "ALTER SEQUENCE venseq MAXVALUE 90;",
+        "C": "select seq.CURRVAL from dual;",
+        "D": "select seq.NEXTVAL from dual;"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在oracle中获取前10条的关键字是？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "id": "gtja-db-20",
+        "solution": "",
+        "choices": [
+            "Top",
+            "Limit",
+            "First",
+            "Rownum"
+        ],
+        "A": "Top",
+        "B": "Limit",
+        "C": "First",
+        "D": "Rownum"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下关于路由器的描述，说法错误的是？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-0",
+        "choices": [
+            "路由器可以作为网关设备",
+            "路由器不能隔离广播域",
+            "路由器工作再网络层",
+            "路由器能够实现IP报文转发"
+        ],
+        "A": "路由器可以作为网关设备",
+        "B": "路由器不能隔离广播域",
+        "C": "路由器工作再网络层",
+        "D": "路由器��够实现IP报文转发"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "某网络工程师在输入命令行时提示如下信息：Error:Unrecognized command found at ‘ position. 对于该提示信息说法正确的是？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-1",
+        "choices": [
+            "输入命令不完整",
+            "参数类型错",
+            "输入命令不明确",
+            "没有查找到关键字"
+        ],
+        "A": "输入命令不完整",
+        "B": "参数类型错",
+        "C": "输入命令不明确",
+        "D": "没有查找到关键字"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "OSPF协议使用哪种状态表示邻接关系已经建立？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-2",
+        "choices": [
+            "2-way",
+            "Attempt",
+            "Down",
+            "Full"
+        ],
+        "A": "2-way",
+        "B": "Attempt",
+        "C": "Down",
+        "D": "Full"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于下文所示信息描述正确的是？ [R1]display interface g0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 current state : Administratively DOWN Line protocol current state : DOWN",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-3",
+        "choices": [
+            "GigabitEthernet0/0/0接口没有配置IP地址",
+            "GigabitEthernet0/0/0接口连接了一条错误的线缆",
+            "GigabitEthernet0/0/0接口被管理员手动关闭了",
+            "GigabitEthernet0/0/0接口没有启用动态路由协议"
+        ],
+        "A": "GigabitEthernet0/0/0接口没有配置IP地址",
+        "B": "GigabitEthernet0/0/0接口连接了一条错误的线缆",
+        "C": "GigabitEthernet0/0/0接口被管理员手动关闭了",
+        "D": "GigabitEthernet0/0/0接口没有启用动态路由协议"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "管理员计划通过配置静态浮动路由来实现路由备份，则正确的实现方法是？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-4",
+        "choices": [
+            "管理员需要为主用静态路由和备用静态路由配置不同的TAG",
+            "管理员只需要配置两个静态路由",
+            "管理员需要为主用静态路由和备用静态路由配置不同的度量值",
+            "管理员需要为主用静态路由和备用静态路由配置不同的协议优先级值"
+        ],
+        "A": "管理员需要为主用静态路由和备用静态路由配置不同的TAG",
+        "B": "管理员只需要配置两个静态路由",
+        "C": "管理员需要为主用静态路由和备用静态路由配置不同的度量值",
+        "D": "管理员需要为主用静态路由和备用静态路由配置不同的协议优先级值"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "RSTP协议不包含以下哪个端口状态",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-5",
+        "choices": [
+            "Blocking",
+            "Learning",
+            "Discarding",
+            "Forwarding"
+        ],
+        "A": "Blocking",
+        "B": "Learning",
+        "C": "Discarding",
+        "D": "Forwarding"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "NAPT允许多个私有IP地址通过不同的端口号映射到同一个公有IP地址上，则下面关于NAPT中端口号描述正确的是？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-6",
+        "choices": [
+            "只需要配置端口号的范围",
+            "必须手工配置端口号和私有地址的对应关系",
+            "需要使用ACL分配端口号",
+            "不需要做任何关于端口号的配置"
+        ],
+        "A": "只需要配置端口号的范围",
+        "B": "必须手工配置端口号和私有地址的对应关系",
+        "C": "需要使用ACL分配端口号",
+        "D": "不需要做任何关于端口号的配置"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "AP通过以下哪项报文从AC请求软件版本 VRP System Request Image Package Request Image",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-7",
+        "choices": [
+            "Data",
+            "Request",
+            "Sodtware",
+            "Request"
+        ],
+        "A": "Data",
+        "B": "Request",
+        "C": "Sodtware",
+        "D": "Request"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "在以太网这种多点访问网络上，PPPOE服务器可以通过一个以太网与很多PPPOE客户端建立起PPP连接，因此服务器必须为每个PPP会话建立唯一的会话标识以区分不同的PPPOE会使用什么参数建立会话标识符？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-8",
+        "choices": [
+            "IP地址与MAC地址",
+            "MAC地址与PPP-ID",
+            "MAC地址与Session-ID",
+            "MAC地址"
+        ],
+        "A": "IP地址与MAC地址",
+        "B": "MAC地址与PPP-ID",
+        "C": "MAC地址与Session-ID",
+        "D": "MAC地址"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下关于无线设备描述正确的是？ 无线设备没有有限接口 FAT",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-9",
+        "choices": [
+            "AP一般与无线控制器配合工作",
+            "FIT",
+            "AP一般独立完成用户接入认证业务转发",
+            "无线控制器AC一般位于整个网络的汇聚层，提供高速、安全、可靠的WLAN业务"
+        ],
+        "A": "AP一般与无线控制器配合工作",
+        "B": "FIT",
+        "C": "AP一般独立完成用户接入认证业务转发",
+        "D": "无线控制器AC一般位于整个网络的汇聚层，提供高速、安全、可靠的WLAN业务"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "如果ACL规则中最大的编号为12，缺省情况下，用户配置新规则时未指定编号，则新系统为新规则分配的编号为？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-10",
+        "choices": [
+            "13",
+            "14",
+            "15",
+            "16"
+        ],
+        "A": "13",
+        "B": "14",
+        "C": "15",
+        "D": "16"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "WLAN漫游时STA所连接的AP属于相同的？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-11",
+        "choices": [
+            "BSSID",
+            "VLAN",
+            "ESS",
+            "BSS"
+        ],
+        "A": "BSSID",
+        "B": "VLAN",
+        "C": "ESS",
+        "D": "BSS"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "以下哪种SNMP报文是由被管理设备上的Agent发送给NMS的？",
+        "answer": "A",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-12",
+        "choices": [
+            "Response",
+            "Get-Request",
+            "Get-Next-Requset",
+            "Set-Request"
+        ],
+        "A": "Response",
+        "B": "Get-Request",
+        "C": "Get-Next-Requset",
+        "D": "Set-Request"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "IPv6组播地址标志字段（Flag）长度为多少bit？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-15",
+        "choices": [
+            "2",
+            "3",
+            "4",
+            "5"
+        ],
+        "A": "2",
+        "B": "3",
+        "C": "4",
+        "D": "5"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "关于OSPF协议DR的说法正确的是？ DR的选举是抢占式的",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-16",
+        "choices": [
+            "DR一定是网络中优先级最高的设备",
+            "Router",
+            "ID值越大约优先被选举为DR",
+            "一个接口优先级为0，那么该接口不可能成为DR"
+        ],
+        "A": "DR一定是网络中优先级最高的设备",
+        "B": "Router",
+        "C": "ID值越大约优先被选举为DR",
+        "D": "一个接口优先级为0，那么该接口不可能成为DR"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "单臂路由的方式实现VLAN间路由互通，有以下哪种优势？",
+        "answer": "C",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-17",
+        "choices": [
+            "减少设备数量",
+            "减少路由表条目",
+            "减少链路连接的数量",
+            "减少IP地址的使用"
+        ],
+        "A": "减少设备数量",
+        "B": "减少路由表条目",
+        "C": "减少链路连接的数量",
+        "D": "减少IP地址的使用"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "某交换机收到一个带有VLAN标签的单播数据帧，但发现在其MAC地址表中查询不到该数据帧的目的MAC地址，则交换机对该数据帧的处理行为是？",
+        "answer": "D",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-18",
+        "choices": [
+            "交换机会向所有端口广播该数据帧",
+            "交换机会向所有Access端口广播此数据帧",
+            "交换机会丢弃此数据帧",
+            "交换机会向属于该数据帧所在VLAN中的所有端口（除接收端口）广播此数据帧"
+        ],
+        "A": "交换机会向所有端口广播该数据帧",
+        "B": "交换机会向所有Access端口广播此数据帧",
+        "C": "交换机会丢弃此数据帧",
+        "D": "交换机会向属于该数据帧所在VLAN中的所有端口（除接收端口）广播此数据帧"
+    },
+    {
+        "question": "网络管理工作站通过SNMP协议管理网络设备，当被管理设备有异常发生时，网络管理工作站将会收到哪种SNMP报文？",
+        "answer": "B",
+        "solution": "",
+        "id": "gtja-network-19",
+        "choices": [
+            "set-requesti报文",
+            "trap报文",
+            "get-response报文",
+            "get-request报文"
+        ],
+        "A": "set-requesti报文",
+        "B": "trap报文",
+        "C": "get-response报文",
+        "D": "get-request报文"
+    }
+]