白癜风

title: 症状.
content: 本病男女均可发生,从初生婴儿到年迈老人皆可发病。15—30岁为发病高峰。  一半左右的病人在20岁以前出现症状。患者由于皮肤的色素细胞减少或失去活性,褪色区域开始出现于肢端皮肤。患处一般呈左右对称分布,面积随着时间可能扩大或者不变,部分患处还可能重新着色。位于头皮部或其他体毛着生区域的患处还可能导致毛发褪色。  皮损表现为局部色素脱失斑。呈乳白色,大小不一,从1—2厘米到几十厘米不等。形状不定,一般为圆形、椭圆形,也有不整形、地图形或呈网眼状,表面光滑,无鳞片,从单个皮损到多发白斑,全身任何部位均可发生,患处毛发即可变白,对紫外线照射较正常皮肤敏感,炎夏时,稍晒即发红。  初发时多为色素减退斑,一片或几片,色素未完全消失,故可与正常皮肤分界不清,也有开始发病时为点状色素减退斑。皮损逐渐发展扩大,色素完全脱失,可互相融合,与正常皮肤分界渐渐清楚。皮损发展和静止常交替进行,部分病人有明显季节性,一般春末夏初时明显加重,冬季静止或减轻,有的病人皮损可较长时间局现于某些部位,而有些病人发展迅速,很快及全身。  大多数病人无任何自觉不适感,极少数病人初发时局部可有轻度瘙痒不适感,病情发展扩大后,不再出现症状。
title: 治疗.
content: 因为白癜风的病因尚不明了,目前没有根治的手段。单纯改善外观可以用化妆品掩饰白斑,其他治疗方法有类固醇激素、紫外线照射、手术等,用窄波段的紫外线-B照射可以使白斑的边界不那么明显。目前最有希望和成功率最高的治疗手段是自表皮移植,利用吸泡或组织工程等医学手段,在患处植入黑色素细胞,使得肤色逐渐正常,从而达到治疗效果。
title: 病因.
content: 白癜风患者病因并不能确定,但是有很多的因素影响白癜风患者,比如说环境因素,工业污染,农业污染,还有很多个人的问题,遗传,精神压力大,内分泌与免疫系统失调,还有饮食上的不注意,厌食、偏食等。  约半数以上病人发病时可找到某种诱因。最多见的为精神因素和局部损伤因素。精神因素包括精神创伤,工作极度紧张,情绪波动等。局部因素则包括皮肤外伤或湿疹、皮炎等炎症性皮肤病。其它诱因为日晒(特别是暴晒)、系统疾病、手术等。

Summary: 白癜风(Vitiligo)也称为白斑、白蚀,是慢性的皮肤症状,特征是皮肤部分部位因为色素脱失而出现斑痕 。斑痕多半是白色的,而且有不规则的边缘 。该部位的皮肤也会变成白色,口鼻的内部也会受到影响,多半身体的二侧都会出现。白癜风一般是在暴露在太阳下之后开始出现,若是深色皮肤的人,会格外明显。白癜风会造成病患的心理压力,而且会被社会耻辱 。

Vitiligo: Vitiligo is a long-term skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment. The patches of skin affected become white and usually have sharp margins. The hair from the skin may also become white. The inside of the mouth and nose may also be involved. Typically both sides of the body are affected. Often the patches begin on areas of skin that are exposed to the sun. It is more noticeable in people with dark skin. Vitiligo may result in psychological stress and those affected may be stigmatized. The exact cause of vitiligo is unknown. It is believed to be due to genetic susceptibility that is triggered by an environmental factor such that an autoimmune disease occurs. This results in the destruction of skin pigment cells. Risk factors include a family history of the condition or other autoimmune diseases, such as hyperthyroidism, alopecia areata, and pernicious anemia. It is not contagious. Vitiligo is classified into two main types: segmental and non-segmental. Most cases are non-segmental, meaning they affect both sides; and in these cases, the affected area of the skin typically expands with time. About 10% of cases are segmental, meaning they mostly involve one side of the body; and in these cases, the affected area of the skin typically does not expand with time. Diagnosis can be confirmed by tissue biopsy. There is no known cure for vitiligo. For those with light skin, sunscreen and makeup are all that is typically recommended. Other treatment options may include steroid creams or phototherapy to darken the light patches. Alternatively, efforts to lighten the unaffected skin, such as with hydroquinone, may be tried. Several surgical options are available for those who do not improve with other measures. A combination of treatments generally has better outcomes. Counselling to provide emotional support may be useful. Globally about 1% of people are affected by vitiligo. In some populations it affects as many as 2–3%. Males and females are equally affected. About half show the disorder before age 20 and most develop it before age 40. Vitiligo has been described since ancient history.