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10.6027/9789289342698-7-en | 00021941702cd84171ff33962197ca1f | From a gender perspective, Paulgaard points out that the labour markets of the fishing villages have been highly gender-segregated in terms of the existence of "male jobs" and "female jobs", however, the new business opportunities have led to the male population of the peripheral areas now working in the service industry in former "female jobs": "That boys and girls are doing the same jobs indicates change, because traditional boundaries between women and men's work are being crossed. But the fact that young people are still working represents continuity with the past" (Paulgaard 2002: 102). When Paulgaard refers to continuity with traditions, she refers to the expectations of young adults to participate in adult culture, thus these fishing villages traditionally have no actual youth culture. As described earlier, Paulgaard (2015) concludes that in some of Norway's peripheral areas school is still 'foreign', a time waster stealing time from young adults who should instead spend their time on what is considered to be "real" work. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.18356/eca72908-en | 00028349a7f9b2485ff344ae44ccfd6b | Labour legislation regulates maximum working hours, industrial safety, minimum wages and benefits for workers and the prevention of child labour, but enforcement, if any, is weak. Therefore, the immigration laws applicable in Western countries cannot be applied to these workers. T. H. including basic public services. ,, | 11 | 10SDG 11
| 2 | 1 | 0.333333 |
10.1787/9789264289062-4-en | 0004eb64f96e1620cd852603d9cbe4d4 | The average figure also masks large differences across regions in Kazakhstan. The number of annual contacts ranges from 2.0 in Astana to 9.7 in Mangystau, and some parts of the population are likely to have very limited access to primary care. In addition, poor coverage of outpatient prescription medicines limits both the effectiveness (and appeal) of care at PHC level. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.1787/3726edff-en | 0005d3e8b213d9e2cb967666e1aca2e9 | Applied research is directed “primarily towards a specific, practical aim or objective. ” It often uses findings from basic research, but aims to find applications of the knowledge. Experimental development is “systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from research and practical experience and producing additional knowledge, which is directed to producing new products or processes or to improving existing products or processes. ” | 9 | 8SDG 9
| 3 | 6 | 0.333333 |
10.1787/5k9b7bn5qzvd-en | 0006a887475ccfa5a7f5f51d4ac83d02 | The extent to which they are akin to corruption is difficult to assess. In 2005, the government implemented an anti-corruption campaign, which decreased the frequency of informal payments. The Ministry' of Health too has been taking steps to reduce corruption and fraud. In 2009, the European Healthcare Fraud and Corruption Network Excellence Award was granted to Mrs. Ewa Kopacz, then Minister of Health, for her anti-corruption and anti-fraud actions. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 1 | 2 | 0.333333 |
10.1787/9789264258211-6-en | 0006d6e7593776abbdf4a6f985ea6d95 | A region reporting a higher rate will not earn points for this indicator. This means for example that activities that were carried out in 2012 are rewarded financially through the P4P scheme in 2014. The level of payment in the P4P scheme is set deliberately low at the start of the programme to avoid gaming and crowding out intrinsic motivation. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 2 | 2 | 0 |
10.1787/5js4xfgl4ks0-en | 000b54717f2deea5d99055b4c1c2bf5a | These findings are consistent with previous work that examined differences in wage inequality across countries (Blau and Khan, 2005, Fournier and Koske, 2012). Returns to education are also found to be an important role in explaining the rise in earnings inequality (see Autor, 2014). In these countries, however, the magnitude of the contribution is quite small. Two types of explanation are commonly proposed in the literature. The first emphasises relative supply and demand for skills: characteristics in lower (net) supply get higher rewards. The second, emphasises the role played by labour market institutions such as minimum wages, the degree of unionisation and the rules governing wage bargaining. | 10 | 9SDG 10
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.1787/9789264285712-7-en | 000bc99895142f9b6795ddf402e16e9a | Each section states the economic principle, reviews international good practice and discusses the situation in Brazil. Drawing from international experiences, it concludes with sketching some policy recommendations. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. A first observation is that regardless of the constitutional setting (federal or unitary), in the most advanced systems, water abstraction charges are commonly managed at sub-national levels. | 6 | 5SDG 6
| 2 | 6 | 0.5 |
10.1787/9789264117563-8-en | 000bfb17e9f3a00d4515ab59c5c487e7 | The Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research station monitors the quantity and quality of water along the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea. The Nature and Parks Authority (NPA) monitors water quality in rivers on behalf of the MoEP. Mekorot and local authorities monitor drinking water quality under the supervision of the Ministry of Health. The Ministry of Health monitors effluent quality prior to its use in the agricultural sector. | 6 | 5SDG 6
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.18356/805b1ae4-en | 001180f5dd9a821e651ed51e30d0cf8c | Previous chapters have discussed ways to make food systems more supportive of food security and better nutrition. Nutrition-sensitive food systems can give consumers better options, but ultimately it is consumers who choose what they eat. What consumers choose to eat influences their own nutritional outcomes and sends signals back through the food system - to retailers, processors and producers - that shape both what is produced and how sustainably it is produced. | 2 | 1SDG 2
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.1787/1826beee-en | 0014f8ae09b458434c107236c86c2c38 | To encourage N runoff reductions by farmers, the government set up a cap to current loads and a buy-back 20% of the quotas. Farmers received allocations and were encouraged to reduce their nitrogen emissions to gain from selling water discharge allowances. Reducing soil erosion brings longterm soil-productivity gains and additional benefits, mainly improving water quality by reducing agricultural nonpoint pollution in drinking water (including fertiliser runoff, leaching, and nutrient contamination). Other conservation programmes that were initiated alongside the CRP included Swampbuster, Sodbuster, and Conservation Compliance. | 6 | 5SDG 6
| 1 | 2 | 0.333333 |
10.1017/S0008423907070424 | 00162fc8346ca9cd525d8f87ac2b5352 | The “War on Terror” and the Framework of International Law, Helen Duffy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. li, 488.The war on terror poses increasingly intractable challenges for the international legal order. Some commentators query whether the international reaction to 9/11 might have relaxed or transformed well-established legal principles, particularly in the fields of recourse to force and state responsibility. Other scholars opine that international law is adequately suited to address the relatively new and polymorphous threats of terrorism. Regardless of one's stance on the question, it is clear that the current war on terror has generated considerable academic writing, both inside and outside of law, and propelled various legal issues, such as the application of international human rights, international humanitarian law and international criminal law, to the forefront of scholarly inquiry. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 0 | 7 | 1 |
10.1787/agr/outlook-2010-4-en | 001947921f75e9d49041afcb5886b3f7 | The distinction needs to be made between normal risks that are frequent but generate limited damage and catastrophic risks that are rare but have large consequences for individuals or regions. These latter risks should be the main focus of policy actions, keeping in mind the pre-existing policy environment and the whole set of risks affecting the targeted population. Ex ante measures for risk mitigation, in particular income tax smoothing systems for agriculture are also used. | 2 | 1SDG 2
| 1 | 3 | 0.5 |
10.1787/9789264310278-en | 001f1aee4013cb098da17a979c38bc57 | Prescription rates appear to be higher where labour force participation is lower. There is also a possible relationship between drug use and disability. This may arise after the definition of disability was extended to include chronic conditions. Krueger (2017(47)) found that around one-fifth of the non-participating prime age males were also regularly taking opioid painkillers. | 8 | 7SDG 8
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264235120-8-en | 00207cdcd22dc31a0239df13a04e3558 | By contrast, the share of working-age households with a working man remained relatively stable (at 76%) over time in most countries (Panel A). Germany, nevertheless, witnessed a significant decline (by about 15 percentage points) in men’s employment participation among households during this period. A. Households with a male worker Panel. In Spain, for instance, in 1995 only 22% (25%) of households had a woman working full-time (full-year), compared to 42% (52%) in the year prior to the crisis. Dutch women are now working more weeks per year, though not more hours per week. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264225442-29-en | 002363dc0399349925c2dd768365dd6d | Parents pay a maximum fee for kindergarten only (between 15.8% and 22.5% of total costs in 2011, depending on whether the kindergarten is public or private). Counties are responsible for upper secondary education, which they finance through taxes and block grants. Costs in this sector vary considerably from one region to another. Additional state subsidies and provisions are given to avoid regional disparities. Private kindergartens (50% of all kindergartens) are also financed by the state through the block grants to municipalities. | 4 | 3SDG 4
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.1787/85b52daf-en | 0027c15f32637adab79d770bdc8827e9 | It does not include activities where the support for the private sector is channelled through public sector agencies e.g. credit lines through state owned banks or challenge funds managed by NGOs, which are covered in the second category. This approach has been used in two previous OECD analyses in Miyamoto and Chiofalo (2015) and Miyamoto and Biousse (2014). This approach has been used in a previous OECD analysis in Brown and Wang (2015). | 13 | 12SDG 13
| 8 | 1 | 0.777778 |
10.1016/J.PROCS.2017.11.303 | 00283156eb3e8de39758e3c5371a1340 | Abstract This paper demonstrates how different scientific disciplines can be successfully merged for efficient real life applications. We propose a novel approach to a social science application using artificial intelligence, by suggesting a neural network designto anticipate or predict people’s perceptions regarding the Cyprus conflict and the peace mediation process.Our novel model is based on associating people’s views and thoughts on critical issues related to the conflict together with their anticipation for securing a peace treaty by year 2020. Our database is our own and has been collected through completed surveys by the international relations department students at the Near East University. The obtained digitally-coded values of the entire database as well as the proposed associative neural predicting model can be further used in training and testing the neural model, which certainly waives the way for further research in this rare application area for artificial intelligence. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 1 | 4 | 0.6 |
10.18356/0488519d-en | 0029009b33c6606b783ebda5862854db | The rapid assessment takes into account the damage and losses for selected sectors such as housing, infrastructure and agriculture, with disaster risk reduction as a cross cutting sector. This will be a step-by-step guide on conducting rapid damage assessments for the selected sectors using space, geospatial modelling, crowdsourcing and other web-based technology. The manual was pilot tested following the PDNA for the 2015 Nepal earthquakes and the methodology was reviewed by experts. | 13 | 12SDG 13
| 4 | 5 | 0.111111 |
10.1787/eco/surveys-chn-2010-11-en | 00292cb0ff962be83dcf67a84a0da691 | For those individuals, out-of-pocket expenses average 78% of average annual income in rural areas, even with the new insurance system. For most of the decade to 2003, the number of visits to township medical centres (hospitals) had been falling, while in urban areas a similar institution did not exist. The two new insurance-based schemes were accompanied by a strategy to orient people to existing township centres and to create new urban community health centres at the level of the neighbourhood committee. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.1787/5k46dbzhrkhl-en | 0029819789475dec26a4c2c986fda78e | Alastair Wood co-ordinated the production process, Maria Consolati and Louis Scott provided invaluable secretariat assistance. For example, the majority of poor people are principally dependent on agriculture but, in turn, society is dependent on farmers managing land well to sustain water supplies, biodiversity and other environmental services. Such relationships are dynamic and increasingly intense: climate change, rising population, resource scarcities and price volatilities put them all under pressure. | 13 | 12SDG 13
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.1787/9789264096356-en | 0029c6c6f02eab58b0ae567c866e8ca8 | In the present case, LCOE were calculated including a carbon price of USD 30 per tonne of CO2. The advantage of nuclear energy in this context is that its average cost remains very stable in the light of changes in the fuel or in the carbon price. In particular, it is protected against fuel price changes by the low proportion of fuel costs in the total lifetime costs of nuclear power generation. Overnight costs include construction and contingency costs but exclude IDC. | 7 | 6SDG 7
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.1787/9789264230750-8-en | 002a903707a6ce3e88ec3c91e846dc6d | It builds on the nine years of basic education (six years of primary school and three years of junior secondary school). Students entering senior secondary school can attend either a more academically oriented school or vocational school. This applies in both the Islamic and non-Islamic systems. Formal senior secondary education comprises general education (sekolah menengah atas, or SMA), vocational education (sekolah menengah kejuruan, or SMK), Islamic senior secondary schools (madrasah aliyah, or MA) and Islamic vocational education (madrasah aliyah kejuruan, or MAK). This chapter concentrates largely on the provision of academic senior secondary education, while Chapter 5 considers the vocational side. Work is under way to develop community colleges and alternative routes to further and higher education. | 4 | 3SDG 4
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264202276-9-en | 002f6840660d0e3051543f0ba55c82ca | Several hotels and universities have also contracted private firm to construct wastewater treatment plants. Certain groups of consumers - particularly in industry tourism, commerce and agriculture - are expected to pay a tariff reflecting the full cost of water service provision. An increase in the water tariff was approved in late 2010, potentially helping to improve cost recovery, but the Ministry of Water and Irrigation stated in June 2012 that tariffs would not increase further in the near future. | 7 | 6SDG 7
| 3 | 6 | 0.333333 |
10.1787/785f021c-en | 002f6f9f29c3c2e9301602b4c8dcc141 | Eventually, a higher discretionary income yields a diversified demand for manufactured goods, as demand and consequently expenditure shifts away from agricultural products towards manufactured goods. This new demand, in turn, leads to the creation of new industries and new varieties of products in the economy (process of diversification), which is a key component of sustainable long-term economic development (Saviotti and Pyka, 2004). Demand for new products as well as the desire of firms to become more profitable triggers a process of diversification and consolidation within the manufacturing sector. | 9 | 8SDG 9
| 3 | 6 | 0.333333 |
10.18356/31959a6d-en | 002fecbf54ca76030de11cc21d087a7d | Indeed, the level of benefits provided by NC schemes is often too modest. Given the large differences between contributory and NC pension benefit levels, even full NC coverage does not necessarily mean equal protection or equal rights. In fact, most countries have adopted means-tested designs in their NC pension pillars and universal schemes exist only in a few of them. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 7 | 2 | 0.555556 |
10.1176/APPI.PS.52.4.477 | 0030671438d7acdbf2e63bab71ca4a2b | Mental health courts are emerging in communities across the country to address the growing number of individuals with serious mental illness in jails and the complex issues they present to the courts. Based on concepts of therapeutic jurisprudence and patterned after drug courts, mental health courts attempt to prevent criminalization and recidivism by providing critical mental health services. The authors describe mental health courts in Broward County, Florida, King County, Washington, Anchorage, Alaska, and Marion County, Indiana. Each of these courts is designed to meet the specific needs and resources of its jurisdiction. The courts' experiences suggest that involving all players from the beginning is essential. The authors discuss the issues of due process, availability of services, and control of resources, which must be addressed before mental health courts are widely implemented. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 2 | 5 | 0.428571 |
10.18356/bb1b1617-en | 0030a34b80a08877dd7e98dfa41bfc10 | Recognising that this could not continue indefinitely, attention has turned to the management of water demand by measures such as water pricing mechanisms, reduction of water losses, water reuse and recycling, increasing the efficiency of domestic, agricultural and industrial water uses, and water saving campaigns supported by public education. Reducing water demand can bring additional benefits in decreased pollution discharges and lower energy consumption. At the household level, this is largely a matter of combining water-efficient installations with raising awareness, industrial users have reduced water use by recycling, reuse, changing production processes, using more efficient technologies and reducing leakage. | 6 | 5SDG 6
| 1 | 3 | 0.5 |
10.1787/5js4vmp5n5r8-en | 00318d358a0c012f7d22cc91cfc5ab65 | These signs are topped with a distinctive yellow beacon cap and walking person icon. These features makes the signs easy to spot within the urban environment and when viewed from a distance. Each monolith has two maps, a finder map which displays a 5-minute walking circle, and a planner map which displays a 15-minute walking circle. The maps illustrate significant landmarks in 3D, helping users identify the urban environment and also serving as 'mental navigational tools’. | 8 | 7SDG 8
| 4 | 1 | 0.6 |
10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199644315.001.0001 | 0032a7084ab889678001ab691549ad21 | 1. Introduction: The Structures of the Criminal Law 2. The Standard of the Reasonable Person in the Criminal Law 3. Resultant Luck and Criminal Liability 4. Criminalizing SM: Disavowing the Erotic, Instantiating Violence 5. Constitutionalism and the Limits of the Criminal Law 6. International Crime: in Context and in Contrast 7. Legal Form and Moral Judgment: Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide 8. Abnormal Law: Teratology as a Logic of Criminalization 9. Criminalization Tensions: Empirical Desert, Changing Norms, and Rape Reform 10. Preparation Offences, Security Interests, Political Freedom | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 0 | 6 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264289062-4-en | 0033a165843817c6af43ae9e802dd189 | In the last decade, and particularly since 2010, the number of discharges per capita has tended to decrease, and is now in line with the OECD average mentioned previously. For example, rural dwellers represent 43% of the population but only 32% of hospital attendances. In the absence of additional information, it not possible to determine whether or not this difference signals disparities in access for rural populations, and if so, whether the drivers are geographic, cultural or infrastructural. No data appear to be collected on access to care from the patient perspective, which would aid in understanding the nature of (and remedies for) barriers to access. Overall, it is not possible to determine with the available data whether patient income or socio-economic characteristics play a role in reaching the hospital gates or being admitted. Uneven access probably also stems from the inability of facilities across regions to provide the same services. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.14217/967bd43c-en | 0033dadef04b7adbdd14320547f92c95 | This paper examines the effects of child, early and forced marriages (CEFM) within the Commonwealth, with a specific focus on East Africa, and highlights how to best address the issue using international, regional, and national legal norms and judicial processes currently in place. The East African countries examined are Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania. The introduction is then followed by the background section which gives a historical overview of CEFM at the global level. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.1787/9789264097551-en | 0034e3f6a955d974cccb1565c7b1a0de | To respond to these new challenges PSV has been encouraged to develop strong links with business and enterprises, to cover remote areas and to cater for less affluent students. It analyses the impact of the dual sector universities in Australia, short cycle higher education in Scotland, three sub-sectors of Norway’s tertiary education and the emerging non-university higher education in Italy, as well as the vocational education and training in Spain. It discusses the issues of transition, participation and collaboration of different types ofpost-secondary education and analysis the impact of policy changes. | 4 | 3SDG 4
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.25123/VEJ.1421 | 0035ee6937246822abd7a7dabe936e17 | Abstract The negative effect of the decentralization policy implemented since 2001 is that corruption too become decentrali zed, especially in West Java . This article discusses : (1) patterns of corruption, (2) probable causes of corruption by government officials , and (3) proposed solution . To do just that, the author chose a s ocio legal research approach . Empirical data was collected through in depth interview . The main findings are: (1) C orruption in West Java mostly took the form of state budget misappropriation, (2) the major source of corruption is abuse of power, money politics and the tendency to misuse loopholes in rules and regulations. Law enforcement should therefore focus on betterment of regulation, organizational structure and legal culture of the officers. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 1 | 6 | 0.714286 |
10.1111/HEQU.12220 | 00371a95848abaedb24a864271e6beea | This paper problematises the concept of social mobility through an exploration of it in relation to Higher Education policy in England. Based upon a content analysis of a number of key policy documents from distinct eras, it identifies definitions and understandings of social mobility within them, exploring how such references have changed over time, and critiquing the differences between the imagined ideals of what policy rhetoric seeks to do and the reality of policy implementation. In particular, it considers the characterisation of social mobility as an individualised concern, it positions aspirations of improving social mobility within the market of Higher Education, and it ultimately asks whether Higher Education can solve the government's social mobility problem. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 3 | 3 | 0 |
10.1787/persp/glob/dev-2012-8-en | 0037695bd85443c7a051cd9f2bc02cea | At the same time, highly unequal countries, like South Africa and Brazil, have relatively stable proportions of the population that believe incomes should be made more equal. The shift in preferences towards redistribution in the BRICS shown in Figure 4.12 is in line with similar findings for OECD countries (OECD, forthcoming). Only in a few OECD countries has no change been found since the late 1980s. Of course, the view that “incomes should be made more (or less) equal” says little about the preferred method for achieving such a change. How these attitudes towards inequality translate into concrete government policy, such as tax and transfer schemes or public service provision, is an important part of the social contract in every country. | 10 | 9SDG 10
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.18356/cb17bdad-en | 003a771b49ec35167101c5842611cd35 | Thus,for example, the stigma attached to welfare recipients or the poor increases their disadvantage. Similarly, dignity and recognition wrongs can cause disadvantage.54 Undervaluing women’s work is a recognition wrong that directly causes socio-economic disadvantage, hence the right to equal pay for work of equal value is an important synthesis of the first two dimensions of the right to equality: redressing disadvantage and addressing stigma and stereotyping. This step has been taken by both the CESCR and the CEDAW Committee. Reporting Guidelines”, para 29, CESCR, Ecuador, op. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 0 | 5 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264264113-7-en | 004008a7bcfb140797184b0f00fd675a | In Bandung City, 44% of total revenue in 2016 is expected to come in the form of transfers from the national government. A common problem w'ith such automatic transfers is the way they are calculated. The General Allocation Fund is partly allocated based on the registered population in the local governments and does not take into account unregistered population, which is high in the City of Bandung. | 11 | 10SDG 11
| 1 | 5 | 0.666667 |
10.14217/7ef450ae-en | 0040db696ae17195b13c62cfda9f9a35 | Much of the true social, economic and environmental damage of the aftermath of disasters has been undocumented and more needs to be explored on the vulnerability of small and island states, where retreat from the threat is not an option and where those most at risk to the impact of the aftermath may be left unattended and at critical risk. This can amount to over 70 per cent of the total death toll. Some of this arises from the destruction of basic service infrastructure and the disruption of services, when staff, if they can get about, discover vital elements of services which may be damaged or destroyed beyond effective operational use and cannot be fixed. | 13 | 12SDG 13
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.1177/1866802X1500700102 | 004442925322b6f7a153b4dfe368ca05 | In long-standing democracies, the partisan attachments of most citizens are stable and not responsive to short-term political events. Recent studies from younger democracies, however, suggest that partisanship may be more malleable in these contexts. In this paper we develop hypotheses about how political corruption might affect voter attachment to the parties of corrupt officials or to the party system as a whole. Using data from an original survey experiment in Brazil, we show that prompts about political corruption shift patterns of partisan attachment for highly educated respondents – specifically, that corruption associated with one political party reduces nonpartisanship and significantly increases identification with other political parties. In contrast, we find that information on corruption has no consistent measurable effect on partisanship for less educated respondents. We conclude by discussing the implications of malleable partisanship for democratic accountability. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 1 | 6 | 0.714286 |
10.1787/9789264285637-7-en | 0044d13c9660479fe02307d649e95837 | It deals with educational outcomes for these groups and analyses the main programmes targeted at them. The chapter places particular emphasis on areas of priority for Chile such as effective ways to use extra resources for disadvantaged students, the monitoring of the learning outcomes of specific student groups, and reflecting Indigenous cultures in the Chilean education system. The chapter also reviews strategies for rural education and the provision and funding of special needs education. First, it describes educational outcomes for these groups of students. Second, it considers the main programmes targeted to specific groups and analyses their strengths and challenges. Finally, the chapter provides some specific policy recommendations. | 4 | 3SDG 4
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.18356/bf400991-en | 0046961c90122366deaaa735e0bcdd88 | The spatial structure and economic development of cities are the most prominent components of these national urban policies. When policymakers decide on important issues such as poverty reduction and economic development, then they classify the activities as either rural or urban. In many instances however, this distinction has been used to show differences between the two settlement patterns, and consistently has overlooked their interlinkages, complementarities and synergies.111' This has been against recorded historical development trends which have shown that, urban-rural linkages include important flows of people, natural resources, capital, goods, ecosystem services, information, technology, ideas and innovation. These are important drivers of economic activities and contribute significantly to overall poverty reduction in a region.*1"This illustrates interdependent, intertwined and complementary functional and productive settlement systems. Strong linkages among urban, rural, peri-urban and other settlements enhance sustainable development, because they channel resources to where they have the largest net economic and social benefits. | 11 | 10SDG 11
| 1 | 3 | 0.5 |
10.1787/9789264238701-3-en | 0047195205677a5bcce79b52e4bfcd51 | Groundwater has been discussed in the context of pricing and financing (OECD, 2009a and 2009b), energy (OECD, 2012b), risk management (OECD, 2013e), and broader perspectives covering climate change (OECD, 2013d and 2014a). Groundwater is also featured in the reviews of water reforms at the country level (e.g. Fuentes, 2011, OECD, 2013b). All these reports include sections, sub-sections, paragraphs, or illustrations that relate to groundwater, but they do not convey policy conclusions specifically geared towards the managers of specific types of groundwater, especially in the context of agriculture. First, a consistent observation is that groundwater is generally under-studied and there is a need for more in-depth assessment of groundwater stocks, use, and management practices. | 6 | 5SDG 6
| 0 | 4 | 1 |
10.1093/HRLR/NGAA005 | 0047c991ec89cd1775e84d80a3b819ca | This article seeks to examine and explain the interaction between the substantive and procedural aspects of criminal law protection of human rights in the law of the European Convention of Human Rights. Noting certain theoretical and conceptual lacunae that arise in this context, the article suggests the most appropriate solution for the assessment of the substantive-procedural relationship from the perspective of legal theory and the European Court of Human Rights' case-law. It submits, in particular, that it is always necessary to examine both aspects-substantive and procedural-of the same right and that the procedural aspect should be given primacy both in terms of the order of examination and inferences to be drawn on the question of observance of human rights by states. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 0 | 7 | 1 |
10.18356/9de3e7b5-en | 00481f7457e44697cbe4fbbf0bff4330 | The modern State was founded on a sharp separation between the public and private spheres and on a hierarchical gender order. Politicizing the private (in the twofold sense of making it an object of policy and conceiving it as a space of power and negotiation) is part of the equality agenda we are proposing here. This is an extreme expression of discrimination against women and of their lack of autonomy, not only physical autonomy, but also economic and decision-making autonomy. Violence against women cannot be analysed and tackled in isolation, but must be considered bound up with the economic, social and cultural inequality that operate in the power relations between men and women, which are in turn mirrored in inequality of resources in the private and public domains and are directly related to the unequal distribution of labour, especially unpaid domestic work. | 10 | 9SDG 10
| 1 | 4 | 0.6 |
10.1787/9789264268791-6-en | 004a7d2059eb0a8db0c6c0019f121db9 | Further, some documents cannot be approved without a public inquiry'. This is case for the SCoT, PLU/PLUI and SRADDET. Alternatively, a land use authority can also decide to organise more open and participatory forms of engagement to obtain some of the inhabitants and users’ opinions through such practices as citizen conferences, focus groups, opinion polls, public meetings and information leaflets. This latter path has the potential to achieve a consensus among a full set of stakeholders, but it is much harder to organise, and there is always the possibility that no mutually agreeable resolution will emerge. | 11 | 10SDG 11
| 2 | 3 | 0.2 |
10.18356/5022b3a0-en | 004c6621671e366a17fcdf481a1eff48 | Although the impacts of these imbalances are not fully apparent in the short run, they pose formidable challenges to the sustainability of development of the LDCs, particularly in the long run. The production system, especially in the agriculture sector, and the livelihoodsof alargemajorityof the people livingin rural and fragile areas are also adversely affected because of the increased frequency of droughts and other extreme weather events associated with climate change. Thus, as ensuring food security becomes increasingly important in these countries as the population grows, measures are needed to protect natural capital and address ecological imbalances. | 1 | 0SDG 1
| 3 | 6 | 0.333333 |
10.18356/6bf07ffd-en | 004cf7b0bbc8f0f761c488a7f15eb866 | Some of these interlinkages and synergies are fundamental to facets of building climate change resilience and reducing inequalities. The interlinkages between climate change and other dimensions of development are also well reflected in other Goals. If the frequency and intensity of climate hazards increase, it will be harder for countries to end poverty and hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, promote sustainable agriculture and ensure healthy lives (Goals 1-3). | 13 | 12SDG 13
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.18356/5d345c92-en | 004d6337ba90d278081c4b3d6f00a85f | Those in the informal sector are often hit hardest by external shocks, lacking effective social protection coverage, they rely on the flexibility of shifting between different, if low-paid, tasks. When adversity strikes they are more isolated, with less access to networks and relationships of support. They can also be disadvantaged when it comes to emergency relief. | 1 | 0SDG 1
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264168985-7-en | 004d7719d6c26c11427bb3e89535efab | Foster capacity-building at all levels of government. This implies combining investment in physical water and sanitation “hard” infrastructure with the provision of “soft’ infrastructure, which is essentially the institutions upon which water outcomes rely. The development of skills, technical expertise and knowledge and the availability of staff and time are preconditions for effective governance of water policy. | 6 | 5SDG 6
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264190320-16-en | 004df4e1e6a7122fe2876f4342e908d1 | At federal level, the National Water Commission (CONAGUA) is the main body in charge of water planning, financing and strategic setting, there is no overarching framework for the provision of water services which, according to the Constitution, is the responsibility of municipalities with varying levels of capacity and resources. The 1992 National Water Law has gradually transferred water resource responsibilities to 13 river basin organisations, which operate as CONAGUA implementing agencies. While some progress has been achieved in better managing interdependencies across stakeholders and creating an overarching framework for water resources management, much remains to be done to overcome the scattered regulatory framework for water services. Irrigation units typically operate without a legal identity and are not organised to voice their concerns. | 6 | 5SDG 6
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.1787/0ec26947-en | 0051671451890d531da9ff335c0db605 | Platforms rewarding, penalising or automating specific behaviours could be developed based on blockchain technology and, because of the required standardisation, would be highly interoperable. In conjunction with today’s discussions on restricting combustion engine vehicles in urban city centres, or implementing special tolls, the integration of sensor data (e.g. pollution measurement stations, virtual toll area screening, etc.) Each municipality could design an appropriate traffic control system and implement it as a real-time application on the blockchain layer. | 9 | 8SDG 9
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.18356/e9fa9dd4-en | 0051d8b43ace1372cb974ebefa2f74d6 | In terms of effective power generation (the actual yield with which the generating plants operate), in 2030 this would represent 5.3% of the electricity matrix, up from 2.9% in 2015 (see figure V33). Proyectos Estrategicos para Seguridad Energdtica Regional (PRESER)". Proyectos Estratdgicos para Seguridad Energdtica Regional (PRESER)'. | 7 | 6SDG 7
| 3 | 6 | 0.333333 |
10.18356/1c11fde8-en | 0051f5536b0904e2726e406fc32cc82f | Pursuant to the judgement, individuals licensed to possess and consume cannabis under the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations may now possess cannabis derivatives for their own personal use, in addition to or instead of dried cannabis herb. Also in June 2015, Health Canada announced amendments to the Narcotic Control Regulations and the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations to further strengthen public health and safety. The new measures respond to requests from medical licensing bodies for increased information on how doctors are authorizing cannabis use. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 1 | 5 | 0.666667 |
10.14217/967bd43c-en | 00550a0fe64ba38833102f529118d5be | Early marriage, also refers to marriages where both spouses are 18 years and over but certain factors make them unready to consent to marriage, for example their level of physical, emotional, sexual and psychosocial development, or lack of information regarding the person’s life options.10 Within the context of the law in East Africa, CEFM does not have a concrete definition. Most information gathered on CEFM places child marriages into two categories: those married before 15 years and those married before 18 years. This categorisation is of importance as it enables those researching CEFM to understand the trends in various countries. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 6 | 3 | 0.333333 |
10.18356/cc778895-en | 0055ba4cc458246f21d008e0363c2821 | This points to the possibility that the effects which reductions in inequality have in terms of decreases in poverty levels may be greater than the effects of increases in mean income levels. One possible explanation for this is that increases in income levels are transmitted to the poor segment of the population in the region in a disproportionate (or unequal) manner. These results are similar to those obtained by Franga (2010). This analysis is presented in the following sections. | 1 | 0SDG 1
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.5235/152888712801753004 | 00564d700bc1ef951f230fbf46ec0fb6 | Abstract Since the conferral of binding legal effect on the EU’s Charter of Fundamental Rights with the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, the Court of Justice has taken an active role in developing the Charter as the leading source of human rights rules in the EU legal order. While the Court has begun to clarify some important points relating to the Charter, a number of significant issues still need to be addressed. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 0 | 6 | 1 |
10.18356/13c3d6e4-en | 005736bd8184c2fd5e2eb208c09ec038 | However, they are of great importance for the management of grasslands and the conservation of biodiversity. Almost 17 per cent of grasslands on the Croatian territory depend on extensive farming using traditional breeds. Many of these species are used as food because of the quality of their meat, they are adjusted to the climate and surroundings, have stronger resistance, and are useful for habitat maintenance. | 15 | 14SDG 15
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.18356/5ef1a516-en | 0059520388019c9dc0c8dda76c00bd9e | In addition to rising sea levels and global temperatures, extreme weather events are becoming more common and natural habitats such as coral reefs are declining. These changes affect people everywhere, but disproportionately harm the poorest and the most vulnerable. Concerted action is urgently needed to stem climate change and strengthen resilience to pervasive and ever-increasing climate-related hazards. | 13 | 12SDG 13
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.1080/13527258.2014.940368 | 0059d75d3e185c9fb96a9a115819b98a | Over the past decade, intangible cultural heritage (hereafter, ICH), the significance which it possesses and the continuation of its myriad manifestations have reached unprecedented levels of recognition and attention on international and national policy agendas. Traditional Medicine (hereafter, TM) has long been included under the vast umbrella of ICH, yet there have been few attempts to explore that relationship. This paper examines the practical implications of applying the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage to TM, alongside the relationship of traditional medicine to the fields of human rights, public health and development. It considers, and reaches the conclusion that the cultural significance of traditional medicine combined with the fundamental principles of the Convention render the Convention significant in safeguarding traditional medicine for the future. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 1 | 7 | 0.75 |
10.18356/c544899f-en | 0059f134c141fe1981c25551eca038ac | In contrast, when electricity firms are controlled by investment funds, rather than forming part of transnational companies, there is less opportunity for operational synergies and knowledge transfers within the enterprise. If the presence of investment funds in the sector were to expand, it could produce a business model in which ownership of the assets (by the investment funds) is separated from their management ( in the hands of the electricity firms), in a system similar to that operated by some hotel groups. In that year, it purchased 38% of EDENOR, one of the leading energy distributors in Argentina. Later it increased its interests in this country with other transmission and generating companies. | 7 | 6SDG 7
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.2139/SSRN.921439 | 005c12288f61729e572d621453c46f41 | This paper analyzes the impact of bureaucratic decision costs on agency expertise. The analysis shows that the effect of the cost associated with adopting a new regulation (the enactment cost) on agency expertise depends on what the agency would do if it remains uninformed. If an uninformed agency would regulate, increasing enactment costs increases agency expertise, if an uninformed agency would retain the status quo, increasing enactment costs decreases agency expertise. These results may influence the behavior of an uninformed overseer, such as a court or legislature, that can manipulate the agency's enactment costs. Such an overseer must balance its interest in influencing agency policy preferences against its interest in increasing agency expertise. The paper explores the implications of these results for various topics in institutional design, including judicial and executive review of regulations, structure-and-process theories of congressional oversight, national security, criminal procedure, and constitutional law. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 2 | 4 | 0.333333 |
10.1787/9789264119536-12-en | 005c6847752feb6153011ac7df757fc4 | For most services, the actual consumption approach will be the most appropriate, if actual beneficiaries can be identified. In some cases an insurance value approach may be applicable or even preferable. Such an approach imputes the “insurance value” of coverage to each person based on specific characteristics (such as age, sex, socio-economic position). | 10 | 9SDG 10
| 2 | 8 | 0.6 |
10.1787/eco/surveys-che-2013-5-en | 0060bca9e7e186b86b4cf055d487ea36 | The implicit tax penalty for married women should also be removed, as the Federal Council is currently considering. More flexibility in working arrangements could further alleviate women’s cost of reconciling work and family life. For instance, facilitating flexi-time, annualised hours, job-sharing, part-time and telework options for both women and men, and creating paternity and/or consecutive, take-it-or-leave-it parental leave could facilitate transition in and out of the labour market. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264190658-11-en | 0061cd999bad3b4e42019b3fb995a958 | An appraisal process that only requires one meeting between school leaders and evaluators rather places emphasis on the question whether a result has been achieved or a skill has been demonstrated. Based on an extensive review of literature on school leader appraisal, Leon et al. ( A high frequency of meetings and school visits may increase the effectiveness of these tools to gain a better picture of a school leader’s performance and produce valid information (Pashiardis and Brauckman, 2008). However, the time and efforts required for the longer-term observation of school leaders also involves costs that need to be considered (Ginsberg and Berry, 1990). | 4 | 3SDG 4
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.1787/9789264279421-6-en | 0062160dc39a0a604227605439b17180 | There are many unqualified teachers in schools, as it is difficult to hire qualified teachers. One indication of the recognition of the important role of teachers in this context is Alberta’s inclusion of additional questions in the 2018 OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey pertaining to teachers’ and school leaders’ understanding of issues related to Indigenous cultures, history and working with Indigenous students, as well as on relevant professional development. The holistic approach of Indigenous peoples stresses how much these contribute to the overall well-being of children, as well as everyone else, in addition to factors such as material advantage and disadvantage. The trauma suffered by Indigenous peoples, including through the residential school system, is still acutely felt by many. Indeed, we were told that the symptoms of trauma may be increasing rather than diminishing with the passage of time, exacerbated through intergenerational relationships. Against this bigger picture, specific surveys of particular provinces and territories, and comparing Indigenous and non-Indigenous young people, can be better understood (Freeman, King and Pickett, 2016). | 4 | 3SDG 4
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.18356/55fea2f6-en | 0065aaa240be58d5a1502859fac85680 | In other words, factors that might make a child more prone to experiencing deprivation in a single domain might not make that child more liable to being cumulatively deprived and vice versa. Living in a less densely populated area, for example, has little impact on children’s risks of domain deprivation (with the exception of Germany) and even predicts a lower probability of deprivation in the environment domain. Nevertheless, a child living in an intermediate or thinly populated area in either France or the UK faces higher odds of experiencing cumulative deprivation. | 1 | 0SDG 1
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264235120-7-en | 0068e1e0c3989ac9674b955f559b5bdc | In Australia, where a broad definition of temporary employment also includes casual workers (Box 4.1), this type of work accounts for 85% (43%) of part-time (full-time) workers with a temporary employment contract. Some people work part-time because they wish to do so and would not take on full-time employment, while others do so because there is no full-time employment available. There are, however, large variations across countries. In Greece, Spain and Italy, over 60% of part-timers want to work more hours but could not find full-time jobs. For instance, there is a well-established negative relationship between the level of GDP and the self-employment rate (Acs et al., | 1 | 0SDG 1
| 5 | 4 | 0.111111 |
10.18356/4a593aa3-en | 0069d4b9a97524a8083b72f7145c2175 | Female genital mutilation is sometimes a precursor to child marriage as it is associated with a woman’s “coming of age”. Female genital mutilation may also result in a variety of reproductive health issues, including maternal and infant mortality and obstetric fistula. Pre-natal sex selection and sex selective abortions are forms of discrimination against women and are symptomatic of the devalued status of women in society. In addition, over the past 60 years, numerous provisions in international legal and policy frameworks have called for legal measures to address “harmful practices”. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.1590/S0034-89102007000300021 | 006c337cdc4ba0843b60ba8c76eb4d98 | Domestic violence reporting by health providers contributes to the epidemiological assessment of the magnitude of the problem, which allows the development of specific programs and actions. The aim of the study was to assess the level of responsibility of these providers towards reporting violence, especially domestic violence, and potential related legal and ethical implications. The Brazilian legislation and ethics code of Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing and Psychology were studied. Legal sanctions are found in the Criminal Law of Misdemeanor Offenses, the Child and Adolescent Statute, the Elderly Statute and in the law establishing mandatory reporting of violence against women. There are also penalties in all ethics codes reviewed. It is concluded that health providers have the legal duty of reporting known domestic violence cases and they can even be charged with omission. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 2 | 5 | 0.428571 |
10.18356/85159453-en | 006c441134a6707a79d6694bd37d4b91 | These include three mammal species categorized as CR on a regional scale: the Gobi bear (Ursus arctos gobiensis), Przewalski’s horse (Equus ferus spp. A further eight species were categorized as NT, including the grey wolf (Canis lupus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). Only the Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus) is Regionally Extinct (RE) in Mongolia. | 15 | 14SDG 15
| 1 | 7 | 0.75 |
10.1787/9789264229488-2-en | 006dd32ae56d42758b5967d3cb60e7a2 | While growth dynamics have lifted many people out of poverty, they have not eliminated poverty and exclusion, which continue to affect millions of people. Inclusive innovation has therefore become an imperative for countries’ socio-economic development, especially in emerging and developing economies. In 2010, an estimated 4.3 billion people - 62% of the world’s population - lived on less than USD 5 per day (World Bank, 2014a). | 9 | 8SDG 9
| 2 | 8 | 0.6 |
10.18356/fe43e5e4-en | 006e7a2ab30cfabe20a420d846a78aba | At the same meeting, the Forum held a multi-stakeholder dialogue among Member States, major groups and members of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests, moderated by Lambert Okrah (non-governmental organizations major group). Presentations were made by Joseph Cobbinah, (scientific and technological communities major group), Cecile Ndjebet, (women major group), Peter deMarsh, (farmers and small forest landowners major group), and Olivia Sanchez Badini, (children and youth major group). In the ensuing discussion with the presenters, comments were made and questions were posed by the representatives of Nigeria (on behalf of the African States), the United States of America, Switzerland, Malaysia, Sweden, Japan, Cameroon, Senegal, the Republic of Korea, Norway and Finland. | 15 | 14SDG 15
| 1 | 4 | 0.6 |
10.1787/5jln041vm6tg-en | 006fb4d454e72bb6871d53f71e841e99 | Specifically, realised capital gains, employees’ mandatory and voluntary pension contributions are treated in the same way in the IDD as they are in the national assessment made by the Danish government.12 As a result, these differences are theoretical and do not de facto impact the comparison between OECD and official Danish data. It remains unclear whether the Gini coefficient under full compliance with the OECD standards would be lower or higher since the inclusion of realised capital gains tends to increase inequality whereas inclusion of voluntary pension contributions (among current transfers paid) tends to decrease inequality (see above). A tax reform in 2009 restricted the tax deductibility of some pension contributions, which resulted in lower contributions. | 10 | 9SDG 10
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264233775-6-en | 00704743fa4f6f0708910f2aa61eaa36 | The programme relied on strategic integration of all relevant agencies involved in delivering mental health services for this group, and identifying children's needs in the school context. In addition to training teachers, this programme also consisted of social and emotional learning programmes. Parents and community' were also involved in the learning and social aspects of the initiative. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264281653-4-en | 0078213fc0005108502b27088b43cbf4 | Although a wide range of public health initiatives are in place, their impact is rarely evaluated. Furthermore, a recent WHO evaluation against essential public health functions found weaknesses mechanisms for perfonnance and accountability (particularly at sub-national level) and training of the public health workforce. A good example of this is the Comision de Enlace Salud, Industriay Comercio (COESAINCO, the Commission for liaison between health, industry and commerce), established in 2012. This brings together the Ministries of Health, Economics, External Trade and the Presidency, and a number of national trade and industry bodies (including those representing the pharmaceutical sector). | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.18356/1edabeca-en | 00793f64e9c2a144baee10ec94c862e3 | Only 14 LDCs have even limited oil-refining capacity, the output of which is overwhelmed by that of the other manufacturing sectors. Similarly, available national accounts and employment data typically group together energy-related utilities — electricity and gas — and water supply, with no further breakdown. In households where both women and men are engaged in wood collection, the gender distribution of time savings may also differ significantly from that of time allocation: even if women spend more time than men collecting wood, a greater share of the time savings may accrue to men. This should be achieved through both centralized and decentralized energy technologies and systems, combining the three general models of grid extension, mini-grid access and off-grid access (AGECC, 2010). | 7 | 6SDG 7
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.1787/9789264115118-7-en | 0079ecf3ee3fb853b9e4a245944d0d6b | The conclusion is that the evolution of the two components of the greenhouse gas intensity measure should be separately identifiable. The ratio itself could give an indication about the greening of production and about structural economic shifts, but not necessarily about the greening of growth. A decline in the emission intensity of production gives no indication of whether such a reduction has been achieved through genuine efficiency improvements or changes in the energy mix, or by substituting away from energy-intensive production through purchases of carbonintensive intermediate products abroad, among a number of other explanations. | 7 | 6SDG 7
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.18356/ecc83295-en | 007f06a3cc366285d2d1530065749c62 | Some countries have responded to shrinking populations with policies to attract migrants, especially younger people who can fill gaps in labour forces. By the 1970s, the fertility transition had occurred in Australia, Japan, and all highly developed countries in Europe and North America. Fertility in China fell sharply in the 1970s in response to policies to promote later and less frequent childbearing, and the introduction of the country’s 1979 family planning policy, which generally limited couples to one child. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 8 | 1 | 0.777778 |
10.5325/JAFRIRELI.4.2.0129 | 007f0e606972e8b21048729dcfdb8be2 | During the Second Sudanese Civil War, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army published a weekly newspaper entitled SPLA/SPLM Update . This article builds on previous scholarship about the role of Christianity in the Sudanese civil conflict by revealing how the SPLM/SPLA Update was an essential medium of the conflict and contributed to its framing in religious terms. The Update published content that constituted a martial theology pitting the SPLA against the National Islamic Front, the party of the Muslim Brothers under Hassan Turabi’s leadership. It interpreted events using biblical and ancient Israelite templates, placed circumstances in a narrative trajectory, and transformed political history into a spiritual chronicle. In so doing, it attracted readers beyond the geographic borders of Sudan, situating Christian Sudan in a contemporary global Sudanese diaspora while also reaching into the ancient past to locate the contemporary struggles of Sudanese Christians in an older story of divine chosenness. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 4 | 2 | 0.333333 |
10.18356/0476b8f9-en | 00807f106a220853aa9718a456be2814 | These are comprehensive and contemporary in their thinking and approaches, and align the country with international agreements and the EU approximation process. They set the country on the right path towards sustainable development. The challenge facing the Government now is to complete the high-priority strategic actions set forth and, in partnership with public enterprises, public institutions, the private sector, and the public, to apply the products of those actions in day-to-day administration. Its overall goal is to increase the contribution of the forestry sector to the national economy and rural development through sustainable forest management, reliance on renewable resources, protection of the local and global environment, and the delivery of products and services for improving the quality of life of all citizens. | 15 | 14SDG 15
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.18356/ae0cc9f4-en | 0080ad04a4a0b0f049501ee964bf1517 | Independent assessments and reviews of terms and projects, and bestowing contracts based on quality and expertise rather than lowest cost, can go a long way. Significantly, these arrangements rest on distinctive individual circumstances, with some projects easier to finance and implement, and less politically and socially challenging, than others. It has transformed the physical mobility needs of numerous SMEs to interact with their customers. It offers new ways for businesses to connect across the supply chain, from the manner in which they communicate and interact to the strategies they deploy to move goods and services around the world. | 9 | 8SDG 9
| 0 | 4 | 1 |
10.2139/SSRN.2991883 | 0080c43da7e11e779be409de875f1d8f | This Essay, written for a conference on “Faith, Sexuality, and the Meaning of Freedom,” held at Yale Law School in January 2017, criticizes efforts to resolve the conflict between antidiscrimination and religious freedom claims by ascriptions of hatred or animus or by overly simplistic analogies to the Civil Rights movement and its accomplishments. Although pervasive, such rhetoric damages civil discourse and fails to achieve just or stable resolutions. If there is any possibility of achieving acceptable resolutions, the Essay suggests, our discussions will need to be both more pragmatic and more visionary than these modes of argument are. | 16 | 15SDG 16
| 3 | 3 | 0 |
10.1787/9789264196155-6-en | 008274bd1e14f9d51c809840acbd2b1f | Housing and land expropriations have become a major issue and remain highly controversial. Infrastructure and factories are being constructed to attract more investors, causing a rise in the number of displaced tenants. By 2011, there were already 700 000 formal complaints, according to National Assembly data, mostly over compensation issues, and it is expected that a large number of lease agreements will soon expire creating uncertainty for millions of tenants. | 10 | 9SDG 10
| 8 | 1 | 0.777778 |
10.18356/e3c062fb-en | 00846c887bf9f4c8006e2b13ed12bcb8 | Of mammals, four species are extinct at the national level and five species are critically endangered (lynx, leopard, striped hyena, red deer and wild goat). Of the two species of tur - West Caucasian tur {Capra caucasica) and East Caucasian tur (Capra cylindricomis) - the West Caucasian tur has the smallest population size and is found in only a few areas of Georgia. Among ungulates, the rarest species is the wild goat (Capra aegagrus), found only in Tusheti Protected Areas with an estimated population size of 210. | 15 | 14SDG 15
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.1787/0ec26947-en | 00858b3185c1955e725cfa1ec721cd89 | Monetary incentives (or fines) can be transferred directly between wallets held by the (shared) mobility assets, its owners or users. Selling the surplus power increases efficiency and resilience of the power plant portfolio, and provides an incentive for the private sector to invest in renewable power plants. Local grid operators and integrated utilities may benefit from more efficient grid operation and decreasing demand for traditional generation assets and power transport infrastructure. However, the shift to a decentralised grid also represents tremendous disruption to traditional power and utility business models (as well as to power grids themselves which were designed to distribute power from generation to consumer, not from consumer to consumer) and requires increased awareness and knowledge on the part of consumers (Steinberger et al., | 9 | 8SDG 9
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.18356/cf6cb95e-en | 00864801b442bb957360e47bfe0575d9 | More males than females suffer and die from diarrhoea in every region except South-East Asia. Absence or inadequate provision of public toilets for women reflects - and reinforces - women's exclusion from public power and public spaces more generally. Yet many millions of people in the world lack even the most rudimentary means of obtaining safe water, while billions do not have sanitation facilities that are protected from outside contamination (UN 2015, UN 2014, UN-Women 2014, WHO and UNICEF 2014). Water and sanitation access, demand, provision, priority, health, organization and policy are gendered, even if this is manifested in different ways in different places. The gendered dimensions of the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector are increasingly reflected in public policy agendas, but concrete results have been partial and uneven. Water was generally thought of as a physical resource whose provision was determined, for the most part, by the hydrological cycle and physical infrastructure. | 6 | 5SDG 6
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.14217/9781848591646-15-en | 00866ed06339fbe351d2fb3157ce5042 | Drawing on the sub-set of AfT data within the CRS, the OECD data show that - for all donors and for all developing countries - flows classified under TRA (the final and barely visible column on the right) are negligible compared with the other three categories, particularly those destined for ‘building productive capacity’ or ‘economic infrastructure’. As shown in Table 13.1, the negligible share of measured TRA in relation to total AfT flows is present across all major country classifications, irrespective of the year chosen in the CRS database. For 2009, TRA flows do not equal more than 0.38 per cent of the value of total AfT flows when countries are disaggregated by geographic area, income group or status as an SVE. | 10 | 9SDG 10
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.1787/5js65xn790nv-en | 0086fbc04a08e9d44b3f2742da11a0b1 | So the implications of moving to neutral policies (free trade) will vary within and between food exporters and food importers. This approach subsumes the combined effects of policies and transaction costs in impeding price transmission. Data from the FAO Global Information and Early Warning System show that recent food price increases have had heterogeneous impacts (Sharma, 2012). | 2 | 1SDG 2
| 1 | 8 | 0.777778 |
10.1787/9789264191761-en | 008b666a44090f46a9415899d4159cf3 | The company receives state budgetary funds and also uses own and borrowed funds to purchase machinery and equipment, predominantly from foreign manufacturers. Among the key suppliers are the leading agricultural machinery manufacturers from Canada, Germany, Russia, Ukraine, and the United States. Since the mid-2000s, the KAF also provides machinery and equipment leasing to agro-food processors. | 2 | 1SDG 2
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.18356/39291afb-en | 008baba8edac85b8a4a4b2423b2f4f68 | According to ECLAC estimates, between 2002 and 2014 poverty and extreme poverty both fell considerably in the region: the poverty rate from 44.5% to 27.8%, and the extreme poverty rate from 11.2% to 7.8%, with the steepest fall occurring in the first half of that period. However, in 2015 and again in 2016 both rates rose, representing a setback that was especially severe in the case of extreme poverty. In turn, the extreme poverty rate will likely remain at the same level as in 2017, which would push up the numbers living in this situation by around 1 million. A range of procedures and assumptions are adopted for these measurements, which gives them the specificity necessary for use in the national context, but limits their comparability between countries. | 1 | 0SDG 1
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.18356/2dd5352f-en | 00902a7dd73c7d02b42334129903a8ff | Health of Indigenous Circumpolar Populations. Annual Review of Anthropology, vol. Emergence of obesity in indigenous Siberians. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, vol. Rapid changes in cardiovascular risk factors associated with economic development and lifestyle change in an indigenous circumpolar population from Siberia. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 2 | 7 | 0.555556 |
10.18356/b8259a41-en | 0093194155c7ecca7fa0548968d0f6cd | Washington D.C.: National Academic Press. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Equity of access to and utilization of reproductive health services in Thailand: national Reproductive survey data. Reproductive Health Matters, vol. Family planning policies and programmes in eight low-income countries: a comparative policy analysis. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 3 | 6 | 0.333333 |
10.1787/9789264225817-8-en | 009408d19e771891fcce817c7c7316db | Following their concerns that physicians across the Japanese health system were not able to identify signs of psychological distress which could help reduce suicide, the Japanese Medical Association reports that they began sharing information and guidance on depression with all doctors, first in 2004 and then again in 2009. At present, only indicators on the rate of seclusion and restraint, and involuntary admission, are collected by providers and at a Prefectural level. Systematically collected information on the mental health care system is limited to structural indicators - facilities, staff numbers, bed numbers. | 3 | 2SDG 3
| 0 | 3 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264083660-7-en | 009465564e2d4906477ee1ed8595c417 | In India, the approach of the Total Sanitation Campaign (a nationwide programme to boost sanitation coverage, particularly in rural areas) was revised in 2004 to make the payment of the subsidy to below-poverty line (BPL) households dependent on the entire village reaching Open Defecation Free (ODF) status.14 OBA mechanisms have also been considered by bilateral donors, such as the AFD in Morocco and South Africa,15 but they are yet to apply those principles on a significant scale. This mechanism works as follows: a fixed subsidy amount is paid to a private operator for each new water connection installed in a poor neighbourhood. A significant risk with such approach, however, is that the newly connected users might not receive adequate service from the operator after the connection has been installed. To enhance the sustainability of the schemes, a portion of the output-based payment can be withheld until several months of service delivery have been made. | 6 | 5SDG 6
| 3 | 6 | 0.333333 |
10.1787/9789264235151-4-en | 00947eebf4adfdf81ec3c6109fffb6dc | However, even by 2012, the income of urban residents was still on average double that of rural residents. The gap tends to decline, but remains large. This decline in rural poverty rates from 21% in 2004 to 13% in 2013 reflects Viet Nam’s success in increasing agricultural productivity for many farm commodities and in diversifying sources of rural incomes. The proportion of undernourished in the total population fell from 46% in 1990-92 to 13% in 2012-14. | 2 | 1SDG 2
| 1 | 4 | 0.6 |
11.1002/pub/80ec8c3c-4184cda6-en | 0094b34ad45bab3ef40a942e6d634580 | Because the broadcast channel is unidirectional, all the interactive and non-interactive TV content has to be delivered together simultaneously. A receiver selects the required elements from the delivered data according to the end-users’ instruction for presentation. Content elements that can be delivered are sometimes limited by the available broadcast transmission bandwidth. | 9 | 8SDG 9
| 5 | 4 | 0.111111 |
10.1787/9789264268791-7-en | 0097c0f798f0b5c53e2efe8fe99f7b18 | The benefits of this are: reduced infrastructure costs, the potential for less car use for commuting if people live near where they w'ork and preserving land for agriculture and nature. To maintain support for the plan’s objectives, the two core communes may have to compensate these losing communes, w'hich of course reduces the benefits of the strategy. Moreover, the spatial strategy seems to assume that new employers will be w illing to settle for a higher cost and more complex to develop browmfield sites in Nantes or Saint-Nazaire over greenfield sites in a rural commune. | 11 | 10SDG 11
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.1787/9789264281318-18-en | 009884c9b9157d1d54f2194426ce3c87 | On average, women do the greatest share of unremunerated housework and childcare in Korea, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, Turkey and Italy, where women undertake more than three-quarters of all unpaid work. Women in Turkey and Mexico spend the most time per day on unpaid work, in absolute values, at over six hours per day on average, compared with under two hours for men (OECD Gender Data Portal). The gaps are typically even larger in developing countries (OECD, 2014a), where inadequate access to time-saving infrastructure (e.g., water piped into the home) and technology (e.g., washing machines) increases the total time required for unpaid work. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 0 | 9 | 1 |
10.18356/2e1a4924-en | 009d4feda6cf5914a742c1caa1c7cea3 | Otherwise, across the rest of the formal-sector quantiles, there are no statistically significant motherhood wage penalty effects in either of the two time periods. As in the ols results, the penalty is greater in the preshock period. The differences in the coefficients before and after the shock are not significant, but a larger gap prior to the crisis could reflect general downward pressure on wages affecting the formal sector during this period. | 5 | 4SDG 5
| 1 | 3 | 0.5 |