Claim: According to Einstein notation, when an index variable appears twice in a single term and is not otherwise defined, it implies summation of that term over all the values of the index; also, the not all upper indices are not exponents but are indices of coordinates.
Evidence: According to this convention, when an index variable appears twice in a single term and is not otherwise defined (see free and bound variables), it implies summation of that term over all the values of the index. The upper indices are not exponents but are indices of coordinates, coefficients or basis vectors.