Claim: Edible mushroom has over 40 species and are cultivated in at least 60 countries, including China.
Evidence: Mushroom cultivation has a long history, with over twenty species commercially cultivated. Some species are difficult to cultivate; others (particularly mycorrhizal species) have not yet been successfully cultivated. The following species are commonly harvested from the wild: Boletus edulis or edible Boletus, native to Europe, known in Italian as fungo porcino (plural 'porcini') (pig mushroom), in German as Steinpilz (stone mushroom), in Russian as Russian: Белый гриб, tr. Bely grib (white mushroom), in Albanian as (wolf mushroom), in French as the cèpe and in the UK as the penny bun. It is also known as the king bolete, and is renowned for its delicious flavor. It is sought after worldwide, and can be found in a variety of culinary dishes. Calbovista subsculpta commonly known as the sculptured giant puffball is a common puffball of the Rocky Mountains and Pacific Coast ranges of western North America. The puffball is more or less round with a diameter of up to 15 cm (6 in), white becoming brownish in age, and covered with shallow pyramid-shaped plates or scales. It fruits singly or in groups along roads and in open woods at high elevations, from summer to autumn. It is considered a choice edible species while its interior flesh (the gleba) is still firm and white. As the puffball matures, its insides become dark brown and powdery from mature spores. Calvatia gigantea the giant puffball. Giant puffballs are considered a choice edible species and are commonly found in meadows, fields, and deciduous forests usually in late summer and autumn. It is found in temperate areas throughout the world. They can reach diameters up to 150 cm (60 in) and weights of 20 kg (45 lb). The inside of mature Giant puffballs is greenish brown, whereas the interior of immature puffballs is white. The large white mushrooms are edible when young. Cantharellus cibarius (the chanterelle), The yellow chanterelle is one of the best and most easily recognizable mushrooms, and can be found in Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. There are poisonous mushrooms which resemble it, though these can be confidently distinguished if one is familiar with the chanterelle's identifying features. Craterellus tubaeformis, the tube chanterelle, yellowfoot chanterelle or yellow-leg Clitocybe nuda, blewit (or blewitt) Cortinarius caperatus, the Gypsy mushroom Craterellus cornucopioides, Trompette de la mort (trumpet of death) or horn of plenty Grifola frondosa, known in Japan as maitake (also "hen of the woods" or "sheep's head"), a large, hearty mushroom commonly found on or near stumps and bases of oak trees, and believed to have Macrolepiota procera properties. Gyromitra esculenta (the false morel) is prized by the Finns. This mushroom is deadly poisonous if eaten raw, but highly regarded when parboiled (see below). Hericium erinaceus, a tooth fungus; also called "lion's mane mushroom" Hydnum repandum, sweet tooth fungus, hedgehog mushroom or hedgehog fungus, urchin of the woods Lactarius deliciosus, saffron milk cap, consumed around the world and prized in Russia Morchella species, (morel family) morels belong to the ascomycete grouping of fungi. They are usually found in open scrub, woodland or open ground in late spring. When collecting this fungus, care must be taken to distinguish it from the poisonous false morels, including Gyromitra esculenta. The morel must be cooked before eating. Morchella conica var. deliciosa Morchella esculenta var. rotunda Pleurotus species are sometimes commercially harvested despite ease of cultivation. Tricholoma matsutake, the matsutake, a mushroom highly prized in Japanese cuisine. Tuber, species, (the truffle), Truffles have long eluded the modern techniques of domestication known as trufficulture. Although the field of trufficulture has greatly expanded since its inception in 1808, several species still remain uncultivated. Domesticated truffles include Tuber aestivum, black summer truffle Tuber borchii Tuber brumale Tuber indicum, Chinese black truffle Tuber macrosporum, smooth black truffle Tuber mesentericum, the Bagnoli truffle Mushrooms are cultivated in at least 60 countries with China, the United States, Poland, Netherlands, and India being the top five producers in 2013.