Datasets:

DKYoon

/

slimpajama-200k

like 1

Y.C. Nanda: What more is required to be done and could we have done more? We feel the NPAs have gone up because the end of the SGSY program isapproaching and there seems to be a temporary lapse in the amount of credit being pushed out. The agent model might improve access but if one actually wants to bring effectiveness, the members need to be involved to establish demand-pull. With SHGs there is a certain amount of trust in the institution. We've tried our best to build a suitable livelihoods framework. Conventionally, because SHGS involve women, there is a belief that there are only traditional activities that can take place. BUT they have tremendous organizational skills, which can be tapped – such as even providing government services. We need to strengthen financial inclusion, building capacity etc. needs to be done. What are the internal demographic processes being followed by the groups? Do the members have a plan for using the finances they access from the banks? SHGs are a forum for the women to link with each other and the bank. Bank linkages are just one of the plethora of things they can link to. What kind of linkages do institutions of the poor require? We must remember that SHG Bank Linkage is not a rural phenomenon. In AP alone, we have 300,000 SHGs that are linked to banks. Now the GOI has announced the NULM (National urban livelihoods mission). There is increasing default in areas where SGSY was operating. Do we also only want government to promote SHGs? Increasingly, the govt. is the only organization doing SHPI activities. This is dangerous because it makes the SHGs a supply channel, instead of being dependent on demand for services. I agree with Narendra's point on quality. The continuity of the agency that made the SHG is important. It is necessary to have certain specially dedicated SHG bank staff and there needs to be a movement towards maintaining continuity once the credit link is established. My derived understanding from the experiences of others is – I see a commonality between different types of SHGs as they have evolved. I am of the view that the SBLP, which was based on the role of the SHG as a financial intermediary, that role has been diminished over the years. Whether it's an NGO promoter, thereafter promoting an in house NBFC, whether it be federated structures, in all cases the SHG finds itself being squeezed, due to dependence relationship with the promoting agency. The new middlemen which were the NGOs are dying out, and if we take their example, the NGOs which have in-house MFIs lend to SHGS at a much higher rate than the SBLP. So which SHGs are we talking about? The ones getting loans at 1%, 0% or 26%?? So SHGs have very different roles depending on the SHPI. Linked to this is the question of empowerment. That is something I also have a different view-point on. What is viewed as positive by my peers is seen by others, especially the more gender aware of us, as a move by the state to impose gender roles. Instead of herding women into SHGs, there should be individual accounts for the women instead of forcing them to take uncommon types of loans rather than the ones available to everyone else in the country. What are we doing with SHG members when it comes to Financial inclusion? Are they being made to open basic savings accounts? We go on loading programs on the SHG model. Social investment is not being done and quality is not being maintained as we are simply chasing numbers. Right now, the financial inclusion case is that neither MFIs not SHGs contribute to direct benefit transfers (DBTs). Maybe in 5-10 years when we are really talking about real financial inclusion – maybe that will facilitate them. Right now, the focus is on DBTs and if you do not fall into DBT, you are out of the picture. Twenty years ago there were the same branches for SHPIs and now they're the same but they have been given additional tasks like NREGA payments etc. without giving them additional manpower. Suran, do you think SHG2 is achieving what you were expecting from the model? Some of the issues which have surfaced over the last 20 years, like banks not understanding that this is a client development program, continue to happen. Many programs like NREGS have triggered the possibility of SHGs increasing savings. We decided to bring voluntary savings beyond being compulsory. Quite a few people could save much higher. The beauty of dealing with the poor is recognizing the heterogeneity of everyone's abilities to save etc. Initially, there was the attitude of giving one vanilla product – a term loan. All SHG members do not move in the same fashion. Their desire to invest is varied. So there could be a possibility of a JLG WITHIN an SHG. So without breaking the SHG, they could take an increased loan. 25% growth has happened in SHGs. Same is the case with savings. I'm not saying this is due to voluntary savings in the SHG2 model. This might be due to the ability of the agents to tell SHGs to increase savings in the corpus or in individual accounts. The idea was to stop pushing them into debt and now SHGs are looking at increasing their minimum savings, which is pegged by the lowest denominator/member who can contribute the least. Majority of banks have switched to cash-credit which lowers interest liability, registration etc. we believe to a certain extent we have made the model more client centric. Y.C. Nanda - As a supervisor of the SHG system , why is it that credit is larger than savings? B.S. Suran – 44 lakh SHGs are availing credit whereas 75 lakh are doing savings. Y.C. Nanda – How do you see SHGs contributing to livelihoods and are they doing something for gender empowerment – what more is required? Does PRADAN have suggestion for NABARD? As I said earlier, one needs to work with groups on a long-term basis. Groups require some sort of hand holding. Limiting the SHGS to SBLP is a sub-optimal use of the group. These groups are concerned about multiple issues in their life and not just credit. If the poor are not mobilized properly and are not strong – they cannot become a passive credit bearer for the state. Groups should emerge as local political entities that demand rights, fulfillment of govt. guarantees and then credit becomes a component only in the larger structure. Each SHG becomes a project in that case. This is an entirely different attitude we expect from the bank – if the group can provide a structured plan – how does the credit institution converge into the larger picture? This needs handholding for the credit institutions as well! Questions I have received are, have SHGs lost their sheen due to FI? And does that mean NRLM investment is a waste? Answer – with SHG2s we are changing the attitude. If the groups can open individual + group accounts then an interaction can happen. If there is a deliberate strategy then maybe something can take place. The beauty of the model is that it can fail and take off in different places. The second question is, what is the life cycle of a group? We have to agree that there are issues in the system. The main problem is that we DON'T HAVE THE DATA. We are unable to understand how many groups are defunct or discontinued so we don't know the mortality rate of the group. Over the next year – we want atleast 500 blocks which should be NGO SHPI formed SHGs. The way to go for NRLM is to have at least 5-10 NGO partners

coronary arterial blood flow velocity, accuracy of the two phase contrast methods was evaluated using a phantom. The results obtained with both methods largely agreed with the values obtained using the phantom. Using both methods, the patterns of coronary arterial blood flow over one cardiac cycle were essentially identical. A peak was noted in late systole or in early diastole in the right coronary artery, whereas in the left coronary artery, a peak was noted somewhat later in diastole. In healthy volunteers, no significant difference in the maximal flow velocity in the coronary arteries was found from one age group to another. Among patients with coronary arterial stenosis, coronary arterial blood flow velocity central to the area of stenosis was lower than that observed in the healthy volunteers. Coronary arterial blood flow velocity was observed to decrease after administration of isosorbide dinitrate and increased following administration of nifedipine. (author) Radionuclide study on hepatic blood flow in Schistosomiasis Japonica Okada, Junichi; Uchiyama, Guio; Hayakawa, Kazushige; Hayashi, Sanshin; Araki, Tsutomu; Arai, Takao; Iuchi, Masahiko Schistosomiasis Japonica is a regional disease found in elderly people who were living in once-endemic areas in Japan. Yamanashi was one of these areas until 1970, since when no newly infected patients were reported. The disease is characteristic of developing irreversible interstitial fibrosis of the liver, where parasites migrate and lay eggs. Portal hypertension, esophageal varices and hepatocellular carcinomas are the common features of the results. In order to estimate patient's hepatic blood flow, radionuclide angiography of the liver with the use of 10 - 15 millicuries of Tc-99m phytate were performed prior to the conventional multiview imaging. Twenty-two patients with schistosomiasis and twelve adults without evidence of liver disease were studied. A time-activity curve of the right lobe of the liver was generated by a computer, and the ratio of arterial blood flow to portal blood flow was calculated. As a result, a good correlation was found between the arterial to portal blood flow ratio and the grade of hepatic fibrosis verified by laparoscopic biopsy. The development of esophageal varices were likely to correlate well with the blood flow ratio rather than scores on the conventional static liver and spleen scintigram. The study was useful for evaluating patient's clinical stages and prognosis. Sex differences of human cortical blood flow and energy metabolism. Aanerud, Joel; Borghammer, Per; Rodell, Anders; Jónsdottir, Kristjana Y; Gjedde, Albert Brain energy metabolism is held to reflect energy demanding processes in neuropil related to the density and activity of synapses. There is recent evidence that men have higher density of synapses in temporal cortex than women. One consequence of these differences would be different rates of cortical energy turnover and blood flow in men and women. To test the hypotheses that rates of oxygen consumption (CMRO 2 ) and cerebral blood flow are higher in men than in women in regions of cerebral cortex, and that the differences persist with aging, we used positron emission tomography to determine cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen as functions of age in healthy volunteers of both sexes. Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen did not change with age for either sex and there were no differences of mean values of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen between men and women in cerebral cortex. Women had significant decreases of cerebral blood flow as function of age in frontal and parietal lobes. Young women had significantly higher cerebral blood flow than men in frontal and temporal lobes, but these differences had disappeared at age 65. The absent sex difference of cerebral energy turnover suggests that the known differences of synaptic density between the sexes are counteracted by opposite differences of individual synaptic activity. Okada, Junichi; Uchiyama, Guio; Hayakawa, Kazushige; Hayashi, Sanshin; Araki, Tsutomu; Arai, Takao; Iuchi, Masahiko. Schistosomiasis Japonica is a regional disease found in elderly people who were living in once-endemic areas in Japan. Yamanashi was one of these areas until 1970, since when no newly infected patients were reported. The disease is characteristic of developing irreversible interstitial fibrosis of the liver, where parasites migrate and lay eggs. Portal hypertension, esophageal varices and hepatocellular carcinomas are the common features of the results. In order to estimate patient's hepatic blood flow, radionuclide angiography of the liver with the use of 10 - 15 millicuries of Tc-99m phytate were performed prior to the conventional multiview imaging. Twenty-two patients with schistosomiasis and twelve adults without evidence of liver disease were studied. A time-activity curve of the right lobe of the liver was generated by a computer, and the ratio of arterial blood flow to portal blood flow was calculated. As a result, a good correlation was found between the arterial to portal blood flow ratio and the grade of hepatic fibrosis verified by laparoscopic biopsy. The development of esophageal varices were likely to correlate well with the blood flow ratio rather than scores on the conventional static liver and spleen scintigram. The study was useful for evaluating patient's clinical stages and prognosis. (author) Impact of extracorporeal blood flow rate on blood pressure, pulse rate and cardiac output during haemodialysis Schytz, Philip Andreas; Mace, Maria Lerche; Soja, Anne Merete Boas BACKGROUND: If blood pressure (BP) falls during haemodialysis (HD) [intradialytic hypotension (IDH)] a common clinical practice is to reduce the extracorporeal blood flow rate (EBFR). Consequently the efficacy of the HD (Kt/V) is reduced. However, only very limited knowledge on the effect... Dynamics of blood flow: twenty years of achievement Rosendorff, C. The physiology of blood circulation has evolved from the descriptive phenomenology of William Harvey's time to an interdisciplinary science, involving elements of fluid dynamics, vessel wall mechanics, electrophysiology, cell biology, biochemistry and molecular biology. Most of these new developments have occured during the lifetime of the South African Medical Research Council. Highlights of the research undertaken by the Council regarding circulatory physiology are given. In the 1960s the use of xenon-133 to study the flow of blood to the brain resulted in the first systematic description of cerebral blood flow and its control by sympathetic nerves. During the 1970s this technique was refined and the use of radioactive microspheres for the measurement of tissue blood flow was developed. Research concerning the control of blood vessels in the kidney was also carried out, and this showed that the sympathetic nerves control renal blood flow by releasing a local hormone called renin. The renal release of renin was later recognised as being important in the control of blood pressure. Another development was the discovery that vascular sensitivity to noradrenaline was increased in certain types of liver diseases. An analysis of the blood of patients with obstructive jaundice showed that the substance responsible for this noradrenaline effect was a combination of cholesterol and lipo-protein. This led to the theory that excessive cholesterol in the blood may be dangerous. In the late 1970s a shift in research emphasis to coronary artery physiology occurred and the 1980s saw research move into the area of cell biology Quantification of cerebral blood flow via Duplex sonography Vogl, G.; Pohl, P.; Willeit, J.; Aichner, F. An attempt was made to measure quantitatively the total cerebral blood flow by means of Duplex sonography. In a group of healthy young subjects a median value for total cerebral blood flow was obtained amounting to 469 ml/min ± 30%, repeat measurements yielded a maximum deviation of ± 11%. In three patients the values obtained after severe apoplectic insult due to occlusion of the internal carotid artery were definitely below the value of the group of healthy subjects, whereas the value for the total blood flow was in the upper range of normal values in a patient with occlusion of the a. cerebri media. Comparative measurements of the regional cerebral blood flow with xenon 13 yielded in those patients

Breven's Sports Blog: SDSU Baseball, Basketball & Track June 12, 2019 Rica Perez SDSU Aztecs prove to be at the top of their game by winning major accolades and securing MLB draft picks. Soon enough, the basketball teams will face off opponents in the MWC. Track & Field ends the year at Outdoor Champs with medals and honors. What a year it has been for senior pole vaulter Bonnie Draxler. Back in March, the senior finished with a silver medal in the NCAA Indoor Championships. This time in the Outdoor Championships, she would do the same. Last Thursday, Draxler would continue her run of making the podium for the field event by placing second. She cleared a height of 14-09.50 (4.51m) and finished as the NCAA runner-up. In addition to Bonnie Draxler, the SDSU 4×400 meter team raced for a chance at gold. The team would come up short with a time of 3:33.64, which was good for 11th best. The 4x400m relay team consisted of sophomore Sakura Robinson, senior Lise-Anne Barrow, sophomore Jalyn Harris, and freshman Nyjari McNeil. As a result of this young team, the future is bright for SDSU Track and Field, especially in the 4x400m. Over the weekend, history was made when all five athletes earned All-American honors, according to the United States Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association (USTFCCCA) on Sunday. Draxler was named to the first team and the 4x400m relay team was selected to the second team. This was not Draxler's first go-around as an All-American. In four years as an Aztec, she became a four-time All-American, which includes becoming a two-time first-team All-American (2019 Indoor and Outdoor Championships), a second-team All American at the 2018 Indoor Championships, and was an honorable mention in the 2017 outdoor season. 4 Aztecs drafted into MLB The month of June marks a new beginning for baseball players to start their professional career. Every Major League Baseball Draft is composed of 40 rounds and this year, 1,217 players were selected; however, not all will decide to play pro ball. One reason is due to the college the person has already committed to. In the 2019 Major League Baseball Draft, four players from San Diego State were selected. RHP Logan Boyer – 11th round, Los Angeles Dodgers OF Julian Escobedo – 17th round, Cleveland Indians RHP Adrian Mardueno – 20th round, St. Louis Cardinals SS Angelo Armenta – 38th round, Tampa Bay Rays With these four players getting drafted, the SDSU Baseball Program now has 219 MLB draft picks and 21 since 2014. From the Mountain West, only Fresno had a higher number of draft picks from their program, recording eight. MWC unveils conference opponents and schedule On June 6, the Mountain West Conference released the 2019-20 conference schedule for both men's and women's hoops, but unlike years past, there are some things that will change and some things that will stay the same. In the past, Conference games started a week before New Year's Day. This year, it starts almost a month before the new year. What will stay the same are the number of opponents a team will face. The Mountain West will stick to its normal 18-game conference schedule, but conference play begins as early as December 4. The Aztecs' conference opener is set for Dec. 4 against Colorado State in Fort Collins, Colo. and their first home game is Sunday, Dec. 8 against San Jose State. The two early conference games is because the 2020 MWC Tournament is a week before and there is a convention the usual week the tournament would be held, according to a tweet from the Mountain West Wire (@MWCwire). After the conference games, the Mountain West takes a break for teams to play non-conference opponents and face finals. Conference play resumes New Year's Day with the Aztecs staying home to face Fresno State. Conference play will last until Feb. 29 when the Aztecs head to a familiar spot to end the season: Reno, Nev. to face the Wolfpack for a third consecutive year. The MW Tournament will have the same format, but will begin March 4 and will go until the seventh. There are pros and cons to moving the Conference schedule up two weeks. Pro: by moving the conference schedule up two weeks the team(s) that makes the NCAA Tournament have two weeks to get ready rather than four days (or two days if in the first round play-in game). Con: The Aztecs always ride the fans' jubilant energy (particularly from the students; The Show), especially for conference games. As a result of the change and most students going home for winter break, the Aztecs will have to get fired up some other way for three games at Viejas Arena until the 2020 spring semester classes begins on Jan. 22. However, what makes it a con are the three teams the Aztecs are facing: Jan. 1 vs. Fresno St., Jan. 11 vs. Boise St., and Jan. 18 vs. Nevada. Here's the schedule for Men's and Women's Basketball for SDSU: Date Men's Schedule Women's Schedule Dec. 4 @ Colorado State Vs. Colorado State Dec. 7 Vs. San Jose State (Dec. 8) @ San Jose State Jan. 1 Vs. Fresno State @ Fresno State Jan. 4 @ Utah State Vs. Utah State Jan. 8 @ Wyoming Vs. Wyoming Jan. 11 Vs. Boise State @ Boise State Jan. 15 @ Fresno State Vs. Fresno State Jan. 18 Vs. Nevada @ Nevada Jan. 22 Wyoming @ Wyoming Jan. 25 @ UNLV Vs. UNLV Jan. 29 @ New Mexico Vs. New Mexico Feb. 1 Vs. Utah State @ Utah State Feb. 8 @ Air Force Vs. Air Force Feb. 12 Vs. New Mexico @ New Mexico Feb. 15 @ Boise St. Vs. Boise State Feb. 22 Vs. UNLV @ UNLV Feb. 26 Vs. Colorado State @ Colorado State Feb. 29 @ Nevada Vs. Nevada Featured Image by: goaztecs.com KCR Blog, KCR Sports aztecs, baseball, basketball, Bonnie Draxler, Breven Honda, Championships, MLB, MWC, NCAA, sdsu, Track and Field Breven's Sports Blog: An Introduction June 7, 2019 KCR College Radio Here on this sports blog, you will see articles from different sports at different levels throughout the summer. I have a wide range of sports knowledge from our sports here at SDSU to the pros. Summer 2019 at San Diego State is in full swing. I hope all of you had a great Memorial Day weekend. There will be at least one blog per week that could discuss SDSU's Men's basketball team to even the San Diego Padres. Some topics include NBA Free Agency: Who will leave the Golden State Warriors? In addition, I may analyze the NBA Awards and the rest of the playoffs. Will the Warriors be the first team since the Lakers to three-peat? In addition to the playoffs and the awards, the NBA Draft has developed major storylines. Everyone knows about Duke's Zion Williamson and Marquette's Ja Morant, but there is also San Diego State's Jalen McDaniels looking to hear his name be called in the draft. Besides basketball, some Major League Baseball blogs might be seen here, especially with the San Diego Padres playing .500 baseball right now. In their 50th Anniversary since the first MLB Padres' team was assembled in 1969 (hey, that's when KCR began at SDSU), a lot has happened. You could also see some blogs on the Padres' history as well. July is filled with big things for baseball such as the 2019 All-Star Game in Cleveland, hosted by the Indians. At the end of month, it is the MLB Trade Deadline. Who will go and help that team make a playoff push into October? Which team will decide 2019 is the year to rebuild by trading some their biggest stars, similar to what the Baltimore Orioles did last year by trading Manny Machado and Jonathan Schoop? As the calendar turns to fall, our SDSU Football team will be getting ready for the 2019 season. They have some big opponents coming to SDSU, including the rivalry game against Fresno State

Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 have been implicated in CRF.87 The mechanism(s) by which elevations in circulating cytokine levels produce fatigue, however, and whether they are elaborated by host or tumor cells, remains unclear. Cytokine antagonists are not recommended at this time for the treatment of CRF. When potentially reversible sources of fatigue (see Box 57-2) have been ruled out or definitively addressed, symptom-oriented fatigue management is indicated. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network endorses a multimodal approach that includes medications, exercise, psychologic interventions, and improved sleep hygiene as offering the greatest likelihood of success.181 The use of aerobic exercise to reduce CRF is discussed at length in the "Aerobic Conditioning" section of this chapter. Methylphenidate has been used most extensively to treat fatigue in cancer patients. Four open-label studies in mixed cancer cohorts have demonstrated reduced fatigue with methylphenidate.23,91,105,224 A fifth open-label pilot study combining exercise and methylphenidate also reported benefit.232 However, results from five randomized, controlled, double-blinded studies conflict. Two studies published by Lower et al.150,151 detected reduced fatigue in patients who had completed cytotoxic chemotherapy. In three additional trials in mixed brain and breast cancer populations, however, methylphenidate did not differ from placebo in reducing CRF.25,27,155 These inconsistencies could be due to different maximal doses, trial duration, and inclusion criteria. Currently it is reasonable to trial methylphenidate at a starting dose of 5 to 10 mg/day. Dose-limiting toxicities associated with methylphenidate include anorexia, insomnia, anxiety, confusion, tremor, and tachycardia. Dose titration continues gradually until a therapeutic response is achieved or adverse side effects preclude further dose escalation. Doses greater than 60 mg/day are rarely required. Modafinil has been less extensively studied in two open-label trials with disparate study populations. Both breast cancer survivors and patients with brain tumors reported less fatigue while taking modafinil.122,177 Modafinil is generally tolerated with few side effects (e.g., headache, anxiety, nausea). When present, these symptoms are rated as mild and resolve on discontinuation. Modafinil therapy can be initiated at 100 to 200 mg/day and titrated to a maximal dose of 400 mg/day. Corticosteroids, L-carnitine (500 to 600 mg/day), and antidepressants have also been clinically used to manage CRF based on anecdotal and tenuous evidence. The choice to trial these agents might hinge on the presence of other adverse symptoms and psychologic morbidity. For example, a trial of corticosteroids might be warranted in patients with limited prognoses whose fatigue coexists with pain and/or nausea. Antidepressants can be helpful for patients whose fatigue is complicated by depression, anxiety, insomnia, or anorexia. The prevalence of cancer-related pain is 28% among patients with newly diagnosed cancer,269 50% to 70% among patients receiving antineoplastic therapy,198,199 and 64% to 80% among patients with advanced disease.29,63,257 Adequate pain control is an absolute requisite for successful rehabilitation. Cancer patients generally experience multiple concurrent pain syndromes. Thorough evaluation requires assessment of all relevant pain etiologies and pathophysiologic processes. Pain control might require the integrated use of anticancer treatments, agents from multiple analgesic classes, interventional techniques, topical agents, manual approaches, and modalities. The unique disease context in which cancer pain develops distinguishes it from many other pain-associated diagnoses managed by physiatrists. Considerations in cancer pain management are listed in Box 57-3 and explained below. One of the most salient features of cancer pain management is the reliance on high-dose opioid therapy. The doses required by many cancer patients can extend far beyond the conventional levels used by physiatrists. Fifteen percent of a cohort of stage IV pancreatic cancer patients required more than the daily equivalent of 5 g of parenteral morphine.72 However, extensive international literature and multiple guidelines resoundingly endorse this approach.12,64,168,187 BOX 57-3 Considerations in Cancer Pain Management • Therapeutic reliance on high-dose opioid analgesia • Importance of disease-modifying analgesic approaches • Potential loss of enteral administration • Dynamic and rapidly progressive pain complaints • Multiple concurrent pain syndromes • Affective and organic psychopathology • Feasibility of permanent ablative procedures • Concurrent nociceptive and neuropathic pain The majority of cancer pain is due to tumor effects. For this reason, disease-modifying, anticancer therapy plays a critical role in pain management. For example, a single radiation fraction of 8 Gy offers a definitive and effective means of controlling pain associated with symptomatic and uncomplicated bone metastases.277 Cancer progression frequently causes pain to worsen, and escalating analgesic requirements should be anticipated.72 Cancer-related depression, anxiety, and existential distress can exacerbate patients' pain experience.246 For this reason, contributing psychiatric factors should be addressed. The enteral administration of analgesics is frequently not feasible in cancer patients, particularly those with advanced cancers of the gastrointestinal tract and ovaries. Analgesics with transdermal, parenteral, and transmucosal routes of administration should be preferentially used when the enteral route cannot be used. Because of the limited life expectancy and intense pain associated with far advanced cancer, the cost–benefit ratio of permanent neuroablative procedures might be acceptable. Excellent success rates have been reported with anterolateral cordotomy (84% to 95%) and myelotomy (59% to 92%).88,272 Acute pain after surgery or radiation therapy can be successfully treated using conventional algorithms for acute postoperative pain.3 Nerves are frequently severed, compressed, or stretched during tumor resection, making it possible for neuropathic pain to be a major factor during the postoperative period. Neural compromise contributes significantly to postmastectomy and postthoracotomy pain syndromes. Adjuvant analgesics (e.g., gabapentin) should be initiated when a neurogenic contribution to the pain is suspected. As with all postoperative pain that impedes function, aggressive opioid-based and antiinflammatory analgesia should be considered. Acute pain control allows movement and limits immobility. This is particularly important in cancer patients who face the debilitating effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy shortly after surgery. To allow patients whose cancers eventually recur or progress to benefit from opioid rotation, opioid use should be confined to the "immediate-" and "sustained-" or "continuous-release" formulations of a single drug. The dose threshold for switching opioids because of lack of efficacy in patients with poor prognoses should be high. In this way, patients' exposure can be restricted to a limited number of opioids, allowing them to benefit from opioid rotation in the late stages of disease.112,166 Acute pain can also complicate the administration of chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and irradiation. Most of the associated pain syndromes are transient but can produce intense discomfort that warrants aggressive analgesia. Acute pain syndromes associated with cancer therapy include paclitaxel-related arthralgias and myalgias,217 bisphosphonate-related bone pain,104 radiation mucositis,211 steroid pseudorheumatism (after withdrawal of corticosteroids),216 intravesicular Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG–induced cystitis, hepatic artery infusion pain,124 bone pain associated with colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and granulocyte macrophage CSF administration,266 and radiopharmaceutical-induced pain. Chronic cancer-related pain can arise from visceral or neural structures but is most commonly associated with bone metastases.145 Bone metastases occur in 60% to 84% of patients with solid tumors. Pain intensity does not correlate with the number, size, or location of bone metastases. Pain intensity also does not correlate with tumor type because 25% of patients with bone metastases report no pain.210 Bone pain is particularly relevant to physiatrists because recruiting muscles that act on or loading affected structures can precipitate severe pain. Too often the excellent pain control achieved while patients remain in bed proves inadequate when they begin to transfer and ambulate. As mentioned above, bone pain responds well to local irradiation.277 Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs for Bone Pain Pharmacologic interventions reduce the intensity of bone pain. Prostaglandins have been implicated in pain associated with lytic bone metastases.167 Blockade of prostaglandin synthesis is likely the principal mechanism by which nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alleviate bone pain.221 NSAIDs are considered first-line therapy for bone pain, and a trial is warranted unless contraindicated. Patients' limited prognoses and the intensity of their suffering might eclipse cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors' worrisome cardiovascular risk profile. Although caution should be exercised, the significant potential benefits of COX-2 inhibitors outweigh their risks in many cancer patients with

Jesse Wickersham were members of one of Sonoma county's most esteemed families, and their horrific 1886 murders became nationwide news after their Chinese house servant was named as the only suspect. There was zero evidence he committed the crime, but anti-Chinese sentiment then was at its peak on the West Coast and he made a perfect villain. Although the inquest testimony pointed to a robbery gone wrong, in that swirling torrent of racist hate and fear no one questioned that he murdered the couple in cold blood for no apparent reason. THE CRIME OF DR. BURKE Although no one was killed, the Burke case was Sonoma county's crime of the 20th century; newspapers in East Coast cities and small Western mining towns alike were often publishing daily courtroom updates, sometimes with front page headlines. The crime in question was the 1910 attempted murder of his mistress and their baby – by blowing them up with dynamite. This nine part series follows the unfolding suspenseful story. THE CASE FOR ARSON AT WOLF HOUSE Jack London didn't spend a night in the baronial home he named "Wolf House" before it burned down in 1913. A forensic report in 1995 concluded the cause of the fire was spontaneous combustion, but that theory leaned heavily on evidence that is now shown to be provably wrong. That reopens the possibility of arson, and there's a strong suspect: Jack's unstable brother-in-law who quarreled with him a few hours before the fire. THE 1906 SANTA ROSA EARTHQUAKE NEW REVELATIONS Think you kinda know what happened in Santa Rosa on April 18, 1906? Sorry; details found in the Petaluma Argus rewrite the story significantly. The big takeaway is that the interim newspaper published by Press Democrat editor Ernest Finley covered up the worst news about the disaster. There was serious looting and the stench of death lingered over the town for days. Most significant was confirmation of a massive explosion at the Haven Hardware store, which was so huge it took out one side of its block on Fourth street, killing at least eight. As it turns out, Haven Hardware was one of two places in town that sold gasoline. SEEKING MISS EXCELSA "Mrs. C. Heath" is named at the top of the memorial stone at the Rural Cemetery, but in the newspapers death lists she appeared usually as "Miss Excelsa," which was a misspelling of her vaudeville stage name; the earthquake came the morning after her second performance at Santa Rosa's tiny theater. Hers is probably the most poignant story of what happened that day, because her stage partner – the only person in the Bay Area who knew anything about her – promptly fled after the quake. Her backstory remained a mystery until now. THE 1906 EARTHQUAKE GRAVESTONE: WHO LIES BENEATH? Buried along with Heath in the mass grave are others whose presence reveals the chaos during the aftermath of the quake. There is someone listed on the tombstone who is actually buried somewhere else and there are certainly more people under that concrete slab than the sixteen claimed. THE TRIBULATIONS OF LUTHER BURBANK SELLING LUTHER BURBANK Always seeking the financial independence that would allow him to concentrate on his plant breeding, Burbank repeatedly stumbled into deals with dodgy characters through no fault of his own. Probably the worst was a 1909 plan to sell Burbank's seeds and live plants directly to the public. The main investors were the Law brothers, who owned the Fairmont Hotel and other blue-ribbon real estate. But the brothers made their fortune through a quack medicine and pyramid scheme (which they still owned) that was singled out by medical journals and muckrakers as one of the worst of all the insidious medical frauds. It seems likely the Laws sought out a partnership with Luther Burbank – one of the most respected men in the nation – so he could be called as a character witness, should they ever be enmeshed in a wrongful death lawsuit. THE UNDOING OF LUTHER BURBANK Burbank expected his set of "Methods & Discoveries" books would establish his legacy as a great scientist and provide a steady income, thanks in part to a $300,000 bond issue in late 1912, only a few months after Burbank Press was formed. What he did not know was that the man directing his publishing company was a fugitive on the run with several aliases, wanted for a previous stock scam as well as bigamy after having abandoned his wife and children. THE PRICKLY LUTHER BURBANK The spineless cactus was Burbank's moon shot – an odyssey with the goal of creating a hybrid that would be as important to mankind as his namesake potato, where deserts would be turned into pastures and croplands. But never would the desert bloom in vast cactus farms; spineless varieties were more delicate than the spiny forms, sensitive to cold and not as drought tolerant. His variety grew best only in places with year-around rainfall or with wet, mild winters and dry summers. Places like Santa Rosa, California, for example. PEOPLE YOU WOULD HAVE LIKED TO MEET MARTIN TARWATER, MOST HAPPY FELLA Had Martin Tarwater behaved himself, he would have died peacefully at home near Mark West Creek and been quickly forgotten. Instead, he did something so crazy that he was immortalized in one of the best stories written by Jack London. At age 66 he joined the 1897 Yukon Gold Rush, despite having no experience with prospecting or, for that matter, surviving in extremely bad weather. Despite the awful conditions, Tarwater kept such a cheery disposition he appeared to be nuts. A correspondent to the Press Democrat wrote of coming across "Mart" alone in the wilderness that winter merrily bellowing out an old music hall tune. ED MANNION HAS SOMETHING TO TELL YOU "Grizzly Bear wanted for bull and bear fight Main Street Petaluma, reply to the judge", read the ad in a San Francisco paper a month before the town's centennial celebration in 1958. "The judge" was Ed Mannion, Petaluma's unofficial historian and sometimes columnist for the Argus-Courier. Mannion had a wild sense of humor for his time but took history research seriously, tapping primary sources for information rather than repeating hand-me-down stories. He wrote so much there are probably mistakes which I don't know enough to spot, but so far I've only found one glaring error – and to his credit, he found it himself some years later and corrected it. OUR LOVEABLE, AWFUL HISTORIAN The most cited history of Sonoma county is probably the 1911 version written by Tom Gregory, and that's unfortunate. He was a popular, maybe even beloved, fellow around Santa Rosa but he wasn't a scholar or historian as much as he was a storyteller – and that is why his book is so godawful. Errors probably blot every page; at times his book resembles nothing more than the TV series "Drunk History," where someone is liquored-up and asked to recount some great moment in history which they only half remember from school. That said, if I could go back in time to his day there's nothing more I'd like to do than hang out with Tom and have a beer while listening to him spin his wild tales. He was the closest we've ever had to homegrown Mark Twain. PEOPLE NOBODY LIKED THE SEDUCER'S SCHOOL Around 110 years ago, "professor" Forest C. Richardson ran a little business school on Fourth street which was mainly attended by "poor girls, struggling to get along in the world and make something of themselves." Only after a Santa Rosa woman died from a botched abortion in 1909 was it discovered he was a serial sexual predator who was preying on his students. When any of them became pregnant he

Here we shall refer to the collective achievements or to the individual ones that made our country known abroad. Keywords – Feminist movement, women association, education, civil right, political right. Ioana Florea, Das wöchentliche Hermannstädter Sportblatt im Kontext der institutionellen Entwicklung der siebenbürgisch-sächsischen Sportbewegung 1920, p. 565 Abstract – The Weekly Sportblatt from Hermannstadt/Sibiu in the Context of the Institutional Development of Transylvanian-Saxon Sports in 1920 – The choice of topic is based on the fact that German language sports press in Transylvania hasn't yet been the object of a comprehensive research. The present article offers a monographic presentation of the weekly Sportblatt, focusing on the way the newspaper reflects the level of development of Transylvanian-Saxon sports press in 1920 and the evolution of modern sports on this particular population segment. According to the press of the time, the spring 1920 constitutes the moment of beginning for organized sports in Hermannstadt/Sibiu and therefore represents a pre-institutional phase, as territorial associations and extensive competitions weren't yet established. The paper approaches a whole range of themes characteristic for the time, like financial autonomy of sports clubs, establishment of territorial associations, sports politicization, sports language, etc. The study of the newspaper reveals the features of sports press of the time, such as journalistic genera, level and register of speech, columns, sources of information, target audience, geographical range and time frame. Keywords – Sports press, leisure, sports infrastructure, clubs, associations. Lavinia Buda, The Odyssey of the Concept of the Marian Union of the Uniate Romanian Women (in the First Half of the 20th Century), p. 581 Abstract – The establishment of the Marian Union of the Uniate Romanian Women in the Archdiocese of Alba-Iulia and Fagaraş arose from the increase in the number of Marian associations and from the necessity of centralizing their activity. Nevertheless, its materialization faced a number of organizational and practical impediments. In spite of the difficulties and controversies around its organization, the Marian Union was founded and it carried out moral, religious, social, charitable and cultural activities. The goal of the Union in question was to promote the welfare of the Greek Catholic Church by both attracting the believers and thoroughly studying the customs of Marian piety. The work of the Marian Union in the Archdiocese took place within the general congresses organized in partnership with the General Association of the Uniate Romanians, but also at archbishopric level through general meetings attended not only by members of Marian associations, but also by many believers. Both World Wars gave rise to opportunities of consolidating the Union, but at the same time they created hindrances due to the difficulties they brought along. The religious hierarchy considered it a favorable time to intervene in the believers' lives by means of both spiritual and material assistance. The Union attempted to mobilize people to help their countrymen and, at the same time, it spread the religious feeling through constant attendance at the liturgy, prayers, spiritual exercises, confessions and redemption, the imitation of the virtues of Holy Mary, etc... The social and charitable activities of the Union represented the main objectives of the Marian Union, because the Romanian society was in great need of such activities. Keywords – Marian Union, Virgin Mary, Marian associations, devotion, Transylvania Adriana Man (Szekely), Reference Points on the Social Investigations Conducted in Interwar Romanian Libraries, p. 593 Abstract – The paper has as an objective the presentation of a number of aspects regarding the traditional sociological investigations (questionnaire-based surveys, statistics) that were conducted in Romanian libraries in the interwar period, when libraries were considered an integral part of the educational programs aimed at the general population. The questionnaire was seen as the most effective way of investigating the needs existing within libraries. This instrument was used in surveys conducted by certain associations or foundations, such as The Royal Cultural Foundation or The Sociological School of Bucharest, which was led by the renowned Dimitrie Gusti. A first objective of this paper is the content analysis of the questionnaires used on a national scale and referring to books, reading and libraries. Another goal would be related to the data on the activity of Transylvanian libraries prior to 1918, collected by Ioan Muşlea, who was among the first Romanian directors of the University Library of Cluj. Through this paper, we shall complete the information regarding the survey conducted by Muşlea by presenting his manuscript identified within the collections of CUL Cluj (Ms.4720) – Anchetă referitoare la istoricul bibliotecilor publice din Ardeal în 1929 şi 1934 [Survey Regarding the History of Public Libraries in the Transylvanian Region in 1929 and 1934]. A final point that we should like to highlight is the practices of reading and the surveys on peasant reading conducted in village libraries in the interwar period. The concluding remarks will argue that the sociological surveys done in the Romanian libraries in the interwar period revealed the poor state of the libraries, and also of the literacy level of the population. These surveys can become key points in the historical research referring to the libraries of that period. Keywords – Cultural policies, sociological surveys, libraries, reading practices, Dimitrie Gusti, Ioan Muşlea. Florin-Răzvan Mihai, L'Élite politique ukrainienne de Bucovine : La dynamique électorale des élections générales (1918-1937), p. 605 Abstract – The Ukrainian political elite of Bukovina. The electoral dynamics of the general elections (1918 - 1937) – In the present study, we suggest a fresh approach to the Ukrainean interwar political elite, an analysis of selection strategies of candidates for obtaining membership in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Senate. All Ukrainean candidates in the general elections that took place between 1919 and 1937, for the Parliament, were introduced in a database containing information about the politician's name, the district for which he stood for election, the political party to which he belonged at the moment of the elections, the political party/bloc/group on whose list he appeared, his position on the list, his profession, age. We have tried to compensate for the temporal gap regarding the subject under research by a documentation as vast as possible, which contains archives, specialized literature, correspondence, memorials, press (central and local), official publications, biographies, monographers, encyclopaedias and biographical dictionaries. Between 1919-1937, the Ukrainians integrated in the "Romanian" parties, as members, or participating in electoral pacts. We studied the political strategy of nationalist Ukrainian Elite, represented by the National Ukrainian Party (1927-1937), and also the significance of Ukrainian members of Liberal, National-Peasant, Socialist and Agrarian parties. The charts and the graphics added highlight the numeric evolution of Ukrainian candidates in certain parties and the numeric evolution of Ukrainian members of Parliament, chosen in the Bukovina province, in comparison with other nationalities. Keyword – Political elite, Ukrainians, Bukovina, electoral dynamics, electoral candidates Daniel-Valeriu Boboc, The Election Agent in the Interwar Elections, p. 617 Abstract – The election agent was the product of the modern constitutional life. His activity started in the second half of the 19th century and he played even a greater role after the end of World War I, when a major reform was implemented in Romania: the universal suffrage. The election agent's behavior and mentality were symptomatic for an undeveloped political life marked by violence, populism, demagogy, and the lack of political knowledge. But, in the end, the election struggle proved to be positive, leading to more civilized and less violent elections. Keywords – Democracy, political modernization, elections, political behavior, political parties, political violence Oana-Mihaela Tămaş, Alcoholism and Prohibition—Mobilisation and Civic Action in the Interwar Romania, p. 631 Abstract – The interwar period marked a new stage in the anti-alcohol struggle, with the appeal for prohibition, after the model provided by the U.S. and the Nordic states. The struggle against alcoholism represented a problem whose discussion gained momentum during this period. This paper

Published on Bible.org (https://bible.org) Home > "Who Packed Your Bags?": Factors That Influence Our Preunderstandings "Who Packed Your Bags?": Factors That Influence Our Preunderstandings Edited by Greg Herrick Those of us who are frequent flyers know that whenever we check in our luggage at the ticket counter, the airline agent always asks, "have you left your baggage unattended at any time, or has your baggage been in the possession of anyone other than yourself?" As a measure to hold terrorism and drug trafficking at bay, airlines have adopted this strategy. The intent of the question is to determine if someone might have placed something in our luggage without our knowledge or permission. To shift this illustration to the hermeneutical realm, as Evangelical interpreters we need to be aware that our conceptual "bags" or textual "preunderstandings" have been "packed," and sometimes without our knowledge. Whether we have packed our conceptual bags ourselves, or have had them packed by someone else, we all come to the Bible with a slew of acquired prejudices and questions. This may be one reason why such interpretive diversity exists among Evangelicals. When a fellow Evangelical takes issue with my interpretation of a given text of Scripture, it may well be that the questions or "baggage" she brings to the text stands in conflict to the questions or "baggage" I bring to that same text.1 Once an interpreter has become conscious that she has read certain preunderstandings into their exegeses, a desirable outcome should be "an increased sensitivity to those features of the text that disturb our interpretive framework and thus [create] a greater readiness to modify that framework."2 While much has been produced on the concept of preunderstanding and its historical development,3 few published efforts have attempted to explain at length how our preunderstandings are shaped and how these preunderstandings can influence our reading of the Bible.4 This essay, then, is an exploration of those elements that can shape one's preunderstandings, and how those affected preunderstandings may give rise to interpretive differences within the Evangelical community. At the outset, the proposed thesis of this paper may not jibe well with all Evangelicals. It could be argued that the approach adopted in this essay is by nature subjective, speculative, and, as a consequence, inconclusive.5 To be sure, some controls need to be in place lest I be accused of denying objective truth and its attainability in interpretation. Therefore, by being necessarily brief, I wish to provide an important elucidation at the outset. Because confusion attends to the meaning of the adjectives "objective" and "subjective" in discussions of hermeneutics, it will be helpful to clarify these terms. I maintain that the terms "objective" and "subjective" are not synonyms for "true" and "false." Likewise, no object of study can receive analysis without a subject. As Barzun and Graff have observed, "an objective judgment is one made by testing in all ways possible one's subjective impressions, so as to arrive at a knowledge of objects."6 With all this we say that something is "objective" when the object under consideration refers to an "extra-mental reality or validity."7 As Carson puts it, "Objective reality exists independently of individual or communal states of human consciousness; objective truth is distinct from individual or communal states of human consciousness and obtains regardless of whether anyone happens to accept it as truth."8 Therefore, while it is vigorously argued that Scripture is the embodiment of objective truth, at the same time, such objective truth requires an interpreter. The interpreter, regardless of his spirituality and exegetical acumen, brings certain subjective apprehensions to the text. It is this subjective element of the interpretive endeavor to which this paper is devoted. Contra the postmodern Zeitgeist that argues our social formations exert more influence upon us than Scripture itself, I maintain that hermeneutic realism exists. The text, by its own affirmation,9 is a trustworthy testimony to the extra-mental reality of God. The truthfulness of God is that which is preserved in His written revelation to humankind. However, when diversity of scriptural interpretations occur among Evangelicals, one way to account for this is by exploring various elements that can influence the accumulated knowledge that an interpreter brings to the Scripture. Defining "Preunderstanding" I propose the following definition of "preunderstanding": Preunderstanding is the personally acquired prior knowledge that, consciously or unconsciously, informs and influences one's interpretation of Scripture. Working in conjunction with our settled convictions, preunderstanding is the ever expanding conceptual or ideational grid through which we process the phenomena of life and through which we interpret Scripture. As suggested in this definition, a distinction is to be made between preunderstanding and presupposition. At one level, this distinction may seem subtly artificial. Then again, there does seem to be a difference in the way these two terms can be used in an epistemological explanation of biblical hermeneutics. Typically, a presupposition is understood as a fixed and unchanging conviction upon which one's view of reality is built. Some non-negotiable Evangelical presuppositions include: the authority of Scripture, the deity of Christ, the virgin conception of Christ, a Trinitarian understanding of God, the substitutionary death of Christ, and Christ's bodily resurrection from the dead, to mention several. Presuppositions therefore, "can only be changed and revised with pain, or at least with difficulty."10 Unlike presuppositions that are fixed, preunderstandings11 are open to adjustment, refinement, and further development.12 Preunderstanding might be described as the ascending accumulation of one's knowledge that is brought to bear in the hermeneutical process. This process is sometimes referred to as an upward ascent of knowledge in the hermeneutical "spiral." Thiselton refers to the process as the "ongoing movement and progressive understanding" of the interpreter.13 To some extent this idea comports with the time honored Augustinian axiom of "faith seeking understanding."14 Though distinct, perhaps it is best to suggest that preunderstandings and presuppositions are not to be separated. Therefore, presuppositions and preunderstandings together serve as the two lenses through which we view the biblical text. The knowledge and non-negotiable presuppositions that accumulate "at the top" of the hermeneutical spiral constitute one's worldview15 or, to use more current parlance, one's metanarrative. Sometimes the terms "prejudice" and "bias" are used in conjunction with preunderstanding. One sense of the word "bias" refers to a preference or an inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment. Hence, a "bias" can be an unfavorable or detrimental influence. In discussions of hermeneutical preunderstandings, "bias" can take on this negative meaning. However, English lexicographers acknowledge that "bias" can "be used with equal appropriateness for an inclination that is beneficial. But in a development similar to the one undergone by discrimination, bias has come to be used most commonly when it is believed that some injustice is involved."16 For this reason, when explaining hermeneutical preunderstandings, it may be preferable to use the words "bias" or "prejudice" in a carefully nuanced way. In recent discussions, preunderstanding has been likened to an interpretive "grid" through which the interpreter processes biblical data. Erickson, for example, writes, "we screen all we consider through the filter of our own understanding (or 'preunderstanding')."17 In the same way, Silva describes the interface between preunderstanding and interpretation as, "adjusting our prior 'framework of understanding'--integrating the new [information] into the old."18 Other descriptions of preunderstanding as "the lens," "spectacles," or "eye-glasses" through which we view Scripture also suitably illustrate the idea that interpretation is either "magnified" or "blurred" by one's presuppositions and preunderstandings.19 It is this illustration of the two lenses of presuppositions and preunderstandings that will be employed in this paper. Elements That Influence Preunderstanding In his ground-breaking study on the role of preunderstanding in NT interpretation, Geoffrey Turner suggested that preunderstanding is marked by two principal features: (1) concepts that inform the interpreter's understanding and (2) cognitive interests that motivate his exegesis

will once again be appealed to the California Court of Appeal and then to the California Supreme Court. We will keep you informed. Mom's Mistake is No Excuse – You Need a Professional Registered Agent by Garrett Sutton, Esq | Feb 13, 2021 | ASSET PROTECTION RESOURCES, Case Law, Maintaining Your LLCs, RUNNING A BUSINESS Mom's Mistake Is No Excuse! Do you have your registered agent service properly in place? A recent Ohio case illustrated the significant pitfalls of lax procedures. Your registered agent's job is to accept service process, meaning notice of a lawsuit. If you don't receive that notice the persons suing you can get a default judgment – meaning, since you didn't respond to the charge in time, they win by default. You've just lost a case you had no idea was even brought against you! The new case is John W. Judge Co. v. USA Freight, L.L.C, 2018-Ohio-2658 (Ohio App., July 6, 2018). The facts are that Judge alleged USA Freight owed them $4,405.05. They served their complaint by certified mail upon the registered agent and service was accepted by the mother of USA Freight's owner. The mother didn't speak much English, didn't know the U.S. legal system and didn't give the lawsuit papers to anyone. By not responding to the lawsuit USA Freight had a default judgment entered against them. This is when they first learn of Mom's mistake. They immediately tried to vacate (set aside) the judgment on the basis of "excusable neglect." But the Court concluded that when a company is required by law to maintain a statutory agent for service of process, and when certified mail service is successful at the statutory agent's address that is on record with the Ohio Secretary of State, then the subsequent mishandling of the served documents by the person who signed for and received the documents at the statutory agent's listed address did not amount to "excusable neglect." A full discussion of the case follows. Know that the lesson here is that you want a professional resident agent service to accept important notices for you. Excuses for not responding – even an excuse involving dear ol' Mom – will not pass muster in the courts. The Facts of Judge Judge filed a complaint against USA Freight for money damages arising from alleged unpaid engineering services in the amount of $4,405.05. Judge requested that the complaint and summons be served upon USA Freight via certified mail at the address of USA Freight's registered statutory agent, Mukhabbat Vasfieva. The trial court received the certified mail receipt, showing that the complaint and summons had been delivered and signed for by "Mukhabbat Koch" on March 24, 2016. USA Freight failed to file a response to Judge's complaint; accordingly, Judge moved the trial court to enter a default judgment in its favor. The trial court granted Judge's motion and entered a default judgment against USA Freight for the amount requested plus interest and costs. After obtaining a certificate of judgment, Judge obtained a writ of execution ordering the court bailiff to levy on the goods and chattels owned by USA Freight. Three weeks after the writ of execution was filed, USA Freight filed a Rule 60(B) motion to vacate the default judgment on grounds that it never received the complaint and summons, and was otherwise unaware of who signed for the certified mail service. USA Freight attached a supporting affidavit from Baris Koch, who averred that he was the General Manager of USA Freight and that his father was the owner. Koch also averred that he did not receive notice of Judge's complaint until the court's bailiff contacted him regarding the writ of execution. Koch further averred that he spoke with the members and employees of USA Freight to ascertain if anyone affiliated with the company had signed for service of the complaint and that he was unaware of anyone who had. Lastly, Koch averred that USA Freight had meritorious defenses to Judge's lawsuit, which included a claim that USA Freight had paid Judge in full for its services and that any unpaid amounts were owed by Garrett Day, LLC, and/or Mike Heitz. In addition to the affidavit, USA Freight attached several invoices from Judge and copies of checks that USA Freight made payable to Judge. USA Freight also attached a written description and map of the property on which Judge provided its engineering services, indication that Garrett Day, LLC owned part of the property on which Judge's services were rendered. Judge filed a response opposing the motion to vacate on grounds that USA Freight failed to establish the necessary elements for such relief under Rule 60(B). The trial court then held an evidentiary hearing on the motion to vacate. At the hearing, the parties submitted no additional evidence, but simply gave oral arguments. During that time, USA Freight explained that the certified mail receipt was signed by the mother of USA Freight's owner. USA Freight explained that the owner's mother was not part of the company or involved in its day-to-day operations, but that she happened to be present when the complaint was served and did not provide it to any of the members of the family who were involved in the business. USA Freight further explained that the owner's mother understood and spoke very little English, and had very little knowledge of the legal system. USA Freight therefore claimed it was entitled to relief under Rule 60 (B)(1) for excusable neglect. At the close of the hearing, the trial court invited the parties to submit post-hearing memoranda in support of their position. After receiving the parties' memoranda, the trial court issued a decision and entry granting USA Freight's motion to vacate. In granting the motion, the trial court found "excusable neglect," noting that USA Freight's conduct was not willful and that it did not exhibit a disregard for the judicial system. The trial court further found that USA Freight had demonstrated that it had a meritorious defense to Judge's claim for money damages. Judge appealed from the trial court's decision granting USA Freight's motion to vacate. The Decision in Judge On appeal, Judge argues that the trial court erred in granting USA Freight's motion to vacate the default judgment under Rule 60(B), because USA Freight failed to establish that it was entitled to relief under Rule 60(B). More specifically, Judge claimed that USA Freight failed to establish that it did not respond to Judge's complaint due to excusable neglect. After reviewing the necessary requirements for USA Freight to obtain relief from a final judgment under Rule 60(B), the Ohio Court of Appeals noted that, because Judge did not dispute the existence of a meritorious defense or that USA Freight filed its motion to vacate within a reasonable time, the only issue before the Court was whether it was an abuse of discretion for the trial court to conclude that USA Freight was entitled to relief under Rule 60(B)(1) on grounds of "excusable neglect." The Court noted that, in considering whether neglect is excusable under Rule 60(B)(1), a court must consider all the surrounding facts and circumstances. The Court pointed out that the phrase, "excusable neglect" in Rule 60(B)(1) is an elusive concept which has been difficult to define and to apply. The Court observed that the Ohio Supreme Court had determined that neglect is inexcusable when the movant's inaction revealed a complete disregard for the judicial system and the right of the appellee. The Court also observed that the Ohio Supreme Court had held that "excusable neglect" in the context of a Rule 60(B)(1) motion generally means the failure to take the proper steps at the proper time, not in consequence of the part's own carelessness, inattention, or willful disregard of the processes of the court, but in consequence of

of Samuel's fellowship leader, Karris Hong picked him up from Chicago Read; her husband was in Korea at the time. She and some of her fellowship members tried to keep Samuel under a makeshift suicide watch, but she did not notify our family though we lived in the same neighborhood, and she did not notify his parents in Korea. On the Friday of that same week, Samuel disappeared. He was not at the regular Friday night meeting for all members. His fellowship members, his supposed suicide watch, should have been concerned; they said nothing about it to me or my wife who were at that Friday meeting. Samuel slept at a friend's house that Friday night. The next morning, Saturday, he jumped from a 12-story downtown parking structure. It was not until the police showed up at the Chicago UBF building on that Saturday afternoon that I learned that he had unsuccessfully attempted suicide earlier that week. I have wondered why the wife of Samuel's fellowship leader would have neglected to inform us, Samuel's immediate family who lived in the same neighborhood less than three blocks away, that he had unsuccessfully attempted suicide that Monday. And why did she try to solve the problem in her own way by setting up a totally ineffectual suicide watch? The answer is clear to me now. It was because she knew what Mr. Lee's "clear direction" in the matter was. As another former member wrote in testifying about Samuel suicide, "[In UBF] Once M. Samuel Lee gives the direction, there is no other way except obeying him, even though his direction is unreasonable." I strongly believe that Karris Hong's fear was that if she told us or Samuel's parents of his suicide attempt, we or they would have moved to help him return to Korea, regardless of Mr. Lee's "clear direction." It is likely that Karris Hong did not agree with Mr. Lee's "direction," but she feared Mr. Lee and the possible repercussions if she did anything to undermine his "direction." She chose to stay out of trouble instead of doing what was wise and right. It is a scenario that has been repeated so many times in Chicago UBF. Just one day, less than 24 hours after the suicide, on a Sunday, Mr. Lee ordered that Samuel's shared apartment room be completely cleared out and all his belongings taken somewhere. Paul Chung and several other current members of Chicago UBF carried out his order that afternoon. [This was done without consulting us at all, his nearest of kin in Chicago.] My wife and I were just too numb at that point to object to this at all. Mr. Lee's motivation for ordering this seems obvious to me: Look for and get rid of any evidence, perhaps a suicide note, that might implicate Mr. Lee's abuse as a possible motivation for the suicide. On that same Sunday, Samuel's suicide was not even mentioned. It was amazing to see how quickly things were back to "business as usual" in Chicago UBF after Samuel's suicide. When Mr. Lee first spoke publicly about the suicide during a regular Friday meeting about two weeks after the suicide, he could only talk impassively about suicide being an unpardonable sin; he never accepted responsibility. My father suggested cremation of the body to Samuel's parents and they assented. They were ordered not to come to the brief, small funeral attended only by Mr. Lee and the Chicago UBF elders. Samuel's name was not mentioned in Chicago UBF again. Though he denied any responsibility for Samuel's death, Mr. Lee's actions showed that he thought otherwise. There was the aforementioned ransacking of Samuel's apartment room the day after his death. But Mr. Lee also had John Jun, the leader of Korea UBF, write a statement and press Samuel's parents in Korea to sign it. The statement basically read that Samuel's parents bore full responsibility for Samuel's suicide. As she told my wife and another former UBF member, Samuel's mother refused at first to sign such a statement, but Mr. Jun pressed the issue until both Samuel's parents signed the statement. What would be the purpose of extracting such a statement from them? Obviously, Mr. Lee's motivation was to protect himself in case of a lawsuit. Throughout this whole ordeal, Mr. Lee's whole motivation was not to console, comfort or "shepherd" the hurting. It is obvious to me that his whole motivation was to protect himself. (Addendum: In Korea, as the leaders of their UBF chapter in Seoul, Samuel's parents told the members of their chapter that Samuel had died as a "martyr" in Chicago. It is unknown what details they provided in their explanation that he had died as a martyr. They even held a ceremony of some sort in their chapter to celebrate Samuel's death as a martyr. They built this mythological ending to their son's life, perhaps to comfort themselves and their chapter members, and probably also to protect Samuel Lee's reputation at any cost. When Samuel Lee learned of the mythology they had built up around their son's death, he took the opportunity to call Samuel's mother to his office when she was next in Chicago and tell her that Samuel had committed suicide, that he was not a martyr and that he went to hell as a result of the suicide. This apparently led to a big argument between the two in Lee's office and allegedly lowered Mr. Lee's lofty standing in the eyes of Samuel's mother.) No one reprimanded or disciplined Mr. Lee for his part in what happened to my brother-in-law or for his actions in the aftermath of the suicide. Abuses related to recruiting numbers and quotas Between 1993-2000, I served both as a fellowship (small group) leader and assistant fellowship leader. Samuel Lee, as he often openly stated, wanted to have the most numerous chapter in UBF since Chicago is the world headquarters. Therefore, he exerted constant pressure on the fellowship leaders to keep up with his demand for greater numbers at the Chicago UBF Sunday worship services. During the weeks prior to UBF international conferences held in the USA, this pressure would be even greater because Mr. Lee demanded that the largest contingent at these conferences be from the Chicago headquarters. To keep up the pressure on the fellowship leaders and their assistant leaders, Mr. Lee would force them to promise to bring a certain number of people from their fellowships to every Sunday worship service or to register a certain number of people per day from their fellowships for conferences. If these leaders were found not to have kept their "promises," they would be given what became known notoriously as "Skokie training" as punishment. This punishment consisted of these "promise breaking" fellowship leaders being driven to Skokie, a suburb of Chicago, and being dropped off to walk back to the UBF building. At a brisk pace, the walk would take close to 2 hours. I was punished in this way twice. In winter months, Mr. Lee would sometimes order fellowship leaders to undergo this punishment in their bare feet, so they would make the walk back home in freezing temperatures in their bare feet. A current Chicago UBF fellowship leader by the name of Abraham Lincoln (formerly Longhri) might be willing to testify that he had to walk back home barefoot. If he is not willing to testify, these former Chicago UBF fellowship leaders or assistant leaders might be willing: Dacian M. ([email address withheld]), Jacob K. ([email address withheld]), Joshua L. ([email address withheld]). Mr. Lee was never reprimanded or disciplined by anyone in UBF for his behavior. Fellowship leaders and their assistants were not the only ones that Samuel

-Year202020192018201720162015201420132012201120102009200820072006200520042003200220012000199919981997199619951994199319921991199019891988 Africa-Angola-Benin-Botswana-Burkina Faso-Burundi-Côte d'Ivoire-Cameroon-Cape Verde-Central African Republic-Chad-Comoros-Congo (Brazzaville)-Democratic Republic of Congo-Djibouti-Equatorial Guinea-Eritrea-Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)-Ethiopia-Gabon-Gambia-Ghana-Guinea-Guinea-Bissau-Kenya-Lesotho-Liberia-Madagascar-Malawi-Mali-Mozambique-Namibia-Niger-Nigeria-Rwanda-Senegal-Seychelles-Sierra Leone-Somalia-South Africa-South Sudan-Sudan-Tanzania and Zanzibar-Togo-Uganda-Zambia-ZimbabweAmericas-Antigua and Barbuda-Argentina-Bahamas-Barbados-Belize-Bolivia-Brazil-Canada-Chile-Colombia-Costa Rica-Cuba-Dominican Republic-Ecuador-El Salvador-Falklands/Malvinas-Grenada-Guatemala-Guyana-Haiti-Honduras-Jamaica-Mexico-Nicaragua-Panama-Paraguay-Peru-Saint Kitts and Nevis-Saint Lucia-Saint Vincent and the Grenadines-Suriname-Trinidad and Tobago-Uruguay-VenezuelaAsia-Afghanistan-Australia-Bangladesh-Bhutan-Brunei-Cambodia-China and Tibet-Cook Islands-Federated States of Micronesia-Fiji-India-Indonesia-Japan-Kiribati-Laos-Malaysia-Maldives-Marshall Islands-Mongolia-Myanmar (Burma)-Nauru-Nepal-New Zealand-Niue-North Korea-Pakistan-Palau-Papua New Guinea-Philippines-Samoa-Singapore-Solomon Islands-South Korea-Sri Lanka-Taiwan-Thailand-Timor-Leste-Tonga-Tuvalu-Vanuatu-VietnamEurope/Central Asia-Albania-Andorra-Armenia-Austria-Azerbaijan-Belarus-Belgium-Bosnia and Herzegovina-Bulgaria-Croatia-Cyprus-Czech Republic-Denmark-Estonia-European Union-Finland-France-Georgia-Germany-Greece-Holy See-Hungary-Iceland-Ireland-Italy-Kazakhstan-Kyrgyzstan-Latvia-Liechtenstein-Lithuania-Macedonia-Malta-Moldova-Monaco-Montenegro-Netherlands-Norway-Poland-Portugal-Romania-Russia-San Marino-Serbia/Kosovo-Slovak Republic-Slovenia-Spain-Sweden-Switzerland-Tajikistan-Turkey-Turkmenistan-Ukraine-United Kingdom-UzbekistanGlobalMiddle East/North Africa-Algeria-Bahrain-Egypt-Iran-Iraq-Israel/Palestine-Jordan-Kuwait-Lebanon-Libya-Mauritania-Morocco/Western Sahara-Oman-Qatar-Saudi Arabia-Syria-Tunisia-United Arab Emirates-YemenUnited States-Criminal Justice-Immigration-National Security-Poverty and Economic Inequality-Racial Discrimination-US Foreign Policy Arms-Explosive Weapons in Civilian Areas-Cluster Munitions-Incendiary Weapons-Killer Robots-LandminesBusiness-Oil, Mining, and Natural Resources-World Bank, IMFChildren's Rights-Child Labor-Child Soldiers-Education-Attacks on Education-Juvenile Justice-Orphans and Abandoned Children-Refugees and MigrantsCrisis and ConflictDisability RightsEnvironmentFree Speech-Internet Freedom-Press Freedom-Religious FreedomHealth-Detention Centers-Attacks on Health-Disasters and Displaced Populations-Environment and Health-Health Care Access-HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis-Palliative Care-Rights of Older People-Sexual and Reproductive HealthInternational Justice-Bosco Ntaganda-Charles Taylor-International Criminal Court-Joseph Kony - LRA-Peace and JusticeLGBT RightsMigrants-Exploitation, Forced Labor & TraffickingRefugee Rights-Asylum Seekers-Internally Displaced People-MigrantsTerrorism / Counterterrorism-CIA Activities-Detention without Trial-Edward Snowden-Guantanamo-Guantanamo - Military Commissions-Targeted Killings and DronesTortureUnited Nations-Human Rights CouncilWomen's Rights-Child Marriage-Domestic Violence-Domestic Workers-Gender Equality-Labor Rights in the Garment Industry-Reproductive Rights and Abortion-Sexual Violence and Rape-Women and Armed Conflict-Women's Health and FGM "Just Like Other Kids" Lack of Access to Inclusive Quality Education for Children with Disabilities in Iran This report documents discrimination and barriers to education in the country's public school system for most children with disabilities. A major obstacle is a mandatory government medical test that can exclude them from education altogether, the groups found. Additional barriers include inaccessible school buildings, discriminatory attitudes of school staff, and lack of adequate training for teachers and school administrators in inclusive education methods. "When We Lost the Forest, We Lost Everything" Oil Palm Plantations and Rights Violations in Indonesia This report examines how a patchwork of weak laws, exacerbated by poor government oversight, and the failure of oil palm plantation companies to fulfill their human rights responsibilities have adversely affected Indigenous peoples' rights to their forests, livelihood, food, water, and culture in Bengkayang regency, West Kalimantan, and Sarolangun regency, Jambi. The report, based on interviews with over 100 people and extensive field research, highlights the distinct challenges Indigenous people, particularly women, face as a result. "Violence with Every Step" Weak State Response to Domestic Violence in Tajikistan This report and its recommendations focus on violence against women by male partners and their relatives, including mothers-in-law. Dozens of survivors of domestic violence all across Tajikistan, from cities and villages alike, told Human Rights Watch harrowing stories of the worst kinds of abuse, including sadistic violence committed by perpetrators who span nearly every socioeconomic category. Rainforest Mafias How Violence and Impunity Fuel Deforestation in Brazil's Amazon This report documents how illegal logging by criminal networks and resulting forest fires are connected to acts of violence and intimidation against forest defenders and the state's failure to investigate and prosecute these crimes. "Get on the Ground!": Policing, Poverty, and Racial Inequality in Tulsa, Oklahoma A Case Study of US Law Enforcement This report details how policing affects Tulsa, particularly in the segregated and largely impoverished North Tulsa area. Human Rights Watch found that black people are subjected to physical force, including tasers, police dog bites, pepper spray, punches, and kicks, at a rate 2.7 times that of white people. Some neighborhoods with larger populations of black people and poor people experienced police stops more than 10 times the rate of predominantly white and wealthier neighborhoods. Arrests and citations lead to staggering accumulations of court fees, fines, and costs, often for very minor offenses, that trap poor people in a cycle of debt and further arrests for failing to pay. "They Didn't Know if I Was Alive or Dead" Military Detention of Children for Suspected Boko Haram Involvement in Northeast Nigeria This report documents how Nigerian authorities are detaining children, often based on little or no evidence. Children described beatings, overwhelming heat, frequent hunger, and being packed tightly in their cells with hundreds of other detainees "like razorblades in a pack," as one former detainee said. Subject to Whim The Treatment of Unaccompanied Migrant Children in the French Hautes-Alpes The 80-page report found that examiners whose job is to certify a child's status as a minor – that is, under age 18 – do not comply with international standards. Human Rights Watch found that examiners use various justifications to deny children protection. These include children's minor mistakes with dates, their reluctance to discuss particularly traumatic experiences in detail or work they did in home countries or while in transit, and what examiners deem as unrealistic life goals. "When We're Dead and Buried, Our Bones Will Keep Hurting" Workers' Rights Under Threat in US Meat and Poultry Plants This report describes alarmingly high rates of serious injury and chronic illness among workers at chicken, hog, and cattle slaughtering and processing plants. Human Rights Watch interviewed workers who described serious job-related injuries or illnesses, and nearly all the interviewed workers identified production speed as the factor that made their job dangerous. "Don't Punish Me for Who I Am" Systemic Discrimination Against Transgender Women in Lebanon Lebanese General Security has banned a group of activists and academics from re-entering Lebanon following their participation in a September 2018 conference on gender and sexuality, Human Rights Watch, the Arab Foundation for Freedoms and Equality (AFE), and Legal Agenda said today. General Security officers attempted to unlawfully shut down the conference and took names of all conference participants from the hotel registry, including those from highly repressive countries. The agency apparently used the information to create a list of people who are not welcome in Lebanon. This appears to be the first time Lebanon has imposed a collective ban on individuals for participating in a conference. "You Pray for Death" Trafficking of Women and Girls in Nigeria This report documents human rights abuses committed against largely Nigerian women and girls who are trafficked for sexual and labor exploitation within and outside Nigeria. It also focuses on the experiences of non-Nigerian women and girls who are trafficked into Nigeria, most of them for domestic servitude. It shows how some assistance measures are further violating survivors' rights. The report highlights physical, mental, social, and economic impact of these abuses on survivors, and describes significant gaps in, and obstacles to, much-needed support services. It further outlines steps the Nigerian government should take to combat trafficking in persons and provide survivors the medical care, psychological counseling, and financial assistance they need to heal from the trauma and rebuild their lives. "We Have to Be Worried" The Impact of Lead Contamination on Children's Rights in Kabwe, Zambia This report examines the effects of lead contamination in Kabwe, a provincial capital, on children's rights to health, a healthy environment, education, and play. Twenty-five years after the mine closed, children living in nearby townships continue to be exposed to high levels of toxic lead in soil and dust in their homes, backyards, schools, play areas, and other public spaces. The Zambian government's efforts to address the environmental and health consequences of the widespread lead contamination have not thus far been sufficient, and parents struggle to protect their children. "No Year without Deaths" A Decade of Deregulation Puts Georgian Miners at Risk This report documents how weak labor protections and limited government oversight have allowed mining practices that undermine safety to flourish. Georgian labor law does not sufficiently regulate working hours, rest time, weekly breaks, and night work, and does not provide for government oversight of all labor conditions. "They Are Making Us into Slaves, Not Educating Us" How Indefinite Conscription Restricts Young People's Rights, Access to Education in Eritrea This report documents how the Eritrean government forcibly channels thousands of young people, some still children, each year into military training even before they finish their schooling. Instead of developing a pool of committed, well-trained, career secondary school teachers, the government conscripts teachers, also for indefinite service, giving them no choice about whether, what, or where to teach. These policies have a devastating

the Criminal Justice System: A Call to Action by Fiona Doherty Nonconsensual Pornography ("Revenge Porn"): Theory and Practice This session will discuss nonconsensual pornography, defined as the distribution of sexually graphic images of individuals without their consent. Topics will include the development of state law; discussion of related law when the victim is not located in a state where nonconsensual pornography is a crime, and crimes that nonconsensual pornography is frequently associated with; discussion of effective eDiscovery tools; social implications of technology's breach of privacy norms and their intersection with criminal and civil rights. • Without My Consent's Something Can Be Done! Guide is available for print and download at http://withoutmyconsent.org/resources/download-guide Highlights include chapters on: • Evidence Preservation; • Take Down; • Copyright Registration; and • Restraining Orders. Supplementary materials include: Without My Consent's sample completed evidence chart, a fillable/printable DMCA takedown notice, a sample completed copyright registration for nonconsensual porn content, the Grade Your State Checklist, the Digital Abuse Cheat Sheet, template points and authorities for applications to proceed pseudonymously and applications to seal certain records; a sample partially completed application for a digital abuse restraining order in California family court. • Read about the vision for the Something Can Be Done! Guide here: Cyrus Farivar, If You're A Revenge Porn Victim, Consider This Free, Helpful Legal Guide, Ars Technica (Feb. 11, 2017) http://tiny.cc/ryb0jy("Without My Consent's efforts are reminiscent of Nolo, a decades-old do-it-yourself legal publisher.") • Interactive map of states with revenge porn laws: www.cagoldberglaw.com/states-with-revenge-porn-laws/ • Ed Title IX regs (34 CFR 106) http://tiny.cc/ryb0jy • 2011 Dear Colleague letter http://tiny.cc/kzb0jy • ABA Model Rules Rule 1.18 Duties to Prospective Client: https://tinyurl.com/zjkwmdf Rule 1.7 Conflict of Interest: Current Clients: https://tinyurl.com/663983e Rule 1.8 Conflict of Interest: Current Clients: Specific Rules: https://tinyurl.com/3t9nylf Rule 1.9 Duties to Former Clients: https://tinyurl.com/3d3gv3d Rule 6.1 Voluntary Pro Bono Publico Service: https://tinyurl.com/llbv3wo Rule 5.3 Responsibilities Regarding Nonlawyer Assistance: https://tinyurl.com/4gklf7p Rule 4.3 Dealing With Unrepresented Person: https://tinyurl.com/nx9gkhq Rule 4.1 Truthfulness In Statements To Others: https://tinyurl.com/crglzo4 • Fighting for Online Privacy with Digital Weaponry: Combatting Revenge Pornography, Elisa D'Amico & Luke Steinberger, NYSBA Entertainment, Arts and Sports Law Journal, Summer 2015, Vol. 26, No. 2 http://tiny.cc/szb0jy • The War to Stay Secure: Online Privacy and the Battle in the Civil Courts against Sexual Cyberharassment, Elisa D'Amico, ABA Human Rights Magazine, Vol. 41, No. 3 (2016) http://tiny.cc/6zb0jy • My Ex was Jailed for Posting Naked Pictures of Me, Anisha Vora, Grazia Magazine, https://twitter.com/Anisha_Vora/status/591406853898293249 • Cyber Exploitation, State of California Department of Justice https://oag.ca.gov/cyberexploitation • Washington State Criminal statute http://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9A.86.010 • Washington State Civil statute http://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=4.24.795 • ACLU: PI filed in First Amendment challenge https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/antigone-books-v-horne-motion-preliminary-injunction-pi • ACLU: Original complaint https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/antigone-books-v-horne-complaint • ACLU: Blog posting after Court ordered settlement https://www.aclu.org/blog/arizonas-naked-photo-law-makes-free-speech-felony • Mary Anne Franks article http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mary-anne-franks/revenge-porn-intimate-privacy-protection-act_b_11034998.html • Illinois General Assembly Public Act 098-1138 http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?Name=098-1138 • Cyber Civil Rights Model State Law https://www.cybercivilrights.org/model-state-law/ • Criminalizing Revenge Porn by Danielle Citron and Mary Anne Franks http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2424&context=fac_pubs • Franks, Mary Anne, 'Revenge Porn' Reform: A View from the Front Lines (October 17, 2016). Florida Law Review, Forthcoming; University of Miami Legal Studies Research Paper No. 16-43. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2853789 Maintaining Your Mental Well-Being: Self Care is an Essential Part of Your Professional Success "Make sure to put on your own oxygen mask before helping others" What good advice! A healthy judge or attorney is a successful and productive one. Members of the judiciary suffer unique stressors such as isolation, the pressure to be fair and impartial under challenging circumstances, the need to be courteous when others are acting poorly, and the sheer avalanche of work. Members of the bar are faced with demanding work schedules and heavy caseloads in an adversarial environment. Such stressors can manifest as sleep disturbances, temperament changes, physical ailments, alcohol or substance abuse, depression or suicide. Panelists will discuss wellness strategies to address stressors, prevent their appearance and respond to scenarios presented by the moderator. • New York State Commission on Judicial Conduct Landicino Decision http://cjc.ny.gov/Determinations/L/Landicino.Carl.J.2015.12.28DET.pdf • New York State Bar Association Judicial Wellness and Assistance Brochure http://www.nysba.org/workarea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=74648 • New York State Bar Association Judicial Wellness Committee http://www.nysba.org/CustomTemplates/SecondaryStandard.aspx?id=654 • Vicarious Trauma in Judges: The Personal Challenge of Dispensing Justice https://courts.state.md.us/sites/default/files/import/fccip/docs/vicarioustraumainjudges.pdf The Fight for Justice: Attracting The Next Generation of Women Judges And Attorneys – Effective Outreach to Millennials Millennials are the fastest growing segment of the legal profession and the most misunderstood generation. The modes and methods of communication, as well as the values, belief systems and behaviors of Baby Boomers and Generation X'ers are different than those of Millennials. Law firms, companies, membership organizations and other institutions have adjusted outreach, recruitment, training and retention efforts to reach this demographic. This panel will address the results of studies which defy stereotypes of millennials and reveal the implications of such results on the legal profession. The panelists will also share their views on effective outreach, coaching, training and retention efforts which appeal to this generation to attract them to a career in the law IF NOT NOW, WHEN? Achieving Equality for Women Attorneys in the Courtroom and in ADR, Report of the New York State Bar Association, Approved by the House of Delegates November 2017 NAWJ has secured rooms at New York Marriott at the Brooklyn Bridge at the rate of $249 per night, plus applicable state and local taxes, single or double occupancy. For room reservations, click here to reserve online. Or, call 877-303-0104, and state that you are with the National Association of Women Judges (NAWJ). Problems reserving your hotel room? Please call 877-303-0104. Hotel Reservations must be made on or before March 23, 2018, to guarantee the NAWJ conference rate. Midyear Meeting Attendee Survey NAWJ thanks all attendees and participants for sharing our experience of the NAWJ 2018 Midyear Meeting. Please take a moment to share your thoughts, and complete a survey here. A photo gallery of people and scenes from the Midyear Meeting may viewed here. EDUCATION CHAIRS Professor Judith Resnik, Arthur Liman Professor of Law Honorable Lisa S. Walsh Eleventh Circuit Court of Florida, Civil Division NAWJ Past President FRIENDS COMMITTEE CHAIRS Tracee E. Davis, Esq., Partner Zeichner Ellman & Krause LLP, New York, New York Rudyard F. Whyte, Esq. The Cochran Firm, New York, New York LATE* (March 17 - April 14, 2018) NAWJ Member $475 Non-Member $575 FRIDAY ONLY $300 SATURDAY ONLY $175 *After March 16, all registrations will be assessed a $50 fee. Prospective attendees who register within 29 days of, or at the conference, will pay the full registration fee plus an additional $50 late fee (already reflected in the prices listed above) NAWJ will no longer grant refunds. Register online, or click here to download the registration form, complete and email to Yves Dinte at accounting@nawj.org. Mail completed form to: National Association of Women Judges 1001 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 1138 NEW YORK WOMEN'S BAR ASSOCIATION MEMBERS Education sessions are free to NYWBA members. Full and partial scholarships based on financial need are available. For info on the guidelines and to apply, contact Lavinia Cousin at lcousin@nawj.org.. All requests are confidential. NEW YORK UNEMPLOYED AND LOW INCOME ATTORNEYS New York attorneys who are unemployed, whether from private practice or public service, may request registration fee relief to attend education sessions (where food is not served). Complete this form and email it to lcousin@nawj.org with the session(s) you would like to attend and indicate that you are unemployed. New York attorneys with incomes below $50,000/year, whether employed in private practice or public service, may request a discount on the registration fees listed above between 50%-75%. Complete this form, indicate your yearly income and email it to lcousin@nawj.org. *CLE Credits are provided only for New York State: The New York Women's Bar Association is an accredited CLE provider. Approval of CLE credit is pending in accordance with the requirements of the NYS CLE Board for the above-listed credit hours for established attorneys and as transitional credit hours for newly admitted attorneys. 12:00 p.m.-4:00 p.m. NAWJ Board of Directors Meeting 4:30 p.m.-6:00 p.m. NAWJ Resource Board 6:00 p.m.-8:00 p.m. WELCOME RECEPTION at the BROOKLYN MARRIOTT Cheryl Wills, Author, Anchor, Spectrum News NY 1 Live at Ten and Host, "In Focus With Cheryl Wills" Hon. Alan Scheinkman, Presiding Justice, Supreme Court, Appellate Division,

the Hog Hollow trailhead. "Good timing," I said. "I'll just bomb down and meet you in a few minutes." Which I did. The Beginning of the Problem The Hammer had gotten maybe half a mile up the trail when I ran into her (not literally, because I'm an excellent cyclist). "I stashed some bottles of water and Gatorade under a bush right at the trailhead on my way home from work," she told me. "Perfect," I said. "I'll ride back and pick them up and then catch up with you." And then, over my shoulder as we headed in opposite directions, I shouted, "See you in a couple minutes." You can see where this is going, right? A quick downhill half mile or so brought me to where The Hammer had stashed the bottles. I had no idea how much she would want during her run, but figured it was better for me to carry too much than too little. So I filled one of the bottles in my cage with Gatorade, filled the other with water, and then stuck a third bottle water in a jersey pocket. It was a hot day (close to 80 degrees). More is better. Besides, the extra weight of all this fluid would turn this ride into more of a workout. I didn't hurry. I figured I'd be catching The Hammer in a couple minutes, and after that it would just be easy riding for me. A nice cool down after the intense solo ride I had just done on my own. Then I turned around and started back up Hog Hollow. At first, I went easy. I kept expecting to see her every time I rounded a corner. Surely she couldn't have gotten far, right? Then I started thinking. "Hey," I said to myself. "It's not like The Hammer stood still while I rode back to the trailhead and loaded up with supplies. She's put some distance on me since then. I need to hurry if I'm going to catch her before she gets to the top. How long had I spent filling bottles? Three minutes maybe? I wasn't hurrying, so maybe even four minutes. During that time, The Hammer would be on a rolling-to-mostly-flat section of the trail; she could have put half a mile on me, in addition to whatever time she had put on me while I was riding away from her to get to the supplies. So maybe by now she was a mile ahead of me. I started riding hard. Second Question I could feel as I rode that I was already kind of cooked, but pushed hard anyway, wanting to catch The Hammer as soon as possible. After all, I had told her I'd be riding beside her — a rolling, always-available aid station ready to give her drinks at a second's notice — not riding somewhere behind her, with all this food and drink doing her absolutely no good whatsoever. And then I started wondering: How far is it from the Hog Hollow trailhead to the saddle, exactly? Two miles? Three? 3.5? To my surprise, I really did not know. I've done this climb probably more than 100 times — maybe close to 200! — in my life, and did not know its distance. Regardless, though, I figured she had a mile head start on me, and it's not like she was standing still while I was riding. I started pushing harder (for what it's worth, I just used this post to find that the Hog Hollow climb is just under three miles). Third Question I kept expecting to get The Hammer in my sights. I kept continuing to not see her. I kept riding harder and harder. I laughed to myself — just in my head, because I was breathing too hard to laugh in real life, plus I hear it kind of looks crazy when a guy by himself starts laughing aloud for no apparent reason, not that I have any experience with that sort of thing. Somehow, the image I had in my head of me tooling along on my bike while The Hammer killed herself running had turned into a ride where I was on the threshold of finding out what Honey Stinger barf tastes like. And then a question occurred to me: was it possible that The Hammer was currently working toward the exact opposite goal of what I was working toward? Which is to say, was it possible she was trying her damnedest to keep me from catching her? As soon as that question occurred to me, I knew the answer: Definitely. I rode harder. No, just kidding. I was already going full tilt. One More Question I rode with everything I had, knowing that I had somehow been fooled into a bike-vs-foot race with The Hammer, and that she was winning. I passed the halfway point. She was not in sight. I passed the 3/4 mark. She was not in sight. I began to wonder if it was possible that The Hammer had made a wrong turn. Or had been kidnapped. Or had fallen into a ravine. Seriously, I briefly considered each of those possibilities. But never seriously. Because I knew the truth of the matter. And the truth of the matter was simple: She was busy kicking my butt. Which gave rise to a serious question, which I began to ponder the rest of the climb up Hog Hollow, even as I strained my eyes hopefully, looking for a neon-yellow pair of shorts that simply refused to appear: How much — if any! — faster is a mountain bike than a runner, when climbing a steep trail? I got to the top of Hog Hollow. Beaten, in more ways than one. But I had not caught her yet, so I kept riding, hard. I pounded away to the top of Clark's trail, where three different trails converge, all headed down from there. I looked down each, trying to see her. And there, running down Brock's, was The Hammer. Finally. Maybe 200 feet ahead. And since it was downhill, it took just a few seconds to make up that distance. "You caught me!" said The Hammer. "You," I replied, "are a badass." Review: The Enlightened Cyclist, by Bike Snob NYC 04.23.2012 | 12:49 pm Today, I'm reviewing Eben Weiss's new book, The Enlightened Cyclist. Before I begin, though, I should point out — in the interest of full disclosure and revealing biases and whatnot — that I think of Eben Weiss — aka Bike Snob NYC — as a friend. I've met him in person, exchanged email with him a number of times, and have gotten a lot of help from him in fundraising. Plus, I've made it pretty clear that I like his blog. However, he didn't give me a free copy of his new book; I had to buy it retail, just like everyone else. So that kind of balances things out, right? In any event, I read Bike Snob's book not just because I like him. I read it because he's an important voice in the cycling community. And especially in the cycling blog community. And doubly especially in the cycling comedy blog community, in which I have a passing interest. Anyway, I read his book, and now I'm going to review it. And I'm going to do my best to be fair. I want to make a general observation about The Enlightened Cyclist before I dig into specifics. This is the book that reveals that Eben Weiss isn't just a good blogger. He's a good writer. The thing is, those who love his blog for its style — a couple of paragraphs, a photo, a couple more paragraphs joking about the photo, another paragraph, a photo, repeated and meandering 'til he ties it together at the end of the post — might be a little surprised. Instead of reacting to cycling culture the way

You seemed like you were in such a hurry last time I saw you." "What's going on? Didn't you just come running through here with a big paintbrush? And now you've got that heavy device on your back... Strange..." "You want to try climbing on the ropes? It's easy! Never fear! Just get up there and bounce around. You'll be fine." "There's a trail here that connects to the Big Windmill. The goop made it too dangerous, so the door's been closed. You might be able to get through at the waterwheel up ahead." "Windmills are big spinning things that use wind power. Waterwheels are big spinning thins that use water power. And all of them will spin faster if you give them a good squirting!" "D'you need something, mustache-man?" "You! You're the guy who's been writing all over the village! You might have fooled the others, but I see right through you! Get out there and clean that mess up, you mustachioed punk!" "That's a nice little squirt-tank you got there, sonny! Why don't you water the flowers a bit? They sure need it!" "It's too dangerous past this point! None shall pass!" "From here on, things get really dangerous! So, no more fooling around!" "Whuzzah!? Whozat?! What're you doing over here? You're getting a little ahead of yourself, don't you think? Isn't there something else you should do before coming here?" Down with Petey Piranha![edit] "There was a pretty big tremor a moment ago, wasn't there? I wonder what's going on on the other side of that hill..." "I wonder if all that slime is gone yet..." "People who jump in this river go PLOOSH! And sometimes PLISH! I know, because I've been standing here watching all day long." "Now, look at that! I wonder who broke the gate? I do NOT approve of that!" "The goop's taken care of, but now, that big windmill's in trouble..." "I just want our peaceful village back to normal!" "Hey, mister, you're all wet from playing in the water! Ha ha ha!" "Hey, mustache-dude... You think I could borrow that funky squirter of yours?" "Sorry to do this, but NO ONE BEYOND THIS POINT!" "You won't like this, but NO ONE BEYOND THIS POINT!" "Could you help out with the big-headed creature up there? You're the only one we can ask to lend us a hand. I know it's a pain, but...you think you can handle it?" The Hillside Cave Secret[edit] "The goop's all gone, and this place is clean again! Now, if we can just get the tourists to come back..." "Something's wrong... My women's intuition must be warning me..." "Some awful goop fell out of the sky a while ago. It was nasty!" "Say... Do you know anything about the Hillside Cave? You can see it from the path that leads to the Big Windmill. As you go up the hill, look right before you reach the bridge. Anyway, I was hanging out near the entrance the other day... Suddenly, this weird-looking guy ran after me! I took off quick! I saw him bust the cave gate open and vanish inside. Yikes!" "Even if your clothes get wet, the sun will dry 'em out quick! Ha!" "Hey, mustache-man! You're funny looking! ...But kinda cool, too." "Lately, I've been seeing a lot of weird creatures around here." "Are you the mustachioed guy I've been hearing about?" "I heard awful noises in the Hillside Cave on the far shore... What were they? I'm scared..." "This is the Cliff Spring Cave. Sorry, but no one's allowed to go in." "You can see the Hillside Cave over there, right? A guy came out all covered in goop and ran under the bridge. I wonder if something bad was after him... How disturbing." "I came here to tour the Big Windmill... ...and I've got to say, it's spectacular!" Red Coins of Windmill Village[edit] "You know, you're the one person who visits me over and over..." "I was worried, but now, I figure things can't get much worse." "There are red coins all over the place, aren't there? Weird." "I can think much better when I'm alone. I used to go to the Hillside Cave for a good think... But now, it's just too scary!" "Poinks get all full of water and then they go BOOM! Hee hee!" "Water-filled balloon bombs, huh? Sounds good to me!" "I can't believe anyone out there does bad things for no reason." "I'd much rather get fruit than coins! Know what I mean?" "What, are you some kind of coin collector? Neat!" "This is the Cliff Spring Cave. You know the drill... NO ONE BEYOND THIS POINT!" "I heard something had happened here, so I came to check it out... But there's nothing to see...except for some filth I fell into!" "I guess you like climbing up to high places, too? I know the feeling..." Petey Piranha Strikes Back[edit] "Oh! Oh! How horrible! I thought we were done with this stuff! I don't even want to open my eyes to see all the slime!" "Oh no! That creature appeared again and messed everything up! There was goop going this way, and slime going that way... I think he fell asleep up on the heights to the north of town..." "I saw a monster with a super king-sized noggin! It was huge! There's no way that thing was natural!" "Bianco Hills is a rather interesting place, huh? We have falling goop and all sorts of other oddities!" "Hey! I saw it! It's that big-headed thing from the Big Windmill! It's back!" "This is the Cliff Spring Cave. Must I say it? NO ONE BEYOND THIS POINT!" "Boy, I looked up and saw this dirty thing fly in from the port! I found a nice place to hide, though. I can relax here..." "Look! I think the big-headed monster is sleeping over there. If it wakes up, it'll probably go on another rampage! Can't we just get rid of it while it's snoozing? We just need something to bonk it with..." Secret of the Dirty Lake[edit] "I thought we had all this cleaned up, and now this! What in the world is going on in this village?" "You know, you've really done so much for us, but I wonder... Will even you be able to deal with this nastiness?" "Aww, the lake's all goopy!" "You know the Cliff Spring Cave on the far end of the lake? Some nasty ooze came spilling out of it with no warning at all! Now, our beautiful lake is contaminated. It's so yucky!" "You know, I've never seen the lake like this before!" "If that lake stays like this, the town is done for..." "We're playing hide-and-seek! I wonder where my kid sister is hiding..." "Now, this is just too much..." "He'll never find me here, right? Don't tell my brother! Hee hee!" "Since the lake's been like this, the leaf boats have all rotted. They fall apart when you get on them now. That's...not good." "Nothing this dirty could ever get back to normal..." "Now, this is just a spectacular view!" Shadow Mario on the Loose[edit] "Hey...do you have a twin or something?" "Hey, didn't I just see you go bounding past here?" "There's some weird guy wandering around town! Do you think HE has anything to do with the missing kids?" "I don't think those kids would have gone anywhere dangerous... ...but that weird guy who's been running around worries me." "What's all the hubbub here? Is something bad happening?" "I guess there are worse things than goop on your head... Getting goop down your pants would be much grosser." "I can't get out of here! Boo-hoo! Sniff!" "That's funny... I can't find my sister." "I'm looking for the kids, but I don't think they're around here..." "Hey, did you just run past here?" "This is the Cliff Spring Cave. It's open, so head on in!" "I'm glad I made it all the way up here... But now, my legs are shaky. I wonder if I can get down?" The Red Coins of the Lake[edit] "I was thinking that peace would finally return to the village... But with

Proposal / Offer Sec 2(a) Promise Agreement Sec 2(e) When one person signifies to another His willingness To do or to abstain from doing STUDY NOTES Mercantile Law ESSENTIALS MODULE-III STUDY NOTES Mercantile Law E-301 The Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Pakistan Question No 1:- What is contract? Give the meaning and definitions of a contract. Also state UNIT 2 : CONSIDERATION 1.28 BUSINESS LAWS UNIT 2 : CONSIDERATION LEARNING OUTCOMES After studying this unit, you would be able to: Understand the concept of consideration, its importance for a contract and its double aspect. Chapter 2:- Offer and Acceptance 2.1 Definition And Essential Elements Of A VALID OFFER 1. The term 'offer or proposal' in legal terms, is defined in (a) Section 2 (a) (b) Section 2 (b) (c) Section 2 (i) CA-CPT MERCANTILE LAWS BY CA. ARVIND SINGHAL CA-CPT MERCANTILE LAWS BY CA. ARVIND SINGHAL P a g e 1 PART A INDIAN ACT, 1872 1. NATURE OF 2. OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE 3. CONSIDERATION 4. CAPACITY OF THE PARTIES 5. FREE CONSENT 6. LAWFUL CONSIDERATION AND 1 Contract Act : Basic Concepts Star Rating On the basis of Maximum marks from a chapter On the basis of Questions included every year from a chapter On the basis of Compulsory questions from a chapter Nil Nil Nil 1 Contract Act : Basic TITLE 7 CONTRACTS TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE 7 CONTRACTS TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 7.01 General Provisions 7.0101 Definition 1 7.0102 Essential elements of a contract 1 7.0103 Law of place applied to contracts 1 7.0104 Time of performance 1 THIS CHAPTER COMPRISES OF Star Rating On the basis of Maximum marks from a chapter On the basis of Questions included every year from a chapter On the basis of Compulsory questions from a chapter CHAPTER Nil Nil 1 THIS CHAPTER CONTRACT LAW. Elements of a Contract CONTRACT LAW Contracts: Types and Sources in Australia CONTRACT: An agreement concerning promises made between two or more parties with the intention of creating certain legal rights and obligations upon Subject: BUSINESS LAW Credits: 4 SYLLABUS ? Business Law Subject: BUSINESS LAW Credits: 4 SYLLABUS General Law of Contract Offer and Acceptance, Capacity of Parties, Free Consent, Essentials of a Contract, Void Agreements and Contingent Agreements, LAW OF CONTRACT (PART I) Shanila H. Gunawardena LL.B. (Hons.) (Colombo) Attorney-at-Law, CTA (CASL) LAW OF CONTRACT (PART I) Shanila H. Gunawardena LL.B. (Hons.) (Colombo) Attorney-at-Law, CTA (CASL) 30-07-2017 MAIN COMPONENTS OF A CONTRACT 1. Intention to create legal relations 2. Agreement between 1 The Indian Contract Act, 1872 What is a contract? Question 1 Define Contract? UNIT 1: BACKGROUND An agreement which is legally enforceable is a contract. Agreements which are not legally enforceable CONTRACT. 1. DEFINITION 2.1 Books 2.2 Decided Cases. 2. CONCEPT 3.1 Freedom 3.2 Certainty Of Contract CONTRACT LAW 1. DEFINITION 2.1 Books 2.2 Decided Cases CONTRACT 2. CONCEPT 3.1 Freedom 3.2 Certainty Of Contract 3. Types Of Contract 4.1 Unilateral 4.2 Bilateral 4.3 Collateral 4. ELEMENT OF CONTRACT Chapter 9: Contract Formation. Copyright 2009 South-Western Legal Studies in Business, a part of South-Western Cengage Learning. Chapter 9: Contract Formation a Copyright part of South-Western 2009 South-Western Cengage Legal Learning. Studies Business, Introduction is a declaration that something will or will not happen in the UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA 2 (USEFUL FOR UNION AND STATE CIVIL SERVICES, JUDICIAL SERVICES AND OTHER EQUIVALENT EXAMS.) Including Objective Questions with Explanations By Abhinav Misra UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA 2 Publishers Publishers BUSINESS LAW. Commercial Law : Business Law BUSINESS LAW Commercial Law : Business Law Indian Contract Act 1872 : Meaning and essentials of a valid contract Formation of contract Performance of contract Termination and discharge of contract Remedies Law of Contracts. Determining Contractual Intent. Offer. 6 Elements of Legally Enforceable Contracts 6 Elements of Legally Enforceable Contracts Law of Contracts 1. Offer and Acceptance 2. Genuine Assent 3. Legal Purpose Business Law Chapters 6-11 4. Consideration (Exchange of value) 5. Capacity to Contract INDIAN CONTRACT ACT, 1872 PRELIMINARY INDIAN CONTRACT ACT, 1872 PRELIMINARY 1. Short title This Act may be called be the Indian Contract Act, 1872. Extent, commencement - It extends to the whole of except the State of Jammu and Kashmir; and SHRIMATI INDIRA GANDHI COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF BANK MANAGEMENT BUSINESS LAW SECTION-A SHRIMATI INDIRA GANDHI COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF BANK MANAGEMENT BUSINESS LAW SECTION-A 1. What is law? A citizen may think as asset of rules, a lawyer may think as a vocation and a legislator may look a guide CA - IPCC COURSE MATERIAL CA - IPCC COURSE MATERIAL Quality Education beyond your imagination... INDIAN CONTRACT ACT_35e (NEW EDITION THOROUGHLY REVISED & UPDATED UPTO JULY 2016. APPLICABLE FOR NOV.2016 & MAY 2017 IPCC EXAMINATIONS. ASSIGNMENT SOLUTIONS GUIDE ( ) E.C.O.-5 N 1 ASSIGNMENT SOLUTIONS GUIDE (2015-2016) E.C.O.-5 Mercantile Law Disclaimer/Special Note: These are just the sample of the Answers/Solutions to some of the Questions given in the Assignments. These Sample CAPACITY TO CONTRACT Ss. 10 & 11 CAPACITY TO CONTRACT Ss. 10 & 11 CAPACITY TO CONTRACT S. 10 requires that the parties shall be competent to contract. S. 11. Who are competent to contract.- Every person is competent to contract who is Unit 1 Legal Aspects of Business: Law of Contract. Learning Objectives. Legal Aspects of Business: Law of Contract Unit 1 Law of Contract Learning Objectives After completion of the unit, you should be able to: Explain the meaning, essentials and classification of contracts. Describe the eligibility for capacity to LAW OF CONTRACT (PART II) Shanila H. Gunawardena LL.B. (Hons.) (Colombo) Attorney-at-Law, CTA (CASL) LAW OF CONTRACT (PART II) Shanila H. Gunawardena LL.B. (Hons.) (Colombo) Attorney-at-Law, CTA (CASL) 06-08-2017 (2) AGREEMENT BETWEEN PARTIES -ACCEPTANCE- Postal Rule on Acceptance (2) AGREEMENT BETWEEN All BATCHES DATE: (B-2, P-1) MAXIMUM MARKS: 60 TIMING: 2 Hours All BATCHES DATE: 22.07.2018 (B-2, P-1) MAXIMUM MARKS: 60 TIMING: 2 Hours PAPER 1: BUSINESS LAW All Questions is compulsory. Answer 1: (a) Incorrect. In accordance with the provisions of the Indian Contract PRINCIPLES OF CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY 1.1. AGREEMENT TEMPLATE: CERTAINTY TEMPLATE:... Error! Bookmark not defined. PRINCIPLES OF CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY 1. FORMATION OF CONTRACT:... 2 1.1. AGREEMENT TEMPLATE:... 2 1.2. CAPACITY TEMPLATE:... = Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.3. INTENTION TEMPLATE: (objective test)... Error! Class B.Com. I Sem. SYLLABUS. Subject Business Law SYLLABUS Class B.Com. I Sem. UNIT I UNIT II Subject Business Law Indian Contract Act 1872- Definitions, Nature of Contract, Offer & Acceptance, Capacity of Parties to Contract, Free Consent and Consideration, CONTRACT LAW SUMMARY CONTRACT LAW SUMMARY LAWSKOOL UK CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO CONTRACT LAW 6 DEFINITION OF CONTRACT LAW 6 1) The Classical Model of Contract Law 6 INTENTION TO CREATE LEGAL RELATIONS 8 INTRODUCTION TO INTENTION ASSIGNMENT SOLUTIONS GUIDE ( ) E.S.O.-5 1 ASSIGMET SOLUTIOS GUIDE (2016-2017) E.S.O.-5 Mercantile Law Disclaimer/Special ote: These are just the sample of the Answers/Solutions to some of the Questions given in the Assignments. These Sample OVERVIEW OF CONTRACT LAW OVERVIEW OF CONTRACT LAW Liability is generally the key issue in regards to contractual disputes. Purpose of K law is to provide the rules which determine when one party is liable to another under or in LegalCrystal Indian Law Search Engine ( Source : https://www.legalcrystal.com/act/14326/ LegalCrystal Indian Law Search Engine ( www.legalcrystal.com) Source : https://www.legalcrystal.com/act/14326/ Indian Contract Act, 1872 Chapter 2 Of Contracts, Voidable Contracts and Void Agreements All Business Law & Ethics notes Lec Lecture topic Topic s covered Text book refs. constitution expansion of power interpreting power Business Law & Ethics notes Lec Lecture topic Topic s covered Text book refs 1 law, morality and philosophical views of ch 1 meaning of eithics law 2 the source of laws governing constitution expansion Contracts Professor Keith A. Rowley William S. Boyd School of Law University of Nevada Las Vegas Spring Contract Formation Contracts Professor Keith A. Rowley William S. Boyd School of Law University of Nevada Las Vegas Contract Formation I. Foundations A. Mutual Assent: Each party to a contract manifests its assent to the THE CONTRACT ACT, 1872 CONTENTS SECTIONS PRELIMINARY CHAPTER I OF THE COMMUNICATION, ACCEPTANCE AND REVOCATION OF PROPOSALS THE

Parallel and Distributed Computing, pp. 92-104. June 2018. [pdf] Computing connected components is an important graph algorithm that is used, for example, in medicine, image processing, and biochemistry. This paper presents a fast connected-components implementation for GPUs called ECL-CC. It builds upon the best features of prior algorithms and augments them with GPU-specific optimizations. For example, it incorporates a parallelism-friendly version of pointer jumping to speed up union-find operations and uses various compute kernels to exploit the multiple levels of hardware parallelism. The resulting CUDA code is asynchronous, lock free, and employs load balancing. It is 1.8 times faster on average than the fastest prior GPU implementation running on a Titan X and also faster on most of the 18 real-world and synthetic graphs we tested. DCC'18 Steven Claggett, Sahar Azimi, and Martin Burtscher. SPDP: An Automatically Synthesized Lossless Compression Algorithm for Floating-Point Data. Proceedings of the 2018 Data Compression Conference, pp. 337-346. March 2018. [pdf] Scientific computing produces, transfers, and stores massive amounts of single- and double-precision floating-point data, making this a domain that can greatly benefit from data compression. To gain insight into what makes an effective lossless compression algorithm for such data, we generated over nine million algorithms and selected the one that yields the highest compression ratio on 26 datasets. The resulting algorithm, called SPDP, comprises four data transformations that operate exclusively at word or byte granularity. Nevertheless, SPDP delivers the highest compression ratio on eleven datasets and, on average, outperforms all but one of the seven compared compressors. An analysis of SPDP's internals reveals how to build effective compression algorithms for scientific data. ASPLOS'18 Sepideh Maleki and Martin Burtscher. Automatic Hierarchical Parallelization of Linear Recurrences. Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pp. 128-138. March 2018. [pdf] Linear recurrences encompass many fundamental computations including prefix sums and digital filters. Later result values depend on earlier result values in recurrences, making it a challenge to compute them in parallel. We present a new work- and space-efficient algorithm to compute linear recurrences that is amenable to automatic parallelization and suitable for hierarchical massively-parallel architectures such as GPUs. We implemented our approach in a domain-specific code generator that emits optimized CUDA code. Our evaluation shows that, for standard prefix sums and single-stage IIR filters, the generated code reaches the throughput of memory copy for large inputs, which cannot be surpassed. On higher-order prefix sums, it performs nearly as well as the fastest handwritten code from the literature. On tuple-based prefix sums and 1D digital filters, our automatically parallelized code outperforms the fastest prior implementations. ACCN'17 Armen Dzhagaryan, Aleksandar Milenkovic, and Martin Burtscher. Improving the Effectiveness of Data Transfers in Mobile Computing Using Lossless Compression Utilities. Chapter 7 in Advances in Computer Communications and Networks, pp. 181-221. February 2017. [pdf] The data traffic originating on mobile computing devices has been growing exponentially over the last several years. Lossless data compression can increase communication throughput, reduce latency, save energy, and increase available storage. However, compression introduces additional overhead that may exceed any gains due to transferring or storing fewer bytes. Compression utilities on mobile computing platforms differ in compression ratio, compression and decompression speeds, and energy requirements. When transferring data, we would like to have an agent to determine whether compressed transfers are beneficial, and if so, select the most beneficial compression utility. A first step toward designing such an agent is to obtain a good understanding of various parameters impacting data transfers. This chapter presents results from an experimental study that evaluates the effectiveness of several compression utilities on a modern smartphone in three typical usage scenarios that involve local and network transfers. We define several metrics that capture the effectiveness of uncompressed and compressed data transfers and provide practical guidelines for selecting the most effective utilities and configurations for each usage scenario. We also introduce an analytical framework for estimating the effectiveness of various compression utilities in transferring mobile data. Martin Burtscher, Farbod Hesaaraki, Hari Mukka, and Annie Yang. Real-Time Synthesis of Compression Algorithms for Scientific Data. Proceedings of the 2016 ACM/IEEE International Conference for High-Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, pp. 264-275. November 2016. [pdf] Many scientific programs produce large amounts of floating-point data that are saved for later use. To minimize the storage requirement, it is worthwhile to compress such data as much as possible. However, existing algorithms tend to compress floating-point data relatively poorly. As a remedy, we have developed FPcrush, a tool that automatically synthesizes an optimized compressor for each given input. The synthesized algorithms are lossless and parallelized using OpenMP. This paper describes how FPcrush is able to perform this synthesis in real-time, i.e., even when accounting for the synthesis overhead, it compresses the 16 tested real-world single- and double-precision data files more quickly than parallel bzip2. Decompression is an order of magnitude faster and exceeds the throughput of multicore implementations of bzip2, gzip, and FPC. On all but two of the tested files, as well as on average, the customized algorithms deliver higher compression ratios than the other three tools. AGRP'16 Jared Coplin and Martin Burtscher. Energy and Power Considerations of GPUs. Chapter 19 in Advances in GPU Research and Practice, pp. 509-541. September 2016. [pdf] Annie Yang, Jared Coplin, Hari Mukka, Farbod Hesaaraki, and Martin Burtscher. MPC: An Effective Floating-Point Compression Algorithm for GPUs. Chapter 13 in Advances in GPU Research and Practice, pp. 327-347. September 2016. [pdf] SPACE'16 Jared Coplin, Annie Yang, Andrew Poppe, and Martin Burtscher. Increasing Telemetry Throughput Using Customized and Adaptive Data Compression. Proceedings of the AIAA SPACE and Astronautics Forum and Exposition (10 pages). September 2016. [pdf] Due to the increasing generation of massive amounts of data by space-based instruments, it has become a challenge to transmit even a fraction of a typical spacecraft data volume back to Earth in a feasible amount of time. Thus, improvements in the ability to losslessly compress data on-board before transmission represent an important method of increasing overall data return rates. We describe a custom methodology for compressing spacecraft data on-board that provides significant improvements in both compression ratio and speed. We have used data returned by the five-probe THEMIS/ARTEMIS constellation to quantify the compression ratio and compression speed improvements over a variety of data types (e.g., time-series and particle data). Our approach results in a 38% improvement in compression ratio and up to a three-fold improvement in compression throughput and energy efficiency. We argue that such methods should be adopted by future space missions to maximize the data return to Earth, thus enabling greater insight and scientific discovery. PLDI'16 Sepideh Maleki, Annie Yang, and Martin Burtscher. Higher-Order and Tuple-Based Massively-Parallel Prefix Sums. Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, pp. 539-552. June 2016. [pdf] Prefix sums are an important parallel primitive, especially in massively-parallel programs. This paper discusses two orthogonal generalizations thereof, which we call higher-order and tuple-based prefix sums. Moreover, it describes and evaluates SAM, a GPU-friendly algorithm for computing prefix sums and other scans that directly supports higher orders and tuple values. Its templated CUDA implementation unifies all of these computations in a single 100-statement kernel. SAM is communication-efficient in the sense that it minimizes main-memory accesses. When computing prefix sums of a million or more values, it outperforms Thrust and CUDPP on both a Titan X and a K40 GPU. On the Titan X, SAM reaches memory-copy speeds for large input sizes, which cannot be surpassed. SAM outperforms CUB, the currently fastest conventional prefix sum implementation, by up to a factor of 2.9 on eighth-order prefix sums and by up to a factor of 2.6 on eight-tuple prefix sums. HPPAC'16 Jared Coplin and Martin Burtscher. Energy, Power, and Performance Characterization of GPGPU Benchmark Programs. Proceedings of the Twelfth Workshop on High-Performance, Power-Aware Computing (10 pages).

would require a separation of our concepts of causal production and causal necessitation. The most conspicuous cases of causation are those where powers accumulate and pass a requisite threshold for an effect to occur. We develop a model for representing powers as constituent vectors within an n-dimensional quality space, where composition of causes appears as vector addition. Even our resultant vector, however, has to be understood as having dispositional force only. This model throws new light on causal modality and cases of prevention, causation by absence and probabilistic causation. Comment: This would be useful in a course on metaphysics, philosophy of science, or any course in which philosophical accounts of causation are relevant. This paper has the benefit of being both clear and non-technical, and being quite cutting-edge. Suitable for undergraduates of all levels. Anjum, Rani Lill, Stephen Mumford. Causation: A Very Short Introduction 2013, Oxford University Press. Categories: Metaphysics, Metaphysics & Epistemology, Theories of Causation Keywords: causation, metaphysics, philosophy of science Publisher's Note: Causation is the most fundamental connection in the universe. Without it, there would be no science or technology. There would be no moral responsibility either, as none of our thoughts would be connected with our actions and none of our actions with any consequences. Nor would we have a system of law because blame resides only in someone having caused injury or damage. Any intervention we make in the world around us is premised on there being causal connections that are, to a degree, predictable. It is causation that is at the basis of prediction and also explanation. This Very Short Introduction introduces the key theories of causation and also the surrounding debates and controversies. Do causes produce their effects by guaranteeing them? Do causes have to precede their effects? Can causation be reduced to the forces of physics? And are we right to think of causation as one single thing at all? Comment: This would be a useful introductory text in a course on metaphysics, philosophy of science, or any course in which philosophical accounts of causation are relevant. Individual chapters could be used as primers for separate topics as well as the book as a whole. Suitable for undergraduates of all levels. Recommended use: Introductory reading with a useful overview Anne Conway. Selections from the Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy 1994, in Margaret Atherton (ed.) Women Philosophers of the Early Modern Period. Hackett Publishing Company. [originally written 1677] Categories: 17th/18th Century Philosophy, Anne Conway, Cambridge Platonism, Christianity, Divine Attributes, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, History of Western Philosophy, Metaphysics, Metaphysics & Epistemology, Ontology, Philosophy of Religion Keywords: God, dualism, early modern philosophy, metaphysics, time Added by: Alison Stone Abstract: After the SEP: Anne Conway's treatise is a work of Platonist metaphysics in which she derives her system of philosophy from the existence and attributes of God. The framework of Conway's system is a tripartite ontological hierarchy of 'species', the highest of which is God, the source of all being. Christ, or 'middle nature', links God and the third species, called 'Creature'. [...] Anne Conway denies the existence of material body as such, arguing that inert corporeal substance would contradict the nature of God, who is life itself. Incorporeal created substance is, however, differentiated from the divine, principally on account of its mutability and multiplicity even so, the infinite number and constant mutability of created monads constitute an obverse reflection of the unity, infinity, eternity and unchangeableness of God. The continuum between God and creatures is made possible through 'middle nature', an intermediary being, through which God communicates life, action, goodness and justice. [...] The spiritual perfectionism of Anne Conway's system has dual aspect: metaphysical and moral. On the one hand all things are capable of becoming more spirit-like, that is, more refined qua spiritual substance. At the same time, all things are capable of increased goodness. She explains evil as a falling away from the perfection of God, and understands suffering as part of a longer term process of spiritual recovery. She denies the eternity of hell, since for God to punish finite wrong-doing with infinite and eternal hell punishment would be manifestly unjust and therefore a contradiction of the divine nature. Instead she explains pain and suffering as purgative, with the ultimate aim of restoring creatures to moral and metaphysical perfection. Anne Conway's system is thus not just an ontology and but a theodicy. Comment: This chapter could be used in a history of philosophy course as one week's reading. The author has a metaphysics that is often seen to anticipate that of Leibniz so one could, e.g., include a week on Conway in advance of a week or two (or three) on Leibniz. Recommended use: Specialised Balog, Katalin. Conceivability, possibility, and the mind-body problem 1999, Philosophical Review 108 (4):497-528. Categories: Consciousness and Materialism, Dualism, Metaphysics, Metaphysics & Epistemology, Mind-Body Problem, Ontology, Phenomenal Concepts, Philosophy of Mind, Physicalism, Qualia, Qualia and Materialism, Zombies and the Conceivability Argument Keywords: conceivability, consciousness, dualism, metaphysics, mind/body problem, physicalism, possibility Added by: Clotilde Torregrossa, Contributed by: Simon Fokt Abstract: This paper was chosen by The Philosopher's Annual as one of the ten best articles appearing in print in 2000. Reprinted in Volume XXIII of The Philosopher's Annual. In his very influential book David Chalmers argues that if physicalism is true then every positive truth is a priori entailed by the full physical description - this is called 'the a priori entailment thesis - but ascriptions of phenomenal consciousness are not so entailed and he concludes that Physicalism is false. As he puts it, 'zombies' are metaphysically possible. I attempt to show that this argument is refuted by considering an analogous argument in the mouth of a zombie. The conclusion of this argument is false so one of the premises is false. I argue at length that this shows that the original conceivability argument also has a false premise and so is invalid. Barnes, Elizabeth, Ross Cameron. Back to the Open Future 2011, Philosophical Perspectives 25(1): 1-26. Categories: Determinism, Free Will, Metaphysics, Metaphysics & Epistemology, Philosophy of Action, Temporal Ontology, The Open Future, Time Keywords: branching time, indeterminacy, metaphysics, modality, philosophy of time Added by: Emily Paul Abstract: Many of us are tempted by the thought that the future is open, whereas the past is not. The future might unfold one way, or it might unfold another; but the past, having occurred, is now settled. In previous work we presented an account of what openness consists in: roughly, that the openness of the future is a matter of it being metaphysically indeterminate how things will turn out to be. We were previously concerned merely with presenting the view and exploring its consequences; we did not attempt to argue for it over rival accounts. That is what we will aim to do in this paper. Comment: This could be set as a further reading, with the authors' 'The Open Future: Bivalence, Determinism, and Ontology' as a core. Difficulty: Intermediate-Advanced Recommended use: Further Barnes, Elizabeth. Going Beyond the Fundamental: Feminism in Contemporary Metaphysics 2014, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 114 (3pt3):335-351 Categories: Feminist Metaphysics, Metaphysics, Metaphysics & Epistemology, Ontology, Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality, Value Theory Keywords: feminisit metaphysics, fundamentality, metametaphysics, metaphysics Added by: Simon Fokt, Contributed by: Alison Fernandes Abstract: Much recent literature in metaphysics attempts to answer the question, 'What is metaphysics?' In this paper I argue that many of the most influential contemporary answers to this question yield the result that feminist metaphysics is not metaphysics. I further argue this result is problematic. Comment: Useful for raising questions about the scope of metaphysics, issues to do with fundamentality, as well as the relation between feminism and metaphysics. I'm using it at the end of a survey course to raise questions about the purpose of metaphysics. Barnes, Elizabeth, Ross Cameron. The Open Future: Bivalence, Determinism, and Ontology 2009, Philosophical Studies 146(2): 291-309. Keywords: determinism, metaphysics, philosophy of

animals: a case study with the domestic cat. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 94(1), 117-131. For many animal species that are difficult to access, the behaviour of free-ranging individuals cannot be assessed by direct observation. In order to remedy this, we developed a new technique using a motion detector (acceleration data-logger) for monitoring the activity and behaviour of free-ranging vertebrates and tested its efficiency on a domestic cat, Felis catus. A total of 3615 min of surging acceleration was measured along the longitudinal body axis of an adult male cat. The cat's behaviour was also filmed for 113 min, these video data being used to correlate the logger's signals with the cat's behaviour. Acceleration data-loggers attached on the cat's collar recorded acceleration signals which were influenced by both the gravitational acceleration resulting from the body posture and the dynamic acceleration resulting from the dynamic behaviour of the cat. By applying spectral analysis based on a fast Fourier Transform to acceleration signals, body postures and some of the dynamic behaviours of the cat such as drinking, eating, and several paces of travelling were efficiently determined. The present study shows that acceleration data-loggers represent a useful and reliable system for accurately recording the activities and detail behaviours of the terrestrial animals. Labels: 2005, behaviour, cats, monitoring, pet Exposure of jaguars to several domestic animal borne parasites Onuma, S. S. M., Melo, A. L. T., Kantek, D. L. Z., Crawshaw-Junior, P. G., Morato, R. G., May-Júnior, J. A., Pacheco T. dos A. & de Aguiar, D. M. 2014. Exposure of free-living jaguars to Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis neurona in the Brazilian Pantanal. Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis neurona are related apicomplexan parasites that cause reproductive and neurological disorders in a wide range of domestic and wild animals. In the present study, the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was used to investigate the presence of antibodies against T. gondii, N. caninum and S. neurona in the sera of 11 free-living jaguars (Panthera onca) in two protected areas in the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Ten jaguars (90.9%) showed seropositivity for T. gondii, eight (72.7%) for S. neurona, and seven (63.6%) for N. caninum antigens. Our findings reveal exposure of jaguars to these related coccidian parasites and circulation of these pathogens in this wild ecosystem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first serological detection of N. caninum and S. neurona in free-living jaguars. Labels: 2014, Brazil, cats, dogs, Parasites, South America, zoonosis The Challenges of Feral Cat Management Hendrickson, J.L. 2014 The Challenges of Feral Cat Management: A Case Study on Population Control Methods. School of Education. Paper 51. This project examines the impact of feral cats through a study of positive and negative effects on the environment, our communities, and people; while looking into the variety of population control methods being used. The research was accomplished with the use of a questionnaire designed to determine what population control methods are currently being used and what are the biggest concerns in regards to feral cats in the Minneapolis-St Paul area. This Capstone challenges the argument that there is only one solution to control feral cat populations and research shows more collaborative work should be done in order to see a significant change in feral cat populations. Labels: 2014, cats, control, feral, human attitude Simulating free-roaming cat population management options in open demographic environments Miller, P. S., Boone, J. D., Briggs, J. R., Lawler, D. F., Levy, J. K., Nutter, F. B., Margaret Slater, M. & Zawistowski, S. (2014). Simulating Free-Roaming Cat Population Management Options in Open Demographic Environments. PloS one, 9(11), e113553. Large populations of free-roaming cats (FRCs) generate ongoing concerns for welfare of both individual animals and populations, for human public health, for viability of native wildlife populations, and for local ecological damage. Managing FRC populations is a complex task, without universal agreement on best practices. Previous analyses that use simulation modeling tools to evaluate alternative management methods have focused on relative efficacy of removal (or trap-return, TR), typically involving euthanasia, and sterilization (or trap-neuter-return, TNR) in demographically isolated populations. We used a stochastic demographic simulation approach to evaluate removal, permanent sterilization, and two postulated methods of temporary contraception for FRC population management. Our models include demographic connectivity to neighboring untreated cat populations through natural dispersal in a metapopulation context across urban and rural landscapes, and also feature abandonment of owned animals. Within population type, a given implementation rate of the TR strategy results in the most rapid rate of population decline and (when populations are isolated) the highest probability of population elimination, followed in order of decreasing efficacy by equivalent rates of implementation of TNR and temporary contraception. Even low levels of demographic connectivity significantly reduce the effectiveness of any management intervention, and continued abandonment is similarly problematic. This is the first demographic simulation analysis to consider the use of temporary contraception and account for the realities of FRC dispersal and owned cat abandonment. Labels: 2014, cats, demography, feral, model, stray Participatory approach to control free roaming dogs Schurer, J. M., Phipps, K., Okemow, C., Beatch, H., & Jenkins, E. (2014). Stabilizing Dog Populations and Improving Animal and Public Health Through a Participatory Approach in Indigenous Communities. Zoonoses and Public Health. Free-roaming dog populations are a global concern for animal and human health including transmission of infectious disease (e.g. rabies, distemper and parasites), dog bite injuries/mortalities, animal welfare and adverse effects on wildlife. In Saskatchewan (SK), Canada, veterinary care is difficult to access in the remote and sparsely inhabited northern half of the province, where the population is predominately Indigenous. Even where veterinary clinics are readily available, there are important barriers such as cost, lack of transportation, unique cultural perspectives on dog husbandry and perceived need for veterinary care. We report the effects of introducing a community action plan designed to improve animal and human health, increase animal health literacy and benefit community well-being in two Indigenous communities where a dog-related child fatality recently occurred. Initial door-to-door dog demographic surveys indicated that most dogs were sexually intact (92% of 382 dogs), and few had ever been vaccinated (6%) or dewormed (6%). Approximately three animal-related injuries requiring medical care were reported in the communities per 1000 persons per year (95% CL: 1.6–6.6), and approximately 83% of 101 environmentally collected dog faecal samples contained parasites, far above levels reported in other urban or rural settings in SK. Following two subsidized spay/neuter clinics and active rehoming of dogs, parasite levels in dog faeces decreased significantly (P < 0.001), and important changes were observed in the dog demographic profile. This project demonstrates the importance of engaging people using familiar, local resources and taking a community specific approach. As well, it highlights the value of integrated, cross-jurisdictional cooperation, utilizing the resources of university researchers, veterinary personnel, public health, environmental health and community-based advocates to work together to solve complex issues in One Health. On-going surveillance on dog bites, parasite levels and dog demographics are needed to measure the long-term sustainability of benefits to dog, human and wildlife health. Labels: 2014, Canada, dogs, health, human attitude, neutering, North America, responsible ownership, vaccination Reproductive behaviour of free-ranging rural dogs in West Bengal Pal, S. K. (2003). Reproductive behaviour of free-ranging rural dogs in West Bengal, India. Acta theriologica, 48(2), 271-281. Reproductive behaviour of free-ranging dogs Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 was studied in a village in the state of West Bengal, India. Increased synchronized breeding was the most striking feature of this study. October (late monsoon) represented the peak period of mating for the feral dogs. Of all courting males, only 41% were observed to mount and copulate. On average, each male mounted 5.47 ± 2.49 (mean ± SD) times per hour. Of all mountings, only 10% were successful matings, ie copulatory ties. There was a negative correlation

'BirthWrong' in the Cradle of Jewish Culture: Jews gather in southern Spain for tour that aims to repudiate Zionism Max Blumenthal on May 1, 2015 136 Comments (Photo: Jewdas) It started with a drunken idea a month after Israel's ground invasion of Gaza last summer. In a London pub, at a table filled with young leftist Jews, Lev Taylor's voice rose above the din: "What we need is Birthwrong!" When the laughter died down, the group fell into a serious discussion. Would it be possible to present a serious alternative to the Birthright Israel trip that has sent hundreds of thousands of young diaspora Jews through the pipeline of Zionist indoctrination? Before long, Taylor's joke had become an agenda. Organizers were setting out to southern Spain to scout out sites of Jewish history from Andalusia to the Spanish Civil War, and to make contacts within the local Jewish community. By the end of the year, the BirthWrong trip was born. "It was drunk consensus that has been propelled forward by a strong desire to drink sangria in Spain," Taylor joked. He continued: "We were frustrated that there was an institutionalized theater centering around Israel, a well funded beach holiday for teens that was a secret way to get youth to care about Israel. But we were like, we can do a drunken holiday too but we can have it in Spain where the diaspora happens. Ours isn't free but it will be fun, and there will be plenty of propagandizing and drinking too." Tonight, I'll join thirty people from around the world on the first installment of BirthWrong. The trip is open to all ages and religious backgrounds, including non-believers. Among the only regulations on the tour relates to Zionism — it is not welcome here. BirthWrong begins this May Day with a celebration of worker's solidarity and end the following day with Kabbalat Shabbat (the ritual inauguration of the sabbath) with Beit Ram Bam, a progressive Jewish group based in Andalusia. In Cordoba, we will explore the legacy of Maimonides, the Arabic-speaking Jewish polymath who corresponded with Ibn Rushd who drew heavily on the influence of Islamic philosophers like Ibn Rushd. On our way, we plant to stop in the village of Marinaleda, a self-proclaimed "communist utopia" that is, in fact, a model of communitarian stability and an outpost of resistance to austerity. BirthWrong will conclude with by touring Spanish Civil War sites and exploring the contribution of the Jewish fighters who comprised more than a quarter of international anti-fascist volunteers. The trip is the brainchild of a loosely knit band of left-wing British Jewish activists known as Jewdas whose history stretches back to a series of party-themed provocations and parodic demonstrations held around London in 2006. "The main obsessions of British Jews are defending the state of Israel and making Jewish babies. We aim to knock these idols down and reopen the debate on who owns Judaism, who has the right to speak for the Jewish community and who is a Jew – surely anyone committed to justice?" Jewdas member Joseph Finlay said at the time. "We're also trying to bring in a new sense of fun, playing with tradition rather than sanctifying it. Once Judaism is sacred, it is already dead." During Operation Cast Lead, the Israeli assault on Gaza in 2008-09, Jewdas sent out an email blast to thousands of contacts announcing on behalf of the Chief Rabbi of the Board of Deputies of British Jews the cancellation of a march in support of Israel's war effort. The impostor email urged Jews to speak up for peace and justice and reject Israeli miltarism. "People believed it was great," Finlay recalled. "They were happy to receive such a refreshing message." In the end, the grim pro-war march proceeded as planned and though at least one member of Jewdas was arrested for wrongful impersonation, none were prosecuted. (Image: Jewdas) Jewdas re-emerged during Israel's assault on the Gaza Strip last summer with a raucous public protest convened under the banner, "Haskalah, not Hasbara." As Israeli forces reduced Gaza's border areas to ash and ruin, Jewdas members crashed a British Zionist Federation meeting. "That was one of my favorite Jewdas moments in our history," Taylor recalled. "They were there to plan the community's response to the attack and they only wanted to talk about our relationship to Israel. We spaced ourselves out across the room and any time a speaker rattled off some tired Zionist talking point we groaned and disrupted them. They were so used to total consensus they just lost it — they had no idea what to do with us." The protest was complimented by an open letter to British Jewish community leaders demanding justice and reparations for Palestinians while disavowing any connection to Israel or Zionism. It concluded: "We affirm a Jewishness not tied to state violence. A diasporic Jewishness that welcomes critique and speaks truth to power. We refuse to be complicit in our words, in our actions, or in our silence, to the massacres perpetrated in our name." This March, Jewdas stole the show at a conference by BICOM — the UK's version of AIPAC — dedicated to "winning the communications battle." Annie Cohen and two other activists were tossed from the event by Community Security Trust (CST) officers when they handed out humorous cards for a game called "jingobingo," or Jewish nationalist bingo. As CST personnel dragged her out, Cohen belted out a stanzas from Daniel Kahn's Yiddish anthem, "Oh you foolish Zionists": You want to take us to Jerusalem So we can die as a nation We'd rather stay in the Diaspora And fight for our liberation Earlier that month, Jewdas had gathered in Clapton to protest a planned march by the National British Resistance. The far-right white nationalist group had called on its supporters to battle what it called "The Jewification of Great Britain" and "the ongoing Jewish Problem" by marching on the ultra-Orthodox enclave of Stamford Hill. Despite the fact that police attempted to contain them to a designated protest zone, Jewdas succeeded in blocking the white nationalists from reaching Stamford Hill. After the march, Jewdas's Taylor wondered about the inaction of the Zionist-dominated Jewish establishment. "Jewdas is the probably the only UK Jewish organization that's done anything around the far-right," he remarked to me. "Everyone else is concerned with Islamic anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism and we've had fascists coming to every area of London to intimidate Jews and all the mainstream [Jewish] groups tell us to just ignore them and they'll go away." This April 29, Jewdas organized an event at the New London Synagogue celebrating Arabic and Hebrew muwashahaat poetry from Andalusia. It was the send-off event for BirthWrong, the group's most ambitious endeavor to date. "This trip is about making a strong Jewishness that doesn't have fuck all to do with Israel," Lambeth explained. "This is a positive Jewish identity connection that I can get excited about that connects to where I live now and not this whole other place I have nothing to do with." "The people whose experience revolves around whether to go skiing or take a beach vacation in Eilat are the ones who have been setting the agenda for us," Taylor commented. "What BirthWrong represents is resetting the agenda back to social justice." I first learned about BirthWrong during a Yom Kippur fast breaking party Jewdas held last September. The trip seemed like the perfect way to repudiate a grim Jewish nationalist vision buttressed by the dual poles of Israel's ethnocracy and the phantasmagoria of Auschwitz. Not only did it offer a potential escape hatch from Zionism, it presented a real alternative by re-centering Jewish identity around a vibrant diaspora tradition. As Lambeth said, "The Talmud was written in the diaspora. Rashi is from the diaspora. Parts

How to Speak Canuck: An Essential Glossary of Canadian Terms February 4, 2015 by Catherine Forth Visitors to Canada might expect some communication barriers in this bilingual country if they aren't up on Quebecois French. However, some of the Canadian English lingo might throw you for a loop as well. With a rich cultural heritage and linguistic diversity, there are a number of words, terms and products that are uniquely Canuck. Even Canadians don't necessarily know these words aren't universally understood. Of course, there are generational and regional variations whether you're in PoCo, Cowtown, Toontown, The Jaw, The Peg, The Soo, The Big Smoke or on the Rock. Here are 22 Canadianisms as an essential glossary of Canadian terms – and there isn't a hockey word among them. 1. Homo Milk This one often draws giggles from visiting Americans. It just stands for whole homogenized milk, and its printed (in both French and English, of course) on most milk cartons and bags in the dairy aisle. Yes, bags. Milk is often packaged in plastic pouches that fit into pitchers. It's a lightweight, efficient packaging option found in Canada and parts of Europe, but not in the US. Photo: flickr.com 2. Double Double Tim Hortons is an institution in the Canadian coffee/donut realm. Just like there's a cultish insider vocabulary to use when ordering a cup of joe at Starbucks (grande, venti, skinny etc…), Timmy's has its own vernacular. For example, a "double double" is Canadian code for two creams, two sugars. Try ordering that south of the border and you will be met with furrowed brows of confusion. Vinay A Bavdekar / shutterstock.com 3. Cottaging While this word has a different meaning in Britain (anonymous gay sex hook-ups in public bathrooms), Canadians have simply turned their love of spending lazy days at the cottage into a verb. Making the most of the short summer season, many people invest in lake-side retreats to enjoy their weekends and holidays with friends and family. In other parts of Canada, these rustic to regal second homes may be referred to as cabins, chalets, bungalows or camps. But in Ontario, with its abundance of lakes and thousands of islands, cottaging is the weekly wilderness exodus of the masses. LesPalenik / shutterstock.com 4. Sorry Canadians are such a polite and humble bunch with a penchant to over-apologize for minor infringements. You can accidentally step on someone's foot and they'll say "sorry" to you. Yes, this word exists in other languages too, but you'll never hear it frittered about as much as you do in Canada. It's a cultural reflex. Dragana Jokmanovic / shutterstock.com 5. Loonies and Toonies The Canadian one dollar coin has a lovely loon embossed on it, hence the nickname "loonie" came into the glossary of Canadian terms. When the two dollar coin was minted a few years later, the name "toonie" just followed suit. By the way, don't refer to Canada's colorful paper bills as "Monopoly money" – they've heard it before. Actually, don't refer to it as "paper" money either, as they've recently switched to a more durable polymer for these denominations. Duc Dao / shutterstock.com 6. Mickey and Twenty-Sixer Americans may have their mouse and Britons might take it out of someone, but in Canada, "mickey" refers to a small flask-sized 375 ml bottle of hard liquor. This is a uniquely Canadian booze measurement, and quite handy when out and about (pronounced oot and aboot, of course). Another Canadian bottle capacity is the twenty-sixer, which refers to a 750 ml bottle of liquor. Back in the days before the metric system, it meant a 26 oz bottle of booze, but the term stuck. Photo: lcbo.com 7. Two-Four Not surprisingly, Canadians have some lingo surrounding their beloved beer, too. A standard case of beer which contains 24 cans or bottles is commonly and affectionately known as a two-four (often slurred together as toofer). Photo: marchelaflamme 8. Caesar Still on the booze kick, the Bloody Caesar is a proud Canadian concoction that is starting to seep its way into other countries too. It's like a vodka based Bloody Mary, only rather than tomato juice it substitutes in Clamato juice, a proprietary blend of tomato and clams that elevates this cocktail to a whole new level. It is doctored up with dashes of spices, dollops of Worcestershire sauce and served in a salt-rimed glass with a stalk of celery in it. It was invented in Calgary in 1969 and is now a Canadian classic that tastes much better than it sounds. ravensfoot / shutterstock.com 9. Pop As for non-alcoholic soft drinks, Canadians call their fizzy fountain beverages "pop" as opposed to "soda" or "soda pop" like you hear in the States. MSPhotographic / shutterstock.com 10. Ketchup, Dill Pickle and All Dressed Chips Chips isn't so much a Canadian term. They use the same word for crunchy potato snacks in the US, although they are called "crisps" in the UK. However, they do have some unique flavors worth bragging about. Dill Pickle and Ketchup are self explanatory (and delicious), and All Dressed is a mind-blowing mish-mash of multiple other flavorings mixed together. Photo: kimberlyah 11. Chocolate Bars Still on the junk food topic, what Americans call "candy bars" most Canadians would call "chocolate bars", and they've got lots of unique products up there to tempt your sweet tooth. Coffee Crisp, Crispy Crunch, Aero, Big Turk, Eat-More, MacIntosh Toffee and Smarties spring to mind. Some of these treats may be found in Britain and elsewhere, but they taste slightly different – must be something about that bilingual packaging. Many returning Canadian travelers make a bee-line to the convenience store to indulge in these favorites when they've been away for a while. Another common treat found in Canada and Europe but not in the States is the Kinder Surprise. The little chocolate egg with the toy inside is actually illegal in America. Photo: reddit 12. Poutine Commonplace in Quebec but spreading in popularity across the country is poutine. It's essentially a plate of french fries (aka "chips" in the UK), smothered in gravy and topped with cheese curds. Don't knock it until you've tried it. There are some trendy gourmet poutine variations out there that mix in bacon, lobster and foie gras, but nothing goes down with a two-four of beer like classic poutine. bonchan / shutterstock.com 13. Beaver Tails Before you recoil in horror that Canadians are chopping off bucktoothed rodent appendages as a delicacy, this is actually a popular pastry sold throughout the country since 1978. It's deep-fried flattened dough sprinkled with an array of toppings like lemon, chocolate banana, maple butter or Nutella. Along with Timbits (donut holes), the Beaver Tail (Queues de Castor in French) is a Canadian classic. Photo: beavertailsinc 14. Zed Sorry, Americans. The last letter of the alphabet is pronounced "zed", not "zee". Just ask the English people who invented the language. donatas1205 / shutterstock.com 15. Parkade A multi-level parking garage or car park is commonly called a parkade in Canada (not everywhere, but in many regions). Most Canadians don't know this is not a widely used term elsewhere. Pavel L Photo and Video / shutterstock.com 16. Gonch, Ginch, Gitch, Gotch Depending on your generation (pre-1970s) and region (mostly prevalent out west), these words are Canadian slang for underwear – or knickers, if you will. KellyNelson / shutterstock.com 17. Runners Americans call them sneakers. Brits call them trainers. Others may call them tennis shoes (whether they play tennis or not). In Canada, these types of athletic sports shoes are most commonly called runners. Brian A Jackson / shutterstock.com 18. Keener A keener is a slightly derogatory term for someone who is overly eager, zealous, or enthusiastic about something. You'd think those would be considered positive traits, but in humble Canada trying too hard is not really something to boast about. Calling someone a keener has overtones of being a brown-noser, suck-up or smartypants. AVAVA / shutterstock.com 19. Toque No glossary of Canadian terms could miss out on toque,

class=html-example> &lt;TABLE&gt; &lt;CAPTION&gt;This is a simple 3x3 table&lt;/CAPTION&gt; &lt;TR id="row1"&gt; &lt;TH&gt;Header 1 &lt;TD&gt;Cell 1 &lt;TD&gt;Cell 2 &lt;TR id="row2"&gt; &lt;TH&gt;Header 2 &lt;TD&gt;Cell 3 &lt;TD&gt;Cell 4 &lt;TR id="row3"&gt; &lt;TH&gt;Header 3 &lt;TD&gt;Cell 5 &lt;TD&gt;Cell 6 &lt;/TABLE&gt; </pre> <p>This code creates one table (the <a href="#table"><code class=html>TABLE</code></a> element), three rows (the <code class=html>TR</code> elements), three header cells (the <code class=html>TH</code> elements), and six data cells (the <code class=html>TD</code> elements). Note that the three columns of this example are specified implicitly: there are as many columns in the table as required by header and data cells. <p>The following CSS rule centers the text horizontally in the header cells and presents the text in the header cells with a bold font weight: <pre> th { text-align: center; font-weight: bold } </pre> <p>The next rules align the text of the header cells on their baseline and vertically center the text in each data cell: <pre> th { vertical-align: baseline } td { vertical-align: middle } </pre> <p>The next rules specify that the top row will be surrounded by a 3px solid blue border and each of the other rows will be surrounded by a 1px solid black border: <pre> table { border-collapse: collapse } tr#row1 { border: 3px solid blue } tr#row2 { border: 1px solid black } tr#row3 { border: 1px solid black } </pre> <p>Note, however, that the borders around the rows overlap where the rows meet. What color (black or blue) and thickness (1px or 3px) will the border between row1 and row2 be? We discuss this in the section on <a href="#border-conflict-resolution">border conflict resolution.</a> <p>The following rule puts the table caption above the table: <pre> caption { caption-side: top } </pre> </div> <p>The preceding example shows how CSS works with HTML 4 elements; in HTML 4, the semantics of the various table elements (TABLE, CAPTION, THEAD, TBODY, TFOOT, COL, COLGROUP, TH, and TD) are well-defined. In other document languages (such as XML applications), there may not be pre-defined table elements. Therefore, CSS 2.1 allows authors to <span class=index-inst id=map title="mapping elements to table parts">"map"</span> document language elements to table elements via the <a class=propinst-display href="#display">'<code class=property>display</code>'</a> property. For example, the following rule makes the FOO element act like an HTML TABLE element and the BAR element act like a CAPTION element: <pre class=example> FOO { display : table } BAR { display : table-caption } </pre> <p id=internal>We discuss the various table elements in the following section. In this specification, the term <a class=index-def href="#table-element" id=table-element0 title="table element"><dfn id=table-element>table element</dfn></a> refers to any element involved in the creation of a table. An <span class=index-def id="�internal�-table-element" title="internal table element|table element::internal">"internal" table element</span> is one that produces a row, row group, column, column group, or cell. <h2 id=the-css-table-model><span class=secno>4. </span>The CSS table model</h2> <p>The CSS table model is based on the HTML 4.0 table model, in which the structure of a table closely parallels the visual layout of the table. In this model, a table consists of an optional caption and any number of rows of cells. The table model is said to be "row primary," since authors specify rows, not columns, explicitly in the document language. Columns are derived once all the rows have been specified: the first cell of each row belongs to the first column, the second to the second column, etc.). Rows and columns may be grouped structurally and this grouping reflected in presentation (e.g., a border may be drawn around a group of rows). <p>Thus, the table model consists of tables, captions, rows, row groups, columns, column groups, and cells. <p>The CSS model does not require that the <span>document language</span> include elements that correspond to each of these components. For document languages (such as XML applications) that do not have pre-defined table elements, authors must map document language elements to table elements; this is done with the '<a href="#display"><code class=property>display</code></a>' property. The following '<a href="#display"><code class=property>display</code></a>' values assign table formatting rules to an arbitrary element: <dl> <dt><dfn id=table>table</dfn> (In HTML: TABLE) <dd>Specifies that an element defines a <em>block-level</em> table: it is a rectangular block that participates in a <em>block formatting context</em>. <dt><dfn id=inline-table>inline-table</dfn> (In HTML: TABLE) <dd>Specifies that an element defines an <em>inline-level</em> table: it is a rectangular block that participates in an <em>inline formatting context</em>. <dt><dfn id=table-row>table-row</dfn> (In HTML: TR) <dd>Specifies that an element is a row of cells. <dt><dfn id=table-row-group>table-row-group</dfn> (In HTML: TBODY) <dd>Specifies that an element groups one or more rows. <dt><dfn id=table-header-group0>table-header-group</dfn> (In HTML: THEAD) <dd>Like '<a href="#table-row-group"><code class=property>table-row-group</code></a>', but for visual formatting, the row group is always displayed before all other rows and row groups and after any top captions. Print user agents may repeat header rows on each page spanned by a table. If a table contains multiple elements with '<code class=css>display: table-header-group</code>', only the first is rendered as a header; the others are treated as if they had '<code class=css>display: table-row-group</code>'. <dt><dfn id=table-footer-group>table-footer-group</dfn> (In HTML: TFOOT) <dd>Like '<a href="#table-row-group"><code class=property>table-row-group</code></a>', but for visual formatting, the row group is always displayed after all other rows and row groups and before any bottom captions. Print user agents may repeat footer rows on each page spanned by a table. If a table contains multiple elements with '<code class=css>display: table-footer-group</code>', only the first is rendered as a footer; the others are treated as if they had '<code class=css>display: table-row-group</code>'. <dt><dfn id=table-column>table-column</dfn> (In HTML: COL) <dd>Specifies that an element describes a column of cells. <dt><dfn id=table-column-group>table-column-group</dfn> (In HTML: COLGROUP) <dd>Specifies that an element groups one or more columns. <dt><dfn id=table-cell>table-cell</dfn> (In HTML: TD, TH) <dd>Specifies that an element represents a table cell. <dt><dfn id=table-caption>table-caption</dfn> (In HTML: CAPTION) <dd>Specifies a caption for the table. All elements with '<code class=css>display: table-caption</code>' must be rendered, as described in <a href="#model">section [??].</a> </dl> <p>Replaced elements with these '<a href="#display"><code class=property>display</code></a>' values are treated as their given display types during layout. For example, an image that is set to '<code class=css>display: table-cell</code>' will fill the available cell space, and its dimensions might contribute towards the table sizing algorithms, as with an ordinary cell. <p>Elements with '<a href="#display"><code class=property>display</code></a>' set to '<a href="#table-column"><code class=property>table-column</code></a>' or '<a href="#table-column-group"><code class=property>table-column-group</code></a>' are not rendered (exactly as if they had '<code class=css>display: none</code>'), but they are useful, because they may have attributes which induce a certain style for the columns they represent. <div class=issue> <p>The above, rewritten for '<code class=property>display-model</code>' and '<code class=property>display-role</code>': <p>The values of <span class=property>'<code class=property>display-model</code>'</span> that apply to tables have the following meaning. (For the purposes of the definitions in this section, any child elements with a <span class=property>'<code class=property>display-role</code>'</span> of <a class=css href="#none">'<code class=property>none</code>'</a> are considered to have been removed from the document tree.) <dl> <dt>table <dd> <p>The child elements are laid out as a stack of row-groups. In detail: <p>Any uninterrupted sequence of child elements, including anonymous ones, with a role other than <span class=css>'<code class=css>table-{row,header,footer}-group</code>'</span> or <a class=css href="#table-caption">'<code class=property>table-caption</code>'</a> is wrapped in an anonymous element with role and model both set to <a class=css href="#table-row-group">'<code class=property>table-row-group</code>'</a>. <p>The resulting set of children is laid out as a stack of rows from top to bottom, with at the top any <a class=css href="#table-header-group0">'<code class=property>table-header-group</code>'</a> child, then the <a class=css href="#table-row-group">'<code class=property>table-row-group</code>'</a> children, in the order of the document, and finally any <a class=css href="#table-footer-group">'<code class=property>table-footer-group</code>'</a> child. (Note also the difference between these three types for paged media, described <a href="#table-header-group">below.</a>) <dt>table-row-group <dd> <p>The children are laid out as a stack of rows. In detail: <p>Any uninterrupted sequence of child elements with a role other than <a class=css href="#table-row">'<code class=property>table-row</code>'</a> is wrapped in an anonymous element with role set to <a class=css href="#table-row">'<code class=property>table-row</code>'</a> and model set to <span class=css>'<code class=property>block-inside</code>'</span>. <p>The resulting children are laid out as a stack of rows from top to bottom in the order of the document. <dt>table-row <dd> <p>The children are laid out as a row of table cells. In detail:

the folk tones they used as close to the original as possible.[149] Copland enhanced the tunes he used with contemporary rhythms, textures and structures. In what could seem contradictory, he used complex harmonies and rhythms to simplify folk melodies and make them more accessible and familiar to his listeners.[150] Except for the Shaker tune in Appalachian Spring, Copland often syncopates traditional melodies, changes their metric patterns and note values.[151] In Billy the Kid, he derives many of the work's sparse harmonies from the implied harmonic constructions of the cowboy tunes themselves.[151] Like Stravinsky, Copland mastered the ability to create a coherent, integrated composition from what was essentially a mosaic of divergent folk-based and original elements.[152] In that sense, Copland's Populist works such as Billy the Kid, Rodeo, Appalachian Spring are not far removed from Stravinsky's ballet The Rite of Spring.[153] Within that framework, however, Copland preserved the American atmosphere of these ballets through what musicologist Elliott Antokoletz calls "the conservative handling of open diatonic sonorities", which fosters "a pastoral quality" in the music.[154] This is especially true in the opening of Appalachian Spring, where the harmonizations remain "transparent and bare, suggested by the melodic disposition of the Shaker tune".[154] Variations which contrast to this tune in rhythm, key, texture and dynamics, fit within Copland's compositional practice of juxtaposing structural blocks.[154] Film scores[edit] When Hollywood beckoned "serious" composers in the 1930s with promises of better films and higher pay, Copland saw both a challenge for his abilities as a composer and an opportunity to expand his reputation and audience for his more serious works.[155] In a departure from other film scores of the time, Copland's work largely reflected his own style, instead of the usual borrowing from the late-Romantic period.[156] He often avoided the full orchestra, and he rejected the common practice of using a leitmotiv to identify characters with their own personal themes. He instead matched a theme to the action, while avoiding the underlining of every action with exaggerated emphasis. Another technique Copland employed was to keep silent during intimate screen moments and only begin the music as a confirming motive toward the end of a scene.[157] Virgil Thompson wrote that the score for Of Mice and Men established "the most distinguished populist musical style yet created in America".[158] Many composers who scored for western movies, particularly between 1940 and 1960, were influenced by Copland's style, though some also followed the "Max Steiner" approach, which was more bombastic and obvious.[156] Later works[edit] Copland's work in the late 1940s and 1950s included use of Schoenberg's twelve-tone system, a development that he had recognized but not fully embraced. He had also believed the atonality of serialized music to run counter to his desire to reach a wide audience. Copland therefore approached dodecaphony with some initial skepticism. While in Europe in 1949, he heard a number of serial works but did not admire much of it because "so often it seemed that individuality was sacrificed to the method".[159] The music of French composer Pierre Boulez showed Copland that the technique could be separated from the "old Wagnerian" aesthetic with which he had associated it previously. Subsequent exposure to the late music of Austrian composer Anton Webern and twelve-tone pieces by Swiss composer Frank Martin and Italian composer Luigi Dallapiccola strengthened this opinion.[160] Copland came to the conclusion that composing along serial lines was "nothing more than an angle of vision. Like fugal treatment, it is a stimulus that enlivens musical thinking, especially when applied to a series of tones that lend themselves to that treatment."[161] He began his first serial work, the "Piano Fantasy", in 1951 to fulfill a commission from the young virtuoso pianist William Kapell. The piece became one of his most challenging works, over which he labored until 1957.[162] During the work's development, in 1953, Kapell died in an aircraft crash.[131] Critics lauded the "Fantasy" when it was finally premiered, calling the piece "an outstanding addition to his own oeuvre and to contemporary piano literature" and "a tremendous achievement". Jay Rosenfield stated: "This is a new Copland to us, an artist advancing with strength and not building on the past alone."[163] Serialism allowed Copland a synthesis of serial and non-serial practices. Before he did this, according to musicologist Joseph Straus, the philosophical and compositional difference between non-tonal composers such as Schoenberg and tonal composers like Stravinsky had been considered too wide a gulf to bridge.[164] Copland wrote that, to him, serialism pointed in two opposite directions, one "toward the extreme of total organization with electronic applications" and the other "a gradual absorption into what had become a very freely interpreted tonalism [italics Copland]".[165] The path he said he chose was the latter one, which he said, when he described his Piano Fantasy, allowed him to incorporate "elements able to be associated with the twelve-tone method and also with music tonally conceived".[165] This practice differed markedly from Schoenberg, who used his tone rows as complete statements around which to structure his compositions.[166] Copland used his rows not much different than how he fashioned the material in his tonal pieces. He saw his rows as sources for melodies and harmonies, not as complete and independent entities, except at points in the musical structure that dictated the complete statement of a row.[166] Even after Copland started using 12-tone techniques, he did not stick to them exclusively but went back and forth between tonal and non-tonal compositions.[167] Other late works include: Dance Panels (1959, ballet music), Something Wild (1961, his last film score, much of which would be later incorporated into his Music for a Great City), Connotations (1962, for the new Lincoln Center Philharmonic hall), Emblems (1964, for wind band), Night Thoughts (1972, for the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition), and Proclamation (1982, his last work, started in 1973).[168] Critic, writer, teacher[edit] Copland did not consider himself a professional writer. He called his writing "a byproduct of my trade" as "a kind of salesman for contemporary music".[169] As such, he wrote prolifically about music, including pieces on music criticism analysis, on musical trends, and on his own compositions.[170] An avid lecturer and lecturer-performer, Copland eventually collected his presentation notes into three books, What to Listen for in Music (1939), Our New Music (1941), and Music and Imagination (1952).[171] In the 1980s, he collaborated with Vivian Perlis on a two-volume autobiography, Copland: 1900 Through 1942 (1984) and Copland Since 1943 (1989). Along with the composer's first-person narrative, these two books incorporate 11 "interludes" by Perlis and other sections from friends and peers.[172] Some controversy arose over the second volume's increased reliance over the first on old documents for source material. Due to the then-advanced stage of Copland's Alzheimer's and the resulting memory loss, however, this fallback to previous material was inevitable.[172] The use in both books of letters and other unpublished sources, expertly researched and organized, made them what Pollack terms "invaluable".[172] During his career, Copland met and helped hundreds of young composers, whom he met and who were drawn to him by his continual interest and acuity into the contemporary musical scene.[173][174] This assistance came mainly outside an institutional framework—other than his summers at the Berkshire Music Center at Tanglewood and a few semesters at Harvard and the State University of New York at Buffalo, Copland operated outside an academic setting.[175] Pollack writes: "Those composers who actually studied with him were small in number and did so for only brief periods; rather, Copland helped younger composers more informally, with intermittent advice and aid."[175] This advice included focusing on expressive content rather than on purely technical points and on developing a personal style.[176][177] Copland's willingness to foster talent extended to critiquing scores in progress that were presented to him by his peers. Composer William Schuman

work properly (#48823, #2015042710000011). Bugfix for slave tasks: In case the sensor or slave was not reachable, it was problematic to stop a started scan as long as the start was still was not established (#48877, #2015040110000024). Bugfix for the filtering of scan results when searching for a specific IP address. The filter acted a bit fuzzy under certain condition which was now changed to match strictly (#47710, #48890, #2015040210000041). Bugfix: Filter directives for delta reports were executed properly, but in the new view the filter was lost (#48063). Bugfix: Individual port lists that were used for a scan via a slave or sensor where not automatically deleted after the scan finished (#47889). Bugfix about displaying the trust status of Report Format Plugins (#47721, #2015022310000013). Bugfix for the manual creation of overrides so that now also the port protocol can be specified, for example "80/tcp" (#48715, #2015031810000031). Bugfix: Under certain conditions it could happen that expanding the results view did not show the actual details in case the results are owned by another user (#47411). Bugfix: Links from the Asset Management into a report did not filter for the exact IP. The IP was used only as a substring (#48981). Bugfix: The version info about GSR and GXR did wrongly not show the actual version 3 (#48115). Bugfix: The counter for notes and overrides in the NVT details dialog showed always 0 (#48247, #2015040810000048). Minor extensions of the online help texts (#47708, #47858). Via GOS-Admin it is now possible on a master GSM to advise all connected sensors to create a new self-signed certificate in case their current certificate expired (#48788). OMP via IPv6: In case OMP is enabled, this protocol can now be accessed also via IPv6 (#13592). User-Data backups: In GOS-Admin-Menu there is a new function that shows all local user data backups (#47787). User-Data backups: In GOS-Admin-Menu there is a new function that allows to remove single local user data backups (#44852). Bugfix for GOS-Admin: For several IP address settings like for NTP or for sensors it was not possible to enter IPv6 addresses (#48523). Backup Management: The structure in GOS-Admin-Menu was re-organized with a better separation of backup types and backup settings (#44769). Minor Bugfix for the selfcheck in GOS-Admin-Menu: For GSM models that can not manage sensors, the sensor check is not displayed anymore (#48442). Bugfix for GOS-Admin-Menu to add a scroll bar for the sensor check results (#47055, #2015022010000019). Bugfix: By stopping and then resuming a task it could happen that in the overlapping range some results were doubled (#48538, #48974, #2015041710000031). Bugfix: In some cases the hostname for a scanned IP was missing in the results (#44904). Bugfix for the scanner which did not reliably executed some tests for some Windows systems. This lead to a lower number of detected vulnerabilities compared to GOS 3.0 (#46115, #48521). Bugfix for the NVT details: The CVSS vector was missing in GOS 3.1.10. After the next feed update the vectors will be visible again (#48062). Comprehensive update of the Report Format Plugins GXR and GSR. The representation of is more compact now. Especially the GSR will now get created faster and will have less pages. Apart from that, several new functions are support now like solution type and QoD (#46216). The Report Format Plugins GXR and GSR now offer a tabular overview about the success of target host authentications (SMB, SSH and ESXi) (#45700, #2015011510000021). Bugfix for GSR Report Plugin: The text entry about overrides was missing (#47212). New Report Format Plugin "Anonymous XML": Like XML, but IP addresses get pseudonyms and other potential hints about the origin of the scan are removed as well (#38250). Comprehensive update of the permissions management regarding visibility of objects by Users, Groups and Roles. Now, several dependencies will be considered by the permissions management (#47310, #2015030410000011). Bugfix for automatically created Debian credential packages (#46996). Fully automized update of CERT-Bund now activated (#45364, #47176, #2015022610000062). Bugfix for the keyword "owner" when used in the powerfilter (#46915). Bugfix regarding transfer of task properties to scan slaves (#46721). Change for schedules: A scheduled task was not executed in case no scanner resource was available for 3 minutes after schedule start time. This limit was removed now (#46897). Bugfix to prevent piling up of lost scanner processes that slow down a GSM over time (#47854). Bugfix regarding changing the "Host-Alive" method (#47989). Charts: Tooltips extended with percentages and added tooltips for the legend (#47358). Bugfix: Overrides were applied in the Report-Browser, but False Positives were not displayed (#47096). Improved usability of powerfilters: The text entry now contains only specific elements. All others are displayed below, but could be set anytime as well (#45912). Minor bugfix for Task Details Dialog: The Slave name is not displayed anymore if no slave is used anyway (#46819). Minor bugfix to correctly handle some very specific HTTP request to the web interface (content-length headers) (#15343). Improved online help for Scanner Details (#47282). Added download option for certificates of OSP scanners (#47281, #47283). SecInfo for NVTs was internally changed to now use the OMP command GET_INFO (#39910). Minor bugfix: Graphical bug in Charts regarding too many percentage characters (#47357). Minor bugfix: Graphical bug for IT-Schwachstellenampel regarding URLs (#46969). Minor Bugfix for status info of OpenVAS Scanner: It was wrongly displayed that the scanner is offline (#47280). Extended SNMP monitoring parameters and MIB: The MIB for the Greenbone Security Managers as well as the newly supported standard properties are now documented at the Greenbone website about SNMP (#44239, #29960, #2013052810000039). Internal improvement for self-check after an upgrade to identify incomplete upgrades (#47579). Internal improvement of management of OSP Ovaldi: Certificate update via GOS-Admin-Menu (#47219). Minor bugfix of NTP configuration to avoid error messages in the log (#46726, #2015021110000027). Minor bugfix for CLI Admin: For some unneeded commands (for example nosystemupgrade) there was still an alias entry. These were removed now. (#47264). For GSM ONE the menu "Advanced Management" is now back in GOS-Admin-menu (#47724). Minor bugfix for a problem that produced many log entries (parse_ctime) (#46815). Internal improvement: For NVTs of the OpenVAS Scanner it is not mandatory anymore to deliver a CVSS Base if they already offer a CVSS Base Vector (#41456). Improvement of authenticated scans for target systems with specific SSH services and key types (#47304, #47278, #29613). OSP-ovaldi now also delivers its own CPE as a host detail (#45909). New Parameter "debug_mode" for all OSP scanners (#45906). Bugfix for internal GOS upgrade handling (#47513). Bugfix regarding TLS certificates of the pre-configured scanner. Under certain conditions it could happen that no scans are executed anymore and a manual update of the certificates was necessary. This has now been automated (#47279). Quality of Detection (QoD): This concept for the reliability of successful detections of vulnerabilities now arrived also in the web interface. New NVTs were already equipped with specific QoD values (between 0% and 100%) for some time. The QoD is now visible for NVTs as well as for the scan results. Of course, it is now possible to use the QoD to filter. The defaults are chosen to match the previous behaviour. This means, the same number of results are filtered which corresponds to a QoD of 70%. With this new feature, the parameter "paranoid" in the scan configurations is dropped, because now even those tests with a low reliability are always executed. The results are present in the database and can be reviewed if needed. A separate scan for detecting so-called "potential vulnerabilities" is not necessary anymore. (#46396, #38193, #46118). Extension of the permissions dialog for tasks: When granting permissions to a task, now the same permission is automatically granted for the depending objects like schedules or alerts. (#39459, #2014072210000017). Reduction of DNS Reverse Lookups of the GSM for NTP servers (#46965, #2015012110000037). Bugfix for executing scans via slaves: Now the configured port list is applied and not just the default port list (#46632). Bugfix for the use of SSH keys for SSH credentials (#46474). Bugfix for the Restore function of the user-data backup on GSM 100 when migrating to GOS 3.1 (#46813,

and was given a medical device by Doctor Crusher that would help cauterize a wound. (TNG: "Ethics") He was on duty in sickbay when Commander Riker and the J'naii Soren were beamed to sickbay with the recovered crew of the Taris Murn. (TNG: "The Outcast") He passed Captain Picard in front of the sickbay when the Enterprise-D was trapped in a temporal distortion. (TNG: "Cause and Effect") Martinez was off duty and visited Ten Forward at the same time Data presented the bar to Kamala. (TNG: "The Perfect Mate") According to the call sheet he was also present when ambassador Briam was treated in sickbay later although he was not seen in this scene. He was working in sickbay when the Enterprise-D entered the FGC 47 nebula in late 2368. (TNG: "Imaginary Friend") Together with Doctor Crusher, he examined the unconscious Borg dubbed Hugh by the crew of the ship at the ships detention cell. (TNG: "I Borg") Together with Crewman Diana Giddings, Martinez was treating a patient in sickbay shortly after the Enterprise-D started to assist a Romulan science ship with repairs. (TNG: "The Next Phase") He was helping to treat an unconscious Captain Picard, who was affected by a probe sent by the long dead inhabitants of Kataan and performed a cardiac induction on the Captain. (TNG: "The Inner Light") In 2369, Martinez was on duty on sickbay, when Doctor Crusher and Ensign Alyssa Ogawa examined the dead body of Lieutenant Joshua Kelly. (TNG: "Realm of Fear") Martinez, together with Doctor Crusher and another nurse arrived too late at her quarters to revive the Lumerian Sev Maylor. He later was on duty in sickbay and healed Captain Picard's stab wound caused by Deanna Troi, who was under the influence of Ves Alkar. Later, he assisted in the re-enactment of Counselor Troi. (TNG: "Man of the People") Martinez worked in sickbay when Montgomery Scott was treated there after he had been recovered from the wreck of the USS Jenolan. (TNG: "Relics") Martinez frozen in time He was on duty in sickbay when Solanogen-based lifeforms were conducting medical experiments on the crew of the USS Enterprise-D. Together with Dr. Crusher he was called to cargo bay 4 as a medical team. (TNG: "Schisms") He was working in shuttlebay 2, sorting through relief supplies for Tagra IV a short time later. (TNG: "True Q") When Captain Picard, Guinan, Keiko O'Brien and Ensign Ro Laren were turned into children by a transporter accident, he was on duty in sickbay and scanning young Ro. (TNG: "Rascals") He was on duty in sickbay when Data came to Doctor Crusher to ask her for the definition of life. (TNG: "The Quality of Life") Martinez attended the change of command ceremony held in Ten Forward when command of the Enterprise-D was transferred to Captain Edward Jellico in 2369. (TNG: "Chain of Command, Part I") Ensign Martinez was on duty in sickbay when Doctor Crusher and Worf returned from a secret mission on Celtris III and was present when the wounds of the two officers were treated. (TNG: "Chain of Command, Part II") Martinez was on duty when Doctor Crusher revealed her findings about the remains of a coalescent organism found on Relay Station 47. (TNG: "Aquiel") He was on duty in sickbay when Captain Picard was suffering from a heart failure due to an accident on the Lenarian homeworld. (TNG: "Tapestry") He passed Data and Doctor Julian Bashir in a corridor shortly after Data experienced his second vision. (TNG: "Birthright, Part I") Martinez was on duty in sickbay when Doctor Crusher examined Thomas Riker shortly after he was beamed aboard the Enterprise-D. (TNG: "Second Chances") He was on duty in sickbay when Commander Riker was treated by Doctor Crusher and was later frozen in time in sickbay when the Enterprise-D was caught in a temporal fragment and was watching, in shock, as Doctor Crusher was hit by a fatal Romulan disruptor beam. (TNG: "Timescape") In early 2370 Martinez was in attendance of a banquet held in honor of the visiting Iyaaran ambassadors. (TNG: "Liaisons") He was on duty in sickbay when Doctor Crusher treated Geordi La Forge's wounded hands. (TNG: "Interface") Ensign Martinez was on duty in sickbay when Deanna Troi was treated for a stab wound caused by Data and was ordered by Crusher to bring her an interphasic scanner. (TNG: "Phantasms") The character was called "nurse" for the first time in this episode, though the reference as a nurse appeared in several scripts of the relevant episodes. When Lwaxana Troi was experiencing medical difficulties due to the repressed memory of her daughter Kestra Troi, he was working in sickbay and helped Doctor Crusher find the source of Lwaxana's unconsciousness. (TNG: "Dark Page") He was having a drink with a female crewmember in Ten Forward when the Enterprise-D was on a mission in the Hekaras Corridor. (TNG: "Force of Nature") In at least one of the many parallel universes Worf passed through in mid-2370, Martinez was working as a nurse in sickbay. (TNG: "Parallels") He administered a hypospray of ten ccs of terakine to Commander Riker when he broke a rib while practicing bat'leth moves with Worf. (TNG: "The Pegasus") He was also on duty at sickbay when the Boraalan Vorin was treated after he accidentally left the holodeck and was overwhelmed by this discovery. (TNG: "Homeward") Martinez beamed down to the Caldos colony to help find out the cause of Ned Quint's death. He was ordered by Doctor Crusher to contact Doctor Selar and ask her to run a biospectral analysis on the body. (TNG: "Sub Rosa") He was not on duty in sickbay when the Cardassian operative Joret Dal was treated there for his injuries as only a small number of people were allowed to know about the presence of the Cardassian aboard the ship. During that time, he did participate in Worf's mok'bara class along with Ensign Sito Jaxa and had a drink in Ten Forward. Later, back on duty in sickbay, he assisted Dr. Crusher treating a patient. (TNG: "Lower Decks") When Data was recovered from Barkon IV and repaired in sickbay, Martinez was on duty. (TNG: "Thine Own Self") He was on duty in sickbay shortly after Lieutenant junior grade Daniel Kwan committed suicide. (TNG: "Eye of the Beholder") Martinez in 2375 Martinez was on duty in sickbay when Jason Vigo suffered from a seizure and had to be taken to sickbay immediately. (TNG: "Bloodlines") Martinez was helping treat wounded Cardassian officers of the Galor-class warship Vetar later in the year. (TNG: "Preemptive Strike") 2372-2373 Edit In 2372, he, like many of the Enterprise-D's crew, decided to continue serving under Captain Picard aboard the Enterprise-E. In 2373, when the Borg attacked sickbay, he led the medical staff out into the jefferies tubes. (Star Trek: First Contact) In 2375, he was among the medical staff of the Enterprise-E who treated the "hostages" after they were beamed up from the Ba'ku homeworld. (Star Trek: Insurrection) Memorable Quote Edit "Yes, doctor." (TNG: "Night Terrors", "Ethics", "The Outcast", "Sub Rosa") TNG: "The Child" "Elementary, Dear Data" "The Schizoid Man" "Loud As A Whisper" "Unnatural Selection" "The Measure Of A Man" "The Dauphin" "The Icarus Factor" "Q Who" "The Survivors" "Who Watches The Watchers" "The Bonding" "The Enemy" "The Price" "The Vengeance Factor" "Deja Q" "A Matter of Perspective" "Yesterday's Enterprise" "The Offspring" "Sins of the Father" "Allegiance" "Sarek" "Transfigurations" "Suddenly Human" "Brothers" "Legacy" "Reunion" "Future Imperfect" "Final Mission" "The Loss" "Data's Day" "Clues" "First Contact" "Night Terrors" "Identity Crisis" "The Nth Degree" "The Drumhead" "Half a Life" "The Host" "In Theory" "The Game" "Unification I" "A Matter of Time" "New Ground" "Hero Worship" "Violations" "Conundrum" "Power Play" "Ethics" "The Outcast" "Cause and Effect" "The Perfect Mate" "Imaginary Friend" "I Borg" "The Next Phase" "The Inner Light" "Realm of Fear" "Man of the People" "Relics" "Schisms" "True Q" "Rascals" "The Quality of Life" "Chain of Command, Part I" "Chain of Command, Part II" "Aquiel" "Tapestry" "Birthright, Part I" "Second Chances" "Timescape" "Liaisons" "Interface" "Phantasms" "Dark Page" "Force of Nature" "Parallels" "The Pegasus" "Homeward" "Sub Rosa" "Lower Decks" "Thine Own Self" "Eye of the Beholder" "Bloodlines" "Preemptive Strike" Star Trek films Star Trek: Insurrection Background information Edit Martinez was played by regular background actor Michael Braveheart who received no on-screen credit for his appearances. On several call sheets of The Next Generation, Braveheart is listed as "Dr. Death" instead of his real name. As his appearances continued, his rank rose

Regulations 36 (1)(e) 3) Where a ship fitted with a trunk which does not comply with the requirements of Regulations 36 (1)(e)(Ch.5 Sec.3 J100) or where continuous or substantially continuous hatchway side coaming are fitted between detached superstructures the minimum area of the freeing port openings shall be calculated from the following table: Breadth of hatchway or trunk in relation to the breadth of ship 40% or less 75% or more Area of freeing ports in relation to the total area of the bulwarks 20% 10% The area of freeing ports at intermediate breadths shall be obtained by linear interpolation. (ii) If the free flow area is equal to, or less than the area calculated from Regulations 24(1) and (2) minimum freeing area in the bulwarks should be determined from Regulation 24(3). (iii) If the free flow area is smaller than calculated from Regulation 24(3) but greater than calculated from Regulation 24(1) and (2), the minimum freeing area in the bulwark should be determined from the following formula: F = F1 + F2 fp (m2) where F1 F2 fp = the minimum freeing area calculated from Regulation 24(1) and (2), = the minimum freeing area calculated from Regulation 24(3), = the total net area of passages and gaps between hatch ends and superstructures or deckhouses up to the actual height of bulwark. 4) In ships having superstructures which are open at either or both ends, adequate provision for freeing the space within such superstructures shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Administration. 5) The lower edges of the freeing ports shall be as near the deck as practicable. Two-thirds of the freeing port area required shall be provided in the half of the well nearest the lowest point of the sheer curve. 6) All such openings in the bulwarks shall be protected by rails or bars spaced approximately 230 millimetres apart. If shutters are fitted to freeing ports, ample clearance shall be provided to prevent jamming. Hinges shall have pins or bearings of non-corrodible material. If shutters are fitted with securing appliances, these appliances shall be of approved construction. (IACS LL44) 203 (To Reg. 24.4) For superstructures that are open at either or both ends the effective freeing area at the end of the superstructure may be added to the respective freeing port area for the port and starboard side of the superstructure. The effective area of the opening at the end of a superstructure will be assessed on a case by case basis weighing the following factors: the athwartship location of the opening the slope of the deck towards or away from the opening the length/breadth ratio of the well the free fore and aft passage for the water to reach the opening, unobstructed by deck equipment, fittings, or cargo stowage. (ICLL Reg.24) M 200 201 Interpretations (To Reg. 24.1 and 24.5) On a flush deck ship with a substantial deckhouse amidships it is considered that the deckhouse provides sufficient break to form two wells and that each could be given the required freeing port area based upon the length of the well. It would not then be allowed to base the area upon 0,7 L. In defining a substantial deckhouse it is suggested that the breadth of the deckhouse should be at least 80% of the beam of the vessel, and that the passageways along the side of the ship should not exceed 1,5 m in width. Where a screen bulkhead is fitted completely across the vessel, at the forward end of a midship deckhouse, this would effectively divide the exposed deck into wells and no limitation on the breadth of the deckhouse is considered necessary in this case. It is considered that wells on raised quarterdecks should be treated as previously, i.e. as being on freeboard decks. With zero or little sheer on the exposed freeboard deck or an exposed superstructure deck it is considered that the freeing port area should be spread along the length of the well. (IACS LL13) 202 (To Reg. 24.3) The effectiveness of the freeing area in bulwarks required by Regulation 24(1) and (2) depends on free flow across the deck of a ship. Where there is no free flow due to the presence of a continuous trunk or hatchway coaming, the freeing area in bulwarks is calculated in accordance with Regulation 24(3). The free flow area on deck is the net area of gaps between hatchways, and between hatchways and superstructures and deckhouses up to the actual height of the bulwark. The freeing port area in bulwarks should be assessed in relation to the net flow area as follows: (i) If the free flow area is not less than the freeing area calculated from Regulation 24(3) as if the hatchway coamings were continuous, then the minimum freeing port area calculated from Regulation 24(1) and (2) should be deemed sufficient. M 300 References 301 Requirements for freeing arrangements for Type A ships are given in N100. 302 Requirements for freeing arrangements for Type B100 ships are given in Ch.5 Sec.3 A100 and for Type B-60 ships in Ch.5 Sec.3 A300. N. Special Requirements for Type A Ships N 100 101 Regulation 26 Machinery Casings 1) Machinery casings on Type A ships as defined in Regulation 27 (see A202 and Ch.5 Sec.3 A100) shall be protected by an enclosed poop or bridge of at least standard height, or by a deckhouse of equal height and equivalent strength, provided that machinery casings may be exposed if there are no openings giving direct access from the freeboard deck to the machinery space. A door complying with the requirements of Regulation 12 (B101) may, however, be permitted in the machinery casing, provided that it leads to a space or passageway which is as strongly constructed as the casing and is separated from the stairway to the engine room by a second weather tight door of steel or other equivalent material. Gangway and Access An efficiently constructed fore and aft permanent gangway of sufficient strength shall be fitted on Type A ships at the level of the superstructure deck between the poop and the midship bridge or deckhouse where fitted, or equivalent means of access shall be provided to carry out the purpose of the gangway, such as passages below deck. Elsewhere, and on Type A ships without a midship bridge, arrangements to the satisfaction of the Administration shall be provided to safeguard the crew in reaching all parts used in the necessary work of the ship, see Sec.10 Freeing Arrangements Safe and satisfactory access from the gangway level shall be available between separate crew accommodations and also between crew accommodations and the machinery space. Type A ships with bulwarks shall have open rails fitted for at least half the length of the exposed parts of the weather deck or other effective freeing arrangements. The upper edge of the sheer strake shall be kept as low as practicable. Where superstructures are connected by trunks, open rails shall be fitted for the whole length of the exposed parts of the freeboard deck. (ICLL Reg.26) N 200 Interpretation It is considered that a freeing port area, in the lower part of the bulwarks, of 33% of the total area of the bulwarks provides the other effective freeing arrangements mentioned in Regulation 26(5). (IACS LL23) Hatchways Exposed hatchways on the freeboard and forecastle decks or on the tops of expansion trunks on Type A ships shall be provided with efficient watertight covers of steel or other equivalent material. SECTION 12 WELDING AND WELD CONNECTIONS A 100 Introduction 101 In this section requirements related to welding and various connection details are given. A 200 201 tk Definitions Symbols: = see Sec.1 B101. Welding particulars 301 Welding of important hull parts is to be carried out by approved welders only. 302 Welding at ambient air temperature of 5C or below, is only to

Fox and Friends First RidonVince Favorites kishan_kumar@/ Favorites FOX & Friends : FOXNEWSW : October 9, 2018 3:00am-6:00am PDT chuck schumer and nancy pelosi. this has tightened the gap. republicans are now out there. not as much. we have got close races in places like indiana, florida, missouri, montana. we need to get out there. but republicans have now understood what that fight means and the need to get out there and vote with weeks left. brian: a couple of weeks ago cnn put out a poll and the 36%. other at 45%. it's now at 41% with this approval at 52%. so it's gone up in the right direction. now the generic poll from democrats and republicans when asked who do you want in office in your state, in your district is now just a 7 point gap. what are the republicans up against right now? >> well, again, i think in a midterm election you have to look state by state. district by district. in the senate i think we have a lot of close races but i think we are poised to pick up a bunch of seats. you look at heitkamp in north dakota. no question kevin cramer is poised to be the next senator from there. senator rick scott -- excuse me governor rick scott is doing a fantastic job in florida against bill nelson. chuck schumer and nancy pelosi. this has tightened the gap. republicans are now out there. not as much. we have got close races in places like indiana, florida, missouri, montana. we need to get out there. but republicans have now understood what that fight means and the need to get out there and vote with weeks left. brian: a couple of weeks ago cnn put out a poll and the 36%. other at 45%. it's now at 41% with this approval at 52%. so it's gone up in the right direction. now the generic poll... Hannity : FOXNEWSW : October 15, 2018 6:00pm-7:00pm PDT chuck schumer. take a look. >> claire mccaskill, caught on tape. >> and if we do our job in st. louis county, i could give up at the a few votes in the b. >> claire mccaskill. she's given up on you. >> i'm at josh hawley and i approve this message. >> sean: and give up a few votes, okay. and more shocking news out of arizona, we first showed you kristen cinema, once called the people of her estate and her state the meth lab of democracy. in 2011 she's in texas and speaking and calling her federal arizonans that she wants to vote for her, calling them crazy. she also promoted an event and it arizona state university including a lawyer who represented a blind shake, convicted of the 1995 bombing, mastermind of terrorist pots. and, you can check that out yourself, to which it is. to reclaimed the tradition of feminist witchcraft against the iraq war. her opponent, martha mcsally, was defending her country and despite her unusual and frankly cd past, and martha mcsally has now jumped out to a thin lead to. claire mccaskill, you just saw him pretrade in the project veritas video, it's impo chuck schumer. take a look. >> claire mccaskill, caught on tape. >> and if we do our job in st. louis county, i could give up at the a few votes in the b. >> claire mccaskill. she's given up on you. >> i'm at josh hawley and i approve this message. >> sean: and give up a few votes, okay. and more shocking news out of arizona, we first showed you kristen cinema, once called the people of her estate and her state the meth lab of democracy. in 2011 she's in texas and... Hannity : FOXNEWSW : October 15, 2018 10:00pm-11:00pm PDT don't think she would be boarding for her. she is basically a vote for chuck schumer. take a look. >> claire mccaskill, caught on tape. >> if we do our job in st. louis county, i could give up a few votes in the bootnd he. >> listen again. >> i could give up a few votes in the boot heel boot heel. >> no wonder claire mccaskill votes against your gun rights, against agriculture, and against conservative judges like brettth kavanaugh like brett kavanaugh. >> i can give up a few votes in the boot heel. >> claire mccaskill is giving up on you. >> i'm josh hawley and i approve this message. >> sean: and give up a few votes, okay. and more shocking news out of arizona, remember last week and we first showed you democratic senate hopeful christians are kyrsten sinema once called the people of her state the meth lab of democracy. in 2011 she's in texas and speaking and calling her federal arizonans that she wants to vote for her, calling them crazy. she also promoted an event and it arizona state university including a lawyer who represented the blind sheikh, convicted of the 1995 bombing don't think she would be boarding for her. she is basically a vote for chuck schumer. take a look. >> claire mccaskill, caught on tape. >> if we do our job in st. louis county, i could give up a few votes in the bootnd he. >> listen again. >> i could give up a few votes in the boot heel boot heel. >> no wonder claire mccaskill votes against your gun rights, against agriculture, and against conservative judges like brettth kavanaugh like brett kavanaugh. >> i... Tucker Carlson Tonight : FOXNEWSW : October 22, 2018 9:00pm-10:00pm PDT for a democrat this november is a vote to surrender congress to nancy pelosi. crying chuck schumer. the great maxine waters. that's a beauty. maxine waters. you get that one? you got that? she's going to be in charge of your finances. [boos] good old maxine. low iq individual. low iq. how about this one? senator dianne feinstein. [boos] the mayor who did one of the worst trouble of any mayor, other than the guy running for governor in florida. he was a horrible mayor too. cory booker. he destroyed. he was so bad. and a sad thing happened last week. because elizabeth warren was exposed as being a total fraud, and i can no longer call her pocahontas because she has no indian blood. [cheers and applause] i can't call her pocahontas. she doesn't qualify. she has a -- i have been saying it for a long time. i've been saying it for a year and a half. i said i have more indian blood than she has, and i have none. i have none. but i can't use the name pocahontas anymore.'t but if you don't mind, i will anyway. is that okay? we've got to keep her down. but in the selection, the people of texas ar for a democrat this november is a vote to surrender congress to nancy pelosi. crying chuck schumer. the great maxine waters. that's a beauty. maxine waters. you get that one? you got that? she's going to be in charge of your finances. [boos] good old maxine. low iq individual. low iq. how about this one? senator dianne feinstein. [boos] the mayor who did one of the worst trouble of any mayor, other than the guy running for governor in florida. he was a horrible mayor too. cory booker. he... Fox and Friends First : FOXNEWSW : October 4, 2018 2:00am-3:00am PDT trump won. democrats, chuck schumer is really smart, the democratic leader, he realizes you have 90 million voters in the midterm, the trump campaign, our strategy was to bring out millions of new voters, it was 63 million for trump and if you have 63

(more) ▼ The mismatch repair (MMR) pathway maintains genome stability by repairing mutations incorporated in the genome during replication and recombination. While most microorganisms tend to have low mutation rates, a higher mutation rate can provide transient adaptive advantage to stress conditions by promoting adaptive mutations. Variants of the MMR genes, MLH1 and PMS1 from different yeast strains can display an incompatibility that results in a high mutation rate. MLH1 and PMS1 function as a heterodimer and the incompatibility is a result of single amino acid polymorphism in each protein. The incompatibility provides an adaptive advantage under stress but does so at the cost of long-term fitness. I identified 18 baker's yeast isolates from 1011 yeast isolates surveyed that contain the incompatible MLH1-PMS1 genotype in a heterozygous state. I tested the mutation rates of two clinical heterozygous diploid isolates, YJS5885 and YJS5845, and their spore clones. While both of these isolates were non-mutators, their meiotic spore progeny displayed mutation rates that varied over a 340-fold range, and MLH1-PMS1 incompatibility was the major driver of high mutation rate. The range in mutation rates might be in part because these isolates are heterozygous for several genes that may be modifying the mutation rate. My data are consistent with the variance in mutation rate contributing to adaptation to stress conditions through the acquisition of beneficial mutations, with high mutation rates leading to long-term fitness costs that are buffered by mating, or eliminated through natural selection. Furthermore, I observed that one of the isolates was aneuploid and generated aneuploid spore clones at a high frequency. Aneuploidy also provides a transient adaptive advantage under stress conditions. Thus, I obtained evidence for mechanisms in clinical yeast isolates that may provide an adaptive advantage in the human body. Advisors/Committee Members: Alani, Eric E. (chair), Peters, Joseph E. (committee member), Cohen, Paula (committee member). Subjects/Keywords: Molecular biology; Genetics; Biochemistry; Adaptation; mismatch repair; baker's yeast; clinical isolates; genetic incompatibility; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Raghavan, V. (2019). INCOMPATIBILITIES IN MISMATCH REPAIR GENES MLH1-PMS1 CONTRIBUTE TO A WIDE RANGE OF MUTATION RATES IN HUMAN ISOLATES OF BAKER'S YEAST . (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/67771 Raghavan, Vandana. "INCOMPATIBILITIES IN MISMATCH REPAIR GENES MLH1-PMS1 CONTRIBUTE TO A WIDE RANGE OF MUTATION RATES IN HUMAN ISOLATES OF BAKER'S YEAST." 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/67771. Raghavan, Vandana. "INCOMPATIBILITIES IN MISMATCH REPAIR GENES MLH1-PMS1 CONTRIBUTE TO A WIDE RANGE OF MUTATION RATES IN HUMAN ISOLATES OF BAKER'S YEAST." 2019. Web. 17 Jan 2021. Raghavan V. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN MISMATCH REPAIR GENES MLH1-PMS1 CONTRIBUTE TO A WIDE RANGE OF MUTATION RATES IN HUMAN ISOLATES OF BAKER'S YEAST. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/67771. Raghavan V. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN MISMATCH REPAIR GENES MLH1-PMS1 CONTRIBUTE TO A WIDE RANGE OF MUTATION RATES IN HUMAN ISOLATES OF BAKER'S YEAST. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/67771 17. Toledo, Melissa. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ORCHESTRATING CROSSOVER FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION DURING MAMMALIAN MEIOSIS. Degree: PhD, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2017, Cornell University ► In mammalian meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and undergo genetic recombination, or the exchange of genetic material through crossing over. The appropriate frequency and distribution… (more) ▼ In mammalian meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and undergo genetic recombination, or the exchange of genetic material through crossing over. The appropriate frequency and distribution of crossovers is essential for ensuring equal segregation of homologs at the first meiotic division. Crossover formation is initiated by 250-300 DSBs of which 90% are resolved as non-crossovers, while 10% are resolved as crossovers. MLH1/MLH3 (MutLγ) contains a putative endonuclease domain in MLH3 thought to be essential for crossover formation. One focus of this thesis was to elucidate the role of MutLγ in crossover resolution in vivo, while investigating how MutLγ is recruited to chromosomes at the appropriate time and frequency. We generated an Mlh3D1185N mouse (Mlh3DN/DN) harboring a point mutation within the endonuclease domain. Mlh3DN/DN males are infertile, yet exhibit normal mating behavior. Mlh3DN/DN spermatocytes exhibit normal DSB formation, synapsis, and localization of MutLγ to chromosomes. However, Mlh3DN/DN pachytene spermatocytes exhibit persistence of RAD51 and BLM. Diakinesis-staged cells show reduced crossovers, but somewhat elevated above that of Mlh3-/- males. Thus, the MLH3 endonuclease domain is essential for processing of the majority of DSB events ultimately destined to become crossovers. CNTD1 is implicated in designating DSB repair intermediates to become crossovers in male meiosis; however, the meiotic phenotype of Cntd1GT/GT females is unknown. Thus, the second focus of this thesis was to elucidate CNTD1 function during prophase I in females. Cntd1GT/GT females are infertile, yet exhibit normal mating behavior. Initial DSB processing events are normal in Cntd1GT/GT oocytes, yet pachytene oocytes have a high rate of synapsis defects and fail to recruit MutLγ to chromosomes, leading to significantly fewer chiasmata compared to Cntd1+/+ oocytes. Cntd1GT/GT oocytes also show severe spindle defects and abnormal chromosome arrangement. Histologically, pre-pubertal Cntd1GT/GT ovaries have fewer follicles when compared to Cntd1+/+ ovaries, and are depleted of oocytes by adulthood. Thus, CNTD1 is not essential for early DSB processing events, but is required for MutLγ recruitment and Class I crossover designation. Crossover formation (MLH3) and designation (CNTD1) must be controlled temporally, spatially, and quantitatively. It is this fascinating and exquisitely complex regulation that forms the basis for the studies outlined in this thesis. Advisors/Committee Members: Cohen, Paula E (chair), Johnson, Patricia A (committee member), Pawlowski, Wojtek (committee member), Schimenti, John C (committee member). Subjects/Keywords: CNTD1; crossover designation; crossover formation; meiosis; MLH3; Genetics; Molecular biology Toledo, M. (2017). MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ORCHESTRATING CROSSOVER FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION DURING MAMMALIAN MEIOSIS . (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/51577 Toledo, Melissa. "MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ORCHESTRATING CROSSOVER FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION DURING MAMMALIAN MEIOSIS." 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed January 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/51577. Toledo, Melissa. "MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ORCHESTRATING CROSSOVER FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION DURING MAMMALIAN MEIOSIS." 2017. Web. 17 Jan 2021. Toledo M. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ORCHESTRATING CROSSOVER FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION DURING MAMMALIAN MEIOSIS. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/51577. Toledo M. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS ORCHESTRATING CROSSOVER FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION DURING MAMMALIAN MEIOSIS. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/51577 18. Milano, Carolyn Rose. MutS[gamma] FUNCTION DURING MOUSE MEIOSIS. Degree: PhD, Genetics, Genomics and Development, 2019, Cornell University ► MutSγ is a highly conserved heterodimer comprised of MSH4 (MutS homolog 4) and MSH5 (MutS homolog 5). MutSγ complex is widely conserved across many lineages… (more) ▼ MutSγ is a highly conserved heterodimer comprised of MSH4 (MutS homolog 4) and MSH5 (MutS homolog 5). MutSγ complex is widely conserved across many lineages of eukaryotes with few exceptions. Unlike other MutS complexes, MSH4-MSH5 function is specific to, and essential for meiosis. Prophase I of meiosis harbors two events critical for proper segregation of homologs at the end of meiosis I: pairing/synapsis and homologous recombination. Loss of MutSγ function results in severe defects in one or both of these events in budding yeast (S. cerevisiae), in the nematode (C. elegans), among some plants including A. thaliana, and in mammals such as M. musculus. Specifically, in M. musculus loss of either MSH4 or MSH5 results in loss of meiocytes prior to pachynema. This suggests a function for MutSγ preceding pachynema has a critical role for cell vitality in mammals. The loss of meiocytes prior to pachynema in Msh5-/- or Msh4-/- makes it impossible to understand the function of MutSγ in crossover regulation. To further establish a function for mammalian MSH5, this work looks at two mouse lines, each with a different mutation in the Msh5 coding sequence. The first mouse (Msh5GA/GA) harbors a point mutation in the ATP binding domain of MSH5, predicted to disrupt binding. The second line (Msh5ΔC/ΔC) contains a deletion of the MSH5 c-terminus. Both of these mouse lines show a less severe phenotype in spermatogenesis than does Msh5-/-, allowing for phenotypic analysis of homologous recombination events throughout prophase I. A

iTunes and Netflix... Gareth Wood Gareth Wood is the author of three books so far, and has no plans to stop writing unless forced to by an apocalypse... Gerald Dean Rice Gerald Dean Rice is hard at work on something right now. Whether it's vampires, zombies, or something you've never seen before, he's always... Glenn Bullion I live in Maryland with my wonderful wife and three cats. I love gaming, computer technology, movies, and of course, reading and writing.... Grant Foxon Grant Foxon has been writing stories for as long as he can remember. Born in Shrewsbury, which was the birthplace of many alumni... Hollis Weller Howie Abrams Howie Abrams is a former music business executive turned author. He co-authored Finding Joseph I: An Oral History of H.R. from Bad Brains,... Iain McKinnon Iain McKinnon was born in Scotland in the early seventies and lived a happy well balanced childhood, with the exception of being forced... Ian Randal Strock J. Rudolph J. Rudolph is the author of the zombie series The Reanimates. Born in 1977, she resides in Southern California with her husband, son,... J.F. Gonzalez J.L. Bourne J.L. Bourne is an active duty military officer and currently resides in the Washington D.C. area. He has completed numerous tours of duty... An independent writer and producer, Jack Cashill has written eleven books in the past thirteen years, most recently TWA 800: The Crash, The... Jack Keely Some claim that Jack Keely is the son of a celebrated spiritualist. Others insist that he grew up in the wagons of a... Jack Teng Born in Montreal, Canada, Jack later moved to the West Coast (Vancouver) to do a doctoral degree that involved collecting many thousand ticks... Jacqueline Druga Jacqueline Druga is a native of Pittsburgh, Pa. She is a prolific writer and filmmaker. Her published works include genres of all types,... Jake Bible Born Jacob David Bible pre-Microsoft in Bellevue, WA, Jake was whisked away to the Beaver State when he was three and raised fundamentalist... James Crawford James is a writer, amateur bladesmith, and subversive suburbanite when no one else is looking. He and his wife live in the Washington,... James Newman James Wolanyk James Wolanyk is a writer, freelance editor, and amateur treasure hunter in his final years of university. He hails from the backwoods of... Jamie Mason is a Canadian writer of dark sci-fi whose short stories have appeared in On Spec, Abyss & Apex and the Canadian... Jason Bovberg Jason Bovberg is the author of the apocalyptic horror novel Under the Skin, and its sequel Blood Red, as well as the nostalgic... Jason Brannon Jason Hornsby Jason S. Hornsby is the author of the horror novels Every Sigh, The End and Eleven Twenty-Three, as well as several short stories... Jason Offutt Jason Offutt has been a newspaper reporter, magazine editor, sports photographer, bartender, farmhand, and the mayor of a Midwest small town. He teaches... Jay Bonansinga Jay Bonansinga is a New York Times bestselling author of twenty-two books, including the Bram Stoker finalist THE BLACK MARIAH (1994), the International... Jay Wilburn Jeff Prebis Jeff Prebis is the author of the novel, The Debacle and A Trip Down Psychopath Lane, and the gloriously gory short story collection... Jennifer Brozek Jennifer Brozek is a Hugo Award-nominated editor and an award-winning author. Winner of the Australian Shadows Award for best edited publication, Jennifer has edited... Jeremiah Israel Jeremiah Israel was born and raised in Chicago. He now lives in Fort Wayne, IN with his wife and twin daughters. He has... Jessica Meigs Jessica Meigs is the author of The Becoming, a post-apocalyptic thriller series that follows a group of people trying to survive a massive... Jim LaVigne Jim LaVigne is the author of several novels of genre-crossing popular fiction, including his latest, PLAGUESVILLE, USA, published by PERMUTED PRESS. He lives... Joe McKinney John B. Clark John Barry Hubbard Jr. John J. Woods John J. Woods, Ph.D., has earned a bachelor's degree in biology, a master's degree in wildlife science, and a doctorate in industrial psychology.... John Leahy When not writing, John Leahy spends his time reading, working out, keeping abreast of current affairs and teaching and performing music. He is... Jonathan Moon Jonathan Moon is the author of such twisted tomes as HEINOUS, Stories To Poke Your Eyes Out To, Worms in the Needle as... Joseph Souza Joseph Souza worked on the South Boston docks during Whitey Bulger's criminal reign. He has a degree from Northeastern University and once worked... Karen Heuler Ken Nolan Ken Nolan has been a working screenwriter in Hollywood since his first script sale to Warner Brothers Studios in 1994. He wrote the... Kenneth W. Harmon Kenneth W. Harmon is a retired Fort Worth police officer. He lives in Fort Collins, CO, with his wife and daughters. His publications... Kerry Alan Denney Colleagues and readers alike have dubbed Kerry Alan Denney The Reality Bender. The multiple award-winning author of the paranormal thriller SOULSNATCHER, numerous short... Kevin J. Burke Kevin L Donihe I am a professor of religious studies, and the author of several books on the Bible and theology. I grew up in New... Kirk Allmond Kirk Allmond takes on all aspects of zombies. This isn't just a vocation, it's a passion. In 2006, The Zombie Preparedness... Kody Boye Kristina Circelli Night owl, Dorito lover, and quiet eccentric - Kristina Circelli is the author of several fiction novels that span genres, including The Helping... L.E. Thomas L.E. Thomas lives in Georgia with his wife and rescued dog, where he is currently at work on his next novel.... Laura Bretz Lee Argus Lee Argus is a military veteran who served eleven years of active duty in the U.S. Army. He draws his inspiration from his... Lee Moan Lyn C. A. Gardner M.G. Anthony M.L. Katz Mack Moyer Mack Moyer is an infrequently sober writer from Philadelphia. Sketches of the Wigwam was inspired by his hapless travels in the coal country... Mark D. Campbell Mark D. Campbell was born and raised in a small subdivision outside Houston, Texas. In 2003 he studied creative writing at the University... Mark E. Rogers Born in 1952, author-illustrator Mark E. Rogers is best known for the Samurai Cat books: The Adventures of Samurai Cat, More Adventures of... Mark Justice Mark Tufo Mark Tufo was born in Boston Massachusetts. He attended UMASS Amherst where he obtained a BA and later joined the US Marine Corp.... Martin Livings Mason James Cole Mason James Cole's first novel, Pray to Stay Dead, was called "a revelation" by Badass Digest, and is available through Permuted Press. He's... Mathew Klickstein Mathew Klickstein is a longtime journalist, author, filmmaker, arts therapist, and playwright. His books include: SLIMED! An Oral History of Nickelodeon's Golden Age... Max Byrd Max Byrd is the author of bestselling historical novels about Ulysses Grant, Thomas Jefferson, and Andrew Jackson. Winner of the Shamus Award for... Meg Files Meghan Jurado Formed in 1981 by drummer Lars Ulrich and guitarist/vocalist James Hetfield, Metallica has become one of the most influential and commercially successful rock... Michael Clary Michael Clary was raised in El Paso, Texas. He is the author of The Guardian Interviews series (The Guardian, The Regulators, Broken,... Michael Fosen Michael Kaves Michael "Kaves" McLeer is a legendary graffiti artist, the author of Skin Graf: Masters of Graffiti Tattoo, and illustrator for Hip-Hop Alphabet. He... Michael Sellars Michael W. Clark Michael Westen Michael Westen is an Army Infantry Iraq war veteran. An avid adventurist and prepper, he spends his time preparing his wife and... Michelle DePaepe Michelle DePaepe writes paranormal and apocalyptic fiction. She is the author of Eaters and two indie novels: The Gardener and Vampire Music. She... Mike McMullen A program manager by profession, Mike McMullen is a skilled hunter, backpacker, and outdoorsman, a veteran Boy Scout leader, and the proud father... Mikhail Lerma Mikhail Lerma was raised in the small town of Holdrege, Nebraska. In the third grade he wrote his first short story, in which... Nathan Barnes Nathan Barnes lives in Richmond, Virginia with his two kids and lovely wife. Whenever he can he is exploring creative hobbies of writing,... Neil A. Cohen Neil A. Cohen has spent the past twenty years working with federal, state and local government agencies supporting emergency management and counter terrorism.... Norman Dixon Norman studied Cartooning & Illustration at the School of Visual Arts. He lives on Hilton Head Island with his wife Jeanette and their... P.A. Douglas P. A.

granted to those students who obtained admission in properly accredited universities. Quality Assessment Authority (QAA) – Checks, controls and plans the academic standards and quality of universities in UK. In the UK, universities are subject to strict quality control. As such, there are no 'official' rankings given either by the Government or private bodies, since all the universities are considered 'good' for education. However, rankings are given by publications like the Times Education Supplement, The Guardian etc. subjective and are neither endorsed by the university or Government. If you wish to know more about the ranks, please see the following links: http://education.guardian.co.uk/universityguide2009/0,,2276673,00.html and/or http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/tol_gug/gooduniversityguide.php What is the last date for filing University Application? Most or all of the UK Universities offer admission to students on a first-come-first-serve, provided the student fulfill the entry requirements, hence there is no official closing date for application filing with most of the Universities. As the student is required to get his visa, which might add some more time to the process it is recommended that the student file his application at the earliest by February or at the latest by early July for the September intake and by November for the February intake. An early application apart from enhancing the student chances of getting a successful offer would also give the student the added advantage of applying for scholarships and ensuring the best of accommodation. What are the documents required for admission? All academic documents, IELTS/TOEFL score, Bank Statement and Affidavit of Support. Photo, Passport copy (first two pages) How should the students pay tuition fee and when? A Tuition Deposit is payable before issue of Letter of Admission. Balance is payable before registering for the classes, after reaching the university. When will an Unconditional letter of offer be issued? After payment of tuition and accommodation deposit and clearing all the conditions as laid down by the university while issuing the Conditional Letter of Offer What are the entry requirements for UK universities? Each University course has different entrance requirements and you should your counselor at Impel for information on the entry requirements for their courses. You will be able to find the entry requirements for undergraduate level courses at www.ucas.com . Individual university websites also provide information on entry requirements for each course. If the course does not list information about requirements for international students, Impel will do the needful for you. Do Universities allow me to pay my fees in installments? Most Universities collect their fees in installments. For a one year PG program the student could pay the fees in 2 installments the first being paid at the start of his course and the second installment at the beginning of the second term. Understanding the earning potential in India most Universities offer this sort of Flexible fee payment options Why do Universities collect security deposits? Security deposit is collected from intending students as Universities have come to face a problem with many students not reporting to the Universities after entering UK. This has been an issue of great concern for the institutions as well as the immigration authorities as most of such students have an high potential of becoming illegal full-time workers. In order to overcome this hurdle recent years have seen the implementation of the security deposit scheme by most of the Universities. This has become the most effective way to judge the genuineness of the intending student and also partial payment of fees and the security deposit go a long way in proving the financial status of the student for visa purposes. Financial options available to me for pursuing UK education? Apart from self savings and family sponsorship from India & Abroad the student could also avail the following options to finance his studies in the UK Scholarships-University Scholarships, International Scholarships, regional awards and other scholarships. Bank Loans-many nationalized banks are offering student loans for students undertaking studies in foreign countries. These have low interest rates and flexible repayment options and are mostly sanctioned with a few days on producing convincing collateral properties. Part-time Work- As an international student studying in the UK you are entitled to work part-time for 20 hours in a week and full-time that is 40hrs in a week during vacation. With salaries ranging from £4-£6. Thus, enabling the student to cover a considerable amount of his living expenses through this. What is UCAS? Universities & Colleges Admission Services (UCAS) is the central organization that processes applications for full-time undergraduate courses at UK universities and colleges. What are the benefits of applying through UCAS? UCAS gives the applying student the advantage of applying to 6 different Universities on one form for a small fee. The student could also add to the 6 Universities through the clearing scheme. Can I also apply directly to the University for a UG program? Some Universities do take applications directly for UG programs but this happens mostly when the deadlines have lapsed and spot admissions are underway. Though the University might take an application directly from the student it still sends the application to UCAS to get the approval. Can Impel give assistance in applying for Scholarships? Scholarship assistance is a very essential part of our service. We would give in depth advice on applying to scholarships like Chevening Scholarship, Rhodes Scholarships etc and also provide you with information on regional scholarships, institution based scholarships and scholarships offered by Multi-national companies. Work Permit FAQs Can I do part-time work during my studies? All students can work part time for 20 hours per week and full time during vacations. Jobs can be casual, temporary in nature. For e.g.:- Shops, Food joints, Supermarkets, University Departments, Libraries, computer centre, call centers etc. Sometimes the Career Services will have notices for Part time / Vacation work. What are the job opportunities after my studies? With the job market scenario widening with the influx of MNC's in India, opportunities in India are numerous and diverse. To work in UK, students would require a work-permit to work in UK. For more details visit thewww.workpermits.gov.uk section. How does Impel help me? Impel offers you a broad portfolio of excellently managed pre-visa to post landing services tailored to the needs of the students seeking for overseas education. Moreover Impel provides you online chat with its experts and login account for the students to clarify all their queries and get latest updates and reviews regarding overseas education. Impel processes applications for all Universities and Colleges that suits the student profile and ensures that the institutions applied for are accredited and reputed. Once students come to Impel, they need not go anywhere else as all their needs are looked after professionally. Who can be the sponsor for my Australian Education? It can be the applicant itself (self-sponsor), or their parents, grandparents (Paternal or Maternal), or spouse, or their brother or sister. My IELTS score is less than the university requirement. Can I still apply for the admission? Yes you can, with an option of pursuing ELICOS (English Language) course in Australia. Do the colleges accept the sponsorship from USA or UK? Yes It is acceptable. What are the intakes for education in Australia? The main intake is in February, while few universities commence some programs from the months of July & November. Is IELTS mandatory for the visa? Yes, IELTS is mandatory for applying Australia visa and the test should be taken within 2 years from the date of application for admission. What is the minimum eligibility of IELTS for Australia Education? It varies by the university. But most universities prefer the score bands of 5.5 / 6.0 as the minimum eligibility and also 7.0 for some universities When should I start my admission process for Australia? If you are planning for February intake, you have to start the admission process by September itself. And if you are planning for July intake, then you should to start the admission process by February and for November intake you have to start by June. What

borders than in expanding them. He conducted lengthy tours of his empire but did not attempt fresh conquest. Image © Blue Guides That there were no surface remains is taken as proof that the aqueduct was actually never built. It had been carefully planned and the closeness of the foundations suggests that the engineers were well aware of the seismic nature of the area and of the dangers of building on marshy ground. Trajan would have been proud of them! But it seems as if the local people were not convinced. By Paola Pugsley, author of Blue Guide Mediterranean Turkey Posted on 15 July 2020 by Blue Guides "Gripping" and "delicious": Harry Mount reviews The Blue Guide's latest offering for Chapter House in the Catholic Herald. Ever since 1918, Blue Guides have been the best guides to European cities. No other guide has the sheer quantity of facts. For people who want to know why a building is where it is, who built it, when and in what style, they're the only option. Alta Macadam, a Florence expat, has been writing Blue Guides since 1970. Annabel Barber, Editorial Director of the Blue Guides, has, like Macadam, tramped every cobble (or black, basalt sanpietrino) of Rome's roads, and the roads leading to Rome – the entry on the Via Appia is peerless. Posted in All, Ancient world, Italy, Rome and Lazio | Tagged Blue Guide, roman hairstyle, Rome The legend of Şahmeran If you happen to be in Tarsus, driving east along the central Adana Blv, you will find to your left, at the large roundabout 100m north of the Ulu Cami and the so-called Church of St Paul, a fountain with an intriguing statue in the middle of a small basin. It shows a triton standing on its coiled scaly tail with back and sides covered with large erect snakes, twelve of them: they hold the water pipes. More smaller snakes appear to be arranged as a sort of crown on the head of the figure. This is Şahmeran, and the connection seems to be with Persia, since Şahmeran translates as 'king of snakes' in Farsi. However, there is also talk of Egyptian origins, but in any case the legend of Şahmeran appears widespread all over the East, normally with a reference to medicine and healing. In fact, the coupling of healing with snakes is still with us, as the staff of Aesculapius (a roughly-hewn branch with one coiled snake, illustrated here) well testifies. A 50cm by 50cm relief of Şahmeran (now in Kars museum) was recently unearthed at Ani near the cathedral. The plaque shows a creature with a snake's body, a dragon's head protruding from its back and a human face that looks decidedly female. The Tarsus Şahmeran is definitely a man, at least according to local lore (you can find a number of images of him on the Internet, for example on this TripAdvisor page here). In Tarsus Şahmeran is linked to the nearby bath, the Şahmeran hamam. It is open for business today though its origins are very old. The building is c. 15th–century, with 19thcentury restorations , but it is said to rest on top of a Roman bath, as yet unexplored. It is here that Şahmeran is said to have met his end, when he was discovered peeping at his beloved from an opening in the cupola. He was swiftly dispatched on the marble massage table by having his head cut off. Stains of his blood are apparently still visible and the local people have been dreading the snakes' revenge ever since. Meanwhile, Şahmeran left his body to science so to speak, with momentous consequences. Both the local ruler and his deputy had fallen seriously ill and Şahmeran instructed a young man by the name of Lokman in the art of medicine. He told him to take his (Şahmeran's) body, cut it into three parts and boil it. The meat was served to the ruler, who was healed, and the stock to his 'vizir', who died—and rightly so, since he was devious and untrustworthy. Justice was done. From these promising beginnings, Lokman proceeded to learn about herbs, potions and infusions. Indeed, he acquired the skill of understanding the speech of plants. He would go for walks in the countryside, listen to what they said, and then he knew what to do: his career was assured. by Paola Pugsley. Her Blue Guide Mediterranean Turkey, which includes Tarsus, will be published this summer. For other books by Paola on Turkey, see here. Posted in All, Ancient world, Turkey and Istanbul | Tagged healing legends, Şahmeran, Tarsus, Turkey SPQR and expressions of Rome As work for the 12th edition of Blue Guide Rome goes full steam ahead, we found ourselves coming up time and time again against the letters SPQR, reproduced all over the city, on lamp posts, manhole covers and public fountains, not to mention in ancient inscriptions. Here is a little piece on that and other familiar quotations from ancient Rome. Public fountain on the Caelian hill. The Latin acronym SPQR (which stands for Senatus Populusque Romanus, 'the Senate and People of Rome') has been used since the days of the Republic to represent the Romans (significantly giving 'the people' equal status with 'the Senate'). Today it stands for the municipality and it appears carved, embossed and stencilled in numerous places all over the capital. In fact, it is still such a familiar 'word' that it was chosen by the Cambridge Professor of Classics Mary Beard as the title of her best-selling history of ancient Rome in 2015 (SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome). Many of the other familiar quotations still in use in the English language are—perhaps not surprisingly—linked to the most famous character in ancient Roman history, Julius Caesar. His famous quip 'Veni, vidi, vici' ('I came, I saw, I conquered') is reported by Plutarch and is meant to have been the message sent back by Caesar to the Romans about how he was getting on with his military campaigns in Gaul. It sums up the character of a general who managed to conquer enemy territory with astonishing speed. The 'crossing of the Rubicon', used to signify an irrevocable step or point of no return, refers to the river which marked the northern boundary of Italy with Cisalpine Gaul, the province which had been allotted to Julius Caesar. When Caesar descended with his huge army and crossed into Roman territory, he became in effect an 'invader' and although at the time it seemed he would have been able to take over the rule of the Empire on his arrival in Rome, in fact this was delayed for some years and he was not able to prevent the outbreak of a civil war. The exact date of the crossing is still disputed (perhaps 49 BC) and interestingly enough the exact location of the river (possibly no more than a stream) has never been established. It was Shakespeare who first used the phrase 'Et tu, Brute?' ('You, too, Brutus?') in his play Julius Caesar, when the wounded hero recognises the renegade Brutus in the group of his assassins. Other expressions which have survived the centuries include 'When in Rome do as the Romans do' and 'Rome was not built in a day' (perhaps first used in the early 17th century by Cervantes and Robert Burton, author of the Anatomy of Melancholy in 1621). One of the most famous re-interpretations to have survived is 'Civis Romanus sum' ('I am a Roman citizen'), famously used by J.F. Kennedy in West Berlin in 1963 ('All free men are citizens of Berlin: ich bin ein Berliner'), and subsequently voiced by political leaders as well as in public demonstrations against injustices. As Mary Beard has pointed out, the expression Civis Romanus sum

Protective immunity following vaccination: How is it defined? Ian J. Amanna, Ilhem Messaoudi, Mark K. Slifka Vaccination represents an important medical breakthrough pioneered by Edward Jenner over 200 years ago when he developed the world's first vaccine against smallpox. To this day, vaccination remains the most effective means available for combating infectious disease. There are currently over 20 vaccines licensed for use within the US with many more vaccines in the R&D pipeline. Although vaccines must demonstrate clinical efficacy in order to receive FDA approval, the correlates of immunity vary remarkably between different vaccines and may be based primarily on animal studies, clinical evidence, or a combination of these sources of information. Correlates of protection are critical for measuring vaccine efficacy but researchers should know the history and limitations of these values. As vaccine technologies advance, the way in which we measure and define protective correlates may need to evolve as well. Here, we describe the correlates of protective immunity for vaccines against smallpox, tetanus, yellow fever and measles and compare these to a more recently introduced vaccine against varicella zoster virus, wherein a strict correlate of immunity has yet to be fully defined. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.4.4.5751 Protective immunity 10.4161/hv.4.4.5751 Dive into the research topics of 'Protective immunity following vaccination: How is it defined?'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. Immunity Medicine & Life Sciences 100% Vaccination Medicine & Life Sciences 98% Smallpox Vaccine Medicine & Life Sciences 55% Yellow Fever Medicine & Life Sciences 24% Tetanus Medicine & Life Sciences 20% Measles Medicine & Life Sciences 19% Amanna, I. J., Messaoudi, I., & Slifka, M. K. (2008). Protective immunity following vaccination: How is it defined? Human Vaccines, 4(4), 316-319. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.4.4.5751 Protective immunity following vaccination : How is it defined? / Amanna, Ian J.; Messaoudi, Ilhem; Slifka, Mark K. In: Human Vaccines, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2008, p. 316-319. Amanna, IJ, Messaoudi, I & Slifka, MK 2008, 'Protective immunity following vaccination: How is it defined?', Human Vaccines, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 316-319. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.4.4.5751 Amanna IJ, Messaoudi I, Slifka MK. Protective immunity following vaccination: How is it defined? Human Vaccines. 2008;4(4):316-319. doi: 10.4161/hv.4.4.5751 Amanna, Ian J. ; Messaoudi, Ilhem ; Slifka, Mark K. / Protective immunity following vaccination : How is it defined?. In: Human Vaccines. 2008 ; Vol. 4, No. 4. pp. 316-319. @article{36e872c9bf7941389638871c30fa433c, title = "Protective immunity following vaccination: How is it defined?", abstract = "Vaccination represents an important medical breakthrough pioneered by Edward Jenner over 200 years ago when he developed the world's first vaccine against smallpox. To this day, vaccination remains the most effective means available for combating infectious disease. There are currently over 20 vaccines licensed for use within the US with many more vaccines in the R&D pipeline. Although vaccines must demonstrate clinical efficacy in order to receive FDA approval, the correlates of immunity vary remarkably between different vaccines and may be based primarily on animal studies, clinical evidence, or a combination of these sources of information. Correlates of protection are critical for measuring vaccine efficacy but researchers should know the history and limitations of these values. As vaccine technologies advance, the way in which we measure and define protective correlates may need to evolve as well. Here, we describe the correlates of protective immunity for vaccines against smallpox, tetanus, yellow fever and measles and compare these to a more recently introduced vaccine against varicella zoster virus, wherein a strict correlate of immunity has yet to be fully defined.", keywords = "Measles, Protective immunity, Smallpox, Tetanus, Varicella zoster virus, Yellow fever", author = "Amanna, {Ian J.} and Ilhem Messaoudi and Slifka, {Mark K.}", note = "Funding Information: Chickenpox is caused by infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). This disease is usually self-limiting and benign but can lead to severe complications in young infants, pregnant women and immune-compromised individuals. A live attenuated vaccine against chickenpox (Varivax{\textregistered}) was approved by the FDA in 1995 and the efficacy of this vaccine was determined by comparing the rate of Acknowledgements varicella incidence in vaccinated versus unvaccinated children with This study was supported by NIH grants, AI054458 (M.K.S.), confirmed exposures. Initially, vaccine efficacy was calculated at 86%,25 but later studies showed that immunity wanes over time.26 AI063675 (M.K.S.), American federation for aging research grant Introduction of routine vaccination against chickenpox has led to a A07136 (I.M.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center dramatic decrease in VZV-related hospitalizations and deaths but the grants RR000163 (M.K.S.) and RR00163-47 (I.M.). . immunological correlate of immunity is open to debate. Similar to References smallpox and measles, human VZV does not naturally infect other in some of the western counties of England, particularly Gloucestershire, and known by the 1.Jenner E. An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae, a disease discovered immunity will likely come from complex viruses such as VZV as well as other pathogens that may require a combination of both cellular and humoral immunity in order to provide effective host defense. Under these circumstances, new correlates of immunity will need to be defined and validated. Until such correlates are demonstrated, the long-term efficacy for new vaccines, and the potential susceptibility of vaccinated populations, may in some cases remain uncertain.", doi = "10.4161/hv.4.4.5751", journal = "Human Vaccines", T1 - Protective immunity following vaccination T2 - How is it defined? AU - Amanna, Ian J. AU - Messaoudi, Ilhem AU - Slifka, Mark K. N1 - Funding Information: Chickenpox is caused by infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). This disease is usually self-limiting and benign but can lead to severe complications in young infants, pregnant women and immune-compromised individuals. A live attenuated vaccine against chickenpox (Varivax®) was approved by the FDA in 1995 and the efficacy of this vaccine was determined by comparing the rate of Acknowledgements varicella incidence in vaccinated versus unvaccinated children with This study was supported by NIH grants, AI054458 (M.K.S.), confirmed exposures. Initially, vaccine efficacy was calculated at 86%,25 but later studies showed that immunity wanes over time.26 AI063675 (M.K.S.), American federation for aging research grant Introduction of routine vaccination against chickenpox has led to a A07136 (I.M.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center dramatic decrease in VZV-related hospitalizations and deaths but the grants RR000163 (M.K.S.) and RR00163-47 (I.M.). . immunological correlate of immunity is open to debate. Similar to References smallpox and measles, human VZV does not naturally infect other in some of the western counties of England, particularly Gloucestershire, and known by the 1.Jenner E. An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae, a disease discovered immunity will likely come from complex viruses such as VZV as well as other pathogens that may require a combination of both cellular and humoral immunity in order to provide effective host defense. Under these circumstances, new correlates of immunity will need to be defined and validated. Until such correlates are demonstrated, the long-term efficacy for new vaccines, and the potential susceptibility of vaccinated populations, may in some cases remain uncertain. N2 - Vaccination represents an important medical breakthrough pioneered by Edward Jenner over 200 years ago when he developed the world's first vaccine against smallpox. To this day, vaccination remains the most effective means available for combating infectious disease. There are currently over 20 vaccines licensed for use within the US with many more vaccines in the R&D pipeline. Although vaccines must demonstrate clinical efficacy in order to receive FDA approval, the correlates of immunity vary remarkably between different vaccines and may be based primarily on animal studies, clinical evidence, or a combination of these sources of information. Correlates of protection are critical for measuring vaccine efficacy but researchers should know the history and limitations of these values. As vaccine technologies advance, the way in which we measure and define protective correlates may need to evolve as well. Here, we describe the correlates of protective immunity for vaccines against smallpox, tetanus, yellow fever and measles and compare these to

Explore an untouched and largely unknown part of wild Patagonia. The Gaucho Way is our signature route. It follows traditional routes used by the Gauchos, Chilean cowboys who are friends and neighbors. On horseback, they herd cattle to market and return to their homesteads with flour, sugar, yerba mate and other sundries. The Gaucho Way denotes both their passage through the mountain landscape and their distinctive, gracious culture. We ride through beautiful valleys, lush forests, craggy mountain trails, and sandy beaches all with the Northern Patagonia Icefield rising 10,000 feet above you. The horse is one of the most salient features of everyday rural life and to ride a horse in the vast expanse of wild Patagonia is more than a simple adventure. It is also a chance to become momentarily immersed in the distinctive and gracious culture of the local cowboys, or gauchos, and to be offered a glimpse into one of the most traditional cultures of Chilean society. Day 1: Depart country of origin on international flight to Santiago, Chile (SCL). Day 2: Arrive Santiago. Domestic flight to Balmaceda Regional Airport (BBA). Private transfer to Puerto Bertrand. Boat shuttle to Patagonia Frontiers Main Ranch. Overnight at Patagonia Frontiers Guest House, Main Ranch. Day 3: Orientation and day ride. Overnight at PF Guest House, Main Ranch. Day 4: Begin multi-day horse ride in Solér Valley and Cacho Valley. 12 km. (7 mi.). Overnight Tent Camp at Cacho Ranch. Day 8: Private transfer to Balmaceda Regional Airport. Domestic flight to Santiago. Begin international flight. Day 9: Arrive final destination. Day 1: Depart your country of origin on an international flight to Santiago, Chile (SCL). Day 2: Upon arrival to the Santiago airport you transfer to a domestic flight. Your driver will meet you at the regional Balmaceda airport (BBA) where you will continue your journey. You will travel south on the Austral Highway on paved and improved gravel roads. Within 300 kilometers of driving you pass two small villages, Villa Cerro Castillo, at the foot of its impressive peak, and Puerto Río Tranquilo, a village on the shores of Lago General Carrera, Chile's largest lake, and South America's second largest lake. You will continue south, poised between the deep blue waters of the lake and the sharp, snowy peaks flanking the Northern Patagonia Icefield. You will arrive at the tiny hamlet of Puerto Bertrand, located at the headwaters of the Baker River, Chile's largest volume river, a world-class fishery and the centerpiece of a dormant, yet contentious dam-building project by the Spanish Energy Consortium, Endesa. Puerto Bertrand is your departure point for Patagonia Frontiers. You board a boat and travel 16 kilometers (10 mi.) across two connected lakes to reach our dock and main ranch. There are no roads here. Once you've met your guides and staff and had a look around you'll get settled into your accommodations in the guest house. Driving time is approximately six hours, with a one-hour boat shuttle. Day 3: This morning you will be introduced to some of the ranch's sturdy Criollo mounts and become familiar with the comfortable Gaucho tack. Plan on riding and exploring as you get to know the horses and some of the surrounding terrain. The horse is one of the most salient features of everyday rural life here and visitors soon notice the ubiquitous mount, saddled and waiting outside each sparsely scattered homestead. Here, the relationship between horse and rider begins early in life. It is no surprise to come across a child atop a horse, riding alone, confidently along a mountain path. In the evening loads are prepared for panniers and packhorses that will accompany us on the next portion of our trip. Overnight in the guest house. Day 4: Begin the day with yerba mate, a bitter tea sipped from a gourd through a metal straw. It is a traditional start to any Patagonia day and important social custom. After a hearty breakfast, the horses are saddled, the packhorses loaded with food and camping gear, and you begin your ride. The long valleys, lush temperate forests, and mountain peaks offer a wide variety of terrain in which to ride and it's not uncommon to see soaring condors. The varied terrain means that you'll be able to experience everything from craggy mountain trails to long, sandy beaches, and always with a backdrop of the majestic mountain panorama. Tonight's destination is situated on the banks of the Cacho River. This tent camp is located just beyond the intersection of two expansive valleys facing each other across the Solér Valley floor. This is one of our favorite spots and we always sense energy here, be it from the massive peaks, the open space, the flowing water, or the pristine landscape. There's contentment here in an evening fire, while enjoying good company, and watching the horses graze against a slowly darkening backdrop that reveals southern stars above white, jagged peaks. Riding distance is approximately 12 kilometers (7 mi.). Day 5: Mate and breakfast are around a campfire as you watch the long, creeping approach of the morning's sun slip down from the peak tops to the valley floor. Today, you will ride and explore an untouched depth of wild Patagonia that is seldom revealed. If the day is clear, your views will encompass the surrounding peaks and glaciers, five and six thousand feet in elevation above and the awe-inspiring and formidable Northern Patagonia Icefield, with Cerro Hyades standing firm at the head of the Cacho Valley. The difference in elevation between your horse's hooves and the summit of this colossal peak is 10,000 feet! Along the way is the old-growth forest of Coigüe, or Dombey's beech, with its elegant branches and thick, lustrous evergreen leaves. The large Magellanic woodpecker is frequently seen or heard here, with its resoundingly deep echo reverberating through the air as it searches for grubs in the ruin of aged trunks. This is also home to the endangered huemul, or South Andean Deer, as well as predators such as the Geoffroy's Cat, Patagonian Fox, and Puma. Hidden in plain view, inconspicuous amongst the grandeur of the landscape, is a marble mountainside. Weather, river levels, the group's energy and pace will ultimately influence the furthest point of the ride. If conditions permit it is possible to reach as far as the massive glacier's edge before returning to the tent camp for the night. Riding distance is approximately 12-18 kilometers (7-11 mi.). Day 6: As the morning sunlight edges toward camp, you'll sip yerba mate around a fire and marvel as the light plays over the peaks of snow, ice and rock. There's plenty of time to take in the beauty before packing up camp and heading back home down valley. Perhaps we will have an opportunity to pass by one of our neighbor's homesteads, subsistence ranches deep in the wilderness, an enclave of human presence and friendly hospitality. The evening will include a customary Patagonia barbeque, or asado. Guests, staff and neighbors traditionally all share in this feast of meat, slow-roasted over an open fire, new potatoes, fresh salad from the greenhouse, bread and wine. Don't be surprised if you find yourself staying up late to listen to the strumming of a guitar and a soft, Spanish melody. Day 7: Breathe in the refreshing, cool morning air. Spend the morning on a stroll along the beach, or through the orchards, gardens and greenhouses. Take a walk in the pasture and share a moment with the horses, or relax as you prepare to say goodbye to the ranch before departing by boat to Puerto Bertrand. The dock there is the departure point for a whitewater rafting descent of the crystal-clear powerhouse that is the Baker River. Overnight in Puerto Bertrand at a local guest cabin, or bed and breakfast. Picnic at the Confluencia, the junction of the might

sent off after half hour for elbow on but it was only Andre 's header from Cristiano Ronaldo's cross that sealed all three points.Ducks are still available for adoption for $5 online and person on race day, Derby ambassadors include Hendricks and Willson Contreras of the Chicago Cubs. Though the top-seeded Patriots are heavy favorites the matchup, 's status as Colorado Rockies Womens Jersey the unquestioned top option out of the backfield makes him a solid DFS building block against a New England rush defense that ceded 4 yards per during the regular , the second-worst the NFL.We've got a big first- and second-down back, Vrabel said of .He represented the United States at the 2017 Ivan Hlinka Memorial and their silver-medal entry at the 2017 World Junior A Challenge .01 2018 by RotoWire Staff | RotoWire Titans' : Another leading role on tap.With the increased opportunity now at hand, 's fantasy prospects are clearly on the rise advance of the coming NFL .Scotland then travel to Budapest on 27 to take on Hungary, who are currently ranked 54th the world. With DeMarco ruled out, per of the Tennessee Titans' official site, is line to head the Titans' backfield Sunday against the Jaguars.The Titans can secure a wild-card playoff spot with a win, so we'd expect to plenty of on Sunday.The club said it has more than 659 million fans worldwide.There's also a massive match Group B, where second-placed Portugal host first-placed Switzerland – live on and – with top spot on the line. Rockets 3 PM ?since 2011. Tennessee Titans head coach Mularkey confirmed Sunday that would likely start at running back Tennessee's divisional-round matchup with New England on .Visiting North America give the team the best possible preparation for the new , using top class training facilities and playing some great stadiums, Woodward, Manchester United's executive vice chairman, said a statement.Sweden's superior goal difference over means a draw against the Netherlands would move them into first if Belarus claim unlikely win at the Stade de .Tennessee Titans head coach Mularkey confirmed Sunday that would likely start at running back Tennessee's divisional-round matchup with New England on .soon had a from Scott McKenna's cross but could not get hold of his first-time effort and the goalkeeper made a more comfortable save.Christmas Day Schedule ? Scotland remained on top but had a warning on the hour mark when Roland Varga was allowed to work his way inside and loop a long-range strike which tipped over.Moves towards the play side even if formation is used as misdirection.13, Wolfe of reports.While Mularkey isn't ruling DeMarco out for the showdown with the Patriots after the veteran running back sat out the team's playoff-opening win over the Chiefs last weekend, be line for the lead role again after producing 191 yards from scrimmage and a touchdown on 25 touches the upset victory.July 26 Barcelona FedEx Field, Washington, D.C.Utah Jazz 10 PM ? July 15 Los Galaxy StubHub Stadium, ?Sweden's superior goal difference over means a draw against the Netherlands would move them into first if Belarus claim unlikely win at the Stade de .NaVorro Bowman Bottom Line.Christmas Day Schedule ? Whoever misses out on top spot is guaranteed a place the play-offs.Croatia sneaked a 1 win thanks to defender Domagoj Vida's goal 16 minutes from time and now sit two points clear of Ukraine at the top of the standings.Scotland took the lead inside three minutes of the restart when Phillips met Fraser's cross and fired home first time from eight yards., who is dealing with a Grade 3 MCL tear, according to Schefter of ESPN, is considered day-to-day at this juncture and likely only be available a supporting role for the divisional round if he shows enough progress with his recovery during practices this week. Meanwhile, while the Jaguars are locked into the No.Scotland then travel to Budapest on 27 to take on Hungary, who are currently ranked 54th the world.The draw for the UEFA Nations League take place on January 24, with Scotland Pot One League C.could get some competition for touches out of the backfield 2018 after the Tennessee Titans agreed to terms on a contract with on Tuesday, of The Tennessean reports.'s breakout performance the postseason suggests he'll likely still receive the bulk of early down work, but the versatile should nearly monopolize the snaps on passing downs.I kind of felt soft, said afterward.Maturity questions were raised after transfer from Miami. carried 28 times for 51 yards and parlayed his only catch into a 66-yard TD the Week 17 win over the Jaguars, but the 6-foot-3-pound running back was not satisfied with his effort the contest.Matt Phillips' first international goal three minutes into the second half proved enough for the Scots as they ended the international break on a high following Friday's defeat to Costa Rica.While the 6-foot-3-pound 's powerful running style still makes him the heavy favorite to lead the team touchdowns, the -cow workload owners were hoping for to take on the wake of DeMarco 's release is unlikely to materialize following ' signing.mind, we've got a big running back.Weaknesses. His success continued 2012, as Brown started every game at either inside or outside linebacker, amassing 100 total tackles, seven for loss, including one sack.This be Manchester United's fifth visit to the U.S.There's also a massive match Group B, where second-placed Portugal host first-placed Switzerland – live on and – with top spot on the line.The club trails only there NFL's Cowboys , Real Madrid , Barcelona and MLB's New Yankees , according Steve Larmer Womens Jersey to . We have witnessed first-hand the passion and support for the Club the U.S.Matt Phillips' first international http://www.chicagoblackhawksofficialonline.com/Adidas-Steve-Larmer-Jersey goal three minutes into the second half proved enough for the Scots as they ended the international break on a high following Friday's defeat to Costa Rica.Philadelphia 76ers vs.Won't blow up blocker front of him causing a log jam the hole. I am sure our fans relish away trips to Hungary, Peru and Mexico and be looking forward to a long-overdue rematch against Costa Rica.recent years, so naturally it is something that everybody is very much looking forward to this .Los Angeles Lakers vs.ManU's array of marketing partners get extensive eyeballs across the nation, with many supporting via multi-media marketing. I am delighted that those fans be able to every kick of every match of the 2017 Tour, presented by Aon, on the new MUTV app.The final round of World Cup Qualifiers takes place on Tuesday as teams including and Portugal look to clinch qualification.July 26 Barcelona FedEx Field, Washington, D.C.The visitors were gifted a to go ahead the 40th minute following a clumsy Chandler Catanzaro Jersey challenge on Fraser by Laszlo Kleinheisler, but Peter Gulacsi threw himself to his left to push away Mulgrew's firmly-hit spot-kick. I am sure our fans relish away trips to Hungary, Peru and Mexico and be looking forward to a long-overdue rematch against Costa Rica.Handles running backs the flat and on wheel routes.Club executives said the matches would be available via the MUTV app.He had a close call on that final drive with a near-fumble that was taken to the house by the defense, but review conclusively showed that was down before the ball came out. July 17 Real Salt Lake Rio Tinto Stadium, Salt Lake ?Bulgaria pulled one back within two minutes with Georgi Kostadinov claiming the final touch after a curling free kick by captain Ivelin went straight through the defence, but the Dutch restored a two-goal advantage the 80th minute when Propper headed home Promes cross.Some 60 rubber ducks will drop off the Wabash Bridge into the Chicago River on Aug.We played to a very decent level.The second-year back gained 13 of his yards on one , so

Diving Palau LiveAboard.com Micronesia is made up of more than 2000 forest-covered islands in the Western Pacific Ocean and is a world-class scuba destination offering varied diving, white sand beaches and turquoise waters. It is a picture-perfect paradise with two main diving destinations. June and September are particularly great times to visit; making the most of quiet dive sites and the lowest prices. PALAU MARINE LIFE Palau is one of Micronesia's main diving destinations and is made up of more than 250 islands. It is best explored by Palau liveaboard diving to experience the numerous dive sites and abundant marine life on offer. The dives sites of Palau have flourishing reefs with over 1300 species of fish and 700 species of corals. There are plentiful sea fans, sponges and critters, plus wahoos, Napoleon wrasse and Mandarin fish. Larger marine life in the area includes green turtles, Hawksbill turtles, grey reef, zebra and whitetip reef sharks. PALAU DIVE SITES The dive sites of Palau provide something for all interests, with reef dives, drop-offs, drift dives, caves and wreck dives. There are multiple wrecks and numerous World War II artefacts to experience at Palau. Blue Corner Blue Corner is a natural corner in the sea that borders the deep ocean and is known as one of the best dive sites in Palau. The deep diving at Blue Corner is exciting, with changeable currents and visibility. The reef has numerous soft and hard corals and abundant schools of fish. There is a sea wall at 10 meters (32 feet) depth that drops all the way down to 330 meters (1082 feet) and the wall is covered in coral and sea fans. A plateau at 12 to 20 meters (39 to 65 feet) has numerous cabbage corals. Divers can enjoy jacks, barracudas, snappers and the Palau Napoleon wrasse. Sharks, eagle rays, wahoos, giant groupers, green and hawksbill turtles are also seen regularly. Being used to divers, these species come close and are perfect for underwater photography. Sharks at Blue Corner – copyright Palau Siren German Channel This channel was created in the 1900s when the Germans needed to transport phosphorous from the lagoon out into the open ocean and it is now a popular dive site. The channel itself has extremely swift currents but the dive site is at the southwest mouth and is one of the best dive sites for experiencing manta rays. There are manta ray cleaning stations to enjoy and other marine life includes schools of blacktip reef sharks, grey reef sharks, barracuda and numerous tropical fish. Manta at German Channel – copyright Palau Siren Jellyfish Lake Whilst this lake isn't technically a dive site, it is well worth experiencing and offers the chance to swim and snorkel with millions of Golden jellyfish. This isolated lake was formed in the ice age and the jellyfish no longer have stingers as they don't have any predators. As well as swimming in the lake, visitors can enjoy hiking and spend time relaxing at this remote and peaceful island. Iro Maru Wreck The Iro Maru is one of the many wrecks of Palau and is very well-known amongst divers. This Japanese Navy oiler sank in 1944 and lies in an area with no currents, sitting upright and offering a full view of the ship to those who dive it. It is a huge 143 meters (470 ft) long and the deck is at 25 meters (85 ft) below the surface. Structures, such as guns and king posts, can still be seen and it is important not to touch anything on the wreck, as some of the ammunition is still live. Wreck penetration is possible at the Iro Maru. The wreck has been populated by a variety of corals including mushroom, staghorn, brain and lettuce corals. There are also black corals growing on the wreck. The deck is covered with clams and oysters and there are numerous critters, including plenty of nudibranchs. The wreck is surrounded by schools of fish and there are many World War II artefacts to see. Ulong Channel This is great dive site for beginners, with a sandy floor at 13 meters (42 feet) and slopes down to 20 meters (65 ft). Divers can enjoy seeing batfish, groupers, stingrays, grey reef sharks and titan triggerfish. The channel is shallow and there are coral bommies to explore and a variety of corals at the channel entrance. The Big Drop Off This 285 meter (935 ft) drop-off is a spectacular wall dive. The shallow waters are populated by reef fish, Gorgonian fans, leather corals and purple soft corals. Divers can also see nurse, zebra, whitetip and grey reef sharks during a dive here, plus nudibranchs and leaf fish. This wall can be dived from either end depending on the currents. Chandelier Caves The Chandelier Caves system is made up of 5 caverns connected by cave channels. It is known for the stalagmites and stalactite formations that resemble sparkling chandeliers when torches are shined upon them. Four of the five caves are filled with water and have air pockets, making it possible to scuba dive these caves. It is pitch black in the caves and divers need to bring a torch and be comfortable cave diving. There are schools of sergeant and cardinal fish at the entrance to the caves and divers may also see Mandarin fish. The visibility can be excellent but the floor is silty, so divers need to take care when finning. Palau islands – copyright Palau Siren WHEN TO DIVE PALAU There are three main seasons for Palau: The high season from December to March, offering flat seas and dry weather The shoulder months of April, July, August, October and November, when there is more wind and rainfall The low months of May, June and September which offer fewer visitors and the lowest prices The water visibility can reach up to 40 meters (131 ft), though it can drop to 15 to 20 meters (49 to 65 ft) during July to September. The water temperature is usually warm, at around 28 to 29 °C (82 to 84 °F). The beautiful S/Y Palau Siren offers year-round safaris to explore Palau and also has special new moon trips to witness the spectacle of spawning bumphead parrotfish. EXPERIENCE LEVEL TO DIVE PALAU There are options for new divers, but it is best to visit as an advanced diver to make the most of Palau. Wreck and drift diving experience are helpful and are sometimes required to dive certain sites. Discover liveaboard diving holiday solutions around the world at Liveaboard.com. Related Topics:adventure travelBlogbucket listfeaturedholidayliveaboardLiveaboard.comMicronesiapalauPalau SirensafariTraveltripvacation Eagle Divers have upped tanks and moved The Paralenz dive camera just got even more rugged! LiveAboard.com is the easiest place online to book liveaboard diving holidays around the world. Their team has completed well over 20,000 dives and can help you plan your best scuba diving holiday. Frontline workers honoured with free dive trip to Yap New website: Asia Dive Adventures now online! The BiG Scuba Podcast… with Paul Rose How can we do what you do at Blue Planet? Yap's premier dive resort announces grand re-opening specials The BiG Scuba Podcast… with Christine Dennison Diving in Sri Lanka Patrick Shier Basking in the warmth of the Indian Ocean with its white sandy beaches, tall whispering palm trees and lush green forests lies the island of Sri Lanka. This beautiful picturesque country has become a major tourist destination for both holiday makers and divers alike. The clear turquoise water that surrounds this tropical paradise tantalises divers with a blend of colourful reefs, historical wrecks and a rich, diverse range of marine life that includes Mantas, Eagle rays and Whale sharks. The pace and way of life in Sri Lanka is relaxed. Everyone greets you with a friendly smile as they go about their business. Cows, monitor lizards, mongoose and monkeys wander freely through the rustic villages, and water buffalo wallow in the nearby paddy fields. All around you the

Negative Speech: An Analysis Of Women's Keynote Suffrage America Adame Mrs.Gonzalez Engl 1302.S63 12 Feb ,2018 Women's Suffrage Elizabeth is very well known for empowering the first movement in pushing for society especially men recognize women as actual citizens. She is especially known for the speech she did in Seneca falls and her use of rhetorical devices to make sure she has people's attention and show how serious she was about the subject. In Seneca Falls Keynote Address, Elizabeth Cady Stanton uses anaphora's, metaphors and allusion to persuade the audience to show that women should be treated equally just like men and should be more appreciated. Due to this speech it started the whole revolution in making sure women would be granted more rights as American citizens. To begin with, Elizabeth was one of the leading activist for the women's suffrage movement in the early 19th century. On 1848 Seneca Falls Women's conventions is when Stanton made her appearance in speaking about women's rights.…show more content… Such as, in paragraph 4 "but we assembled to protest against a form of government existing without the consent of the governed" She reference the declaration of independence to make her point more clear. It shows event though we made a declaration for independence it would make women eligible to have the same rights as men but instead weren't cared enough to make sure men would guarantied their rights. In addition, she also used "and it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy." She used this allusion to compare it to a passage from the bible. She compared it to joel 2:28 in using that your sons and your daughters shall prophesy in using it to make sure that the future generation should not be experiencing the same problems they are. It is important to show that even in the bible everyone is equal and why they should allow women to vote and much Declaration Of Sentiments Rhetorical Analysis Men should have absolute rule over society. This was the mindset back when women's rights activists were considered rare and unorthodox. In A Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions, Elizabeth Cady Stanton rejects the status quo and finds solutions to the overbearing problems she sees within society. A concept that has greatly been dreamt over throughout history has been challenged, by a woman. Elizabeth Cady Stanton exerts repetition, allusion, and pathos to express her opinions in favor of increasing women's rights. Elizabeth Cady Stanton In Women's Rights Movement Most people do not know of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, but much to people's surprise, she was just as important in Women's Rights Movement as Susan B. Anthony, if not more important. Elizabeth Cady Stanton helped to create remarkable strides in the Women's Rights. During her life, Elizabeth was an American suffragist, social activist, abolitionist, writer, lecturer, and chief philosopher of the women's rights movement. She also organized the Seneca Falls Convention with Lucretia Mott whose aim was to obtain equal rights for women. During the Convention, Cady Stanton wrote the "Declaration of Sentiments" which declared that American women should have the same civil and political rights that American men had, including the right to vote. Declaration Of Sentiments The Declaration of Sentiments, a document written by activists Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucrietia Mott, discusses injustices towards woman and the rights that have been withheld from them, such as voting and denied admittance into colleges. Stanton and Mott want readers, primarily men, to understand, to take action, and to fight against the opression that has been put on women of all ages, race and religion in the United States. Without the help of Stanton and Mott, womens rights may have been an overlooked issue yesterday and today, therefore, their message is incontestably crucial. To Stanton and Mott, women were created equal to men, and to further their declaration of this equality, they state that the rights that have been unfairly Second Great Awakening Essay Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott meet at a National Anti-Slavery Convention, which influenced them to hold a Women's Rights Convention. In 1848 they held a national women's rights convention, known as the Seneca Falls Convention. At the convention Elizabeth Cady Stanton created the "Declaration of Sentiments". Proposed in the Declaration was "that all men and women are created equal". Over 300 men and women gathered at Seneca Falls for the convention and unanimously voted for women to have the right to have equal rights as men. American Education In The 1800s Essay Women did not have many rights in the 19th century. They could not vote, serve on juries, if married could not keep wages or own property, and women could not get a good education. At a convention when two women tried to join a meeting they could not have a role in the proceeding. Later she made a convention that over 300 men and women showed up to. Then Stanton wrote the Declaration of Sediments that showed the rights they wanted. Rhetorical Analysis Of Susan B. Anthony's Speech For a very long time, the voting rights of the citizens have been a problem in the US. It started out with only men with land being able to vote, and then expanded to white men, and then to all men. However, women were never in the situation, they were disregarded and believed to not be worthy enough to have the same rights as men. They were essentially being treated as property, therefore having no rights. But, in Susan B. Anthony's speech, she hits upon the point that women are just as righteous as men. Elizabeth Cady Stanton's Impact On Society In this article about Stanton I found, Sara Shull states, "Elizabeth Cady Stanton rebelled against the conventions that limited her own self realization and independence. Her words and actions encouraged other women to embrace their autonomy and fight for their self sovereign birthright." This shows how Stanton went to be a role model for other women and help them fight for their own. Further on, Elizabeth Cady Stanton later wrote, "The general discontent I felt with woman 's portion as wife, housekeeper, physician, and spiritual guide, the chaotic conditions into which everything fell without her constant supervision, and the wearied, anxious look of the majority of women, impressed me with a strong feeling that some active measures should be taken to remedy the wrongs of society in general, and of women in particular. My experience at the World Anti-slavery Convention, all I had read of the legal status of women, and the oppression I saw everywhere, together swept across my soul, intensified now by many personal experiences. How Did Susan B Anthony Contribute To Women's Rights However, when thought of, most people remember her contributions to the women's rights movement. She, and other feminists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, began to realize that there were numerous similarities between slaves and women. Both were fighting to get away from the male-dominated culture and beliefs. In 1848, these women began a convention in Seneca Falls, regarding women's rights(Brinkley 330). They believed that women should be able to vote, basing their argument on the clause "all men and women are created equal". How Did Susan B Anthony Influence The Women's Rights Movement Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton both are leading women's rights activists during their time; their work influenced the American Peoples' view on women. They founded one of the earliest pro-women's rights movements in the country, which was essential in spreading feminism throughout America. Their lifelong battle against inequality to combat slavery and promote feminism through literary works like; 'The Revolution' and the Declaration of Sentiments speeches, succeeded after their death when women got the right to vote. Elizabeth Cady

get underway from the soaking wet rails at Salisbury. The young driver this time, did not have the patience of the Waterloo engineman, and we slipped again and again. At last, East Asiatic found her grip and she started to pick up speed, very slowly at first, as the 12 heavy coaches creaked and rattled over the tracks, but soon we were making good headway out into the Wiltshire countryside, the whistle screaming as we tore through Wilton, famous here for weaving quality carpets, and where once, the engines were changed for the now long-gone Devon Belle Pullman train, which back then had its own observation car! We were then called by the steward to take lunch in the restaurant car. The menu today, was a choice of fruit juices, tomato soup, followed by grilled plaice, or steak and kidney pie, both came with boiled new potatoes and cabbage. The pudding was apple pie and custard! All served on bone china with starched white table cloth's and full silver service. I can still smell the cabbage now as it wafted down the carriage! The lunch cost ten shillings and sixpence. This was a big treat for us! It was hot and muggy in the carriage as that sticky, sultry afternoon progressed and we all got quite dirty and a bit restless. We took it in turns to lean out of the window and watch the countryside speed by, waving madly at any farm workers. We thought it such fun, as other children wildly waved back whilst they waited at the level crossing gates for us to pass. The train rattled through the many country stations on our route. Such as, Templecombe, where we over crossed the favourite railway line of Sir John Betjeman, the delightful Somerset and Dorset, which wound its picturesque way down from Bath, over the Mendip Hills, to the coast at Bournemouth. Sherborne, with it's rather posh boy's school, and old, mysterious ruined abbey. Axminster, also famous for carpets, a weekly cattle market, and here one could change trains to join the lovely branch line down to the ancient harbour town of Lyme Regis. The scenery grew greener and greener, becoming prettier and prettier by the mile. Cows, sheep, and horses, all very alarmed by this racing, hissing monster, ran away in all directions across the open fields as the 'A.C.E' thundered by, the driver hanging frequently on the loco's whistle. Suddenly, my Mum said ''Look! there's the sea!'' And sure enough, far off in the distance, across the green rolling Devon valley, we glimpsed a line of forget-me-not blue. We're almost there now, and we were sure we could smell the sea! The last part of our main-line run was up the infamous long and steep Honiton Bank incline. Having raced through Seaton Junction station on the down fast 'through' line we overtook a 'stopper' which was a three coach train hauled by another Merchant Navy, French Line. Quite a light load for such a big loco. We attacked the start of the bank well, but by the entrance to Honiton tunnel which is at the summit of the climb, we were now down to a sedate 25 mph. Lots of smoke would fill the corridors and compartments if one was foolish enough to leave the windows open whilst going through the tunnel! As we were a long, heavily loaded train, so the engine made a very steady, chuff-chuff-chuff, chuff-chuff-chuff beat as she worked hard to make the ascent. I learned later in life that the Merchant Navy loco's were of a 3-cylinder design, hence the familiar, friendly sounding beat! At Sidmouth Junction station, our next stop, three coaches, including ours, were detached from the main 'A.C.E' and were joined to the local train headed by a hefty looking BR 'standard 4MT' class tank loco waiting in the bay platform which served the Sidmouth and Exmouth branch lines. After much clanking and clunking whilst being attached to the local we were soon puffing our way down the prettiest of country lines towards the coast. The clanking and clunking were repeated once more when we arrived at Tipton St John station, where the train was divided into two portions. The front part of the train went off to the left for Sidmouth, but for us, we went off to the right, on the Exmouth line. Our loco for this last short journey was a smaller, LMS designed, 'Ivatt 2MT' class tank engine. My dear Aunt met us at the tiny country village of Littleham, one stop after the charming seaside resort of Budleigh Salterton. We all waved frantically to her as we steamed into the station. Doors were flung open and we tore down the platform to receive lots of hugs and ghastly red lip-sticky kisses! My Mum then suddenly dashed back on-board to retrieve her straw hat which she had left in the hat-rack, all this drama slightly holding up the train's departure! Aunt stood there beaming at us all, and she beckoned us outside to the station forecourt where stood her old black pony and trap. (she finally got a car the next year!) ''Come on Darling's, Tea's ready!'' she boomed, and we all piled in, tired and dirty, but very excited! So, with everyone squashed on the pony-cart, we then trotted down the narrow, high-hedged Devon lanes to the rural caravan site out on the rugged red cliffs of the headland at Sandy Bay. Crab sandwiches, warm scones and homemade strawberry jam piled high with clotted cream would be waiting! After a huge feast, we all then laid outside on old brown, and rather itchy ex-army rugs, basking in the late afternoon sun. The smell of the freshly mown grass filling our nostrils as we looked out over the cliffs to the blue sea beyond. Two bumble bee's buzzed lazily around us looking for any intact daisies or buttercups to land on. Way out in the Bay, rust-red sails fluttered from some little wooden fishing boats, whose fishermen were throwing their lines and nets, trying for some mackerel or plaice. The humidity in the air was increasing, for towering-up over in the far South-West, were huge, and rather ominous, blue-black thunder clouds. A sure sign that later that evening we could expect a spectacular summer storm, hopefully, after which, would leave the country air fresh and cooler. The hustle and bustle of Waterloo seemed an age away as we gazed up at the brown hawk, hanging high up in the sky on a warm thermal, spying for any poor unfortunate field-mouse! A last thought for some hot and sticky passengers who today, were still onboard the 'A.C.E' as they slowly lumbered along on the last part of their long journey. Maybe off to stylish Ilfracombe? deepest Dartmoor, or the wild, North Cornish coast! For they still had an hour or so, to go! So, then began many balmy, hot, happy days of bathing, picnics, and treasure hunts. For me too, there would be frequent visits to the little local station to watch the steam trains go by, and marvel at the level crossing gates, opened, and closed by the friendly signalman. A few times during that long summer I went to the busy Exeter Central station and saw many large, strange looking, flat-sided engines. They were called Battle of Britain, or West Country class. Known as 'air-smoothed pacific's' or, to train-spotters, as 'spam-cans'! All had such wonderful names, 66 Squadron, Fighter Command, and Watersmeet. Fussing all over the station too, were rugged black, 'N' class engines, steam blowing off, whistles galore, the noise was deafening! two, sometimes three, types of engine assisting a train up, or down, the short, but very steep bank from the other station at Exeter; St David's. Trains were coming,

of Programmes, Radio, where he was responsible for consolidating news and current affairs coverage and introducing consumer programmes and phone-ins. In 1975 Newby became managing director of BBC Radio. By the time he retired in 1978, after thirty years with the BBC, he had published thirteen novels and other books. He died on 6 September 1997. See his biography in the Oxford DNB. PEAKE, Mervyn Laurence (1911–68), artist and writer, was born in China on 9 July 1911, the son of Ernest Cromwell Peake and Amanda Elizabeth (Powell) Peake. The family returned to England in 1923 and Mervyn attended Eltham College, Kent, 1923–29, and the Royal Academy Schools, 1929–33. Although he failed his examination because of a lack of interest in formal studies. Peake was offered a position at the Westminster School of Art in 1935 and he taught life drawing there until 1939. While at Westminster he met the artist, Maeve Patricia Mary Theresa Gilmore (1917–83), and they married in 1937. They had two sons and a daughter. An exhibition of Peake's work in 1938–oils, sketches, watercolours and macabre drawings–attracted much attention. While serving in the Second World War Peake was appointed a war artist, and after witnessing the first war-crimes trial he sent back haunting drawings of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. He was invalided out of the army in 1943 after a nervous breakdown. During the war he had worked on the first volume of his 'Gormenghast' trilogy, Titus Groan, published in 1946. He also illustrated a volume of nursery rhymes, the first of his many illustrations for books. One of the best examples of this is Coleridge's Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1943). The second volume of his trilogy, Gormenghast, was published in 1950, and the final volume, Titus Alone, in 1959. These volumes were also illustrated by Peake. This enormously talented man suffered from what was eventually diagnosed as a form of Parkinson's disease and he died in a nursing home on the night of 16–17 November 1968. See Maeve Gilmore, A World Away: A Memoir of Mervyn Peake (1992); and Maeve Gilmore and Sebastian Peake, A Child of Bliss: Growing up with Mervyn Peake (1989). PEDROLLO, Fr Luigi (1888–1986) was born in San Gregorio di Cavalpone (also known as San Gregorio di Veronella), a village near Verona, Italy on 31 December 1888. Here he attended elementary school, and later went on to attend the first two years of secondary school in Cologna Veneta. He entered the Vicenza Seminary in 1902, and studied there until his ordination in 1912. Since he held a teacher's degree, he was sent as chaplain to Arsiero, where he should also have obtained–having won an Italian state competition–a teaching position at the local school. However, the position was denied him by the city council. He was therefore assigned to teach the fifth year of the secondary school in the Vicenza seminary. Later he was sent as chaplain and elementary teacher to the village of Gambellara, where he remained for a year. He had long been in contact with St Giovanni Calabria, whom he had met as early as 1908, when the latter had opened the great Casa dei Buoni Fanciulli (House of the Good Children) of San Zeno in Monte, Verona. Luigi felt his vocation was to follow in Calabria's spirit of total abandonment to the Divine Providence and to pursue his mission to educate the poor children who had found shelter at the Buoni Fanciulli. He joined this institution on 24 August 1914 and for five years supervised and worked at the elementary school there, with the help of his brethren Luigi 'Gigio' Adami and Angelo Faccioli. In 1919 another Buoni Fanciulli centre was opened in Costolozza di Longare, near Vicenza. He was sent there as director and father superior and spent ten years in this position. He was called back to the main Verona house in 1929 to work alongside St Giovanni Calabria, then busy preparing the constitutions and rules of his congregation. The latter were to be recognized and approved by the Church as the Poveri Servi della Divina Provvidenza at the hands of Mgr Girolamo Cardinale, then Bishop of Verona on 4 March 1932. Afterwards Pedrollo was always close to St Giovanni, who entrusted the most delicate tasks to him and involved him more and more in the new activities of the congregation. When Calabria died Pedrollo succeeded him as rector of the congregation, having been elected General Superior during the first Chapter of March 1955, a post he held, with successive elections, for twelve years. Under his mandate, new houses were opened, and, even more importantly, there was a significant expansion (which Calabria had foretold) in the activities of the Congregation in South America, first in Uruguay and later in Brazil. During this period he addressed many letters to the brethren of the congregation, the fruit of his fervent prayer, study and confident trust in the Divine Providence. He died on 16 February 1986. POLLARD, Dr Margaret 'Peggy' (1903–1996), Cornish poet and linguist, was born Margaret Steuart Gladstone at 2 Whitehall Court, London, on 1 March 1904, the daughter of John Steuart Gladstone (1862–1920), an East India merchant, and his wife, Anne (Fitzgibbon) Gladstone, a granddaughter of W. E. Gladstone's niece Mary Ellen (who married her second cousin Robert Gladstone). After attending Eversley School, Folkestone, she matriculated at Newnham College, Cambridge, in 1922. In 1924 and 1925 she took first-class honours in both parts of the oriental languages tripos. She received the degree of Ph.D. in 1952. Her initial interest was Hinduism, but she learned (and taught) Russian. Following her marriage on 30 June 1928 to George Francis Giffard Pollard (1905–1968), a journalist, whom she met at Cambridge, they moved to Truro. Peggy became deeply committed to preserving Cornwall and its landscape, and she was Cornish secretary for the Council for the Preservation of Rural England from 1935 to 1945. She was also a member of 'Ferguson's Gang', an unorthodox group of anonymous fund-raisers for the National Trust. Her donations to such causes were beyond calculation. She converted to the Catholic Church in 1947, after which she became one of the prime movers in building a new Catholic church in Truro. Our Lady of the Portal and St Piran opened in 1973 on what is believed to be the site of the medieval chapel of Our Lady of the Portal. Peggy claimed to have received an apparition of the Blessed Virgin on 2 November 1955, an account of which is found in Claire Riche, The Lost Shrine of Liskeard (London: St Austin Press, 2002). This eccentric and brilliant woman was the author of Cornwall (1947) and (with Faith Godbeer) of The Guild of Our Lady of the Portal (Redruth: Dyllansow Truran, 1985). In Truro she was well known for her embroidery and tapestry work. The Guinness Book of Records mentioned her tapestry embroidered with pictures of Lewis's Narnian stories, which is 1,338 feet long. See Brian Murdoch's life of Pollard in the Oxford DNB. PRIESTLEY, John Bloynton (1894–1984), author and playwright, was born in Bradford on 13 September 1894, the only child of Jonathan Priestley (1868–1924), schoolmaster, and his first wife, Emma (Holt) Priestley (1865–96). In 1914 he enlisted as a private soldier in the Duke of Wellington's West Riding regiment. He went through almost the entire war in the trenches, being wounded twice. In 1919 he went to Cambridge, where he read History and Political Science at Trinity Hall, taking his BA in 1921. That same year he married Pat Emily Tempest (1896–1925). Priestley remained at Cambridge for a further year after his marriage, during which time he published Brief Diversions (1922) and Papers from Lilliput (1922). In 1922 Priestley moved to London, where he worked as a freelance journalist.

without requireing a connected session. * - If ALLJOYN_FLAG_GLOBAL_BROADCAST is set broadcast signal (null destination) will be forwarded across bus-to-bus connections. * - If ALLJOYN_FLAG_COMPRESSED is set the header is compressed for destinations that can handle header compression. * - If ALLJOYN_FLAG_ENCRYPTED is set the message is authenticated and the payload if any is encrypted. * @return * - QStatus.OK if successful * - An error status otherwise */ [Obsolete("Usage of Signal that takes MsgArgs been depricated. Please use MsgArg inplace of MsgArgs")] protected QStatus Signal(string destination, uint sessionId, InterfaceDescription.Member signal, MsgArgs args, ushort timeToLife, byte flags) { return alljoyn_busobject_signal(_busObject, destination, sessionId, signal._member, args.UnmanagedPtr, (UIntPtr)args.Length, timeToLife, flags, IntPtr.Zero); } /** * Send a signal. * * @param destination The unique or well-known bus name or the signal recipient (NULL for broadcast signals) * @param sessionId A unique SessionId for this AllJoyn session instance * @param signal Interface member of signal being emitted. * @param args The arguments for the signal (can be NULL) * @param timeToLife If non-zero this specifies in milliseconds the useful lifetime for this * signal. If delivery of the signal is delayed beyond the timeToLive due to * network congestion or other factors the signal may be discarded. There is * no guarantee that expired signals will not still be delivered. * @param flags Logical OR of the message flags for this signals. The following flags apply to signals: * - If ALLJOYN_FLAG_SESSIONLESS is set the signal will be sent out to any listener without requireing a connected session * - If ALLJOYN_FLAG_GLOBAL_BROADCAST is set broadcast signal (null destination) will be * forwarded across bus-to-bus connections. * - If ALLJOYN_FLAG_COMPRESSED is set the header is compressed for destinations that can * handle header compression. * - If ALLJOYN_FLAG_ENCRYPTED is set the message is authenticated and the payload if any * is encrypted. * @return * - QStatus.OK if successful * - An error status otherwise */ protected QStatus Signal(string destination, uint sessionId, InterfaceDescription.Member signal, MsgArg args, ushort timeToLife, byte flags) { return alljoyn_busobject_signal(_busObject, destination, sessionId, signal._member, args.UnmanagedPtr, (UIntPtr)args.Length, timeToLife, flags, IntPtr.Zero); } /** * Send a signal. * * @param destination The unique or well-known bus name or the signal recipient (NULL for broadcast signals) * @param sessionId A unique SessionId for this AllJoyn session instance * @param signal Interface member of signal being emitted. * @param args The arguments for the signal (can be NULL) * @param timeToLife If non-zero this specifies in milliseconds the useful lifetime for this * signal. If delivery of the signal is delayed beyond the timeToLive due to * network congestion or other factors the signal may be discarded. There is * no guarantee that expired signals will not still be delivered. * @param flags Logical OR of the message flags for this signals. The following flags apply to signals: * - If ALLJOYN_FLAG_SESSIONLESS is set the signal will be sent out to any listener without * requireing a connected session * - If ALLJOYN_FLAG_GLOBAL_BROADCAST is set broadcast signal (null destination) will be * forwarded across bus-to-bus connections. * - If ALLJOYN_FLAG_COMPRESSED is set the header is compressed for destinations that can * handle header compression. * - If ALLJOYN_FLAG_ENCRYPTED is set the message is authenticated and the payload if any * is encrypted. * @param msg The sent signal message is returned to the caller. * @return * - QStatus.OK if successful * - An error status otherwise */ protected QStatus Signal(string destination, uint sessionId, InterfaceDescription.Member signal, MsgArg args, ushort timeToLife, byte flags, Message msg) { return alljoyn_busobject_signal(_busObject, destination, sessionId, signal._member, args.UnmanagedPtr, (UIntPtr)args.Length, timeToLife, flags, msg.UnmanagedPtr); } /** * Remove sessionless message sent from this object from local daemon's * store/forward cache. * * @param serialNumber Serial number of previously sent sessionless signal. * @return QStatus.OK if successful. */ public QStatus CancelSessionlessMessage(uint serialNumber) { return alljoyn_busobject_cancelsessionlessmessage_serial(_busObject, serialNumber); } /** * Remove sessionless message sent from this object from local daemon's * store/forward cache. * * @param msg Message to be removed. * @return QStatus.OK if successful. */ public QStatus CancelSessionlessMessage(Message msg) { return alljoyn_busobject_cancelsessionlessmessage(_busObject, msg.UnmanagedPtr); } #region Properties /** * Return the path for the object * * @return Object path */ public string Path { get { return Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(alljoyn_busobject_getpath(_busObject)); } } /** * Get the name of this object. * The name is the last component of the path. * * @return Last component of object path. */ public string Name { get { UIntPtr nameSz = alljoyn_busobject_getname(_busObject, IntPtr.Zero, (UIntPtr)0); byte[] sink = new byte[(int)nameSz]; GCHandle gch = GCHandle.Alloc(sink, GCHandleType.Pinned); alljoyn_busobject_getname(_busObject, gch.AddrOfPinnedObject(), nameSz); gch.Free(); // The returned buffer will contain a nul character an so we must remove the last character. if ((int)nameSz != 0) { return System.Text.ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetString(sink, 0, (Int32)nameSz - 1); } else { return ""; } } } /** * Indicates if this object is secure. * * @param bus The busobject we want to check for security * * @return Return QCC_TRUE if authentication is required to emit signals or * call methods on this object. */ public bool IsSecure { get { return alljoyn_busobject_issecure(_busObject); } } #endregion #region Delegates [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)] /** * MethodHandlers are %MessageReceiver methods which are called by AllJoyn library * to forward AllJoyn method_calls to AllJoyn library users. * * @param member Method interface member entry. * @param message The received method call message. */ public delegate void MethodHandler(InterfaceDescription.Member member, Message message); [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)] private delegate void InternalMethodHandler(IntPtr bus, IntPtr member, IntPtr message); [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)] private delegate void InternalPropertyGetEventHandler(IntPtr context, IntPtr ifcName, IntPtr propName, IntPtr val); [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)] private delegate void InternalPropertySetEventHandler(IntPtr context, IntPtr ifcName, IntPtr propName, IntPtr val); [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)] private delegate void InternalObjectRegisteredEventHandler(IntPtr context); [UnmanagedFunctionPointer(CallingConvention.Cdecl)] private delegate void InternalObjectUnregisteredEventHandler(IntPtr context); #endregion #region Virtual Methods /** * Handle a bus request to read a property from this object. * BusObjects that implement properties should override this method. * The default version simply returns QStatus.BUS_NO_SUCH_PROPERTY * * @param ifcName Identifies the interface that the property is defined on * @param propName Identifies the the property to get * @param[out] val Returns the property value. The type of this value is the actual value * type. */ protected virtual void OnPropertyGet(string ifcName, string propName, MsgArg val) { } /** * Handle a bus attempt to write a property value to this object. * BusObjects that implement properties should override this method. * This default version just replies with QStatus.BUS_NO_SUCH_PROPERTY * * @param ifcName Identifies the interface that the property is defined on * @param propName Identifies the the property to set * @param val The property value to set. The type of this value is the actual value * type. */ protected virtual void OnPropertySet(string ifcName, string propName, MsgArg val) { } /** * Called by the message bus when the object has been successfully registered. The object can * perform any initialization such as adding match rules at this time. */ protected virtual void OnObjectRegistered() { } /** * Called by the message bus when the object has been successfully unregistered * @remark * This base class implementation @b must be called explicitly by any overriding derived class. */ protected virtual void OnObjectUnregistered() { } #endregion #region Callbacks private void _PropertyGet(IntPtr context, IntPtr ifcName, IntPtr propName, IntPtr val) { OnPropertyGet(Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(ifcName), Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(propName), new MsgArg(val)); } private void _PropertySet(IntPtr context, IntPtr ifcName, IntPtr propName, IntPtr val) { OnPropertySet(Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(ifcName), Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(propName), new MsgArg(val)); } private void _ObjectRegistered(IntPtr context) { OnObjectRegistered(); } private void _ObjectUnregistered(IntPtr context) { OnObjectUnregistered(); } #endregion #region DLL Imports [DllImport(DLL_IMPORT_TARGET)] private extern static IntPtr alljoyn_busobject_create( [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string path, int isPlaceholder, IntPtr callbacks_in, IntPtr context_in); [DllImport(DLL_IMPORT_TARGET)] private extern static IntPtr alljoyn_busobject_destroy(IntPtr bus); [DllImport(DLL_IMPORT_TARGET)] private extern static IntPtr alljoyn_busobject_getpath(IntPtr bus); [DllImport(DLL_IMPORT_TARGET)] private extern static UIntPtr alljoyn_busobject_getname(IntPtr bus, IntPtr buffer, UIntPtr bufferSz); [DllImport(DLL_IMPORT_TARGET)] private extern static int alljoyn_busobject_addinterface(IntPtr bus, IntPtr iface); [DllImport(DLL_IMPORT_TARGET)] private extern static int alljoyn_busobject_addmethodhandlers(IntPtr bus, IntPtr entries, UIntPtr numEntries); [DllImport(DLL_IMPORT_TARGET)] private extern static int alljoyn_busobject_methodreply_args(IntPtr bus, IntPtr msg, IntPtr msgArgs, UIntPtr numArgs); [DllImport(DLL_IMPORT_TARGET)] private extern static int alljoyn_busobject_methodreply_err(IntPtr bus, IntPtr msg, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string error, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string errorMsg); [DllImport(DLL_IMPORT_TARGET)] private extern static int alljoyn_busobject_methodreply_status(IntPtr bus, IntPtr msg, int status); [DllImport(DLL_IMPORT_TARGET)] private extern static int alljoyn_busobject_signal(IntPtr bus, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string destination, uint sessionId, InterfaceDescription._Member signal, IntPtr msgArgs, UIntPtr numArgs, ushort timeToLive, byte flags, IntPtr msg); [DllImport(DLL_IMPORT_TARGET)] private extern static int alljoyn_busobject_cancelsessionlessmessage_serial(IntPtr bus, uint serialNumber); [DllImport(DLL_IMPORT_TARGET)] private extern static int alljoyn_busobject_cancelsessionlessmessage(IntPtr bus, IntPtr msg); [DllImport(DLL_IMPORT_TARGET)] [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.U1)] private extern static bool alljoyn_busobject_issecure(IntPtr bus); #endregion #region IDisposable ~BusObject() { Dispose(false); } /** * Dispose the BusObject * @param disposing describes if its activly being disposed */ protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) { if(!_isDisposed) { Thread destroyThread = new Thread((object o) => { alljoyn_busobject_destroy(_busObject); }); destroyThread.Start(); while(destroyThread.IsAlive) { AllJoyn.TriggerCallbacks(); Thread.Sleep(0); } _busObject = IntPtr.Zero; main.Free(); } _isDisposed = true; } /** * Dispose the BusObject */ public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } #endregion #region Structs [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] private struct BusObjectCallbacks { public IntPtr property_get; public IntPtr property_set; public IntPtr object_registered; public IntPtr object_unregistered; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] private struct MethodEntry { public IntPtr member; public IntPtr method_handler; } #endregion #region Internal Properties internal IntPtr UnmanagedPtr { get { return

eventually converges to $(1/3, 1/3, 1/3)$ as $k \rightarrow \infty$. Moreover, each of these operations releases energy. To see this, note that if the system starts with $n_1 \leq n_2 \leq n_3$, averaging either the first and second or the second and third populations must release energy (or do nothing), and that neither of these operations will change the ordering of the three states' populations. This leaves two remaining cases: $n_2 > n_3 > n_1$ and $n_3 > n_1 > n_2$. Consider the former of these two. If $n_2 > n_3 > n_1$ and $(n_1 + n_2) / 2 \leq n_3$, then averaging the first and second populations gets the system to the boundary of the region discussed in the previous case, in which an alternating sequence of averaging operations between the first and second and second and third populations leads the system arbitrarily close to $(1/3,1/3,1/3)$. This is the highest-energy possible ground state, so it must be the optimal choice. On the other hand, if $(n_1 + n_2) / 2 > n_3$, then there are two possible allowed sequences of moves. Either the first and second can be averaged, leading to a ground state: \begin{gather*} \def1.2} \begin{array}{|c|c|c|{1.2} \begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline n_1 & n_2 & n_3\\ \hline \end{array} \rightarrow \begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline \frac{1}{2}(n_1+n_2) & \frac{1}{2}(n_1 + n_2) & n_3\\ \hline \end{array} \end{gather*} or the first and third can be averaged, after which the only allowed operation is to average the first and second, leading to a ground state: \begin{align*} \def1.2} \begin{array}{|c|c|c|{1.2} &\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline n_1 & n_2 & n_3\\ \hline \end{array} \\ &\hspace{5 pt}\rightarrow \def1.2} \begin{array}{|c|c|c|{1.2} \begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline \frac{1}{2}(n_1+n_3) & n_2 & \frac{1}{2}(n_1 + n_3) \\ \hline \end{array} \\ &\hspace{5 pt}\rightarrow \def1.2} \begin{array}{|c|c|c|{1.2} \begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline \frac{1}{4} n_1 + \frac{1}{2} n_2 + \frac{1}{4} n_3 & \frac{1}{4} n_1 + \frac{1}{2} n_2 + \frac{1}{4} n_3 & \frac{1}{2} n_1 + \frac{1}{2} n_3 \\ \hline \end{array} \; . \end{align*} The first of these two possible sequence always leads to a higher final energy, so it is the optimal choice. Intuitively, one can see this from Figure~\ref{fig:stateSpace}: moving horizontally in state space before moving diagonally down leads to a final ground state with a lower energy than would be reached by moving diagonally down from the initial position. The argument for the final region of initial state-space, in which $n_3 > n_1 > n_2$, is essentially the same. If $(n_2 + n_3) / 2 \geq n_1$, then averaging the second and third populations leads to the boundary of the region in which the highest-energy ground state, $(1/3, 1/3, 1/3)$, is reachable. If, on the other hand, $(n_2 + n_3) / 2 < n_1$, then it turns out always to be favorable to average the second and third populations, which immediately leads to a ground state: \begin{gather*} \def1.2} \begin{array}{|c|c|c|{1.2} \begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline n_1 & n_2 & n_3\\ \hline \end{array} \rightarrow \begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline n_1 & \frac{1}{2}(n_2+n_3) & \frac{1}{2}(n_2 + n_3) \\ \hline \end{array} \; . \end{gather*} This is sufficient to specify, for any given initial state, the sequence of allowed operations that leads to the highest-energy possible ground state. At this point, it is possible to see in which ways the maximum-energy ground state problem differs from the minimum-energy ground state problem. Consider the five conclusions on the latter problem in Ref.~\cite{Hay2015}, listed at the beginning of this section. The first and third appear not to apply in the same way to the maximum-energy ground state problem; rather than identifying a finite set of candidate sequences and checking each, the solution presented here simply specifies directly which trajectory through state space is optimal, depending on the initial populations. However, although this was not the approach taken by Hay, Schiff, and Fisch, this kind of explicit case-by-case solution is also possible for the minimum-energy ground state problem. This is described in Appendix~\ref{appendix:threeBox}. The second conclusion from Ref.~\cite{Hay2015} (that the optimal ground state is always accessible within three operations) is entirely untrue for the maximum-energy ground state problem. In cases where the highest-energy accessible ground state is $(1/3,1/3,1/3)$, this optimal state is sometimes accessible only in the limit of an infinite number of operations. For example, the initial state $(0,1/4,3/4)$ can only lead to populations of the form $A/2^B$ for positive integers $A$ and $B$ for any finite number of steps; therefore it cannot reach $(1/3,1/3,1/3)$ in finite steps, but it is shown above that it can approach that ground state arbitrarily closely. The fifth conclusion (that allowing or prohibiting annealing operations does not change the optimal accessible state) also does not continue to hold for the present problem; this is discussed in Section~\ref{sec:definition}. The remaining, fourth conclusion -- that the optimal ground state is the same whether or not partial mixing operations are allowed -- is the only one that continues to hold for the $N=3$ maximum-energy ground state problem. ``Partial relaxation" refers to any operation of the form \begin{gather} n_i \rightarrow (1-\gamma) n_i + \gamma n_j \\ n_j \rightarrow \gamma n_i + (1-\gamma) n_j \end{gather} for $0 < \gamma < 1/2$ (rather than ``full mixing," where $\gamma = 1/2$). It is easiest to see this by inspecting the trajectories in Figure~\ref{fig:stateSpace}. A partial mixing operation would still have to follow one of the marked trajectories, but unlike a full mixing operation, it would not have to follow a given trajectory line to one of the $n_i = n_j$ lines. For initial conditions where $n_2 > n_1 > n_3$ and $n_1 > n_3 > n_2$, there is only one allowed pair of populations to average anyway. For initial conditions where $n_3 > n_2 > n_1$, full mixing operations can already reach the highest-possible-energy ground state $(1/3,1/3,1/3)$, so it is clear that no other operations could do better. The cases in which $n_2 > n_3 > n_1$ or $n_1 > n_3 > n_2$ are less trivial, but still clear from the figure: the operations which average the first and third populations are never favorable, whether they are complete or partial, so the optimal first move is always to fully mix the first and second populations (if $n_2 > n_3 > n_1$) or the second and third (if $n_1 > n_3 > n_2$). Some of these conclusions (for instance, the role of annealing operations) hold for all $N$. Others (like the effects of partial mixing) seem likely to continue to hold when $N > 3$, but we have not proved them here for general $N$. Note that there is no case in which reaching the optimal ground state requires mixing the first and third populations. The optimal sequences only ever require that neighboring states be mixed. We have proven this for the three-state discrete case, but we conjecture that it is true for all $N$. \section{Continuous Example: The Bump-on-Tail Distribution} \label{sec:continuous} Consider a bump-on-tail distribution $f(v)$. $f(v)$ is monotonically decreasing until it hits a local minimum, then monotonically increasing until it arrives at a local maximum, and thenceforth monotonically decreasing. We will assume that $f(v=0)$ exceeds this local maximum, and that the global minimum happens as $v \rightarrow \infty$; these assumptions are not necessary for what follows, but they are convenient. Let the energy of a particle with velocity $v$ be given by $\varepsilon(v) = m v^2 / 2$ for some mass $m$. The ``quasilinear plateau" is constructed by finding velocities $v_1$ and $v_2$ such that we can construct a flattened function $\bar{f}(v)$ as follows: \begin{gather} \bar{f}(v) \doteq \begin{cases} f(v) & v < v_1 \text{ or } v > v_2 \\ h & v_1 \leq v \leq v_2, \end{cases} \end{gather} with \begin{gather} h \doteq \frac{1}{v_2 - v_1} \int_{v_1}^{v_2} f(v) \, \mathrm{d} v . \end{gather} For a bump-on-tail distribution, $h$ is chosen as the unique value for which $f(v_1) = f(v_2) = h$. This section will demonstrate that $\bar{f}(v)$ is the maximum-energy accessible ground state for the bump-on-tail distribution. In addition to $v_1$ and $v_2$, there are two other important values of $v$ to note: first, $v_0$, the minimal value of $v$ at which $f(v_0)$ attains the same value as the bump's local maximum of $f$; and

Fotograf ślubny Kraków 2.01 msza ślubna czytania 2.01 parafia zesłania ducha świętego ruczaj 2.01 kościół św agnieszki kraków 2.01 światowe dni młodzieży w krakowie 2.01 kościół św katarzyny w krakowie 2.01 jaki aparat kupić 2.01 jaki aparat wybrać 2.01 muzeum maszyn erotycznych w pradze 2.01 niestandardowe atrakcje weselne 3.01 tort na 25 lecie ślubu 2.01 wesela kraków i okolice 2.01 niestandardowe atrakcje weselne 2.01 kościół św. anny w krakowie 2.01 łaki nowohuckie 2.01 zdjęcia chrzciny 2.01 zdjęcia ślubne w kościele 2.01 goły tort 2.01 jesienna sesja zdjęciowa 2.01 muzeum maszyn erotycznych 2.01 muzeum maszyn erotycznych praga Superior porady fotografia które pomogą ci odnieść sukces Solidne wskazówki na temat fotografii aby ułatwić swój umysł Porady i wskazówki dla fotografów na każdym poziomie Poniżej znajdziesz naprawdę świetne wskazówki na temat fotografii Poniżej znajdziesz doskonałe wskazówki na temat fotografii Pomysły easy photography znajdują się w poniższym artykule Photgraphy made simple z tych wielkich wskazówek Naucz się robić niesamowite zdjęcia w ciągu kilku minut Dowiedz się więcej o perfect photography z tych porad Czy marzyłeś o zostaniu fotografem jak wybrać aparat fotograficzny » Portfolio may refer to: Portfolio (briefcase), a type of briefcase. Portfolio (finance), a collection of assets held by an institution or a private individual. Artist's portfolio, a sample of an artist's work or a case used to display artwork, photographs etc. Quickly and simply build a personalized website to showcase your creative work with Adobe Portfolio. Now included free with any Creative Cloud subscription. karera/portfolio.html. 5 Варианты portfolio. Варианты portfolio. Как оформить портфолио. Портфолио классифицируют по трем видам portfolio definition: 1. a large, thin case used for carrying drawings, documents, etc. 2. a collection of drawings…. Learn more. portfolio перевод в словаре английский - русский. The portfolios of the absent Ministers were temporarily redistributed among seven of the Ministers present. I love free themes! However, some do not have a portfolio function within the theme. But that is not a problem anymore. I finally found a great free... Portfolio definition: A portfolio is a set of pictures by someone, or photographs of examples of their work,... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples. From Italian portafoglio; cognate with French portefeuille ("folder, wallet"), from Latin portāre ("to carry") and folium ("sheet"). The meaning "collection of responsibilities" came by extension in the 1930s. (General American) IPA(key): /pɔɹtˈfoʊ.liˌoʊ/, /-oʊl.joʊ/. Why Create a Digital Portfolio Website? PortfolioGen gives professionals, teachers, students and educators the tools needed to highlight and demonstrate their skills in a modern and unique way that... Define portfolio. portfolio synonyms, portfolio pronunciation, portfolio translation, English portfolio - a list of the financial assets held by an individual or a bank or other financial institution... A portfolio is a collection of financial investments like stocks, bonds, commodities, cash, and cash equivalents, including mutual funds and ETFs. Managing a Portfolio. Types of Portfolios. Portfolio may refer to: Portfolio (briefcase), a type of briefcase Portfolio (finance), a collection of assets held by an institution or a private individualIn finance, a portfolio is a collection of investments. The term "portfolio" refers to any combination of financial assets such as stocks, bonds and cashPortfolio Analysis: Advanced topics in performance measurement, risk and attribution (Risk Books, 2006. ISBN 1-904339-82-4) is an industry text writtenMarket portfolio is a portfolio consisting of a weighted sum of every asset in the market, with weights in the proportions that they exist in the marketPortfolio management may refer to: Portfolio manager Investment management, the professional asset management of various securities IT portfolio managementThe Atari Portfolio (Atari PC Folio) is an IBM PC-compatible palmtop PC, released by Atari Corporation in June 1989. This makes it the world's first palmtopAn electronic portfolio (also known as a digital portfolio, online portfolio, e-portfolio, e-folio, or eFolio) is a collection of electronic evidenceModern portfolio theory (MPT), or mean-variance analysis, is a mathematical framework for assembling a portfolio of assets such that the expected returnA minister without portfolio is either a government minister with no specific responsibilities or a minister who does not head a particular ministry.Portfolio margin is a risk-based margin policy available to qualifying US investors. The goal of portfolio margin is to align margin requirements withthe firm's portfolio. A company may create a portfolio to showcase the capabilities and strengths of the business's services. The portfolio is a collectionPortfolio investments are investments in the form of a group (portfolio) of assets, including transactions in equity, securities, such as common stockCareer portfolios are used to plan, organize and document education, work samples and skills. People use career portfolios to apply for jobs, apply toPortfolio.com was a website published by American City Business Journals that provideed news and information for small to mid-sized businesses (SMB).The Portfolio was a British monthly art magazine published in London from 1870 to 1893. It was founded by Philip Gilbert Hamerton and promoted contemporaryPortfolio optimization is the process of selecting the best portfolio (asset distribution), out of the set of all portfolios being considered, accordingincluded in a patent portfolio. The monetary benefits of a patent portfolio include a market monopoly position for the portfolio holder and revenue fromSelect Portfolio Servicing, Inc. (SPS) is a loan servicing company founded in 1989 as Fairbanks Capital Corp. with operations in Salt Lake City, UtahProject Portfolio Management (PPM) is the centralized management of the processes, methods, and technologies used by project managers and project managementPortfolio (also referred to as Portfolio.hu) is an online financial newspaper in Hungary with a user count of one million per month as of 2018. PortfolioThe Journal of Portfolio Management (also known as JPM) is a quarterly academic journal covering asset allocation, performance measurement, market trendsA bespoke portfolio is a table of reference securities. A bespoke portfolio may serve as the reference portfolio for a synthetic CDO arranged by an investmentA portfolio manager is a professional responsible for making investment decisions and carrying out investment activities on behalf of vested individualsPortfolio is a division of Penguin Group (USA) and Penguin Random House founded in 2001 by Adrian Zackheim as a business book imprint.[clarification needed]Winterthur Portfolio is an academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press. The journal covers articles on the arts in the United StatesIn mathematical finance, a replicating portfolio for a given asset or series of cash flows is a portfolio of assets with the same properties (especiallyThe Service Portfolio is described in the ITIL books Service Strategy and Service Design. The Service Portfolio is the core repository for all informationA foreign portfolio investment is a grouping of assets such as stocks, bonds, and cash equivalents. Portfolio investments are held directly by an investorIn modern portfolio theory, the efficient frontier (or portfolio frontier) is an investment portfolio which occupies the "efficient" parts of the risk–returnPortfolio Magazine, also known as Portfolio, The Magazine of the Fine Arts, was published bimonthly from 1979 to 1983 by Portfolio Associates of New YorkPortfolio insurance is a hedging strategy developed to limit the losses an investor might face from a declining index of stocks without having to sellIT portfolio management is the application of systematic management to the investments, projects and activities of enterprise Information Technology (IT)A segregated portfolio company (or SPC), sometimes referred to as a protected cell company, is a company which segregates the assets and liabilities ofU.S. Bancorp (stylized as us bancorp) is an American bank holding company based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and incorporated in Delaware. It is the parentThe specific task assigned to a minister is referred to as his or her "portfolio". In the United Kingdom, all government organisations that consist ofThe Wasmuth portfolio (1910) is a two-volume folio of 100 lithographs of the work of the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959). Titled AusgeführteAn artist's portfolio is an edited collection of an artist's best artwork intended to showcase their style or method of work. A portfolio is used by artistsA renewable portfolio standard (RPS) is

> Agnesdelmotte > Art > Art in the digital age > Net artists / new media artists Nadia schmidle. Hosted. With Galleries Closed, a Moment for Net Artists to Shine. LONDON — In early March, the artist Olia Lialina was installing a solo retrospective at the Arebyte gallery in East London, feeling anxious about whether anyone would be able to attend: Italy had already announced quarantine measures and other European countries looked likely to follow. Sure enough, by the time of the opening a few weeks later, Britain was in lockdown. She had to make the event online-only. The story will be familiar to artists, musicians and performers whose work has been interrupted, or simply obliterated, by the pandemic. Best Effort Network. Gallery — Best Effort Network. Self-Portrait. Big Glitter, O.Lialina & M.Tyka. Blingee Treasure Trove screencast. All You Need is Link. OpenX zone at Ars Electronica in 1999. Photo: Sabine Starmayr. A Zoo is a more expensive type of event that requires at least bringing the FNA to the location of the exhibition and accommodating her there. In the exhibition space, beside the usual computer with an inscription on the wall and an open browser, a chair is put down, and on that chair—oh, isn't that great—sits the FNA in person. Best Effort Network. War. Last Real Net Art Museum. My Boyfriend Came Back From The War. online since 1996. Russian artist Olia Lialina's "My Boyfriend Came Back From The War" (MBCBFTW) is a key work of 1990s artistic practice on the web, marking its 20th anniversary in 2016. It has a pioneering character, as an interactive narrative and a work of net art. MBCBFTW presents two people who are trying to talk to each other about a war, after the fact. "My Boyfriend Came Back From the War" is a unique case and a fascinating example of a work that has inspired artists for 20 years; they cite it time and again, they focus on it or reinterpret it through remixing. Lialina has collected these works in her private archive under the title Last Real Net Art Museum. So far she has gathered 27 versions, 13 of which she has chosen for the HeK exhibition. A publication linked to the exhibition will present both the works themselves and key essays on the development of Internet culture. Artists: Twintig Jaar Op Het Web: My Boyfriend Came Back From The War. Mbcbftw mona ulrich component list 15 june 2016. ☼ Olia Lialina, 'Summer' (2013) Summer (2013). Olia Lialina. Screenshot of animation comprising individual GIF images displayed across multiple websites. In a 2006 interview with Valeska Buehrer, artist Olia Lialina observed that her early web-based works, particularly My Boyfriend Came Back from the War, have been irrevocably changed by the accelerating speed of the internet. Though the work is still as it was: same files, same address, links -- it is now more like a documentation of itself. Because everything else changed. Sometimes a GIF Is All You Need. Today and yesterday were glorious days in New York: August had come, the sun was shining, the weather was just right. They were the type of days that make you want to frolic, or skip or swing. And so it happened, when I clicked on a link in a tweet by pioneering net artist and critic Olia Lialina, that I saw her swinging joyfully towards me in my browser. This, I thought, is the perfect expression of summer. Lialina's piece "Summer" is a GIF, and at first glance, a fairly simple one: it features an image of the artist swinging to and fro against a blank background that bleeds from bright blue to white. Olia Lialina - Sex Magazine. Olia Lialina is a Russian-born net artist and Professor of New Media at Merz Akademie Stuttgart. Her works are archived and available to view online at Art Teleportacia, Olia's web gallery. Her first seminal project, "My boyfriend came back from the war" is a cinematic, text and .gif-based choose-your-own adventure experience. She is also a prolific writer and theorist; her research focuses on the vernacular of the Internet and digital folklore. Recently, Olia's interrogation of this subject matter has been enriched by her and husband Dragan Espenschied's documentation of the Geocities archive. "Animated GIF Model", 2005 What kinds of experiences did you have with computers before the advent of the Internet? "Anna Karenina Goes to Paradise", 1996 What kinds of films did you show at the film club? "My boyfriend came back from the war", 1996 "Summer", 2013 It's dependent on a whole community. "Online Newspapers: French Edition", 2013. Olialia - if you want to clean your screen. Rich User Experience, UX and Desktopization of War. This essay is based on my lecture given at Interface Critique, Berlin University of the Arts, November 7th 2014. Thank you for hosting me. Today I'm talking as the Geocities Institute's Head of Research, an advocate for computer users' rights, and interface design teacher. I'm making web pages since 1995, since 2000 I'm collecting old web pages, since 2004 I'm writing about native web culture (digital folklore) and the significance of personal home pages for the web's growth, personal growth and development of HCI. So I remember very well the moment when Tim O'Reilly promoted the term Web 2.0 and announced that the time of Rich User Experience has begun. This buzzword was based on Rich Internet Applications, coined by Macromedia, that literally meant their Flash product. Notes on Being Net Artist. 18 years of being net artist were 18 years of explaining difference in between net art and web art explaining difference in between net.art and net art removing the dot from net.artist being called media artist being mixed up with the austrian artist Lia being called cyberfeminist getting to know that i'm in a show from vanity search getting requests to send screenshots in 300 DPI refusing to show the work offline refusing to show the work without address bar rejecting Internet Explorer (and later Safari) being told that there is no fee for online works being interviewed about net art economic models praying that it works in the next browser version updating for the next browser version making no back ups editing files directly on server ignoring the rumors that net art is dead learning HTML teaching web design these are not the only things that happened to me,but the ones that were there from the very beginning and never went away. Prof. Olia Lialina - Digital Conservation: Not a Technological Challenge. Interview with Olia Lialina. Olia Lialina is a net.artist. She lives and works in Moscow. She is also a filmcritic and filmcurator. We talked in Ljudmila Media Lab in Ljubljana in May '97, on the first day of the nettime conference, while the conference was in progress with an American history lesson of the Internet in the main room. We were sitting between other escapees that were doing mail or surfing and the friendly kitchen crew. Dragan Espenschied to Lead Rhizome's Digital Conservation Program. After an international search, leading digital preservation specialist, artist, and musician Dragan Espenschied has been appointed to lead Rhizome's growing and award-winning Digital Conservation program. Espenschied, who will relocate from Germany to New York for the position, will bring the program to its next phase and steward the ArtBase, Rhizome's collection of over 2,000 born-digital artworks. Espenschied is well known in the academic research field for projects such as bwFLA: Emulation as a Service, which allows legacy computer systems to run in a standard web browser. Hallo Surfer. Haha,nice! i almost feel my computer shake on each step :) 'hallo surfer' by Dragan @despens 2012, via @GIFmodel -- Aram Bartholl (@arambartholl) – agnesdelmotte Contemporary Home Computing. "Once Upon" by Olia Lialina & Dragan Espenschied. Olia Lialina's

2010 07 08 PC Minutes Posted on Thursday 8th July 2010 Minutes of the Ordinary Meeting of Fulking Parish Council held in the Village Hall, Fulking on Thursday 8 July 2010 at 8.00pm Present: Chairman Mr Tony Brook, Vice Chairman Mrs Pamela Rowland, Councillors Mr Richard Corner, Ms Jo Hudek, Mrs Jennifer Parmar and Clerk to the Council Mrs Paula Hazard. Apologies for Absence: None Declarations of Interest by Members (if any) are shown against the relevant items in the minutes. Minutes — The minutes of the meeting held on 8 April 2010, as previously circulated, were approved, accepted and signed by the Chairman. The Chairman introduced Jo Hudek who had been co-opted to the Parish Council at an Extraordinary Parish Council meeting held on 1 July, 2010. This was following the resignation of Jenny Vaughan at the Annual Parish Meeting. Highways: Non-skid surface Clappers Lane — The recent re-surfacing work of Clappers Lane had included adjusting the gradient of the northern entrance. This had meant that the problem of wheel-spin had been cured. Therefore there was no longer such a pressing need for a non-skid surface. Flooding problem by the Shepherd and Dog stream culvert — The PC had sent County Councillor Peter Griffith a copy of the correspondence between the PC and WSCC Highways concerning the PC's request for a more permanent solution. Clerk to follow up with Peter Griffiths. Tree problem at Stammers Hill — Jamie Thompson, a local Tree Surgeon, had taken down the potentially dangerous sycamore tree that had been identified earlier on in the year. He had saved the village a lot of money by asking that his fee be donated to the Playground Appeal. The PC expressed their thanks to him and his team. North Town: New Play Equipment — The new play equipment had been installed and the project had now been completed. The Chairman expressed his thanks to everyone involved with the project, particularly Councillor Pam Rowland. Thanks were also given to everyone that donated to the Playground Appeal. Play Area Surface — The merits of four costed options were debated. The options ranged from upgrading the current barkpit to three other types of surface. It was agreed that the best option would be to replace the current surface with the wet pour surface. This would require a grant. Councillor Hudek to investigate the possibility of obtaining a grant from Viridor. If it was not possible to obtain a grant then the current bark surface would need to be topped up and maintained. Mowing and Maintenance of field — The field was being maintained by a new person, Mark Stepney, who was doing an excellent job. Public Liability Insurance — No further update from the NTF Trust. Diverted Footpath 4dF: There was no further news from the Rights of Way Committee. Reopening of Bridleway 11F: There was no further news from West Sussex Rights of Way. Local provision of grit: Jenny Vaughan had kindly donated the money for the village to buy a grit bin for the Clappers Lane/The Street junction. The grit bin had been ordered and grit delivered. The Chairman was working on agreeing a precise location with householders. Village Plan: Action in Rural Sussex (AirS) had given a talk about the Village Action Plan process at the Annual Parish Meeting. The last two issues of Pigeon Post contained articles requesting volunteers to come forward to join the Village Action Plan team. Several villagers had expressed an interest in joining the team. The Chairman reiterated the request for volunteers at the meeting. AirS had recommended that ideally two members of the PC would be represented on the Village Action Plan team. It was agreed that the two members would be Tony Brooks and Jo Hudek. The next step was for a kick-off Village Plan team meeting to be arranged. Ram House: The PC had formally written to CC Peter Griffiths, as requested at the previous PC meeting. The letter detailed the need for the roof repair and asked whether a grant would be possible. The PC had also written to the National Trust asking if they would consider taking over ownership. This was on the basis that the National Trust would have the resources to look after this historical structure for future generations. Clerk to follow up. Lower Kents: The Chairman had spoken to the landowner who had given an assurance that a planning application would be submitted by the end of July. The Clerk had also spoken to MSDC Development Control asking them to chase up the landowner. Henfield Medical Centre Link: The PC had decided to donate 100 to the Henfield Medical Centre Link. The service provides transport to hospital, dental and medical centre appointments Centre for people in the Henfield area, including Fulking, who do not have other transport available to them. A significant number of clients are Fulking residents. Users of this service pay a small fee but there is a small shortfall. The PC had agreed that they hoped to make this an annual donation. Motorbikes on South Downs: Motorbikes had been reported riding on the top of the Downs and across Fulking Escarpment. The problem had been reported to the South Downs Joint Downs Committee who advised that they had set up an initiative called Sussex Pathwatch to address this problem. People could either ring the non-emergency Police telephone number quoting Sussex Pathwatch or report it via the on-line Sussex Pathwatch website. In order to give weight to the problem and support the police in prioritising it, they recommended that as many people as possible registered incidents using this method. The problem was also reported to the National Trust who also advised that more people needed to report the problem in order for the police to give it sufficient priority. Councillor Parmar to alert Farm Manager of issue which could affect the herd of cows on the Escarpment. Powered Microlights: The issue of the growing number of powered microlights flying over Fulking was discussed. The South Downs Joint Committee had advised that they were not aware of any specific policy on this. Chairman to speak to Mid Sussex District Council about its policy concerning the private use of runways. Financial Matters: The Chairman and Vice Chairman signed off the interim audit, cheque list and Matters cheque stubs. The Annual Accounts for 2009/2010 had been signed off by the PC and Responsible Financial Officer. The internal audit was being carried out. AOB: The Chairman and Councillor Corner paid tribute to Gina Field who had sadly died recently. They both spoke of her service and commitment to the village in her role as District Councillor. Mr Goodridge had raised a concern before the meeting about dog fouling and dogs being out of control along The Backway and asked whether signs could be installed there to address these issues. The Chairman felt that as this was private land it was a private matter that needed to be dealt with by the parties involved and did not fall under the remit of the PC. It was also noted that there was a desire to keep signs in the village to a minimum. However, the PC did understand the general issues raised and agreed to post an article in the Pigeon Post. The meeting was opened up for local residents to raise any issues. The location of the sound stage in Small Acres during Fulking Fair was raised as a concern because it had caused a noise nuisance to residents who lived directly next to the stage last year. The Chairman said that he would see if it could be sited in a different position but he thought that the location could be constrained by the wiring. It was queried as to why the issue of parking in Clappers Lane was not on the Agenda. The Chairman

Meghan Markle Hires A Doula For Childbirth & Prince Harry Getting 'Coaching' Lessons "I have an idea", she said during the outing, according to People. Days after the Duchess of Sussex had the idea of writing empowering messages on bananas which were given out to sex workers around Bristol, the women responded. Morgan has publicly attacked the Duchess on multiple occasions, most recently accusing her of "acting" her way through her role as Duchess of Sussex. As Prince Harry and Meghan eagerly await their bundle of joy, several reports are saying that the duchess has hired a doula to support her during labour. The project provides women with practical and emotional support, including expert advice and crisis care to hot showers and lunch. He asked his co-hosts, "If you'd been advising Meghan Markle before this, would you have said maybe not the bananas?" The Duchess asked her assistants if anyone had a Sharpie so she could write messages on the fruit. Meghan wrote positive messages on bananas. She had been inspired by a canteen manager in the USA, who wrote similar affirmations on bananas to make school children feel empowered. "When you're on the stage, you can't be like, you know, f***ing around on the stage", he started. Vogue Australia quoting sources reported that Markle has sought the help of celebrity acupuncturist Ross Barr to assist them as she comes to the end of her third trimester. "This is one of the weirdest, most ridiculous things I have ever seen a member of the Royal Family do". "Giving prostitutes an "empowering" banana after they've spent the night subjecting their bodies to often vile, sexually depraved men, is quite another". Gotta give Megs props for continuing her royal duties despite being v. pregnant with the couple's first child who is due in late April of this year. A source previously told Us Weekly that the former Suits star is "full of energy and in good spirits" as she enters the final half of her pregnancy. But One25's CEO Anna Smith told BAZAAR.com it was a moment she will never forget. Samsung Galaxy J8 Coming Next Month Barcelona striker Luis Suarez's record vs. Real Madrid UK Home Office approves Mallya's extradition to India Vijay Mallya is accused in India of conspiracy to defraud, make false representations and launder money, added the spokesperson. April 18, 2017: Scotland Yard arrests Mallya on an extradition warrant after he surrenders at a central London police station. Cryptocurrency Exchange Says It Can't Access Millions After CEO Unexpectedly Died Users have been complaining about "withdrawal issues and a lack of communication" from QuadrigaCX for months, the publication reported . New addition Porzingis practices with Mavericks I think about basketball 24/7, and I really see us being very special on the court and fun to watch, so I'm excited about it". Still, the trade seemingly came out of nowhere after a meeting between Knicks brass and Porzingis and his agent on Thursday. Freezing rain, roller-coaster temperatures To the south, rain showers will wind down, with a chance of snow showers on the back edge of the precipitation before ending. Surfaces such as highways, roads, walkways and parking lots may become hard to navigate due to accumulating snow. Smuggled Leopard Cub From Bangkok Rescued At Chennai Airport The officials of Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) identified the cub as leopard cub of "Panthera pardus" specie. The month old female leopard cub was seized at the Anna International Airport in Chennai , India. University Hospital Limerick cancer patient fronts World Health Organisation HPV campaign In comparison, the most common cancers diagnosed in the United States are cancers of the lung, breast, prostate, and colorectum. Is Cancer a death sentence? Historically, there are some cancers that are more hard to diagnose than others. Super Bowl Odds: Vegas Makes Chiefs Favorites to Win Super Bowl LIV The children of the Super Bowl winners seemed just as excited as their role models in Mercedes-Benz Stadium Sunday night. And, similar to the way they felt about what the haters said throughout the season, the New England Patriots don't care. Giant hole in Antarctica Thwaites Glacier Thwaites Glacier, among the most threatened hunks of ice on the continent, is in even more dire straits than previously reported. Researchers were shocked when they discovered how much ice had been lost already, expecting to find much smaller gaps. Fate of Mexican drug lord El Chapo now rests with USA jury The defense claims Guzman's role has been exaggerated by cooperating witnesses who are seeking leniency in their own cases. El Chapo was extradited from Mexico to the United States in early 2017; the drug lord had often escaped from custody. China is Preparing to Meet the New Year People in China often spend it visiting family, eating special food and attending festivals. It is the most important time of celebrations among Chinese people, as they travel home. Piers Morgan riles Meghan Markle fans with banana mockery The Duke and Duchess of Sussex weren't fazed by one candid youngster when they visited Bristol, England , last week. The journalist told viewers he knew Meghan for about a year and a half while she was working on Suits . Eden Hazard believes Chelsea are capable of beating Manchester City He scored two goals, but perhaps more importantly, proved that he can strike flawless chemistry with new signing Gonzalo Higuain . Then we can play sometimes with Kovacic as a central midfielder and Jorginho will be able to rest". Barcelona striker Luis Suarez's record vs. Real Madrid Valencia will have been disappointed to let their lead slip but content with a point at the hardest ground to go to in LaLiga . Messi's absence at the Camp Nou would be a blow to Barcelona , particularly with the Argentinian in such blistering form. Samsung Galaxy J8 Coming Next Month That means apps will be able to use security measures like facial recognition and fingerprint scans easily to secure access. However, what many people don't know is that Samsung is also adding the finishing touches to Galaxy S10 at the same time . Bertens and Vekic set for final showdown in St Petersburg Netherlands' Kiki Bertens celebrates winning her semi-final match against Belarus' Aryna Sabalenka . Sabalenka has been in much better form in 2019 and she seems to be playing better tennis. Russia Suspends Nuclear Arms Treaty After US Says to Pull Out As for Washington's accusations that Russian Federation had violated the agreement, most respondents (74%) call them unfounded. China's foreign ministry ruled out the possibility of negotiating a new multilateral pact that includes Beijing. New Orleans boycots the Super Bowl in record numbers Sunday's low-scoring affair didn't help soothe the annoyance Saints players and fans felt about their perceived snub. Thousands of people showed up, too . "Super Bowl? What Super Bowl?" the front-page headline read. Iran launches NEW Hoveyzeh missile on 40th anniversary on Islamic Revolution The Defence Ministry's website carried an undated video purportedly showing the Hoveizeh being test-fired from a mobile launcher. Amir Hatami said the missile hit its target in the Saturday test after travelling 1,200 kilometres (745 miles). Federal prosecutors intend to subpoena Trump inaugural committee, source says Federal law prohibits foreign contributions to federal campaigns, political action committees and inaugural funds. A second spokesman, Owen Blicksilver, declined to answer questions about which documents prosecutors requested. Elon Musk just showed off SpaceX's Starship Raptor engine firing SpaceX has been developing the Raptor engine over the last few years as part of its plan to eventually send tourists to Mars. Merlins use kerosene and liquid oxygen (LOX) propellants, for example, whereas Raptors use liquid methane and LOX. Egyptian Antiquities Ministry announces new archeological discovery in Minya Wagdi Ramadan, stated that work at the tombs had started in February 2018 with the discovery of a singular tomb engraved in rock. They later located more chambers "filled with mummies and large stone sarcophagi". Highly impressed by

We've waited this long for games that mean something no need to waste any time. –If unforced errors were a stat kept as readily as face-offs, something tells me that would be a bigger story than the Hawks getting slayed in the face-off dot. The Hawks inability to control the puck with no Coyotes pressure or just abhorrent decisions in the defensive zone were far more to blame for the loss than losing face-offs. Off memory alone, I counted at least eight instances from the latter half of the first period and the second period where veteran players like Patrick Sharp, Marian Hossa, and Johnny Oduya coughed up the puck in dangerous areas with little to no pressure to allow Phoenix back into the game. Hell, Niklas Hjalmarsson had five on one shift on Phoenix's first goal. He started it off by firing a blind cross-ice pass in his own zone that was easily intercepted by Ray Whitney and concluded with him taking the puck from Corey Crawford as he attempted to freeze it. In between that, we were treated to three (THREE!!!) blind ring around the boards. Had he just picked up his head and/or not panicked, he would have realized a) there was no Coyote breathing downing his neck and b) he could have just easily skated the puck out or at least skated it until he drew a Coyote or two in his direction to open easy passing lanes. The encouraging thing is guys like Patrick Sharp and Marian Hossa are not known for having the yips for extended periods so whatever it was, it should be out of the Hawks system. And hopefully so, because there is at least one shutout in this series for the Hawks if they're defensively capable. –The Hawks have had some decent success against Pekka Rinne by elevating pucks along with creating massive traffic jams in the crease. Mike Smith is about the same size as Rinne and leaves even more room upstairs than Rinne. Just about every puck that was above Smith's shins last night gave him problems as opposed to those along the ice that he handled with relative ease. Bryan Bickell and Dave Bolland had all sorts of room on nearly identical plays but were unable to lift puck allowing Smith to make fairly easy saves. However, since a lost face-off led to Martin Hanzal's eventual game-winner, it will probably lead to two days of stories about how the Hawks are going to improve their face-offs. You know, instead of focusing on what also led to the goal, a Nick Leddy panicked icing (aka an unforced error) where a simple hoisting of the puck would have done the trick. –Is there a more passive multiple 40 goal scorer than Marian Hossa? Free Fifth Feather coffee mugs for the first person to explain why he passes up so many golden chances. –Ultimately, this series is likely to hinge on Joel Quenneville finding the proper combination on his top two lines. The Dave Bolland line was a tour de force and should continue to be. The other two lines left quite a bit to be desired. Sharp and the Swedes were out of sorts until the overtime. Perhaps that had to do with Viktor Stalberg getting needlessly benched for long stretches of the second period, but alas. Kane, Toews, and Hossa is just too much of the same thing, particularly if Hossa is going to continue to pass up shots in the slot. Oh, and the fourth line needs a complete makeover. That would also help things. –It didn't even take one shift for Andrew Shaw to annoy the piss out of the Coyotes. For the rest of the series, he doesn't really need to assert himself into any kind of post-whistle B.S. because the Coyotes are going to find him. Going out of his way to start stuff is only going to lead to multiple trips to the penalty box. He'd be better served trying to score goals because that's what will really annoy the Coyotes even more. After 82 games, after all the head-scratching, after all the jumps to conclusion in October, after all the calls for Stan Bowman and/or Joel Quenneville to be fired, after every core player was deemed trade able, the Blackhawks finished with 101 points, 1 point behind the Detroit Red Wings and 3 points behind the unbeatable Nashville Predators for the 5th best finish in the Western Conference. As a reward, they draw the Pacific Division champion Phoenix Coyotes in the first round. As many have already said, it is better than the alternative of facing Detroit or Nashville in the first round. That's not to say it's going to be easy because Phoenix has a significant advantage in net and in the playoffs, it's a big thing. However, the Hawks are better than Phoenix in every other facet of the game. They are deeper offensively and deeper defensively. They are more talented and more playoff-tested. Other than the addition of Antoine Vermette and the maturation of Oliver Ekman-Larsson, this Coyotes team (of course substituting Mike Smith with Bryzgalov) is essentially the same squad that was swept out of last year's playoff by a Detroit team that isn't as strong as this year's Hawks. When it comes to these low talent level, maximum effort, "system" type teams like the Coyotes, the regular season is a much easier hurdle to clear than the monotony of playing the same team for two weeks. A big reason why they're able to rack up as many points as they do is because a) they sneak up on teams that don't bring their top effort during the doldrums of the regular season and b) opposing teams don't have the luxury of centering their entire game plan around one team for one game. That's the biggest reason why teams like Predators, Coyotes, and soon to be the Blues struggle to win more than a round in the playoffs against significantly deeper and more talented teams. That's not to say it's going to be a cakewalk for the Blackhawks. It's probably going to take a few games for them to figure out the best way to navigate their way through the neutral zone and how to keep Mike Smith firmly in his crease. After the riddle is solved, though, it should only be a matter of games before they move on to the next round. Unless, of course, Corey Crawford thinks its December, Mike Smith channels his inner Curtis Joseph, and the Coyotes get a ton of puck luck. Then, anything can happen. We wrote the following for the final regular season issue of "The Committed Indian." As an aside, let me also take the time to apologize for our lack of a presence for the majority of this season. Amazingly, sometimes life gets in the way of this sort of thing. With the playoffs drawing ever closer, there will be a game recap to follow for each game and perhaps some thoughts in between games as well. Hopefully, the Hawks season will mimic that of the second season of "The Walking Dead": early promise, a big lull in the middle, and a tremendous finish. And here we stand again, another regular season gone by and another post-season awaits. Seems like a lifetime ago when we would reminisce of the days of yore when the Hawks were a perennial playoff team and dream of when they would be again as we watched the ABC line drunkenly stumble its way across the finish line to the tune of 12th place in the Western Conference. We obviously don't need to throw a parade for another year of postseason hockey in Chicago; they should be expected after all, but it's also important to remember

GIFTxchange Global Leaders Programme Asia Young Leaders Programme Malaysia Stay and Build Management and Organisational Development Sustainability Advisory Policy Advisory Understanding Global Shifts & The Rise Of Asia Honest Inquiry GIFT Publications Consumptionomics Dismantling Global White Privilege The Other Hundred The Sustainable State Understanding China Will Make a World of a Difference Now Everyone Prospers (NEP): The Best of Both Worlds GIFT Media Insights From Asia: Tomorrow Matters Basic Needs Are Not Basic Business: Rural Electrification in East Malaysia In April, GIFT ASEAN will run the third Malaysia Young Leaders Programme (YLP) in Sabah, which will include an experiential learning component focused on providing a basic need: electricity. GIFT will be partnering with Tonibung, an ASEAN Energy Award-winning social enterprise that makes and distributes micro-hydropower generators to the 600 off-grid rural communities in Sabah. Using the momentum of river water, these generators grant communities access to all the benefits of reliable power, such as extended working and social hours, easier access to education and entertainment, as well as increased productivity and powered healthcare equipment. Tonibung is ambitiously looking to provide these benefits at a larger scale by connecting multiple villages together with a network of micro-grids. As part of their experiential learning, participants will produce a business plan with a view to attract investment for Tonibung's microgrids, including recommendations on how best to manage this capital in a sustainable and transparent manner. This will be no small task: understanding investment opportunities in electrification for rural Sabah requires navigation of the economic, political and geographical complexities of the region. It would also bring about changes to village life that must be managed to foster community growth. Using their soft skills, participants will manage various stakeholder interests and create a viable commercial model. This is part of our leadership learning objectives and the core of our experiential methodology. After all, what works in a more developed or an urban economy will be unfeasible in much of the developing world, including a place like rural Sabah. Working on a project like Tonibung's reveals different opportunities and constraints, and so require different, "outside-the-box" business models. As an example of these complexities, the rural power sector does not operate in the same way as it does in urban markets. The national grid can only extend so far: using kilometres of transformer cables to connect rural areas with urban hubs is not cost-effective. Additionally, villagers do not use electric-powered goods in large numbers, which means the demand for electricity is currently not large enough to make conventional grid operation economically viable. Thus, the key issue to be tackled when it comes to community-based models like Tonibung's is financial sustainability: how can the organisation continue to receive sufficient income so it can continue its work and expand to new areas? Tonibung's efforts will need to be helped by encouraging a cultural shift amongst villagers. The demand for electricity may rise naturally as villagers become more aware of the social and economic benefits of electricity, but Tonibung may need to incubate demand among villages to ensure adequate returns on its investments. We cannot expect villagers to be aware of all the opportunities that electricity presents. By demonstrating these opportunities, Tonibung can expand the market for electricity in a way that still aligns with their social mandate. They have begun this process already: Tonibung's Founder, Adrian Lasimbang, is a Federal Senator who represents Sabah in the national senate, and has explained to villagers the importance of electric lighting for security at night, and fridges to keep gathered food fresh for longer. Together with Tonibung, Adrian has secured funding from the government as a pioneer in rural electrification, which he intends to use for the micro-grids in question. GIFT reached a similar conclusion on its 2014 Global Leaders Programme in Laos, facilitated in partnership with the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacifc. We realised that most rural electrification programmes assumed that electricity would spur entrepreneurship, when instead the opposite was true: programmes needed to foster local businesses, which in turn would increase demand for electricity to the point where rural electrification would be more viable. The ESCAP project was, in turn, inspired from GIFT's 2013 Global Leaders Programme in Indonesia. Like the upcoming Malaysia programme, the 2013 GLP also focused on micro-hydropower. 2013 participants suggested a system where local communities could eventually gain ownership of microgenerators, allowing these communities to start receiving a return from managing these generators. However, any rapid socio-economic change presents the risk of poor implementation, or even exploitation by others. Hence, Adrian stresses the importance of a community-based model in which villagers co-own the micro-grids so they have a say in the rate and scale of electricity-based change. Tonibung will remain involved by providing advice, education, and transparent business opportunities that encourage the growth and integration of rural communities in Sabah. Adrian is excited about the opportunity to work with GIFT, and believes the participants of the Malaysia YLP can work together to make Tonibung's goal a reality: "The business plan is essential for the whole ecosystem to work – but we're not a business organisation, so how the micro-grids can be funded and sustained is something we need help to achieve". If you're interested to find out more about the Malaysia YLP, visit the programme page here or please get in touch with Synna Ong, the Programme Manager for this Malaysia YLP, at song@global-inst.com. Rich discussion and debate, breakthrough business thinking and practical implementation beyond the programme. Content is original, thought-provoking and practical. Get Our Latest News First Monthly updates on our latest programmes, events and reports from GIFT. Global Institute For Tomorrow Suite 1608, 16/F, 1111 King's Road Taikoo Shing enquiry@global-inst.com GIFT South East Asia D-23A-05, Menara Suezcap 1 KL Gateway, Bangsar South, No 2. Jalan Kerinchi, Gerbang Kerinchi Lestari giftasean@global-inst.com Customised Leadership Programmes Public Leadership Programmes Outcome-Driven-Facilitation Tomorrow Matters © GIFT 2021 MURARI K. CHIEF INFORMATION SECURITY OFFICER, UOB SINGAPORE Murari is the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) for UOB Singapore. Prior to joining UOB, he worked in various leadership roles in several multinational corporations across the banking, consumer and consultancy industries. On top of his role at UOB, Murari has taken on international and regional industry leadership and advisory roles. He currently serves on the Advisory Panel for Cyber Youth Singapore (CYS), is a Senior Industry Advisor for CIO Academy Asia and is a member of the Singapore Institute of Directors (SID). He previously served on the International Board of Directors for the Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Centre (FS-ISAC) and was a member of the ISACA International Professional Standards Committee. KELLY CHAO HEAD OF CUSTOMER MANAGEMENT & ANALYTICS, PRUDENTIAL CORPORATION ASIA Kelly is the Head of Customer Intelligence & Analytics of Prudential. She leads customer management across the region leveraging data insights and analytics to deepen engagement with customers, fill their protection gaps and enable seamless experience. Prior to joining Prudential, Kelly held numerous leadership roles for top financial institutions. She has over 20 years of delivering business results with analytic solutions in sales & marketing, operations, risk management and HR. LEO CHAN DIRECTOR OF HR, MICROSOFT Leo is the director of human resources in Microsoft Hong Kong. He oversees the day-to-day operations of all people-related programs to support the growth of the Hong Kong subsidiary. Having worked at the technology and life insurance sectors in North America and Asia Pacific, he brings a diverse set of skillset specializing in talent management, people development, organizational learning and talent acquisition. Prior to Microsoft, Leo was most recently the Head of Talent Management & Development at AIA, in charge of developing customized career advancement and contemporary talent retention strategies. He also elevated the role of human capital management beyond conventional means to reverse mentoring programs, next-gen summit, innovative hacks, design thinking and career roadmap visualizations. Leo is a huge advocate in working with the businesses to drive bespoke, relevant and practical solutions for their people. JUSTIN NG Justin is an Associate Consultant at

ACS and WFC3 images using software like ISHAPE (Larson1999), and much published work (including Chandar et al. 2017, Ryon et al. 2017) has confirmed that this broadening can be measured down to about 0.2 pixels, corresponding to size limits of $\sim$0.3 pc, $\sim$0.6 pc at distances of 5 Mpc, 10 Mpc. Extending to 15 and 20 Mpc, the upper end of distance range covered by the PHANGS survey, the cluster size limits are 0.8 and 1.1 pc. Per the ISHAPE manual, at 5 Mpc, this is calculated as: 0.2 pix * 0.04 (arcsec/pix)* 24 pc/arcsec * 1.48 = 0.28 pc (where 1.48 is a conversion factor given in the ISHAPE manual when assuming a King profile specifically). Hence, if the peak sizes for clusters are in the 2-3 pc range, the vast majority of cluster will be resolved for most of the galaxies in PHANGS-HST.} The sizes of stellar associations, which dominate the young stellar population, span a wider range with sizes from a few pc to $\sim$100 pc ~\citep{pz10,gouliermis18}.\color{black} Early attempts at classifying clusters in external galaxies with HST imaging focused mainly on old globular clusters, for example, the swarm of thousands of globular clusters around the central elliptical galaxy in the Virgo Cluster, M87 ~\citep{whitmore95}. This was a fairly straightforward process since the background was smooth and the clusters were well separated. With the discovery of super star clusters in merging galaxies \citep[e.g,][]{holtzman92}, the enterprise of the identification and study of clusters in star-forming galaxies using HST began, despite the fact that crowding and variable backgrounds in such galaxies make the process far more challenging. Studies of normal spiral galaxies pushed the limits to fainter and more common clusters \citep[e.g,][]{larsen02, chandar10b}. In all these early studies, the primary objective was to distinguish true clusters from individual stars and image artifacts, and there were essentially no attempts to further segregate the clusters into different classes. An exception, and one of the first attempts at a more detailed classification, was performed by \cite{schweizer96}, who defined 9 object types and then grouped them into two classes: candidate globular clusters and extended stellar associations. More recently, \cite{bastian12a}, who studied clusters using HST imaging of the M83 galaxy, classified star clusters as either symmetric or asymmetric. Their analysis retained only symmetric clusters, which they posited were more likely to be gravitationally bound. Following this work, many studies in the field, most notably the Legacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey (\texttt{LEGUS})~\citep{legus} began differentiating clusters into two or three different categories, so that they could be studied separately or together depending on the goals of the project \citep[see also the review by][and their discussion of ``exclusive" versus ``inclusive" cluster catalogs]{krumholz18}. The \texttt{LEGUS} project also employed machine learning techniques for some of their cluster classification work \cite{messa18, grasha19}. This pioneering work will be discussed in Section 5. In \texttt{LEGUS}, cluster candidates are sorted into four classes as follows~\citep{adamo17, cook19}: \begin{itemize} \item Class 1: compact, symmetric, single central peak, radial profile more extended relative to point source \item Class 2: compact, asymmetric or non-circular (e.g., elongated), single central peak \item Class 3: asymmetric, multiple peaks, sometimes superimposed on diffuse extended source \item Class 4: not a star cluster (image artifacts, background galaxies, pairs and multiple stars in crowded regions, stars) \end{itemize} We adopt the same classification system for this paper. In general, we refer to class 1, 2, and 3 as ``compact symmetric cluster," ``compact asymmetric cluster," and ``compact association" respectively. Examples of objects in each of these classes are shown in Figure~\ref{fig:clusterclass_illustration}. \begin{figure*} \centering \includegraphics[width=0.85\textwidth]{ClusterClass_illustration.png} \caption{Examples of each of the four cluster classifications illustrated with HST/WFC3 imaging. The top four rows show star clusters from NGC 4656, which are part of the training set, while the bottom four rows show clusters from recent PHANGS-HST observations of the spiral galaxy NGC 1559, which form our proof-of-concept test sample, and are not used for training. The first two columns show false-color RGB images for context: the first column displays a 299p x 299p RGB image (R = F814W, G = F438W + F555W, B = F275W + F336W) and the second column shows only the center 50p x 50p of the RGB image (184pc x 184pc for NGC1559, for example). The center 50p x 50p of individual NUV-U-B-V-I HST images, which are used as input to the pre-trained neural network models for further training (tuning) and evaluation, are shown in grayscale in the last 5 columns (from left to right, 50p x 50p images taken with filters F275W, F336W, F438W, F555W, and F814W). We also experiment with 25p x 25p and 100p x 100p images, as discussed in Sections 3 and 4.} \label{fig:clusterclass_illustration} \end{figure*} \subsection{Consistency among Classifications} \color{black} \label{sec:c_human} The stated goal of the current work is to provide cluster classifications via deep transfer learning models that achieve accuracy levels at least as good as other star cluster classifications in the literature, both by human visual inspection and by application of quantitative selection criteria. \color{black} In this section we establish this ``accuracy" level, which we define as the consistency between different classifications for the same cluster populations as reported in the literature, as well as relative to classifications homogeneously performed by one of us (Bradley C.~Whitmore, hereafter BCW.). A first look at the overall consistency between the clusters cataloged by different studies, but based on the same data and same limiting magnitude, is provided by the work on M83 by \cite{bastian12a, whitmore14, chandar14}. Comparisons reported in those papers show that about $\sim$70\% of the clusters are in common between the studies. Later, \cite{adamo17} performed a similar comparison for the spiral galaxy NGC 628 for the catalogs from \texttt{LEGUS} and \cite{whitmore14}, and finds an overlap of $\sim$75\%. Finally, the LEGUS study of M51 by \cite{messa18} find an overlap of 73\% in common with a study by \cite{chandar16}. These results are not based only upon detailed analysis of human-vs-human cluster classifications for individual objects; they are statistical measures of overlap between samples where a mix of human classification/identification, and automated star/cluster separation based on the concentration index (i.e., the difference in magnitude in a 1 pixel vs. 3 pixel radius) were used across the studies. \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ngc_4656_classification_4plot_aug_4_2019.pdf} \caption{Comparisons between star cluster candidate classifications made by BCW and the mode of classifications made by three other \texttt{LEGUS} team members (trained by BCW, A. Adamo, and H. Kim) provided in the LEGUS public star cluster catalog for NGC 4656. Each panel shows the distribution of classifications given in the \texttt{LEGUS} catalog for BCW labelled class 1 (top, symmetric compact clusters), class 2 (upper middle, asymmetric compact clusters), class 3 (lower middle, compact associations) and class 4 (bottom, non-clusters) objects. } \label{fig:ngc4656_classcompare} \end{figure} To more directly evaluate human-vs-human cluster classifications alone we start with a comparison of the NGC 3351 cluster catalog from the LEGUS sample (performed by BCW and team member Sean Linden, who was trained by BCW) with a new version of the NGC3351 cluster catalog independently constructed by PHANGS-HST\footnote{PHANGS-HST has expanded imaging coverage of NGC3351 to produce greater overlap with PHANGS-ALMA CO observations of the galaxy, and is developing new star cluster catalogs for the fields. See Section~\ref{sec:catalog_construction} for an overview of the catalog construction.} (performed by BCW alone). This might be viewed as a test of the consistency that might be expected if the same (or very similar) classifiers return to the same data set after a passage of several years. We find a 80 \% agreement between category 1 objects, 53 \% for category 2, 56 \% for category 3. If we combine category 1 and 2 objects (which is what many authors do for their analysis), the agreement is 88 \%. We next compare classifications assigned by BCW for NGC 4656 to those provided in the \texttt{LEGUS} public cluster catalog, which provides the mode of classifications made by three other \texttt{LEGUS}

to Vi," she wrote, "and said 'I'm Tom—I suppose you're Vi!' And from then on, nobody else got a look-in." Poor Bert, said Phyllis, must have wished he'd never mentioned the party to Tom. What happened to Bert thereafter she didn't record. He had dropped away from the story like the launch stage of a space rocket. Fourteen-year-old Vi and eighteen-year-old Tom—or Tommy, as he now became to Vi and all her side of the family. From Phyllis's account of the way he introduced himself he sounds as if he was at his most self-assured that evening, as much the cocky young man of the world as he looks in his photographs. I expect he gave her one of his irresistible smiles. Soon, I imagine, he was demonstrating his double-jointedness to her—bending his fingers backwards against the table in a sickeningly unnatural reverse curve and pushing back the thumb on his right hand until it seemed ready to snap off. Then showing her his other special attraction, the thumb on his left hand, which couldn't be bent at all because there was no joint in it to be even single; his brother George, the compositor, had showed him round the printing works when he was a boy and allowed him to put his hand in a press. I suppose she looked up at him with those wide eyes and that hopelessly appealing plangency in her heart-shaped face. Fourteen, going on fifteen, looking at eighteen, going on twenty-five. She saw the way he was looking at her—he saw the way she was looking at him—and by the time they had finished looking the story of their lives was half written. Together with the lives of all eighteen of their descendants so far. They had quite a lot in common if you went back a few years, I discovered as I worked through the records. Her father, Albert Lawson, had come from a rather similar background to Tommy's father's—he was the son of a general laborer in Chatham Dockyard. Like Tommy's father he had been a shop assistant in a draper's, and the family, like Tommy's, had been through some rocky times. Bert had launched out from his modest beginnings with high hopes and great enterprise. He had become a traveling salesman and left his fiancée, Eleanor Dormon, behind in England while he went to the United States to make his fortune. He traveled all over, I think for the Irish Linen Company, and did well enough to send for Nell to come and join him. They married in New York, in June 1903. Bert, twenty-six, just beginning to make his fortune in this unforgiving land, and Nell, already thirty, who had overcome her lifelong fear of anything and everything to cross the Atlantic third class or worse and join her fate to his in the summer heat of New York. Then off to the train station together, to the howling sirens and the crossing bells in the night as they chased the hard-won dollar, to Buffalo, to Cincinnati, to St. Louis and Cleveland. That elusive dollar always just ahead of them, just out of reach. Now Nell's pregnant and throwing up and more nervous than ever, and still they're moving on, always moving on. Until they reach Chicago, where, on 6 August 1904, my mother is born. I went to look at the street the first time I was in Chicago—Anthony Avenue, way down on the South Side, a street now split in half by the elevated ramparts of the Skyway. These days the district is black, and when I went the friend who took me would let me out of the car only on condition that he drove alongside of me as I walked, ready for me to jump back in at the first sign of trouble. It looked peaceful enough to me. But it didn't look as if it had ever been the kind of street, even when it had had two sides to it, that suggested Bert had got very far toward making his fortune. Within a couple of years, in 1906, with Nell pregnant again, they'd given up on the American venture, and Vi's sister, Phyllis, was almost born on the boat back. In the 1911 census Bert was exactly where he had started out—an assistant in a draper's shop. The house they were living in was a solid and convincing one half a mile west of the Holloway Road, but according to the census it belonged to Nell's father—described on her birth certificate as a house painter by trade—and they were there as his lodgers, in a single room. Spacious, of course, by the standards of my father's accommodation. In any case, things began to look up. Bert got a series of well-paid jobs, said Phyllis in the little memoir she wrote for me, as a buyer with Selfridges, John Lewis, and other West End stores. By 1912, the electoral register records, they were renting no less than three rooms from his father-in-law. Then came the real turning point in Bert's fortunes, as it did for so many one way or another—the First World War. He gave up working for other people and went into business on his own account, selling palliasses to the government. He had made it at last, not with fine linen for the comfortably off, but with straw mattresses for the troops. He had become one of those reviled entrepreneurs who were doing well out of the war. So well, in fact, that he was able to move his family out of the lodgings and into a detached house that they had entirely to themselves. No father-in-law, no lodgers. He bought a car, a Ford Model T. He took Vi out of school—at fourteen, just like my father. But not, like him, to find work and help support the family. To go to the London Royal Academy of Music, to study violin and piano. She had a gift. She was to be a violinist. However similar her world and Tommy's had once been, they were now very different. This is how things stood that Saturday evening in 1919, when Bert Crouchman and Tom Frayn came calling on Vi at her cousin's party. * * * After I'd looked at the setting of my father's childhood in Devonshire Road I walked, as he must have walked so many times in the next few months, to the house where my mother was then living. It's less than half a mile from my father's house, but it's on the other side of the Holloway Road, and sociologically it's rather more than half a mile. On one side of the Holloway Road are the early-Victorian terraces of the "rough old neighborhood" that had never quite made it into middle-class respectability; on the other, where Bert and his family had now established themselves, is a land of late-Victorian villas that seem as well cared for and genteel still as they ever were. No. 1 Gatcombe Road, where the Lawsons are living in 1919, has fluted columns and stained glass beyond the privet hedges. What does Tom make of this quiet and tree-lined backwater, and this comfortably desirable residence, as he calls to pay court to Vi over the coming weeks and months? What does he make of his future in-laws? I was going to get to know both of them later, unlike my paternal grandparents, and they don't quite fit the neighborhood, in spite of their new respectability—or for that matter the usual picture of war profiteers. Bert, for a start. Like my father he's a bit of a card. Unlike my father he's also a bit of an adventurer, who seems able to turn his hand to anything. He

fed soft-boiled eggs and tea. All the family despised him. I thought about him -- his shame, his fear. Perhaps he read magazines in the bed or looked all day at the pictures on the walls while his head reeled and his vision clouded and he fell in and out of fitful sleep, knowing they were laughing at him behind the kitchen door. We always arrived at my grandmother's house for family gatherings late, unhelpful, overdressed, but somehow daunting to the others. Six other households were represented -- only the upstairs aunt wasn't living somewhere else. But except for my glamorous aunt, her generous, prosperous husband, and her fashionably dressed children -- all exceptional because they lived so modernly, so differently from everything my grandmother stood for -- the rest were minor characters, undistinguished background figures. Nevertheless, each family but ours had some function: the women cooked and served food, the men carried things, moved furniture. We were simply there, representing something they despised: the outside world. We were coming from where we lived -- not a house but the top half of a house; we called it our apartment, liking the urban sound. It was just three blocks away, but traveling there meant some border had to be crossed. The transition made me fretful and fatigued. Often, going to my grandmother's house, I felt physically ill, as if we were making a journey over difficult mountains and had experienced a change of air. Arriving at my grandmother's house from our apartment was like walking from a movie set onto a stage where some slow-moving, slightly out of date play was in the middle of the second act. Some operetta: men in moustaches, girls in curls, flowers, horses, women with their hands in muffs, women in dresses with elaborate trains. But this makes the atmosphere sound too pleasant, as if the brocade couches and gilt mirrors were the whole of the house. Underneath the floral playfulness of the decor, there was always that implacable judgment emanating from the body of Grandmother. She never had to say a word or do a thing; her daughters with their cruel tongues, her sons with their strong backs, took care of everything. At these family parties, everything seemed to take too long: the games, the songs, the meals, the stories. There were no wisecracks, no abbreviations, no slang, no smacks. Everything seemed the same unvarying texture: thick and heavy, serious, unchangeable, forbidding. In our apartment, there were bold patches of vividness, alterations of texture, glass and chrome, striped wallpapers, lamps of a color known as bisque, whose bases looked like ice cream. I would touch them with my tongue; they were delicious, carved and polished, cool. Their satin shades, pinkish and smooth as dresses, gave the room an amorous shadowiness when you lit them at dusk. I don't know where my mother got our furniture. Or if my parents bought it together, an engaged couple, before the wedding. But that's impossible. My father would never have shopped for furniture. He took pride in ignoring his surroundings. To care about things like furniture would have been for him the proof of an inferior nature. To shop for it with his bride-to-be would have made him feel both emasculated and declassed. So she must, my mother, have gone shopping by herself. To buy the maple bedroom set, the dresser shellacked on top, the lamps, the carpets, the soft chairs. Was she lonely in this, or exhilarated. She was leaving her mother's house for the first time, at the age of thirty-nine. She'd been a major support of both her parents and when my parents left my grandparents' house for their wedding, my grandfather handed her a card which said on it "You will work till the day you die." My grandfather was partly right: my mother did work hard. She came home from the lawyer's office in her navy blue suit, putting down her leather purse with its built-in compact, changing into a housedress -- crisp, printed, fresh colored -- and then she cooked for us. She washed our clothes on a washboard. Originally, she'd used the washing machine in her mother's house, but my upstairs aunt insisted she stop. She said the water bill was sky high. Hadn't my mother thought of that? My mother was overtired, my father was a failure, they fought nearly all the time, and always about money. I would go up to the attic. Upstairs, away from them, I felt free. What had money to do with me, or I with money? I stood beneath the bare beams, in the emptiness, watching the gold light strike the bare wood floor in straight vertical bars. I would sing loudly so I couldn't hear what they were saying. "I won't give you one red cent for carfare." "You ought to have your head examined." I twirled around and around, pretending my skirts were long and billowing. I thought the dust motes traveling down the shafts of light were a blessed substance, like manna. I was privileged to be in proximity to it, but I would never dream of following the light upward to its source, for who has looked upon the face of God and lived? The attic was meant to be our storage space, but we had nothing to store. My mother had taken nothing from her mother's house, and my father had lived nowhere: in spare rooms of other people's houses, in hotels. I believed that the people who owned the house before us had stored treasures in the attic for years. Their name was Chamberlain. "English," my father said. Meaning "Protestant, nothing to do with us." I associated those bare beams, that clear light, and all that space with Protestants. Chamberlain -- the clean sound, the clipped-off consonants, the relaxed polysyllable. No need to rush or argue for the Chamberlains. They'd left a beer stein on one of the attic windowsills -- a black background, green figures in salmon-colored pantaloons and black tricornered hats. I never touched it. I believed that if I touched it the Chamberlains would never come back. I longed for them to come back and give me retroactive permission to inhabit their attic. Perhaps they would move in there with me; I could imagine the sun striking their blond hair. Sometimes I'd look out the window and imagine I could see them walking up the street. I'd never met them, but I knew I'd recognize them the moment they appeared. From the attic, I could hear my father and the radio. WQXR: the radio station of the New York Times. I'd sneak up on him and see him conducting a phantom orchestra. My mother listened to radio serials while she ironed. I remember the name of one of them: "Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar." In my memories of my mother ironing, it's always a summer evening. She sips cool drinks, which she leaves on the end of the ironing board. Her arms are lovely in her sleeveless dress, buoyant and fragrant, freckled like an early apple. The iron hisses on the damp fabric, and the joyous smell of cleanliness enters the air of the living room. Then there is the sound of gunshots from the radio and low, conspiratorial, no-nonsense voices. We didn't have a television. To watch television, we went either to my grandmother's or to my glamorous aunt's. My aunt's TV was in the middle of a room they called the TV room, but my grandmother's was hidden in a piece of furniture. Perhaps that way she could pretend to herself most of the time that she hadn't capitulated to modern life. She hadn't bought anything new. To get to the TV, you approached a mahogany

is by induction on $n$. The base of induction holds by the definition of the trapping region $\Theta_{a,b}$. For the induction step, let us assume that the region $D_n$ consists of two connected components, the upper one $D_n^u$ and the lower one $D_n^\ell$, bounded by non-decreasing step-functions. We will show that the region $D_{n+1}$ consists of two connected components, $D_{n+1}^u$ and $D_{n+1}^\ell$, bounded by non-decreasing step-functions. In what follows, we present the proof assuming that $0<b\le -a<1$. The situation $a\le -1$ is less complex due to the explicit cycle expressions described in Theorem \ref{ab-cycle} and can be treated similarly with some minor modifications We decompose the regions $D_n^u$ and $D_n^\ell$ as follows \[ \begin{split} U_n^{11}&=\{(x,y)\in D_n^u\,:\, y\ge TSa\}\\ U_n^{12}&=\{(x,y)\in D_n^u\,:\, b\le y\le TSa\}\\ U_n^3&=\{(x,y)\in D_n^u\,:\, 0\le y\le b\}\\ U_n^{21}&=\{(x,y)\in D_n^u\,:\, \frac{a}{1-a}\le y\le 0\}\\ U_n^{22}&=\{(x,y)\in D_n^u\,:\, b-1\le y\le \frac{a}{1-a}\}\\ L_n^{11}&=\{(x,y)\in D_n^\ell\,:\, y\le T^{-1}Sb\}\\ L_n^{12}&=\{(x,y)\in D_n^\ell\,:\, T^{-1}Sb\le y\le a\}\\ L_n^3&=\{(x,y)\in D_n^\ell\,:\, a\le y\le 0\}\\ L_n^{21}&=\{(x,y)\in D_n^\ell\,:\, 0\le y\le \frac{b}{b+1}\}\\ L_n^{22}&=\{(x,y)\in D_n^\ell\,:\, \frac{b}{b+1}\le y\le a+1\}.\\ \end{split} \] By induction hypothesis, the regions $U_{12},\,U_n^3,\,U_n^{21}$ and $U_n^{22}$ are bounded below and above, and $U_n^{11}$ only below, by a ray and on the right by a non-decreasing step-function. Similarly, the regions $L_n^{12},\,L_n^3,\,L_n^{21}$ and $L_n^{22}$ bounded above and below, and $L_n^{11}$ only above, by a ray and on the left by a non-decreasing step-function. If $B\subset D_n^u$ is one of the upper subregions, let $\partial B$ be the union of the boundary components of $B$ that belong to the boundary of $D_n^u$, and, similarly, if $B\subset D_n^\ell$ is one of the lower subregions, let $\partial B$ be the union of the boundary components of $B$ that belong to the boundary of $D_n^\ell$. Since $\Theta_{a,b}$ is a trapping region, $F(\Theta_{a,b})\subset \Theta_{a,b}$, $D_{n+1}=F(D_n)\subset D_n$, and hence $D_{n+1}^u\subset D_n^u$ and $D_{n+1}^\ell\subset D_n^\ell$. The natural extension map $F$ is piecewise fractional-linear, hence it maps regions bounded by non-decreasing step-functions to regions bounded by non-decreasing step-functions. More precisely, we have \[ \begin{split} U_{n+1}^u&=S(U_n^{22}\cup U_n^{21})\cup T^{-1}(U_n^{11}\cup U_n^{12})\cup S(L_n^3)\\ U_{n+1}^\ell&=S(L_n^{22}\cup L_n^{21})\cup T(L_n^{11}\cup L_n^{12})\cup S(U_n^3)\,. \end{split} \] In order to show that the region $D^u_{n+1}$, is connected, we notice that the region $T^{-1}(U_n^{11}\cup U_n^{12})$ is inside the ``quadrant" $[-\infty,0]\times[b-1,\infty]$ while $S(U_n^{22}\cup U_n^{21})$ is inside the strip $[0,1]\times[ST^{-1}b,\infty]$. Therefore, they either intersect by a ray of the $y$-axis, or are disjoint. In the first case, either $T^{-1}ST^{-1}b<Sa$, which implies that $S(L_n^3)$ is inside the connected region $S(U_n^{22}\cup U_n^{21})\cup T^{-1}(U_n^{11}\cup U_n^{12})$, or $Sa\leq T^{-1}ST^{-1}b$ which implies that the level $Sa$ belongs to the boundary of the trapping region, and again $S(L_n^3)$ is inside the connected region $S(U_n^{22}\cup U_n^{21})\cup T^{-1}(U_n^{11}\cup U_n^{12})$. Now suppose that the regions $T^{-1}(U_n^{11}\cup U_n^{12})$ and $S(U_n^{22}\cup U_n^{21})$ are disconnected. Notice that the right vertical boundary of the region $S(L_n^3)$ is a ray of the $y$-axis, thus $S(L_n^3)\cup S(U_n^{22}\cup U_n^{21})$ is a connected region bounded by a non-decreasing step-function. Since $T^{-1}(U_n^{12})\cap S(L_n^3)=\emptyset$, the non-connectedness situation may only appear from the intersection of $T^{-1}(U_n^{11})$ and $S(L_n^3)$, i.e. inside the strip $[-1,0]\times[-1/a,\infty]$. Since $f$ satisfies the finiteness condition, Theorem \ref{thm:recstructure} is applicable, and the set $A_{a,b}$ constructed there belongs to each $D_n$. This is because $A_{a,b}\subset \Theta_{a,b}$, and if $A_{a,b}\subset D_n$, we have $A_{a,b}=F(A_{a,b})\subset F(D_n)=D_{n+1}$. The set $A_{a,b}$ has finite rectangular structure and contains the strip $[-1,0]\times[-1/a,\infty]$. Thus the connectedness of the region $D^u_{n+1}$ is proved. Moreover, this argument shows that $\partial T^{-1}(U_n^{11})$ is inside $D^u_{n+1}$ and therefore does not contribute to its boundary, and \[ \partial U_{n+1}^u=\partial (T^{-1}( U_n^{12}))\cup\partial (S(U_n^{22}\cup U_n^{21})\cup S(L_n^3)). \] Since $\partial (T^{-1}( U_n^{12})$ and $\partial (S(U_n^{22}\cup U_n^{21})\cup S(L_n^3))$ are given by non-decreasing step-functions, one $<Sa$, and the other $\ge Sa$, it follows that $\partial U_{n+1}^u$ is also given by a non-decreasing step-function. A similar argument proves that $D_{n+1}^\ell$ is connected and bounded by a non-decreasing step-function. \end{proof} \begin{lem}\label{l:all-levels} Suppose that, for each $n$, $D_n$ consists of two connected components as in Lemma \ref{Dn}. Then \begin{enumerate} \item all horizontal levels of the boundary of $D_n^u$ belong to $\mathcal{U}_{a,b}$ (resp., $D_n^\ell$ belong to $\mathcal{L}_{a,b}$) and remain as horizontal levels of $D_{n+1}^u$ (resp., $D_{n+1}^\ell$); \item all levels of $\mathcal{U}_{a,b}$ appear in the boundary of some $D_n^u$, and all levels of $\mathcal{L}_{a,b}$ appear in the boundary of some $D_n^\ell$; \item the attractor $D_{a,b}$ consists of two connected components bounded by non-decreasing step-functions; the upper boundary function takes all values from the set $\mathcal{U}_{a,b}$, and the lower boundary function takes all values from the set $\mathcal{L}_{a,b}$. \item The map $F: D_{a,b}\to D_{a,b}$ is surjective. \end{enumerate} \end{lem} \begin{proof} (1) We prove this by induction. For the base case, $D_0^u$ contains the horizontal levels $T^{-1}b$, $ST^{-1}b$ and $\min(T^{-1}ST^{-1}b,Sa)$. The levels $T^{-1}b$, $ST^{-1}b$ belong to the boundary of $D_1^u$. If $Sa<T^{-1}ST^{-1}b$, then $ST^{-1}b>TSa$ and therefore is the end of the cycle and does not belong to $\mathcal{U}_{a,b}$. If $Sa>T^{-1}ST^{-1}b$, then $T^{-1}ST^{-1}b$ appears as a boundary segment of $D_1^u$. A similar argument applies to $D_0^\ell$ that contains the horizontal levels $Ta$, $STa$, and either $TSTa$ or $Sb$. For the induction step we assume that (1) holds for $k=n-1$, and prove that it holds for $k=n$. Let $y\in\partial D_n$ be a horizontal segment of the boundary, $y\geq ST^{-1}b$, and $y\in \mathcal{U}_{a,b}$. Then $y=Sy'$, where $y'\in\partial D_{n-1},\,b-1\leq y'<0$. By inductive hypothesis, $y'\in\partial D_n$, hence $y=Sy'\in\partial D_{n+1}$. Now let $y\in\partial D_n$ be a horizontal segment of the boundary, $b-1\leq y<Sa$. Then $y=T^{-1}y'$, where $y'\in\partial D_{n-1},\,0< y'<TSa$. By inductive hypothesis, $y'\in\partial D_n$, hence $y=Sy'\in\partial D_{n+1}$. The level $y=Sa$ appears as a boundary segment of $D_n^u$ since $T^{-1}(\partial(U_{n-1}^{11})\cup \partial(U_{n-1}^{12}))$ and $S(\partial(L_{n-1}^3))$ do not overlap. Then $y=Sy'$, where $y'=a$ is the $y$-coordinate of the horizontal lower boundary of $L_{n-1}^3$. Since $L_{n}^3\subset L_{n-1}^3$ and $U_{n}^{11}\cup U_{n}^{12}\subset U_{n-1}^{11}\cup U_{n-1}^{12}$, we get that $T^{-1}(\partial(U_{n}^{11})\cup \partial(U_{n}^{12}))$ and $S(\partial(L_{n}^3))$ do not overlap, and $y=Sa$ will appear as a boundary segment of $D_{n+1}^u$. On the other hand, assume $y\in\partial D_{n+1}$ was not a horizontal level of $\partial D_n$. Then $y=Sy'$ for some $y'\in\partial (U_n^{22}\cup U_n^{21})$, $y=T^{-1}y'$ for some $y'\in\partial (U_n^{12})$, or $y=Sa$. In all cases $y\in \mathcal{U}_{a,b}$ by the structure of the sets $\mathcal{U}_{a}$ and $\mathcal{U}_b$ established in Theorems \ref{a-cycle} and \ref{b-cycle}. (2) We start with level $-\frac1{b-1}$ which belongs to the boundary of the trapping region $\Theta_{a,b}$ by definition. We have seen that if $T^{-1}ST^{-1}b\in \mathcal{U}_b$, then the level appears in the boundary of $D_1^u$. Now, if $b-1<T^{-k}ST^{-1}b<\frac{a}{1-a}$ (for the smallest $k=2$ or $3$), then the expansion continues, each $T^{-i}ST^{-1}b,\,i\leq k$ appears for the first time in the boundary of $D_i^u$ for $i\leq k$, and the next element in the cycle, $ST^{-k}ST^{-1}b$, appears in the boundary of $D_{k+1}^u$. Using the structure of the set $\mathcal{U}_b$ established in Theorem \ref{b-cycle} we see that all levels of the set $\mathcal{U}_b$ appear as boundary levels of some $D_n^u$. We use the same argument for level $-\frac1{a}$ which appears for the first time in the boundary of some $D_{n_0}^u$, to see that all elements of the set $\mathcal{U}_a$ appear as boundary levels of all successive sets $D_n^u$. The same argument works for the lower boundary. (3) Thus starting with some $n$, all sets $D_n$ have two connected components bounded by non-decreasing step-functions whose $y$ levels coincide with the sets $\mathcal{U}_{a,b}$ and $\mathcal{L}_{a,b}$. Therefore, the attractor $D_{a,b}=\cap_{n=0}^\infty D_n$ has the same property. (4) The surjectivity of the map $F$ on $D_{a,b}$ follows from the nesting property of the sets $D_n$. \end{proof} A priori the map $F$ on $D_{a,b}$ does not have to be injective, but in our case it will be since we will identify $D_{a,b}$ with an earlier constructed set $A_{a,b}$. \begin{cor} \label{FRS}If the map $f$ satisfies the finiteness condition, then the attractor $D_{a,b}$ has finite rectangular structure, i.e. bounded by non-decreasing step-functions with a finite number of steps. \end{cor} \begin{thm} \label{attractor} If the map $f$ satisfies the finiteness condition, then the set $A_{a,b}$ constructed in Theorem \ref{thm:recstructure} is the attractor for the map $F$. \end{thm} \begin{proof} We proved in Theorem \ref{thm:recstructure} that the set $A_{a,b}$ constructed there is uniquely determined by the prescribed set of $y$-levels $\mathcal{U}_{a,b}\cup\mathcal{L}_{a,b}$. By Corollary \ref{FRS}, the set $D_{a,b}$ has finite rectangular structure with the same set of $y$-levels. Now we look at the $x$-levels of the jumps of its boundary step-functions. Take the vertex $(x, b-1)$ of $D_{a,b}$. From the surjectivity of $F$ on $D_{a,b}$, there is a point $z\in D_{a,b}$

References were sent, deposits were paid, contracts were signed and two weeks later a removal van was parked outside number twenty-two. Mr Fox and Mr Bellamy directed two men in dusty overalls to carry their things up to the top floor flat. By their furniture, it was clear they had fine taste, although the van was stuffed full to the brink of collapse. There were bookshelves and boxes of books to fill them. There were two large desks, one antique mahogany, the other leather-topped with several drawers. There was a large double bed and a plain-looking single. And paintings, more than could conceivably fit on the walls. At one point, the movers almost dropped a large, grandfather clock. Theodore rushed over to help them and ended up carrying it to the flat himself. Mrs Beck came out to greet her new tenants—and to warn the movers not to scuff the walls with the furniture. At the sight of her, Mr Bellamy outstretched his arms and declared her name, as though she were an old friend he'd not seen in years. Mr Fox just gave a polite nod. Mrs Beck didn't entertain any small talk. Once she'd made her 'hello's and 'welcome's, she went back inside. It was inappropriate, she felt, for a landlady to be overly familiar with her tenants. Her relationship with the gentlemen was to remain strictly professional. Once indoors, she found Kitty Hinshaw, peeking out the door of flat #1. Kitty was a rising star in the theatre, who'd moved to Queen Street after being suddenly cast in a big West End play. Not that Mrs Beck thought of her tenants as accessories to the house, but a celebrity like Kitty was quite the feather in her cap. 'Good morning, Miss Hinshaw. Yes, that's right.' Mrs Beck stepped aside as the movers brought through a red leather chesterfield. Kitty quickly excused herself. Mrs Beck thought no more about it. In the week that followed, the gentlemen redecorated flat #4. Mrs Beck was a little disgruntled, since she'd only just had the place painted as part of the renovation. But the gentlemen were well-mannered enough to ask permission for every alteration they made and Mrs Beck had no reason to deny them. She hesitated, however, when they asked to have a sign-writer paint the name of their business on their door. This detective agency did not sit right with her. It was not the sort of profession a gentleman was supposed to have. And if he did, she was certain he wouldn't run it out of his sitting room. But the way they talked about it made it sound more like a hobby, an academic interest. They had other professions after all. Despite her reluctance, Mrs Beck permitted the sign-writer. Other than that, Mr Fox and Mr Bellamy were model tenants. Not only were they always prompt on their rent, they also delivered it in person. Her other tenants either relied on bank transfers or put a cheque in her letterbox, yet every Sunday at 8:00am sharp, one of them would knock on her door. If it was Mr Bellamy, she would hear him coming. He was easily distinguished by his bass, booming voice singing arias as his heavy feet clumped down the stairs. He would greet her with the same enthusiasm as the day he'd moved in. Sometimes he brought meringues or truffles to share with her. She always declined, to keep things professional, but she admired his manners. Mr Fox was a quieter affair. Like Mrs Beck, he didn't do smalltalk, which she appreciated. What's more, his character reference had been written by one Sergeant Major Whitaker and detailed Mr Fox's time as an officer during the war. Mrs Beck's husband had died in the war. She couldn't help but hold a begrudging respect for him. All that being said, she couldn't ignore that they were a little unusual. It seemed some of her other tenants had noticed too. One evening, Mrs Beck was dropping a typed bulletin into each of the tenant's pigeon-holes, letting them know about neighbouring construction work and other trivial matters. As she was doing this, Mr Glossop came downstairs, on his way out. He was the wealthy, young bachelor who lived in flat #3, one of many such bachelors Mrs Beck had rented to over the years. Compared to her newest tenants, Mr Glossop was more her idea of what a young gentleman ought to be like. He gave her a polite nod as he passed, which Mrs Beck returned. Their interactions rarely amounted to more than that, which was as Mrs Beck preferred it. She tried to keep out of her tenant's way if she could. However, just as Mr Glossop was reaching for the handle, the front door opened inward and nearly bowled him over. Before Mr Glossop could react react, Mr Bellamy shook him vigorously by the hand before he and Mr Fox—who had slipped past almost unnoticed—went upstairs. Mr Glossop was left by the half open door, stunned by the encounter. A moment passed. Mr Glossop noticed Mrs Beck watching him. 'The new neighbours?' he asked. 'Sorry, "urning"?' said Mrs Beck. 'Yes, they are a little peculiar. But they are gentlemen.' Mrs Beck felt the need to press that point, for some reason. Mr Glossop gave Mrs Beck an odd look, almost like pity. But excused himself without saying any more on the topic. A month passed. Mr Fox and Mr Bellamy paid rent on time and kept to themselves, which was as it should be. Mrs Beck very almost forgot her concerns. Until she received a complaint. Of all her tenants, Mrs Beck was most proud of the Rookwoods. The Rookwoods were an old, well-established family in Buckinghamshire. William Rookwood was the newly married heir to the estate and he and his wife had moved into flat #2 about a year ago. They added a little prestige to the place, so Mrs Beck was keen to keep them satisfied with their accommodation. As such, when Mrs Rookwood knocked on her door to complain about a broken light fixture, Mrs Beck was quick to assure her it would be fixed as quickly as possible. 'That's fine,' said Mrs Rookwood with indifference. 'Yes, it's, ah, a detective agency,' said Mrs Beck, cringing inwardly at the words. Mrs Beck asked what she meant, but Mrs Rookwood couldn't find the words to elaborate. Mrs Beck lived in the basement flat, right beneath the front door. No matter which room she was in, she always heard when somebody used the front door. And the window above the kitchen sink looked out onto the basement patio. If she craned her neck, she could look up and discretely spy on whomever was at the door. After her conversation with Mrs Rookwood, she found herself rushing to the window whenever she heard the doorbell, to take a look at exactly who the gentlemen were entertaining. A young man wearing a massive fur coat. A young woman in plus fours and braces. An overweight man in a toupee who insisted on taking his poodle upstairs with him. A working class boor whose bare arms were plastered in tattoos. A dark-skinned woman with feathers in her hair. A man whose cheeks were so red one would think he was wearing rouge. The thought of having these strangers in her home didn't sit right with Mrs Beck, but, like Mrs Rookwood, she was hard pressed to say why. She didn't much fancy knocking on Mr Fox's and Mr Bellamy's door to complain. What would she say, that their clientele were 'eccentric'? So long as these people weren't making noise or trashing the house, it was none of her business. Another month passed. Mrs Rookwood didn't complain again. Kitty Hinshaw and Mr Glossop didn't mention them.

KJ21 By faith Enoch was translated, that he should not see death, "and was not found because God had translated him." For before his translation he had this testimony: that he pleased God. By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and he was not found, because God translated him: for he hath had witness borne to him that before his translation he had been well-pleasing unto God: By faith [that pleased God] Enoch was caught up and taken to heaven so that he would not have a glimpse of death; and he was not found because God had taken him; for even before he was taken [to heaven], he received the testimony [still on record] that he had walked with God and pleased Him. AMPC Because of faith Enoch was caught up and transferred to heaven, so that he did not have a glimpse of death; and he was not found, because God had translated him. For even before he was taken to heaven, he received testimony [still on record] that he had pleased and been satisfactory to God. By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translated him: for before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God. By faith Enoch was taken away, and so he did not experience death. He was not to be found because God took him away. For before he was taken away, he was approved as one who pleased God. By faith Enoch was taken up so that he didn't see death, and he wasn't found because God took him up. He was given approval for having pleased God before he was taken up. CJB By trusting, Hanokh was taken away from this life without seeing death — "He was not to be found, because God took him away" — for he has been attested as having been, prior to being taken away, well pleasing to God. Enoch had faith and did not die. He pleased God, and God took him up to heaven. This is why his body was never found. By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translated him; for before [his] translation he has the testimony that he had pleased God. DLNT By faith Enoch was removed, so as not to see death: "And he was not found because God removed him" [Gen 5:24]. For before the removal, he has been attested to have pleased God. DRA By faith Henoch was translated, that he should not see death; and he was not found, because God had translated him: for before his translation he had testimony that he pleased God. Enoch was carried away from this earth, so he never died. The Scriptures tell us that before he was carried off, he was a man who pleased God. Later, no one knew where he was, because God had taken Enoch to be with him. This all happened because he had faith. By faith Enoch was taken up, so that he would not experience death, and he was not found because God took him away. In fact, before he was taken away, he was commended in Scripture as one who "pleased God." By faith Enoch was taken up so that he should not see death, and he was not found, because God had taken him. Now before he was taken he was commended as having pleased God. ESVUK EXB It was by faith that Enoch was taken to heaven so he would not ·die [experience/L see death]. He could not be found, because God had taken him away [Gen. 5:22–24]. Before he was taken, ·the Scripture says that he was [L he was commended as] a man who truly pleased God. By faith was Enoch translated, that he should not see death: neither was he found: for God had translated him: for before he was translated, he was reported of, that he had pleased God. Faith enabled Enoch to be taken instead of dying. No one could find him, because God had taken him. Scripture states that before Enoch was taken, God was pleased with him. It was faith that kept Enoch from dying. Instead, he was taken up to God, and nobody could find him, because God had taken him up. The scripture says that before Enoch was taken up, he had pleased God. HCSB By faith Enoch was taken away so he did not experience death, and he was not to be found because God took him away. For prior to his removal he was approved, since he had pleased God. It was by faith that Enoch was taken to heaven. He never died. He could not be found, because God had taken him away. Before he was taken, the Scripture says that he was a man who truly pleased God. By faith Enoch was taken away without experiencing death. He could not be found, because God had taken him away. For before he was taken, he won approval as one who pleased God. It was because of his faith that Enoch was promoted to the eternal world without experiencing death. He disappeared from this world because God promoted him, and before that happened his reputation was that "he pleased God". And without faith it is impossible to please him. The man who approaches God must have faith in two things, first that God exists and secondly that it is worth a man's while to try to find God. JUB By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death, and was not found because God had translated him, for before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God. AKJV By faith Enoch was taken up so that he would not see death; and he was not found because God took him up; for prior to being taken up, he was approved as being pleasing to God. By faith Enoch was taken up, so that he did not experience death, and he was not found, because God took him up. For before his removal, he had been approved as having been pleasing to God. Enoch trusted God too, and that is why God took him away to heaven without dying; suddenly he was gone because God took him. Before this happened God had said how pleased he was with Enoch. By an act of faith, Enoch skipped death completely. "They looked all over and couldn't find him because God had taken him." We know on the basis of reliable testimony that before he was taken "he pleased God." It's impossible to please God apart from faith. And why? Because anyone who wants to approach God must believe both that he exists and that he cares enough to respond to those who seek him. By faith Enoch was taken to heaven so that he would not see death. He was not found, because God took him away. For before he was taken, he had this commendation, that he pleased God. By faith Enoch was taken up so that he did not see death, and he could not be found, because God had taken him. · For before he was taken he had been approved as one who had been pleasing to God, NOG By faith Enoch was taken up so that he should not see death, and "he was found no more because God had taken him." Before he was taken up, he was attested to have pleased God. By faith Enoch was taken up so that he would not see death; and he was not found because God took him up; for before he was taken up, he was attested to have been pleasing to God. NASB1995 By faith Enoch was taken up so that he would not see death; and he was not found because God took him up; for he obtained the witness that

statistics of, 399-417. New Orleans. As port, 22, 233; population and trade, 28; foreign population, 51; <DW64> population, 107; <DW64> morality, 108; rivalry with Galveston, 228; belt line, 228; progress, 242; McDonogh bequest, 289; discontinuance of <DW64> high school, 315. New York City, murders in, 184. Newport News as port, 229, 233. Newspapers. _See_ Press. Niagara Movement, 389. Nixburg, Ala., <DW64> community near, 141. No 'Count, name for Poor Whites, 38. Norfolk, Va. As port, 22, 229, 233; Mrs. Douglass' <DW64> school, 309. Normal schools in South. Development, 292; comparative statistics, 296, 416-417. _See also_ Teachers. North. Extent, 1; Northerners in South, 48-50; position of Southerners in, 49; Southern suspicion, 71, 73, 89; Southern belief in hostility, 74; present attitude on race problem, 75; responsibility and interest in problem, 75-79; condition of <DW64>s in, 99-101; <DW64> drift, 112, 354; crime, 183; idea of crime in South, 184; criminal spirit in, and in South, 197-199; lynching in, 209, 210; comparative wealth (_see_ Wealth); aid for Southern white education, 306; for <DW64> education, 315-317, 322; and solution of Southern race problem, 345, 347-349, 391; comparative statistics, 397-417. North Carolina. And immigration, 52; and Mecklenburg Declaration, 81; early <DW64> suffrage, 175; comparative statistics, 397-117. North Carolina, University of. Founding, 290; standing, 302. North Dakota. School statistics, 295; comparative statistics, 397-417. Norwood, T. M., generalization by, on <DW64>s, 93. O Oak Grove, Ala., <DW64> school at, 312. Oats, comparative value of crops of, 241. Odum, H. W., <DW64> researches by, 114. Ogden, R. C., and Southern Education Board, 306, 390. Oklahoma. And South, 20; comparative statistics of, 397-417. Onancock, Va., banishment of <DW64>s from, 206. Opelika, Ala., public buildings in, 27. Open-air life in South, 23, 25. Oregon, comparative statistics of, 397-417. _Outlook_, articles in, on Southern question, 18. P Pace, J. W., peonage case, 282. Page, T. N. "<DW64>," 12; on educational value of slavery, 83; on failure of <DW64>, 101; on <DW64> immorality, 134; on race antagonism, 150; on <DW64> capability, 326, 368; on evils of <DW64> education, 327; on white dominance, 343; on <DW64> court, 383; on mutual discussion of race problem, 391; on need of <DW64> uplift, 392. Panama Canal and Southern commerce, 22. Pardon of criminals in South, 203. Paupers, comparative statistics of, North and South, 406-107. Peabody fund, 322. Peasant class, <DW64>s as, 374-376. Penn School in Sea Islands, 316. Pensacola as port, 22, 229. Pensions, Southern income, 234. Peonage. And immigration, 56, 353; in South, 278-287; rise, 278; federal law against, 278; principle, 279; development in cotton culture, 279; of Whites, 280-281; restraint of movements of <DW64>s, 281-282; of <DW64>s under cover of laws, 282-283, 365; illustrations, 283-285; federal prosecutions, 285; Southern approval, 286; federal investigation, 286; and leasing of convicts, 286; and <DW64> shiftlessness, 287. Percy, Leroy. On remedy of race problem, 343, 345; on <DW64> education, 387. Pests, Southern, 25. Petroleum in South, 225. Philadelphia, <DW64> mortality in, 107. Phosphates in South, 225. Physical conditions of South, 20-29; swamps, 221. Physicians, <DW64>, 129, 335. Physique, <DW64>, and inferiority, 132-134. Plantation. Application of term, 253-255; present types, 255-256. _See also_ Agriculture, Cotton. "Plow" division of farms, 264. Poe, E. A., as Southern writer, 305. Police. Treatment of <DW64>s, 196; need of rural, 211, 382, 384. Politics. Southern leadership, 63; cause and effect of Solid South, 72, 173, 174; colonization of <DW64>s in Indiana, 112; <DW64>s and public positions, 171-174, 377; <DW64>s and Republican party in South, 173; <DW64> suffrage, 174-178, 347-348, 376-377. Poor Whites. Traditional home, 21; conditions, 38-47; names for, 38; diffusion, 38; antebellum isolation, 38-41; and Civil War, 40; as farmers, 41, 45, 46; advancement, 41-47; morals, 43; education, 44, 293; as wage earners, 44-45; in cotton mills, 45, 275; northward and westward drift, 46; term a misnomer, 47; turbulence, 64; and Southern problem, 344; need of uplift, 375. Population. Southern urban, 28; of South, 30; Southern, of Northern birth, 48; foreign, in South, 50; <DW64>, 91, 106; <DW64> death-rate, 107-110; Southern agricultural, 221; comparative statistics, North and South, 397-399. Ports of the South, 22, 28, 228-229, 233. Portsmouth, Va., as port, 229, 233. Post-office. <DW64> employees, 171, 172; need of Postal Savings Banks in South, 376. Potatoes, comparative value of crop of, 241. Press, Southern. Character, 70; <DW64> journalists, 130, 324; <DW64>s and newspapers, 324. Price. Of farm lands, 220; of cotton, 252. Prisons in South, 201; reform, 202; comparative statistics of prisoners, 406-407. Professions. <DW64>s in, 129, 335; schools in South, 292, 303. Prohibition as remedy of race problem, 384. Property. _See_ Land, Taxation, Wealth. Protestant Episcopal Church and race separation, 167. Pulaski Co., Ga., increasing <DW64> population of, 167. Pullman Car Co. and Jim Crow cars, 169. R Race. _See_ <DW64>s, Remedies, Whites. Railroads of South. Race separation, 168-171; development, 226-227; New Orleans belt road, 228; control, 229; comparative mileage of seceding states, 237; of whole South, 248. Rape, <DW64>, of white women, 191-193; early examples, 208; lynching not confined to, 209, 362; not on increase, 209; and justification of lynching, 213, 214. Real estate, <DW64>, 144-145. Reclamation of Southern swamps, 221. Reconstruction. Present Southern attitude, 85-88; Ku-Klux, 87; and race antagonism, 159; <DW64> suffrage, 175, 376; educational measures, 292, 310. Red Necks, name for Poor Whites, 38. Reed, J. C. On Dixon, 9; on <DW64>s under slavery, 83; on Ku-Klux, 87; on <DW64> segregation, 355. Religion. Of Mountaineers, 35; of <DW64>s in Africa, 94; <DW64>, in South, 117, 129; question of <DW64> paganism, 137; race separation, 167; training of Southern ministers, 303; Church and race problem, 380. Remedies of race problem. Summary of problem, 338-340; essential conditions, 340; types of altitude of Southern Whites, 340-343; postulates, 343-345; division of Whites, 345-346, 391; wrong, 347-366; no Congressional interference, 347-348; no Northern private propaganda, 348; no amalgamation, 349; no colonization, 350-352; no substitutes for <DW64> laborers, 352-354; no segregation, 354-356; possibility of race separation, 356-358; terrorizing, 358-366; legalized terror, 364; material, 367-376; possibility and permission of general <DW64> uplift, 367-372; land-buying by <DW64>s, 372-374; <DW64>s as peasants, 374-376; aids for thrift, 376; political, 376-377; moral, 378-394; influence of race separation, 378-381; character of <DW64> leaders, 379; benevolent state socialism, 379; influence of Church, 380; legislative and judicial, 381-385; <DW64> education, 385-388; need of race cooperation and discussion, 388-391; last analysis of problem, 392-394; white duties, 392; patience, 392-394. Renters on cotton plantations, 256, 266. Restaurants, race separation in, in South, 170. Rhett, Barnwell, Northern education of, 290. Rice as Southern crop, 251. Richmond. Race separation, 167; tobacco manufacture, 225; progress, 242. _Richmond Times Despatch_ on immigration, 54. "Riders" on cotton plantations, 258, 263. Riots, race, 205-208, 390. Roads, Southern, 227. Roosevelt, Theodore. Booker Washington incident, 162; and appointment of <DW64>s, 171, 174; rewards faithful state official, 211; on lynchings, 363. Rural life. Open-air life, 23, 25; preponderance in South, 27-29; <DW64> propensity, 107; police, 221, 382, 384; schools, 296-299, 311-313; relative lack of progress, 242. _See also_ Agriculture. Russell, C. W., on peonage, 286. S St. Louis, schools in, 296. Salisbury, N. C., lynching in, 210. Sand Hillers, name for Poor Whites, 38. Santo Domingo, <DW64>s in, 99. Savannah as port, 22, 28, 229. Savings banks, need of, in South, 376. Saxons, Taine on, 102. Sea Islands, 22; <DW64>s of, 107, 110, 137, 142; trucking, 220; cotton, seed trust, 252; ginning and bagging of cotton, 259; war-time <DW64> schools, 309; present education, 316. Secession, present Southern attitude toward, 84. Secondary education. Development of Southern, 292, 299; comparative statistics, North and South, 296, 412-413; <DW64>, 314; hostility to <DW64>, 319, 335. Secret societies, <DW64>, 118. Shannon, A. H. "Racial Integrity," 12; on mulattoes, 111. Shipp, J. F., and lynching, 212. Shreveport. Public buildings, 27; Italians at, 57. Shufeldt, R. W., "<DW64> a Menace,"

U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command for the Global Fleet Station (GFS) pilot deployment to the Caribbean Basin and Central America. The GFS mission is to conduct a broad range of theater security cooperation activities with regional maritime services. Task Group 40.9 is embarked aboard High Speed Vessel (HSV) 150805-N-XQ474-282 ROSEAU, Dominica (Aug. 5, 2015) The Military Sealift Command hospital ship USNS Comfort (T-AH 20) is moored pierside during Continuing Promise 2015. Continuing Promise is a U.S. Southern Command-sponsored and U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command/U.S. 4th Fleet-conducted deployment to conduct civil-military operations including humanitarian-civil assistance, subject matter expert exchanges, medical, dental, veterinary and engineering support and disaster response to partner nations and to show U.S. support and commitment to Central and South America and the Caribbean. (U.S. Na 031014-N-2779T-004 Bahia Blanca, Argentina (Oct. 14, 2003) -- Sailors from South America and Spain get together to practice police apprehension techniques during a Maritime Interdiction Operations (MIO) training seminar conducted by members of the U.S. Coast Guard International Training Division. Sailors from six nations participated in this training evolution scheduled as part of UNITAS, hosted by Argentina. Sponsored by U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command, UNITAS is the largest multi-national maritime exercise in the western hemisphere. During UNITAS Atlantic phase, naval forces from Argen Helicopter deck landing qualifications. CARIBBEAN SEA (July 26, 2017) Personnel assigned to expeditionary fast transport USNS Spearhead (T-EPF-1) conduct helicopter deck landing qualifications during Southern Partnership Station-Expeditionary Fast Transport 2017. SPS-EPF 17 is a U.S. Navy deployment executed by U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command/U.S. 4th Fleet, focused on subject matter expert exchanges with partner nation militaries and security forces in Central and South America. (U.S. Navy Combat Came 150912-N-KG407-178 PORT AU PRINCE, Haiti (Sept. 12, 2015) Musician 1st Class David Gonzalez, a native of Killeen, Texas, assigned to the Fleet Forces Band 'Uncharted Waters' Norfolk, Va., interacts with children during a concert in support of Continuing Promise 2015. Continuing Promise is a U.S. Southern Command-sponsored and U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command/U.S. 4th Fleet-conducted deployment to conduct civil-military operations including humanitarian-civil assistance, subject matter expert exchanges, medical, dental, veterinary and engineering support and disaster response to partner nati 080227-N-5677B-054 MAYPORT, Fla. (Feb. 27, 2008) A young boy in the Voluntary Pre-Kindergarten classes 2 and 3 at the Naval Station Child Development Center, inspects the diving helmet used in previous years by Navy divers. Chief Warrant Officer Lester Burke, on staff at U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command, spoke to the 4 and 5-year- olds in honor of Black History Month. U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Holly Boynton (Released) Adopt a Highway Project 98274 Petty Officer 2nd Class Rodney Cook tracks surface radar contacts in the Combat Information Center of the USS Thomas S. Gates (CG 51) while underway in the Pacific Ocean on July 15, 2005. The guided missile cruiser, along with naval and coast guard units from Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru and Panama, are participating in UNITAS 46-05. U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command sponsors the exercise with the objective of increasing interoperability and to foster cooperation among naval forces in the region. During the two-week exercise, participating forces will have the opportunity to practice and 150822-A-ZA034-034 SANTO DOMINGO, Dominican Republic (Aug. 22, 2015) Hospital Corpsman 1st Class Damien Richardson, a native of Landover, Md., assigned to Branch Health Clinic Norfolk, Va., examines a patient at a medical site established at Parque del Este in support of Continuing Promise 2015. Continuing Promise is a U.S. Southern Command-sponsored and U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command/U.S. 4th Fleet-conducted deployment to conduct civil-military operations including humanitarian-civil assistance, subject matter expert exchanges, medical, dental, veterinary and engineering support and disas 071106-N-2821G-012 MAYPORT, Fla. (Nov. 6, 2007) - Rear Adm. Edlander Santos, BrazilÕs Deputy Chief of Operations with Naval Operations Command Staff, and Capt. Steven Blaisdell, U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command (NAVSO) Director of Exercises and Theater Security Cooperation (TSC), review and sign a memorandum of understanding. The document discusses plans for U.S. and Brazilian Navy interactions for 2008. The plans were discussed during the U.S. Navy and Marinha do Brazil (Brazilian Navy) Operational Naval Committee conference. U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Alan Grag Gulf of Panama (Aug. 10, 2004) Р The Colombian ship ARC Almirante Padilla (FM 51) patrols the northern approach of the Panama Canal in search of a 'suspect' vessel as part of PANAMAX 2004 scenario. Naval forces from eight countries are participating in PANAMAX 2004, a naval exercise designed to build up a coalition response to security threats against the Panama Canal. PANAMAX is conducted under the direction of Commander Naval Forces Southern Command and involves the identification, monitoring and interdiction of vessels posing a simulated terrorist threat to the Canal. The multinational forc 150815-A-ZA034-205 SANTO DOMINGO, Dominican Republic (Aug. 15, 2015) Sailors, assigned to Military Sealift Command hospital ship USNS Comfort (T-AH 20), participate in a soccer game with Dominican Republic service members during a community relations event established at Parque del Este in support of Continuing Promise 2015. Continuing Promise is a U.S. Southern Command-sponsored and U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command/U.S. 4th Fleet-conducted deployment to conduct civil-military operations including humanitarian-civil assistance, subject matter expert exchanges, medical, dental, veterinary and 070809-N-0989H-016 PUERTO BARRIOS, Guatemala (Aug. 9, 2007) - Commander Task Group (TG) 40.9, Capt. Douglas Wied speaks to Guatemalan media about the medical supplies that were donated by Project Handclasp for area hospitals. Task Group 40.9 is embarked aboard the High Speed Vessel (HSV) 2 Swift under the operational control of U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command (NAVSO) for the Global Fleet Station (GFS) pilot deployment to the Caribbean Basin and Central America. This deployment is designed to validate the GFS concept for the Navy and support U.S. Southern Command objectives for its area of r MAYPORT, Fla. (Feb 142013) Rear Admiral Harris, Commander U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command/U.S. Fourth Fleet is given a tour of USNS Spearhead Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV) 1 by Captain Douglas D. Casavant, Jr. United States Merchant Marine, Master USNS Spearhead at Naval Station Mayport Feb. 14. JHSV 1 is a versatile, non-combatant, transport ship that will be used for fast intra-theater transportation of troops, military vehicles and equipment. Naval Station Mayport was just the second port visited by the ship. U.S. Navy 150620-N-YM856-187 ACAJUTLA, El Salvador (June 20, 2015) Army Capt. Emily Corbin, a native of Boulder Junction, Wis., and veterinarian assigned to Public Health Command District, Fort Meade, Md., examines a goat at a local farm during a veterinary subject matter expert exchange in support of Continuing Promise 2015. Continuing Promise is a U.S. Southern Command-sponsored and U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command/U.S. 4th Fleet-conducted deployment to conduct civil-military operations including humanitarian-civil assistance, subject matter expert exchanges, medical, dental, veterinary and engineer 0627-N-3642E-488 PUERTO BARRIOS, Guatemala (June 27, 2007) - Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) The Honorable Dr. Donald C. Winter discusses issues of concern with members of Project Hope and Sailors from Military Sealift Command hospital ship USNS Comfort (T-AH 20). Comfort is anchored of the coast of Guatemala and is on a four-month humanitarian deployment to Latin America and the Caribbean to provide medical treatment to approximately 85,000 patients in a dozen countries. While deployed, Comfort is under operational control of U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command and tactical control of Destroye 150624-N-NK134-044 EL SAUCE, El Salvador (June 24, 2015) - Army Sgt. Janina Alaniz, a native of North Bergen, N.J., and a veterinary technician assigned to Public Health Command District Fort Hood, Texas, works with a Salvadoran farmer to administer medication to a horse during a veterinary subject matter expert exchange in support of Continuing Promise 2015. Continuing Promise is a U.S. Southern Command-sponsored and U.S. Naval Forces Southern Command/U.S. 4th Fleet-conducted deployment to conduct civil-military operations including humanitarian-civil assistance, subject matter expert

park open and too many people were 'hanging around'. Let's see, there was very little time in Disneyland (from the Castle through Toon Town and out to the backlot), the race started at 5:00 a.m., and the park needed to open for early entry at 8:00 a.m. I'm thinking there should have been no issue getting everyone out of Disneyland in three hours time. And if there was, why do an early open on a race morning? According to a cast member who was kind enough to contact me, there are actually two answers behind the decision to pull characters and it all goes back to surveys: RunDisney's survey results from the last couple of races had Entertainment ranked lower on the list. Other small complaints like the choice of race day or start time (as in 5:00 a.m. or 5:30 a.m.) and even weather took precedence, so RunDisney decided to severely cut the entertainment budget. RunDisney gambled with thinking they were just selling a race, and not the Disney Entertainment Experience RunDisney found a buzzword in "Perceived Value" and thought that Tink flying in her fireworks rig was enough for the 5K entertainment. They thought if people wanted to see her fly, as well as meet characters they'd have to do both the 5K and 10K. Needless to say, this was a major miscalculation on the part of runDisney. While those who were new to the 5K may not have noticed the difference, for those who knew better the reaction to the lack of characters was swift, loud, and brutal. Social media lit up with complaints and promises to never return to a runDisney race. For the $80 price tag, we do expect more than just a fun run. And like many who drank the runDisney Kool-Aid years ago and feel the need to bring others along for what to this point has been such a wonderful ride, well, I felt horrible that I had encouraged two friends to sign up for the 5K with stories about the characters they would see—and now, nothing. As MousePlanet Reader windypines46 wrote, "The fun of a Disney race is getting to run through the parks and there was some of that so it wasn't terrible. But I wouldn't do this particular race again." To make matters worse, rumor had it that the 10K would be more of the same. The Tinker Bell 10K – the new 'golden child' Overall, of the three weekend race events, the Tinker Bell 10K held on Saturday came out relatively unscathed. The revised course was flat and fun, and was overwhelmingly well-received for offering lots of park time. runDisney listened to and took very seriously the firestorm following the lack of characters in Friday's Never Land 5K and made a last-minute decision to return characters such as Pixies Rosetta, Iridessa, and Silvermist, Pirate Chip n Dale and the Lost Boys back out on the course for pictures. Even Mickey Mouse, in pirate garb, made an appearance at the finish line. Photo stops were busy and business at the character selfie stations (especially with Wendy and Peter Pan by the train station) was brisk. Needless to say, had runDisney held to its original decision to pull characters from the 10K course, the firestorm over that decision would have been swift and even more vocal than from the previous day's 5K. Rae Mills finishes the 2017 Tinker Bell 10K in style. Photo by runDisney. The only major complaint from the race came from the choice of music, which consisted of "Following the Leader" from Peter Pan playing on a continual loop. For many race participants, the song has now joined "it's a small world" in the pantheon of most-hated Disney songs. The Tinker Bell Half Marathon – PR or not to PR From all indications, the Tinker Bell Half Marathon was generally well-received, but much of that was dependent on where you started. For those of us fortunate to be in the earlier corrals, we had clear sailing, and many hit personal records, as the course was fast and flat with perfect cool and crisp weather. MousePlanet reader Disneygirl14 commented that the course didn't feel overwhelming as it can when returning from Angel's Stadium as on the Disneyland Half Marathon route. Unfortunately, as more race participants hit the road, portions of the course became extremely congested, including, as noted by MousePlanet reader Jayhawk3831, a crush of runners trying to get through the castle and almost trampling a Disney PhotoPass photographer in the process. Disneyland has not yet implemented the mini-corral release system used in WDW, which to its credit seems to really help keep congestion to a minimum along most of the course route. Much of this congestion could also be from the speed in which corrals were released. Perhaps the corrals were pushed early due to the late start, but I was in corral B and was on the road just three minutes from race start; that's a very short amount of time for that many people to be on the roads at once. While characters were sprinkled throughout the parks for pictures, the lack of entertainment outside of the parks was deeply felt, especially by many Legacy and long-time race participants. Normally, there are several school bands, cheer squads, dancers, and the always-awesome Red Hat Ladies out along the city streets to provide much needed pick-me-ups. In 2017, two bands (mile 7 and mile 11) and a DJ around mile 7.5 were the only entertainment outside of the parks on the Tinker Bell Half course—sparse was an understatement. As MousePlanet reader cstephens noted, "I never thought I'd say this, but I missed the cheerleaders out there. I definitely missed the bands." While we understand that runDisney drastically cut the entertainment budget, the decision to cut the discounted/free park tickets previously provided to those willing to get up early, stand for hours and cheer themselves hoarse until the last walker goes by, has to be a major contributing factor to the long stretches of nothingness on the course. Thankfully, Team MousePlanet was still out offering pick-me-up "Candy from Strangers" as well as the opportunity to take "framed" Mother's Day pictures around mile 8. Cierra Junt and Stephanie Lawhead celebrate their first runDisney half marathon and Mother's Day at the MousePlanet "Candy from Strangers" stop. Photo by MousePlanet. If this was your first time running the Tinker Bell Half Marathon, you may not have noticed the lack of excitement; overall it's still a very nice half marathon course. It's just not the $185 (not including Active.com fees) runDisney course that we've come to expect. Given the premium charged for this race (for example over $100 more than Rock n' Roll Los Angeles), it was almost startling to see such a big drop in what we experienced. As MousePlanet reader Jenny commented, "I found it kind of a bummer. I'm really re-evaluating whether to bother with the half again next year. The 10K was at least all in the parks and though it was deserted, it was enough fun to run through the quiet parks. The half was a lot of money to spend mostly on the empty and not very scenic streets of Anaheim." The Treasure Lounge – A not-so-VIP experience Following the VIP Experience offered at Star Wars Light Side, runDisney decided to try again with another $199 offering: the Treasure Lounge: A VIP Experience. Those that purchased the experience could pick up their bibs and pre-purchased merchandise in a relaxed location, attend a Sephora Glamour Running Make-Up Clinic (where one could buy make-up), have a private meet-and-greet with a WonderGround Gallery artist (where one could buy art), gain early/priority access to the Official Race Merchandise Store (where one could buy runDisney-branded 'stuff') and perhaps best of

Retrospective Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lumbosacral Spine: Are We Overinvestigating? Suchit Khanduja, Vivek Loomba, Joseph Salama-Hannah, Aman Upadhyay, Neha Khanduja, Gaurav Chauhan Khanduja, Loomba, Salama-Hannah, Upadhyay, Khanduja, and Chauhan: Retrospective Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lumbosacral Spine: Are We Overinvestigating? Suchit Khanduja , Vivek Loomba, Joseph Salama-Hannah, Aman Upadhyay, Neha Khanduja, Gaurav Chauhan Department of Anesthesiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA Corresponding Author Suchit Khanduja Department of Anesthesiology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202, USA Tel: +1-248-525-0801 Fax: +1-313-916-2600 E-mail: drsuchit@gmail.com Received April 17, 2018 Revised July 2, 2018 Accepted August 30, 2018 Lower back pain (LBP) is a worldwide health problem, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a common modality used to aid in its diagnosis. Although specific guidelines for assessing the necessity of MRI usage exist, the use of MRI as the initial imaging method for LBP seems to be more common than necessary in general practice. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 313 patients who had undergone MRI of the lumbosacral spine during 2014–2015. We recorded and compared various factors, including age, sex, body mass index, current smoking status, race, symptoms, MRI findings, and progression to surgery within the next year. All rates were compared according to whether the MRI results showed radiographically significant findings (MRI-positive) or not (MRI-negative) using the chi-square or Fisher exact tests (if the expected cell count was <5). All analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4. There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of each symptom between the MRI-positive and MRI-negative groups, which accounted for 58.5% (183 of 313) and 41.5% (130 of 313) of the MRIs, respectively. The difference in the rate of surgery in the next year (18% among MRI-positive patients and 8.5% among MRI-negative patients) was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Based on our findings, 41.5% of patients underwent lumbar MRI unnecessarily and 81% of patients with positive MRIs did not have surgery within the next year. Further physician training is needed to avoid unnecessary investigations and expenditures. Keywords: Lower back pain, Spinal surgery, Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging Lower back pain (LBP) is a worldwide health problem in adults [1]. This is the fifth most common reason for all doctor visits in the United States [2]. Despite technical progress in imaging, the precise cause of the pain can only be determined in less than 50% of cases [3]. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a common imaging technique used to aid in the diagnosis of LBP. There are specific guidelines, such as failure of conservative treatment for 6 weeks and worsening of condition thereafter, abnormal electromyography or nerve conduction study etc. [4], to assess the necessity for MRI usage. Further, the guidelines recommend the clinician not to routinely obtain imaging in patients with nonspecific LBP [5] since this costly diagnostic modality has added a considerable burden on health systems of many countries. Often times obtaining a lumbar spine MRI can be of little value in making a definite diagnosis. This is because a large number of spinal MRI findings can be present in asymptomatic individuals [2]. It is also true that a large number of symptomatic individuals can have nonspecific findings on MRI. Yet there is a widespread belief amongst physicians that an MRI is needed to diagnose LBP. Associating LBP with lumbar MRI findings can have many challenges. First of all, there is no accurate definition of LBP. Secondly, symptoms can range from a purely dull aching back, solely leg pain or mixed with fluctuations between both symptoms. The symptoms can also be confused with isolated nerve compression. There are many MRI findings that are primarily associated with LBP such as Modic changes, vertebral compression fractures and degenerative disc degeneration. Many findings are associated with radicular pain such as spinal stenosis, disc extrusions and compressive neuropathy [3]. The above stated observation makes the differentiation of symptoms and their etiology complex since there may be multiple symptoms in the patient and more than one positive MRI finding. To best of our knowledge there is hardly any study to find if the recommended guidelines had any impact on the usage of MRI in LBP. Therefore in this study we present a retrospective review of records of patients who had undergone MRI of lumbosacral spine for LBP. After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval from the Hospital Ethics Committee we performed a retrospective chart review of 313 patients who had undergone MRI of lumbosacral spine for LBP in the Henry Ford Health system between 2014–2015. The data was obtained from electronic health records, specifically from Epic and the Care Plus Next Generation databases. There was no exclusion criteria set except that all the patients were adults. We recorded and compared various factors including chief complaint, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), current smoking history, race, symptoms, MRI findings, and progression to surgery within the next 1 year. While radiologists in our center give thorough reports in regards to MRI findings, it is up to the ordering physician to determine the importance of the MRI findings in the given clinical scenario. The findings that were considered positive were as follows: severe degenerative changes, lumbar disc herniation, spinal canal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, severe facet hypertrophy, nerve compression, spinal tumors, spinal Infection, fresh vertebral fracture, and spinal deformity (kyphosis/scoliosis). Mild to moderate degeneration, annular tears, modic changes, and mild disc bulging were not considered to be positive as often times these findings can be present in asymptomatic individuals [2]. All continuous variables were described using means, standard deviations medians, minimums, and maximums, while all categorical variables were described using counts and percentages. All rates were compared between groups (MRI positive and MRI negative) using chi-square or Fisher exact tests (if expected cell counts are <5). Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. All analyses were performed using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The descriptive statistics for all variables in the analysis, proportion of positive MRI findings by symptom, and departments seeking MRI investigation of patients with LBP are shown in Tables 1-3 respectively. Females constituted about 57.5% of the population of the sample. The average age of patients was 63±15.2 years Isolated LBP was the most common symptom and reason of getting the MRI done (77%) followed by both lower back and leg pain (19.5%). In percentage, 58.5% of the MRI results showed radiographically significant findings whereas, 41.5% of MRIs were negative. The most common findings of MRI positive patients were lumbar stenosis (29.5%), nerve compression (26.8%), and lumbar disc herniation (24.3%). There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of each symptom between the 2 groups (MRI positive and MRI negative). Eighty-one percent of the population did not have a current smoking history. The average BMI of the patients who obtained an MRI was 29.9±7.9, throwing out the notion that obese individuals constitute the majority of the population that suffers with LBP. Fig. 1 depicts the difference in rates of surgery in next 1 year among 18.0% positive MRI patients (33 of 183) and 8.5% (11 of 130) among MRI-negative patients. The difference was found to be statistically significant at p<0.05. The aim of our study was to deduce when an MRI of the lumbosacral spine is deemed necessary among various physicians. We collected data on chief complaints, imaging findings, various demographic data and those whom ultimately obtained surgical intervention as well. The study revealed that 41.5% of the MRIs of lumbosacral spine performed in our center were negative. Among the MRIs that were positive, 81% did not have any surgical intervention within the next 1 year. Isolated back pain (77%), followed by back/leg pain (19.5%) were the most common reasons for obtaining an MRI. Based on percentages, lumbar spinal stenosis was the most common positive MRI

It seemed such an extraordinary thing to have Dora always there. It was so unaccountable not to be obliged to go out to see her, not to have any occasion to be tormenting myself about her, not to have to write to her, not to be scheming and devising opportunities of being alone with her. Sometimes of an evening, when I looked up from my writing, and saw her seated opposite, I would lean back in my chair, and think how queer it was that there we were, alone together as a matter of course - nobody's business any more - all the romance of our engagement put away upon a shelf, to rust - no one to please but one another - one another to please, for life. When there was a debate, and I was kept out very late, it seemed so strange to me, as I was walking home, to think that Dora was at home! It was such a wonderful thing, at first, to have her coming softly down to talk to me as I ate my supper. It was such a stupendous thing to know for certain that she put her hair in papers. It was altogether such an astonishing event to see her do it! I doubt whether two young birds could have known less about keeping house, than I and my pretty Dora did. We had a servant, of course. She kept house for us. I have still a latent belief that she must have been Mrs. Crupp's daughter in disguise, we had such an awful time of it with Mary Anne. Her name was Paragon. Her nature was represented to us, when we engaged her, as being feebly expressed in her name. She had a written character, as large as a proclamation; and, according to this document, could do everything of a domestic nature that ever I heard of, and a great many things that I never did hear of. She was a woman in the prime of life; of a severe countenance; and subject (particularly in the arms) to a sort of perpetual measles or fiery rash. She had a cousin in the Life-Guards, with such long legs that he looked like the afternoon shadow of somebody else. His shell-jacket was as much too little for him as he was too big for the premises. He made the cottage smaller than it need have been, by being so very much out of proportion to it. Besides which, the walls were not thick, and, whenever he passed the evening at our house, we always knew of it by hearing one continual growl in the kitchen. Our treasure was warranted sober and honest. I am therefore willing to believe that she was in a fit when we found her under the boiler; and that the deficient tea-spoons were attributable to the dustman. But she preyed upon our minds dreadfully. We felt our inexperience, and were unable to help ourselves. We should have been at her mercy, if she had had any; but she was a remorseless woman, and had none. She was the cause of our first little quarrel. 'Why, Doady?' inquired Dora, looking up, innocently, from her drawing. Dora glanced wistfully at the clock, and hinted that she thought it was too fast. My little wife came and sat upon my knee, to coax me to be quiet, and drew a line with her pencil down the middle of my nose; but I couldn't dine off that, though it was very agreeable. 'Oh no, please! I couldn't, Doady!' said Dora. 'Why not, my love?' I gently asked. I thought this sentiment so incompatible with the establishment of any system of check on Mary Anne, that I frowned a little. 'Oh, what ugly wrinkles in my bad boy's forehead!' said Dora, and still being on my knee, she traced them with her pencil; putting it to her rosy lips to make it mark blacker, and working at my forehead with a quaint little mockery of being industrious, that quite delighted me in spite of myself. 'There's a good child,' said Dora, 'it makes its face so much prettier to laugh.' 'But, my love,' said I. 'Because I KNOW you're going to scold me,' exclaimed Dora, in a piteous voice. I tried to pacify Dora, but she turned away her face, and shook her curls from side to side, and said, 'You cruel, cruel boy!' so many times, that I really did not exactly know what to do: so I took a few turns up and down the room in my uncertainty, and came back again. 'No, I am not your darling. Because you must be sorry that you married me, or else you wouldn't reason with me!' returned Dora. I felt so injured by the inconsequential nature of this charge, that it gave me courage to be grave. 'Oh, you cruel, cruel boy, to say I am a disagreeable wife!' cried Dora. 'It's exactly the same thing!' cried Dora. And she evidently thought so, for she wept most grievously. But I had wounded Dora's soft little heart, and she was not to be comforted. She was so pathetic in her sobbing and bewailing, that I felt as if I had said I don't know what to hurt her. I was obliged to hurry away; I was kept out late; and I felt all night such pangs of remorse as made me miserable. I had the conscience of an assassin, and was haunted by a vague sense of enormous wickedness. It was two or three hours past midnight when I got home. I found my aunt, in our house, sitting up for me. 'Is anything the matter, aunt?' said I, alarmed. I leaned my head upon my hand; and felt more sorry and downcast, as I sat looking at the fire, than I could have supposed possible so soon after the fulfilment of my brightest hopes. As I sat thinking, I happened to meet my aunt's eyes, which were resting on my face. There was an anxious expression in them, but it cleared directly. 'You must have patience, Trot,' said she. I thanked my good aunt, in my heart, for her tenderness towards my wife; and I was sure that she knew I did. Her tone was so very earnest that I raised my eyes in surprise. 'Division between us!' cried I. I comprehended, at once, that my aunt was right; and I comprehended the full extent of her generous feeling towards my dear wife. My aunt said this in a sprightly way, and gave me a kiss to ratify the blessing. With this my aunt tied her head up in a handkerchief, with which she was accustomed to make a bundle of it on such occasions; and I escorted her home. As she stood in her garden, holding up her little lantern to light me back, I thought her observation of me had an anxious air again; but I was too much occupied in pondering on what she had said, and too much impressed - for the first time, in reality - by the conviction that Dora and I had indeed to work out our future for ourselves, and that no one could assist us, to take much notice of it. Dora came stealing down in her little slippers, to meet me, now that I was alone; and cried upon my shoulder, and said I had been hard-hearted and she had been naughty; and I said much the same thing in effect, I believe; and we made it up, and agreed that our first little difference was to be our last, and that we were never to have another if we lived a hundred years. The next domestic trial we went through, was the Ordeal of Servants. Mary Anne's cousin deserted into our coal-hole, and

Some Things Ive Done FromPage2Screens 'Cinema' UK Motion Picture Festival (FilmFreeway) Neil Marshall talks about the desire for creative freedom ahead of THE RECKONING's UK Premiere FromPage2Screen / October 6, 2020 Ahead of the UK premiere of his latest film THE RECKONING, Neil Marshall talks about the desire for creative freedom, putting leading lady Charlotte Kirk through hell, his love for FrightFest and his urge to make something outrageously violent and bloodthirsty again. THE RECKONING sees you returning to the horror genre. Was this an important factor in choosing to make the film? Absolutely. After the nightmare of Hellboy, which was a deeply dissatisfying creative experience on so many levels – I'd originally been hired to bring a horror angle to Hellboy and was never allowed to do that – so I had an itch that needed scratching. I'd been wanting to do another horror movie for a while, and for various reasons, one of which was so I could bring something back to FrightFest, because I love this festival so much. It feels like coming home again. The whole festival scene is a buzz, getting to meet the horror fans and watch amazing movies you might otherwise not see, and I've really missed that. So I wanted to be a part of that again, but at the same time I wanted to do something different, creatively. If Hellboy had been a lot of money and no control, then this was totally the opposite; all the control I could want, but no money. But that felt like a decent compromise to me. This is the first true Neil Marshall movie since Centurion, or at least my segment of Tales of Halloween. And it's both similar to what I've done before and very different. I wanted to stretch my legs a little as a filmmaker, try something more dramatic, maybe a little more artsy, and just have fun within the genre. Was the subject of the Great Plague in 17th Century England something you've always been interested in? I can't say I've been hankering to do a 17th century plague movie all my life. The plague itself really just forms a backdrop to this story. Of course, when I was writing it I had no idea just how relevant the plague aspect was going to become! The more research I did, the more interconnected the stories became. I uncovered some fascinating details, like how people were so convinced the plague was the Devils work, and that witches were the Devil's disciples, and cats were the witches familiars, so they started killing cats in their thousands, and this of course led to the further spread of rats which carried the plague. I love finding out stuff like that! What also interested me was the witch hunt aspect to it, and how that was still very relevant to today. Witch hunts still exist, they've just taken on a different form. From very early on, you collaborated closely with your partner Charlotte Kirk, who is magnificent in the leading role. Tell us how the collaborative process worked. When we were first approached by my friend Ed Swindell (dir Dark Signal) with the bare bones of an idea about doing a witch movie, Charlotte and I had just finished writing our first script together, a gangster movie, and so we'd figured out our collaborative process pretty much by then, and it was a good one. I think Charlotte, coming from a very non-horror background, brings ideas to the table that I might not think of. For instance, it was Charlotte who first suggested the idea that there would be no witches in this witch movie, kind of approaching the idea from completely the opposite direction, and I loved that idea, but at the same time I like to keep certain things ambiguous, so between us we kind of met in the middle. Also, for Charlotte, she was writing a role that she was going to play, and I think beyond the broad strokes she was happy to let me focus on the trials and tribulations of that character, knowing I wasn't going to make it easy for her. She wanted to be challenged as an actor, so I made sure to put the character through hell! Overall, the entire process from writing to being on set together was a blast. Her role as Evelyn is incredibly demanding, both physically and emotionally, and in a sense she emerges as a modern day heroine. Was it important to connect her story to a younger audience? Women's rights are at the forefront of people's minds now, especially with the #metoo movement bringing such a spotlight on the abuse that woman are still facing today. Those poor women who were persecuted in the 17th century were fundamentally no different. Over 500,000 of them were arrested and tortured for a crime that doesn't really exist! It's insane. It's just men exerting their power, and that's still what's happening today. And, just like today, it's born of fear. Certain men are afraid of women and they seek to control their fear by punishing and persecuting them. Creating roles for strong and three-dimensional woman is a narrative weaving through most of your films. Do you think the horror genre naturally lends itself to your female story-telling instincts? I think that the horror and sci-fi genres have always led the way in pushing new ideas and breaking through social boundaries. A lot of horror movies deal with the notion of survival, and over the years they took the old concept of the damsel in distress and turned it on its head. Women are incredibly tough and resilient. They have babies! So their pain threshold is, in a lot of cases, much higher than the average man. For this story and this character not only was I inspired by the women in the 17th century who underwent these appalling trials and tortures, most of them dying in the process. But also those brave women of the resistance in WWII who were captured and tortured by the Gestapo, and they resisted to the bitter end. So Charlotte and I set to out make Grace Haverstock as stubborn and resilient and fierce as she could possibly be, without ever making her fantastical. She's not a super hero, she bleeds and she suffers in so many ways, both physically and psychologically, but she just keeps pushing on. So yea, I think the horror genre absolutely lends itself to explorations of female characters being pushed to the extreme. It allows us to take these characters to some pretty dark places! Sean Pertwee is brilliantly chilling as Witchfinder Moorcroft. Was he always foremost in your mind when casting? I think I always had Sean in my head for Moorcroft. The thing is, in reality Sean is such a kind, gentle, generous human soul, so the character of Moorcroft couldn't be much further removed. I think that, like me exploring dark aspects of the human character through my movies, the same thing applies to actors like Sean. Playing Moorcroft allowed him to explore a very different and darker personality. What I really enjoyed exploring in The Reckoning was the very different ideologies of the villains. If Pendleton (Steve Waddington) is just an out-and-out sadist, then Moorcroft is a fanatic, driven by a fundamental belief that he's doing righteous work. Even while he's torturing Grace he sympathises with her. He sees her as a victim of evil, a vessel of the Devil. When she enduring the Pear of Anguish, which is kind of like childbirth in reverse, absolutely horrific, but Moorcroft is there, almost like a husband, weeping and holding her hand, as if sharing her pain. I love that he's not just some one-dimensional moustache twirling villain. Although he does have

306. 307. 308. 309. 310. 311. 312. 313. 314. 315. 316. 317. 318. 319. 320. 321. 322. 323. 324. 325. 326. 327. 328. 329. 330. 331. 332. 333. 334. 335. 336. 337. 338. 339. 340. 341. 342. 343. 344. 345. 346. 347. 348. 349. 350. 351. 352. 353. 354. 355. 356. 357. 358. 359. 360. 361. 362. 363. 364. 365. 366. 367. 368. 369. 370. 371. 372. 373. 374. 375. 376. 377. 378. 379. 380. 381. 382. 383. 384. 385. 386. 387. 388. 389. 390. 391. 392. 393. 394. 395. 396. 397. 398. 399. 400. 401. 402. 403. 404. 405. 406. 407. 408. 409. 410. 411. 412. 413. 414. 415. 416. 417. 418. 419. 420. 421. 422. 423. 424. 425. 426. 427. 428. 429. 430. 431. 432. 433. 434. 435. 436. 437. 438. 439. 440. 441. 442. 443. 444. 445. 446. 447. 448. 449. 450. 451. 452. 453. 454. 455. 456. 457. 458. 459. 460. 461. 462. 463. 464. 465. 466. 467. 468. 469. 470. 471. 472. 473. 474. 475. 476. 477. 478. 479. 480. 481. 482. 483. 484. 485. 486. 487. 488. 489. 490. 491. 492. 493. 494. 495. 496. 497. 498. 499. 500. 501. 502. 503. 504. 505. 506. 507. 508. 509. 510. 511. 512. 513. 514. 515. 516. 517. 518. 519. 520. 521. 522. 523. 524. 525. 526. 527. 528. 529. 530. 531. 532. 533. 534. 535. 536. 537. 538. 539. 540. 541. 542. 543. 544. 545. 546. 547. 548. 549. 550. 551. 552. 553. 554. 555. 556. 557. 558. 559. 560. 561. 562. 563. 564. 565. 566. 567. 568. 569. 570. 571. 572. 573. 574. 575. 576. 577. 578. 579. 580. 581. 582. 583. 584. 585. 586. 587. 588. 589. 590. 591. 592. 593. 594. 595. 596. 597. 598. 599. 600. 601. 602. 603. 604. 605. 606. 607. 608. 609. 610. 611. 612. 613. 614. 615. 616. 617. 618. 619. 620. 621. 622. 623. 624. 625. 626. 627. 628. 629. 630. 631. 632. 633. 634. 635. 636. 637. 638. 639. 640. 641. 642. 643. 644. 645. 646. 647. 648. 649. 650. 651. 652. 653. 654. 655. 656. 657. 658. 659. 660. 661. 662. 663. 664. 665. 666. 667. 668. 669. 670. 671. 672. 673. 674. 675. 676. 677. 678. 679. 680. 681. 682. 683. 684. 685. 686. 687. 688. 689. 690. 691. 692. 693. 694. 695. 696. 697. 698. 699. 700. 701. 702. 703. 704. 705. 706. 707. 708. 709. 710. 711. 712. 713. 714. 715. 716. 717. 718. 719. 720. 721. 722. 723. 724. 725. 726. 727. 728. 729. 730. 731. 732. 733. 734. 735. 736. 737. 738. 739. 740. 741. 742. 743. 744. 745. 746. 747. 748. 749. 750. 751. 752. 753. 754. 755. 756. 757. 758. 759. 760. 761. 762. 763. 764. 765. 766. 767. 768. 769. 770. 771. 772. 773. 774. 775. 776. 777. 778. 779. 780. 781. 782. 783. 784. 785. 786. 787. 788. 789. 790. 791. 792. 793. 794. 795. 796. 797. 798. 799. 800. 801. 802. 803. 804. 805. 806. 807. 808. 809. 810. 811. 812. 813. 814. 815. 816. 817. 818. 819. 820. 821. 822. 823. 824. 825. 826. 827. 828. 829. 830. 831. 832. 833. 834. 835. 836. 837. 838. 839. 840. 841. 842. 843. 844. 845. 846. 847. 848. 849. 850. 851. 852. 853. 854. 855. 856. 857. 858. 859. 860. 861. 862. 863. 864. 865. 866. 867. 868. 869. 870. 871. 872. 873. 874. 875. 876. 877. 878. 879. 880. 881. 882. 883. 884. 885. 886. 887. 888. 889. 890. 891. 892. 893. 894. 895. 896. 897. 898. 899. 900. 901. 902. 903. 904. 905. 906. 907. 908. 909. 910. 911. 912. 913. 914. 915. 916. 917. 918. 919. 920. 921. 922. 923. 924. 925. 926. 927. 928. 929. 930. 931. 932. 933. 934. 935. 936. 937. 938. 939. 940. 941. 942. 943. 944. 945.

intimate setting. Part of the magic within the series was that the majority of artists would step out of their "comfort zone", and many would switch their electric guitars into acoustic guitars. This obviously added extra stress to the artists, since they had to rehearse and many times learn how to play a certain "amplified" musical part without any electrical effects or "tricks". One thing that all musicians who are not used to performing in an intimate setting have in common, is that they get nervous as hell. Of course they are professionals and usually shine within this unusual environment for them, without letting anyone know how nervous they are. And even though they are used to performing in front of massive amounts of people, they do feel the added pressure. Take for example MACHINE HEAD's Robb Flynn, who recently performed and acoustic set at a Tony La Russa benefit show (video below). Here is what he had to say about how nerve wrecking his recent acoustic experience was: "And then the time came to do my set for a 40-to-70 year-old audience that I was certain had no fuckin' clue who the hell I or Machine Head was. I cracked a couple jokes about it and definitely broke the ice; I was nervous, surprisingly so, irrationally so. Every time I do these acoustic things I'm nervous, I kept telling myself "dude, you headline festivals in front of 100,000 people, and don't even blink an eye, why are you nervous?" I guess the idea of sitting, just me and an acoustic, and just being in the moment, connecting to the lyrics, connecting to the emotion and the place where I wrote it, and the idea that I couldn't rely on my old bag of tricks is... well, scary. I both like and hate that feeling. I feel like I need to do more of it just to get past this weird... I dunno, fear? " Another Heavy Music artist who recently performed acoustically in New York City and in Gothenburg, Sweden, is TRIVIUM's Matt Heafy (video below). Prior to his first acoustic solo performance at the Moscot Gallery in New York City, Heafy made it clear that he was out of his "comfort zone". "I'm never nervous with Trivium shows but I'm always nervous with things I don't really do – like dancing in public, if I had to do it I would be terrified. Having never done a solo acoustic show of songs that no one would expect me to do I don't know what vibe I'm going to get, I'll figure it out. I was asking Corey Taylor, who was doing those acoustic shows – I saw him do one in front of 8,000 people in Austria and people were freaking out, he played the Spongebob Square Pants Theme, Alice in Chains and all this stuff. So I asked him how he gets into it and he gave me a couple of tips." Since Heafy brought up Corey Taylor (SLIPKNOT/STONE SOUR)... In 2011, we had the chance to catch "An Evening With Corey Taylor". The event was Taylor's super smart way of promoting his debut book "Seven Deadly Sins: Settling the Argument Between Born Bad and Damaged Good". Seeing Taylor in such an intimate setting without of his jumpsuit and mask, was very powerful (video below). Almost as powerful as seeing his as #8 in SLIPKNOT. So for those who say that acoustic sets are not Metal: if you want to be close minded about it and not open your mind to NEW/COOL ways for our music to be presented, that is your personal choice. Just don't forget that the key ingredient of Metal is rebellion, which it can be translated into trying things that most are too scared to try. Mr. Flynn, Mr. Heafy and Mr. Taylor, are all vocalists in some of the most important Heavy Music bands today. If they weren't "Metal" enough, they would have never dared stepping out of their "comfort zone" and rebelling all for the love of music. Lets take a look at the differences between an electric guitar and an acoustic guitar: What do you think about this? Let us know at the comments section below. Labels: acoustic, corey taylor, heavy music, horns up rocks, machine head, matt heafy, metal, musicians nerves, robb flynn, slipknot, stone sour, trivium TRIVIUM To Join Forces With DISTURBED On Their NEW Album? After a successful European tour with AS I LAY DYING, CALIBAN and UPON A BURNING BODY, Florida's TRIVIUM are currently at home working on their next batch of music! As previously reported, pre-production to the follow up for 2011's 'In Waves' (available now via Roadrunner Records) began this Monday, January 14. According to Metal Injection, the band has lined up DISTURBED's frontman David Draiman to produce the bands sixth studio album. Here are a few pictures of the band working on some ideas with Draiman under the helm: Photo credit: Paolo Gregoletto Labels: corey beaulieu, david draiman, disturbed, follow up, heavy music, horns up rocks, in waves, matt heafy, paolo gregoletto, pro production, producer, roadrunner records, trivium NEW ENGLAND METAL & HARDCORE FEST: Tickets Unleashed For 15th Anniversary Event As previously reported, the NEW ENGLAND METAL & HARDCORE FESTIVAL will once again overthrow the historic venue, The Palladium, in Worcester, Massachusetts, this year marking the 15th anniversary of the iconic weekend-long gathering! The festivities will commence with a pre-party on April 18th, 2013 and the three official days of the fest following on the 19th, 20th, and 21st. Tickets for this year's NEW ENGLAND METAL & HARDCORE FESTIVAL are officially on sale NOW. Details below! Latest additions to the fest include: Agitator, Battlecross, Disgrace, Foundation, Glass Cloud, King 810, Miss May I, Mouth Of The South, Mutilation Rites, Texas In July, The Greenery, Thick As Blood and To The Wind and VYGR with more acts to be announced in the coming weeks. See day-to-day breakdown below. Friday: Anthrax performing Among The Living in its entirety, Hatebreed, Shadows Fall, Exodus, Municipal Waste, Black Breath, Holy Grail, VYGR, Dead By Wednesday, Multilation Rites, Trap Them, Death Before Dishonor, Xibalba, The Mongoloids, Power Trip, Expire, Twitching Tongues, Suburban Scum, Rude Awakening, The Greenery, Disgrace, Antagonist AD, The Greenery, Battlecross. Saturday: Opeth, Katatonia, Trollfest, Tyr, Hellsot, Heidevolk, Ensiferum, Born of Osiris, After The Burial, The Contortionist, I Declare War, Legion, Erra, Fit For An Autopsy, Sworn In, Reflections, Mouth of the South, Ark of the Covenant, Those Who Fear, Saving Grace, Years Since The Storm, Mouth of the South, King 810. Sunday: Suicidal Tendencies, Miss May I, Texas In July, Glass Cloud, Your Memorial, No Mercy, Foundation, Remembering Never, Bracewar, Mother of Mercy, Agitator, Incendiary, Thick As Blood, To The Wind. New England Metal & Hardcore Festival 2013 Ticket Prices/Packages: - Weekend Pass For All Three Days - $90 [BUY HERE] - Thursday, April 18th – Kick Off Party – $12 In Advance/$15 Day-Of [BUY HERE] - Friday, April 19th: $35 In Advance/$40 Day-Of [BUY HERE] - Saturday, April 20th: $40 In Advance/$45 Day-Of [BUY HERE] - Sunday, April 21st: $35 In Advance/$40 Day-Of [BUY HERE] - VIP Three-Day Package – $165: Includes one three-day NEMHHF Pass, entry to Thursday's pre-party, an NEMHF T-shirt, 18 x 24 NEMHF poster, NEMHF sampler CD, exclusive meet and greets with artists all weekend, early entry each day, NEHMF guitar picks, NEHMF button pack, raffles for exclusive gear, NEMHF beer koozie, NEMHF + Shock Clothing key chain, free Monster energy drink at the signing tent. [BUY HERE] - VIP One-Day Pass - $80: Includes one NEMHHF day pass for Friday, Saturday or Sunday, an NEMHF T-shirt, 18 x 24 NEMHF poster, NEMHF sampler CD, exclusive meet and greets with artists all weekend, NEHMF guitar picks, NEMHF beer koozie, NEMHF + Shock Clothing key chain, free Monster energy drink at the signing tent.

to be retained. If the hon. Member wishes to give a larger sum, he will support the Glasgow scales, instead of those of the Board. I apologise to the House for citing Glasgow cases, but, after all, it is better to criticise these Regulations by dealing with cases and scales with which one is familiar than by dealing with the Regulations in an abstract manner. With regard to rents, assuming that the household means, according to the scale, are 40s., the basic rent allowance is calculated at 10s. If, in fact, the rent actually paid is only 5s., there will be a corresponding reduction in the household allowance. When it is borne in mind that in Glasgow at least one-half of the working class population lives in houses with rents of less than 7s. 6d. per week, and consequently will in most cases suffer a reduction in the scale allowance by the Board, in addition to the cut in the scale itself, it can readily be understood that this feature of the Regulations will be resented. In Glasgow 24 per cent. of able-bodied cases are paying rents of 10s. a week and over. The rent scales will not deal very beneficially with the people in Glasgow. Take the scales: father, mother and son, the father earning 40s. a week and the son idle; the reduction to be made, Unemployment Assistance Board, 30s.; public assistance, 5s.; the net amount payable by the Unemployment Assistance Board under these Regulations, 4s.; public assistance committee, 5s. I have worked out all the scales and the differences between them, and, as I have stated already, the differences range from 1s. to 5s. in favour of the Glasgow Corporation's public assistance committee. That is the case throughout these scales. Mr Malcolm McCorquodale , Sowerby Is the hon. Member satisfied that the finances of Glasgow as a whole are in a very good condition? If the hon. Member had followed the questions I have put in the House from time to time, I think he would agree that I am not satisfied with that condition. The reason I am quoting these cases against the Minister is that yesterday he was gibing and sneering at Glasgow and the manner in which it conducted its affairs. He endeavoured to make the House believe that the scales he is proposing in his draft Regulations are better than those being operated in Glasgow, and I am proving that that is not so. What is more, I am proving that in Glasgow we are paying to the Unemployment Assistance Board more than three large English cities together, although they have six or seven times the population of Glasgow. I think that is a case of tyrannising over Glasgow and extracting from Glasgow more than it ought to pay. We have been fighting this question for 18 months and can get no relief even from the Chancellor of the Exchequer. We can get no abatement or no satisfaction. That amount must be paid. When it is considered that there are in Glasgow close upon 150,000 people in receipt either of unemployment benefit or public assistance relief, I think it will be agreed that Glasgow is being asked to pay far too much in comparison with London, with a population of over 4,000,000, Birmingham with a population approximating to that of Glasgow and Manchester also with an equal population. They are being asked to pay 6½d. per head as against 7s. 6d. per head in Glasgow. It is preposterous that we should be robbed of this money, because it is nothing else but sheer robbery on the part of the Board. Edinburgh protests against it. Even the town represented by the Secretary of State for Scotland sends a telegram of protest against these scales. But the right hon. Gentleman will stand up and defend the Government's scales against the constituency which sent him here. That will be his duty as a Member of the Cabinet. We shall have a united front on the other side as far as robbing the poor is concerned. The Minister of Health yesterday tried to prove that everything was delightful or was likely to become delightful in connection with these scales. He was very good at quoting averages, and he told us that the Labour Government had paid only 21s. whereas the present Government were now paying 23s. He forgot to tell the House, however, that when the Labour Government were in office he used to sit in that corner seat and jibe at the Labour Government and accuse them of extravagance because they were paying 21s. He was supported then by the present Minister of Agriculture who assisted him in jibing at the Labour Government. We received very little assistance from the right hon. Gentleman the present Minister of Labour. His support was very uncertain—both his own and that of his colleagues who then sat below the Gangway. When the Minister of Health tries to make us believe that the present Government are doing much better than the Labour Government did, he should bear in mind that he is partly responsible for having prevented the Labour Government from being more generous. We cannot forget that he offered severe opposition to the Labour Government on that matter, nor can we forget the attitude of the right hon. Gentleman the Minister of Labour at that time. These Regulations, in my opinion, ought never to have been presented. When the standstill arrangement was introduced one would have been led to believe, if one were sufficiently credulous, that the country was about to solve its unemployment difficulties by the standstill arrangement and the new Regulations which, it was said, would be on a more generous scale than the old Regulations. At that time we had just concluded the prolonged debates on the Government of India Act. India had been exercising the attention of the House for weeks and it had occupied the attention of a Royal Commission for a long time before the Bill was even drafted. I said at that time that India was not the question which would cause the greatest trouble to the Government of the day. I said that the dominating question for that Government would be unemployment. Unemployment is going to be the dominating question for this Government also if they administer these Regulations, as now submitted, in the manner in which they have administered similar Regulations in the past. Let me give a final instance. The Minister's statement yesterday suggested that the officials of the Board, in making determinations, would not fall into such errors as those of the Glasgow public assistance committee. We were told that they would make correct assessments, that they would have sufficient instructions and regulations and circulars and advice to enable them to make their determinations in the fairest possible manner to the people concerned. A week or two ago a man came to see me in my constituency. He was in receipt of unemployment assistance under the Board. He had two lads, both at work, each earning 12s. a week. One of these lads who had been employed as a vanboy was dismissed and received 14s. unemployment benefit. That was an advance of 2s. on the income of that household. When the father next applied to the unemployment assistance committee he stated that his circumstances had changed to the ex- tent that one of his sons was now receiving 2s. more in standard benefit than he had previously received. What did the right hon. Gentleman's officials do? They deducted 2s. 6d. from the man. They were mean enough to take off 6d. more than the extra amount which was going into the household. In a family of that

her and thumped his way down a set of stairs. Vivenna followed more carefully, the dark stairwell reminding her of the cellar in Denth's hideout. She shivered. At the bottom, fortunately, the similarities between cellars ended. This one had a wooden floor and walls. A rug sat in the middle of the room with a group of men sitting on it. A couple of them rose as Vasher rounded the stairs. "Vasher!" one said. "Welcome. Do you want something to drink?" The men glanced uncomfortably at each other as Vasher tossed his sword toward the side of the room. It hit with a clank, skidding on the wood. Then he reached back and pulled Vivenna forward. "Hair," he said. She hesitated. He was using her just as Denth had. But rather than make him angry, she obliged, changing the color of her hair. The men watched with awe; then several of them bowed their heads. "Princess," one whispered. "Tell them you don't want them to go to war," Vasher said. "I don't," she said honestly. "I have never wanted my people to fight Hallandren. They would lose, almost certainly." The men turned to Vasher. "But she was working with the slumlords. Why did she change her mind?" Vasher looked at her. "Well?" Why did she change her mind? Had she changed her mind? It was all too quick. "I . . ." she said. "I'm sorry. I . . . didn't realize. I've never wanted war. I thought it was inevitable, and so I tried to plan for it. I might have been manipulated, though." Vasher nodded, then pushed her aside. He left her and joined the men as they sat back on the rug. Vivenna remained where she was. She wrapped her hands around herself, feeling the unfamiliar cloth of the tunic and coat. These men are Idrians, she realized, listening to their accents. And now they've seen me, their princess, wearing a man's clothing. How is it that I can still care about such things, considering everything else that is happening? "All right," Vasher said, squatting. "What are you doing to stop this?" "Wait," one of the men said. "You expect that to change our minds? A few words from the princess, and we're supposed to believe everything you've been telling us?" "If Hallandren goes to war, you're dead," Vasher snapped. "Can't you see that? What do you think will happen to the Idrians in these slums? You think things are bad now, wait until you're seen as enemy sympathizers." "We know that, Vasher," another said. "But what do you expect us to do? Submit to Hallandren treatment of us? Cave in and worship their indolent gods?" "I don't really care what you do," Vasher said, "as long as it doesn't involve threatening the security of the Hallandren government." "Maybe we should just admit that war is coming and fight," another said. "Maybe the slumlords are right. Maybe the best thing to do is hope that Idris wins." "They hate us," another of them said, a man in his twenties with anger in his eyes. "They treat us worse than they do the statues in their streets! We're less than Lifeless, to them." I know that anger, Vivenna realized. I felt it. Feel it still. Anger at Hallandren. The man's words rang hollow to her now. The truth was, she hadn't really felt any ire from the Hallandren people. If anything, she'd felt indifference. She was just another body on the street to them. Perhaps that's why she hated them. She'd worked all of her life to become something important for them—in her mind, she'd been dominated by the monster that was Hallandren and its God King. And then, in the end, the city and its people had simply ignored her. She didn't matter to them. And that was infuriating. One of the Idrian men, an older man wearing a dark tan cap, shook his head in thought. "The people are restless, Vasher. Half the men talk of storming the Court of Gods in anger. The women store up food, waiting for the inevitable. Our youths go out in secret groups, searching the jungles for Kalad's legendary army." "They believe that old myth?" Vasher asked. The man shrugged. "It offers hope. A hidden army, powerful enough that it nearly ended the Manywar itself." "Believing myths isn't what frightens me," another man said. "It's that our youths would even think of using Lifeless as soldiers. Kalad's Phantoms. Bah!" He spat to the side. "What it means is that we're desperate," one of the older men said. "The people are angry. We can't stop the riots, Vasher. Not after that slaughter a few weeks back." Vasher pounded the floor with a fist. "That's what they want! Can't you fools see that you're giving your enemies perfect scapegoats? Those Lifeless that attacked the slum weren't given their orders by the government. Someone slipped a few broken Lifeless into the group with orders to kill so that things would turn ugly!" What? Vivenna thought. "The Hallandren theocracy is a top-heavy structure laden with bureaucratic foolishness and inertia," Vasher said. "It never moves unless someone pushes it! If we have riots in the street, that will be just what the war faction needs." I could help him, Vivenna thought, watching the reactions of the Idrians. She knew them instinctively in a way Vasher obviously didn't. He made good arguments, but he approached them in the wrong way. He needed credibility. She could help. But should she? Vivenna didn't know what to think anymore. If Vasher was right, she'd been played like a puppet by Denth. She believed that was true, but how could she know that Vasher wasn't doing the same thing? Did she want war? No, of course she didn't. Particularly not a war Idris would have a very hard time surviving, let alone winning. Vivenna had worked so hard to undermine Hallandren's ability to wage war. Why hadn't she ever considered trying to head it off? I did, she realized. That was my original plan when I was back in Idris. I'd intended to talk the God King out of war when I became his bride. She'd given up on that plan. No, she'd been manipulated into giving up on it. Either by her father's sense of inevitability or by Denth's subtlety—or by both—it didn't really matter. Her initial instinct had been to prevent the conflict. That was the best way to protect Idris; and it was—she now realized—also the best way to protect Siri. She'd practically given up on saving her sister, focusing on her own hate and arrogance instead. Stopping the war wouldn't protect Siri from being abused by the God King. But it would probably keep her from being used as a pawn or a hostage. It could save her life. That was enough for Vivenna. "It's too late," one of the men said. "No," Vivenna said. "Please." The men in the circle paused, looking over at her. She walked back to the circle and then knelt before them. "Please do not say such things." "But Princess," one of the men said, "what can we do? The slumlords rile the people to anger. We have no power compared to them." "You must have some influence," she said. "You seem like men of wisdom." "We're family men and workers," another said. "We have no riches." "But people listen to you?" she asked. "Some do." "Then tell them that there are more options," Vivenna said, bowing her head. "Tell them to be stronger than I was. The Idrians here in the slums—I've seen their strength. If you tell them that they've been used, maybe they can avoid being manipulated further." The men fell silent. "I don't know if everything this man says is true," she said, nodding to Vasher. "But I do know that Idris will not win this war. We should be doing everything we can to prevent

Infantile Disorders, the ABC of Marxism and a Baby's Rattle- December 2009 Reply to the Leninist Trotskyist Faction (LTF) by the International Trotskyist Current (ITC, Socialist Fight) and the Groupe Bolchevik (member of the Permanent Revolution Collective). Carlos Munzer presenting the book "Syria Under Fire" 22-8-2014, http://flti-ci.org/ingles/editrok/presentacion.html A few sections are still to be added. Dear Comrades, To begin with, we will try to dissipate any smoke screen from so-called innocent victims of vile cynics and poisoners (parts 1, 2). "Dirty methods the GB is using trying to poison" (8 June); "SF cynical position" (8 June); "The GB has permeated this document with Stalinist methods" (10 June). So, we will be able to attempt to address the central political differences with the LOI leadership and what are their roots politically and historically and avoid personal rancour, name calling and all divisive issues that take away from these essential political discussions (parts 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). 1. A wolf in sheep's clothing Philippe Couthon must apologize for a "rough translation" (his words at the time) in English of the French "bandit politique", the original terms used in the original mail of the 4 April. The use of the terms "political bandit" have been misunderstood by you –after 2,5 months of reflexion- as meaning a criminal bank robber like Al Capone, it was not intended to mean that. "Political bandit" was not straight "gangster" (8 June) and describes only Carlos Munzer, not several "leaders of our current" (10 June), not all "your current" (19 June) and still less not any "Trotskyist leaders" (10 June). Philippe Couthon meant it to mean "politically degenerate methods of operation", a warning which was soon confirmed by Carlos Munzer's mail of 8 June and the document he sent with the title "extract of a letter of the SCAI" and signed by the "secretariat of the LTF" but full of "I" and "me"? So, in FLT a person is allowed to speak on one's own in name of an international collective body. Is it a feature of a "healthy organisation" (8 June) as this person (we guess who) felt necessary to qualify the LOI and the LTF? (8 June). Similarly, the use of terms like "mad" by Gerry Downing was not meant to signify a clinically insane person who should be sectioned let alone locked up in the Lubyanka to prevent them expressing their views but one who has lost a grip on the real world of revolutionary politics and is thrashing around wildly seeking to establish his or her footing on the ceiling. Please remember yourselves used "crazy" about Philippe Couthon (19 June). Also Gerry Downing must apologise unreservedly for mistaking the work of René Armas for Carlos Munzer. In his defence he says that it was because the style and content of both persons' polemics were so similar that he could not believe there were two people with such identical unconventional and bizarre methods of political argumentation. But then he should have considered that in many closed and inward-looking groups the style of the leader tends to be adopted by many other aspirant leaders. Further we are totally opposed to violence in the workers' movement and between international revolutionary currents. We therefore unequivocally condemn all such incidents, which seem to be common among Latin American groups. We think such incidents are best adjudged by impartial tribunals conducted by internationally respected figures from the workers', anti-imperialist and revolutionary movements acceptable to both sides to apportion blame and decide on redress. We cannot comment on individual incidents where the facts may be in dispute and where such tribunals have not met to adjudge the incidents. If you still pretend that a personal mail from Philippe Couthon to Gerry Downing about a precise person is an international campaign to prepare physical assaults against all TLF members, please call to such an independent international tribunal to examine the case. Be sure that CRP (Peru), GB (France) and SF (Great Britain) shall collaborate plainly. But you forgot to do so when you pretended that an organized sympathizer of Lucha Marxista (Peru) was expelled as "mental ill" by "Stalinists" and "Polpotits" (in fact, Munzer, the lider maximo of the LOI, officially Argentinean member of the Collective, decided to split the Peruvian group of the Collective). Please remember you forgot also to do so when you accused comrades of Poder Obero (Bolivia) of sending LOI members in the hands of Bolivian police. Your public polemics are full of personal attacks against Gerry Downing and Philippe Couthon as "workers aristocrats" and "professors". Professors? Why is it worse to be a high school teacher in France than to be a university senior lecturer in New Zealand? Labour aristocrat? Why is a British bus driver socially worse than an Argentinean little boss? Your public polemics are full of accusations of "Lambertism". We are not sure you are very competent in this matter. When it was preparing to split from the Collective, the LOI leadership looked for a substitute to the Groupe Bolchevik in France. It discovered the CRI group (now CLAIRE of the NPA), a group which you label today "Lambertist" (when did that happen?) and, above all, a jingoist group called FUR. So, you invited the CRI to your international "preconference"; you wrote to the FUR behind the backs of the French group of the Collective and praised it publically (BIOI, November 2003). But a few weeks later, the FUR joined the Lambertist PT (now POI). Your public polemics are full of grave accusations against the Groupe Bolchevik: "defender of interests of the social-democracy", "fifth wheel of the NPA", "scandalous", "peaceful way to socialism", "shameful", "servants of the imperialist Republic", "servant of French monopolies", "lackey of the French 5th Republic", "servant policy at the foot of labour aristocracy and bureaucracy", "social-imperialist"… These characterisations are said to be "frank" and highly "political". Actually, their aim is to astonish naïve or to affray coward local cadres, foreign groups and to demoralize who resist. A by-product is to ridicule Marxism, Leninism and Trotskyism, to repel vanguard workers and youth. To do so, you say you "have to exaggerate; that is an understatement (8 June). Despite launching floods of grave and serious accusations, you acknowledge that you did considered neither GB statements nor Révolution Socialiste editorials: "We will start studying all their positions…" (8 June). Your incredible "exaggerations" mirror the calumny launched by the Lambertist PT (now POI) against Philippe Couthon when he played an active role at his workplace and in its city into French 1995 strikes and "assemblées générales" (by the way, which strike have comrades Munzer, Novak, Armas and Co in led during the last two decades?). The Lambertists said then: "he is paid by the PS". Of course, one must be rewarded somehow to be a "defender of the interest of social-democracy" (8 June). What are the historical origins of such disgraceful methods of preventing individual reflexion and collective discussion inside the workers movement? The oldest members of the Groupe Bolchevik/Révolution Socialiste and of ITC/Socialist Fight fought Lambert and Healy apparatus, orientation and regime as militants of the late PCI and the late WRP. We do not know of such a fight by the founders of the PTS and the LOI against the revisionism and opportunism inside the MAS when Moreno was alive. The Groupe Bolchevik has published Stéphane Just's 1984 detailed balance sheet of the former OCI-PCI led by Lambert (Cahier Bolchevik 6) and a significant part of GB 2001 foundation platform -which LOI leadership praised highly in 2002- is an evaluation of ICFI, of OCRFI and of short-lived Lambert-Moreno's "FI" (Cahier Bolchevik 1). We note you have opened correspondence with Ray Athow of the WRP, secretary of one of today "Fourth Internationals" (and one of the two called "ICFI").

metric on it, and the coefficient $\gamma$, such that if $d \Phi\geq C_1$, then the function $u$ solving \eqref{dirpbmunpert} satisfies \begin{equation}\label{mainestintro} \int_{\Omega^d}\|\nabla u\|^2\leq C_2\frac{\int_{\Omega}\|\nabla u\|^2}{d\Phi}. \end{equation} We refer to Section~\ref{decaysec}, and in particular to Theorem~\ref{mainthm}, for the precise statement. If we are interested in the decay of $u$ instead of its gradient, when $f$ has zero mean on $\partial\Omega$, we obtain an analogous result but we need to replace the frequency $\Phi$ with the lower frequency $\Phi_1$. Namely, we can find two positive constants $C_1$ and $C_2$, depending on $\Omega$, the Riemannian metric on it, and the coefficient $\gamma$, such that if $d \Phi_1\geq C_1$, then the function $u$ solving \eqref{dirpbmunpert} satisfies \begin{equation}\label{mainestintrobis} \int_{\partial\Omega^d} u^2\, d\sigma\leq C_2\frac{\int_{\partial\Omega}u^2\, d\sigma}{d\Phi_1}. \end{equation} We refer to Section~\ref{decaysec}, and in particular to Theorem~\ref{mainthmbis}, for the precise statement. As an easy consequence of \eqref{mainestintrobis}, under the same assumptions we obtain that, for two positive constants $C_1$ and $C_2$, depending on $\Omega$, the Riemannian metric on it, and the coefficient $\gamma$, if $d \Phi_1\geq C_1$, then the function $u$ solving \eqref{dirpbmunpert} satisfies \begin{equation}\label{mainestintroter} \int_{\Omega^d}\|\nabla u\|^2\leq C_2\frac{\int_{\Omega}\|\nabla u\|^2}{d^2\Phi\Phi_1}. \end{equation} See Corollary~\ref{maincor} for the precise statement. We conclude that, if $f=\phi|_{\partial\Omega}$ is the trace of a nontrivial solution to \eqref{Steklov} with $\mu>0$, then, possibly with different constants $C_1$ and $C_2$, if $d \mu\geq C_1$, then the function $\phi$ solving \eqref{Steklov} satisfies \begin{equation}\label{mainestintroquater} \int_{\Omega^d}\|\nabla \phi\|^2\leq C_2\frac{\int_{\Omega}\|\nabla \phi\|^2}{d^2\mu^2}, \end{equation} see Remark~\ref{Steklovremark} for a precise statement. Let us briefly comment on the difference between these estimates. Assuming that $f\in H^{1/2}(\partial\Omega)$, $f\neq 0$ with zero mean on $\partial\Omega$, since $\Phi_1\leq \Phi$, we have that $D$ in general decays faster than $H$. Actually, by Corollary~\ref{maincor}, we have that, as $\Phi_1$ grows, $D$ decays like $\Phi^{-1}\Phi_1^{-1}$, that is, at least like $\Phi_1^{-2}$, whereas $H$ decays like $\Phi_1^{-1}$. Moreover, if $f$ coincides with a Steklov eigenfunction with Steklov eigenvalue $\mu>0$, then, up to a constant, $\Phi$, $\Phi_1$ and $\mu$ are of the same order, therefore for Steklov eigenfunctions we obtain a decay of order $\mu^{-2}$, a result which is in accord with the estimate one can prove using the technique of \cite{His-Lut}. In fact, an indication of the optimality of our decay estimates comes from the analysis developed in \cite{His-Lut} when $f=\phi|_{\partial\Omega}$ is a Steklov eigenfunction, with positive Steklov eigenvalue $\mu$. Following the idea of the proof of \cite[Theorem~1.1]{His-Lut}, it is evident that one can estimate $u(x)$, for any $x\in \Omega^d$, by a constant times $\mu^{-1}\|f\|_{H^{1/2}(\partial\Omega)}$ provided the Green's function $G_{\gamma}(x,\cdot)$ satisfies \begin{equation}\label{Green} \|\Lambda_{\gamma}(G_{\gamma}(x,\cdot))\|_{H^{1/2}(\partial\Omega)},\ \|\gamma\nabla G_{\gamma}(x,\cdot)\cdot\nu\|_{H^{1/2}(\partial\Omega)}\leq \tilde{C} \end{equation} where $\Lambda_{\gamma}$ is the so-called Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. Roughly speaking, \eqref{Green} corresponds to an $H^2$-bound of $G_{\gamma}(x,\cdot)$ away from $x$, which is what one obtains assuming the conductivity $\gamma$ is Lipschitz continuous. Since $\|f\|_{H^{1/2}(\partial\Omega)}$ is of the order of $\sqrt{\mu}\|f\|_{L^2(\partial\Omega)}=\sqrt{\mu}\|u\|_{L^2(\partial\Omega)}$ and, as we already pointed out, the frequency and the lower frequency of $f$ are of the same order of $\mu$, one can obtain an estimate that is perfectly comparable with \eqref{mainestintrobis}. If one wishes to prove a decay of higher order, like $u(x)$ bounded by a constant times $\mu^{-2}\|f\|_{H^{1/2}(\partial\Omega)}$, by the same technique of \cite{His-Lut}, one should estimate the functions appearing in \eqref{Green} in terms of the $H^{3/2}(\partial\Omega)$ norm instead of the $H^{1/2}(\partial\Omega)$ norm, which corresponds to an $H^3$-bound of $G_{\gamma}(x,\cdot)$ away from $x$. Usually Lipschitz regularity of $\gamma$ is not enough to infer $H^3$-bounds, something like $C^{1,1}$ regularity would be required instead, therefore, under our weak regularity assumptions, our estimate \eqref{mainestintrobis} seems to be optimal even for Steklov eigenfunctions. Another indication of the optimality of our decay estimates comes from the analysis developed in \cite{BLS}. In \cite{BLS} the authors introduce the so-called \emph{penetration function} and study its properties for two dimensional domains, in particular for the two dimensional unit ball. They are particularly interested in low regularity cases, thus they allow discontinuous conductivity tensors. Their aim is to obtain estimates in homogenisation theory, but their results can be easily interpreted as distinguishability estimates with a finite number of boundary measurements for corresponding inverse boundary value problems. In particular, using their notation, if $V_n$ is the space of trigonometric polynomials of degree $n$ on $\partial B_1(0)\subset \mathbb{R}^2$, $d\in (0,1)$ is a constant, and $A=\gamma$ is a symmetric conductivity tensor which is Lipschitz continuous, we can show that the penetration function $\Xi(V_n,d)$ satisfies, for a suitable constant $C$, \begin{equation}\label{pfunction} \Xi(V_n,d)\leq C(dn)^{-1}. \end{equation} In fact, for any $f$ which is orthogonal to $V_n$ in $L^2(\partial\Omega)$, we have that its frequency $\Phi$ is at least $n+1$ and also its lower frequency $\Phi_1$ is at least $n+1$. Therefore \eqref{pfunction} directly follows from \eqref{mainestintroter}. Such a result considerably improves the estimate of \cite[Theorem~3.4]{BLS}, which is however valid for a wider class of conductivity tensors including discontinuous ones. Moreover, they give evidence by some explicit examples that, when discontinuous conductivity tensors are allowed, a lower bound for the penetration function is of order $n^{-1/2}$. It would be interesting to match such a lower bound by an estimate like \eqref{mainestintro} when $\gamma$ is discontinuous, but such an estimate would require a completely different method from the one used here. About the technique we developed to obtain our estimates, let us begin by considering \eqref{mainestintro}, where we use an ordinary differential equation argument that allows us to estimate the decay of $$D(d)=\int_{\Omega^d}\gamma\|\nabla u\|^2$$ when $d$ is positive, and small enough. We closely follow the so-called frequency method introduced in \cite{Gar-Lin1} to determine unique continuation properties of solutions to elliptic partial differential equations. In \cite{Gar-Lin1}, the local behaviour, near a point $x_0\in \Omega$, of a solution $u$ to $\mathrm{div}(\gamma\nabla u)=0$ in $\Omega$ was analysed, even in the case of a symmetric conductivity tensor $\gamma$. A key point of the method was to reduce, locally near $x_0$, the elliptic equation with a symmetric conductivity tensor to an equation in a special Riemannian manifold with a scalar conductivity. By a special Riemannian manifold we mean one whose metric can be written in a special form in terms of polar coordinates centred at $x_0$. Such a reduction is made possible by the technique developed in \cite{AKS}. Here we need to perform a similar construction, the only difference, and the main novelty, is that instead of considering a local modification near a point we consider a global one near the boundary of the domain. Indeed, in order to develop our analysis, we need that $\partial\Omega^d$ depends on $d$ smoothly enough or, equivalently, that the distance function from the boundary is smooth enough, say $C^{1,1}$, in a neighbourhood of the boundary. By \cite{Del-Zol}, see Theorem~\ref{Del-Zolthm}, this is true in the Euclidean setting provided $\partial\Omega$ is $C^{1,1}$ as well. In the Riemannian setting a similar result is much harder to prove. On the other hand, by exploiting the technique of \cite{AKS} and suitably changing the metric near the boundary, we can reduce to the case where the distance from the boundary, in the Riemannian metric, is smooth enough since it coincides with the distance from the boundary in the Euclidean metric in a neighbourhood of $\partial\Omega$. We believe that such a construction, besides being crucial for the proof of our decay estimates, is of independent interest and is one of the major achievement of the paper. The major part of the construction is contained in Proposition~\ref{viceversaprop} and Theorem~\ref{AKSmethod}, with one interesting application developed in Proposition~\ref{normalderivativelemma}. Our argument is based on the notion of frequency, which we essentially take from \cite{Gar-Lin1}, and which is given by $$N(d)=\frac{D(d)}{H(d)}\qquad\text{where }H(d)=\int_{\partial\Omega^d}\gamma u^2\, d\sigma.$$ We note that $N(0)$ is of the same order of the frequency of the boundary datum $f$. We need to compute the derivative of $D$ and of $H$, a task we perform following the analogous computations of \cite{Gar-Lin1}. In particular, for $D'(d)$ we use the coarea formula and a suitable version of the Rellich identity which is given in Lemma~\ref{Rellichid}. Instead, we compute $H'(d)$ by a straightforward application of Proposition~\ref{normalderivativelemma}. The proof of \eqref{mainestintrobis} follows analogous lines of that of \eqref{mainestintro} by replacing $D$ with $H$ and $H$ with $$E(d)=\int_{\Omega^d}\gamma u^2.$$ However there are some additional technical difficulties to be taken care of, see the proof of

>Dive Destinations>Belize>Ambergris Caye Ambergris Options Ambergris Caye Resorts Steve and Becky's Ramon's Village Resort Portofino Beach Resort Your Guide to Diving in Ambergris Caye Belize Dive Adventures ...Highlights: turtles, non diving activities... ...Ambergris Caye's diving environment: beginner divers... The biggest of the offshore cays, Ambergris Caye is a great place to stay if you wish to base yourself in a resort within easy reach of the dive sites of Belize's barrier reef - the second largest barrier reef in the world. The reef runs for 25 miles (40 km) almost parallel to the shore at an average distance of about half a mile (1 km) out to sea. The whole of the east coast of Ambergris features 'spur and groove' reefs - long reef fingers that jut out on the ocean side of the main barrier reef, perpendicular to the coastline. These finger rolls create a profusion of gullies, canyons, ledges, tunnels and caverns that offer refuge for marine creatures and for scuba divers to explore. To the south of the island there runs a line of small cayes and reefs inside of which you will find well-protected shallow water that offers some good diving. Shark Ray Alley is here and is rated one of the Caribbean's best animal dives and is, unsurprisingly, a great site for encounters with sharks and rays, as well as many other species. The animals come here to profit from fishing boats' scraps tossed overboard, so they are not shy, resulting in some excellent photo opportunities. The many marine parks here mean that fishing restrictions are in place in several areas. Hol Chan Marine Reserve, aka 'The Cut', is one such small marine reserve popular among divers from Ambergris Caye. It promises an easy dive with pelagics such as barracuda in the depths and often large animals in the shallow seagrass beds like sharks and rays. There are a number of different ecosytems to be found here so the species variety is wider than may be found elsewhere in Belize, although fish populations are not as large. You can expect mangrove cayes, coral reefs, seagrass beds and lagoons, all offering something different. Sponges and fans dominate the underwater landscape at many of the dive sites, swaying in the gentle surge. The reef itself is in good health, but there are few hard coral species since their delicate structure is unable to withstand the occasional hurricane that blows through here. The diving at Ambergris Caye is simple and has enough interesting sites and marine life encounters to keep beginners enthralled. It will appeal to casual divers that want to make just a few dives while on vacation, enjoying the sights, sounds and tourist attractions of Belize and the fun of San Pedro. More experienced divers who want to sample the best diving that Belize has to offer should rather consider visiting Lighthouse Reef or Turneffe Atoll. Hol Chan (The Cut), Hol Chan Marine Reserve This was the first area in Belize to be designated as a marine reserve. Since gaining this status in 1987, the once depleted fish stocks have returned in spectacular fashion. Located just 4 miles (6 km) southeast of San Pedro, this dive site, although very shallow, is not to be missed. The marine reserve is 4 miles (6 km) south of San Pedro and encompasses an area of 5 miles² (16 km²) that includes the barrier reef, sea grass flats, mangrove areas and the center-piece cut in the barrier reef. An entry fee of BZ$ 5 helps cover maintenance and enforcement costs. Mooring buoys have been installed and rangers are always on hand to enforce the no-take policy resulting in a wonderful site for both scuba divers and snorkelers alike. The cut itself is about 9m deep and the occasionally strong tidal currents of Ambergris Caye provide a constant stream of food for the waiting filter feeders like the gorgonian sea fans and sponges that adorn the walls of the reef, which rises to the surface on either side sheltering turtles, crabs, morays and hundreds of small reef fish. Out in the main flow, permits and tarpon can be found in mid-water. Schools of grunts, sailor's choice, dog snapper and cubera snapper, black groupers and large concentrations of schoolmasters aggregate along the channel walls. As an advanced diver, you can venture out to the drop-off and sometimes be rewarded with sightings of eagle rays and schooling southern sennet. If the current is strong, you would be advised to use the irregular topography of the bottom and channel walls to hide from the main flow. Darting from slack to slack can be immense fun but weaker swimmers should make this dive at slack tide for a more relaxed experience. Mexico Rocks Marked on land by a former coconut plantation, this popular huddle of coral heads lies just 20 minutes from San Pedro, in the north of Ambergris, and directly in front of Portofino Dive Resort. Protected from the ocean by the barrier reef, this shallow dive site rarely has any current. If you haven't blown bubbles for a while, this is the perfect opportunity to brush up on your skills. Shallow and with good visibility, Mexico Rocks is a great spot for photographers to play around with their composition, and for snorkelers to watch the divers beneath. Although not quite up to the standard of the barrier reef, the 10 to 13ft (3-4m) high colonies of boulder corals reach almost to the surface and give refuge to a variety of marine life. Stingrays and occasionally sleeping nurse sharks are found with their heads wedged into the coral. Flame scallops, azure vase sponges, sea fans, and black beauties, queen triggerfish and yellowheaded wrasse add color to the site. A slow careful sweep of the sand flats can bring its own rewards. Burrowing urchins, conch shells, hermit crabs, clams and minute mysid shrimp offer excellent opportunities for macro photography. The outside of the reef is completely different with dramatic canyons and walls scything their way through the coral formations. Horse-eye jacks, barracuda and Nassau groupers patrol this area hoping to catch the smaller reef fish unawares. Lobster and spider crabs lay claim to the holes in the reef and at around 33ft (10m) there is cave, home to hundreds of baby snappers who stare nervously out at you as you cruise slowly past. Close by the Mexico Rocks is Mexico Tunnel, a site that features a 130ft (40m) long 'tunnel' between 2 reef spurs in about 65ft (20m) of water. This site is great for divers that have not made penetration dives before since the tunnel is really more of a deep gully than an enclosed tunnel. There is lots of light penetration from above and several escape routes. Here you will find longspine squirrelfish, tiger grouper and hogfish in the groove recesses. Once you exit the tunnel, you'll make your way back up the same spurs to the mooring line. Here you might spot blue tangs, foureye butterflyfish or the rather splendid queen angelfish amongst the soft corals and small gorgonian fans. Trumpetfish hunt furtively along the reef bed, or occasionally hang vertical and motionless, mimicking the sea fans in a bid to capture inattentive prey. Punta Arenas (Small Cut) The main attraction of this dive site is a narrow, snaking 82ft (25m) tunnel. Starting at the triangular entrance at the base of the coral reef, at first glance the entrance seems wide and accommodating, easily enough room for 2 divers, but as you penetrate further into the tunnel it narrows and only single file is possible. The bottom of the tunnel is composed of sand so, apart from a few small sections where the tunnel is dark, loss of visibility is not a great concern but be careful to avoid contact with the red algae growing on the walls; the

(or simply $FU^n$) the subset of all maximal ${\mathcal{O}}$-lattices and the ${\mathcal{O}}$-lattice $\{0\}$. $U^n$ and $FU^n$ can be turned in ${\mathbb{T}}$-semimodules by means of the following operations: $\oplus : U^n \times U^n {\longrightarrow} U^n \hspace*{2cm} L \oplus M = \Span_{\mathcal{O}}(L \cup M)$ $\odot : {\mathbb{T}} \times U^n {\longrightarrow} U^n \hspace*{2.25cm} x \odot L = z L\mbox{, where }z \in {\mathbb{F}}, \tau(z) = x$ The associated tropical projective spaces will be denoted by ${\mathbb{P}}(U^n({\mathbb{F}})) = P^{n-1}({\mathbb{F}})$ and ${\mathbb{P}}(FU^n({\mathbb{F}})) = FP^{n-1}({\mathbb{F}})$. We will simply write $P^{n-1}$ and $FP^{n-1}$ when the field ${\mathbb{F}}$ is understood. As we said there is a natural action $GL_n({\mathbb{F}})\times V {\longrightarrow} V$. Every element $A\in GL_n({\mathbb{F}})$ sends ${\mathcal{O}}$-lattices in ${\mathcal{O}}$-lattices, hence we have an induced action $GL_n({\mathbb{F}})\times U^n {\longrightarrow} U^n$. This action preserves the rank of a lattice, and in particular it sends $FU^n$ in itself. Among the ${\mathcal{O}}$-lattices with the same rank this action is transitive, for example there exist an $A \in GL_n({\mathbb{F}})$ sending every maximal ${\mathcal{O}}$-lattice of $V$ in the standard lattice ${\mathcal{O}}^n \subset V$. Hence the group $SL_n({\mathbb{F}})$ acts naturally on $U^n$ and $FU^n$ by tropical linear maps and on $P^{n-1}$ and $FP^{n-1}$ by tropical projective maps. \subsection{Description} Let ${\mathcal{E}}=(e_1, \dots, e_n)$ be a basis of $V$. We denote by $\varphi_{\mathcal{E}}:{\mathbb{T}}^n {\longrightarrow} U^n$ the map: $$\varphi_{\mathcal{E}}(y)=\varphi_{\mathcal{E}}(y^1,\dots,y^n) = I_{y^1}e_1 + \dots + I_{y^n}e_n = \Span_{\mathcal{O}}(t_{y^1}e_1, \dots t_{y^n}e_n)$$ \begin{proposition} \label{corol:olattices} Let $<e_1, \dots, e_m>$ be a ${\mathcal{O}}$-basis of an ${\mathcal{O}}$-lattice $L$, and let $p_i \in {\mathbb{F}}$. Then: \begin{enumerate} \item $p_i e_i \in L$ $\Leftrightarrow$ $p_i \in {\mathcal{O}}$ $\Leftrightarrow$ $\tau(p_i) \leq 0$. \item $<p_1 e_1, \dots p_n e_n>$ is an ${\mathcal{O}}$-basis of $L$ $\Leftrightarrow$ $p_i \in {\mathcal{O}} \setminus m$ $\Leftrightarrow$ $\tau(p_i) = 0$. \end{enumerate} \end{proposition} \begin{proof} It follows from the properties of valuations. \end{proof} This proposition implies that $\varphi_{\mathcal{E}}$ is injective and $\varphi_{\mathcal{E}}(F{\mathbb{T}}^n) \subset FU^n$. For every basis ${\mathcal{E}}$ we have a different map $\varphi_{\mathcal{E}}$. The union of the images of all these maps is the whole $U^n$, and the union of all the sets $\varphi(F{\mathbb{T}}^n)$ is equal to $FU^n$. We will call the maps $\varphi_{\mathcal{E}}$ \nuovo{tropical charts} for $U^n$. Theorem \ref{teo:charts} will justify this name. Note that the charts respect the partial order relations on ${\mathbb{T}}^n$ and on $U^n$: $$x \preceq y \Leftrightarrow \varphi(x) \subset \varphi(y)$$ \begin{lemma} \label{lemma:common basis} Let $L,M \subset V$ be two ${\mathcal{O}}$-lattices, and suppose that $L$ is maximal. Then there is a basis $v_1,\dots,v_n$ of $L$ and scalars $a_1,\dots,a_n \in {\mathbb{F}}$ such that $a_1 v_1, \dots a_n v_n$ is a basis of $M$. \end{lemma} \begin{proof} Fix a basis $e_1,\dots,e_n$ of $V$ such that $L = \Span_{\mathcal{O}}(e_1,\dots,e_n)$. Let $f_1,\dots, f_n$ be a basis of $M$. For every vector $f_i$ there is a scalar $b_i\in {\mathbb{F}}$ such that $b_i f_i \in L$. Then, if $b_i$ is the one with maximal valuation, $b_i M \subset L$. The thesis follows by applying \cite[corol. II.3.2]{MS84} to the ${\mathcal{O}}$-modules $L$ and $b_i M$. \end{proof} \begin{corollary} \label{corol:common chart} Given two points $x,y \in U^n$, there is a tropical chart containing both of them in its image. \end{corollary} Given two bases ${\mathcal{E}}=(e_1,\dots,e_n)$ and ${\mathcal{F}}=(f_1,\dots,f_n)$, we have two charts $\varphi_{\mathcal{E}}, \varphi_{\mathcal{F}}$. We want to study the intersection of the images. We put $I=\varphi_{\mathcal{E}}({\mathbb{T}}^n) \cap \varphi_{\mathcal{F}}({\mathbb{T}}^n)$, $I_{\mathcal{E}} = \varphi_{\mathcal{E}}^{-1}(I)$, $I_{\mathcal{F}} = \varphi_{\mathcal{F}}^{-1}(I)$. We want to describe the sets $I_{\mathcal{F}},I_{\mathcal{E}}$ and the \nuovo{transition function}: $\varphi_{{\mathcal{F}}{\mathcal{E}}}=\varphi_{\mathcal{F}}^{-1} \circ \varphi_{\mathcal{E}}: I_{\mathcal{E}} {\longrightarrow} I_{\mathcal{F}}$. The transition matrices between ${\mathcal{E}}$ and ${\mathcal{F}}$ are denoted by $A=(a^i_j),B=(b^i_j)\in GL_n({\mathbb{F}})$: $$\forall j: e_j=\sum_i a^i_j f_i \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \forall j: f_j=\sum_i b^i_j e_i \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ A=B^{-1}$$ We will write $\alpha=A^\tau$ and $\beta=B^\tau$, i.e. $\alpha=(\alpha^i_j)=(\tau(a^i_j))$, $\beta=(\beta^i_j)=(\tau(b^i_j))$. \begin{theorem}[{[Description of the tropical charts]}] \label{teo:charts} We have that $I_{\mathcal{F}} = D_{\alpha\beta}$ and $I_{\mathcal{E}} = D_{\beta\alpha}$, the inversion domains described in proposition \ref{prop:inversion domains}. Moreover $\varphi_{{\mathcal{F}}{\mathcal{E}}}=\alpha_{|I_{\mathcal{E}}}$ and $\varphi_{{\mathcal{E}}{\mathcal{F}}}=\beta_{|I_{\mathcal{F}}}$, the tropicalizations of the transition matrices. \end{theorem} \begin{proof} First, we need to prove the following two assertions: \begin{enumerate} \item $\varphi_{\mathcal{E}}(y)\subset \varphi_{\mathcal{F}}(x) \Leftrightarrow \alpha(y) \preceq x$ and $\varphi_{\mathcal{F}}(x)\subset \varphi_{\mathcal{E}}(y) \Leftrightarrow \beta(x) \preceq y$. \item $\varphi_{\mathcal{F}}(x)=\varphi_{\mathcal{E}}(y) \Leftrightarrow x=\alpha(y) \mbox{ and } y=\beta(x) $. \end{enumerate} Let $w = \sum_i w^i f_i \in {\mathbb{F}}^n$. Then: $w\in\Span_{\mathcal{O}}(f_1,\dots,f_n) \Leftrightarrow \forall i: w^i \in {\mathcal{O}} \Leftrightarrow \forall i: \tau(w^i)\leq 1_{\mathbb{T}}$ $t_y w\in \varphi_{\mathcal{F}}(x) \Leftrightarrow \forall i: \frac{t_y w^i}{t_{x^i}}\in{\mathcal{O}} \Leftrightarrow \forall i: \tau(w^i)\leq x^i-y$ $\varphi_{\mathcal{E}}(y) \subset \varphi_{\mathcal{F}}(x) \Leftrightarrow \forall j:t_{y^j}e_j \in \varphi_{\mathcal{F}}(x)\Leftrightarrow \forall j,i: \tau(a^i_j)\leq x^i-y^j$ $\varphi_{\mathcal{F}}(x) \subset \varphi_{\mathcal{E}}(y) \Leftrightarrow \forall j,i: \tau(b^i_j)\leq y^i-x^j$ Then we have: $$\varphi_{\mathcal{E}}(y) = \varphi_{\mathcal{F}}(x) \Leftrightarrow \forall j,i: \tau(b^i_j)\leq y^i-x^j \leq -\tau(a^j_i)$$ $$\Leftrightarrow \forall j,i: \tau(b^i_j)+x^j \leq y^i \leq -\tau(a^j_i)+x^j$$ $$ \Leftrightarrow \forall i: \max_j(\tau(b^i_j)+x^j) \leq y^i \leq \min_j(-\tau(a^j_i)+x^j)$$ $$\Leftrightarrow \forall i: \bigoplus_j (\beta^i_j \odot x^j) \leq y^i \leq \min_j(x^j-\alpha^j_i) \Leftrightarrow \forall i: {(\beta(x))}^i \leq y^i \leq {(\alpha^{pi}(x))}^i$$ The map $\varphi_{\mathcal{E}}$ is injective, hence, given a fixed $x$, if an $y$ satisfying the last condition exists, it has to be unique. Then the interval in which its coordinates are free to vary must degenerate to a single point. Then we have: $$\varphi_{\mathcal{E}}(y) = \varphi_{\mathcal{F}}(x) \Leftrightarrow \beta(x)=y=\alpha^{pi}(x)$$ We can prove the symmetric equalities reversing the roles of ${\mathcal{E}}$ and ${\mathcal{F}}$. Now we look at $\varphi_{\mathcal{F}}^{-1}(I) = \{x\in{\mathbb{T}}^n \ |\ \exists y \in {\mathbb{T}}^n: \varphi_{\mathcal{E}}(y) = \varphi_{\mathcal{F}}(x)\}$. We have $$x \in \varphi_{\mathcal{F}}^{-1}(I) \Leftrightarrow \exists y: \forall i: \max_j(\beta^i_j+x^j) \leq y^i \leq \min_j(-\alpha^j_i+x^j)$$ $$\Leftrightarrow \forall i: \max_j(\beta^i_j+x^j) \leq \min_j(-\alpha^j_i+x^j) \Leftrightarrow \forall i,k,h: \beta^i_k+x^k \leq -\alpha^h_i+x^h$$ $$\Leftrightarrow \forall i,k,h: x^h-x^k\geq \beta^i_k+\alpha^h_i \Leftrightarrow \forall k,h: x^h-x^k \geq \oplus_i(\alpha^h_i \odot \beta^i_k)$$ \end{proof} \section{Tropical projective spaces as metric spaces} \label{sec:metric spaces} \subsection{Finitely generated semimodules} Free semimodules have the usual universal property: let $M$ be a ${\mathbb{T}}$-semimodule, and $v_1, \dots, v_n \in M$. Then there is a linear map: \begin{center} \vspace{0.2cm} \begin{tabular}{ccc} ${\mathbb{T}}^n$ & ${\longrightarrow}$ & $\Span_{\mathbb{T}}(v_1,\dots,v_n)$\\ \\ $c$ & ${\longrightarrow}$ & $c^1 \odot v_1 \oplus \dots \oplus c^n \odot v_n$ \end{tabular} \vspace{0.2cm} \end{center} This map sends $e_i$ in $v_i$ and its image is $\Span_{\mathbb{T}}(v_1,\dots,v_n)$. Hence every finitely generated ${\mathbb{T}}$-semimodule is the image of a free ${\mathbb{T}}$-semimodule. In the following we will need some properties of finitely generated semimodules over ${\mathbb{T}}_{\mathbb{R}}$, so for this section we will suppose ${\mathbb{T}} = {\mathbb{T}}_{\mathbb{R}}$. First we want to discuss a pathological example we prefer to neglect. Consider the following equivalence relation on ${\mathbb{T}}^2$: $$(x^1,x^2) \sim (y^1,y^2) \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l} x^1 < x^2, y^1 < y^2 \mbox{ and } x^2 = y^2\\ or\\ x^1 \geq x^2, y^1 \geq y^2 \mbox{ and } x^1 = y^1 \end{array} \right.$$ \begin{figure}[htbp] \begin{center} \includegraphics[height=4.9cm]{equiv_class} \caption{Two examples of equivalence classes for the relation defining the quotient module $B$: $\{ x^2 = 2, x^1 < 2\}$ and $\{ x^1 = 1, x^2 \leq x^1\}$.} \label{fig:equiv_class} \end{center} \end{figure} The quotient for this relation will be denoted by $B$. If $a\sim a'$ and $b\sim b'$, then $a\oplus b = a' \oplus b'$ and $\lambda \odot a = \lambda \odot a'$. Hence the operations $\oplus$, $\odot$ induces operations on $B$, turning it in a finitely generated ${\mathbb{T}}$-semimodule. We will denote the equivalence classes in the following way: if $(x^1,x^2)$ satisfies $x^1 < x^2$ we will denote its class as $[(\cdot,x^2)]$, if $x^1 \geq x^2$ we will denote its class as $[(x^1,\cdot)]$. The $\odot$ operation act as $$\lambda\odot [(\cdot,x^2)] = [(\cdot,\lambda\odot x^2)]$$ and analogously for the other classes. The $\oplus$ operation acts as $$[(\cdot,x^2)] \oplus [(\cdot,y^2)] = [(\cdot,x^2 \oplus y^2)]$$ $$[(x^1,\cdot)] \oplus [(y^1,\cdot)] = [(x^1 \oplus y^1),\cdot]$$ $$[(x^1,\cdot)] \oplus [(\cdot,x^2)] = [(x^1,x^2)]$$ If we put on the quotient a topology making the projection continuous, then the point $[(x^1,\cdot)]$ is not closed, as its closure must contain the point $[(\cdot,x^1)]$. We define a ${\mathbb{T}}$-semimodule to be \nuovo{separated} if it does not contain any submodule isomorphic to $B$. We will see in the following section that every separated ${\mathbb{T}}$-semimodule has a natural metrizable topology making all linear maps continuous. Examples of separated ${\mathbb{T}}$-semimodules are all free semimodules (as there exists no submodule in ${\mathbb{T}}^n$ whose associated projective space has exactly two points) and the semimodules $U^n$ (as every two points in $U^n$ are in the image of the same tropical chart, hence in a submodule isomorphic to ${\mathbb{T}}^n$). \begin{lemma} Let $M$ be a ${\mathbb{T}}$-semimodule and let $f:{\mathbb{T}}^2 {\longrightarrow} M$ be a linear map such that $f\pvettore{x^1\\x^2} = f\pvettore{y^1\\x^2} = m$ when $y^1 \leq x^1$. Then $\forall y \leq x^1: f\pvettore{y\\x^2} = m$. \end{lemma} \begin{proof} Case 1): If $y^1 \leq y \leq x^1$, then $\pvettore{y^1\\x^2} \preceq \pvettore{y\\x^2} \preceq \pvettore{x^1\\x^2}$. Linear maps

ROS levels increase, resulting in electron transport chain dysfunction and a drop in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)26. In addition, high levels of cellular ROS can sustain the activation of ERK, which is reportedly observed in senescent cells27. Hence we assessed the cellular ROS levels, MMP, and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) levels in the three monocytes subsets. The non-classical subset had a high level of total cellular ROS, which was similar to that of the intermediate subset but double that of the classical subset (Fig. 3a). A similar trend was observed for mitochondrial ROS (Fig. 3b). In line with the high ROS levels, the non-classical subset exhibited the lowest MMP, as measured by both DIOC6 and JC-1 compounds, which was followed by the intermediate subset, and then the classical subset (Figs. 3c, d). Finally, p-ERK levels in the non-classical subset were >3 times the level of the other two subsets (Fig. 3e). Together, these features indicate that non-classical monocytes comprise the most senescent subset, followed sequentially by the intermediate and then the classical subset. Figure 3: Non-classical monocytes exhibit several features of senescence. SASP is the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors into the microenvironment by a senescent cell. These factors include growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, proteases and extra-cellular matrix components16. We therefore assessed the basal cytokine secretion profile of the three monocyte subsets. Monocytes were sorted (by FACS) into three subsets and cultured overnight. The non-classical subset secreted the highest levels of TNF-α, CCL3, CCL4, while IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and CCL5 were secreted at equally high levels in both the intermediate and non-classical subsets (Fig. 4). Notably, the classical subset secreted low levels of all these cytokines compared to the two CD16+ subsets. To see the effects of SASP of monocytes in vivo, we screened 20 healthy volunteers for the levels of SASP cytokines in their plasma and correlated them with the count of non-classical monocytes in the blood. We found that three cytokines, IL-8, CCL4, and CCL3, showed a positive correlation with the number of non-classical monocytes in the blood (Fig. 5). Together, these data suggest that the two CD16+ subsets exhibit a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype reminiscent of SASP, and the presence of more non-classical monocytes may contribute to an increase in blood plasma levels of cytokines. Figure 4: Non-classical and intermediate monocytes secrete high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines basally. Figure 5: Plasma levels of cytokines correlate with non-classical monocyte count in the blood. We next investigated the mechanistic pathway leading to SASP in monocytes. As NF-κB is a transcription factor for many pro-inflammatory cytokines and the main inducer of SASP28, we assessed the basal activation level of NF-κB (p65) in the three monocyte subsets. Indeed, the non-classical subset expressed the highest levels of both total (Figs. 6a, b) and, more importantly, phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) compared to the other two subsets (Fig. 6c). Figure 6: Non-classical and intermediate monocytes express high levels of NF-κB (p65) and membrane-bound IL-1α. IL-1α is reported to be the upstream regulator of NF-κB, which induces SASP in human fibroblasts. But instead of being secreted, IL-1α is bound to the cell membrane of senescent human fibroblasts29. We thus explored IL-1α as a possible SASP inducer in the monocytes. Indeed, secretion of IL-1α by all three monocyte subsets was minimal (Fig. 6d). Instead, membrane-bound IL-1α was detected on all three monocyte subsets, with the highest level found on the non-classical subset, followed by the intermediate and then the classical subset (Fig. 6e). Interestingly, the cytoplasmic levels of IL-1α were opposite to the membrane levels of IL-1α, with the non-classical subset exhibiting the lowest level cytoplasmic IL-1α of the three subsets (Fig. 6f), suggesting that the majority of IL-1α produced by the non-classical subset has been preferentially transported to the cell membrane. Together, these results indicate that the IL-1α–SASP pathway is active in the non-classical subset. We next investigated if treatment with IL-1α could induce SASP in the classical monocytes. Indeed, we found that recombinant human (rh) IL-1α treatment induced a robust dose-dependent increase in the production of SASP cytokines, mainly TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in the classical subset (Fig. 7). The intermediate and non-classical subsets showed only a modest response to the IL-1α treatment. As these two subsets already exhibit SASP, we speculate that the pathway is saturated and thus cannot be further induced. Figure 7: Classical monocytes can be induced to exhibit senescence-associated secretory phenotype following exposure to rh IL-1α. We also wanted to determine whether we could inhibit the SASP of the non-classical monocytes by interfering with the IL-1α pathway. To this aim, we used an rh IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) or an anti-IL-1α neutralizing antibody. IL-1Ra binds IL-1R, making the receptor unavailable for binding IL-1α, without activating the IL-1α pathway, whereas the anti-IL-1α antibody sequesters unbound IL-1α and prevents it from binding to the receptor. Unfortunately, treatment with either rh IL-1Ra or anti-IL-1α had no effect in reducing SASP in the non-classical subset (Supp Fig. S2 and S3). These data suggests that once the IL-1α pathway has been activated, it cannot be easily inhibited. Senescent cells accumulate with age15, and are thought to contribute to "inflamm-aging"—a chronic, low-level systemic inflammation observed in the elderly30. We thus hypothesized that the non-classical subset accumulates in the elderly. We recruited 30 healthy, young volunteers aged 22–35 years, and 30 healthy, elderly volunteers aged > 55 years old. In terms of percentage of total monocytes, we found no significant difference in all three subsets between the young and the elderly cohorts (Fig. 8a). However, in terms of monocyte count per volume blood, the elderly showed an increase in all three subsets, especially in the non-classical subset (p = 0.002) (Fig. 8b). We next investigated if the accumulation of non-classical monocytes in the elderly would lead to a higher level of SASP cytokines in the plasma. Indeed, the level of cytokines in the plasma of the elderly was generally higher (Supp Fig. S4), with the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 being significantly higher (Fig. 8c). These data show that senescent monocytes indeed accumulate in the elderly and could contribute to changes in the blood cytokine levels. Figure 8: The elderly has higher non-classical monocyte count and plasma level of SASP cytokines. MiR-146a is a principal negative regulator of the TLR signalling pathway. In monocytic cell lines, up-regulation of miR-146a alone is sufficient to inhibit the response to LPS stimulation, while knockdown alone can restore the response31. However, we saw that the high miR-146a level in the non-classical monocytes, compared to the intermediate and classical monocytes, did not inhibit their response to LPS (Fig. 1); instead, the non-classical monocytes exhibited the greatest response to LPS. This indicated that the high basal expression of miR-146a in non-classical monocytes may have other functions. Indeed, numerous studies have shown that miR-146a is a marker of cellular senescence in various cell types10,11,12. Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible proliferative arrest in response to diverse stresses13. We found that the non-classical monocytes are the least proliferative subset, expressing the lowest level of Ki67 (Fig. 2), supporting the notion that non-classical monocytes are senescent. We also saw that the non-classical monocytes have the shortest telomere length, indicating that they have undergone more replications than the other two subsets. Although monocytes are generally perceived to be non-proliferative cells, transcriptomic profiling data suggested that classical monocytes are proliferative and anti-apoptotic, compared to the intermediate and non-classical subsets21,22. Additionally, the existence of a "proliferative monocyte" population in vitro was reported, and this population was identified as CD16− classical monocytes23. As the concept of a senescent subset of monocytes is rather novel, we used a combination of markers to comprehensively profile the cells, namely ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential and p-ERK levels (Figs. 2, 3). Altogether, these markers indicated that there was a progressive transition towards senescence from the classical

Michael Sebastian · July 3, 2016 · 10 Comments Globalism versus nationalism. It used to be that you'd rarely hear these terms but today it is not uncommon to hear journalists use these terms. Even American political candidates are using the terms. But who are the globalists? And what do they stand for? What is globalism? Sociologists Martin Albrow and Elizabeth King defined globalization as "all those processes by which the peoples of the world are incorporated into a single world society." In other words, it is gradually tending away from the nation-state toward a single world government. The reason that globalists want to get rid of national borders is because global corporations and their owners view borders as artificial boundaries that get in the way of trade. National borders make it more expensive to manufacture their products in other countries. If you get rid of the borders, there is only one government to negotiate with and there is one huge global market. Another problem with borders, from a globalist perspective, is that they inhibit free movement of labor. Globalists think of humans as fungible economic units—workers are just another resource that goes into making goods or providing services. Another word for this philosophy is neoliberalism. It is the idea that free trade is the most important value. Globalism is the norm Globalism is the orthodoxy of our day. The leaders of virtually every western nation are globalists. It is the editorial position of every major newspaper. The majority of CEOs are globalists. Every western university pushes globalist ideas. There's a good reason for this: Globalization is a great money making machine for the globalist elite. They own the companies that cheaply manufacture things in third world countries and sell them to consumers in the first world. They want to keep the gravy train running. The heresy today is nationalism. Nationalism is the idea that the government of a country should do what is best to benefit the citizens of that country—not the multinational corporations who might have an office there. The downsides of globalism There are some upsides of globalization. It means your iPhone is cheaper than if it was made in the US. But there are also some downsides. Second rate goods and services. Having your stuff manufactured in the third world means your stuff might be cheaper, but it also might mean that your stuff is substandard. Back in 2007, many dogs and cats were poisoned by eating food that was made in China. The manufacturer was getting around the protein requirements but putting melamine, a chemical used in foam insulation, into the pet food. This will become a bigger concern as more and more of our food is imported from places where the rule of law takes a back seat to the rule of profits. Globalization destroys culture. Distinctive culture needs homogenous societies to develop in. Globalization increases diversity which throws cultures together into a hodge podge. The result is that the only common culture is consumerism. Globalization increases distrust. Another byproduct of diversity is that it increases distrust among people. This makes them less likely to be civically minded: [A] massive new study, based on detailed interviews of nearly 30,000 people across America, has concluded just the opposite. Harvard political scientist Robert Putnam — famous for "Bowling Alone," his 2000 book on declining civic engagement — has found that the greater the diversity in a community, the fewer people vote and the less they volunteer, the less they give to charity and work on community projects. In the most diverse communities, neighbors trust one another about half as much as they do in the most homogenous settings. The study, the largest ever on civic engagement in America, found that virtually all measures of civic health are lower in more diverse settings. "The extent of the effect is shocking," says Scott Page, a University of Michigan political scientist. Globalization has made the middle class of western nations poorer while enriching the global elite and the middle class of Asia as shown in this chart below, which is from Harvard Business Review. This effect is so pronounced that Heartiste has summarized this formula as Diversity + Proximity = War. He's even compiled a reference list for readers who may doubt its pernicious effect. Decadent culture. The global elites own the media, including Hollywood. They use the media to push decadent culture upon us. Promiscuity, drunkenness, divorce, and every type of sexual relationship except traditional marriage are the standard messages of the media. Why would the elite want to encourage the middle and lower classes to be decadent? Because it weakens us. If we are busy drinking, fornicating, and watching brain dead entertainment, we are less likely to realize that our standard of living is declining. We are less likely to wake up and realize that our government does not serve us, but the global elite. How globalism is presented to ordinary people Of course if you told people that the true purpose of globalism was to make really wealthy people even wealthier, most people would not support it. So they've used marketing to make this stinker seem palatable to the masses. They've used two messages. First, they tell us that globalism means bringing the people of the world together. Globalism is that Coke commercial from the 70s. It's going to be wonderful. Everyone will love everyone else. Now, the only possible reason you could oppose this wonderful harmony is if you are some sort of impossibly evil racist. And that is exactly what you will be called if you oppose globalism. The people of the UK who supported Brexit were called racists. The same goes for Trump supporters. The second way they try to sell globalism is aimed at the more intellectual economist types. They say that the globalism is the most efficient way of distributing goods and services. I am acquaintances with several libertarians who work at think tanks like Cato. These men are true believers in the globalist, neoliberal agenda. They themselves are not part of the global elite, but they diligently spread the message. Lenin would have called these guys, "useful idiots." They push the message to the masses and in exchange they receive a comfortable, easy, but not outrageously wealthy life. So who are the globalists? The globalists are the very wealthy elites. They are "rootless cosmopolitans" who might live in one nation but who feel more connected to other of their class than the citizens of that nation. As Ross Douthat writes, these globalists are tribal: This species is racially diverse (within limits) and eager to assimilate the fun-seeming bits of foreign cultures — food, a touch of exotic spirituality. But no less than Brexit-voting Cornish villagers, our global citizens think and act as members of a tribe. While it is acceptable for the elite to be tribal, they will call anyone else who acts the same way they do a racist. The elite pretend that entry into the elite is based on merit—the best and brightest are welcome to join. In truth, tribal behavior means that certain groups are highly over represented within the elite. The elite helps their own. We don't know the names of most of these globalists. They are content to accumulate great wealth anonymously within banking or global finance. There are some who are known to us: Big money Hollywood types. Movies produced by Hollywood now earn more money internationally than they do in the US. Therefore, it is in their best interest to keep globalism in place so that they can sell more movies. By the way, Hollywood's desire to sell to other countries causes them to tone down any pro-American messages in their films. A picture is worth a 1,000 words. Compare the Wonder Woman of the 1970s with the Wonder Woman of today. Notice anything different? Wealthy founders

regards to the way to use this product for the best and safest results. The ingredients that make up the Epiq Heat GC formula include the EPIQ Weight Loss Blend, which is made of: garcinia cambogia fruit extract (500 mg), a green coffee blend (which is composed of green coffee bean extract), as well as the lychee and tea blend (which is composed of lychee fruit extract and green tea leaf extract). It also contains black pepper fruit extract. Overall, this is a completely unproven formula. There is some limited research that has been conducted on garcinia cambogia and green coffee bean extract, but most of the applause that has been given to these ingredients is media hype and not backed by science. In fact, a growing amount of research is starting to suggest that green coffee bean extract use could come with some rather nasty potential side effects, particularly when used over time. The green tea leaf extract does have some medical research support behind it. Patients with obesity have been known to lose some of their body mass when taking green tea leaf extract. That said, a large amount of this substance was used in those studies. The ingredients list for this product doesn't indicate how much green tea leaf extract was used in this product, so it is impossible to know whether the same amount was used in this product as there was in the studies. The black pepper fruit extract is known to be very effective for boosting the absorption of other ingredients. This entry was posted in Caffeine-Free Weight Loss Pills, Fat Burners Weight Loss Pills and tagged black pepper fruit, garcinia cambogia, green coffee, lychee on October 12, 2016 by admin. Lipo Femme from Miss BMP is a nonprescription dieting supplement that targets female dieters between the ages of 18 and 40 years old. The claim made on the official webpage for this product on the manufacturer's website is that it will not only help a user to lose weight but that it will also help her to "feel on top of the world at the same time". Though this product is marketed in the same way as diet pills, it is actually taken in the form of a beverage. It is sold as a powder which must be mixed water and consumed on an empty stomach. Each tub contains about 50 servings and makes a drink with a strawberry/kiwi flavor. Though this format may be appealing to people who struggle to be able to swallow pills, many might find it inconvenient to have to drink this beverage at the required times as a part of their daily lives. This product is made with stimulants so it cautions users not to take it within 7 hours of going to bed. Taking stimulants too close to bedtime can cause many people to struggle to fall asleep or to wake during the night. At the time of the writing of this review, the ingredients that made up the Lipo Femme formula from Miss BMP were: Taurine, Caffeine, Pouchong Tea Extract, Cacao Plant Extract, Raspberry Ketones, Garcinia Cambogia, Green Coffee Bean Extract, Green Tea Extract Grandular, Nandina Domestica (Fruit) Extract, Bitter Orange Peel Extract, Niacin, Naringen, Tetradium Extract, Juniper Berry, Natural & Artificial Strawberry & Kiwi Flavours, Colour(162), Sweeteners(950,955), Food Acid(331), Anti-Caking Agent(551). It is clear at a glance that this product is made of a combination of powerful stimulants as well as ingredients that have seen a lot of attention from the media in terms of hype, but that haven't seen much attention from the medical community in terms of studies that would prove their safety and effectiveness in directly causing measurable weight loss. Unfortunately, there are also some ingredients in this product which, when combined, have the potential to place some users at risk of unwanted medical hazards such as heart attack and stroke. This is particularly true in the combination of caffeine and synephrine (the latter of which is contained within the bitter orange peel extract). In the United States, the FDA has warned consumers against using that combination in their diet pills. This entry was posted in Fat Burners Weight Loss Pills, Non-Prescription Weight Loss Pills and tagged bitter orange peel extract, Cacao Plant Extract, caffeine, garcinia cambogia, Green Coffee Bean Extract, Green Tea Extract Grandular, Juniper Berry, Nandina Domestica, Naringen, niacin, Pouchong Tea Extract, Raspberry Ketones, Taurine, Tetradium Extract on February 26, 2016 by admin. Sliminex Green Coffee is an over the counter diet supplement that was once called simply "Sliminex", but is has recently completed an overhaul of its formula and, clearly, its name. This is a product that is sold primarily on its own website and, to a lesser extent, on some smaller supplement websites. There are very few third party sites that offer these supplements. The official website does provide a limited description of Sliminex Green Coffee, but it is clearly geared toward selling the product and not as much toward informing the user. There aren't any studies cited that would indicate that the formula, as a whole, has ever been tested, and the research conducted by the creators of the product wasn't identified, making it difficult to know whether the claims made about the ingredients are based on medical science or whether they are simply promises made by a company that is hoping to sell a product. The promises with regards to Sliminex Green Coffee state that taking this pill will give a user's body the "boost it needs for peak performance." It identifies benefits such as increased body and lean muscle mass, as well as higher energy levels and improved cardiovascular health maintenance, on top of a reduction in body fat as the ways that this "boost" will be provided. Overall, this means that this product would fall into the vast category of weight loss pills in the fat burner and metabolism booster categories. There are hundreds, if not thousands of pills that make similar types of claims. While some of them can be exceptionally helpful to dieters – particularly those that are following a reduced calorie and increased activity level strategy – others aren't nearly as good as they claim to be. For that reason, it is a good idea to understand the ingredients contained within a product such as this, before simply believing the manufacturer's promises. It is also a very good idea to speak with a licensed physician about the use of this product and whether or not it is safe and appropriate for you. At the time that this review was written, the ingredients that were listed in this product formula were: satiereal saffron extract, green coffee bean extract, trimethylxanthine, garcinia cambogia, raspberry ketone, green tea extract, konjac root, and L-carnitine. This makes it clear that this formula is based primarily on the effects of stimulants, and ingredients made popular by Dr. Oz, but that he has since said was a mistake to recommend. This entry was posted in Fat Blockers Weight Loss Pills, Fat Burners Weight Loss Pills and tagged garcinia cambogia, Green Coffee Bean Extract, green tea extract, konjac root, l-carnitine, raspberry ketone, satiereal saffron extract, trimethylxanthine on September 10, 2015 by admin. Bio-Trim is an over the counter diet pill that is made and sold by a large supplement manufacturer called Pharma Nord. That business produces many products within the weight loss and wellness categories and its claims about this specific product are that its users will find that they can lose weight with greater ease and efficiency. The marketing for these weight loss supplements suggests that they are to be used by dieters to help them to overcome the challenges that they are facing in their efforts to reduce their body fat. Pharma Nord explained on its website that by

tried to push their way inside the building before today's controversial vote. Eager to get inside to make their voices heard during the vote, they chanted and screamed "Let Us In" and "Shame" to guards standing at the door. Some pounded on the door's windows, others tried to sneak in through windows with the help of friends inside. The Capitol building was on total lockdown for almost two hours. We saw two Democratic legislators turned away at the door. Civil rights activist Jesse Jackson was also not allowed inside at first. The tension escalated quickly and for a moment it felt like the situation was going to erupt into fist-flying brawl between the officers and protesters. We were caught in the middle of the large swarm trying to barrel its way past police officers barricading one of many doors into the Capitol. A handful of livid protesters tried to rip the door open. One protester screamed in my ear "keep pushing forward, let's get in there." A couple of protesters were restrained by the Capitol police officers and pulled back before the scrum erupted into a more dangerous situation. A few video cameras captured the melee and several protesters, weary of how the fight would appear in the news media, started chanting "peaceful, peaceful, peaceful." Eventually the officers were able to push the crowd back and shut the door again and regain control of the heated moment. Later a few entrances were re-opened into the capitol building but many protesters are still saying that access to the capitol building is being denied. Post by: CNN's Ed Lavandera Filed under: Labor Wisconsin Assembly passes controversial labor bill The Wisconsin state Assembly on Thursday afternoon passed a controversial bill that curtails most state workers' collective bargaining rights, one day after state Senate Republicans used a technical procedure to get around the intentional absence of 14 Democrats and pass the measure in their chamber. Throngs of people upset at the developments have been protesting on the grounds of the Capitol throughout the day. The bill will reach Gov. Scott Walker's desk for final approval. The bill would, among other things, allow public workers to collectively negotiate wages only and bar unions from taking dues from public workers' checks. Walker has argued the bill is necessary to help the state correct its deficits and avoid massive layoffs and property tax hikes. Here is a running account of some of the latest developments: 5:02 p.m. ET: Detail on the vote: The Assembly passed the measure 53-42. 4:47 p.m. ET: The Assembly has passed the bill. 4:41 p.m. ET: The Assembly appears to be voting. 4:33 p.m. ET: Still debating the bill, Democrats in the state Assembly are arguing that the Senate's move to pass the measure yesterday was illegal in part because the bill still addresses fiscal matters. Senate Republicans, before passing the measure yesterday, stripped the bill of appropriations so that they could vote for the bill without a quorum. This way, they could vote without the presence of the 14 Democrats who fled the state. Assembly Democrats, however, are arguing that the measure still has changes in appropriations, inclduing a change in appropriations for a tax credit. 4:22 p.m. ET: Wisconsin Senate Majority Leader Scott Fitzgerald has received two death threats, Fitzgerald spokesman Andrew Welhouse said. Both threats were e-mailed from the same address, according to Welhouse. 4:04 p.m. ET: Although Democratic state Sen. Jim Holperin apparently is returning to Wisconsin, one of his fellow Democrats in the state Senate, Sen. Kathleen Vinehout, says she and other Senate Democrats are staying in Illinois. She says the matter of whether the Wisconsin Senate legally passed the measure last not hasn't been settled. She said that because the legality of the Senate's move last night still has to be determined, she and other Senate Democrats still will stay away from Wisconsin because they don't want to be forced to appear in the Senate to deal with the measure. Vinehout told CNN's Brooke Baldwin that she doesn't know where Holperin is, but she said that if he is on his way back to Wisconsin, he doesn't have the most current information. She added that the courts will need to decide whether yesterday's "legislative trickery" by Senate Republicans was legal. Filed under: Jobs • Labor • Wisconsin The vote drew howls of outrage from outside the chamber, where pro-union demonstrators chanted "Shame" and "You lied to Wisconsin" as the bill passed. Wisconsin vote gives rise to anger, satisfaction in social media sphere Are you there? Share photos and video of the protests, or your views on the issue with the CNN iReport community. "This is a date that will live in infamy." President Franklin D. Roosevelt's oft-quoted assessment of the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941 surfaced on Twitter Wednesday night, as reaction to the Wisconsin Senate's vote to pass proposed restrictions on collective bargaining for public employees began to flood the social media site. Accompanied by the hashtag, #AshWednesdayMassacre, the sentiment captured the anger and disbelief of many around the Wisconsin capitol - and in the Twitterverse - who feel that the Republicans manipulated the vote by stripping the budget bill of all things budget-related to get around the need for a quorum in the absence of 14 Democratic senators. The move, some believe, lays bare their true motive from the start: to gut the unions, pure and simple. "Either #Wisconsin GOPers just violated the constitution, or Scott Walker lied," the pro-labor publication Mother Jones said in another oft-retweeted sentiment. Not everyone's upset with the vote, which would bar public workers other than police and firefighters from bargaining collectively for anything other than wages, in what Walker and GOP lawmakers say will help close a $137 million budget shortfall. "wisconsin gop reminds unions that collective bargaining is a privilege, not a right," brooksbayne tweeted. Here's some more reaction to Wednesday's vote: "Nothing says democracy like voting with no notice, preventing the public from observing, and locking the doors of the capitol" - mirerony. "Still waiting for @BarackObama to stand the picket line as promised. This is class warfare of the worst kind." - ericming5 "Tonight #WI GOP showed their true aim: undermining workers' rights. I continue to stand in solidarity with #wiunion." - NancyPelosi "Hey, Governor KOCH! Some of your shareholders, err, constituents aren't too happy right now. That's bad business." - mariannesp "This is EXACTLY why we need collective bargaining. Would you trust these legislators to determine your working conditions?" - shankerblog "Repubs freaked out abt czars, but claim rt 2 dissolve towns. wht planet did I wake up on? Planet Plutocrat?" - XicanaMama "Furious beyond belief. What happens now? This can not be abided & will not be forgotten. It has only just begun." - HarryWaisbren "Has anyone else noticed that the state of #Wisconsin looks like a clenched fist?" - Red_Ben89 "Apparently Gov. Walker is giving up democracy for Lent." - blissfulfun "Since there don't appear to be any rules/laws in WI government now, let's skip the 1 year rule and recall Walker's ass right now." - AnnieRauh "Hey, things happen. RT @TeresaKopec: I guess the Kochs got their money's worth. And the middle class just got kicked in the teeth." - umarsattar Filed under: Labor • Protest • Wisconsin An e-mail exchange released by Gov. Scott Walker's office on Tuesday revealed a series of potential Republican concessions. E-mail exchange reveals Republican concessions in budget bill standoff An e-mail exchange released by Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker's office on Tuesday revealed a series of potential Republican concessions to a three-week stand-off over a budget bill that would restrict the collective bargaining rights of most public workers. The e-mails show a discussion between Walker's deputy chief of staff, Eric Schutt, and Democratic state Sens. Tim Cullen and Bob Jauch. Filed under: Gov. Scott Walker • Labor • Politics • Wisconsin Tired but undaunted, Wisconsin protesters continue to make themselves heard Francis Clark walked away from the Wisconsin capitol building

paul ryan for vice presidentr, "Romney Plan For A Stronger Middle Class", Can Paul Ryan deliver conservatives to mitt Romney, Can Paul Ryan deliver Wisconsin to Republicans, Can Paul Ryan win Wisconsin for Mitt Romney, election news, kempite, long list, Mitt romney vice presidential screening process, mitt Romney's short list, Paul Ryan, Paul Ryan bio, Paul Ryan Faith and Values Voters Summit speech, Paul Ryan for Vice President, Paul Ryan voting record, Paul Ryan youtube, Paul Ryan's public statements, possible republican vice presidential nominees, potential Republican vice presidential nominees, race for the white house, Rep. Paul Ryan, Republican, republican election news, republican vice president, republican vice presidential long list, Romney 2012, romney Paul Ryan 2012, Romney Plan For A Stronger Middle Class bus tour, Romney Ryan, Romney to announce his nominee at 9:oo am, Romney to name Paul Ryan as his running mate, romney uss wisconsin, romney's vice presidential screening process, the 2012 presidential election, veep watch, veepstaks, vetting a potential vice presidential nominee, Vice President Paul Ryan, Vice President Ryan, Vice president watch, vice presidential candidates, vice presidential choices, Vice presidential contenders, WH12, when will Romney announce his vice presidential running mate, White House 2012, white house 2012 republican vice presidential contenders, whitehouse12.com, who will mitt romney pick, who will mitt romney pick to be his running mate, who will Romney pick for vice president, will mitt Romney pick Paul Ryan, Will Paul Ryan be Mitt Romney's pick for Vice President, will Paul Ryan be on the republican presidential ticket, will Paul Ryan run for vice president, Wisconsin Representative Paul Ryan, wordpress political blogs | Leave a comment » Romney To Annouce Paul Ryan as His Vice Presidential Running Mate at 9:00 AM in Virginia Although it has not been confirmed that Mitt Romney will nominate Wisconsin Congressman Paul Ryan for Vice President, we do now know that he will be making his announcement at 9:00 am this morning in Norfolk, Virginia and that he will doing so on the USS Wisconsin. The announcement will come at the start of a 4 day campaign bus tour through four battleground states. The "Romney Plan For A Stronger Middle Class" bus tour was first scheduled weeks ago but the exact itinerary had not been released until now and in that itinerary may lie the answer to who Mitt Romney will be picking as his running mate. According to the Romney campaign the first event will take place at 8:45 AM EDT on the USS Wisconsin, which is docked in Norfolk. According to the schedule, Romney will be taking a tour of the USS Wisconsin. However, scheduling a "tour" of the USS Wisconsin, fifteen minutes before you are suppose to announce your vice presidential nominee might seem odd, unless of course the person who your are nominating for Vice President happens to be a Congressman from Wisconsin, such as Congressman Paul Ryan who has been rumored to be a top contender for the job on Romney's VP short list. For a list of other potential Romney VP nominees visit White House 2012's VP Contender Page. The latest White House 2012 poll regarding who readers would like to see Mitt Romney pick as his running mate found Marco Rubio heading the list with 23% of the vote, followed by Condoleezza Rice with 20%, and Florida Congressman Allen West at 18.%. In that same poll, Paul Ryan finished in sixth place with 7%, behind Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal who received 8% . See complete results of that poll below. Filed under: Mitt Romney, Paul Ryan | Tagged: 2012 Presidential Election, 2012 presidential election news, Anthony Del Pellegrino, "Romney Plan For A Stronger Middle Class", Can Paul Ryan deliver conservatives to mitt Romney, Can Paul Ryan deliver Wisconsin to Republicans, Can Paul Ryan win Wisconsin for Mitt Romney, election news, kempite, long list, Mitt romney vice presidential screening process, mitt Romney's short list, Paul Ryan, Paul Ryan bio, Paul Ryan Faith and Values Voters Summit speech, Paul Ryan for Vice President, Paul Ryan voting record, Paul Ryan youtube, Paul Ryan's public statements, possible republican vice presidential nominees, potential Republican vice presidential nominees, race for the white house, Rep. Paul Ryan, Republican, republican election news, republican vice president, republican vice presidential long list, Romney 2012, romney Paul Ryan 2012, Romney Plan For A Stronger Middle Class bus tour, Romney Ryan, Romney to announce his nominee at 9:oo am, Romney to name Paul Ryan as his running mate, romney uss wisconsin, romney's vice presidential screening process, the 2012 presidential election, veep watch, veepstaks, vetting a potential vice presidential nominee, Vice President Paul Ryan, Vice President Ryan, Vice president watch, vice presidential candidates, vice presidential choices, Vice presidential contenders, WH12, when will Romney announce his vice presidential running mate, White House 2012, white house 2012 republican vice presidential contenders, whitehouse12.com, who will mitt romney pick, who will mitt romney pick to be his running mate, who will Romney pick for vice president, will mitt Romney pick Paul Ryan, Will Paul Ryan be Mitt Romney's pick for Vice President, will Paul Ryan be on the republican presidential ticket, will Paul Ryan run for vice president, Wisconsin Representative Paul Ryan, wordpress political blogs | 1 Comment » Who Do You Want Mitt Romney to Pick for Vice President? As the race for President seems to have entered a perpetual state of boredom that is filled with a bumper sticker mentality of shallow stump speeches that offer little insight and a whole lot of repetitive pot shots and one liners, concerned voters find themselves left with but one last intriguing question —- who will Mitt Romney pick for Vice President? Aside from the actual election results, the question of who Romney will pick for Vice President is perhaps the only moment of suspense remaining in the campaign. And as such, who he picks could actually make more of a difference than it has in most of the presidential elections in our recent past. In fact, according to a CBS News/New York Times poll released last Wednesday, 74 percent of registered voters said that a candidate's running mate matters "a lot" or "somewhat" to their vote,(26 percent said that it matters a lot, while 48 percent said that it matters somewhat). At the same time, 25 percent said that it doesn't matter at all. However; that sentiment is often expressed at this point in every presidential election, but by the time Election Day rolls around, it is a sentiment that is usually proven wrong. Yet in the case of Mitt Romney and this extraordinarily polarized electorate, who he picks could make the difference between winning and losing.With swing states like Ohio, Florida, and Wisconsin at stake, Rob Portman, Marco Rubio, or Paul Ryan could add the percentage or two to the election result in their respective states that is responsible for putting Republicans over the top in the Electoral College.But with figures like former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice or New Mexico's Susana Martinez also on the list of possible contenders, the combination of their being women and being representative of different minority groups, has the potential to erode an important part of President Obama's base vote just enough to make a small difference in a multitude of states that Romney is currently considered less competitive in. What Romney is thinking is anyone's guess though and anyone who tells you otherwise is lying. The only thing we know for certain right now is that some names are less likely to be selected than others. Take Mitch Daniels for example. He's a highly successful and popular two term, conservative Governor of Indiana who I originally hoped would be our presidential nominee. With his command of matters of the budget and fiscal conservatism in general, he would be

NONFICTION – A Reason for White River by Therése Halscheid Published: March 1, 2016 August 30, 2016 By: Audrey Deng Category: Nonfiction A Reason for White River -to my deceased father The ramp wrapped like a ribbon. It looped round to where a local road ran perpendicular to it. At this T-junction a sign said White River. And there were choices for this white river. Two arrows pointed in opposite directions, one to the left and one to the right. It would be three miles either way. I took the right and meandered into a hamlet. Down from the grassy hillsides of Vermont, I reached a hidden location reflecting a life I used to know. There are places we can reach in no other way than by sensing. This happened quite a lot in ancient Japan. In ancient Japan, it could be that a master of haiku set out to do what is known as a ginko walk, which is to say he allowed his body to go freely across the surface of earth – to see what presents itself for a poem. What was found came often without expectation. I know about this way of creating because of my own walks for words. I know when roaming, the earth opens in ways you have to follow. It could be the sun through the trees or it could be successive waves of blowing grass, that offer revelations not readily explained. Just to say there is no feeling as assuring. Walking in silence, one connects to what appears. In the hamlet known as White River, I saw no water. What I happened upon was an Information Center blocked by a train. My car stopped before the crossbars and blinking signals, while the train sat on a section of track that cars needed to cross. I could see its long length bending round to where the horizon is born. I solved my predicament by pulling into a gravel lot. Stepping from my vehicle, I stretched in front of the giant ironclad beast. That's when you came to mind. Those few years I had, the privilege of, being your daughter…. I started to recall mornings of your leaving to work at the rail yard, where you drove cargo trains like this one I was standing beside. In a replay, I saw you walking out of the house carrying a tin briefcase, disappearing across the lawn, then fading, into memory again. An autumn night – / don't think your life / didn't matter. Here's a poem by Matsuo Basho, a Japanese haiku master of the 1600s. He wrote this three line haiku in memory of his own deceased relative – his nephew's wife. His poetic life first blossomed in the village of Edo, where a group of young men came to study with him. One of his students built for him a small house near the River Sumida. After, another gave him the gift of a banana tree – a species known as basho – that he was pleased by, and so started writing under the name. Although a burgeoning poet and teacher, he changed in his forties and set out to follow a timeless map, to become a hyohakush, someone who moves without direction. He discovered what I also discovered. That being, the outer world reflects the interior self. For a wanderer, each journey can be a voyage for inner discovery, to learn of the self by how one sees. So coming off the interstate I happened into this valley all aglow by the unobstructed sun. Its name: White River. All lit up by a sun, White River was. Except it was minus people; no one was around on this bright Sunday afternoon. In fact, any moment I suspected a lone tumble weed to come rolling around a corner, blowing across the barren street. Still I did a slow 360 to check what might be there. Pivoting, like turning back through time, I noticed an inn with a sign that said vacant. I saw a corner store with an emblem of an old steam engine above its wooden door. Other buildings – old, of red brick – reminded me of those along wharfs, set against rivers, in other New England towns I knew. Like Portland, Maine…. Completing my 360, I spotted a retired steam engine as an outdoor museum piece. Three colors splashed across the locomotive's side: streaks of red, blue and steely-gray. High up, an engineer peered out the small window. His elbow was propped on the ledge, jutting out. He was the only one I'd set my eyes upon since entering the sun-filled valley. What happened next was not planned. I felt a sudden urge…. Hey! I shouted. My father drove trains! And the engineer smiled. Then he must have gotten an urge, because he shouted something hard to believe. He yelled down to come up. He asked: You want a ride? Next thing I knew my body started walking. I felt a kind of elation spread all through my limbs, igniting my course. My feet, every muscle was moving with joy. The corners of my mouth shot up, into a smile. Even the sun's yellow arrowed down, around my life, lighting my world. I was heading towards the engine's metal ladder. Then climbed the rungs to where the engineer stood. His hand went out to help me onto the platform. When I stood where he was, the moment had no words. Our eyes reflected common ground. Like we were doing this for you. Like I was given a chance to walk into your former life, as it once was. So he opened a latched door and we ducked inside to enter the cab. I saw a switchboard and a few chairs, that was all. The chairs were black and old, the kind that swivel. I took the one on the left. The engineer sat behind the switchboard on the right. He began pulling levers. They gave off a pissing sound. I'm filling the cars with air, he said. And I thought it meant he was oxygenating them. But he said no, it had to do with filling the brakes with the stuff we breathe. I told him how grateful I was, especially since I had spent the past month writing of your railroad days. Just finished the story, I added. It's on the front seat of my car. Privately, I was mystified over the coincidence, of getting the chance to experience the very thing I had written of. Each day is a journey, and the journey itself home, Basho wrote in the first entry of his travel journal. It was a journal he filled with poems and impressions that later became a literary masterpiece. Its title is translated to mean The Narrow Road to the Interior, or sometimes you see it as Narrow Road to a Far Province. Although frail, he covered twelve-hundred miles, mostly on foot, all through the lowlands and uplands in northern Honshu Island. All through the mountains and along the shores of the Sea of Japan, he walked in straw-and-cotton sandals, carrying only a backpack with writing materials and some clothing. Shedding his possessions he came into another kind of wealth. Sensing himself as a windblown cloud, Basho transcended attachment. Setting off, the world became his material. All the ground and the objects of sky, the weather…. It is a state of mind not outside of my own – although I did not know of Basho when, in my thirties, I gave up my apartment and set off to write. It's like this, I wrote at the start of my own travels. In giving up, I am given what is needed most. I am not sure why expanse comes

do contact tracing and selective isolation, we can open up more things for non-infected people and maintain the same average reproduction number. As the absolute number of new cases per day goes down, we can maintain the same average level of vigilance but direct it more narrowly, meaning we can loosen restrictions on most of the population. That kind of localized vigilance with broader reopening is dramatically different than the widespread economic crisis that we have now. It's not going to be perfect, it's still going to suck, we're going to be wearing masks for a while. But closing down one or two schools occasionally as cases are discovered is much better than widespread closures. I'm defining the widespread closures like we have today as the duration of the widespread economic crisis. If you want to save the economy, you want to get into that localized control mode as soon as possible, and that means reducing the absolute level of deaths per day. And last of all, we get to the policy implementation itself. This a description that takes inputs of what's going on with the virus, and uses it to set the policy. The policy sets R_c, the reproduction contact number, which sets R_e, the effective reproduction number, which determines the course of the virus, creating a fully closed-loop system. I've defined a policy that takes the maximum value of two subpolicies, which means that it takes the stricter of the two rules. Subpolicy number 1 is feedback around R_e, the effective reproduction number. Many health agencies and websites are trying to estimate that number based on case data, but it's ultimately a number that describes whether new cases and deaths are flat [with R_e=1], growing [with R_e > 1], or shrinking [with R_e < 1]. I assume that policymakers target a specific R_e value called TARGET_R_E. If the real value is below that, this subtraction and multiplication provides a strong feedback signal to allow reopening, and vice-versa. Subpolicy number 2 is to keep the death rate under MAX_DEATHS_PER_WEEK. This value was set based on an estimate of the total hospital bed capacity of the US, as well as the average duration of hospitalization, and converting that to a number of deaths per week that barely uses 100% of the hospital capacity of the country. Because we have two policies, one will dominate at any time. For example, if we pick a target R_E > 1, we'll eventually grow the number of cases and infections to a point where it just starts to saturate the hospital system, but at that point, policy #2 will kick in and add restrictions which decrease R_E to 1, holding at exactly that maximum death capacity. OK, that took a while to explain, but now that we've built the model we can just hit "Simulate" and "Run Time Domain Simulation" and see what happens. Here's a link to my simulation in case you want to try it yourself right in your browser or even change it however you like. OK so we get 4 charts out of our simulation. The first one shows the number of people in each bucket by week. This one has 357.9 thousand people dead by the end of the simulation. The second chart shows the currents through different current sources on a logarithmic scale. This grey line is the number of deaths per week, and you can see it peaks around 17 thousand deaths/week. The third plot shows our policy variable in blue, which is how much we need to lock down between 0 and 1. It also shows the reproduction numbers. And the fourth plot shows whether we're still in the widespread economic crisis. The blue line shows the total length of the crisis, in this case, 47 weeks of widespread economic distress. So just to summarize this simulation run, we ran the simulation with TARGET_R_E=0.8, meaning that our policy feedback loop was attempting to make sure that each new infection only resulted in 0.8 new infections. The outputs were 357.9 thousand deaths and 47 weeks duration. We can run that for different values of TARGET_R_E. Let's change it to 1.1 and see what happens. Now we get 2.21 million deaths and 75 weeks duration. So just by changing our policy feedback parameter from 0.8 to 1.1, we get 6 times as many deaths, and an extra 6 months of economic distress. Wait, what? We got more deaths AND a longer duration of economic crisis. If I run it again with TARGET_RE = 1.0, what happens? You can see now we get a flat-line of deaths per week, as you'd expect for R=1. This time we get an economic crisis that lasts until the end of my simulation, when we hopefully get a vaccine. Let's plot these three outcomes with deaths on the x-axis and duration on the y-axis. There's something interesting going on here. Let's run more simulations in part 2, plotting the public policy frontier curve. Part 2: Plotting the Pandemic Public Policy Frontier I ran the simulation for 12 different values of TARGET_R_E from 0.6 to 1.3. Here's the resulting curve. This has a total number of deaths on the x-axis, and the duration of the economic crisis on the y-axis. We want both to be lower; lower left is better. Most policymakers have a simple model in their heads that assumes that this curve must have a negative slope. This means can choose to prioritize health outcomes or economic outcomes, but not both. But this tradeoff concept is not supported by our simulation. That's just not what the curve looks like. By simulating the range of possible feedback policies, the curve actually looks concave like this, like an inverted parabola that's been chopped off on top by hopefully getting a vaccine. This is surprising to most people, it was to me. There are three regions to this curve: On the right side, there's a region with a negative slope, where we burn through the population as fast as our hospital capacity allows. In that part of the curve, you do see this tradeoff where infecting faster leads to a shorter economic duration. This comes with horrific death rates, like peak New York City times ten. I believe it's quite unlikely that we'll be able to choose policy to operate in this region of the curve -- enough people are personally concerned about their health that public policy won't convince people to sacrifice themselves that fast. On the left side, there's a region with positive slope. In this region, we make smart policy choices and educate the public with the goal of reducing the number of transmission events from infected people to not-yet-infected people. Compared to our care-free days, we need to reduce the opportunities for transmission by something like 80%. I think it's possible that if we just educated 100% of people how to properly wear a mask, that alone might block 80% of transmission events. Combine that with testing, tracing and permissive work-from-home policies, blocking 80% of transmission opportunities doesn't seem impossible. Just look at New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan, and China for example. There, the pandemic no longer dominates 100% of news headlines. Yes, they still have to wear masks and change some behaviors, but life is going back to normal, faster, and with far fewer deaths. The middle region is flat because I chopped it off at the end of our simulation, when I hope, fingers crossed, that there'll be a vaccine. In this region we see a huge range in the number of deaths, but regardless, we get a prolonged widespread economic crisis until we get a vaccine. The shape of this curve may surprise you; public discourse is dominated by the right hand side. But by running various closed-loop public policy simulations, we

It's a full day of events at WORLDWIDE RADIO SUMMIT 2018, happening at the W HOTEL in HOLLYWOOD, CA. The voice of STEVE KAMER welcomed attendees to the conference sessions early THURSDAY, followed by ALL ACCESS President JOEL DENVER and A&R WORLDWIDE President SAT BISLA, joined by DMR/INTERACTIVE President/COO ANDREW CURRAN, honoring the winners of the RIA'S RISING STARS FOUNDATION Scholarship Awards: BLANCA LOPEZ-OLMEDO from the UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, KRISTEN KOKKELENBERG of APPALACHIAN STATE UNIVERSITY, and SETON HALL UNIVERSITY's ALICIA CAMPOS. Each scholarship winner will receive consultant TRACY JOHNSON's new AUDIENCE MAGNET online on-demand video course for radio personalities. BBC RADIO 1-1XTRA-BBC ASIAN NETWORK Controller BEN COOPER gave a keynote presentation on his stations' success and the importance of establishing objectives, clear strategies, and tactics. Among his points was the idea that the radio station should not push people to social media -- personalities have been banned from promoting their social media accounts on the air -- but rather that social media should be used to push users to listen to the radio, while radio should be pushing listeners to listen to the next segment. COOPER also noted that U.K. listening has fallen and streaming music services "have succeeded in becoming your new record store... (and) want to be your radio station next" and suggested that radio use "our two biggest assets: 'live' and our presenters" to counter the new competition, stressing "moments you can't switch off," with examples like interviews with the Royals ("the QUEEN doesn't listen, but the future KING of ENGLAND does," COOPER joked) and actress MARGOT ROBBIE offered from RADIO 1, new, compelling hosts, and mixing (RADIO 1 uses custom mixes of three songs together near the top of each hour). He also focused on the importance of radio embracing "smart speaker" devices like AMAZON's Alexa line. COOPER stuck around for the next panel, a look at radio's attempts to appeal to Millennials and Gen Z, with FUTURI MEDIA Pres./CEO DANIEL ANSTANDIG moderating and iHEARTMEDIA Networks Pres. DARREN DAVIS, FORD Global Lead, Business Development and Partner Management SCOTT BURNELL, ELEVATE CEO NICOLE BERGEN, and COX MEDIA GROUP VP/Audience and Content TIM CLARKE joining COOPER on the panel. After taking turns characterizing the younger audience (from BERGEN's "Narcissist" to COOPER's "FOMO -- Fear Of Missing Out"), the panel addressed recruiting Millennial and Gen Z talent, and changes in content and consumption habits (with an emphasis on younger consumers' very different attitudes towards automobiles, a situation confirmed by BURNELL, who discussed FORD's approach to the changes, and BERGEN, who said her research shows younger subjects moving from having car budgets to having UBER budgets). "We all have to stop thinking of ourselves as radio people," DAVIS advised, pointing to Millennials and Gen Z looking at radio as an appliance; he also asserted that companies waiting to make content for digital platforms until they can be monetized will be "sh-t out of luck" if they continue to hold out. The panel was unanimous that radio has not adequately embraced podcasting -- COOPER said that radio has been "slow out of the blocks, but we're getting there" -- and DAVIS contended that audiences don't want repurposed radio content but do want original content, with "after shows" an option for radio. COOPER also discussed that the BBC is changing its approach to weekends, with FRIDAYs being programmed differently from MONDAY through THURSDAY in recognition of younger audiences looking at FRIDAYS differently from the rest of the week. Continuing the Millennial/Gen Z analysis, iHEARTMEDIA/LOS ANGELES EVP/Programming ANDREW JEFFRIES moderated a panel looking at NIELSEN AUDIO data on the younger demographics with NIELSEN's VP/Audience Insights JON MILLER on hand to show the numbers and the RADIO ADVERTISING BUREAU's President/CEO ERICA FARBER, DMR/INTERACTIVE President ANDREW CURRAN, and CARTER Urban KPRS (HOT 103 JAMZ)-Gospel KPRT-A/KANSAS CITY OM/PD MYRON FEARS with the analysis. The panel talked about recruiting young listeners to PPM panels, the effect of mobile phones on media measurement (including inherent bias and factors like battery life; MILLER said that an app would not be adequate and that a wearable device is more likely to succeed), the future of markets that don't have PPM measurement (MILLER, responding to FARBER's question on that topic, said that NIELSEN will be looking at year-round measurement and adding some kind of electronic measurement to diary markets), and balancing speed of measurement with long-term accuracy. FARBER said that the skill set needed to understand radio's markets is changing, requiring more analysis of "big data" generated by NIELSEN; she contended that NIELSEN has been doing a good job of changing to address the new media landscape but that radio needs to understand what the data means and what it will need from NIELSEN in the future. Meanwhile, FEARS talked about information he gleaned from a previous NIELSEN presentation, including the importance of paying attention to streaming to see what new songs are trending (playing those songs at night, he said, has made the station number one in the marker in the daypart) and the language used by young audiences -- the phrase "new music" has been removed from KPRS, and that and other changes have led younger listeners to remark in research that the station doesn't "sound old" anymore. CURRAN said that the power of radio remains strong, and that while a song can be successful on streaming, its success gets validated by radio airplay. Among FARBER's suggestions for how addressing the changes in demographics will change radio sales was the idea that the industry will have to stop thinking in terms of :30 and :60 ads. "This generation is one of the greatest opportunities this medium has had in a very long time," FARBER added, pointing to their "sense of community" and purpose, lamenting that the industry has not yet tapped into that. After BENZTOWN's 7th annual IRON IMAGER contest sent challenger GLOBAL Top 40 95.8 CAPITAL FM/LONDON Audio Production Assistant SAM WICKENS and returning champ NOVA ENTERTAINMENT Top 40 3MEL (NOVA 100)/MELBOURNE Network Imaging Producer BRAD LEASK off to create their entries (the winner will be announced FRIDAY), JACOBS MEDIA Founder and President FRED JACOBS debuted the first data from TECHSURVEY 2018. This year's version of the "Media Pyramid" showing total usage was led by TV/Video and AM/FM Radio (the latter up slightly), but Smartphones have ascended to third, followed by Social Media, Tablets, Streaming Video, Radio/Music Aps, Phones Connected to the Car, Streaming Audio, Smart TV, Video Games, MP3 Player, Satellite Radio, Connected Cars, Podcasts (up slightly), Smart Speakers (a healthy jump and the biggest gainer), HD Radio (slightly down), and Smartwatches. The pyramids also looked at the usage by format and by gender (men more into streaming, apps, and podcasts, women more into social media). A "Brand Pyramid" had AM/FM radio stations on top, with FACEBOOK, NETFLIX (up substantially), and YOUTUBE next, HULU showed the biggest jump in recognition. Seen from the format perspective, the younger Top 40 audience showed much higher recognition of SNAPCHAT than the general audience; Millennials had much greater recognition of INSTAGRAM, SNAPCHAT, SPOTIFY, and video streaming services than boomers did. The report also asked why people listen to AM/FM radio, and the leading reason was that it is easiest to listen to in the car. But the third reason, not far behind, was that it is free. Still important are emotional reasons, from habit to loving to work with the radio on, a connection with radio, companionship, and mood elevation. Local orientation is "overwhelmingly" seen as an advantage radio has over competitors, with vast majorities in every demographic category agreeing with that sentiment. As for where people listen, the car is the site of 46% of listening, with 24% on a radio at home, work, or school. Computer streams were next at 16%,

mypurple] (2.27,0) to (.40,.69) to (-1.12,1.95) to (-.80,0) to (-1.12,-1.95) to (.40,-.69) to (2.27,0); \node[mypurple] at (2.75,1.5) {spectrum of $\graphC{4}^{\varstuff{X}}$}; \end{tikzpicture} \] For the exceptional type $\mathsf{E}$ graphs the claim can be checked case-by-case. \newline In particular, the spectra of the generalized $\ADE$ Dynkin diagrams are all inside $\mathsf{d}_{3}$. \begin{example}\label{example:triangle3} The spectra of $\graphA{1}^{\varstuff{X}},\graphA{2}^{\varstuff{X}}$ and $\graphA{3}^{\varstuff{X}}$ are given in \fullref{example:triangle1}. (Again, these should be compared to \fullref{example:plot-zeros}.) Additionally we have \begin{gather*} S_{\graphD{3}^{\varstuff{X}}} =S_{\graphC{3}^{\varstuff{X}}} = \left\{ \text{roots of } X^3 (X-2) (X^2 + 2X + 4) \right\} \end{gather*} Forgetting the multiplicity of zero, we get the inclusion of the corresponding spectra. \end{example} \begin{example}\label{example:sce} The graphs $\graphD{3}^{\varstuff{X}}$ and $\graphC{3}^{\varstuff{X}}$ have the same spectrum, cf. \fullref{example:triangle3}. However, they are not isomorphic as graphs, e.g. $\graphD{3}$ has a double-edge and $\graphC{3}^{\varstuff{X}}$ does not. Both observations are true in general for $\graphD{e}$ and $\graphC{e}$. \end{example} \subsection{Zuber's classification problem and \texorpdfstring{\fullref{problem:classification}}{CP}}\label{subsec:gen-D-zuber} Zuber (based on joint work with Di Francesco \cite{DFZ} and Petkova \cite{PZ}) introduced the notion of a generalized $\ADE$ Dynkin diagram. These graphs appear in various disguises in the literature, e.g. in conformal field theories, integrable lattice models, topological field theories for $3$-manifold invariants and subfactor theory. Zuber wrote down a list of six axioms which these graphs should satisfy, see \cite[Section 1.2]{Zu}, and asked for the classification of such graphs. In \cite{Oc}, Ocneanu argued that Zuber's classification problem is related to the classification problem of the so-called quantum subgroups of $\mathrm{SU}(N)$. He also proposed a list of graphs which should solve Zuber's classification problem. The ones that are tricolorable are the graphs that we reproduced in \fullref{subsec:gen-D-list}. However, we already saw in \fullref{theorem:low-level-classification} that we get solutions which are not on Ocneanu's list, so we do not know whether \fullref{problem:classification} and Zuber's classification problem are the same or not, or even how they are related. \section{Trihedral Soergel bimodules}\label{sec:A2-diagrams} The purpose of this section is to categorify the trihedral Hecke algebras $\subquo$ and $\subquo[e]$ from \fullref{section:funny-algebra}, where $e$ still denotes the level. As before, we have collected some analogies to the dihedral case at the end of the section, cf. \fullref{subsec:dihedral-SB} \subsection{Bott--Samelson bimodules for affine \texorpdfstring{$\typea{2}$}{A2}}\label{subsec:sbim} First, we recall the diagrammatic $2$-category $\Adiag$ from \cite[Section 3.3]{El1}. We call it the ($2$-category of) singular Bott--Samelson bimodules of affine type $\typea{2}$. \subsubsection{\texorpdfstring{$2$}{2}-categorical conventions}\label{subsubsec:2-cat-conv} For generalities and terminology on $2$-categories, we refer for example to \cite{Le1} or \cite{McL1}. \begin{convention}\label{convention:generated} We use $2$-categories given by generators and relations. This means that $1$-morphisms are obtained by compositions $\circ$ of the generating $1$-morphisms, and $2$-morphisms are obtained by horizontal $\circ_{h}$ and vertical $\circ_{v}$ compositions of the $2$-generators whenever this makes sense. (In particular, the interchange law leads to additional relations in our $2$-categories, called height relations.) Relations are supposed to hold between $2$-morphisms. Details about such $2$-categories can be found e.g. in \cite[Section 2.2]{Ro1}. \end{convention} \begin{convention}\label{convention:reading} We read $1$-morphisms from right to left, using the operator-notation, and $2$-morphisms from bottom to top and right to left. These conventions are illustrated in \fullref{definition:ssbim-free} below. Note that we usually omit the $1$-morphisms in the pictures, and we will simplify diagrams by drawing them in a more topological fashion, using e.g. \fullref{example:more-gens}. \end{convention} \begin{convention}\label{convention:grading} A ($\mathbb{Z}$-)graded $2$-category for us is a $2$-category whose $2$-hom spaces are ($\mathbb{Z}$-)graded, meaning that the $2$-generators have a given degree, the relations are homogeneous and the degree is additive under horizontal and vertical composition. Moreover, $1$-morphisms are formal shifts of generating $1$-morphisms, indicated by $\{a\}$ for $a\in\mathbb{Z}$, so there is a formal $\mathbb{Z}$-action on $1$-morphisms such that $\{k\}(\morstuff{F}\{a\})=\morstuff{F}\{a+k\}$ for all $k\in\mathbb{Z}$. Finally, a $2$-morphism $\twomorstuff{f}\colon\morstuff{F}\{0\}\to\morstuff{G}\{0\}$, homogeneous of degree $d$, is of degree $d-a+b$ seen as a $2$-morphism $\twomorstuff{f}\colon\morstuff{F}\{a\}\to\morstuff{G}\{b\}$. For more information on such $2$-categories, see e.g. \cite[Section 5.1]{Lau}. \end{convention} \subsubsection{The definition of \texorpdfstring{$\Adiag$}{singSbim}}\label{subsubsec:def-adiag} Let $\C_{\intqpar}=\mathbb{C}[\varstuff{q},\varstuff{q}^{-1}]$ and $\Rbim=\C_{\intqpar}[\alpha_{\bc},\alpha_{\rc},\alpha_{\yc}]$, where $\alpha_{\bc},\alpha_{\rc},\alpha_{\yc}$ are formal variables. We define an action of the affine Weyl group $\algstuff{W}$ from \fullref{subsec:weyl-group} on $\Rbim$: \begin{gather}\label{eq:sl3-exotic-action} \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.center)] \matrix (m) [matrix of math nodes, nodes in empty cells, row sep={0.5cm,between origins}, column sep={2.25cm,between origins}, text height=1.6ex, text depth=0.25ex, ampersand replacement=\&] { \phantom{{\color{myblue}b}} \& \alpha_{\bc} \& \alpha_{\rc} \& \alpha_{\yc}\\ {\color{myblue}b} \& -\alpha_{\bc} \& \alpha_{\bc}+\alpha_{\rc} \& \varstuff{q}^{-1}\alpha_{\bc}+\alpha_{\yc}\\ {\color{myred}r} \& \alpha_{\bc}+\alpha_{\rc} \& -\alpha_{\rc} \& \varstuff{q}\alpha_{\rc}+\alpha_{\yc}\\ {\color{myyellow}y} \& \alpha_{\bc}+\varstuff{q}\alpha_{\yc} \& \alpha_{\rc}+\varstuff{q}^{-1}\alpha_{\yc} \& -\alpha_{\yc}\\ }; \draw[densely dashed] ($(m-2-1.north)+(-.15,0)$) edge ($(m-2-4.north)+(1.05,0)$); \draw[densely dashed] ($(m-3-1.north)+(-.15,0)$) edge ($(m-3-4.north)+(1.05,0)$); \draw[densely dashed] ($(m-4-1.north)+(-.15,0)$) edge ($(m-4-4.north)+(1.05,0)$); \draw[densely dashed] ($(m-1-1.east)+(1.1,.2)$) edge ($(m-4-1.east)+(1.1,-.3)$); \draw[densely dashed] ($(m-1-1.east)+(3,.2)$) edge ($(m-4-1.east)+(3,-.3)$); \draw[densely dashed] ($(m-1-1.east)+(5.4,.2)$) edge ($(m-4-1.east)+(5.4,-.3)$); \end{tikzpicture} \end{gather} One easily checks that \eqref{eq:sl3-exotic-action} is well-defined. This also gives rise to an action of the secondary colors on $\Rbim$ by using \eqref{eq:sec-Weyl} (recalling that e.g. ${\color{mygreen}g}=\{{\color{myblue}b},{\color{myyellow}y}\}$). Thus, we can define: \begin{definition}\label{definition:thin-invariant-subrings} For any ${\color{dummy}c}\in\Bset\Rset\Yset$ and ${\color{dummy}\textbf{u}}\in\Gset\Oset\Pset$, let $\Rbim^{{\color{dummy}c}}$ and $\Rbim^{{\color{dummy}\textbf{u}}}$ denote the subrings of $\Rbim$ consisting of all ${\color{dummy}c}$-invariant and ${\color{dummy}\textbf{u}}$-invariant elements, respectively. \end{definition} Recall that we always use ${\color{dummy}\textbf{u}},{\color{dummy}\textbf{v}}\in\Gset\Oset\Pset$ as secondary dummy colors, and we also use the primary dummy colors ${\color{dummy}c},{\color{dummy}d}\in\Bset\Rset\Yset$ from now on. Moreover, identifying our colors with proper subsets of $\Bset\Rset\Yset$, including the empty subset, we say that two of them are compatible if one is a subset of the other, e.g. as the colors connected by an edge below. \begin{gather}\label{eq:color-compatible} \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.center), tinynodes] \matrix (m) [matrix of math nodes, nodes in empty cells, row sep=.02cm, column sep=.01cm, text height=1.6ex, text depth=0.25ex, ampersand replacement=\&] { {\color{mygray}\scalebox{.99}{$p$}} \& \scalebox{.99}{${\color{mygreen}g}$}\, \& {\color{mygray}\scalebox{.99}{$o$}} \\ \,\scalebox{.99}{${\color{myblue}b}$} \& {\color{mygray}\scalebox{.99}{$r$}} \& \scalebox{.99}{${\color{myyellow}y}$} \\ \& \scalebox{.99}{$\emptyset$} \& \\ }; \draw[thin] ($(m-2-1.north)+(0,-.2cm)$) to ($(m-1-2.south)+(-.05,.1cm)$); \draw[thin] ($(m-2-3.north)+(0,-.2cm)$) to ($(m-1-2.south)+(.05,.1cm)$); \draw[thin] ($(m-3-2.north)+(-.05,-.2cm)$) to ($(m-2-1.south)+(0,.1cm)$); \draw[thin] ($(m-3-2.north)+(.05,-.2cm)$) to ($(m-2-3.south)+(0,.1cm)$); \end{tikzpicture} ,\quad\quad \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.center), tinynodes] \matrix (m) [matrix of math nodes, nodes in empty cells, row sep=.02cm, column sep=.01cm, text height=1.6ex, text depth=0.25ex, ampersand replacement=\&] { {\color{mygray}\scalebox{.99}{$p$}} \& {\color{mygray}\scalebox{.99}{$g$}} \& \scalebox{.99}{${\color{myorange}o}$} \\ {\color{mygray}\scalebox{.99}{$b$}} \& \scalebox{.99}{${\color{myred}r}$} \& \scalebox{.99}{${\color{myyellow}y}$} \\ \& \scalebox{.99}{$\emptyset$}\& \\ }; \draw[thin] ($(m-2-3.north)+(.035,-.2cm)$) to ($(m-1-3.south)+(.035,.1cm)$); \draw[thin] ($(m-3-2.north)+(0,-.2cm)$) to ($(m-2-2.south)+(0,.1cm)$); \draw[thin] ($(m-3-2.north)+(.05,-.2cm)$) to ($(m-2-3.south)+(0,.1cm)$); \draw[thin] ($(m-2-2.north)+(.05,-.2cm)$) to ($(m-1-3.south)+(0,.1cm)$); \end{tikzpicture} ,\quad\quad \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.center), tinynodes] \matrix (m) [matrix of math nodes, nodes in empty cells, row sep=.02cm, column sep=.01cm, text height=1.6ex, text depth=0.25ex, ampersand replacement=\&] { \scalebox{.99}{${\color{mypurple}p}$} \& {\color{mygray}\scalebox{.99}{$g$}} \& {\color{mygray}\scalebox{.99}{$o$}} \\ \scalebox{.99}{${\color{myblue}b}$} \& \scalebox{.99}{${\color{myred}r}$} \& {\color{mygray}\scalebox{.99}{$y$}} \\ \& \scalebox{.99}{$\emptyset$} \& \\ }; \draw[thin] ($(m-2-1.north)+(-.035,-.2cm)$) to ($(m-1-1.south)+(-.035,.1cm)$); \draw[thin] ($(m-3-2.north)+(-.05,-.2cm)$) to ($(m-2-1.south)+(0,.1cm)$); \draw[thin] ($(m-3-2.north)+(0,-.2cm)$) to ($(m-2-2.south)+(0,.1cm)$); \draw[thin] ($(m-2-2.north)+(-.05,-.2cm)$) to ($(m-1-1.south)+(0,.1cm)$); \end{tikzpicture} \end{gather} \begin{example}\label{example:colors-compatible} The color ${\color{myblue}b}$ is compatible with $\emptyset$, ${\color{mygreen}g}$ and ${\color{mypurple}p}$, but not with ${\color{myred}r}$, ${\color{myyellow}y}$ or ${\color{myorange}o}$. \end{example} We will define the $2$-category of singular Soergel bimodules as a quotient of the following $2$-category, which we view as a free version of it. \begin{definition}\label{definition:ssbim-free} Let $\ADiag$ be the $2$-category defined as follows. \medskip \noindent\textit{\setword{`Objects of $\ADiag$'}{sbim-objects}.} The objects are proper subsets of $\Bset\Rset\Yset=\{{\color{myblue}b},{\color{myyellow}y},{\color{myred}r}\}$, including the empty subset $\emptyset$. The one-element subsets are identified with ${\color{myblue}b},{\color{myyellow}y},{\color{myred}r}$, the two-element subsets are identified with ${\color{mygreen}g},{\color{myorange}o},{\color{mypurple}p}$, using the color conventions from \fullref{subsec:our-color-code}. \medskip \noindent\textit{\setword{`$1$-morphisms of $\ADiag$'}{sbim-morphisms}.} By definition, there is one generating $1$-morphism for each pair of distinct compatible colors. Namely, including all other compatible variations using the conventions from \eqref{eq:color-compatible} and writing e.g. ${\color{myblue}b}\emptyset={\color{myblue}b}\circ\emptyset$ for short: \begin{gather*} \xy (0,0)*{ \emptyset{\color{myblue}b}\colon\emptyset\leftarrow{\color{myblue}b}, \quad {\color{myblue}b}\emptyset\colon{\color{myblue}b}\leftarrow\emptyset, \quad {\color{myblue}b}{\color{mygreen}g}\colon{\color{myblue}b}\leftarrow{\color{mygreen}g}, \quad {\color{myyellow}y}{\color{mygreen}g}\colon{\color{myyellow}y}\leftarrow{\color{mygreen}g}, \quad {\color{mygreen}g}{\color{myblue}b}\colon{\color{mygreen}g}\leftarrow{\color{myblue}b}, \quad {\color{mygreen}g}{\color{myyellow}y}\colon{\color{mygreen}g}\leftarrow{\color{myyellow}y}, \quad \text{etc.}}; (0,-4.5)*{\text{{\tiny compatible as in \eqref{eq:color-compatible}}}}; \endxy \end{gather*} \smallskip \noindent\textit{\setword{`$2$-morphisms of $\ADiag$'}{sbim-two-morphisms}.} The $2$-morphisms are generated by two kinds of $2$-generators. The first kind are cups, caps and crossings given as follows. \begin{gather}\label{eq:gens-sbim-1} \xy (0,0)*{ \begin{tikzpicture}[anchorbase, scale=.4, tinynodes] \draw[very thin, densely dotted, fill=white] (0,0) to [out=90, in=180] (1,1) to [out=0, in=90] (2,0) to (3,0) to (3,2) to (-1,2) to (-1,0) to (0,0); \fill[myblue, opacity=0.3] (0,0) to [out=90, in=180] (1,1) to [out=0, in=90] (2,0) to (0,0); \draw[bstrand, directed=.999] (0,0) to [out=90, in=180] (1,1) to [out=0, in=90] (2,0); \node at (-.5,-.375) {$\emptyset$}; \node at (1,2.3) {$\emptyset$}; \node at (1,-.375) {${\color{myblue}b}$}; \node at (2.5,-.375) {$\emptyset$}; \end{tikzpicture} \colon \begin{matrix} \emptyset \\ \Uparrow \\ \emptyset{\color{myblue}b}\emptyset \end{matrix}}; (-3.6,-8)*{\text{{\tiny degree $1$}}}; \endxy ,\quad\quad \xy (0,0)*{ \begin{tikzpicture}[anchorbase, scale=.4, tinynodes] \draw[very thin, densely dotted, fill=white] (0,0) to [out=90, in=180] (1,1) to [out=0, in=90] (2,0) to (0,0); \fill[myblue, opacity=0.3] (0,0) to [out=90, in=180] (1,1) to [out=0, in=90] (2,0) to (3,0) to (3,2) to (-1,2) to (-1,0) to (0,0); \draw[bstrand, directed=.999] (2,0) to [out=90, in=0] (1,1) to [out=180, in=90] (0,0); \node at (-.5,-.375) {${\color{myblue}b}$}; \node at (1,2.3) {${\color{myblue}b}$}; \node at (1,-.375) {$\emptyset$}; \node at (2.5,-.375) {${\color{myblue}b}$}; \end{tikzpicture}}; (0,-8)*{\text{{\tiny degree $-1$}}}; \endxy ,\quad\quad \xy (0,0)*{ \begin{tikzpicture}[anchorbase, scale=.4, tinynodes] \fill[myorange, opacity=0.8] (0,2) to [out=270, in=180] (1,1) to [out=0, in=270] (2,2) to (0,2); \fill[myyellow, opacity=0.3] (0,2) to [out=270, in=180] (1,1) to [out=0, in=270] (2,2) to (3,2) to (3,0) to (-1,0) to (-1,2) to (0,2); \draw[rstrand, directed=.999] (2,2) to [out=270, in=0] (1,1) to [out=180, in=270] (0,2); \node at (-.5,2.3) {${\color{myyellow}y}$}; \node at (1,-.375) {${\color{myyellow}y}$}; \node at (1,2.3) {${\color{myorange}o}$}; \node at (2.5,2.3) {${\color{myyellow}y}$}; \end{tikzpicture}}; (0,-8)*{\text{{\tiny degree $2$}}}; \endxy ,\quad\quad \xy (0,0)*{ \begin{tikzpicture}[anchorbase, scale=.4, tinynodes] \fill[myorange, opacity=0.8] (0,2) to [out=270, in=180] (1,1) to [out=0, in=270] (2,2) to (3,2) to (3,0) to (-1,0) to (-1,2) to (0,2); \fill[myyellow, opacity=0.3] (0,2) to [out=270, in=180] (1,1) to [out=0, in=270] (2,2) to (0,2); \draw[rstrand, directed=.999] (0,2) to [out=270, in=180] (1,1) to [out=0, in=270] (2,2); \node at (-.5,2.3) {${\color{myorange}o}$}; \node at (1,-.375) {${\color{myorange}o}$}; \node at (1,2.3)

Isles invite an old Friend to Camp After 7 seasons, Bryan Berard is back with the Islanders-maybe. On Monday, Berard's agent confirmed what was already reported in Edmonton newspapers, saying his client accepted an invite to come to Isles training camp. Berard has been having hard luck finding a job, mostly because of his back injuries. Last season, he had 2 surgeries to repair the back and only played in 11 games for the Columbus Blue Jackets. This is a good move in my opinion. In a way, it feels good to see someone who was involved in one of Milbury's worst trades as GM come back, even if it is only on a try out basis. If he's healthy, Berard could make the Islander power play that much, well, powerful. Throughout his entire career, he has put up great offensive numbers. Some have wondered if Berard's eye injury is what created some of the problems for him defensively. But ever since he recovered from that eye injury, even with 20-400 vision in his right eye, Berard has been able to put up some good offensive numbers. I think his bad +/- rating is more attributed to being on bad teams than anything. Of course it is not a given that Berard will make the Isles blueline, one which already includes regulars Brendan Witt, newcomer Andy Sutton, Radek Martinek, Marc-Andre Bergeron, Chris Campoli and Bruno Gervais. Other defensemen in the system who are NHL capable are Aaron Johnson, Freddy Meyer and Matt Spiller. Now add Berard to that, and it could make for a very interesting camp. Add a healthy Berard to that, and he could make this team. Many people are high on both Campoli and Gervais, and even though they both played in 51 games last season one could be sent down for more seasoning. The other could either make the team, be sent down to Bridgeport, or be traded for some help up front. Unless the Isles were getting a good offensive player who is under contract for more than 1 year, I hold on to them. Also keep in mind that Campoli now has a 1 way deal and would have to pass through waivers to get sent down. Gervais is still on his 2-way deal, so he would be a more likely candidate to be sent down. Even with Bergeron on the team, I would see no issue if he were to make it. He would be a perfect QB on the PP, and could dish the puck to Bergeron for the 100+MPH slapshot. Or, Berard could shoot the puck himself, and really keep the opposing teams guessing. After Bergeron arrived last year, even though he put up a point per game with the team, Tom Poti would pass to him more often than not and after a while it became redundant. The Isles have plenty of defensively responsible defenseman where they could pair Bergeron with one and Berard with another for 5 on 5 play. Training camp starts in only 17 days! Posted by Chris Hessel at 5:59 PM 2 comments: Islanders Unveil new look Jerseys Yesterday the Islanders unveiled their new look for 2007-2008, introducing the new RBK Edge jerseys that all 30 teams will be using this year. The jerseys are supposed to be more form fitting, which helps cut down on the ability to grab other skaters jerseys and take penalties. Also, the jerseys are supposed to keep the players cooler over a 60 minute game as the fabric is also made to whisk away the sweat. The way the jerseys are made is by using 5 different kinds of fabrics that are all attached together. Most of the jerseys than have been released so far have the thin piping at the top, as you can see from the picture here. Some teams did not make the piping a different color, but many did, just like the Isles have done. More of what the Isles have done to the jerseys is obviously change the color scheme. The colors are still navy blue, orange and white, but the look of the jersey is different. The sleeves on both the home and away jerseys are orange with a blue stripe in the middle. On the body of the jersey, there is a number in the top right corner of the jersey. This idea was used by the sabres last year, and some teams might catch on to that. It appears the Isles are the second team to do that thought. Also on the front of the jersey is the classic Islander's logo, but a bit larger than it used to be. On the neck is the official NHL logo that will be on all jerseys this season. The Isles also chose to go with a bit of an old school look by adding in the ties. On the home jersey, they are orange and on the away jersey, blue. On the back of the jersey, the numbers are a lot larger and look like the ones that were on the Isles jerseys from the dynasty days. On the blue home jerseys, the numbers are white with an orange border on them; the numbers on the sleeves are white as well but with a blue border around them. On the white away jerseys, the numbers will be blue with an orange lining and the sleeves will have the same blue numbers with white lining. The opinions yesterday were mixed among fans, but after a day of looking at them and letting it sink in some have warmed up to them. Personally, I thought they were pretty neat looking when I saw them yesterday morning and can't wait to see the whole uniform on the ice this September in the pre-season. I think by that point fans will really be able to make a judgement on them. Here are some more pictures of the jerseys being modeled by Brendan Witt and Rick DiPietro: Labels: Brendan Witt, Islanders, new jerseys, RBK, Rick DiPietro Center Hole Filled as Isles sign Vasicek On Wednesday the Islanders announced the signed 26 year old center Josef Vasicek to a 1 year, $750,000 contract. There have been rumors since Friday that the Isle's had Vasicek high on their list, even higher than Jason Allison. Vasicek is very happy to be coming to the Island and playing along side his friend Radek Martinek. The 2 are from the same town in the Czech Republic and work out with each other every summer. There has been a glaring need for depth at center and Vasicek definitely helps fill that need. In 63 games last season, Vasicek had 6 goals and 22 points with Carolina and Nashville. With the signing, it appears the team is done adding players. While I have no problem with the contract for Vasicek by any means, I really feel that Allison would have been the much better option. It remains unclear right now weather Vasicek or Sillinger will center the second line come October. I really hope that Vasicek is just here to replace Bates as Josef is an ideal third or fourth line center, but that does not seem likely. I'd still like to make a run at Forsberg if the opportunity arises. If not, well then I'd still like to go after Allison. Either way, we'll have to see if there are any more moves in store for the team. They honestly need another defenseman and a playmaking first or second line center, but the chances of them adding either one of those, if anything at all are slim. Isles Think Big on D, add Andy Sutton On Friday, the Islanders announced the signing of defenseman Andy Sutton to a 3 year deal worth a total

18 'Stranger Things' Products and What They Cost Today See what we used to pay for Eggos, Snack Pack pudding and more. Curtis Baker/Netflix By Sarah Cunnane Jul. 03, 2019 PUBLISHED Jul. 03, 2019 You'd have to be living under a rock — or in an alternate dimension — not to have heard of Stranger Things, back for its third season on Netflix. Since its 2016 premiere, the show has created a frenzy of nostalgia with its hazy homage to the 1980s and iconic items like walkie-talkies, Dungeons & Dragons and La-Z-Boys. So much has changed since 1984, including what we buy, where we shop, and especially how much we pay. To show you just how different things are, we've compiled a list of the standout brands on Stranger Things — comparing them then and now. We think you'll love it. (And friends don't lie.) 1. Eggo waffles Leggo my eggo, mouthbreather. Stranger Things made us all fall in love with Eggos again — in fact, shortly after the show's premiere in 2016, the frozen waffles experienced skyrocketing sales. But Eggo-mania cooled off between seasons. Mrs. Butterworth's syrup also makes quite a few appearances on the show. Be sure to grab some next time ST has you heading to the supermarket for your Eggo fix. Cost in 1984: $1.80 2. Counter Craft toaster Just make sure it doesn't short circuit. On Stranger Things, they cook Eggo waffles in a 1984 Counter Craft toaster, complete with a hard yellow plastic exterior and fried coils for that "burnt crumbs" smell. These things look dated now, but they were made to last — and will probably outlive us all. Cost in 1984: $19.99 Cost in 2019: The Counter Craft isn't available anymore, but you might get a retro toaster from Amazon for $29.99. 3. Fisher MC-4550 Stranger Things Hub / YouTube Record and cassette player? The future is cool. Jonathan Byers has a fancy setup with his Fisher MC-4550. It may not look like much now, but in 1984, this device had the works: turntable with automatic record changer, tape deck, selector switch, manual volume control and a sound equalizer. This was was a proper, sophisticated audio system that would have been coveted by any teenager in the early '80s looking to blast Joy Division, Bowie or the Clash. (Just no Kenny G, please.) Cost in 1984: $279.95 Cost in 2019: These record players are long gone, though you might find a Fisher MC-4550 at a garage sale. For today's vinyl needs, you can pick up a portable Bluetooth turntable for $36.95. 4. Vinyl records Vespa / Shutterstock If you're not into vinyl, you could always stream curated Stranger Things music on Spotify. When you've got an awesome turntable, you need some killer tunes to play on it. Might we suggest a new vinyl copy of Foreigner's Records-Greatest Hits — so you can rock out to "Waiting for a Girl Like You"? 5. A 22-inch color TV Remember when you had to stand up to change the channel? Barbaric. Did television even exist before flat screens, plasma TVs and watching things in 1080p? It's hard to recall a time when TV sets weighed about a thousand pounds, required a whole day for Dad to set up, and emitted a faint buzz when freshly turned off. The TV set used to be the defining feature of any American living room — remember running home after school to catch your favorite show at 3:30? (So long as you could get that antenna at juuuust the right angle to get all the good channels.) 6. Polaroid camera Don't shake your Polaroid, it'll ruin the image. Are you feeling nostalgic for the smell of freshly developed photos? Old analog cameras are sprinkled throughout Stranger Things. Film enthusiasts need not fret — Fujifilm's colorful Instax cameras are a mainstay at popular hipster haberdashers like Urban Outfitters, and the 80-year-old Polaroid camera is still a big hit among millennials. You can even get a limited edition Stranger Things Polaroid. 7. Western Electric 554 yellow wall phone Curtis Baker / Netflix For calling another dimension, press 0 or wait for operator. Kids today. Do they even know that telephones were once used to call people? Or that the concept of "privacy" wasn't really a thing — especially if your phone was located in the kitchen or living room? While texting and 3G have certainly made life easier, Joyce Byers' yellow corded phone makes us long for the time when you could slam down a phone in fury. It just ain't the same slamming "End Call" on a smartphone. Cost in 2019: $618.00 (for a refurbished iPhone XR) 8. Kentucky Fried Chicken Courtesy Netflix Nancy and Steve enjoy Kentucky Fried Chicken on Stranger Things. The Colonel makes a conspicious appearance in the Stranger Things season two premiere — Steve Harrington even says the slogan "it's finger-lickin' good!" (Which was rebranded to a brief "So good!" 10 years ago.) The Holland family enjoys a 12-piece bucket of fried chicken and biscuits, and it's no wonder, considering that the fast-food meal was about $5-and-change back in the day. When we still called KFC Kentucky Fried Chicken, thankyouverymuch. 9. Pentax MX SLR Theupsidedown / YouTube Capture all those Halloween memories, even if there are two Vanchecks We never find out where Jonathan Byers works, but we wonder if they're taking applications. He sure has a sophisticated array of electronics, considering that the Pentax SLR used to cost the equivalent of $2,403, when adjusted for inflation. In fact, the Pentax SLR has actually gotten much more affordable since 1984, but the high price tag is still probably out of range for most teenage kids. Ah, life before the austerity economy. Cost in 1984: $992 10. Reese's Pieces and 3 Musketeers What's your favorite chocolate bar? You get hungry in the Upside Down — and in the here and now. Reese's Pieces and 3 Musketeers bars are still irresistible, even if our metabolism isn't what it used to be in the 1980s. Cost in 1984: 40 cents Cost in 2019: $1 11. A 1976 Ford Pinto Beep beep. Do you need to get around Hawkins (the fictional Indiana hometown of Stranger Things), but a bicycle just isn't your speed? Are you looking for something a little more dangerous — maybe a vehicle known to catch fire if rear-ended? Meet the 1976 Ford Pinto. A sedan so reviled that it frequently makes it into the top 10 "Worst Cars of All Time" lists. A car so bad that it set back the U.S. auto industry for decades. Some things are better left in the past. Cost in 1984: $1,919 Cost in 2019: $27,895 for a Chevrolet Impala, which Joyce might be driving around Indiana today. 12. Chevrolet K5 Blazer Police Chief Jim Hopper drives a Chevy Blazer on Stranger Things. Perhaps you're the chief of police and need something a little more heavy-duty. Enter the Chevrolet K5 Blazer, which is great for transport, off-roading, and maybe even crossing into other dimensions. Today you'll need to take out a heavy-duty auto loan because SUVs cost, oh, a tad more than they did 35 years ago. Cost in 2019: $48,999 13. TRC-214 walkie-talkies Copy that. All the kids on Stranger Things communicate via walkie-talkie — it's their very clunky version of a cellphone. Walkie-talkies may not be of much use to kids now, but those of us who grew up prior to the internet miss that familiar crackle and hiss. Over and out. 14. La-Z-Boy recliner Ugly, but so comfortable. Stranger Things nails its homage to 1980s home decor: floral wallpaper, yellow damask chairs, brown carpeting, and so much wood paneling. You can't help reminiscing — and wondering, What were they thinking? The show also pays tribute to the old-style La-Z-Boy recliner. The familiar thwump may trigger nostalgia, but the chairs were giant eyesores that monopolized living rooms. You can still get your hands on a La-Z-Boy, but minimalist designs are more on-trend nowadays. Cost in 1984: $299 to $499 Cost in 2019: $999 to $1799 15. JVC GR 45E portable camcorder Is it rolling? Ah, the JVC camcorder. Great for shaky home videos of

"Les Egaux", is to be found a clear vision of the collective organization of society, such as would be largely accepted by most modern Socialists. Babeuf was guillotined by the Directory, and his party suppressed. Meanwhile, in 1793, Godwin in England had published his "Enquiry Concerning Political Justice", a work which, though inculcating Anarchist-Communism (see ANARCHY) rather than Collectivism, had much influence on Robert Owen and the school of Determinist Socialists who succeeded him. But a small group of English writers in the early years of the nineteenth century had really more to do with the development of Socialist thought than had either Owen's attempts to found ideal communities, at New Lanark and elsewhere, or the contemporary theories and practice of Saint-Simon and Fourier in France. These English writers, the earliest of whom, Dr. Charles Hall, first put forward that idea of a dominant industrial and social "system", which is the pervading conception of modern Socialism, worked out the various basic principles of Socialism, which Marx afterwards appropriated and combined. Robert Thompson, Ogilvie, Hodgkin, Gray, above all William Carpenter, elaborated the theories of "surplus value", of "production for profit", of "class-war", of the ever-increasing exploitation of the poor by the rich, which are the stuff of Marx's "Das Kapital", that "old clothes-shop of ideas culled from Berlin, Paris, and London". For indeed, this famous work is really nothing more than a dexterous combination of Hegelian Evolutionism, of French Revolutionism, and of the economic theories elaborated by Ricardo, on the one hand, and this group of English theorists on the other. Yet the services of Karl Marx and of his friend and brother-Hebrew, Friedrich Engels, to the cause of Socialism must not be underrated. These two writers came upon the scene just when the Socialist movement was at its lowest ebb. In England the work of Robert Owen had been overlaid by the Chartist movement and its apparent failure, while the writings of the economists mentioned above had had but little immediate influence. In France the Saint-Simonians and the Fourierists had disgusted everyone by the moral collapse of their systems. In Germany Lassalle had so far devoted his brilliant energies merely to Republicanism and philosophy. But in 1848 Marx and Engels published the "Communist Manifesto", and, mere rhetoric as it was, this document was the beginning of modern "scientific Socialism". The influence of Proudhon and of the Revolutionary spirit of the times pervades the whole manifesto: the economic analysis of society was to be grafted on later. But already there appear the ideas of "the materialistic conception of history", of "the bourgeoisie" and "the proletariat", and of "class-war". After 1848, in his exile in London, Marx studied, and wrote, and organized with two results: first, the foundation of "The International Workingmen's Association", in 1864; second, the publication of the first volume of "Das Kapital", in 1867. It is not easy to judge which has had the more lasting effect upon the Socialist movement. "The International" gave to the movement its world-wide character; "Das Kapital" elaborated and systematized the philosophic and economic doctrine which is still the creed of the immense majority of Socialists. "Proletarians of all lands, unite!" the sentence with which the Communist Manifesto of 1848 concludes, became a reality with the foundation of the International. For the first time since the disruption of Christendom an organization took shape which had for its object the union of the major portion of all nations upon a common basis. It was not so widely supported as both its upholders believed and the frightened moneyed interests imagined. Nor had this first organization any promise of stability. From the outset the influence of Marx steadily grew, but it was confronted by the opposition of Bakunin and the Anarchist school. By 1876 the International was even formally at an end. But it had done its work: the organized working classes of all Europe had realized the international nature both of their own grievances and of capitalism, and when, in 1889, the first International Congress of Socialist and Trade-Union delegates met at Paris, a "New International" came into being which exists with unimpaired or, rather, with enhanced energy to the present day. Since that first meeting seven others have been held at intervals of three or four years, at which there has been a steady growth in the number of delegates present, the variety of nationalities represented, and the extent of the Socialistic influence over its deliberations. In 1900, an International Socialist Bureau was established at Brussels, with the purpose of Solidifying and strengthening the international character of the movement. Since 1904, an Inter-Parliamentary Socialist Committee has given further support to the work of the bureau. Today the international nature of the Socialistic movement is an axiom both within and without its ranks; an axiom that must not be forgotten in the estimation both of the strength and of the trend of the movement. To the International, then, modern Socialism owes much of its present power. To "Das Kapital" it owes such intellectual coherence as it still possesses. The success of this book was immediate and considerable. It has been translated into many languages, epitomized by many hands, criticized, discussed, and eulogized. Thousands who would style themselves Marxians and would refer to "Das Kapital" as "The Bible of Socialism", and the irrefragable basis of their creed, have very probably never seen the original work, nor have even read it in translation. Marx himself published only the first volume; the second was published under Engels' editorship in 1885, two years after the death of Marx; a third was elaborated by Engels from Marx's notes in 1895; a fourth was projected but never accomplished. But the influence of this torso has been immense. With consummate skill Marx gathered together and worked up the ideas and evidence that had originated with others, or were the floating notions of the movement; with the result that the new international organization had ready to hand a body of doctrine to promulgate, the various national Socialist parties a common theory and programme for which to work. And promulgated it was, with a devotion and at times a childlike faith that had no slight resemblance to religious propaganda. It has been severely and destructively criticized by economists of many schools, many of its leading doctrines have been explicitly abandoned by the Socialist leaders in different countries, some are now hardly defended even by those leaders who label themselves "Marxian". Yet the influence of the book persists. The main doctrines of Marxism are still the stuff of popular Socialist belief in all countries, are still put forward in scarcely modified form in the copious literature produced for popular consumption, are still enunciated or implied in popular addresses even by some of the very leaders who have abandoned them in serious controversy. In spite of the growth of Revisionism in Germany, of Syndicalism in France, and of Fabian Expertism in England, it is still accurate to maintain that the vast majority of Socialists, the rank and file of the movement in all countries, are adherents of the Marxian doctrine, with all its materialistic philosophy, its evolutionary immorality, its disruptive political and social analysis, its class-conscious economics. In Socialism, today, as in most departments of human thought, the leading writers display a marked shyness of fundamental analysis: "The domain of Socialist thought", says Lagardelle, has become "an intellectual desert." Its protagonists are largely occupied, either in elaborating schemes of social reform, which not infrequently present no exclusively socialist characteristics, or else in apologizing for and disavowing inconvenient applications by earlier leaders, of socialist philosophy to the domain of religion and ethics. Nevertheless, in so far as the International movement remains definitely

notionamong Jews that theyare supposed to use their heads, while theGentiles do the dirty work."Jay Gonen, A Psychohistory of Zionism. Mason/Charter pub., NY, 1973, p. 137. In 1973 the highest influx of debutant shiksas the world had ever seen, and possibly will ever see, went up for grabs and Portnoy's of the world would not be denied regardless of the consequences for themselves or the world. As Philip Weiss wrote of the era: "Irememberwhen I got to Harvard in 1972, and all my outsider Jewishenergy wasfocused on tearing down the WASP bastions that kept me back.And we torethem down." He doesn't mention the sexual dimensions ofthisdeconstruction of WASP citadels, but he hardly needed to to sincethathad already been covered by the other Philip in 1969.Demoralization ofthe bulk of the non-Jewish white boomer males was theproximal result ofthis Jewish victory, and the ultimate result was the permanent slow-down in productivity growth starting in 1973 (PDF file). From "The International Jew" by Henry Ford, chapter "The Jewish Question -- Fact or Fancy?"Andnow the two forces, Industry and Finance, are in a struggle toseewhether Finance is again to become the master, or creativeIndustry.This is one of the elements which is bringing the JewishQuestion tothe bar of public opinion. The year was 1973 and Jews hadfinallyfulfilled Henry Ford's prophecy made over a half century earlier. Israelis the only country in the Middle East that is 'allowed' tohave'weapons of mass destruction.' In fact, the one country in theMiddleEast that has come close to using such weapons is Israel -- theyalmostused nukes in 1973. Israel readied, but did not use, nucleardeliverysystems in the Fall of 1973 during a non-nuclear war with Arabs. February21. A Libyan Arab Airlines civilian air jet, full ofinnocentpassengers, was flying from Libya to Egypt when it found itselfon theSinai Desert occupied by Israel. Bad weather conditions hadforced theplane to circle over Sinai, unable to land because offiercesandstorms. Israel spotted the Libyan plane and assumes it was "anewArab terrorist-attack." In an unforgettable terrorist act, theIsraeliair force fighters shot down the Libyan civilian jet with nohesitationkilling all its passengers except one survivor. Innocentpeoplemurdered by jewish terrorists: Abdul-Adeem Mostafa Damdoum (1yearold), Mohammad Saad Abou-Zaid (3 years old),Hisham Farag S-Hail (4years old), Hassouna Ibrahim Hassouna (9 yearsold), Ali FaragAbdussalam (12 years old), Fawzia Farag Abdussalam (14years old), AliIbrahim Hassouna, Mohammad Ibrahim Hassouna, FaragAbdussalamAsh-Shaafi, As-Sanousi Az-Zintani, Salih Masoud Bwaiseer,Rajab SolaimanAkasha, Soad Ibrahim Al-Hinghari, Amal Ben-AmirAl-Bakkoush, MiladAbol-Eed, Atia Kalifa Karbaj, As-Sadiq As-SwaieAbol-Qasim,Abdul-Hafeeth Mohammad Ali D-haim, Dr. Nouri Ali Jaafar,Dr. FatimaAl-Mabrouk Abo-Ghaighees, to name only a few of thepassengers murderedby jewish terror; and the crew: Jackques Berjes(pilot), Almahdi YounisAy-Yad (co-pilot), Majda Habeeb (hostess). "Libya: A Day to Remember" URL: http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/5260/plane.html. February 22. Jew Samuel J. Byck embarked on a sensationally bizarre scheme to kill President Richard Nixon.Hemurdered a security guard at the Baltimore/Washington airport,stormedinto a jet and demanded the pilots take off and follow hisorders. Hisplan was to crash the plane into the White House.Technically unable toaccommodate him, Byck murdered the two pilots.Police bullets thensmashed through one of the cabin-door windows,wounding Byck. Asauthorities moved in, he put the revolver to his headand pulled thetrigger. Under his body they found a briefcase gasolinebomb. After various incarnations, William Pierce forms The National Alliance. Klanleader David Duke is "disinvited" from a follow-up appearance onthe TomSnyder television show, at the request of Jewish groups, afterDukesuccessfully and calmly appears on the show once andpersuasivelyarticulates his goal to preserve pro-white EuropeanAmerican culture.(The other guests who appeared with Duke, who areJewish, are allowedto come back). Snyder calls Duke "intelligent" and"charming," which isexactly why the Jews refuse to allow him back."Trailer trash"one-tooth versions of White racialists are alwayswelcome on talkshows. If it makes racially proud Whites look backwardand ridiculous,it's approved; if it makes them look intelligent andcharming, it'sforbidden. This is an inevitable consequence of Jewsowning most mediaand activist Jews swarming on and pulling advertisingdollars fromnon-Jewish owned media the moment they tolerate theslightest hint ofrespectable White racialism. AitharounMassacre (Israel/Palestine). Israeli jews perpetrate thismassacrestarting with a booby-trapped bomb. Then Israeli jews detainthreebrothers, and kill them. They throw their bodies on the road. October15. Kawnin Massacre (Israel/Palestine). An Israeli jew tankdeliberatelyruns over a car carrying 16 people, murdering all of them. The U.N. General Assembly declares that Zionism is a form of racism, and that it violates a 1965 U.N. anti-racism declaration. Christmas Eve. Serial killer Jew David Berkowitz, aka "The Son of Sam"startshis killing spree in New York by stabbing a woman in the back assheleaves a corner store. His murders would continue via a differentmodusoperandi: he liked to shoot women sitting in parked cars orwalking homealone at night with his .44 caliber bulldog, oftenindicating that hebelieved he was being instructed to do so by demons.This Jew murdered 6 women before he was caught. He's now (2002) one of the few criminal Jews in prison. The strange significance of the Oscar-winning movie NETWORK(1976,United Artists/MGM). The very thing that they warn about in themovie(control of the media by ethnic/foreign outsiders) hasactuallyhappened, but with the exact opposite persons as thecontrollers ofthat media, i.e., Jews instead of Arabs. HaninMassacre (Israel/Palestine). After atwo-month siege and hours ofshelling, the jewish occupation forcesstorm the village and murder 20indigenous Palestinians. Bint Jbeil Massacre(Israel/Palestine). The crowded market is thetarget of a sudden barrageof Israeli bombs, murdering 23 and maiming30 indigenous Palestiniancivilians. Pedophilic nature of Jewish "religious" rituals captured on film. Warning: Disgusting. Rabbis sucking blood from the newly circumcised baby penis is religious "ritual." Britain. "Safe" bands expressing non-specific rage and marketable rebellion, like The Sex Pistols, or giving voice to false alternative leftist, pro-communist revolt, like The Clash,gainedmajor media attention and were lauded as harbingers of "Punk," anewmusical form. Meanwhile, with far less mainstream fanfare, atrulyalternative, truly rebellious, highly focused voice of rageemerged:Ian Stuart's now-claasic White Power band Screwdriver. Jew Ribicoff Amendment makes it illegal to boycott Israel.Israel,NO! South Africa or anyone else, just fine. During themid-1970's theUnited States adopted two laws that seek to counteractthe participationof U.S. citizens in other nation's economic boycottsor embargoes. These"antiboycott" laws are the 1977 amendments to theExport AdministrationAct (EAA) and the Ribicoff Amendment to the 1976Tax Reform Act (TRA). Threetop U.S. colleges drop now-common Middle Eastern studiesprograms, afterthe Jewish AJC complains that the much-needed fundingwill come from anArab-owned endowment. "No Arabs controlling ideas inAmerica, justJews!" say the Jews. March. Khiam Massacre(Israel/Palestine). Following nightlybombardment, jewish soldiersinvade the town and kill whomever theymeet. Jews murder 100 Palestiniancivilians and completely destroy thetown. William Pierce publishes The Turner Diariesunderthe pen-name Andrew MacDonald. It becomes the best-sellingmilitiarevolution novel ever. The press links it to virtually everyact ofdomestic terrorism (that is, domestic terrorism NOT committed bytheJews). Jews make a television mini-series about their"Holocaust," titled "TheHolocaust." Millions watch and weep. (Nomention is made of theBolshevik holocaust, in which far many moremillions of Christians weremurdered, or why Jews might have beenoppressed for centuries andtargeted by Hitler in the 20th century, asthey were repeatedly throughcenturies past). The "Holocaust�" (capitalH trademarked) functions intwo politically advantageous ways for Jewishcollectivism. Mostobviously, it functions to establish their "victimstatus," whichprotects them and Israel from criticism of almost anykind, whiledemanding billions of dollars in financial and militarysupport fromWestern nations, in addition to the money they've sued forand beengranted as "reparations." Less obviously, and for this reasonmoredangerously true, horrendous stories of the "unprecedented evil" oftheHolocaust� obscure the fact that Hitler's condemnation of the Jewswasmerely the latest in a historical series of suchcondemnations.Activists Jews alternately emphasize their "long historyof suffering"and the "historical singularity" of the Nazi Holocaust�depending onwhich position is politically advantageous at the moment.The "longhistory of suffering" story generates purse-opening pity;the"historical singularity" of the Holocaust� story-it has become theveryparadigm of evil in the today's world-dissuades objective scholarsfromquestioning whether Jewish "persecution" may have actuallybeenpolitical "prosecution" for their crimes against their hostcultures.It reinforces the idea that Jews are targeted for no goodreason, thatthey are once again victims of blind White hatred. Jewish"suffering,"regardless of its historical truth, is today a politicaltrump

in the KB using distributional semantic relatedness between the target node $e2$ and the intermediate nodes $en$ as a heuristic method. \begin{figure}[ht] \centering \includegraphics[height=5.2cm]{DNA.eps} \caption{Selection of meaningful paths} \label{exampleKB} \end{figure} \subsection{Neural Entity/Relation Model} The Distributional Navigational Algorithm provides a pre-filtering of the relations maximizing the semantic relatedness coherence. This can be complemented by a predictive model which takes into account the likelihood of a sequence of relations, i.e. the likelihood of a composition sequence. The goal is to systematically compute the sequence of probabilities of a relation composition, in a similar fashion to a language model. For this purpose we use a Long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network architecture (Figure \ref{fig:LSTM}) \cite{hochreiter1997long}. \begin{figure}[ht] \centering \includegraphics[height=12.2cm]{LSTM.eps} \caption{The LSTM-CSRC architecture} \label{fig:LSTM} \end{figure} \begin{algorithm}[ht] \caption{Composite Semantic Relation Classification} \label{euclid} \begin{algorithmic} \State $I : $ \textit{sentences of semeval 2010-Task 8 dataset} \State $O : $ \textit{predefined entity pairs ($e_1$, $e_2$)} \State $W :$ \textit{words in I} \State $R :$ \textit{related relations of $w$} \ForAll{$s \in I$}: \State $S \gets $ \textit{If entities of} $s$ \textit{are connected in a } $OTHER$ \textit{ relation} \EndFor \ForAll{$s \in S$}: \State $ ep \gets$ \textit{predefined entity pairs of }$ s $ \State $ p \gets $ \textit{find all path of} $ ep $ \textit{in ConceptNet (with maximum paths of size 3)} \ForAll{$i \in p$}: \State $sq_i \gets $ \textit{avg similarity score between each word pairs \cite{barzegar2015dinfra} } \EndFor \State $ msq \gets$ \textit{find max } $sq$ \ForAll{$i \in p$}: \State \textit{filter } $i$ \textit{ If } $sq_i <$ $msq$ - $\frac{msq}{2}$ \EndFor \State $ dw \gets $ \textit{convert } $s$ \textit{ into suitable format for deep learning} \EndFor \State $ model \gets$ \textit{learning LSTM with } $dw$ \textit{ dataset} \end{algorithmic} \end{algorithm} \section{Baseline Models}\label{baseline} As baselines we use bigram language models which define the conditional probabilities between a sequence of semantic relations $r$ after entities $e$, i.e. $P(r \mid e)$. The performance of baselines systems is measured using the \textit{CSRC\footnote{Composite Semantic Relation Classification} $Cloze$ task}, as defined in section \ref{cloze} where we hold out the last relation and rate a system by its ability to infer this relation. \begin{itemize} \item \textbf{Random Model: } This is the simplest baseline, which outputs randomly selected relation pairs. \item \textbf{Unigram Model: } Predicts the next relation based on unigram probability of each relation which was calculated from the training set. In this model, relations are assumed to occur independently. \item \textbf{Single Model: } The single model is defined by \cite{jans2012skip}: \begin{equation} \label{eq1} \begin{split} P(r\mid e) = \frac{P(r, e)}{P(e)} \end{split} \end{equation} where $P(r \mid e)$ is the probability of seeing $e$ and $r$, in order. Let $A$ be an ordered list of relations and entities, $\left | A \right |$ is the length of R, For $i = 1, .., \left | A \right |$, define $a_i$ to be the $ith$ element of A. We rank candidate relations r by maximizing F(r,a), defined as \begin{equation} \label{eq2} \begin{split} F(r,a)= \sum_{i=1}^{\left | A \right |-1} log P(r \mid a_i) \end{split} \end{equation} where the conditional probabilities $P(r \mid a_i)$ calculated using (1). \item \textbf{Random Forest: } is an ensemble learning method for classification and other tasks, that operate by constructing a multitude of decision trees at training time and outputting the class that is the mode of the classes. Random decision forests correct for decision trees' habit of overfitting to their training set. \end{itemize} \section{Experimental Evaluation}\label{evaluation} \subsection{Training and Test Dataset} \label{cloze} The evaluation dataset was generated by collecting all pairs of entity mentions in the Semeval 2010 task 8 \cite{hendrickx2009semeval} which had no attached semantic relation classification (i.e. which contained the relation label \textit{"OTHER"}). For all entities with unassigned relation labels, we did a $Conceptnet$ lookup \cite{speer2012representing}, where we generated all paths from sizes 1, 2 and 3 (number of relations) occurring between both entities($e_1$ and $e_2$) and their relations ($R$). For example:\\ $\textbf{e1} - R1_i - \textbf{e2}$ \\ $\textbf{e1} - R1_i - \textbf{X1}_n - R2_j - \textbf{e2}$ \\ $\textbf{e1} - R1_i - \textbf{X1}_n -R2_j - \textbf{X2}_m - R3_k - \textbf{e2}$ where $X$ contains the intermediate entities between the target entity mentions \textbf{e1} and \textbf{e2}. In next step, the Distributional Navigational Algorithm (DNA) is applied over the entity paths\cite{freitas2014distributional}. In the final step of generating training \& test datasets, the best paths are selected manually out of filtered path sets. From 602 entity pairs assigned to the \textit{"OTHER"} relation label in Semeval, we found $27,415$ paths between $405$ entity pairs in ConceptNet. With the Distributional Navigation Algorithm (DNA), meaningless paths were eliminated, and after filtering, we have $2,514$ paths for $405$ entity-pairs. Overall we have $41$ relations and $964$ entities. All paths were converted into the following format which will be input into the neural network: $\textbf{e}_1 - R1_i - \textbf{X1}_n -R2_j - \textbf{X2}_m - R3_k - \textbf{e}_2 $ (Table \ref{Training1}). \begin{table}[ht] \caption{Training data-set for CSRC model} \label{Training1} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|l|l|} \hline input & Classification \\ \hline $\textbf{e}_1$ $\textbf{e}_2$ $\textbf{X1}_n $ & $\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{R1}_i}$ \\ \hline $\textbf{e}_1$ $\textbf{e}_2$ $\textbf{X2}_m$ $\textbf{X1}_n$ $\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{R1}_i}$ & $\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{R2}_i}$ \\ \hline $\textbf{e}_1$ $\textbf{e}_2$ $\textbf{X2}_m$ $\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{R2}_i}$ $\textbf{X1}_n$ $\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{R1}_i} $ & $\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{R3}_i}$ \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \end{table} We provide statistics for the generated datasets in the Tables \ref{test-baseline} and \ref{Trainingdataset}. In Table \ref{Trainingdataset} our dataset is divided into a training set and a test set with scale ($75-25\%$), also we used $25$ percent of the training set for cross-validation, $3120$ examples for training, $551$ for validation and $1124$ for testing. Table \ref{test-baseline} shows statistics for test dataset of baseline models. \begin{table}[ht] \caption{Number of different length in the test dataset for baseline models} \label{test-baseline} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline Test Dataset & \# Length 2 & \# Length 4 & \# Length 6 \\ \hline Baselines & 245 & 391 & 432 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \end{table} \begin{table}[ht] \caption{Dataset for LSTM model} \label{Trainingdataset} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline Dataset & \# Train & \# Dev & \# Test \\ \hline CSRC & 3120 & 551 & 1124 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \end{table} \subsection{Results} To achieve the classification goal, we generated a LTSM model for the composite relation classification task. In our experiments, a batch size 25, and epoch 50 was generated. An embedding layer using Word2Vec pre-trained vectors was used. In our experiment, we optimized the hyperparameters of the LSTM model. After several experiments, the best model is generated with: \begin{itemize} \item Inputs length and dimension are $6$ and $303$, respectively. \item Three hidden layers with $450$, $200$ and $100$ nodes and $Tanh$ activation, \item Dropout technique ($0.5$), \item $Adam$ optimizer. \end{itemize} We experimented our LSTM model with three different pre-training embedding word vector models: \begin{itemize} \item Word2Vec (Google News) with 300 dimensions \item Word2Vec (Wikipedia 2016) with 30 dimensions \item No pre-training word embedding \end{itemize} The accuracy for the configuration above after 50 epochs is shown in the table below. \begin{table}[ht] \caption{Validation Accuracy} \label{Accuracy} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline CRSC & W2V Google\_News & W2V Wikipedia & No Pre Training \\ \hline Accuracy & 0.4208 & 0.3841 & 0.2196 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \end{table} Table \ref{evaluation_results} contains the Precision, Recall, F1-Score and Accuracy. \begin{table}[!htbp] \caption{\label{evaluation_results}Evaluation results on baseline models and our approach, with four metrics} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|} \hline Method & Recall & Precision & F1 Score & Accuracy \\ \hline Random & 0.0160 & 0.0220 & 0.0144 & 0.0234 \\ \hline Unigram & 0.0270 & 0.0043 & 0.0074 & 0.1606 \\ \hline Single & 0.2613& 0.2944 & 0.2502 & 0.3793 \\ \hline Random Forest & 0.2476 & \textbf{0.3663} & 0.2766 & 0.3299 \\ \hline \textbf{LSTM-CSRC} & \textbf{0.3073} & 0.3281 & \textbf{0.3119} & \textbf{0.4208} \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \end{table} Between the evaluated models, the LSTM-CSRC achieved the highest F1 Score and Accuracy. The Single model achieved the second highest accuracy $0.3793$ followed by Random forest model $0.3299$. The LSTM approach provides an improvement of 9.86 \% on accuracy over the baselines, and 11.31 \% improvement on the F1-score. Random Forest achieved the highest precision, while LSTM-CSRC achieved the highest recall. The extracted information from confusion matrix show in Tables \ref{ConfusionPart1} and \ref{ConfusionPart2}. \begin{table}[ht] \caption{The extracted information from Confusion Matrix - Part 1} \label{ConfusionPart1} \begin{center} \resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{ \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l||l|l|l|} \hline Relation & \shortstack{ \# Correct \\ Predicted} & \shortstack{\# Correct \\Predicted Rate} & Relation & \shortstack{ \# Correct \\ Predicted}& \shortstack{\# Correct \\Predicted Rate} \\ \hline notisa & 2 & 1 & memberof & 1 & 0.5 \\ \hline atlocation & 172 & 0.67 & hasa & 24 & 0.393 \\ \hline notdesires & 6 & 0.666 & hassubevent & 12 & 0.378 \\ \hline similar & 5 & 0.625 & partof & 16 & 0.374 \\ \hline desires & 36 & 0.593 & haspropertry & 12 & 0.375 \\ \hline hasprerequest & 23 &

at some point. But after a short spell of silence I was treated to a barrage of denial, justification and misdirection. Highlights included ignorant smears against FoE (a leftist conspiracy against Monsanto: "They're like a dog with a bone", "They're anti-business", "They hate success"), evidence-free assertions that glyphosate isn't as bad as some of the other chemicals out there ("I'm sure there are much worse things on my driveway", "What about all the petrol fumes and machine oils?"), strong implications that there's nothing you can do about it and you just have to accept & cope with it as best you can, blaming consumers for demanding cheap food with disregard for the consequences (an old disagreement – I think the manufacturing processes call the tune and people adjust their habits accordingly, largely because they have no choice. If it's all demand driven why the need for so much advertising?) and reiterating the supposed economic imperative of the company needing to use Roundup because "If we don't someone else will – they will get the work and we will lose out". I couldn't think of any way to respond productively to all this, so I did my usual bit of listening while The Man With Experience lays out The Story of How Things Are, while making a conscious effort to keep it at arms length and not internalise it all automatically, reserving my own conclusions for a later date. For now, apart from having the usual Upton Sinclair quote ringing in my ears ('It is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends upon his not understanding it') I'm thinking this 'If not me someone else – but worse' is a bullshit excuse that has probably been used by every tyrant and holocaust-facilitator in history. But what's the truly responsible course of action? Personal boycotts might be morally satisfying but they don't really have an effect on the system as a whole unless coordinated and specifically targeted (so why not conspire against Monsanto 😀 ). Otherwise I think it's broadly true that you just take yourself out of the competition, leaving another to take what would have been your share. You may not consider it to be worth taking in the first place, but that's irrelevant if your concern lies with how things play out in the bigger picture. My unscrupulous colleague has more earning potential than me by not 'turning down work' in this way. One day this may be the crucial difference between us if the boss decides to lay one of us off. Whatever happens those driveways will continue to get sprayed in the meantime… Maybe the answer lies in talking to the clients and wider public, ensuring this information gets out to them and perhaps persuading them to change their habits. Comparing the garden sheds of older and younger generations offers some hope – you often find a massive cocktail of lethal, long-expired chemicals in older sheds and much less in the younger ones, indicating a growing distrust of these industrial poisons and a greater inclination towards organic principles. But then, if this process of change is in reality driven by manufacturing practices and mass PR indoctrination rather than consumer demand, appeals to reason and emotion might not cut it. Answers on a postcard as usual! Here's the stuff on urine concentration: Having checked out the original paper, I see that, of the ten samples from the UK, seven had a level of glyphosate higher than 0.15μg per litre of urine (the 'Limit of Quantitation (LOQ)' below which the chemical is apparently considered to not be present) – hence the 70% detection rate, which could actually be 100% as far as I can make out. The mean average is 0.47μg/L, second only to Malta at 0.82μg/L, with the lowest averages coming from Switzerland, Macedonia and Hungaria at 0.09μg/L. There were two UK results over 1μg/L with the highest coming in at 1.64μg/L, second only to the unfortunate individual from Latvia with 1.82μg/L (see table 4 on p.12). The paper gives a 'reference value' of 0.8μg/L but I don't understand what this is meant to indicate and can't make head or tail of their explanation: The reference values for Glyphosate and AMPA are only tentative. They were derived from an urban collective (n=90) and are defined as the 95. percentile of the measured values. They were established by Medical Laboratory Bremen in 2012 during the process of the method validation. Strictly speaking they are only valid to the region of Bremen. Any enlightening comments from someone from a more scientific background much appreciated! It doesn't seem like regulators have decided on a 'safe' level of glyphosate in human urine. The main focus (and controversy) revolves around something Orwellian called 'Acceptable Daily Intake' relative to the total body weight rather than the fluid content of urine. In the EU this has been set at 0.3 mg per kg of body weight (mg = 1000x greater than μg) but there is a stink about the way in which they arrived at this figure – from the FoE report, 'Concerns about glyphosate's approval' (pdf): One of the core purposes of pesticide safety assessment is to set the 'acceptable daily intake' (ADI) for people's everyday exposure to the chemical, for example through residues in food. In its 1999 evaluation of glyphosate, the German authorities proposed a high ADI for glyphosate of 0.3 mg per kilogram of body weight. They calculated this figure by reviewing the industry feeding trials using glyphosate and choosing the one they felt to be most sensitive to the effects of the chemical. In this case, the German authorities considered the most sensitive test to be a rat feeding trial. From this they calculated the 'no observed adverse effect level' (NOAEL). The ADI was then set at 100 times lower than this [10]. This ADI of 0.3 mg/kg was agreed by the European Commission, and is now law. But even four of the companies applying for approval of glyphosate differed in their interpretations of the industry feeding trials – based on the same studies; they suggested the ADI should be lower, ranging from 0.05mg/kg to 0.15 mg/kg [11]. In 2012, the ADI for glyphosate was re-examined by a group of scientists (including four professors) from universities in the UK and Brazil [12]. When they looked at the industry-funded feeding trials assessed by the German authorities, they noted some studies showed adverse effects at lower doses than in the rat feeding trial, but these findings had been ruled out for various reasons. They claim this led to "significant bias" in the data used. They commented that, if all the industry-funded studies had been included, a "more objectively accurate" ADI would be 0.1 mg/kg bodyweight per day. The group then examined the findings of independent trials of glyphosate published in scientific journals since 2002. Based on these, they concluded the ADI should correctly be 0.025mg/kg bodyweight per day, or "12 times lower than the ADI… currently in force in the EU". The ADI for glyphosate is not monitored. I don't know how the concentration of glyphosate in urine would relate to the concentration coming in the other end. What seems obvious is that the approach of finding an 'acceptable' level of any poisonous substance favours the industry manufacturing that substance at the expense of those humans and nonhumans who get lumbered with the job of storing it in their bodies. ADI? Try UDI! Tags:adverts, agriculture, ecology, extinction, friends of the earth, gardening, gm crops, herbicide, monsanto, roundup Posted in Disturbed Politics, Disturbed Propaganda, Encounters, Endangered, Whistleblowing | 2 Comments » War on badgers; war on wildness For the record: I oppose DEFRA's proposed badger cull, which I recently read 'could wipe

Executive Order 6102) and were forbidden to own monetary gold for the next four decades. Subsequently, gold was revalued from $20.67 per ounce to $35 per ounce. U.S. dollars remained redeemable in gold by foreigners until 1971. Gold ownership was legalized in the U.S. in 1974, but not with legal tender status. As bad as the Great Depression was, it took place during a period of high productivity growth, which caused real wages to rise. The high unemployment was partly a result of the productivity gains, allowing the number of hours of the standard work week to be cut while restoring economic output to previous levels after a few years. Workers who remained employed saw their real hourly earnings rise because wages remained constant while prices fell; however, overall earnings remained relatively constant because of the reduced work week. Converting the dollar to a fiat currency and devaluing against gold ensured the end of deflation and created inflation, which made the high debt accumulated during the 1920s boom easier to repay, although some of the debt was written off. The Eastern Bloc in the 1980s and 90s During the 1980s, the Eastern Bloc, which relied on a highly centralized form of planned economy, experienced a decade-long period of stagnation from which it did not recover. The end of the decade saw revolutions and the fall of communist regimes throughout Central and Eastern Europe, and eventually in the Soviet Union (USSR) by 1991. The process was accompanied by a gradual but important easing of restrictions on economic and political behaviour in the late 1980s, including the satellite states, culminating with economic collapse and shock therapy in the 1990s. Even before Russia's financial crisis of 1998, Russia's GDP was half of what it had been in the early 1990s. The collapse in the USSR was characterized by an increase in the death rate, especially by men over 50, with alcoholism a major cause. There was also an increase in violent crime and murder. The Russian population peaked in the 1990s and is lower today than two decades ago, as the demographics of Russia show. A firsthand account of conditions during the economic collapse was told by Dmitry Orlov, a former USSR citizen who became a US citizen but returned to Russia for a time during the crisis. Russian financial crisis of 1998 After more or less stabilizing after the disintegration of the USSR, a severe financial crisis took place in the Russian Federation in August 1998. It was caused by low oil prices and government expenditure cuts after the end of the Cold War. Other nations of the former Soviet Union also experienced economic collapse, although a number of crises also involved armed conflicts, like in the break-away region Chechnya. The default by Russia on its government bonds in 1998 led to the collapse of highly leveraged hedge fund Long Term Capital Management, which threatened the world financial system. The U.S. Federal Reserve organized a bailout of LTCM which turned it over to a banking consortium. 1998–2002 Argentine great depression The depression, which began after the Russian and Brazilian financial crises, caused widespread unemployment, riots, the fall of the government, a default on the country's foreign debt, the rise of alternative currencies and the end of the peso's fixed exchange rate to the US dollar. The economy shrank by 28 percent from 1998 to 2002. In terms of income, over 50 percent of Argentines were poor and 25 percent, indigent; seven out of ten Argentine children were poor at the depth of the crisis in 2002. By the end of November 2001, people began withdrawing large sums of dollars from their bank accounts, turning pesos into dollars, and sending them abroad, which caused a bank run. The freeze enraged many Argentines who took to the streets of important cities, especially Buenos Aires. They engaged in protests. The president De la Rúa eventually fled the Casa Rosada in a helicopter on 21 December 2001. Zimbabwe economic crisis (2000-present) Zimbabwe has had an economic crisis since the early 2000s with some periods of partial recovery inbetween. Hyperinflation peaked at an estimated 89.7 sextillion percent year-on-year in November 2008 then stabilising after the local currency was abandoned. In May 2020, annual inflation reached more than 800% following the reintroduction of the local currency, after which the government stopped releasing statistics as they had previously done over a decade earlier. GDP contracted from 2001 to 2008 and from 2018 to present. Venezuela economic crisis (2013–present) Since 2013, Venezuela has been suffering an economic crisis. It's the worst in Venezuelan history, caused by the economic policies of the president, Nicolás Maduro the successor of Hugo Chávez, the fall in oil prices and internal and external factors. Since 2014, Venezuela's GDP has been in recession, falling more 40%. The economy has collapsed, causing shortages of basics goods, economic downturn and hyperinflation since 2017. Also, there are drastic increases in the crime, corruption, poverty and hunger. Millions of Venezuelans have fled to neighboring countries. Other economic trends In Latvia, GDP declined more than 20% from 2008 to 2010, one of the worst recessions on record. In Greece, GDP declined more than 26% starting in 2008. Doom loop In economics, a doom loop is "a negative spiral that can result when banks hold sovereign bonds and governments bail out banks". It can lead to economic collapse. In 2021, Italian and French banks increased their holdings of sovereign debt to slightly worrying levels, as a result of stimulus spending and monetary policy. Alternative theories Austrian school Some economists (i.e. the Austrian School, in particular Ludwig von Mises), believe that government intervention and over-regulation of the economy can lead to the conditions for collapse. In particular, Austrian theoretical research has been focused on such problems emanating from socialist forms of economic organization. This however is not a theory of economic collapse involving the breakdown of freely functioning financial markets; rather, the focus is on economic malfunction and crisis emanating from state control. However, many Austrian economists also subscribe to what is called the "ABCT", or Austrian Business Cycle Theory. Economist Roger Garrison describes the bubble as merely a form of unsustainable boom (not a theory of all depression), as Mises and F.A. Hayek did, despite their disagreements on the exact workings of it. The essential part of the theory is that it is inherently unsustainable to try to manipulate monetary policy to boost both investment and consumption; usually through interest rate manipulation and bond-buying and such. The "boom" was created by "malinvestments," as Mises called them; business decisions that are bad investments and unsustainable in the long run because lowering interest rates by padding the supply of money and credit will only work in the short-term, but will ultimately collapse because the government can only hold down interest rates so long before fear of inflation kicks in (and deflation comes at the peak of the business cycle), or they go into hyperinflation (which is completely outside the realm of the ABCT). Georgescu-Roegen's theory of Earth's ever decreasing carrying capacity Romanian American economist Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, a progenitor in economics and the paradigm founder of ecological economics, has argued that the carrying capacity of Earth—that is, Earth's capacity to sustain human populations and consumption levels — is bound to decrease sometime in the future as Earth's finite stock of mineral resources is presently being extracted and put to use; and consequently, that the world economy as a whole is heading towards an inevitable future collapse, leading to the demise of human civilisation itself. Georgescu-Roegen is basing his pessimistic prediction on the two following considerations: According to his ecological view of 'entropy pessimism', matter and energy is neither created nor destroyed in man's economy, only transformed from states available for human purposes (valuable natural resources) to states unavailable for human purposes (valueless

of 1:43.86. For his third race, the 200-meter butterfly, Phelps won the gold and bettered his own world record of 1:53.71 with a time of 1:52.09. For his fourth race, the 200-meter individual medley, Phelps set his third world record with a time of 1:54.98, bettering his own world-record time of 1:55.84 For his fifth race, the 4×200-meter freestyle relay, Phelps swam the lead-off leg in 1:45.36 as the American team of Ryan Lochte, Klete Keller, and Peter Vanderkaay went on to win the gold medal and beat the previous world record set by Australia in 2001 with a time 7:03.24. For his sixth race, the 100-meter butterfly, Phelps edged out Ian Crocker 50.77 to 50.82 to win his sixth gold medal. For his seventh event, the 400-meter individual medley, Phelps won the gold medal in a world-record time of 4:06.22, more than 3.5 seconds ahead of Ryan Lochte. By winning seven gold medals, Phelps broke the record of six set by Ian Thorpe at the 2001 World Championships. The 4×100-meter medley relay team would have competed in the final, but received a disqualification for a false start during a changeover in the heats, ending Phelps's chance of eight gold medals. Even though Phelps competed in the backstroke in international competition only once (at the 2006 Pan Pacific Championships), he was among the best backstroke swimmers in the world. This is illustrated by his personal best times set in 2007, four months after the World Championships. At the US Nationals in Indianapolis on August 1, 2007, Phelps swam a 1:54.65 in the 200-meter backstroke, which was the third fastest of all time in the event, 0.33 of a second off the world record of 1:54.32 held by Ryan Lochte. Two days later Phelps swam a time of 53.01 sec in the 100-meter backstroke, 0.03 of a second short of the world record of 52.98 held by Aaron Peirsol and the second-fastest performance of all time. In 2007 Phelps swam into the all-time top 3 performances in seven individual events, four of these being world records. At the 2008 U.S. Olympic Team Trials, Phelps competed in six individual events. In his first event, the 400-meter individual medley, Phelps broke his own world record of 4:06.22 with a time of 4:05.25. In his second event, the 200-meter freestyle, Phelps won with a time of 1:44.10, ahead of Peter Vanderkaay's time 1:45.85. In his third event, the 100-meter freestyle, Phelps placed second in his heat with a time of 47.92, ensuring him a spot on the relay. In his fourth event, the 200-meter butterfly, Phelps won with a time of 1:52.20. In his fifth event, the 200-meter individual medley, Phelps broke his own world record of 1:54.98 with a time of 1:54.80. In his sixth and final event, the 100-meter butterfly, Phelps won with a time of 50.89. When asked about his chances of winning eight gold medals in Beijing, Phelps said, "I am going to prepare for that meet just like I do every other meet ... There is only so much I can do in a month and then I am going to prepare myself the best that I can." Phelps set an Olympic record in the preliminary heats of the 400-meter individual medley. He followed that up in the final by winning the gold medal, as well as breaking his previous world record by nearly two seconds. Phelps swam the first leg of the 4×100-meter freestyle relay in a time of 47.51 seconds (an American record for the 100-meter freestyle), and won his second gold medal of the 2008 Olympics, as well as setting his second world record of the Olympics (3:08.24). Teammate Jason Lezak, after beginning the anchor leg more than half a body length behind Alain Bernard, managed to finish ahead of the second-place French team by eight hundredths of a second. The top five teams in the final finished ahead of the world record of 3:12.23 set the previous day by the American B team in a preliminary heat. For his third race, Phelps broke his previous world record in the 200-meter freestyle by nearly a second and won his third gold medal. He also set his third world record at the Olympics, 1:42.96, winning by nearly two seconds over silver medalist Park Tae-Hwan. In this race, Phelps became only the fifth Olympic athlete in modern history to win nine gold medals, joining Mark Spitz, Larisa Latynina, Paavo Nurmi, and Carl Lewis. The next day, Phelps participated in two finals. In his first event, the 200-meter butterfly, Phelps made it four gold medals and world records in four events by swimming the final in 1:52.03, defeating silver medalist László Cseh by almost seven-tenths of a second despite his goggles' having filled up with water and being unable to "see anything for the last 100 meters. This fourth gold medal was his tenth, and made him the all-time leader for most Olympic gold medals won by an individual in the modern Olympic era. Moreover, Phelps became the first swimmer, male or female, to win three Olympic butterfly titles, after his two titles in the Athens 2004 Olympics. He also became the first swimmer to successfully defend an Olympic butterfly title. Less than one hour after his gold medal victory in the 200-meter butterfly, Phelps swam the lead-off leg of the 4×200-meter freestyle relay. With Lochte, Ricky Berens, and Peter Vanderkaay, he won his fifth gold and set his fifth world record as the American team finished first with a time of 6:58.56. The Americans were the first team to break the seven-minute mark in the relay, and broke the previous record, set in Melbourne, Australia, by more than four and a half seconds. After taking a day off from finals (Phelps did swim in qualifying heats), Phelps won his sixth gold of the Beijing Games on August 15 by winning the 200-meter individual medley with a world record time of 1:54.23, finishing ahead of Cseh by over two seconds. Before the final of the 100-meter butterfly, US born Serbian swimmer Milorad Čavić caused a minor stir when he said it would be "good" if Phelps lost. "It'd be good for him if he loses. It would be nice if historians talk about Michael Phelps winning seven gold medals and losing the eighth to 'some guy.' I'd like to be that guy", Čavić said. Phelps responded, "When people say things like that, it fires me up more than anything." On August 16, Phelps won his seventh gold medal of the Games in the men's 100-meter butterfly, setting an Olympic record for the event with a time of 50.58 seconds and edging out his nearest competitor Čavić, by one hundredth (0.01) of a second. Unlike all six of his previous events in the 2008 Games, Phelps did not set a new world record, leaving intact Ian Crocker's world-record time of 50.40 seconds, set in 2005. Phelps's 0.01-second finish ahead of Čavić prompted the Serbian delegation to file a protest. Subsequent analysis of the video by the FINA panel, which required analyzing frames shot 1/10,000th of a second apart, was used to officially confirm Phelps's victory, but the images were not immediately released to the press. The initial refusal by official timekeeper Omega to release underwater photos of the finish also raised questions due to Phelps's sponsorship relationship with Omega. Čavić later wrote in his blog, "People, this is the greatest moment of my life. If you ask me, it should be accepted and we should move on. I've accepted defeat, and there's nothing wrong with losing to the greatest swimmer there has ever been." In April 2015 Spitz said he had been sent an email posted by Omega that had said

to certain vehicle responses and/or to perform certain operating actions or driving maneuvers, and to pay attention to the corresponding response made by the vehicle or by vehicle components. This means that guidance through the driving tutorial is given during a journey although not necessarily only when the vehicle is moving, but possibly also in temporary stationary periods, e.g. waiting at traffic lights. The user is preferably offered software that can be operated on the electronic device and downloaded from a remote platform, and that contains the catalogue of guided driving tutorials and performs a guided driving tutorial selected by the user. The guided driving tutorials offered can be adapted using data about the actual equipment fitted in the vehicle, with the user being offered only those driving instructions that can be performed by the actual equipment fitted in the vehicle. Automatically obtained data about the current manner of use of the vehicle can be used to adapt or restrict the guided driving tutorials offered, with the user being offered only those driving tutorials that are compatible with the current manner of use of the vehicle, e.g. with city traffic, daily short journeys, etc. Automatically obtained data about the current location of the vehicle and/or the general traffic situation at the location of the vehicle can be used to adapt or restrict the guided driving tutorials offered. The electronic device is preferably a mobile terminal, in particular a smartphone of the user, but can also be or include an infotainment system of the vehicle. The disclosure brings vehicle owners closer to their vehicle by offering them a simple, interactive and personalized way of learning and understanding features and functions implemented in their vehicle or even of understanding the behavior of their vehicle. The instructions can be given to the user visually, acoustically and/or haptically. Users are preferably given the opportunity to provide personalized feedback on their driving tutorials. For this purpose, reactions of users to instructions given are sent to a remote platform, where computer-aided analysis of these reactions is subsequently performed as to whether the user has understood the instructions correctly. It is thereby possible to improve instructions and questionnaires by degrees, for instance in terms of the information density, and also to tailor instructions and questionnaires to specific users or groups of users. The guided driving tutorials offered are preferably adapted to the reactions of the user, for instance by setting timers or by repeating instructions if the user has not managed an instructed operating action or a maneuver. Further improvements and additional analysis options are obtained if after finishing a guided driving tutorial, the user is presented with a questionnaire containing questions that relate directly to the guided driving tutorial taken, to prevent the questionnaire becoming unnecessarily long. The answers from the user are sent to a remote platform, where they are analyzed. The questions posed can depend on the reaction of the user, e.g. on answer times or mistake rates. The questions can be posed by a voice recognition system and generally can depend on data about the current manner of use of the vehicle and/or the current location of the vehicle. It can be advantageous to offer or perform guided driving tutorials only under certain conditions, which include certain traffic conditions (e.g. no traffic jam), certain visual conditions (e.g. weather and time of day) and certain conditions in the surroundings (e.g. city traffic). The method should only be performed when the user actively agrees to it and/or actively starts the method. At the start of a journey, the system can present the user with suggestions for the type of the guided driving tutorial, possibly depending on the vehicle location, the manner of use of the vehicle, the driving history, the vehicle equipment, etc. The method can be performed using what is known as an avatar, which gives the instructions belonging to the guided driving tutorials, and coordinates the communication with the electronic device. The avatar can be created or customized by the user. The method preferably includes rewarding a user who has fully or partly completed the guided driving tutorial with bonus points, which can be redeemed with the manufacturer of the vehicle or a vehicle dealer, for instance against merchandising articles or discounts for customer services. Exemplary embodiments are described below with reference to the drawing, in which the single FIGURE shows an overview of a system for guided driving tutorials. FIG. 1 shows an overview of a system for guided driving tutorials. As required, detailed embodiments of the present disclosure are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the disclosure that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The FIGURE is not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present disclosure. The system and method described below for guided driving tutorials can be implemented using any electronic device installed in a motor vehicle 1 or any portable electronic device located therein, although it is preferably implemented as application software, what is known as an application or app for short, mobile terminals such as, for example, a smartphone 2. In particular, the motor vehicle 1 may be a car. A vehicle user 3, who is sitting in the motor vehicle 1 with his smartphone 2, can use the app to access a catalogue of "guided driving tutorials", which match the actual equipment fitted in the vehicle, or are adapted thereto, for instance by reading the vehicle configuration, or can be adapted to the manner of use of the vehicle, for example driving in the city, driving using cruise control, name of the user etc., if this information is available with agreement of the user. The vehicle user 3 can download to his smartphone 2 a guided driving tutorial from the catalogue from a platform 4 of the vehicle manufacturer, which platform 4 is known as an app store. The apps for guided driving tutorials, which apps are stored on the platform 4, can be developed, for instance, via an open source interface 14 such as MyApp or OpenXC. An optional questionnaire at the end of the guided driving tutorial, to be completed or answered at the end of the journey. All three elements above are ideally provided to the vehicle user via what is known as an infotainment system 5 (e.g. such as the SYNC system provided by Ford Motor Company), which combines the display and operation of e.g. car radio, navigation system, instruments, displays and/or head-up displays, haptic actuators etc. (not shown). All types of instructions can thereby be given acoustically, visually and/or haptically. By following the short instructions given during the guided driving tutorial, the driver can find out the features, functions, behavior, capabilities etc. of his vehicle and gain experience. The system can be designed to analyze driver reactions in a suitable manner, for instance to wait until the driver has given the expected reaction such as pressing a button, and operating a pedal or a gear shift, for example. The infotainment system 5 can work through the questionnaire using voice communication between the system for guided driver tutorials and the driver. The answer could be recorded with agreement of the driver and/or interpreted directly by any voice recognition algorithms. The questionnaire should focus on the content of the guided driving tutorial, can also be adapted to how the driver performs the guided driving tutorial, and if the driver can

&=& M_0 \Biggl[ 1 - \frac{b_a}{8\pi^2} g_a^2(\mu_R) \ln\Biggl( \frac{M_{\rm mess}}{\mu_R} \Biggr) \Biggr], \label{eq:Ma-LE} \\ m_I^2(\mu_R) &=& M_0^2 \Biggl[ r_I - 4\, \Biggl\{ \gamma_I(\mu_R) - \frac{1}{2} \frac{d\gamma_I(\mu_R)}{d \ln\mu_R} \ln\Biggl( \frac{M_{\rm mess}}{\mu_R} \Biggr) \Biggr\} \ln\Biggl( \frac{M_{\rm mess}}{\mu_R} \Biggr) \Biggr], \label{eq:mi2-LE} \\ A_{IJK}(\mu_R) &=& M_0 \Biggl[ -(r_I+r_J+r_K) + 2 \Bigl\{ \gamma_I(\mu_R)+\gamma_J(\mu_R)+\gamma_K(\mu_R) \Bigr\} \ln\Biggl( \frac{M_{\rm mess}}{\mu_R} \Biggr) \Biggr], \label{eq:Aijk-LE} \end{eqnarray} where $M_a$, $m_I^2$ and $A_{IJK}$ are gaugino masses, non-holomorphic scalar squared masses, and scalar trilinear interactions (with the Yukawa couplings factored out), respectively. The indices $I,J,K$ run over $Q_i$, $U_i$, $D_i$, $L_i$, $E_i$, $H_u$, $H_d$, with $r_I$'s defined by $r_{Q_i} = r_{U_i} = r_{D_i} = r_{L_i} = r_{E_i} = 0$ and $r_{H_u} = r_{H_d} = 1$;% \footnote{The notation here follows that of Ref.~\cite{Kitano:2005wc} except that the sign convention for $A_{IJK}$ is reversed.} $g_a(\mu_R)$ are the running gauge couplings at a scale $\mu_R$, and $b_a$ and $\gamma_I(\mu_R)$ are the beta-function coefficients and the anomalous dimensions, respectively, defined by $d(1/g_a^2)/d\ln\mu_R = -b_a/8\pi^2$ and $d \ln Z_I/d \ln\mu_R = -2 \gamma_I$, where $Z_I$ is the wavefunction renormalization factor for the field $I$. The parameter $M_{\rm mess}$ is given by \begin{equation} M_{\rm mess} = f \frac{M_U}{(M_{\rm Pl}/m_{3/2})^{1/2}}, \label{eq:eff-mess} \end{equation} where $M_U$ represents the compactification scale, which is of the order of the unification scale $\approx 10^{16}~{\rm GeV}$, and $f$ is an $O(1)$ coefficient depending, e.g., on $A$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:W}). The parameter $M_0$ is defined in Eq.~(\ref{eq:F_T}) and represents the overall mass scale for the supersymmetry breaking parameters. The expressions of Eqs.~(\ref{eq:Ma-LE}~--~\ref{eq:Aijk-LE}) show that the supersymmetry breaking masses in this model take a very simple form: \begin{equation} M_1 = M_2 = M_3 = M_0, \label{eq:gaugino-masses} \end{equation} \begin{equation} m_{\tilde{Q}_i}^2 = m_{\tilde{U}_i}^2 = m_{\tilde{D}_i}^2 = m_{\tilde{L}_i}^2 = m_{\tilde{E}_i}^2 = 0, \qquad m_{H_u}^2 = m_{H_d}^2 = M_0^2, \label{eq:scalar-masses} \end{equation} \begin{equation} A_u = A_d = A_e = -M_0, \label{eq:Aterms} \end{equation} at the effective messenger scale \begin{equation} M_{\rm mess} \simeq \sqrt{M_U M_0} = O(10^9\!\sim\!10^{10}~{\rm GeV}), \label{eq:M_mess} \end{equation} where we have denoted the squark and slepton squared masses as $m_{\tilde{F}}^2$ ($F=Q_i,U_i,D_i,L_i,E_i$) and the scalar trilinear interaction parameters, which are flavor universal in the present model, as $A_u$, $A_d$ and $A_e$. (Our sign convention for the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters follows that of the SUSY Les Houches Accord~\cite{Skands:2003cj}.) Here, we have suppressed possible higher order corrections of $O(M_0^2/8\pi^2)$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:scalar-masses}).% \footnote{Approximate flavor universality for these corrections must be assumed in the case that $M_0$ is not much larger than a TeV.} Note that the spectrum of Eqs.~(\ref{eq:gaugino-masses}~--~\ref{eq:Aterms}) is identical with what would be obtained at the compactification scale in simple moduli mediated (or equivalently Scherk-Schwarz) supersymmetry breaking~\cite{Barbieri:2001yz}. The low-energy soft supersymmetry breaking parameters, defined at the weak scale $m_{\rm w}$, are then given by evolving Eqs.~(\ref{eq:gaugino-masses}~--~\ref{eq:Aterms}) down from $M_{\rm mess}$ to $m_{\rm w}$, or simply by using Eqs.~(\ref{eq:Ma-LE}~--~\ref{eq:mi2-LE}) for $\mu_R = m_{\rm w}$. \begin{figure}[t] \begin{center} \includegraphics[height=7.5cm]{running.eps} \end{center} \caption{Evolutions of soft supersymmetry breaking masses below $M_{\rm mess} = 5 \times 10^9~{\rm GeV}$ for $M_0 = 400~{\rm GeV}$ and $\tan\beta = 10$. Solid lines represent the gaugino masses ($M_3$, $M_2$ and $M_1$ from the top), dashed lines the first two generation sfermion masses ($m_{\tilde{Q}}$, $m_{\tilde{U}}$, $m_{\tilde{D}}$, $m_{\tilde{L}}$ and $m_{\tilde{E}}$ from the top), and dotted lines the Higgs mass parameter ($m_{H_d}$ and $m_{H_u}$ from the top). Here, $m_\Phi$ ($\Phi = \tilde{Q}, \tilde{U}, \tilde{D}, \tilde{L}, \tilde{E}, H_u, H_d$) is defined by $m_\Phi \equiv {\rm sgn}(m_\Phi^2) |m_\Phi^2|^{1/2}$. The pole mass for the top quark is chosen to be the central value of the recently reported range $m_t = 171.4 \pm 2.1~{\rm GeV}$~\cite{Brubaker:2006xn}.} \label{fig:model} \end{figure} In Fig.~\ref{fig:model}, we show the evolutions of the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters in the present model, taking $M_0 = 400~{\rm GeV}$, $M_{\rm mess} = 5 \times 10^9~{\rm GeV}$ and $\tan\beta \equiv \langle H_u \rangle/\langle H_d \rangle = 10$ for illustrative purposes. In the figure, we have taken the supersymmetry breaking masses of Eqs.~(\ref{eq:gaugino-masses}~--~\ref{eq:Aterms}) at the scale $M_{\rm mess}$, and evolved them down using the one-loop renormalization group equations of the MSSM. (The two-loop renormalization group equations have been used for the supersymmetric parameters.) Note that while the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters are depicted only for $\mu_R \leq M_{\rm mess}$, it should be understood that they are, in fact, generated at a scale of order $M_U$. (The squark and slepton squared masses are negative at scales above $M_{\rm mess}$, but this does not cause a problem since our vacuum is metastable at the time scale of the age of the universe.) Below, we will choose $M_0$ and $M_{\rm mess}$ to be free parameters of our analysis, since these parameters have $O(1)$ uncertainties that cannot be determined from the low-energy data alone. The value of $\tan\beta$ is determined by the Higgs sector parameters, $\mu$ and $\mu B$, whose origin we leave unspecified.% \footnote{We note that essentially all the conclusions below also apply in any theory in which the soft supersymmetry breaking masses take the form of Eqs.~(\ref{eq:gaugino-masses}~--~\ref{eq:Aterms}) at the scale of Eq.~(\ref{eq:M_mess}). These boundary conditions might arise, e.g., in a theory where the fundamental scale is at an intermediate scale or in a theory where there is a physical threshold at an intermediate scale.} A remarkable feature of the superparticle masses in Fig.~\ref{fig:model} is that the up-type Higgs mass-squared parameter crosses zero at the superparticle mass scale: \begin{equation} m_{H_u}^2(\mu_C) = 0 \qquad {\rm at} \qquad \mu_C \simeq M_0. \label{eq:mHu2} \end{equation} While the precise value of $\mu_C$ -- the scale where $m_{H_u}^2$ crosses zero -- depends on the values of $M_{\rm mess}$ and $\tan\beta$, it is of order $M_0$ for a wide range of these parameters. Note that $\mu_C$ does not depend on $M_0$, since the renormalization group equations are homogeneous in $M_0$. (If we take $M_U$ to be a free parameter, instead of $M_{\rm mess}$, then $\mu_C$ depends slightly on $M_0$ for a fixed $M_U$, through a weak dependence of $M_{\rm mess}$ on $M_0$.) In the example of $M_0 = 400~{\rm GeV}$ in Fig.~\ref{fig:model}, the value of $\mu_C$ is within a factor of $2$ from $M_0$ for $M_{\rm mess} \approx (10^9\!\sim\!10^{10})~{\rm GeV}$ for $\tan\beta \approx (5\!\sim\!30)$. (In fact, a value of $M_{\rm mess}$ giving $\mu_C$ within a factor of $2$ from $M_0$ can be found for $\tan\beta \approx (3\!\sim\!50)$. The mass squared for the right-handed stau, however, becomes negative at the weak scale for $\tan\beta \simgt 30$.) These results do not change significantly by including higher order effects, e.g. the two-loop renormalization group effects, or by varying the top quark mass within a 2$\sigma$ range of the recently reported value, $m_t = 171.4 \pm 2.1~{\rm GeV}$~\cite{Brubaker:2006xn}. At the leading order, we find from Eq.~(\ref{eq:mi2-LE}) that the scale $\mu_C$ is given by \begin{eqnarray} \mu_C &\approx& M_{\rm mess} \exp\Biggl( \frac{8\pi^2\Bigl( 6 y_t^2 - 3 g_2^2 - \sqrt{64 g_3^2 y_t^2 - 36 y_t^4 + 15 g_2^4} \Bigr)} {32 g_3^2 y_t^2 - 36 y_t^4 + 18 g_2^2 y_t^2 + 3 g_2^4} \Biggr) \nonumber\\ &\approx& 10^{-7} M_{\rm mess}, \label{eq:mu_C} \end{eqnarray} where the top Yukawa coupling, $y_t$, and the $SU(3)_C$ and $SU(2)_L$ gauge couplings, $g_3$ and $g_2$, are evaluated at the scale $\mu_R \simeq \mu_C$, and we have neglected the small effects from the bottom Yukawa coupling, $y_b$, and the $U(1)_Y$ gauge coupling, $g_1$. To obtain $\mu_C \simeq M_0$, a larger $M_0$ requires a larger $M_{\rm mess} \propto M_0$. For fundamental parameters of the theory, this implies $f \propto M_0$ (see Eq.~(\ref{eq:eff-mess})). Since the superparticle mass scale $M_0$ is close to $\mu_C$, we can evaluate the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters at the superparticle mass scale $M_0$ approximately by substituting Eq.~(\ref{eq:mu_C}) into Eqs.~(\ref{eq:gaugino-masses}~--~\ref{eq:Aterms}). This gives predictions for {\it all} the supersymmetry breaking masses, except for the holomorphic Higgs mass-squared parameter $\mu B$ (and $m_{H_u}^2$), in terms of the overall mass scale $M_0$ and the running gauge and Yukawa couplings at that scale. Note that we even do not have to know the value of $M_{\rm mess}$ -- for given values of $M_0$ and $\tan\beta$, which we need to obtain the values of the Yukawa couplings, we can predict all the supersymmetry breaking parameters

Closet Bathroom Design today is continuing to grow consequently quickly pass through your limits on the point out and also era. Closet Bathroom Design is regarded as a amazing do the job of your builder, although has became a new asset desired by simply each specific and function being a position symbolic representation. Closet Bathroom Design could be the in a new making because of a good architect or even custom made. With improvement Closet Bathroom Design may be growing speedily as well as pennyless with the boundaries in the state plus the time. By means of the outcome connected with engineering innovation, the level of social and economic living towards politics impact which has managed to adjust your function Closet Bathroom Design straight into items required with the buyer in order that development relies on your demand along with developments current on the market. When, everywhere is usually made for case in point Japanese environment, your surroundings of the Old, the environment Classic Modern-day, Typical, Classic and so forth, dependant upon what he would like the purchaser or even with respect to the foresight with the custom made inside building a pattern thatll be given or even which can be being sold on the market. You can definitely not halt most of these adjustments by upon the will certainly associated with its very own, for example Closet Bathroom Design must start using a pattern or perhaps layout in which employ at this time there, and so named nationalists. All of us be aware that almost any adjust will be then a propensity to get some sort of stability, in order that sprang completely new kinds and also this is true in all of the facets of human being lifestyle towards the lifestyle with out transforming this pattern or maybe model of an active just one, merely include. Steps or perhaps people behavior will alter the environment and also vice versa atmosphere also has impact on the type in addition to routine associated with human existence. A real circumstance will occur regularly and also each and every time anyone adjust the particular beliefs?? which were set up. It truly is complicated to determine the limitations of your energy and changes from the numbers of guarantee, since the phenomena in which take place through a shift inside the period. The particular influence with the tradition of technologies that expands the profile connected with globalization tends to make its limitations next shed as well as confused. On the other hand, on this web page you will definately get a variety of shapes along with habits you want perhaps furnished photographs of which will give you your creativity with no restricts should be to accentuate your house. Various assistance components which are general tradition is often a sociable process in which governs human being existence fairy as well as products included in the actual natural environment together with man dynamics will begin to have the ability to develop and still have a certain fashion. Inside the pattern notion Closet Bathroom Design today you can observe on the images offered on this website, so it may be you produce a reference substance and additionally spend less this photographs collectively in the personal computer, smart dataphone or additional repositories that could anytime you make use of to your home or perhaps include embellishments. The particular images are actually broken down by means of part and manufactured along with designed inside adventures that were standardised. Preferably this informative article can be useful to suit your needs throughout planning or remodelling the house. Charming Makeover Modern Bathroom ... Storage Packed Small Bathroom. Smart Bathroom Planning Keeps Necessities Handy And Out Of The Way. An Organizer On The Closet ... . Marvelous Closet In Bathroom View Full Size . Closet Turned Into Small Bathroom | Bathroom Reno | Bathroom, Small Bathroom, Powder Room . Beautiful Walk In Closet Bathroom Designs . Delightful Master Bathroom And Closet Suite Traditional Bathroom . Small Bathroom Closet Ideas YouTube . Awesome Imposing Design Closet Bathroom Design Bathroom Closet Design Photo Within Master Bathroom Closet Design Ideas For Inspire . Master Bathroom Master Closet Traditional Bathroom . Exceptional Bathroom With Closet Design Pleasing Master Bathroom And Closet Interesting Designs With Design . Dressing Room/bath Bathroom Closet, Ensuite Bathrooms, Master Bathroom, Closet Renovation, . Nice Example Of A Large Trendy Master Gray Tile And Glass Tile Porcelain Floor And White Floor . Attractive Appealing Bathroom Closet Design Ideas And Closet Bathroom Design Inspiring Good Closet Bathroom Design Of Good . Good Bathroom Closet Design . Built In Linen Closet Bathroom Storage Inspiration . Bathroom Closet Design Closet Bathroom Design Inspiring Fine Bathroom Design Bathroom Best Style . Elegant Walk In Closet With Bathroom Combination Design . Great Bathroom Linen Closet . Superior Bathroom Design Modern . ... Gorgeous 23 Closet Bathroom Design ... . Captivating Impressive Bathroom Closet Bathroom Closet Design Fine Bathroom Linen Closet Home Design . Here Are Some Tips To Have Creative And Functional Small Bathroom Storage. Donu0027t Hesitate To Use These Ideas And Tips Of Small Bathroom Storage To Make Your ... . High Quality Master Bathroom And Closet Layouts Luxury Master Bath Walk In Closet On Grey And White With . Master Bathroom And Closet ... . Perfect Closet In Bathroom Closet In Bathroom Closet Bathroom Design Of Fine Closet Bathroom Design With Fair . Superb Closet Bathroom Ideas Towel Closet Bathroom Design Ideas . Closet Bathroom Ideas ... . A Water Closet Offers Privacy In A Shared Bathroom. Add A Pocket Door With Frosted Glass To Allow Light In While Still Keeping The Space Separate. . [Bathroom Ideas] Design Bathroom Modern Closet. Modern Style Beautiful Walk In Closets Bathroom . ... Small Master Bathroom And Closet Design Lovely Closet Bathroom Design Well Master Bathroom Closet Design ... . Small Master Bathroom And Closet Design Fresh Bathroom Design Ideas Spectacular Bathroom And Walk In Closet . Walk In Closet Connected To Bathroom Modern Bathroom Design, Bathroom Interior Design, Bath Design . Closet In Bathroom Bathroom Closet Combination Design Bathroom Closet Combination Design Bathroom Closet Combination Design Bathroom . Closet In Bathroom ... . Walk In Closet Bathroom Closet Bathroom Design Closet Bathroom Design Master Bedroom With Walk In Closet . Walk In Closet Bathroom ... . Tiny House Closet Projects Idea Tiny House Bathroom Design 2 Ideas About On House Closet Bathrooms . Bathroom Farmhouse White Tile White Floor Bathroom Idea In Chicago With Recessed Panel Cabinets . View From Her Closet. Tagged In Bath DesignHudson ... . Bathroom And Walk In Closet Designs Master Bedroom With Walk In Closet And Bathroom Master Bedroom . Bathroom And Walk In Closet Designs ... . Bedroom Walk In Closet Designs Classy Design C Pjamteencom Master Bedroom Closet And Bathroom Design . Cool Closet Bathroom Design And Interior: More Than10 Ideas Home Cosiness . Cool Closet Bathroom Design And Interior Best Of Bathroom With Closet Design | Gregabbott Photo Gallery . Coolest Closet Bathroom Design H71 For Your Home Decor Arrangement Closest Bathroom Near Me Closet Bathroom Sink . Assessing Needs For A Bath Remodel . Tiny House Bathroom Wardrobe . Bathroom And Walk In Closet Designs Brown Rug For Small Bathroom And Walk In Closet Designs . Like The Recessed Medicine Cabinets Houzz Home Design, Decorating And Remodeling Ideas And Inspiration, Kitchen And Bathroom Design . For A Modern Bathroom Interior, Choose A Design Mirrored Closet With Integrated LED Lamp. In This Way, The Bathroom Is A Little Futuristic And Much More ... . Bathroom Closet Designs Bathroom Closet Design Fair Bathroom Closet Design With Goodly Bathroom Design Ideas Awesome . Bathroom Closet Designs ... . Bathroom Closet Organization Bathroom Closets Bathroom Closets Ideas Bathroom Closet Ideas Fresh Bathroom Closet Ideas Bathroom . Bathroom Cool Bathroom Modern Brown Bathrooms Design With White Closet Bathroom Combination Closet Bathroom Dimensions . Master Bath And Walk In Closet Designs Bathroom Design Layouts Linen Bat . Bathroom With Closet Design ... . ... Bathroom Closet Designs Small Decorating

Who Would Buy This: Duro-Med HealthSmart adjustable folding walking cane is the best ergonomic walking cane for anyone who needs to use one with an ergonomic handle, which they can easily grip. With this, using the cane to gain assistance when walking will be hassle-free. Stylish and attractive – This is the best ergonomic walking cane provided by Duro-Med as it does not limit users to plain and medical-looking canes. I love it as it is stylish enough, making it more inspiring to use. Strong anodized aluminum construction – The main material used in this ergonomic and adjustable walking cane is anodized aluminum. It's lightweight yet strong and sturdy, making it capable of handling up to 250-lb. users. Ergonomic handle and slip-resistant tip – The fact that this walking cane features an ergonomic handle means that it can fit your hands perfectly. Such handle is made of high-quality tip, which also means that it's comfortable. The fact that its rubber tip is slip-resistant also means that it promotes a firm grip on either the floor or pavement, keeping you safe. Carrying case requires improvement – The case that comes with the ergonomic walking cane is sub-par but you can improve it by having a wrist strap where you can hang it up. The best ergonomic walking cane from Duro-Med includes the HealthSmarAdjustable Folding Fancy Cane. It's worthy to buy as it's stylish and attractive, features an ergonomic handle and slip-resistant and secure rubber tip, and strong anodized aluminum construction. Who Would Buy This: RMS Designer Cane is the best ergonomic walking cane for anyone who needs a reliable daily mobility support because of their condition, handicap, disability or age. Exceptionally comfortable and fashionable – It is comfortable enough to use as it has a soft foam ergonomic grip on its handle, allowing you to hold it comfortably using your hands. This is also the most fashionable and the best ergonomic walking cane you can find as it boasts of its multiple patterns. Adjustable offset handle – You can make adjustments on the handle's height from around 30-39 inches. Lightweight yet reliable – While this ergonomic walking cane is made of aluminum, which is extremely lightweight, only around 8 ounces, you still have an assurance that it is a kind of mobility aid that you can rely on. It is also highly durable, making it capable of serving its purpose for a long time. Produces a clinking sound when walking – But you can quiet it down by putting an electrical tape around its extension. If you're in search of the best ergonomic walking cane, then the RMS Designer Cane with Adjustable Offset Handle will never let you down. It is highly reliable, durable and lightweight plus it boasts of its comfortable and fashionable pattern. Its adjustable offset handle is also a bonus. Milk extract, Aloe extract,Lavender extract, natural ingredients, completely safe and helps improving smoother feet. The most favorite foot mask for aged Calluses and Dead Skin. Easy to use: an simple four-step process: soak, open, apply, then wash away. No pain at all , just tender smooth feet. Fun to peel. Happy to enjoy the soft and attractive feet. Share with family and friends as a great gift. Manufacturer's Guarantee - 100% money back guarantee without questions asked, and no returns necessary. Who Would Buy This: Carex Soft Grip Cane is the best ergonomic walking cane, which targets those who are in great need of a mobility solution that can make them feel as comfortable as possible. Soft and ergonomic grip – I consider this the best ergonomic walking cane today as its handle is ergonomically shaped. Aside from being ergonomic, the grip is also soft, making it really comfortable. Anti-slip feature – Such feature further enhances the ability of the walking cane to provide security to users. I feel really safe when I'm using the cane because it can resist possible accidental slips. Innovative soft grip technology – The fact that it implements its highly innovative soft grip technology also means that there is less to no pressure on your wrist. Added bonus are the comfortable wrist straps. Produces some clicking sounds in each step – Such sounds are barely noticeable, though, so you won't find them bothersome. You will no longer have a hard time finding the best ergonomic walking cane as Carex Soft Grip Cane is now around. It implements its advanced soft grip technology plus ensures that there is an ergonomic grip on the handle. The anti-slip feature also keeps you safe each time you use the cane. COMFORTABLE WALKING: A derby style walking cane in metallic blue. The walking cane features a soft grip latex-free handle to decrease shock and hand fatigue. Easily adjustable height with the push of a button and includes a convenient wrist strap. TRUST CAREX, Carex has been a leading manufacturer of canes for women and canes for men for over 30 years with one goal: to let our consumers live healthier more independent lives. Trust our brand in your choice for walking sticks and canes. Who Would Buy This: The best ergonomic walking cane is now offered by Hugo Mobility. This specific walking cane targets everyone who needs a reliable walking or mobility assistance, which is also designed to make them feel extremely comfortable. Height adjustable – One thing that I like about this best ergonomic walking cane option is the fact that I can easily adjust its height to perfectly fit my needs. It can perfectly fit users who are around five feet to six feet and five inches. Offers maximum stability – One advantage of this walking cane is that it has a unique quad design. Such makes it possible for it to re-center itself, promoting a higher level of stability and independence. Ergonomic and comfortable handle – This walking cane from Hugo Mobility also features an ergonomically shaped handle. It has a shock-absorbing cushion, allowing you to feel utmost comfort when using it. The fact that it features a reflective strap also keeps you safe and secure when you're using it at night. Does not work too well on carpeted surfaces – But in that case, you can just lean it on something. The best ergonomic walking cane is no longer that hard to find with the Hugo Mobility Quadpod Offset Cane around. You will find this the most reliable mobility aid you can use every day with its height adjustable feature, unique quad design, which offers a high level of stability, and comfortable and ergonomically shaped handle. Who Would Buy This: Ez2Care Luxury adjustable folding cane is suitable for those who are looking for the best ergonomic walking cane that also boasts of a stylish and luxurious design. Ergonomic black handle – I think this is one of the highlights of this best ergonomic walking cane option. Such handle also features white/black geometric patterns, which signifies modern technological advancements. Such gives the handle a sharp and sleek design. Crystal decorated ring – Such further improves the elegant and luxurious look of this ergonomic walking cane. It makes the overall design of the cane more refined and artistic. Easy to fold and adjust – This feature gives you the freedom to adjust the height based on your preferences. Folding it is also easy, making it possible for you to store it conveniently. Wrist strap is quite too short – You can easily replace it with a lanyard, though, for maximum convenience. If comfort and style are what you're after, then the best ergonomic walking cane for you definitely comes in the form of the Ez2care Luxury Adjustable Folding Cane. It has an ergonomic black handle, elegant-looking crystal-decorated ring and foldable and adjustable construction, so it's worth its price. Black/white geometric pattern with ergonomic black handle is inspired by technological advancements in the modern era, giving an impression of sleek design and a

Home Game Misconduct The Basics of BioWare's Anthem The Basics of BioWare's Anthem …from BioMarkDarrah's Ask Me Almost Anything About Anthem 24-hour Twitter flood Rod Oracheski BioWare's upcoming action-RPG is attracting major attention after a hype-inducing outing at E3. BioWare's Mark Darrah recently held a Ask Me Anything About Anthem event on Twitter, and generated a flood of answers for those looking for the inside scoop on Anthem. Let's start with the obvious for those who have somehow not heard of it: Anthem is an action-RPG (roleplaying game) hybrid in the vein of recent BioWare games (think more Mass Effect and less Dragon Age) in which up to four friends can take to the land, air, and water of the ever-changing (and decidedly hostile) world of Anthem as a team of Freelancers in Javelin exosuits. Ranger, Colossus, Storm, and Interceptor Javelins are the four available – at least at launch, Darrah did allow for the possibility of adding suits down the road as downloadable content (DLC) – which stand in as class selection from more traditional RPG games. BioWare's upcoming action-RPG is attracting major attention after a hype-inducing outing at E3. The Ranger is the first Javelin players will receive, and acts as an all-purpose suit that's good at everything but not really specialized – Darrah repeatedly called it a good suit to use while learning the game. Despite the name, the Ranger Javelin is perhaps most comparable to the classic Fighter from Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) – a well-rounded character that can soak up decent damage, deal out decent damage, and is great for learning how things work. You'll still rely on ranged weaponry to be successful though, as there are no melee-only suit builds that are viable "right now" according to Darrah. He also revealed that all Javelins have a melee move, but it sounds more like a last-ditch 'they're too close, hit them with something' attack than the start of a combo chain. Like in D&D when you want to branch out, it's time to pick something a bit more specialized. Those looking for more damage mitigation will go for the Colossus, while the Storm Javelin is a Mage-like glass cannon with high damage output and paper-thin defensive capabilities. The Interceptor Javelin remains a bit of a mystery, but Darrah's suggestion to 'think rogue' indicates mobility, high burst damage potential, and maybe even a bit of stealth? Darrah indicated players can acquire the later Javelins in different orders, depending what missions they chose to do, so players shouldn't have to worry about waiting too long to get the Javelin they want to play as. The speed and strength differences between Javelins will also play a role in what weapons they can use, though Darrah didn't get into specifics. Given the size differences between, say, the Colossus and Storm, for example, it seems likely to be as simple as 'one gets rocket launchers, the other gets snipers'. Javelins can be both personalized and customized, with Darrah explaining that personalization means making it look the way you want, while customization makes it play the way you want. He also made it clear that upgrading your Javelin wouldn't need to 'ruin' the way it looks, as personalization is separate so there's no need for the 'patchwork armour golem' moments from other RPGs when you're halfway through upgrading an armour set and look like you're wearing random mismatched bits from a flea market. You'll also be able to personalize your Freelancer, though Darrah indicated the Javelins – as you'd expect – are seeing much more effort on that front. He also noted that all personalization options will be able to be earned through gameplay, though there will also be microtransactions available. Freelancers are vital to the experience however, with a progression system that includes unlockable perks for abilities like reducing your heat generated while flying. In addition, loot drops are keyed to the level of your Freelancer and while they're biased a bit towards it, they aren't specific to the Javelin you're using at the time so there's less chance of your Colossus falling behind just because you're playing your Storm a lot. Anthem prioritizes playing together, if not with friends then via the matchmaking system, so – based on the friends I play with – it's a major positive that there's a revive mechanic if someone gets knocked out of the action. It was also nice to hear that everyone can choose whatever Javelin they want, so there's no rush to choose favourites at the start of a mission before they're locked out. Rounding out the good news was confirmation that loot is instanced, so everyone gets their own and there's no fear you're going to get stuck with a random player who's a loot vacuum picking up every single drop and claiming it's an upgrade… Those who don't want to team up can go it alone in story missions and have success but will find a roadblock at strongholds – optional missions that require four-person teams to take on. I was incredibly happy to hear that progression will be shared by anyone on a mission, provided they're at the same part of the story, allowing friends to progress through the story together. You're also able to choose to replay missions you've already done, whether that's to help friends through or to try and get rare drops from specific encounters. Some of those encounters might be from unique monsters that spawn as stronger versions of creatures typical to the region – Darrah confirmed the game would have these 'notorious monsters' like from Final Fantasy XI and XIV. Players can choose one of four Javelin exosuits, each with unique abilities and stats. Between mission, players will return to hubs – single player experiences where you'll see the results and consequences of your actions in the outside world. Characters in bases like Fort Tarsis can be interacted with, and those interactions will evolve and grow relationships over time. Making the bases single player only was a deliberate choice, to allow gamers to experience the character interaction at their own pace without pressure or interference from others. Once you're out of the bases, though, there's all kinds of pressure and interference. The world changes at the drop of a hat, with over the top storms rolling in and threatening to wipe out everything in the region. Darrah said the world condition – like storms or time of day – is shared even with people you're not directly playing with, an interesting idea given that it might then hit some people at the start of a mission while others get hit by it near the end. Sharing stories with friends who were playing at the same time in a different party – thus playing alongside, not with – could yield some wildly different experiences. Moving through the environments looks like a mix of running, swimming, and flying, though Darrah said a heat generation mechanic on the suit's jets will keep people from raining down death from above indefinitely. Gameplay footage from E3 showed the heat meter, as well as at least one method for cooling your jets while staying aloft, with flying through the spray from a waterfall bringing up a [COOLED] notification in the upper left of the screen. I'd expect to see an oxygen meter for underwater action, though I didn't spot anything during the gameplay sequences. You'll want to explore, as Darrah confirmed there'll be rewards hidden in out of the way places. With the ability to explore vertically as well as plumbing the underwater depths, the lure of hidden loot should keep people busy for a while. Loot plays a major role in the longevity of games like Anthem, and it seems like the team is gearing up to reveal

1996):38, Invertebrates, CODEN: DSROE, , Kim, Mullineaux Benthic changes during 10 years of organic enrichment by McMurdo Station, Antarctica, A benthic habitat along the coast of McMurdo Station in the Ross Sea, Antarctica is enriched by sewage from the station and altered by hydrocarbons and heavy metals in an adjacent historic dumpsite. We report on 10 years of change in the benthic communities from 1988 to 1998 and compare enrichment effects at Australia's Casey Station, East Antarctica. Despite being 14 km apart, reference communities upcurrent and downcurrent of McMurdo Station remained closely similar over time, dominated in all years by a tube building polychaete, Spiophanes tcherniae. The community bordering McMurdo Station was generally a third as abundant as communities at the reference sites over the decade of sampling, although diversity was as high or higher, except in the most contaminated areas. In 1992, organic enrichment of the outfall community intensified and within the year, the opportunistic polychaetes Aphelochaeta sp., Ophryotrocha notialis, Capitella perarmata, and Leitoscoloplos kerguelensis became dominant. Since 1996, two of the three enriched communities have increased in resemblance to the reference communities. Given the observed responsiveness of the benthos to the outfall so far, further changes are anticipated within the year following implementation of sewage treatment in 2003. Organic enrichment by McMurdo Station has had a greater impact on benthic community structure than at Australia's Casey Station. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., Cited By (since 1996):37, CODEN: MPNBA, , Conlan, Kim, Lenihan, Oliver Recruitment, Growth and Mortality of an Antarctic Hexactinellid Sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini Polar ecosystems are sensitive to climate forcing, and we often lack baselines to evaluate changes. Here we report a nearly 50-year study in which a sudden shift in the population dynamics of an ecologically important, structure-forming hexactinellid sponge, Anoxycalyx joubini was observed. This is the largest Antarctic sponge, with individuals growing over two meters tall. In order to investigate life history characteristics of Antarctic marine invertebrates, artificial substrata were deployed at a number of sites in the southern portion of the Ross Sea between 1967 and 1975. Over a 22-year period, no growth or settlement was recorded for A. joubini on these substrata; however, in 2004 and 2010, A. joubini was observed to have settled and grown to large sizes on some but not all artificial substrata. This single settlement and growth event correlates with a region-wide shift in phytoplankton productivity driven by the calving of a massive iceberg. We also report almost complete mortality of large sponges followed over 40 years. Given our warming global climate, similar system-wide changes are expected in the future. © 2013 Dayton et al., Cited By (since 1996):4, Art. No.: e56939, Downloaded from: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056939 (16 June 2014). Dayton, Kim, Jarrell, Oliver, Hammerstrom, Fisher, O'Connor, Barber, Robilliard, Barry, Thurber, Conlan Surprising episodic recruitment and growth of Antarctic sponges: Implications for ecological resilience Sponges are the most conspicuous component of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem, a system under stress both from climate change and fishing activities. Observations over four decades are compiled and reveal extremely episodic sponge recruitment and growth. Recruitment occurred under different oceanographic conditions on both sides of McMurdo Sound. Most of the sponges appear to have recruited in the late 1990s–2000. Observations from 2000 to 2010 follow thirty years of relative stasis with very little sponge recruitment or growth followed by a general pattern of recruitment by some forty species of sponges. That there was almost no recruitment observed on natural substrata emphasizes the contrast between potential and realized recruitment. This unique data set was derived from a region noted for physical stasis, but the episodic ecological phenomena highlight the importance of rare events. Against a background of intermittent food resources and the low metabolic costs of stasis, understanding the causes of irregular larval supply, dispersal processes, recruitment success and survivorship becomes critical to predicting ecosystem dynamics and resilience in response to increasing environmental change. Our time-series emphasizes that long-term data collection is essential for meaningful forecasts about environmental change in the unique benthic ecosystems of the Antarctic shelf. Dayton, Jarrell, Kim, Thrush, Hammerstrom, Slattery, Parnell Fishing for data in the Ross Sea, Cited By (since 1996):5, CODEN: SCIEA, , , Blight, Ainley, Ackley, Ballard, Ballerini, Brownell Jr., Cheng, Chiantore, Costa, Coulter, Dayton, Devries, Dunbar, Earle, Eastman, Emslie, Evans, Garrott, Kim, Kooyman, Lescroël, Lizotte, Massaro, Olmastroni, Ponganis, Russell, Siniff, Smith Jr., Stewart, Stirling, Willis, Wilson, Woehler Swarming benthic crustaceans in the Bering and Chukchi seas and their relation to geographic patterns in gray whale feeding, Swarms differed in their geographic extent, local biomass, and life stages of swarming individuals and thus in their availability to feeding Eschrichtius robustus. Immature amphipods apparently swarmed for dispersal, whereas cumaceans probably swarmed for mating. All life stages of the hyperbenthic mysids occurred above the sea floor. Although the geographic spread of mysid swarms and shrimp communities was much greater than for the amphipod and cumacean swarms, the latter swarmed in denser patches to produce higher local biomass. Crustacean swarms are important in describing the geographic patterns of gray whale feeding from the Chukchi Sea to Baja California. The primary feeding ground is in the S Chukchi Sea and especially the N Bering Sea, where gray whales suck infaunal amphipods from fine sand. The primary feeding ground is divided into a relatively deep zone (>20 m), where tube-dwelling ampeliscid amphipods are the major prey, and a shallow zone (<20 m), where burrowing pontoporeid amphipods dominate. The secondary feeding ground is in the S Bering Sea along the E Alaska Peninsula and adjacent Alaskan mainland where shrimp and mysids are the major prey. -from Authors, Cited By (since 1996):16, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles, , Kim, Oliver Nesting behavior of the icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus at Bouvetøya Island, Southern Ocean, We describe in situ observations on nesting by the Scotia Sea (or blackfin) icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus (Lönnberg) that constitute the first substantive evidence of egg brooding and parental care by species of the family Channichthyidae. At Boutetoya Island six fish, all apparently male, were observed guarding egg nests at depths of 141-148 m during an ROV deployment. Eggs were laid as aggregated, round masses (∼20-25 cm diameter) in shallow, circular depressions (~1-m diameter, ∼20-cm depth) that were probably excavated by the parent(s) to protect the nests. The fish guardians remained tenaciously in contact with the eggs despite disturbances caused by the ROV, reacting to this threat with stress and defense behaviors. Because brooding fishes are more susceptible to the population impacts from trawl fisheries, we argue that this life history should be kept in mind in designing management schemes. © Springer-Verlag 2005., Cited By (since 1996):18, CODEN: POBID, , Detrich III, Jones, Kim, North, Thurber, Vacchi High species density patterns in macrofaunal invertebrate communities in the marine benthos, Species density of macrofaunal invertebrates living in marine soft sediments was highest at the shelf-slope break (100-150m) in Monterey Bay (449 m-2). There were 337 species m-2 in the mid-shelf mud zone (80 m). There were fewer species along the slope: 205 m-2 from the lower slope (950-2000 m) and 335 m-2 on the upper slope (250-750 m). Species density was highest inside the bay (328-446 m-2) compared to outside (336-339 m-2), when examining samples at selected water depths (60-1000 m). There was little difference in local species density from 1 km of shoreline compared to regional species density along 1000 km of shoreline at both shelf and slope depths. The highest species densities worldwide in the literature are recorded along the Carolina slope in the Atlantic Ocean, where peak species density (436/0.81 m2) at 800 m and values at the largest sample areas are similar to those on the Monterey Bay shelf. We speculate that the highest species densities occur where ocean water exchanges energy with shoaling topography at the continental margin, bringing more

out a perfectly cut segment. Hope arose that this time the kitchen staff had done their job. I dug into the grapefruit. It slipped sideways in the glass, almost shooting out onto the tablecloth. I retrieved it at the last moment and had to use a surreptitious finger to balance it as I dug again. The first piece came free without too much effort. No such luck with the second. I held on to that grapefruit, dug and tugged. This time two segments were joined together. I attempted to separate them and juice squirted straight up into my eye. It stung and I waited until the queen was busy before dabbing at my eye with my napkin. At least I hadn't squirted grapefruit juice at HM. It was with incredible relief that I finished the grapefruit and the shell was whisked away. A thick brown soup followed, then the main course. It was steak and kidney pie, usually one of my favorites. With it was cauliflower in a white sauce and tiny roast potatoes. I could feel my mouth watering. Two good meals in two days. But the first mouthful revealed that this course was not going to be easy, either. I've always had a problem with chewing and swallowing large chunks of meat. It simply won't go down. "Georgiana, I have a special favor to ask of you," the queen said, looking up from her own plate. "The king wanted this to be done formally, but I managed to persuade him that a private chat would be more appropriate. I did not want to put you in a spot, should you wish to say no." Of course my mind was now racing. They'd found another prince for me. Or even worse, Siegfried had officially asked for my hand, one royal family to another, and turning him down would create an international incident. I sat frozen, my fork poised halfway between my plate and my mouth. "There is to be a royal wedding later this month. You have no doubt got wind of it," the queen continued. "No." It came out as a squeak. "Princess Maria Theresa of Romania is to marry Prince Nicholas of Bulgaria. He is the heir to the throne, as I expect you know." I gave a half nod as if the royal families of Europe always discussed their wedding plans with me. Thank God it was someone else's wedding we were talking about. I brought my fork to my mouth and started chewing. "Naturally our family should be represented," the queen went on. "We are, after all, related to both sides. He is from the same Saxe-Coburg-Gotha line as your great-grandmother Queen Victoria, and she, of course, is one of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringens. If it were in the summer, we should have been delighted to attend; however, there is no question of the king himself traveling abroad at this bitter time of year." I nodded, having found a particularly chewy piece of meat in my mouth. "So His Majesty and I have decided to ask you to represent us." "Me?" I managed to squeak, my mouth still full of that large chunk of meat. I was now in a tricky situation in more ways than one. There was no way I could swallow it. There was no way I could spit it out. I tried a sip of water to wash it down but it wouldn't go. So I had to resort to the old school trick—a pretended cough, napkin to my mouth and the meat expelled into the napkin. "I'm sorry," I said, collecting myself. "You want me to represent the family at a royal wedding? But I'm only a cousin's child. Won't the royal families in question see this as a slight that you only send someone like me? Surely one of your sons would be more appropriate, or your daughter, the Princess Royal." "In other circumstances I would have agreed with you but it so happens that the Princess Maria Theresa has particularly requested that you be one of her bridal attendants." I just stopped myself from squeaking "Me?" for a second time. "I gather you two were such good chums at school." At school? My brain was racing again. I once knew a Princess Maria Theresa at school? I was friendly with her? I went through a quick list of my friends. No princesses appeared on it. But I could hardly call a foreign princess, apparently related to us, a liar. I smiled wanly. Then suddenly an image swam into focus—a large, chubby girl with a round moon face trailing after Belinda and me and Belinda saying, "Matty, stop following us around, do. Georgie and I want to be alone for once." Matty—it had to be she. I had never realized that it was short for Maria Theresa. Nor that she was a princess. She had been a rather pathetic, annoying little thing (well, not so little, but a year behind us). "Ah, yes," I said, smiling now. "Dear Matty. How kind of her to invite me. This is indeed an honor, ma'am." I was now feeling decidedly pleased with myself. I had been asked to attend a royal wedding—to be in a royal bridal party. Certainly a lot better than freezing and starving at Rannoch House. Then the ramifications hit me. The cost of the ticket. The clothing I would need . . . the queen never seemed to take money into consideration. "I suppose I'll have to have a frock made for the wedding before I leave?" I asked. "I believe not," the queen said. "The suggestion was that you travel to Romania ahead of time so that the dresses can all be fitted by the princess's personal dressmaker. I gather she has excellent taste and is bringing in a couturiere from Paris." Had I got it wrong? Matty, who always looked like a sack of potatoes in her uniform, was bringing in a couturiere from Paris? "I will have my secretary make all the travel arrangements for you and your maid," the queen continued. "You'll be traveling on official royal passports so there will be no unnecessary formalities. And I will also arrange for a chaperon. It would not do to have you making such a long journey alone." Now I was digesting one word from that sentence. Maid. You and your maid, she had said. Ah, now that was going to be a slight problem. The queen had no idea that anyone of my status survived without a maid. I opened my mouth to say this, then found myself saying instead, "I'm afraid there might be a problem about finding a maid willing to travel with me. My Scottish maid won't even come to London." The queen nodded. "Yes, I appreciate that could be a problem. English and Scottish girls are so insular, aren't they? Don't give her a choice, Georgiana. Never give servants a choice. It goes to their heads. If your current maid wishes to retain her position with you, she should be willing to follow you to the ends of the earth. I know that my maid would." She dug into the cauliflower. "Be firm. You'll need to learn how to deal with servants before you run a great household, you know. Give them an inch and they'll walk all over you. Now, come along. Eat up before it gets cold." Chapter 6 _**Mainly at Belinda Warburton-Stoke's mews cottage**_ _**Thursday, November 10**_ The car was waiting in the courtyard to take me back me to Rannoch House. It would have been a triumphant return but for one small fact. In one week I had to come up with a maid who wouldn't mind a trip to Romania without being paid. I didn't think there would be many young women in London who would

Second Sunday in Advent Luke sets John's word context. As John was firmly placed in his context, the readings situate us in our world. The Good News came when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, Tiberius Caesar had been Emperor fifteen years, Herod was tetrarch/ruler of a fourth of Galilee, and Caiaphas was high priest. And the Good News comes when world leaders met playing political roles in Glasgow for COP 26. In the past it was always thought that to know where God is in the world, we need to look to those in power and have power. But Luke drops the names of those in power and upturns our expectations in claiming that the word of God came to an unlikely person in the desert. God did not show up in a palace or a temple, not in the political and religious elite, but in the outskirts of the wilderness. God's word came to John the Baptist and in our day a teenager called Greta – religious and political outsiders. John proclaimed, as does Greta, that this world is about to change and we must change; God is stepping in to change the course of events and introduce a new way of living. And, God still steps into our world despite political leaders thinking it is their domain. John and Baruch tell us to take our places and rev up our engines. God is close and is preparing to show us who we really are, to whom we belong and that our true name is 'the peace of justice'. John's ministry took place away from modern comforts and vulnerable to violence in the 'wilderness' (Luke 3:2). He lived on the margins, as do many people today: the poor, women, street people, people with mental illness, refugees and asylum seekers and many members of the gay community. These would have understood the vulnerability that he was exposed to. To claim one's dignity can put one at risk. With John and Greta's call for change, we hear Pope Francis' call to develop a culture of encounter, mercy, compassion and tenderness towards all people and creation. The God of Peace comes everyday through Jesus and people who are marginalised, voiceless, powerless and considered unimportant - not through the powerful, privileged and wealthy. Jesus invites us to look in the direction of the margins …. and find God present there. Those margins exist now on the Belarussian and Polish border, The English channel, victims of white supremacist killings, Sudan, Ethiopia, Yemen and refugee camps around the world – wherever justice is denied people who are. Pope Francis has taken his cues from the poor. His encounters acknowledge the wisdom found amongst the people who are poor and socially disenfranchised because they stubbornly resist what is inauthentic in a society that is anaesthetised by unbridled consumption that Paul refers to; that uses the 'language of exclusion' and treats poor people as problems, recipients of aid and relief services, rather than as sources of insight. Did the last G20 meeting in Rome even dare to look, see and respond to the inequities of the world they represent? Francis tells us 'that the path of Jesus began on the peripheries …….It goes from the poor and with the poor, toward others.' He knows misery that ring the cities in his native Argentina, with its corruption, unjust distribution of land, lack of education and health care for the poor. God's reign of peace will involve all creation where there will be right relationship between all created things. As we seek healing from the global pandemic, Pope Francis calls us to see this time as a turning point where we have devalued our sisters and brothers and God's precious Earth, destroying or exploiting what was good and beautiful for the sake of short-term gain or profit. This has been part of a larger pattern where powerful interests ignoring the cry of the poor and the Earth. John, like many prophetic people among us, challenged the existing power structures and called for those in power to behave fairly and justly. He did not hide behind the cowardice of cynicism but spoke with courage and hope. He called for change to corrupt economies and systems as does Pope Francis in Laudato si'. It begins with each of us, our hearts. This was how we stop being enslaved to unjust and wasteful systems and build a world where people build relationships with each other and creation rather than being enemies or rivals. This is to invest ourselves in making crooked places straight and smoothing rough ways. The gospel today forces us to face the reality that the emotional pain and estrangement that marginal groups and ethnic communities face do not spring from the Gospel message of love and acceptance, but from a failure to truly follow the model of John and prophetic voices in our midst. Baruch speaks to people who have endured pain, exile and loss and encourages them to 'take off their clothes of mourning and misery and put on: 'the cloak of justice from God.'A world of hope is possible by attending to each other's needs with our abundance, by removing the terrors of desperation and hatred among us. What we do today – now - in our own land, our cities, our churches and at our altars, is inevitably a preparation for what is to come. There are voices that speak of the war of necessity and an endless war on terror. There are voices that speak of the necessity to build more nuclear weapons. There are voices that promote the market and capitalism as the only realistic way to live in the world. There are voices that tell us that arms sales are more important (e.g., Saudi Arabia) than the lives of Yemeni people. There are voices that euphemistically speak of foreign aid which is actually used to train the military in Indonesia that oppress the people of West Papua and the Philippines that kills their own people with impunity. But, there is the voice of John and many in our world like him with other voices that speak of renewal and solidarity; of generosity and service; of bigheartedness and hospitality; and of creating a 'culture of encounter' as the only way to peace and wellbeing. What can we do? Do we demand that our governments, organisations, churches and parishes do what they are meant to do – to build relationships that serve all especially the most vulnerable? Do we confront religious and political leaders who talk about religious freedom as an excuse for discrimination? Do make consumption choices seek to avoid collaboration with human trafficking? Do our choices reflect behaviour where the necessities of the many come second to the wants of the privileged few? Do our consumption choices take into account the kind of world we will leave to our children? Do we dare put up a Christmas crib or Nativity scene yet justify ill-treatment and fail to raise our voices against the ill-treatment of asylum seeker and refugees? John's voice continues its refrain across the stage of our privileged world: 'Prepare Ye the Way of the Lord.' Baruch, Paul and Luke call for change. Baruch says 'change your clothes.' Get up, Jerusalem, Get up Israel, get up Australia, turn around and see. The high and the mighty will be flattened and the lowly, the marginal, the exile, the prisoner, the stranger will be lifted up in safety and equality. The wilderness that John came out of is not too different from ours. Though we live in towns and cities, we live amongst wild beasts which we have to confront: beasts of aggression, racism, homophobia, sexism, clericalism, war, violence, competition, greed, and the

in order to not be damaged by wind and to convince the sheep to stay away; if the local stone were more malleable, perhaps they could be made more substantial, but builders work with granite, and build walls to fit their raw material, not one-size-fits-all walls. Turning to other crafts, Langlands addresses textiles, namely wool and linen. Among other items, he focuses on Harris Tweed, woven in the Outer Hebrides and rigorously defined and protected by law. A libertarian sensibility would be offended that the government has helped and protected Harris Tweed and would be happy had Chinese wool dyed with chemical dyes replaced it under the same name. Langlands does not have a libertarian sensibility. He also spends a great deal of time on a craft that is little known today, roof thatching. Existing old thatched roofs, dating back into the nineteenth century, can be cut through in a form of archaeology, showing once again the tremendous variations over time and space dictated by local materials and techniques. And as with all crafts, thatching is both a lot harder than it looks, and a lot more special than it looks. Langlands does not mention the oft-heard claim that achieving mastery of a skill takes approximately ten thousand hours, and no doubt that's more than some of these crafts take, but as his own learning curve shows, it's certainly a significant amount of time that's required. Finally, Langlands covers some other crafts, notably ploughing, moving from leather to harnesses to horses. He claims that horses are not much less efficient than diesel tractors, and better in many ways, among them resilience and sustainability. And that brings up the key question in all this—how much of craeft is workable on a large scale today, in light of both natural limitations and the demands of modern people? Langlands has three objections to the modern world for which he thinks craeft offers a solution. (I actually think he could have said quite a bit more, especially on more abstract levels, such as a discussion of how craeft relates to beauty, and how the diminution of craeft ties to the modern blindness to the very existence of beauty. But Langlands is, most of all, tied to the concrete, so this omission is not surprising.) First, he gently criticizes the mindset of "perpetual growth," because it "contradicts the accepted reality that the Earth's resources are finite." Second, he believes that the decline of craeft is spiritually bad, diminishing contemplation and meaning in human life. "We have become detached from making, and it isn't a good state for us to be in." Third, and closely tied to the second, he draws a line between the dying of craeft and more general societal degradation, in the creation of a world drained of ties to reality, abandoning the search for excellence and ignoring the link between competency and actual achievement. As to limited resources, craeft at first does appear to be a solution, at least a partial one, since it views the making of things as limited by materials available locally, and creation and use as a sustainable cycle, not one of consumption followed by disposal. I suppose that's true when you are wandering the Wessex countryside, largely empty of people, meditating on features like the Oxna Mere, a self-filling stock pond of mysterious construction built more than a thousand years ago. But what does this say to, and of, the millions in council housing, glued to the BBC or the Internet, often drunk or high, waiting for their next dole check? And what does it say to the further millions resident in Cool Britannia, housed in their glass towers and jetting off to vacations in Iceland and Ibiza? They're not going to live like a Wessex farmer, and they are not real interested in even thinking about craeft, since they are mass men, in José Ortega y Gasset's famous term. Nor, in fact, do they need to live like Wessex farmers, at least with respect to resource disappearance. Solar and nuclear energy are, at least in theory, functionally infinite, and energy, not raw materials, is the primary limiting factor in delivery of goods to the masses. (It is not true, either, that we are running out of traditional sources of energy.) Leaving aside that growth is going to stop for totally different reasons, because it is inevitable that global population will, soon enough, fall and keep falling, it is not really growth itself that is the gravamen of Langlands's complaint, but a throwaway culture. This culture is evident everywhere, from farms having "become little more than processing plants where cheap imported animal feed is converted into meat" to plastic and cardboard being used instead of pottery or woven baskets. And the main problem with our throwaway culture is not running out of things to throw away, or places to throw them away in. Rather, it is a spiritual problem, and that is the real focus of Langlands's book. No doubt we would all be better off spiritually if we lived our lives through a frame of craeft, though for the vast majority of us, it would be nearly an unfathomable change. It's not going to happen, however, so no need to worry about how wrenching it might be. The slum dwellers and their overlords in their steel fortresses of power, and the rest of us in between, are not going to step away from their, and our, throwaway habits. The overlords may pay lip service to "sustainability," but for the vast majority of them, it is nothing more. Obtaining meaning through objects, evinced in earlier ages by William Morris and the Arts and Crafts movement, or in a different manifestation by Thoreau and the Transcendentalists, has always and ever only been the concern of a small segment of the ruling class. Langlands seems to realize this when he observes, "Craft has, and always will, enjoy buoyancy among the luxury markets. . . . But for the everyday the cost is prohibitive." He thinks this may be changing, as fuel costs increase, but as I say, they're not in fact increasing, and they're not going to. Even if they did, almost everyone is spiritually wedded to consumption, because that is what they think gives meaning to their lives. Wrenching them out of this mindset would require a massive societal reset. That leaves two groups who will, in practice, of their own accord concern themselves with craeft (other than specialists and hobbyists). Both are small. The first is those for whom craeft is a practical concern, mostly rural dwellers who are close to the physical components of craft and have some need. Even here, though, most will choose wire fencing rather than rebuilding the ancient hedge or drystone wall. The second is the spiritually focused, some of a traditional bent and some of the type who might otherwise focus on yoga or Buddhism. Neither of these is going to rebuild our world around craeft. Perhaps, though, too much focus on thatching obscures that craeft has applications whenever, in Matthew Crawford's words, we can make something "that is meaningful because it is genuinely useful." We achieve agency through self-reliance and the search for excellence. If we simply cultivate pushback on the throwaway culture, we will all be better off, even if we aren't running out to build new drystone walls in our backyards and even if the throwaway culture maintains its grip. Such a pushback could be a key building block of societal renewal, of the re-creation of strong families and strong communities. Maybe—although the road from here to there is pretty blurry. I'd be perfectly happy if, as a small first step, governments clamped down on the flood

my CNW Online Member Centre Next Gen Communications Cloud Canadian Federal Government Canadian Municipal Government Canadian Provincial Government 877-269-7890 from 8 AM - 10 PM ET Lepidico and Desert Lion to Merge Desert Lion Energy Lepidico 1 for 9 Entitlements Offer to Fund Business Integration, New Development and Growth Opportunities TORONTO, May 7, 2019 /CNW/ - Desert Lion Energy Inc (TSXV: DLI) ("Desert Lion") is pleased to announce that on May 5, 2019 it entered into a definitive arrangement agreement (the "Arrangement Agreement") with ASX-Listed Lepidico Limited (ASX: LPD) ("Lepidico") whereby Lepidico, an arm's length party from Desert Lion, will acquire all of the outstanding common shares of Desert Lion for 5.4 Lepidico shares for every 1 Desert Lion share (The "Transaction"). No finder's fee is payable in connection with the Transaction. The Transaction is anticipated to create a vertically integrated lithium development company from mine to chemical conversion plant by combining Lepidico's leading proprietary lithium processing technologies with Desert Lion's lepidolite Mineral Resources and extensive exploration package. The agreed exchange ratio represents a premium of either 38% based on the closing price of Lepidico and Desert Lion shares on 3 May 2019 or 39% based on the 10 trading day volume weighted average price of the shares. Directors and officers of Desert Lion representing 17% of Desert Lion's shares on issue have entered into voting and support agreements to vote in favour of the Transaction. Transaction Highlights The Transaction will combine two companies with highly complementary assets to create an integrated lithium business which has: Lepidico's innovative L-Max®, LOH-MaxTM and S-MaxTM proprietary process technologies and offtake arrangement with Mota Ceramic Solutions ("MCS") from the operational Alvarrões lepidolite mine in Portugal. Desert Lion's Rubicon and Helikon deposits in Namibia and partially developed lepidolite concentrator. Mineral Resources – Indicated 3.0Mt @ 0.63% Li2O & Inferred 5.8Mt @ 0.53% Li2O (see section 14 of Desert Lion's NI 43-101 Technical Report dated November 28, 2018, as amended and restated on December 7, 2018, for more information); Lepidico's pilot plant with L-Max® and S-MaxTM capability, which is in the commissioning phase, and the Phase 1 Plant Project, at the advanced stages of feasibility study which contemplates output capacity of 5,000tpa lithium hydroxide; Battery grade lithium carbonate of 99.8% purity produced from Desert Lion lepidolite mineralisation in L-Max® amenability trial; and Desert Lion's non-binding offtake agreement for lithium hydroxide with chemicals and materials multination corporation BASF SE. Lepidico will also undertake a 1 for 9 pro-rata renounceable Entitlements Offer at an issue price of A$0.029 to raise up to A$10.8 million for business integration, new development and growth opportunities, with one (1) free attaching option for every two (2) new shares issued under the offer. The Entitlements Offer is scheduled to close on 29 May 2019. The merged company will be called Lepidico Ltd and will continue to be headquartered in Perth, Australia. No changes to Lepidico's Board of Directors are planned. Proposed Merger of Lepidico and Desert Lion The Transaction will be effected by way of a statutory plan of arrangement pursuant to the Business Corporations Act (Ontario). Under the terms of the Transaction, Desert Lion shareholders will exchange each of their Desert Lion shares for 5.4 ordinary shares of Lepidico. Following the completion of the Transaction, Lepidico will maintain its primary listing on the ASX under the code "LPD", and the Desert Lion common shares will be delisted from the TSXV. Each option of Desert Lion will be exchanged for a replacement option of Lepidico reflecting the exchange ratio and any outstanding warrants and convertible notes of Desert Lion will be adjusted to allow for the acquisition of Lepidico ordinary shares upon their exercise (also reflecting the exchange ratio). Desert Lion securityholders will hold approximately 15.9% of the shares in the combined company and 19.8% on a fully diluted basis (prior to the effects of the planned entitlements offer). The Transaction is subject to regulatory, court, Desert Lion shareholder approval and Lepidico shareholder approval (if required), together with other customary conditions. The written consent of a majority of the holders of Desert Lion's convertible debt has been obtained and is a condition of closing of the Transaction. Lepidico has received confirmation from ASX that the proposed transaction does not attract any requirements under Chapter 11 of the ASX Listing Rules. Lepidico will seek a waiver from Listing Rule 7.1 (in relation to the issue of securities the subject of the proposed transaction) on the basis that Listing Rule 7.2 (exception 5) should apply to the transaction. If the waiver is granted by ASX, Lepidico will not need to seek any shareholder approvals in relation to security issues to be made under the Desert Lion transaction. As part of the process in the approval of the Arrangement Agreement, the directors of Desert Lion received an opinion from its financial advisor, INFOR Financial Inc., that the consideration to be received is fair, from a financial point of view, to shareholders of Desert Lion. Directors and officers of Desert Lion representing 17% of Desert Lion's shares on issue have entered into voting and support agreements to vote in favour of the Transaction. Convertible note holder, AIP Global Macro Fund L.P., has also indicated its support for the transaction. A Desert Lion management information circular setting out the terms of the Transaction, as well as further information regarding the Transaction and the combined company, is expected to be circulated to all Desert Lion shareholders in June 2019. A special meeting of Desert Lion shareholders to consider the Plan of Arrangement is expected to be held in July 2019 and the Transaction is expected to be implemented in July 2019. The Arrangement Agreement includes customary provisions, including a commitment by Desert Lion not to solicit alternative transactions to the Transaction, subject to the right of Desert Lion to accept a superior proposal in certain circumstances, with Lepidico having a five business day right to match any superior proposal. Each company has agreed to pay a termination fee to the other party equal to C$1 million in certain circumstances. "The transaction with Lepidico represents a significant advancement for the Desert Lion Energy Project," commented Tim Johnston, CEO of Desert Lion Energy Inc. "The combination of Desert Lion Energy's lepidolite assets with Lepidico's advanced L-Max® and LOH-MaxTM processing technology will enable the acceleration of lithium chemical production." Lepidico Managing Director Joe Walsh said, "Closing of these transactions announced today will be transformative for Lepidico. They will allow it to advance its technologies and projects, demonstrate the commercial viability of L-Max® and LOH-MaxTM, and hopefully become a globally significant, vertically integrated lithium chemical producer. The Desert Lion transaction will provide Lepidico with a direct controlling interest in its first quality lepidolite deposit under an awarded mining license, providing a clear path to development." Following completion of the Transaction, it is expected that the combined company will conduct a feasibility study to establish mineral reserves and to determine the economic and technical viability of production. Indicative timetable for merger completion Announcement of the Transaction Dispatch of Desert Lion's Circular to Desert Lion shareholders Desert Lion Company Meeting Implementation of merger Summary of assets and attributes Lepidico Ltd Desert Lion Energy Inc. L-Max®, LOH-MaxTM and S-MaxTM proprietary process technologies Desert Lion Mineral Resources at Rubicon and Helikon deposits in Namibia of Mineral Resources – Indicated 3.0Mt @ 0.63% Li2O & Inferred 5.8Mt @ 0.53% Li2O plus tantalum credit (NI 43-101) (see section 14 of Desert Lion'sNI 43-101 Technical Report dated November 28, 2018, as amended and restated on December 7, 2018, for more information) Pilot plant with L-Max® and S-MaxTM capability is in the commissioning phase – plant developed on schedule and within budget before contingency 10 year Mining Licence granted 20 August 2018 over 68.7km2 for mine and lithium mica concentrator development Phase 1 Plant Project is in the advanced stages of feasibility study – engineering for Li2CO3 production complete, engineering for LiOH capability to commence

"It will just be a family fun-filled evening. This year we are hoping to do better than ever before." The annual budget for the event is $15,000. The city will provide free hot dogs, water, chips and giveaways while supplies last. The Sherwood Sharks swim team will be selling additional items. Entertainment will include Patriotic Pamy, Paul Morphis, Fragile Elite and Top of the Rock Chorus. Top of the Rock will be inside the building while the other musical acts will be outside on a second stage. Fireworks begin at 9 p.m. Coulter added that shuttles would be available from Sylvan Hills High School. Cabot is planning a Fourth of July celebration starting at 6 p.m at Mount Carmel Baptist Church, 163 Mount Carmel Road. There will be patriotic music. Hot dogs, chips and drinks will be for sale. A bounce house, slides and an obstacle course will be set up for children. Fireworks begin at 9 p.m. Jacksonville will not have its Patriotic Spectacular this year. Mayor Gary Fletcher said organizer Angie Mitchell did not apply for funding through the Advertising and Promotion Commission. "I don't know if it will happen next year. I'm not saying it won't. Sometimes it's hard to compete with the fireworks in Little Rock," he noted. The A&P Commission will look at funding requests at the end of the year. Someone may or may not step forward to ask for the money to have the Patriotic Spectacular in 2014, the mayor explained. It's too early to tell, he said. Beebe will host a Fourth of July celebration beginning at 5:30 p.m. at the Beebe City Park baseball fields with a fireworks show at dusk. The evening will feature two musical performances by Sonny Burgess and the Legendary Pacers and Wine and Roses. Free hot dogs, hamburgers, ice cream, water and slush puppies will be served. Face painting and temporary tattoos will also be offered. The swimming pool will be open at no charge and lifeguards will be on duty. Ward's annual Fourth of July celebration starts at 4:30 p.m. when the vendors open for business and the car and motorcycle show begins. The opening ceremony at 5 p.m. will feature the Little Rock Air Force base honor guard almost immediately followed by what can be loosely described as a tractor pull. There are no big farm tractors in the competition. Instead, contestants drive lawn mowers and lawn tractors. Mayor Art Brooke, last year's winner, brags that he will carry the title home again this year. The River Rats, a bluegrass band from Mountain View, will perform until 8:30 p.m. following the opening ceremony. Vendors will have funnel cakes and fresh-squeezed lemonade for sale but the city will give away hamburgers and bottled water. Dancers from Carla's Dance of Ward will perform at 6:30 p.m. and the firework show will start at 9:15 or dark. South Bend Fire Rescue will have a fireworks show at 4144 Hwy. 294, Military Road, on Thursday, July 4, beginning with a 6:30 p.m. supper. Sonny's Auto Salvage is sponsoring the event. Austin does not have an Independence Day celebration but residents are allowed to shoot their own fireworks on July 3 until 10 p.m. and on July 4 until 11 p.m. Lonoke doesn't have a celebration, but dealers are allowed to sell fireworks from 10 a.m. until 10 p.m. July 2-4. Residents are allowed to shoot fireworks from 10 a.m. until 10 p.m. July 2 and 3 and from 10 a.m. until midnight July 4. TOP STORY >> Signatures needed to bring in alcohol Jacksonville and Sherwood could become "wet" as early as this fall, which would allow restaurants to serve alcohol without having to go through the rigors of applying for a private club license. The holdup will be collecting signatures on a petition to set a special election for residents in Gray Township, which encompasses a large portion of both cities. The difficulty will not be in collecting signatures, but in the number required by a new state law. Most special elections need only 15 percent of the voters from the last election, but to take an area from dry to wet requires a petition with 38 percent of the registered voters. The proposed elections would allow restaurants to sell alcohol, but would not allow any liquor stores into the newly created wet areas. These were just some of the facts pointed out at meetings Monday and Tuesday evenings in Sherwood and Jacksonville sponsored by their chambers of commerce. Kelly Coughlin, Sherwood's economic development director, and Amy Mattison, chief executive officer for the Jacksonville chamber, led the meeting, informing about three dozen city leaders and residents. Mattison had another meeting Tuesday evening at the Jacksonville Community Center, where some residents voiced concerns. Mattison said the city is losing about $600,000 a year in liquor sales. Coughlin has set Aug. 15 as the date to turn in the required Sherwood signatures to have an early September vote. Mattison hasn't set a projected date, saying that Jacksonville is also looking to set a vote for a separate school district. "We don't want to entangle the two," she said. About 90 percent of what is now Jacksonville became dry in December 1954, while more than half of Sherwood became dry in 1956, meaning no liquor stores and no restaurants or other venues could sell alcohol. Sherwood Alderman Ken Keplinger, attending Monday's meeting, said one of the reasons residents in Gray Township (Jacksonville) voted themselves dry was because of the plans for the new air base. "They didn't want airmen going into town and getting drunk," he said. What is not clear is how the township expanded into Sherwood and had another vote in 1956 to make that area dry also. Both Coughlin and Mattison said the records are very convoluted, but to make sure both cities are in the right when the vote occurs, they have divided the old Gray Township into two sections based upon the 1954 and 1956 elections. Some of Sherwood is in the 1954 section and some of Jacksonville is in the 1956 section. For ease of understanding, Coughlin called the 1956 section "Sherwood" and the 1954 section Jacksonville. Coughlin is running point to gather signatures in the Sherwood section and Mattison is heading the drive for the Jacksonville section. Both drives will need about 4,400 signatures from residents within the affected areas in order to have a vote on the issue. So why is this vote even needed since Gray Township doesn't even exist anymore? That political entity may be gone, but the laws voted on remain in effect. Mattison said the chambers are using Arkadelphia as an example of how to go from dry to wet. Sen. Jane English (R-North Little Rock), who attended both meetings, and Rep. Mark Perry (D-Jacksonville), who was at Tuesday's meeting, pushed a bill through the 2013 legislative session giving residents in defunct townships a chance to decide on the issue of being wet or dry—allowing liquor or not. English said the bill came at the urging of North Little Rock, Sherwood and Jacksonville chambers of commerce. The bill covers four areas in Pulaski County, including Gray Township. According to Coughlin, all of Arkansas was wet once prohibition ended, but in 1935 the state legislature voted in a process allowing individual areas to become dry. "It's much easier to go from wet to dry, then dry to wet," Coughlin told the sparse crowd. In the 1950's, Pulaski County was made up of 16 townships or separate sections. Four of those — Gray, Hill, Bayou Meto and Union — designated themselves dry. But most of the townships are no longer recognized as political entities by the county or state, so township residents have no way to reverse earlier decisions. The boundaries of Gray Township were readjusted in February 1956 due to some annexations made at the time by Jacksonville. Residents in the newly aligned township voted on Nov. 6, 1956 to go dry by

mood. We enjoyed each other's physical and emotional proximity, enjoying the much-needed human touch in this cold, artificial life we lived. The sky eased from its blackness into a deep blue, and we all dropped into reflective, fatigued silence. Eventually the ship hit a wave roughly, shaking us from our reverie. "I need to go to bed," Calypso said with a start, realizing that she had fallen asleep. "Brian, can you give me a wake-up call at 5:30? I work at 6:00." "No worries," I said. "I'll still be awake anyway because I don't work until 11:00 today." "Lucky boy." She had no idea how lucky I felt. Though similar social events materialized and vanished regularly for us all on _Conquest_ that summer, there was something special about this party. With this night I confirmed what I already knew: life was about people. The need for human touch, for companionship in this otherwise all-work and no-play environment was paramount. Suddenly I did not blame those who came to ships and cheated on their spouses. You did whatever it took to survive, and everyone present knew that it meant nothing more than that. I knew dozens and dozens of happily married men working the dining rooms who cheated on their wives. Anyone who wanted to could get some action on a ship, even Aric's fat Indonesian roommate, Made. The vast majority of these men were literally 10,000 miles from home and slaving like animals to ensure a better life for their wives and children. They did not want to be here, it was backbreaking work that chewed up your sanity and broke your body, and as a bonus it was desperately impartial and lonely. In this case I definitely thought the end justified the means. I was able to get the intimacy I needed without sexual intercourse, but for so many people they were too young, naïve, or macho to understand this. Until now I had always considered infidelity a lack of respect for one's spouse, regardless if the society considered women equal or not. While it could be said that I "cheated" on Bianca in mind and spirit, I had never slept with anyone else and had no intention of doing so. So was I any better than the others? Reflecting on our own internal issues, Lorena and I leaned against each other and watched the sunrise quietly, the only two survivors of the impromptu party. **4** _**Tattoo Goo**_ **B** ARELY A MONTH AFTER MY THIRTIETH BIRTHDAY, I found myself walking down the streets of the island of Cozumel, Mexico on a mission. I was accompanied by Leo and our mutual friend Nikolo. It was a beautiful, if hot, summer day, so Leo and I wore shorts and tank-tops. Nikolo, however, remained in his usual jeans and heavy t-shirt. We refrained from mentioning his inappropriately hot attire because we knew he wore it in order to better hide his extra pounds. He was the only short and round Croatian I had met. He buzzed his hair more from sloth than any other reason. He was a low-key and solid acquaintance of ours, a good foil to our outrageous behavior. Our first order of business on this steamy Caribbean Friday was to find a few drinks. Unfortunately we had a fair distance to walk before we could obtain any. The international pier was built three miles south of the main pier, the one directly across from the mainland's nearest city, Playa del Carmen. Mega-ships like _Conquest_ needed extra depth and exclusively docked to the south. The main downtown area of Cozumel blossomed around the original pier, so we had a good half hour walk to reach the cluster of bars and restaurants and shops. By then the sexy bitches were thirsty and Nikolo was exhausted. We found a fantastic balcony bar called Terra Maya, whose entire wall facing the sea was open. Instead of a wall, or even windows, there was a long, S-shaped bar and open air. The sea breeze blew in and ruffled the palm fronds above us, as well as pushed us on our rope-swing seats. We ordered two rounds of frozen margaritas in those ubiquitous touristic yard-long plastic containers, and enjoyed the unparalleled view. Before us floated a perfect, perpendicular view of the Carnival _Paradise_ , the world's only non-smoking cruise ship. Leo had transferred from _Paradise_ and took no end of photos of it from this fantastic view. Far in the distance we could barely make out the hotels of Playa del Carmen across the straight. "Well," I eventually said with a slam of my empty margarita container, "I'm sufficiently lubed. Shall we?" "Damn straight," Leo answered, rising to his full, impressive height. "Are you really going to do this?" asked Nikolo. "Are you crazy?" "Finally someone who observes that I am crazy and not merely stupid. Of course I'm going to do this. Leo, you have your arm with you?" "Got it, boss." "Then let's do it." We walked a block away to a small tattoo parlor perched above a series of shops selling cheap serapes and Kahlua. It was a single room with walls covered in photos of tattoos past. One wall held a huge mirror, before which sat the work chair and an exceptionally well-muscled Mexican. His face was very dark and wide, revealing his heritage as Mayan rather than Spanish, and his arms were sheathed in tattoos of jaguars, jade jewelry, and all manner of cultural icons. It was magnificent artwork and worthy of a few minutes gawking. "That's amazing work," I commented with a hiccup. "Who did it?" He shrugged, obviously not comprehending English. I gestured to the tattoo and asked "Who?" in poor Spanish, " _¿Quien?_ " " _Mi hermano._ " "Your brother?" " _Si, señor_ ," he answered. " _¿Qué desea?_ " "Uh," I began in my inebriated state. "See this tattoo?" I pointed to Leo's arm. " _Uh...¿Mira el tattoo aqui?_ " He chuckled at my terrible Spanish, but seemed pleased I was trying. " _Yo quiero_ ," I added, meaning "I want it." " _¿El mismo?_ " "Yes, _mismo_...this one. _Exactamundo_." He nodded and strode over to a cabinet. From inside he retrieved some carbon paper and began tracing the tattoo directly from Leo's arm. Once working, he ignored us completely. "So you're actually doing the same tattoo as Leo, eh?" Nikolo asked. "I don't think I'm cool enough to do that." "You are," Leo assured. "One of the few. We'll make a sexy bitch out of you yet." "I thought about that, too," I said, "I never thought I would ever get a tattoo. So permanent, you know? But over the last month I realized that it is exactly the kind of tattoo I want. I do feel a bit odd, though, like I'm some sort of Leo groupie." "So many are," Leo said with his usual Afrikaans-tinted thunder. "But you are _the_ Sexy Bitch. You'll take it and make it yours." "Well, this place seems clean. I mean, getting a tattoo in Mexico can potentially be a bad idea. I wish he spoke English." Leo laughed. "Typical American. You wish _he_ spoke English even though you're in _his_ country. Only Americans think their language is the only one on earth. So, Mr. Arrogance: you're in Mexico, speak Spanish." "Fair enough." The artist finished his pattern and traced it on my arm. He gestured to the mirror and looked at me expectantly. I nodded, we agreed on a price via notes on paper, and he prepared for action. I watched him pull fresh needles from their original plastic containers, and he donned fresh latex gloves. I looked to Leo one last time and shrugged as we shared a grin. The artist inked the outline of the tribal sun on the ball of my right shoulder, then stepped back to review it. Whether I liked

An implantable medical device system capable of generating a patient alert message for display on an external patient communicator is provided. The patient alert message notifies the patient that a patient alert condition has been detected; indicates what type of alert condition was detected, and instructs the patient regarding what action should be taken. The patient alert message may additionally provide an indication of the severity of the patient alert condition. The IMD system includes an IMD capable of sensing signals for detecting multiple patient alert conditions and generating a patient alert signal. The IMD system further includes an external patient communicator capable of receiving patient alert data from the IMD. Upon receipt of the patient alert data, the patient communicator displays a patient alert message including patient instructions which typically indicate appropriate medical personnel contact information. The present invention relates generally to implantable medical devices and more particularly to an implantable medical device system and method for generating a patient alert. A variety of implantable medical devices (IMDs) are commercially available for monitoring physiological signals and for delivering therapies, such as cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators, hemodynamic monitors, drug delivery devices, insulin monitors and pumps, and neuromuscular stimulators. These devices may detect clinically serious or life-threatening conditions related to physiological events or conditions. Such devices are also typically enabled to perform self-diagnostic tests or otherwise monitor device performance issues, such as battery life-expectancy, electrical lead impedance, frequency of delivered therapies, and so on. The advanced capabilities of IMDs in detecting physiological or device-related conditions that may warrant clinical attention or even emergency care has motivated the addition of real time patient warning features to IMD systems. A real-time warning alerts the patient that a condition requiring medical attention has been detected. Patients may be alerted to the detection of a condition requiring medical attention through sensory stimulation delivered by the IMD such as audible tones or low level muscle stimulation. For example, audible patient alarms have been proposed to be incorporated in an IMD to warn a patient of battery depletion as generally disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,345,603 and 4,488,555, incorporated herein by reference. Similarly, the application of low energy stimulation to electrodes on or near the IMD to provide a perceptible tingling or twitching has been generally proposed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,140,131, and 5,076,272, both of which are incorporated herein by reference, and also in the above-incorporated '603 patent. Use of an audible alarm incorporated into an implantable cardioverter/defibrillator to warn the patient of impending delivery of a cardioversion shock is generally disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,210,149, incorporated herein by reference. Audible sounds, which may include voiced statements, may be emitted by an IMD, for example, to warn a patient of battery energy depletion or imminent delivery of a therapy as generally disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,067,473 issued to Greeninger et al., incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Acoustic or visual display messages to alert or warn a patient may be incorporated in external medical devices as generally disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,285,792, issued to Sjoquist et al., incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. With a growing number of monitoring and detection features available in implantable medical devices, patient alarms may be generated for a number of different physiological or device-related triggering conditions. The patient may be aware of a patient alarm or alert but unaware of the severity or type of condition that has triggered a sensory patient alert. As a result, the patient may be unsure as to the most appropriate action and the urgency of any required action he or she should take to address the potentially serious or even life-threatening condition. Furthermore, when a patient alarm is implemented as an auditory signal, a patient that has difficulty hearing or is in a noisy environment may be unable to hear the alarm. The present invention provides in one embodiment, an IMD system capable of generating a patient alert message for display on an external patient communicator. The patient alert message notifies the patient that a patient alert condition has been detected; indicates what type of alert condition was detected, and instructs the patient regarding what action should be taken. The patient alert message may additionally provide an indication of the severity of the patient alert condition. The IMD system includes an IMD capable of detecting multiple patient alert triggering conditions and generating a patient alert signal in response to an alert condition. The IMD system further includes an external patient communicator device capable of receiving the patient alert signal from the IMD. The IMD is enabled to detect one or more alert triggering conditions relating to sensed physiological signals or monitored device performance parameters. Upon detecting an alert triggering condition, based on predefined trigger condition criteria, a patient alert signal is generated. In one embodiment the patient alert signal is a wireless communication signal containing patient alert data for transmission to the patient communicator. In another embodiment, the patient alert signal is sensory stimulus delivered to the patient to notify the patient of the presence of a patient alert condition. The patient is previously advised to initiate a communication session between the IMD and the patient communicator upon perceiving a sensory alert signal to allow patient alert data to be transferred to the patient communicator and a patient alert message to be displayed. In one embodiment, the patient communicator is a dedicated device for receiving patient alert data through a communication link with the IMD upon detection of a patient alert triggering condition by the IMD. The patient communicator responds to an alert signal by displaying an alert message including the alert condition information and patient instructions. The patient instructions may include phone numbers of the appropriate medical personnel to contact regarding the triggering condition. Patient instructions and other alert information are displayed in accordance with programmable data stored in the patient communicator or IMD memory. In another embodiment, the patient communicator is implemented in an external medical device (EMD) such as a patient programmer or home monitor. The EMD includes the patient communicator functions for receiving patient alert telemetry from the IMD and displaying an alert message in addition to other programming or monitoring functions, which may include transferring data, including patient alert data, to a central database for remote patient monitoring. FIG. 1 illustrates an IMD system including a patient communicator unit in accordance with the present invention, for communicating patient alert information to a patient. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of typical functional components of an IMD, such as the IMD shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of an IMD in communication with a patient communicator for transferring patient alert data for display by the patient communicator. FIG. 4 is an illustration of an exemplary patient communicator alert message display. FIG. 5 is a flow chart summarizing steps included in a patient alert method. FIG. 1 illustrates an IMD system including a patient communicator unit in accordance with the present invention, for communicating patient alert information to a patient. IMD 10 is shown implanted in a patient 12. The simplified illustration of IMD 10 may represent a variety of IMDs such as cardiac pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, hemodynamic monitors, ECG recorders, drug delivery devices, insulin monitors or pumps, or neuromuscular stimulators. IMD 10 may be coupled to one or more leads or fluid delivery catheters. Leads may be used for carrying electrodes or physiological sensors used for monitoring one or more physiological conditions and delivering electrical stimulation therapies. IMD 10 may alternatively be embodied as a leadless device wherein sensors or electrodes are incorporated in or on the housing of IMD 10. Examples of leadless monitoring devices are generally disclosed in U.S.

$\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(t)/t^{\alpha}$ is infinitely divisible (see Steutel and van Harn (2004), Proposition 2.1). As the limit of a sequence of infinitely divisible random variables is infinitely divisible (see Steutel and van Harn (2004), Proposition 2.2), it follows that $Y_{\alpha}(1)$ is infinitely divisible. This leads to a contradiction. \end{proof} Let us assume that \begin{equation}\label{r1r2} r_{1}=k(k+1)(\lambda_{1}-\lambda_{2})/2\ \ \text{and}\ \ r_{2}=k(k+1)(2k+1)(\lambda_{1}+\lambda_{2})/6. \end{equation} The mean, variance and covariance function of $\{S^{k}(t)\}_{t\ge0}$ are given by (see Gupta {\it et al.} (2020)) \begin{equation}\label{meanvarskt} \mathbb{E}\left(S^{k}(t)\right)=r_{1}t,\ \ \operatorname{Var}\left(S^{k}(t)\right)=r_{2}t \ \ \text{and}\ \ \operatorname{Cov}\left(S^{k}(s),S^{k}(t)\right)=r_{2}s,\ \ 0<s\leq t. \end{equation} The mean, variance and covariance of FSPoK are \begin{align} \mathbb{E}\left(\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(t)\right)&=r_{1}\mathbb{E}\left(Y_{\alpha}(t)\right),\label{es}\\ \operatorname{Var}\left(\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(t)\right)&=r_{2}\mathbb{E}\left(Y_{\alpha}(t)\right)+r_{1}^{2}\operatorname{Var}\left(Y_{\alpha}(t)\right),\label{vs}\\ \operatorname{Cov}\left(\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(s),\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(t)\right)&=r_{2}\mathbb{E}\left(Y_{\alpha}(s)\right)+r_{1}^{2}\operatorname{Cov}\left(Y_{\alpha}(s),Y_{\alpha}(t)\right),\label{cs} \end{align} which are obtained by using Theorem 2.1 of Leonenko {\it et al.} (2014). \begin{remark} On substituting $k=1$ in (\ref{es})-(\ref{cs}), we get the mean, variance and covariance of FSP (see Kerss {\it et al.} (2014), Remark 3.2). \end{remark} Next, we show that the FSPoK possesses the LRD property. The following definition will be used (see D'Ovidio and Nane (2014), Maheshwari and Vellaisamy (2016)): \begin{definition} Let $s>0$ be fixed and $\{X(t)\}_{t\ge0}$ be a stochastic process such that \begin{equation*} \lim_{t\to\infty}\frac{\operatorname{Cov}(X(s),X(t))}{\sqrt{\operatorname{Var}(X(s))}\sqrt{\operatorname{Var}(X(t))}t^{-\gamma}}= c(s). \end{equation*} If $\gamma\in(0,1)$ the process $\{X(t)\}_{t\ge0}$ has the LRD property, and if $\gamma\in(1,2)$ it has the SRD property. \end{definition} \begin{theorem} The FSPoK has the LRD property. \end{theorem} \begin{proof} For a fixed $s>0$, we have \begin{equation}\label{mnt} \lim_{t\to\infty}\frac{\operatorname{Cov}\left(\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(s),\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(t)\right)}{\sqrt{\operatorname{Var}\left(\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(t)\right)}\sqrt{\operatorname{Var}\left(\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(t)\right)}t^{-\alpha}}=c(s), \end{equation} where \begin{equation*} c(s)=\left(\frac{1}{\Gamma(2\alpha)} - \frac{1}{ \alpha(\Gamma(\alpha))^2}\right)^{-1} \left(\frac{\alpha r_{2} }{\Gamma(1+\alpha) r_{1}^2} +\frac{ \alpha s^{\alpha}}{\Gamma(1+2\alpha)} \right). \end{equation*} The result in (\ref{mnt}) follows by using a result on p. $10$ of Leonenko {\it et al.} (2014), and the mean and variance of SPoK which are given in (\ref{meanvarskt}). Thus, the FSPoK exhibits the LRD property as $0<\alpha<1$. \end{proof} \begin{remark} For a fixed $h>0$, the increment of FSPoK is defined as \begin{equation*} Z^{k}_{h}(t)=\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(t+h)-\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(t),\ \ t\ge0. \end{equation*} It can be shown that the increment process $\{Z^{k}_{h}(t)\}_{t\ge0}$ exhibits the SRD property. The proof follows similar lines to that of Theorem 1 of Maheshwari and Vellaisamy (2016), and thus it is omitted. \end{remark} \section{The FSPoK time-changed by a L\'evy subordinator} In this section, we consider a time-changed version of the FSPoK. We call it the time-changed fractional Skellam process of order $k$ (TCFSPoK) and denote it by $\{\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha} (t)\}_{t\ge0}$, $0<\alpha\le1$. It is defined as the FSPoK time-changed by an independent L\'evy subordinator $\{D_f (t)\}_{t\ge0}$ with $\mathbb{E}\left(D^r_f(t)\right)<\infty$ for all $r>0$. Thus, \begin{equation}\label{qws11ww1} \mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(t)\coloneqq \mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(D_f (t)),\ \ t\ge0, \end{equation} where $\{\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(t)\}_{t\ge0}$ is independent of $\{D_f (t)\}_{t\ge0}$. For $\alpha=1$, the TCFSPoK reduces to a time-changed version of the SPoK (see Gupta {\it et al.} (2020)), that is, \begin{equation*} \mathcal{Z}^{f}(t)\coloneqq \mathcal{S}^{k}(D_f (t)),\ \ t\ge0. \end{equation*} Its pmf $p^{f}(n,t)=\mathrm{Pr}\{\mathcal{Z}^{f}(t)=n\}$ is given by (see Gupta {\it et al.} (2020), Eq. (47)) \begin{equation*} p^{f}(n,t)=\sum_{x=\max(0,-n)}^{\infty}\frac{(k\lambda_{1})^{n+x}(k\lambda_{2})^{x}}{(n+x)!x!}\mathbb{E}\left(e^{-k(\lambda_{1}+\lambda_{2})D_{f}(t)}D_{f}^{2n+x}(t)\right),\ \ n\in \mathbb{Z}. \end{equation*} The mean and covariance of inverse stable subordinator are given by (see Leonenko {\it et al.} (2014), Eq. (8) and Eq. (10)) \begin{equation}\label{meani} \mathbb{E}\left(Y_{\alpha}(t)\right)=\frac{t^{\alpha}}{\Gamma(\alpha+1)} \end{equation} and \begin{equation}\label{covin} \operatorname{Cov}\left(Y_{\alpha}(s),Y_{\alpha}(t)\right)=\frac{1}{\Gamma^2(\alpha+1)}\left( \alpha s^{2\alpha}B(\alpha,\alpha+1)+F(\alpha;s,t)\right),\ \ 0<s\le t, \end{equation} where $F(\alpha;s,t)=\alpha t^{2\alpha}B(\alpha,\alpha+1;s/t)-(ts)^{\alpha}$. Here, $B(\alpha,\alpha+1)$ and $B(\alpha,\alpha+1;s/t)$ denote the beta function and the incomplete beta function, respectively. Let $l_{1}=r_{1}/\Gamma(\alpha+1)$, $l_{2}=r_{2}/\Gamma(\alpha+1)$ and $d=l_{1}^{2}\alpha B(\alpha,\alpha+1)$ where $r_{1}$ and $r_{2}$ are given by (\ref{r1r2}). The mean of TCFSPoK is obtained as follows: \begin{equation}\label{mean} \mathbb{E}\left(\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(t)\right)=\mathbb{E}\left(\mathbb{E}\left(\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(D_{f}(t))|D_{f}(t)\right)\right)=l_{1}\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{\alpha}(t)\right). \end{equation} On substituting (\ref{meani}) and (\ref{covin}) in (\ref{cs}), we get \begin{equation*} \mathbb{E}\left(\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(s)\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(t)\right)=l_{2}s^{\alpha}+ds^{2\alpha}+\alpha l_{1}^{2}\left(t^{2\alpha}B(\alpha,\alpha+1;s/t)\right). \end{equation*} Thus, \begin{align*} \mathbb{E}\left(\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(s)\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(t)\right)&=\mathbb{E}\left(\mathbb{E}\left(\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(D_{f}(s))\mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(D_{f}(t))|D_{f}(s),D_{f}(t)\right)\right)\\ &=l_{2}\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{\alpha}(s)\right)+ d\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{2\alpha}(s)\right) +\alpha l_{1}^{2} \mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{2\alpha}(t)B\left(\alpha,\alpha+1;D_{f}(s)/D_{f}(t)\right)\right). \end{align*} Hence, the covariance of TCFSPoK is given by \begin{align}\label{cov} \operatorname{Cov}\left(\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(s),\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(t)\right)&=l_{2}\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{\alpha}(s)\right)+ d\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{2\alpha}(s)\right)-l_{1}^{2}\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{\alpha}(s)\right)\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{\alpha}(t)\right)\nonumber\\ &\ \ + \alpha l_{1}^{2} \mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{2\alpha}(t)B\left(\alpha,\alpha+1;D_{f}(s)/D_{f}(t)\right)\right). \end{align} Also, its variance is obtained by substituting $s=t$ in (\ref{cov}) which is given by \begin{equation}\label{var} \operatorname{Var}\left(\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(t)\right)=\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{\alpha}(t)\right)\left(l_{2}-l_{1}^{2}\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{\alpha}(t)\right)\right)+2d\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{2\alpha}(t)\right). \end{equation} \begin{remark} On substituting $k=1$ and taking $\lambda_{2}\to 0$ in (\ref{mean})-(\ref{var}), we get the mean, covariance and variance of a time-changed version of the fractional Poisson process (see Maheshwari and Vellaisamy (2019), Theorem 3.2). \end{remark} Next we show that the TCFSPoK exhibits the LRD property under certain restrictions on the L\'evy subordinator. For positive functions $f$ and $g$, the notation $f\sim g$ stands for $f(t)/g(t)\to 1$ as $t\to\infty$. \begin{theorem} Let $\{D_f(t)\}_{t\ge0}$ be a L\'evy subordinator with $f(\cdot)$ being its associated Bern\v stein function defined in (\ref{fs}) such that $\mathbb{E}\left(D^r_f(t)\right)<\infty$ for all $r>0$. The TCFSPoK $\{\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(t)\}_{t\ge0}$, $0<\alpha<1$ exhibits the LRD property if \begin{equation}\label{12} \mathbb{E}\left(D_f^{i\alpha}(t)\right)\sim k_it^{i\rho},\ \ i=1,2, \end{equation} for some $0< \rho <1$, and positive constants $k_1$ and $k_2$ such that $k_2\geq k_1^2$. \end{theorem} \begin{proof} Let $0<s<t$. In (\ref{cov}), we use the following asymptotic result for large $t$ (see Maheshwari and Vellaisamy (2019), Theorem 3.3) \begin{equation*} \alpha\mathbb{E}\left(D_f^{2\alpha}(t)B\left(\alpha,\alpha+1;D_f(s)/D_f(t)\right)\right)\sim \mathbb{E}\left(D_f^{\alpha}(s)\right){\mathbb E}\left(D_f^{\alpha}(t-s)\right), \end{equation*} to obtain \begin{align*} \operatorname{Cov}\left(\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(s),\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(t)\right)&\sim l_{2}\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{\alpha}(s)\right)+ d\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{2\alpha}(s)\right)-l_{1}^{2}\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{\alpha}(s)\right)\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{\alpha}(t)\right)\\ &\ \ \ +l_{1}^{2} \mathbb{E}\left(D_f^{\alpha}(s)\right){\mathbb E}\left(D_f^{\alpha}(t-s)\right)\\ &\sim l_{2}\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{\alpha}(s)\right)+ d\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{2\alpha}(s)\right)-l_{1}^{2} \mathbb{E}\left(D_f^{\alpha}(s)\right)k_1(t^\rho-(t-s)^\rho)\\ &\sim l_{2}\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{\alpha}(s)\right)+ d\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{2\alpha}(s)\right)-l_{1}^{2} \mathbb{E}\left(D_f^{\alpha}(s)\right)k_1s\rho t^{\rho-1}, \end{align*} where we have used (\ref{12}) in the penultimate step. Again by using (\ref{12}) in (\ref{var}), we get \begin{align*} \operatorname{Var}\left(\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(t)\right)&\sim l_{2}k_1t^\rho- l_{1}^{2}k^{2}_1t^{2\rho} +2dk_2t^{2\rho}\\ &\sim \left(2dk_2-k^{2}_1l_{1}^{2}\right)t^{2\rho}\\ &=\frac{r_{1}^2}{\alpha}\left(\frac{k_2}{\Gamma(2\alpha)}-\frac{k_1^2}{\alpha\Gamma^2(\alpha)}\right)t^{2\rho}. \end{align*} \noindent Thus, for large $t$, we have \begin{align*} \operatorname{Corr}\left(\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(s),\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(t)\right)&\sim\frac{l_{2}\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{\alpha}(s)\right)+ d\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{2\alpha}(s)\right)-l_{1}^{2} \mathbb{E}\left(D_f^{\alpha}(s)\right)k_1s\rho t^{\rho-1}}{\sqrt{\operatorname{Var}\left(\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(s)\right)}\sqrt{\left(2dk_2-k^{2}_1l_{1}^{2}\right)t^{2\rho}}}\\ &\sim c_{1}(s)t^{-\rho}, \end{align*} \noindent where \begin{equation*} c_{1}(s)=\frac{l_{2}\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{\alpha}(s)\right)+ d\mathbb{E}\left(D_{f}^{2\alpha}(s)\right)}{\sqrt{\operatorname{Var}\left(\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(s)\right)\left(2dk_2-k^{2}_1l_{1}^{2}\right)}}. \end{equation*} Hence, the TCFSPoK exhibits the LRD property as $0< \rho <1$. \end{proof} \begin{remark} In a similar way it can be shown that $\{\mathcal{Z}^{f}(t)\}_{t\ge0}$ exhibits the LRD property. \end{remark} The following result will be used to prove the law of iterated logarithm (LIL) for TCFSPoK (see Bertoin (1996), Theorem 14, p. 92). \begin{lemma} Let $\{D_{f}(t)\}_{t\ge0}$ be a L\'evy subordinator whose associated Bern\v stein function $f$ is regularly varying at $0+$ with index $0<\gamma<1$, {\it i.e.}, $\lim_{x\rightarrow 0+}f(\lambda x)/f(x)=\lambda^\gamma$, $\lambda>0$. Also, let \begin{equation}\label{gt} g(t)=\frac{\log\log t}{\phi(t^{-1}\log\log t)},\ \ t>e, \end{equation} where $\phi$ is the inverse of $f$. Then, \begin{equation}\label{qweqw1} \liminf_{t\to\infty}\frac{D_{f}(t)}{g(t)}=\gamma(1-\gamma)^{(1-\gamma)/\gamma},\ \ \text{a.s.} \end{equation} \end{lemma} \begin{theorem} Let the Bern\v stein function $f(\cdot)$ associated with L\'evy subordinator $\{D_{f}(t)\}_{t\ge0}$ be regularly varying at 0+ with index $0<\gamma<1$. Then, \begin{equation}\label{lil} \liminf_{t\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(t)}{(g(t))^{\alpha}}\stackrel{d}{=}\frac{k(k+1)}{2}(\lambda_{1}-\lambda_{2}) Y_{\alpha}(1)\gamma^\alpha\left(1-\gamma\right)^{\alpha(1-\gamma)/\gamma}, \end{equation} where $ g(t)$ is given in (\ref{gt}). \end{theorem} \begin{proof} Note that $D_f(t)\to\infty$ as $t\to\infty$, {\it a.s.} (see Bertoin (1996), p. 73). From (\ref{skellam}), (\ref{FSPoK}) and (\ref{qws11ww1}), we get \begin{align*} \mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(t)&=N_{1}^{k}(Y_{\alpha}(D_{f}(t)))-N_{2}^{k}(Y_{\alpha}(D_{f}(t)))\\ &\stackrel{d}{=}N_{1}^{k}(D^{\alpha}_{f}(t)Y_{\alpha}(1))-N_{2}^{k}(D^{\alpha}_{f}(t)Y_{\alpha}(1)), \end{align*} where we have used the self-similarity property of $\{Y_{\alpha}(t)\}_{t\ge0}$. Hence, \begin{align*} \liminf_{t\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\mathcal{Z}^{f}_{\alpha}(t)}{(g(t))^{\alpha}}&\stackrel{d}{=}\liminf_{t\rightarrow\infty}\frac{N_{1}^{k}(D^{\alpha}_{f}(t)Y_{\alpha}(1))-N_{2}^{k}(D^{\alpha}_{f}(t)Y_{\alpha}(1))}{(g(t))^{\alpha}}\\ &=\liminf_{t\rightarrow\infty}\left(\frac{N_{1}^{k}(D^{\alpha}_{f}(t)Y_{\alpha}(1))-N_{2}^{k}(D^{\alpha}_{f}(t)Y_{\alpha}(1))}{D^{\alpha}_{f}(t)Y_{\alpha}(1)}\right)\frac{D^{\alpha}_{f}(t)Y_{\alpha}(1)}{(g(t))^{\alpha}}\\ &\stackrel{d}{=}\frac{k(k+1)}{2}(\lambda_{1}-\lambda_{2}) Y_{\alpha}(1)\left(\liminf_{t\rightarrow\infty}\frac{D_{f}(t)}{g(t)}\right)^{\alpha},\ \ (\text{using}\ (\ref{limit}))\\ &\stackrel{d}{=}\frac{k(k+1)}{2}(\lambda_{1}-\lambda_{2}) Y_{\alpha}(1)\gamma^\alpha\left(1-\gamma\right)^{\alpha(1-\gamma)/\gamma}, \end{align*} where the last step follows from \eqref{qweqw1}. \end{proof} \begin{remark} On substituting $k=1$ and taking $\lambda_{2}\to 0$ in (\ref{lil}), we get the LIL for a time-changed version of the fractional Poisson process (see Maheshwari and Vellaisamy (2019), Theorem 3.5). \end{remark} \subsection{Some special cases of the TCFSPoK} In this subsection, we time-change the FSPoK and the SPoK by three specific L\'evy subordinators, namely, the gamma subordinator, the tempered stable subordinator and the inverse Gaussian subordinator. We obtain the governing systems of differential equations for their one-dimensional distributions. \subsubsection{FSPoK time-changed by gamma subordinator} Let $\{Z(t)\}_{t\ge0}$ be a gamma subordinator with the following probability density function (pdf): \begin{equation*} g(x,t)=\frac{a^{bt}}{\Gamma(bt)}x^{bt-1}e^{-ax},\ \ x>0, \end{equation*} where $a>0$ and $b>0$. The Bern\v stein function $f_{1}(s)$ associated with $\{Z(t)\}_{t\ge0}$ is given by $f_{1}(s)=b\log(1+s/a),\ s>0$ (see Applebaum (2009), p. 55). The FSPoK time-changed by an independent gamma subordinator is defined as \begin{equation}\label{gam} \mathcal{Z}^{f_{1}}_{\alpha}(t)\coloneqq \mathcal{S}^{k}_{\alpha}(Z(t)),\ \ t\ge0. \end{equation} The following result will be used to obtain the governing system of differential equations for its pmf $p_{\alpha}^{f_{1}}(n,t)=\mathrm{Pr}\{\mathcal{Z}^{f_{1}}_{\alpha}(t)=n\}$, $n\in\mathbb{Z}$. \begin{lemma}[Vellaisamy and Maheshwari (2018)]\label{lemma} For any $\gamma\ge1$, the pdf $g(x,t)$ of gamma subordinator solves \begin{align*} D_t^{\gamma}g(x,t)&=bD_t^{\gamma-1}\left(\log(a x)-\psi(bt)\right)g(x,t), \ \ \ x>0,\\ g(x,0)&=0. \end{align*} Here, $\psi(x)\coloneqq\Gamma^{\prime}(x)/\Gamma(x)$ is the digamma function and $D_t^{\gamma}$ is the R-L fractional derivative defined in (\ref{RL}). \end{lemma} \begin{theorem} Let $\gamma\ge1$ and $\psi(x)$ be the digamma function. Then, the pmf $p_{\alpha}^{f_{1}}(n,t)$ solves the following equation: \begin{equation*} D_t^{\gamma}p_{\alpha}^{f_{1}}(n,t)=bD_t^{\gamma-1}\left(\log (a)-\psi(bt)\right)p_{\alpha}^{f_{1}}(n,t)+b\int_{0}^{\infty}p^{k}_{\alpha}(n,x)\log (x)D_t^{\gamma-1}g(x,t)\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{equation*} \end{theorem} \begin{proof} From (\ref{gam}), we have \begin{equation}\label{qaza122} p_{\alpha}^{f_{1}}(n,t)=\int_{0}^{\infty}p^{k}_{\alpha}(n,x)g(x,t)\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{equation} Taking the R-L fractional derivative in (\ref{qaza122}) and using Lemma \ref{lemma}, we get \begin{align*} D_t^{\gamma}p_{\alpha}^{f_{1}}(n,t)&=\int_{0}^{\infty}p^{k}_{\alpha}(n,x)D_t^{\gamma}g(x,t)\,\mathrm{d}x\\ &=b\int_{0}^{\infty}p^{k}_{\alpha}(n,x)D_t^{\gamma-1}\left(\log(a x)-\psi(bt)\right)g(x,t)\,\mathrm{d}x\\ &=bD_t^{\gamma-1}\log (a) \int_{0}^{\infty}p^{k}_{\alpha}(n,x)g(x,t)\,\mathrm{d}x+b \int_{0}^{\infty} p^{k}_{\alpha}(n,x)\log (x)D_t^{\gamma-1}g(x,t)\,\mathrm{d}x\\ &\ \ - bD_t^{\gamma-1}\psi(bt)\int_{0}^{\infty}p^{k}_{\alpha}(n,x)g(x,t)\,\mathrm{d}x\\ &=bD_t^{\gamma-1}\left(\log (a)-\psi(bt)\right)p_{\alpha}^{f_{1}}(n,t)+b\int_{0}^{\infty}p^{k}_{\alpha}(n,x)\log (x)D_t^{\gamma-1}g(x,t)\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{align*} This completes the proof. \end{proof} Next we discuss two particular cases of the time-changed SPoK (see Gupta {\it et al.} (2020)). \subsubsection{SPoK time-changed by tempered stable subordinator} Let $\{\mathscr{D}_{\eta,\nu}(t)\}_{t\ge0}$ denote the tempered stable subordinator (TSS) with stability index $0<\nu<1$ and the tempering parameter $\eta>0$. The Bern\v stein function $f_{2}(s)$ associated with TSS is given by \begin{equation}\label{bs1} f_{2}(s)=(\eta+s)^{\nu}-\eta^{\nu},\ s>0. \end{equation} The SPoK time-changed by an independent TSS is defined as \begin{equation}\label{tss} \mathcal{Z}^{f_{2}}(t)\coloneqq \mathcal{S}^{k}(\mathscr{D}_{\eta,\nu}(t)),\ \ t\ge0. \end{equation} \begin{proposition} The pmf $p^{f_{2}}(n,t)=\mathrm{Pr}\{\mathcal{Z}^{f_{2}}(t)=n\}$, $n\in\mathbb{Z}$, is the solution of the following differential equation: \begin{equation*} \left(\eta^{\nu}-\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t}\right)^{1/\nu}p^{f_{2}}(n,t)=\eta p^{f_{2}}(n,t)+k(\lambda_{1}+\lambda_{2})p^{f_{2}}(n,t)-\lambda_{1}\sum_{j=1}^{k}p^{f_{2}}(n-j,t)-\lambda_{2}\sum_{j=1}^{k}p^{f_{2}}(n+j,t). \end{equation*} \end{proposition} \begin{proof} From (\ref{tss}), we have \begin{equation*} p^{f_{2}}(n,t)=\int_{0}^{\infty}p^{k}(n,x) h_{\eta,\nu}(x,t)\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{equation*} Here, $h_{\eta,\nu}(x,t)$ denotes the pdf of TSS. It is known that (See Beghin (2015), Eq. (15)) \begin{equation*} \frac{\partial}{\partial x}h_{\eta,\nu}(x,t)=-\eta h_{\eta,\nu}(x,t)+\left(\eta^{\nu}-\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\right)^{1/\nu}h_{\eta,\nu}(x,t), \end{equation*} with initial conditions $h_{\eta,\nu}(x,0)=\delta_0(x)$ and $h_{\eta,\nu}(0,t)=0$. Here, $\delta_0(x)$ is the Dirac delta function. Using the following results: $\lim_{x\to 0}h_{\eta,\nu}(x,t)=\lim_{x\to \infty}h_{\eta,\nu}(x,t)=0$, we get \begin{align*} \left(\eta^{\nu}-\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} t}\right)^{1/\nu}p^{f_{2}}(n,t)&=\int_{0}^{\infty}p^{k}(n,x)\left(\frac{\partial}{\partial x} h_{\eta,\nu}(x,t)+\eta h_{\eta,\nu}(x,t)\right)\,\mathrm{d}x\\ &=\eta p^{f_{2}}(n,t)-\int_{0}^{\infty}h_{\eta,\nu}(x,t)\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} x}p^{k}(n,x) \,\mathrm{d}x\\ &=\eta p^{f_{2}}(n,t)- \int_{0}^{\infty}\bigg(-k(\lambda_{1}+\lambda_{2})p^{k}(n,x)+\lambda_{1}\sum_{j=1}^{k}p^{k}(n-j,x)\\ &\ \ +\lambda_{2}\sum_{j=1}^{k}p^{k}(n+j,x)\bigg)h_{\eta,\nu}(x,t)\,\mathrm{d}x,\ \ {(\text{using (\ref{skellam gov})})}\\ &=\eta p^{f_{2}}(n,t)+k(\lambda_{1}+\lambda_{2})p^{f_{2}}(n,t)\\ &\ \ -\lambda_{1}\sum_{j=1}^{k}p^{f_{2}}(n-j,t)-\lambda_{2}\sum_{j=1}^{k}p^{f_{2}}(n+j,t). \end{align*} This completes the proof. \end{proof} If $\nu^{-1}=m\ge2$ is an integer then the pmf $p^{f_{2}}(n,t)$ solves \begin{equation*} \sum_{k=1}^{m}(-1)^{k}\binom{m}{k}\eta^{(1-k/m)}\frac{\mathrm{d}^{k}}{\mathrm{d} t^{k}}p^{f_{2}}(n,t)=k(\lambda_{1}+\lambda_{2})p^{f_{2}}(n,t)-\lambda_{1}\sum_{j=1}^{k}p^{f_{2}}(n-j,t)-\lambda_{2}\sum_{j=1}^{k}p^{f_{2}}(n+j,t). \end{equation*} \subsubsection{SPoK time-changed by inverse Gaussian subordinator} Let $\{Y(t)\}_{t\ge0}$ be an inverse Gaussian (IG) subordinator with the following pdf (see Applebaum (2009), Eq. (1.27)) \begin{equation*} q(x,t)=(2\pi)^{-1/2}\delta tx^{-3/2}e^{\delta\gamma t-\frac{1}{2}(\delta^{2}t^{2}x^{-1}+\gamma^{2}x)}, \ \ x>0,\ \delta>0,\ \gamma>0 \end{equation*} and the associated Bern\v stein function \begin{equation}\label{ploiuy67} f_{3}(s)=\delta\left(\sqrt{2s+\gamma^2}-\gamma\right),\ \ s>0. \end{equation} The SPoK time-changed by an independent IG subordinator is defined as \begin{equation}\label{ig} \mathcal{Z}^{f_{3}}(t)\coloneqq \mathcal{S}^{k}(Y(t)),\ \ t\ge0. \end{equation} \begin{proposition}\label{p4.1} The pmf $p^{f_{3}}(n,t)=\mathrm{Pr}\{\mathcal{Z}^{f_{3}}(t)=n\}$, $n\in\mathbb{Z}$, solves the following differential equation: \begin{align*} \left(\frac{\mathrm{d}^2}{\mathrm{d}t^2}-2\delta \gamma \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t}\right) p^{f_{3}}(n,t)&=2\delta^2\Bigg(k(\lambda_{1}+\lambda_{2})p^{f_{3}}(n,t)\\ &\hspace*{3cm} -\lambda_{1}\sum_{j=1}^{k}p^{f_{3}}(n-j,t)-\lambda_{2}\sum_{j=1}^{k}p^{f_{3}}(n+j,t)\Bigg). \end{align*} \end{proposition} \begin{proof} From (\ref{ig}), we have \begin{equation}\label{123} p^{f_{3}}(n,t)=\int_0^{\infty}p^{k}(n,x)q(x,t)\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{equation} On taking derivatives, we get \begin{equation*} \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t} p^{f_{3}}(n,t) = \int_0^{\infty}p^{k}(n,x) \frac{\partial}{\partial t} q(x,t)\,\mathrm{d}x \end{equation*} and \begin{equation*} \frac{\mathrm{d}^2}{\mathrm{d} t^2} p^{f_{3}}(n,t) = \int_0^{\infty} p^{k}(n,x) \frac{\partial^2}{\partial t^2} q(x,t)\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{equation*} The following results hold for $q(x,t)$ (see Vellaisamy and Kumar (2018), Eq. (3.3)) \begin{equation}\label{qxt212} \frac{\partial^2}{\partial t^2}q(x,t)-2\delta \gamma \frac{\partial}{\partial

Journal of High Speed Networks - Volume 23, issue 3 This journal publishes papers on a number of topics ranging from design to practical experiences with operational high performance/speed networks. The topics covered will include but not be limited to: - Communication network architectures - Evolutionary networking protocols, services and architectures A new reservation-based Medium-Access Control for full-duplex WLANs Authors: Kim, Chulmin | Kim, Cheeha Abstract: In-band simultaneous transmission between an access point (AP) and a node was enabled by recent full-duplex radio communication research. While this event was expected to increase throughput within the feasibility of full-duplex radio communication, the conventional Medium Access Control (MAC) Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) protocol in wireless local area networks (WLAN) limits this performance enhancement. Each node competes for transmission opportunities because DCF is based on half-duplex communication principles. The competition among nodes and an AP creates excessive overhead and many collisions. In this paper, we propose a new MAC protocol called Reservation-Based Medium-Access Control (RMAC) based on node reservation …in WLAN with full-duplex radio. RMAC is compatible with DCF. RMAC decreases collisions by reducing the number of competing nodes and increases throughput by reducing competition overhead. Our RMAC assures nodes a transmission opportunity without collision if a node has several packets to send. We show that RMAC achieves at least 86.3% more throughput than full-duplex radio based on DCF. The RMAC protocol also maintains high throughput even in cases of dense node deployment. Show more Keywords: Wireless LAN, computer networks, full-duplex radio, Medium Access Control DOI: 10.3233/JHS-170565 Citation: Journal of High Speed Networks, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 187-199, 2017 Cross-layering IPv6 fast handover in IEEE 802.16 Authors: Wang, Xiaonan | Cheng, Hongbin | Yao, Yufeng Abstract: In wireless networks, the handover in the network layer (L3) is usually initiated after the handover in the link layer (L2) is complete, so the total handover delay is equal to the sum of the L2 handover delay and the L3 handover delay. In order to reduce the total handover delay, this paper studies the correlations between the L2 messages and L3 ones, and proposes a cross-layering handover scheme. The main idea behind this scheme is to effectively combine the related messages in L2 and L3 and achieve the L3 handover with the L2 messages in order to minimize the …effect of the L3 handover delay on the total handover delay. The performance of this scheme is evaluated, and the results show that this scheme effectively reduces the total handover delay. Show more Keywords: IPv6, handover, IEEE 802.16, cross-layering An algorithm to detect complexes in PPI network based on harmony search clustering optimization Authors: Chen, Le | Xie, Linquan | Yang, Shuxin | Cao, Ying | Huang, Ge | Li, Xiaorong Abstract: The detection of complexes in protein–protein interaction (PPI) network bears great significance in predicting unknown protein and providing theoretical basis for various researches on a wide array of diseases. In this paper, a PPI network complexes detection algorithm based on Harmony Search Clustering Optimization Model (HMS-CD) is being proposed. Compared with the traditional harmony search algorithm, dynamic parameter of HMCR and BW is introduced to improve the search strategy. The method to find a set of nodes with a larger aggregation coefficient in PPI network is regarded as the objective function of the proposed algorithm. The experimental result on a …real dataset like yeast PPI network shows that the proposed algorithm achieves better detection accuracy than traditional harmony search (HMS) algorithm and typical MCODE algorithm, and it can detect complexes in PPI network more effectively. Show more Keywords: Harmony search, complexes detection, PPI network Logic-based clustering approach for management and improvement of VANETs Authors: Balzano, Walter | Murano, Aniello | Stranieri, Silvia Abstract: Inter-vehicular communication is a very hot topic in the most recent research environment, since the management of traffic information is an important issue in order either to minimize the number of accidents, or to optimize the road safety. The most known traffic control systems are the VANETs (Vehicular Ad Hoc Network), a decentralized structure by which vehicles are able to communicate to each other, by exploiting some OBUs (On Board Units), which actually realize signals transmission. The main idea of this work is to transform the decentralized structure, typical of the VANETs, into a centralized one. In this way, …we can obtain many advantages, such as a simpler clustering process: this last is a very important operation concerning the organization of some objects in more groups, according to some criteria which can improve the performances of a system, in general. In this case, we would exploit this notion, in order to reduce a phenomenon, known as "broadcast storm", which is very frequent when we speak about VANETs and causes most of the collisions occurring during the communication between vehicles. According to this goal, we provide, in this work, a non-exclusive clustering algorithm, by exploiting the simplicity and the expressive power of Prolog programming language. Moreover, in this work we also underline the utility of equipping this communication framework with a central unit which, on one hand, has a full knowledge of the network topology, on the other hand, it is able to collect, manage, store, and process the most important recovered data and, consequentially, to make some significant statistics. Finally, we evaluate some improvement possibilities of the described model, by integrating it with some of the most common electronic devices, which can rise its performances. Show more Keywords: VANET, broadcast storm, network topology, Prolog, clustering Adaptive resource allocation for software defined networking controllers Authors: Soursouri, Masoud | Ahmadi, Mahmood Abstract: In traditional networks, the control and data planes are integrated into a single system which makes complicated administrating and managing of these networks. Therefore, Software Defined Networking (SDN) decouples these planes using a single controller component. An SDN controller is a fundamental element that consists of applications, northbound and southbound interfaces. It also creates and manages a general view of the whole network. The increasing attempts to improve the performance of the controller have been performed, which proposed the centralized and distributed architectures for the controllers. In this paper, a service to allocate the resources to an SDN controller is …proposed. Resources such as CPU and memory based on demand are allocated. In addition, to efficient use of resources when they are not needed, deallocation of resources is done. This service has been designed based on the XenServer hypervisor OpenStack platform, OpenDayLight SDN controller and their capabilities to change the resources dynamically. The results related to resource usage show that increasing the number of switches increases the number of CPUs, and memory, linearly. Show more Keywords: SDN controller, Cloud computing, XenServer hypervisor, adaptive resource allocation Resource sharing strategies: Which sharing to better protect primary shortest paths? Authors: Saidi, Mohand Yazid | Cousin, Bernard Abstract: With the widespread use of real-time applications (VoIP, IPTV, Video conference, etc.) in Internet, protection and resource optimization become increasingly desired. Network protection aims to decrease the interruption time of communications by precomputing backup paths capable to receive and route traffics of affected primary paths upon failures. Resource optimization is achieved by improving data routing and resource sharing: data routing is often optimized by following the shortest paths whereas resource sharing is applied between the backup paths protecting against different failure risks. Two strategies of resource sharing are defined in literature: (1) backup sharing which limits the resource sharing to the …backup paths and (2) global sharing which extends the resource sharing to the primary and backup paths. In this paper, we compared the effects of resource sharing strategies on the resource utilization when the primary paths correspond to the shortest ones according to a static metric. With the single failure assumption, we show formally that the resource sharing between primary and backup paths is limited to some few links which cannot form a backup path.

imagine that you get when you think you're dying and want to move toward the light. It was utterly spectacular, desperately emotional and possibly one of my favourite moments the show has pulled off in years. Better yet, for fans less steeped in the show's history, it won't have interrupted the story one jot. It seems superfluous to note that Peter Capaldi was superb. In fact I think I might forbid myself to ever say that again in any further reviews since after his tour de force in "Heaven Sent" any lauding of Capaldi's abilities is just stating what has to surely be the bleedin' obvious. However we should also praise his guitar-playing abilities as well, as that was a very nice rendering of Murray Gold's "Clara's Theme" that he rattled off. Talking of whom, there's one last opportunity to say how fabulous Coleman has been as Clara, both with her work in this episode and every story in which she's appeared in the last three and a half years, and how missed she will be from the line-up. That said, the last few episodes of season 9 have made me realise that it's time for Clara to go, because the show urgently needs a clean slate. Long-term readers of this blog (if there are such things) will know that one of the criticisms I've had about the show under Moffat in recent years is that it's become too complex and high-brow, too ponderous and sombre, and most of all too self-referential to the point of starting to eat its own entrails. Doctor Who used to be a show about the places the Doctor would go, the people he would meet, the adventures that he would have; but repeatedly under Moffat it's become a show preoccupied to a large extent about the Doctor and to a lesser degree his companion, and not much else. If you think back, after the first episode "An Unearthly Child" it took the classic series almost two years to add anything at all to the character's back story (with the appearance of The Meddling Monk) and another year before his first regeneration; after that, another three years before we found out about the Doctor's people, the Time Lords; and another four years before their home planet even got a name. But in the last two years of the modern series it seems that we scarcely have a week go by without another major addition to or revision of the series lore about the Doctor's origins. That was all well and good in 2013, the 50th anniversary year – if there's any moment in a show's history where you can forgive it some industrial-scale self-reflection then it's surely a time such as that. Even so, you may recall that I said it was a relief that Matt Smith left at the end of the year since it meant that the show could draw a line under all that introspection and get back to enjoying itself, having adventures and not picking at its own scabs all the time. For a while that happened, but the last few episodes of season 9 have veered back into that worrying territory all over again. In fact what's most notable about "Hell Bent" is how almost every single aspect of its 65 minute running time is based on some pre-existing element of the show: not just the culmination of this season's themes or even of Moffat's tenure, but right back through to Davies (for example, the four knocks on the door) and even to the classic show. More than once I've noted that the current incarnation of the show is becoming increasingly impenetrable and off-putting to casual viewers or to younger ones and that it needs to recover some of its crowd-pleasing accessibility that Davies was always so good at, and less about Moffat cooking up ever more fiendishly complex and clever interconnected storylines for the devout fans. Season 8 and to a large extent season 9 seemed to have achieved such a new sense of direction, which is why the sudden fallback into bad habits at the end is somewhat frustrating. However I think I might know the underlying reason why: and it's Matt Smith. My speculation is that he wasn't supposed to leave as early as he did and Moffat thought he would have at least one additional season with Smith in the role of the Doctor, which would have been enough to pay off all the myriad plot lines in play at that point. Instead, Smith departed suddenly which led to the panic crush of "The Time of the Doctor" which did its best in the circumstances to wrap up as much as possible in a one-hour instalment. After that the business of the day was about introducing a new Doctor (the 'Am I a good man?' season) and only once that was done could Moffat return to the remaining plot lines that had been been suspended for the duration – the search for Gallifrey and the pay-offs to Clara's character. In my theory, Moffat's plans then took a further knock when Coleman quit in mid-2014 forcing him to set a whole new direction and exit strategy for the character; and then she un-quit and suddenly he was free to return to some of his original trajectory after all. In many ways, I think we can see a good ten episodes scattered though seasons 8 and 9 which would have constituted the principal arc of Matt Smith's fourth full season of the show had he stayed on in the title role as expected, and it would have been a more more compact and coherent affair if he had. That was not to be, so Moffat has done the best job he can reacting to these real-world production distractions and pieced together the story over a longer period despite having to introduce a new leading man and cope with the in-out moves of the companion at the same time. Viewed that way, Moffat's achievement seems not only more understandable but also significantly greater than it otherwise would. It also raises the hope that with the end of the Gallifrey arc and the exit of Clara Oswald all the business from the Matt Smith years is now finally, once and for all taken care of and that we're able to look ahead to season 10 with a genuine brand new blank slate. Hopefully it will be one consisting of fewer head-scrambling plots and more pure enjoyment and entertainment to reconnect with the casual and younger fans – and to be honest, also with the older long-term die hard fans who just want a return to some of the fun of bouncing around the universe in a battered blue box having escapist adventures after some very heavy few years of angst and turmoil. As ever, time will tell. Maybe the return of a jazzed-up sonic screwdriver is a signal of some sort. As it is, the haunting final image of the episode – the paint from the graffiti commemorating Clara's death peeling off and being blown away from the outside of the dematerialising Tardis – was a perfect final image and metaphor for the episode and for the season as a whole, as Doctor Who proceeds to shed its old skin and move on to new horizons and new companions in 2016. Rating: ★ ★ ★ ★ The 2015 Doctor Who Christmas special airs on BBC One at 5.15pm on December 26. The most recent episodes from Doctor Who season 9 are available on the BBC iPlayer. The first six episodes of the season are available on DVD and Blu-ray now, with the latter six on sale on January 4, 2016. A complete

disappeared just hours after it arrived. If we don't act now—" "Yes, you're right. We must act urgently." The sun was a shimmering globe suspended on the edge of the ocean, and Malenfant began to feel its heat draw at the skin of his face. "We've a lot to talk about." "Yes." They walked up the path to their cars. ## _F ire_ The sun is above his head. The air is hot and still. The red ground shines brightly through brittle grass. People move to and fro on the red dust. Fire thinks of Dig. He thinks of himself touching Dig's hair, her dugs, the small of her back. His member stiffens. His eyes and ears seek Dig. They don't find her. He sees Sing. Sing is lying flat her bower, in the sun. Her head does not rise. Her hand does not lift from where it is sprawled in the red dirt. Her legs are splayed. Flies nibble at her belly and eyes and mouth. Fire squats. His hands flap at the flies, chasing them away. He shakes Sing's shoulder. "Sing Sing Fire Sing!" She does not move. He puts his finger in her mouth. It is dry. Fire picks up Sing's hand. It is limp, but her arm is stiff. He drops the hand. The arm falls back with a soft thump. Dust rises, falls back. Emma is beside him. _"Fire. Maxie is ill. Perhaps you can help. Umm, Maxie sore Maxie. Fire Maxie... Fire, is something wrong?"_ Her eyes look at Sing. Her hands press at Sing's neck. Emma's head drops over Sing's mouth, and her ear listens. Fire thinks of Sing laughing. She is huge and looms over him. Her face blocks out the sun. He looks at the slack eyes, the open mouth, the dried drool. This is not Sing. His legs stand him up. He bends down and lifts the body over his shoulders. It is stiff. It is cold. Emma stands. _"Fire? Are you all right?"_ Fire's legs jog downwind. They jog until his eyes see the people are far away. Then his arms dump the body on the ground. It sprawls. He hears bones snap. Gas escapes from its backside. Bad meat. He jogs away, back to the people. He goes to Sing's bower. But the bower is empty. People are here, and then they are gone, leaving no memorials, no trace but their children, as transient as lions or deer or worms or clouds. Sing is gone from the world, as if she never existed. Soon he will forget her. He scatters the branches with his foot. Emma is watching him. Sally is here, holding Maxie. Maxie is weeping. Emma says, _"Fire, I'm sorry. Can you help us? I don't know what to do..."_ Fire grins. He reaches for Maxie. Maxie cringes. Sally pulls him back. Emma says, _"No, Fire. He doesn't want to play. Fire Maxie ill sick sore."_ Fire frowns. He touches Maxie's forehead. It is hot and wet. He touches his belly. It is hard. He thinks of a shrub with broad, coarse-textured leaves. He does not know why he thinks of the shrub. He doesn't even formulate the question. The knowledge is just there. He lopes to the forest. His ears listen and his eyes peer into the dark greenery. There are no Nutcracker-folk. There are no Elf-folk. He sees the shrub. He reaches out and plucks leaves. His legs take him out of the forest. Maxie stares at the leaves. Water runs down his face. Fire pokes a leaf into his small, hot mouth. Maxie's mouth tries to spit it out. Fire pushes it back. Maxie's mouth chews the leaf. Fire holds his jaw so the mouth can't chew. Maxie swallows the leaf, and wails. Fire makes him swallow another. And another. Somebody is shouting. "Meat! Meat!" Fire's head snaps around. The voice is coming from upwind. Now his nose can smell blood. Something big has died. His legs jog that way. He finds Stone and Blue and Dig and Grass and others. They are squatting in the dirt. They hold axes in their hands. The meat is an antelope. It is lying on the ground. Killing birds are tearing at the carcass. The killing birds tower over the people. They have long gnarled legs, and stubby useless wings, and heads the size of Fire's thigh. The heads of the birds dig into the belly and joints of the antelope, pushing right inside the carcass. The people wait, watching the birds. A pack of hyenas circles, warily watching the birds and the people. And there are Elf-folk. They sit at the edge of the forest, picking at their black-brown hair. The bands of scavengers are set out in a broad circle around the carcass, well away from the birds, held in place by a geometry of hunger and wariness. The Running-folk are scavengers among the others—not the weakest, not the strongest, not especially feared. The people wait their turn with the others, waiting for the birds to finish, knowing their place. One by one the birds strut away. Their heads jerk this way and that, dipping. Their eyes are yellow. They are looking for more antelopes to kill. The hyenas are first to get to the corpse. Their faces lunge into its ripped-open rib cage. The hyenas start to fight with one another, forgetting the killing birds, forgetting the people. Blue and Stone and Fire hurl bits of rock. The dogs back away. Their muzzles are bloody red, their eyes glaring. Their mouths want the meat. But their bodies fear the stones and sticks of the people. The people fall on the carcass. Stone's axe, held between thumb and forefinger, slices through the antelope's thick hide. The axe rolls to bring more of its edge into play. It slices meat neatly from the bones. The birds have beaks to rip meat. The hyenas and cats have teeth. The people have axes. The people work without speaking, not truly cooperating. Fire's hands cram bits of meat into his mouth, hot and raw. Fire thinks of the other people by the fire, the women and their infants and children with no name. He tells his mouth it must not eat all the meat. He holds great slabs of it in his hands, slippery and bloody. Fire's ears hear a hollering. His head snaps around. More Elf-folk are boiling out of the forest fringe, hooting, hungry. They have rocks and stones and axes in their hands. They run on their legs like people. But their legs are shorter than a person's, and they have big strong arms, longer and stronger than a person's. Stone growls. His mouth bloody, he raises his axe at the Elf-folk. The Elf-folk show their teeth. They hoot and screech. A bat swoops from the sky. It is a hunter. Its wings are broad and flap slowly. The people scatter, fearing talons and beak. The bat falls on the Elf-folk. It caws. It rises into the air. It has its talons dug into the scalp of an Elf-woman. She wriggles and cries, dugs swinging. One Elf-man throws a rock at the bat. It misses. The others just watch. She is gone, in an instant, her life over. Suddenly Stone charges forward at the Elf-folk. Blue follows. Dig follows. The Elf-folk scamper away, into the safety of their forest. Stone hoots his triumph. The people return to the antelope. The hyenas have approached again, and bats have flown down, digging into the entrails of the antelope. The people hurl stones and shout. The people's hands take meat and bones from the carcass, until their hands are full. The people's mouths dig into the carcass and bite away final chunks of meat. Other scavengers move in. Soon there will be nothing left of the antelope but scattered, crushed, chewed bones, over which insects will crawl. The children fall on the meat. Their mouths snap and their hands punch and scratch as they fight over the meat. Fire approaches Dig. He holds out meat. Her

has learned to stay with Heidegger's thoughtful dialogue with classical sources has discovered.--J. D. C. (shrink) Heraclitus in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy Heidegger and the Path of Thinking. [REVIEW]D. C. J. - 1970 - Review of Metaphysics 24 (2):350-350.details John Sallis of Duquesne University has edited this fine collection of essays on Heidegger as a tribute to the latter on the occasion of his eightieth birthday. Some of the contributions are papers that were read at a Heidegger Symposium at Duquesne in October, 1966. There is a brief letter by Heidegger addressed to Arthur Schrynemakers, chairman of the Symposium, in which Heidegger submits a set of questions for the consideration of the Symposium participants. Sallis contributes an article which responds (...) to these questions. Zygmunt Adamczewski's contribution is a commentary and elaboration of some issues, e.g., the translation of Wesen, which he discussed personally with Heidegger in 1968. Edward Ballard gives a very clear-headed account of Heidegger's critique of science. There is an excellent account of the "Ereignis" by Theodore Kisiel and of "Time and Being" by André Schuwer. Other contributors include C. D. Keyes, Thomas Langan, Ralph Powell, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka and John Wild. The volume is lacking in two respects. Except for a brief piece by Langan and for certain implications of Powell's study, there is no really sustained and well-developed critique of Heidegger either internal or external, sympathetic or unsympathetic, a failure not uncommon among Heideggerians. Moreover, there is no index of any kind--of topics, of names, or of texts of Heidegger--which impairs the book's usefulness. --J. D. C. (shrink) Poetry. Language, Thought. [REVIEW]D. C. J. - 1972 - Review of Metaphysics 25 (4):755-755.details The present contribution to the continuing translation of the works of Heidegger into English under the editorship of J. Glenn Gray is one of the most valuable. The first-rate translation, preceded by an excellent Introduction, is by Albert Hofstadter, whose popular anthology, Philosophies of Art and Beauty, had included his translation of Heidegger's 1935 essay, "The Origin of the Work of Art." That essay, along with six other pieces, hitherto untranslated, make up the present volume--including the first essay of Unterwegs (...) zur Sprache, which was not included in the English translation, On the Way to Language. The volume also contains a translation of Heidegger's poem "Aus der Erfahrung des Denkens," under the title "The Thinker as Poet." Found here too are the two important essays "Building, Dwelling and Thinking," and "The Thing," which together represent the most important of Heidegger's all too brief but very suggestive treatments of the "world" as the "Foursome". Readers of Being and Time who consult these later essays will be surprised to discover what has come of the "world" in Heidegger's later thought, and in particular of the relationship of God to the world, a theme which was bracketed in Being and Time. As a whole this very valuable collection deals with the later Heidegger's highly aesthetic, highly poetic, view of Being and of Dasein's relationship to Being. These essays represent the final outcome of his use of the phenomenological method to approach Being; and they contain, if anything does, what Heidegger means by "overcoming metaphysics." If Heidegger's later thought is, as has been suggested, a Seinsmystik, it is no less a Seinsdichtung.--J. D. C. (shrink) Poetry in Aesthetics The Language of Thought in Philosophy of Mind Obstacle and Value. [REVIEW]D. C. J. - 1973 - Review of Metaphysics 27 (2):402-402.details Rene Le Senne belongs to the classical tradition of French philosophy. Unlike Sartre and Merleau-Ponty who owe so much to German sources Le Senne draws his philosophical sustenance primarily from the French tradition of Descartes, Octave Hamelin, Maine de Biran, and Bergson. His thought is the primary form of "Neo-Cartesianism" in contemporary philosophy. He is most well known for the alliance he formed in 1934 with Louis Lavelle and which is known as the Philosophie de l'Esprit movement. This movement subscribes (...) to two principles: the primacy of the Cartesian experience of the thinking self, and the discoverability of God in the experience of the self. Obstacle and Value, Le Senne's major work, was published in 1934. In this work he develops a concept of the "I" as the "unity of experience," the matrix of all particular experiences, of both ideal cognitions and concrete existential encounters. This "ideo-existential" complex is what he calls "spirit." Spirit develops in an opposition or tension with "obstacles" which resist it. Spirit overcomes these obstacles by subverting them to its own goals, thereby endowing them with "value." The experience of obstacles gives rise to the hope of an absolute value. The spirit and God exist in a reciprocal relationship. God is never something wholly other to the self; and the self is in its inner being divinized by its relationship to God. There is then a double cogito: the cogito as man and the cogito as God. All experience is dominated by this reciprocal relationship between the self and God. The concluding chapters of the book explain how man can have the experience of being independent of God, without God. There is a helpful introduction by translator Dauenhauer, a brief bibliography, and no index of any kind.—J.D.C. (shrink) Aspects of Consciousness in Philosophy of Mind Freiheit Und Tod. [REVIEW]D. C. J. - 1973 - Review of Metaphysics 27 (1):147-148.details Arnold Metzger is one of Germany's leading philosophers. He served as an assistant to Husserl at Freiburg from 1919 to 1924 and published his first major book—Der Gegendstand der Erkenntnis —in Husserl's Jarhbuch. [[sic]] The present title is a second unchanged edition of the work which appeared in 1955, and which received a warm reception in Germany. Metzger's philosophy is concerned with working out the implications which lie in the concept of Being. There are two "mythologies" about Being which Metzger (...) hopes to dispel. The one hypostasizes Being as something transcendent and permanent, while the other is a reductionism which hypostasizes the factual. The problem of freedom and death must be understood within the context of the question of Being so formulated. Metzger's approach is in the broad sense "existential," but it is developed out of a constant dialogue with Socrates, Plato and Kant. His German is highly readable and unencumbered. His book which is a cross section of the major themes of twentieth century German philosophy, is a thoughtful meditative study of one of the major themes in contemporary thought.—J. D. C. (shrink) German Idealism in European Philosophy Heidegger and the Tradition. [REVIEW]D. C. J. - 1971 - Review of Metaphysics 25 (2):359-360.details With the publication of this translation the quality of Heidegger literature available in English takes a quantum leap forward. No book--save perhaps Otto Poeggeler's--can match Marx's for its depth of insight into Heidegger's thought. The central theme of the book is as follows. Hegel's claim to have consummated the Western "tradition" is accepted by Heidegger. The foundations of this tradition are in Greek ontology. Marx locates the classic formulation of the basic tenets of Greek ontology in the Aristotelian doctrine of (...) ousia. Being as ousia is the perduring, necessary and intelligible. The Hegelian idea of Being remains within the Aristotelian perspective because it determines Being as the unfolding of the self-same substance according to necessary law and so as to develop into a stage of maximum intelligibility. Being is more radically temporal, of course, for Hegel but this stays within the perspective of the Greek notion of eternity, because the Hegelian "substance" is relentlessly working out an eternal pattern of categories which is inscribed in its very essence, and which the Logic articulates. Heidegger's philosophy seeks to "overcome" the "tradition," and so the whole metaphysics of "substance and subject." Being is even more radically temporalized, for Heidegger does not think time

present ,giving flexibility to its citizens. Hence, having a mixed economy is more favourable option than any other option. Economy of the country must resonate with its population to give its people ample space to accommodate itself. And in india's scenario,where the state needs to be a stakeholder in the economy , actively participates by having its very own institutions at active participation in the economy. Ans: my mane is shatakshi Ans: i am pursuing b.tech from NIT,patna. Ans: capitalism 4. How far according to you is the Marxist ideology applicable with respect to the contemporary society? Ans: the society today stands at a point where the genetic pool of talent is anything but uniform, and people's talent are essentially different,hence their level of skills. The wages of society should essentially be decided on the impact of work of a personhas on growth of the organisation. Hence, Marxist society ,which advocates for uniform distribution of wealth is outrightly impractical. So, from all the interviews that have been taken ,it is evident that the citizens of the contemporary society still favours communism but not totally. If at all,they support its milder form i.e socialism and even the communists consider mixed economy as the best that can be implemented in a state. Also, according to some of them the Marxist ideology is outrighly impractical if we talk about its implementation with respect to the contemporary society. CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Communism versus Capitalism is a debate that has raged on for over two centuries. Whether to allow everyone equal opportunities and to do with those opportunities as they please or to mandate class equality in order to keep peace has in itself been the cause of wars. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels saw the working class of the world--the proletariat--being squashed by the greedy business owners--the bourgeoisie. In their view, the bourgeoisie owned too much and the proletariat had no chance to make their own fortunes. In Marx and Engels Communist Manifesto, they propose doing away with private property, nationality, and even countries in order to take power away from the bourgeoisie "spirit of self-help" is the main cause for success in individuals and is the source for the strength of nations. Marx and Engels would disagree. In their opinion the working class have no country because it is all owned by the bourgeoisie. a world in which every citizen, with hard work and determination, can become as successful as they want to be. He even points out that some will naturally succeed more than others and that everyone may not rise equally. this is due to a person's ability, not the upper class making it impossible. To Marx and Engels, it is exactly the opposite. Marx and Engels believe that the members of the working class are slaves to the bourgeoisie and that the working class had their opportunities for success taken away by industrialization. Throughout history, there have been many systems developed in order to have a better society. Two of the most analyzed, and debated systems that have tired to change an economy for the best are communism, and capitalism. Communism, and capitalism have been compared on many levels, such as why they will or will not work, and which one works better. Throughout this project I have concentrated on the differences, and similarities of how each operates, along with the benefits, and problems that each of them produces. Both of these economic systems theories came about around the same time, in the late 17th to mid18th centuries. This is the theory of a free market, based on supply and demand to take care of the consumer welfare. Capitalism gives people the freedom to do as they wish, and allows them the opportunities to work to gain great wealth, or to just survive in the society. While communism sets direct demands on the work you do and what you need to produce, so others can benefit as well as you from your hard work. There are many different outcomes and problems that can occur as a result of the different systems. The benefits for communism are set up on a larger scale that takes time and effort, as for capitalism hard work produces quick gains. Since it is harder for people of communism to see direct results from their hard work, there can be a tendency of people doing less, but still receiving the same as everyone else. Thus, there needs to be some type of point system, which makes sure each person does enough work to show for the goods received. If the work is not done then something needs to be done, such as not giving them their share, jail time, or kicked out of the community, resulting in poorer living standards. Capitalism however, gives each individual a choice of the benefits they will receive from working hard or not. You still have the chance to be poor, but unlike communism you have the chance to become rich. In communism the hardest workers receive the same, but in capitalism the hardest workers reap the most rewards. Why Socialism or Communism don't work. If you don't own it, your not going to work or take care of it. Look at apartments that are turned into condos. When the apartments are rented, the renters don't own the apartments. They are not likely to care if something gets broken and mistreated thus lowering the value, because it is not theirs. It is the landlords. It is his problem. (Who cares, no skin off my nose?) However once the people buy the condos and it becomes their property, they now have a vested interest in keeping it in good shape. While they were renters they were living under Socialism (no ownership). Once they brought the condo, they became Capitalist. (ownership) and their thinking changed. Under true Socialism or Communism, Steve Jobs could not have brought the parts for his prototype computer. If he knew that his hard work, would never allow him to make more money then his neighbor who spends his time watching mindless TV shows, why would he even bother to waste his time trying to invent something new and useful. Why not take it easy? Everybody else does. In Germany and France, union employees get months of paid vacation time. Socialism and Communism kill the 'will' to work, competition, innovation and creativity. Why compete to work? You won't make any more money. Why spend time innovating new ideas, or being creative, there won't be anything in it for me. As a result they fail to provide goods and services for their citizens. The Soviet Eastern Communist countries of the 20th century were noted for not having much goods and services for their citizens. Yet, the ruling class always had plenty of everything, and it was usually imported from capitalist countries. While we have rich people in America, we also have a large middle class, that live comfortable lives. Even many if not most poor people in America have refrigerators, TVs, and food on the table. Socialism and Communism cost money: Under Semi-Socialism in many Western European countries, the citizens are taxed at high rates of 50% to 75% of their incomes. In return the State provides cradle to grave coverage of health care, union jobs, subsidized corporations and subsidized transportation systems. While the citizens in these countries live comfortable lives they pay a high price for government Under the Soviet Communist rule, the citizens are allowed to keep very little personal goods. Effectively the state takes all the business profits, and gives the workers ration cards to buy food, and clothing. Other personal items such as TVs, radios, AC units are hard to come by, and are rationed out by the state, if you can prove you need them. In the old Soviet Union the government paid the workers with ration cards, but the cards were only good in government control stores where there were few goods of poor quality. So citizen did not feel compell to work hard for so little. A common saying in the USSR was. "We pretend to work, and they pretend to pay us." Communism: no freedom! Since Communism controls all goods and services, the individual is at the total mercy of the State.