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Without people we met, it was mostly people wearing TMNT clothes who we shouted out too. Though one was a TMNT fan who has the goal of finding Hot Spot and Scratch, this fan is a friend on Facebook. I know he wanted to meet up more through the day to do an interview, sadly it did not happen. As he was rushed away during the best time to have got to hang out. I am thankful for the gifts he had, a few TMNT ads from back in the day including one from The Coming Out of Their Shells Tour. Another fan who we met, was doing the same as we were, waiting for her badge. She had a TMNT hoodie and we started talking. She was so happy to meet fellow TMNT fans, and we introduced a new way of looking at conventions to her. The worse part here was her badge fell through. She hung out with us till Alopex showed up, did a few group photos and we said our goodbyes. Once inside the convention I went straight to NECA. This here was my goal booth, I wanted my Foot Soldier set based on the Mirage TMNT Comics. To my surprise they were cash only, so I had to go on the great ATM hunt. Which killed me, cause it went out of bag check area. I had to leave my bags with Mondo, as Metalhead disappeared someone on the dealer room floor to do some shopping for friends. I got the money and went back to NECA to get the sets. By this point I was a bit worn, as my health has been poor this year. I also felt all the time in the sun also just drained me. We spent a lot of time in the lobby area, not too far from the Nickelodeon booth. I got to see a lot of great cosplayers, including some from Zootopia. I loved it, Officer Hops would pose for photos with kids, then give them parking tickets. She was cute with the kids, and she had Nick with her. They even did some photos like from posters. Amused me for some time. To not have to carry our stuff around to much Metalhead, Mondo and I took turns going to shop for things we needed. I ran off to Mezco in search for a Living Dead Doll for my friend, Raphael. Sadly they were sold out. Mondo checked the Funko booth and found the line was just too long for him. Metalhead was able to reliever the toy he bought for a friend, to another booth to be delivered. While resting a lot of people came up to talk, some knew who I was. Which made for some nice conversation time. "Yeah, you don't want to make him made because he turns green with muscles bulging out of every part of his body and he goes totally nuts..." "Mike! Mike! Raph is already green with muscles bulging out of every part of his body, that's the Incredible Hulk Dude" "I knew that, was just testing you, won some fabulous prizes" The best part about this, is that it was all on Facebook live, till my phone started to die. I said good bye and went back to picking on the guys. Metalhead ended up giving up and finding out, but Mondo wanted to think more. What was even better was one of the FB comments we got was about not leaving everyone hanging, how not even Google could find the answer for this quote. I am not surprise, only certain people would know it, if they even remember the show that well. I will do as I did with the quote itself, the answer will be shared when I'm talking about Sunday... Give everyone some time to think it over. When the line finally moved we got to go in, when I first saw Stan, he looked like he was sleeping. Sadly that was while a photo was being taken. His eyes looked closed to me. He seemed so tired, there is a reason he's retiring. Though I know he loves doing this for the fans, which is why he's been doing it so for long. The crew stopped the line, and went up to him giving him a drink and talking as we watched. Then they started the line back up, when he looked at me he smiled and said Hello. I smiled in returned and walked up, for the photo. I am Thankful to Metalhead for making this moment happen. After the photo we got our prints. It impresses me just how fast they are with having the prints ready for you. I got protective covers for the prints and made sure I had a copy too. We headed back up stairs trying to figure out what to do with ourselves. We were all thinking about dinner, but knew we had to drop off their luggage at our hotel which was a Ferry ride away. The convention was closing, because of how long the Stan Lee line was, which gave us reasons to get our stuff and head out. Ending day one of NYCC. The following day we were originally planning to just go and get in line for the TMNT panel, since it was at another building. That idea changed when we found out IDW was going to have the autograph session before the TMNT panel. Once we got to the convention we went straight to the IDW booth and waited for them to give tickets for the autograph session. Then we wandered a little bit in that area. I found the Tower of T-Shirts, by Stylin Online. This is one of my favorite booths as I've been buying from them for 16 years now. I went and found a lot of stuff I wanted from there, but was not ready to do my shopping just yet. I said hello to the owner, wish I got to catch up more with him as he's a cool guy. The funniest part was at one point when I was walking by the booth, I heard a worker showing another worker around say. "Yes, I am the owner". I looked at the guy and smirked.... Then brought up the owner by name to him, as in "Oh so you're..." They laughed, one employee gave me high five for that response to the guy. After spending time at that booth, we went back by IDW only to learn that we could not start lining up for another half hour. So I lead Metalhead and Mondo over to the Bandi area. Showing them these great TMNT toys based on the classic line. Leonardo and Donatello came out at San Diego Comic con. I learned they were selling Raphael here at NYCC. So I did pick him up as well, these toys are amazing! While making my way out of the booth, someone did bump into my right arm. This is a risk I take when I go to any event. I know that pain is going to happen, I just can't stop living because of it. This made it hard to think of walking around anymore. Metalhead and Mondo helped me back to the IDW booth, where we started the line for the autograph session. It did not take long for people to join us in line. And a lot of our group was together for the first time. We had Alopex, Voicechaser, AJ, Metalhead, Mondo and myself. We watched as the guys showed up, and saw the line wrapping around the other side of the booth. Ciro was right near me and said hello, next to him was Rob, then Greg,

(1 mg per day), which allowed to keephomocysteinemia stable at levels around 70 μmol/l and improved her clinical condition (gait, cognition, behavior). Valproic acid was then progressively discontinued in few months. At 40 years of age, the patient has had no recurrence of seizures. Unlike her brother she still has gait difficulties with paraparesis and cannot walk without support. After 4 years of metabolic treatment a cerebral MRI did not show worsening signs (not shown). Brain MRI showing white matter changes (patient n°2). Periventricular and subcortical hyper signals with sparing of the U fibers (Axial T2 FLAIR) A literature review was performed on adolescent/adult onset MTHFR deficiencies. Patients assessed were those identified by Froese et al. [1] who undertook a thorough compilation of all MTHFR deficient patients reported in the literature (N = 192 patients from 171 families) [1]. The selection criteria were the following: (i) patients with genetic confirmation of MTHFR deficiency; and (ii) onset of neurological symptoms occurring after 10 years of age (however patients who presented mild learning disabilities before the age of 10 were also included, as many of those patients did not have a specific neurologic evaluation during childhood). Asymptomatic patients were not included but were notified if they were siblings of a reported patient in the table compiling main demographic and clinical characteristics of reviewed patients [see Additional file 1 - legend]. Among 192 patients assessed by Froese et al. [1], 163 had MTHFR mutations, and 22 of them were eligible for this review. Patients were excluded when their age of neurological onset was not known (n = 19) or when it occurred before the age of 10 (n = 122). Clinical, biochemical, and radiological characteristics of the 22 patients and of the two patients reported here are described in Table 1 (combined data). Additional tables compile the individual data of all 24 patients included in this review [see Additional file 1], as well as their mutations [see Additional file 2], respectively. Table 1 Characteristics of adolescence/adult onset MTHFR deficient patients (N = 24 patients) Among the 24 patients with adolescent/adult onset MTHFR deficiency, 12 patients suffered from epilepsy (50%), with different epileptic syndromes: generalized tonic clonic seizures (n = 4), focal seizures (n = 3), absence seizures (n = 1), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) then progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) (n = 1), and not documented in other patients (n = 3). Epilepsy was the first manifestation of disease in 7/12 patients (58%), isolated in 6 patients. Sufficient clinical and EEG data to correctly describe the epileptic syndrome were only available for three patients (5, 6 and 10). Patient n°5, a 15 year-old girl, experienced absence type seizures at 13.5 years of age which were successfully treated by sodium valproate. Six months after epilepsy onset, she developed a spastic paraparesis and cognitive difficulties, associated with white matter hypersignals on MRI. Folic acid at 25 mg/day stopped the seizures and reduced MRI white matter abnormalities. Patient n°6, a 17 year-old girl, suffered from mild learning disabilities and had her first seizures characterized by morning myoclonic jerks at 14 years of age. EEG revealed a 4-Hz polyspike waves consistent withJME. Although sodium valproate was efficient during several months, levetiracetam treatment had to be added in order to control her seizures. By the age of 15 she presented paraparesis and ataxia, cognitive decline, and increased seizures frequency with slowing and disorganization of the EEG, which prompted a diagnosis of PME. Under betaine 6 g/day, folinic acid 25 mg/day, and methionine 20 mg/kg/day, all symptoms improved. Seizure frequency decreased from daily to every few months, although the patient still required a triple anti-epileptic treatment (zonisamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam). Patient n°10 presented generalized tonic-clonic seizures at 19 years-old which were successfully treated by phenytoin, without preventing the onset of leg weakness 2 months after his first seizures. EEG demonstrated predominant theta waves without paroxysmal discharges. Brain MRI revealed diffuse bilateral hyperintensities in the deep white matter. The authors suggested that phenytoin may have precipitated MTHFR deficiency symptoms by aggravating the remethylation impairment. Betaine 6 g/day, folic acid 15 mg/day and pyridoxal phosphate 30 mg/day allowed clinical and radiological improvement, and the patient did not experience recurrence of seizures under zonisamide. Overall among all 24 reviewed patients, the mean age of onset of neurological symptoms was 22.4 year-old (+/− 12.1, 11–54), excluding mild learning disabilities reported in 29% of patients (6/21) (Table 1). The first neurological manifestations were heterogeneous: gait disorder (11/24, 46%), epilepsy (7/24; 29%), cognitive decline (5/24; 21%), psychosis (3/24; 12%), encephalopathy (1/24; 4%), and stroke (n = 1; 4%). A total of 21% of patients (5/24) suffered from thrombosis (venous or arterial). Globally, gait disorder was the most prominent symptom occurring in 96% of patients (23/24), mainly due to lower limbs weakness (21/23; 91%) either from central (19/19; 100% ofpatients had upper motor neuron signs including 14/17–82%-with lower limbs spasticity), or peripheral origin (10/14; 71%had a peripheral neuropathy). Ataxia was less frequent (7/20; 35%). Cognitive decline was also frequently found (17/23; 74%). Four patients had psychotic symptoms (4/24; 17%). Figure 3 shows temporal aspects of onset of different neurological and thrombotic symptoms. Twenty-four percent of patients (4/17) initially had at least two symptoms, whereas 41% (7/17) only suffered from one symptom for at least 3 years. Most patients had periventricular white matter abnormalities (12/17; 71%). Six patients had a spinal cord MRI, one showed bilateral posterior-lateral hypersignal, and two evidenced spinal cord atrophy. Homocysteinemia was strongly increased in all patients (mean value = 177.3 μM +/− 49.5; range: 115–320), whereas methioninemiawas low in 77% of patients (13/17). Among18 metabolically treated patients (no data for the 6 remaining patients), 83% (15/18) improved at least partially while 17% (3/18) remained stable. No patient presented clinical worsening after metabolic treatment was introduced. Mean length of follow up after initiation of metabolic treatment (always at diagnosis) was 3.7 years +/− 4.5 (0–16). Metabolic treatment allowed to halve homocysteinemia (mean homocysteinemia under treatment was 76.1 μM +/− 22.2, 50–118). Patients received B9 vitamins (18/18; 100%), B12 vitamins (16/18; 89%), betaine (15/18; 83%), B6 vitamins (8/18; 44%), methionine (3/18; 17%), riboflavin (2/18; 11%), and thiamine (1/18; 5%), sometimes in a complex temporal sequence. Two patients improved upon B9 supplementation, with or without B12, whereas four patients needed adjunction of betaine to B9/B12 vitamins to further decrease homocysteine levels. Genotype/phenotype correlation was hard to predict, as four adolescent/adult onset patients [see in Additional file 1] had a sibling with a more severe disease beginning in childhood, whereas one patient with neurological onset at 26 years old had a sibling asymptomatic at 37 years old with the same mutations. Initial clinical presentation and evolution of symptoms in adolescence/adult onset MTHFR deficiency (N = 24 patients). The initial clinical symptom(s) is/are indicated on the left. The delay for onset of other symptoms is represented by the box length, and within the box (in years), followed by the nature of the symptoms. Patients were classified from the shortest to the longest delays of onset of other symptoms We report the cases of two young adult siblings who experienced epilepsy as the only symptom of MTHFR deficiency during 14 years (including 8 under metabolic treatment) for one and 9 years for the other one. They harbored the stop-loss c.1970G > C mutation that replaces the stop codon by a serine, extending the MTHFR protein by 50 additional amino acids at its C-terminal segment. This stop-loss mutation was previously reported as homozygous in 2 severely affected French patients with early onset disease (< 1 year old) [9]. In our patients the allele with this stop-loss mutation also carried the c.665C > T, p.(Ala222Val) polymorphism in exon 5 (corresponding to the c.677C > T nucleotide change according to [8]), that was previously suggested to worsen MTHFR deficit for patients carrying other MTHFR variants [9]. The other mutation we identified (c.1162C > T) has never been associated with MTHR deficiency. Its mutation frequency in control databases

Jonah Goldberg (and also some conservative non-luminaries) have been claiming that liberals and everyone else to the left of them are "fascists." This tactic usually relies on taking the straw man broadsides heaved at liberalism by wingnuts and finding commonalities between them and some fascist program; for example, noting that Nazi Germany had large public works projects, and since liberals also favor public works projects while conservatives do not, liberals must also be fascists.[Note 4] The Political Compass generally rates fascists as in the economic center, well to the left of today's right-wing politicians but well to the right of socialist figures. Generally economics is considered of secondary importance to fascists anyways except as an extension of their nationalistic and reactionary cultural views, hence the populist economics. Left-wing fascism[edit] The term left-wing fascism (also known as left fascism) denotes real or perceived tendencies in extreme left-wing politics that are otherwise commonly attributed to the supposed polar-opposite ideology of fascism.[101] Conceiving of the extreme left as somehow being completely different to the far right signals that one has not fully grasped the implications of horseshoe theory. In fact, fascism has always been wrapped up in leftist-sounding language — it's "a workers movement", "a populist struggle for justice", et cetera — while much of radical leftism has always endorsed the methods of authoritarian regimes, especially by excepting acts of terror from condemnation as long as they're done in the name of radical leftism. That being said, however — the term has gained popularity among cranks, who will gleefully settle for complete non-sequiturs while bashing progressivism and feminism.[102] Anything to generate those echo chamber clicks! Left-wing fascism could be considered a sort of "inverse third positionism". Common qualities taken on by these extreme leftists that could be viewed as having what is essentially "fascist" traits include: Vehemently supporting nationalism (e.g. Socialism in One Country , Third World Socialism ) Hijacking progressive anti-colonial efforts to push for ethnocentric dictatorships taking the place of the former colonial masters A reliance on ethnic scapegoating (sometimes delving into pure racialism) and at the most extreme not-so-subtle support for race war Celebrating a brutal "will to power" wherein violence is considered an expression of 'just protest' and is seen especially as a tool with which to "rejuvenate" a certain people/culture Drawing its inspiration from the same philosophical traditions as fascists — notably Rousseau, Hegel, Nietzsche, Heidegger and Romanticism generally — in clear opposition to the anti-authoritarian, rationalist, democratic ideals espoused by Enlightenment philosophy Rallying a popular movement via "channeling" a specific people/culture, often with pseudohistorical undertones and a focus on the "redemption/rebirth" of said people/culture, all done in direct opposition to more universalist liberal humanist values The cultivation of frustration and outright aggression as the prime creative force for constructive change Rampant paranoia, whereby the far right's perceived threat of "cultural marxism" is given a different coat of paint and experienced on the far left as an equivalent threat from "scheming by imperialist financiers" Wide overlap with numerous far-right conspiracy theories[103] One clear divergence between "traditional" fascism and modern left-wing fascism is that the authoritarian arm of the New Left draws powerfully from postmodernist thought, which even contemporary fascists do not. The resulting blend thus ultimately motivates goals and methods that rhyme perfectly with those of fascism, but applies and rationalizes them with a social deconstructivist approach to historically dominated cultures/identities — as opposed to "traditional" fascism, which instead argues from a romantic mythologizing of historically dominant cultures/identities.[104] For this reason (and for reasons of horseshoe theory), proponents of left-wing fascism actually end up cheering on the successes of far-right movements within their preferred cultures — one example being narrating the establishment of Iran's theocracy as a true expression of these "purer" cultures against the decadent open societies of the west.[105] Historical examples[edit] Movements that have been accused of embodying some, or most, traits of left-wing fascism include: The Jacobins Lyndon LaRouche's movement The Italian Red Brigades The Red Army Faction Leninism, Stalinism, Juche and Maoism[106][107][Note 5] Third International Theory Peronism and other South American regimes National communism George Galloway and much of what he touches[108] Yuri Kochiyama ended up around here Countless third-world dictatorships (often drawing on irredentism, tribalism, and millennialist theocracy) have also come to embody this ultimately null difference between the authoritarians on both the far right and far left, including those of: The Ba'ath Party in Iraq and Syria. Muammar al-Gaddafi Jean-Bédel Bokassa Francisco Macías Nguema The Kim family in North Korea Ecofascism[edit] See the main article on this topic: Hard green Ecofascism is essentially the mixture of the authoritarian/totalitarian aspects of fascism mixed in with standard green politics wrapped in hard-right politics. The progenitor of ecofascism is Nazi Germany which passed laws protecting animals and promoted Blood and Soil as part of their ideology. This seems to be more prevalent in Europe, where several political parties exist such as the Nouvelle Droite (or European New Right) of Alain de Benoist, "Third Way" in the United Kingdom (a "green" splinter from the neo-fascist National Front), the Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei (Ecological Democratic Party, a right-wing splinter from the German Green Party), and groups espousing third positionism. Another was Savitri Devi, an avowed Neo-Nazi who espoused animal rights, and who thought that animal slaughterhouses were worse than Nazi war crimes. The closest example of this from the U.S. is probably Virginia Abernethy, a Vanderbilt University professor who is both a widely cited expert on population and ecology and a self-avowed white separatist.[109] Another American example would be the Wolves of Vinland, a group of Norse neopagans who have been described both as "eco-punks" and as white nationalist. One now notorious example of an avowed ecofascist was the Australia-born shooter behind the Christchurch terrorist attacks in New Zealand that killed 51 people and injured 50 more. In his manifesto The Great Replacement (named after the French far-right theory of the same name by writer Renaud Camus) he declared that he was "an Ethno-nationalist, Eco-fascist". Third Position List of forms of government Dictator, inevitably the one who runs the show in fascist states. "The Strange, Strange Story of the Gay Fascists" -- a 2008 Huffington Post essay on rampant homophobes with fascist beliefs who turn out to be in the closet (at least to outsiders) "Ur-Fascism" by Umberto Eco: the first and last word on the qualities of fascism. "Against the Fascist Creep (PDF)" by Alexander Reid Ross: A summary of fascist creep in left-wing and right-wing circles during the last century ↑ In the 20th century. Today, well... ↑ Karl Marx is the wisest man of all and is never wrong, the Communist Manifesto is the best book ever written and you may not make any criticisms of it, the economics of communism have never been found to be flawed, the global revolution will occur and we will have an eternal worker's paradise, and those who don't advocate for Communism are living in a False consciousness. ↑ Be they Freemen or lifestyle Anarchists. ↑ Take WWII, where all the Allies were doing it. (We await the first conservative to call Churchill the spawn of Mussolini.) ↑ "Tankieism" may be the most common gateway drug to full-blown left-fascism, and vice-versa. In practice the only real difference is that authoritarian commies put more emphasis on class along materialist lines, whereas modern left-fascists drop class almost entirely in favor of revolution along racial/cultural lines via its unhinged postmodernist influences, but transitioning between the two is surprisingly easy. ↑ Paxton, Robert O. The Anatomy of Fascism. New York: Vintage Books, 2005. ↑ The surprising reason Mussolini's home town wants to build a fascism museum by Michael Birnbaum & Stefano Pitrelli (January 31 at 6:39 PM) The Washington Post. ↑ Fascism Merriam-Webster ↑ Mussolini, Doctrine of Fascism ↑ Modern History Sourcebook: Benito Mussolini: What is Fascism, 1932 ↑ See the Wikipedia article on Silver Legion of America. ↑ See the Wikipedia article on British Union of Fascists. ↑ Is This Fascism? Passmore, Kevin. Slate. 01.20.17 ↑ What Is Fascism? Szalay,

100 percent import tariffs on goods from Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina as of midnight, the Beta news agency reported. The taxes were introduced in November 2018. The move put the Belgrade - Pristina dialogue on the normalisation of relations on hold since Serbi's authorities said would not talk as long as the taxes were in place. Pristina has been refusing to revoke the decision on tariffs despite demands and even threats of stopping the aid from the US. Washington welcomed the no-confidence vote in Kurti's government earlier this month. Kurti said on Tuesday that taxes on Serbia's goods would be lifted based on reciprocity, while that would not be implemented on products from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The decision will last until June 15, when the results will be assessed. The head of Serbia's Government Office for Kosovo Marko Djuric said Kurti did not abolish taxes, but only suspended them and that under conditions. "That the things are not back where they have been before the introduction of tariffs," he said in a written statement. Earlier, Kurti abolished taxes on raw material from Serbia and BH. On Tuesday, he said that the decision meant that all phytosanitary and veterinary documents had to be controlled at Kosovo's border. All Kosovo's relevant institutions have to start with the implementation of the decision as soon as it's being signed. "The reciprocity measures, i.e., mutual relations as the institute of the relationship between the sovereign states which is in line with international law," Kurti said. He accused Serbia of implementing a series of trade non-tariff barriers since the CEFTA agreement, hugely damaging Kosovo's importers and exporters and causing significant trade deficit between the two countries. Source: http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a584174/Pristina-lifts-import-tariffs-on-goods-from-Serbia-and-BH-at-midnight.html Kosovo's Court says movement ban unconstitutional, Govt. to revoke decision The Constitutional Court of Kosovo ruled on Tuesday that the Government decision to limit the freedom of movement and private cars from 10 am to 4 pm and from 8 pm to 6 am to prevent the spreading of coronavirus was unconstitutional, the KoSSev website reported. The Court's decision came upon President Hashim Thaci's request it to rule on the Government's step. "The Court ruled unanimously that the Government decision from March 23 is not in line with the Constitution," the ruling said. Besides, it said that the limits were not brought in line with the law. It said the Government could not curb any fundamental rights and freedoms by decisions unless the Parliament approved such moves. The Court ordered the Government to revoke the decision by April 13. It added that the Health Ministry and the acting Government could bring decisions to prevent the spreading of the coronavirus to the extent regulated by the Law on Preventing Infectious Diseases and the Law on Health. Source: http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a584150/Kosovo-Court-says-ban-on-movements-unconstitutional.html Serbia's Govt. to help employees in mid-May; € 100 to every citizen Serbia's Finance Minister Sinisa Mali said on Monday that the Government would pay the first aid to small and middle-size companies as of mid-May in the amount of an average wage, N1 reported. The aid would be paid only to those firms which did not fire more than ten employees and monthly to avoid abuse. "If someone gets that at once, they could fire people immediately after and go somewhere." The money will be paid into employees account. Besides, every citizen will get 100 Euro after the end of the state of emergency, he adds. Mali said that the Government's aid package would be 5.1 billion Euro and would include tax policy, direct aid to employees mostly in the private sector and support of the financial liquidity. He announced additional measures for the most affected in the pandemic if the crises continued. Mali said the money would be secured from the budget and in the capital markets at home and abroad and that the public debt would never be above 60 percent regardless of all measures. He promised the breakdown of the package – how much would be allocated from the budget and how much from other sources - "very soon." Source: http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a584120/Every-Serbia-citizen-will-get-100-after-state-of-emergency-is-lifted.html BCHR: Constitutional Court to assess legality of state of emergency measures Belgrade Center for Human Rights (BCHR) submitted an initiative to Serbia's Constitutional Court to access the legality of the two articles of the Decree on Measures during the state of emergency and the Order banning people's movements, the Beta news agency reported. The Center says in a statement that the Decree hasn't envisaged concrete measures for the protection of human and minority rights, but has authorised the Interior Ministry to, with approval from the Health Ministry, decides on its own. That, according to the Center, violates the Constitution."The Constitution says the Parliament by a majority vote prescribes measures which deviate from the human and minority rights during the state of emergency. In case the Parliament cannot convene, the Government, with the President's signature, can prescribe them," the Center said. It added that in such a case the Government should pass the Decree to the Parliament for ratification within 48 hours after it brought it, or when the Parliament could meet at the latest. Source: http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a584066/Demand-for-assess-legality-of-Serbia-state-emergency-measures.html Over 37,000 people sign petition to allow walking pets in evenings in Serbia In the first five days, 37,000 people signed a petition asking for the return of the decision allowing the walking of pets in the evenings during the curfew, due to call of nature, and sent to Prime Minister Ana Brnabic, N1 reported on Tuesday. The first 17,000 signatures were collected on the day the online petition was published and among the signatories were associations for animal protection and many veterinary ambulances. Some people who don't have pets joined the petition as well. The petition asks for the earlier decision which allowed the pets to walk between 8 and 9 pm for 20 minutes regardless of the curfew that started at 5m to be put in place again. The decision was revoked since some people abused that time either walking without pets or disobeying the 2-meters distance between them. The petition suggests that the time is limited to half an hour, from 8 to 8:30 pm. That, it says, will give the pets ten more minutes for their needs, and will prevent an eventual abuse since the walk time will be strictly limited. It also adds that the signatories are aware that the human lives are the most important at this moment, and accordingly ask the pets owners to stick with all the protective measures during the walk. The petition adds that there is no reason why the danger of the spreading of infection will be more severe than it is between 5 am and 5 pm when the curfew is not in place. The authors of the petition say that pets are in a way family members and that they are helping many people, especially those who live alone, to deal with this challenging time of isolation and overcome the situation in a more relaxed manner. "With sick pets, the owners will not feel good either," the petition said. Source: http://rs.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a584032/Pet-owners-in-Belgrade-sign-petition-allowing-evening-walk.html Government says only Crisis Staff can issue information about coronavirus The Serbian government warned that any information about the coronavirus pandemic not coming from its Crisis Staff should not be considered trusthworthy. The government decided on March 28 to forbid anyone not in its Crisis Staff from issuing any information about the coronavirus pandemic. "All information for the public will come from the Prime Minister or persons empowered by the Crisis Staff," the government said in its decision which was published in the Official Gazette on Tuesday. All government decisions take effect once published in the Gazette. The Crisis Staff is headed by Prime Minister Ana Brnabic. The government warned that any information about health care measures and any other information from "unauthorized persons" cannot be considered "correct and verified", adding that anyone passing along that information could be held accountable under "regulations covering accountability and legal consequences for spreading disinformation during the state of emergency". The government also

media-savvy, and she decides that her coupons will be more attractive if she issues them as cryptocoupons on a blockchain. Alice's cryptocoupons have three components: a private key, a public key, and a ledger entry (see sidebar). Knowledge of the private key confers ownership: anyone who knows that private key can transfer ownership of ("spend") the coupon. The public key enables proof of ownership: anyone can verify that a message encrypted with the private key came from the coupon's owner. The ledger conveys value: it establishes the link between the public key and the coupon with an entry saying: "Anyone who knows the secret key matching the following public key owns one cryptocoupon". Next, Alice must decide how to manage her blockchain. Alice does not want to do it herself, because she knows that potential customers might not trust her. She has a clever idea: she will crowdsource blockchain management by offering additional coupons as a fee to anyone who volunteers to be a miner, that is, to do the work of running a consensus protocol. She sets up a shared bulletin board (sometimes called a peer-to-peer network) to allow coupon aficionados to share data. Customers wishing to buy or sell coupons post their transactions to this bulletin board. A group of volunteer miners pick up these transactions, batch them into blocks for efficiency, and collectively execute repeated consensus protocols to append these blocks to the shared ledger, which is itself broadcast over the bulletin board. Every miner, and everyone else who cares, keeps a local copy of the ledger, kept more-or-less up-to-date over the peer-to-peer bulletin board. Alice is still worried that crooked miners could cheat her customers. Most miners are probably honest, content to collect their fees, but there is still a threat that even a small number of dishonest miners might collude with one another to cheat Alice's investors. Alice's first idea is have miners, identified by their IP addresses, vote via the Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm used in the frozen yogurt example. Alice quickly realizes this is a bad idea. Alice has a nemesis, Sybil, who is skilled in the art of manufacturing fake IP addresses. Sybil could easily overwhelm any voting scheme simply by flooding the protocol with "sock-puppet" miners who appear to be independent, but are actually under Sybil's control. We noted earlier that the frozen yogurt supply chain blockchain was not vulnerable to this kind of "Sybil attack" because parties had reliable identities: only Alice, Bob, and Carol were allowed to participate, and even though they did not trust one another, each one knew they would be held accountable if caught cheating. By contrast, Alice's Restaurant's cryptocoupon miners do not have reliable identities, since IP addresses are easily forged, and a victim would have no recourse if Sybil were to steal his coupons. Essentially the same problem arises when organizing a street gang: how to ensure that someone who wants to join the gang is not a plain-clothes police officer, newspaper reporter, or just a freeloader? One approach is what sociologists call costly signaling : the candidate is required to do something expensive and hard to fake, like robbing a store, or getting a gang symbol tattoo. In the public blockchain world, the most common form of costly signaling is called proof of work (PoW). In PoW, consensus is reached by holding a lottery to decide which transaction is appended next to the ledger. Here is the clever part: buying a lottery ticket is a form of costly signaling because, well, it is costly: expensive in terms of time wasted and electricity bills. Sybil's talent for impersonation is useless to her if each of her sock puppet miners must buy an expensive, long-shot lottery ticket. Specifically, in the PoW lottery, miners compete to solve a useless puzzle, where solving the puzzle is hard, but proving one has solved the puzzle is easy (see sidebar). Simplifying things for a moment, the first miner to solve the puzzle wins the consensus, and gets to choose the next block to append to the ledger. That miner also receives a fee (another coupon), but the other miners receive nothing, and must start over on a new puzzle. As hinted, the previous paragraph was an oversimplification. In fact, PoW consensus is not really consensus. If two miners both solve the puzzle at about the same time, they could append blocks to the blockchain in parallel, so that neither block precedes the other in the chain. When this happens, the blockchain is said to fork. Which block should subsequent miners build on? The usual answer is to build on the block whose chain is longest, although other approaches have been suggested . As a result, there is always some uncertainty whether a transaction on the blockchain is permanent, although the probability that a block, once on the blockchain, will be replaced decreases exponentially with the number of blocks that follow it . If Bob uses Alice's cryptocoupons to buy a car from Carol, Carol would be prudent to wait until Bob's transaction is fairly deep in the blockchain to minimize the chances that it will be displaced by a fork. Although PoW is currently the basis for the most popular cryptocurrencies, it is not the only game in town. There are multiple proposals where cryptocurrency ownership assumes the role of costly signaling, such as Ethereum's Casper or Algorand . Cachin and Vukolic give a comprehensive survey of blockchain consensus protocols. The distinction between private (or permissioned) blockchain systems, where parties have reliable identities, and only vetted parties can participate, and public (or permissionless) blockchain systems, where parties cannot be reliably identified, and anyone can participate, is critical for making sense of the blockchain landscape. Private blockchains are better suited for business applications, particularly in regulated industries, like finance, subject to know-your-customer and anti-money-laundering regulations. Private blockchains also tend to be better at governance, for example, by providing orderly procedures for updating the ledger protocol . Most prior work on distributed algorithms has focused on systems where participants have reliable identities. Public blockchains are appealing for applications such as Bitcoin, which seek to ensure that nobody can control who can participate, and participants may not be eager to have their identities known. Although PoW was invented by Dwork and Naor as a way to control spam, Nakamoto's application of PoW to large-scale consensus was a genuine innovation, one that launched the entire blockchain field. Most blockchain systems also provide some form of scripting language to make it easier to add functionality to ledgers. Bitcoin provides a rudimentary scripting language, while Ethereum provides a Turing-complete scripting language. Such programs are often called smart contracts (or contracts) (though they are arguably neither smart nor contracts). Here are some examples of simple contract functionality. A hashlock h prevents an asset from being transferred until the contract receives a matching secret s, where h = H(s), for H a cryptographic hash function (see sidebar). Similarly, a timelock t prevents an asset from being transferred until a specified future time t. Suppose Alice wants to trade some of her coupons to Bob in return for some bitcoins. Alice's coupons live on one blockchain, and Bob's Bitcoin live on another, so they need to devise an atomic cross-chain swap protocol to consummate their deal. Naturally, neither one trusts the other. Here is a simple protocol. Let us generously assume 24 hours is enough time for anyone to publish a smart contract on either blockchain, and for the other party to detect that that contract has been published. • Alice creates a secret s, h = H(s), and publishes a contract on the coupon blockchain with hashlock h and timelock 48 hours in the future, to transfer ownership of some coupons to Bob. • When Bob

their experiences and bringing to bear. I was fortunate to meet a number of them face to face, a lot of them, you know, I've had to deal with it just by email essentially back then. So it's fabulous to actually meet them as well. Of course, now because it was published in 2011, and regulations in the banking industry, hum, there's more and more of it, probably what needs to happen now is an update to it. But unfortunately, I don't think I'll be involved in the second edition of it because I am no longer in banking and I haven't been in it since 2010 when I left it. Based on your experience and studies, what would you say is the future role for information workers like archivists and formally established memory institutions in an online environment? I believe they will have an increasingly critical role. I can remember ages ago, because people were going to public libraries, I think there is s resurgence, and we can see from any news items that you look at today, you know, we're talking about fake news and all that sort of things, and the President features and tweets are full of errors, you need to have somebody there saying, "Hang on a sec, this is incorrect, and these are the facts. You know, this is the situation, not what you've been told". So I believe they will have an increasingly critical role as trusted sources of the information that's been created, collected and preserved, and to international standards that ensure that information has not been manipulated or corrupted in any way, and that could mean like digital corruption, if digital records, for example, aren't migrated correctly, and so on. Or, you know, you no longer have the hardware to read the records, like floppy disks of the past if you don't have the equipment to read them then the information on this is lost. So we need to have information workers in place to carry out those roles and to make sure that none of that will happen. And also, as I mentioned, to make sure that this information is accessible over time and space. Information workers, I think, also have a crucial role in teaching individuals information literacy. And I noticed that CILIP has a document that specifically defines information literacy that they put out in 2018. And to me, it's the ability to think critically, so individuals citizens need to be able to think critically and make balanced judgments about the information that they find in use, so that citizens, and individuals can discern for themselves, what is fake news and what is not without being interpreted and presented to them by a third party. So yes, you can have any information worker interpret and present the information and then say, I know for sure this, this is a trusted source these are facts, but it is better that each of us have the skills and the knowledge to do that. So we can do it for ourselves, we don't have a third party intervening for us to do it. That is to me is so important, we have to get back to where people can understand about information and how to find trusted sources, how to verify it, and know for sure what is purely false. Honestly, our future depends on it. You know, it can go one way or the other, people can believe what's fed to them, and then it's just going to be a total disaster. It is more important now than ever that people understand about information. And information workers have a crucial role in that, in our present and future for that. Well, that resonates very well with my course on Information Literacy last term. Oh, absolutely, and you see, that was never a subject you know, but I do remember when back in the early 1990s, I was a lecturer at Charles Sturt University in Australia and one of our lecturers who was actually, he dealt with arts, he just was awarded his PhD from the Royal College of Arts in London, and his thesis was about computer graphics, because he was involved with graphics, it was his first degree. And he was talking about computer graphics and this would have been like 1993, or something. And one of the slides that I remember, and these were slides that John was showing, it wasn't a PowerPoint presentation, these were slides, and one of them was, he could show how you could manipulate with a computer an image. And the image was a crowd and I think it was like, for example the Pope going through this crowd, and in the forefront of that slide, in that image was a person holding a bunch of flowers, you know, up in the air, like, you know, wanting to give them to the Pope or sort of toss them in the direction of the Pope. And the next image was that person with a gun in his hand. That was purely manipulated, what the actual photo, what the actual image was, was this person with flowers, and someone had gone in and manipulated that image and put a gun in their hand instead. And that's exactly what you see today. You know, for example, I think it was the Indy, it was the Indy race last month? And one of the President's staff had put out a video showing Air Force One landing and all these crowd, and saying, you know, great crowd today we know when the President is landing. And in fact, it was a video clip from George Bush's administration or something, which then people pointed out and said, "No, this is wrong, this is false, and this is when it happened". You know, so now we just have to be so careful about the information that we're receiving. Exactly. So we are gradually winding down to the end. I would just like to ask you, with your stellar career spanning over three decades plus, what would you say was the driving force, and what were the motivations behind your achievements? I think it's always been creating order out of chaos. There's always been a fascination of mine. Like, for example, when I was working as an elected officer for a Member of Parliament, and I needed to, or I inherited a filing system for hardcopy records. And it was just an alphabetical one, random subjects and I thought, firstly I've worked for him for a couple of months, now there's got to be a better way to do this, mess my other drive force, there's got to be a better way. So I went and talked to a couple of other elected officers and sort of said, "Well, how do you organize your records here?" and essentially, it was, "Oh well, you know, alphabetical, by subject, you know", and so I started to research it. And so I ended up coming across the guy who was an Australian records manager, his name is [inaudible], and he had developed what was called a key word records management system. And so I read that and I thought, yes, this makes more sense, this is more relevant to what we do, I can understand this better. So I implemented his keyword system, applied that to the records. And it was just so much easier. It had like an alphanumeric code, and that code related to a certain area, and it worked really, really well for those records. I wouldn't suggest that you used it for business records, like in banking, it certainly wouldn't work, you've got to follow the

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Commerzbank signed an agreement to pay $1.7 billion into the American budget, and so forth. We also see the development of the process to create non-transparent economic blocs, which is done following practically all the rules of conspiracy. The goal is obvious – to reformat the world economy in a way that would make it possible to extract a greater profit from domination and the spread of economic, trade and technological regulation standards. The creation of economic blocs by imposing their terms on the strongest players would clearly not make the world safer, but would only create time bombs, conditions for future conflicts. The World Trade Organisation was once set up. True, the discussion there is not proceeding smoothly, and the Doha round of talks ended in a deadlock, possibly, but we should continue looking for ways out and for compromise, because only compromise can lead to the creation of a long-term system of relations in any sphere, including the economy. Meanwhile, if we dismiss that the concerns of certain countries – participants in economic communication, if we pretend that they can be bypassed, the contradictions will not go away, they will not be resolved, they will remain, which means that one day they will make themselves known. As you know, our approach is different. While creating the Eurasian Economic Union we tried to develop relations with our partners, including relations within the Chinese Silk Road Economic Belt initiative. We are actively working on the basis of equality in BRICS, APEC and the G20. The global information space is also shaken by wars today, in a manner of speaking. The 'only correct' viewpoint and interpretation of events is aggressively imposed on people, certain facts are either concealed or manipulated. We are all used to labelling and the creation of an enemy image. The authorities in countries that seemed to have always appealed to such values as freedom of speech and the free dissemination of information – something we have heard about so often in the past – are now trying to prevent the spreading of objective information and any opinion that differs from their own; they declare it hostile propaganda that needs to be combatted, clearly using undemocratic means. Unfortunately, we hear the words war and conflict ever more frequently when talking about relations between people of different cultures, religions and ethnicity. Today hundreds of thousands of migrants are trying to integrate into a different society without a profession and without any knowledge of the language, traditions and culture of the countries they are moving to. Meanwhile, the residents of those countries – and we should openly speak about this, without trying to polish things up – the residents are irritated by the dominance of strangers, rising crime rate, money spent on refugees from the budgets of their countries. Many people sympathise with the refugees, of course, and would like to help them. The question is how to do it without infringing on the interests of the residents of the countries where the refugees are moving. Meanwhile, a massive uncontrolled shocking clash of different lifestyles can lead, and already is leading to growing nationalism and intolerance, to the emergence of a permanent conflict in society. Colleagues, we must be realistic: military power is, of course, and will remain for a long time still an instrument of international politics. Good or bad, this is a fact of life. The question is, will it be used only when all other means have been exhausted? When we have to resist common threats, like, for instance, terrorism, and will it be used in compliance with the known rules laid down in international law. Or will we use force on any pretext, even just to remind the world who is boss here, without giving a thought about the legitimacy of the use of force and its consequences, without solving problems, but only multiplying them. We see what is happening in the Middle East. For decades, maybe even centuries, inter-ethnic, religious and political conflicts and acute social issues have been accumulating here. In a word, a storm was brewing there, while attempts to forcefully rearrange the region became the match that lead to a real blast, to the destruction of statehood, an outbreak of terrorism and, finally, to growing global risks. A terrorist organisation, the so-called Islamic State, took huge territories under control. Just think about it: if they occupied Damascus or Baghdad, the terrorist gangs could achieve the status of a practically official power, they would create a stronghold for global expansion. Is anyone considering this? It is time the entire international community realised what we are dealing with – it is, in fact, an enemy of civilisation and world culture that is bringing with it an ideology of hatred and barbarity, trampling upon morals and world religious values, including those of Islam, thereby compromising it. We do not need wordplay here; we should not break down the terrorists into moderate and immoderate ones. It would be good to know the difference. Probably, in the opinion of certain experts, it is that the so-called moderate militants behead people in limited numbers or in some delicate fashion. In actual fact, we now see a real mix of terrorist groups. True, at times militants from the Islamic State, Jabhat al-Nusra and other Al-Qaeda heirs and splinters fight each other, but they fight for money, for feeding grounds, this is what they are fighting for. They are not fighting for ideological reasons, while their essence and methods remain the same: terror, murder, turning people into a timid, frightened, obedient mass. In the past years the situation has been deteriorating, the terrorists' infrastructure has been growing, along with their numbers, while the weapons provided to the so-called moderate opposition eventually ended up in the hands of terrorist organisations. Moreover, sometimes entire bands would go over to their side, marching in with flying colours, as they say. Why is it that the efforts of, say, our American partners and their allies in their struggle against the Islamic State has not produced any tangible results? Obviously, this is not about any lack of military equipment or potential. Clearly, the United States has a huge potential, the biggest military potential in the world, only double crossing is never easy. You declare war on terrorists and simultaneously try to use some of them to arrange the figures on the Middle East board in your own interests, as you may think. It is impossible to combat terrorism in general if some terrorists are used as a battering ram to overthrow the regimes that are not to one's liking. You cannot get rid of those terrorists, it is only an illusion to think you can get rid of them later, take power away from them or reach some agreement with them. The situation in Libya is the best example here. Let us hope that the new government will manage to stabilise the situation, though this is not a fact yet. However, we need to assist in this stabilisation. We understand quite well that the militants fighting in the Middle East represent a threat to everyone, including Russia. People in our nation know what terrorist aggression means and know what the bandits in the North Caucasus have done. We remember the bloody terrorist attacks in Budennovsk, Moscow, Beslan, Volgograd and other Russian cities. Russia has always fought terrorism in all its forms, consistently advocating for truly unifying the global community's efforts to fight this evil. That is why we made our suggestion to create a broad anti-terror coalition, which I recently voiced in my speech at the United Nations. After Syria's official authorities reached out to us for support, we made the decision to launch a Russian military operation in that nation. I will stress

added).[10] If attempting to create a 'nation' or sense of cohesion among an immigrant group, clearly these divisions carried over from rural Irish society are problematic whether real or imagined. To this he adds factors of 'apathy, indifference and the traditional Irish failure to agree on things'.[11] He argues that though social organizations existed and the Irish Post (the newspaper of the Irish in Britain) might cover the functions they organized, these were formal rather than 'free-and-easy' affairs. From his own experience he suggests that even people from the same locality in Ireland resist associating with one another outside a close group of relatives: 'without exception, these people will say of each other: A níl aon nádúr ionntab sín, tá siad coimhthioch – "There's no nature in them, they're standoffish."'[12] He feels no compunction in criticizing them for it, for their unwillingness 'to take the first step' or to break out of the 'world of taboos, of inhibitions,' of the 'smothering conformity which forbade them to think as individuals'.[13] Clearly he thought life in Britain offered an opportunity to develop new perspectives and lamented the failure of many to embrace that chance. However, despite these shortcomings in the final article in the series, 'Finding Our Feet', Mac Amhlaigh does offer hope of redemption. He believes that Irish immigrants have made progress and argues that they are (in 1970) more comfortable with their place in British society than even a decade previously: It is very evident that our exiles are fast shedding that extreme touchiness – well enough justified in the past, no doubt, but which sometimes bordered on paranoia – and are now able to make a more mature appraisal of themselves and of their position in what has come to be known as the host community (emphasis added).[14] He says he has witnessed changing attitudes both of the Irish towards the English and vice versa. This includes 'a change in our estimation of ourselves' from 'a sense of insecurity' to a feeling of more 'assurance'. However, the spectre of the Troubles and its potential impact lurked in his mind and he states that 'barring a worsening of the Northern situation we will become steadily more identifiable with our hosts'.[15] However, this does not imply forgetting their origins and the article concludes with the hope that 'emigration may continue to fall off and that once more we may be able to restock the great lonely spaces of Ireland,' evoking the image of emigrants since the famine as 'the vanishing Irish' and on the eve of a (brief) reversal of those trends.[16] Though he attempts to resolve the issue of being both Irish and living in Britain, arguing that dual identity or loyalty is indeed possible, there is still an ambivalence towards always remaining 'the middle nation'. In an interview in the 1980s he said that 'most of us, even though we've lived in Britain, and seen our children grow up here, could never give our hearts to this country in the same way we could to Australia or New Zealand or some place like that, because of the history'.[17] He says he has no anti-English feelings but, speaking for the Irish in Britain as a whole, there is a lingering sense of equivocation: 'We have that feeling, on the one hand, of a certain amount of gratitude, if gratitude isn't misplaced, that we got work here when we couldn't have got it at home, and on the whole we've lived reasonably well here… On the other hand there's the fact of finding ourselves in a country we might perhaps rather not be in.'[18] He certainly was not alone in expressing this sentiment and Liam Harte argues that 'the dialectical tension between adherence to a fixed originary identity and the evolution of a flexible, contingent migrant identity' is one of the 'central tropes' in the literature of the Irish in Britain, though each author gives it an individual colour.[19] Mac Amhlaigh's 'The Middle Nation' series is a perceptive example of how the personal reflections contained in his journalism can contribute to our understanding of the experiences of the post-war emigrant generation and its evolving sense of identity. In the now more widely recognized and growing body of writing by and on the Irish in Britain Dónall Mac Amhlaigh's voice remains unique and deserving of attention in its own right. [1] On Dialann Deoraí see: Bernard Canavan, 'Story-tellers and Writers: Irish Identity in Emigrant Labourers' Autobiographies, 1870-1970', in Patrick O'Sullivan (ed.), The Irish World Wide: History, Heritage, Identity. Vol. 3, The Creative Migrant (Leicester University Press, London, 1994), pp.162-5; Tony Murray, London Irish Fictions (Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, 2012), pp.79-85; Clair Wills, 'Realism and the Irish Immigrant: Documentary, Fiction, and Postwar Irish Labor', Modern Language Quarterly, vol.73, no.3 (Sept. 2012), pp.373-94. [2] Máirín Nic Eoin, 'An Scríobhneoir agus an Imirce Éigeantach: Scrúdú ar Shaothar Cruthaitheach Dhónaill Mhic Amhlaigh', Oghma 2 (1990), pp.92-104. [3] Though historians and literary scholars frequently quote and cite An Irish Navvy, it is almost always the English translation rather than the original (as is the case in the works listed in footnote 1). [4] Dónall Mac Amhlaigh, 'Documenting the Fifties', Irish Studies in Britain, no.14 (Spring/Summer 1989), p.9. [5] Dónall Mac Amhlaigh, in Nigel Gray (ed.), Writers Talking (London: Caliban Books, 1989), p.181. [6] The drawings that accompany these articles are also very interesting, but unfortunately copyright prevents me from reproducing them here. They are worth looking up if you have access to the Irish Times via the ProQuest Historical Newspapers archive. [7] Dónall Mac Amhlaigh, 'The Middle Nation', Irish Times, 14 Oct. 1970. [10] Dónall Mac Amhlaigh, 'Social Life and the Emigrant', Irish Times, 15 Oct. 1970. [14] Dónall Mac Amhlaigh, 'Finding Our Feet', Irish Times, 16 Oct. 1970. [17] Dónall Mac Amhlaigh, in Gray (ed.), Writers Talking, p.181. [19] Liam Harte, '"You want to be a British Paddy?": The Anxiety of Identity in Post-war Irish Migrant Writing', in Dermot Keogh, Finbarr O'Shea & Carmel Quinlan (eds.), The Lost Decade: Ireland in the 1950s (Mercier, Douglas Village, Cork, 2004), p.234, p.236. He also makes the problematic assertion that 'while migrant writers of the 1950s such as Dónall Mac Amhlaigh and John B. Keane are primarily concerned with chronicling the loneliness and alienation of the Irish in post-war England, Walter Macken and Tom Murphy focus on the dilemmas faced by migrant protagonists who wish to evolve new narratives of belonging' (p.238). While that may be true of Dialann Deoraí (the only work of Mac Amhlaigh's that Harte cites in relation to that statement), it does not hold true for all of Mac Amhlaigh's later work. Transnational Ireland? May 2, 2013 Sara Goek Comments 0 Comment A post from The Dustbin of History, 2 May 2013 Last Friday (26 April) I attended a workshop at Trinity College Dublin organised by the Transnational Ireland Network. It brought together members of the network, founded about a year ago, and postgraduate students to discuss definitions of and approaches to transnational history, particularly in an Irish context. The four discussion sessions took as their starting point the following topics: transnational history so far, the futures of transnational history, doing transnational history, and transnational history in the Irish context. (As a side note, it's going to be impossible for me to write this blog post without being incredibly repetitive and saying 'transnational history' far too many times, so apologies in advance.) Some of the central questions raised in the course of discussions were: How do we differentiate transnational history from global, international, or comparative histories? (And related to this, a question that wasn't discussed – what is the difference between transnational and diasporic approaches?) Can you employ transnationalism in the pre-national era? If part of the goal is to move beyond grand narratives of the nation state, to

It's the time of year when all of us are thinking...what can I make for my students? My mom gave me a jar full of positive quotes and funny sayings a long time ago, and I loved it so much! It had enough little slips of paper in it to last the whole year! You pull out one per day and read it...making you feel like your mom is close to you even if you are far away! I decided that I would give the students little jars of our funny things we say in class, or positive quotes/sayings I want them to read so that they continue to feel great about themselves. Buying 22 of these already created would be so expensive...so why not just make it myself!? I created a sheet of 26 different sayings/quotes for the students. I created different pages for girls and boys. I printed them on colored sheets of cardstock, cut them up into little slips, folded them, and placed them in the jars! Haha...got my toes in the picture! Oops! I cut the little chalkboard stickers (also purchased at Hobby Lobby...right by the jars!) to fit the jar and wrote each of their names on the jar with chalk. The kids were actually WAY more interested in it than I even hoped! This gift was turned out super cute (I think!) and what was great was how the fifth graders really understood the meaning and love that was behind it! I am so glad I made these for them! Something else great that came out of it...one of my students said that they are going to go home and make something like it to tell his mom all of the reasons why he loves her for Christmas! SO PRECIOUS! Heart melting. Happy Holidays everyone! Wow...almost 2014 !!! What?!!? First of all...I SOO greatly apologize for being M I A for over a month! Wow! I guess that just explains how crazy this beginning of the school year has been for me! My class is AMAZING...it is my traveling that is taking over my life! Even though it is exhausting, I LOVE every minute it! Anyway, travels aside, we have been working reaaaallyyy hard in school! Ecosystems has been our Science unit this quarter, and we are about to rap it up this week! We just completed our brochure projects. I have done this project for a few years now, and I love it more each year! The kids get soooo involved with their ecosystem, and they do such a great job! Students get to choose their own ecosystem to research! Deep Ocean was the popular one this year! I try not to let too many in each class choose the same ecosystem. I booked the computer lab for the first 2 days of our research. During these two days, I was able to ask our amazinggg librarian to gather ecosystem-related books for our class to use once we are done researching on the computer. She had a cart ready for us to keep in our classroom! Wow! I need to thank her again! When the students have completed their research (about 4 or 5 class times), they will then move on to a rough draft copy of their project. This is what we like to call our "pretend brochure". The students organize their information into paragraphs or bullets, their choice, and put it into the graphic organizer. They will even sketch a rough draft illustration on each flap of the brochure. They do not have to color it, but they need to have their idea on the page. I conference with each students. Checking spelling and sentence formation. We also talk about our information so that I can make sure they are understanding what they are writing, and not just copying from their sources. You would be surprised at the college-level research they can find when researching ecosystems! As their Science and Math teacher, this is a great time for me to be able to monitor their writing skills, as well. I love the captions on the covers! It grabs my attention and makes me want to read their brochure! This student drew her pictures in lightly, behind her writing! She was a very verbose writer and couldn't help including all of her favorite information and research! I think she came up with a really cool way to write more and still have a drawing! I will be uploading this project very soon! Keep checking Facebook for updates! I want to get some photos of my final bulletin display of the brochures before I finalize the pack! Off to an Awesome Start! This year has started with reviewing multiplication and place value! We started reviewing place value this week and it has been so much fun so far! I hid all of these little guys around my classroom yesterday! They give the students their clues so that they can 'build a number' on their record sheet. The students had a lot of fun walking around to find the clues! They did a great job with their work! I was super impressed at how quiet they stayed while they walked around, so I promised them many more activities like this! I will share them as I create them, for sure! We started the week off by reviewing word form, standard form, and expanded form. The kids were already pretty great at these! Here is one center we completed in class! The students cut out various rectangles that had the numbers written in one of the three forms. They glued it in the correct column, and then wrote the number in the two other forms. This student did a great job! Before posting this picture, I realized the word "thousand" was not written on the last one, so I went ahead and pointed it out before y'all noticed!! ;) haha! Today, we talked about comparing decimal numbers. We then ordered them from least to greatest, and greatest to least! This was really fun! I did this activity last year, and some of you may remember my post about it! I loved it so much then, so I did it again today! A pair of students starts off with one sheet of decimals. They cut them up and organize them in order from least to greatest. Every 6 students (3 pairs) has a different color paper, with different decimal numbers. Today, the colors were yellow, orange, and pink! Once the pairs of students had their numbers in order, they got with their group of 6 to organize ALL of their numbers into one, large sequence (from least to greatest still). We glued them all together when we were finished! They had a lot of fun working together, and I was able to find those kids that are great team leaders! We talked a lot about Habit 6: Synergize! On the Science side of things...our Ecosystems are growing!! Yay plants! Whatever it is called when you don't have a "green thumb"...maybe a "black thumb"....I have that! So, you probably know that I am super relieved to see greenery in these ecosystems! Good job, kids! I give them all of the credit! Oh, WOW! I have two CRAZY FUN things to tell you all! Some of you may already know that I am teaching science, in addition to math, again this year! (I was only math last year due to the amount of teachers in our grade level, and now I am back to BOTH math and science!) I am SOOO excited to have science again! I am such a science freak! So... you know what this means? I will be making more science activities and packs! I am jumping out of my seat just thinking about it! To start off the year, and the addition of this new

import netaddr from oslo_config import cfg from oslo_db import exception as db_exc from oslo_utils import excutils from sqlalchemy import and_ from sqlalchemy import event from sqlalchemy import orm from sqlalchemy.orm import exc from neutron.api.v2 import attributes from neutron.common import constants from neutron.common import exceptions as n_exc from neutron.common import ipv6_utils from neutron.common import utils from neutron import context as ctx from neutron.db import common_db_mixin from neutron.db import models_v2 from neutron.db import sqlalchemyutils from neutron.extensions import l3 from neutron.i18n import _LE, _LI from neutron import manager from neutron import neutron_plugin_base_v2 from neutron.openstack.common import log as logging from neutron.openstack.common import uuidutils from neutron.plugins.common import constants as service_constants LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__) # Ports with the following 'device_owner' values will not prevent # network deletion. If delete_network() finds that all ports on a # network have these owners, it will explicitly delete each port # and allow network deletion to continue. Similarly, if delete_subnet() # finds out that all existing IP Allocations are associated with ports # with these owners, it will allow subnet deletion to proceed with the # IP allocations being cleaned up by cascade. AUTO_DELETE_PORT_OWNERS = [constants.DEVICE_OWNER_DHCP] class NeutronDbPluginV2(neutron_plugin_base_v2.NeutronPluginBaseV2, common_db_mixin.CommonDbMixin): """V2 Neutron plugin interface implementation using SQLAlchemy models. Whenever a non-read call happens the plugin will call an event handler class method (e.g., network_created()). The result is that this class can be sub-classed by other classes that add custom behaviors on certain events. """ # This attribute specifies whether the plugin supports or not # bulk/pagination/sorting operations. Name mangling is used in # order to ensure it is qualified by class __native_bulk_support = True __native_pagination_support = True __native_sorting_support = True def __init__(self): if cfg.CONF.notify_nova_on_port_status_changes: from neutron.notifiers import nova # NOTE(arosen) These event listeners are here to hook into when # port status changes and notify nova about their change. self.nova_notifier = nova.Notifier() event.listen(models_v2.Port, 'after_insert', self.nova_notifier.send_port_status) event.listen(models_v2.Port, 'after_update', self.nova_notifier.send_port_status) event.listen(models_v2.Port.status, 'set', self.nova_notifier.record_port_status_changed) def _get_network(self, context, id): try: network = self._get_by_id(context, models_v2.Network, id) except exc.NoResultFound: raise n_exc.NetworkNotFound(net_id=id) return network def _get_subnet(self, context, id): try: subnet = self._get_by_id(context, models_v2.Subnet, id) except exc.NoResultFound: raise n_exc.SubnetNotFound(subnet_id=id) return subnet def _get_port(self, context, id): try: port = self._get_by_id(context, models_v2.Port, id) except exc.NoResultFound: raise n_exc.PortNotFound(port_id=id) return port def _get_dns_by_subnet(self, context, subnet_id): dns_qry = context.session.query(models_v2.DNSNameServer) return dns_qry.filter_by(subnet_id=subnet_id).all() def _get_route_by_subnet(self, context, subnet_id): route_qry = context.session.query(models_v2.SubnetRoute) return route_qry.filter_by(subnet_id=subnet_id).all() def _get_subnets_by_network(self, context, network_id): subnet_qry = context.session.query(models_v2.Subnet) return subnet_qry.filter_by(network_id=network_id).all() def _get_all_subnets(self, context): # NOTE(salvatore-orlando): This query might end up putting # a lot of stress on the db. Consider adding a cache layer return context.session.query(models_v2.Subnet).all() @staticmethod def _generate_mac(): return utils.get_random_mac(cfg.CONF.base_mac.split(':')) @staticmethod def _delete_ip_allocation(context, network_id, subnet_id, ip_address): # Delete the IP address from the IPAllocate table LOG.debug("Delete allocated IP %(ip_address)s " "(%(network_id)s/%(subnet_id)s)", {'ip_address': ip_address, 'network_id': network_id, 'subnet_id': subnet_id}) context.session.query(models_v2.IPAllocation).filter_by( network_id=network_id, ip_address=ip_address, subnet_id=subnet_id).delete() @staticmethod def _store_ip_allocation(context, ip_address, network_id, subnet_id, port_id): LOG.debug("Allocated IP %(ip_address)s " "(%(network_id)s/%(subnet_id)s/%(port_id)s)", {'ip_address': ip_address, 'network_id': network_id, 'subnet_id': subnet_id, 'port_id': port_id}) allocated = models_v2.IPAllocation( network_id=network_id, port_id=port_id, ip_address=ip_address, subnet_id=subnet_id ) context.session.add(allocated) @staticmethod def _generate_ip(context, subnets): try: return NeutronDbPluginV2._try_generate_ip(context, subnets) except n_exc.IpAddressGenerationFailure: NeutronDbPluginV2._rebuild_availability_ranges(context, subnets) return NeutronDbPluginV2._try_generate_ip(context, subnets) @staticmethod def _try_generate_ip(context, subnets): """Generate an IP address. The IP address will be generated from one of the subnets defined on the network. """ range_qry = context.session.query( models_v2.IPAvailabilityRange).join( models_v2.IPAllocationPool).with_lockmode('update') for subnet in subnets: ip_range = range_qry.filter_by(subnet_id=subnet['id']).first() if not ip_range: LOG.debug("All IPs from subnet %(subnet_id)s (%(cidr)s) " "allocated", {'subnet_id': subnet['id'], 'cidr': subnet['cidr']}) continue ip_address = ip_range['first_ip'] if ip_range['first_ip'] == ip_range['last_ip']: # No more free indices on subnet => delete LOG.debug("No more free IP's in slice. Deleting " "allocation pool.") context.session.delete(ip_range) else: # increment the first free new_first_ip = str(netaddr.IPAddress(ip_address) + 1) ip_range['first_ip'] = new_first_ip LOG.debug("Allocated IP - %(ip_address)s from %(first_ip)s " "to %(last_ip)s", {'ip_address': ip_address, 'first_ip': ip_address, 'last_ip': ip_range['last_ip']}) return {'ip_address': ip_address, 'subnet_id': subnet['id']} raise n_exc.IpAddressGenerationFailure(net_id=subnets[0]['network_id']) @staticmethod def _rebuild_availability_ranges(context, subnets): """Rebuild availability ranges. This method is called only when there's no more IP available or by _update_subnet_allocation_pools. Calling _update_subnet_allocation_pools before calling this function deletes the IPAllocationPools associated with the subnet that is updating, which will result in deleting the IPAvailabilityRange too. """ ip_qry = context.session.query( models_v2.IPAllocation).with_lockmode('update') # PostgreSQL does not support select...for update with an outer join. # No join is needed here. pool_qry = context.session.query( models_v2.IPAllocationPool).options( orm.noload('available_ranges')).with_lockmode('update') for subnet in sorted(subnets): LOG.debug("Rebuilding availability ranges for subnet %s", subnet) # Create a set of all currently allocated addresses ip_qry_results = ip_qry.filter_by(subnet_id=subnet['id']) allocations = netaddr.IPSet([netaddr.IPAddress(i['ip_address']) for i in ip_qry_results]) for pool in pool_qry.filter_by(subnet_id=subnet['id']): # Create a set of all addresses in the pool poolset = netaddr.IPSet(netaddr.IPRange(pool['first_ip'], pool['last_ip'])) # Use set difference to find free addresses in the pool available = poolset - allocations # Generator compacts an ip set into contiguous ranges def ipset_to_ranges(ipset): first, last = None, None for cidr in ipset.iter_cidrs(): if last and last + 1 != cidr.first: yield netaddr.IPRange(first, last) first = None first, last = first if first else cidr.first, cidr.last if first: yield netaddr.IPRange(first, last) # Write the ranges to the db for ip_range in ipset_to_ranges(available): available_range = models_v2.IPAvailabilityRange( allocation_pool_id=pool['id'], first_ip=str(netaddr.IPAddress(ip_range.first)), last_ip=str(netaddr.IPAddress(ip_range.last))) context.session.add(available_range) @staticmethod def _allocate_specific_ip(context, subnet_id, ip_address): """Allocate a specific IP address on the subnet.""" ip = int(netaddr.IPAddress(ip_address)) range_qry = context.session.query( models_v2.IPAvailabilityRange).join( models_v2.IPAllocationPool).with_lockmode('update') results = range_qry.filter_by(subnet_id=subnet_id) for ip_range in results: first = int(netaddr.IPAddress(ip_range['first_ip'])) last = int(netaddr.IPAddress(ip_range['last_ip'])) if first <= ip <= last: if first == last: context.session.delete(ip_range) return elif first == ip: new_first_ip = str(netaddr.IPAddress(ip_address) + 1) ip_range['first_ip'] = new_first_ip return elif last == ip: new_last_ip = str(netaddr.IPAddress(ip_address) - 1) ip_range['last_ip'] = new_last_ip return else: # Adjust the original range to end before ip_address old_last_ip = ip_range['last_ip'] new_last_ip = str(netaddr.IPAddress(ip_address) - 1) ip_range['last_ip'] = new_last_ip # Create a new second range for after ip_address new_first_ip = str(netaddr.IPAddress(ip_address) + 1) new_ip_range = models_v2.IPAvailabilityRange( allocation_pool_id=ip_range['allocation_pool_id'], first_ip=new_first_ip, last_ip=old_last_ip) context.session.add(new_ip_range) return @staticmethod def _check_unique_ip(context, network_id, subnet_id, ip_address): """Validate that the IP address on the subnet is not in use.""" ip_qry = context.session.query(models_v2.IPAllocation) try: ip_qry.filter_by(network_id=network_id, subnet_id=subnet_id, ip_address=ip_address).one() except exc.NoResultFound: return True return False @classmethod def _check_gateway_in_subnet(cls, cidr, gateway): """Validate that the gateway is on the subnet.""" ip = netaddr.IPAddress(gateway) if ip.version == 4 or (ip.version == 6 and not ip.is_link_local()): return cls._check_subnet_ip(cidr, gateway) return True @classmethod def _check_subnet_ip(cls, cidr, ip_address): """Validate that the IP address is on the subnet.""" ip = netaddr.IPAddress(ip_address) net = netaddr.IPNetwork(cidr) # Check that the IP is valid on subnet. This cannot be the # network or the broadcast address if (ip != net.network and ip != net.broadcast and net.netmask & ip == net.network): return True return False @staticmethod def _check_ip_in_allocation_pool(context, subnet_id, gateway_ip, ip_address): """Validate IP in allocation pool. Validates that the IP address is either the default gateway or in the allocation pools of the subnet. """ # Check if the IP is the gateway if ip_address == gateway_ip: # Gateway is not in allocation pool return False # Check if the requested IP is in a defined allocation pool pool_qry = context.session.query(models_v2.IPAllocationPool) allocation_pools = pool_qry.filter_by(subnet_id=subnet_id) ip = netaddr.IPAddress(ip_address) for allocation_pool in allocation_pools: allocation_pool_range = netaddr.IPRange( allocation_pool['first_ip'], allocation_pool['last_ip']) if ip in allocation_pool_range: return True return False def _test_fixed_ips_for_port(self, context, network_id, fixed_ips, device_owner): """Test fixed IPs for port. Check that configured subnets are valid prior to allocating any IPs. Include the subnet_id in the result if only an IP address is configured. :raises: InvalidInput, IpAddressInUse, InvalidIpForNetwork, InvalidIpForSubnet """ fixed_ip_set = [] for fixed in fixed_ips: found = False if 'subnet_id' not in fixed: if 'ip_address' not in fixed: msg = _('IP allocation requires subnet_id or ip_address') raise n_exc.InvalidInput(error_message=msg) filter = {'network_id': [network_id]} subnets = self.get_subnets(context, filters=filter) for subnet in subnets: if self._check_subnet_ip(subnet['cidr'], fixed['ip_address']): found = True subnet_id = subnet['id'] break if not found: raise n_exc.InvalidIpForNetwork( ip_address=fixed['ip_address']) else: subnet = self._get_subnet(context, fixed['subnet_id']) if subnet['network_id'] != network_id: msg = (_("Failed to create port on network %(network_id)s" ", because fixed_ips included invalid subnet " "%(subnet_id)s") % {'network_id': network_id, 'subnet_id': fixed['subnet_id']}) raise n_exc.InvalidInput(error_message=msg) subnet_id = subnet['id'] if 'ip_address' in fixed: # Ensure that the IP's are unique if not NeutronDbPluginV2._check_unique_ip(context, network_id, subnet_id, fixed['ip_address']): raise n_exc.IpAddressInUse(net_id=network_id, ip_address=fixed['ip_address']) # Ensure that the IP is valid on the subnet if (not found and not self._check_subnet_ip(subnet['cidr'], fixed['ip_address'])): raise n_exc.InvalidIpForSubnet( ip_address=fixed['ip_address']) if (ipv6_utils.is_auto_address_subnet(subnet) and device_owner not in

Recently I was contacted by Toptal to join their network as a developer. I heard some good stuff about them before so I decided to give it a go. Toptal is "a network comprised of the most thoroughly screened, talented freelance engineers in the world". To enter the network you have to pass 4 tests. The first one is an interview - a simple English test, the second one is Codility test. The third one is a one-to-one test with a senior developer from the network when you need to solve two problems at limited time. And the last one is to create a full application. Anyway, I am not going to talk about Toptal, rather than the project they gave me to do as the last part of the screening process. The full text of the project as well as the solution you can find on my GitHub. In this post I will only go through the main things and make some general remarks how development should be done and what you should pay attention, I won't cover every detail because there is too much code. For all the details you have code on GitHub. Token generation, encoding and decoding is very simple using existing ruby gem. Only thing you need to do is gather everything in a whole. The general idea when user needs to be authenticated is to generate an API call with the parameters of email and password. If it turns out that this is the valid user, the token is being generated and returned to the user as a JSON response. That response also contains a data what user it is (user_id). The whole token is saved in the browser's local storage. Instead, a token can be stored in a cookie (therefore cookie is used as a storage), more about that you can find on this link. Then, each time the client sends a request to the API, the token is being added to the header of that request. To do this, an interceptor is created on Angular side which intercepts each request and does this part of the job. And let's not forget about routes. This is how I defined routes. This is pretty straightforward but if you need some extra explanation about it you can find an excellent RailsCast episode about APIs. Authorization is certainly another important thing in every application but unfortunately it is something that is not paying too much attention. Of course, everyone has their own idea of how authorization should be implemented and I don't think there is any general best practice but I think that this approach, which I applied here, is more than good. It is necessary to do authorization on the API side and also in the web application. On API side because calls can be directed only to an API without any application involved and within application users without enough permissions should be forbidden access to the certain parts of the application as well as the forms for inserting new data. I defined three types of user in the application - regular user, admin and user manager. A regular user has permission to only list her expenses and to create them, user manager has the right to list all the users in the application, edit them and create a new one, admin has the right to create expenses for herself and to list and edit expenses of all users in the system as well as to create new and edit existing users. I didn't want to use Cancancan or Pundit or similar gems because I wanted to save myself some time and the authorization on the API is more than simple. All you have to do is to create a before_action filter and each controller then has to define who has the right to access the actions within it. If someone doesn't have permissions then you need to return http code :forbidden. This of course can't be tested in the application but there are tests you can write to check if everything is fine. I think this is more than elegant solution for authorization. The whole code you can find on GitHub as I mentioned before. When you set up the basics of the application with authentication and authorization then you must set up the API part of the Rails. There is an excellent RailsCast about it and many tutorials online so I won't go into details. Of course, you can use Grape instead of Rails but I decided to stick with Rails because I've never before worked with Grape and I wanted to save time on this part too. The thing you have to keep in mind are the routes and the fact that each API call must return JSON response. You can use active model serializer or Jbulder or you can even go without that of course. But I used Jbulder because you definitely need an easy way to properly create JSON you want to return to the user that made the request. Again I have to mention that you have a great RailsCast episode how to use Jbuilder so I won't write on this topic further. This was a new ground for me, I've never built a SPA before but for two weeks how long did this project last I am very satisfied with what I've achieved. There are several ways to integrate your Rails API with Angular application. Again I chose the simplest option, although probably not the best. I used Angular gem. I think that in a bigger project the best way is to completely separate API part of its SPA part and not use this gem but in this situation it served the purpose really well. The part of the project that I had the most headache is the part with printing data for expenses arranged by weeks. Why was this such a big problem? As I wrote in a previous blog post, it's very important how you work with time zones in your application. The best practice is to store everything in UTC time in the database. When a user enters a date and time in the form (her local time) you have to store that time in the UTC format in the database and then when you need to display that time to the user you have to convert it back into her local time. Pretty standard stuff... Except for one little thing - the requirement is to display expenses arranged by weeks and by weeks it's meant from the user's perspective. From user's perspective a week isn't the same as a week on the server which is in UTC time. So, you have to deal with UTC time because you have to prepare JSON response in your API but in the same time you have to deal with user's local time (starting and ending of the week) and arrange JSON response according to that. If a user is, for example, in Belgrade (CET) and if she inserts an expense for Monday, July 27th at 1 AM it would be 31st week of the year according to her. But by the server's time, it is Sunday July 26th at 11 PM, which means it is 30th week for the UTC time. I solved this problem by sending time zone offset as a parameter to the API and by adding it to a time I stored in the database. You must also pay attention to the edge cases when you calculate weeks when start of a week is in one year and its ending is in the next year. expect(parsed_response['errors']['email']).to eq "can't be blank" expect(parsed_response['errors']['password']).to eq "can't be blank" If you are a great developer and you want to try yourself to

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Turkish-US Relations in 2011 and Beyond: There May be Trouble Ahead The year 2011 saw a "regression toward the mean" in Turkey's relation with the United States. 2010 had the deadly Israeli flotilla raid, the misfired Iranian nuclear negotiations, and the WikiLeaks' revelations about the negative views held by some American diplomats regarding Turkey's leaders who were described as dangerous extremists, megalomaniacal, and corrupt. The Turkey-U.S relationship has rebounded nicely in 2011, with Ankara and Washington collaborating on a range of issues. But danger signs abound beneath the surface, suggesting that 2012 and beyond might not be as rosy. BACKGROUND: Since the Justice and Development Party (AKP) came to power in 2002, it has had a rocky relationship with Washington and its allies. The conflict over the Iraq War soured bilateral relations for much of the Bush administration, and popular hostility to the United States among Turks rose to record heights. But for the last few years, Turkey and the United States have cooperated effectively in Iraq. Washington did not object to this year's Turkish military incursion into northern Iraq to fight PKK guerrillas. U.S. diplomats apparently see Turkey as Washington's ally in the coming struggle for influence with Iran in post-U.S. occupied Iraq and other Middle Eastern countries. Turkey abandoned its high-profile efforts to mediate the Iranian nuclear dispute after its May 2010 enriched uranium swap deal was rejected by the U.S. administration, and it has decided to host a missile defense radar designed to protect Europe from Iranian missiles. Turkey continues to contribute about 2,000 troops as part of the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan; Ankara extended its leadership of the Kabul regional command for at least another year. Turkey's training of the Afghan army, along with its regional diplomatic initiatives aimed at reconciling Afghanistan and Pakistan as well as its economic reconstruction projects, are appreciated in Washington. The United States strongly backs the desire of the AKP government to enter the European Union. However, the latest EU reports on Turkey's progress in meeting its accession requirements describe Turkey as still needing to address several lagging areas, especially concerning media and other civil freedoms. Turkey remains a major European security player, but its strained ties with the EU, combined with the complex relationship between NATO and EU, presents alliance management problems for all concerned. The most immediate problem is the paralyzing effects of the Turkey-Cyprus dispute on institutional cooperation between NATO and the EU. Turkey is a member of NATO but not the EU, whereas Cyprus belongs to the EU but not NATO. The two countries have used the consensus rules of each organization to hobble one organization from cooperating with the other on important security issues. Turkish officials have waged a protracted battle to secure some influence on EU security decisions as well as to compel Greek Cypriots to reach a political settlement with the Turkish Cypriots. In pursuit of these ends, they have proved willing to block EU-NATO cooperation on important security issues. These mutual antagonisms have constrained NATO-EU cooperation in general, and disrupted the joint NATO-EU security missions in Afghanistan, Kosovo, and in the Gulf of Aden in particular. Prime Minister Tayyip Erdoğan has threatened to end all cooperation with the EU when Cyprus assumes its rotating presidency in July, creating new problems for the United States and its European allies. Meanwhile, Erdoğan has now ceased to assail Israel for its alleged nuclear weapons arsenal, which had been another sore point with the Obama White House eager to focus attention on Iran's nuclear program. Both administrations have skillfully managed to compartmentalize their differences over Israel, with Turkish officials even pretending that the early warning missile defense radar they are deploying cannot help defend Israel. But violent clashes between Israeli forces and the Palestinians could renew tensions. IMPLICATIONS: The United States and other pro-Western governments would welcome Turkey's keeping Iranian influence within limited bounds in Iraq, but Ankara will try to avoid being seen as a U.S. regional proxy seeking to marginalize Iraq's Shiite majority. Turkish officials have sought to cultivate ties with Iraq's Shiites and Kurds. They appreciate that an explicitly sectarian approach would be counterproductive because Iraqi Shiites are not automatic proxies of Tehran, although they might move in that direction if faced with another direct Sunni-Shiite clash between Iraqi factions and their foreign sponsors. The Turkish government has generally adhered to the mandatory sanctions adopted by the UN Security Council against Iran, but Turkish firms have pursued any economic opportunities not explicitly prohibited. Turkey, along with China, is now becoming one of the few leading trading partners of Iran whose economic ties with Tehran are increasing. This growth could lead to increased tensions with the United States, which has been seeking to isolate Iran economically. Several factors also constrain Turkey's engagement in Afghanistan. These include a concern about becoming bogged down in an unwinnable war, alienation for U.S. policies in Afghanistan and Iraq, and fears of antagonizing fellow Muslims by appearing to join a Western (Christian) crusade. These concerns, manifested in low popular support within Turkey for the country's limited involvement in the war, have made the Turkish government cautious about its level of involvement. Turkish officials argue that their country has distinct advantages in mediating between the Afghan government and its Pakistani-backed Taliban opposition. They cite their historically good relations with both countries, co-religiosity, and a lack of local proxies or other means and incentives to interfere in either country's internal affairs. But in its mediation efforts, Turkey has encountered many of the same challenges that have bedeviled similar U.S. and other third-party facilitators. These obstacles include the region's porous borders, which facilitates the flow of fighters and drugs, poor governance, regional rivalries, transnational organized criminal groups that have an interest in sustaining the conflict, and limited and declining commitments by external powers to support regionally driven peace programs. Washington could easily find Ankara standing aside on the event of renewed frictions between Russia and the United States. Recent agreements with Russia, especially those involving gas pipelines and nuclear power, could make Turkey rely even more on Moscow for its energy supplies, perhaps for decades to come. This enduring dependence will likely constrain Ankara's ability to challenge Russia in many ways, ranging from missile defense to regional security arrangements in the Black Sea, the Caucasus, and Central Asia Turkey might not even back the United States in a conflict with China. There was not another high-profile military exercise between China and Turkey in 2011 like the October 2010 drills, but ties between Beijing and Ankara continue to develop. Further Chinese exercises in Turkey could renew U.S. concerns about transferring further advanced military technology to Turkey, including the new F-35 joint strike fighter. Turkey's New Year resolution might be to deepen its affiliation with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which would allow Ankara another means to cultivate ties with China, Russia, and energy-rich Central Asia. Turkey needs Russian and Central Asian oil to transform itself into a diplomatic and energy bridge that connects Europe to the Middle East, Iran to the West, and the Black Sea to the Mediterranean in ways that enhance Ankara's leverage by making Turkey a key pivot state and an indispensable partner to its neighbors. U.S. officials support Turkey's assuming a greater role in Central Asia, especially as a means to balance Beijing and Moscow. But it is by no means certain the Ankara would join Washington in support of further colored revolutions there. CONCLUSIONS: Yet, perhaps the most serious threat to the Turkish-U.S. reset is the ruling AKP's internal authoritarian drift. Turkey's Internet law, for instance, not only limits freedom of expression, but severely restricts citizens' right to access information or connect to modern file-sharing or social networks. Despite foreign and domestic protests, the

countries and the poor bloody asylum seekers as snooker balls in the 'great game'. Posted by: Peter Kranz | 21 July 2013 at 07:35 PM Colin Huggins, I don't get you. Why would these people be an asset to PNG if they would be a liability for Australia. We are not your dumping ground thankyou. Posted by: David Kitchnoge | 21 July 2013 at 06:51 PM What a mess. Rudd and O'Neil - sneakers! Eh, graun blong yupla na yupla givim tok orait long ol narapela lain long kam sindaun, ah? Yeh, yutupela save olsem ol papa-mama-graun long PNG kisim hard laif stap na bai hamamas tasol long kaikai moni blong yupla, olsem na isi tru long mekim dispela kain stil toktok pasin. Blari useless. Moni, moni, moni, moni! Olgeta taim bai yumi toktok long kisim moa moni. Kaikai moni na indai isi isi stap. Oh Penge! Hamaspela billion kina lus pinis na laikim sampela moa moni yet? Posted by: Michael Dom | 21 July 2013 at 11:19 AM David, don't think for a second that Tony (The Mad Monk) will change this arrangement. He must be on his knees thanking Kevin for doing the job for him. This 'boat business' must be stopped, they are costing far too much and unlike the refugees after WW2 from war torn Europe who assimilated, these refugees who seem to have heaps of "loot" to take the leaky and unsafe boat trip, I believe have a strange agenda. The "refugees" after WW2 were prepared to locate to country areas to earn a living, the present boat people want city "Ghetto" life, all staying together As they are all Muslims from various countries in the Middle East and northern Africa, why don't they take refugee status in the oil rich Arabian countries? Maybe Saudi Arabia etc. have put up a very big "not welcome" sign? Why don't the Muslim countries on the route accept them as "genuine" refugees, namely Malaysia and Indonesia? Why doesn't the PRC welcome them? Thailand and the Philippines who have militant Muslim problems in the southern areas of their respective countries won't take them, Japan and South Korea have a "not welcome" sign up. It is a real problem, but I do wonder if the leafy suburbs of the Australian capital cities would welcome refugees centres set up in their areas. Maybe if they are good, genuine people (?) escaping persecution, but recent and maybe not so recent aspects suggest that they are economic "refugees", they may be an asset to PNG. Anyhow, they should if they really want Australian citizenship apply by the correct procedures. It is a dilemma of what to do with them, the European countries have the problem, as do Canada and the USA. Posted by: Colin Huggins | 21 July 2013 at 09:23 AM I agree with the sentiments here. This is a total shock to me and I am sure a lot of educated PNG people. Our local media have had nothing to report on this while its all over the news down under. Oneil and Rudd have betrayed the people of PNG doing cunning deals behind closed doors. No no no, resettling Islamic desperate people into PNG society will create more problems than answers. The locals wont allow it.... How can the PNG prime minister not discuss or debate this in parliament before putting pen to paper? Posted by: Frank K Daosak | 21 July 2013 at 12:22 AM This aint gonna work. This absurdity raises more questions than answers. I'm sorry Peter Oneill but you totally lost it on this one. Kevin Rudd gim gol lo yu pinis! But I'm sure Ozzies are not stupid and won't elect Rudd back on this gimmick. Sorry, Mr K. You claimed asylum in PNG but we are going to send you to Cabramatta instead." "Oh no! you can't torture me like that!" "It's either that or Bankstown." "My God - and you claim to be a civilised country? Send me back to Manus, please!" The signing of the agreement for Asylum seekers to be resettled in PNG between PNG and Australia Prime Ministers is flawed, criminal in nature and did not follow or honour the principles of mutually agreed cooperation between the two countries. I want all the Australian public and PNG to know that Australian officials smuggled an Australian crafted document which is now an agreement between the two countries in which our PM signed the documents in the absence of our top advisors behind closed doors. If it is in the best interest of Australia and PNG and a transparent deal benefitting both countries, then this document would have been signed during the meeting in Parliament in the presence of all PNG Government Ministers and Governors including our top bureaucrats present during the bilateral meeting which is normal practise in any bilateral meetings internationally between two states. To date no one knows what is in this document that was signed. The documents was smuggled in because PNG's top advisors refused to entertain Australia's proposal as the document itself was encroaching into sovereignty issues and has constitutional implications on it. The agreement has a lot of implications including social and financial costs that PNG will be prepared to bear. Australia spent $2.5 billion on asylum seekers in 2013 which is one quarter of PNGs annual national budget. Now PNG will spend that money, because Australia is cutting costs by sending refugees away. The video also containing the footage broadcast on Friday night was not taken by any of the media that covered the Rudds visit to PNG, but by those who were present in the closed door meeting which is by Australian officials which was not released after one week of the visit to PNG when Kevin Rudd returned to Australia for him to make this announcement. We should question why the chief of staff is in the thick of all these discussions and not the Department of Foreign Affairs and Immigration top officials who were locked out of the deal that chief of staff spearheaded which he sold the country to the Australians. In his statement in Parliament, Kevin Rudd mentioned that Labor Party will continue to change its policy on the handling of the asylum seekers, which reflected the closed door discussions that only both Prime Ministers were preview to. We must know that PNG has given its sovereignty away to Australia and we are being recolonised. Papua New Guinea has no contribution to this so called agreement which is portrayed as a joint agreement by PNG and Australia. Before any joint agreement is signed, both countries officials will jointly draft the document which is normal practise and must be agreed to before leaders signed, this did not happen in this case. Papua New Guinea must know that the agreement was pushed and shoved by Australian officials aided by our chief of staff for PNG PM to sign and agreed to. Papua New Guinean citizens must rise up against this act of bullying and greedy tact used by Australia to facilitate for Kevin Rudd and his Labour Party to remain in power. PNG's Opposition Government has every valid reason to challenge this case in court for the sake of all right thinking Papua New Guineans. The document that was signed also have a clause forcing PNG to withdraw our reservations to 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. Why is it that our media and newspapers did not have any news to tell the world about PNG side of the story, when it was breaking news all over Australia on Friday evening, there was simply no coverage to report on as the whole issue was covered by Australia government media in the closed door, tucked away and publicised widely in Australia making PNG look stunned, surprised, lost for words and stupid after all the commotion died down on Rudd's visit. Kevin Rudd made it look like a new and changing policy for Labor Party

\section{Introduction} Weak gravitational lensing (e.g. \citealp{schneider06}) is a powerful means by which to probe the distribution of matter in the Universe. As such, it has been identified as among the most promising methods by which to constrain the growth rate of matter structure in the Universe, and thereby to test models of evolving dark energy and modifications to general relativity (see, e.g., \citealp{albrechtetal06, albrechtetal09,peacocketal06}, and references therein). However, weak lensing is arguably the most technically challenging of the cosmological probes from an image analysis standpoint, due to its extreme sensitivity to any systematic errors made when recovering galaxy shape information. Much work has gone into understanding how to accurately recover tiny, coherent gravitational shear signals from large numbers of noisy galaxy images that have been convolved with the instrumental Point Spread Function (PSF) \citep{heymansetal06step,masseyetal07step,bridleetal10,kitchingetal10}. In the analysis of astronomical images, ensuring the adequate spatial sampling of data by pixels of finite size and spacing is a key concern. Ideally, images should be sampled at or above the Nyquist-Shannon sampling rate for the \emph{band limit} set by the optical response of the system (see e.g.\ \citealp{marks09}), so that the full continuous image can be determined from the discrete pixel samples. Throughout this Paper we will define a single plane wave to be $\propto { e}^{2\pi {\rm i}{\bf u}\cdot{\bf r}}$, so that ${\bf u}$ has units of cycles per arc second. In general, if an image contains only Fourier modes whose spatial frequency ${\bf u}$ is no larger in magnitude than $u_{\rm max}$ then the Nyquist criterion demands sample spacing $P$ satisfying $P<1/(2u_{\rm max})$. An image sampled more finely than the critical rate $1/(2u_{\rm max})$ is referred to as \emph{oversampled} (and one sampled at the critical rate is \emph{critically sampled}). Since it is possible to reconstruct the entire original image from oversampled data, operations such as interpolation/regridding, rotation, and translation can be carried out with no pixelization artifacts. This makes oversampled data the preferred input for most precision image analysis applications, including weak lensing. The ideal location for weak lensing observations is a space-based telescope, where one is free from the blurring effects of the Earth's atmosphere and can achieve a level of stability of the optics and hence the PSF that is impossible from the ground. Weak lensing is thus a key project for proposed space-based imaging missions such as the \emph{Wide Field InfraRed Survey Telescope} (\emph{WFIRST}: \citealp{blandfordetal10}; the reference design is based on the \emph{Joint Dark Energy Mission/JDEM-Omega} concept: \citealt{gehrels10}) and \emph{Euclid} \citep{refregieretal10}. However, in both cases, practical design considerations prohibit oversampling at the native pixel scale of the system. The optics of a space telescope deliver a PSF that preserves Fourier modes out to $u_{\rm max}=D/\lambda$ where $D$ is the outer diameter of the primary mirror and $\lambda$ is the wavelength of observation; the high spatial frequencies may be suppressed by e.g. charge diffusion, but in most cases $u_{\rm max}$ is still large. Indeed, preserving the high spatial frequency components of the image is a major reason to choose a space-based platform. If one is to oversample the image at the native pixel scale, then, one is forced to choose very small pixels. However, there are competing considerations that drive one to larger pixels, including (i) the desire for large field of view within engineering or cost constraints on the number of detectors; and (ii) the high read noise of near-infrared detectors, which results in increased photometric errors as light from an object is spread over more pixels. For these reasons, both {\emph{JDEM-Omega} and \emph{Euclid} chose pixels larger than $1/(2u_{\rm max})$. Images from such systems, sampled at the native pixel scale, are \emph{undersampled}. Undersampled images suffer from aliasing, in which each Fourier mode of the observed image contains contributions from several Fourier modes of the original image: in this case the original image cannot be unambiguously reconstructed. Operations such as interpolation, translation by a non-integer number of pixels, etc. are not mathematically possible on undersampled data, which represents a major difficulty for image analysis. Although proposed space-based dark energy missions are unlikely to oversample their imaging data on a given single image, typical design concepts allow accurate pointing capability (e.g.\ \citealp{gehrels10}). What is required is thus a means of reconstructing oversampled images from two or more undersampled, dithered images. The simplest technique to improve sampling is the ideal subpixel dither: for example, one may take 4 exposures whose relative offsets are $(0,0)$, $(\frac12,0)$, $(0,\frac12)$, and $(\frac12,\frac12)$ pixels (a ``$2\times 2$'' dither pattern). With the use of these multiple exposures, where the observed image depends on different linear combinations of the aliased modes, one may use linear algebra techniques to separately ``solve out'' the aliased Fourier modes \citep{lauer99, lauer99psf} so long as the native pixel scale $P<1/u_{\rm max}$. The linear algebra techniques allow us to analyze any subpixel dither pattern: notable examples include the ``$3\times 3$'' pattern (9 exposures); subpixel dithers with diagonal grids such as the ``$\sqrt2\times\sqrt2$'' pattern [where the relative offsets are $(0,0)$ and $(\frac12,\frac12)$ pixels] or the ``$\sqrt5\times\sqrt5$'' pattern (see Section \ref{sect:rt5xrt5}); or $N$ exposures with arbitrary offsets. Given any such subpixel dither pattern, one can determine whether the linear system for the Fourier modes of the input image can be solved. The output image from this approach has the same PSF as the input images. However, it is likely that \emph{WFIRST} -- or any wide-angle survey that attempts to fill in gaps between detectors -- will end up with a survey pattern that contains large slews (of order a detector width) between each exposure. Under such circumstances, the different input images that are being used to build the final, oversampled output image will be sampled on different grids whose phase cannot be controlled, will have different field distortions, and will have ``holes'' due to cosmic rays and detector effects. Moreover, the input PSFs will be different even if the telescope optics are perfectly stable, because each observation of a galaxy will be made in a different part of the field. The Fourier space/linear algebra techniques are not well-equipped to handle such situations efficiently. There are stable, commonly-used image combination algorithms such as \textsc{Drizzle} \citep{fruchterhook02} with mature accompanying scripts (e.g.\ \citealp{koekemoeretal02}) that will produce an output image for such inputs. However, these algorithms do not give full control of the PSF in the output image, or even guarantee that this PSF is constant across the image of a galaxy\footnote{Special cases such as the $2\times 2$ ideal subpixel dither with identical input PSFs may be exceptions because of special symmetries, e.g. translation by half-pixels. However, our interest is in the combination of images with no such symmetries.}, which should be seen as a prerequisite for high-precision shape measurement for a space weak lensing mission. Recently \citet{fruchter11} proposed a new method (\textsc{iDrizzle}: iterative \textsc{Drizzle}) that tackles some of these issues using an iterative application of \textsc{Drizzle} commands. It will be interesting in the future to compare results using this algorithm to those of this Paper. A third approach to combining images would be to adapt methods from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments. CMB experiments typically have only a few pixels in their focal plane (the \emph{Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe/WMAP} had a total of 10 differencing assemblies: e.g.\ \citealp{jarosiketal11}, and references therein) and use a large number of scans across the sky to build up an output map. Mapmaking for CMB experiments is usually done by taking the vector ${\bf d}$ of time-ordered data from a small number of detectors, and writing it in the form: \begin{equation} {\bf d} = {\bf Ms}+{\bf \eta}, \label{eq:d} \end{equation} where ${\bf s}$ is a vector of temperatures in pixels on the sky, ${\bf \eta}$ is the noise, and ${\bf M}$ is the $n_d\times n_p$ mapping matrix ($n_d$ being the number of samples of data and

dirt road with a row of pepper trees right down the middle. Follow the pepper trees for about two blocks till you see an old barn. There's some movie folks working there that might know where your company is." When Lasky heard "barn" he knew he had the right place. He found the barn at Selma and Vine with a sign that identified it as the Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play Company. When he opened the door he heard someone say: "There's the chief." Outside there was a two-ton Ford truck with the company's name inscribed on its side. When DeMille saw him, he grabbed his hand and gathered the company around and gave a speech of welcome. Afterward he had a photographer take a photo of Lasky and the company against the truck. Cecil B. DeMille (right) directs a scene from "The Squaw Man" DeMille finished The Squaw Man in three weeks, and Oscar Apfel took over the one stage for his production of Brewster's Millions (1914), another successful stage play. Edward Abeles, who had starred in the stage production, was brought to Hollywood for the film, which was followed by The Master Mind (1914) and The Only Son (1914). When The Squaw Man was released, Lasky received a telegram of congratulation from Adolph Zukor, then president of Famous Players. Lasky thought it was generous of him to do so and knew the value of the telegraphic dispatch so he asked Zukor's permission to use his congratulatory message in their advertising. Further improvements were made on the barn and the studio lot. In May 1914, electrical illumination was used for the first time to augment sunlight, when tow spotlights arrived from the East and were used in the production of Steward Edward White's story, The Call of the North (1914). Meanwhile, the studio was expanding. The platform attached to the barn was outgrown, and a larger, open-air stage was constructed. This received the title of Stage Number One, and when the end of this stage was glassed over, Stage Number One became the pride of the studio and the wonder of Hollywood. Sheds extending from the Selma Avenue side of the barn formed the cutting rooms, carpenter and paint shops, and the first dressing rooms were constructed. The first feature film to be made on this stage was DeMille's Rose of the Rancho (1914). This picture marked a definite step forward in the life of the studio, for this was the first film which was shot, in part, on location away from the stages. At this period the first major influx of stars started. H.B. Warner, Max Figman, Theodore Roberts and Mabel Van Buren joined the Lasky forces. Dustin Farnum returned to the studio to star in the first film version of Owen Wister's novel, The Virginian (1914), under DeMille's direction. In the east, Marguerite Clark made her screen debut in The Goose Girl (1915). Stage Number One was inadequate to handle the expanding production of the studio and a barley field to the south was annexed and Stage Number Two, an exact replica of Number one, was constructed. Soon a third stage was built, and then a fourth. On June 28, 1916, the Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play Company was merged with Adolph Zukor's Famous Players organization, whose most important asset was Mary Pickford. Zukor and Lasky combined forces and capital and purchased Paramount Pictures on July 19, 1916 and announced the formation of the $25 million Famous Players-Lasky Corporation, which included Paramount as its distributing channel. Zukor was elected president and Lasky was placed in charge of production. The Lasky Studios looking southeast from the corner of Selma and Vine. The barn is on the far left of the photo. Within three years they acquired the entire block between Selma and Sunset on which the former barn was located. The barn was transformed into a small property room and the business offices were moved into a new administration building which extended practically the length of the entire block facing Vine Street. A new glass stage was erected 60 by 200 feet, and another glass stage of the same length. New carpenter and property construction shops were built 300 by 100 feet in size. The studio had extended its walls a full block. An aerial view of the Lasky lot (center) Further expansion continued and a vacant block on Argyle Street to the east was bought and was referred to as the "back yard," containing fourteen garages and the street sets for outdoor filming. A new double deck paint frame was erected, eight times the size of the former paint frame, which at the time of its construction, was the largest on the Pacific Coast. Over 150 new dressing rooms were built for the stars, members of the organization and the extras. The studio also controlled the Morosco-Pallas Studios at Occidental and Council, and there, a new stage was built and the plant adjusted so that it could handle at least six companies. Beginning with a total staff of fifteen, just three years after The Squaw Man was completed the Lasky Company now had nearly a thousand on its weekly payroll. It had a complete printing plant on the grounds, which was used not only for printing sub-titles, but for preparing all stationary and the like. From having two automobiles, one of which was the personal property of Cecil B. DeMille, the Lasky Company now had fourteen cars, as well as three trucks. At the rear of the garages a complete machine shop was erected and all repairs were made by an expert mechanic and his crew. A concrete building was put up especially for the housing of transformers for the electricity for lights on the stages and the adjacent outdoor lot. A thousand-acre ranch near Burbank (now Forest Lawn-Hollywood Hills) was acquired as a site for out-door action. It was on this ranch that the studio's growing collection of horses, cow ponies and cattle were held. On the studio's twelfth anniversary, about 200 stars and well-known film executives attended and gathered in the old barn, now referred to as the "little grey home in the West," for the celebration on December 14, 1925. Those attending included Ethel Wales, who was a casting director, secretary and, when needed, a leading lady; Mabel Van Buren, James Neill, Theodore Roberts, Dustin Farnum and others. Lasky was presented with a bronze tablet which was placed on the spot where the old barn stood. A month later, Famous Players-Lasky purchased the United Studios a few blocks south on Melrose Avenue and Marathon Street, reportedly for $5 million. Lasky would move their operations from the old Sunset and Vine lot to the new studio on May 1, 1926. "Although our studio in Hollywood has long been considered the best equipped plant in the country," Lasky said, "it is not big enough to take care of the productions which we have scheduled for this coming year. The United Studios has nine stages and its 26 acres will enable us to expand our activities to take care of the production program we have in mind." At the time there were no plans on what to do with the old lot, but Lasky was sentimental about the old barn and the studios beginnings, so he had it picked up and trundled over to the new location. In addition, the window frame that he used to gaze out from was removed and placed in his new private office. Top: An aerial view of the new Paramount lot. Note at the top is Hollywood Cemetery and the new Cathedral Mausoleum on the far right. On the new Paramount lot, the old barn served as the studio library and later as the gymnasium. It became part of the studio's western

Stefan Yong The cultural history of the data centre in today's Singapore begins with cyberpunk. But let's be clear: it's not that this marginal, paraliterary genre, pioneered by a handful of North American authors, succeeded in predicting the future — that is, our present. It's instead that cyberpunk writing of the late 1980s and 1990s gave literary form to the uneven historical unfoldings of its own present, registering, with techno-Orientalist bewilderment, the contradictions between what was (even then) a novel application of state power and what were (not quite yet) the exigencies of a globalising, data-driven capitalism. Neil Stephenson's 'Mother Earth Mother Board' (1996) is one of the first great meditations on Internet infrastructures. It's framed as a travelogue in which the author, a 'hacker tourist', documents and historicises the laying of a hybrid undersea-overland cable of then-unprecedented length, the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG). Singapore appears as a hazy semipresence, which refuses to connect to this ambitious cable lay. Four years after Stephenson's piece appeared in Wired magazine, the less evocatively named Southeast Asia-Middle East-Western Europe 3 cable, a project behind which Singapore threw its considerable island weight, would exceed FLAG in length by some 10,000 kilometres. SEA-ME-WE3 is still the world's longest cable. Its administration lies with Singapore's premier telecommunications company, Singtel, which the country's government owns by way of its sovereign wealth fund Temasek Holdings. To Stephenson's name, we can add that of William Gibson and his notorious essay on Singapore, 'Disneyland with the Death Penalty'. There, Gibson reflects upon the possible futures awaiting Singapore in the wake of the government's sweeping turn to information technology. It's 1993, and Singapore wants to bring itself online. Singtel's manoeuvres in the international submarine cable industry are part of a wider set of state-directed shifts, collectively branded the 'Intelligent Island' initiative: computers in the home and the workplace; partial automation of air and maritime transportation infrastructure; recalibration of the workforce towards cognitive and service labour. For Gibson, Intelligent Island heralds an imminent collision. How will such a fastidiously administered society with its eminently functional infrastructures and its uncontested juridical punitivity, he asks, handle the pornographic weirdness, the anarchic 'wilds' of the same 'X-rated cyberspace' with which it now seems so desperate to interface? By the early 1990s, the economic hegemony of Japan was on the wane, and cyberpunk had yet to register the immense productive forces of a burgeoning Chinese capitalism. Singapore, then, served as a new or transitional repository for techno-Orientalist figurations. Consider a sequence from Bruce Sterling's 1988 novel Islands in the Net, where the transcript of a parliamentary hearing on Singapore's information governance interrupts the cyberpunk moment par excellence — plugging into the Net: She sat, and turned the deck on, and loaded data. Pop-topped a jug of mineral water and poured it in a dragon-girdled teacup. She sipped, and studied her screen, and was absorbed. The world around her faded. Into black glass, green lettering. The inner world of the Net. PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE Select Committee on Information Policy Public hearings, October 9, 2023 In Islands in the Net, cyberspace is not a representational abstraction, but a literary configuration of infrastructure space. On the novel's first page, the protagonist trips on an electrical cable and falls hard on her face. Sterling describes the Net not as a matrix of information but as a world-historical integration of old-new communications infrastructure. Meanwhile, the eponymous 'islands' are 'data havens' that feed upon the global economy of information, 'abstracting, condensing, indexing, and verifying' the data that the Net economy requires for its operations. These 'islands' circumvent commercial protocols and privacy laws in order to store data indiscriminately and limitlessly. We could say, using twenty-first century terminology, that Sterling's data havens blend the technical functions of the data centre with the murky juridical status of the special economic zone. Islands in the Net, 1st Edition Book Cover, Source: Wikipedia As an island haven of this sort, an 'arrogant, and technologically reckless' Singapore is home to 'radical technical capitalists', complete with their own space programme, who stand stubbornly opposed to the 'globalists', the 'postindustrialists', the 'economic democrats', the partisans of the harmonious global order promised by the Net. Suffice it to say that Sterling shares Gibson's deep misgivings with the heavy hand of the country's technocratic rule. The novel's Singapore segment begins with airtight sociopolitical control, but spirals into chaos, and breathlessly concludes with riot, martial law, barricades in the streets, and a bloodbath in the Straits of Malacca. The encounter between Singaporean governance and global data flows must end in catastrophe. Otherwise, as Gibson frets, Singapore 'will have proven it possible to flourish through the active repression of free expression. They will have proven that information does not necessarily want to be free'. It's an anxiety of the 1990s indeed, almost a quaint one to our ears; one cannot argue any longer, under conditions of today's data-driven capitalism, that the Singapore government exercises a monopoly on the unfreedom of information. But the point was never to valorise cyberpunk for its predictive qualities. It was instead to reach for a more salutary insistence, namely that taking Singapore-oriented cyberpunk seriously will make it difficult to think Singapore's encounter with global data technologies in isolation from cycles of accumulation and crisis at the level of the capitalist world-system. The data centre can and should be historicised — this principle is what we keep in mind as we close the novels and walk among the buildings. Within Singapore's short post-independence economic history, the origin of the government management of wired connectivity lies in the wired connectivity of government management. While Gibson and Sterling were publishing their cyberpunk opuses, the Singapore government was already several years deep into the first phase of its National Computerisation Plan: the Civil Service Computerisation Programme. The very first 'data centre' in Singapore would shortly appear, growing out of a move to centralise the National Computer Board's (NCB) servers into three 'hubs' — one each for land, people, and enterprises. Singtel's late 1990s purchase of National Computer Systems, the private-sector arm of the NCB, indicated a sharp convergence of government computerisation initiatives with government-linked expansion into regional and global telecommunications. More recently, the Smart Nation masterplan initiative, rolled out in 2014, promises to shape policy around the state's accumulated hoards of population, environment, infrastructure, and surveillance data. 'The government', as the chief executive of the newly minted Government Technology Agency (GovTech) puts it bluntly, 'has a lot of data'. When we examine Singapore's data centres from the perspective of land zoning, electrical grid allocation, environmental policy, and the promotion of investment by multinational corporations, we also brush up against the place of data storage within the technological innovations of the state apparatus. State plans for Singapore's data centres run in parallel track to the centrality of data to Singapore's state planning. The Singaporean data haven in Sterling's novel had 'the dignified cover of an address in Bencoolen Street, while the machinery hummed merrily in Nauru'. No such stark sundering of front-end commerce and back-end hardware is to be found in Singapore's data centres. More often, the humming machinery is the dignified address. The practical desire for server co-location and proximity to cable landings sometimes appears indistinguishable from the wish-fulfillment of seamless connectivity. A technical specifications pamphlet for Global Switch's data centre in Tai Seng outlines the structure's cooling, connectivity, and security features, but also emphasises its location: 9 km from the Central Business District, 15 km from Changi Airport, a Mass Rapid Transit station within 10 minutes walking distance. Data centre clients, it would seem, want to feel linked not only to the cable networks of the wider Asia Pacific region from the Singaporean switch point, but also to the financial strongholds

computer 1 has transmitted a user ID and a password, which are not authenticated, the moving-picture editing server 3 will not perform any further processes, prohibiting the personal computer 1 from accessing the user video-data management database 4. The process of displaying the thumbnails of the original data owned by the user, which is performed in Step S12 (FIG. 32), will be described in detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 34. In Step S2201, the moving-picture editing program 12 reads the file name associated with the user ID from the user area in which the user video-data management database 4 has been logged. The program 12 then reads the original data from the file that has the file. In Step S2202, the program 12 generates thumbnails from the data stored in the file that has been read in Step S2201. In Step S2203, the moving-picture editing program 12 transmits the thumbnails generated in Step S2202 to the personal computer 1 through the Internet 2. In Step S1201, the browser program 11 receives the thumbnails transmitted from the moving-picture editing server 3. In Step S1202, the browser program 11 displays the thumbnails received in Step S1201. The process of displaying the thumbnails is thereby completed. Thus, the personal computer 1 can display the thumbnails of, for example, the moving picture data recorded in the user video-data management database 4. Next, the process of up-loading the moving-picture data or the like, which is conducted in Step S13 (FIG. 32), will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 35. In Step S1301, the browser program 11 displays the dialog box shown in FIG. 8. In Step S1302, the browser program 11 reads the name of the file which contains the moving-picture data and which is input in the field 131. In Step S1303, the browser program 11 determines whether the button 132 has been clicked to instruct the transmission of the data. If the button 132 is found not clicked, the process returns to Step S1302 and the browser program 11 reads the name of the file again. If the button 132 is found clicked, in Step S1303, the process proceeds to Step S1304. In Step S1304, the browser program 11 opens the file having the name read in Step S1302. The data contained in this file is transmitted to the moving-picture editing server 3 through the Internet 2. In Step S2303, the moving-picture editing program 12 records the data ID and the attribute (FIG. 4) related to the data ID in the user video-data management database 4. The data recorded in the user video-data management database 4 is thereby updated. Here ends the process of up-loading the moving-picture data or the like. Thus, the moving-picture editing server 3 can record the data received from the personal computer 1, such as the moving-picture data, in the user video-data management database 4. Further, the server 3 can record the data ID and the attribute (of the original data). The process of imparting attribute to the original data, which is performed in Step 14 (FIG. 32), will be described in detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 36. In Step S1401, the browser program 11 selects one of the thumbnail-displaying fields 121-1 to 121-9 (FIG. 7). The original data the attribute of which is to be edited is thereby selected. In Step S1402, the browser program 11 determines whether the button 113 has been clicked to edit the attribute of the original data. If the button 113 is found not clicked, the process returns to Step S1401. In Step S1401, the browser program 11 tries to select the original data again. If the button 113 is found clicked, in Step S1402, the process advances to Step S1403. In Step S1403, the browser program 11 displays the dialog box shown in FIG. 9. In Step S1404, the browser program 11 reads the attribute of the original data, which is set in the field 141, 142 or 143. In Step S1405, the browser program 11 determines whether the button 148 has been clicked to start the transmission of the attribute. If the button 148 is found not clicked, the process returns to Step S1404. In Step S1404, the browser program 11 reads the attribute of the original data again. If the button 148 is found clicked, in Step S1405, the process proceeds to Step S1406. In Step S1406, the browser program 11 transmits the attribute of the original data, which has been read in Step S1404, to the moving-picture editing server 3 via the Internet 2, along with the data ID. The data ID is transmitted, too, together with the attribute. In Step S2401, the moving-picture editing program 12 causes the moving-picture editing server 3 to receives the data ID and the attribute of the original data, both transmitted from the personal computer 1. In Step S2402, the moving-picture editing program 12 registers the attribute of the original data that is associated with the data ID, in the user video-data management database 4. In Step S2403, the program 12 determines, from the attribute of the original data, whether the original data having the attribute transmitted is shared data or not. If the attribute indicates that the original data is a shared one, the process proceeds to Step S2404. In Step S2404, the data ID, user ID and charge flag, all pertaining to the original data, are registered in the shared video-data management database 5. Here ends the process of imparting attribute to the original data. The original data, which is shared data as so described by the attribute thus registered, can be read to the personal computer 1 of the other user and can be used therein. If the original data having the attribute transmitted is found not a shared one, in Step S2403, Step S2404 is skipped. This is because the data ID, user ID and charge flag, all pertaining to the original data, need not be registered in the shared video-data management database 5. In this case, too, the process of imparting attribute to the original data is terminated. As described above, the moving-picture editing server 3 can register the attribute of the original data transmitted from the personal computer 1 in the user video-data management database 4. Also can it register the data ID, user ID and charge flag, all concerning the original data, in the shared video-data management database 5. The process of loading the original data owned by the user, which is carried out in Step S15 (FIG. 32), will be explained with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 37. In Step S1501, the browser program 11 transmits the user ID and a demand to the moving-picture editing server 3 through the Internet 2, thus demanding that the server 3 should load the original data. In Step S2501, the moving-picture editing program 12 causes the server 3 to receive the demand transmitted from the personal computer 1. In Step S2502, the program 12 determines whether the user ID received is recorded in the user data management database 7. If the user ID is not registered in the database 7, the moving-picture editing server 3 terminates the process. In this case, no further steps of the process will be carried out. If the user ID is registered in the user data management database 7, the process goes to Step S2503. In Step S2503, the moving-picture editing program 12 reads the directory data associated with the user ID, from the user data management database 7. Based on the directory data thus read, the original data owned by the user is read from the user video-data management database 4, along with the data ID. In Step S2504, the moving-picture editing program 12 generates thumbnails from the original data read from the

criteria $\pi_F$ that is the order in which the elements are chosen with the greedy optimization procedure. In our work, we explore different data selection criteria, without limiting ourselves to properly defined submodular functions. \subsection{Sentence Similarity} Unless we perform the selection of the sentences to label based on some intrinsic attributes such as their length, an important metric we need to define is the similarity between \textit{a pair} of sentences. The need to introduce such a measure of similarity appeared simultaneously with the development of active learning techniques for text classification. For example, in \cite{mccallum1998employing}, the similarity between two documents $x$ and $y$, their analogue to our sentences, is measured by an exponentiated Kullback-Leibler divergence between the word occurrence empirical measures ${\hat{\mathbb{P}}(W=w|x)}$ and ${\lambda \hat{\mathbb{P}}(W=w|y)+(1-\lambda)\hat{\mathbb{P}}(W=w)}$ where $\lambda$ is a smoothing parameter. In the recent literature, however, the focus has shifted to using word or sentence embeddings as a basis for almost all tasks involving text processing. The continuous (Euclidean) space embeddings have become fundamental building blocks for almost all state-of-the-art NLP applications. \vspace*{0.2cm} In our study, we use a recently developed technique of producing sentence embeddings, \texttt{sent2vec} \cite{pagliardini2017unsupervised}. The \texttt{sent2vec} method produces continuous sentence representations that we use to define the similarity. More precisely, for every sentence $s \in V$, the \texttt{sent2vec} algorithm outputs a $700$-dimensional vector embedding ${e(s)\in \mathbb{R}^{700}}$ that we in turn use to define the similarity between a pair of sentences $x$ and $y$ as follows: \begin{equation} \mbox{sim}(x,y) = \exp\big(-\beta \|e(x)-e(y)\|_2\big) \end{equation} where \begin{equation} \beta = \bigg( \frac{1}{|V|(|V|-1)} \sum_{u \in V, w \in V} \|e(u)-e(w) \|_2 \bigg)^{-1} \end{equation} is a scaling constant, measuring the concentration of the cloud of points in the space. It is the inverse of the average distance between all pairs of embeddings. Note that $\beta$ will in general depend on the dataset, but it is not a hyper-parameter that needs to be tuned. Finally, the exponential function condenses the similarity to be in the interval $[0,1]$ as $\beta>0$. \vspace{0.2cm} For a fixed sentence $s$, the most similar candidates are those whose embedding vectors are the closest to $e(s)$ in the embedding space. Tables \ref{tab:sentences1} and \ref{tab:sentences3} present two example sentences (shown in bold), one from the MIT Restaurant and another from the MIT Movie dataset, together with their closest neighbors. Based on the numerous examples that we analyzed, it appears that the closeness in the embedding space is in line with the human perception of sentence similarity. Therefore, selecting a particular sentence for training should largely diminish the usefulness of its closest neighbors. \vspace{0.2cm} \begin{table}[b] \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{ | p{0.94\linewidth} | } \hline \textbf{whats a cheap mexican restaurant here} \cellcolor{gray!25} \\ \hline we are looking for a cheap mexican restaurant\\ \hline i am looking for a cheap mexican restaurant\\ \hline is ixtapa mexican restaurant considered cheap\\ \hline \end{tabular} \caption{\label{tab:sentences1}An example sentence $s$ from the MIT Restaurant domain and the sentences corresponding to the three closest points to $e(s)$} \end{center} \end{table} \begin{table}[b] \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{ | p{0.94\linewidth} | } \hline \textbf{what was the movie that featured over the rainbow} \cellcolor{gray!25} \\ \hline find me the movie with the song over the rainbow\\ \hline what movie was the song somewhere out there featured in\\ \hline what movie features the song hakuna matata\\ \hline \end{tabular} \caption{\label{tab:sentences3}An example sentence $s$ from the MIT Movie domain and the sentences corresponding to the three closest points to $e(s)$} \end{center} \end{table} A $2$-dimensional t-SNE projection of the cloud of points of the MIT Movie domain, together with an isolated example cluster, is shown on Figure \ref{fig:cloud}. The large black triangle in the cluster is an example sentence and the darker dots are its closest neighbors. Closeness is measured in a $700$-dimensional space and distances are not exactly preserved under the $2$-dimensional t-SNE projection portrayed here. The cluster shown on Figure \ref{fig:cloud} corresponds to the sentences in Table \ref{tab:sentences3}. \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{cloudmov1c.png} \caption{A $2$-dimensional t-SNE projection of the cloud of points representing the embeddings of the sentences of the MIT Movie domain. The overlapping plot gives a closer view of the small cluster at the bottom left; the corresponding sentences are shown in Table \ref{tab:sentences3}} \label{fig:cloud} \end{figure} \subsection{Coverage Score} \label{sec:cs} Once we have defined a similarity metric between sentences, it can be used in the definition of various submodular functions. An important example is the \textit{coverage score} function that evaluates every subset of sentences $X$ in the following way \cite{lin2011class}: \vspace{0.1cm} \begin{equation} C(X) = \sum_{x \in X} \sum_{y\in V} \mbox{sim}(x,y). \end{equation} Intuitively, the inner sum measures the total similarity of the sentence $x$ to the whole dataset; it is a score of how well $x$ covers $V$. The marginal gain of a sentence $s$ is given by \begin{equation} C(s|X) = C(\{s\} \cup X) - C(X) = \sum_{y\in V}\mbox{sim}(s, y). \end{equation} It can be easily seen that the marginal gain $C(s|X)$ does not depend on $X$, but only on $s$ itself. This makes the function $C$, strictly speaking, modular. The cardinality-constrained greedy optimization procedure for $C$ would, in this case, output the optimal solution. Table~\ref{tab:highestcs} presents the top three coverage score sentences from the MIT Restaurant dataset, and Figure~\ref{fig:clouds4} shows that these points tend to be centrally positioned in the cloud. \vspace{0.2cm} \begin{table} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{ | p{0.94\linewidth} | } \hline \textbf{The top three sentences with highest coverage score} \cellcolor{gray!25} \\ \hline 1. i need to find somewhere to eat something close by im really hungry can you see if theres any buffet style restaurants within five miles of my location\\ \hline 2. i am trying to find a restaurant nearby that is casual and you can sit outside to eat somewhere that has good appetizers and food that is a light lunch\\ \hline 3. i need to find a restaurant that serves sushi near 5 th street one that doesnt have a dress code\\ \hline \end{tabular} \caption{\label{tab:highestcs}The top three coverage score sentences from the MIT Restaurant domain} \end{center} \end{table} \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{clouds2.png} \caption{The position of the top forty points in the $2$-dimensional t-SNE projection of the cloud corresponding to the MIT Restaurant dataset according to two different rankings} \label{fig:clouds4} \end{figure} The coverage score function suffers from that it only considers how much a sentence is useful \textit{in general}, and not in the context of the other sentences in the set. Hence, it might pick candidates that cover much of the space, but could be very similar to each other. In order to deal with this problem, an additional penalty or diversity reward term is usually introduced and the marginal gain takes the form of \begin{equation} D(s|X) = \sum_{y \in V} \mbox{sim}(s, y) - \alpha \sum_{x \in X} \mbox{sim}(s,x) \end{equation} where $\alpha$ is a parameter that measures the trade-off between the coverage of $s$ and its similarity to the set of already chosen sentences $X$. The additional term makes the function $D$ submodular as $D(s|X)$ is decreasing in $X$. However, $D$ features an additional parameter that needs to be tuned and moreover, experiments with both $C$ and $D$ (see Figure \ref{fig:resresall} in the results section) yielded mediocre results. In the next section, we introduce our new selection method that features a non-linear penalization and does not have any additional parameters. \subsection{Ratio-Penalty Marginal Gain} We propose a direct definition of a marginal gain of an element with respect to a set. This is an alternative to providing a submodular function for which we derive the marginal gain expression and then use it to find the maximizing set of a given size. We then use this marginal gain to rank and select the sentences that are likely the most valuable for labeling. We call it the \textit{ratio-penalty} marginal gain and define it as: \begin{equation} \label{rpmg} F(s|X) = \frac{\sum_{y \in V}\mbox{sim}(s,y)}{ 1 + \sum_{x \in X}\mbox{sim}(s,x)}. \end{equation} We cannot uniquely define a submodular function that generates the ratio-penalty marginal gain. To see this, notice that, for example, ${F(a|\emptyset) + F(b|\{a\}) \neq F(b|\emptyset) + F(a|\{b\})}$, which already makes the definition of $F(\{a,b\})$ ambiguous. Nevertheless, the above expression (\ref{rpmg}) satisfies the submodularity condition by being decreasing in $X$. \vspace{0.2cm} The

attention of the DIA and Senator Reid." Perhaps so. It would be both helpful and interesting to know what specific DIA personnel, as well as how the events unfolded. Others have been much more direct and conclusive in putting the DIA at Skinwalker, though evidence is lacking and not in proportion to their seeming certainty. In statements published in June at Mysterious Universe, filmmaker Jeremy Kenyon Lockyer Corbell discussed what he described as learning about DIA involvement at the ranch. "The DIA attempted to scientifically investigate the occurrences experienced at Skinwalker Ranch," Corbell further stated. "The fact that the United States government was involved at all is fascinating," he added. The full paragraph, quoted for context: Like most people, I first heard about Skinwalker Ranch from the book, Hunt For The Skinwalker by George Knapp and Dr. Colm Kelleher. I was initially drawn by the stories about a broad scale of paranormal events, and my interest was cemented years later when I learned about the DIA (Defense Intelligence Agency) involvement, even though I could not publicly acknowledge it. The DIA attempted to scientifically investigate the occurrences experienced at Skinwalker Ranch. Investigators used the unique location as a "living laboratory," attempting to understand for themselves the varied phenomena that display on and around the property. One of the aims was to determine if The Phenomenon presented a threat to National Security, and another was to attempt to determine the mechanisms utilized by The Phenomenon. The fact that the United States government was involved at all is fascinating. A request for further comment was sent to an email address offered at Corbell's website. I asked if a source could be provided for the assertion the DIA was involved at Skinwalker Ranch. Also requested were comments and supporting materials that would help clarify such involvement. Corbell did not immediately respond. I empathize a great deal with finding such info of interest, but I strongly urge those relaying it to provide the supporting docs and sources if possible. I'd also encourage the rest of us to delay making up our minds about the circumstances until such supporting evidence is publicly available. Moreover, I invite consideration we can't know if such work was actually scientific if we aren't informed how it was conducted and what took place. Casual and incorrect use of the term "scientific" to describe activities undertaken in UFO and paranormal genres should often receive much more scrutiny, in my opinion. That's the case whether or not Corbell may prove to be correct about his expressed understandings of the Skinwalker situation. Robert Bigelow In years past I sought evidence through the Freedom of Information Act for IC involvement with Robert Bigelow-founded organizations National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDS) and Bigelow Aerospace Advanced Space Studies (BAASS). FOIA requests submitted to multiple agencies returned no results, but I did not specifically query DIA until more recently. A request submitted to DIA in late 2017, seeking copies of contracts undertaken with and funding provided to NIDS, resulted in no responsive documents. In the wake of the latest wave of assertions that Skinwalker research involved DIA, I additionally asked specifically about BAASS. I submitted an FOIA request to DIA seeking contracts and files pertaining to BAASS. To be clear, this is not the same as previous yet to be filled FOIA requests seeking documents concerning the AATIP. DIA responses are pending on involvement with BAASS as well as records on the AATIP. There are several complications with the increasingly popular assertions of the Skinwalker-DIA connection. The time frame becomes a point of question, and Bigelow's involvement is a potential source of confusion. The overlapping presence of various researchers and personnel of TTSA, intelligence agencies, and Bigelow organizations may also lead to incorrect assumptions and premature conclusions. Luis Elizondo of To The Stars Academy Some of the vague generalizations offered by not just interested parties, but sometimes TTSA leaders and self-described insiders, are troubling, or at the least lack substantiation. It is such very generalizations that tend to cause some researchers to suspect several UFO-related topics are being haphazardly inserted into discussions of the scope of the AATIP. Some of those topics may in actuality amount to little more than recreational and unofficial interests of those formerly involved in the AATIP. The bottom line is details must be verified, not just inferred or asserted absent documentation. Personally, I suspect the intelligence community may well have been officially involved in research at Skinwalker Ranch. However, I am not convinced the purposes were entirely limited to the more popularly accepted assumptions or, if so, that the work bore substantial results. I'm also not convinced the acting agency necessarily or exclusively would have been DIA. Most of all, I'd prefer to suspend judgment until conclusive information is actually available. Verifying any such involvement, establishing if it was related to science-based research, and identifying the objectives remain critical to understanding the full extent of the situation. We simply cannot do so until we have the opportunities to view authentic documents clarifying funding entities, project objectives, methodologies, means of measuring progress, and similar relevant information. Perhaps in the end what TTSA, Bigelow orgs, and the Skinwalker saga teach us, at least in part, is that if people desire to present information in coherent, systematic and clear ways, they do so. If the issues are muddled and confusing, perhaps we should more deeply consider the extent they actually want us to fully understand their activities. It is not our responsibility to go behind people making claims and fact-check their statements; it is their responsibility to offer conclusive evidence in the first place when they frame their claims as fact. The only way to actually gain insight into what an intelligence agency claims took place within any given project is to obtain the verifying documents. If people cry foul, trying to lead us to believe otherwise and relax our standards, it is completely reasonable to inform them conclusions cannot be drawn until the available evidence allows. Posted by Jack Brewer at 8:28 AM 16 comments: Labels: AATIP, FOIA, intelligence community FOIA Watch Some truly interesting items are emerging through the efforts of researchers using the Freedom of Information Act. John Greenewald at The Black Vault is set to receive over 4,000 MKULTRA-era "behavioral modification" docs from the CIA. As is the case with many researchers, Greenewald obtained the CIA compact disc collection of MKULTRA files. After posting them for visitors at The Black Vault, a user noticed some of the docs named in the index were apparently missing from the collection. As explained in an Aug. 15, 2018 Newsweek article: The existence of the previously unknown MKUltra pages was discovered in 2016, when a Black Vault user, Oscar Diggs, discovered irregularities in the collection the CIA disclosed to Greenewald. Diggs created a list of missing records and pages described in the index. The CIA refused to fill in the gaps in their original FOIA disclosure, claiming that extant MKUltra documents pertaining to "behavioral modification" were not the same as those pertaining to "mind control." Greenewald is currently crowdfunding to cover the fees imposed by the CIA for the remaining 4,358 pages. The crowdfunding effort is apparently complete and the publication of the docs seems to be on the horizon. Greenewald will be posting them as soon as he gets them, he reports via Twitter. In related news, Emma Best and the crew over at MuckRock obtained and posted an Overview of the Office of Medical Services, 1947-1972 from the CIA. It was composed in 1973 and approved for release in 2017. Lots of material there. Meanwhile, Steven Aftergood at Federation of American Scientists sought and obtained a list from the Department of Energy of classified programs involving the use of human research subjects. Whatever the purposes, the list indicates some

(become) righteous. 2:180 Prescribed for you when approaches any of you [the] death, if he leaves good (making) the will for the parents and the near relatives with due fairness a duty on the righteous ones. 2:181 Then whoever changes it after what he (has) heard [it], so only its sin (would be) on those who alter it. Indeed, Allah (is) All-Hearing, All-Knowing. 2:182 But whoever fears from (the) testator (any) error or sin, then reconciles between them, then (there is) no sin on him. Indeed, Allah (is) Oft-Forgiving, All-Merciful. 2:183 O you who believe[d]! Is prescribed for you [the] fasting as was prescribed to those from before you, so that you may (become) righteous. 2:184 (Fasting for) days numbered. So whoever is among you sick or on a journey, then a prescribed number of days other. And on those who can afford it, a ransom (of) feeding a poor. And whoever volunteers good then it (is) better for him. And to fast (is) better for you, if you know. 2:185 Month (of) Ramadhaan (is) that was revealed therein the Quran, a Guidance for mankind and clear proofs of [the] Guidance and the Criterion. So whoever witnesses among you the month, then he should fast in it, and whoever is sick or on a journey then prescribed number (should from days other. Intends Allah for you [the] ease and not intends for you [the] hardship, so that you complete the prescribed period and that you magnify Allah for [what] He guided you so that you may (be) grateful. 2:186 And when ask you My servants about Me, then indeed I am near. I respond (to the) invocation (of) the supplicant when he calls Me. So let them respond to Me and let them believe in Me, so that they may (be) led aright. 2:187 Permitted for you (in the) nights (of) fasting (is) the approach to your wives. They (are) garments for you and you (are) garments for them. Knows Allah that you used to deceive yourselves, so He turned towards you and He forgave [on] you. So now have relations with them and seek what has ordained Allah for you. And eat and drink until becomes distinct to you the thread [the] white from the thread [the] black of [the] dawn. Then complete the fast till the night. And (do) not have relations with them while you (are) secluded in the masajid. These (are the) limits (set by) Allah, so (do) not approach them. Thus makes clear Allah His verses for [the] people so that they may (become) righteous. 2:188 And (do) not eat your properties among yourselves wrongfully and present [with] it to the authorities so that you may eat a portion from (the) wealth (of) the people sinfully while you know. 2:189 They ask you about the new moons. Say, "They (are) indicators of periods for the people, and (for) the Hajj And it is not [the] righteousness that you come (to) the houses from their backs, [and] but [the] righteous (is one) who fears (Allah). And come (to) the houses from their doors. And fear Allah so that you may (be) successful. 2:190 And fight in (the) way (of) Allah those who fight you and (do) not transgress. Indeed, Allah (does) not like the transgressors. 2:191 And kill them wherever you find them, and drive them out from wherever they drove you out, and [the] oppression (is) worse than [the] killing. And (do) not fight them near Al-Masjid Al-Haraam until they fight you in it. Then if they fight you, then kill them. Such (is the) reward (of) the disbelievers. 2:192 Then if they cease, then indeed, Allah (is) Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. 2:193 And fight (against) them until not (there) is oppression, and becomes the religion for Allah Then if they cease then (let there be) no hostility except against the oppressors. 2:194 The month [the] sacred (is) for the month [the] sacred, and for all the violations (is) legal retribution. Then whoever transgressed upon you then you transgress on him in (the) same manner (as) he transgressed upon you. And fear Allah and know that Allah (is) with those who fear (Him). 2:195 And spend in (the) way (of) Allah and (do) not throw (ourselves) [with your hands] into [the] destruction. And do good; indeed, Allah loves the good-doers. 2:196 And complete the Hajj and the Umrah for Allah. And if you are held back then (offer) whatever (can be) obtained with ease of the sacrificial animal. And (do) not shave your heads until reaches the sacrificial animal (to) its destination. Then whoever is among you ill or he (has) an ailment of his head then a ransom of fasting or charity or sacrifice. Then when you are secure then whoever took advantage of the Umrah followed (by) the Hajj, then (offer) whatever (can be) obtained with ease of the sacrificial animal. But whoever (can) not find - then a fast (of) three days during the Hajj and seven (days) when you return. This (is) ten (days) in all. That (is) for (the one) whose, not is his family present (near) Al-Masjid Al-Haraam. And fear Allah and know that Allah (is) severe (in) retribution. 2:197 (For) the Hajj (are) months well known, then whoever undertakes therein the Hajj then no sexual relations and no wickedness and no quarrelling during the Hajj. And whatever you do of good knows it Allah. And take provision, (but) indeed, (the) best provision (is) righteousness. And fear Me, O men (of) understanding! 2:198 Not is on you any sin that you seek bounty from your Lord. And when you depart from (Mount) Arafat then remember Allah near the Monument [the] Sacred. And remember Him as He (has) guided you, [and] though you were [from] before [it], surely among those who went astray. 2:200 Then when you complete[d] your acts of worship then remember Allah as you remember your forefathers or (with) greater remembrance. And from the people who say, "Our Lord! Grant us in the world." And not for him in the Hereafter [of] any share. 2:201 And from those who say, "Our Lord! Grant us in the world good and in the Hereafter good, and save us (from the) punishment (of) the Fire." 2:202 Those - for them (is) a share of what they earned, and Allah (is) swift (in taking) account. 2:203 And remember Allah during days numbered. Then (he) who hurries in two days then no sin upon him, and whoever delays then no sin upon him for (the one) who fears. And fear Allah and know that you unto Him will be gathered. 2:204 And of the people (is the one) who pleases you (with) his speech in the life (of) the world, and he calls to witness Allah on what (is) in his heart, and he (is) the most quarrelsome (of) opponents. 2:205 And when he turns away he strives in the earth to spread corruption [in it], and destroys the crops and progeny. And Allah (does) not love [the] corruption. 2:206 And when it is said to him "Fear Allah," takes him (his) pride to [the] sins. Then enough for him (is) Hell - [and] surely an evil [the] resting-place. 2:207 And of the people (is the one) who sells his own self seeking pleasure (of) Allah. And Allah (is) full of Kindness to His servants. 2:208 O you who believe[d]! Enter in submission/Islam completely, and (do) not follow footsteps (of) the Shaitaan. Indeed, he (is) for you an enemy open. 2:209 Then if you slip from after [what] came to you (from) the clear proofs, then know that Allah (is) All-Mighty, All-Wise. 2:210 Are they waiting [except] that comes to them Allah in (the) shadows of [the] clouds, and the Angels, and is decreed the matter? And to Allah return (all) the matters. 2:211

accurate than those of other studies that measured the adrenal volume on CT with thick slices of ≥5 mm or those conducted with MRI [8,12,18]. We performed both volumetric and linear assessments of the adrenal gland to compare the diagnostic performance. We hypothesized that the complex shape of the adrenal glands could complicate the measurement of the adrenal width in two-dimensional CT images. As we expected, the reproducibility of adrenal width (good agreement, ICC 0.685) was inferior to that of adrenal volume (excellent agreement, ICC 0.888). However, adrenal width showed a good correlation with biochemical parameters. Furthermore, it showed good diagnostic performance for predicting biochemically well-controlled patients (AUC, 0.82). Adrenal width can be easily applied in real clinical practice considering its rapidity of measurement. Our study demonstrated the prevalence of adrenal masses in adult patients with classic 21OHD who were on medication. Approximately 13.3% of the patients had adrenal tumors, which is much lower than the value reported in a previous study [19]. Moreover, only one patient (1.1%) had adenoma in our study, while most tumors were described as "silent adenomas" in a previous study [19]. This discrepancy might be attributed to differences in image interpretation. Adrenal hyperplasia is a major condition that is often falsely diagnosed as adenoma due to a significant overlap in imaging findings [20,21]. A majority of patients with 21OHD who were considered to have adenomas in previous studies may actually have had adrenal hyperplasia. In addition, all the patients in the current study with adrenal tumors, except for one, had myelolipomas. Some patients with untreated 21OHD with very high serum ACTH levels occasionally demonstrate large myelolipomas [22,23]. Chronic ACTH stimulation might play an important role in myelolipoma development [24]. In concordance with these findings, patients with adrenal tumors showed higher ACTH levels than those without tumors in our study. This finding can be interpreted as indicating that adrenal imaging should be considered in patients with 21OHD with high ACTH levels to identify adrenal incidentalomas, especially myelolipomas. It is well known that patients with 21OHD have a higher prevalence of metabolic morbidities than the normal population [3,25]. Adrenal volume was useful in identifying 21OHD patients with at least one metabolic morbidity (AUC, 0.67). We also found that total abdominal fat area and waist circumference were significantly different according to patients' hormonal control status. Our study had several limitations. First, this study was performed retrospectively at a single center; thus, there may have been selection bias. Second, the hormones examined were different for each patient depending on the clinician's determination. In addition, single measurement results of the hormones were analyzed. In particular, patients with 21OHD were classified into well-controlled and poorly-controlled groups according to a single measurement of 17-OHP levels. Third, not all patients in our cohort were genetically confirmed to have classical 21OHD. However, all patients showed typical hormone abnormalities and a clinical course consistent with classical 21OHD. Finally, measuring adrenal volume is time-consuming and laborious compared with measuring adrenal width. For application in clinical practice, automatic or semi-automatic volumetric assessment of the adrenal gland is warranted. In conclusion, adrenal volume and width were associated with hormonal status in patients with 21OHD and showed good diagnostic performance in identifying well-controlled patients and patients with at least one metabolic morbidity. Given the lifetime duration of the disease course, both adrenal volume and width are reliable quantitative parameters for monitoring patients with classical 21OHD. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Conception or design: T.M.K., J.H.K., H.N.J., M.H.C., J.Y.C., S.Y.K. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: T.M.K., J.H.K., H.N.J., M.H.C., J.Y.C., S.Y.K. Drafting the work or revising: T.M.K., J.H.K., H.N.J., M.H.C., J.Y.C., S.Y.K. Final approval of the manuscript: T.M.K., J.H.K., H.N.J., M.H.C., J.Y.C., S.Y.K. Image analysis of patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD). We evaluated the adrenal morphology according to (A, B) limb width, (C) the presence of an adrenal mass (arrows), and (D) adrenal volume by manual segmentation. Plasma levels of (A) 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and (B) androstenedione according to the adrenal morphology. Patients with adrenal hypertrophy showed the highest 17-OHP and androstenedione levels, followed by those with normal adrenal glands and adrenal hypotrophy. Correlations between total adrenal volume and hormonal status and adrenal width and hormonal status. Both total adrenal volume and adrenal width correlated positively with (A, B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and (C, D) 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels regardless of sex. (E, F) Androstenedione levels correlated positively with adrenal volume in both male and female patients, and with adrenal width in male patients. Receiver operating characteristic curves and box-and-whisker diagrams of adrenal volume and width for classifying well-controlled patients (A, B, C) and patients with at least one metabolic morbidity (D, E, F), respectively. AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval. Clinical Characteristics of the Patients Total (n=90) P valuea Age, yr 28 (19-55) 28 (19-55) 28.5 (19-54) 0.42 Height, cm 158.1 (146.8-182.3) 164.7 (146.8-182.3) 152.6 (133-166.4) <0.01 Weight, kg 63.5 (53.9-103.1) 69.3 (53.9-103.1) 59.9 (42-93.4) <0.01 BMI, kg/m2 25.0 (19.7-41.3) 25.2 (19.7-38.5) 24.6 (18-41.3) 0.47 Phenotype 0.28 Salt-wasting 46 (51.1) 20 (45.5) 26 (56.5) Simple virilizing 44 (48.9) 24 (54.5) 20 (43.5) Metabolic risk factors 56 (62.2) 33 (75) 22 (47.8) 0.01 Obesity 35 (38.9) 20 (45.5) 15 (32.6) 0.21 Hyperglycemia 25 (27.8) 13 (29.5) 12 (26.1) 0.39 Hypertension 17 (18.9) 11 (25) 6 (13.0) 0.15 Dyslipidemia 21 (23.3) 12 (27.3) 9 (19.6) 0.39 Glucocorticoid type Hydrocortisone 2 (2.2) 1 (2.3) 1 (2.2) 0.98 Prednisolone 90 (100) 44 (100) 46 (100) NA Glucocorticoid-dose/BSA, mg/m2/day 17.5 (5.2-26.7) 16.5 (5.2-26.7) 18.9 (7.4-24.5) 0.02 Fludrocortisone use 55 (61.1) 28 (63.6) 27 (58.7) 0.63 ACTHb, pg/mL 96.9 (2.7-5,030) 107.4 (3.3-5,030) 58.9 (2.7-726) 0.04 17-OHP, ng/mL 34.3 (0.6-344) 36.2 (1.6-126) 32.6 (0.6-344) 0.75 17-OHP <10 ng/mL 26 (28.9) 11 (25) 15 (32.6) 0.43 Androstenedioneb, ng/mL 1.3 (0.1-11.3) 1.5 (0.2-9.8) 1.2 (0.1-11.3) 0.58 11β-OHTb, ng/mL 0.4 (0.02-15.1) 0.6 (0.02-15.1) 0.4 (0.03-4.6) 0.20 11β-OHAb, ng/mL 3.2 (0.02-51.8) 6.4 (0.02-51.8) 3.0 (0.02-44.4) 0.21 Preg-Sb, ng/mL 95.5 (2.5-1,201.2) 133.6 (12.8-1,045.3) 70.7 (2.5-1201.2) 0.20 DHEA-Sb, ng/mL 632 (101-5,169) 1,097 (248.2-5,017) 403 (101-5,169) 0.17 Testosteroneb, ng/mL 1.3 (0.08-7.3) 4.8 (2.0-7.3) 0.4 (0.08-3.7) <0.01 Androstenedione/testosteroneb 2.0 (0.05-6.3) 2.8 (0.9-6.3) 0.3 (0.05-2.6) <0.01 Plasma renin activityb, ng/mL 7.2 (0.1-75.2) 6.9 (0.1-75.2) 7.1 (1.4-49.5) 0.60 Values are expressed as median (range) or number (%). BMI, body mass index; NA, not applicable; BSA, body surface area; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; 17-OHP, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone; 11β-OHT, 11β-hydroxytestosterone; 11β-OHA, 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione; Preg-S, progesterone sulfate; DHEA-S, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. a Continuous data were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test, while categorical data were assessed using Fisher's exact test; b Data were not available for some of the patients (ACTH, n=2; androstenedione, 11β-OHT, 11β-OHA, 11β-hydroxytestosterone/testosterone [11β-OHT/T], Preg-S, testosterone, n=44; DHEA-S, n=59; plasma renin activity, n=6). Comparison of Patients with Simple Virilizing Type and Salt-Wasting Type Simple virilizing type (n=44) Salt-wasting type (n=46) Glucocorticoid-dose/BSA, mg/m2/day 17.9 (6.7-24.4) 17.3 (5.2-26.7) 0.65 Fludrocortisone use 22 (50) 34 (73.9) 0.02 ACTHb, pg/mL 90.0 (3.7-5,030) 97.8 (2.7-2,299) 0.80 17-OHP, ng/mL 38.7 (0.74-344) 34.8 (0.6-344) 0.13 17-OHP <10 ng/mL 10 (22.7) 16 (34.8) 0.21 Androstenedioneb, ng/mL 1.3 (0.2-9.8) 1.2 (0.1-11.3) 0.86 11β-OHTb, ng/mL 0.4 (0.04-7.4) 0.02 (0.5-15.1) 0.75 11β-OHAb, ng/mL 3.0 (0.6-43.6) 0.02 (4.8-51.8) 0.88 Preg-Sb, ng/mL 98.5 (8.2-946.1) 92.4 (2.5-1,201.2) 0.99 DHEA-Sb, ng/mL 811 (101-5,169) 675.5 (168-4,407) 0.77 Testosteroneb, ng/mL 0.8 (0.2-5.4) 1.9 (0.08-7.3) 0.93 Plasma renin activityb, ng/mL 6.0 (1.4-29.9) 8.0 (0.1-75.2) 0.18 BSA, body surface area; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; 17-OHP, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone; 11β-OHT, 11β-hydroxytestosterone; 11β-OHA, 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione; Preg-S, progesterone sulfate; DHEA-S, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Radiologic Findings of the Adrenal Gland in Patients with 21OHD (n=90) No. (%) Adrenal morphology Normal 38 (42.2) Hypertrophy 41 (45.6) Hypotrophy 11 (12.2) Mass 12 (13.3) Laterality Unilateral 9 (10) Bilateral 3 (3.3) Radiologic diagnosis Myelolipoma 11 (12.2) Adenoma 1 (1.1) 21OHD, 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Linear and Volumetric Parameters between Patients with 21OHD and Patients in the Control Group 21OHD patients (n=90) Control group (n=270) P valueb Men (n=44) Women (n=46) Men (n=135) Women (n=135) Limb width, mm Right adrenal gland 4.7±1.8 4.9±1.9 4.6±1.8 0.47 3.3±0.5 3.5±0.4 3.1±0.4 <0.001 <0.001 Left adrenal gland 4.6±2.0 4.8±2.1 4.5±1.8 0.39 3.3±0.5 3.5±0.5 3.2±0.5 <0.001 <0.001 Average of both adrenal glands 4.7±1.9 4.8±2.0 4.5±1.8 0.41 3.3±0.5 3.5±0.5 3.1±0.5 <0.001 <0.001 Volume, mL Left adrenal gland 9.9±7.4 10.8±8.4 9.0±6.3 0.26 3.6±1.1 4.3±1.0 2.9±0.6 <0.001 <0.001 Both adrenal glands 18.4±12.4 19.4±13.1 17.4±11.7 0.43 7.1±2.0 8.4±1.9

These Are the Elections That Will Decide Europe's Fate © Zerbor Conn Hallinan April 03, 2017 13:30 EDT While France teeters on the brink of the far right, left parties elsewhere are showing surprising strength. Going in to the recent elections in the Netherlands, the mainstream story seemed lifted from William Butler Yeats' poem, The Second Coming: "Things fall apart; the center cannot hold — The best lack all conviction, while the worst are full of passionate intensity." The right was on the march, the left at war with itself, the traditional parties adrift and the barbarians were hammering at the gates of the European Union (EU). It's a grand image, rather like Game of Thrones. But the reality is considerably more complex. There is, of course, some truth in the apocalyptic imagery: right-wing parties in the Netherlands, France and Germany have grown. There are indeed some sharp divisions among left parties. And many Europeans are pretty unhappy with those that have inflicted them with austerity policies that have tanked living standards for all but a sliver of the elite. But there are other narratives at work in Europe these days besides an HBO mega series about blood, war and treachery. A Shot Across the Status Quo in the Netherlands The recent election in the Netherlands is a case in point. After holding a lead over all the other parties, Geert Wilders' right-wing, racist Party for Freedom faltered. In the end, his Islamophobes didn't break the gates, though they did pick up five seats. Overall it was a victory for the center, but it was also a warning for those who advocate "staying the course" politics—and, most pointedly, the consequences of abandoning principles for power. The Green Left did quite well by taking on Wilders' anti-Islam agenda and challenging Prime Minister Mark Rutte's center-right Popular Party for Freedom and Democracy on the economic front. In one national debate, Jesse Klaver, the Green Left's dynamic leader, argued that janitors should be paid more and bankers less. The election, he said, is not about "Islam and Muslims," but about "housing, income, and health care." The voters clearly bought it. Rutte's coalition partner, the center-left Labor Party, was crushed, losing 29 seats. For the past four years, the Dutch Labor Party has gone along with Rutte's program of raising the retirement age and cutting back social spending, and voters punished them for shelving their progressive politics for a seat at the table. Rutte's party also lost eight seats, which probably went to centrist parties like Democrats66, suggesting that Rutte's "business as usual" isn't what voters want either (though it's still the number one party in the 150-seat parliament). There were some lessons from the Dutch elections, though not the simplistic one that the "populist" barbarians lost to the "reasonable" center. What it mainly demonstrated is that voters are unhappy with the current situation, they are looking for answers, and parties on the left and center left should think carefully about joining governments that think it is "reasonable" to impoverish their own people. France on the Brink Next up in the election docket is France, where polls show Marine Le Pen's neo-Nazi National Front leading the pack in a five-way race with traditional right-wing candidate Francois Fillon, centrist and former Socialist Party member Emmanuel Macron, Socialist Party candidate Benoit Hamon and leftist Jean-Luc Melenchon. The first round, scheduled for April 23, will eliminate all but the two top vote getters. A final round will be held May 7. With Melenchon and Hamon running at 11.5% and 13.5% respectively, thus splitting the left vote, the race appears to be between Fillon, Macron and Le Pen, with the latter polling slightly ahead of Macron and considerably better than Fillon. If you're attracted to the apocalypse analogy, France is probably your ticket. Le Pen is running a campaign aimed against anyone who doesn't look like Charlemagne or Joan of Arc, but her strong anti-EU positions play well with young people, in small towns and among rural inhabitants. All three groups have been left behind by neoliberal EU policies that have resulted in de-industrialization and growing economic inequality. Polls indicate she commands 39% of 18-to-24 year olds, compared with 21% for Macron and 21% for Fillon. Fillon has been wounded by the revelation that he's been using public funds to pay family members some $850,000 for work they never did. But even before the scandal, his social conservatism played poorly with the young, and workers are alienated by his economic strategy that harkens back to that of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, whom he greatly admires. His programs sound much like Donald Trump's: cut jobless benefits and social services, lay off public workers and give tax cuts to the wealthy. Macron, an ex-Rothschild banker and former minister of economics under President Francois Hollande, is running neck and neck with Le Pen under the slogan "En Marche" ("On Our Way"), compelling critics on the left to ask, "to what?" His platform is a mix of fiscal discipline and mild economic stimulation. At 39, he's young, telegenic and a good speaker. But his policies are vague, and it's not clear there's a there there. Most polls indicate a Le Pen vs. Macron runoff, with Macron coming out on top, but that may be dangerous thinking. Macron's support is soft. Only about 50% of those who say they intend to vote for him are "certain" of their vote. In comparison, 80% of Le Pen's voters are "certain" they will vote for her. There are, as well, some disturbing polling indications for the second round. According to the IFOP poll, some 38% of Fillon's supporters say they'll jump to Le Pen—that's 2 million voters—along with 7% of Hamon voters and 11% of Melenchon backers. What may be the most disturbing number, however, is that 45% of Melenchon voters say they won't vote at all if Macron is the anti-Le Pen candidate in the second round. Some 26% of Fillon's voters and 21% of Hamon's voters would similarly abstain. Le Pen will need at least 15 million votes to win, and the National Front has never won more than 6 million nationally. But if turnout is low, Le Pen's strongly motivated voters could put her into the Elysee Palace. In this way, France most resembles Britain prior to the Brexit vote. If that comes to pass, Le Pen will push for a national referendum on the EU. There's no guarantee the French will vote to stay in the union. And if they leave, that will be the huge trade organization's death knell. The EU can get along without Britain, but it could not survive a Frexit. Surprising Strength on the German Left Germany will hold national elections on September 24, but the story there is very different than the one playing out in France. The German government is currently a grand coalition between Chancellor Angela Merkel's conservative Christian Democrats and the center-left Social Democrats. The alliance has been a disaster for the Social Democrats, which at one point saw its poll numbers slip below 20%. But German politics has suddenly shifted. On Merkel's left, the Social Democrats changed leaders and have broken with industrial policies that have driven down the wages of German workers in order to make the country an export juggernaut. On the chancellor's right, the racist, neo-Nazi Alternative for Germany (AfD) has drained Christian Democrat voters to support a ban on immigration and a withdrawal from the EU, although AfD is dropping in the polls. The game changer has been the sudden popularity of former EU President Martin Schulz, the new leader of the Social Democrats. The party is now neck and neck with Merkel's bloc, and some polls show Schulz actually defeating Merkel. In terms of personal popularity, Schulz is now running 16 points ahead of Merkel. While the chancellor's Christian

Dec 15 8:42 AM Best of 2021: Putting Others First (Released 02-15-2021) I want to propose a new idea that's completely countercultural, radical, and goes against the flow of everything you probably see, read and hear: put others first. Originally Published February 15, 2021 Through the end of the year, we'll be rerunning some of the best Life Lifters from 2021. We hope you'll join us each Monday, Wednesday, and Friday morning! We live in a day in which we suffer from a critical disease called "me-ism," where we tend to think about ourselves. We used to have a magazine in our country called "Self," which seems appropriate. For this disease, me-ism, we have a term called "narcissism" where all we do is think about ourselves and what interests us. We all know that's wrong, but unfortunately, we're all tempted to live in "Me-ism Ville." That's a new word (or place)! I want to instead propose a new idea that's completely countercultural, radical, and goes against the flow of everything you probably see, read and hear: put others first. It's interesting that narcissistic people that focus on themselves are the most unhappy people. All the research shows you this; the more you focus on yourself, the more unhappy you are because all you're doing is examining yourself and critiquing yourself. It's why social media is such a colossal flop for so many reasons. I mean, it has some positives, for sure. The negative of social media is that you see all these people putting their fake images of themselves out there, and meanwhile you're going, "I don't seem that happy, I'm not doing all these fun things like they are." All social media can do quite often is feed narcissism, or me-ism. All the research says that it will depress you. "I think about myself all day long."—It's a radically depressing thought. But you know what the research shows about people who put others first? They are the happiest people! Counterintuitive? Countercultural? Yeah, but it works. I get this idea from the words of Jesus Christ with one of his marquee statements in the Gospel of Mark, chapter 10, verse 45, where he said this: "For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many." He didn't come to be served, but to serve. Now, Jesus Christ is God. Jesus Christ is perfect. Jesus Christ deserved to be served. Instead, He served. Why? Because in His humanity and deity, He loved us to the full and because of this, He served us. He served us because we needed serving because of our sin. He served us because He loved us. He also served us so that He would be a model for us. In fact, here at Lakeshore, when we teach people about leadership, we teach about not just any leadership, but the driving motive for the leadership we teach here is servant leadership. Servant leadership puts other people first. Do you put other people first? It's really hard, in fact, it's probably impossible, but I can say this: when you begin to engage and appreciate God's love for you, then you have something to give others. You cannot give what you do not have. But if you are a follower of Jesus Christ, you are a Christian, and God's love is in you, and then you can put others first. I already told you that if you think about yourself all the time, it's depressing. If you think about others first, it's enjoyable, but here's the thing: if you put others first and yourself second, you're going to be more satisfied because what happens is when you put others first, most 'reasonable' people will be appreciative of you. It will encourage you and you'll feel more satisfied. If you think about yourself, people are going to think, "I don't want anything to do with that". That's depressing. So, put others first. When you do, you'll find life has more meaning. If Jesus Christ said the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve and give His life for ransom, I'm thinking that's the right way to live for me. Is it easy? No. It's especially hard if you're Italian, but I can tell you this: it's worth it. I think it'll be worth it for you, too. Let's pray. Heavenly Father, thank you so much for this reminder to put others first. If you Lord, and your Son, Jesus Christ, put others first, help us to do it. Help us catch ourselves when we're trying to put ourselves first, and others second. And help us to think about ways we can elevate others and when we do, you'll lift us up. You say that the last shall be first when we humble ourselves. You will exalt us. So many great promises. So help us to do that. Help us start at home, start at work, start in our neighborhood and do it to everyone we can. We asked this through your Son, the servant leader, Jesus Christ, Amen. Thanks for joining us today. Have a great day. TOP 10: Trusting in God (Originally Published 3-10-2021) Today we're going to be dealing with the topic of trusting in God. I know that sounds like a big topic, but it's really about trusting in Him when we're dealing with life and things are completely out of our control. TOP 10 LIFE LIFTERS: For the next few weeks, we'll be re-releasing some of the top Life Lifters we've ever published since we started this devotional series. Join us as we look back at popular topics like prayer, joy, trust, and hope! Today we're going to be dealing with the topic of trusting in God. I know that sounds like a big topic, but it's really about trusting in Him when we're dealing with life and things are completely out of our control. We're going to look at Psalm 131. It says, "O Lord, my heart is not proud, nor my eyes haughty; Nor do I involve myself in great matters, or in things too difficult for me. Surely I have composed and quieted my soul; Like a weaned child rests against his mother, my soul is like a weaned child within me. O Israel, hope in the LORD from this time forth and forever." I see three main things here. In verse one, he says, "O Lord, my heart is not proud, nor my eyes haughty; Nor do I involve myself in great matters, or in things too difficult for me." The author's being completely honest and humble. Be honest and be humble. Be honest that you can't do it. God doesn't want someone with all the answers who thinks they have it all figured out and they're just overconfident as a result. Be humble. Humility is recognizing that it's not all about you. My son, Eli, is my youngest of four. Because he's so short right now, when he goes to get a glass and get a drink or get a bowl for his cereal in the morning, he often has to ask for help because he knows he just can't reach it. It's okay to be humble. It's okay to be honest. In verse two: "Surely I have composed and quieted my soul; Like a weaned child rests against his mother, my soul is like a weaned child within me." What's he doing there? He's talking about contentment. First, he says in verse one, be humble and be honest. Then, in verse two, he says to be content. I've composed and quieted my soul. I'm content where I am, just like a weaned child rests against his mother.

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the world. I was asked about finding employment in the segment. At the moment, of my twenty and thirty something Mexican relatives (who aren't still studying), everyone is employed. However, and sadly to say, I can't say the same for my relatives in the USA. When I first moved to Mexico I had work as an English as a Second Language teacher. Later, I worked as a translator, academic advisor, a silver jewellery salesperson, a higher education administrative assistant, I started my own business and worked for an NGO on a fair trade retail project. Finding a job hasn't always been easy but I have found work. Having a university degree, in my opinion, has made all the difference and being bilingual makes me a more attractive candidate. Image source:https://www.facebook.com/Upworthy Yet poverty and socio-economic inequality exist in Mexico. A lot of that inequality has to do with corruption. Corruption is in fact everywhere in the world. But in Mexico, it is just more institutionalized and people speak about it openly. From the illegal quotas that parents are asked to pay in public schools (which in fact did happen to me when my son was in a public school), to the desperately obvious unjust enrichment of Elba Esther Gordillo, Mexico's teacher's union president (who has lifelong permanence as the syndicate's president), to Wal Mart paying bribes to get more stores built around the country, corruption is, in my opinion, the number one factor that is and always has, held Mexico back from a more even, across the board, economic growth. At the risk of sounding näive, I firmly believe that corruption can be reduced drastically, if several policies and reforms would be put into place. Primarily regarding how elected officials are paid and what rights they have while they hold office. My belief is that, if elected officials in Mexico, beginning with federally elected officials, received the same benefits and minimum wage pay as the working class Mexican, things would start changing fast. To begin with, the bureaucratic monster known as IMSS (Mexican social security) would be reformed over night. If elected officials had to use IMSS instead of the private health insurance that Mexican tax pesos pay right now, millions of Mexicans would be better off. At the moment, IMSS is riddled with inept processes and personnel. Daily, millions of Mexicans stand in lines for hours on end awaiting all to often sub-par medical attention and medicine. IMSS is not paid for exclusively by the government; workers who have IMSS through their employers pay for these services every time they get a paycheck since a percentage is deducted from their wages. Secondly, elected officials must be treated as any other citizen. The infamous fuero or priviledge that elected officials have to immunize themselves against any kind of legal procedings while they are in office must be revoked retroactively. There are several well known cases of illicit dealings among elected officials that have not been prosecuted because of this privilege. It is time for these and other Mexican politicians to pay the proverbial piper. For those elected officials who have not committed any crimes, knowing that if they will be prosecuted immediately, might just be what they need to behave like decent citizens. Finally, in order for these two aforementioned societal problems of gargantuan proportions to be reduced in size, policies that directly impact how business is done in Mexico need to be implemented. I believe that Tim Padgett puts it best in an article he wrote for Time back in March of this year. So forgive some of us if, almost 20 years later, we're a bit reluctant to declare another fast-track Mexican Miracle and set aside our concerns about Mexico's lingering dysfunction. Not just the mafia bloodletting, but the nagging failure to modernize a corrupt and incompetent judicial system. Not just the social inequality, which is still too vast, but the shameless business monopolies that exacerbate it by choking off competition and inflating prices. However, I don't agree with everything he writes in the article. I do think that there should be hype about Mexico's economic boom. We need to hear that there is growth; news shouldn't be just the bad or doom and gloom. The Mexicans I interact with, those I know and love, are hard workers and persistent people who have a strong work ethic. Why shouldn't the media talk about how our economy is recovering? Padgett points out that Mexicans aren't convinced of the economic growth themselves and cites polls from Andres Oppenheimer´s article in the Miami Herald. But this negative view of the economic growth makes me think that, sometimes we can't see the forest for the trees. After hearing about corruption and knowing that nothing is being done about it, Mexicans hearing good news about Mexico are bound to be take it with scepticism. I personally know Mexicans who openly say they despise their country and are convinced they live in the worst country in the world. While I respect their opinions, I whole heartily disagree. The worst countries in the world are places where your opportunities are limited to such a degree where can't do things like visit your family that live in other countries, which is the case in North Korea or drive a car because you don't have male genitals, like in Saudi Arabia. None the less, Padgett has a point when he talks about shameless business monopolies. Two of the biggest monopolies that come to mind are in fact media monopolies known as Televisa and TV Azteca. They are the biggest television companies in the country and have far too much control over the masses in my opinion. And Televisa, from what I saw during the last election, was the reason why President Peña Nieto was elected. We have yet to have something like the Huffington Post Live in Mexico that isn't tied to a monopoly that has ruled the airwaves for decades. So, in the mean time, I will leave it up to you, reader, to decide. Can Mexico, or any country for that matter, have real economic growth when there is rampant corruption at every level of society? Which makes me think of something my uncle said to me the day he dropped me off at Museo Soumaya, "now it turns out that only the wealthy can change a country." Power, money, corruption. All a part of the human condition and all a part of life in my Mexico. As you can see from the image bellow, taken from Maria Amparo Casar's article Los Dineros del Congreso (The Monies in Congress), Mexican congress members earned in 2011 over $12,310 USD a month. The minimum wage in Mexico for 2013 is just under $6.00 USD a day. That means that the elected officials, whose salary is paid with taxes, earned in 2011 is over $500.00 USD a day. Ask any worker how much he or she wants to earn, let them set their wage, and this is what happens. Image source:http://www.nexos.com.mx/?P=leerarticulov2print&Article=2102411 Publicado por Alma Maria Rinasz 4 comments: Labels: corruption, economic growth, economics, Elba Esther Gordillo, Huffington Post Live, immigration, politics, teacher's union by Alma Maria Rinasz Victoria Ryan and Paloma, Photo Credit: Todd McIntosh "I was a wild child," Victoria Ryan tells me as we sit in La Compañia, a restaurant in Portal Oriente de Matamoros on a stormy Patzcuaro August afternoon. I laugh. "No really, I was certified by the State of California as incorrigible." Victoria Ryan hotelier, painter, sculptor, self-declared hippie and naturalized Mexican, uses a cognate to describe herself. Using a word that means the same thing in two languages, provides some foreshadowing on this, our first meeting. The owner and operator of Hotel Casa Encantada, Ryan has named her hotel

How to free a hostage When lives are on the line, how can one person resolve a hostage crisis with psychology? Ed Chipperfield meets the world's top negotiators to find out. By Ed Chipperfieled The thought of being taken hostage is a frightening prospect to imagine. The initial panic, followed by the horror of realising the nature of the situation and the awful resignation that your life can be taken on a whim. The news bristles with examples, whether they're in the Middle East, off the coast of Somalia or in a bank on a British high street. In the grip of the drama of these stories, it's easy to forget that the true burden of resolving these crises lies with just one person: the negotiator. At its most basic level, hostage taking is a form of bargaining. But there's more to it than calmly striking a deal in a high-pressure, high-stakes situation. Since the 1970s, the application of psychological principles has enabled negotiators to engage with the sometimes erratic, sometimes deadly hostage takers on a scientific footing. To explain how, we asked the world's leading negotiators how they operate in a typical hostage situation. 0.00hrs: the take Whether it's a phone call or a gunshot, the situation begins with whatever brings attention to the criminal, according to Dr Harvey Schlossberg, the man often referred to as the father of hostage negotiation. After 20 years in the NYPD, he studied for a doctorate in psychology and in 1973 founded the department's Hostage Negotiations Team, developing the best procedures to deal with hostage takers – procedures still used around the world today. "To be a negotiator you have to understand why people take hostages," he says. "It's a desperate act. This is their last chance to get some power. What it says is that their objective is very important; it would have to be because one of the possible outcomes is the death of the hostage taker. By taking a hostage, or hostages, he's taking a wild chance. He's helpless." A negotiator is sensitive enough to think about the hostage taker as someone who needs help, Schlossberg points out. They have to be compassionate and willing to sit and listen to all the threats, curses and demands without losing sight of their objective – getting people out alive. 0.30hrs: initial assessment After 30 minutes, a negotiator will be able to appraise how deadly the situation is. "The rule we go by is, if they go past the half-hour without killing anybody, they're probably not going to kill," says Schlossberg. "After the heightened arousal state subsides, if they do kill someone, they're telling you that you're wasting your time trying to talk." If that happens, the only option left is assault – the last resort and a huge risk to all concerned. A tactical team will storm the site in the hope of saving lives by doing so. But if there's no kill, then negotiaton can still go ahead. 0.45hrs: negotiation begins In these initial stages, the role of a negotiator is simple: calm the situation down. "For the hostage taker this is a time of chaos," says Dr Gerard Bailes, a consultant forensic psychologist who works with the UK police. "We're trying to find out what's actually happening and trying to contain the situation." As police teams take their positions and the hostage taker digs in, the containment itself becomes a source of tension. "Like any negotiation, it's about persuasion," says Bailes. "But it's being done in a situation that is an absolute Pandora's box." Schlossberg's approach might surprise many, but it has become the textbook way of dealing with crises. "To the negotiator it's irrelevant what the criminal wants," he says. "There's not even much talking involved. It's about getting the criminal to get their point across: eventually they'll repeat it so often they lose interest in it. They'll just burn themselves out." This is the moment where the negotiator must identify themself as the only line to the outside world, becoming, in Schlossberg's words, "a substitute for the hostage". They become the hostage taker's verbal punchbag, drawing attention away from the captive. Schlossberg also reveals a relatively new technique: switching the sex of the negotiator during the beginning of the crisis. "We start off with a male voice, especially if the situation is violent, then replace that with a female negotiator after an hour or so. All of a sudden, mummy's on the phone. No matter how bad they are, they remember her as nurturing and soft." 1.30hrs: profiling The lines of communication are open. Nobody has been killed, and the demands have been stated. Demands relate to the type of hostage taker: they could be political (such as those in the Ken Bigley case in Iraq), securing a means of escape (such as criminals trapped in a bank) and then there are the nebulous demands of the psychologically disturbed. Next the negotiator profiles the hostage taker's mental state. "We try to test hypotheses, without being too probing," reveals Dr Carol Ireland, a forensic psychologist who trains crisis negotiators in the prison service and hospitals. "Are they responding to stimuli that aren't there? Are there indicators of delusions? We look at how they speak to the negotiator and what might be interfering with them." These tests revealing the hostage takers mental state could then determine the next course of action. The negotiator might emphasise personal safety, or the need for medication to help. "A person does this out of a crisis. We use empathy, active listening [a technique where the listener encourages someone to express their opinions as well as confirming their main points] and rapport building to get them to a place where they are more rational." 2.00hrs: distraction By now the negotiator knows the kind of hostage taker they're dealing with: psychologically disturbed, a criminal caught in the act, or a terrorist group (see 'Types of hostage taker', p77). They'll also know their mood and demands. Now their toolkit turns to distraction. It's unlikely any of the demands will be granted – once you do that, more unrealistic demands are next. What the psychology of the situation demands is to get the hostage takers to dissect what they're doing and why. "The idea is to keep them problem-solving," Schlossberg advises. "Get them talking. Whatever the most important thing was when this started, once verbalised it begins not to make sense, or else they just start to solve it themselves." Once the initial chaos and excitement subsides, by asking the hostage taker to keep on examining what they are doing, they're forced to see it as disproportionate, even absurd, and are more likely to work towards a safe exit strategy with a negotiator. According to Schlossberg, the NYPD way is to take the conversation in unrelated directions. "It shapes the conversation into nonsense," he admits. "But distraction is key, it causes them to shift gears: 'You want a car: what kind of car? How far are you going? Do you want one with air conditioning?' They're not creative people, and having to consider this stuff distracts them." These tactics aren't easy to apply with one type of hostage taker, however: terrorists. Usually far from the home country of their hostages, this group aims for concessions of money, exchange of prisoners or alterations to national policy. It is the policy of Britain's Foreign Office not to make substantive concessions. "That includes paying ransoms, facilitating the payment of ransoms and releasing detainees. That's our guiding principle. That's what governs everything we do," a Foreign Office spokesman explains. The emphasis is more on communication, to support the release of hostages. Headline cases of hostages taken by religiously and politically motivated groups have evolved into a kind of political theatre, according to one former western security official who agreed to speak

PIE BOOKAZINE PIE FACE KIDS PIE DIGEST PIE DIGEST BLOG PIE BESPOKE BLOG PIE FACE KIDS BLOG PIE PERSPECTIVE PIE EVENTS PIE BOOKAZINE BLOG He has hit the Diaphram, the Ears, the Eyes, and now he's hitting the Tongue Dan Aykroyd is an iconic Canadian actor, comedian, musician, and philanthropist. He has accomplished so much in his career and creates movies which leave lasting impressions on people from all generations. He is now able to add award-winning adult beverage creator to his impressive list of accomplishments. In my interview with Mr. Aykroyd, I asked him what enticed him to become involved in the adult beverage industry and his answer was too perfect to not quote it in its entirety. "I feel a sense of true accomplishment with this project. I can measure it by past things in my creative and professional life that have worked. On television, I was able to, along with other great collaborators, actors, and writers, deliver an excellent, solicited reaction from the human diaphragm. I caused a lot of laughter there. Then we went on to do record recordings by releasing the Blues Brother's Brief Case Full of Blues, the soundtrack to the movie, the Made in America record and the best of. I was able to deliver to the consuming public first-class aural stimulation. And then when we went into the motion picture industry where we were able to actually have the facility which manufactures the lachrymose quality in humankind. We drew tears from the eyes. So I have hit the diaphragm, the ears, and the eyes and now I'm hitting the tongue! The vodka lives right up to the quality of my past work and I truly do feel a sense of true accomplishment with it." Crystal Head Vodka truly is an impressive adult beverage. The liquid is filtered through 500-million-year-old crystals known as Herkimer diamonds. The water used in the product is the pristine and unspoiled water of Newfoundland, Canada. There are absolutely no additives like glycol, citrus oil or raw sugars, which leaves you with the crystal clear taste of pure vodka. Anthony Dias Blue, who is one of the most influential wine, food and lifestyle personalities in the United States described the taste of Crystal Head as, "Sweet vanilla, dry, crisp with a kick of heat off the finish." The vodka does not need artificial sweetness because they use peaches and cream in its creation leaving the pallet with an absolutely crisp, clean and delicious tasting Vodka. I asked Mr. Aykroyd about his inspiration behind the Crystal Head bottle and his answer was simple. "We needed to devise an absolutely crystal clean bottle to put this remarkable product in. So what better vessel than one that is associated with the legend of the 13 Crystal Heads that have been found in regions around the world from the American Southwest to Tibet. The heads are thought to offer spiritual power and enlightenment to those who possess them, and as such stand not as symbols of death, but of life. Positive enlightenment, cleanliness, wellness; you can see the connection to Crystal Head Vodka." Legend has it that the crystal head skulls were gifted to the tribes from star-children or extraterrestrials, which further explains Mr. Aykroyd's interest in the legend. Dan has been a long time believer and researcher of the invisible world and has followed his father's work closely. His father has written a book entitled A History of Ghosts, which chronicles true stories of séances, mediums, ghosts, and Ghostbusters. And now we discover the inspiration behind one of Dan Aykroyd's wildly popular hits Ghostbusters. He is the originator and writer of both Ghostbusters 1 and 2 and has also written two versions of Ghostbusters 3. In the meantime, we will be able to enjoy Mr. Aykroyd in the HBO biopic Behind the Candelabra, which stars Michael Douglas as Liberace, a flamboyant entertainer who sought to keep his private life with his much younger male lover out of the public eye. Dan will play Liberace's manager who did not approve of his gay relationship with lover Scott Thorson (played by Matt Damon). When I asked Mr. Aykroyd about his role in the film he responded in a fantastically flamboyant voice to mimic the likes of Liberace. "Honey, he loves ya. He really did, he loved his fans [end flamboyant voice]. He was a wonderful entertainer. He did not want to be outed and fought to maintain the fiction of his heterosexual identity right until the very end when he died of AIDS (not necessarily associated with any sexual behavior). He was a great entertainer and lived the life he wanted to live and he was devoted to his fans. Michael Douglas deserves to win an Emmy for this, as does Matt Damon as a love-torn couple." Mr. Aykroyd plays Seymour Heller, a classic Hollywood manager/agent who represented Liberace for many years. He said that he enjoyed the challenge of playing a character who actually existed and truly appreciated the opportunity to work with award-winning director Steven Soderbergh. Another recent role for Mr. Aykroyd was his comedic performance in The Campaign alongside Will Ferrell and Zach Galifianakis. "I loved working on this film. Zach Galifianakis is a wonderful and genuine actor. You need to be a great comedian to be a good comedic actor and you need to be a good actor to pull off comedy. And of course, working with the master Will Ferrell. It is great fun to work with these superstars. They treated me respectfully and honored me as a senior member of SNL." Many people are aware of the successes of Mr. Aykroyd's acting career. Megahits like The Blues Brothers, My Girl, The Coneheads, and Ghostbusters span their popularity across several generations and continue to gain popularity to this day. However, what many people may not know is that Mr. Aykroyd is a former reserve commander for the police department in Harahan, Louisiana. He served in the Reserve Commission Core as an Advisory Executive for 15 years. This is one of Dan's proudest achievements and something that he has used to do so much good especially in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Mr. Aykroyd was one of the first responders after the devastation and worked tirelessly to assist those who had been affected. He said that it was one of the most exhilarating missions he had ever been on in his whole life. He also speaks humbly and respectfully of his honor as a member of the Order of Canada. He told me that it was not so much the award as much as it was the company of the people who he dined with at the Governor General's home that truly humbled him and he will never forget the experience. As we concluded our interview Mr. Aykroyd was on his way to the United States to begin the celebration of 20 Years of Blues. He is one of the founders of the thirteen live concert music halls which now has locations in Anaheim, Atlantic City, Boston, Chicago and West Hollywood to name a few. He truly is a diverse actor, comedian, restaurant founder and now creator of the award-winning Crystal Head Vodka. It was an honor to interview him for PIE Magazine and we look forward to seeing his future endeavors as his work is always of the finest quality just like his vodka. Why the French Alps Has It All Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic: A Bucket List Vacation Beringer Vineyards launches new $220 Cabernet Real Life "Jurassic Park" Your Own Private Paradise Select Category Architecture Art Celebrity Design Drink Entertainment Fashion Food Hotel Investment Leisure Music News Philanthropy Photography Pie Estates Real Estate Social Spa Sport Style Travel Archives Select Month August 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January

Five Step Outline Proving Muhammad is Worshiped as a God In this relatively short post I am going present the evidence proving that Muhammad turned himself into another deity alongside his false god. 1. Muhammad said. الدُّعَاءُ هُوَ الْعِبَادَةُ "Du'a (invocation) huwa (is) al-Ibadah (THE worship, e.g., the very heart/ essence of worship)." Ahmad, Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah, Al-`Hakimand others, collected this narration, which Al-`Hakim, Adh-Dhahabi and Al-Albani graded as Sahih (sound, reliable, authentic). 2. Worshipping others besides Allah is Shirk (ascribing the unique characteristics and functions of Allah to a creature). Worship Allah and join none with Him in worship (Wa'abudoo Allaha wala tushrikoo), and do good to parents, kinsfolk, orphans, Al-Masakin (the poor), the neighbour who is near of kin, the neighbour who is a stranger, the companion by your side, the wayfarer (you meet), and those (slaves) whom your right hands possess. Verily, Allah does not like such as are proud and boastful; S. 4:36 Verily, Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with him in worship, but He forgives except that (anything else) to whom He pleases, and whoever sets up partners with Allah in worship, he has indeed invented a tremendous sin. S. 4:48 – Cf. 4:116; 2:22 3. Invoking others besides Allah involves Uluhiyyah/Ibadah (worship/service). And invoke (tad'u) not any other ilah (god) along with Allah, La ilaha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He). Everything will perish save His Face. His is the Decision, and to Him you (all) shall be returned. S. 28:88 4. According to certain Sahih reports, Muhammad exhorted his followers to invoke/supplicate (du'a) him, which they did even after his death. 3578. 'Uthman bin Hunaif narrated that a blind man came to the Prophet and said to him: "Supplicate to Allah to heal me." He said: "If you wish, I will supplicate for you, and if you wish, you can be patient, for that is better for you." He said: "Then supplicate to him." He said: "So he ordered him to performWudu' and to make his Wudu' complete, and to supplicate with this supplication: 'O Allah, I ask You and turn towards You by Your Prophet Muhammad, the Prophet of Mercy. Indeed, I have turned to my Lord, BY MEANS OF YOU, concerning this need of mine, so that it can be resolved, So Allah so accept HIS INTERCESSION for me (Allahumma Inni As'aluka WA MUHAMMADIN Nabi-Ir-Rahmati Tawajjahtu Bika Ila Rabbi Fi Hajati Hadhihi Lituqda Li, Allahumma FASHAFFI'HU Fiya).'" (SAHIH) [He said]: This Hadith is Hasan SAHIH Gharib, we do not know of it except through this route, as a narration of Abu Ja'far, and he is someone other than Al-Khatmi, [and Uthman bin Hunaif is the brother of Sahl bin Hunaif] (English Translation of Jami' At-Tirmidhi: Compiled by Imam Hafiz Abu 'Eisa Mohammad Ibn 'Eisa At-Tirmidhi, translated by Abu Khaliyl (USA), ahadith edited and referenced by Hafiz Tahir Zubair 'Ali Za'i [Darussalam Publishers & Distributors, First Edition: November 2007], Volume 6, From Hadith No. 3291 to 3956, Various Narrations On The Chapters Of Supplications, Chapter 118, p. 283 http://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/48/209; capital and underline emphasis mine) Here is a different version of this same hadith: 1385. It was narrated from 'Uthman bin Hunaif that a blind man came to the Prophet and said to him: "Pray to Allah to heal me." He said: "If you wish to store your reward for the Hereafter, that is better, or if you wish, I will supplicate for you." He said: "Supplicate." He said: "So he told him to perform ablution and do it well, and to pray twoRak'ah, and to say this supplication: "Allahumma inni as'aluka wa atawajjahu ilaika BI-MUHAMMADIN NABIYYIR-RAHMA.YA MUHAMMADU inni qad tawajjahtu bika ila rabbi fi hajati hadhihi Lituqda. Allahumma FASHAFFI'HU fiya (O Allah, I ask of You and I turn my face towards You BY VIRTUE OF THE INTERCESSION OF MUHAMMAD THE PROPHET OF MERCY. O MUHAMMAD, I have turned to my Lord BY VIRTUE OF YOUR INTERCESSION concerning this need of mine, so that it may be met. O Allah, accept HIS INTERCESSION concerning me)". (SAHIH) (English Translation of Sunan Ibn Majah: Compiled by Imam Muhammad Bin Yazeed Ibn Majah Al-Qazwini, Ahadith edited and referenced by Hafiz Abu Tahir Zubair 'Ali Za'i, translated by Nasiruddin al-Khattab (Canada), final review by Abu Khaliyl (USA) [Darussalam Publications and Distributors, First Edition: June 2007], Volume 2, From Hadith no. 803 to 1782, 5. The Chapters Of Establishing The Prayer And The Sunnah Regarding Them, Chapter 189. What Was Narrated Concerning Prayer At Times Of Need, pp. 329-330 http://sunnah.com/urn/1287330; capital emphasis mine) THE HADITH OF THE MAN IN NEED Moreover, Tabarani, in his "al-Mu'jam al saghir," reports a hadith from 'Uthman ibn Hunayf that a man repeatedly visited Uthman ibn Affan concerning something he needed, but Uthman paid no attention to him or his need. The man met Ibn Hunayf and complained to him about the matter – this being after the death (wisal) of the Prophet and after the caliphates of Abu Bakr and Umar – so Uthman ibn Hunayf, who was one of the Companions who collected hadiths and was learned in the religion of Allah, said: "Go to the place of ablution and perform ablution (wudu), then come to the mosque, perform two rak'as of prayer therein, and say: 'O Allah, I ask You and turn to You through our Prophet Muhammad, the Prophet of mercy; O MUHAMMAD (Ya Muhammad), I turn through you to my Lord, that He may fulfill my need,' and mention your need. Then come so that I can go with you [to the caliph Uthman]." So the man left and did as he had been told, then went to the door of Uthman ibn Affan, and the doorman came, took him by the hand, brought him to Uthman ibn Affan, and seated him next to him on a cushion. 'Uthman asked, "What do you need?" and the man mentioned what he wanted, and Uthman accomplished it for him, then he said, "I hadn't remembered your need until just now," adding, "Whenever you need something, just mention it." Then, the man departed, met Uthman ibn Hunayf, and said to him, "May Allah reward you! He didn't see to my need or pay any attention to me until you spoke with him." Uthman ibn Hunayf replied, "By Allah, I didn't speak to him, but I have seen a blind man come to the Messenger of Allah and complain to him of the loss of his eyesight. The Prophet said, "Can you not bear it?' and the man replied, 'O Messenger of Allah, I do not have anyone to lead me around, and it is a great hardship for me.' The Prophet told him, 'Go to the place of ablution and perform ablution (wudu), then pray two rak'as of prayer and make the supplications.'" Ibn Hunayf went on, "By Allah, we didn't part company or speak long before the man returned to us as if nothing had ever been wrong with him." This is an explicit, unequivocal text from a prophetic Companion proving the legal validity of tawassul through the dead. The account has been classified as rigously authenticated (SAHIH) by Baihaqi, Mundhiri, and Haythami. (Nuh Ha Mim Keller, Tawassul: Supplicating Allah through an Intermediary (From Reliance of the Traveller) http://seekershub.org/ans-blog/2011/07/02/tawassul-supplicating-allah-through-an-intermediary/; bold and capital emphasis mine) 5. Muhammad, therefore, turned himself into another god besides Allah by causing his followers to make du'a to him, which is the heart of worship. Grave Worship: More of Muhammad's Duplicity Exposed INVOCATION AND WORSHIP: THE ISLAMIC DILEMMA PT. 1 Mohammed Hijab Proves Muslims are Muhammadans who Worship a False Prophet! Unveiling Jamal Badawi's True Mediator and Savior Pt. 2 Session on the Deification of Muhammad Pt. 1 The Deification of Muhammad MORE PROOFS THAT MARIYAH WAS MUHAMMAD'S SEX SLAVE Let's Go

if (arg == NULL || arg->type != GRPC_ARG_POINTER) { return NULL; } grpc_lb_addresses *addresses = arg->value.pointer.p; size_t num_grpclb_addrs = 0; for (size_t i = 0; i < addresses->num_addresses; ++i) { if (addresses->addresses[i].is_balancer) ++num_grpclb_addrs; } if (num_grpclb_addrs == 0) return NULL; glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*glb_policy)); /* Get server name. */ arg = grpc_channel_args_find(args->args, GRPC_ARG_SERVER_URI); GPR_ASSERT(arg != NULL); GPR_ASSERT(arg->type == GRPC_ARG_STRING); grpc_uri *uri = grpc_uri_parse(exec_ctx, arg->value.string, true); GPR_ASSERT(uri->path[0] != '\0'); glb_policy->server_name = gpr_strdup(uri->path[0] == '/' ? uri->path + 1 : uri->path); if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) { gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "Will use '%s' as the server name for LB request.", glb_policy->server_name); } grpc_uri_destroy(uri); glb_policy->cc_factory = args->client_channel_factory; GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->cc_factory != NULL); arg = grpc_channel_args_find(args->args, GRPC_ARG_GRPCLB_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS); glb_policy->lb_call_timeout_ms = grpc_channel_arg_get_integer(arg, (grpc_integer_options){0, 0, INT_MAX}); // Make sure that GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME is set in channel args, // since we use this to trigger the client_load_reporting filter. grpc_arg new_arg = grpc_channel_arg_string_create(GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME, "grpclb"); static const char *args_to_remove[] = {GRPC_ARG_LB_POLICY_NAME}; glb_policy->args = grpc_channel_args_copy_and_add_and_remove( args->args, args_to_remove, GPR_ARRAY_SIZE(args_to_remove), &new_arg, 1); /* Create a client channel over them to communicate with a LB service */ glb_policy->response_generator = grpc_fake_resolver_response_generator_create(); grpc_channel_args *lb_channel_args = build_lb_channel_args( exec_ctx, addresses, glb_policy->response_generator, args->args); char *uri_str; gpr_asprintf(&uri_str, "fake:///%s", glb_policy->server_name); glb_policy->lb_channel = grpc_lb_policy_grpclb_create_lb_channel( exec_ctx, uri_str, args->client_channel_factory, lb_channel_args); /* Propagate initial resolution */ grpc_fake_resolver_response_generator_set_response( exec_ctx, glb_policy->response_generator, lb_channel_args); grpc_channel_args_destroy(exec_ctx, lb_channel_args); gpr_free(uri_str); if (glb_policy->lb_channel == NULL) { gpr_free((void *)glb_policy->server_name); grpc_channel_args_destroy(exec_ctx, glb_policy->args); gpr_free(glb_policy); return NULL; } GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&glb_policy->lb_channel_on_connectivity_changed, glb_lb_channel_on_connectivity_changed_cb, glb_policy, grpc_combiner_scheduler(args->combiner)); grpc_lb_policy_init(&glb_policy->base, &glb_lb_policy_vtable, args->combiner); grpc_connectivity_state_init(&glb_policy->state_tracker, GRPC_CHANNEL_IDLE, "grpclb"); return &glb_policy->base; } static void glb_destroy(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) { glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)pol; GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->pending_picks == NULL); GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->pending_pings == NULL); gpr_free((void *)glb_policy->server_name); grpc_channel_args_destroy(exec_ctx, glb_policy->args); if (glb_policy->client_stats != NULL) { grpc_grpclb_client_stats_unref(glb_policy->client_stats); } grpc_connectivity_state_destroy(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->state_tracker); if (glb_policy->serverlist != NULL) { grpc_grpclb_destroy_serverlist(glb_policy->serverlist); } grpc_fake_resolver_response_generator_unref(glb_policy->response_generator); if (glb_policy->pending_update_args != NULL) { grpc_channel_args_destroy(exec_ctx, glb_policy->pending_update_args->args); gpr_free(glb_policy->pending_update_args); } gpr_free(glb_policy); } static void glb_shutdown_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) { glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)pol; glb_policy->shutting_down = true; /* We need a copy of the lb_call pointer because we can't cancell the call * while holding glb_policy->mu: lb_on_server_status_received, invoked due to * the cancel, needs to acquire that same lock */ grpc_call *lb_call = glb_policy->lb_call; /* glb_policy->lb_call and this local lb_call must be consistent at this point * because glb_policy->lb_call is only assigned in lb_call_init_locked as part * of query_for_backends_locked, which can only be invoked while * glb_policy->shutting_down is false. */ if (lb_call != NULL) { grpc_call_cancel(lb_call, NULL); /* lb_on_server_status_received will pick up the cancel and clean up */ } if (glb_policy->retry_timer_active) { grpc_timer_cancel(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->lb_call_retry_timer); glb_policy->retry_timer_active = false; } pending_pick *pp = glb_policy->pending_picks; glb_policy->pending_picks = NULL; pending_ping *pping = glb_policy->pending_pings; glb_policy->pending_pings = NULL; if (glb_policy->rr_policy) { GRPC_LB_POLICY_UNREF(exec_ctx, glb_policy->rr_policy, "glb_shutdown"); } // We destroy the LB channel here because // glb_lb_channel_on_connectivity_changed_cb needs a valid glb_policy // instance. Destroying the lb channel in glb_destroy would likely result in // a callback invocation without a valid glb_policy arg. if (glb_policy->lb_channel != NULL) { grpc_channel_destroy(glb_policy->lb_channel); glb_policy->lb_channel = NULL; } grpc_connectivity_state_set( exec_ctx, &glb_policy->state_tracker, GRPC_CHANNEL_SHUTDOWN, GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING("Channel Shutdown"), "glb_shutdown"); while (pp != NULL) { pending_pick *next = pp->next; *pp->target = NULL; GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(exec_ctx, &pp->wrapped_on_complete_arg.wrapper_closure, GRPC_ERROR_NONE); pp = next; } while (pping != NULL) { pending_ping *next = pping->next; GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(exec_ctx, &pping->wrapped_notify_arg.wrapper_closure, GRPC_ERROR_NONE); pping = next; } } static void glb_cancel_pick_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol, grpc_connected_subchannel **target, grpc_error *error) { glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)pol; pending_pick *pp = glb_policy->pending_picks; glb_policy->pending_picks = NULL; while (pp != NULL) { pending_pick *next = pp->next; if (pp->target == target) { *target = NULL; GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(exec_ctx, &pp->wrapped_on_complete_arg.wrapper_closure, GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_STATIC_STRING( "Pick Cancelled", &error, 1)); } else { pp->next = glb_policy->pending_picks; glb_policy->pending_picks = pp; } pp = next; } GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error); } static void glb_cancel_picks_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol, uint32_t initial_metadata_flags_mask, uint32_t initial_metadata_flags_eq, grpc_error *error) { glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)pol; pending_pick *pp = glb_policy->pending_picks; glb_policy->pending_picks = NULL; while (pp != NULL) { pending_pick *next = pp->next; if ((pp->pick_args.initial_metadata_flags & initial_metadata_flags_mask) == initial_metadata_flags_eq) { GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(exec_ctx, &pp->wrapped_on_complete_arg.wrapper_closure, GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING_FROM_STATIC_STRING( "Pick Cancelled", &error, 1)); } else { pp->next = glb_policy->pending_picks; glb_policy->pending_picks = pp; } pp = next; } GRPC_ERROR_UNREF(error); } static void query_for_backends_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, glb_lb_policy *glb_policy); static void start_picking_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, glb_lb_policy *glb_policy) { glb_policy->started_picking = true; gpr_backoff_reset(&glb_policy->lb_call_backoff_state); query_for_backends_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy); } static void glb_exit_idle_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol) { glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)pol; if (!glb_policy->started_picking) { start_picking_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy); } } static int glb_pick_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol, const grpc_lb_policy_pick_args *pick_args, grpc_connected_subchannel **target, grpc_call_context_element *context, void **user_data, grpc_closure *on_complete) { if (pick_args->lb_token_mdelem_storage == NULL) { *target = NULL; GRPC_CLOSURE_SCHED(exec_ctx, on_complete, GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_FROM_STATIC_STRING( "No mdelem storage for the LB token. Load reporting " "won't work without it. Failing")); return 0; } glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)pol; bool pick_done; if (glb_policy->rr_policy != NULL) { if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) { gpr_log(GPR_INFO, "grpclb %p about to PICK from RR %p", (void *)glb_policy, (void *)glb_policy->rr_policy); } GRPC_LB_POLICY_REF(glb_policy->rr_policy, "glb_pick"); wrapped_rr_closure_arg *wc_arg = gpr_zalloc(sizeof(wrapped_rr_closure_arg)); GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&wc_arg->wrapper_closure, wrapped_rr_closure, wc_arg, grpc_schedule_on_exec_ctx); wc_arg->rr_policy = glb_policy->rr_policy; wc_arg->target = target; wc_arg->context = context; GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->client_stats != NULL); wc_arg->client_stats = grpc_grpclb_client_stats_ref(glb_policy->client_stats); wc_arg->wrapped_closure = on_complete; wc_arg->lb_token_mdelem_storage = pick_args->lb_token_mdelem_storage; wc_arg->initial_metadata = pick_args->initial_metadata; wc_arg->free_when_done = wc_arg; pick_done = pick_from_internal_rr_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy, pick_args, false /* force_async */, target, wc_arg); } else { if (GRPC_TRACER_ON(grpc_lb_glb_trace)) { gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "No RR policy in grpclb instance %p. Adding to grpclb's pending " "picks", (void *)(glb_policy)); } add_pending_pick(&glb_policy->pending_picks, pick_args, target, context, on_complete); if (!glb_policy->started_picking) { start_picking_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy); } pick_done = false; } return pick_done; } static grpc_connectivity_state glb_check_connectivity_locked( grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol, grpc_error **connectivity_error) { glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)pol; return grpc_connectivity_state_get(&glb_policy->state_tracker, connectivity_error); } static void glb_ping_one_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol, grpc_closure *closure) { glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)pol; if (glb_policy->rr_policy) { grpc_lb_policy_ping_one_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy->rr_policy, closure); } else { add_pending_ping(&glb_policy->pending_pings, closure); if (!glb_policy->started_picking) { start_picking_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy); } } } static void glb_notify_on_state_change_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_lb_policy *pol, grpc_connectivity_state *current, grpc_closure *notify) { glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = (glb_lb_policy *)pol; grpc_connectivity_state_notify_on_state_change( exec_ctx, &glb_policy->state_tracker, current, notify); } static void send_client_load_report_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, grpc_error *error); static void schedule_next_client_load_report(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, glb_lb_policy *glb_policy) { const gpr_timespec now = gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC); const gpr_timespec next_client_load_report_time = gpr_time_add(now, glb_policy->client_stats_report_interval); GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&glb_policy->client_load_report_closure, send_client_load_report_locked, glb_policy, grpc_combiner_scheduler(glb_policy->base.combiner)); grpc_timer_init(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->client_load_report_timer, next_client_load_report_time, &glb_policy->client_load_report_closure, now); } static void client_load_report_done_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, grpc_error *error) { glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = arg; grpc_byte_buffer_destroy(glb_policy->client_load_report_payload); glb_policy->client_load_report_payload = NULL; if (error != GRPC_ERROR_NONE || glb_policy->lb_call == NULL) { glb_policy->client_load_report_timer_pending = false; GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->base, "client_load_report"); return; } schedule_next_client_load_report(exec_ctx, glb_policy); } static void do_send_client_load_report_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, glb_lb_policy *glb_policy) { grpc_op op; memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op)); op.op = GRPC_OP_SEND_MESSAGE; op.data.send_message.send_message = glb_policy->client_load_report_payload; GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&glb_policy->client_load_report_closure, client_load_report_done_locked, glb_policy, grpc_combiner_scheduler(glb_policy->base.combiner)); grpc_call_error call_error = grpc_call_start_batch_and_execute( exec_ctx, glb_policy->lb_call, &op, 1, &glb_policy->client_load_report_closure); GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_CALL_OK == call_error); } static bool load_report_counters_are_zero(grpc_grpclb_request *request) { return request->client_stats.num_calls_started == 0 && request->client_stats.num_calls_finished == 0 && request->client_stats.num_calls_finished_with_drop_for_rate_limiting == 0 && request->client_stats .num_calls_finished_with_drop_for_load_balancing == 0 && request->client_stats.num_calls_finished_with_client_failed_to_send == 0 && request->client_stats.num_calls_finished_known_received == 0; } static void send_client_load_report_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, grpc_error *error) { glb_lb_policy *glb_policy = arg; if (error == GRPC_ERROR_CANCELLED || glb_policy->lb_call == NULL) { glb_policy->client_load_report_timer_pending = false; GRPC_LB_POLICY_WEAK_UNREF(exec_ctx, &glb_policy->base, "client_load_report"); return; } // Construct message payload. GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->client_load_report_payload == NULL); grpc_grpclb_request *request = grpc_grpclb_load_report_request_create(glb_policy->client_stats); // Skip client load report if the counters were all zero in the last // report and they are still zero in this one. if (load_report_counters_are_zero(request)) { if (glb_policy->last_client_load_report_counters_were_zero) { grpc_grpclb_request_destroy(request); schedule_next_client_load_report(exec_ctx, glb_policy); return; } glb_policy->last_client_load_report_counters_were_zero = true; } else { glb_policy->last_client_load_report_counters_were_zero = false; } grpc_slice request_payload_slice = grpc_grpclb_request_encode(request); glb_policy->client_load_report_payload = grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(&request_payload_slice, 1); grpc_slice_unref_internal(exec_ctx, request_payload_slice); grpc_grpclb_request_destroy(request); // If we've already sent the initial request, then we can go ahead and // sent the load report. Otherwise, we need to wait until the initial // request has been sent to send this // (see lb_on_sent_initial_request_locked() below). if (glb_policy->initial_request_sent) { do_send_client_load_report_locked(exec_ctx, glb_policy); } } static void lb_on_sent_initial_request_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, grpc_error *error); static void lb_on_server_status_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, grpc_error *error); static void lb_on_response_received_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, void *arg, grpc_error *error); static void lb_call_init_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, glb_lb_policy *glb_policy) { GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->server_name != NULL); GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->server_name[0] != '\0'); GPR_ASSERT(glb_policy->lb_call == NULL); GPR_ASSERT(!glb_policy->shutting_down); /* Note the following LB call progresses every time there's activity in \a * glb_policy->base.interested_parties, which is comprised of the polling * entities from \a client_channel. */ grpc_slice host = grpc_slice_from_copied_string(glb_policy->server_name); gpr_timespec deadline = glb_policy->lb_call_timeout_ms == 0 ? gpr_inf_future(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC) : gpr_time_add(gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC), gpr_time_from_millis(glb_policy->lb_call_timeout_ms, GPR_TIMESPAN)); glb_policy->lb_call = grpc_channel_create_pollset_set_call( exec_ctx, glb_policy->lb_channel, NULL, GRPC_PROPAGATE_DEFAULTS, glb_policy->base.interested_parties, GRPC_MDSTR_SLASH_GRPC_DOT_LB_DOT_V1_DOT_LOADBALANCER_SLASH_BALANCELOAD, &host, deadline, NULL); grpc_slice_unref_internal(exec_ctx, host); if (glb_policy->client_stats != NULL) { grpc_grpclb_client_stats_unref(glb_policy->client_stats); } glb_policy->client_stats = grpc_grpclb_client_stats_create(); grpc_metadata_array_init(&glb_policy->lb_initial_metadata_recv); grpc_metadata_array_init(&glb_policy->lb_trailing_metadata_recv); grpc_grpclb_request *request = grpc_grpclb_request_create(glb_policy->server_name); grpc_slice request_payload_slice = grpc_grpclb_request_encode(request); glb_policy->lb_request_payload = grpc_raw_byte_buffer_create(&request_payload_slice, 1); grpc_slice_unref_internal(exec_ctx, request_payload_slice); grpc_grpclb_request_destroy(request); GRPC_CLOSURE_INIT(&glb_policy->lb_on_sent_initial_request, lb_on_sent_initial_request_locked, glb_policy, grpc_combiner_scheduler(glb_policy->base.combiner));

the written sources give an accurate date, and at that time there was a 12 day difference between the European calendar and that in use in Crete.) One of the immediate triggers for the European intervention in Crete was the rioting, looting and arson that broke out in Canea, the then capital, on 6th February 1897. European levels of alarm were further raised when that evening, Cretan Christian insurrectionists cut the Suda/Canea road and occupied the Akrotiri peninsula to the east of the town. The rioting in Canea, instigated by Cretan Muslims, was, as far as the European Powers were concerned, a further symptom of the breakdown of law-and-order on the island. Such inter-communal unrest had been growing over the previous months as the Cretan Christian insurrection spread, one result of which being the mass movement of Cretan Muslims from the countryside into the towns and the movement of Cretan Christians in the opposite direction. This movement of people, essentially ethnic cleansing, had resulted on more than one occasion in the massacre of civilians. Sarakina Monument. On the left-hand side of the road from Paleochora, south west Crete, to Sarakina, about 2.5km before the village of Sarakina itself, is a small marble plaque set on a concrete plinth and set up by the Community of Sarakina in 1986. Sarakina Monument Closeup. The English translation of the plaque reads: 'In January 1897 in this area of Sarakina a major battle was fought between Turks and Christians that resulted in 150 Turks being killed.' This brief description however, though superficially accurate, hides the nature of the battle and the events that lead up to it. By early 1897, the collapse of Ottoman authority and the realisation that Ottoman rule of the island was coming to an end resulted in an increase in inter-communal violence between Cretan Muslims and Cretan Christians throughout the Selino District and many Cretan Muslims, including those of Sarakina, then a predominantly Muslim village, sought refuge in the major towns. According to the account given by the British Consul in Chania, Sir Alfred Biliotti, to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, an account based on his interviews with survivors and eyewitnesses of both religions[1], in late January/early February 1897, the date is unclear in Biliotti's report, as tensions between the two religious groups in Selinos grew, the inhabitants of the isolates and mainly Muslim village of Sarakina decided to emigrate. However, they were persuaded to remain for a time in their village by the local Christian leaders. A few days later the "…Dimarchi and Notable Christians of their commune," told the Muslims it would be prudent for them to retire to Paleochora and that they would be convoyed there with a Cretan Christian escort to prevent them from being molested en-route. The Cretan Muslims, numbering 159 according to Biliotti, were placed in between two groups of Christians, each of about 200 men, and started the march to Paleochora. About half an hour out from Sarakina, a shot was fired in the rear of the column, apparently the result of a scuffle breaking out when one of the Muslims refused to surrender his firearm. This shot was immediately followed by "…a general discharge of firearms on the Musselman emigrants." Of the 159 Muslims who started, only 44 arrived safely in Paleochora and some of these reported to Biliotti that following the firing, all the wounded men and some of the small children were murdered and four Muslim women from Sarakina had apparently been forcibly taken to a Christian village. Biliotti reports that the massacre was "…deeply deplored by the (Christian) Chiefs and others" but, significantly in the light of his previously highly detailed reports of atrocities committed by both Muslims and Christians throughout the island, makes no mention of any Christian dead or wounded. Biliotti went on to say that '…As soon as the news of the massacre were known at Selinos Castelli (Paleochora), twelve Christians, amongst whom a woman and child, residing there, were murdered.' What appears to be the memorial to one such Christian is situated in a graveyard in Paleochora. Paleochora Gravestone 1897. Here lies Artemios Opsimakis. 27 years old. Murdered in Paleochora by the Turks. 27th January 1897. (n.b. Assuming that this inscription, or its original, was made at the time, the date in European style would be 8th February.) Reports of the Sarakina massacre reached England also from the unnamed Times correspondent in Chania. He describes interviewing a survivor on 21st February in a military hospital in Canea, and confirming Biliotti's report that the Muslims had been offered safe conduct to the sea by the Christians, adding that they did so in exchange for some Christian hostages held in Paleochora.[2] His informant claimed that they were attacked by their guards and by other Christians who appeared from the mountains and that of the 154 Cretan Muslims who started the trek, only 48 escaped of whom 25 were wounded: the informant further alleged that two of his children had been beheaded. Another view of the incident is given in a book, written about 1996, currently on sale in Paleochora. This states that the 'famous battle of Sarakina' was caused when 'one of the Christians courageously asked for a gun held in quite a provocative way by a Turkish child (and) when the child did not respond to his demand, killed it.' The book further argues that the reason for the attack "…was not merely revenge but also the gathering of loot in order to meet basic needs." [3] In contrast to the punishments handed down after 6th September 1897 for the murder of British servicemen and subjects in Candia, no real effort was made to address the issue of either the massacres perpetrated by Christians immediately prior to the arrival of the Concert forces, or the murders of Christians committed by Muslims on 6th September. The British were '…far less concerned with the punishment of those found guilty of crimes against humanity than with retribution upon those who had attacked the British forces which had been performing their duties as instructed'.[4] In the case of atrocities committed against Muslims in the countryside prior to the Admirals taking de facto control of the island, while Biliotti made strenuous efforts to record the victims and to try to start the process of getting justice, albeit within the context of persuading Muslims to return to their homes in the countryside,[5] no enthusiasm was shown by any of the Powers for following the matter up. While legally punishment of these crimes was the responsibility of the Ottoman authorities, unsurprisingly, it is clear that there was no appetite among the Powers to re-open old wounds. In the initial stages of the Intervention, at least up until early 1899 when Christian disarmament became a reality, Christian insurgents, among whom were undoubtedly some, if not all, of the criminals, were in complete charge of the countryside; as a consequence, neither the Ottomans nor the Powers were in a position to enforce their own, or any other, law. With the arrival of Prince George, the Powers were happy to divest themselves of the responsibility; matters were now in the hands of the High Commissioner and the Cretan Assembly and it was up to them to take appropriate action. Similarly, while not pursuing the murderers of Muslims, the pursuit of Muslims who murdered Christians was quietly dropped; the International Military Commission in Canea had, at the request of the Russian Government, ceased to apply the death penalty after execution of two murderers on 23rd November 1898.[6] [1] House of Commons Command Paper (1897) [C.8437] Turkey #10, Inclosure No.249. Bilotti to Marquis of Salisbury (Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs) 22 February 1897. [2] The Times Monday 22 February 1897. [3] Pyrovolakis N. (1996?) Self published.

The Times Literary Supplement in the Years of Anonymous Reviewing 1902-1974: 1939-1945 Deborah McVea and Jeremy Treglown | University of Warwick Perhaps The Times Literary Supplement should have been renamed Survival, the title of the fictional wartime literary magazine in Evelyn Waugh's Sword of Honour trilogy. The outbreak of war helped the previously struggling journal in various ways. Paper shortages necessitated restrictions in the size of daily newspapers, forcing them to reduce space for book reviews and to turn away a proportion of their advertising. Publishers consequently bought more space in the Supplement. Meanwhile, literature in general found a growing market among a population forced to sit around in barracks and air-raid shelters, often with little to do but read books and magazines. In these circumstances, D.L. Murray's more populist editorial approach began to pay off, bringing the paper a new audience. Meanwhile, some smaller literary periodicals which had previously represented competition, if only at the margins, closed down under the various pressures of the time: among them the Bookman, the London Mercury, T.S. Eliot's Criterion, and Geoffrey Grigson's New Verse. On 2 September 1939, a TLS editorial declared a new agenda: "to man the strongholds of the mind. Against the poisoning of human relationships, we oppose [i.e., we set up as a form of opposition] the spirit of Europe". One form taken by this opposition was increased coverage of such foreign books as could be obtained, especially, until they stopped appearing, books from European countries threatened by Nazism. The, reviewers too, were more international: during the war, no less than 12% of new contributors were originally from outside Britain, as compared with 2% in earlier years. Murray also broadened the editorial scope by publishing more poetry and a little fiction. Here, too, he looked beyond Britain, printing a poem by Antonin Slonimski, for example, and translations by Frances Cornford and John Lehmann of other foreign work. Among English poets, Vita Sackville-West and Edith Sitwell were frequent contributors. It was the TLS that first published work by Dirk Bogarde, then an aspiring poet, as well as H.E. Bates's story The Bell (under his pseudonym of "Flying Officer X"), Alun Lewis's poem Raiders' Dawn and, posthumously, two poems by Keith Douglas. Another of the TLS's poets was its future editor Alan Pryce-Jones, then serving in the army. The young John Buxton, later an authority on Elizabethan culture and the biographer of Sir Philip Sidney, sent poems from Oflag VII B, where he spent most of the war as a prisoner. Cheques in payment, resonantly, for three guineas, were sent to his wife. The more traditional articles and reviews showed impressive confidence about the post-war future of Europe, including possibilities for democratic unification. In May 1940, a Times leader-writer, Dermot Morrah, wrote a sympathetic piece for the Supplement on William Beveridge's pamphlet Peace by Federation? and this apparently quixotic optimism was apparent again in a special issue celebrating the paper's 2,000th issue, which appeared on 1 June 1940, within days of the retreat from Dunkirk. Under the sub-heading, "Germany's Place in the New Europe", E.H. Carr reviewed a book on French War Aims by Denis Saurat, director of the French Institute in London. "M. Saurat assumes as his starting-point that Western and Central Europe must somehow be welded into a single Europe", Carr wrote. "The Germans are trying to do this in their way. We must do it in a way which we believe to be better than theirs". In the titles of both books and reviews, a new key word was "planning": "Planning for Freedom", planning the war, planning the second front, planning the victory, the peace, the future, planning for Africa or for Plymouth or for the theatre. On 6 September 1941, three months before Pearl Harbor finally brought the United States into the war, a special issue appeared, entitled "England Looks to the Future". A strong woodcut on the front page depicts a woman holding the hands of a departing man, against the background of a storm-lashed coast. Inside, Edith Sitwell's poem "Still Falls the Rain" was published for the first time, along with resolute analyses of books on the links between England and Russia and the future of Anglo-American relations, as well as of other more or less undisguisedly propagandist works by established literary figures, War in the Air, by David Garnett, for example, and Margery Allingham's The Oaken Heart, an account of English village life aimed at stirring nostalgia in American readers. The main piece, though, was by J.B. Priestley, prophesying a post-war future in which "England will.be the eastern outpost of a new oceanic English-speaking power. [in] a democratic pioneering kind of world, creative rather than subtly appreciative. It will be rough-and-ready rather than smooth and finished. Its culture will rest on a broader base". Much of what is anticipated here sounds like an idealised extension of Priestley himself but it proved none the less accurate for that. He hastened to reassure TLS readers that he was not looking forward to "an orgy of 'proletarian' literature with hymns to concrete mixers". On the contrary, he hoped that "it may well be a far more deeply philosophical culture". Whatever form this vaguely-imagined philosophicality might have taken, he was confident that it would belong to "a better world than the one that is currently being blown to pieces". Priestley's piece was signed: an increasingly common occurrence in Murray's TLS. 24% of new contributors in this period were credited by name at least once. Another humanising element, albeit one forced by melancholy necessity, was the regular appearance of obituaries. And a "News & Notes" section was compiled by Arthur Crook, a printer's son who had joined The Times as a clerk in the 1920s, soon moved to the Literary Supplement and was eventually to become editor. From these pieces readers learned, for example, that royalties in the English translation of Mein Kampf were being diverted to the Red Cross; that the Germans had destroyed Tolstoy's house but that, alas, the flattening of the house in Lübeck which Thomas Mann used in Buddenbrooks was caused by the RAF. The section also carried information about the literary work of exiled Europeans in England: new foreign-language publications such as Poètes Casques, an anthology of poems by French soldiers; or a scholarship scheme offered by PEN to potential translators of Polish literary works into English. There were regular reports of the effects of anti-Semitism, not least in literature and scholarship, for example, the fact that the Nazi Party Commission of Examination for the Defence of National-Socialist Writing required authors to separate work by Jewish and Aryan authors in their bibliographies. In May 1942, it was reported that in Croatia, the Czech propaganda board had conferred what the TLS wryly called "the honour of the index" on writers including Karel Capek, Sigmund Freud, Maxim Gorki, Sinclair Lewis, Upton Sinclair, André Maurois and Emile Zola. Censorship wasn't, of course, confined to the Axis powers, and the TLS took a stern line with publications thought likely to harm the war effort. John Middleton Murry was eventually dropped as a reviewer because of his pacifism. The paper was quick, too, to put Lord David Cecil in his place when, in its own columns, he criticised the domination of the wartime book trade by political subjects and complained of a decline in what he called "real" literature - a debate which touched many of the arts at the time. Cecil made a claim of art-for-art's-sake, even when: those who still defend the artist's right to live in his ivory tower.[know] he may at any moment be bombed out of it. A man is admired who escapes from a German prison camp. Why should he be blamed for

process, that makes it convenient to switch between cloud environments or providers whenever necessary. • Replicated Test Environments – Using containers makes it very simple to create multiple copies of your application stacks and configurations, which can then be used by DevOps support teams, new hires, consultants, and partners. And again, any experiments done on a container is isolated, ensuring that the application is protected. • Safe and Accurate Experimentation – Testing in a QA environment means that whatever changes you make to any container will match whatever will be deployed in the application. • Resource Efficiency –Because containers don't need a separate operating system, they are much lighter on your resources (e.g. storage, RAM, CPU). And while a VM can take up gigabytes of storage, containers usually come in at only a few megabytes, thus making it possible to run several containers on a single server. And because each fleet of containers has a higher level of utilization relative to hardware, your organization can reduce its hardware and data center costs. • Superior Resource Sharing and Isolation – Again, while multiple containers can run on a single server and share its resources, each container is independent. If one crashes, other containers running the same application will chug along just fine. This also means the container system is more secure—if one container is infected by malware or hacked, its effect will be isolated to that one container. • Smooth Scalability – Container systems are easy to scale horizontally—it's simply a matter of adding more identical containers to a cluster to scale out throughput and capacity. Smart scaling also lets you run a certain number of containers only when needed, allowing you to maximize cost and efficiency. Conversely, you can remove containers during periods of low demand. Using orchestration tools like Kubernetes or Docker Swarm further simplifies scaling. • Redundancy – Running multiple identical containers allows you to build a redundant system into your application. If one container fails or is compromised by a breach or malware, the surviving containers, which have the same config files and libraries, can continue running the service. You can also program configuration management (CM) tools to automatically reschedule failed containers on the same host to restore full throughput and redundancy. Where Do Container Orchestrators Come In? If you have already switched to Linux containers, you are probably figuring out the process of running containers in production, which raises new issues not present during development. What you need is a solution that lets you manage all your containers. You need a container orchestration system. As the name suggests, an orchestrator is a system that lets you manage all the hardware and virtual machines your containers run on, much in the same a musical Conductor controls different groups in a music ensemble or orchestra. Among many other things, an orchestrator lets you control individual containers, launching them on the underlying machines in your infrastructure, ensuring their proper distribution, and monitoring their health. Which Container Orchestration Solution is Best for Your Infrastructure? If you are managing several containers, or plan on launching implement multiple containers in your IT infrastructure, you might be surprised at the sheer variety of container orchestration solutions on the market. You have tools from big names like Microsoft and Amazon, as well as open-source (but just as capable) solutions from smaller players like Docker and Kubernetes. Most of these orchestration tools will offer features such as, but not limited to: • Container provisioning • Discovery and lunching • System monitoring • Crash recovery • Declarative system configuration • Container performance and placement management Of course, not all orchestration tools are created equal. It is not so much that some orchestrators are better than others, but more about the fact that certain orchestration solutions have certain strengths and specific features that may or may not be relevant to your organization. Listed below are a few of the most popular orchestration solutions on the market right now. 1. Docker Swarm Docker Swarm is Docker's proprietary solution designed for orchestration and cluster management, rolled into the main Docker Engine as "swarm mode" in 2016. Swarm essentially lets users take clusters of Docker hosts and lump them together into one virtual system or host Docker calls a "swarm," which in itself consists of one or more manager and worker Docker nodes. • Manager nodes – Typically handles orchestration and cluster management • Worker nodes – Launching of tasks instructed by manager nodes Docker Swarm allows applications to be replicated, updated, and deployed as services, all while giving sysadmins the ability to increase or decrease container iterations to adapt to changes in computer demands. Users can interface directly with the Docker API, which gives them access to Docker Tools and the Docker command line, which are used for container deployments. According to Docker, Swarm is capable of running up to 30,000 containers at the same time, and clusters with up to 1,000 nodes without breaking a sweat. What Makes Swarm Special? One of Swarm's most notable benefits is just how easy it is to set up and run. If your DevOps teams are already working with Docker containers, it's as easy as dropping the solution into your Docker environment. The Swarm school of thought can be broken down into four principles: • A user experience so simple that it "just works" • A reliable 0 single-point -of -failure architecture • Superior security by default • Backwards compatibility One or more of these principles manifest themselves in Swarm's Unix-like approach of doing one thing once and getting it right the first around—although this is a feature Docker claims is baked into their all their services (i.e. Docker, Docker, composes, and Docker machine). The Docker Swarm cluster—which consists of Swarm Nodes, Swarm Manager, and Swarm Discover backed–also supports a wide variety of service discovery options, such as Consul, etc, Token, and zookeeper. 2. Kubernetes No discussion of container orchestrators is complete without mentioning Kubernetes, widely thought to be Docker Swarm's closest competitor and the most popular container orchestration tool out there. Designed by Google, Kubernetes is an open-source platform that orchestrates the deployment, management, and scaling of containerized applications. Kubernetes' major components include: • Cluster – Composed of nodes that run the configuration of resources used by the Kuberenetes infrastructure to run applications•Nodes – Container hosts that communicate with cluster services•Pods – Temporary groups of volumes and containers found on the same host. A group of containers in one pod can communicate with each other through localhost. • Labels – Tags assigned to containers that identify them as part of a pod • Replication controller – Schedules pods across the Kubernetes cluster Together, these components allow sysadmins to turn containers into a wide variety of applications. What Makes Kubernetes Special? Although sophisticated, Kubernetes is one of the more user-friendly container orchestration solutions on this list. The tool offers functionalities that lend themselves to availability, portability, scalability, and security. Additionally, Kubernetes is a tried-and-tested platform, backed by more than 15 years of experience gleaned from running Google production workloads. So, sysadmins can rest easy knowing that failure/s in container orchestration will not affect the performance or availability of the application. Still, on the subject of reliability, Kubernetes is endorsed by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) and boasts of a thriving community, with 1,200 contributors and over 50,000 commits. And finally, Kubernetes allows users to respond quickly to computer demands by scaling out, or conversely, scaling back, features. It gives you the freedom to choose operating systems, cloud platforms, container runtimes, and process architectures among others, all of which lets you improve performance by distributing workload across available resources. 3. Amazon ECS Amazon Elastic Container Services (ECS) prides itself for being a scalable and powerful container orchestration solution that lets users control, manage, and deploy Docker containers and run containerized applications on Amazon Web Services (AWS). If you're already on AWS, using ECS means you

A/C.2/52/SR.46 Original: French Fifty-second session Second Committee Summary record of the 46th meeting Held at Headquarters, New York, on Tuesday, 2 December 1997, at 10 a.m. Chairman: Mr. de Rojas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Venezuela) Agenda item 101: Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the occupied Palestinian territory, including Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources (continued) Draft resolution A/C.2/52/L.6/Rev.1: Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the occupied Palestinian territory, including Jerusalem, and of the Arab population of the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources 21. The Chairman said that Algeria and Mauritania had been omitted from the list of sponsors of the draft resolution and that Bahrain had also become a sponsor. 22. Mr. Abdellatif (Egypt) said that, in the second preambular paragraph of the draft resolution, in the Arabic text, the words "siyadah da'imah" at the end of the phrase should be deleted and the words "al-da'imah" should be inserted after "siyadah" at the beginning of the phrase, and the word "sha`b" should be in the plural ("shu`ub"). In the English text of the same paragraph, the word "people" should be replaced by "peoples". Since it had not been possible to reach a consensus in the informal consultations, the draft resolution would have to be put to the vote. 23. Mr. Kaid (Yemen) said that Brunei Darussalam had joined the sponsors of the draft resolution. 24. Mr. Ri (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) said that his country also wished to join the sponsors of the draft resolution. 25. Mr. Kerem (Israel), speaking in explanation of his that the fantastic stories which Scheherezade had told to the Caliph Harun al-Rashid over 1,001 nights would be echoed within the United Nations. 26. His delegation would, of course, vote against the draft resolution for several reasons. First, in the first preambular paragraph, the sponsors had attempted to anchor the draft resolution to Security Council resolution 242 (1967). That resolution had, however, been very carefully worded and, while it endorsed the principle of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force, it also stipulated that the withdrawal of Israeli forces should not prejudge the right of Israel to live within secure and recognized boundaries. The status and extent of the territories under discussion should be the subject of negotiations. With regard to the Palestinians, who did not exist as an entity in 1967, the negotiations were under way. It should also be remembered that there was an equally valid principle of international law which stated that territories taken in self-defence might be retained for as long as was necessary in order to prevent further aggression. He wondered why the draft resolution before the Committee did not give equal weight to those two principles. 27. With regard to the fourth Geneva Convention, it had been drafted in entirely different historical circumstances and was applicable only in territories which had initially been under the control of a legitimate sovereign, which was not the case with regard to the West Bank. Having said that, Israel did, in fact, apply the Convention in the territories. 28. The statement that the Israeli settlements had a detrimental impact on Palestinian natural resources was sheer nonsense. The current situation of the Palestinian resources was a result of the lack of Palestinian and Arab investment in the territories, the never-ending cycle of Palestinian terror and extremism, and the lack of political will on the part of the Palestinian Authority to impose its control over the extremist elements within its jurisdiction. It should not be forgotten that it was only since the intifadah that the process of developing the territories, which had previously been almost entirely positive, had been reversed. 29. Despite the difficulties facing the Middle East peace process, considerable progress had been made, including the agreements with Egypt and Jordan and the two agreements with the Palestinians. The principle of "land for peace" mentioned in the last preambular paragraph was a pure figment of the Arab imagination; it did not appear in any of the documents agreed upon by the two sides. Moreover, if the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip had not been implemented, as indicated in that same paragraph, it was because the timetable for implementation had been upset by the Palestinians' failure to carry out their undertakings concerning terrorism and the guarantees of security contained in that Agreement. Moreover, it should also be remembered that the deadline for implementation had not yet expired. 30. With regard to the operative paragraphs, it was clear that, while a people could contend that it had rights over its natural resources, it did not have inalienable rights over the resources of others. The Syrians found it convenient to forget their attempts to divert the headwaters of the Jordan so that Israel would be denied the downstream use of those waters. Riparian rights were a matter for agreement between the parties concerned and not for a declaration adopted by a committee. He wondered what Germany or the Netherlands, for example, would say if Switzerland interfered to divert the headwaters of the Rhine. 31. The inclusion of Jerusalem once again in the "occupied" Palestinian territory was merely a further attempt to create facts by way of a declaration. Jerusalem had never been the capital of an Arab State and any attempt to redivide the city could only lead to disaster. If the Palestinian people had a right to claim restitution of the territories, that right should, of course, be balanced by the right of the Jewish people to claim restitution and compensation for property abandoned by Jews living in the Arab countries and Judea and Samaria prior to 1948. 32. The draft resolution was a political resolution designed (Islamic Republic of), Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, to serve the interests of an observer delegation and to Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao prejudge the outcome of negotiations to the detriment of one People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Libyan Arab side, Israel. It should have no place in the Second Committee. Jamahiriya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The subject should be sent back to the General Assembly and Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, the Second Committee should cease to serve as an Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, unquestioning rubber stamp for such resolutions. Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, 33. Mr. Winnick (United States of America) expressed his delegation's firm opposition to draft resolution A/C.2/52/L.6/Rev.1, which presented insurmountable problems. First, it brought the General Assembly into the direct negotiations between the parties and prejudged the outcome of those negotiations. His delegation rejected the one-sided language of the draft resolution, in particular the term "sovereignty". Second, it would continue to oppose the use of the phrase "the occupied Palestinian territory, including Jerusalem". The references to Jerusalem were unacceptable. They had nothing to do with issues of sovereignty and inappropriately prejudged the political arrangements concerning the territories, which could only be determined in the framework of direct negotiations between the parties. 34. His delegation shared the hope, expressed in paragraph 4 of the draft resolution, that the issues would be dealt with in the framework of the final status negotiation between the Palestinian and Israeli sides. It regretted that the sponsors had not taken that prescription to heart. Consequently, his delegation would vote against the draft resolution and urged other delegations to do the same. 35. Mr. Zoubi (Jordan) noted that, contrary to what the representative of Israel had said, Scheherezade had not told the story of the Thousand and One Nights to the caliph Harun al-Hashid but to the caliph Shahriyar. That historical error gave some idea of the validity of the rest of the statement

being a totality that a composer conceives, interpreters perform, and listeners are intended to experience in full like, say, the Robert Schumann Piano Concerto. Interpretations of the Schumann might differ and listeners might focus on different things at different times, but it is intended to be experienced as a graspable totality, and a closed system. Whereas creating a musical paradigm where you can never experience it all is more open-ended, it's more like life itself since we can never fully experience everything that's going on around us. But I have to confess that as a listener I'm very omnivorous and voracious so it's kind of frustrating, because I do want to hear it all! Compositions are more or less instructions, but I'm not going to presume that they're going to do it exactly the same way every time. CB: Sorry! I think that's part of the Cage legacy, too. You don't expect to have it all and what you have is a lot. Everybody in that Schumann Piano Concerto is hearing something slightly different, too, but there's this idea somehow that this is an object that's self-contained. It's actually an instruction for a ritual that sounds different every time it's done. But I think the ritual aspect of making music is something that really interests me and I would hate to be without it. Compositions are more or less instructions for what they should do, but I'm not going to presume that they're going to do it exactly the same way every time. Maybe some of them think they do, but I don't think performing artists do that really. It's mostly about making something that's appropriate to the moment even if it's coming from something that's entirely determined in its tonal and rhythmic structure. That to me is what makes live music always more interesting than fixed media music. It's actually not an object. It's not something that doesn't change as a result of being performed. Of course, fixed media depends on how it's projected. FJO: Perhaps an extreme example of that would be the kinds of work that you do as part of the Hub—electronic music created in real time by a group of people who are physically separated from each other yet all networked together but it's really there's no centralized control and that's kind of part of the point of it. CB: That's right. The idea is to set up the composition process, if you can call it that. It's not really the same as composing, but it's a designing. You're designing a system that you believe will be an interesting one for these automated instruments to interact inside of. What we do is usually a specification; each piece has verbal instructions about how to design a system to interact with the other systems. Then we get it together and get them working and they start making the sound of that piece which is never the same exactly, but it's always recognizable to us as the piece that it is, because it's a behavior. I would say within our group we get used to the kinds of sounds that everybody chooses to use to play their role in the piece, so it starts to get an ad hoc like personality from those personal choices that each person makes. An excerpt of a networked computer performance by John Bischoff, Chris Brown and Tim Perkis (co-founders of the legendary computer network band The Hub) from the Active Music Series in Oakland's Duende, February 2014. FJO: In terms of focusing listening, and perhaps you'll debate this with me, it seems that, as listeners, we're trained to focus on a text when a piece has a text. If someone's singing words, those words become the focal point. I hadn't heard much music of yours featuring a text, but I did hear your new Jackson Mac Low song cycle the other night. CB: I don't write a lot of songs, but when I do I find it's usually a pleasure to work with a pre-set structure that you admire; it's like you're dressing up what's already there rather than having to decide where it goes next. Of course, you're making decisions—like what is this going to be, is it going to be different, how is going to be different, how is it going to be the same?—but it's nice to have that kind of foundation to build on. It's like collaboration. FJO: I thought it was beautiful, and I thought Theresa Wong's voice was gorgeous. It was exquisite to hear those intervals sung in a pure tone and her diction was perfect, which was even more amazing since she was simultaneously playing the cello. But, at the same time, the Stone has weird acoustics. It's a great place, but it's a hole in the wall that isn't really thought out in terms of sound design so it was obviously beyond your control. I was sitting in the second row and I know Jackson Mac Low's poems. So when I focused in, I could hear every word she was pronouncing. But I still couldn't quite hear the words clearly, as opposed to the vocals on Music of the Lost Cities where I heard every word, since obviously, in post-production, you can change the levels. But it made me wonder, especially since you have this idea of a listener getting lost in the maze of what's going on, how important is it for you that the words are comprehensible? Music of the Lost Cities from Johanna Poethig on Vimeo. CB: Maybe it's just me, but even in the best of circumstances, I have trouble getting all the words in songs that are staged. Maybe it's because I'm listening as a composer, so I'm always more drawn to the totality than I am just to the words. Most regular people who are into music mostly through song are very wrapped up in the words. But I'm not sure Mac Low's words work that way anyway. I think they are musical and they are kind of ephemeral in the way that they glow at different points. And if you don't get every one of them, in terms of what its meaning is, it's not surprising. It's kind of a musical and sonorous object of its own. So I guess I'm not exceptionally worried about that, although in the recording, I probably do want a better projection of that part of the music than what happened at the Stone. I was sitting behind her and I was not hearing exactly what the balance is. In the Stone, there are two speakers that are not ideally set up for the audience, so it's not always there the way exactly you want it to be. FJO: So is this song cycle going to be on the next recording you do? Most regular people who are into music mostly through song are very wrapped up in the words. CB: I hope we're going to record it this summer, actually. It'll be a chance to get everything exactly right. I'm very pleased that people are recognizing the purity of these chords that are being generated through the group, but there hasn't been a perfect performance yet. Maybe there never will be. But the recording will get closer than any other one will, and that'll be nice to hear, too. FJO: It's like the recording project of all the Ben Johnston string quartets that finally got done. For the 7th quartet, which was over a thousand different intervals, they were tuning to intervals they heard on headphones and using click tracks in order to be able to do it. And they recorded sections at a time and then patched it all together. Who knows if any

traveler must adjust for health issues, limited mobility or stamina, and take steps to avoid ailments like jet lag, motion sickness and DVT. For older adults who want to travel, or for younger adults who wish to travel with them, the key is thorough, needs-specific research and planning. How much walking or stair climbing is on the itinerary? Can wheelchairs be used? Does the hotel have an elevator? Will there be time to rest or nonstop activities? Will restaurants be able to meet dietary restrictions? Are trustworthy medical services available? Even a seemingly unremarkable situation can make a trip difficult and less enjoyable, said Michael Zimring, MD, director of the Center for Wilderness and Travel Medicine at Mercy Medical Center in Baltimore. On a recent trip to San Miguel de Allende in Mexico, Zimring saw how cobblestones and narrow sidewalks turned a simple walking tour into a hair-raising ride for an older man in a wheelchair who was in his tour group. "Older travelers really need to prepare," he said. "The last thing you need is to be stuck in an airport because you didn't bring the right documents for your medical syringe, or stranded in a foreign country without an adequate supply of an essential medication." Traveling in the Face of Ableism Older travelers must also confront ableism—the tendency of airlines, hotels or other providers to overlook the needs of individuals with disabilities. Large hotel chains in the United States comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA); smaller hotels, both at home and in other countries, often are not held to similar standards. In some cities overseas, taxis that can accommodate wheelchairs are virtually nonexistent. Often, ableism shows up as overlooked obstacles that are unintentional or careless, according to Debra Kerper, owner of Easy Access Travel, a Dallas-based agency that caters to older travelers and people with disabilities. She recommends using Google—her favorite travel tool—to find a travel agent or tour operator experienced in serving people with physical limitations. "A tour guide without that specialized experience is not going to look for curb cuts or notice seemingly small obstacles that are almost impossible to navigate on a scooter," she said. If you're going overseas, find out what immunizations you'll need and have those shots at least six weeks before you set out. Kerper prechecks each itinerary herself or contracts with local guides who've already led disabled travelers on the route. An inexperienced guide might assume that a restaurant with a wheelchair ramp and wide aisles is accessible, not noticing that the only bathroom requires descending a flight of stairs. A cruise ship might be designed for accessibility, but if the ship anchors and passengers are tendered (transferred from ship to shore via a smaller boat), travelers with limited mobility might be unable to join the excursion. Kerper, 68, knows what she's talking about, firsthand. She is a double amputee with a variety of medical conditions, including lupus; she travels along on all of the trips she organizes. Some of her clients have severe disabilities, but she says travel can be almost as challenging for people with "hidden disabilities," such as a person with diabetes who must stop often to check blood-sugar levels or a person with a bad back who can't sit still for long periods. Preparation is the best medicine. Preparing for Medical Situations One of the most important considerations is the availability of trustworthy medical care. An emergency easily handled at home could turn into a costly nightmare in an unfamiliar city, Zimring said. A hospital outside the United States may refuse to provide service unless the patient pays up front, in cash. And remote areas might not have good medical facilities. Travelers should find out in advance what health care options will be at their destination. Zimring's advice for healthy travel, especially overseas: consult a physician who specializes in travel medicine at least six weeks before your trip. "If you wait until the last minute to think about immunizations, it may be too late," he said. A vaccination for Hepatitis B, for example, is normally given as a series over a period of six months, although it can be accelerated to a six-week period. All adult travelers should be up-to-date on routine vaccinations: seasonal flu, measles/mumps/rubella (MMR) and tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis (Tdap). Additionally, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends the shingles vaccine for those 50 and older, and pneumococcal vaccines for those over 65. Bring copies of your prescriptions. And before you leave home, make sure your meds are legal in the countries you'll be visiting. Some destinations may require additional vaccines, such as polio or yellow fever; the CDC website maintains a list by destination. These vaccines may pose risks for older people, and some travelers with health conditions, like diabetes, may require additional immunizations. To navigate these complexities, Zimring recommends consulting in advance with a physician certified by the International Society of Travel Medicine; travelers can visit ISTM.org to find a practitioner in their area. It's also crucial to make sure all prescriptions are filled. You may need an override from an insurance carrier to make sure you have enough medication for the entire trip, plus a few extra days' worth in case of a delay. Bring copies of your prescriptions when you travel, and make sure your medications are legal in the countries you're visiting. (Even a legally prescribed medication can lead to disastrous consequences—a UK citizen was sentenced to three years in prison in Egypt for bringing in Tramadol, an opioid painkiller, for her husband's back pain.) Check with the embassy of the country you're visiting if you're unsure. If a traveler requires oxygen, be sure to check airline policies well in advance. If you're traveling abroad, understand what your medical insurance will, or won't, cover and obtain supplemental insurance as needed. (Generally, Medicare does not cover overseas care.) Read the fine print. Some policies may exclude injuries related to specific, risky activities, like riding a motorbike in Southeast Asia. Be sure to pack information on how to use your policy if needed. If you have specific medical concerns, such as heart disease, Zimring advises doing some advance research to find out if good quality, specialized care is available, even for domestic travel. Reputable tour operators are prepared to triage emergencies—getting injured or ill travelers to a hospital, for example—but beyond that, you'll need guidance to find good specialists. Most carriers who offer medical insurance for travelers have networks of clinicians and hospitals overseas and can assist if needed. Some credit card concierge services may also be able to assist. Think about What You Might Not Know Before You Go Before traveling, Wilkin always signs up online for the US State Department's Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) for every country she's visiting overseas. This allows her to receive safety and security advisories via email (including health-related alerts, such as Zika virus updates) and enables the US embassy to contact her should an emergency arise, whether natural disaster, civil unrest or family emergency. Make sure you have relevant contact information (both in your phone and written down on paper) and know how to call foreign numbers if you plan to use your cellphone; check with your carrier about international limitations on your service plan. Consider downloading an app like TravelSmart from Allianz Global Assistance, which uses geolocation to find nearby hospitals, doctor's offices and embassies, with recommendations for hospitals vetted by Allianz. (The app is free and available to all travelers but there are extra features for Allianz Travel Insurance policyholders, like claim filing.) If one or more people on your trip has mobility issues, plan early. Accessible rooms on cruise ships fill up months in advance. Kerper is leading a cruise from Dublin to Amsterdam in 2019, and in early 2018 it was almost booked. Visualize how you'll

the virus hit. U.S. coal production last year was the lowest in 41 years — and it's headed much lower this year. During the 12 months ending in August (the most recent month for which figures are available), the Energy Information Administration estimated that 579 million short tons were produced, which is 21% below the figure for 2016. In October, EIA predicted that coal production would fall 26% in 2020, citing the pandemic and also lower natural gas prices as factors. Carbon Emissions — Carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption declined under Trump, continuing a long downward trend that started years before he took office. Figures from EIA show CO2 emissions were 7.0% lower in the most recent 12 months on record, ending in June, than they were in 2016. Much of the decline is due to the pandemic-induced recession. Emissions in March, April, May and June were running nearly 20% below the same four months in 2019. In the decade before Trump took office, emissions had already fallen by a total of 14%, due mainly to electric utilities shifting away from coal-fired plants in favor of cheaper, cleaner natural gas, as well as solar and wind power. EIA is currently estimating that CO2 emissions will fall by a record 10% for all of 2020. Illegal border crossings have subsided after surging last year to the highest in a dozen years. They are now running a bit lower than before Trump took office. Last year, a monthly average of 66,640 people were apprehended attempting to illegally enter the U.S. at the border with Mexico, the highest level since 2007. The peak month was May, which saw 132,856 apprehensions, according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection statistics. That was the highest total since March 2006, when the monthly total hit nearly 161,000. During the first eight months of 2020, the average has gone down to 30,435 per month. Attempted border crossings tend to be highest in March, April and May and lowest in December. So to even out that seasonal factor, our measure compares the most recent 12 months on record with the year prior to a president taking office. And for the past 12 months ending in August (the most recent for which figures are available) apprehensions totaled 385,774, just 12.9% below 2016, when the total was 442,940. After-tax corporate profits set new records during Trump's presidency — until taking a battering during this year's pandemic. Newly revised figures now show profits hit a record $1.90 trillion in 2018 (see line 45), and yet another record — $1.94 trillion — last year. But in the recessionary second quarter of this year they sank to an estimated annual rate of $1.56 trillion. That's 11% lower than the full-year figure for 2016, the year before Trump's inauguration. The pandemic has been a disaster for the economy — but not for the stock market. A plunge in stock prices in March ended a decade-long bull market and wiped out nearly all the gains of the Trump years. But that quickly turned out to be the shortest bear market in history. The Standard & Poor's 500-stock average has since set new record highs. It closed most recently on October 13 at 55.1% above where it had been the day before Trump was inaugurated. Other indexes also reflected investor optimism. At the October 13 close, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, made up of 30 large corporations, was up 45.3% during Trump's time in office. And the NASDAQ composite index, made up of more than 3,000 companies including many in the technology sector, has more than doubled under Trump — up 114.1% since he took office. Wages and Inflation The upward trend in real wages continued under Trump, and inflation remained in check. CPI — The Consumer Price Index rose 6.8% during Trump's first 44 months, continuing a long period of historically low inflation. In the most recent 12 months, ending in March, the CPI rose only 1.4% — held down by a plunge in gasoline prices and the pandemic-triggered economic recession. The CPI rose an average of 1.8% each year of the Obama presidency (measured as the 12-month change ending each January), and an average of 2.4% during each of the George W. Bush years. Wages — Paychecks continued to grow faster than prices. The average weekly earnings of all private-sector workers, in "real" (inflation-adjusted) terms, rose 7.1% during Trump's first 44 months (ending in September). Those figures include managers and supervisors. Rank-and-file production and nonsupervisory workers — at least, those who still have jobs — are doing even better than their bosses. Real earnings for those workers (81% of all workers) have gone up 8% so far under Trump. The gains extend a long trend. Real wages took a dive during the Great Recession of 2007-2009, hitting a low point in July 2008. During the Obama years, real weekly earnings rose 4.1% for all workers, and 4.2% for rank-and-file. Consumer confidence in the economy, which at first rose under Trump, took its worst plunge on record when the COVID-19 emergency hit. The University of Michigan's Surveys of Consumers monthly index first soared to a peak of 101.4 in March 2018, which was the highest in 14 years. It was still at 101.0 as recently as February. But in March and April, it took the steepest decline ever recorded, to 71.8. That was the lowest since December 2011, when the nation was struggling to recover from the Great Recession of 2007-2009. By September — the most recent month on record — the index had crept up to 80.4. But that was still 6.8 points lower than in October 2016, just before Trump was elected after promising to boost economic growth. Home Prices and Ownership Home Prices — Home prices soared to record levels during Trump's tenure. The national median price of an existing, single-family home set a record high of $315,000 in August, according to sales figures from the National Association of Realtors. That is $86,300 higher than the median price of $228,700 for homes sold during the month Trump took office — a gain in value of 37.7%. That far outpaced inflation; the Consumer Price Index rose only 6.6% during the same period. Much of the rise has taken place since the pandemic hit. Single-family home prices jumped 15.5% since February. The Realtors' figures reflect raw sales prices without attempting to adjust for such factors as variations in the size, location, age or condition of the homes sold in a given month or year. Even so, a similar pattern emerges from the S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index, which compares sales prices of similar homes and seeks to measure changes in the total value of all existing single-family housing stock. The Case-Shiller index for July sales (the most recent available) was at a record high — and 20% above where it stood in the month Trump took office. Whichever way you measure it, homeowners have seen the value of their houses rise to record levels since Trump became president. Homeownership — The percentage of Americans who own their homes has continued to recover under Trump. The homeownership rate hit a record 69.2% of households for two quarters in 2004 before going into a yearslong slide and hitting bottom in the second quarter of 2016 at 62.9%. That was the lowest point in more than half a century, and tied for the lowest on record. The rate recovered 0.8 points in the six months before Trump took office, and has gone up another 4.2 points since then, to 67.9% in the second quarter of 2020, the most recent Census Bureau figure available. However, much of that gain is another statistical distortion caused by the pandemic. The reported figure took an unlikely 2.6 percentage point leap in the second quarter alone, nearly triple the largest previous quarter-to-quarter increase (0.9 point in the third quarter of 1979). Realtor's

intercourse with a minor: 3 years Must be filed within eight years after the date the person attains the age of majority; or within three years after the date the person discovers the causal connection of the injury, whichever period expires later Colorado Colo. Rev. Stat. § §13-80-102 (a) Sex assault:Offenses against a child under 15: No limitOffenses against a child 15-18: 20 years after the victim reaches age 18Offenses against an adult: 20 yearsMisdemeanors: 5 yearsUnlawful sexual contact:Offenses against a child under 15: No limitOffenses against a child 15-18: 20 years after the victim reaches age 18 No time limitation for claims arising on or after January 1, 2022 Connecticut Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-577e Class A felonies: No limitClass B felonies: 20 yearsClass C felonies: 5 yearsClass D felonies: 20 yearsAggravated sexual assault of a minor: No limitIncest: 5 yearsIf the victim was a minor (under 18), and was assaulted before October 1, 2019, they have until their 48th birthday to file a civil claim. For Sexual Abuse, Exploitation or Assault to a minor. Delaware Del. Code tit. 10, § 8119 Class A felonies: No limitAll other felonies: 5 yearsClass A misdemeanors: 3 yearsAll other misdemeanors: 2 years No time limit for child sex abuse claims. District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) D.C. Code § 12-301(11) Felonies: No limitMisdemeanors: 3 yearsIf the victim was a minor, they have until three years from their 18th birthday (age 21) to file a claim Within seven years of the minor's 18th birthday or within three years of when the victim knew or should have known, whichever comes first Florida Fla. Stat. § 95.11(7), (9) Capital felony, life felony or a felony that results in death: No limitFirst-degree felony: 4 yearsAny other felony: 3 yearsExceptions:No limit in sexual battery violation cases where the victim is age 16 or under. No time limit for Sexual Battery Offenses on Victims under age 16 Georgia O.C.G.A. § 9-3- 33.1(b) Sexual assault, incest: 4 years (7 years in cases involving minorsRape: 15 years for rape, or 7 years for non-forcible rape (no limit if the victim was under the age of 16 and occurred on or after July 1, 2012)Statutory rape, molestation, aggravated child molestation (under 16): 7 years Within five years of the date the person attains the age of majority. Hawaii HRS § 657-7, § 657-13 Class A & B felonies: No limitClass C felony: 3 years from the incident (or age 21 if the victim was under 18 at the time of the incident)Misdemeanors: 2 yearsPetty misdemeanor: 1 yearThe statute of limitations pauses if the victim is a minor until they turn 18 Statute is "tolled" if victim was a minor at the time of the incident. Idaho Code § 6-1704(1) Rape, sexual abuse, incest: 5 years (no limit if the victim is 16 or under)Sexual exploitation by a medical care provider: 2 yearsSexual abuse and exploitation of a vulnerable adult: 5 yearsIf the victim was a minor, they have five years after reaching the "age of majority" (age 23) to file a civil action so long as the incident occurred on or after July 1, 1989. Suit may be brought within five years of the victim reaching the age of majority Illinois Ill. Rev. Stat. ch. 735, § 13--202, § 13—202.2(b) Misdemeanors: 10 years after the victim achieves the age of adulthood (age 28)Indecent solicitation of an adult, a solicitation to meet a child, sexual exploitation of a child: 3 years (or 18 months for misdemeanors) Actions for damages based on childhood sexual abuse may be commenced at any time Indiana Ind. Code § 34-11-2-4(1) Rape: For Level 1, there is no limit. For a Level 3 felony, the prosecution must commence within 5 years (10 years if the victim was under 18).Child molesting: For Level 1 & 2 felonies, there is no limit but prosecution must commence before the victim reaches 31 years of age. For Level 3 & 4 felonies, prosecution must commence within 5 years (10 years if the victim was under 18). Case stemming from childhood sex abuse must be brought within seven years from the date of incident or within four years from when the minor is no longer a dependant of the person alleged perpetrator. Iowa Iowa Code §669.13, §614.8A Sexual abuse, incest: 10 years (or 15 years after the victim reaches age 18 if they were a minor)Lascivious acts with a child/minor, indecency with a child, sexual exploitation of a minor: 10 years after the victim reaches age 18.Assault with intent to commit sexual abuse: 3 years (or ten years after the victim reaches age 18 if they were a minorIndecent exposure: 3 years Within four years of the date of discovery. S Kansas Kan. Stat. § 60-523 Rape, aggravated criminal sodomy: No limitSodomy, aggravated sexual battery, indecent liberties with a child, indecent solicitation of a child, sexual exploitation of a child, aggravated incest: 10 years (or ten years from when the victim turns 18 if they were a minor) Victims of child sex abuse have three years from the age of 18, or three years from the date the victim discovered they had suffered an injury or illness caused by sexual abuse Kentucky Ky. Rev. Stat. § 413.249, §413.140(1)(a) Felonies: No limitMisdemeanors: 1 year (5 years for crimes involving minors)For minors, five years after either the most recent incident, discovery or achieving adulthood, whichever occurs later. Within five years of the commission of the act or the last of a series of acts by the same perpetrator Louisiana Louisiana Revised Statute 9:2800.9(A), Civ. Code §3492 Rape: No limit for 1st and 2nd-degree rape; 6 years for 3rd-degree rapeFelonies against a minor: 30 years after the victim turns 18 (age 48).Felonies punishable by imprisonment or hard labor: 6 years Civil suit for sex acts against minors can be brought at any time Maine Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 14, § 752-C, Maine Civil Statute of Limitations Crimes against minors under age 16: No limitGross sexual assault: 20 yearsSexual abuse of minors (age 16 or older): 6 years for Class A, B or C crimes; 3 years for Class D or E crimesUnlawful sexual contact: 20 years for Class A, B or C crimes; 3 years for Class D or E crimesUnlawful sexual touching: 3 yearsSexual exploitation of a minor: 6 yearsIncest: 6 years for Class C crimes; 3 years for Class D crimesNo limit for crimes against minors under age 16. Civil claims for sex acts against minors can be brought at any time Maryland Md. Cts. and Jud. Proc. § 5-117, Maryland Civil Statute of Limitations Felonies: No limitSexual offense (fourth-degree): 1 year (3 years if the offender was in a position of authority or the victim was a minor)Sexual conduct between correctional or juvenile justice employee and inmate or confined child: 1 year Within seven years of the date the victim attains the age of majority Massachusetts General Laws of Massachusetts Part III, Title V, 260-4C, Rape, assault with intent to commit rape: 15 yearsWanton or reckless behavior creating a risk of serious bodily injury or sexual abuse to a child: No limitStatutory rape and sexual abuse (of a child under 16): No limitDrugging persons for sexual intercourse: 6 yearsIncestuous marriage or sexual activities: 10 years Must bring civil claims within 35 years of the acts alleged to have caused an injury or condition or within 7 years of the time the victim discovered Michigan MCL 600.5805 Criminal sexual conduct (second degree): 10 years (15 years for minors or by their 28th birthday, whichever occurs later)Criminal sexual conduct (third or fourth degree), assault with intent to commit criminal sexual contact, female genital mutilation: 10 years (for minors, by their 21st birthday, whichever occurs later)Crimes against nature or sodomy, indecent exposure, gross indecency:

Jonathan Ive v. Harry Jones The Complainant is Jonathan Ive of California, United States of America, represented by Edwards Angell Palmer & Dodge UK, LLP, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Respondent is Harry Jones of London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, represented by Altenburger, Switzerland. 2. The Domain Names and Registrar The disputed domain names <jonathan-ive.com>, <jonathanive.com>, <jony-ive.com> and <jonyive.com> are registered with SRSPlus. The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the "Center") on March 6, 2009. On March 9, 2009, the Center transmitted by email to SRSPlus (a wholly owned subsidiary of Network Solutions LLC) a request for registrar verification in connection with the disputed domain names. On March 9, 2009, SRSPlus transmitted by email to the Center its verification response confirming that the Respondent is listed as the registrant of all four disputed domain names and providing the contact details. The Center verified that the Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Policy" or "UDRP"), the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Rules"), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Supplemental Rules"). In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2(a) and 4(a), the Center formally notified the Respondent of the Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on March 17, 2009. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph 5(a), the due date for Response was April 6, 2009. The Response was filed with the Center on April 6, 2009. On April 7, 2009, the Center advised the Respondent's representative that the Response as filed substantially exceeded the 5,000 word limit prescribed by the Rules and Supplemental Rules. The Center invited the Respondent to submit a revised Response which complied with the word limit by April 14, 2009. The Respondent filed a revised Response on April 14, 2009. The Center appointed John Swinson as the sole panelist in this matter on April 21, 2009. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, paragraph 7. The Complainant is the Senior Vice President of Industrial Design at Apple, Inc. He was the principal designer behind the iMac, iPod and iPhone. In October 2008, the Complainant filed two Community Trade Mark applications for JONATHAN IVE and JONY IVE. These marks are yet to register. On the <jonathanive.com> website, the Respondent notes: "I'm a web designer living in the UK, and I've been a huge fan of Jonathan Ive since I first used an iMac G3 in college in 1998. I set up this site as a university project in 2004, back when the iPod still had a black and white screen and the iPhone didn't even exist! These days I'm busy with work and other projects but I still try and update the site every now and again. My aim is for the site to be a great resource for anyone wanting to find out a little bit about the incredbible [sic] design talent of Jonathan Ive - I hope you enjoy it! The design of the site and all text on the site is copyright Harry Jones 2004-2008. Please note this site is not owned by or affiliated with Jonathan Ive or Apple Inc. Any views expressed here are those of the author and are in no way endorsed by Jonathan Ive or Apple Inc." On February 12, 2008, the Respondent sent the Complainant's employer an email regarding the <jonothanive.com> domain name. The email states: - The Respondent is busy and he has not had much time to devote to <jonathanive.com>. - While the Respondent would like to put some time into the site and develop it into a comprehensive Jonathan Ive resource it is not something that would be done immediately. - The Respondent may be willing to let the domain name go, but it represents something he has built up over the preceding four years. - The website makes significant revenue from advertising and has the potential to generate significant more once developed. - The website also ranks very well on Google. A further email from the Respondent to the Complainant's employer dated February 24, 2008, states that: - The Respondent doesn't particularly need or want to sell the site. - The Respondent is aware that Apple acquired the domain name iphone.com for over $1 million. - The <jonathanive.com> site would be valuable in light of Apple's public relations, and the Respondent would be looking to sell for $400,000. This represents the true value of the site and is fair to both parties. The Complainant makes the following contentions: The name of the Complainant (expressed as JONATHAN IVE or JONY IVE) is internationally renowned within the field of industrial design, and relates to one of the world's finest industrial designers (of laptops, hand held computers and mobile telephones). In particular, the Complainant is identified as the principal designer of the iMac, Apple iBook, iPod and iPhone. He has won a significant number of awards and accolades for his designs (including an appointment as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) from Queen Elizabeth II of England). The Complainant has substantial unregistered rights in his name which precede the first domain name registration. People in the industrial design industry and the public at large have come to expect particular quality in a JONATHAN IVE/JONY IVE design. The Complainant's name performs the function of a trade mark. The Complainant is a full time employee of Apple Inc. (acting as Senior Vice President of Industrial Design, reporting directly to the CEO). The Complainant has been in charge of the design team since 1996. Even though the employer exploits the commercial benefit of the Complainant's trade marks, this does not diminish the value in them. It does not prevent the Complainant from using the marks for commercial benefit. The Complainant's employer has been in discussions with the Respondent on the Complainant's behalf. The Complainant has been approached by other manufacturers (such as car and camera manufacturers) to design items for them. The Complainant also designed the character Eve in the Pixar movie "Wall-e", and an award winning book cover. The Complainant has also filed Community Trade Mark applications for JONATHAN IVE and JONY IVE (both filed on October 21, 2008). The disputed domain names were registered on March 25, 2004 (jonathanive.com), February 27, 2007 <jonathan-ive.com>, <jonyive.com> and February 7, 2008 <jony-ive.com>. They are identical to the name of the Complainant, including the shortened name "JONY" by which the Complainant is equally renowned. The addition of a hyphen does not render the marks dissimilar. There is no evidence that the Respondent has used, or made demonstrable preparations to use, the disputed domain names in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services prior to notice of the dispute. The Respondent has never been commonly known by the disputed domain names, and has not acquired trade mark rights in these terms. The Respondent is not making legitimate non-commercial or fair use of the disputed domain names. The Respondent uses three of the disputed domain names to direct traffic to the principal website located at <jonathanive.com>. This website hosts Google advertisements, so visitors to the website are likely to follow the links and earn revenue for the Respondent through pay-per-click advertising. The Respondent has admitted his commercial interest in the disputed domain names by stating in correspondence with the Complainant that the advertising revenue from the site is considerable. The Respondent earns advertising revenue as a direct result of the mistaken belief by Internet users that the website is owned or controlled by the Complainant. The Respondent was aware of the trade mark JONATHAN IVE and JONY IVE prior to registration of the disputed domain names. The website located at "www.jonathanive.com"

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slowly. When a battery fired over the way, the observers in Fort Texas called out which one it was—"Sand-bag battery," or "Lower fort mortar battery," or "Tree mortar battery," and if it sent over a bomb, easily identified, that too was called out, and the men fell face down on the ground to take open shelter under the narrow point of the cone-shaped explosion at impact. In his high tree the Mexican soldier with his spyglass saw the Americans falling every time a shell went off, and reported, "so it looked to him," that those who fell were killed. His reports were repeated in Matamoros and soon it was believed that the Americans were "dying by scores." Encouraged, General Arista considered plans for taking the fort by assault. Late in the afternoon of May fourth Captain Walker left Fort Texas to find his way through the enemy movements inland and report to General Taylor that the river garrison was holding well. Soon after Walker left, Major Brown's attention was suddenly turned from the river to the country in the rear of the fort when musket fire was heard from there. Mexican troops were established about four hundred yards away, firing toward the fort. Though at that distance their fire fell short, Major Brown concluded that they were making the frank gesture of an assault. He ordered the parapets and all bastions manned to repel attack. Evening fell, and no storm came, but the defenses were ready all night. In the dark there were sounds of activity inland—the gear of moving horsemen, murmur of men massing, the grunt and scrape of shovels. There would be something to see at dawn. With daybreak on the fifth the garrison saw that an "immense force of thousands," both horse and foot, was aligned behind Fort Texas with its left end anchored on a point of the river below the fort and its right on a point above, for a distance of a mile. In the country behind the line was a new battery emplacement—the "Country Battery," as the Americans immediately called it. The fort was now encircled by the enemy. The garrison went to work training eighteen-pound and six-pound batteries on the new line from their positions in the two southeasterly bastions of the fort. At five o'clock in the afternoon all Mexican guns on both sides of the river opened on the fort with "a galling crossfire of shot and shell." It was returned by all batteries of the fort, until after an hour the enemy barrage ceased on both sides as if by prearrangement. Presently a Mexican informer, named Valdez, made his way to the gate of Fort Texas and asked to be admitted, for he had news. Glittering with a native talent for intrigue he was taken to Major Brown. What was his news? He replied that in Matamoros they were telling how a party of United States dragoons on a foray out of Point Isabel had been driven back to the base. Was that all? No, there was more: General Arista's troops were "becoming dissatisfied, and were deserting in great numbers." Anything else? Yes, it was said that a revolution had broken out in Mexico. While there may have been general encouragement in some of this, Major Brown faced harder information at hand. In the last evening light a party of Mexican cavalry made a reconnaissance within eight hundred yards of the fort. One of Brown's junior officers came to ask permission to take dragoons and sally out to "return the reconnaissance at closer view." Major Brown approved; and in a few moments the lieutenant and his men rode out of the gate of Fort Texas. They were gone for an hour, and returned with all safe to report that they had ridden close to the Country Battery forcing Mexicans to retire behind it. There were thousands of enemy soldiers deployed about the open plain behind the fort. General Taylor's headquarters under the tree near the pond was occupied by the enemy, who had posted guards along the ditches thrown up by the General's detail. The garrison's situation was now unstable. It was time for Major Brown to think about signalling over the dunes with paced salvos of the eighteen-pounders to General Taylor, twelve miles away as sound travelled. The sun was hardly up on Wednesday the sixth when the eighteen-pounders began their heavy intervals. Their pace was so measured that the enemy as if understanding their message began to reply with salvos from the Lower Fort Mortar Battery and the Country Battery. Mexican guns found the range that day. Their shot and shell tore down tents within the fort, and wounded many horses on the dragoon picket lines. If there were too few men in Fort Texas to offer a strong defense, they were lucky in one way; for in the great area of the fort they were also too few to offer compact targets. All they could do was watch for the sailing cannonballs and shells, and avoid them if they could. They had so little ammunition that Major Brown held the fire of his batteries, hoarding what he had against a mass attack. His men made a game of the bombardment. They laughed and jeered and hopped aside when the balls landed. An old mess cook making coffee for his fellows saw a ball roll into the ashes of his cooking fire. It spilled his pot. He walked up and kicked the spent ball, saying in disgust, ''There! Those [profane] Mexicans have knocked over my coffee." After nearly four hours of shelling the fort was showing damage. Major Brown, with his adjutant, went on a round of inspection. He came to a bomb shelter on which soldiers were making repairs. He stopped to direct them. Amidst the general shelling a bomb struck on the parapet just above the work party. It threw up a curtain of sand. The soldiers fell waiting for the explosion; but none came. The shell buried itself as a dud. The men rose again—all but one. They turned to see Major Brown who lay among them with his right leg blown off by a direct hit from another ball. They saw the end of his thigh bone bluish white amid raw muscle. He was conscious. As they took him up to carry him to the hospital tent he said, "Men, go to your duties. Stand by your posts. I am but one among you." While surgeons operated, amputating his leg above the knee, his command was taken over by Captain E. S. Hawkins. After the operation the Major remarked that it was fortunate for the United States that the wound had come to him instead of to a younger man. He was put to bed in a bomb shelter. The shelling continued. At about four o'clock it ceased, and at half-past, two Mexican officers advanced with a white flag. They halted before the fort. To meet them, Captain Hawkins sent two officers, who brought back a proposal made by the Mexicans "on humanity's grounds" that Fort Texas surrender, and spare further bloodshed and destruction. Captain Hawkins examined the proposal. It would have been useful to know, just then, where General Taylor was, and whether he had heard and understood the signal salvos of the heavy guns, and what conditions were governing his own decisions across the seaside plain. Fort Texas was in trouble. It could be only a matter of time until—but Captain Hawkins disposed of the surrender demand without solving his own uncertainties. At five o'clock he sent his spokesmen out to reject the Mexican advice. The garrison made ready with what they could. The Mexican shelling was resumed immediately, but Fort Texas could not reply. As

title of the album, which is Canda (Joke), Tangis (Cry), Ketawa (Laugh) and Duka (Sad). In July, her skill as a former ambassador for the Malaysian Red Crescent Society was put to the test when she and a panel doctor of Media Prima performed a Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on the late Yasmin Ahmad when she fell unconscious during a presentation in a meeting in TV3's headquarters and in August, Siti was given a privileged of her own channel on Astro at Channel 188, Channel Siti for 28 hours on 30 August 2009 which has broadcast her concert in June of the same year, SATU Konsert Eksklusif Dato' Siti Nurhaliza, her previous concert which was held at Bukit Jalil, the Siti's Fantasia Tour concert in 2004 and some of her music videos. Bagaikan Sakti concert and SimplySiti (2010–2011) In 2010, she performed at Konsert Bagaikan Sakti which was held in Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay, Singapore alongside Malaysian producer-composer-songwriter, M. Nasir which also was broadcast live through Astro Box Office Events (Channel 955) on 1 January, and the repeat show from 2 to 10 January. Her own company, Siti Nurhaliza Productions (M) Sdn. Bhd. has also produced a concert for two Malaysian award-winning artists, Faizal Tahir and Aizat Amdan entitled Konsert Satu Suara which was accompanied by Simfoni Orkestra Kebangsaan (National Orchestra Symphony) on 12 February until 14th at Istana Budaya. On 25 March, she received her first award of the year, Anugerah Artis Contoh HIP TV 2009 (HIP TV Role Model Artist Award 2009) defeating four other candidates based on votes from viewers through short message service (SMS). On 30 March, she launched her own beauty and cosmetic products under the name SimplySiti. The products underwent research and development in Korea, and are incorporated with Nanotechnology before receiving approval of Halal status by JAKIM. 6 days later, she received her 13th consecutive award of Penyanyi Wanita Paling Popular 2009 (Most Popular Female Singer 2009) and the overall category award, Bintang Paling Popular 2009 (Most Popular Artist of 2009) from Anugerah Bintang Popular Bintang Harian 2009 with votes from over 225 300 votes from the readers of Berita Harian. The latter one is her seventh time winning the same accolade. On 21 April, Siti won herself another two awards based on popular votes through SMS service from Anugerah Pilihan Pembaca Media Hiburan (APPMH) 2009/10 (Media Hiburan Readers' Choice Awards 2009/10). She won the award for Artis Wanita Berkulit Cantik 2009/10 (Female Artist with a Flawless Skin 2009/10) and special piece of the ceremony, Anugerah Khas APPMH 2009/10 (Special Award of APPMH 2009/10). In addition, on 2 May, she won herself her sixth and seventh awards of 2010 from Anugerah Industri Muzik (AIM) ke-17 2010 (17th Malaysian Music Industry Awards 2010) where she won two vocal awards, Persembahan Vokal Terbaik Dalam Lagu (Wanita) (Best Vocal Performance in a Song (Female)) through her single, Ku Percaya Ada Cinta and Persembahan Vokal Berkumpulan Dalam Lagu (Best Group Vocal Performance in a Song) through her single, Amarah from her collaboration album with Indonesian artiste, Krisdayanti, CTKD. This is her 11th time winning Best Vocal Performance out of 17 years history of AIM, creating a record of her own. She also won another two awards from local fashion magazine, EH! voted by users through online and mail poles, Anugerah Stail EH! 2010 (EH!'s 2010 Style Awards) for the category of Selebriti Pencapaian Terbaik (Celebrity with the Best Achievements) and Selebriti Contoh (Role Model Celebrity) on 21 July. Less than two months after being commercialised since late March, her skincare products range, SimplySiti received "The Best Halal Product" under Cosmetic category by Halal Journal Magazine. and on 11 January 2011, she received two awards from The BrandLaureate – Small and Medium Enterprises Chapter Awards (The BrandLaureate – SME's Chapter Awards), one for her SimplySiti range, for Most Promising Brand and another one for herself, first time introduced in 2011, The BrandLaureate Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah SME's Women of The Year 2010 which was presented by Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah, wife of Malaysia's fourth Prime Minister, Tun Dr. Mahathir herself. She also received Inspiration Woman Award from Association of Malaysian and Indonesian Journalists (ISWAMI) on 29 January. SITI, All Your Love and History Channel (2011–2012) In early 2011, she hosted her own talk show programme, SITI, which with 13 episodes, encompassing four main segments – V.I.P. Siti, Sentuhan Kasih (Caring Touch), Siti's Perspective and Siti's Symphony with the first episode aired on 12 February. In early March 2011, she announced that she is working on her first full English album, entitled All Your Love which was produced by her own stepson's production team What's Up Entertainment, with all the songs written and produced by Australian singers, Christian Alexanda and Bryan Bouro and released on 26 September with her first English single, Falling in Love debuted at a concert in UiTM where she also expressed her interest to further her study in that university. Two out of ten tracks from the album, Remember You and I Wait Forever were a duet between her and Sean Kingston and Christian Alexanda respectively. On 16 July, she won her tenth Regional Most Popular Artiste in a row beating fellow artistes from Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore, thus setting a new record in the Anugerah Planet Muzik. However, this would be her last appearance in the category after the organiser has decided to drop her name from participating in the same category in the future. In September 2011, her company, Siti Nurhaliza Production (SNP) produced her first ever reality singing competition, I-Klon which was aired in November 2011. The aim of this show is to search for talents that not only can sing but also imitate their idol. On 17 October, she was reported to be working on her life documentary which was aired on History Channel on 11 January 2012 to coincide with her 33rd birthday. On 28 January 2012 she received the Anugerah Ikon (Icon Award) by (APPMH) 2011/12 (Media Hiburan Readers' Choice Awards 2011/12) and on 8 April, she received a special award, Anugerah Seri Perak from Anugerah Bintang Popular Berita Harian in conjunction with the silver jubilee of the award in April 2012, which she previously had won the Anugerah Bintang Paling Popular (Most Popular Star Award) for seven times from the same ceremony. In April 2012, she accepted an offer to be featured in Sami Yusuf's latest album, Salaam for his song, You Came To Me which was recorded in three languages, Arabic, Malay and English. She also performed the song alongside him for his debut concert in Singapore, 'Konsert Salaam Sami Yusuf' on 8 July. A day later, on 9 July, she was given the chance to perform as the opening act and also the closing ceremonies of the 15th Malaysia Games or SUKMA XV on 16 July. Few days earlier, on 5 July, she received another award by EH! magazine for the award of Celebrity with Best Achievements for a second time since 2010. In September, she announced a new album project with an Indonesian recording company, Virgo Records for Indonesian market where so far a number of Indonesian composers and lyricist have given their songs to Siti, including former lead vocal of Kerispatih, Samuel Simorangkir and Dewiq. The same album will also include a song written by herself and composed by a Malaysian composer, Aubrey Suwito. In the same month also, she received a special award by Anugerah Radio24 BERNAMA (BERNAMA Radio24 Awards) in the category of Entertainment Icon in conjunction with their fifth anniversary. And on 25 November, she was honoured with a special award of Anugerah Kesatria Puteri Kesenian from Puteri UMNO in their Himpunan Wanita Muda 2012 (2012 Female Youth Coalition). Two weeks

the United States was blameless for the devastation from its "siege warfare" tactics. After human-rights advocates had harshly condemned sanctions on Iraq for almost a decade, the sanctions suddenly morphed into a causus belli. At a March 27, 2003, joint press conference for Bush and Britian's prime minister, Tony Blair, Blair declared, Over the past five years, 400,000 Iraqi children under the age of five died of malnutrition and disease, preventively, but died because of the nature of the regime under which they are living. Now, that is why we're acting. Progressive editor Matthew Rothschild observed that Bush and Blair "refuse to acknowledge any responsibility for those deaths and instead seize upon them simply to justify their war of aggression." After the war started, the suffering caused by sanctions became further proof of Saddam's depravity. In a March 25, 2003, press conference announcing plans for humanitarian aid after the Iraq War, Andrew Natsios, administrator for the Agency for International Development, declared, There has been a water issue, and I am not sure everybody entirely understands this. It predates the war. Water and sanitation are the principal reasons children have died at higher rates than they should have for a middle-income country…. It is a function of a deliberate decision by the regime not to repair the water system or replace old equipment with new equipment, so in many cases people are basically drinking untreated sewer water in their homes and have been for some years. In reality, the United States government perennially blocked the importation of the necessary equipment and supplies to repair the water system — as if it were a "dual use" because of the possibility that Iraqi soldiers would get glasses of water from the repaired systems. From 1991 through the end of 2002, 8,924 people were killed in attacks by international terrorists, according to the U.S. State Department. The sanctions on Iraq may have killed more than 50 times as many civilians as did terrorists during a time when terrorism was supposedly one of the gravest threats to humanity. During the 2000 election campaign, Bush criticized the Clinton administration for failing to keep sanctions as tight as possible. In the lead-up to the war, he frequently relished recounting the details of Saddam's brutality, especially the alleged gas attacks against Kurdish villages that, according to Bush, "killed or injured at least 20,000 people, more than six times the number of people who died in the attacks of September the 11th." (It is unclear whether it was the Iraqis or the Iranians who actually carried out the gas attacks.) But far more Iraqi children were killed by sanctions after Bush's inauguration on Janu ary 20, 2001, than Saddam killed in his alleged gas attacks on the Kurds. If the estimate of 500,000 dead as a result of sanctions is correct, that would be the equivalent of snuffing out the lives of all the babies and young children in Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota, and North Dakota. The fact that bin Laden greatly exaggerated the sanctions death toll does not absolve the U.S. government. Within a year or two after the end of the Gulf War, it should have been obvious that sanctions would neither turn Saddam into a Boy Scout nor bring him to his knees. The U.S. government knew the sanctions were scourging the Iraqi people. Three U.S. presidents escaped any liability for the Iraqi deaths caused by U.S. policy. The people who worked in the World Trade Center may not have been so lucky. Rather than continue to pirouette on the world stage as a great benefactor, the Bush administration should open the files and let everyone learn what the U.S. government knew — and when it knew it — about the devastation sanctions wreaked upon Iraq. This information could provide a healthy antidote against future salvation manias by American presidents. Please see here and here for additional articles. President Bush's advisers assured Americans that U.S. troops would be greeted as liberators — with flowers and hugs — when the United States invaded Iraq. That promise turned out to be one of the biggest frauds of the Iraqi debacle. One major reason for the animosity to U.S. troops is the lingering impact and bitter memories of the UN sanctions imposed on the Iraqis for 13 years, largely at the behest of the U.S. government. It is impossible to understand the current situation in Iraq without examining the sanctions and their toll. President Bush, in the months before attacking Iraq, portrayed the sufferings and deprivation of the Iraqi people as resulting from the evil of Saddam Hussein. Bush's comments were intended as an antidote to the charge by Osama bin Laden a month after 9/11 that "a million innocent children are dying at this time as we speak, killed in Iraq without any guilt." Bin Laden listed the economic sanctions against Iraq as one of the three main reasons for his holy war against the United States. Most Western experts believe that bin Laden sharply overstated the death toll. A United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) report in 1999 concluded that half a million Iraqi children had died in the previous eight years because of the sanctions. Columbia University professor Richard Garfield, an epidemiologist and an expert on the effects of sanctions, estimated in 2003 that the sanctions had resulted in infant and young-child fatalities numbering between 343,900 and 529,000. Regardless of the precise number of fatalities (which will never be known), the sanctions were a key factor in inflaming Arab anger against the United States. The sanctions were initially imposed to punish Iraq for invading Kuwait and then were kept in place after the Gulf War supposedly in order to pressure Saddam to disarm. Sanctions wreaked havoc on the Iraqi people, in part because the Pentagon intentionally destroyed Iraq's water-treatment systems during the first U.S.-Iraq war: • A January 22, 1991, Defence Intelligence Agency report titled "Iraq Water Treatment Vulnerabilities" noted, Iraq depends on importing specialised equipment and some chemicals to purify its water supply, most of which is heavily mineralized and frequently brackish to saline…. Failing to secure supplies will result in a shortage of pure drinking water for much of the population. This could lead to increased incidences, if not epidemics, of disease…. Unless the water is purified with chlorine, epidemics of such diseases as cholera, hepatitis, and typhoid could occur. • The U.S. Defence Intelligence Agency estimated in early 1991 that "it probably will take at least six months (to June 1991) before the [Iraqi water treatment] system is fully degraded" from the bombing during the Gulf War and the UN sanctions. • A May 1991 Pentagon analysis entitled "Status of Disease at Refugee Camps," noted, Cholera and measles have emerged at refugee camps. Further infectious diseases will spread due to inadequate water treatment and poor sanitation. • A June 1991 Pentagon analysis noted that infectious disease rates had increased since the Gulf War and warned, "The Iraqi regime will continue to exploit disease incidence data for its own political purposes." George Washington University professor Thomas Nagy, who marshalled the preceding reports in an analysis in the September 2001 issue of The Progressive, concluded, The United States knew it had the capacity to devastate the water treatment system of Iraq. It knew what the consequences would be: increased outbreaks of disease and high rates of child mortality. And it was more concerned about the public relations nightmare for Washington than the actual nightmare that the sanctions created for innocent Iraqis. Pentagon intent A Washington Post analysis published on June 23, 1991, noted that Pentagon officials admitted that, rather than concentrating solely on military targets, the U.S. bombing campaign "sought to achieve some of their military objectives in the Persian Gulf War by disabling Iraqi society at large" and "deliberately did great harm

hiss like wretched reptiles at the dirty, filthy clog that had dammed up this fluid cavalcade of pious spirituality they were gifting his father. James returned later and the hall was empty. His mother was inside arguing with his father. He pauses at the door before going in. They had probably been going at it for an hour by the sound of his father's frustration. But he is disfellowshipped. He is also my son. I don't have long in this world, I get to spend it with whoever I want. I want to spend it with James. Steve. Don't talk like you're dying. And no one is saying you can't spend it with James, but not at the expense of the brothers. They're going to be in the New System. He is not. Then I can socialize with them in the New System. But James is for now. He stares blankly at the slightly ajar wooden door's obnoxious stainless handle trying not to cry. When news of the child abuse had broke in 1994, Steve told the molester he would never be forgiven, ever, not caring if that meant Jehovah God kept him out of the New System. Blanche accused James of making the story up to get attention. The molester was handled "internally" through the congregation… something that bothered his father for years. No matter what, Steve stood up for his son and in his chest he understood the true definition of the word "beautiful" as his dad encompassed all aspects of it if by no other reason but the purity and solidity of the heart. He knocks at the door and opens it to intrude. His mother looks at him blankly. I'll give you two an hour or so, then I'll be back. An hour or so? James was a little confused. Well, okay. If you want then until visiting hours are over. He was obviously missing something. If visiting hours are over, why will you be back? So I can stay with him, she said frustrated. James looked at his father in an effort to help translate the parts of the conversation missing between the parts of the conversation. She stays with me at night in case anything happens. What's going to happen? You're up, alert, you look fine. Are you dying tomorrow? I wasn't planning on it. I don't think dad needs a baby sitter. Her feathers were getting ruffled. I'm not babysitting. I'm just here in case something happens. Like… spontaneous death? James! Don't be morbid. In case he takes a turn for the worse, that's all. These doctors are all trying to pump him full of pills. I can't have that. I'm allowed to worry about my husband. He's in a hospital! Just… go home, mom. I'll stay with him tonight. What? James! You can't do that. It must be insufferable for you to live with the tension, get some rest. I have clothes in the car. I think I can manage this for the night. Let him stay, Blanche. I could use the company. She turned a mean eye to him, I'm not company? Steve gave a breath and stared her down. That's not what I meant, Blanche. James didn't want this to go much further so he said the magic words, Mom, get some rest. You look tired. With that cave of vanity she was convinced to go home, sent packing with her overnight bag to go back to the house they were renting so Steve can stay close to the Houston hospital. He was distant with her, only giving her a half hug. Even her It is good to see you, son was barely audible and entirely unregistered. It was heartbreaking on some levels, refreshing confirmation on others. James retrieved his clothes and settled in for the evening. The nurses came, introductions were made, praises were sung, and vitals were checked. Throughout the afternoon his father spoke as if for the first time. With the absence of the parade and his mother's exhaustive consumption of attention his father had time to be him. So Steve opened his mouth and talked. He talked a lot as he had much to say. Obvious was the spoiler alert that homeopathic treatments does not cure cancer. In the five to six years he was attempting resolution from the disease with herbal remedies he could have gone through chemotherapy and/or radiation and recovered. Now it's different. The doctors had pretty much told him they were past the point of no return. Steve spoke openly, honestly, and with a calm understanding of reality. To tell you the truth, I'm ready to go now. You mean like Hospice… or did you want me to slip you something? His father chuckles. Hospice… I suppose. I don't have any other choice. I'm ready to go… while I still have some life in me, you know? There can be immense dignity in death. There is absolutely no dignity in dying. His father was a good man and had much to be proud about, but showing such pride was not in his character. This made the good man even better. James notices a bag next to the lounge chair. He opens it. It's filled with pills. He reads the first bottle's name: Oxycodone. Uh, dad. You have a bottle full of one of the hottest drugs on the black market right now. I know! Who knows what all that's worth on the streets. Take it. You could pay for your whole trip. They both laugh at the idea. I'm not taking your drugs, dad. The question is why aren't YOU taking your drugs? Steve began to explain why the drugs were out of reach from the hospital bed. His wife would not allow him to have any pain medication as she still holding on to the less-than-shadowy remnants of genuine belief that homeopathic treatment would still save his life. Her all-encompassing denial prevented the man from having any peace either from the outside world of constant footsteps of people shining with smiles to mask the shock of seeing a formidable man fade from existence or from soothing his own nervous system from the ache that came with cancer's unquenchable hunger. So Steve sat in wait… in pain… smiling and joking. He had to digest this. So he diverted over to asking about David. Katy had passed away in a unexpected and unavoidable car wreck in Dallas a few years earlier. He wanted to know the condition of her twin sister and of David as he and Katy tried to date on a few occasions. There was little update to the rebel's whereabouts, the only link would be occasional visits from David's father. In return he was asked about Aaron. It was a subject he didn't want to discuss but since they were being cathartically brutal in their honesty, James bullet-pointed the events about six months after his departure from his parents. Yes, he had seen Aaron. He flew up to Oregon and surprised him at his house. It didn't go well. He had the police called on him. Don't worry. He'll come around one day. (Pause.) And if he doesn't, are you okay with that? Yeah. I mean I'm not okay with it, but I made peace with the situation, he said while smiling. Decent people facing death tend to become somewhat "zen" about the world, his father was no exception. Behind his perky hazel eyes James held a mountain of unsteady un-sedimentary rock. He had made the trip because he needed to know that Aaron was okay. He was not. James was screamed at, yelled at, and verbally beaten. He stood there and took it because he thought it was deserved. He had ruined the young man's life, he wished he had never heard the name "James Perez", leave him and his family alone, and he wished James was dead. Then the police

Patrick Doan and cyberpunk: Finding humanism within transhumanism – STIRworld Patrick Doan and cyberpunk: Finding humanism within transhumanism – STIRworldVSuvo03/12/2022 03/12/2022 by Manu SharmaPublished on : Dec 02, 2022 Patrick Doan creates visuals that reference cyberpunk culture; which merges humanist explorations with transhumanist contexts. The visual and philosophical motifs of cyberpunk have mutated a great deal over the decades and can be considered mainstream today. As the visual artist identifies, this is largely because 2022 feels distinctly cyberpunk. He tells STIR, "We have essentially caught up with the early cyberpunk writings of the 1960s. We have large tech companies looming over us, and they are now part of our lives. We have polarising politics, and rising geopolitical tension, the natural earth is weakening and we look to space for a new life. The otherness of globalisation is also very real, and the cybernetic advancements of technology continue to creep up, slowly changing our biological bodies, and ultimately further dividing society." Doan spent his formative years establishing his primary interests within the realms of science-fiction, the near future and other related topics. His connection deepened as he realised he was effectively exploring visions of an unknowable future that could one day become a part of his life. He continues discussing the growth of his focus, and tells STIR, "I am also fascinated by cyberpunk because my ancestral roots are East Asian. I have a particular interest in its elements that always exotify the "other". I am referring, of course, to cities like Tokyo, the culture of Japan in general, and even Hong Kong. These glimpses into the unknown nearby future were something for me that felt quite familiar but just out of reach. This cultural clash that did not exist yet was exciting. So, if my work looks conceptually cyberpunk, it's because it's what comes most naturally to me." Although his work has evolved distinctly over the years, there has been an enduring anxiety regarding the future that has persisted since the beginning of his practice. This was largely due to the fact that the artist was idealising a tomorrow, either his own or for the larger human host, that he did not truly understand yet. He needed to give it a form, a visual shape, to interrogate it and explore it through different perspectives. "Most good cyberpunk works deal with a kind of core moral struggle at the heart of the human condition – what is it to be human? Can what we create be more human than us? Can society exist without humans?," says the visual artist. These unknowns continue to permeate through cyberpunk culture as no matter the relevant advancements humankind pursues, we are not as yet able to answer the question of why we are here, and where we are going after all this; this world that we struggle to keep alive. Doan was born in Montreal, Canada, now based in Berlin, Germany. He studied film, design and architecture, and spent his university years acquiring the conceptual and theoretical foundation for his current practice. However, the bulk of his graphic design skills are self-taught. His skills would subsequently be developed through project productions, content for large-scale international music events, and the creative work that he has been actively pursuing for some time now. He says, "Growing up as a 1990s teen in parallel with the birth of the commercial internet, I was in the first generation to have access to the dial-up world wide web. From there, I could download software like Photoshop, After Effects, music tracking software, etc. Already a sci-fi geek at heart, I was interested in making the type of content I now create, and like most other people in this line of work, the internet enabled me to develop that creativity with the growing (net)culture of other digital graphic artists that found their way online as well. Most of my early influences centre around the growing interest I had in electronic music, like Massive Attack, Portishead, Goldie, drum'n'bass, electro, acid house, Aphex Twin, Warp Records, Björk, the music videos by Chris Cunningham, graphics by The Designer's Republic, ecetera." Today, Doan's influences have diversified, yet still remain the same at their core. The creative landscape has expanded a great deal since his youth, and as it continues to do so, he follows current trends in science and technology, architecture, design, fashion, film, gaming, VR/AR, 3D character animation, other 3D graphics creators and advances in robotics and AI art . Discussing his plans for the near future, the Canadian artist tells STIR, "Now that cultural events are largely back to normal, I am actually interested in getting back to live performances again too. Doing more talks and giving presentations on my work would be great as well. I did a talk at MOUVO in Prague last April, and the feedback was better than I had expected. People are interested to see what ideas you have to share if, of course, you are onto something interesting. Since the pandemic, I have decided to make it a priority to travel again and absorb inspiration from everywhere. I did a trip to Vietnam in June 2022 and this trip really changed me, I unexpectedly found so much inspiration there. It was a journey of self-discovery for me and my father, and we took great joy in witnessing the realities of life and meeting the people who live there. It was all very humbling. The trip was mind-expanding and left a deep impression on me. I am aware of the different realities of Vietnam, but as of my trip in June 2022, I feel as though there are elements of cyberpunk in the big cities there, like Hanoi and Saigon too. Tall high-rises and foreign consumer investment set against lower-income business and housing districts. This is in stark contrast to the very traditional Vietnamese ways of life. It is modernity versus tradition. It felt like a small version of what China next door is undergoing now with its rapid economic growth that demands the very large population to all adapt to this change. So overall, I would basically like to spend more time there, and in South East Asia in general, for the foreseeable future." by Vidur SethiMay 14, 2022 by Shraddha NairMar 10, 2022 by Vatsala SethiNov 30, 2022 Manu Sharma Manu is a new media artist and an arts scholar, with a Masters in Asian Art Histories from LASALLE College of the Arts, Singapore. When he is not busy writing about art in the internet age, you can find him hard at work, making music videos. by Daria Kravchuk Nov 29, 2022 Sarah Foryame Lawler, the Head of Curatorial Planning in the Public Art department at Qatar Museums, speaks to STIR on public art, and connecting people and places. An immersive retrospective of the graffiti god's 100 most powerful works travels through Europe, in a first such democratic showcase installed at central public junctures. by Rahul Kumar Nov 27, 2022 A monumental exhibit presenting Pablo Picasso's works across paintings and sculptures include some of the most significant pieces by the iconic artist. As Manifesta 14 comes to an end, STIR takes a closer look at the way this nomadic biennial started transforming the host city of Prishtina, Kosovo, and itself. by Sunena V Maju Oct 31, 2022 by Dhwani Shanghvi Sep 13, 2022 by Vatsala Sethi Sep 24, 2022 Please confirm your email address and we'll send you a link to reset your password by STIRworld Oct 29, 2022 by Rahul Kumar Sep 06, 2022 by Sukanya Deb Nov 17, 2022 by Zohra Khan Nov 08, 2022 by Nadezna Siganporia Sep 16, 2022 Wix 50% discount deal offers savings for business sites – Startups.co.uk D L English Design Studio is hiring a Senior Interiors Designer in Pasadena, CA, US… 16th edition of 'Marketing Management' by Philip Kotler launched

Orton was a problem, the triumvirate of sadness that is the Bills quarterback competition in 2015 is certainly worse. Former Ravens backup, Tyrod Taylor, may actually be the player most worthy of starting there. Seriously. With little hope of improvement behind center, it's hard to expect Watkins to make a jump in fantasy. The arrival of Rex Ryan as the head coach brings yet another dark cloud over the passing game in Buffalo. Last year, Watkins maintained his WR3 status due to his 128 targets and the volume share he owned in the Bills offense. In Ryan's history as a head coach, only one receiver has ever seen more than 110 targets, and that was Eric Decker last season. As an evangelist of the power running game, the boisterous head coach has long torpedoed the fantasy careers of many formerly successful wideouts. In an effort to show the world he has no intentions of changing, one of Ryan's first few moves as head coach was to acquire and pay an aging running back. With every piece of evidence suggesting Watkins' opportunity is ready to decline, we must be worried about his catch efficiency. Whether the fault of the quarterback or his own ability, Watkins only caught 50.8 percent of his targets last season. With a likely downgrade at the quarterback position in town, there's no reason to expect that figure to rise. Fewer targets and a poor catch rate means he'll be hard pressed to produce at the same level he did as a rookie. There might not be a high profile wide receiver in a worse situation this year than Sammy Watkins. As such, it's hard to see any reason why his ADP is justifiable. MFL10 drafters peg him as the WR23, while ADP at NFL.com sees him come off the board as WR20. Such expectations of Watkins are, frankly, illogical. A WR20-23 finish would call for his numbers to improve from last year, and there is no tangible path for that to occur in 2015. He would be a safer gamble in the seventh round of drafts, but he's just never around that long. Sammy Watkins is a fine talent, but unless his price in fantasy finally drops, he should be squarely on every "do not draft" list this season. Despite being a first-round NFL Draft pick, Kelvin Benjamin fell quite late in many fantasy leagues last season, if he was even selected at all. Perhaps it was his reputation as a player that needed work, or the usually uninspiring nature of the Panthers passing game, but Benjamin flew under the radar in redraft leagues. The big rookie paid off in a major way for those who took a chance on him, as he recorded 73 catches for 1,008 yards and nine touchdowns, good for a WR16 finish in PPR leagues. Benjamin proved himself to be a positive force in Carolina's offense, and a weapon that jived well with their quarterback. However, a deeper look into some statistics show there are some holes to poke in his numbers from last season. Kelvin Benjamin just had the all-time greatest season for catching TDs in garbage time: 5 scores down 21+ in 4Q. Of course, garbage time points count in fantasy. Yet, predicting them year-to-year can be a tricky thing. Early in the season, Benjamin was amassing most of his production late in games after the team was already out of it. This was great for Benjamin's fantasy owners, who were getting production, but it was not a winning formula for the Panthers. It appeared Carolina soon realized this, as the offense changed during the latter part of the season. In the last four regular season games and two playoff contests, when they won five out of six games, the team became run-centric. During that stretch, Jonathan Stewart averaged 19.3 carries and 99 yards. That meant some pretty scary statistics for their rookie wide receiver. The numbers bear out that when the Panthers were at their best as a team, Kelvin Benjamin was less productive. Opinions are mixed on how good Carolina will be this season. However, no other team in the division improved much, and the organization made a firm commitment to Stewart this offseason. The other main issue surrounding Kelvin Benjamin is his efficiency. Benjamin was a volume player last year, with 145 targets, a near historic number for a rookie and good for sixth in the NFL last season. The competition the Panthers added in the offseason was in the form of second-round pick Devin Funchess. The receiver from Michigan has some intriguing ability, but how quickly he produces in the NFL is a mystery. With the lack of competition, there's a chance that Benjamin could see the same volume as last year, but that's a bet on the team not returning to the formula they won with last season. He'll need those targets to keep coming as he maintained a 50.3 percent catch rate, which was third-lowest among receivers with at least 110 targets. Benjamin also only converted 20 percent of his red-zone targets into touchdowns. Now, the blame for those poor statistics need not lay solely at his feet. Cam Newton is an excellent player, but has always been an erratic passer. During his low streaks, he can certainly send passes over his receiver's heads, which contributes to the lower catch rates of all his receivers including Benjamin. However, the former Seminole had a reputation as a drop-ridden, mistake-prone player in college, and that bore itself out in the pros, despite his production. The #KelvinCoaster had its ups and downs as a rookie, and those moments are illuminated in his concerning catch rate. Kelvin Benjamin is a strong asset to his NFL team, but his fantasy stock is concerning. With so much of his production clearly riding on volume, and the team's philosophy, it's fair to wonder whether he takes a step back. His current ADP of WR17 in MFL10's, and an even more aggressive WR13 at NFL.com, provides no cushion for any sort of drop off, as he finished as the WR17 last year. In a run oriented offense, with an occasionally erratic quarterback, it's hard to see this inconsistent receiver outperforming his ADP. The only way that happens is if Cam Newton's offense moves the ball much better, and Benjamin is able to use his big body better to score more touchdowns in the red zone. While not impossible, it would be quite a shift from the garbage-time driven ways of his rookie season. Kelvin Benjamin will be plenty useful in fantasy this season, but his current asking price is too rich. Other target hogs, like Brandon Marshall and Allen Robinson, are available later, as are higher upside players in superior offenses, Andre Johnson and Martavis Bryant. There is rightly a mystique around the Green Bay Packers offense. The unit consistently finishes as one of the highest-scoring outfits in the NFL. Aaron Rodgers is the commander of one of the most efficient pass attacks in the NFL, and the team churns out productive receivers like a car factory. Unfortunately, that green and yellow mystique has brought too much hype to a certain second-year receiver in Davante Adams. Rather quietly, Adams struggled as a rookie in Green Bay's offense. He was the least efficient first-year fantasy receiver last year, scoring .08 fantasy points per snap. Coming from a wide-open Fresno State offense in the Mountain West Conference, a slow transition to the NFL should have been expected. Adams had issues separating from man coverage, and was often out of rhythm on the timing based routes Aaron Rodgers executes in that offense. The Packers used three-receiver sets on 91 percent of their plays last season, and

The first thing you need to know about reality is, that people disagree, because interests collide. Glenn Greenwald broke a story about surveillance, data mining, and the National Security Agency, and he's sincere about presenting the whistle blower who facilitated his scoop as a good guy. Three weeks ago, Snowden made final preparations that resulted in last week's series of blockbuster news stories. At the NSA office in Hawaii where he was working, he copied the last set of documents he intended to disclose. He then advised his NSA supervisor that he needed to be away from work for "a couple of weeks" in order to receive treatment for epilepsy, a condition he learned he suffers from after a series of seizures last year. As he packed his bags, he told his girlfriend that he had to be away for a few weeks, though he said he was vague about the reason. "That is not an uncommon occurrence for someone who has spent the last decade working in the intelligence world." On May 20, he boarded a flight to Hong Kong, where he has remained ever since. He chose the city because "they have a spirited commitment to free speech and the right of political dissent", and because he believed that it was one of the few places in the world that both could and would resist the dictates of the US government. In the three weeks since he arrived, he has been ensconced in a hotel room. "I've left the room maybe a total of three times during my entire stay," he said. It is a plush hotel and, what with eating meals in his room too, he has run up big bills. He is deeply worried about being spied on. He lines the door of his hotel room with pillows to prevent eavesdropping. He puts a large red hood over his head and laptop when entering his passwords to prevent any hidden cameras from detecting them. Though that may sound like paranoia to some, Snowden has good reason for such fears. He worked in the US intelligence world for almost a decade. He knows that the biggest and most secretive surveillance organisation in America, the NSA, along with the most powerful government on the planet, is looking for him. Since the disclosures began to emerge, he has watched television and monitored the internet, hearing all the threats and vows of prosecution emanating from Washington. And he knows only too well the sophisticated technology available to them and how easy it will be for them to find him. The NSA police and other law enforcement officers have twice visited his home in Hawaii and already contacted his girlfriend, though he believes that may have been prompted by his absence from work, and not because of suspicions of any connection to the leaks. "All my options are bad," he said. The US could begin extradition proceedings against him, a potentially problematic, lengthy and unpredictable course for Washington. Or the Chinese government might whisk him away for questioning, viewing him as a useful source of information. Or he might end up being grabbed and bundled into a plane bound for US territory. "Yes, I could be rendered by the CIA. I could have people come after me. Or any of the third-party partners. They work closely with a number of other nations. Or they could pay off the Triads. Any of their agents or assets," he said. "We have got a CIA station just up the road – the consulate here in Hong Kong – and I am sure they are going to be busy for the next week. And that is a concern I will live with for the rest of my life, however long that happens to be." Having watched the Obama administration prosecute whistleblowers at a historically unprecedented rate, he fully expects the US government to attempt to use all its weight to punish him. "I am not afraid," he said calmly, "because this is the choice I've made." He predicts the government will launch an investigation and "say I have broken the Espionage Act and helped our enemies, but that can be used against anyone who points out how massive and invasive the system has become". The only time he became emotional during the many hours of interviews was when he pondered the impact his choices would have on his family, many of whom work for the US government. "The only thing I fear is the harmful effects on my family, who I won't be able to help any more. That's what keeps me up at night," he said, his eyes welling up with tears. Henry Blodget, though, argues that "…the tech companies are just providing the government with standard electronic delivery of requested data." Hart Williams "lampoons" Greenwald – and that's about the nicest thing I can call his argument. Arizona's senator, John McCain expressed his inner nostalgic crank, when he asked us rebel scum to recall "…if this was September 12, 2001, we might not be having the argument that we're having today." McCain went on to rule out comprehensive Congressional oversight, because the Intelligence committees in both chambers were adequate to the job. The Director of National Intelligence, James Clapper finds Snowdon's allegations "absurd", and accuses Greenwald of "rushing" his scoop into print. Michigan's representative, Mike Rogers, a member of the House Intelligence committee conveniently and self-importantly claimed Greenwald "…doesn't have a clue how this thing works…Nether did the person who released just enough information to literally be dangerous." None of this invective is convincing, because, in addition to insulting the legitimate concern these revelations raise, these defenses fail to acknowledge that the programs don't work, and that there are alternatives. Rachel Levinson-Waldman argues that "…This kind of dragnet-style data capture simply doesn't keep us safe." First, intelligence and law enforcement agencies are increasingly drowning in data; the more that comes in, the harder it is to stay afloat. Most recently, the failure of the intelligence community to intercept the 2009 "underwear bomber" was blamed in large part on a surfeit of information: according to an official White House review, a significant amount of critical information was "embedded in a large volume of other data." Similarly, the independent investigation of the alleged shootings by U.S. Army Major Nidal Hasan at Fort Hood concluded that the "crushing volume" of information was one of the factors that hampered the FBI's analysis before the attack. Multiple security officials have echoed this assessment. As one veteran CIA agent told The Washington Post in 2010, "The problem is that the system is clogged with information. Most of it isn't of interest, but people are afraid not to put it in." A former Department of Homeland Security official told a Senate subcommittee that there was "a lot of data clogging the system with no value." Even former Defense Secretary Robert Gates acknowledged that "we've built tremendous capability, but do we have more than we need?" And the NSA itself was brought to a grinding halt before 9/11 by the "torrent of data" pouring into the system, leaving the agency "brain-dead" for half a week and "[unable] to process information," as its then-director Gen. Michael Hayden publicly acknowledged. National security hawks say there's a simple answer to this glut: data mining. The NSA has apparently described its computer systems as having the ability to "manipulate and analyze huge volumes of data at mind-boggling speeds." Could those systems pore through this information trove to come up with unassailable patterns of terrorist activity? The Department of Defense and security experts have concluded that the answer is no: There is simply no known way to effectively anticipate terrorist threats. Credit card companies are held up as the data-mining paradigm. But the companies' success in detecting fraud

Google is doing an incredible amount of artificial intelligence and machine-learning based on the data that they collect. And we know a little bit about the data that they collect, because we can see in the Chrome browser, for example, we have a tool, which is different than DeleteMe, called Blur, which you install into the Chrome browser. Which, by the way, in the United States has about a 93% share of the browser market right now. So a huge monopoly in terms of people surfing the internet, using Chrome, at least on their desktop computers. Obviously, on mobile, it's more of a fight between Apple and Google. But the point being is we can see all of the data that that Chrome browser is collecting. And it includes every site that you visit, how long you're on that site, every search that you do into Google, which is the default search engine, obviously, unless you switched to something like DuckDuckGo, which by the way we recommend. Rob: And so they are- and they collect a ton of additional information, including potentially every keystroke that you put into every form field that you- that you interact with. And every login and password that you store inside the Chrome password manager. Your credit cards, the transactions that you do... And here's the real problem: As if that wasn't enough data for Google, they're providing a whole lot of other services that many of us use. Not just our Android phones. So the data on our location, wherever we walk around with our phones, but also increasingly our business documents. A lot of people use Google email now, Gmail, for corporations. Not just personal Gmail accounts. So every email you get, every account email message that comes into your inbox, all of your friends that send you emails, their email addresses. And they're connecting and- you know, for what it's worth: Google is an incredibly smart company that hires and pays top dollar for the best talent. And I can tell you, from having lived in Silicon Valley for many years, when you walk around the beautiful Google campus in Mountain View, California, the sun is shining, people are riding around on red- and green- and yellow-colored bikes, and these people are the smart- and they're having free lunch where- you know, whatever they want. It is a beautiful campus. And it attracts the best, smartest people in the world. And part of the problem with what does Google know about you is that these people are taking all that data, and they're analyzing it in probably the smartest way that you can- in the- the smartest people in the world today can analyze data. Paul: Yeah. And you mentioned something there, which actually I'm watching a documentary on at the moment around AI, mainly based in China and what China- you know, with the tech wars going on, about taking the smartest people in China, and China being in this tech war with the U.S. What is it that you see that we got to fear from AI? When you say that Google use AI, or maybe some other- like Facebook uses AI. Is there anything we should be fearing? Is it helping us? Or is it potentially a bigger threat to us as well? Rob: Yeah. It's a good question. And I think it's really a big debate right now in Silicon Valley. When you go have dinners with the people that run the technology companies there, they're sitting around debating whether AI will be a huge problem or not. I don't think- personally, I have a slightly different view on it than I think most people in Silicon Valley. They- I think the prevailing view is they believe that AI will take over and do most of the analysis that people are doing right now, to make decisions, won't be done by people anymore. So that would affect a lot of things. A lot of jobs, a lot of decision-making. That sort of thing. And I think it becomes a problem for regular people like us and probably the majority of your listeners, when it affects our lives. For example, we're trying to get health insurance, because we get a new job. Well, all of a sudden, there's a whole bunch of data and AI making a decision about whether to give us health insurance or how much we should pay for it, that we have no idea about. We have no- we have lost any control over that decision, because it's being made by a bunch of data that we don't know about, but that is- that was once somehow belon- it somehow belonged to us. So the problem with AI is that it will be making many decisions. Even if it doesn't turn into a giant human-like robot, like in the- you know, in the movies or in science fiction. Even if we don't get there, it's going to make a lot of decisions about us that are important to our daily lives, and that we may not have any control over or any visibility into. Paul: Yeah. And I think, when I- when you mention that, one of the things that sort of takes me back and makes me wonder is, of course, getting credit. I just read something the other day about credit scoring. And, you know, basically monitoring your spending patterns and whether you can get a good credit score, even to the point where I think that the article was relating Netflix to getting a good credit score as well. And, like you say, what would typically go to a bank as an underwriter, and someone would have a certain amount of information on you, now, potentially, all that information is there on you, that historical information, to make a decision on whether you're worthy of credit, whether you're worthy of life insurance. And, as you say, that can be pretty frightening. Rob: And I think- I think China thinks that's a great thing. Rob: And I think that they believe it's going to be the bedrock, the foundation, of, you know, a more perfect society. And I think that the Western world is going to have to create a lot of laws and regulation to put boundaries around this, to preserve our privacy and to preserve our freedom. Because that's the only way- you know, there are tools, you know. DeleteMe is a great service, I hope everybody checks it out. There are- you know, DuckDuckGo is a good place to keep your searches private. There are tools that all of us should be trying, and if we like them and they're easy enough to use, integrate into our daily lives to protect some of our data and our privacy. However, ultimately we're going to have to draw, as a government and a society, we're going to have to draw some boundaries around this. Because, as you know, technology just gets better, faster and cheaper over time. Paul: Yeah. And to- on to that point you've just mentioned about drafting or drawing some boundaries around that, I see that Google is now kind of being, you know, dragged into the courts, dragged in front of the Senate as well. Is it about time? Are they too big to stop, for example? Do you think- or it's- you know, U.S. government potentially, or European governments, can start doing something about these too-big-to-fail organizations? Rob: I mean, I think the courts will decide. But I do think it's time to have that conversation, have the level of government, society and judicial systems. If you think back 20 years ago in the United

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\node [style=none] (15) at (0.5, 2.5) {$\bar{X^*}^*$}; \node [style=none] (16) at (0.7499999, -1.5) {$\bar{(\_)}$}; \node [style=none] (17) at (-2.25, -1.25) {}; \node [style=none] (18) at (-0.5, -1.25) {$\epsilon*$}; \node [style=none] (19) at (-1.5, 3) {$\bar{\eta*}$}; \node [style=none] (20) at (-1.25, 0.75) {$\bar{X^*}$}; \node [style=none] (21) at (-1.75, 1.75) {$\bar{X}$}; \end{pgfonlayer} \begin{pgfonlayer}{edgelayer} \draw (0.center) to (1.center); \draw [bend left=90, looseness=2.00] (1.center) to (2.center); \draw (2.center) to (3.center); \draw [bend right=90, looseness=1.50] (3.center) to (4.center); \draw (5) to (6.center); \draw (8.center) to (9.center); \draw (12.center) to (11.center); \draw (10.center) to (11.center); \draw (8.center) to (12.center); \draw (17.center) to (5); \draw (4.center) to (17.center); \end{pgfonlayer} \end{tikzpicture} = \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{pgfonlayer}{nodelayer} \node [style=none] (0) at (-2.5, 4.75) {}; \node [style=none] (1) at (-2.5, -0.5) {}; \node [style=none] (2) at (-1, -0.5) {}; \node [style=none] (3) at (-1, 2) {}; \node [style=none] (4) at (0.5, 2) {}; \node [style=circle, scale=2.5] (5) at (0.4999999, -1.25) {}; \node [style=none] (6) at (0.4999999, -2.5) {}; \node [style=none] (7) at (0.4999999, -1.25) {$\varepsilon$}; \node [style=none] (8) at (-3, 4.5) {$\bar{\left( \bar{X^*} \right)^*}$}; \node [style=none] (9) at (0.9999999, -2) {$X$}; \node [style=none] (10) at (0.5, -1.25) {}; \node [style=none] (11) at (-1.75, -1.75) {$\bar{\epsilon*}$}; \node [style=none] (12) at (-0.25, 3) {$\bar{\bar{\eta*}}$}; \node [style=none] (13) at (-1.5, 1) {$\bar{\bar{X^*}}$}; \node [style=none] (14) at (1, 1) {$\bar{\bar{X}}$}; \end{pgfonlayer} \begin{pgfonlayer}{edgelayer} \draw (0.center) to (1.center); \draw [bend right=90, looseness=2.00] (1.center) to (2.center); \draw (2.center) to (3.center); \draw [bend left=90, looseness=1.50] (3.center) to (4.center); \draw (5) to (6.center); \draw (10.center) to (5); \draw (4.center) to (10.center); \end{pgfonlayer} \end{tikzpicture} \stackrel{\ref{Lemma: varepsi monoidal}}{=} \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{pgfonlayer}{nodelayer} \node [style=none] (0) at (1.25, 0.5) {}; \node [style=none] (1) at (1.25, 2) {}; \node [style=none] (2) at (2.5, 2) {}; \node [style=none] (3) at (2.5, -2.5) {}; \node [style=none] (4) at (-0.75, 2.75) {$\bar{\bar{X^*}^*}$}; \node [style=none] (5) at (2.75, -2) {$X$}; \node [style=circle, scale=2.5] (6) at (1.25, -0.25) {}; \node [style=none] (7) at (1.25, 0.5) {}; \node [style=none] (8) at (1.25, -1) {}; \node [style=none] (9) at (0, -1) {}; \node [style=none] (10) at (0, 3.5) {}; \node [style=none] (11) at (1.25, -0.25) {$\varepsilon^{-1}$}; \node [style=none] (12) at (0.75, -1.75) {$\bar{\epsilon*}$}; \node [style=none] (13) at (1, 0.25) {}; \node [style=none] (14) at (1.5, 1.5) {$X^*$}; \node [style=none] (15) at (1.75, 2.75) {$\eta*$}; \end{pgfonlayer} \begin{pgfonlayer}{edgelayer} \draw (2.center) to (3.center); \draw [bend right=90, looseness=1.50] (2.center) to (1.center); \draw (6) to (8.center); \draw [bend left=90, looseness=1.25] (8.center) to (9.center); \draw (9.center) to (10.center); \draw (7.center) to (6); \draw (0.center) to (1.center); \end{pgfonlayer} \end{tikzpicture} =: \iota^{-1} \] \end{proof} \begin{theorem} Every cyclic, $\dagger$-$*$-autonomous category is a conjugative $*$-autonomous category. \end{theorem} \begin{proof} Let $\mathbb{X}$ be a cyclic, $\dagger$-$*$-autonomous category then composing adjoints gives the equivalence $(\_)^{\dagger^*} \dashv (\_)^{*^\dagger}$. To build a conjugation, however, we need an equivalence between the same functors: to obtain such an equivalence we use the natural equivalence $\omega: (\_)^{*\dagger} \@ifnextchar^ {\t@@}{\t@@^{}} (\_)^{\dagger*}$ from the cyclor preserving condition for Frobenius linear functors. A conjugative equivalence, in addition, requires that the unit and counit of the equivalence be inverses of each of other. The unit and counit of the equivalence are given by {\em (a)} and {\em (b)} respectively; \[ \mbox{\em (a)}~~~~~~~~~ \xymatrix{ \mathbb{X}^{\sf rev} \ar@{=}[rrrr] \ar[dr]_{(\_)^{*^\mathsf{op}}} & & \ar@{}[d]|{\Downarrow ~ \eta_\otimes'}& & \mathbb{X}^{\sf rev} \ar@{<-}[ld]^{(\_)^{*^\mathsf{op}}} & \\ & \mathbb{X}^{\mathsf{op}} \ar@{=}[rr] \ar[dr]_{\dagger} & \ar@{}[d]|{\Downarrow ~ \iota^{-1}} & \mathbb{X}^{\sf op} \ar@{<-}[ld]^{\dagger^\mathsf{op}} \ar@{}[rr]_{\omega} \ar@{}[rr]^{\Longrightarrow} & & \mathbb{X}^{\sf oprev} \ar@{<-}@/^1pc/[llld]^{(\_)^{*^{\sf oprev}}} \ar@/_1pc/[ul]_{\dagger^\mathsf{rev}} \\ & & \mathbb{X} & & } \] \[ \mbox{\em (b)}~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \xymatrix{ & & & \mathbb{X}^{\mathsf{rev}} \ar@{<-}@/_1pc/[llld]_{\dagger^\mathsf{rev}} \ar@{<-}[dl]_{(\_)^{*^{\mathsf{rev}}}} \ar[dr]^{(\_)^{*^{\sf op}}} \ar@{}[d]|{\Downarrow ~ \epsilon'_\otimes} & &\\ \mathbb{X}^{\sf op rev} \ar@{<-}[rd]_{(\_)^{*^{\sf oprev}}} \ar@{}[rr]_{\omega^{-1}} \ar@{}[rr]^{\Longrightarrow} & & \mathbb{X}^{\sf op} \ar@{=}[rr] \ar@{<-}[dl]^{\dagger^\mathsf{op}} & \ar@{}[d]|{\Downarrow ~ \iota^{-1}} & \mathbb{X}^{\sf op} \ar[dr]^{\dagger} \\ & \mathbb{X} \ar@{=}[rrrr]& & & & \mathbb{X} } \] where the isomorphism $\omega: (\_)^{\dagger*} \@ifnextchar^ {\t@@}{\t@@^{}} (\_)^{*\dagger}$ is from the cyclor preserving condition for Frobenius linear functors. \[ \omega := \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{pgfonlayer}{nodelayer} \node [style=none] (0) at (0, 5) {}; \node [style=none] (1) at (0, 3) {}; \node [style=none] (2) at (-1, 3) {}; \node [style=none] (3) at (-1, 4) {}; \node [style=none] (4) at (-2, 4) {}; \node [style=circle, scale=2.5] (5) at (-2, 2.25) {}; \node [style=none] (6) at (-2, 1) {}; \node [style=none] (7) at (-2, 2.25) {$\psi^\dagger$}; \node [style=none] (8) at (0.5, 4.5) {$X^{\dagger*}$}; \node [style=none] (9) at (-2.5, 1.5) {$X^{*\dagger}$}; \node [style=none] (10) at (-0.5, 2.25) {$\epsilon*$}; \node [style=none] (11) at (-1.5, 4.75) {$(*\epsilon)^\dagger$}; \end{pgfonlayer} \begin{pgfonlayer}{edgelayer} \draw (0.center) to (1.center); \draw [bend left=90, looseness=2.00] (1.center) to (2.center); \draw (2.center) to (3.center); \draw [bend right=90, looseness=1.75] (3.center) to (4.center); \draw (4.center) to (5); \draw (5) to (6.center); \end{pgfonlayer} \end{tikzpicture} ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \omega^{-1} := \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{pgfonlayer}{nodelayer} \node [style=none] (0) at (-2, 1) {}; \node [style=none] (1) at (-2, 3) {}; \node [style=none] (2) at (-1, 3) {}; \node [style=none] (3) at (-1, 2) {}; \node [style=none] (4) at (0, 2) {}; \node [style=circle, scale=2.5] (5) at (0, 3.75) {}; \node [style=none] (6) at (0, 5) {}; \node [style=none] (7) at (0, 3.75) {$\psi^\dagger$}; \node [style=none] (8) at (-2.5, 1.5) {$X^{\dagger*}$}; \node [style=none] (9) at (0.5, 4.5) {$X^{*\dagger}$}; \node [style=none] (10) at (-1.5, 3.75) {$\eta*$}; \node [style=none] (11) at (-0.5, 1.25) {$(*\eta^{-1})^\dagger$}; \end{pgfonlayer} \begin{pgfonlayer}{edgelayer} \draw (0.center) to (1.center); \draw [bend left=90, looseness=2.00] (1.center) to (2.center); \draw (2.center) to (3.center); \draw [bend right=90, looseness=1.75] (3.center) to (4.center); \draw (4.center) to (5); \draw (5) to (6.center); \end{pgfonlayer} \end{tikzpicture} \] It remains to show that the unit and the counit maps are inverses of each other in $\mathbb{X}$: \[ (a) ~~~~~ \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{pgfonlayer}{nodelayer} \node [style=none] (0) at (-2, 5) {}; \node [style=none] (1) at (-2, 3) {}; \node [style=none] (2) at (-1, 3) {}; \node [style=none] (3) at (-1, 4) {}; \node [style=none] (4) at (0, 4) {}; \node [style=circle, scale=2.5] (5) at (0, 3) {}; \node [style=none] (6) at (0, 2) {}; \node [style=none] (7) at (0, 3) {$\psi^{-1}$}; \node [style=none] (8) at (-1.5, 2.25) {$\epsilon*$}; \node [style=none] (9) at (-0.5, 4.75) {$*\eta$}; \node [style=none] (10) at (0, 2) {}; \node [style=none] (11) at (-1.75, 1.75) {$\eta*$}; \node [style=none] (12) at (-1, -1) {}; \node [style=none] (13) at (-2.5, 0.75) {}; \node [style=none] (14) at (-2.5, -1.25) {}; \node [style=none] (15) at (-1, 0.75) {}; \node [style=none] (16) at (-0.5, -1.75) {$\epsilon*$}; \node [style=none] (17) at (0, -1) {}; \node [style=none] (18) at (-3.5, -1.25) {}; \node [style=none] (19) at (-3.5, -0.25) {}; \node [style=none] (20) at (-4.5, -0.25) {}; \node [style=circle, scale=2.5] (21) at (-4.5, -1.25) {}; \node [style=none] (22) at (-4.5, -2.25) {}; \node [style=none] (23) at (-4.5, -1.25) {$\psi^\dagger$}; \node [style=circle, scale=2.5] (24) at (-1, -0) {}; \node [style=none] (25) at (-1, -0) {$\iota^{-1}$}; \node [style=none] (26) at (-5.5, -2) {$X^{*\dagger*\dagger}$}; \node [style=none] (27) at (-4, 0.5) {$(*\epsilon)^\dagger$}; \node [style=none] (28) at (-3, -2) {$\epsilon*$}; \node [style=none] (29) at (-1.75, 0.5) {$(X^*)^{\dagger \dagger}$}; \node [style=none] (30) at (-1.5, -0.75) {$X^*$}; \node [style=none] (31) at (0.5, 0.5) {$X^{**}$}; \node [style=none] (32) at (-2.5, 4.5) {$X$}; \end{pgfonlayer} \begin{pgfonlayer}{edgelayer} \draw (0.center) to (1.center); \draw [bend right=90, looseness=2.00] (1.center) to (2.center); \draw (2.center) to (3.center); \draw [bend left=90, looseness=1.75] (3.center) to (4.center); \draw (4.center) to (5); \draw (5) to (6.center); \draw (10.center) to (17.center); \draw [bend left=90, looseness=2.00] (17.center) to (12.center); \draw [bend right=90, looseness=1.75] (15.center) to (13.center); \draw (14.center) to (13.center); \draw [bend right=90, looseness=1.50] (18.center) to (14.center); \draw (18.center) to (19.center); \draw [bend right=90, looseness=1.50] (19.center) to (20.center); \draw (20.center) to (21); \draw (21) to (22.center); \draw (15.center) to (24); \draw (24) to (12.center); \end{pgfonlayer} \end{tikzpicture} = \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{pgfonlayer}{nodelayer} \node [style=none] (0) at (-2, 5) {}; \node [style=none] (1) at (-2, 3) {}; \node [style=none] (2) at (-1, 3) {}; \node [style=none] (3) at (-1, 4) {}; \node [style=none] (4) at (0, 4) {}; \node [style=circle, scale=2.5] (5) at

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and popular bore sizes for trombone slides are 0. ) "Tuning your instrument" usually refers to this kin of global tuning. Join 69 other followers. Download free sheet music -- thousands of pieces for guitar, piano, choral, Christmas, brass, violin, woodwind, and more in our free sheet music libraries! No limits!. Online Guitar Tuner. Free Trumpet Music Printouts: 11642: Digital Tuner For Trumpet: 6575: Trumpet Tuner Free: 5889: Free Music Online Sheet Trumpet: 3080: Trumpet Tuner: 2956: Piccolo Trumpet Fingering Chart: 2665: Piccolo Trumpet Ebay: 2453: Angel Trumpet Contact Php: 2355: Trumpet Vine Seed Pods: 1944: Mike Vax Getzen Trumpet: 1418. The first thing that draws me toward a trumpet player is their sound. The frequency of the pulses is measured in beats per minute (BPM). Tuning Basics. Call 800-472-6274 for expert advice. Learning the Alto Trombone Drawn from my own playing experience, research, and 17 years of full-time college teaching, here are a few suggestions for learning the alto trombone. This project can and will be adapted to other instruments, so don't worry if you don't play trombone. In the previous tutorial, we taught you how to gain endurance to play long notes. This tuner was built by trombone players to other trombone players to tune their instrument fast, accurate and with no extra effort. Press the Pistons 5. Johnson played by Wayne Burcham-Gulotta at Church of the Redeemer, Episcopal, Morristown, NJ. I have been through probably a dozen Ambassador cornets via ebay and at least half of them had stuck tuning slides. Accordion Tuning. A trumpet metronome and tuner are great tools to help beginners get the right amount of tuning into their trumpet, but there are also many benefits for those who have been playing the. An archive of user submitted F. Click on the highlighted songs, then watch, listen and enjoy the trumpet music videos of the popular songs. Hymn and Psalm Tune Lists. How To Set Up Your Trumpet. Accordion tuning and trombone tuning are similar in that they both use a serpentine routing pattern. Episode 4435. A trumpet is a brass instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles. Qualifying orders include sales of select in-stock CPH merchandise/product only and exclude special-order items (drop-ship or print-on-demand), gift cards or gift certificates, prepublications, technology subscriptions, technology support, other subscription or perpetual purchases, and Lutherans For Life (LFL), Lutheran Women's Missionary League (LWML), Bethesda. BIOGRAPHICAL INFO: I began playing trombone in September of 1971 and then began study with Harold Diner in December 1971. Absolutely beautiful shape with the original leather type case. The slow march Trumpet Tune Video will start in a few seconds. Buy Mendini by Cecilio Bb Trumpet w/Tuner, Stand, Pocketbook, Deluxe Case and 1 Year Warranty, Gold Lacquer MTT-L+SD+PB+92D at Walmart. If you love Bandmate and would like to "pay what you want for it", just use this Paypal link. Enjoy the balanced, comfortable playing experience & superior tone quality of a Schilke B6L B-Flat Trumpet. Water key: tube allowing the saliva to evacuate. In fact, K&M standards are so high that the water flowing out of their plant is DRINKABLE!. 500 The bell size and thickness are standard and are made of yellow brass. , the first authenticated trombone arrived in the 14th century with the first use of the tuning slide (the trombone slide is simply an elongated, easily operated tuning slide). Get in tune easily and accurately without installing anything. Whether you're looking for custom work, cleaning or just accessories, A minor Tune Up has it all. The hand slide is nickel silver inner and yellow brass outer. The tuning note for trumpets is the C on the scale. Play a virtual trumpet by blowing into your computer's microphone and using the arrow keys to control the valves! Right click on the trumpet, go to settings, click the microphone, and flip through the menu untill you find an input that works. And so is the audience. "Prospect" – hymn tune "Prospect" is a tune that appears in William Walker's Southern Harmony (1835), which stands alongside Benjamin Franklin White's The Sacred Harp (1844) as one of the most important compilations of shape-note hymns — a genre of singing and method of teaching that originated in 19th-century American. ) the conversion factor is 4 cents = 1Hz. The CenterPitch CP10XL 3-In-1 Tuner is a mic & plug based, non clip-on style tuner and intonation training tool. Korg's AW-LT100 line of clip-on tuners offer high-precision tuning, a vivid, full-color display and an incredible 100 hours of battery life. Which octave the middle voice plays depends on the instrument, the range of the notes and what sound you want. We are grateful to the Philharmonia orchestra's Sound Exchange for many of the sound samples in the notes sections of the C:T sound bank. The CarolBrass entry-level Tenor Trombone in Bb - model CTB-2207-YSS-YNNY-73 is a high-quality, entry-level, student trombone. You are currently on this page - Online metronome & tuner; Buying an Instrument; Dictionaries & Composer Biographies; Jazz & Blues; Caring for a Brass Instrument; National Anthem Resources; Music Theory Links & Games; Blank manuscript paper; Band Handbook; Meet Ms. I love projects like these, and I think you do too. Most beginning Trumpet players are better off tuning to a Concert F which is a G on Trumpet. Due to the evolution of Java technology, use of the site has become difficult because of all the messages displayed. Do you know which tunes you will be doing so I can download the right charts?. A tuning fork's pitch depends on the length and mass of the two prongs. Trumpet voluntaries are associated with the English Baroque era, and usually consist of a slow introduction followed by a faster section with the right hand playing fanfare -like figures over a simple accompaniment in the left hand. Trombone length matching for high-speed signals. Dear Freegigmusic Friend: This site is free and always will be. Find your perfect arrangement and access a variety of transpositions so you can print and play instantly, anywhere. 75" Pave Charm 8. On trumpet, the 3rd space C (most commonly used tuning note) is actually slightly out of tune on every trumpet. The tuning slide usually has a small water key on the end for the player to blow excess moisture out of the trumpet. If it's with a clip-on tuner, allowing you to free up your hands to play your instrument of choice, then you're definitely in the right place. Practice with our free online metronome and get inspired by fresh views on music education, new music releases, and music culture. trumpet scales August 17, 2012 Music Trumpet trumpet scales website Leave a comment It's so important to li… August 15, 2012 Music Trumpet 6 Comments Lesson August 15, 2012 exersises for trumpet Lesson metronome Music Trumpet trumpet lesson Leave a comment Trumpet jokes August 15, 2012 jokes Music Trumpet trumpet jokes Leave a comment Chat room. An archive of user submitted F. I like playing pop songs on the trumpet! I started the channel 'trumpetmusiconline' two years ago. The TonalEnergy Tuner is the first multi-purpose application that allows users of all ages to understand and improve every aspect of their sounds. Drummond Wolff. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Stream Purcell Trumpet Tune. Buy Trumpet Tune in D Major by Daniel Bishop from Waterstones today! Click and Collect from your local Waterstones or get FREE UK delivery on orders over £20. Each of these parts of the trumpet has its own care and maintenance regimen. The Conn Trumpet Model List This page is an updated, full trumpet model number list. The trumpet has

A Veterans Day student exhibit of military uniforms, medals, and photographs spanning World War II to present will be displayed in the Lincoln Lounge of the Centennial Student Union on Friday, Nov. 11, from 11:45 a.m. to 4 p.m. A diverse group of five Minnesota State Mankato alums will describe what it's like to face adversity and triumph while attending college in an event for students titled "Finding Your Place: A Night of Storytelling About College" that is scheduled for Monday, Nov. 14 at 7 p.m. on campus in Centennial Student Union's Ostrander Auditorium. The storytelling event is open to all Minnesota State Mankato students, but it is primarily aimed at first- and second-year college students as part of a national three-year project, "Re-Imagining the First Year of College," in which Minnesota State Mankato is participating. This event is sponsored by the "Re-Imagining the First Year of College" initiative on campus in collaboration with the University's Department of Communication Studies. For more information about the Monday, Nov. 14 event, please contact David Engen, associate professor and chair of the Department of Communication Studies, by phone at 507-389-5537 or by email at david.engen@mnsu.edu. Minnesota State Mankato's Department of Computer Information Science was recognized with an Excellence in Curriculum Programming Award during a ceremony at a Minnesota State Academic and Student Affairs Leadership Conference on Thursday, Oct. 20. Any program, curriculum or partnership active in the 2015-2016 academic year were considered. The Department of Computer Information Science was noted for being a frontrunner in its constantly advancing, dynamic field. Its program and majors were noted as being a leader within the Minnesota State system in terms of recruitment and employment of its graduates and more. The department's graduates have applied their knowledge and leadership skills while being hired for jobs in companies such as 3M, General Mills, Brown Printing, Thompson-Reuters, GMAC-RFC, Federated Insurance and Securian. The Minnesota State Mankato Center for Talent Development will hold a strategic partnership celebration on Monday, Nov. 14 from 10-11:30 a.m. in the Centennial Student Union Ballroom, with a short program beginning at 10:30 a.m. RSVP by calling 507-389-1094 or sending an email to Tammy Bohlke. Sponsored by the University's Division of Strategic Business, Education and Regional Partnerships, the event will recognize the University's 2016 investment in human and intellectual capital through a wide range of collaborations. Partners from the manufacturing and health care industries and others will have the opportunity to learn about innovative programs between the University and regional employers while hearing highlights of key initiatives in business start-up support, training through workforce development grants and future innovations in customized training. North Star Aviation and Minnesota State Mankato were host to the Region 5 Flight team Competition from Oct. 4-7 at the Mankato Regional Airport. Competing teams included Minnesota State Mankato, the University of North Dakota and the University of Dubuque. The competition featured both flight events and ground events, including written exams, aircraft identification and simulator scenarios. Minnesota State Mankato finished second and earned an invitation to the national flight team competition, which will be held at Ohio State University in early May. At the regional competition, the Minnesota State Mankato team was awarded the overall competition safety award by the judges, and one of the team's pilots received the top pilot award. The President's Commission on the Status of Women is once again offering research and professional development grants to students, faculty, and staff at Minnesota State Mankato. Stipends of up to $500 are available to student and employees to conduct research or attend professional development opportunities concerned with the status of women and/or gender-related issues. For more information and to submit your electronic grant proposal, please visit the PCSW website. The fall deadline is Friday, Nov. 18 at 4 p.m. All activities using funds must occur before June 1, 2017. The commission is not able to fund equipment requests or incentives. Please email questions to Liz Steinborn-Gourley or call 507-389-2693. Global Education named Aldo Kusnardi as the Minnesota State Mankato fall winner of the Mark M. Welter Scholarship. The award is given to 30 Minnesota Colleges and University students who are in good academic standing and have demonstrated a keen awareness of our interconnected world. Kusnardi is from Tangerang City, Indonesia, and is studying mechanical engineering. Students can now apply for the Spring 2017 Mark M. Welter World Citizen Award through Scholarship Finder. The spring application deadline is Dec. 9, 2016. The College of Business is hosting its annual Global Entrepreneurship week from Nov 14-17 with a series of events that are free and open to the public. The weeklong event hosts various presentations on the subjects of innovation and business. The presentations range from a discussion on creating professional business pitch videos to a local entrepreneurship panel. Read the event schedule and descriptions online. For more information about any of the week's events, please contact Amy Linde, director of communications and events for the College of Business at Minnesota State Mankato, by phone at 507-389-5424 or by email at amy.linde@mnsu.edu. The Violence and Awareness Response Program, LGBT Center and OutFront Minnesota's Anti-Violence Program are sponsoring a presentation on the presence of intimate partner violence in LGBTQ relationships on Tuesday, Nov. 15 from 12:30-1:30 p.m. in CSU 253/4/5. The event will explore the experiences, challenges and barriers for LGBTQ individuals who may be experiencing violence in their relationships. The presentation will also detail what resources are available for survivors and any gaps that may exist in those services. Learn more about OutFront Minnesota here and more about the event through its Facebook page. The event is the fourth in a series of four that have been held this fall in an effort to support the prevention of domestic violence. In honor of the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare's death, Paul J. Hustoles of Minnesota State Mankato's Department of Theatre & Dance wanted to honor the bard with an absolutely massive undertaking: by combining Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1; Henry IV, Part 2; and Henry V. Hustoles' version begins following King Richard's death. Henry Bolingbroke is now King Henry IV and feels guilty about Richard's removal. Meanwhile, Wales and Scotland are threatening rebellion and the young Prince Hal is nowhere to be found. This is a Minnesota State Mankato premiere. Email Amanda Dyslin or call at 507-389-6663 for more information. Senior Department of Art students at Minnesota State University, Mankato will display their art on campus at Conkling Gallery in two separate shows, the first from Monday, Nov. 7 through Wednesday, Nov. 16 and the second from Monday, Nov. 21 through Friday, Dec. 2. The public is welcome to meet all students on the first night of each show. Find the show schedule here. Guest speaker Duane Hollow Horn Bear will discuss "The Life Experiences and Stories of a Traditional Lakota Teacher" Thursday, Nov. 10 at 6 p.m. in Minnesota State University, Mankato's Centennial Student Union Ballroom. The event is free and open to the public. Duane Hollow Horn Bear, a Sicangu Lakota, was born and raised on the Rosebud Indian Reservation in South Dakota. Duane was a faculty member of Sinte Gleska University, a four-year private American Indian tribal college in Mission, S.D., where he taught for 25 years in the field of history and culture and language, and he is a community and spiritual leader. He comes from a strong heritage of leadership from his great grandfather, Chief Hollow Horn Bear, who lived from 1850 to 1913. Known to have inherited his grandfather's skill as an orator, Duane has traveled extensively around the country and abroad, lecturing and speaking on the history of the Oceti Sakowin people (People of the Seven Council Fires). For more information, contact Minnesota State Mankato's Nontraditional Student Center at 507-389-6076. Minnesota State University, Mankato will host Brian Turner and Dunya Mikhail (pictured), both poets and nonfiction writers, Thursday and Friday, Nov. 10-11 as

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confirms that he worked at KNIC ZD from September 2005 until January 2009. He states that he continues to work at KNIC, but is not a representative of KNIC ZD. Furthermore, he is not 'Head of Department of KNIC Headquarters in Pyongyang', as the head of department is the managing director, whereas the applicant is only a director within that department. 248 It must be noted in that regard that it is apparent from the power of attorney of 8 August 2006 in Annex B.6 to the Commission's defence that Mr Pak Chun-San was appointed as the chief representative of KNIC in Hamburg. It is also apparent from the documents in Annex B.8 to the Commission's defence that Mr Pak Chun-San was empowered to represent KNIC ZD and that his signature was certified by notarial act of 11 July 2008 in Hamburg. In addition, in his witness statement of 10 September 2015, attached as Annex A.8 to the application, he does not deny having been the Chief Representative of KNIC ZD and KNIC itself in Germany from September 2005 until January 2009. In his 2015 witness statement, he also confirms that after returning from Germany, where he acted as a representative of 'KNIC Germany', he held an important managerial position at KNIC in Pyongyang. In a subsequent witness statement, he claims to have taken early retirement in December 2015, but does not substantiate his assertion with any documentary evidence. 249 Last, the fact that he ceased to hold the post of KNIC's representative in Hamburg does not mean that he is not linked to the activities of KNIC ZD or of KNIC. 250 First, as is apparent from Annex A.8 to the application, Mr Pak Chun-San acknowledges and confirms not only that he had a post within KNIC ZD but also that he subsequently held an important managerial post in KNIC in Pyongyang. The veracity of the grounds underpinning the inclusion of his name on the lists in question cannot be called in question. 251 Second, Mr Pak Chun-San indicates in Annex 4 to the letter of 21 July 2016 submitted to the Court that he held a post in the reinsurance department of KNIC, reinsurance being an activity which KNIC carries out in Europe. 252 Third, as is apparent from paragraphs 235 and 236 above, the individuals holding positions within KNIC may be regarded as being involved in the generation of foreign currency referred to in the grounds at issue with respect to KNIC ZD and KNIC. 253 The grounds for the listing of Mr Pak Chun-San are not, therefore, vitiated by an error of assessment. 254 Last, in the case of Mr So Tong Myong, he was designated by the first set of contested measures because of his position as managing director of KNIC GmbH, acting on behalf of KNIC or at its direction. 255 Mr So Tong Myong states that he left KNIC in 2014 and no longer has any connection with that company. He claims never to have acted as managing director of KNIC ZD and that the allegation that he is 'Managing Director of KNIC [ZD] Hamburg, acting on behalf of KNIC or at its direction' is incorrect. 256 In that regard, it can be confirmed, on the basis of the documents submitted to the Court, that, between 1 October 2007 and May 2012, Mr So Tong Myong was mentioned in a number of documents as president of KNIC. That fact, which is not disputed by the person concerned, is also borne out by his witness statement, attached as Annex A.9 to the application, in which he states that his term as president of KNIC lasted from 2007 until October 2014. 257 Moreover, Mr So Tong Myong's claim to have left KNIC in 2014 is contradicted by the excerpt from the commercial register of the Amtsgericht Hamburg (Local Court, Hamburg) dated 16 March 2016 produced by the Commission, which shows that the person concerned was still the serving president of KNIC on that date. Denials of the probative value of the register excerpt cannot be accepted since Mr So Tong Myong did not produce any evidence apart from his own witness statement. 258 As has previously been noted, in accordance with settled case-law, the activity of the Court of Justice and of the General Court is governed by the principle of the unfettered assessment of the evidence, and it is only the reliability of the evidence before the Court which is decisive when it comes to the assessment of its value. In addition, in order to assess the probative value of a document, regard should be had to the credibility of the account it contains, and in particular to the person from whom the document originates, the circumstances in which it came into being, the person to whom it was addressed and whether, on its face, the document appears to be sound and reliable (see, to that effect, judgment of 27 September 2012, Shell Petroleum and Others v Commission, T‑343/06, EU:T:2012:478, paragraph 161 and the case-law cited). 259 It must be observed that the witness statement of Mr So Tong Myong was made specifically for the present action and that, originating as it does from a person subject to the restrictive measures at issue, the witness statement has little probative value. 260 This is particularly so where a witness statement is contradicted by a public document, submitted by the Commission, such as the excerpt from the Hamburg commercial register. 261 The grounds for the listing of Mr So Tong Myong are not, therefore, vitiated by an error of assessment. 262 In those circumstances, it must be held that the links, the positions held and the actions in question, as evident from the first set of grounds relating to the applicants in Case T‑533/15, have been demonstrated to the requisite legal standard and have not been contradicted in any detail by those applicants. 263 The present plea in law must therefore be rejected. 264 By their third plea, the applicants in Case T‑533/15 rely, in essence, on infringement of Articles 4, 10, 14 and 16 of Regulation No 45/2001. 265 It should be pointed out that, while confining themselves to listing the provisions of Regulation No 45/2001 and passages from an opinion of the European Data Protection Supervisor, the applicants in Case T‑533/15 are claiming in essence that the Council and the Commission published incorrect data. In so doing the Council and the Commission had implied that the applicants in Case T‑533/15 were involved in unlawful activity connected with the unlawful development of weapons of mass destruction. 266 It is sufficient in that regard to find that, in the light of the examination of the second plea in the present action, the first set of grounds relating to the applicants in Case T‑533/15 is not vitiated by an error of assessment and, consequently, the Council and the Commission did not publish incorrect data implying the applicants' involvement in unlawful activities. 267 The present plea cannot, therefore, succeed. 268 In any event, this plea is ineffective. 269 Even if the Council and the Commission had processed personal data concerning the applicants in Case T‑533/15 in a way that was inconsistent with Regulation No 45/2001, that could not lead to the annulment of the first set of contested measures. However, were the applicants in Case T‑533/15 to be in a position to prove that data were processed in that way, they could invoke an infringement of that regulation, in the context of an action for damages (see, to that effect, judgments of 30 November 2016, Rotenberg v Council, T‑720/14, EU:T:2016:689, paragraph 140, and of 22 November 2017, HD v Parliament, T‑652/16 P, not published, EU:T:2017:828, paragraphs 33 and 34). 270 In those circumstances, the present plea in law must be rejected

propulsion related (cooling, exhaust design, propeller performance, etc.) The AZON ("AZimuth ONly") guided bomb was one of the world's first smart bombs. The official designation for the bomb was VB-1 (VB for vertical bomb). It was a 1,000-pound bomb fitted with a tail assembly containing radio-controlled movable rudders. These permitted the bombardier to attain greater accuracy by steering the bomb to the right or left (referred to as azimuth, hence the name AZON) after its release from the carrier aircraft. There were gyroscopes mounted in the bomb to stabilize it, and a radio control system, which had around three minutes of battery life, which was sufficient to guide the weapon from a 5,000 foot (1,500 m) drop height to the target. A bright flare was installed in the tail so the bombardier could watch the trajectory of the VB-1 as it fell earthward. The Azon was used during World War II with moderate success in the European and Mediterranean Theaters and with greater success in the China-Burma-India Theater where B-24 crews knocked out 14 bridges in seven missions. The AZON was the only radio-guided bomb to reach operational use with the U.S. Army Air Forces during WWII. Bell X-1 (June, 1951) The Bell X-1 was the first of the so-called X-planes designated for testing new technologies and was tested in the 16 Foot Tunnel during 1951. The aircraft was a joint NACA-U.S. Army Air Forces/US Air Force supersonic research project to break the "sound barrier". The aircraft first flew on January 19, 1946 and on October 14, 1947 the X-1 became the first aircraft to exceed the speed of sound during controlled level flight. The photograph shows a X-1 sting-mounted aerodynamic model mounted in the 16-Foot Tunnel test section. Since transonic wind tunnel testing was not possible until the development of the slotted test section (see separate panel in Technology Development on this subject), this model was tested about 5 years after the first flight of the X-1. These tests were used to study vehicle aerodynamics encountered during flight in a controlled steady-state environment and also to validate the new slotted test section experimental results. Hawker P.1127 (April 1960) The Hawker V/STOL P.1127 was the developmental aircraft that led to the Hawker Siddeley Kestrel and Harrier aircraft - the first vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) jet fighter-bombers. Hover flight with the P.1127 was achieved in Nov. 19, 1960; the first conventional take-off and landing was made on July 7, 1961; and the first transition from vertical to forward flight occurred on Sept. 8, 1961. The configuration was tested in the 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel during April/May 1960 with two additional tunnel entries occurring in Sept. 1960 and June 1961. The Boeing AV-8B Harrier II, a direct descendant of the P.1127, was tested in the facility during Dec. 2001 and April 2002 as part of the Abrupt Wing Stall Program. The photograph shows the P.1127 sting mounted in the 16-Foot Tunnel test section. This is one of the only models ever known to have been tested with both inlet flow and hot exhaust flow simulated. The 16-Foot Tunnel staff pioneered the technique of hot exhaust testing utilizing hydrogen peroxide jets. General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark (April 1963) The F-111 medium range fighter-bomber was the first variable-sweep wing production aircraft. The first flight was in Dec. 1964 and the aircraft entered service in July 1967. The F-111 was the most heavily tested airplane in the history of the 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel with 19 entries during 1963 to 1968 (581 occupancy days). These tests resulted in substantial changes to the F-111 afterbody and nozzle design. Tests were conducted on an isolated nozzle model, a 1/20-scale aerodynamics model (4 entries), a 1/12-scale propulsion model (10 entries), a 1/6-scale inlet model (3 entries), and a 1/16-scale blockage model. The photograph shows the 1/12-scale propulsion model with wings swept aft mounted in the 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel. This model, with working (aerodynamically controlled as on airplane) nozzle blow-in-doors and flaps, a hot hydrogen peroxide primary exhaust, a high-pressure-air secondary nozzle flow, and a low-pressure-air nozzle boundary layer bleed, was one of the most complex ever tested in the facility. McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle (June 1970) The F-15 is considered one of the most successful modern air superiority fighters ever produced with over 100 aerial combat victories with no losses. F-15 design proposals were submitted in 1969, first flight occurred in July 1972, and the airplane entered service in January of 1976. The 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel (16'TT) contributions to the F-15 program started in 1969 with tests on the Republic F-15 proposal configuration and supplying a member (Bobby Berrier) to the F-15 contract Source Evaluation Board. Multiple wind tunnel tests on the winning McDonnell Douglas configuration were conducted during 1970 to 1972. These tests resulted in removal of ventral fins on the afterbody along with an increase in vertical tail height (to offset the loss in directional stability) that substantially reduced aft-end drag. The F-15 models were later utilized to develop nonaxisymmetric (2-D)/thrust vectoring nozzle technology during multiple tests from 1976 to 1988. The photograph shows the .047-scale F-15 propulsion model (note the faired inlets) mounted on the "hockey stick" support system. The ventral fins on the afterbody were later removed as a result of tests in the 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel. Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit (November 1980) The Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit (also known as the Stealth Bomber) is the first strategic heavy bomber with "low observable" stealth technology designed to penetrate dense anti-aircraft defenses and deploy both conventional and nuclear weapons. The B-2 originated from the Advanced Technology Bomber (ATB) black project that started in 1979. The Northrop/Boeing team's ATB design was selected over the Lockheed/Rockwell design on 20 October 1981. First flight occurred in July of 1989. Six tunnel entries (two during the competition phase prior to contract award) occurred in the 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel from1980 to 1983. Inlet airframe (four entries) and jet effects (two entries) models were tested under heavy security. Models were built up in the Jet Exit Facility (Bldg. 1234) behind the wind tunnel and moved under cover of darkness into the wind tunnel at times outside of Soviet satellite coverage. In addition, the built-up models included fake vertical tails and were covered with dark fabric. The photograph shows the B-2 aircraft in flight. Because of ultra tight security at the time, all photos of the models tested in the 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel were removed from the facility and none exist in the NASA photo files. NASA F-18 HARV (June 1991) The High Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV) is a modified McDonnell Douglas/ Northrop F/A-18 Hornet used by NASA for research at high angles of attack using thrust vectoring in the early 1990's. The F-18 HARV and Rockwell-MBB X-31 (thrust vectoring systems of both aircraft also tested in the 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel Jet Exit Facility) were the first free-world aircraft to demonstrate multi-axis thrust vectoring for control at post-stall angles-of-attack. Both aircraft demonstrated stable controlled flight at an angle-of-attack of approximately 70 degrees. In addition to tests of the F-18 HARV thrust vectoring system in the Jet Exit Facility, the configuration spent 74 occupancy days in the 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel during 1991. The photograph shows the F-18 HARV configuration mounted in the 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel at an angle of attack of 70 degrees. The model is mounted on a bifurcated support system that not only carries high-pressure air for the nozzle thrust vectoring system but also lets the wings (outboard section modified) rotate relative to the support system thus avoiding lengthy model support knuckle changes for high angles of attack. Lockheed C-5M Super Galaxy (October 2001) The Lockheed C-5 Galaxy is one of the largest aircraft in the world. It was designed to provide strategic heavy airlift over intercontinental distances. The first flight was in 1968

9 lessons for understanding gaming investors + Q/A Photo by Volodymyr Hryshchenko on Unsplash I did a presentation for Elite Game Developers community in February 2020. Here are the notes and the Q&A from that presentation. There's a lot of things I've seen. I've been in discussion with investors for the last 15 years. I've been learning about what they like, and what is their profession? I think that's the key here: It's to understand what investors are? Why are they in the business of doing venture capital? Why are people investing money into startups? There are different investor motivations that I want to cover. To point out a few things. I wanted to go into these nine topics that I wanted to cover here. 1. When should you start raising funding for a games company? I would say that never start raising until you can justify $1 million pre-money valuation, meaning that your company is when you're pitching to investors, you can justify that the worth of the company is at least $1 million. Otherwise, you're going to be ending up giving out too much for too little This is this has happened I've seen this happen so many times when people are raising, you know, 50k here, 50k there, 100k here. They end up like giving out chunks of their company too often. What ends up happening is that they can't justify a high enough valuation when they still don't have something to prove. So let's take this kind of example here that you have a monthly burn of 15,000 US dollars, which is not a lot, it's something that will mean that you're going to be struggling with your cash flow. Regarding your own cash flow: how big of a salary do you need? Maybe you have an apartment, and you're paying a bank loan on your home. These kinds of situations can be quite tricky. But what I've seen is that if you go to 15k that can last you for a long time. And then you can start counting that you can get to 18 months with 270K. So here you can see a calculation of where we could be at with a 1 million pre-money valuation. If you raise 270k, the investor gets close to 21%, which is the right spot for any early-stage company, when you don't have a track record, when you don't have enough traction. 21% dilution is something I would aim for if I would be in the situation of building my first games company now. 2. The first money that you're bringing into the company, I would start with this kind of operator angels as the first money. What is an operator angel? These are people who, who get to pay you to work for you. So in a sense, there are people who want to start doing a lot of different kinds of tasks at the early stage of the company. You're building a company with them, and you can leverage their network, their peer network, to source new hires. If you're missing a marketing person, they can start finding the marketing person; then, they can do interviews and onboard these new hires. So I've been a little bit doing this with a few companies here in Finland, it is very time-consuming for me because I'm also building my own company (Elite Game Developers). So in a sense, if you find these full-time angels who have this operational experience from gaming, that's a significant benefit. You're getting money, but you're also gaining experience and time from people who know what they're doing. 3. What is the difference between an angel and a VC? The main difference is that the angels most often are investing their own money, which they've gotten from whatever business or work they had. Maybe they sold their company, perhaps there's sold some shares, whatever, but they're working in the sector, they're going back into company building phases with other entrepreneurs. So there are people like this who want to help and work for you as well. VC will do all of this as well. The difference here is that the VC has built a fund of money from other people. So they're investing other people's money, and it makes it a bit different for them for operating. 4. VCs look for the Goldilocks zone, compared to angels who are more elusive on where they invest So the VCs are looking for the just-right opportunity. The right risk levels, so that there's not too much risk, but there's a big opportunity. Here are the Goldilocks zone criteria that a lot of gaming VCs in Europe tend to look at: A) They want to look at the team that has a proven track record. They've been building games in a bigger company for many years, successfully seeing what that's like, seeing the growth of a company. B) Then you have a team that comes in with a blue ocean story of, "Hey, this is what I want to do. This is an opportunity that we're going after. It's not too crowded there." The blue ocean is also something that in the Goldilocks zone. The VCs want to see that it's not too crowded. C) For sure, you have the repeat founders, who are also looking at, like, how are we going to back these repeat founders who are coming back to building another games company. I was in this situation when we were starting Next Games. I already had a career in building a games company and raising money from investors. I was at Supercell for a while. I was definitely in that Goldilocks zone with Next Games. This Goldilock zone matters; it's continuously coming up in deals. So you need to understand that it's not an unfairness in the market. It's just the way it is. There are better startups for the VCs to put their bets in. 5. Privilege founders. Why someone gets 10 million without any numbers? The founders left a big company that was building the most significant game ever. And now you're doing your own thing. And of course, the repeat founders fall into similar criteria. This is where all the VCs want in. These cases come up only once or twice a year. A dream team has left a bigger game company to start their own thing. 6. Which investors should you be pitching? Only talk with people who understand gaming. Of course, you're narrowing your target audience to a tiny segment of investors. Let's say there's like hundreds of VCs out there. But how many of them know what gaming is? Probably only a few. In the early stage, talking only to gaming VCs can be tough. There are these early-stage VCs who have made one or two gaming investments, but do they know gaming? I would say, not necessarily. They might say that "We did this gaming investment when we had this partner who already left the firm" or something like this. If you raise from investors without the gaming knowledge, you should be warier about what kind of help you're going to get from these investors. So there's, there's A list, you got your LVP, you got your Play Ventures and others. So definitely those people can help out a lot. When you go to them, and they say no to you. What does that mean? You could think about it as a point that, you got a NO, but what does the NO mean? Is it more like, never NO, or is it more like, "Hey, let's meet back in four months and see what kind of progress you've made." What you could also do is think about, am I going approach an A list game investor right now? Or should

Shropshire Lad,_ section II, "Loveliest of trees, the cherry now..." The stanza reads, "Now of my three-score years and ten, / Twenty will not come again, / And take from seventy springs a score, / It only leaves me fifty more." 13 Gustave Lobrano was the fiction editor of _The New Yorker,_ with whom Thurber enjoyed a productive and respectful relationship throughout his association at the magazine. 14 Thurber's reference to Coolidge's supposed remark is offered not to elucidate the idea of rejection or defeat but to show a sentence with a tautology similar to the penultimate sentence in entry 7. The quote itself is best explained by a letter to Hudson Hawley of July 27, 1954, in which Thurber describes part of his activities while working at the Paris edition of the _Chicago Tribune,_ a paper that did not especially capitalize upon his talents: "I used to write parody news features mainly for the amusement of the other slaves, and one of these accidentally got sent down the chute and was set up.... [The editor] was always hollering up the tube for short filler items of a sentence or two, and I got away with a dozen or more phonies which were printed. The only one I remember went like this, with a Washington date line: "'A man who does not pray is not a praying man," President Coolidge today told the annual convention of the Protestant Churches of America.'" 15 "Big Boy," _The New Yorker,_ May 4, 1929, pp. 304-7. 17 William Ernest Henley, "Echoes," section XLVII. 17 H. W. Fowler, _A Dictionary of Modern English Usage._ New York: Oxford University Press, 1965. 17 See "The Wings of Henry James" _(Lanterns and Lances)_ and the present volume's "The Preface to 'The Old Friends.'" 18 "The Wings of the Falcon" was an earlier title for Thurber's piece "The Wings of Henry James," first published in _The New Yorker,_ November 7, 1959. 19 The _Newsweek_ article to which Thurber is probably referring is "Digest in the Doghouse," February 21, 1944. ## _Unfamiliar Misquotations_ 21 _The New Yorker._ May 20, 1939. ## _If You Ask Me_ 26 _PM,_ March 17, 1941. _PM_ was published by Thurber's friend Ralph Ingersoll. In _The Years with Ross,_ Thurber writes: "I wrote a brief column for it... twice a week until I went into a nervous tailspin following my fifth eye operation. Ross read a few of these columns and objected because he said, 'You're throwing away ideas on _PM_ that would make good casuals.' But I was out from under the strict and exacting editing for which _The New Yorker_ was and still is famous...." Indeed, Thurber did consider new and perennial ideas in thirty-three columns during 1940 and 1941. The first twelve were illustrated and appeared with this disclaimer: "Ideas and opinions expressed in this newspaper are presented without regard to their agreement or disagreement with the editorial attitude of this writer." On January 27, 1941, an additional note accompanied the column: "James Thurber has been absent from the columns of this paper for three months, due to an eye operation. Now he is sufficiently recovered to dictate his copy to a stenographer, but he has not yet found a way to dictate Thurber drawings. His stories will appear once a week." The illustration reprinted here publicized the column's debut and bore the following caption: "James Thurber, who for years (and years) has been writing what he feels, has turned to saying what he thinks for _PM._ His brand-new column, 'If You Ask Me,' will appear every Tuesday and Thursday, complete with opinion, guesswork, men, women, dogs and seals, _(signed)_ James Thurber." This particular essay had a subsequent appearance under the title "Writer's Age Measured by Rejection Slips" in _Parade,_ September 21, 1941. ## _Excerpts from "The Book-End," 1923_ 31 _The Columbus Dispatch,_ February-December 1923. 31 In 1923, as a feature writer at _The Columbus Dispatch,_ Thurber wrote forty-two features entitled "Credos and Curios" in the Sunday magazine. The pages included such items as "Dad Dialogs" (exchanges on Midwestern ideals and idiocies), "The Cases of Blue Ploermell" (a parody of the popular Arthur Conan Doyle), "The Book-End" (mini-reviews and excerpts from current books), and several short bits often pertaining to events in the motion picture industry, book publishing, and the theater. The pages were illustrated with cartoons, literary portraits, and incidental drawings by Ray Evans. In many elements—note particularly the entries that engage a found piece of prose with an twist of editorial development—Thurber was developing many of the forms he would bring four years later to a new magazine called _The New Yorker._ Rereading the columns in 1956, Thurber wrote Frank Gibney (October 31, 1956) that he felt "alarm, disbelief, and some small pleasure here and there.... It was practice and spadework by a man of 28 who sometimes sounds 19, praised 'clean love' and such books as _Faint Perfume_ and _If Winter Comes_ and practically any play or movie I saw, and attacks Cabell, Joyce, Hecht, and Sherwood Anderson. I was a great Willa Cather man." 31 James W. Faulkner, who was born in 1860 in Cincinnati and died in 1923, became one of the best-known and most respected political journalists for over thirty years in Ohio. ## _More Authors Cover the Snyder Trial_ 37 _The New Yorker,_ May 7, 1927. In _The Years with Ross,_ Thurber writes of reading his early submissions to the _The New Yorker._ "I marvel that Ross put his approving R on... a short parody called 'More Authors Cover the Snyder Trial.' In this last I tried to imitate a style of James Joyce and that of Gertrude Stein, and Ross could never have read a single line of either author.... In gritting his teeth, swallowing hard, and buying that, Ross must have depended upon the counsel of his literary editor, Mrs. Katharine Angell...." In this highly publicized case, Ruth Snyder, a flapper from Queens, New York, in league with her "lover boy," Judd Gray, conspired to murder Ruth's husband, Albert, on whom Ruth had taken out a $96,000 double indemnity insurance policy. During 1926, Albert experienced seven "accidents"; on March 19, 1927, returning home from a bridge game, he was clubbed to death with a sash weight, chloroformed, and strangled with a wire. Ruth Snyder and Judd Gray were electrocuted at Sing Sing in January 1928. ## _If You Ask Me_ 39 _PM,_ October 3, 1940. Besides the accompanying illustration, two added drawings hint at Thurber's discomfort with Mr. Wolfe, who "came to a party at my apartment in New York at 6 P.M. and stayed until 7 A.M. Many writers do this and I myself have no superiors in long lingering" (Letter to Neda Westlake, January 11, 1949). Several letters recount this evening of Wolfe's ravenous appetite, his "disagreeable" drunkenness, and his sense of a "real writer" as someone "whose books were so heavy they were hard to lift." Thurber wrote: "It seems that God, knowing my strength, only lets me meet great writers once: Wolfe, Lewis, Fitzgerald, Faulkner, Hemingway" (Letter to Oscar Cargill, January 14, 1953). ## _Recommended Reading_ 43 Letters to Sarah B. Whitaker, reprinted in _Alumnae News_ (Northampton School for Girls), December 1962, and in the _Chicago Tribune Magazine,_ May 26, 1963, under the title "James Thurber on the Perplexities of Educating a Daughter." For the present volume, only the parts of these letters that pertain to Thurber's recommended list are included. In addition, an excerpt on the same gift shelf of books from Thurber's _Bermudian_ column, "Letter to the States" (December 1949), has been appended at the end of this entry. ## _What Price Conquest?_ 48 _The New Republic,_ March 16, 1942. Robert Nathan (1894-1985) was a prolific and popular author in Thurber's time whose works include fantasy, children's books, poetry, plays, and fiction. ## _Taps at Assembly_ 55

(† ). 1886 : Nicola Fausto Neroni, réalisateur et scénariste italien († ). 1890 : Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, philosophe polonais († ). 1893 : Edward G. Robinson (Emanuel Goldenberg dit), acteur américain († ). 1895 : William Beattie Ramsay, hockeyeur professionnel canadien († ). 1899 : Christopher Redvers « Red » Green, hockeyeur professionnel canadien († ). 1901 : Howard Koch, scénariste américain († ). 1902 : Anne-Mary Gaudin de Lagrange, poétesse française († ). 1903 : Yasujiro Ozu (小津 安二郎), réalisateur japonais († ). 1904 : Jacques Van Melkebeke, peintre, journaliste, écrivain et scénariste belge de bande dessinée († ). 1905 : Pierre Tal Coat (Pierre Jacob dit), peintre, graveur et illustrateur français († ). 1906 : Ludwig Suthaus, ténor allemand († ). 1907 : Jean Trouillard, professeur français de théologie et de philosophie, historien ès philosophie († ). 1908 : Camille Ducharme, acteur québécois († ). Félix Welkenhuysen, footballeur belge († ). 1909 : Karen Morley, actrice américaine († ). 1910 : Henri Challan, pédagogue et compositeur français († ). 1911 : Josef Fleischlinger, joueur, entraîneur et arbitre tchécoslovaque de basket-ball et de hockey sur glace († ). William Kenneth « Bill » MacKenzie, hockeyeur professionnel canadien († ). 1912 : Boun Oum (ບຸນອຸ້ມ ນະ ຈຳປາສັກ), homme politique laotien Premier ministre († ). Paul Teyssier, linguiste français († ). 1913 : Ferenc Csik, nageur hongrois champion olympique du nage libre († ). Clinton James « Clint » Smith, hockeyeur professionnel canadien († ). , propriétaire gérant de la librairie anglophone à Paris († ). 1914 : Patrick O'Brian (Richard Patrick Russ dit), écrivain britannique († ). Jean Charles-Roux, prêtre rosminien et historien français († ). 1915 : Sylvain Grysolle, coureur cycliste belge († ). Shogo Kamo (加茂 正五), footballeur japonais († ). Reizo Koike (小池 禮三), nageur japonais († ). Francis Albert « Frank » Sinatra, chanteur américain († ). Paul Teyssier, linguiste français († ). 1918 : Lo Wei (罗維), réalisateur et un acteur hongkongais († ). Joseph Goreed « Joe » Williams, chanteur américain de blues et de jazz († ). 1919 : Igor Correa Luna, judoka et professeur d'art martial, († 12 octobre 2000). Paavo Aaltonen, gymnaste finlandais triple champion olympique († ). 1921 : Maritie Carpentier (Marie-Thérèse Zédet dite), coproductrice d'émissions francophones de variétés († ). 1922 : Vasili Borisov, tireur sportif soviétique ukrainien double titré olympique († ). Christian Dotremont, peintre et poète belge († ). 1923 : Robert William « Bob » Barker, animateur et producteur de télévision américain. Jacqueline Fleury-Marié, résistante française déportée, témoin et présidente d'association. 1924 : Edward Irving Koch dit Ed Koch, homme politique américain, représentant au Congrès et maire de New York († ). 1925 : Theodore Samuel « Ted » Kennedy, hockeyeur professionnel canadien († ). 1927 : Robert Noyce, ingénieur américain, cofondateur de la société Intel († ). 1932 : Robert Lee « Bob » Pettit Jr., joueur de basket-ball américain. Viktor Sukhodrev, traducteur soviétique et russe auprès des principaux dirigeants soviétiques de Khrouchtchev à Gorbatchev († ). 1933 : Emmanuel N'Djoké « Manu » Dibango dit parfois Papagroove ou Papa Manu, musicien, saxophoniste et chanteur camerounais de world jazz († ). Josy Eisenberg, rabbin, auteur, producteur et réalisateur de télévision français († ). Christa Stubnick, athlète allemande spécialiste du sprint († ). Caldwell Esselstyn, rameur américain champion olympique et médecin. 1934 : Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado, homme politique mexicain, président du Mexique entre 1982 et 1988 († ). Hilla Limann, diplomate et homme politique ghanéen († ). 1935 : Denise Boucher, poétesse et dramaturge québécoise. 1936 : Iolanda Balaș, athlète roumaine double championne olympique de saut en hauteur († ). 1937 : Roberto Benzi, chef d'orchestre français. 1938 : Connie Francis (Concetta Rosa Maria Franconero dite), chanteuse américaine. 1940 : André Bercoff, journaliste et écrivain français. Dionne Warwick, chanteuse américaine. 1941 : Patrick Zabé (Jean-Marie Rusk dit), chanteur québécois. 1942 : (ou 1946 à la même date), Jean-Louis Broust, acteur français († ). Gérard Filipelli, acteur français de la troupe fantaisiste des Charlots dit Filou par ses partenaires († ). Fatma Girik, actrice, animatrice de télévision et femme politique turque († ). Noële Noblecourt (Danielle Cron dite), speakerine française de télévision officiellement privée d'antenne pour avoir laissé apparaître ses genoux à l'écran. 1943 : Forrest Richard « Dickey » Betts, guitariste, chanteur et compositeur américain du groupe The Allman Brothers Band. Grover Washington Jr., saxophoniste de jazz américain († ). 1944 : Kenneth Cranham, acteur écossais de cinéma, de théâtre et de télévision. Jean Doré, homme politique québécois, maire de Montréal († ). Alain Doutey, acteur français. 1945 : Patrice Duhamel, journaliste français. 1946 : Serge de Beketch, journaliste et scénariste de bandes dessinées français († ). Abdelhak Benhamouda, syndicaliste algérien († ). Emerson Fittipaldi, pilote de course automobile brésilien. Stanislas de Laboulaye, diplomate français. 1948 : Françoise de Panafieu, femme politique française, nationale et maire du arrondissment de Paris. Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, président de la République portugaise. 1949 : William Francis « Bill » Nighy, acteur britannique. Marc Ravalomanana, homme d'affaires et politique malgache président de son pays. 1950 : Daniel Bouchard, hockeyeur sur glace québécois. Jocelyne Cazin, journaliste et animatrice de télévision québécoise. Richard Galliano, accordéoniste franco-italien. William John « Billy » Smith, hockeyeur sur glace canadien. 1951 : Steve Durbano, hockeyeur professionnel canadien († ). Steven Alan Hawley, astronaute américain. David Mouradian, prosateur et dramaturge arménien. 1952 : Cécile Oumhani, écrivaine franco-britanno-tunisienne. Frank Schwalba-Hoth, homme politique allemand. 1954 : , réalisatrice bretonne du premier long-métrage intégralement en langue bretonne connu (Lann Vraz, 2013). 1955 : Wolfgang Albers, juriste allemand. 1957 : Robert Lepage, acteur, réalisateur et metteur en scène québécois. Pierre Moreau, homme politique québécois. 1958 : Sheree Julienne Wilson, actrice américaine. 1960 : Moukhtar Koul-Moukhamed, homme d'État du Kazakhstan. Jaap van Zweden, violoniste et chef d'orchestre néerlandais. 1961 : Andrey Perlov, marcheur sportif russe champion olympique. 1962 : Tracy Austin, joueuse de tennis américaine. 1963 : Miriam Blasco Soto, judokate espagnole championne olympique. 1964 : Terry Brunk (Sabu), catcheur américain. Romano Orzari, acteur québécois d'origine italienne. 1965 : Pascal Garray, dessinateur et scénariste belge († ). Kay Gottschalk, homme politique allemand. 1966 : Yvan Cassar, compositeur, pianiste, arrangeur, directeur musical et chef d'orchestre français. Philippe LaRoche, skieur acrobatique canadien. James « Jim » Sandlak, hockeyeur professionnel canadien. 1967 : Yuzo Koshiro (古代 祐三), musicien et compositeur japonais. John Randle, joueur de football américain. 1968 : Mathias Brunet, journaliste sportif et auteur québécois. 1969 : Danny Lorenz, hockeyeur professionnel canadien. Christian Meyer, coureur cycliste allemand champion olympique. 1970 : Jennifer Connelly, actrice américaine. 1972 : Kevin Parent, chanteur québécois. 1977 : Colin White, hockeyeur professionnel canadien. Heidi Ilustre, joueuse de beach-volley américano-philippine. Adam Saytiev, lutteur russe, champion olympique. Courtney Shealy, nageuse américaine, championne olympique. 1978 : Chen Dong, taïkonaute. 1979 : John Salmons, basketteur américain. 1981 : Jeret Peterson, skieur acrobatique américain († ). 1982 : Ervin Santana, joueur de baseball dominicain. Dmitri Toursounov (Дмитрий Турсунов), joueur de tennis russe. 1983 : Caroline Dusseault, chorégraphe québécoise 1984 : Matthieu Ladagnous, cycliste sur route français. Steve Missillier, skieur alpin français. Michael Kenneth « Mike » Moore, hockeyeur professionnel canadien. 1985 : Andrew Ladd, hockeyeur professionnel canadien. 1986 : Qri (Lee Ji-Hyun ou 이지현 dite), actrice et chanteuse sud-coréenne. Katrina Patchett, danseuse et chorégraphe australienne. 1988 : Hahm Eun-jung (함은정), danseuse et chanteuse sud-coréenne. Manuel Štrlek, handballeur croate. 1989 : François Heersbrandt, nageur belge. Tal (Tal Benyezri dite), chanteuse et danseuse franco-israélienne. 1990 : Seungri (Lee Seung-hyun / 이승현 dit), chanteur et acteur sud-coréen. 1991 : Aasiya Kazi, actrice indienne. Jaime Lorente, acteur espagnol. 1992

Bishop of Agen Get Bishop of Agen essential facts below. View Videos or join the Bishop of Agen discussion. Add Bishop of Agen to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media. Diocese of Agen Dioecesis Agennensis Diocèse d'Agen Agen Cathedral Ecclesiastical province Archdiocese of Bordeaux 5,384 km2 (2,079 sq mi) - Catholics (including non-members) (as of 2015) 341,700 (est.) 204,700 (est.) (59.9%) Sui iuris church Roman Rite 4th Century Cathedral of Saint Caprais of Agen Deacon and Martyr Secular priests 47 (diocesan) 28 (Religious Orders) 20 Permanent Deacons Hubert Herbreteau Metropolitan Archbishop Cardinal Jean-Pierre Ricard catholique-agen.cef.fr The Roman Catholic Diocese of Agen (Latin: Dioecesis Agennensis; French: Diocèse d'Agen) is a Latin Rite Roman Catholic diocese in France.[1] The diocese comprises the Département of Lot-et-Garonne, in the Region of Aquitaine. It has been successively suffragan to the archdioceses of Bordeaux (under the old regime), Toulouse (1802-1822), and Bordeaux again (since 1822).[2] This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2017) Legends which do not antedate the ninth century concerning Saint Caprasius, martyred with St. Fides by Dacianus, Prefect of the Gauls, during the persecution of Diocletian, and the story of Vincentius, a Christian martyr (written about 520), furnish no foundation for later traditions which make these two saints early bishops of Agen.[3] The cathedral of the diocese of Agen was formerly located in the church of St. Caprasius, outside the walls of the Roman town. In its reconstructed state, it is a splendid specimen of Romanesque architecture, dating from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. With the restoration of the diocese in 1802, it was again made the cathedral, in place of the Cathedral of St. Étienne, which had been destroyed during the French Revolution. The chapter of the cathedral The trend in the medieval period was for the chapter to acquire more and more of a right, and then an exclusive right, to elect the bishop of the diocese, to the gradual exclusion of the rest of the clergy and the people. This development, however, was often retarded or impeded by other considerations. In the Agennais in the early medieval period, it was the duke of Aquitaine rather than the canons who had the decisive voice in the choosing of a bishop. This can be inferred from the charter granted in 1135 by King Louis VII, the husband of Eleanor of Aquitaine, which restored to the canons of the chapter of Saint-Étienne the freedom to elect a bishop of their choice.[4] When the popes took up residence in Avignon, Clement V reserved to himself the right to appoint bishops for all the dioceses in France. During the Great Schism, both the Pope in Rome and the Pope in Avignon appointed bishops of Agen, but since Agen and France supported the Popes in Avignon, it was their appointees who received the temporal rights from the king and were installed in the diocese. In 1516 King Francis I signed at treaty with Pope Leo X, which has come to be called the Concordat of Bologna, in which the King and his successors acquired the right to nominate each and every one of the bishops in France, except those of the dioceses of Metz, Toul and Verdun. The Popes reserved the right to approve (preconise) the selection of the king, and sometimes they declined the nominee.[5] This arrangement lasted, except for the decade (1790-1801) of the French Revolution, down until the Law of the Separation of the Churches and the State of 1905. Thereafter, the popes assumed the sole right to appoint bishops, though the official terminology is still "elect". Map of the Diocese of Agen by Nicolas Sanson, dated 1679 The cathedral chapter was composed of twelve canons and several dignities (not dignitaries). The major dignities were the grand archdeacon and the precentor. The minor dignitaries included the other two archdeacons (Monclar and Marmonde), the sacristan, the porter, and the cantor. The office of cantor was suppressed by Cardinal Leonardo Grosso della Rovere (1487-1519), but was restored by Bishop Antonio della Rovere (1519-1538); it was suppressed a second time, and again restored by Bishop Nicolas de Villars (1587-1608).[6] The cathedral chapter, and the chapters of all cathedrals and Collegiate churches in France, were abolished by the National Assembly in 1790. The cathedral chapter of Agen was reestablished in the Church of Saint-Caprais by Bishop Jean Jacoupy in 1802, by virtue of an apostolic brief of 10 November 1802. It was composed of 10 canons, the first two of whom were vicars-general of the diocese.[7] The last occasion on which the chapter attempted to assert its traditional right to elect the bishop occurred after the death of Bishop Pierre de Bérard on 21 July 1477. The chapter proceeded to the election, and chose Pierre Dubois, canon and cantor of the cathedral chapter of Saint-André in Bordeaux, and he was presented to the archbishop for confirmation.[8] But on 29 September 1477, King Louis XI wrote to the chapter, announcing that he had named Jean de Monchenu to the bishopric of Agen, relying no doubt on the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438).[9] Pope Sixtus IV, however, in a bull dated 4 October 1477, appointed his nephew Galeotto Grosso della Rovere as Bishop of Agen. On 29 December 1477 he issued another bull, confirming the resignation of Bishop-elect Pierre Dubois, and at the end of the year documents in the diocese were being issued sede episcopali vacante.[10] Then on 3 July 1478 Monchenu was transferred, while still bishop-elect of Agen, to the diocese of Viviers, thereby extinguishing his claim on Agen, and on 5 July 1478 Sixtus IV issued yet another bull again naming Galeotto Grosso della Rovere to the diocese of Agen.[11] The matter seemed to be settled. But on 14 November 1478, Pierre Dubois retracted his resignation, and on 9 April 1479, King Louis referred the entire matter, first to the Parlement of Bordeaux, and then to the Royal Council. On 9 September 1480 Pierre Dubois again submitted his resignation, which, on 17 March 1483 he again retracted.[12] The result was a ten-year-long schism in the diocese of Agen, which was finally ended by the final resignation of all his rights by Pierre Dubois on 25 January 1487, and the death of Galeatto Grosso.[13] Chapter of Saint-Caprais Tradition has it that the chapter of Saint-Caprais came into a separate existence when the remains of Saint-Caprais were moved inside the city to the new Cathedral of Saint-Étienne; some of the canons of the old Cathedral of Saint-Caprais moved to Saint-Étienne, while others preferred to stay behind in their accustomed place, where there was plenty of income to sustain them and where they could maintain their prerogatives and preeminence. There is no documentary evidence whatever to sustain this hypothesis for the existence of two chapters. The earliest document, in fact, that refers to the chapter of Saint-Caprais is a charter of 1180 in which the English king Henry II orders the chapter of Saint-Étienne not to harass the chapter of Saint-Caprais economically.[14] There is also a tradition that both chapters were originally composed of regular clergy (monks). There is no evidence for this claim, and indeed in the absence of evidence it is argued by some that the monks were Benedictines, other that they were regular canons, following the Rule of Saint Augustine. What is certain is that the canons were secular canons, not regular canons, by the end of the 13th century.[15] The chapter of Saint-Caprais had only one dignity, the prior, and a varying number of canons. By 1311 they numbered fifteen, though Pope Martin V in 1417 ordered that they be reduced to twelve, though the actual number of canons was ten, to which the prior was added. Each of the canons was elected by the members of the chapter (in other words, the body coopted its own members, without outside influence), and the prior

Chickadee (1940). Lillian Gish (1893-1993), U.S. film actress, stars in Night of the Hunter (1955) Giuseppe di Lampedusa (1896-1957), Italian novelist, dies (1957) leaving unpublished novel The Leopard (translated 1960). Ernest Hemingway (7/21/1899-7/2/1961), U.S. novelist, commits suicide (July 2, 1961) Harry S Truman (1884-1972), 33rd U.S. President, decides to drop atom bomb on Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945). Richard Nixon (1913-1994), resigns as 37th U.S. President (Aug. 9, 1974). Gerald Ford (born 7/14/1913) succeeds Nixon as 38th U.S. President (1974-1977). [Sources: World Almanac Book of Who (1980); Jeremy Baker, Tolstoy's Bicycle (1982)] Military men on $61 in U.S. paper currency: $50 bill: Ulysses Grant (Civil War General) $10: Alexander Hamilton (Washington's Aide-de-Camp) $1 bill: George Washington (Revolutionary War General) 3 $20 bills: Andrew Jackson (War of 1812 General) 52) Stanford Bronze Plaque 61 on the ground to the right of Stanford University's Memorial Church is dedicated to the Class of 1961. The first graduating class at Stanford was 1892. In 1980, Stanford Provost Don Kennedy strolled around the Inner Quad and calculated that it would take 512 years for the bronze class plaques embedded in the walkways to circle the entire area ending with the Class of 2403. 53) Cities located at 61o longitude: Fort de France, Martinique: 61o 5' W longitude & 14o 37' N latitude Sverdlovsk, Russia: 60o 38' E longitude & 56o 49' N latitude Cities located at 61o latitude: Anchorage, Alaska: 61o 13' N latitude & 149o 54' W longitude Narsarssuaq, Greenland: 61o 11' N latitude & 45o 25' W longitude 54) 61 is the code for international direct dial phone calls to Australia. 55) 61st Street/Woodside is one of the subway stations in the IRT Flushing Line, between the 52nd St./Lincoln St. & 69th St./Fisk Ave. stations 56) The Pierre Hotel is located in Manhattan across the street from Central Park on Fifth Avenue at 61st Street. It has 202 rooms including 53 suites and 12 Grand Suites. The Presidential Suite and The Park Suite have unobstructed views of Central Park. Address: 2 East 61st Street, New York, NY 10021 57) The Mayflower Hotel on the Park is located in Manhattan's Upper West Side overlooking Central Park at 61st Street. It has 365 generously sized rooms and suites. Address: 15 Central Park West, New York, NY 10023 58) Highway 61, once ran from New Orleans through Memphis and Iowa through Hibbing, Minnesota all the way to Thunder Bay, Ontario in Canada. The road was originally 1714 miles long, but has been shortened to 1400. Also known as the Blues Highway, it runs through the Mississippi delta country which was an important source of blues music. Both Son Thomas ("Highway 61") and Mississippi Fred McDowell ("61 Highway") wrote songs about it, and many Mississippians, such as Muddy Waters and Bo Diddley took the blues to Chicago along the route. All these connections led Bob Dylan to commemorate the highway in the title song of his album Highway 61 Revisited. The present U.S. Highway 61 has its Northern Terminus at I-35 in Wyoming, Minnesota, and the Southern Terminus at US-90 in New Orleans, Louisiana. 59) Highway 61 in North Carolina: Northern Terminus of NC 61 is at NC 150 in Osceola. The Southern Terminus of NC 61 is at NC 62 in Kimesville. 60) The Bay Farm Island Bridge is part of California Highway 61. It is a 125 foot single leaf bascule bridge and spans the San Leandro Bay inlet to the Oakland Estuary at Otis Drive. 61) The King's Highway 61 has been in existence since 1937 in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. Pigeon River International Bridge Northern Terminus: Hwy 11 & 17 Jct. in Thunder Bay Length (1997): 58.1 km�(36.1 miles) 61 in Sports & Games 62) Baseball's 61st All-Star Game was played at Wrigley Field, Chicago on July 10, 1990. The American League won 2-0, with Bret Saberhagen as the winning pitcher. Heavy rain halted the game for over an hour in the 7th inning. When the game resumed, Julio France doubled in two runs off the new pitcher Rob Dibble. The Nationals were held to two hits, an All-Star all-time low. Dennis Eckersley got the save. 63) Baseball's 61st World Series (1964): St. Louis Cardinals defeats New York Yankees 4-3 Bob Gibson won the final game against Mel Stottlemyre 7-5 (10-15-1964) and sets a new World Series record of 31 strikeouts. 64) Roger Maris hits 61 homers breaking Babe Ruth's 34-year old record of 60 homers. His 61st homer was hit off Boston's Tracy Stallard at Yankee Stadium which won the game 1-0 (October 1, 1961). Maris's record stood for 37 years until Mark McGwire's 62nd homer (Sept. 8, 1998). 65) Baseball: George Sisler (June 1920) and Chuck Klein (1930) share the record for the most hits in a month with 61. 66) Nolan Ryan and Tom Seaver are tied in 7th place for career shutouts with 61. Total Baseball, 4th Ed., Viking, NY (1995), p. 2287 67) L.A. Lakers' Elgin Baylor sets a record for 61 points in a NBA finals game against the Boston Celtics (April 14, 1962) 68) 61st Wimbledon Men Tennis: Jack Kramer beats Tom P. Brown (July 4, 1947) 69) 61st Wimbledon Women Tennis: Maureen Connolly beats A. L. Brough (July 3, 1954) 70) Wayne Gretzky holds or shares 61 NHL records listed in the League's Official Guide & Record Book: 40 for regular season, 15 for Stanley Cup playoff and six for All-Star Game. 71) Wayne Gretzky has the longest consecutive point-scoring streak in the NHL: 51 games— 61 goals, 92 assists for 153 points (Oct. 5, 1983 to Jan. 28, 1984) 72) Dawn Fraser (Australia) won the Olympics Gold (Rome 1960) in 100-meter freestyle women swimming in 61.2 seconds, to become the first woman swimmer to retain an Olympic crown. 61 in Art, Books, Music, & Film 73) Woodblock Print 61 of Ando Hiroshige's 100 Views of Edo (1856-1858) is titled "Scattered Pines beside the Tone River" 74) Painting Sixty One by Quentin Smith is also titled "Swept into the Human Maelstrom" (August 2003) 75) Picasso Lithographs: 61 Works was published by Dover Art Library (1980). It contains 61 black and white pictures of Picasso lithographs with little commentary. 76) Krishna Print 61 shows "Sri Sri Radha and Krishna dancing together" 77) Volume 61 of the Dictionary of Literary Biography is titled "American Writers for Children since 1960, Poets, Illustrators and Nonfiction Authors" Edited by Glenn E. Estes, Gale Research, Detroit, 1987 The 32 entries include Tomie dePaola, Leonard Everett Fisher, Genevieve Foster, Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss), Nancy Larrick, Myra Cohn Livingston, Milton Meltzer, Eve Merriam, Richard Scarry, Maurice Sendak, William Steig, and Chris Van Allsburg. 78) 61* : The Story of Roger Maris, Mickey Mantle and One Magical Summer is a book by Ron Smith and Billy Crystal published by McGraw Hill (2001). The phrase "61 in '61" held a special place in baseball lore. It was the year when Mantle and Maris made an assault on Babe Ruth's 60 home runs record. 61* chronicles in week-by-week format the home run race, up to and including the Yankees' World Series victory that year. 79) Johann Sebastian Bach's Cantata #61 is titled Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland (Come Redeemer of the Gentiles) 80) Joseph Haydn's Symphony #61 in D Major (1776) Recording: Antal Dorati, Philharmonia Hungarica, London 81) Beethoven's Opus #61 is Violin Concerto No. 1 in D major (1806) Beethoven composed only one concerto for violin. It is in D major, and carries the opus number 61. The concerto was composed and performed on December 23, 1806. It was published in 1808 and is dedicated to Beethoven's longtime friend, Stephan von Breuning. (More detail) 82) Frederic Chopin's Opus #61 is Polonaise-fantasie A flat Major (1846) Chopin composed polonaises nearly all his life, beginning in 1817 when he wrote Polonaise in G minor (the first piece ever by the then 7-year-old composer) and ending in 1846 with Polonaise-Fantasie in A flat major Op. 61. How to Play Chopin?: Chopin's Polonaises 83) Felix Mendelssohn's Opus 61 is part of a suite of incidental music written for Shakespeare's play A Midsummer Night's Dream at Potsdam in 1842. Opus 61 comprises 13 pieces, the first of which is a Scherzo depicting the darting movements of Puck and the fairies in Act 2. No. 2 is a march announcing the arrival Oberon and Titania,

Advertise on Parabolic Arc Space Tourism … and Much More Tag: Eutelsat Eutelsat Satellite Degraded by Solar Panel Loss January 18, 2020 January 17, 2020 News 0 PARIS, 17 January, 2020 (Eutelsat PR) – On October 24, 2019, Eutelsat announced an investigation into a malfunction on one of the two solar arrays on its EUTELSAT 5 West B satellite. Pursuant to this investigation, the loss of the satellite's South solar array has been confirmed. With the exception of the South solar array, the satellite performance remains nominal. The attendant power loss means c.45% of the capacity of the satellite can be operated. First Spacebus Neo Satellite Launched Spacebus Neo Konnect in the thermal vacuum test chamber. (Credit: Thales Alenia Space) KOUROU, French Guiana (ESA PR) — Ariane 5's first launch of 2020 has delivered two telecom satellites, Konnect and GSAT-30, into their planned transfer orbits. Arianespace announced liftoff at 21:05 GMT (22:05 CET, 18:05 local time) this evening from Europe's Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana. Konnect, with a launch mass of 3619 kg, was the first to be released after about 27 minutes. First Spacebus Neo Satellite Set for Launch The Konnect satellite is placed within the fairing for launch aboard Ariane 5. (Credit: ESA) KOUROU, French Guiana (ESA PR) — The first satellite developed under an initiative to help European industry deliver competitive satellites for the commercial telecommunications market has entered its final phase before launch. Konnect will provide broadband services for Europe and Africa, and was built by Thales Alenia Space for Eutelsat, its commercial operator, under an ESA Partnership Project. Proton M Launches Mission Extension Vehicle, Comsat October 10, 2019 October 10, 2019 News 0 Proton launch (Credit: Roscosomos) MOSCOW (Roscosmos PR) — On October 9, 2019, at 10:17:56 the Proton-M carrier rocket with Briz-M booster together with Eutelsat 5 West B and Mission Extension Vehicle-1 satellites successfully launched from launchpad No.39 pad No.200 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. The start and the flight of the launch vehicle went as expected with no remarks. Upcoming Launches Include Mission Extension Vehicle, ICON and Starlink Satellites October 7, 2019 News 0 Mission Extension Vehicle refuels satellite. (Credit: Orbital ATK) Four upcoming launches in the United States, Russia and New Zealand feature payloads to refuel a communications satellite, study space weather, expand SpaceX's Starlink network, and test out new technology. Payloads: Eutelsat 5 West B communications satellite, Mission Extension Vehicle 1 (MEV 1) Launch Site: Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan Launch Time: 6:17 a.m. EDT (1017 GMT ) This is the first flight of the MEV, which will refuel the Intelsat 901 communications satellite. Both satellites on this launch were built by Northrop Grumman. October 9/10 Pegasus XL Payload: Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) satellite Launch Platform: Stargazer L-1011 aircraft Departure Site: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Fla. Launch Window: 9:25-10:55 p.m. EDT on Oct. 9 (0125-0255 GMT on Oct. 10) NASA's ICON mission will study disturbances in the ionosphere caused by terrestrial weather and solar storms that disrupt radio transmissions and GPS navigation. ICON has suffered repeated delays due to technical problems. The original launch date was in June 2017. The launch is being conducted by Northrop Grumman. October 14/15 Payloads: Palisade CubeSat Launch Site: Mahia Peninsula, New Zealand Launch Window: 7:00-11:00 p.m. EDT on Oct. 14 (2300-0300 GMT on Oct. 14/15) Rocket Lab's "As The Crow Flies" mission is the ninth launch of the Electron rocket Astro Digital's Palisade technology demonstration satellite is a 16U CubeSat with a next-generation communications system and an an on-board propulsion system. NET October 17 Payloads: ~ 60 Starlink 1 communications satellites Launch Site: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Fla. Launch Time: TBD SpaceX will launch the second group of Starlink 1 broadband satellites no earlier than Oct. 17. Quantum Satellite Completes Thermal Vacuum Testing October 3, 2019 October 2, 2019 News 0 Quantum satellite in thermal vacuum facility. (Credit ESA) TOULOUSE, France (ESA PR) — The Quantum satellite – Europe's reprogrammable telecommunications satellite – built through an ESA Partnership Project with its operator Eutelsat successfully completed thermal vacuum testing on 28 September. The huge test chamber at Airbus's Astrolabe facility in Toulouse took the "chameleon satellite" through its paces over the past five weeks. Ariane 5 Launches 2 Communications Satellites June 20, 2019 News 0 Ariane 5 liftoff on June 20, 2019 (Credit: ESA) KOUROU, French Guiana, 21 June 2019 (ESA PR) — An Ariane 5 has delivered the T-16 and Eutelsat-7C telecom satellites into their planned orbits. Arianespace announced liftoff at 21:43 GMT (23:43 CEST, 18:43 local time) yesterday from Europe's Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana. The mission lasted about 33 minutes. T-16 with a launch mass of 6330 kg, was the first to be released after about 27 minutes. The 3400 kg Eutelsat-7C was released 6 minutes later. T-16 owned by for AT&T (DirecTV) provides high-power broadcast services covering the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. T-16 has a design life of 15 years. Eutelsat-7C, owned and operated by Eutelsat, provides high-power broadcasting for markets in Africa, Europe, the Middle East and Turkey. This satellite has a design life of more than 15 years. The performance requested for this launch was about 10 594 kg. The satellites totalled about 9730 kg, with payload adapters and carrying structures making up the rest. Flight VA248 was the 104th Ariane 5 mission. Payload + Platform Mating Completed for EUTELSAT QUANTUM May 29, 2019 May 29, 2019 News 0 Mating of the Quantum Satellite. (Credit: Airbus) TOULOUSE, France, 28 May 2019 (SSTL PR) — The payload and the platform for the EUTELSAT QUANTUM satellite were successfully joined together at the Airbus facility in Toulouse on 10th May. The satellite has been developed as an ESA Partnership Project with satellite operator Eutelsat and satellite manufacturer Airbus, under ESA's programme of Advanced Research in Telecommunications Systems (ARTES) leveraging on Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd, which provided the satellite's innovative platform. Reprogrammable Satellite Takes Shape The communications module of Quantum is slowly lowered onto the service module.(Credit: Airbus) Toulouse, France, 15 May 2019 (ESA PR) — The payload and platform of the first European satellite that can be completely reprogrammed after launch have been successfully joined together. The assembly of Eutelsat Quantum took place in the Airbus facility in Toulouse, France, on 10 May. UK Space Agency Provides More than £900,000 for Education and Range Control for Launch UK December 7, 2018 December 6, 2018 News 0 Close to £1 million [$1.28 million] of government funding will be used to inspire the next generation of engineers and support future commercial range control services for UK spaceflight. SWINDON, UK (UKSA PR) — The UK Space Agency is awarding £325,000 [$415,357] to the UK Association for Science and Discovery Centres (ASDC) to bring the latest space science to children and families across the UK. This will help create new resources based on real scientific and engineering challenges, including those facing the operation of UK spaceports, rockets and spaceplanes. Together, up to 14 UK science centres and museums will deliver activities to 200,000 children and adults until March 2021, building on the success of ASDC's Destination Space education programme, which reached more than 900,000 people during Tim Peake's Principia mission. New Multi-million Pound Satellite Investment Deal for the UK November 25, 2018 November 24, 2018 News 4 SWINDON, UK (UK Space Agency PR) — A new multi-million-pound deal by European businesses Eutelsat and Airbus will see satellite components and major parts assembled in the UK. Eutelsat and Airbus invest millions in new satellite components and assembly in the UK Deal will support hundreds of high quality jobs in Portsmouth and Stevenage and thousands of jobs in the supply chain A year since the launch of the modern Industrial Strategy, this deal represents a further vote of confidence in the UK's future economy and growing space industry Eutelsat Signs Long-term Multiple-launch Service Agreement with Arianespace September 11, 2018 September 10, 2018 News 1 PARIS (Arianespace PR) — Arianespace and Eutelsat Communications (NYSE Euronext Paris: ETL) have concluded a long-term multiple-launch service agreement on the occasion of the World Satellite Business Week in Paris. The agreement covers five launches until 2027 and will provide Eutelsat with assured access

malawi cichlids water parameters At the lower end of this scale, the fish may be less aggressive, but also less active and less inclined to breed. This is also important to keep aggression to a minimum when housing a lot of Cichlids together. The word can be translated in English as "rock fish". Notable mbuna cichlids. They live amongst the rocks, in comparison to non-mbunas, like the utaka, who live in o… African cichlids from the lakes Victoria and Malawi will prosper in a PH range between 7.4 to 7.9. Water temperature should be 23-28 o C (73-82 o F), so a middle value of 25-26 o C (77-79 o F) is probably ideal. I am in the process of planning for a water storage tank for my Malawi Cichlids, and wanted to hear some other people's opinions of what would be the best solution in a situation such as mine. Aquarium Setup. These include Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi, and Lake Tanganyika. Species from rivers might appreciate water or an air pump to create a stronger current. Well, here is … Carbonate hardness is an important Cichlid water parameter, also known as "buffering capacity" or "total alkalinity," Without adequate buffering, the pH in your aquarium will eventually drop because the end result of the nitrogen cycle is nitrate (nitric-acid), which slowly builds up between water changes. We are reader supported. The water parameters of the lake are hardly ever agreed upon. It will keep your cichlids healthy and in a more peaceful mood. Clean, well-filtered water. The Red Empress Cichlid is a visually striking fish that can add vibrant color to your aquarium. 1, Possibilities for a Malawi Aquarium. Despite popular opinion the water of Lake Malawi isn't really all that hard. Start with less aggressive species. Lake Tanganyikan cichlids prefer higher alkaline levels between 8.3 to 9.3. The typical range of PH is from 7.7 - 8.6. Lake Malawi African cichlids are easy fish, no big problem for beginners. Some pet stores will also stock Cichlid Buffer additives to buffer the water. Ninety percent of those are cichlids, and that is what makes Lake Malawi … Water Parameters. Lake Malawi is hard and alkaline. Water temperature for Malawi cichlids. Article on Malawi Mbuna cichlids - keeping and breeding. However, with sufficient buffering the pH remains stable. Fish information on the Lake Malawi Cichlids known as the "Haps", Haplochromis group habitats and cichlids tanks for free-swimming types of cichlids, including the Utaka. They are known for their dazzling colors, which can vary dramatically from fish to fish. This body of water is very consistent year-round when it comes to parameters and water chemistry. These fish do prefer harder water, and they need to be kept at a pH range between 7.5 and 8.5. Malawi cichlids come from a rift lake in East Africa (Lake Malawi) that is very much alkaline (pH 7.5 to around 8.8) yet has relatively soft to medium hard water at best. The typical range of PH is from 7.7 - 8.6. GH levels naturally drop over time because minerals do not stay suspended in water very long therefore regular partial water changes are best. Always keep nitrate levels as low as possible, preferably under 40 ppm, and ammonia and nitrite should always be zero. Your Cichlids will thrive when provided with certain water parameters. But, the mind-blowing fact that it contains somewhere around 800 fish species. Water parameters and care: Ammonia: low to 0 ppm Temperature. Many mbuna cichlids are regularly stocked and sold by pet shops. Conclusion. Peacock cichlids thrive in a water environment that mimics the conditions of their native Lake Malawi where the temperature is a bit warmer than the water habitat of other cichlid species. Cichlids are sensitive to pH changes. Francesco Zezza went to Lake Malawi equipped with a highly configurable PH reader and his findings from seven locations found the PH of the water to range from 7.7 – 8.1. There are two major types of cichlids, African and American, it is uncommon to house both species as they appear to be more aggressive toward each other, it is better to choose one of the two. ... How to Setup African Cichlids Part 1. Be cautious of doing more frequent changes as these fish are very sensitive to new water. Reef Solutions can create a program that fits anyone's service requirements and budget. In this article, we will look at all these factors that go into keeping Lake Malawi Cichlids healthy and happy in an aquarium. Lake Tanganyikan cichlids prefer higher alkaline levels between 8.3 to 9.3. We can service your aquarium daily, twice weekly, weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly. A minimum of 115 Liter tank is good size to start with for most species of African Cichlids. All Rights Reserved. Cichlids may appreciate live plants, but otherwise, silk plants or a hardscape will work fine. All species from Lake Malawi thrive in the temperature range of 77-84 °F. So many hobbyists with softer water will tend to keep things like crushed coral in the tank to help buffer the water. African Cichlid water parameters should be kept at the following alkaline ranges: Malawi species: 7.4 – 8.6 And now you have to remember all of these other things : Keep your temperature for Cichlids, and tropical fish between 25°C and 27°C. ), a pH over 7.8 and definitely a high mineral content which includes a GH over 200 ppm (or more) *Typical food: The Taiwan Reef Cichlid primarily feeds on the algae cover on rocks, however it is an omnivore and will accept a varied diet. Lake Malawi African cichlids are easy fish, no big problem for beginners. Many common and rare aquarium species of African cichlid… Many cichlid-keepers tend to choose tank mates that are from Lake Malawi because they naturally prefer the same … They also need certain water parameters and diets. Because of the sensitivity of a reef environment, we service them weekly. You can use rock, marine coal, and sand to raise the PH and buffer the water. Regarding water parameters, the fish can live in hard alkaline water akin to what African cichlids and longer aquariums as well because of their active nature. (4-6 dGH and 6-8 dKH). Water temperature should be 23-28 o C (73-82 o F), so a middle value of 25-26 o C (77-79 o F) is probably ideal. The African peacock cichlid is a stunning and beautiful addition to any aquarium, provided you choose compatible tank mates. If the water parameters waver, you may experience an increase in tension among tank mates, including your African peacock cichlid. Take one look at these fish and you'll understand their colorful name. Types of Lake Malawi Cichlids Mbuna Cichlids Article on Malawi Mbuna cichlids - keeping and breeding. The lake is known for having alkaline water that is known for clarity and is extremely stable in terms of its pH level and other key parameters. Water temperature ranges from mid-60's to well above 84° F, depending on location, although most species do best between 75° and 80° F. Most New World cichlids offered for sale are commercially raised and tolerate a wide range of water parameters. Open swimming space, plus rock work for caves and hiding spaces. Salmon Red rainbow fish The red rainbowfish is closely related to the Australian rainbow and an ideal alternative to companion your cichlids with. At the lower end of this scale, the fish may be less aggressive, but also less active and less inclined to breed. Therefore, avoid changes in pH greater than .3 units per day. Waters Parameters. Feel free to take in the following link after enjoying,

Site Directory Home Supreme Council State Council San Jose Chapter St. Joseph Assembly Past Grand Knights Directions to our Council St. Elizabeth Parish Church Catholic Professionals Columbia Magazine Fathers For Good Fr. McGivney Website Freedom of Choice Act Info History of the Knights of Columbus Our Position on Pro-Life Surge With Service RealCatholicTV Headline Bistro Vocations Page Diocese of San Jose Wheelchair Foundation Knights of Columbus Position on The Right To Life Abortion is not a choice. It is a decision. It must be made plain and clear to the participants that this decision's consequences are irreversible. "The Gospel of Life" is a reminder that the call to cherish and support life from conception to natural death comes from the Gospel of Jesus Christ itself. THE POPE'S PRO-LIFE MANIFESTO Of all the Church documents over the centuries, one of the most complete statements on the dignity and value of human life is the 1995 encyclical by Pope John Paul II entitled The Gospel of Life (Evangelium Vitae). This document sets forth clearly the Catholic position on today's life issues, including abortion, euthanasia, capital punishment, the relationship between civil and moral law, the responsibilities of politicians and voters, and indeed the whole "civilization of love." The text is presented here with a study guide by journalist and author Russell Shaw. Because of its magisterial splendor, this encyclical is the cornerstone of our pro-life section. THE U.S. BISHOPS IN DEFENSE OF LIFE At their 1998 November meeting in Washington, DC, the National Conference of Catholic Bishops for the United States issued a Statement on Life that calls Catholics to transform their culture according to the Gospel of Life. HUMANAE VITAE: ON HUMAN LIFE On 25th of July, 1968 — the Feast of St. James the Apostle — Pope Paul VI issued the prophetic encyclical Humanae Vitae. This encyclical is a beautiful statement of the procreative and unitive ends of marriage and the inseparability of life and love. The Pope also correctly foresaw the moral chaos that would ensue as society took on a contraceptive mentality. The antidote to this moral poison is in this compelling document, which proclaims in a new way what the entire Christian world believed until our own time. ORDER DEFENDS HOLY SEE AT THE UNITED NATIONS The Knights of Columbus has recently been granted status as a non-governmental organization (NGO) by the United Nations. In its first action as an NGO, the Knights of Columbus opposed attempts by Catholics for a Free Choice and other pro-abortion organizations to have the Holy See's U.N. status downgraded from permanent observer to NGO. For more details, see the article UN Grants NGO Status to K of C. For a web site which tracks the activities of pro-family NGOs at the United Nations, visit the Catholic Family and Human Rights Institute. SUMMARY OF K OF C PRO-LIFE INITIATIVES In his annual report for 1998, Supreme Knight Virgil C. Dechant devoted a major section to the Knights' pro-life activities. Information gathered from this report serves admirably to demonstrate the Knights of Columbus' wide-ranging commitment to life. MILESTONES IN THE CRUSADE FOR LIFE Even before the U.S. Supreme Court's 1973 Roe vs. Wade decision, the Knights of Columbus had positioned itself as a leader in the pro-life movement. In the fall of 1972, the Knights went to work with other pro-life groups to combat abortion. Its opposition to abortion is a pledge the Order has proudly kept for a quarter of a century of milestones in the Crusade for Life. SECOND LOOK This link came about as a result of an article in a recent edition of Knightline. One of these articles titled, "Knights Back U.S. Bishops' Effort Urging a 'Second Look' at Abortion" refered readers to the website: http://www.secondlookproject.org/ The website link shown contains two very poignant posters relating to Pro-Life issues. We have elected to make this link permanent on this site until it is either taken down or modified by the source. The St. Juan Diego Society Women's Center Pro-Life Advocates At Their Best The Juan Diego Society Women's Center is located on North White Road across the street from James Link High School. In very close proximity to their offices is a Planned Parenthood office. Talk about competition. They operate out of a 1,200 square foot office space. What makes their mission more difficult is that receive NO financial support from the Diocese of San Jose. All of their funding comes from donations. It is a sad statement but it was revealed to us that the Prostestant Pro-Life organizations have more resources to draw from than The Juan Diego Society Women's Center. Originally founded by the late Msgr. Sweeney, former pastor of Our Lady of Peace parish, the Juan Diego Society has been fighting a constant uphill battle to guide young girls in trouble from taking the horrible path to the abortion clinic nearby. Over the past year, approxiamately 70% of the girls who enter their offices are under the age of 20. Sad as this is to say, the youngest girl that has walked into their offices was only 12 years of age. We encourage all of our members to support this worthwhile organization by reviewing the list of those items they can use the most: Diapers (newborn to size 5) Baby Cribs made after 2003. The reason for this is that cribs older than this do not comply with recent safety standards Some of the items that the Juan Diego Society cannot accept are baby formula because of shelf life issues and restrictions based on the infant's specific dietary/health requirements. PRAYER FOR THE UNBORN We should make it a habit to pray daily for the lives of the unborn. Here is a very short and easy to remember prayer by Archbishop Fulton J. Sheen: Jesus, Mary, Joseph, I love you very much. I beg you to spare the life of the unborn child that I have spiritually adopted, who is in danger of abortion. Amen. A Letter from Supreme Knight Carl A. Anderson Regarding the Dangers of the Freedom of Choice Act (F.O.C.A.) The Battle To Protect Life Is Far From Over Dear Brother Knight: It is probably fair to say that no other single activity has defined the Knights of Columbus over the past half century as much as the pro-life movement. Following the shock of the Supreme Court's decision to preempt all state and federal laws regulating abortion in Roe v. Wade in 1973, we launched a long-term battle to fight legalized abortion. While achieving the ultimate goal of overturning Roe remains somewhere in the future, we have been able to achieve many small successes along the way: · the Hyde Amendment, which restricts federal funding for abortions; · the federal law banning partial birth abortions, which was finally upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in April 2007; · the "Mexico City Policy," which has barred the use of federal taxpayers' money to pay for abortions in other countries; · laws in 44 states that preserve a parental role when children under 18 seek abortions; · laws in 40 states that restrict late-term abortions; · laws in 46 states that protect the right of conscience for individual health care providers; · laws in 27 states that protect the right of conscience for institutions; · laws in 38 states that ban partial birth abortions; · laws in 33 states that require counseling before having an abortion; · and laws in 16 states that provide for ultrasounds before an abortion. All of these restrictions on abortion - all of the progress we've made over the past 35 years in trying to limit and reduce abortions in the United States - would be invalidated with the stroke of a pen if the next Congress passes, and the next president signs, the so-called "Freedom of Choice Act" (FOCA). Before you cast your vote on Tuesday, please take the time and effort necessary to learn whether candidates for whom you might vote favor or oppose Freedom of Choice Act. The House sponsors of the Freedom of Choice Act are listed here The

A qualitative study into how guidelines facilitate general practitioners to empower women to make decisions regarding antidepressant use in pregnancy Claire-Odile McCauley, Karen Casson It is estimated that 14.5%of women suffer depression in pregnancy [Sit,D.K.Y., Flint, C.,Svidergol, D., White, J., Wimer, M., Bish, B., & Wisner, K.L. (2009). An emerging bestpractice model for perinatal depression care. Psychiatric Services, 60, 1429–1431.Retrieved from http://ps.psychiatryonline.org/journal.aspx?journalid¼18], which hasbeen linked to a number of negative outcomes such as higher levels of preterm delivery,reduced cognitive development and poor mother–baby connection [Judd, F., Stafford, L.,Gibson, P., & Ahrens, J. (2011). The early motherhood service: An acceptable andaccessible perinatal mental health service. Australasian Psychiatry, 19, 240–246.doi:10.3109/10398562.2011.562294]. The lack of clarity surrounding safety informationhas impacted treatment decisions with general practitioners (GPs) reportedly feelinghesitant to prescribe antidepressants [Bilszta, J.L., Tsuchiya, S., Han, K., Buist, A.E., &Einarson, A. (2011). Primary care physicians attitudes and practices regardingantidepressant use during pregnancy: A survey of two countries. Archive of Women'sMental Health, 14, 71–75. doi:10.1007/s00737-010-0197-8], yet the usage of perinataldepression guidelines among GPs is reportedly low [Kean, L.J., Hamilton, J., & Shah, P.(2011). Antidepressants for mothers:What are we prescribing? Scottish Medical Journal,56, 94–97. doi:10.1258/smj.2011.011034]. Therefore, this study aimed to explore theopinions of GPs on how clinical guidelines for perinatal depression facilitated them toempower pregnant women to make an informed decision about the use of antidepressantsin pregnancy. Using qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews were conductedwith one GP from eight practices in Derry City, Northern Ireland. The main areasexplored in the interview schedule were guidelines on perinatal depression, GPunderstanding of 'patient empowerment', GP practice policy on patient decision making,constraints of treatment decisions and a discussion on which health promotion model wasmost reflective of their views on the provision of healthcare. Only some of the GPs wereaware of the National Institute National Institute for Health and Clinical ExcellenceClinical Excellence [NICE (2007). Antenatal and postnatal mental health: Clinicalmanagement and service guidance (Clinical Guideline No. CG45). Retrieved from http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/11004/30433/30433.pdf] perinatal depression guidelinesbut acknowledged that they were generic and lacked utility, instead they relied ontheir own professional experience and patient knowledge to make decisions. Involvingpatients in treatment decision making was viewed as central to patient empowerment;however, its application in routine practice was often limited by complex clinicalscenarios. Findings from this study suggested an identified need for a local specialistperinatal service to provide evidence-based information and timely support. Anempowerment model for the improvement of perinatal depression has been developed from the study findings as a framework for women, their community and their GPs. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion Published - 25 Mar 2013 perinatal depression http://uir.ulster.ac.uk/25970/1/A_qualitative_study_into_how_guidelines_facilitate_general_practitioners_to_empower_women_to_make_decisions_regarding_antidepressant_use_in_pregnancy_McCauley_and_Casson.pdf Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'A qualitative study into how guidelines facilitate general practitioners to empower women to make decisions regarding antidepressant use in pregnancy'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. General Practitioners Medicine & Life Sciences Antidepressive Agents Medicine & Life Sciences Guidelines Medicine & Life Sciences Depression Medicine & Life Sciences Patient Participation Medicine & Life Sciences Mental Health Services Medicine & Life Sciences Decision Making Medicine & Life Sciences McCauley, C-O., & Casson, K. (2013). A qualitative study into how guidelines facilitate general practitioners to empower women to make decisions regarding antidepressant use in pregnancy. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 25 Mar. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623730.2013.781872 McCauley, Claire-Odile ; Casson, Karen. / A qualitative study into how guidelines facilitate general practitioners to empower women to make decisions regarding antidepressant use in pregnancy. In: International Journal of Mental Health Promotion. 2013 ; Vol. 25 Mar. @article{4ce33659205f47a88fbe7699b86b299b, title = "A qualitative study into how guidelines facilitate general practitioners to empower women to make decisions regarding antidepressant use in pregnancy", abstract = "It is estimated that 14.5%of women suffer depression in pregnancy [Sit,D.K.Y., Flint, C.,Svidergol, D., White, J., Wimer, M., Bish, B., & Wisner, K.L. (2009). An emerging bestpractice model for perinatal depression care. Psychiatric Services, 60, 1429–1431.Retrieved from http://ps.psychiatryonline.org/journal.aspx?journalid¼18], which hasbeen linked to a number of negative outcomes such as higher levels of preterm delivery,reduced cognitive development and poor mother–baby connection [Judd, F., Stafford, L.,Gibson, P., & Ahrens, J. (2011). The early motherhood service: An acceptable andaccessible perinatal mental health service. Australasian Psychiatry, 19, 240–246.doi:10.3109/10398562.2011.562294]. The lack of clarity surrounding safety informationhas impacted treatment decisions with general practitioners (GPs) reportedly feelinghesitant to prescribe antidepressants [Bilszta, J.L., Tsuchiya, S., Han, K., Buist, A.E., &Einarson, A. (2011). Primary care physicians attitudes and practices regardingantidepressant use during pregnancy: A survey of two countries. Archive of Women{\textquoteright}sMental Health, 14, 71–75. doi:10.1007/s00737-010-0197-8], yet the usage of perinataldepression guidelines among GPs is reportedly low [Kean, L.J., Hamilton, J., & Shah, P.(2011). Antidepressants for mothers:What are we prescribing? Scottish Medical Journal,56, 94–97. doi:10.1258/smj.2011.011034]. Therefore, this study aimed to explore theopinions of GPs on how clinical guidelines for perinatal depression facilitated them toempower pregnant women to make an informed decision about the use of antidepressantsin pregnancy. Using qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews were conductedwith one GP from eight practices in Derry City, Northern Ireland. The main areasexplored in the interview schedule were guidelines on perinatal depression, GPunderstanding of {\textquoteleft}patient empowerment{\textquoteright}, GP practice policy on patient decision making,constraints of treatment decisions and a discussion on which health promotion model wasmost reflective of their views on the provision of healthcare. Only some of the GPs wereaware of the National Institute National Institute for Health and Clinical ExcellenceClinical Excellence [NICE (2007). Antenatal and postnatal mental health: Clinicalmanagement and service guidance (Clinical Guideline No. CG45). Retrieved from http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/11004/30433/30433.pdf] perinatal depression guidelinesbut acknowledged that they were generic and lacked utility, instead they relied ontheir own professional experience and patient knowledge to make decisions. Involvingpatients in treatment decision making was viewed as central to patient empowerment;however, its application in routine practice was often limited by complex clinicalscenarios. Findings from this study suggested an identified need for a local specialistperinatal service to provide evidence-based information and timely support. Anempowerment model for the improvement of perinatal depression has been developed from the study findings as a framework for women, their community and their GPs.", keywords = "perinatal depression, guidelines, general practitioners, empowerment, qualitative", author = "Claire-Odile McCauley and Karen Casson", note = "Reference text: Adams, J.R., & Drake, R.E. (2006). Shared decision making and evidence-based practice. Community Mental Health Journal, 42(1), 87–105. doi:10.1007/s10597-005-9005-8. Anderson, R.M., & Funnell, M.A. (2010). Patient empowerment: Myths and misconceptions. Patient Education and Counseling, 79, 277–282. doi:10.1016/i.pec.2009.07.025. Aujoulat, I., d{\textquoteright}Hoore, W., & Deccache, A. (2007). Patient empowerment in theory and practice: Polysemy or cacophony. Patient Education and Counseling, 66, 13–20. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2006.09.008. Avis, M. (2005). Is there an epistemology for qualitative research? In I. Holloway (Ed.), Qualitativeresearch in health care (pp. 3–15). Maidenhead: Open University Press. Bennett, I.M., Marcus, S.C., Palmer, S.C., & Coyne, J.C. (2010). Pregnancy-related discontinuationof antidepressants and depression care visits among Medicaid recipients. Psychiatric Services,61, 386–391. Retrieved from http://ps.psychiatryonline.org/journal.aspx?journalid=18 Bermejo, I., Schneider, F., Kriston, L., Gaebel, W., Hegrel, U., Berger, M., & Harter, M. (2009). Improving outpatient care of depression by implementing practice guidelines: A controlled clinical trial. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 21(1), 29–36. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzn050. Bilszta, J., Ericksen, J., Buist, A., & Milgrom, J. (2010a). A qualitative study of health professionals involved in the care and treatment of woman with postnatal emotional distress. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 12(3), 5–13. Retrieved from http://www.ijmhp.co.uk/ Bilszta, J., Ericksen, J., Buist, A., & Milgrom, J. (2010b). Women{\textquoteright}s experience of postnatal depression-beliefs and attitudes as barriers to care. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing,27(3), 44–54. Retrieved from http://www.ajan.com.au/ Bilszta, J.L., Tsuchiya, S., Han, K., Buist, A.E., & Einarson, A. (2011). Primary care physician{\textquoteright}sattitudes and practices regarding antidepressant use during pregnancy: A survey of two countries. Archive of Women{\textquoteright}s Mental Health, 14, 71–75. doi:10.1007/s00737-010-0197-8. Bonari, L., Koren, G., Einarson, T.R., Jasper, J.D., Taddio, A., & Einarson, A. (2005). Use of antidepressants by pregnant women: Evaluation of perception of risk, efficacy of evidence based counselling and determinants of decision making. Archives of Women{\textquoteright}s Mental Health, 8,214–220. doi:10.1007/s00737-005-0094-8. Buist, A., Bilszta, J.,

In 1989 and 2003, the Vatican issued two documents: Aspects of Christian meditation and "A Christian reflection on the New Age," that were mostly critical of eastern and New Age practices. The 2003 document was published as a 90-page handbook detailing the Vatican's position.[287] The Vatican warned that concentration on the physical aspects of meditation "can degenerate into a cult of the body" and that equating bodily states with mysticism "could also lead to psychic disturbance and, at times, to moral deviations." Such has been compared to the early days of Christianity, when the church opposed the gnostics' belief that salvation came not through faith but through a mystical inner knowledge.[281] The letter also says, "one can see if and how [prayer] might be enriched by meditation methods developed in other religions and cultures"[288] but maintains the idea that "there must be some fit between the nature of [other approaches to] prayer and Christian beliefs about ultimate reality."[281] Some[which?] fundamentalist Christian organizations consider yoga to be incompatible with their religious background, considering it a part of the New Age movement inconsistent with Christianity.[289] In the early 11th century, the Persian scholar Al Biruni visited India, lived with Hindus for 16 years, and with their help translated several significant Sanskrit works into Arabic and Persian languages. One of these was Patanjali's Yogasutras.[291][292] Al Biruni's translation preserved many of the core themes of Patañjali 's Yoga philosophy, but certain sutras and analytical commentaries were restated making it more consistent with Islamic monotheistic theology.[291][293] Al Biruni's version of Yoga Sutras reached Persia and Arabian peninsula by about 1050 AD. Later, in the 16th century, the hath yoga text Amritakunda was translated into Arabic and then Persian.[294] Yoga was, however, not accepted by mainstream Sunni and Shia Islam. Minority Islamic sects such as the mystic Sufi movement, particularly in South Asia, adopted Indian yoga practises, including postures and breath control.[295][296] Muhammad Ghawth, a Shattari Sufi and one of the translators of yoga text in 16th century, drew controversy for his interest in yoga and was persecuted for his Sufi beliefs.[297] ^ Werner writes, "The word Yoga appears here for the first time in its fully technical meaning, namely as a systematic training, and it already received a more or less clear formulation in some other middle Upanishads....Further process of the systematization of Yoga as a path to the ultimate mystic goal is obvious in subsequent Yoga Upanishads and the culmination of this endeavour is represented by Patanjali's codification of this path into a system of the eightfold Yoga."[138] ^ The Pāli and Sanskrit word bhāvanā literally means "development" as in "mental development." For the association of this term with "meditation," see Epstein (1995), p. 105; and, Fischer-Schreiber et al. (1991), p. 20. As an example from a well-known discourse of the Pali Canon, in "The Greater Exhortation to Rahula" (Maha-Rahulovada Sutta, MN 62), Ven. Sariputta tells Ven. Rahula (in Pali, based on VRI, n.d.): ānāpānassatiṃ, rāhula, bhāvanaṃ bhāvehi. Thanissaro (2006) translates this as: "Rahula, develop the meditation [bhāvana] of mindfulness of in-&-out breathing." (Square-bracketed Pali word included based on Thanissaro, 2006, end note.) According to Zimmer, Yoga philosophy is reckoned to be part of the non-Vedic system, which also includes the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy, Jainism and Buddhism:[45] "[Jainism] does not derive from Brahman-Aryan sources, but reflects the cosmology and anthropology of a much older pre-Aryan upper class of northeastern India [Bihar] – being rooted in the same subsoil of archaic metaphysical speculation as Yoga, Sankhya, and Buddhism, the other non-Vedic Indian systems."[61][note 6] Malaysia's top Islamic body in 2008 passed a fatwa, prohibiting Muslims from practicing yoga, saying it had elements of Hinduism and that its practice was blasphemy, therefore haraam.[298] Some Muslims in Malaysia who had been practicing yoga for years, criticized the decision as "insulting."[299] Sisters in Islam, a women's rights group in Malaysia, also expressed disappointment and said yoga was just a form of exercise.[300] This fatwa is legally enforceable.[301] However, Malaysia's prime minister clarified that yoga as physical exercise is permissible, but the chanting of religious mantras is prohibited.[302] According to Crangle, some researchers have favoured a linear theory, which attempts "to interpret the origin and early development of Indian contemplative practices as a sequential growth from an Aryan genesis",[53][note 4] just like traditional Hinduism regards the Vedas to be the ultimate source of all spiritual knowledge.[55][note 5] Thomas McEvilley favors a composite model where pre-Aryan yoga prototype existed in the pre-Vedic period and its refinement began in the Vedic period.[58] According to Tattvarthasutra, 2nd century CE Jain text, yoga is the sum of all the activities of mind, speech and body.[6] Umasvati calls yoga the cause of "asrava" or karmic influx[172] as well as one of the essentials—samyak caritra—in the path to liberation.[172] In his Niyamasara, Acarya Kundakunda, describes yoga bhakti—devotion to the path to liberation—as the highest form of devotion.[173] Acarya Haribhadra and Acarya Hemacandra mention the five major vows of ascetics and 12 minor vows of laity under yoga. This has led certain Indologists like Prof. Robert J. Zydenbos to call Jainism, essentially, a system of yogic thinking that grew into a full-fledged religion.[174] The five yamas or the constraints of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali bear a resemblance to the five major vows of Jainism, indicating a history of strong cross-fertilization between these traditions.[174][note 16] Bodybuilding is the use of progressive resistance exercise to control and develop one's musculature for aesthetic purposes.[1] An individual who engages in this activity is referred to as a bodybuilder. In competitive bodybuilding, bodybuilders appear in lineups and perform specified poses (and later individual posing routines) for a panel of judges who rank the competitors based on criteria such as symmetry, muscularity, and conditioning. Bodybuilders prepare for competitions through the elimination of nonessential body fat, enhanced at the last stage by a combination of extracellular dehydration and carbohydrate loading, to achieve maximum muscular definition and vascularity, as well as tanning to accentuate the contrast of the skin under the spotlights. Bodybuilders may use anabolic steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs to build muscles. Intensive weight training causes micro-tears to the muscles being trained; this is generally known as microtrauma. These micro-tears in the muscle contribute to the soreness felt after exercise, called delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). It is the repair of these micro-traumas that results in muscle growth. Normally, this soreness becomes most apparent a day or two after a workout. However, as muscles become adapted to the exercises, soreness tends to decrease.[22] Modern yoga was created in what has been called the Modern Yoga Renaissance[216] by the blending of Western styles of gymnastics with postures from Haṭha yoga in India in the 20th century, pioneered by Shri Yogendra and Swami Kuvalayananda.[217] Before 1900 there were few standing poses in Haṭha yoga. The flowing sequences of salute to the sun, Surya Namaskar, were pioneered by the Rajah of Aundh, Bhawanrao Shrinivasrao Pant Pratinidhi, in the 1920s.[218] Many standing poses used in gymnastics were incorporated into yoga by Krishnamacharya in Mysore from the 1930s to the 1950s.[219] Several of his students went on to found influential schools of yoga: Pattabhi Jois created Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga,[220] which in turn led to Power Yoga;[221] B. K. S. Iyengar created Iyengar Yoga, and systematised the canon of asanas in his 1966 book Light on Yoga;[222] Indra Devi taught yoga to many film stars in Hollywood; and Krishnamacharya's son T. K. V. Desikachar founded the Krishnamacharya Yoga Mandalam in Chennai.[223][224][225] Other major schools founded in the 20th century include Bikram Choudhury's Bikram Yoga and Swami Sivananda of Rishikesh's Sivananda Vedanta Schools of Yoga. Modern yoga spread across America and Europe, and then the rest of the world.[226][227] Theosophists including Madame Blavatsky also had a large

Radiation as a Cause of Breast Cancer by Janet Maker, Ph.D. | May 7, 2018 | Blog post | 0 comments Radiation is a major environmental carcinogen. The most important distinction in terms of health is whether the radiation is ionizing or non-ionizing. Ionizing radiation has enough energy to remove electrons from atoms, which turns them into ions and creates free radicals. Cancer is the illness most commonly associated with ionizing radiation, because it damages the DNA in cells. Cells that are rapidly dividing, such as those in infants in growing children, are most sensitive to ionizing radiation. Pregnant women in particular should try to avoid ionizing radiation. Everyone is exposed to some naturally-occurring ionizing radiation from cosmic rays and radioactive elements in the earth. There is also human-made ionizing radiation, from nuclear weapons and nuclear power plants, medical tests and treatments, and other sources such as food irradiation and some consumer products. The amount of cell damage is related to the dose of radiation, but even a tiny dose could cause changes that might develop into cancer years later. There is no level of ionizing radiation that is considered safe. The following chart shows the annual U.S. estimated radiation dose per person for ionizing radiation. Source Average annual effective dose in millirems (mrem) Radon and other radioactive matter we eat, drink, or breathe 257 Radiation from soils, rocks, building materials 21 Cosmic/cosmogenic radiation 33 Human-made sources 311 As you can see, we get about half of our annual exposure from human-made sources. The types of cancers most directly linked to ionizing radiation are cancer of the thyroid and of the bone marrow, called leukemia. They may develop within a few years of exposure. Other types of cancer resulting from ionizing radiation take 10-15 years or longer to develop. Cancers commonly caused by ionizing radiation include breast cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer, multiple myeloma, and stomach cancer. We can expect to see these cancers turn up in a few years in survivors of the 2011 Fukushima Daiishi nuclear disaster, and maybe farther afield as well. Of course, if a particular part of the body was exposed to radiation, that is the region where cancer would be most likely to develop. Since the breasts and the lungs are located near each other, this is thought to be the reason that people who receive radiation for breast cancer are more likely to develop lung cancer later. Children are at higher risk than adults. Since cancer comes from multiple causes, each person's chance of developing cancer depends not only on the type and dose of radiation, but also on the person's exposure to other carcinogens, the health of the person's immune system, and genetics. We can't tell the difference between cancer caused by radiation and cancer caused by other carcinogens. Natural background radiation The most common type of ionizing radiation is called natural background radiation, and it comes from cosmic rays and from radioactive elements in the soil. Cosmic rays are radioactive particles that hit the earth from outer space. Because the earth's atmosphere blocks some cosmic rays, exposure is greater at higher altitudes. This means that people who live in the mountains are exposed to slightly more cosmic rays than people who live at sea level. People are also exposed to higher levels of cosmic rays during airplane flights. Airline pilots and flight attendants, who spend many hours at high elevations, are exposed to more of these rays. They likely have a higher risk of cancer, but the research on this is not clear. People are also exposed to small amounts of radiation from radioactive elements that occur naturally in rocks and soil. Some may end up in building materials used in houses and other structures. Small amounts of radiation may be found in drinking water and in some plant-based foods as a result of being in contact with the soil. Tobacco products contain low levels of radiation, which may come from the soil it's grown in and/or the fertilizer used to help it grow. We also come in contact with ionizing radiation as a result of the mining and burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas), the mining and smelting of some metals, and production of minerals such as the potassium or phosphorus used to make fertilizer. The largest source of natural background radiation for most people is radon. This is an odorless, colorless gas that is formed from the breakdown of radioactive elements in the ground, such as uranium and thorium, which can be found at different levels in soil and rock throughout the world. Radon gas in the soil and rock can move into the air and into ground water and surface water. Some radon can be found in building materials, such as granite kitchen countertops. Radon gas will dissipate outdoors, so most human exposure to radon occurs indoors, where it can build up. The levels of radon in homes and other buildings depend on the characteristics of the rocks and soil in the area. As a result, radon levels vary greatly in different parts of the United States, even within neighborhoods. Elevated radon levels have been found in every state. People who work underground, such as some types of miners, are among the most likely to be exposed to high levels of radon. High death rates from lung problems among miners in some parts of the world were first noted hundreds of years ago, long before people knew what radon was. Studies of radon-exposed miners during the 1950s and 1960s confirmed the link between radon exposure and lung cancer. Higher levels of radon exposure are also more likely for people who work in uranium processing factories or who come in contact with phosphate fertilizers, which may have high levels of radium (an element that can break down into radon). Radon in the air breaks down quickly, giving off tiny radioactive particles. When inhaled, these particles can lodge in the lining of the lungs, where they can damage the cells. Long term exposure can lead to lung cancer. Cigarette smoking is by far the most common cause of lung cancer in the United States, but radon is the second leading cause. Scientists estimate that about 20,000 lung cancer deaths per year are related to radon. Exposure to the combination of radon gas and cigarette smoke creates a greater risk for lung cancer than either factor alone. Most radon-related lung cancers occur among smokers, but radon is also thought to cause a significant number of lung cancer deaths among non-smokers in the United States each year. Some studies have suggested that radon exposure may be linked to other types of cancer as well, but the evidence for such links has been inconsistent and not nearly as strong as it is for lung cancer. If you are concerned about radon exposure in your home, you can read the Consumer's Guide To Radon Reduction: How to Fix Your Home on the EPA website. You can also read an article by RE/MAX on how to check for radon before you buy a home. If you are concerned about radon exposure in your workplace, you should consult the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations concerning radon. OSHA has the responsibility of protecting the American workforce from unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation, including radon. Medical radiation In addition to natural background radiation, there are three main sources of man-made ionizing radiation The first is medical radiation. Certain types of imaging tests, such as x-rays (including mammograms), CT scans, and nuclear medicine tests such as PET scans and bone scans expose people to low levels of radiation in order to create internal pictures of the body. MRI and ultrasound exams do not use ionizing radiation. The increased risk of cancer from exposure to any single test is

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His voter ID number is 601085603. Oaks, Davis Marsh was born in 1995 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 9304 W Iowa AVE, LAKEWOOD, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 601467970. Oaks, Dean Eric was born in 1965 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 13465 N Delbert RD, PARKER, Douglas County, CO. His voter ID number is 5813248. Oaks, Donna M was born in 1957 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 21134 E Greenwood PL, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 735789. Oaks, Elsie I was born in 1925 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1323 S Lima ST, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 670980. Oaks, Eric Clayton was born in 1980 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 9028 Vance ST # 104, WESTMINSTER, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 601360685. Oaks, Eric T was born in 1989 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 5862 Aspen AVE, ALAMOSA, Alamosa County, CO. His voter ID number is 600061388. Oaks, Floyd B was born in 1950 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 5862 Aspen AVE, ALAMOSA, Alamosa County, CO. His voter ID number is 626856. Oaks, Garret Lee was born in 1989 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 2840 S Circle DR LOT 305, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 600083486. Oaks, Gary Dean was born in 1962 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 20254 Kettle RD, AUSTIN, Delta County, CO. His voter ID number is 601263865. Oaks, Gerald was born in 1953 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 209 Bell AVE, ALAMOSA, Alamosa County, CO. His voter ID number is 620546. Oaks, Glenn Eugene was born in 1955 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 5351 S Lisbon WAY, CENTENNIAL, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 600466742. Oaks, Harold Michael was born in 1998 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 6040 Dudley ST, ARVADA, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 600928437. Oaks, Harold Thomas was born in 1966 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 10550 W 101St PL, WESTMINSTER, Jefferson County, CO. His voter ID number is 4021055. Oaks, Holly J was born in 1961 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 544 Potomac ST # G, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. Her voter ID number is 657929. Oaks, Jacob Lee was born in 1986 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 5384 Territorial ST, PARKER, Douglas County, CO. His voter ID number is 5713307. Oaks, Jacqueline Marie was born in 1968 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 16899 W 67Th PL, ARVADA, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 4192273. Oaks, James F Iv was born in 1975 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3301 Chelsea CT, FORT COLLINS, Larimer County, CO. His voter ID number is 1528809. Oaks, James Michael was born in 1974 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 6736 Dancing Wind DR, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 601118935. Oaks, James Palmer was born in 1945 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 1225 Wood AVE, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. His voter ID number is 441445. Oaks, James Ray was born in 1995 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 3061 W 92Nd AVE UNIT 10A, WESTMINSTER, Adams County, CO. His voter ID number is 601430471. Oaks, Jason Arvel was born in 1983 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1232 Sunrise LN, CRAIG, Moffat County, CO. Her voter ID number is 601098481. Oaks, Jason David was born in 1978 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 21134 E Greenwood PL, AURORA, Arapahoe County, CO. His voter ID number is 909882. Oaks, Jeannette K was born in 1946 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 16899 W 67Th PL, ARVADA, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 4192558. Oaks, Jeffrey Allen was born in 1961 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 308 Shenandoah WAY, LOCHBUIE, Weld County, CO. His voter ID number is 600273068. Oaks, Jeremy Ryan was born in 1991 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 611 Colorado AVE, TRINIDAD, Las Animas County, CO. His voter ID number is 601726134. Oaks, Jody was born in 1955 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 5862 Aspen AVE, ALAMOSA, Alamosa County, CO. Her voter ID number is 626857. Oaks, Joey Robert was born in 1975 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 8505 E Alameda AVE UNIT 2314, DENVER, Denver County, CO. His voter ID number is 601861240. Oaks, Juanita Lee was born in 1946 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 1225 Wood AVE, COLO SPRINGS, El Paso County, CO. Her voter ID number is 439150. Oaks, Julie J was born in 1962 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 13882 W 87Th DR, ARVADA, Jefferson County, CO. Her voter ID number is 4058792. Oaks, Justin Duane was born in 1986 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 651 Highway 50 UNIT 21, GRAND JUNCTION, Mesa County, CO. His voter ID number is 2376476. Oaks, Justin Harold was born in 1999 and he registered to vote, giving his address as 13465 N Delbert RD, PARKER, Douglas County, CO. His voter ID number is 601931975. Oaks, Karen Lynn was born in 1942 and she registered to vote, giving her address as 36825 Tree Haus DR, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, Routt County, CO. Her voter

Fontaine. 'Everyone is eagerly offering the government voluntary subsidies.' Bonaparte set about the formation of the Army of England, complete with a corps of guides who spoke English, overseeing the building of barges to transport the men and gunboats to protect them. He made frequent trips to its main camp at Boulogne, looking into every detail of the preparations, riding about in all weathers and getting drenched as he inspected and badgered. Soon a large force had assembled on the Channel coast, strung out in camps from Normandy to Antwerp, and hundreds of boats had been built. On the evening of 29 October he assured those gathered at Saint-Cloud that he would plant his flag on the Tower of London or die in the attempt. Two weeks later, from the heights above Ambleteuse he surveyed the English coast through his telescope, and could see people going about their business. 'It is a ditch which will be crossed if one dares to try,' he wrote. Ever the propagandist, he had an article placed in _Le Moniteur_ describing how, when pitching a tent for him, the men had uncovered medals of William the Conqueror and an axe-head left behind by the legions of Julius Caesar. Across the Channel, George III declared that he would never abandon the cause of the Bourbons, and the Aliens Office went into action once again with the aim of overthrowing Bonaparte. Funds began to flow once more, agents were activated and émigré diehards smuggled into France. Georges Cadoudal landed on 20 August at Biville, with his servant Picot and several accomplices, two of whom had been involved in the explosion of the rue Saint-Nicaise. Ten days later they were in Paris. The next to be sent was General Pichegru, who had escaped from Guyana and had been living in London on a British pension. The plan was to kidnap Bonaparte and send him to the remote Atlantic island of St Helena, replacing him with Louis XVIII. In an attempt to provide moral justification for what was becoming an increasingly personal vendetta, Bonaparte was henceforth referred to by the British government as a 'usurper'. Despite having maintained official relations and signed treaties with the first consul as 'Bonaparte', it now referred to him only as 'Buonaparte', in an effort to demean him through the suggestion of 'foreign' origins. Encouraged by the government, the press went to town, regurgitating all the slanders and gossip about 'Boney' and his family, and building up an image of him as a demonic figure hungry for British blood; the government used the threat of invasion as an excuse to repress dissent at home and wrongfoot the opposition, denouncing it as unpatriotic or even treasonable. The resumption of hostilities was useful to Bonaparte as well. The organisation of the Army of England provided an opportunity for disrupting cliques of the discontented in the army by moving around units and commanders, purging the lukewarm and promoting the loyal. But bringing together so many units had disadvantages, and, unbeknown to Bonaparte, a secret society of _Philadelphes_ was formed by hostile officers. The war also strengthened his hand in the assemblies, so he was able to put through a number of projects without trouble. It also helped to distract public opinion from the debacle of his Caribbean enterprise. In Saint-Domingue the fighting went on in a spiral of unspeakable cruelty, with Leclerc's successor General Rochambeau waging what can best be described as a racial war against the insurgents. On 19 November 1803 he was forced to capitulate and sailed off with his remaining 1,500 troops, but ran into a British naval squadron. He managed to negotiate terms and a return to Europe for his men, but these were not respected, and they were imprisoned until 1811. They were more fortunate than the 800 men left behind in the hospital at Port au Prince under a guarantee of immunity, who were massacred. Pauline had shown remarkable courage and devotion, nursing her husband in his final illness. She had his body embalmed and wrapped like a mummy's, having cut off her hair to cover his face, and the whole sealed in a lead coffin. His heart she enclosed in a gold urn inscribed with the words: 'Paulette Bonaparte, married to General Leclerc on 20 prairial Year V, has enclosed in this urn her love with the heart of her husband, whose dangers and glory she shared'. As they watched hardy grenadiers straining to carry the heavy coffin on its return to France, cynics quipped that it must contain treasure she had amassed in the West Indies. Bonaparte was keen to get her married again before she could start misbehaving, but while many lusted, few had the courage to take her on. He offered her to Melzi, who politely declined. Another Italian, Prince Camillo Borghese, did marry her, at Mortefontaine on 5 November. Bonaparte was not present, as he was on a landing barge off Boulogne watching an engagement with British vessels. But he wrote instructing her to refrain from annoying the Romans by praising the pleasures of Paris and to behave as they did, however tiresome she found their customs, and to show respect for the Pope. He was himself being unfaithful to Josephine with, among others, the actress Mademoiselle Georges, according to whom he was tender and loving, even childlike at times. His philandering always upset Josephine, not least because when engaged on an affair he became irritable, but also because it exposed the inherent insecurity of her position. His siblings acted as little short of pimps, putting nubile women in his path in the hope that one of them might lead to his divorcing her. He protested that he did not want an heir, even going so far as to say that he was not 'a family man', but it was likely that one day he would feel the urge to procreate. On 11 November he wrote from Boulogne in response to Josephine's reproaches, assuring her that his feelings for her had not changed. 'The good, sweet Josephine cannot be effaced from my heart except by Josephine herself, and only by one who had become sad, jealous and tiresome,' he wrote, explaining that in order to bear all his troubles he needed a happy and understanding home life, and assuring her that 'it is my destiny to love you always'. 'My intention is to console you, my desire to please you, my wish to love you.' This had the desired effect. 'All my sorrows have vanished,' she wrote back, saying she was pressing his letter to her heart. 'It does me so much good! I shall keep it always! It will be my consolation in your absence, my guide when I am with you, because I wish to always remain in your eyes the tender Josephine who thinks only of your happiness.' He was less successful when it came to the feelings of potential allies. While Britain was engaged on a diplomatic offensive aimed at forming a new coalition against him, he showed few signs of concern. He ignored Talleyrand's suggestion of a rapprochement with Austria to balance British efforts to engage the support of Russia. At the same time, he mishandled Tsar Alexander. He had sidelined him in the process of reorganising the Holy Roman Empire. He then snubbed him when he attempted to mediate in the stand-off with Britain, and in October 1803 the exasperated tsar recalled his ambassador, leaving only Peter von Oubril as chargé d'affaires in Paris. Relations with every country in Europe were about to be placed under even greater strain. In October 1803 the police arrested a number of royalists, an advance party in a plot to assassinate Bonaparte. Ambushes laid along

to be stashed. "We don't see any tangible evidence of criminality of a systemic nature, but this could be a topic for the future," said the Swiss secretary of state for international finance. Tags: gold, wealth Machado About Nothing. Pun noticed. ADDED: "He can say whatever he wants to say, I don't care. You know, I have my past. Of course, everybody has a past. I'm not a saint girl. But that is not the point now." Tags: puns NYT election buzzword: "subtle." From an op-ed, "Hillary Clinton Will Not Be Manterrupted," by Jessica Bennett: Women are less likely to speak up, and less likely to be heard, in groups that are mostly men... women are less likely to have their own ideas attributed to them.... This is subtle sexism.... Subtle sexism is everywhere in this election, and not just from Mr. Trump. It's in the way we question whether Mrs. Clinton is trustworthy, even though she's been rated by PolitiFact, the Pulitzer Prize-winning fact-checkers, as much more honest than her opponent.... You just have to be more honest than Trump and it's not fair to view you as dishonest? That's just nutty. We should always question whether a politician is trustworthy. At what point is "the way" we question honesty sexist? Subtle sexism is the fact that — while, indeed, Hillary Clinton has made mistakes — we judge mistakes more harshly in women, and remember those mistakes longer. It's that she must strike a near-impossible balance between niceness and authority — a glimmer of weakness, and she doesn't have the "stamina"; but too much harshness and she's "cold," "aloof," "robotic," scolded by a man who is all but frothing at the mouth for not having the right "temperament."... From a news analysis piece, "The Subtle Phrases Hillary Clinton Uses to Sway Black Voters," by Farah Stockman: When Hillary Clinton talked about race during her debate Monday night against Donald J. Trump, she delivered a subtle and powerful message to black voters, speaking to them not only in the substance of what she said, but in her carefully chosen language.... The "subtle phrases" are, we're told, "systemic racism" — she said "We've got to address the systemic racism in our criminal justice system" — and "implicit bias" — she said "I think implicit bias is a problem for everyone, not just police." What makes these stock phrases subtle? I think they're only subtle if they are subliminal — if they bypass your defenses. But these phrases are dropped in conspicuously, precisely to bonk people who like those terms over the head with the fact that she said them. Why wouldn't you be suspicious? Why wouldn't you think: Great, you said the words. I get it. You need my vote. But what will you actually do for me? Some analysis by Amy Chozick, "Hillary Clinton, at Ease Onstage, Seems Utterly Herself": When Mr. Trump interrupted her, she showed flashes of the steely calm she displayed during more than eight hours of testimony to a Republican-led House panel. As Mr. Trump spoke, she perched a leg in a subtle curtsy and calmly looked on. When it was her turn, she needled Mr. Trump by calling him "Donald." Even her leg is subtle! Tags: Amy Chozick, gender politics, Hillary 2016, racial politics Goodbye to Mr. Tucker. My high school English teacher. Unforgettable classes. If only I could say my lines from Marbury v. Madison the way he could do "Moby Dick." Tags: education, Moby Dick, Young Althouse "Not looking so great anymore, Ann." Email sent last night from the Democratic Party. I thought they were the ones who weren't disparaging women's looks. Oh, they're the ones who are not looking so great anymore: Ann, up until this point, September has been a great month of fundraising for Democrats thanks to grassroots supporters like you. When we hit our mid-month goal, it seemed like Donald Trump and the GOP wouldn't be able to catch us by the end of the month -- but I have to tell you I'm starting to get a little worried. Donald Trump's grassroots donations are steadily climbing each month. He's getting record-breaking numbers of small-dollar donations -- something that's not typical of a lot of Republican campaigns we've been up against..... I'm told to "pitch in $3 now" as a way of saying "hell no" to the question whether I want to the Democrats look bad because they got "outraised by Donald Trump and the GOP." I never give any politicians money, by the way, but I do read the email, because I like to see how the different characters try to scare up money. This one is interesting not just because they played on a woman's fear that she's losing her looks — but thanks for appreciating how I used to look — but also because it calls attention to Trump's success getting a high volume of small donations. That reminded me of this article in the NYT, which also highlights how the 2 parties have switched positions: "Democrats Rake In Money, Thanks to Suit by Republicans": Democrats denounced [McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission] as an assault on democracy and a sop to billionaires when the Supreme Court issued a ruling two years ago that loosened limits on campaign giving. But Hillary Clinton and Democratic Party leaders are now exploiting the decision, funneling tens of millions of dollars from their wealthiest donors into a handful of presidential swing states.... Just 250 donors have accounted for about $44 million in contributions to the Hillary Victory Fund during the last year.... At the very end of the article: "By contrast, the money raised by Mr. Trump and the Republicans, while robust, has been driven chiefly by small checks from his grass-roots supporters." Imagine how the NYT would phrase the story if it were Trump taking advantage of McCutcheon — tapping the wealthy — and Hillary reaping huge numbers of small donations from ordinary people. Tags: campaign finance, Donald Trump, emotional politics, gender politics, Hillary 2016, law, looks, McCutcheon "Did Crooked Hillary help disgusting (check out sex tape and past) Alicia M become a U.S. citizen so she could use her in the debate?" "Using Alicia M in the debate as a paragon of virtue just shows that Crooked Hillary suffers from BAD JUDGEMENT! Hillary was set up by a con." "Wow, Crooked Hillary was duped and used by my worst Miss U. Hillary floated her as an 'angel' without checking her past, which is terrible!" Things tweeted by Trump first thing in the morning. Via the L.A. Times: "Trump continues attacks on former Miss Universe with middle-of-the-night tweets." Is 5 a.m. for Trump the middle of the night? As someone who often blogs at 5 a.m., I can tell you that's not the middle of the night. That's morning for a person who gets up early, and I'm perfectly sharp and lucid, much more so than at 9 or 10 at night. I don't know about Trump. Some people think he's never right in the head. Tags: beauty pageants, Donald Trump, gender politics How the New York Times portrays Hillary's failing in Ohio. Headline: "Ohio, Long a Bellwether, Is Fading on the Electoral Map." Text: After decades as one of America's most reliable political bellwethers, an inevitable presidential battleground that closely mirrored the mood and makeup of the country, Ohio is suddenly fading in importance this year. What a crazy flip! It's Ohio that's losing — Ohio that's "fading." If Ohio wants to be important, it will need to put Hillary Clinton in a competitive position. It is a jarring change for political veterans here, who relish being at the center of the country's presidential races: Because of newer battleground states, Mrs. Clinton can amass the 270 electoral votes required to win even if she loses Ohio. Well, it is true that the states that lean too far toward one party end up getting

impactful, moving, and persuasive lecture collaborative conversations across the color line. Given Du Bois's stature as a national and international scholar and intellectual leader, Franklin, Heist, and Campbell perhaps expected him to dispense wisdom from travel and study. Nevertheless, the historical record documents an interactive soundscape that emanated from Du Bois's presence, his words, and the listening audience. Ethel Ray Nance, a black educator and activist from Minnesota, first met Du Bois during the Harlem Renaissance. After she moved to Seattle in the 1940s, Nance helped to organize his west coast lecture tours and assisted with his United Nations work in 1945. Nance also assembled a memoir of her work with Du Bois, titled "A Man Most Himself." Her reflections provide a unique personal perspective on Du Bois. She recalled meeting him at a reception held in his honor after a lecture in Minneapolis in the early 1920s. She described the larger soundscape of Du Bois's lecture, especially how listeners responded to him. "The audience gave him complete attention," she wrote, "they seemed to want him to go on and on. You could feel a certain strength being transmitted from speaker to listeners." Also in Minnesota, around the same time a young black college student named Anna Arnold Hedgeman heard Du Bois lecture at Hamline University. As she listened to a lecture on Pan-Africanism with "rapt attention," Hedgeman wrote in her 1964 memoir The Trumpet Sounds, she noticed that Du Bois wore "a full dress suit as though he had been born in it" and commented that "his command of the English language was superb." Hedgeman located her inspiration for a career in education and activism to hearing Du Bois speak. "This slim, elegant, thoughtful brown man had sent me scurrying to the library and I discovered his Souls of Black Folk," she said. W.E.B. Du Bois on a country road in his own car, 1925, Courtesy of the Massachusetts Digital Commonwealth, physical image located in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries Broadly speaking, the listener responses mentioned above capture dimensions of Du Bois's public reception at arguably the mid-life pinnacle of his career. He was in his 50s during the 1920s, an established scholar, author, and black leader. Yet due to shifting national and international conditions related to capital, labor, and civil rights during the Great Depression and World War II, his politics moved further left. He settled more concretely on socialist solutions to capitalism's failures. This position became increasingly unpopular as the Cold War dawned. People still listened to Du Bois, but with far more critical and dismissive dispositions. Page from W.E.B. Du Bois's voluminous FBI file Peering further into the historical record, part of Du Bois's verbal archive and audible history resides in his FBI file. Concerned about his leftist political leanings, the Bureau had surveilled Du Bois starting in the 1940s by reading his publications, and dispatching agents or informants to attend his lectures and speeches. As the Cold War commenced, scrutiny increased. Redacted reports communicated his movements throughout the world in 1960, including a speech at the Russian Embassy in Washington, D. C. when he received the Lenin Peace Prize, and an address he gave in Ghana at a dinner celebrating that nation's recent independence in 1957. The FBI file states that he received "an ovation as he rose to make a statement" about world peace and a more equitable distribution of resources. Similarly, the report from Ghana relayed that in his address he outlined two divergent world systems, "the socialism of Karl Marx leading to communism, and private capitalism as developed by North America and Western Europe." The bureaucratic construction of FBI reports reveals less about the audibility of Du Bois's voice. However, unlike the listener reports presented above, the technical nature of bureaucratic communications offer a great deal more about the content of his speeches and thus documents another sense in which people—presumably FBI agents or informants—heard or listened to Du Bois as part of their sonic surveillance. Du Bois's audible history invests new meaning into his work as a scholar and public intellectual. Through John Hope Franklin, Shirley Graham Du Bois, and Anna Arnold Hedgeman we "see" Du Bois lecturing and speaking, in effect the public presence of a scholar we tend to know more readily through the printed words of his publications. With Thomas Campbell and Ethel Ray Nance—and from a different vantage point his FBI files—we "feel" the power of Du Bois's words and the affective experience of his verbal constructions. Whether found in historical documents or narrated through vivid descriptions of the "clipped" aspects of his voice's literal sound, investigating Du Bois's audible history innovatively humanizes a towering scholar mostly readily known through his published words. Attending to the audible and archival records of his life and times, we not only encounter the sonic dimensions of his literal voice, we observe how ordinary people listened to him and responded to his ideas. Some embraced his perspectives while others, especially during the Cold War, denounced his socialist vision of the world. Yet this is where the redactions in the FBI files ironically speak loudest: Du Bois's ideas persisted, and survived. Scholars and activists amplified his words and retooled his ideas in service of black liberation, social justice, and economic equality. W.E.B. Du Bois receiving honorary degree on his 95th birthday, University of Ghana, Accra, 1963, February 23, 1963,Courtesy of the Massachusetts Digital Commonwealth, physical image located in Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries By literally listening to and sitting with an audible Du Bois today there's an opportunity to mobilize affect into action, a version of what Casey Boyle, James J. Brown, Jr. and Steph Ceraso call "transduction." Du Bois's voice digitized delivers rhetoric within yet beyond the computer screen. It (re)enters the world in a contemporary soundscape. Hearing his voice produces affect and thought; and thought provokes action or inspires creativity. Such a "mediation of meaning" shows that contemporary listeners inhabit a soundscape with Du Bois. Whether a scholar listens to Du Bois in an archive, students and teachers engage his voice in the classroom, or anyone privately at home leisurely tunes into his speeches, time, space, and place collectively determine how wide and expansive the Du Bois soundscape is. Advancements in communication, digital and sonic technologies mean that across whatever modality his voice moves there's a sense in which Du Bois remains an itinerant intellectual. Phillip Luke Sinitiere is a W. E. B. Du Bois Visiting Scholar at the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 2018-19. He is also Professor of History at the College of Biblical Studies, a predominately African American school located in Houston's Mahatma Gandhi District. A scholar of American religious history and African American Studies, his books include Christians and the Color Line: Race and Religion after Divided by Faith (Oxford University Press, 2013); Protest and Propaganda: W. E. B. Du Bois, The Crisis, and American History (University of Missouri Press, 2014) and Salvation with a Smile: Joel Osteen, Lakewood Church, and American Christianity (New York University Press, 2015). Currently, he is at work on projects about W. E. B. Du Bois's political and intellectual history, as well as a biography of twentieth-century writer James Baldwin. In 2019, Northwestern University Press will publish his next book, Citizen of the World: The Late Career and Legacy of W. E. B. Du Bois. Black Mourning, Black Movement(s): Savion Glover's Dance for Amiri Baraka –Kristin Moriah Saving Sound, Sounding Black, Voicing America: John Lomax and the Creation of the "American Voice"–Toniesha Taylor The Sounds of Anti-Anti-Essentialism: Listening to Black Consciousness in the Classroom–Carter Mathes "I Love to Praise His Name": Shouting as Feminine Disruption, Public Ecstasy, and Audio-Visual Pleasure–Shakira Holt by ginaarnold in Archival, Book Review, SO! Reads,

album Awake 2009 and am getting the new one that is coming out in April or March. Their simply the best. Tell me how many bands has 10-15 great songs as skillet. Awake and alive. Monster. Hero. Falling inside the black. Whispers in the dark. Yours to hold. Lucy. Dead inside. Comatose. The older I get. The last night. Live free or let me die. Rebirthing. Never surrender. Its not me its you. The list never ends. Simply greatt Skillet while not metal is one of the most influential christian bands on the rock and metal scene, they aspire to create good music for everyone (christian or not) to enjoy and then to speak Christ through that music to those who will hear. 11 Stryper Stryper is an American Christian metal band from Orange County, California. The group's lineup consists of Michael Sweet, Oz Fox, Perry Richardson, and Robert Sweet. No band is more technical or progressive than stryper. I am a fan of all metal, not just christian, and these guys have blown me away since the 80's with their incredible guitar work and unbelievable vocals. Over the years they have only gotten better; the album "murder by pride" is on my top ten lists of greatest albums of all time of any music style, nudging out their previous album "reborn". Hey Stryper, thanks for SPECTACULAR music, keep rocking, I will keep listening. The first Christian Metal band to really make it big. Without Stryper, there probably would not be anywhere near as many Christian metal bands as there are and they would not get the attention that they do. They are the best and should be number one. no one can sing like Michael Sweet and Oz Fox is amazing on guitar. Robert Sweet has to be the best drummer in the world and Timothy Gaines is the best bass guitar player I've ever heard. I accepted the Lord as my Savior when I was 10 years old. I have been a die-hard Stryper fan since 1985. I found that Stryper music allowed me to express myself as a Christian to my head banging friends. 12 Mortification Mortification is an Australian Christian extreme metal band which was formed in 1987 as a heavy metal group, Lightforce, by mainstay Steve Rowe on bass guitar and vocals. There was no Death Metal/Thrash prior to Mortification. They are to Christian Death Metal as Black Sabbath is to Metal. They invented the genre. Their music is very sub par in recent years, but the first three Mortification albums are fantastic death metal. Death metal from Australia that is recognized as excellent even in the secular Death Metal scene. 13 Theocracy Theocracy is a Christian progressive power metal band founded in 2002 by Matt Smith of Athens, Georgia. I will state right up front that I can't get into metalcore because of the singing be it screamo or the deep growl singing (although certain 'growlers don't bother me I.e. Demon Hunter and Death Therapy). So that eliminates lots of these bands for me. Theocracy is a Power Metal bands with some speed metal thrown in at times. The lyrics are great but I am bummed about the drummer leaving (Shawn Benson). Check out his drumming on the Mirror of Souls or As the World Bleeds CDs. He is excellent. A band comprised of very talented men especially the vocalist, Matt Smith. Some of their best works are: I Am, As The World Bleeds, Mirror of Souls and Easter This band is amazing, some songs have brought tears to my eyes. All their songs are amazing (Their first album, Theocracy, not so much but it is understandable considering the fact that Smith did it all on his own which is absolutely incredible if you think about it). Some of my favourites are: (The best works I typed above), 30 Pieces of Silver, The Wonder of It All, Laying the Demon to Rest, Wishing Well, The Gift Of Music, Around the World and Back, and... Well basically every song they have made lol. If you can't tell, I'm a big fan Best band period in my opinion. No Christian metal band comes anywhere close to the depth of the Lyrics from Theocracy. Just listen to Mirror of Souls, I Am, or Absolution Day. Their lyrics are like poetic sermons that cut right to the heart. They don't shy away from tough subjects or talking about real battles Christians face. They're provoking, encouraging, uplifting, and they challenge me to be a better Christian. If you have never heard Theocracy, listen to them now. If you like DragonForce, you'll like Theocracy. They sound almost just alike, and this band is Christian. Strong faith, all their songs are powerfully written. Listen to "Wages of Sin" "Light of The World" "Laying the Demon To Rest" and "Mirror of Souls" (if you have time) they aren't a super intense death metal band. They are just pure awesome. 14 Impending Doom Impending Doom is an American Christian deathcore band from Riverside, California. The group has released five full-length studio albums and are currently a five piece with vocalist Brook Reeves as one of the two original remaining members along with Manny Contreras who left the band in 2010 but returned ...read more. I dunno why this band is at least in the top 5. Seriously, what is this? Impending Doom is one of the best Christian metal bands out their! Like really, I think this band should be in at least the top five. The way they can combine death metal, and the Christian culture is just magnificent. I really respect this band, and think they are great Are you kidding me?! Impending Doom has to be the best death metal Christian band I had ever heard. These guys deserve to be #1 on the list. 2 things you need to do while listening to this band, pray to God and head bang the crap out of yourself. These guys are incredible! We've seen them dozens of times since their beginning and they walk the talk. Great men of God! Greetings from Poland. This band is awesome. I like the power in their music. Style is fantastic. 15 Thousand Foot Krutch Thousand Foot Krutch is a Canadian Christian rock band formed in 1995. They have released eight albums. They have also released two live albums and three remix albums. I LOVE TFK! They're not a metal band so much as they are a hard rock/alternative rock band, but if that genre has a list, they should be at the top. AMAZING BAND! Awesome band! One of the best in my opinion, they have so many albums and I've listened to them all so many times. TFK is less hard than august burns red or demon hunter, but it still deserves to be in the top ten. they are harder than skillet, and skillet is up there. not cool people. I love them and you can understand what they are saying and it's all about GOD. 16 Oh, Sleeper Oh, Sleeper is an American Christian metalcore band from Fort Worth, Texas. Previously signed to Solid State Records they are currently operating independently. Oh sleeper destroys! Means to believe is so powerful! Wayy better than The Devil Wears Prada with their nonstop auto tune clean vocals ABR and Oh, Sleeper are the top too in my opinion and where is For Today they should replace skillet in this list and The Color Morale should replace Demon Hunter This band is one of the best Christian bands I've listened to. The lyrics are awesome and Micah's screaming is very clear yet aggressive as Shane's clean vocals will blow you away. Sick band! I'm a fan of both Oh Sleeper and The Devil Wears Prada and I have to say Oh Sleeper's music is way better

Les musées de Bâle sont un ensemble de musées regroupés dans la ville de Bâle et sa proche région. Ils couvrent une vaste palette de collections principalement consacrées aux beaux-arts. Les collections abritent de nombreuses œuvres d'importance internationale. Avec au moins trois douzaines d'établissements, collections culturelles des villages périphériques non incluses, la densité de musées est particulièrement élevée comparée à celle de régions urbaines de taille similaire. Quelque un million et demi de visiteurs affluent chaque année. Les musées, qui constituent un pilier fondamental de l'identité et de la politique culturelles bâloise, reposent sur une activité de collecte à la fois privée et étatique depuis le et une politique de promotion de la culture. Les musées nationaux du canton de Bâle-Ville ont vu le jour en 1661, date à laquelle la ville et l'université de Bâle rachètent le cabinet privé Amerbach. Ils constituent donc la plus ancienne collection permanente d'une collectivité publique et civile. Depuis les années 1980, plusieurs collections ont été rendues accessibles dans des nouveaux musées dont l'architecture avant-gardiste a fait leur notoriété. Le paysage muséal Les collections des musées de Bâle se concentrent essentiellement sur les beaux-arts – peinture, dessin et sculptures plastiques. Plus d'une douzaine de musées couvrent un spectre allant de l'Antiquité à l'art contemporain, présentant aussi bien des œuvres historiques et reconnues que les pionniers de l'art moderne. Ce sont notamment ces derniers qui sont présentés depuis deux décennies dans les nouveaux musées. Les artistes locaux et régionaux sont également présents, toutefois les grands musées préfèrent opter pour une orientation et un rayonnement internationaux, sachant néanmoins que, contrairement à de nombreux musées d'Europe centrale, ils bénéficient d'une longue tradition de collecte épargnée par les guerres du et des liens solides que Bâle entretient traditionnellement avec le marché des collectionneurs et des marchands d'art – par exemple grâce à Art Basel. De nombreux musées s'intéressent de près aux thèmes ayant trait à l'ethnologie et l'histoire des cultures, mais aussi aux technologies et aux sciences naturelles. Traditionnellement, les musées poursuivent leur mission scientifique de collecteurs, conservateurs et exposants. Mais ils s'impliquent également dans la recherche et la formation ou considèrent du moins que cela représente une facette de leur travail. Comme partout, l'image traditionnelle du musée a disparu depuis les années 1960. Outre les nouvelles formes de contacts avec le public (pédagogie et didactique au musée), des formes institutionnelles mixtes sont également apparues pour jouer un rôle actif en politique sociale, l'exploitation du musée étant considérée comme une facette parmi d'autres dans le fonctionnement global d'une entreprise culturelle, même si elle en est l'une des principales. La situation frontalière de la ville dans le district des trois frontières et la superficie restreinte de la région de Bâle implique tout naturellement que si la plupart des musées bâlois se trouvent dans la ville de Bâle, donc dans le canton de Bâle-Ville, certains sont néanmoins situés dans le canton de Bâle-Campagne. On peut également inclure dans la liste des musées bâlois ceux de l'agglomération bâloise, c'est-à-dire ceux des villes voisines Lörrach, Saint-Louis et Weil am Rhein, qui, comme dans le cas du Vitra Design Museum de Weil, font partie de la Nuit des Musées organisée chaque année à Bâle. La situation particulière de cette région où se jouxtent unités administratives communales, régionales et cantonales, ainsi qu'une agglomération fragmentée rend impossible le chiffrage exact des musées bâlois, sachant néanmoins qu'à l'intérieur d'un périmètre restreint, les collections d'au moins trois douzaines d'établissements sont accessibles au public. Depuis 1999, les musées de Bâle font partie du « Pass Musées du Rhin supérieur », passeport culturel trinational (Allemagne/France/Suisse) dépassant largement les frontières de la région et valable de Strasbourg à Mannheim. Avec l'influence croissante de l'esthétique dans notre cadre de vie depuis les années 1980, le musée accorde une attention particulière à son architecture. Le langage formel postmoderne et déconstructiviste s'est taillé une place de choix dans l'architecture des bâtiments d'exposition. À Bâle et dans ses environs, des architectes reconnus au niveau national et international (Renzo Piano, Zaha Hadid, Frank Gehry, Wilfried et Katharina Steib, Herzog & de Meuron, Mario Botta) ont rénové, construit et agrandi des bâtiments dont l'architecture jouit d'une réputation avant-gardiste. À côté de cela, le patrimoine bâti de certains musées est ancien, voire très ancien, car il s'agit de bâtiments d'habitation ou commerciaux, de monastères ou d'églises transformés en locaux d'exposition. Touristiquement parlant, les musées jouent à Bâle un rôle essentiel et sont par conséquent un facteur économique important. Certains musées bâlois sont des établissements publics. Néanmoins, la plupart fonctionnent sous le régime du droit privé et sont généralement administrés par des fondations. Outre la forte densité de musées, en comparaison à d'autres villes et bassins urbains de taille similaire, ces collections privées ont largement contribué à améliorer la qualité des musées. Dans leur quasi-totalité, ces collections privées ont vu le jour après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Les musées publics quant à eux ont une histoire plus ancienne. Les collections des cinq musées nationaux du canton de Bâle-Ville ont même évolué sur plusieurs siècles. Évolution des musées Les musées de la ville Collections anciennes L'apparition de la première collection publique est étroitement liée à l'université de Bâle et aux cabinets de livres, d'art et d'histoire naturelle du début de l'époque moderne. Il existait plusieurs de ces cabinets à Bâle. Notamment celui des Amerbach, une famille d'imprimeurs qui a collectionné au un nombre très important de livres, tableaux, pièces d'orfèvrerie, pièces de monnaie et objets d'histoire naturelle. En 1661, le cabinet Amerbach menaçait de disparaître à la suite d'une proposition d'achat venue d'Amsterdam, centre européen du commerce d'objets de collection à l'époque. Interpellées par le maire Johann Rudolf Wettstein, la ville et l'université décident de racheter la collection afin de la conserver à Bâle. Exposée dès 1671 dans la maison Haus zur Mücke sur la Münsterplatz, la collection n'était pas à proprement parler un musée mais servait principalement de bibliothèque universitaire, seules quelques salles au premier étage étaient réservées aux objets d'art et d'histoire naturelle. Deux bibliothécaires étaient chargés de gérer l'ensemble de la collection. Dans le sillage du mouvement éducatif propre au siècle des Lumières, la collection de livres et d'objets augmente considérablement dès la seconde partie du . De nombreuses antiquités, pièces de monnaie, fossiles et objets d'histoire naturelle sont achetés, donnés ou légués par des collectionneurs privés, venant ainsi enrichir la collection de la maison Haus zur Mücke. L'une des plus importantes acquisitions est celle du Musée Faesch (Museum Faesch) en 1823, une collection bâloise du . La première collection entièrement ethnologique est celle du « Cabinet mexicain », rassemblée entre 1828 et 1837 par le marchand Lukas Vischer au cours de ses voyages en Amérique latine. En 1821 on retire les objets d'histoire naturelle de la collection de la maison Haus zur Mücke pour créer un musée d'histoire naturelle indépendant à la « Falkensteiner Hof », située aussi sur la Münsterplatz. Ce musée comprenait également les cabinets des appareils de l'institut de physique et de chimie. Le véritable centre artistique de la ville était l'hôtel de ville de Bâle. L'entretien de ses riches ornementations était une tâche permanente de la ville depuis le , de nombreux artistes y ont œuvré. Dès le , il aurait existé un « coin de musée » dans l'arsenal de la ville qui servait communément de dépôt pour les armes militaires devenues obsolètes. Si la plupart ont été détruites, un certain nombre d'entre elles a pu être préservé pour la simple raison que les gardiens de l'arsenal conservaient les armes militaires du Moyen Âge ou de la fin du Moyen Âge pour leur valeur sentimentale. On pense en premier lieu aux trophées, véritables ou supposés, constitués par les butins pris aux bourguignons en 1476, qui, revenus à Bâle, furent montrés aux

to conditions established by the Minister.92 Early litigation93 in Nova Scotia, predating the Supreme Court decision in Mahé, drew attention to deficiencies in provincial legislation which the current Education Act seeks to remedy. Among other things, the early litigation raised issues concerning the manner in which sufficient numbers should be determined, the circumstances which would justify the provision of separate physical facilities for the delivery of French-language education, and the involvement of parents of eligible children in the management of French-language education and of school facilities. The fact that school boards at the time enjoyed wide statutory discretion in disposing of requests from Francophone parents that instruction in French, as well as necessary school facilities, be made available, constituted a considerable barrier to improving access to education in the minority language. Focussing on the concerns of the majority population, school boards often lacked sensitivity to the needs and aspirations of members of the Francophone minority. This fact alone could not help but influence decisions about the numbers of children necessary to justify a given level of educational services in French, the manner in which numbers were calculated, and the weight to be given to financial considerations in dealing with requests for the provision of French-language instruction.94 Decisions rendered as a result of this early litigation, both at trial and on appeal, failed to provide a completely satisfactory response to the concerns of Francophones in the province (and ultimately fell short of the principles enunciated by the Supreme Court of Canada). Nevertheless, observations made by the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal provided useful guidance regarding the interpretation to be given various components of Section 23. On the issue of the nature of French-language instruction, for example, the Court of Appeal determined that where numbers warrant the province: ...must provide suitable accommodation for the minority language instruction these children are entitled to receive. It must be made available in a surrounding that is "consistent with the preservation and enhancement" of the French culture (s. 27). It cannot be designed in a way that permits assimilation or smacks of immersion. The instruction must be provide in a suitably structured environment.95 Numbers necessary to warrant the provision of instruction in French were, of course, considered less than those necessary to warrant the provision of a "separate and free-standing educational facility". Moreover, the Court of Appeal took the view that any possibility of a role in management for parents of eligible children was dependent on the numbers being sufficient to justify a separate educational facility. This threshold level was never determined, but appeared to be set considerably higher than that applicable to the provision of French-language instruction. On the crucial issue of the overall adequacy of provincial legislation at the time, the Court of Appeal found no inconsistency with Section 23 of the Charter. As already mentioned, subsequent decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada would place in question various parts of the interpretive framework arising from this early litigation. The issue of bilingual or mixed schools, mentioned in the background section above, continues to be a source of concern to many Francophones in the province. It appears that some schools subject to the jurisdiction of the Conseil scolaire acadien provincial still provide programs where the language of instruction is both English and French. The ratio of English- to French-language instruction may of course vary from school to school, but the net effect is the continuation of bilingual educational environments. Moreover, students attending some of these bilingual schools are drawn from both the English- and French-speaking communities. While this situation reflects the wishes of some Acadians in the province, it does not respond to the legitimate expectations of others that access to distinct educational facilities be made available where the language of instruction is exclusively French. In maintaining bilingual schools and programs, the Conseil scolaire acadien provincial believes it is fulfilling its responsibilities to deliver French-first-language programs, as provided for under the Education Act. Nevertheless, the right to distinct minority language educational facilities is a constitutional right which cannot be ignored. Where numbers warrant, parents of eligible children who desire homogeneous French-language programs and schools must be accommodated. While people cannot be obliged to exercise their rights under Section 23 of the Charter, they cannot by virtue of their own choices detract from the constitutional guarantees of others. The division within the minority language community over the appropriateness of bilingual schools serves to underscore the difficulties which a minority language school board may encounter in exercising its administrative and managerial powers over schools subject to its jurisdiction. When those powers are exercised in a way which fails to respond to the legitimate expectations of parents who enjoy rights under Section 23 of the Charter, there is every likelihood that legal action will be commenced to enforce those rights. This would appear to be the case in Nova Scotia at the present moment. A broadly based group known as La Fédération des parents acadiens de la Nouvelle-Écosse has served notice of its intention to seek legal redress if steps are not taken to ensure the integrity and establishment of homogeneous French-first-language programs in five districts of the province (Clare, Argyle, Chéticamp, Île Madame and Greenwood).96 Within the districts in question, instruction in French is given in mixed or bilingual school environments. Eligible parents under Section 23 of the Charter have for some time requested that students enrolled in bilingual programs not be housed or accommodated in the same facilities as those enrolled in programs offering instruction exclusively in French. They claim, given the number of pupils involved, that they have a right to have their children educated in programs and schools where French is the exclusive language of instruction. They take the position that such programs and schools are vital to the preservation and enhancement of the French language in their communities, one of the underlying purposes of Section 23 of the Charter. Changes to the New Brunswick school system in 1981 sought to resolve serious problems associated with the operation of what were then known as "bilingual schools". At the time, various school boards in the province provided schools where both English- and French-speaking students were enrolled, the curriculum being taught in both official languages. Extensive studies of the impact and results of an education provided partly in English and partly in French showed alarming rates of assimilation of the linguistic minority and a general impoverishment of the language abilities of students.97 Given the unsatisfactory results of such schooling, amendments were made to the Schools Act which officially organized school districts on the basis of language and provided for two separate and distinct systems of schools.98 The manifest aim of these amendments was to abolish bilingual schools in favour of homogeneous English-speaking and French-speaking schools and teaching environments. Given demographic realities, the amendments envisaged the creation of minority language school boards (English or French) which would manage minority language schools located within districts organized on the basis of the majority language. In addition, except for second-language training, school boards were generally prohibited from offering programs in the other official language.99 This was clearly motivated by concerns about the high rates of assimilation of French-speaking children who had received their education in bilingual schools. These 1981 statutory amendments complemented two other legislative provisions of importance to official languages in New Brunswick. First, Section 12 of the Official Languages of New Brunswick Act guaranteed, as early as 1977, that public education would be provided to pupils in their own official language.100 Several years later, the Legislature of New Brunswick adopted an Act which recognized the equality of the province's two official language communities.101 This latter Act committed the government of the province to ensuring the "protection of the

in the Romanesque style and contains breathtaking paintings that portray many scenes of Our Lady's life; La Iglesia de San Martin, a church devoted to St. Martin de Porres, who is the patron saint of mixed-race people and all those seeking interracial harmony. Visit the inside of the two joint Salamanca Cathedrals (old and new), one of which is a Romanesque style and the other a Gothic style. Following this eventful day, you will return to your hotel for a delicious meal with your group and an overnight at your hotel in Salamanca. Day 6, Wednesday, June 9: Salamanca - Alba de Tormes - Avila - Burgos This morning, after breakfast, you will board the bus and enjoy a short transfer to the village of Alba de Tormes. This town is home to the Carmelite Monastery that Saint Teresa founded in 1571. Upon arrival in Alba de Tormes, your group will celebrate Mass at this Monastery where the saint died and was buried. Following Mass, you will have the opportunity to visit the museum dedicated to St. Teresa of Avila, which also holds her incorrupt heart and left arm. Your group will enjoy free time for lunch on your own, before continuing to the medieval city of Avila. Upon arrival in Avila, you will immediately notice the perfectly preserved eleventh-century walls that surround the old town. The conservation of architecture in this city, to which St. Teresa was born, deems its shrines, convents and churches necessary to visit on any Catholic pilgrimage. The Cathedral de Avila encompasses the Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance styles of its time, within its artwork and architecture. La Basilica de San Vicente in Avila, stands on the site of the martyrdom of St. Vincent. Visit the Incarnation Convent, where St. Teresa became a nun. Saint Therese convinced Saint John of the Cross to reform the male Carmelite order, the reform she started when she met Saint John in Medina del Campo. After walking in the footsteps of St. Teresa, continue your journey to Burgos. Upon arrival in the historic capital of Old Castile, enjoy dinner. Following dinner, you will have the opportunity to explore the city of Burgos, and admire its magnificent limestone, gothic-style Cathedral. Late this evening, you will return to your hotel for a restful overnight. Day 7, Thursday, June 10: Burgos - Loyola - Lourdes Following breakfast, transfer from Burgos to Loyola to visit the birthplace of St. Ignatius, founder of the Jesuit Order. St. Ignatius dedicated himself to becoming a soldier of the Christian faith, and as a result of many tribulations, he wrote the ever-famous Spiritual Exercises. In Loyola, you will see the 17th century Basilica that is dedicated to this remarkable Saint. The Basilica is part of a series of buildings that surrounds the "Holy House," the birthplace of St. Ignatius. When you visit these Holy places, you will also have the opportunity to pray at the most venerated room, where St. Ignatius prayed and began his conversion. After meditating on the life of this founder of the Jesuit Order, you will enjoy free time for lunch and board the bus for the next destination. We will continue to Lourdes with a spectacular view of the Pyrenees Mountains. Upon arrival in Lourdes, you will check-in to your hotel and enjoy a splendid dinner and peaceful overnight. Day 8 & 9, Friday & Saturday, June 11 and June 12: Lourdes Over the next two days, you will wake up in a small town that is nestled within the Pyrenees Mountains. During your time in Lourdes, you will pray and meditate in yet another site of Our Lady's apparitions. Our Lady first appeared to Bernadette in 1858, and announced herself as "The Immaculate Conception", near the Grotto of Massabielle. During the first two apparitions, little Bernadette prayed the Rosary with Our Lady and left without any exchange of words. During the following apparitions, Our Lady emphasized God's love for us, penance and the necessity of performing acts of penance for sinners. Throughout your time in Lourdes, you will have the opportunity to attend Mass at the Grotto, where Our Lady appeared to Bernadette; watch a video presentation that explains, in detail, the story of Lourdes; drink water from the miraculous spring that has healed many; and submerge yourself in the healing baths. Additionally, you will have the opportunity to experience Christ's unconditional love, as you meditate upon the "life size" Stations of the Cross that overlook the Grotto of Massabielle. Also, while in Lourdes, you will walk in and meditate upon the footsteps of St. Bernadette. Your group will have the opportunity to see Boly Mill, the birthplace of St. Bernadette, and the "Cachot," an abandoned prison where Bernadette's impoverished family lived. Each evening following dinner, you will have an opportunity to attend the candlelight procession and the Rosary before a restful overnight. Day 10, Sunday June 13: Return Flights Home *Or Continue on the Paris Optional Post Tour Visiting: Lisieux, Chartres, Normandy Beaches & Paris After an early breakfast and heartfelt farewells, your group will leave by motor coach and transfer to the Toulouse, Pau or Lourdes airport for return flights home. Want to extend your trip? DATES & PRICES Private Room - $683 Single Supplement / Private Room $683.00 (USD) Paris Optional Post Tour: Lisieux, Chartres, Normandy & Paris June 13 - 17, 2021 | $1,195 Per Person Centrally located Hotel: (or similar) ~ 2 ni: Jun 13 - 15: Grand Hotel de l'Esperance, Lisieux ~ 2 ni: Jun 15 - 17: Pullman Paris Bercy Centre, Paris Wine with dinners Air-conditioned motor coach Christian guide throughout Sightseeing and admissions fees Catholic Priest for Spiritual Direction Day 10, Sunday, June 13: Lourdes - Paris - Lisieux (St. Therese - The Little Flower) Today, you will enjoy breakfast before departing for Pau or Lourdes airport for your short flight to Paris. Upon arrival in Paris, visit and attend Mass at the magnificent, Sacre Coeur Basilica that stands atop Montmartre Hill. The Basilica, dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, was originally built in 1914 as an act of penance for the infidelity that France was experiencing during that time. While on your visit, in addition to the extraordinary artwork and architecture that forms the Basilica, you will see the beautiful mosaic of the Risen Christ, and the remarkable Grand Organ. Celebrate Mass at the Crypt that contains the Tombs of many notable Cardinals. Time permitting, you may have the opportunity during your free time to ascend a staircase to the Dome where you may take in a breathtaking panoramic view of the city of Paris. Following this visit, you will enjoy lunch on own and depart for Lisieux. According to Pope Pius X, St. Therese of Lisieux was the "greatest saint of modern times." Her extraordinary love for God and service to humanity will come alive, as you walk in the great Saint's footsteps. During your visit, you will see the beautiful Basilica of St. Therese, and the magnificent mosaics and stained glass that are contained within. Dinner and an overnight at your hotel in Lisieux. Day 11, Monday, June 14: Lisieux - Landing Beaches - American Cemetery Upon waking up in Lisieux and enjoying breakfast, you will pray and reflect upon the life of the beloved Saint and celebrate Mass. After Mass and following the visit to the Basilica, you will have the opportunity to view relics, clothing and personal objects of St. Therese, when you visit her family home, Les Buissonets. Additionally, you will tour the Carmelite Convent, where she entered in 1888, and is currently entombed with her parent. This afternoon, transfer to Normandy Landing beaches. The Normandy landings were the landing operations on Tuesday, June 6, 1944 (termed D-Day) of the Allies' invasion of Normandy during World War II. The largest seaborne invasion in history, the

factorial trial, where treatments 1 and 2 have hazard ratios a and h, respectively, compared with placebo, and 1 k is the event rate on the double placebo arm on which the sample size is based, the inflation factor can be shown to be 2 ð2 p pa Þ : 4 p pa pb pab The inflation factor is only large when event rates are low and treatments moderately efficacious. A practical (rather than statistical) method for reducing patient time spent on inferior drug combinations has been the increasing use of coenrollment in more than one protocol of a clinical trials organization (Larntz et al., 1996). Coenrollment can be more realistic than factorial designs in HIV infection, where the type of interventions to be tested depend on disease stage. However, factorial designs have great potential for trials in HIV infection, in particular in small populations such as children, and also to simultaneously assess different types of treatment strategies, such as testing two regimens of antiretroviral drugs together with two criteria for defining treatment failure and change of treatment. Regardless of general trial design, the endpoints used to evaluate anti-HIV therapy have changed markedly over the last 15 years. Endpoints used in HIV trials to date include mortality, various measures of morbidity, biological markers of disease progression (surrogate markers), and adverse events. Mortality is the natural choice of endpoint in the definitive evaluation of therapy in a fatal disease such as HIV. It is clearly relevant to patients, it is a unique endpoint, and all trial participants are at risk. However, trials using death as an endpoint need to be much larger and last longer than trials which use earlier endpoints. With the advent of HAART in clinical practice from 1997 [usually consisting of at least two nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), with an additional drug which is usually either a nonnucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor or a protease inhibitor], the use of survival as the primary outcome is likely to be impractical, except in patients with late HIV disease. As a result, the most commonly used clinical outcome measure is time to the first new AIDS-defining event or death. Delaying the onset of the first AIDS event and preventing subsequent new AIDS events is certainly clinically relevant. However, two issues remain: (1) the implications for the size and duration of the trial and (2) the composite nature of this endpoint. Although progression to a new AIDS-defining event or death is more common than mortality, with the advent of HAART this endpoint is likely to be rare enough to still require large numbers of patients to be recruited and followed over a long period, particularly in early HIV disease. However, several international trials with AIDS as a primary clinical endpoint are currently recruiting patients (see, for example, Emery et al., 2002). Some trials in the early 1990s used other (nonAIDS) clinical events (such as AIDS-related complex, ARC) in addition to AIDS or death. These events may provide early evidence of a treatment effect, but their usefulness is questionable because they are largely subjective relatively minor symptoms and are clinically much less important than AIDS. AIDS-defining illnesses, in contrast, are more clinically relevant and can more easily be assessed objectively. However, the current definition of AIDS includes a variety of over 20 different conditions including opportunistic infections and malignancies (Centers for Disease Control, 1992) in addition to a CD4 cell count of less than 200 cells/ml (ignored for the purpose of this discussion). A major issue in using progression to a new AIDS defining event or death is the composite nature of this endpoint, which treats all events equally regardless of their clinical significance. Furthermore, information on second or subsequent AIDS events are ignored (or sometimes not even collected) as is the total number of events experienced by a participant. In the Delta trial (Delta Coordinating Committee, 1996) a total of 1451 AIDS-defining events and 498 deaths were observed in 2765 participants who were AIDS-free at entry. When the relative risks of death associated with different AIDS events were simultaneously estimated from a Cox proportional hazards model using the occurrence of these events as time-dependent covariates, the impact of the different types of AIDS events on mortality ranged between no effect to an increase of about 20-fold. The composite endpoint of progression to AIDS or death utilized 936 (48%) of the total observed events. Thus one clear disadvantage of the composite endpoint of AIDS or death is that more than 50% of all events and the great majority of severe events have not been utilized. Methods for the analysis of multivariate failure time data can be used to include all events in the analysis, and to investigate differences in treatment effects across different AIDS events (see Section 2). The use of biological markers of disease progression to assess different treatments is attractive because it may provide direct evidence of treatment activity and lead to smaller and shorter trials. Disadvantages in using markers to measure treatment effects include their large withinpatient biological variability and problems with quality control. A more relevant criticism is that a biological marker generally measures activity in only one mechanism of action of a drug regimen, be it efficacy or toxicity. Furthermore, the choice of timing of marker measurements and final clinical outcome will clearly affect the degree to which a marker measures the treatment effect on the clinical endpoint. There are a number of examples from other diseases where the inappropriate use of such surrogate markers has led to misleading conclusions and consequently to the inappropriate treatment of many patients, the most notable being the use of anti-arrhythmic drugs (see, for example, Fleming and DeMets, 1996). Candidate markers in HIV include CD4 lymphocyte count and viral load measured by plasma or serum HIV RNA. CD4 lymphocytes are the main target of the HIV virus and a key part of the defence against infection provided by the immune system. Declining numbers of CD4 cells are therefore associated with an increase in susceptibility to infections to which a person would not usually succumb (opportunistic infections). HIV RNA levels in plasma or serum directly measure the number of circulating copies of the virus, and quantitative plasma HIV RNA measurements are now the most commonly used primary outcome measures in phase III trials. Although the prognostic significance of both viral load and CD4 cell count is beyond dispute (Mellors et al., 1997), neither viral load nor CD4 cell counts are particularly strong surrogates for clinical outcome in the evaluation of therapy (HIV Surrogate Marker Collaborative Group, 2000). The assessment of surrogacy of biological markers is discussed in Section 3.1. However, even assuming surrogacy of a marker, a number of issues of analysis remain. If a marker is analyzed as a continuous variable, then repeated measures methods must be employed and informative dropout accounted for (Section 3.2). HIV RNA levels are also often reported as below a limit of assay detectability, so this censoring of continuous data must also be considered. Alternatively, biological markers can be synthesized into failure time data; in this case, methods for interval censored failure time data should be used (Section 3.3). When drug regimens are taken over the long term, the relative contribution of toxicity and efficacy becomes more important, particularly when endpoints are markers of efficacy only, such as levels of HIV RNA. For example, since 1998 a sizeable proportion of individuals infected with HIV have begun to present with severe disturbances of metabolic parameters and body fat redistribution or ''lipodystrophy'' (both at levels associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk) (Carr, 1999; Shevitz et al., 2001). The precise relationship between these changes and antiretroviral therapy is currently unclear, although

Start by marking "If the World Were a Village: A Book about the World's People" as Want to Read: We'd love your help. Let us know what's wrong with this preview of If the World Were a Village by David J. Smith. Preview — If the World Were a Village by David J. Smith If the World Were a Village: A Book about the World's People (CitizenKid) David J. Smith, Shelagh Armstrong (Illustrator) 4.28 · Rating details · 779 ratings · 141 reviews The 2nd Edition of the best-selling book which has sold over 400 000 copies in 17 languages -- updated with new content and insights about the world's people. First published to wide acclaim in 2002, this eye-opening book has since become a classic, promoting "world-mindedness" by imagining the world's population -- all 6.8 billion of us -- as a village of just 100 people. The 2nd Edition of the best-selling book which has sold over 400 000 copies in 17 languages -- updated with new content and insights about the world's people. First published to wide acclaim in 2002, this eye-opening book has since become a classic, promoting "world-mindedness" by imagining the world's population -- all 6.8 billion of us -- as a village of just 100 people. Now, If the World Were a Village has been newly revised with updated statistics, several new activities and completely new material on food security, energy and health. By exploring the lives of the 100 villagers, children will discover that life in other nations is often very different from their own. If the World Were a Village is part of CitizenKid: A collection of books that inform children about the world and inspire them to be better global citizens. ...more Hardcover, 32 pages Published March 1st 2002 by Kids Can Press CitizenKid Independent Publisher Book Award (IPPY) for Multicultural Non-Fiction – Juv/Young Adult (2003), IRA Children's and Young Adult's Book Award for Intermediate–Nonfiction (2003) To ask other readers questions about If the World Were a Village, please sign up. What is the recommended age group for this book? Tatiana From my own experience, children in grades 4-6 can grasp the magnitude of the information presented. Kids that age (9-12) love to experiment with…moreFrom my own experience, children in grades 4-6 can grasp the magnitude of the information presented. Kids that age (9-12) love to experiment with dimension, and they can understand abstract comparison better than primary grade levels.(less) See 1 question about If the World Were a Village… Picture Books Featuring Maps, Diagrams, Blueprints Best non-fiction picture books · 779 ratings · 141 reviews All LanguagesEnglish ‎(138) Jul 23, 2011 Manybooks rated it it was amazing · review of another edition Recommends it for: children and adults interested in world geography and social studies Shelves: picture-books, current-affairs, childrens-history-nonfiction, childrens-literature, book-reviews, geography Although I am a bit overwhelmed with and by the seemingly vast amount of information presented, especially the numerical data (and would likely divide the same into smaller, more manageable chunks if reading this book with or to children), David J. Smith's If the World Were a Village is, I believe, one of the best books I have encountered to teach global awareness to children. Exponential numbers, tragedies of epic proportions, the fact that many of the world's people do not have enough food to Although I am a bit overwhelmed with and by the seemingly vast amount of information presented, especially the numerical data (and would likely divide the same into smaller, more manageable chunks if reading this book with or to children), David J. Smith's If the World Were a Village is, I believe, one of the best books I have encountered to teach global awareness to children. Exponential numbers, tragedies of epic proportions, the fact that many of the world's people do not have enough food to eat, clean water to drink, educational opportunities etc. are often hard for children to comprehend, to grasp (even adults have trouble with this). By imagining the world's population as one hundred people living in one single village, the numbers not only become more manageable and understandable, the world's problems, the discrepancy between rich and poor, the fact that out of a village of 100 people, only 24 always have enough to eat, become much more present and immediate. Neither gloom-and-doom nor artificially optimistic in its outlook, both positives and negatives are presented, always striving for balance, making this lushly illustrated, informative picture book a perfect teaching/learning tool for either at-home or in-class use. As an added bonus, the author has also included a detailed list of teaching suggestions, as well as the bibliographical sources for the data utilised, turning If the World Were a Village into an essential and informative resource for both teachers and parents (some of the teaching suggestions might be rather standard, but many of them, such as the concept of partnering schools, of fostering sister/brother communities around the world are truly innovative). Although I would not necessarily call Shelagh Armstrong's boldly colourful illustrations personal favourites, they work very well with David J. Smith's text, providing a fitting complement, a wonderful and richly evocative mirror to and of the information presented. Highly recommended for older children interested in world geography, If the World Were a Village would also be a perfect teaching/learning tool in both elementary and middle school social studies classes (perhaps even in high school classes, as the information presented would be of interest for older students and adults as well). ...more Mar 12, 2010 Lisa Vegan rated it it was amazing Recommends it for: children fascinated by statistics and by other cultures/the world Recommended to Lisa by: Mary Shelves: non-fiction, readbooks-male-author-or-illust, childrens, picture-books, readbooks-female-author-or-illust, reviewed, z2010, social-culture, zz-5star Fascinating! I'm a sucker for information such as this. I've gotten emails with this type of data and I've seen information in museums with these statistics. (This book was published in 2002; I'd love regular updates.) I should loathe this book because it made me feel old, very old, and practically ancient, something I rarely feel. However, it also made me feel really wealthy, a feeling I also don't typically have. Contents covered for a 100 person village based on world population are: a welcome Fascinating! I'm a sucker for information such as this. I've gotten emails with this type of data and I've seen information in museums with these statistics. (This book was published in 2002; I'd love regular updates.) Contents covered for a 100 person village based on world population are: a welcome to the global village, nationalities, languages, ages, religions, food, air and water, schooling and literacy, money and possessions, electricity, the village in the past, the village in the future, teaching children about the global village (a section I think is wonderful and I was most appreciative it was included), and a note on sources and how the calculations were made. This is a superb book for children from the United States or any place where children might think they're the center of the world. The illustrations are perfect: I loved the style, they're colorful, fun to peruse, pertinent to the subject matter, and I found them to be completely engaging. I'm going to send out a few official recommendations for this book but actually I could probably recommend it to many, many more people. ...more Mar 29, 2010 Kathryn rated it really liked it Recommended to Kathryn by: Lisa--thank you! Shelves: travel, non-fiction, environmental, childrens-picture-books At the time this book was written in 1999, the world held about six billion people! That number is remarkably difficult to grasp, for adults or children, but this book attempts to make it easier to relate to by imagining that population in a village of only 100 people. We learn, then, that 61 are from Asia, 13 from Africa, 12 from Europe and so on... we learn that 24 do not have electricity, 17 cannot

HomeNational InterestYes, UPA's dead. But here's what Mamata, PK are saying about Congress... Yes, UPA's dead. But here's what Mamata, PK are saying about Congress & why that's right too Even in its second successive annihilation by BJP, Congress retained a solid block of 20% votes. That's why all of BJP's victims want the Congress at the core of their challenge. Illustration: Soham Sen | ThePrint Mamata Banerjee underlined the obvious when she said on her Mumbai visit that UPA (United Progressive Alliance) didn't exist any longer. The fact is, UPA ceased to exist as an effective alliance after the 2014 general elections. What she and Prashant Kishor, who we might describe as her NSA, national strategic adviser, said about the Congress, however, is more significant. In her interaction with some leading lights of civil society in Mumbai, including some from popular culture mostly seen supporting the Congress on social media, Mamata taunted Rahul Gandhi without naming him. To fight back in politics, you have to be on the ground, not flying overseas all the time. The Congress, she said, was no longer convincing anyone it had it in its gut to fight Narendra Modi. We are paraphrasing, of course. Prashant Kishor made it a one-two punch by tweeting the next day that while Congress could still be a force, no individual had the divine right to claim its leadership. This triggered off theories. First, predictably, that Mamata was now telling her old party that it needed a worthier leader, someone with the track record of fighting and beating the Modi-Shah BJP more than once, and not its "reluctant" dynasty. The second was that Prashant Kishor had actually meant to clarify her move. First, by comforting the Congress that they weren't planning to gobble all its political space, but that they, like all of the opposition, had a stake in the party reviving itself. And second, that this won't happen under its current leader, namely Rahul Gandhi, so they should bring about a change. An inspired call for the equivalent of a shareholders' revolt seeking management change rather than a hostile takeover. All non-BJP parties in India, even those still in the NDA tent even as they sulk in their irrelevance, have issues with the BJP. Individually, none has the ability to take it on. Or even bring about some balance of power so their bargaining position with the Centre, and more immediately important, over the use of its "agencies", would improve. They may be able to contain the BJP in their individual states. But nationally, they also know that even if a dozen of them came together, they will be cut down piecemeal. The challenge needs to have a core with a presence across multiple states. That part is still only the Congress. That's why they desperately need the Congress. In short, the opposition in India has a Congress-sized problem. Also read: What farm laws retreat by Modi govt tells us about ruling India like a CM with brute majority No political force likes to be asked hard questions. Introspection, internal debate, or chintan-manthan (thinking and churning), as it's usually called in politics, is even tougher in today's parties, all of which, without exception, are owned by a personality or dynasty. That's why the first reaction is to rally around the leader, and crush the messenger's toes. For example, see how Congress, at least for a while, switched from attacking Narendra Modi even as another shambolic Parliament session began, and diverted fire to Prashant Kishor instead. Arguments like these are never won or lost by anyone. But similarly, no one can change the reality of numbers, however brutal. Here is the number that works for the Congress. That even in its second successive annihilation by the BJP, it retained a solid, unshakable block of 20 per cent votes. That is more than any four parties other than the BJP, pick and choose from NDA and UPA. That's why all of BJP's victims, which we sometimes facetiously describe as the 'BJP-peedit samaj', want the Congress to revive. Mamata Banerjee and Prashant Kishor would have to be delusional to believe that they can build such a formidable TMC wave pan-nationally as to have these 13 crore or so committed Congress voters shift to them. Equally, they no longer harbour the illusion that the Gandhis can revive the party and threaten a clear majority for the BJP. That's why they want a new leadership for the Congress. Or offer it the option of seeing itself as a start-up with 13 crore votes as its initial capital, and a new management — theirs — of course. There are other ways of looking at the figures for the Congress. One is to remember that it has only 53 members in the Lok Sabha, which isn't even 10 per cent of the house, although an improvement of nine seats over 2014. When you dice it further, it becomes more problematic. Where do the party's seats come from? Kerala brings 15 and Punjab eight, and both are to the party's own credit. Then the eight in Tamil Nadu are owed mostly to the big brother there, DMK. Then follows the kind of score a cricket team when it gets all out for 53. Three each in Assam and Telangana, two each in Chhattisgarh and West Bengal, and then one each in 12 states. Under that significant figure of 20 per cent vote, therefore, lies the ugly reality of the party not scoring double figure seats in any state except one, Kerala. Today, can it expect to do much better than this in a fresh election? Repeating this in Kerala will be a challenge, in Tamil Nadu they will be at the DMK's mercy, in Punjab they are divided and in Telangana, West Bengal and Assam, weakened further. Also read: Modi seems unassailable, opposition is targeting its own but UP 2022 can change 2024 script The harshest truth at the bottom line is that unlike almost any other opposition party in the country, the Congress is the only one that doesn't 'own' a state. Until a couple of months ago, it could make that claim about Punjab. It has worked pretty hard to ensure that is no longer so. In comparison, the TMC has West Bengal and Stalin has Tamil Nadu, two of India's larger states (that send around 40 MPs to the Lok Sabha). Congress splits Kerala with the Left on the Vidhan Sabha-Lok Sabha basis, so does not own that state. Nowhere else does it even come close. In Maharashtra, where it has swallowed the chalice of poison to stay in the ruling alliance, it is now the weakest of the three partners. Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy and KCR dominate their states, the Thackerays have risen in status in Maharashtra, Congress begins with just two Lok Sabha seats in Chhattisgarh and none in Rajasthan, the two large states it rules. In all of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Himachal Pradesh and West Bengal, it has all of 10 out of 286 seats. All these are states it has ruled more than once in the past. Some even since the rise of the BJP post-1989. It is wrong to say the Congress doesn't matter. Certainly, one set of people who do not believe that for a minute is the BJP. That's why even in his speech in Parliament on Constitution Day, Narendra Modi called dynastic politics a threat to democracy. It is also wrong to deny that the Congress has no ideological glue left, and that no party person swears by it any more. If that wasn't so, many more would have gone to the BJP, and certainly so many others would have preferred the still marginal (in national terms) parties like the TMC. Equally,

New Watches 2021 Articles Independent watchmaking Please enter a valid email. Subscription is successful. Up Close with the A. Lange & Söhne Lange 1 "25th Anniversary" The first of 10 for 25 years. A. Lange & Söhne, Reviews, Share Facebook Linkedin Twitter Pinterest Weibo Mail Instagram On October 24, 1994, four watches were unveiled in Dresden, all bearing "A. Lange & Söhne" on their dials, marking the resurrection of a venerable but dormant name in German watchmaking. Three of the watches had a big date – and the last one didn't have any date at all – which had deliberately set to "25" in photos, so as to show the correct date for the following day's print newspapers (which are now even more quaint than a chain and fusee). The first of the four watches, the Lange 1, became the iconic wristwatch of A Lange & Söhne. It has since evolved into an entire product line, ranging from moonphases to perpetual calendar tourbillons, all based on the same design. Appropriately, to commemorate the brand's revival 25 years ago, ten different 25th Anniversary Lange 1 watches will be progressively unveiled on the 25th of every month until October 2019; the Grand Lange 1 Moon Phase and Little Lange 1 have already been launched. The resulting 10 models will then be sold as sets, which in turn will be limited to 25 sets (and rumoured to be priced at about €800,000). Although the 10 are officially a set, each model has an individual retail price, which makes it easier to split a set. The only commemorative watch sold individually, at least officially, is the Lange 1 "25th Anniversary". The presentation in 1994 at Dresden's Royal Palace showing the inaugural collection of Lange, presented by (from left) Gunter Blumlein, Walter Lange, and Hartmut Knothe The Lange 1 "25th Anniversary" This is the watch that started it all, the original Lange 1. At a glance, the look is unchanged – the signature off-centre time display, a big date at 2 o'clock, and the "auf-ab" power reserve indicator just below. But the dial incorporates numerous, mostly subtle, details to differentiate the anniversary watch from the standard model. The most obvious is the dial surface, which has the empty sections recessed and given a frosted finish. This gives them a muted, darker appearance that contrasts the raised, silvery outlines that reflect more light. Also, all the lettering on the dial is printed in blue instead of black, including the numbers of the big date – which remains the trademark white so it's a different tone from the dial. Even the Roman numerals and indices are printed in blue, a feature found only on a handful of Lange 1 variants, while the regular Lange 1 typically has them as applied markers. Note the red accents signifying a low power reserve; "ab" translates as "down" A feature found here that's common to all Lange dials is the fine, radial guilloche on the sub-dials, also known as azurage. This gives the effect of a radial shimmer, as the light reflects in the concentric grooves. Closeup of the sub-dial showing the contrasting azurage, blue printing, and recessed frosted finish Typical of the brand, the case is made of three sections – a polished bezel, brushed middle, and case back – with a pusher for the date. The white gold case is 38.5mm across, exactly the same as the original Lange 1 of 1994 as well as today's standard models. But being a second generation Lange 1, the case height has increased nearly a full millimetre, from 9.8mm on the stock model to 10.7mm for this anniversary edition. That, however, is not apparent on the wrist and the watch retains its handsome proportions. Side profile with date pusher. Tripartite white gold case has a brushed middle section. Remember the past and its personalities The reason for the increased height is apparent when the watch is flipped over, revealing the hunter back with an elaborate engraving of the original Lange manufactory in Glashütte. Executed in a slightly stylised manner reminiscent of Impressionism, the engraving is done by hand with a burin, a sharp tipped tool that removes metal, adding an artisanal touch to the watch. The case back design is reminiscent of the solid backs found on some of the first Lange 1s, with display backs only introduced a year after the model's introduction. Framing the engraving is a circular border containing the names of the key individuals who resurrected the brand in 1990, Günter Blümlein and Walter Lange, both now unfortunately deceased. As with most Lange watches that have a hunter back, the case is produced by a case maker located just across the street from Lange headquarters. Though it's not the only case supplier Lange uses – the two others are in Switzerland – this is usually the go-to supplier for complex or special cases. The hunter back, or cuvette, with "25 Jahre" that means "25 years" The cuvette can be opened via a tiny, discreet tab on its edge. The hinge of the case back opens up to a right angle that's sufficient but it would be more helpful if the back opened further back for a more comprehensive view of the movement. The tiny tab to lift the back A view only for the owner It's worth noting that the hunter back is constructed in a extremely robust and solid manner. The hinge works silently, smoothly, and without any plate, while the back snaps shut with a reassuring click. In fact, the hinged back is almost a dead ringer for the hunter back on the 1815 Rattrapante Perpetual Calendar Handwerkskunst, a watch that was several orders of magnitude more expensive. That illustrates a defining characteristic of the brand, which never does anything in half measures. regardless of the price point. The second generation movement Inside the L121.1, introduced in 2015 as a successor to the original L901.0 movement from 1994. To recap, the new movement was designed from the ground up to retain the Lange 1 dial layout but enhanced with updated features, namely: An instantaneous date change, A seconds hand that stops exactly at the 60 second mark when the mainspring is empty, A larger, free-sprung balance wheel attached to Lange's own hairspring, And a more efficient gear train with the seconds hand is driven directly, eliminating the indirect seconds bridge. The improvements raise the movement part count, albeit minimally, to 368, compared with 365 of the original L901.0. The power reserve remains the same, 72 hours. The movement here is functionally identical to the base model, with the only difference being the balance cock. Instead of the usual floral motif found on stock models, the anniversary watch has a balance cock engraved with a reproduction of the big date display showing "25" that's been filled in blue lacquer. The rest of the movement is finished in the usual Lange fashion – meaning a high, high standard including polished anglage, gold chatons for the rubies, and striping of the maillechort, or German silver, three-quarter plate. But visually it is perhaps a little plain, as the plate is a large, unbroken expanse of metal, lacking the "island" bridges of the original Lange 1 movement. Gold chatons for the ruby bearings As a limited run of 250 pieces, the Lange 1 "25th Anniversary" commands a hefty premium of about 35% over the standard model. That's steep, but the cost is justified by the engraved, white gold hunter back, and to a lesser degree the various aesthetic tweaks, as well as the fact that it's a limited edition release. In any case, the anniversary Lange 1 is a refreshing take on an iconic timepiece that is normally seen as classical and austere. The Lange 1 "25th Anniversary" (ref. 191.066) is a limited edition of 250 watches, priced at US$47,900, or 67,400 Singapore dollars. It is already available at Lange boutiques worldwide. Correction April 16, 2019: The 10 Lange

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The following is a descriptive hole by hole tour of Burnt Pine Golf Club. You may download a printable PDF of the tour here. A healthy test to start your round, this par four opens up with a stunning lake the length of the left side of the hole and Burnt Pine 's signature mounding on the right. A fairway bunker left can add to the challenge off the tee. Large greenside pot bunkers in front and to the right protect the undulating green, with a collection area behind to gather overzealous approach shots. is recommended for the second shot as the landing area narrows toward the green. The green has a natural backstop in the back left to absorb a shot from those who try to reach the green in two. Be sure to avoid the largest bunker on the course that runs left the final 200 yards of this hole. A great opportunity to make up for any strokes you may have lost on the first two holes. This par 3 brings the enormous fairway bunker into play the length of the hole on the left. The sloped green makes club selection important. Pot bunkers right collect anything errant. This fantastic par 4 hole starts a stretch of three diverse, demanding holes. The arboreal backdrop provides players a natural retreat and a good chance of seeing wildlife. A well-struck drive must carry a wooded wetland area while staying within the confines of this slight dogleg right avoiding a large bunker left, and two deep pot bunkers right of the landing area. Mounding down the left side of the fairway can either kick an errant shot back into play, or farther left. A long iron is a common approach club to an undulating green guarded on both sides by bunkers. This risk reward par 5 can yield birdies as quickly as it can double bogies. A beautiful lake runs the length of the hole on the left, and a heavily wooded right side encourages a straight second shot. The mounding that distinguishes this Rees Jones treasure continues the length of the right side of the hole providing a visual cornucopia for all golfers. The fairway, guarded in the middle by two small pot bunkers off the tee, invites golfers to test their driving accuracy and possibly go for the green in two. The smart player concedes to the course, laying up shy of the bunkers. A wide landing area for second shots creates a variety of approach looks, with some requiring forced carries over water and others that must clear high-lipped traps to reach a mogul-laden green. The third member of this memorable trio of holes is a par 3 that can be challenging to hit and even more challenging to hold. A lake that runs the length of the hole to the right sports a fountain that can also entice the occasional golf ball. Two large bunkers guard the green to the front left. A well-placed chip shot is a must if you miss this fast green that slopes dramatically toward the water. Long left and short are the only opportunities to miss the green without incurring a penalty. A good drive down the left side takes most of the trouble away on this hole. Mounds come into play the entire right side of the hole while bunkers guard the landing area long left and short right. The three-tiered green makes club selection of the utmost importance on the second shot as a paw print of bunkers guard this hole. This short par four will often reward a solid tee shot with a birdie. A fairway wood (or driving iron for long hitters) toward the fairway bunkers right gives the best angle to the green, although a well struck driver will leave a flop shot into the green. The severely undulated green holds some of the finest pin positions on the whole course and requires a short iron shot to be precise. The upper level of this green is much more level than it looks, however, be careful of the large "bowl" in the front center. A longer, more accurate tee shot is a great advantage on this par four. The same lake that came into play on the first hole guards the left side of number nine. Avoiding the deep bunkers in front of the green will make for a much easier opportunity for par, but be careful n ot to go too far, as a large bunker behind the green can make for an adventure as well. A short iron into the left side of the green should leave a short birdie putt regardless of the placement. Water winds down the left side of this hole all the way to the green, as the landing area from the tee narrows at the fairway bunker approximately 130 yards out. A tee shot just left of the fairway pot bunker should leave the best angle for approach. Par is very attainable if one avoids the deep pot bunkers to the right and left side of this green. A grand opportunity for birdie is presented on this short straightforward par four. A bunker on either side of the fairway in the landing area is the only hazard off the tee. Four pot bunkers surrounding the green keep the severely undulated surface protected from all but the most accurate shots. A strong tee shot leaves a short iron into a receptive but very undulated green. One of the few greens on the course that a ball cannot be rolled onto; keeping your approach shot below the hole is key here. The shortest par three on the course is not necessarily the least challenging. Water short and right as well as a deep bunker short left gives this hole ample protection. And if that wasn't enough, an oak tree short left and another of the large signature mounds can occasionally help an errant shot back onto the putting surface. The safest shots are sometimes played off the embankment to the left of the green leaving a reasonable opportunity for a par. This testy par four begins a stretch of what are arguably three of the most memorable holes you'll find. Avoid a long lagoon running up the right side of a wide fairway that doglegs right, with a crisp and accurate drive. The characteristic mounds abound down the left side of this rolling fairway. Approaches must split two bunkers guarding the wide but sloping green, which breaks abundantly. From the fairway golfers are greeted with a breathtaking panoramic view of the Choctawhatchee Bay and the colorful tidal marshes that frame this incredible green. Sunsets from this hole are particularly memorable during late afternoon rounds. Perhaps the most memorable hole in Northwest Florida, this par 3 is carved skillfully but treacherously from a prime piece of coastal paradise. Players face a daunting yet inviting task: they must ignore the incredible view of the Choctawhatchee Bay, battle a prevailing bay breeze and then strike a crisp shot to a sloped green that is entirely encircled by marshlands. As many as 200 yards of carry may be needed over the marsh of the Choctawhatchee Bay to reach this green, but it is large enough to accept shots with a 3 wood or driver. A small stand of pines and the glorious expanse of the bay just steps from the tee box highlight this hole that words do not seem to do justice. For the faint of heart, or those who just don't have enough club, a drop area is provided left of the green making bogey a much easier task. An island tee box directly on the bay sets the tone for this soft dogleg right that lies in the shadows of

Ray's passing in 1994 we were a little lost. Geoff Bottom made contact with Damian and suggested that they move to Melbourne together. Geoff said later that it was a great move as Damian was an excellent cook and kept an immaculate house. He had been well trained! The constant cleaning of the squash and fitness centre gave him good skills. The children well remember the hours spent sweeping floors, cleaning toilets and showers as well as the glass front door that patrons insisted on touching with their hands rather than using the door handles. Living in Melbourne Damian met and married Amanda. Geoff, who was best man at the wedding met Melinda (Amanda's sister) as she was also part of the Bridal Party. They married shortly after. They made the move back to Lakes Entrance. On Thursday evening there was a tragic motor vehicle accident in Lakes Entrance. Geoff's first born child JAY (Jascha's cousin) lost his life. Geoff was in Melbourne, intending to catch up with Damian at the time of the accident. A very close family, Geoff's children were with their sister (Aunty Liz.) I understand all of the children were in the 4 wheel-drive vehicle at the time of the accident. It is with a sad and heavy heart that we say goodbye to this precious little 10 year-old. wrote down your babies birth. This morning I received a card, wishing me good health and a lifetime of beautiful sunsets. It came from Kim, a delightful, but distant friend. In the card she mentioned that she was to have a psychic reading today with Jacki at Warners Bay. This afternoon I phoned to thank her for the card. Her voice was animated and she began the conversation by saying that she had been waiting for my call. It was amazing! I learned that my name had come up throughout the reading. Kim said that I was her friend. Jacki said there was something about breast cancer and that I am causing my own cancer problems. She went on to say 'She is angry at losing her son.' Her son says it was time for him to go. If he had not been taken in a motor vehicle accident it would have happened in some other way. Kim was was writing furiously at this time and amazed that she was learning so much from Jeremy, through Jacki. Kim, realised at this time that she was feeling pain in her neck. Kim replied that there was nothing that she was aware of and was laughing when I told her this afternoon that my General Practitioner, Dr De Souza had suggested to me on Monday that he thought that one of my problems was coming from my neck and the area of the T2. He suggested that I could have several problems, the major one being in the area of the neck/upper spine. We will be looking to do a CAT Scan once the ultrasound has been done of the right shoulder. That is scheduled for Monday morning. Jacki said there is something about a web site and that Jeremy is always with me when I am on the site. How proud I am to have had the opportunity to set up a Memory-of site to keep his memory alive. Through the site, I now share the journey with my amazing Angel Family friends. Jeremy wanted us to know that there was someone with him at the time of his passing. I am not surprised by that, but now wonder if he is in fact referring to Michael, who came upon the accident and held Jezz in his arms as he took his final breath. Just maybe, it could have been his much loved Dad who lost his battle with cancer in 1994. Jacki to Kim; Cheryl's son says for Mum to 'Wake up to herself!' She is doing this to herself. She must want to live! Laughingly I asked Kim how she felt about paying for a reading that so obviously had important messages for me. I think, just maybe, it is time I took her to lunch. As I sign off for the evening, with love and gratitude, I would like to say how much I appreciate your Comments to my Posts. I feel your warmth and support. It does have a huge bearing on my ability to get through each day at this very difficult time. I find that I am still able to follow your blogs but not always able to leave comments due to my current limitations. This has certainly gone on much longer than I would have expected however, I find myself being patient as I seek the answers that will allow the healing to take place. I find that I am nowhere near resuming normal activities, even after 2 weeks of being a 'lounge lizard.' The doctors are still looking for the cause while I continue to seek outside help with alternate therapies. Being on the computer is agonising however, I felt that I really wanted to share with you the following which I have taken from the book 'Extraordinary Healing' by Art Brownstein MD. I am testing the theory. I quote: 'Pain, particularly of a chronic nature, often carries with it deeper messages than merely indicating that something is wrong in your body. Although pain can be a living hell, it can also be a great teacher and a blessing in disguise. Pain opens us up, broadens our horizons, enlarges our perspectives, expands our minds, makes us more tolerant, teaches us patience and endurance, and toughens our spirits and moral fiber. Pain teaches us compassion and understanding and teaches us to become better people. After you've been through pain and you've survived the sheer brutality of its force and power, you'll never take anything in life for granted again. As gold is purified by superheating, so too the hell fires of pain can purify your soul and make you a better, stronger, more caring person. I am waiting patiently to be released from this, often unbearable, pain and look forward to being on top of life once again. The above picture is one that Ness sent to me shortly after Jeremy's accident and I feel it is perfect for this Post. In my haste to do my Post last night I completely omitted to give you news on Ness. I am sure our angels will protect me as I type, knowing that my previous Post stated emphatically that I was banned from the computer for one week. Ness arrived home Tuesday. She sounded bright and cheery. As mentioned in a previous Post she underwent a Sentinel Node Biopsy prior to surgery. After surgery her sister Bec had mentioned there was something in the sternum. Ness explained to me that the Sentinel Node Biopsy drained to the breastbone, rather than the axillary lymph nodes. The doctor said he had never seen this before and Medical Journal articles indicate that it is very rare. He knew therefore, at the time of surgery, that he would need to remove lymph nodes in the breastbone. He went very deep which resulted in soreness and pain. Had it not been for the result of the Sentinel Node Biopsy, he would not have looked for cancer spread in that area. Ness said she felt the presence of her very powerful Guardian Angel and felt eternally grateful to Jezz for his presence. She therefore smiled when the doctor made the comment that, in his opinion, she must have angels by her side. The unthinkable has happened! I have been given the message - no computer for at least 7 days. Yes! I am having withdrawls and it is not easy. As you know I was scheduled to see Nancy Evelyn, my much loved and respected herbalist yesterday. Nancy has

inspection. TSA locks, instead, can be opened by officials and then placed back on once you leave the airport. Alpha Guide: Skiing in Tuckerman Ravine Who says the East doesn't have bigtime, open backcountry skiing? A classic not just among Northeast skiers, Tuckerman Ravine is a serious challenge for all skiers and boarders. "Skiing Tucks" is a rite of passage for almost every East Coast skier. The glacial cirque offers some of the best terrain east of the Mississippi, with high alpine conditions, steep chutes, and cozy gullies. The birthplace of "extreme" skiing in the 1930s and '40s, it's now the East's most well-known and highly traveled backcountry skiing destination. Amongst its beautiful, rugged, and powerful terrain, its rich community, and addicting atmosphere, Tucks keeps the locals and the travelers alike coming back year after year. The trip is easily done in a day, but staying multiple days allows for more skiing, earlier starts, and bigger weather windows. Distance: 2.9 miles to Tuckerman Ravine Floor, one way. Time to Complete: 1 day Difficulty:★★★★★ Scenery:★★★★ Season: December through April; best February and later. Fees/Permits: None Contact: https://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/whitemountain/recarea?recid=78538 Turn-By-Turn Parking and trailhead access to the Tuckerman Ravine Trail are at the Appalachian Mountain Club's Pinkham Notch Visitor Center located on Route 16 between Gotham and Jackson. Weekend parking fills up quickly, but an overflow lot is located just south of the Visitor Center. Stop in the Visitor Center for last-minute supplies, trail conditions, and weather information before starting your ski up the trail. Credit: Andrew Drummond Follow the Tuckerman Ravine Trail from Pinkham Notch Visitor Center for 2.4 miles to the Caretaker Cabin at Hermit Lake Shelters (44.13269° N 74.85318° W). From the Visitor Center, the trail switchbacks before straightening out for a sustained climb to the intersection with the Huntington Ravine Trail. From there, you'll pass the Harvard Cabin Fire Road junction before climbing to the Hermit Lake Shelters, where you'll finally gain stunning views of the ravine. Chat with a Ranger or stop into the Caretaker Cabin for up-to-date weather, snow, and safety information before heading up into the ravine. From the Caretaker Cabin, continue up the Tuckerman Ravine Trail for just over a half-mile to reach the ravine's floor. While skiers can hike or skin to the floor, once you choose your runs for the day, climbing on foot is necessary to get to the top of the steep slopes. It is strongly recommended to climb up what you intend to ski down to get an accurate view of the conditions and terrain. Remember that the runs are always changing due to the amount of snow and how the snow fills into each run. After Your Ski The fastest and most enjoyable way down is the Sherburne Ski Trail, which is accessible from the Caretaker Cabin at Hermit Lake. This trail is roughly three miles long, would equate to a "Blue Square" in difficulty at your local ski resort, and, at the end, drops you off at the south side of the Pinkham Notch Visitor Center parking lot. The "Sherbie" is also a great objective when avalanche danger is high for the day, or if you just want to go for a quick ski tour. As spring progresses, however, Sherburne's skiable area decreases. So, keep an eye out for a cross-cut back to the Tuckerman Ravine Trail when the coverage gets thin. If you are looking to spend the night, check out the AMC Hermit Lake Shelters for a winter camping experience and quick access to the ravine; Harvard Cabin for a cozy, rustic night halfway up the trail; or Joe Dodge Lodge next to the trailhead for a bunk, a shower, and a meal. The Runs Courtesy: Colin Boyd Hillman's Highway Aspect: East-Northeast Steepest Slope Angle: 40 degrees Vertical Distance: 1200 feet Hillman's is slightly removed from the main "bowl" and is located under the Boott Spur Buttresses. Get a great view of the run from Hermit Lake Shelters' visitor deck. Easy access is found by heading up the Sherburne Ski Trail from the Caretaker Cabin. Points of reference on Hillman's include "the dog leg," the skiers' left-hand curve near the bottom; the top of "the Christmas Tree," an area of vegetation to the climber's right of the slide path that, when filled with snow, looks like a Christmas tree from a distance; and the fork near the top of the run, where skiers have a choice of two different variations. Credit: Jamie Walter Left Gully Vertical Distance: 850 feet The ravine's left-most prominent run is Left Gully. In the ravine, this run is often the first and last to be skied over the course of the season, as its northeast orientation helps the slope hold snow a bit longer due to decreased sun exposure. The top offers two general entrances to get into the run. When climbing up the gully, look to the right for a steeper entrance, or continue straight up for a slightly more mellow one. About halfway down, the run narrows a bit before making a left turn to drop you back into the bowl. Aspect: East Chute is easily identified by the hour glass-shaped choke point near the center. The steep entry funnels skiers through this 30-foot-wide point into open skiing and lower slope angles below. Use caution when climbing through the choke point, as skiers (and their sluff) may be descending. A great spot for a rest on the way up or down, a natural bench is under the rock buttress to the climber's left of the choke point. It's ideal for taking a minute to decide whether to keep going, to have a snack, or to take in the great views across the ravine. The Lip Aspect: Southeast The Lip is located on the climber's right-hand side of the headwall, where a gap in the steep wall of rock and ice lets skiers sneak through and make big, open turns into the bowl. When skiing into The Lip, trend to the left to avoid going over the icefall area. The Lip becomes progressively steeper as you ski into it; this decreases the visibility of the run below you, until you reach the steepest pitch. As such, find visual landmarks as you climb up, and use them as a route-finding tool on the way down. All eyes are on you when you're skiing The Lip, so make it count! Sluice Aspect: South-Southeast Sluice is found between The Lip and Right Gully. Its entrance is steep and has a tricky double fall-line, when the obvious ski run dictates one direction of travel, but gravity wants to take you in another. A good reference point for this climb is Sluice Ice, a cliff that holds vertical ice a few hundred feet up from Lunch Rocks. Use caution with your route-finding in the spring, as ice begins to shed as the temperatures rise. Skiers finish the run by skiing to the left side of Lunch Rocks. Right Gully Aspect: South The most prominent gully on the south-facing wall is Right Gully. Because of their orientation, this run and Lobster Claw see the most sun in the ravine, so keep this in mind when searching for the perfect soft spring corn. Though it's a bit shorter than some of the others, the consistent slope angle and half-pipe-like feel make this a favorite. A great place to scope out the line, decide whether to keep climbing, or have a snack is on the natural bench that forms under the climber's right side of the slight choke point, just under halfway up the run. Once you locate Right Gully, look a few hundred feet to the right to find Lobster Claw. This run is under the ravine's Lion Head area. Slightly narrower than Right Gully, the slope angle is a bit mellower and gets about the same amount of sunlight. Lobster Claw is home to quite a bit of vegetation

is not the beginning of a new humanity but the symbolic representation of the persecuted righteous in Israel, who will eventually be vindicated before the throne of God and given rule over the nations formerly under the power of the beastly empire. Letters from the apostles. Jesus was raised to life as the "prototype of a new humanity". His followers are empowered to "spread the light and love of Jesus out into the world" and to invite people to join Jesus' "multi-ethnic family, the new humanity". All humanity was trapped in a Babylonian exile but Jesus came to create a new home. I agree that the resurrection of Jesus marked the beginning of a new ontology. But the New Testament makes very little of this aspect. The focus is almost entirely on the fact that by his resurrection from the dead and exaltation to the right hand of God, in "fulfilment" of Psalm 110:1, he has been made the king who will judge and rule over both Israel and the nations currently subject to the Roman oppressor. The apostles do not "spread the light and love of Jesus out into the world". This is a very modern inoffensive reinterpretation of the gospel. The message was that YHWH had made his Son king, that the old political-religious order of the ancient world was about to be overturned, and that sooner or later the nations of the empire would bow the knee to Jesus and confess him as Lord. For many of those involved it would mean death and destruction. The Revelation. There whole biblical story comes together in the book of Revelation. Jesus is the slaughtered Lamb who is exalted as the divine king of the world. He leads his people out of Babylon into a final new creation. Heaven and earth are reunited and the new humans take up their appointed task from the Bible's first page to rule the world together in the love and power of God. Again, the book of Revelation has been turned upside down and the historical content tipped out, leaving us with an empty box. The Lamb which was slain is expressly authorised to open the seals that will unleash the wrath of God—first, I think, against Israel, then against Rome, Babylon the great. I don't think that John depicts the new heaven and earth as a reversion to the first creation. There is no attempt to depict the beginning of a new humanity, no restatement of the creation mandate to multiply and exercise dominion over the natural order. The dead are raised, they are judged, and those whose names are found in the book of life will live with God (Rev. 21:6-7). That's about it. So I think that what The Bible Project people have done is to retell the biblical story from a modern universalising, creation-oriented perspective. They have made it a story about how God produces a new world rather than a story about how God manages the concrete existence of his people in history. Far too much is made of the theme of a new humanity, far too little of the political dynamics that shape the story of Israel into the New Testament and beyond. This has been a critique from a particular point of view. If we take the video on its own terms, I would say that it does a remarkably good job of demonstrating both the power of a narrative theology and the narrative coherence of the Bible; and it does it better, and certainly more succinctly, than a lot of narrative reconstructions that I've seen. But it falls short of a narrative-historical hermeneutic. Narrative in scripture functions on three main levels. There is a lower level of personal and family stories, which is the level at which much evangelical theology operates. There is a rarefied upper level which houses the story of humanity and the cosmos, running from creation to new creation, which to my mind is the level that The Bible Project video attempts to include in its reading of scripture. The Bible is not interested in a cosmic story apart from humanity, which is why we struggle to accommodate modern scientific perspectives on the origins and extent of the universe. But between these two levels, and far more important than both, is the dominant, persistent narrative of God's covenant people and their relation to the powerful nations and cultures of the ancient world in history, in all its complexity and messiness. It is a story about historical events and it has in view historical outcomes. The personal and cosmic narratives impinge on the historical narrative at certain points, but we turn the whole thing inside out if, for example, we make the exile in Babylon a metaphor for humanity's captivity to sin or Jesus' resurrection only the beginning of a new humanity and not the inauguration of a new political state of affairs. If the biblical narrative teaches us anything, it is that maintaining a credible witness to the reality of the living God over time, under changing historical conditions, is extremely difficult. The church in the West today cannot afford to overlook that lesson. Alex | Fri, 09/28/2018 - 19:58 | Permalink Thanks Andrew, you are exactly right that Babylon is being allegorized under the weight of Genesis 1-3. When juxtaposed with Luke's use of Psalm 2 in Acts 4:25-28 this is wrongheaded. Luke does not transform the political enemies of the Lord and his anointed into spiritual elements like sin, death, and demons—he identifies them precisely as rulers, nations, and authorities. If the biblical narrative teaches us anything, it is that maintaining a credible witness to the reality of the living God over time, under changing historical conditions, is extremely difficult. The video seems apathetic at best when it comes to this historical witness. I don't think it gives the respect due to the hopes and expectations of the prophets and at the same time implies that those who concern themselves with such things are misunderstanding the kind of Messiah Jesus came to be. It's an ever-popular idea: that Jesus came to show the Jews that their political hopes were in and of themselves idolatrous. That the desires for land, security, internal integrity, and the obedience of the nations to YHWH were all along misplaced. I wonder if this allegorization of Babylon and emphasis on the cosmic narrative is ultimately an attempt to dissociate the Bible from Christendom and the entangling of Judaism/Christianity with political power. Reply to Alex Phil L. → Alex | Fri, 09/28/2018 - 20:29 | Permalink In reply to Thanks Andrew, you are by Alex I've often wondered if it wasn't the result of Greco-Roman Gentile believers trying to find relevance for themselves in Scriptures primarily concerned with the experience of Israel among the nations. Reply to Phil L. Andrew Perriman → Alex | Fri, 09/28/2018 - 22:28 | Permalink I think Phil has a point. In the first place, allegorical interpretation was an attempt to retain the relevance of the Old Testament as the church in the Greek-Roman world lost touch with the historical narrative and developed a rational theology. But I agree that a reluctance to take ownership of Christendom now gets in the way of a historical reading of the biblical narrative. Or more positively, the evangelical movement is perhaps rightly looking for good ways to tell the story in an increasingly global culture that is very much preoccupied with both the question of what constitutes authentic humanity and the threat of environmental catastrophe. As an imaginative, self-conscious, "missional" or polemical retelling with those concerns in mind, I think the video has a lot to recommend it. But we have to preserve the hermeneutical tension between that retelling and the necessary historical reading of the texts. Alex → Andrew Perriman |

Our dreams are a way to live consciously, enabling us to remember where we came from, where we are and where we want to go. They show us information about our future, point out what needs to be healed in our bodies or minds, and open up new paths to a more creative and meaningful life. Virginie Pols is an artist, writer, and expert in the intricacies and therapeutic capacity of dreams. Her wealth of knowledge and wisdom accrued through studying with masters and shamans from around the world has given her the skills to coach clients and hold fascinating dream workshops aimed at helping people improve their lives through tapping into their conscious and unconscious worlds. We had the chance to sit with Virginie and pick her brain, catching a glimpse into her past, what led her to become a dream coach, and why she believes that dreams can be used as transformational self-empowerment tools to help us find our way to our most authentic selves. YOGI TIMES: You are a dream catcher, artist, screenwriter, political scientist and author - an individual with many talents. Can you give us a glimpse into your background? Virginie Pols: Since my early years, I was always very curious and imaginative. The world was my playground for my dreamworld. Drawing was my first way of expressing myself and my imagination. And as soon as I was able to write, drawings turned into stories, mixing drawings, dialogues, colors, textures, words and imaginative realms. After high school, I fell in love with theater. Each time I played a role, I completely let go of my personality, my own story, the reality I was used to. What a discovery! I felt it, acted like it, even dreamed it. After three intensive years of learning and performing in Paris, I received a master's degree in politics and ethnology. I was fascinated by other cultures, the ways that humans live and relate to each other, and how a human community faces its challenges of survival on biological, emotional, intellectual and spiritual levels. Virginie Pols: After having children and living in four different countries in 3 years, I faced an emotional breakdown. My entire life went upside down and took an entirely new turn. I was encouraged to go back into nature and reconnect with myself. I found my way back to the whispers of my inner voice and the extraordinary way of living in synchronicity - that means listening to the calling from the universe and taking the necessary steps in that direction. At that time, I met my first dream mentor, Heinz B?chli, who taught me about energy and physics. The idea that everything is energy, and how, in a certain plane, what looks solid is much more fluid than it seems. I recovered visions from childhood, seeing behind material form, how to act as my higher self, and let go of controlling everything in my mind by delving deeper into my dreams. I discovered new ideas, such as how to shift consciousness, open my senses and reach other realms. After years of intensive training, I began to see everything as a part of a dream. There, one foot in each world - the waking world and dream world - I discovered the possibility of transforming my life by being more conscious in both states. I trained myself in biology and cosmology, having always been fascinated with how everything in the universe expands and the secret ways all things correspond with each other. Then, I practiced core shamanism with Michael Harner while traveling and exploring other cultural healing, arts and cosmologies. A few years ago I met Robert Moss, a wonderful teacher and founder of active dreaming - a synthesis of shamanic and dream practices from all over the world. After three years of training with him and practicing individual dream sessions, I felt skilled in the capacity to share these powerful practices as a dream ambassador and teacher. YT: You mention on your website that "dreams contain essential keys for everyone to live their full human potential, both individually and collectively". Can you give us an idea of what you mean by that? Virginie Pols: The nature of dreams is not to be defined. Dreams are free and as soon as you try to define them, they fly away. They like to be heard, taken care of, and used in our daily lives. Dreams are always looking for solutions, experiencing what could be, what could get us closer to our purpose, and further our natural evolution following the universal law of expansion. In a dream we feel, run, sleep, fly, make love; this reality already exists somewhere. As our physical selves, our habitual senses and minds retreat, other parts of us are experiencing something else entirely. There are all sorts of dreams. Big dreams that we can call 'dreams of clarity'. We generally remember these for a long time. There are 'teaching dreams' that arrive to heal something profoundly wounded in us, give us solutions and keys for a specific problem we are facing in our lives. Dreams can be seen as a survival kit for the human race. When we lived as nomadic tribes, dreams guided and warned humans where the next hunting spot would be, where the dangers lay and where there would be plentiful resources. Through dreams, we may have access to a higher level of consciousness and wisdom. While the body and mind are asleep, we have the opportunity to access different states of consciousness. All kinds of ideas can be brought to our attention. Dreams may point out an important issue, a warning about our health or behavior. They find strategies within a distinct plane of energy but they must be acknowledged in our waking state and eventually lead us to change. YT: Do you think that dreams and meditation are related? Virginie Pols: Meditation allows access to a higher nature: the state of awakening. The dream is also a practice that leads to awakening. We become aware of our thoughts and what we create in our daily reality. In dzogchen b?n buddhism, the dream is a continuation of the practice, simply done at night while we sleep. The goal is to become lucid in our dreams. What limits this, as in the waking state, are our emotions. As soon as we come out of quiet observation while dreaming, we simultaneously come out of pure lucidity and re-enter the illusion of reality. These are night practices, where we try to remain lucid, to extend our consciousness as far as possible and transform the dream. A dream is a discipline and demands both practice and detachment, depth and lightness. YT: Can you tell us a little more about your paintings and drawings? Virginie Pols: I paint my visions and dreams. I paint as I bridge the spirit world and waking world. For me, there are no differences. They are stories coming from the dream world. In late 2015, I was ending a rough life cycle where I had some painful realizations about what I was attracting and creating in my life. I woke up one morning and felt it was imperative to sit at my drawing table. I started with a blank piece of paper and some black Chinese ink. I had nothing in mind at first. Yet an entire, complex structure was birthed. The only thing I had to do was stand out the way and let go any form of judgment. When I felt the structure was finished, I colored it in and released it. These past four months, each morning a new being has appeared on paper. Each one can be experienced by different senses. They present two polarities of the same energy. YT: What can participants expect from your

EspañolFrançais First channel and beginnings (2006-2011) Growth and popularity (2012-2013) 10 million subscribers, media appearances and other projects (2014-2015) Problems with the press and censorship, direct and hiatus (2016-2018) Platform switch to Twitch (2018-present) Content and reception style El Rubius at Club Media Fest in 2017 Rubén Doblas Gundersen (1990-02-13) 13 February 1990 (age 32) Mijas, Andalusia, Spain Irina Isasia (2016–present)[1] elrubius.com YouTube information elrubiusOMG 7,450,000,000[2] Creator Awards 100,000 subscribers 2012 1,000,000 subscribers 2013 10,000,000 subscribers 2015 Last updated: June 2022 In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Doblas and the second or maternal family name is Gundersen. Rubén Doblas Gundersen (Spanish: [ruˈβen ˈdoβlaz ˈɣundeɾsen];[a] born 13 February 1990), better known as elrubiusOMG or simply El Rubius (Spanish: [el ˈruβjus]), is a Spanish-Norwegian YouTuber whose channel primarily consists of gameplays and vlogs. He has the most subscribers in Spain[3][4] and is among the 50 channels with the most subscribers of the platform in the world.[5] In 2014 he published El Libro Troll (English: The Troll Book). During 2015 and 2017 he published a total of three comics from his Virtual Hero series. He also participated in an anime series based on the comics. A tweet from his official Twitter account was the most retweeted tweet in the world since 2016. The tweet was often retweeted.[6] In 2016, Time magazine included him in its list of "next generation leaders"[7] and named him an "online conqueror".[8] In 2018, he obtained the world record of viewers live during an online YouTube broadcast for an tournament of the Fortnite video game. He is one of the most popular streamers on Twitch, with the third-most-followed Twitch channel in the world.[9][10] Discover more about El Rubius related topics A YouTuber is an online personality and/or influencer who produces videos on the video-sharing platform YouTube, typically posting to their personal YouTube channel. The term was first used in the English language in 2006. Gameplay is the specific way in which players interact with a game, and in particular with video games. Gameplay is the pattern defined through the game rules, connection between player and the game, challenges and overcoming them, plot and player's connection with it. Video game gameplay is distinct from graphics and audio elements. In card games, the equivalent term is play. Anime is hand-drawn and computer-generated animation originating from Japan. Outside of Japan and in English, anime refers specifically to animation produced in Japan. However, in Japan and in Japanese, anime describes all animated works, regardless of style or origin. Animation produced outside of Japan with similar style to Japanese animation is commonly referred to as anime-influenced animation. Twitter is an online social media and social networking service owned and operated by American company Twitter, Inc., on which users send and respond publicly or privately 280-character-long messages, images and videos known as "tweets". Registered users can tweet, like, 'retweet' tweets and direct message (DM), while unregistered users only have the ability to view public tweets. Users interact with Twitter through browser or mobile frontend software, or programmatically via its APIs. Time (magazine) Time is an American news magazine based in New York City. For nearly a century, it was published weekly, but starting in March 2020 it transitioned to every other week. It was first published in New York City on March 3, 1923, and for many years it was run by its influential co-founder, Henry Luce. A European edition is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa, and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong. The South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney. Fortnite is an online video game developed by Epic Games and released in 2017. It is available in three distinct game mode versions that otherwise share the same general gameplay and game engine: Fortnite Battle Royale, a free-to-play battle royale game in which up to 100 players fight to be the last person standing; Fortnite: Save the World, a cooperative hybrid tower defense-shooter and survival game in which up to four players fight off zombie-like creatures and defend objects with traps and fortifications they can build; and Fortnite Creative, in which players are given complete freedom to create worlds and battle arenas. Twitch (service) Twitch is an American video live streaming service that focuses on video game live streaming, including broadcasts of esports competitions, in addition to offering music broadcasts, creative content, and "in real life" streams. Twitch is operated by Twitch Interactive, a subsidiary of Amazon.com, Inc. It was introduced in June 2011 as a spin-off of the general-interest streaming platform Justin.tv. Content on the site can be viewed either live or via video on demand. The games shown on Twitch's current homepage are listed according to audience preference and include genres such as real-time strategy games (RTS), fighting games, racing games, and first-person shooters. List of most-followed Twitch channels This list contains the top fifty channels with the most followers on the live streaming social platform Twitch. As of January 2023, the most-followed channel belongs to Ninja with over 18.4 million followers. The female streamer with the most followers on her channel is Pokimane with just over half of Ninja's followers at 9.3 million. Rubén Doblas Gundersen was born on 13 February 1990 in Mijas, Andalusia, Spain.[11] He is the son of a Norwegian mother named Bente and a Spanish father, with a younger sister named Liv on his mother's side and two brothers on his father's side.[12] When he was three years old, his parents divorced; he and his mother moved to Bergen, where she became a partner with another Spanish person named Héctor, to whom Rubius often refers as "The Godfather" in his videos. He moved back to Madrid because of this. He went through primary and secondary school there. His first console was an SNES, to which he admitted that it was essential to develop his love for video games and geek culture and that if it hadn't been for that he would never have reached where he was.[13][14] In his high school stage, his parents separated again when aged 16. He relocated to Norway again and finished his studies and returned to Spain with his godfather. He worked as an intern and in a supermarket there. He later entered to study 3D modelling and animation in Arteneo School in Madrid.[12] Discover more about Early life related topics Mijas is a municipality in the Province of Málaga, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Located on the southeastern coast of Spain, Mijas belongs to the region of Costa del Sol Occidental. Its center is a typical Andalusian white-washed village, Mijas Pueblo, located on a mountainside about 430 metres or 1,476 feet above sea level, in the heart of the Costa del Sol region. Andalusia is the southernmost autonomous community in Peninsular Spain. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomous community in the country. It is officially recognised as a "historical nationality". The territory is divided into eight provinces: Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga, and Seville. Its capital city is Seville. The seat of the High Court of Justice of Andalusia is located in the city of Granada. Bergen, historically Bjørgvin, is a city and municipality in Vestland county on the west coast of Norway. As of 2021, its population is roughly 285,900. Bergen is the second-largest city in Norway. The municipality covers 465 square kilometres (180 sq mi) and is on the peninsula of Bergenshalvøyen. The city centre and northern neighbourhoods are on Byfjorden, 'the city fjord', and the city is surrounded by mountains; Bergen is known as the "city of seven mountains". Many of the extra-municipal suburbs are on islands. Bergen is the administrative centre of Vestland county. The city consists of eight boroughs: Arna, Bergenhus, Fana, Fyllingsdalen, Laksevåg, Ytrebygda, Årstad, and Åsane. Madrid is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The

narrados en la Biblia, mientras que millones de musulmanes depositaron su fe inquebrantable en el Corán. Durante milenios, muchas de las cosas que pasaban por «noticias» y «hechos» en las redes sociales humanas eran relatos de milagros, ángeles, demonios y brujas, con valientes periodistas que informaban en vivo y en directo desde los pozos más profundos del inframundo. Carecemos de toda prueba empírica de que Eva fuera tentada por la Serpiente, de que las almas de los infieles ardan en el infierno después de morir o de que al creador del universo no le guste que un brahmán se case con una intocable; pero millones de personas han creído en estos relatos durante miles de años. Algunas noticias falsas duran para siempre. Soy consciente de que a mucha gente le molestará que equipare la religión con las noticias falsas, pero este es exactamente el objetivo. Cuando mil personas creen durante un mes algún cuento inventado, esto es una noticia falsa. Cuando mil millones de personas lo creen durante mil años, es una religión, y se nos advierte que no lo llamemos «noticia falsa» para no herir los sentimientos de los fieles (o provocar su ira). Adviértase, sin embargo, que no niego la efectividad ni la benevolencia potencial de la religión. Justo lo contrario. Para bien o para mal, la ficción figura entre las herramientas más eficaces de la caja de herramientas de la humanidad. Al unir a la gente, los credos religiosos hacen posible la cooperación entre personas a gran escala. Inspiran a la gente para que construya hospitales, escuelas y puentes, además de ejércitos y prisiones. Adán y Eva nunca existieron, pero la catedral de Chartres sigue siendo hermosa. Gran parte de la Biblia puede ser ficción, pero continúa haciendo feliz a miles de millones de personas y todavía puede motivar a los humanos para que sean compasivos, valientes y creativos, al igual que otras grandes obras de ficción, como _Don Quijote de la Mancha_ , _Guerra y paz_ y _Harry Potter_. De nuevo, algunas personas tal vez se ofendan porque compare la Biblia con _Harry Potter._ Si el lector es un cristiano de mente científica, podría justificar todos los errores y mitos de la Biblia aduciendo que el libro sagrado nunca se pensó para que se leyera como una narración basada en los hechos, sino como un relato metafórico que contiene una profunda sabiduría. Pero ¿esto no vale también para _Harry Potter_? Si el lector es un cristiano fundamentalista, es muy probable que insista en que todas y cada una de las palabras de la Biblia son literalmente ciertas. Supongamos por un momento que tiene razón, y que la Biblia es en efecto la palabra infalible del único Dios verdadero. Así pues, ¿qué hacemos con el Corán, el Talmud, el Libro de Mormón, los Vedas, el Avesta y el Libro de los Muertos egipcio? ¿No le tienta decir que dichos textos son ficciones complejas creadas por humanos de carne y hueso (o quizá por demonios)? ¿Y cómo considera el lector la divinidad de emperadores romanos como Augusto y Claudio? El Senado romano afirmaba tener el poder de convertir a los hombres en dioses, y después esperaba que los súbditos del imperio adoraran a estos dioses. ¿No era esto una ficción? De hecho, tenemos al menos un ejemplo en la historia de un falso dios que admitió la ficción por su propia boca. Como se ha indicado anteriormente, el militarismo japonés en la década de 1930 y principios de la de 1940 se basaba en la fe fanática en la divinidad del emperador Hirohito. Tras la derrota de Japón, Hirohito proclamó públicamente que tal divinidad no era cierta, y que después de todo él no era un dios. De modo que, aunque estemos de acuerdo en que la Biblia es la verdadera palabra de Dios, todavía tenemos a miles de millones de devotos hindúes, musulmanes, judíos, egipcios, romanos y japoneses que durante miles de años depositaron su confianza en ficciones. De nuevo, esto no significa que estas ficciones sean necesariamente inútiles o perjudiciales. Aún pueden ser hermosas e inspiradoras. Desde luego, no todos los mitos religiosos han sido igual de beneficiosos. El 29 de agosto de 1255 se encontró en un pozo de la ciudad de Lincoln el cuerpo de un niño inglés de nueve años llamado Hugh. Aunque no hubiera Facebook ni Twitter, rápidamente se propagó el rumor de que Hugh había sido sacrificado por los judíos locales en un ritual. El rumor no hizo más que crecer a medida que se contaba, y uno de los cronistas ingleses de más renombre de la época, Mateo de París, dio una descripción detallada y sangrienta de cómo judíos prominentes de toda Inglaterra se habían reunido en Lincoln para engordar, torturar y finalmente crucificar al niño secuestrado. Se juzgó a diecinueve judíos y se los ejecutó por presunto asesinato. Libelos sangrientos similares se hicieron populares en otras ciudades inglesas, lo que condujo a una serie de pogromos en los que se masacró a comunidades enteras. Al final, en 1290, se expulsó a toda la población judía de Inglaterra.[3] La historia no terminó aquí. Un siglo después de la expulsión de los judíos de Inglaterra, Geoffrey Chaucer (el padre de la literatura inglesa) incluyó un libelo sangriento fundamentado en el relato de Hugh de Lincoln en _Los cuentos de Canterbury_ («El cuento de la Priora»). El cuento termina con los judíos ahorcados. Libelos sangrientos parecidos se convirtieron luego en parte esencial de todo movimiento antisemita, desde la España medieval tardía hasta la Rusia moderna. Un eco distante pudo oírse incluso en el relato de «noticias falsas» de 2016 según el cual Hillary Clinton encabezaba una red de tráfico infantil que retenía a niños como esclavos sexuales en el sótano de una popular pizzería. El cuento lo creyeron los suficientes norteamericanos para que perjudicara la campaña electoral de Clinton, y una persona incluso fue a la pizzería armada con un fusil y exigió ver el sótano (resultó que el local no tenía sótano).[4] En cuanto a Hugh de Lincoln, nadie sabe cómo encontró en verdad la muerte, pero lo enterraron en la catedral de Lincoln y lo veneraron como santo. Se le atribuyeron varios milagros, y su tumba continuó atrayendo a peregrinos incluso siglos después de la expulsión de todos los judíos de Inglaterra.[5] No fue hasta 1955 (diez años después del Holocausto) cuando la catedral de Lincoln repudió el libelo de sangre, y colocó una placa cerca de la tumba de Hugh que reza así: Relatos falseados de «asesinatos rituales» de muchachos cristianos por parte de comunidades judías proliferaron en toda Europa durante la Edad Media e incluso mucho más tarde. Estas ficciones costaron la vida a muchos judíos inocentes. Lincoln tuvo su propia leyenda y la supuesta víctima fue enterrada en la catedral en 1255. Tales relatos no redundan beneficio del cristianismo.[6] Bueno, algunas noticias falsas solo duran setecientos años. ##### UNA VEZ UNA MENTIRA, SIEMPRE LA VERDAD Las religiones antiguas no han sido las únicas que se sirvieron de la ficción para consolidar la cooperación. En épocas más recientes, cada nación ha creado su propia mitología nacional, mientras que movimientos como el comunismo, el fascismo y el liberalismo pergeñaron complicados credos que se reforzaban a sí mismos. Según se dice, Joseph Goebbels, el maestro de la propaganda nazi y quizá el más completo mago de los medios de comunicación de la era moderna, explicó sucintamente su método al afirmar que «una mentira contada una vez sigue siendo una mentira, pero contada mil veces se convierte en una verdad».[7] En _Mein Kampf_ , Hitler escribió que «la más brillante técnica de propaganda no producirá ningún éxito a menos que siempre se tenga presente un principio fundamental: debe limitarse a unos pocos

+ \bra{-a^2 b +3 a-4 b^2}\nint{\b^2 n} \Big)\,, \end{align*} where $\Delta = -4 a^3+a^2 b^2-18 a b+4 b^3-27$ is the discriminant of $p$. In particular, $u$, $v$, and $w$ are {\gp} maps. Since $g$, $\Re(h)$ and $\Im(h)$ are generalised polynomials, it follows that $$ E_1 = \set{n \in \ZZ}{g(n)h(n)h^*(n) = 1} \text{ and } E_2 = \set{n \in \ZZ}{g(n)-n \in [-1,1)} $$ are {\gp} sets. Let us consider the set \[ \Lambda = \set{(x,y,z) \in \QQ^3}{ x + y\b + z\b^2 \in \cO_K} \,. \] Clearly, $\Lambda$ is a lattice. It follows that $\Lambda$ is a {\gp} subset of $\RR^3$. Indeed, if $\Lambda = A \ZZ^3$ for a matrix $A \in \mathrm{GL}(3;\RR)$, then \[ \Lambda = \set{x \in \RR^3}{ \fp{ \bra{A^{-1}x}_1} + \fp{ \bra{A^{-1}x}_2} + \fp{ \bra{A^{-1}x}_3} = 0}\, . \] Recalling that $u$, $v$, and $w$ are {\gp} maps, we conclude that \[ E_3 = \set{n \in \ZZ}{ g(n) \in \cO_K} = \set{n \in \NN_0}{ (u(n),v(n),w(n)) \in \Lambda } \] is a {\gp} set. Hence, $E_1 \cap E_2 \cap E_3$ is a {\gp} set by Proposition \ref{prop:cl:sets}, and it is precisely the set of all $n \in \ZZ$ which satisfy \eqref{cond:521:2}, as needed. Let us now consider the case where the fundamental unit of $K$ is some $\tilde\beta \neq \pm \beta$. We may assume that $\tilde \beta > 0$. Since $\beta$ is a unit, we have $\beta = \tilde\beta^k$ for some $k \in \NN$. It is straightforward to verify that $\tilde\beta$ is again a cubic Pisot unit with a pair of complex conjugates, say $(\gamma, \bar{\gamma})$, so the above discussion applies with $\tilde\beta$ in place of $\beta$. Set $\tilde n_i = \tilde\b^i + \gamma^i + \bar{\gamma}^i$, for every $i \in \NN_0$. Then $(\tilde n_i)_{i=0}^\infty$ satisfies a linear recurrence relation, and, for all sufficiently large $i$, we have $\tilde{n_i} = \nintnormal{\tilde\b^i}$ and $\tilde n_{i+1} = \nintnormal{\tilde\beta \tilde n_i}$. Furthermore, $\tilde E = \set{ \tilde n_i}{i \in \NN_0}$ is a {\gp} subset of $\NN_0$. One can find an integer $m$ such that the sequence $(\tilde n_i \bmod{m})_{i=0}^\infty$ is periodic with minimal period $\ell$ that is a multiple of $k$ \cite{Ward-1933} \footnote{More precisely, by \cite[Thm.\ 1]{Ward-1933}, it is enough to consider the case where $k$ is a power of a prime $p$. By \cite[Thm.\ 10.2 \& Cor.\ 3]{Ward-1933}, the period of $(\tilde n_i \bmod{p^N})_i$ is a multiple of the order of $\tilde \beta$ in $\mathbb{F}_q[\tilde\beta]^{\times}$, where $q = p^{N-C}$ for a constant $C$. In particular, the period of $(\tilde n_i \bmod{p^{N}})_i$ is a multiple of $k$ for sufficiently large $N$.} . Note that, for each sufficiently large $i$ and for each $j$, $0 \leq j < \ell$, we have \[ \nint{\tilde \b^j \tilde n_i} \equiv \tilde n_{i+j\bmod \ell} \bmod m \,. \] This allows us to identify, for each residue class $r$, $0 \leq r < \ell$, the elements $n \in \tilde E$ which take the form $n = \tilde n_i$ with $i \equiv r \bmod \ell$. With finitely many exceptions, these are precisely those $n \in \tilde E$ for which $\nint{\tilde \b^j \tilde n} \equiv \tilde n_{r+j\bmod \ell} \bmod m$ for all $j$, $0 \leq j < \ell$. It follows that the set $\set{\nint{\b^i}}{i \in \NN_0}$ differs by finitely many elements from \begin{equation}\label{eq:399:1} \set{ n \in \tilde E}{ (\exists\, 0 \leq a < \ell/k) \ (\forall\, 0 \leq j < \ell)\ \nintnormal{\tilde\b^j n} \equiv \tilde n_{ak+j} \bmod{m} }\, . \end{equation} Since the set in \eqref{eq:399:1} is a {\gp} set, and since the property of being a {\gp} set is preserved under finite modifications, we conclude that the set $\set{\nint{\b^i}}{i \in \NN_0}$ is also a {\gp} set. \end{proof} \begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{prop:pisot:rec}(ii)] Follows immediately from Theorem \ref{prop:pisot} and \cite[Prop.{} 5.1]{ByszewskiKonieczny-2018-TAMS}. \end{proof} \subsection{Concluding remarks} Let us now briefly discuss potential generalisations of Theorem \ref{prop:pisot:rec}. Let $p(x) = x^d - \sum_{i=1}^d a_ix^{d-i} \in \ZZ[x]$ be a monic irreducible polynomial of degree $d \in \NN$ with a root $\beta > 1$ which is either a Pisot unit or a Salem number, and let $\a_1,\a_2,\dots,\a_{d-1}$ denote the remaining roots. Much of the reasoning in Theorem \ref{prop:pisot} carries through to this more general context, except that the group of units of $\cO_{K}$ now no longer has rank $1$ (here, $K = \QQ(\beta)$). Adapting the argument, we can hope to show that \[ F = \set{ \operatorname{Tr}_{L/\QQ}(\mu) }{ \mu \text{ is a unit of } \cO_K} \] is a {\gp} subset of $\ZZ$, where $L = \QQ(\b,\a_1,\dots,\a_{d-1})$ is the splitting field of $p$. Consider also the sequence given by $n_i = \mathrm{Tr}(\beta^i) = \beta^i + \sum_{k=1}^{d-1} \a_k^i \in \ZZ$, and note that $n_i$ obeys the linear recurrence $$ n_{i+d} = \sum_{j=1}^d a_j n_{i+d-j}, \qquad i \in \NN_0\,. $$ Set $E = \set{ n_i}{i \in \NN_0} \cap \NN$. Note that the assumption on $\beta$ ensures that $n_i = \nintnormal{\b^i} + O(1)$ for all $i \in \NN_0$. In analogy with Theorem \ref{prop:pisot:rec}, one can ask if $E$ is a {\gp} subset of $\NN$. In the case where the group of units of $\cO_{K}$ has rank $1$, the set $F$ is essentially equal to $E$, which is one of the key observations behind the proof of Theorem \ref{prop:pisot}. In general, we have the inclusion $E \supset F$, but $E$ will usually be a proper subset of $F$ and there is no clear way of describing $E$ inside of $F$ with a {\gp} formula. In the case where $\beta$ is a Pisot number but not a unit, we have a negative result for $d = 1$: if $k \geq 2$ is and integer, then $E = \set{k^i}{i \in \NN_0}$ is not a {\gp} set. (We revisit this example in Section \ref{sec:neg}.) When $d \geq 2$, nothing is known, but, based on the previously mentioned result, it seems reasonable to expect a negative result. In the case where $\beta$ is neither a Pisot nor a Salem number ({\it i.e.}, either $\beta$ is transcendental or $\beta$ has a Galois conjugate with absolute value greater than $1$) nothing is known, and the techniques discussed in this section appear not to be applicable. We end this section with the following two general problems. \begin{problem} \begin{enumerate} \item Classify all sequences of positive integers $(n_i)_{i=1}^\infty$ satisfying a linear recurrence such that the characteristic word $\bb{1}_E$ of the set $E = \set{n_i}{i \in \NN_0}$ is a {\gpword}. \item Classify all real numbers $\beta > 1$ such that the characteristic word $\bb{1}_E$ of the set $E = \set{ \nint{\b^i} }{ i \in \NN_0}$ is a {\gpword}. \end{enumerate} \end{problem} \section{Negative results}\label{sec:neg} In this section we discuss the problem of proving that a given infinite word cannot be described by a generalised polynomial formula. We remark that, as a general principle, it is often harder to verify that a sequence does not admit a representation of a specified form than it is to find such a representation when it exists. This phenomenon is particularly prevalent from a computational point of view. For context, we also note that Allouche, Shallit, and Yassawi \cite{AlloucheShallitYassawi-2021} recently survey ways in which one can show that a sequence is not automatic. \subsection{General conditions} Let us now review criteria that can be used to show that a given infinite word $\bb a$ is not a {\gpword}. In principle, each ``positive'' result about {\gpwords} gives rise to such a criterion, and \emph{vice versa}. For each property $P$ which can apply to finitely-valued sequences, the implication ``\textit{If $\bb a$ is a {\gpword} then $P(\bb a)$}'' is tantamount to ``\textit{If $\neg P(\bb a)$ then $\bb a$ is not a {\gpword}}''. In practice, depending on the aesthetic appeal of the property $P(\bb a)$ and on the ease of verifying $\neg P(\bb a)$, one of these implications is more interesting than the other. The following proposition gathers several such properties that arise from positive results discussed earlier. \begin{proposition}\label{prop:neg:long-list} Let $\bb a$ be an infinite word defined over a finite alphabet $\Sigma$. Then $\bb a$ is not a {\gpword} if one of the following conditions hold. \begin{enumerate} \item\label{it:neg:long-list:0} There is $w \in \Sigma^*$ such that $\mathrm{freq}(\bb a,w)$ does not exist. \item\label{it:neg:long-list:1} There

Notes from the Chalkboard thoughts on public education by Justin Parmenter "Massive" Texas educator shortage a cautionary tale for North Carolina policymakers overhauling teacher licensure Posted on April 30, 2022 by JustinParmenter Like many states, Texas is currently facing a massive teacher shortage, with more than 10,000 classroom vacancies. But this state is unique in that its deep deregulation of teacher preparation has made the crisis even worse. Texas's school staffing woes provide an important cautionary tale for North Carolina as our decision makers craft a complete makeover of teacher licensure and compensation. In Texas, most new teachers don't enter the classroom through traditional university educator preparation programs. Instead, more than half the state's newest educators go through alternative certification routes. Such programs offer more flexibility and lower costs than universities, and to some extent they've helped diversify the teaching corps. However, limited state oversight of such programs means quality control is nearly nonexistent. As a result, they often produce teachers who aren't well prepared for the realities of life in the classroom. Those educators rarely stay in the profession for long. The largest alternative certification program in Texas is the for-profit "Texas Teachers of Tomorrow," a company which has expanded into a number of other states including North Carolina. (More on the North Carolina franchise later.) The company advertises its product as a speedy path to becoming a classroom teacher: Of course faster doesn't always mean better. A recent audit by the Texas Education Agency (TEA) found numerous problems with the Texas Teachers of Tomorrow program, including misleading advertising, failure to provide new teachers with mentors, and lack of research to support training materials. The agency is now considering whether to place TTOT on probation while it works to get its act together or revoke its right to operate in Texas entirely. The state is so far down the alternative certification road that revocation could make teacher shortages even worse than they already are. In order to better understand the impact of Texas's deregulation of teacher preparation, the University of Houston's College of Education took a deep dive into trends in the state's public school staffing, conducting a decade-long study which culminated with the 2021 release of the Texas Teacher Workforce Report. Researchers found that after 10 years 57% of teachers prepared through traditional university programs remained, while only 46% of those who came through for-profit programs like Texas Teachers of Tomorrow were still in the classroom. Back to North Carolina In the 2017-18 session, North Carolina state legislators passed a law called "Excellent Educators in Every Classroom" which opened up teacher preparation to entities that are not universities. (The same bill created the Professional Educator Preparation and Standards Commission, the group that is currently working on a proposal to reform licensure and compensation by moving to a system of merit pay.) The legislation was sponsored by then-state senator Chad Barefoot, and eyebrows shot up when news emerged that Teachers of Tomorrow president and frequent Republican donor Vernon Reaser had contributed to Barefoot's campaign. After the bill passed, Teachers of Tomorrow was authorized to operate as an educator preparation program in North Carolina. The company's billboards began popping up along the state's highways, again selling the quick path to the classroom: North Carolina Teachers of Tomorrow now refers to itself as "the largest North Carolina teacher license program" and, according to the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction Educator Preparation Program Dashboard, has a current enrollment of 1,326. The company's website boasts a number of glowing endorsements by "teachers" who have completed the program in North Carolina. Oddly enough, not one of them is listed in NCDPI's License Verification database, indicating none of those being used to sell the North Carolina Teachers of Tomorrow program actually holds a teaching license in this state. Perhaps the misleading advertising flagged by the Texas Education Agency wasn't an anomaly. The North Carolina officials who are promoting the state's new merit pay proposal keep talking about the need for additional "on ramps" for educators. State superintendent Catherine Truitt recently said, "Opening these doors into the profession for our teachers can turn into opening the doors of opportunity for our students." To be clear, we do need to ensure there are viable alternate pathways to the classroom and that our licensure system is resulting in a healthy, diverse teacher pipeline. But we must be sure that when we open those doors we do so with the understanding that teaching is a highly skilled profession. Our North Star must be our constitutional obligation to provide excellent teachers for every student. If we open North Carolina's doors to shoddy operators and poorly prepared teachers, there's no reason to think the results will be any different from the mess that's playing out in Texas. About North Carolina's proposal to move all educators to merit pay… Last week I sat down with NC Policy Watch director Rob Schofield to talk about a new proposal to scrap our state's experience-based pay scale for educators in favor of merit pay. Give it a listen! Some thoughts on North Carolina's teacher merit pay proposal… There is a proposal underway that would eliminate the compensation model that pays teachers based on their years of experience and instead move all North Carolina educators to a system of merit pay. You can direct thoughts on the process and draft proposal to Dr. Thomas Tomberlin here: Thomas.Tomberlin@dpi.nc.gov State Board of Education members will eventually vote on whether to approve the model, which is expected to be finalized in the coming weeks. If you'd like to share feedback with State Board members, their email addresses are: eric.davis@dpi.nc.gov alan.duncan@dpi.nc.gov olivia.oxendine@dpi.nc.gov reginald.kenan@dpi.nc.gov amy.white@dpi.nc.gov James.Ford@dpi.nc.gov Jill.Camnitz@dpi.nc.gov Donna.Tipton-Rogers@dpi.nc.gov JWendell.Hall@dpi.nc.gov john.blackburn@dpi.nc.gov mark.robinson@dpi.nc.gov dale.folwell@dpi.nc.gov NC state superintendent puts lipstick on the merit pay pig Posted on April 6, 2022 by JustinParmenter Today the Department of Public Instruction presented the State Board of Education with a draft proposal that would move the state's teachers from an experience-based pay scale to a system of merit pay. Or would it? When the presentation concluded, Board Member Jill Camnitz asked the following question: "I'd like to ask you to address something that we're hearing around this table in terms of the emails that we're receiving mostly from teachers across the state and that is a fear that this is merit pay…What's the difference? Is this merit pay?" DPI's Dr. Tom Tomberlin then launched into a rambling history lesson that didn't answer the question. When he was finished, State Superintendent Catherine Truitt jumped in. Superintendent Truitt started by reading a definition of merit pay which she had apparently Googled in preparation for the meeting: Here's how she attempted to explain away teacher worries about moving to merit pay: "I find it interesting that some of the concerns that have been raised in emails are around this concept of merit pay. The Department of Labor defines merit pay as 'pay for performance based on a set of criteria established by the employer.' I think in education there is a–and perhaps it's because of some of the history that Dr. Tomberlin just shared in our own state–there's a thinking that merit pay means tying teacher compensation to test scores. And I want to be very clear there's been some kind of incomplete and sometimes erroneous reporting in the media this past week about this model, and thank you for Dr. Tomberlin for kicking us off by reiterating that this is a model, that we are not voting on this at this time. This is something that if it were to be implemented, it would be two to three years away from implementation. We've got a long way to go with this. However, I want to be very clear that this is not a model that ties teacher compensation to test scores. So while EVAAS could be one way to move up in the model, move up the ladder so to speak, it is one way. There are multiple ways for teachers to move

should not affect the immediate release of the drug. Aqueous film coating is the quickest and least expensive method for enhancing the tablet appearance and, unlike other methods, will not affect dissolution or disintegration profiles. In the development of a solid oral dosage form such as film coated tablets, the choice of the core excipients is extremely important. Several aspects of the finished dosage form must be considered such as the nature of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), the intended delivery method of the API which in this case is immediate release, and the manufacturing process which in this case is either by direct compression or wet granulation. The tablet core must be able to withstand additional processing steps such as film coating and packaging. The film coating is also done to enhance aesthetic appearance of the final product. The film coating is the most economical method of enhancing the product i.e. improving visual appearance, as well as ease of swallowing and masking of objectionable taste. The film coatings can also impart mechanical integrity, color, and gloss and moisture protection to create an immediate release tablet that is effective. The tablet film coating conveys many benefits for the manufacturer such as improved packaging efficiency, prevention of cross contamination, reduced tablet breakage, chipping and imparting the color of choice. In this research it is intended to use commercially available one-step film coating system which combines polymer, plasticizer and pigment, as required, in a dry concentrate which is hydrated prior to use. The main advantage of using one-step film coating system include the elimination of separate inventories of polymer, plasticizer and pigment for the manufacturer which in turn reduces the time spent on testing, inventory procuring and carrying cost. 20.1The ideal film coating should a. Be water soluble. a. Be pH independent . b. Have taste masking performance of greater than 60 seconds in the mouth. d. Produce a smooth, robust tablet finish. Be compatible with water-based printing inks in case it is required to be surface printed. Improve efficiency by reducing the time required for coating process. time. e. Be able to be coated in both white and colour-matched pigmented systems. f. g. h. Be fully formulated as dry blend to reduce inventory levels and raw material testing i. j. Be able to be coated using standard coating equipment and techniques. Use water-soluble polymer because water could be used rapidly to clean the coating equipment after use. Enhances safety. Have base formula that only contains ingredients which meet the compendia requirements of all the major pharmacopeia (US, EU, JP). k. l. 20.2Film coating method. 20.2.1.1 Preparation of Coating suspension: The concentration of coating suspension should be 12 % w/w and the quantity of coating material should be 3-5 % of the quantity of tablet core. In a stainless steel container 30 liters of deionized water will be taken. The stirrer will be started and the ready mix tablet coat is added. The mixture will be stirred for forty five minutes. After the stipulated mixing time the mixture wil be filtered through nylon sieve mesh No- 70, into another clean empty vessel. The following coating parameters will be set Table 7 - Settings for Coating Suspension No 1 2 3 4 Parameter Inlet Temperature Spray Rate /gun Pan R.P.M. Atomizing pressure Value 800 C 10ml per 15 Seconds 2 4Kg/Cm 2 20.3Coating procedure: The dusted tablet cores will be loaded in the coating pan. The tablet core load will be heated on a stationary pan with intermittent jerking by slow movement till the tablet core load temperature reaches 35-45C . The spray gun will be checked by keeping it perpendicular to the heated tablet core bed. The spraying is effected in a manner that it covers the entire width of the tablet bed. The coating suspension is stirred continuously during the process. The spraying is continued until the coating suspension from the vessel is exhausted. 23vii 21 Evaluation Parameters of Tablets: PRE-COMPRESSION PARAMETERS: 21.1Evaluation of pre-compression parameters of powder-Micromeritic properties Prior to compression, the powder blend and granules will be evaluated for their flow and compressibility parameters. The flow properties of the powder blend and granules will be determined by the angle of repose method. The compressibility index of the powder blend and granules will be determined by Carrs index and Hauser ratio. 15.1Angle of repose. 15.2Bulk density. 15.3Tapped density. 15.4Hausners ratio Carrs consolidation index. 21.2Angle of repose ( ): It is defined as the maximum angle possible between the surface of a free standing pile of the powder and the horizontal plane. It is usually determined by fixed funnel method and is the measure of the flowability of powder/granules. This measurement gives at least a qualitative assessment of internal cohesive and frictional effects under low levels of external loading, as it might apply in tablet die. The frictional force in a loose powder or granules can be measured by angle of repose using following formula tan = h / r = tan-1 (h/r) Where, is the angle of repose, h is height of pile; r is radius of the base of pile. 21.3 Method of calculating Angle of Repose: A funnel fixed at a height is filled to the brim with the test sample and allowed to flow smoothly through the orifice under gravity until a maximum cone height (h) is formed on a paper sheet below .The radius (r) of the heap is also measured. The angle of repose is be calculated, there by evaluating the flow ability of the granules. The different ranges of flow ability in terms of angle of repose are given in the table below. Table 8 - Relationship between angle of repose and flow properties Angle of Repose () (degrees) <25 25-30 30-40 >40 Flow Excellent Good Acceptable Very poor 21.4Bulk density Bulk density is defined as the mass of a powder divided by the bulk volume. The bulk density of a powder depends primarily on particle size distribution, particle shape and the tendency of the particles to adhere to one another. Bulk density (BD) is determined by placing presieved drug excipients blend into a graduated cylinder and measuring the volume (VB) and weight (M) as it is. It can be calculated by use of following formula BD = M/VB 21.5Tapped density: The measuring cylinder containing a known mass of blend will be tapped for a fixed number of taps. The minimum volume (VT) occupied in the cylinder and the Weight (M) of the blend was measured. The tapped density (TD) will be calculated using following formula. TD = M/ VT 21.6Hausners ratio Hausners ratio is an index of ease of powder flow and is calculated by following formula. Hausners ratio = TD\ BD Where TD is the Tapped density and BD is the Untapped bulk density. Lower Haunser ratio (< 1.25) indicates better flow properties than higher ones (>1.25). 21.7Carrs compressibility index: The compressibility index of the powder blend /granules will be determined by Carrs compressibility index. The simplest way of measurement of free flow property of powder is compressibility. An indication of the ease with which a material can be induced to flow is given by % compressibility which is calculated as follows: CI = (TD BD) / TD * 100 The grading of the powders for their flow properties according to Carrs Index is given in Table 9 below. Table 9 - Grading of the powders for their flow properties according to Carrs index Consolidation Index (Carr %) 5 15 12 16 18 21 23 35 33 38 >40 Flow Excellent Good Fair to passable Poor Very poor Extremely poor 22 POST-COMPRESSION PARAMETERS. 22.1Evaluation of post-compression parameters of 24viii-25ix After compression, the tablets will be evaluated for their following characteristics 1. Physical appearance: Shape and colour. 2. Uniformity of thickness. 3. Hardness. 4. Friability test. 5. Weight variation test. 6. Drug content uniformity. 7. In-vitro

any means. Ray and I would like it to be legal and factual, not woven out of wishes. Also, for what it's worth, The Hill recently reported that Trump's approval ratings in his first 550 (or so) days has actually steadily risen over time, which is exceedingly rare for a U.S. President in recent memory (obviously, I'm not counting Bush Jr.'s post 9/11 ratings spike) – this, perhaps, because people had such a negative view of him in the beginning that there was more upside to be had. I really wish there was a way to edit comments immediately after posting. This is the thing I dislike about the new posting system the most. F.G. Like you ripped a Page out of the MASH playbook with the Hot Lips reference, as I was Struck by your clever worded wittiness. Joe F.G.- You've outdone yourself with this one! Bravo! F. G., i must admit that i love you thou i appose you, i must admit your lexicon and unabashedly brilliant thought process touches Van Gogh In it's depths of time perception and cadence / as if marching band commanded precedence over intricacies Of The Game. Thanks for some much needed comic relief in this ugly affair F.G. LOL!! Mild-ly, here's the deal. Before the election, it would appear that the Executive Branch set in motion a Constitutionally forbidden effort to subvert the rule of law. It conspired to subvert an election using intelligence community assets. After the election, the Judicial branch took up the mantle and co-involved the Legislative branch. This unfettered perversion of The Constitution, the rule of law and separation of powers is far more egregious than any real or imagined transgression President Trump may have committed. There is NO EVIDENCE WHATSOEVER of Russian government interference in the election. While a string of U.S. Presidents have engaged in wars of aggression – the supreme international crime, President Trump has not initiated any new ones. The supreme domestic crime, on the other hand, is subversion of The Constitution. I'd put it above murder and mayhem. Even treason, which could hypothetically be committed for rational reasons, is not as reprehensible. The oath I swore was to the U.S. Constitution. And yes, I'm damn glad Hillary Clinton didn't get elected. Like it or not, President Trump remains less guilty of any real or perceived impeachable offenses than his four immediate predecessors. They're trying to do to him exactly what they did to JFK. They're just not using bullets. Until somebody can come up with evidence otherwise, President Trump is the legally elected and lawfully serving President. As long as this goes on, we are in danger of completely destroying the Republic. By the way, I consider myself a steadfast FDR/JFK Democrat…not that it will change your mind. Just sayin'. Gregory Herr Now that's getting down to brass tacks. Thanks for this beautifully concise explanation. I agree wholeheartedly. AMY GOODMAN: So, this interview that Trump did with The Sun—and for people in the United States to understand, this tabloid, owned by Rupert Murdoch—in which he praised Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson, who resigned earlier this week. This is what he said. PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: I was very saddened to see that he was leaving government. And I hope he goes back in at some point, because I think he's a very—I think he's a great representative for—for your country. I was very surprised and saddened that he was getting out of government. And you lost some other very good people. Well, I'm not pitting one against the other. I'm just saying I think he'd be a great prime minister. AMY GOODMAN: Now, I don't know if Donald Trump's presence and his words make you feel any sympathy for the prime minister, Theresa May, Gary–But This Explosive Interview Where He's Basically Endorsing The Person Who Will Be Her Competitor, right, Boris Johnson? GARY YOUNGE: Yeah, I mean, there is a touch here of the chickens coming home to roost, right? I mean, not only is he insulting immigrants and Muslims and the London mayor and so on, but he's actually insulting his hostess, the very person who invited him. And it's as though, you know, the term "diplomacy" never happened. He comes out of Europe, out of the NATO summit, having pretty much insulted everybody, and then said, "Well, I think that went quite well." And now here he is. (AS IS TRUMP) – – – Boris Johnson is a buffoon. He is an incredibly—he's from a, you know, very upper-class background. He went to Eton, which is the same school that the queen's kids go to and, actually, David Cameron, the previous Tory prime minister, went to. You don't get much more elite than that. He has gone in print talking about smiling "piccaninnies" with their "watermelon smiles." I mean, he's—and he was a terrible foreign secretary. And the reason he resigned, having been a significant part of the Brexit campaign, is really not as a point of principle—I'm not sure that he has many of those—but as a point of ambition, that they went to Checkers, which is the prime minister's residence, and she laid out her Brexit policy, which, you know, is not a great policy because Brexit is not a great idea. And Johnson said it was like "polishing a turd." Then he said he'd support it anyway. Then, within about 48 hours, someone else had resigned, and he thought, "Oh, here's my chance maybe. Here's my chance, so I should resign, too." This is not a man of principle. He's not our future prime minister. He's a very, very bad joke that's been played on both this country and the rest of the world. http://www.democracynow.org https://www.democracynow.org/2018/7/13/in_uk_trump_insults_theresa_may Mildly- How does your reply have anything to do with F.G.'s statement of the situation? Your BLIND hatred for Trump keeps you from understanding the depth of the horror of the Deep State's creation of the RussiaGate propaganda. You are unhinged. Amazing, isn't it Skip? A complete non sequitur of a response whereby everything F. G. referred to blew right over his head. What Mild-ly, Gary Younge, or anyone else thinks of Trump is completely beside the point of what Mild-ly was supposedly "responding" to. Great. 3rd weekend in a row I've caught the moderation bug. If this gets read in 2 or 3 days Skip, you will understand why you might hear a lot less from me. So tiresome. Dear Wildly – Facistious…. Mary V Kim Louth Thanks so much for shsring this ckever bit if comic relief. You are amazing! Thanks FG! Mild - ly Facetious Trump — Russia Narrative ? or a New World Autocratic Imperative of White Nationalism? WITCH (yes, witch) is the craft pushing Bannon/Trump ideals of racial superiority / isolation? (… the thief comes not but to steal, kill and destroy https://caitlinjohnstone.com/2018/07/14/five-things-that-would-make-the-ciacnn-russia-narrative-more-believable/ Or would you Other wise recall/remember the Extreme Nationalism of Trump — Russia Narrative ? or the New World Autocratic Imperative of White Nationalism? as presented by Norway's murderous assassin Anders the White Nationalist who systematically shot and killed 70 Norwegian teenagers ??? Must you be reminded, in any way, of NATIONALIST FERVER as it exists in Northern and Eastern Europe – — where Trump is BUILDING his Now Nationalist Base … ? wake the ruck up, you Ichabod Cranes's -.-.-.- Trump is the Revivalist of Eastern Europe's and Putin's Eastern Orthodox Catholic Church. (World / European History's Deeply Embedded Roots …) Still waitin'. (for a year and a half now). Mild-ly, Pity your faint gift is so blindly mis-directed… Mildy F, read my reply to FG above. It is also my reply to you. @ Mild- ly – Facetious Oh goodness… never mind the Strawman Argument aspect of this ridiculous post. This qualifies as a non-sequitur. And a rambling and incoherent one at that. I award you negative points, and may God have mercy on your soul. backwardsevolution This back-and-forth requesting of documents by the House Intelligence Committee, only to then receive heavily redacted documents from

Do I need a permit to rent a dumpster in Snellville? If this is your very first time renting a dumpster in Snellville, you may not know what is legally permissible in regards to the placement of the dumpster. If your plan is to put the dumpster entirely on your own property, you are not generally required to acquire a permit. If, however, your project requires you to place the dumpster on a public road or roadway, this will usually mean that you need to apply for a permit. It is always wise to consult your local city or county offices (maybe the parking enforcement office) if you have a question about the requirement for a permit on a road. If you fail to obtain a permit and find out later that you were required to have one, you'll probably face a fine from your local authorities. In most dumpster rental in Snellville cases, though, you should be just fine without a permit as long as you keep the dumpster on your property. If you are looking to rent a dumpster in Snellville, one of your main concerns is going to be price. There are generally two pricing options available when renting a dumpster in Snellville. Flat rate is pricing dependent on the size of the dumpster, not the amount of stuff you place in it. Per ton pricing will charge you based on the weight you need hauled. One kind of pricing structure is not always more expensive than the other. If you know exactly how much stuff you need to throw away, you might get a better deal with per short ton pricing. On the other hand, flat rate pricing can assist you to keep a limit on costs when you are coping with unknown weights. Whether you regularly rent dumpsters for work or just want a one-time rental for a project around the house, you need to search around to find the best rental prices based on your needs. Determining where to put your dumpster can have a large impact regarding how fast you complete jobs. The most efficient option is to pick a location that is close to the worksite. It is necessary, nevertheless, to consider whether this location is a safe choice. Make sure that the area is free of obstacles that could trip individuals while they carry heavy debris. Many individuals decide to place dumpsters in their driveways. This really is a convenient choice because it generally means you can avoid asking the city for a license or permit. If you need to place the dumpster on the road, then you definitely should get in touch with your local government to ask whether you need to get a license. Although many municipalities will let people keep dumpsters on the road for short amounts of time, others are going to ask you to complete some paperwork. Following these rules will help you stay away from fines that will make your job more costly. One of the most significant things to do when you are contemplating a construction or remodeling job is to plan ahead. Part of that process will likely be studying your dumpster needs for the job. Knowing ahead of time how dumpster rental in Snellville works will make things easier when you begin the process. It's possible for you to find a lot of the general advice you need online, but for advice specific to your area, you will need to call your local business. Be sure to ask about any hidden or extra fees so that you do not get stuck with a surprise bill. One of the greatest parts of your research will be determining the correct size container you need to rent based on the size of the job. This may be your biggest price, so be sure to get a size that's large enough to survive for the whole job. Other problems to research first comprise a potential place for the container, the kind of waste which you're throwing away and the length of time you'll need the dumpster. The smallest size roll off dumpster usually available is 10 yards. This container will hold about 10 cubic yards of waste and debris, which is roughly equivalent to 3 to 5 pickup truck loads of waste. This dumpster is a good option for small-scale projects, like little dwelling cleanouts. Other examples of projects that a 10 yard container would work well for include: A garage, shed or attic cleanout A 250 square foot deck removal 2,000 to 2,500 square feet of single layer roofing shingles A little kitchen or bathroom remodeling project Concrete or soil removal Getting rid of rubbish Bear in mind that weight constraints for the containers are enforced, thus exceeding the weight limit will incur additional costs. The standard weight limit for a 10 yard bin is 1 to 3 tons (2,000 to 6,000 pounds). One of the greatest concerns you probably have when renting a dumpster in Snellville is how much it will cost. One of the greatest approaches to negate this anxiety would be to get accurate information. When you phone to get a price quote, have a good idea of how much waste you will need to get rid of so you may get the very best recommendation on dumpster size. In the event you are unsure on the quantity of waste, renting a size bigger will save you the extra expense of renting a second dumpster if the first proves too little. Supply any information you think is relevant to be sure you do not end up paying for services that you do not really need. Some companies charge by the container size, while others charge by weight. Be sure you understand which is which so you've a clear estimate. Likewise, be sure to ask whether the estimate you receive includes landfill chargesthis is going to keep you from being surprised by an additional fee later. Depending on the size of your endeavor, you may need a little or large dumpster that can hold all of the debris and left over stuff. The most frequent dumpsters include 10-yard, 20-yard, 30-yard, and 40-yard models. When you are in possession of a little endeavor, for example clearing out a garage or cellar, you can probably benefit from a 10-yard or 20-yard dumpster. When you have a bigger endeavor, for example a complete remodel or building a brand new house, then you will probably need a 30-yard or 40-yard dumpster. Many people choose to rent a bigger dumpster than they believe they'll need. Although renting a bigger dumpster costs more money, it is more economical than having to an additional dumpster after a little one gets full. What if I need my dumpster in Snellville picked up early? When you make arrangements to rent a dumpster in Snellville, part of your rental agreement contains a given duration of time you're permitted to use the container. You normally base this time on how long you think your project might take. The larger the project, the the more time you'll need the dumpster. Most dumpster rental firms in Snellville give you a rate for a certain number of days. If you exceed that amount of days, you'll pay an additional fee daily. In case the project goes more rapidly than expected, you might be finished with the dumpster sooner than you anticipated. If that is true, give the dumpster company a call and they'll likely come pick your container up early; this will permit them to rent it to someone else more immediately. You usually will not get a discount on your own rate should you ask for early pick up. Your rental fee includes 7 days (or whatever your term is), whether you use them all

Author: Megan March 11, 2022 March 11, 2022 MeganLeave a comment This is good news for us, and all who've requested the ability to reorder images once uploaded to their Photos page on EDITH. It's done! Translation of the above image for those not using Jira agile project management software: You can use this feature now. Please check it out. Meanwhile, still to come: the ability to crop and reposition images. Thanks for your patience. February 27, 2022 February 27, 2022 MeganLeave a comment Several people have asked, so here's what we wrote in our last email exchange about it: EDITH has multiple and overlapping inspirations. I wanted a name that nodded to the original inspiration of editing and valuing the work of the editor. I've also worked a lot with non-native speakers and appreciate the quirks of "Global English" pronunciations—where the short "e" of edit might be inadvertently swapped out for the long "e" of Edith. Then there are female artists whose work has impacted us: Edith Wharton, whom I associate with my adopted hometown of New York, and Edith Piaf. Once I'd chosen EDITH, Edith-y coincidences started popping up. For instance, I found out the woman—incredibly hard-working, entrepreneurial, funny, and cheerful—who owns and operates the wine bar down the block is named Edit, the Hungarian version of Edith. I'd known her in a chatty, neighborly way for a few years but had never actually learned her name. Anyhow, at that point the name seemed fated; less my choice than chosen for us. February 26, 2022 March 2, 2022 MeganLeave a comment I hope the end of what was an extraordinarily challenging week for many finds you well. We'll jump right in: We want to get some EDITH test projects started in the next two weeks. We've heard from people hoping to take the next step with a long-languishing book idea, we've heard from someone who just needs to meet the right collaborator first. We heard from a long-lost friend who really needs a marketing ally. And meanwhile, we need more people to try out EDITH's "checkout" transaction flow, and to give us feedback. So here goes. Some needs and requests: "I have a SUPER (by super I mean SUPER) rough draft of a children's book called The Compassion Cafe that I wrote up a few years ago. I think the thing has some potential, but it needs a lot of work. It's all sing songy…its…I don't know." But a developmental editor who specializes in children's literature would know, which is where you, reading this, may enter the picture. If you are a developmental editor with experience in children's books, who likes working with first-time authors, please get in touch and we'll put you in touch with this individual, who is great. A typesetter! I've a short manuscript that's been 80% done for a long time. I hope to declare it 100% done later this spring and would love to have a professional ready to work on the interior layout. Are you a typesetter? Please get in touch, or send one our way. Know anyone who speaks Italian, likes literary fiction, and is skilled at marketing? We heard from a writer / painter / tennis instructor who lives near the Italian Alps and whose publisher didn't do much for his novel, which came out in 2017. Please note that he is not a character in a Wes Anderson movie but a real, lovely person. If you can help him, let us know. EDITH needs a social media and marketing intern. Please write to megan@tryedith.co if you're interested or wish to introduce me to someone who is. And meanwhile: Many thanks to Eli Zeger for bringing Wefunder to our attention. After sorting through some paperwork and other legalities, we hope to be up there soon. Improvements to the UI to make EDITH a happier place for illustrators and graphic designers are underway, slowly but surely. "While they're happening, most breakthrough projects look anything but extraordinary. Rarely does the Universe tap you on the shoulder and say, 'Dot your i's and cross your t's here because this is the one.' Either every piece of work is special or none of them are." The latest essay from The Maven Game was on point. TNPS, or The New Publishing Standard, offers a glimpse into the global publishing world. It's run by a fellow who lives in Gambia and is sponsored by StreetLib, an Italian digital content distribution company we are rooting for because we know their story and CEO (and CTO in a on-Zoom sense) and they're truly dedicated to their cause of books, books everywhere, anywhere in the world. Back in the U.S., in an email sent to literary agents earlier this month, Penguin Random House CEO Markus Dohle sought to reassure agents that PRH's acquisition of Simon & Schuster wouldn't mean the bidding process for books would become less competitive. Indeed, he wrote, Simon & Schuster editors would be allowed to bid against PRH editors for book projects "at any advance level without the need for any external bidder involved." This "long-standing commitment to allowing imprints to bid against one another," Dohle continued, "reflects our belief that competitive bidding allows us to find the best match for a book and editor, therefore enabling PRH to publish great books." Yeah maybe. I don't believe competitive bidding for book projects increases the winning publisher's chance of having a good author-editor match. I believe it encourages authors to sign with the highest bidder, even when that bidder's editorial skills, or their whole vibe, may not be what the author or their project needs. It happens. I wouldn't blame any author for making that choice (and I've made it myself!). But the idea that the powers-that-be in the current traditional publishing system have given any serious thought as to how to achieve good author-editor matches is funny because it's not true. What's the bookstore situation in your area? Let us know. Here in New York, within a one-mile radius of the EDITH offices, in the last five years, we have gained one new bookstore (Yu and Me Books), one new bookstore / wine bar (Book Club Bar), one highly Instagrammed used bookstore (Sweet Pickle Books), one tiny new and used bookstore (Codex), and finally there's another new bookstore opening up (P&T Knitwear) later this spring. This has to be part of a broader trend, no? Along those lines, a friend of EDITH brought Dundee Book Company in Omaha, Nebraska, to our attention. "A couple bought an old home and made the front parlour into a little tiny bookstore." Fun. The ceramic doodad (Christmas ornament?) here is from Dots and Lines Pottery in Cary, North Carolina, which we discovered at the Lucky Tree coffee shop and bakery in Raleigh. EDITH Office Hours will return this Friday, March 4, 12:00PM EST. The meeting link is here: meet.google.com/ouo-kwso-ibg. Some EDITH providers asked for the ability to make finer distinctions when listing the literary genres they specialize in, and we've accommodated nearly all such requests. Thanks to everyone for your patience. February 9, 2022 February 9, 2022 MeganLeave a comment Last weekend was a blizzardy, deep freeze weekend in New York, so we mostly stayed indoors, which given these last couple years of intermittent lockdowns and quarantines, felt like overkill. So we devoted a few hours to Kondo-ing the EDITH offices. The conversation during last Wednesday's Office Hours proved inspiring. Talk turned to making space for new ideas and new prospects, and the possibility that one might have to make space mentally and literally—as in physically move actual stuff out of your way. So I opened the file cabinet in which I've stored papers pertaining to past client projects and upon sifting through a few folders, realized most of it could go. I no longer needed them

que provoca efectos más hermosos».**********, ¿Podía realmente Morell utilizar aquella droga dura? El momento de partir para la importante cita con Mussolini se acercaba. El paciente A estaba apático, se retorcía y no hablaba con nadie. Morell sabía que el Eukodal reanimaría inmediatamente al Führer y eliminaría el estreñimiento espasmódico que padecía, probablemente de origen psicológico. Pero también podía figurarse que si el dictador, afín a las drogas, probara la hipotética ambrosía, ya no querría dejarla debido al claro efecto antidepresivo que garantizaba. Solo tras dos o tres semanas de consumo regular, el Eukodal crea dependencia física en personas propensas. ¿Pero acaso no estaba en juego la historia del mundo? Nadie podía imaginar lo que pasaría si Hitler no estaba a la altura en la reunión al más alto nivel de las potencias del Eje o si faltaba a la cita. Morell debió de sopesar ventajas e inconvenientes. Finalmente, decidió correr el riesgo e inyectó la nueva droga por vía subcutánea. Una decisión de graves consecuencias. Ficha del paciente A del verano de 1943: aparece por primera vez el narcótico Eukodal. La inmediata transformación del paciente A en los minutos y horas posteriores a la administración de la sustancia fue tan sorprendente que no pasó desapercibida a ningún miembro de la comitiva, de la misma manera que tampoco nadie, por supuesto, llegó a conocer la causa de tan repentino cambio de humor. Todos respiraron con el empujón energético momentáneo del «Jefe» y, altamente motivados, hicieron los preparativos para el encuentro con los italianos. Hitler se encontró de pronto tan bien que pidió inmediatamente una segunda ronda, pero Morell, por el momento, se negó «porque aún quedan importantes reuniones que mantener y decisiones que tomar antes de la salida prevista para las 15:30 horas». En su lugar, le propuso un masaje y una cucharada de aceite de oliva, pero aquello no iba con Hitler, quien, de pronto, dijo que se mareaba y que el viaje peligraba. No se sabe si el Führer ordenó que le administraran una nueva dosis de la potente droga o si Morell actuó por iniciativa propia. El caso es que el médico de cabecera le puso una segunda inyección, esta vez intramuscular: «Una ampolla de Eukodal i. m. antes de salir camino al aeródromo». Los informes de todos los testigos presenciales, así como un dosier redactado después de la guerra por los servicios secretos estadounidenses, confirman que, durante la reunión con Mussolini celebrada en la Villa Gaggia cercana a Feltre, en Venecia, Hitler actuó sobreexcitado. El Führer estuvo hablando sin parar tres horas seguidas, intentando persuadir con voz ronca a su colega dictador, quien, agotado, no tomó la palabra ni una sola vez y se limitó a permanecer sentado en la esquina de un gran sillón, impaciente, con las piernas cruzadas y agarrándose convulsivamente una rodilla. En realidad, Mussolini quería convencer a Hitler de que lo mejor para todos era que Italia se saliera de la guerra, pero lo único que pudo hacer fue amasarse su dolorida espalda de vez en cuando, secarse la frente con un pañuelo y suspirar profundamente. Constantemente alguien abría la puerta y le informaba sobre los bombardeos que estaban teniendo lugar en Roma, pero ni siquiera de eso podía hablar a Hitler, quien no dejaba de describir con lenguaje pomposo a los confundidos presentes los motivos por los que no se podía dudar de una victoria del Eje. El Führer, artificialmente venido arriba, tenía al deprimido Duce contra las cuerdas. Resultado de la reunión: Italia no se iba, de momento. Morell se sintió ratificado, como si con sus jeringas hubiese hecho alta política, y anotó engreído en su diario: «El Führer está bien. Tampoco ha sufrido molestias durante el vuelo de vuelta. Por la noche, ya en Obersalzberg, ha declarado que el éxito de la jornada se debe a mí». Después de la guerra, los agentes estadounidenses estuvieron a una molécula de distancia de la verdad farmacológica cuando sospecharon de la metanfetamina como el desencadenante de la conducta vivaracha de Hitler en el encuentro con Mussolini. No aportaron ninguna prueba. El hecho de que pasaran por alto el Eukodal explícitamente citado por Morell se debe a que, en las traducciones oficiales al inglés de las casi indescifrables anotaciones del médico de Hitler, el United States Forces European Theater Military Intelligence Service Center cita erróneamente un tal «Enkadol» entre los incontables medicamentos de Hitler. Pero como en los registros de narcóticos no constaba ningún medicamento con este nombre, no se le dio mayor importancia. A los investigadores no se les ocurrió que podía tratarse de Eukodal, sobre todo porque en Estados Unidos no se conocía ningún medicamento con este nombre comercial. La mala letra del médico llevó a los expertos estadounidenses por el camino equivocado. Los servicios secretos estadounidenses no lograron descifrar la letra de Morell. Eukodal El Eukodal es una mezcla de C (cocaína) y morfina. Cuando se trata de pergeñar algo realmente pérfido, hay que contar con los alemanes. William Burroughs Con la introducción de la nueva droga, Morell, a quien un resentido Göring llamaba «maestro de las jeringas del Reich», dio el salto definitivo. El médico de cabecera era el único habitual en las tertulias de té nocturnas —un verdadero barómetro para saber quién gozaba de las simpatías de Hitler—, mientras que los otros asistentes se iban alternando. «Sencillamente, él debía estar allí», dijo Traudl Junge, la última secretaria de Hitler, al describir cómo había crecido la importancia de Morell, cuya relación con Hitler hacía tiempo que era simbiótica. Desde el punto de vista económico, las actividades del doctor también habían dado sus frutos. De hecho, se había forrado. En este primer año de Eukodal, 1943, pensó cómo seguir ampliando sus proyectos y decidió entrar activamente en el negocio del opio. Se trataba de un sector muy lucrativo, ya que la sustancia empezaba a escasear debido al aumento de la demanda. Con la derrota de Rommel en África y el desembarco de los británicos y estadounidenses en Casablanca, el Imperio alemán quedó apartado de los campos de adormideras de Marruecos. Además, la situación militar global había cerrado las rutas de suministro procedentes de Persia y Afganistán. En el Reich, el conglomerado químico IG Farben/Hoechst llevaba desde 1937 buscando un sustitutivo totalmente sintético de la morfina natural, pero el producto en el que se investigaba —y que posteriormente se llamaría polamidona o metadona— todavía estaba en fase de desarrollo. Mientras tanto, la necesidad de un analgésico realmente efectivo crecía a pasos acelerados, sobre todo en los trenes hospital del ejército. Los opiáceos eran un bien preciado, especialmente en una guerra total como aquella, donde la cifra de cuerpos de soldados malheridos era interminable. Morell no habría sido Morell si no hubiera visto aquí otra fuente rebosante de dinero, así que se las ingenió y consiguió ampliar su extensa red de empresas en solitario, por teléfono y carta, desde su despacho de trabajo en el cuartel general del Führer. En Riga, la capital letona, adquirió una empresa llamada Farmacija por el simple hecho de estar provista de un laboratorio de opio y un interesante stock: «El almacén, valorado en cerca de 400 000 marcos del Reich, contiene una partida de morfina bruta y opio de aproximadamente 200 000 marcos». De esta manera también se aseguraría discretamente las reservas para el paciente A. Hasta ese momento, todos los suministros se habían gestionado a través de la farmacia Engel de Berlín, pero últimamente el boticario Jost había pedido en distintas ocasiones «las recetas para registrarlas en el libro de sustancias estupefacientes, tal como exige la Ley de Narcóticos». Así, con el médico personal de Hitler convertido en verdadero productor de opio, una nueva página se abría en esta historia cuando la Wehrmacht tuvo que retirarse del Frente Oriental:

the tons of manure that flow from dairies. Drinking water in many of these areas is also contaminated with the cancer- causing DBCP. A pesticide that also causes sterility, DBCP was banned in 1977 but persists in groundwater. When tests show their wells are contaminated, water agencies regularly warn their customers to drink bottled water instead. But that can be expensive, particularly for residents of tiny rural districts, many of whom are impoverished farmworkers. Once groundwater supplies are contaminated, small water districts rarely have the resources to put in new wells or provide the treatment necessary to bring their water up to safe standards. As The Bee's Susan Ferriss reported last week, the state has been less than diligent in helping districts address what is a serious health hazard in too many communities. Frustrated activists in the Central Valley are pushing legislation that would declare clean drinking water a human right. Assembly Bill 1242 by Ira Ruskin, D-Los Altos, specifically establishes a human right to clean, affordable and accessible water. The bill, which has passed the Assembly and is pending in the Senate, seeks to clarify existing state law that has long given priority to domestic water users. Proponents hope it gives health officials greater incentive and authority to address the problem of contamination. But the bill does not appropriate any money to make sure that people get the clean water they need, and that's the real barrier here. Though state voters have passed bond measures that provide $230 million for water cleanup, and the federal government provides tens of millions more, a 2007 study estimated that it will cost $39 billion and take 20 years to bring drinking water in California up to federal health standards. But not every remedy needs new money. The state is not using all the resources now at its disposal to protect public health. A simple example contained in The Bee story is illustrative. Last year, the tiny Tulare community of Alpaugh was barred from obtaining a state grant to build an arsenic treatment system because of a temporary freeze placed on such grants. But when the freeze was lifted in April, no one from the state bothered to inform officials at Alpaugh. More also needs to be done to address the source of pollution. Tulare is home to more dairies than any other county in the world, a major reason nitrate contamination of groundwater is so pervasive there. The state has the power to force dairies to control waste from their operations. The dangerously elevated levels of nitrate in groundwater suggest that's not being done. Whether or not California declares that the delivery of clean water is a right rather than simply a public service, the state can and should be doing more to see that all its residents have access to the water they need to sustain their lives Urgent Action Alert: Stop the Legislative Road Map to the Peripheral Canal...Dan Bacher I urge you right now to sign this petition and to send letters to your Legislator to to save the California Delta and stop the peripheral canal, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's "Big Ditch." This massive government pork barrel project would cost anywhere from $10 to $40 billion at a time when the state has slashed funding for childrens' health care, teachers and state parks. California Senators and Assemblymembers are now pushing a package of five bills through the Legislature in a fast-track process that serves as a road map to the peripheral canal. The five bills are: AB 39, the Delta Plan (Huffman), AB 49, Water Conservation (Feuer), SB 12, Delta Governance (Simitian), SB 229, Water Use Reporting (Pavley) and SB 458, Delta Conservancy (Wolk). "AB 39 and SB 12 are bullets aimed at the heart of the Delta estuary and its fisheries," according to Bill Jennings, executive director of the California Sportfishing Protection Alliance. The governance of the California Delta would be turned over to a seven member commission with four of the seven appointed by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, who has repeatedly stated he will build the peripheral canal and additional water storage facilities regardless of the public's desires and wishes. This is the same Governor who has presided over the collapse of Central Valley Chinook salmon, Delta smelt, longfin smelt, striped bass, green sturgeon and other fish populations. The bill package amounts to an unprecedented attack on the Public Trust Doctrine by redefining the Public Trust as merely "coequal" to water supply reliability. The bill also subverts the state water code. "The bills are a thinly disguised attempt to reallocate the state's water and represent a back-door attack on 130 years of California water law and legal precedent," said Jennings. We must stop this legislative attack on our imperiled fisheries, the public trust and state water code. There is no reason for the Legislature to push this poorly written and environmentally destructive bill package through at this time, other than to enable Schwarzenegger, the worst Governor for fish and the environment in California history, to build his peripheral canal to increase water exports to corporate agribusiness. I also urge you to send out this alert from the California Sportfishing Protection Alliance (CSPA) to everybody you know and post wherever you can! Click HERE: http://www.calsport.org/8-22-09.htm Here is the action alert from Mike McKenzie, followed by an analysis of the Bill by Bill Jennings: You can save the Delta and stop the canal: Sign the petition, write your legislators, http://www.calsport.org/8-22-09.htm... Mike McKenzie August 22, 2009 -- Our state legislature is now considering a slate of five bills, the "Delta Bill Package" For the most part, these bills have no real substance but are merely outlines and feel good statements of the legislature's intent to solve the delta's problems. Other portions of the bills actually work against the delta's best interests. This includes the concept that agricultural water rights are co-equal to environmental rights, and the lack of provisions for the restoration of our fisheries or the recovery of our world famous Chinook Salmon and steelhead runs. The governance of the delta would be turned over to a seven member commission with four of the seven appointed by the governor, a man who has repeatedly stated he will build the peripheral canal and additional water storage facilities regardless of the public's desires and wishes. The commission would have the power to fund and construct these facilities without the vote of the legislature or the consent of the voters. These bills would disenfranchise the citizens of California on what could be the greatest issue shaping California's environment and economy for the next hundred years. The senate and assembly will hold joint "policy" hearings and "conference" committee hearings during the next two weeks with a vote by the full legislature the week after. This is being done in a big push to hurry up and get it done in the last three weeks of the legislative session. CSPA believes the Delta's future and health is far too complicated to be considered in a hurry up bill program jammed through the legislature in three weeks. It needs a much more thoughtful process and more input from those that would be adversely affected as well as the public who will pay for it (in more ways than one!) There is no reason for this bill package not to be put over until next year's legislative session. With real thought and through the normal legislative process, the legislature could come up with a real bill package that would serve the needs of the estuarine environment and its fisheries as well as serving California's water needs. We DO NOT need to destroy the Delta and our fisheries for the sake of political expediency! It is urgent that as many folks as possible write their legislative representatives to stop this process and sign

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Home Baby Health Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Newborn Baby Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Newborn Baby Aliya Khan Dr. Gunjan Baweja (Paediatrician) View more PaediatricianOur Panel of Experts What Is a Diaphragmatic Hernia? How Common Is Diaphragmatic Hernia in Newborn Babies? Types of a Diaphragmatic Hernia Diagnosis and Tests Risks and Complications When Your Child Will Be Discharged How Will Your Child Recover? Can You Prevent Diaphragmatic Hernia in Your Child? Diaphragmatic Hernia, also known as a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a very rare form of congenital disability that happens in about one in 3000 pregnancies. It is an abnormality that occurs in the foetus as it is developing in early pregnancy. An opening in the diaphragm which separates the abdomen from the chest causes organs in the abdominal cavity to move into the chest cavity. It results in underdeveloped lungs and related breathing problems once the baby is born. CDH can be detected early and treated during pregnancy or post-delivery. The diaphragm is a flat and wide muscle that separates the abdomen from the chest cavity. It begins to form in the foetus when it is about 8 weeks old. When the diaphragm fails to form completely it leaves a hole behind which leads to a defect termed as a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Most of the CDHs occur on the left side, and the gap allows the organs of the abdomen such as the intestine, stomach, liver, spleen and kidneys to be pushed into the chest of the foetus. When these organs move into the chest cavity, they occupy the space which the lungs would normally need, to develop fully. This affects the development of one or both lungs. The foetus doesn't need lungs to breathe in the womb as the placenta provides all the oxygen. When the baby is born with CDH however, the lungs are too small to provide sufficient oxygen for the baby to survive. A diaphragmatic hernia in infants can be treated surgically with good chances of recovery. A diaphragmatic hernia is a relatively rare type of hernia in newborns. Numbers show that one in every 2500 to 3000 births have cases of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. A diaphragmatic hernia can be divided into two types: 1. Bochdalek Hernia The Bochdalek Hernia accounts for about 80 to 90 per cent of the cases and involves the side and back of the diaphragm. Organs such as the stomach, spleen, liver, and intestines normally move up into the chest cavity. In this type, the diaphragm may not develop completely, or the intestine may become trapped while the diaphragm is forming. 2. Morgagni Hernia A Morgagni hernia is extremely rare and accounts for about 2 per cent of the cases. It involves a hole in the front part of the diaphragm. It is characterised by the liver and/or the intestine pushed up into the chest cavity. A diaphragmatic hernia is a condition that involves multiple factors; both genetic and environmental. Some of the reasons for a diaphragmatic hernia in babies include: Chromosomal and genetic abnormalities that lead to deformation during the formation of tissues Nutritional problems that cause incomplete development of the diaphragm In cases such as Morgagni hernia, there is the improper development of the tendon that runs along the middle of the diaphragm 40% of babies with a diaphragmatic hernia have other problems such as underdeveloped lung tissue and blood vessels in the area. It is unclear whether a diaphragmatic hernia causes the underdeveloped tissues or it's the other way around The signs of a diaphragmatic hernia in infants include: Difficulty in breathing is the first sign of CDH. As soon as the baby is born its lungs can't function properly as the chest cavity is overcrowded. Rapid breathing, also known as tachypnea is seen in babies with CDH. As the oxygen levels are low, the lungs try to compensate by breathing at a faster rate. Discolouration of the skin is also seen when there isn't enough oxygen in the body. This makes it appear blue (cyanosis). Rapid heart rate (tachycardia) is a symptom as the heart tries to pump harder to supply the body with oxygen. Diminished or absent sounds of breath in the baby. This is common in a CDH as the baby's lung would not have developed fully. The sound of breathing is almost absent or difficult to hear on the affected side. Bowel sounds are heard in the chest cavity as a part of the intestine is in the chest. A congenital diaphragmatic hernia is often diagnosed before the baby is born. About half of the cases are discovered during a routine ultrasound exam of the fetus. Red flags such as an increased amniotic fluid in the uterus are often a sign. If it goes unnoticed in the ultrasound exams during pregnancy, there are signs and symptoms the babies show of CDH after they are born. Based on the symptoms the doctor may go for the following tests to diagnose CDH: X-ray examination Ultrasound scan for real-time imaging of the chest cavity CT scans which offer a direct viewing of the abdominal and chest cavity MRI scans that can give a precise evaluation of the organs Depending on the severity, children can have a recurrence of CDH after treatment which might require subsequent surgeries. Respiratory problems occur commonly in infants with CDH. They have pulmonary hypertension (restricted blood flow to the lungs) and might need oxygen at home. They are also susceptible to infections from viruses such as the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Babies also have gastrointestinal issues such as nutrition and oral aversion and Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Bowel obstruction and constipation can also occur when the intestines are surgically moved back into the abdomen. As they grow older, they also have problems related to skeletal development, hearing and developmental delays. The treatment for CDH depends on how severe the condition is and what the safest options are which yield desirable results in the long run. If the CDH in the baby is severe, it may be treated while still in the womb using a technique called percutaneous foetal endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO). Being a complicated procedure, it may only be available in certain multi-speciality hospitals FETO uses keyhole surgery to place a tiny balloon in the baby's windpipe. Done around 26-28 weeks of pregnancy, the balloon stimulates the baby's lungs to develop. It is removed later during pregnancy or during birth FETO being a complex operation carries the risk of ruptured membranes and premature labour. The specialist can advise and guide you on your options If the CDH is not severe, waiting without intervening is a preferred option Surgery is the first step of how a diaphragmatic hernia is treated after birth. CDH requires urgent surgery and may be performed as early as 48 to 72 hours after the delivery. Before the surgery, babies will have to be kept in Neonatal intensive care since CDH is life-threatening. To help them breathe, they will be placed on a breathing apparatus called a mechanical ventilator. Once the baby's condition is stable, surgery is performed to move the stomach, intestine and other organs back into the abdomen. The hole in the diaphragm is then repaired. Most babies will have to stay under Neonatal intensive care after the surgery to help them breathe until they can do so on their own. Depending on the severity of the CDH, their stay may vary from about 3 to 12 weeks in intensive care. The baby will remain on a ventilator after surgery until its lungs can recover enough to breathe. The intestines will also need time to recover and work properly. During this time the baby will be drip-fed the necessary food and nutrition. Once ready, they can have small amounts of breast milk or formula-fed through a tube that goes into their tummy. As they get better, they can be breast or bottle-fed directly. The congenital diaphragmatic hernia has no known prevention.

« Point of No Return on Political Union "Tell Me Who to Kill?" » Increase in the Cost of Premium Gas Published on September 26, 2008 in General T&T and Politics. 9 Comments EDITOR: The dismantling of the fuel subsidy has begun, as was predicted by the Food and Fuel Forum, which for the past couple of weeks has been distributing a bulletin linking the dismantling to the upcoming signing of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). The 25% increase in the price of premium gasoline has been presented by the Minister of Finance as an imposition on those who can bear it, insinuating that it is the privileged in society who use premium gasoline and that it will have no effect on transportation costs. This is gross deception, because automobile technology demands the use of premium and it is disingenuous (a big word for deceitful) to say that once diesel has not (yet) been raised transport costs will not increase. What may result is that taxis as an integral part of the transport system may become a thing of the past and the extra-legal PH cars, another integral part of the transport system in many areas, will raise their fares to compensate for the increase in premium gas and the anarchy on the roads will escalate. The provision of more PTSC buses, while laudable does not make for a comprehensive transportation system. After all is said and done, the gas subsidy is being dismantled. Is diesel next? If so, then the cost of living will continue to shoot up all around. With no focus on fighting inflation and the continuation of its non-policy on agriculture and food security, the government is setting the stage for a nightmare scenario where the struggle for economic survival will consume working people and the poor. In such a situation working people and the poor will move to protect themselves. These circumstances will intensify the conditions leading to general strikes, mass rebellion and insurrection. Gerry Kangalee 9 Responses to "Increase in the Cost of Premium Gas" Uttam Dookhran Ok….this government has to be joking….recently didnt the government talk about using premium gasoline as a method of being environmentaly friendly? Now, they come back and say that taxi drivers, use super and continue to…..Now i have recently joined the travelling public, and have obviously realised that the majority of taxi cars use premium gasoline as their fuel….hmmm…one would say that all those ministers, who has transport allowances and non tax on vehicles, never travelled before in their life, and realise that most vehicles being designed by most car companies require a certain octane in the structure of the gasoline to provide the best performance of the vehicle…The Honarable Minister of Finance is saying that advertisements are going to be place ( tax payers money) to educate citizens, on the difference of super and premium gasoline….All i can do now is just wonder if these ministers would put super in their hundred thousand dollar vehicles….or yeah….dont think so….they could afford PREMIUM all the way…. Neil La Bellot Good point Dookhran! It clearly shows the nature of the system we have in place in T&T. Anyone who read the budget, especially that ridiculous part about taxi drivers and poor people not needing premium, should be totally disgusted and awaken to the fact that the country has been and continues to be skillfully divided into two classes. "Those who can afford products and food" and "those who cannot". There is no reason for a hike in petrol in T&T, especially since right next door, Venezuelan gas has remained steady at 12 CENTS A GALLON! Yes i said 12 CENTS A GALLON! That extra dollar will go directly into the pockets of the ministers as they emulate their USA masters. Manning him self being directly involved in "Oil affairs" given his back ground as a geologist and as a former oil field worker, and even though he does not have the same structural abilities to exploit the people in the manner he would like e.g (the established Bush family "interest" in oil companies). His government does have enought inside knowlege to pull the wool over the head's of the people of T&T. That as it is. We must understand that this is a problem that will continue to plague us as long as we have the immoral British westminster system in place in T&T. A system that makes British Petroleum (BP) "the country's largest hydrocarbon producer, accounting for more than 67% of national production of oil and gas". and "exploration and production licences covering 904,000 acres" in T&T. After this sort of sell out, the government obviously will turn to the people to exploit the remaining dregs of oil left for T&T. Thus the unjustified $1.00 increase and the ridiculous excuse given by Finance Minister Karen Nunez-Tesheira. We must also understand that "any" opposition party's rebuttal of such a criminal budget will easily appear to represent the true voice of the people as in the case of the UNC and COP, but do not be fooled, they represent the same multi party, "economic hitmen" politics, to quote the deputy leader of the opposition Kamla Persad-Bissessar. That sell's out the nations resources to the multinationals of the USA, Britain and to a lesser degree Germany. What we have to start doing is to refuse to give credence to one party, while denouncing the other. It's is a trap that they have set for us as a nation! This trap was set by making sure that we were left with the worst system of government known to mankind by the British. A multi party system that is responsible for "DIVIDE AND RULE" a system that has mastered the art of cutting up nations Like India and Africa creating the problems we have today like Pakistan and Somalia. We have to start to see our selves through our "own" eyes. Not through the lenses of Britain and America. We need new laws that will represent "all" the nationals of T&T and not just the rich. But a re-writing of the constitution by the PNM or UNC/COP will not do. Let's be clear! Are we not men equal to the British and Americans? capable of devising laws of which to govern the people of T&T? Laws which can be better that those outdated divisive one's created behind the backs of the people inside the corrupt walls of parliament. Why do we need the British courts to be the last word on justice in T&T in 2008? Why replace the British system with the failed American model? which is what the government and opposition will be setting out to do if they have their way? Change is on the way in T&T for sure, because the people will not continue to be fooled by multi party politics, which they instinctively know does not have their interest at heart, at all. But we have to guard against the wolves who will try to sell a new constitution to the people, Just like the foxes in America are trying to win a loosing battle by selling Obama as their savior. The goal of both the wolves and foxes are to impede the revolution of the people that is clearly on the way. One T&T. One Caribbean. Super vs premium gas Having read all the garbage with regards to the use of unleaded super 92 octane gasoline in the modern day fuel injected Engines I feel compelled to enlighten folks about the use of unleaded super and unleaded premium Gas. Super unleaded a viable alternative to premium gas The best way to economise on fuel is to buy the cheapest grade of gasoline that your vehicle can use without endangering its engine. One way to reduce what you spend at the pump is to use super unleaded, instead of premium-in other words,

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Been lurking around here for a while and finally signed up, a lot of great info here. We have been looking for a MH for a few years and we're closer to pulling the trigger on one, or at least we thought we were. We're not in a hurry and will wait if needed to save more to get what we should; doing it right is more important to us than doing it right now. In a few posts I see people saying the quality of new(er) MH have degraded and the older ones are a better bet. So that begs the question, what would we give up going with a 10-20yo MH vs a newer one? What should we expect to deal with in terms of repairs and updating in an older one? Here's our details, we're in our early 50s looking for our first MH, we will want to tow our Jeep and most of the time it will just be myself and wife. For the next 7-10yrs we'll probably just use it for weekend trips and a week or two a few times a year. Once we retire we plan to use it more and maybe, do FT for a year of so, but we'll see how the next 7-10yrs go. We are looking at a 30'-36' one because we can store it in our 40' pole barn. We have never had a diesel vehicle and aren't knowledgeable on them, but in past post it looks like we should be considering one. One other point, while I am somewhat handy/not afraid to get my hands dirty, I feel comfortable making adjustments as needed, but would probably pay an expert to do anything more than that to a MH. So any info and advise you can provide would be appreciated. TIA. I am a DIYer, comfortable doing the majority of mechanical work on my motorhome. In fact, I'd almost say it a hobby. Older will be less expensive and may be a better fit into a financial equation, especially considering the unknown of where and how the MH will be used. Older will not have some of the technology that may be found in newer, i.e. HDMI, Satelite radio/TV, remote controls of various equipment. The more you know about what your looking at, the better position you'll be in to identify a good deal. i.e. if you don't know to check tire dates, you may purchase a MH that has tires that need to be replaced, NOW.. Tire replacement could easily add several thousand dollars to the cost. Older is generally proven. i.e. systems that are well built are still serviceable. systems that are not have been identified as problematic, AND perhaps solutions have been identified. The one issue with older MH is maintenance.,. Components may be approaching end of life. i.e. furnace blower motors may start squealing. Awning braces may be cracking. dual pane windows may be fogging. I have a 20 year old Southwind gasser. This was Fleetwoods top of the line gasser. I do a lot of what I call "Preventive replacement / maintenance" I subject the equipment, mainly the chassis, to this test. What is the cost of replacing a functional piece of equipment verses what are the consequences of it failing.. i.e. replacing a 20 year old $15 cam position sensor. If it fails, the engine quits until I install a new one.. So I replaced the original, even though it was still working. I gave up that big payment and taken it back to a dealer that in many cases has a for hire sign RV Technician needed. Oh in my my case a smaller Class A gets in to the National Parks 33' 6". I have heard at the very minimum at least look for one a couple years over new. A lot of the newer ones are being put out quickly they figure they will fix everything once it is out there. I bought a 2005 this year and I have an issue with the heater, that when I take it in it works perfectly but when I bring it home it does not want to kick on. They also resealed the window and now it is leaking, but they are taking care of all of it even though it is used. The dealership has been great with working with us on it. Just take your time and find the one that is right for you. I have a 2002 28 ft class A Safari Trek that I bought in 2016, which was a relatively upper end model when built. In my experience what one gives up is very little, many of the bells and whistle technology items can be retrofitted, though many of them I could care less about. I don't need color changing lighting, central control of everything on a touch screen, etc. old fashion light switches and wall mounted thermostat work fine for me, though I have upgraded the old florescent tube light fixtures to LED, and added some technology upgrades, things like TPMS tire monitors, replaced the old low res backup camera with a modern HD unit, I may even replace the 6 year old flat panel TV installed by a previous owner with an updated model this year. Of course at some point the term switches from older to vintage, antique, etc. and over the years there have been advancements in engines, transmissions, chassis, design, etc. Personally for me I put the dividing line on gas coaches at around the year 2001 with the introduction of the 8.1L engine on Workhorse chassis coaches, and 1999 with the introduction of the 6.8L on Ford F53 chassis coaches. Good years and bad years for diesels get a lot more complicated, and newer is not necessarily better due to all the complicated emissions compliance stuff that was added to diesels after 2007. All good info. As far as basic features you won't give up anything. They all have indoor plumbing, heating and cooling, bathroom, kitchen, dining table, couch, TV, etc. There could be some advanced technology convenience features that are not present. Sometimes these become an inconvenience and may be costly to repair. A used coach will not have a warrant, however Extended Service Plans are available in some cases for coaches up to 18 years old. We've had one for the past 2 1/2 years for about $1100/yr. it covers major mechanical and all house systems. Pretty much everything except normal wear and tear items. Many 8-12 year old or older coaches have received upgrades over the years such as HDTV, inverter, AC units, etc. Ours had 6 month old tires and house batteries and a newer inverter and shocks as well as some coach specific upgrades we considered important. Cosmetically most new coaches seem to be either sterile industrial or Vegas casino, neither of which appeals to us. Ours is more neutral and we plan to change the window treatments, the sofa upholstery and remove the carpet. In the ballpark of $100K you will find hundreds of 8-12 year old Class A diesels that originally listed for $350-500K or more. For $100K new you're looking at the lowest quality entry level gassers. I'd categorize myself as you have in terms of being handy. I've done some thing on the coach that I wasn't sure I could do. At a rally next year I'm going to every gear head seminar offered to learn more. Caution should be used when looking at a coach that has spent all or most of it's life in Michigan or other areas that salt the roads. At the risk of sounding insensitive, there are many people who sell a coach due to health reasons. Often times these are well maintained and loved coaches that can no longer

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