data/Class10-English-jefp106.pdf-39.csv

,Board,Class,Subject,ChunkData,Book
0,CBSE,Class10,English,"The Making of a Scientist
Richard Ebright has recieved the Searle Scholar Award and the Schering Plough Award for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
It was his fascination for butterflies that opened the world of science to him.READ AND FIND OUT
• How did a book become a turning point in Richard Ebright’s life?
• How did his mother help him?
AT the age of twenty-two, a former ‘scout of the year’ excited the scientific world with a new theory on how cells work.
Richard H. Ebright and his college room-mate explained the theory in an article in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
It was the first time this important scientific journal had ever published the work of college students.
In sports, that would be like making the big leagues at the age of fifteen and hitting a home run your first time at bat*.
For Richard Ebright, it was the first in a long string of achievements in science and other fields.
And it all started with butterflies.
An only child, Ebright grew up north of Reading, Pennsylvania.
“There wasn’t much I could do there,” he said.
“I certainly couldn’t play football or baseball with a team of one.
But there was one thing I could do — collect things.”
So he did, and did he ever!
Beginning in kindergarten, Ebright collected butterflies with the same determination that has marked all his activities.
He also collected rocks, fossils, and coins.
He became an eager astronomer, too, sometimes star-gazing all night.
* A home run in the game of baseball is when the batter scores a run after running safely around all bases and back to the home plate without stopping.
A ball hit out of the playing field is also called a home run.
Getting a paper published at the age of fifteen in a scientific journal is here compared to scoring a home run while batting for the first time.
From the first he had a driving curiosity along with a bright mind.
He also had a mother who encouraged his interest in learning.
She took him on trips, bought him telescopes, microscopes, cameras, mounting materials, and other equipment and helped him in many other ways.
“I was his only companion until he started school,” his mother said.
“After that I would bring home friends for him. But at night we just did things together.
Richie was my whole life after his father died when Richie was in third grade.”
She and her son spent almost every evening at the dining room table.
“If he didn’t have things to do, I found work for him — not physical work, but learning things,” his mother said.
“He liked it.
He wanted to learn.”
And learn he did.
He earned top grades in school.
“On everyday things he was just like every other kid,” his mother said.
By the time he was in the second grade, Ebright had collected all twentyfive species of butterflies found around his hometown.
(See following box.)
Species and Sub-species of Butterflies Collected in Six Weeks in Reading, Pennsylvania
Gossamer-Winged Butterflies
• white M hairstreak
• acadian hairstreak
• bronze copper
• bog copper
• purplish copper
• eastern-tailed blue
• melissa blue
• silvery blue
Snout Butterfly
Wood Nymphs and Satyrs
• eyed brown
• wood nymph (grayling)
Monarchs
• monarch or milkweed
Whites and Sulphurs
• olympia
• cloudless sulphur
• European cabbage
Brush-footed Butterflies
• variegated fritillary
• Harris’s checkerspot
• pearl crescent
• mourning cloak
• painted lady
• buckeye
• viceroy
• white admiral
• red-spotted purple
• hackberry
“That probably would have been the end of my butterfly collecting,” he said.
“But then my mother got me a children’s book called The Travels of Monarch X.”
That book, which told how monarch butterflies migrate to Central America, opened the world of science to the eager young collector.Species and Sub-species of Butterflies Collected in Six Weeks in Reading, Pennsylvania
Gossamer-Winged Butterflies
• white M hairstreak
• acadian hairstreak
• bronze copper
• bog copper
• purplish copper
• eastern-tailed blue
• melissa blue
• silvery blue
Snout Butterfly
Wood Nymphs and Satyrs
• eyed brown
• wood nymph (grayling)
Monarchs
• monarch or milkweed
Whites and Sulphurs
• olympia
• cloudless sulphur
• European cabbage
Brush-footed Butterflies
• variegated fritillary
• Harris’s checkerspot
• pearl crescent
• mourning cloak
• painted lady
• buckeye
• viceroy
• white admiral
• red-spotted purple
• hackberry
“That probably would have been the end of my butterfly collecting,” he said.
“But then my mother got me a children’s book called The Travels of Monarch X.”
That book, which told how monarch butterflies migrate to Central America, opened the world of science to the eager young collector.Gossamer-Winged Butterflies
• white M hairstreak
• acadian hairstreak
• bronze copper
• bog copper
• purplish copper
• eastern-tailed blue
• melissa blue
• silvery blue",jefp106.pdf
1,CBSE,Class10,English,"Wood Nymphs and Satyrs
• eyed brown
• wood nymph (grayling)Monarchs
• monarch or milkweedWhites and Sulphurs
• olympia
• cloudless sulphur
• European cabbage
Brush-footed Butterflies
• variegated fritillary
• Harris’s checkerspot
• pearl crescent
• mourning cloak
• painted lady
• buckeye
• viceroy
• white admiral
• red-spotted purple
• hackberry
“That probably would have been the end of my butterfly collecting,” he said.
“But then my mother got me a children’s book called The Travels of Monarch X.”
That book, which told how monarch butterflies migrate to Central America, opened the world of science to the eager young collector.Brush-footed Butterflies
• variegated fritillary
• Harris’s checkerspot
• pearl crescent
• mourning cloak
• painted lady
• buckeye
• viceroy
• white admiral
• red-spotted purple
• hackberry
“That probably would have been the end of my butterfly collecting,” he said.
“But then my mother got me a children’s book called The Travels of Monarch X.”
That book, which told how monarch butterflies migrate to Central America, opened the world of science to the eager young collector.The Making of a Scientist 33 Footprints without Feet34
At the end of the book, readers were invited to help study butterfly migrations.
They were asked to tag butterflies for research by Dr Frederick A. Urquhart of the University of Toronto, Canada.
Ebright’s mother wrote to Dr Urquhart, and soon Ebright was attaching light adhesive tags to the wings of monarchs.
Anyone who found a tagged butterfly was asked to send the tag to Dr Urquhart.
The butterfly collecting season around Reading lasts six weeks in late summer.
(See graph below.) If you’re going to chase them one by one, you won’t catch very many.
So the next step for Ebright was to raise a flock of butterflies.
He would catch a female monarch, take her eggs, and raise them in his basement through their life cycle, from egg to caterpillar to pupa to adult butterfly.
Then he would tag the butterflies’ wings and let them go.
For several years his basement was home to thousands of monarchs in different stages of development.
Number and Kinds of Butterflies Collected in Six Weeks
Gossamer-Winged
Wood Nymphs and Satyrs
Brush-Footed
Whites and Sulphurs
Monarch
Snout
0
1
2
3 4 5
6
7 8 9 10
Number Collected
“Eventually I began to lose interest in tagging butterflies.
It’s tedious and there’s not much feedback,” Ebright said.
“In all the time I did it,” he laughed, “only two butterflies I had tagged were recaptured — and they were not more than seventy-five miles from where I lived.”Number and Kinds of Butterflies Collected in Six Weeks
Gossamer-Winged
Wood Nymphs and Satyrs
Brush-Footed
Whites and Sulphurs
Monarch
Snout
0
1
2
3 4 5
6
7 8 9 10
Number Collected
“Eventually I began to lose interest in tagging butterflies.
It’s tedious and there’s not much feedback,” Ebright said.
“In all the time I did it,” he laughed, “only two butterflies I had tagged were recaptured — and they were not more than seventy-five miles from where I lived.”Gossamer-WingedWood Nymphs and Satyrs
Brush-FootedWhites and Sulphurs
Monarch
Snout
0
1
2
3 4 5
6
7 8 9 10
Number Collected
“Eventually I began to lose interest in tagging butterflies.
It’s tedious and there’s not much feedback,” Ebright said.
“In all the time I did it,” he laughed, “only two butterflies I had tagged were recaptured — and they were not more than seventy-five miles from where I lived.”MonarchSnout
0
1
2
3 4 5
6
7 8 9 10
Number Collected
“Eventually I began to lose interest in tagging butterflies.
It’s tedious and there’s not much feedback,” Ebright said.
“In all the time I did it,” he laughed, “only two butterflies I had tagged were recaptured — and they were not more than seventy-five miles from where I lived.”Number Collected
“Eventually I began to lose interest in tagging butterflies.
It’s tedious and there’s not much feedback,” Ebright said.
“In all the time I did it,” he laughed, “only two butterflies I had tagged were recaptured — and they were not more than seventy-five miles from where I lived.”READ AND FIND OUT
• What lesson does Ebright learn when he does not win anything at a science fair?
• What experiments and projects does he then undertake?
• What are the qualities that go into the making of a scientist?",jefp106.pdf
2,CBSE,Class10,English,"Footprints without Feet36
Ebright and his college room-mate, James R. Wong, worked all that night drawing pictures and constructing plastic models of molecules to show how it could happen.
Together they later wrote the paper that explained the theory.
Surprising no one who knew him, Richard Ebright graduated from Harvard with highest honours, second in his class of 1,510.
Ebright went on to become a graduate student researcher at Harvard Medical School.
There he began doing experiments to test his theory.
If the theory proves correct, it will be a big step towards understanding the processes of life.
It might also lead to new ideas for preventing some types of cancer and other diseases.
All of this is possible because of Ebright’s scientific curiosity.
His high school research into the purpose of the spots on a monarch pupa eventually led him to his theory about cell life.
Richard Ebright has been interested in science since he first began collecting butterflies — but not so deeply that he hasn’t time for other interests.
Ebright also became a champion debater and public speaker and a good canoeist and all-around outdoors-person.
He is also an expert photographer, particularly of nature and scientific exhibits.
In high school Richard Ebright was a straight-A student.
Because learning was easy, he turned a lot of his energy towards the Debating and Model United Nations clubs.
He also found someone to admire — Richard A. Weiherer, his social studies teacher and adviser to both clubs.
“Mr Weiherer was the perfect person for me then.
He opened my mind to new ideas,” Ebright said.
“Richard would always give that extra effort,” Mr Weiherer said.
“What pleased me was, here was this person who put in three or four hours at night doing debate research besides doing all his research with butterflies and his other interests.
“Richard was competitive,” Mr Weiherer continued, “but not in a bad sense.”
He explained, “Richard wasn’t interested in winning for winning’s sake or winning to get a prize.
Rather, he was winning because he wanted to do the best job he could.
For the right reasons, he wants to be the best.”
And that is one of the ingredients in the making of a scientist.
Start with a first-rate mind, add curiosity, and mix in the will to win for the right reasons.
Ebright has these qualities.
From the time the book, The Travels of Monarch X, opened the world of science to him, Richard Ebright has never lost his scientific curiosity.
ROBERT W. PETERSONROBERT W. PETERSONThe Making of a Scientist 37
GLOSSARY
leagues: groups of sports clubs or teams playing matches among themselves county: region starling: common European bird (with black, brown-spotted plumage) which nests near buildings and is a good mimic entomology: the study of insects eureka: a cry of triumph at a discovery (originally attributed to Archimedes) canoeist: a person who paddles a canoe, a light boatGLOSSARY
leagues: groups of sports clubs or teams playing matches among themselves county: region starling: common European bird (with black, brown-spotted plumage) which nests near buildings and is a good mimic entomology: the study of insects eureka: a cry of triumph at a discovery (originally attributed to Archimedes) canoeist: a person who paddles a canoe, a light boatThink about it
1. How can one become a scientist, an economist, a historian ?
Does it simply involve reading many books on the subject?
Does it involve observing, thinking and doing experiments?
2. You must have read about cells and DNA in your science books.
Discuss Richard Ebright’s work in the light of what you have studied.
If you get an opportunity to work like Richard Ebright on projects and experiments, which field would you like to work on and why?
Talk about it
1. Children everywhere wonder about the world around them.
The questions they ask are the beginning of scientific inquiry.
Given below are some questions that children in India have asked Professor Yash Pal and Dr Rahul Pal as reported in their book,
Discovered Questions (NCERT, 2006).
(i) What is DNA fingerprinting? What are its uses?
(ii) How do honeybees identify their own honeycombs?
(iii) Why does rain fall in drops?
Can you answer these questions?
You will find Professor Yash Pal’s and Dr Rahul Pal’s answers (as given in Discovered Questions) on page 75.
2. You also must have wondered about certain things around you.
Share these questions with your class, and try and answer them.
• ‘Journey by Night’ by Norah Burke
• Children Who Made It Big by Thangamani
• School Days by Tom Brown
Footprints without Feet38
Suggested reading",jefp106.pdf