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Occupational Health .
W1565046374
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Referring to secondary sources
648,361
Correctional Health .
W1565046374
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Previous research: Approaches taken
830,936
Parish Health .
W1565046374
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Referring to a single investigation in the past: researcher prominent
823,676
Home Health .
W1565046374
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Transition: moving to the next result
850,468.9375
THE FUTURE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING .
W1565046374
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Transition: moving to the next result
700,936
Health in the Global Community .
W1565046374
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Describing the limitations of the current study
701,523.0625
Community Health Nursing Making a Difference
W1565046374
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Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)
863,324
By means of a proposed hypothetical cycle the lattice energies of binary alkaline earthgroup VI ionic crystals are calculated from those of the alkali halides with reasonably good agreement.
W2017818553
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Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
774,238
Received 13 June 1957DOIhttpsdoi.org10.1103PhysRev.108.191957 American Physical Society
W2017818553
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Noting implications of the findings
841,524
Pharmacological manipulations to enhance 5HT synthesis and release have been reported to reduce alcohol intake.
W186951047
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Reporting positive and negative reactions
621,402
However, recent evidence indicates that 5HT3 receptor antagonists may also exert a similar effect in a number of species.
W186951047
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Identifying a controversy within the field of study
730,916.9375
This report reviews the existing data which implicates a central role for 5HT3 receptors in the control of psychoactive substance abuse.
W186951047
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Highlighting inadequacies or weaknesses of previous studies (also refer to Being Critical)
656,527
In experiments performed on anaesthetized rabbits the pattern of resting activity in renal postganglionic neurons during sustained increase in blood pressure BP was investigated.
W1120739291
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Pointing out interesting or important findings
703,864
Resting discharge was recorded in 39 single units.
W1120739291
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Referring to data in a table or chart
717,216
Sustained increases in BP by about 20 mm Hg were evoked by i.v. infusion of phenylephrine 15 μgkgmin.
W1120739291
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Advising cautious interpretation of the findings
744,932.9375
From interspikeinterval histograms accumulated for each neuron, the shortest, preferred and longest interspikeintervals were calculated.
W1120739291
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Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views
790,728
The mean discharge rate was also measured.
W1120739291
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Noting implications of the findings
746,727.0625
During elevation of BP the shortest interspikeinterval lengthened from control value of 7.2 0.2 ms S.E. to 17.4 8 ms, preferred interval increased from 28.3 5.7 ms to 80.7 12.9 ms, and longest interval lengthened from 6440 396 to 7431 387 ms. The discharge rate decreased from 1.437 0.2 to 0.973 0.2 spikess.
W1120739291
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Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
696,552
All changes were statistically signifi cant P 0.05.
W1120739291
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Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study
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Elevated BP lowered correlation coeffi cient between the shortest interval and discharge rate from r 0.347 P 0.03 to r 0.186.
W1120739291
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Stating the aims of the current research (note frequent use of past tense)
701,938
Immediate eff ects of elevated BP on pattern of discharge of single renal neurons most probably resulted from the central eff ect of phenylephrine on altered interactions between cells generating activity in vasomotor neurons.
W1120739291
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Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas
744,464
A reversible affinity inhibitor of rat lens aldose reductase RLAR, that can be transformed into an irreversible inhibitor by low doses of Xrays or by exposure to light, has been synthesized and characterized.
W1974036347
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The inhibitor consists of quercitrin, a reversible receptor binding moiety, that is connected through a hexanediamine spacer to an azido containing moiety which becomes chemically reactive when irradiated.
W1974036347
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This reagent, N2nitro4azidophenylhexamethylenediamineN3Oquercit rin, NAPHEXQ, represents a new class of affinity agents which have potential applications as targetentrapped drugs.
W1974036347
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The KIs for quercitrin and NAPHEXQ, both noncompetitive inhibitors, are 0.6 uM and 0.5 uM, respectively.
W1974036347
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Rates are calculated from the tangent of the angle of descent of the linear absorbance vs time plots, measured simply and rapidly with a protractor.
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Irreversible inhibition of RLAR by NAPHEXQ, as a function of the dose of irradiation with either Xrays or light, is consistent with apparent first order kinetics.
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NAPHEXQ is designed as a drug to prevent or reverse diabetic cataract formation by selective photoaffinity inhibition of RLAR with no significant effect on aldose reductase in other tissues.
W1974036347
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However, when not accessible to light, other potential targetentrapped drugs can be activated by low doses of Xrays at their targeted anatomic sites.
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The efficiency and quality of utilities and consumer services depends on the technical condition of the technological equipment.
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The wear and damage of the working surfaces is the most common cause for failure of the machinery working parts.
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Composite coating applied by the frictionchemical method is a simple and effective way to improve the durability of friction units.
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The coating test results of durability, antifrictionality, and tear resistance show that the tribological characteristics of friction units in the technological equipment for utilities and consumer services improve with the application of the composite coatings.
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Nanoporous thin films are of much interest for emerging DNA sequencing applications 1.
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Klarite pyramidal nanostructured substrates and gold microcavities have demonstrated strong field enhancement within their structure 2,3.
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Our strategy has been to develop these threedimensional structures in gold film form.
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Surveys and interviews: Reporting proportions
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As displayed in figure 1, freestanding thin films 100 nm thick of arrays of nanosized gold pyramids and microcavities have been successfully fabricated.
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Precisely engineered nanopores in the threedimensional nanostructured freestanding gold film are milled at specific locations using a helium ion microscope HIM.
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These films are suspended over micronsized apertures for optical interrogation within platforms already proven for DNA translocation and sequencing.
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The strong field enhancement at the base of structures is currently being investigated for enhancement of fluorescently labelled DNA strands passing through the nanopores.
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We acknowledge the BBSRC Ref BBI0237201 and the CARIPLO Foundation, Italy for funding JAGJ and FC respectively and Renishaw Diagnostics, Glasgow for providing us with some of the samples used in fabricating these structures.
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With this work we have investigated how the air in the air cylinders of portable breathing apparatuses is heated during work in hot environments equal to those of interior fire extinguishing.
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Noting the lack of or paucity of previous research
720,880
The laws, regulations and standards concerning breathing apparatuses have been reviewed.
W1757647559
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Stating the purpose of the thesis, dissertation, or research article (note use of present tense)
666,527
We describe the theoretical relationships between heating and cooling as a result of air outtake and compare these to empirical tests, executed by measuring pressure and temperature at exposure to hot environments.
W1757647559
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Offering an explanation for the findings
716,470
The exposure lasted for five minutes at 250 C and for 20 minutes at 115 C. Our results show that the temperature of the gas does not exceed the maximum usage temperature provided by the manufacturers and that the heating does not imply any risk for the user.
W1757647559
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Describing the process: statistical procedures
560,929
The cooling effect due to air outtake is distinct and compensates to some extent the heating from the surrounding environment.
W1757647559
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Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study
611,562
Reduced tillage may improve the environmental and economic performance of organic farming.
W150458362
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Describing the process: infinitive of purpose
731,606
Reducing the intensity of soil tillage decreases the energy consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide, and could increase carbon sequestration Holland 2004.
W150458362
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Explaining the provenance of articles for review
657,525
Reduced tillage also may improve water retention and reduce soil erosion Berner et al 2008.
W150458362
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Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
724,636
One of the main drawbacks of the reduced tillage practices is the potential increase of weed infestation and changes in weed species composition, sometimes to the benefit of species which are more difficult to control, such as perennial and grass species Peigne et al 2007 Teasdale et al 2007 Sans et al 2011.
W150458362
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Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position
688,416.9375
Organic farmers commonly keep weeds under control by ploughing and by postemergence mechanical methods, and by indirect means such as appropriate crop rotation including e.g. grasclover.
W150458362
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Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
793,864
For this reason, weed management under reduced tillage conditions is expected to be more challenging in organics systems.
W150458362
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Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society
768,428.9375
In this study, we present the results on weed abundance and community composition in a nineyear old longterm experiment under conventional and reduced tillage.
W150458362
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Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society
669,215
In this paper, new theoretical and simulated results of a selftuning proportionalintegralderivative PID robust servomechanism for the class of constant reference and disturbance signals are given, for cases involving both known and unknown estimates of the steadystate gain matrix spl Tscr.
W1822906768
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Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
727,815.0625
Sirtuin 1 SIRT1 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADdependent deacetylase, which belongs to the silent information regulator 2 Sir2 family of sirtuin histone deacetylases HDACs.
W1969635366
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Making recommendations for further research work
671,960
The yeast Sir2 protein and its mammalian derivatives play a central role in epigenetic gene silencing, DNA repair and recombination, cellcycle, microtubule organization, and in the regulation of aging.
W1969635366
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Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
711,920
We have isolated and characterized the human Sirt1 genomic sequence, which spans a region of 33,660 bp and which has one single genomic locus.
W1969635366
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Surveys and interviews: Reporting response rates
715,218
Determination of the exonintron splice junctions established that SIRT1 is encoded by 9 exons ranging in size from 80 bp exon 6 to 2,120 bp exon 9.
W1969635366
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General reference to previous research or scholarship: highlighting negative outcomes
726,990
Characterization of the 5 flanking genomic region, which precedes the Sirt1 open reading frame, revealed a CCAATbox and a number of NFkappaB and GATA transcription factor binding sites in addition to a small 350 bp CpG island.
W1969635366
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Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)
655,234
The 4,107 bp human Sirt1 mRNA has an open reading frame of 2,244 bp and encodes a 747 aa protein with a predictive molecular weight of 81.7 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.55.
W1969635366
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Noting the lack of or paucity of previous research
629,097
Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis localized the human Sirt1 gene to chromosome 10q21.3.
W1969635366
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Referring to a single investigation in the past: researcher prominent
824,544.9375
BACKGROUND Renal impairment and contrastinduced nephropathy CIN have been shown to have an impact on outcome in STEMI patients.
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Previous research: What has been established or proposed
755,476
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence an...
W146351690
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[ { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 592446 }, { "m": "Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study", "s": 618685 }, { "m": "Stating purpose of the current research with reference to gaps or issues in the literature", "s": 678832 }, { "m": "Transitio...
Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study
537,370
Background Providing qualified, evidencebased healthcare to children requires increased knowledge of how cancer affects the young childs life.
W1964128533
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Introducing the limitations of the current study
673,571.0625
There is a dearth of research focusing on the young childs experience of everyday life.
W1964128533
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[ { "m": "Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)", "s": 694816 }, { "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": 707816.9375 }, { "m": "Indicating an expected outcome", "s": 710450 }, { "m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known", ...
Noting the lack of or paucity of previous research
607,730
Objective The purpose of this study was to explore young childrens and their parents perceptions of how cancer affects the childs health and everyday life shortly after diagnosis.
W1964128533
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[ { "m": "Describing the limitations of the current study", "s": 601247 }, { "m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)", "s": 638742 }, { "m": "Stating purpose of the current research with reference to gap...
Introducing the limitations of the current study
548,684
Methods Thirteen children with newly diagnosed cancer aged 1 to 6 years and their parents, connected to a pediatric oncology unit in Southern Sweden, participated in this study through semistructured interviews.
W1964128533
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Referring to the literature to justify a method or approach
702,840.9375
Child and parent data were analyzed as a family unit, using qualitative content analysis.
W1964128533
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General comments on the relevant literature
775,192
Results Everyday life was spent at hospital or at home waiting to go back to hospital.
W1964128533
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Transition: moving to the next result
705,792.9375
Analysis led to the following categories feeling like a stranger, feeling powerless, and feeling isolated.
W1964128533
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Referring to important texts in the area of interest
682,231.0625
Conclusions The child wants to be seen as a competent individual requiring information and participation in care.
W1964128533
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Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study
727,206
Parents need to be a safe haven for their child and not feel forced to legitimize painful and traumatic procedures by assisting with them.
W1964128533
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Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
765,618
Nurses play a major role in the lives of children.
W1964128533
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[ { "m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findings", "s": 782255.0625 }, { "m": "Transition: moving to the next result", "s": 798858 }, { "m": "Referring to important texts in the area of interest", "s": 799628 }, { "m": "Describing the process: adverbs of manner", ...
Noting implications of the findings
710,900.9375
Research with and on the young child is necessary and a way of making them visible and promoting their health and wellbeing.
W1964128533
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Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views
651,527
Implications for Practice Nurses need to reevaluate the newly diagnosed childs care routines so as to shift focus from the illness to the child.
W1964128533
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Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study
626,671
This requires competent nurses, secure in their caring role.
W1964128533
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[ { "m": "Referring to data in a table or chart", "s": 895644.9375 }, { "m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: researcher prominent", "s": 899392 }, { "m": "Offering an explanation for the findings", "s": 899574 }, { "m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for ...
Describing what other writers do in their published work
794,616.9375
Many observers have noted that Medicare expenditures will significantly outstrip projected revenues over the course of the next 25 years.
W1992152857
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Transition: moving to the next result
738,895.0625
This paper examines the economic and demographic assumptions behind forecasts of Medicare hospital insurance and supplementary medical insurance expenditures and revenues and analyzes various strategies for closing the impending gap.
W1992152857
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Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
780,560.9375
It is argued that the present forecasts already assume considerable success in controlling hospital costs and physician payments, making substantial further savings unlikely.
W1992152857
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[ { "m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review", "s": 737012.9375 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society", "s": 751628.9375 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting participants’ views", "s": 762395.0625 }, { "m": "Establisi...
Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline
714,791.0625
Shifting more of the burden onto the elderly through increased cost sharing or higher premiums also will not solve the programs fiscal problems over the long term.
W1992152857
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Describing the limitations of the current study
673,868.9375
The remaining alternativeimposing higher income or payroll taxes on the under65 populationis also unlikely to be a welcome solution.
W1992152857
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Referring to another writer’s idea(s) or position
689,860.9375
The authors argue that, eventually, the nation must choose between some form of a twotier system of benefits or a Canadianstyle national health insurance system.
W1992152857
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[ { "m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study", "s": 771308 }, { "m": "Describing the process: sequence words", "s": 773535.0625 }, { "m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis", "s": 773568.9375 }, { "m": "Describing the limitations of the current st...
Highlighting interesting or surprising results
760,715.0625
OBJECTIVE To develop a reversedphase HPLC method of determining the content of hesperidin in Zhengchaihuyin granules.
W2359797089
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Noting the lack of or paucity of previous research
648,974
METHODS The HPLC system consisted of the phenomenexODS250mm4.6mm,5μm and acetonitrile0.2 phosphoric acid solution2080 as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0mLmin1.
W2359797089
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Advising cautious interpretation of the findings
668,172
The detection wavelength was at 283 nm and the column temperature was 30.
W2359797089
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Referring back to the purpose of the paper or study
678,354
RESULTS The measurement proved to be linear over the range of 0.02208μg4.416μgr0.99999 for hesperidin.
W2359797089
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Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
792,023.0625
The average recovery was 96.85 with RSD of 2.29.
W2359797089
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[ { "m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis", "s": 751515.0625 }, { "m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society", "s": 774472 }, { "m": "Referring to important texts in the area of interest", "s": 785407.0625 }, { "m": "Restating a resu...
Describing the process: expressing purpose with for
702,756
CONCLUSION The method is simple,accurate,good repeatability and can be used for the quality detection of hesperidin in Zhengchaihuyin granules.
W2359797089
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Describing the process: sequence words
748,914
Autonomous platforms and systems are becoming ever more prevalent.
W1970929778
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Stating the aims of the current research (note frequent use of past tense)
775,203.0625
They have become smaller, cheaper, have longer duration times, and now more than ever, more capable of processing large amounts of information.
W1970929778
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Reporting positive and negative reactions
793,008
Despite these significant technological advances, there is still a level of distrust for the public autonomous systems.
W1970929778
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Identifying a knowledge gap in the field of study
695,527.0625
In marine and underwater vehicles, autonomy is particularly important being that communications to and from those vehicles are limited, either due to the length of the mission, the distance from their human operators, the sheer number of vehicles being used, or the data transfer rate available from a remote operator to...
W1970929778
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Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form
604,431
The premise for this research is to use the MOOSIvP code architecture, developed at MIT, to promote and advance marine vehicle autonomy collective knowledge through a project called HunterPrey.
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Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent
686,678
In this scenario, two or more surface vehicles attempt to cooperatively track an evading underwater target using rangeonly sensors, and ultimately maneuver into position for a kill using a simulated depth charge.
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[ { "m": "Suggesting general hypotheses", "s": 871544.9375 }, { "m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting themes", "s": 877096.9375 }, { "m": "Stating the aims of the current research (note frequent use of past tense)", "s": 902816.9375 }, { "m": "Describing previously used metho...
Indicating the use of an established method
870,548
This scenario will be distributed to the public through academic institutions and interested parties, who will submit code for the vehicles to compete against one another.
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Transition: moving to the next result
688,720.9375
The goal for this project is to create and foster an opensource environment where parties can compete and cooperate toward a common goal, the advancement of marine vehicle autonomy.
W1970929778
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Explaining the significance of the findings or contribution of the study
684,348
In this paper, the HunterPrey scenario is developed, a nominal solution is created, and the parameters for the scenario are analyzed using regression testing through simulation and statistical analysis.
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Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)
673,088.9375
Thesis Supervisor John J. Leonard Title Professor of Mechanical and Ocean Engineering Thesis Supervisor Michael R. Benjamin Title Research Scientist, Department of Mechanical Engineering
W1970929778
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Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis
743,176
The important question of the relation between theory and experiment in different physical problems is discussed.
W2084545237
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Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline
595,579
A number of examples, both widely and little known, are used to show that some physical theories, considered by many as correct because they corresponded to many experimental facts and to the existing level of science, have been found to be false.
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Reporting positive and negative reactions
699,228