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-{"text": "In 2008, Feinstein was the first major statewide elected official in California to endorse Proposition 2, which prohibited the intensive confinement of certain farm animals. In 2022, she led a letter to the Solicitor General of the United States, Elizabeth Prelogar, which asked Prelogar to defend California's Proposition 12, extending Proposition 2's protections to all animals raised for pork, veal, and egg products sold in California, before the Supreme Court. After the Supreme Court dismissed a challenge to Proposition 12 in 2023, Feinstein led a letter opposing the inclusion of language in the 2023 farm bill that would have overturned Proposition 12 and other state farm animal welfare laws.\r\nFollowing Feinstein's death in 2023, American animal welfare activist and president of Animal Wellness Action Wayne Pacelle stated that Feinstein \"was a giant on the national stage on animal welfare public policy.\"", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 0, "page": "Dianne Feinstein", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "Feinstein opposed a number of reforms to cannabis laws at the state and federal level. In 2016 she opposed Proposition 64, the Adult Use of Marijuana Act, to legalize recreational cannabis in California. In 1996 she opposed Proposition 215 to legalize the medical use of cannabis in California. In 2015 she was the only Democrat at a Senate hearing to vote against the Rohrabacher–Farr amendment, legislation that limits the enforcement of federal law in states that have legalized medical cannabis. Feinstein cited her belief that cannabis is a gateway drug in voting against the amendment.\r\nIn 2018, Feinstein softened her views on marijuana and cosponsored the STATES Act, legislation that would protect states from federal interference regarding both medical and recreational use. She also supported legislation in 2015 to allow medical cannabis to be recommended to veterans in states where its use is legal.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 0, "page": "Dianne Feinstein", "section_name": "Marijuana"}
-{"text": "In 2016, Darden announced an animal welfare policy phasing out the use of battery cage eggs in its U.S. locations by 2018 and crated pork by 2025. Following the announcement, it faced criticism by a coalition of environmental, labor, and animal welfare groups for continuing to source meat and dairy products from animals raised in intensive conditions, including routine antibiotic use. In 2019, Darden stated that it would stop sourcing meat from chickens treated with medically important antibiotics by 2023. In 2022, the Open Wing Alliance criticized Darden for failing to make sufficient progress on its cage-free egg commitment, after which Darden expanded its commitment to include all international locations by 2027.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 17, "page": "Darden Restaurants", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "On December 19, 2013, Darden announced plans to sell or spin off the Red Lobster brand, citing pressure from stock investors. This was in direct response to the company spending US$100 million on a new digital platform. At the time, the project was already at least one year behind schedule and above budget. A large number of layoffs occurred in its marketing department, and the company's second in command also left.\r\nOn May 12, 2014, Darden announced that as part of the spinoff of Red Lobster, it was converting the co-located Red Lobster and Olive Garden locations into standalone Olive Garden locations. On May 16, 2014, Darden announced that it would be selling the Red Lobster seafood restaurant chain to Golden Gate Capital for US$2.1 billion. Darden announced the completion of the sale of Red Lobster on July 28, 2014.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 17, "page": "Darden Restaurants", "section_name": "Red Lobster sale"}
-{"text": "In 2016, Darden announced that it would phase out the use of battery cage eggs in its U.S. locations by 2018 and stop sourcing crated pork by 2025. In 2022, the animal welfare organization Open Wing Alliance criticized Darden and Olive Garden for failing to make sufficient progress toward the cage-free egg commitment. Later that year, Darden expanded its commitment to include both U.S. and international locations by 2027.\r\nIn 2016, Olive Garden faced protests by environmental, labor, and animal welfare groups for continuing to source meat and dairy products from animals raised in intensive conditions, including routine antibiotic use. In 2019, Darden announced that by 2023, it would stop sourcing meat from chickens treated with medically important antibiotics.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 21, "page": "Olive Garden", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "Olive Garden serves several types of Italian-American cuisine, including pasta dishes, steaks, and salads. The company advertises its breadsticks and centers its lunch menu around it. Additionally, the company advertises that its soups and sauces are made fresh in each location daily, instead of importing them from a commissary or outside vendor.\r\nIn June 2010, Olive Garden began to import parts of menu formats from its sibling chain, Seasons 52; it began selling smaller dessert portions, which it called \"dolcini\". These new products were modeled after Season 52's \"mini-indulgences\" product line.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 21, "page": "Olive Garden", "section_name": "Menu"}
-{"text": "In 2015, Shake Shack pledged to end the use of battery cage eggs in its U.S. supply chain by the end of 2016. In 2020, it expanded this commitment to include all Shake Shack franchise locations worldwide. In 2023, Shake Shack was identified by The Humane League and the Open Wing Alliance for failing to report progress on its cage-free transition.\r\nIn 2016, Shake Shack adopted the Better Chicken Commitment, pledging to improve the living conditions and slaughter practices for broiler chickens in its supply chain, as well as stop sourcing chickens selectively bred to grow at rapid rates by 2024. In 2021, it co-founded a working group alongside six other brands and the animal welfare organization Compassion in World Farming to promote the Better Chicken Commitment across the food industry. In 2025, Shake Shack reported compliance with some aspects of the Better Chicken Commitment but stated that 0% of its chicken supply complied with the genetic or slaughter aspects.\r\nIn 2024, Shake Shack was identified by the animal welfare organization Animal Equality as having made progress toward eliminating gestation crates in its pork supply chain, but not having eliminated them entirely.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 24, "page": "Shake Shack", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "In April 2020, Shake Shack applied for funding through the Paycheck Protection Program due to lost business during the COVID-19 pandemic. It received $10 million. Shake Shack was criticised for utilizing a loophole in the program which allowed it to qualify for monetary aid meant to help small businesses. The company operates 189 locations in the U.S., but only employs around 45 persons at each restaurant. Shake Shack CEO Randy Garutti then said it would return the $10 million so that \"restaurants who need it most can get it now\". In July, it was revealed that Shack Shake founder Danny Meyer's Union Square Hospitality Group took a total of between $11 and $27 million in PPP funding. Meyer was unapologetic about receiving the relief funds, despite the fact that the firm employs a total of 2,300 employees. When the Shake Shack relief funding was revealed, he had earlier appeared on at least one podcast stating that its acceptance of PPP funding was irresponsible.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 24, "page": "Shake Shack", "section_name": "Paycheck Protection Program relief"}
-{"text": "In 2012, the Cheesecake Factory committed to eliminate the use of gestation crates from its pork supply chain by 2022. In its 2021 Corporate Social Responsibility Report, it stated that by the end of 2022, 75% of its U.S. pork supply would be crate-free. In 2024, the Cheesecake Factory was highlighted by animal welfare organization Animal Equality for having made progress toward eliminating gestation crates in its supply chain, but not having eliminated them entirely.\r\nIn 2015, the Cheesecake Factory stated that it would eliminate the use of battery cage eggs from its supply chain, but did not specify a timeline for doing so. In 2023, it was identified by The Humane League and the Open Wing Alliance for failing to report progress on its cage-free transition. In March 2025, The Humane League stated that the Cheesecake Factory had achieved a 100% cage-free transition.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 30, "page": "The Cheesecake Factory", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "Evelyn Overton, inspired by a cheesecake recipe from a Detroit newspaper, made a cheesecake for her husband's employer in the 1940s. The cheesecake was well received, so she opened a small cheesecake bakery in Detroit, Michigan, in the late 1950s. She closed the bakery to raise her children, but continued supplying cheesecakes to local restaurants from her basement kitchen. In 1967, Evelyn's son David M. Overton left Detroit to attend Hastings College of Law in San Francisco, but in 1968, decided to be a drummer, performing with the Billy Roberts Blues Band. In 1971, David convinced his parents to relocate to Los Angeles to open a commercial bakery. In 1972, they moved to the Woodland Hills area of Los Angeles where they opened The Cheesecake Factory Bakery, in which they produced cheesecakes and other desserts for local restaurants.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 30, "page": "The Cheesecake Factory", "section_name": "Founding and early years"}
-{"text": "On animal protection issues, Tillis has received a score of 50 out of 100 in 2025 from the Humane World Action Fund, the political affiliate of Humane World for Animals.\r\nTillis has been criticized by animal protection groups for cosponsoring the Ending Agricultural Trade Suppression (EATS) Act, which would limit the ability of states to regulate the sale of meat from animals raised on farms that do not meet animal welfare standards. The EATS Act is often discussed in relation to its potential to nullify state-level mandates, such as California's Proposition 12, which establishes specific space requirements for pigs, chickens, and cows. Critics of the bill allege that the bill jeopardizes farm animal welfare.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 36, "page": "Thom Tillis", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "Tillis ran for and won reelection in 2020. He was challenged in the Republican primaries by conservative businessman Garland Tucker, who spent $1.3 million to finance his campaign before dropping out in December 2019, after Trump endorsed all incumbent Republican senators up for election in 2020, including Tillis. Tillis won the March 3 Republican primary and faced Democratic nominee Cal Cunningham in the November general election. Cunningham led Tillis in the polls for most of the year. In October 2020, Cunningham acknowledged having an extramarital affair and his lead in the polls was reduced to less than two points before election day. Tillis received 48.7% of the vote to Cunningham's 46.9%.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 36, "page": "Thom Tillis", "section_name": "2020"}
-{"text": "Between 2012 and 2019, Aldi's UK operations became \"carbon neutral\", with investments in solar, green energy, energy efficiency, and offsets reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 53% per square meter of sales floor. On 4 March 2020, Aldi announced that all its suppliers must use recyclable, reusable, or compostable packaging by 2025. In January 2024, the company announced plans to eliminate plastic bags from its 2,300 US stores. Cloth bags would still be available for customer use. It also said it would aim to use natural refrigerants in its US stores by the end of 2035. Other grocery retailers were making similar moves at the time of the announcement.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 49, "page": "Aldi", "section_name": "Sustainability"}
-{"text": "In August 2023, Aldi Süd acquired Winn-Dixie and Harveys Supermarket in the US, including about 400 stores across Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi. On 7 March 2024, Aldi Süd closed the Southeastern Grocers acquisition. On 7 February 2025, Aldi divested around 170 Winn-Dixie and Harvey Supermarket stores as well as 170 of its liquor stores back to Southeastern Grocers in a private investor deal that represents the leadership of SEG and includes C&S Wholesale Grocers. Aldi also announced plans to convert 220 of the stores over to its own format by 2027 which they will run under license from SEG until the final store is converted.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 49, "page": "Aldi", "section_name": "Acquisition of Winn-Dixie and Harveys"}
-{"text": "In 2016, Aldi committed to sourcing only cage-free eggs by the end of 2025. In 2024, it completed this transition for its stores in Great Britain. In November 2024, Aldi and other major British retailers joined a letter by Compassion in World Farming calling on the UK government to ban cages for egg-laying hens.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 50, "page": "Aldi", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "The two stores Nord and Süd have distinct logos, with Nord displaying the entire 'A' for Aldi. Süd unveiled a logo in 1982 that displays half an \"A\". In 2006, Aldi Süd modified the logo slightly and then in March 2017, unveiled a new logo that removed the blue box line around the artistic 'A' and revealed a more rounded, three-dimensional look for the logo, as well as a new font for the word ALDI, further differentiating it from the Aldi Nord logo, which had shared the same font for the brand until then.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 50, "page": "Aldi", "section_name": "Logos and branding"}
-{"text": "In contrast to the 1925 film, during the making of which at least one hundred horses were reported to have died, director William Wyler brought in Yakima Canutt to ensure the safety of the animals. No horse was injured while shooting the chariot race sequence.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 60, "page": "Ben-Hur (1959 film)", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "The film's first telecast took place on Sunday, February 14, 1971. In what was a television first for a Hollywood film, it was broadcast over five hours (including commercials) during a single evening by CBS, preempting all of that network's regular programming for that one evening. It was watched by 85.82 million people for a 37.1 average rating. It was one of the highest-rated movies ever screened on television at the time (behind the broadcast premieres of The Birds and Bridge on the River Kwai).", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 60, "page": "Ben-Hur (1959 film)", "section_name": "Broadcast"}
-{"text": "In 2016, Chick-fil-A pledged to use only cage-free eggs by 2026. In 2025, the company backtracked from this commitment, citing barriers such as industry dynamics and bird flu.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 75, "page": "Chick-fil-A", "section_name": "Cage-free eggs"}
-{"text": "In 2011, food blogger and activist Vani Hari noted that Chick-fil-A sandwiches contained nearly 100 ingredients, including peanut oil preserved with tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), made from butane. In October 2012, Chick-fil-A invited Hari to meet with company executives at its headquarters. In December 2013, Chick-fil-A said that it was removing high-fructose corn syrup and artificial dyes, and was testing a new peanut oil. Like other companies, Chick-fil-A does not publicly announce such changes unless already in the news, because it focuses on these ingredients.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 75, "page": "Chick-fil-A", "section_name": "Removal of additives"}
-{"text": "In 2019, Clorox announced that they do not participate in animal testing except where required by law. This prompted backlash from animal advocacy organizations like PETA, who claimed that Clorox was perpetuating animal testing by choosing to sell their products in markets where inhumane animal testing was required, such as China.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 84, "page": "Clorox", "section_name": "Animal testing"}
-{"text": "During 2006 and 2007, a Clorox commercial that aired nationally showed several generations of women doing laundry. The commercial included the words \"Your mother, your grandmother, her mother, they all did the laundry, maybe even a man or two\". Feminists criticized the commercial for insinuating that doing laundry is a job for women only.\r\nThe Clorox slogan, \"Mama's got the magic of Clorox\", was criticized on similar grounds. The slogan first appeared in a Clorox commercial in 1986. A modified version of the commercial ran from 2002 to 2004.\r\nIn 2009, Clorox received complaints of sexism for an advertisement that featured a man's white, lipstick-stained dress shirt with the caption, \"Clorox. Getting ad guys out of hot water for generations\". The ad, and others, were produced expressly for the television program Mad Men, capitalizing on \"the show's unique vintage style to [create] a link between classic and modern consumer behaviors\".", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 84, "page": "Clorox", "section_name": "Criticisms of sexist marketing"}
-{"text": "In 2022, Eataly signed the European Chicken Commitment (ECC), thereby committing to implement several improvements in chicken living standards and humane slaughter practices by 2026.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 91, "page": "Eataly", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "In January 2007, Italian businessman Oscar Farinetti opened the first location of Eataly, converting a closed vermouth factory in the Lingotto district of Turin. Easily accessible via the Lingotto metro station, the establishment has been described by  The New York Times as a \"megastore\" that \"combines elements of a bustling European open market, a Whole-Foods-style supermarket, a high-end food court and a New Age learning center.\" Farinetti planned early on that additional stores would open elsewhere in Italy and in New York City with help of investor chef Mario Batali.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 91, "page": "Eataly", "section_name": "Origin"}
-{"text": "In 2015, General Mills set a timeline for the phase-out of products using eggs from caged chickens, committing that US products would be cage-free by 2025. In 2017, the pledge was expanded to cover chickens across the company's global operations, not just the US.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 93, "page": "General Mills", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "In the 1930s, General Mills engineer, Thomas R. James, created the puffing gun, which inflated or distorted cereal pieces into puffed-up shapes. This new technology was used in 1937 to create Kix cereal and in 1941 to create Cheerioats (known today as Cheerios).\r\nIn 1939, General Mills engineer Helmer Anderson created the Anderson sealer. This new device allowed for bags of flour to be sealed with glue instead of just being tied with a string.\r\nIn 1956, General Mills created the tear-strip for easily opening packages.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 93, "page": "General Mills", "section_name": "Engineering milestones"}
-{"text": "In 2022, Greggs signed the Better Chicken Commitment (BCC), which calls for the more ethical treatment and slaughter of farmed chickens. As of 2024, 86.6% of its chickens were reared with a stocking density of 30kg per square metre or less. Greggs aimed to reach 100% by the end of 2025. As of February 2026, despite some major restaurant chains dropping the commitment, Greggs remained a member of the Better Chicken Commitment.\r\nIn 2024, Greggs was a signatory to a Compassion in World Farming letter to the UK government, calling on the government to ban the use of cages for egg-laying hens in UK production and in UK imports.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 100, "page": "Greggs", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "Greggs was founded by John Gregg in 1939. The first shop, which stood on Gosforth High Street, opened in 1951. When Gregg died in 1964, the bakery was taken over by his son, Ian, assisted by his brother Colin.\r\nAs Greggs of Gosforth, the first main factory on Christon Road on the Gosforth Industrial Estate opened on 30 April 1968.\r\nMajor expansion took place at Greggs in the 1970s, including the acquisitions of other bakeries such as Glasgow-based Rutherglen in 1972, Leeds-based Thurston's in 1974, Broomfields the Bakers, London, Bowketts the Bakers in Kent, Tooks the Bakers (East Anglia) and Price's (Manchester) in 1976.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 100, "page": "Greggs", "section_name": "Early history"}
-{"text": "Kraft Heinz has made several commitments to enhance animal welfare across its global supply chain. In 2016, the company announced its intention to transition to 100% cage-free eggs in North America by 2025. This commitment was later expanded globally, aiming for a complete shift to cage-free or better egg sourcing worldwide by 2025. As of the latest reports, 64% of the company's global egg supply meets this standard, with 100% of eggs in Europe sourced from free-range hens.\r\nIn addition to egg sourcing, Kraft Heinz has pledged to improve broiler chicken welfare. By 2024 in the U.S. and 2026 in Europe, the company aims to implement standards aligned with the European Chicken Commitment. These standards involve giving chickens more space, providing stimulating environments, and using breeds that are less prone to health problems.\r\nFurthermore, Kraft Heinz has outlined expectations for its pork and dairy suppliers. The company supports the transition of pregnant sows to alternative gestation housing and requires dairy suppliers in North America to adopt animal care guidelines.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 105, "page": "Heinz", "section_name": "Animal Welfare"}
-{"text": "The company's world headquarters were in Chicago, Illinois, with the H. J. Heinz division located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where the company was founded. The company's \"keystone\" logo was based on that of Pennsylvania, the \"keystone state\". Heinz Field was named after the Heinz company in 2001.\r\nA majority of its ketchup was produced in Fremont, Ohio, and the rest made in Muscatine, Iowa.\r\nHeinz opened a pickle factory in Holland, Michigan, in 1897, and it is the largest such facility in the world. The Heinz Portion Control subsidiary is located in Jacksonville, Florida, and produces single-serving containers of ketchup, mustard, salad dressings, jams, jellies and syrups.\r\nHeinz also had factories in the following locations: Arizona (Phoenix); California (Chatsworth, Escalon, Irvine, San Diego); Florida (Fort Myers); Idaho (Pocatello); Iowa (Cedar Rapids, Muscatine); Massachusetts (Newburyport); Ohio (Mason, Massillon); Oregon (Ontario), and South Carolina (Florence).\r\nIn 2000, seven retailers, including Walmart, Albertsons, and Safeway, comprised half of the company's sales by volume.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 105, "page": "Heinz", "section_name": "United States"}
-{"text": "In 2025, Risch received a score of 0 out of 100 from the Humane World Action Fund, the political affiliate of Humane World for Animals.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 111, "page": "Jim Risch", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "In 2019, Risch sought to quell dissent among Republican senators over what they perceived as the Trump administration's weak response to the killing of Saudi journalist and U.S. permanent resident Jamal Khashoggi, and its refusal to send Congress a report on the administration's determination of who killed Khashoggi. He told his fellow Republican senators and Politico that the Trump administration was in compliance with the Magnitsky Act, but the administration had said that it refused to comply with the Act.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 111, "page": "Jim Risch", "section_name": "Saudi Arabia"}
-{"text": "On animal protection issues, Cornyn has received a score of 0 out of 100 in 2025 from the Humane World Action Fund, the political affiliate of Humane World for Animals, as has almost every Republican senator. \r\nCornyn co-introduced the Ending Agricultural Trade Suppression (EATS) Act, which would limit states' ability to regulate the sale of meat from animals raised on farms that do not meet animal welfare standards. In a statement, he said, \"states like California shouldn't be able to tell ranchers in Texas how to do their jobs.\" The bill's critics allege that it jeopardizes farm animal welfare.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 122, "page": "John Cornyn", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "Source:\r\n\r\nUnited States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence\r\nCommittee on Finance\r\nSubcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure\r\nSubcommittee on International Trade, Customs, and Global Competitiveness\r\nSubcommittee on Taxation and IRS Oversight\r\nCommittee on the Judiciary\r\nSubcommittee on the Constitution\r\nSubcommittee on Criminal Justice and Counterterrorism\r\nSubcommittee on Immigration, Refugees and Border Security (ranking member)\r\nSubcommittee on Intellectual Property\r\nSubcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law\r\nCaucus on International Narcotics Control", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 122, "page": "John Cornyn", "section_name": "Committee assignments"}
-{"text": "As Attorney General, Paxton joined an amicus brief at the US Supreme Court opposing California Proposition 12. Proposition 12 regulates the sale in California of animal products from farms that do not meet particular animal welfare standards: for example, farms that do not allow confined animals enough space to turn around, lie down, stand up, and extend their limbs. The amicus brief argued that \"California [was attempting] to usurp other States' authority to set their own animal husbandry policies.\"  \r\nPaxton received criticism for a 2015 legal opinion which allowed Texas A&M University to conceal daily care logs of cats and dogs used in research.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 133, "page": "Ken Paxton", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "In early 2017 Paxton objected to a Texas school's use of an empty classroom to allow its Muslim students to pray, issuing a press release that claimed that \"the high school's prayer room is ... apparently excluding students of other faiths.\" School officials said that Paxton had never asked them about this assertion, and that the room was a spare room used by faculty and non-Muslim students as well as for multiple activities, from grading papers to Buddhist meditation. The Frisco Independent School District superintendent, in a letter sent in response to Paxton, called his press release \"a publicity stunt by the [Office of Attorney General] to politicize a nonissue\".", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 133, "page": "Ken Paxton", "section_name": "Islam"}
-{"text": "In 2017, Kraft Heinz committed to making a number of improvements to the welfare of broiler chickens in their supply chains by 2024. These included commitments to source chickens from high welfare breeds, provide birds with more space, and implement third-party monitoring.\r\nIn 2019, Kraft Heinz made an updated pledge to comply with the European Chicken Commitment, an animal welfare standard, for 100% of the chickens in its supply chain, by 2026.\r\nIn 2021, the BBFAW, an animal welfare monitoring organization, gave Kraft Heinz a rating that indicated it had established animal welfare practices but still has room to grow. At that time, according to Kraft Heinz, 70% of the chickens in the company's supply chain were cage-free or free-range.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 154, "page": "Kraft Heinz", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "In 2017, the claim that the Kraft Parmesan Cheese label was misleading was rejected by judges. The label reads \"Kraft 100% Grated Parmesan Cheese\". It was argued that a \"reasonable consumer\" would know the product could not be 100% cheese, as any dairy product degrades quickly without preservatives.\r\nOn December 1, 2023, a federal jury in Illinois awarded $17.8 million to several large food companies, including Kraft Heinz, in a lawsuit against Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. and others over allegations of egg price fixing. Cal-Maine Foods, contesting the verdict, insists on its innocence and the absence of wrongdoing in its business practices.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 154, "page": "Kraft Heinz", "section_name": "Controversies"}
-{"text": "In 2017, Kroger announced that it would transition to 100% cage-free eggs by 2025, responding to pressure from animal welfare groups. In 2022, they loosened the commitment, aiming instead for 70% cage-free eggs by 2030.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 156, "page": "Kroger", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "Banner Brand items are goods that bear the name of Kroger or its subsidiaries (i.e., Ralphs, King Soopers, etc.) or make reference to them (i.e., Big K), and are offered exclusively within Kroger-owned stores. These products are marketed to customers as budget-friendly, and account for over $13 billion in annual sales. Many of Kroger's health and beauty goods, one of the company's fastest-growing private label categories, are manufactured by third-party providers; these products include goods like ibuprofen and contact lens solution.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 156, "page": "Kroger", "section_name": "Banner Brand"}
-{"text": "Eyestalk ablation is the removal of one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) eyestalks from a crustacean.  It is routinely practiced on female shrimps (or prawns) in almost every marine shrimp maturation or reproduction facility in the world, but has faced increasing criticism in recent years. The aim of  ablation is to stimulate the female shrimp to develop mature ovaries and spawn.\r\nPoor captive conditions for shrimp cause inhibitions in females that prevent them from developing mature ovaries.  Even in conditions where a given species will develop ovaries and spawn in captivity, use of eyestalk ablation increases total egg production and increases the percentage of females in a given population that will participate in reproduction.  Once females have been subjected to eyestalk ablation, complete ovarian development often ensues within as little as 3 to 10 days.\r\nEyestalk ablation has faced criticism from animal welfare advocates. Alternatives such as higher quality feed, and maintaining a 2:1 sex ratio of female to male shrimp within tanks have been found effective, but are not yet widespread.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 167, "page": "Marine shrimp farming", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "Although shrimp farming has disrupted social structures, it is possible for both commercial industries and independent farmers to succeed. Closed system shrimp aquaculture for instance, is becoming widely used in the US and is making its way to Southeast Asia. This system takes place indoors in moderate sized pools which efficiently circulates the water. In some cases filter feeders such as shellfish and other fish are introduced in the system, feeding off nutrients in the water that would otherwise be cycled out. This option is more environmentally safe than large scale intensive farming practices.  Unfortunately, this system is capital intensive and would be difficult for small scale, independent shrimp farmers to acquire. However, this would be an excellent alternative for larger shrimp industries in Thailand.\r\nAnother alternative would be to revert to traditional shrimp farming practices, without overstocking and the use of harmful chemicals. This would be an ideal option for small scale shrimp farmers supplying for their own community as well as creating an independent food source.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 167, "page": "Marine shrimp farming", "section_name": "Sustainable practices"}
-{"text": "In recent years, animal welfare groups have intensified their campaigns to improve shrimp farming standards. Mercy for Animals led the world's first public demonstration for shrimp welfare, prompting Tesco in 2024 to commit to banning eyestalk ablation and ice-slurry stunning, replacing them with 100% electrical stunning for key species, Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon, by 2027. The UK-based Shrimp Welfare Project supports humane slaughter practices globally by providing free electrical stunners to producers and encouraging broader adoption of electrical stunning alongside efforts to eliminate eyestalk ablation. Similarly, the International Council for Animal Welfare (ICAW) has urged retailers, including Tesco, Marks & Spencer, Sainsbury's, Ocado, Waitrose, and Co‑op, to end ice-slurry slaughter and eyestalk ablation and to implement electrical stunning in their supply chains.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 168, "page": "Marine shrimp farming", "section_name": "Animal welfare initiatives in shrimp farming"}
-{"text": "Shrimp are commonly slaughtered using the ice slurry method, in which they are immersed in a mixture of ice and water with the aim of inducing thermal shock. However, animal welfare organizations have raised concerns that this method is often ineffective, leading instead to death by asphyxiation and prolonged suffering. In response to growing ethical concerns, more humane alternatives have been explored. Electrical stunning is currently considered the most humane pre-slaughter method available for shrimp, as it renders them unconscious significantly faster and more effectively than ice slurry or asphyxiation. In 2022, the United Kingdom legally recognized decapod crustaceans, including shrimp, as sentient beings capable of experiencing pain, further reinforcing the need for improved welfare practices during slaughter.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 168, "page": "Marine shrimp farming", "section_name": "Slaughter methods"}
-{"text": "Following criticism from animal rights groups, Nike declared its intent in 2023 to phase out the use of wool sourced from lambs that had been subjected to mulesing, a controversial practice involving the removal of skin from live lambs. \r\nAlso in 2023, Nike pledged to eliminate the use of kangaroo leather in favor of a synthetic alternative, in response to animal activists' charge that the killing of kangaroos was unethical.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 176, "page": "Nike, Inc.", "section_name": "Welfare of animals used in sourcing"}
-{"text": "Nike has contracted with more than 700 shops around the world and has offices located in 45 countries outside the United States. Most of the factories are located in Asia, including Indonesia, China, Taiwan, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan, Philippines, and Malaysia. Nike is hesitant to disclose information about the contract companies it works with. However, due to harsh criticism from some organizations like CorpWatch, Nike has disclosed information about its contract factories in its Corporate Governance Report.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 176, "page": "Nike, Inc.", "section_name": "Controversies"}
-{"text": "Nike has taken steps to reduce its environmental impact. It has worked to reduce carbon emissions nearly 3% across its value chain from its FY11 baseline, and sourced from fewer, higher-performing contract factories.\r\nIn 2019, Nike began a program called \"Move to Zero\" in an effort to achieve zero waste and zero carbon in the organization's supply chain and product lifetime. The men's and women's sections of the collection contain at least 60% organic and recycled materials, including sustainably sourced cotton.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 177, "page": "Nike, Inc.", "section_name": "Sustainability"}
-{"text": "Nike has contracted with more than 700 shops around the world and has offices located in 45 countries outside the United States. Most of the factories are located in Asia, including Indonesia, China, Taiwan, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan, Philippines, and Malaysia. Nike is hesitant to disclose information about the contract companies it works with. However, due to harsh criticism from some organizations like CorpWatch, Nike has disclosed information about its contract factories in its Corporate Governance Report.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 177, "page": "Nike, Inc.", "section_name": "Controversies"}
-{"text": "In 2013, Papa John's announced plans to eliminate the use of gestation crates in its pork supply chain by 2022. In 2024, the animal protection organization Animal Equality criticized the company for continuing to source pork from producers using gestation crates.\r\nIn 2016, the company committed to sourcing only cage-free eggs by 2030. In 2025, it announced a temporary pause on this commitment, citing egg shortages.\r\nIn 2020, Papa John's signed the Better Chicken Commitment, a pledge to improve broiler chicken welfare standards. In 2022, it was criticized by World Animal Protection for not publishing progress updates and for allegedly weakening its prior animal welfare standards.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 197, "page": "Papa John's", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "In 2003, Papa John's opened its first branch in Apgujeong-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea and the second branch in Garak-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, South Korea. Compared to Domino's Pizza and Pizza Hut, which started business in Korea in the 1980s, Papa John's started business late in Korea. In 2006, they opened the 50th restaurant in Seoul. As of the end of 2025, Papa John's has a total of 278 stores in Korea. In other countries, Papa John's has menus which are localized to each country. However, in Korea, Papa John's is selling the original American pizzas with special Korean localized pizzas together. Papa John's also has various side menus such as spaghetti in Korea.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 197, "page": "Papa John's", "section_name": "South Korea"}
-{"text": "In 2021, Yum! Brands, the owner of Pizza Hut, committed to using only cage-free eggs in the majority of its locations by 2026, and in all locations globally by 2030. The commitment came following the \"largest public cage-free campaign\" at that time.\r\nHowever, Pizza Hut was the target of criticism by a World Animal Protection assessment in 2018, which claimed that it demonstrated \"limited evidence\" of concern with the humane handling of livestock in its operations.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 202, "page": "Pizza Hut", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "Pizza Hut's international presence under Yum! Brands includes:\r\n\r\nCanada and Mexico in North America\r\nJapan, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, China, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Myanmar, and Macau in Asia\r\nUnited Kingdom, Croatia, and the European Union in Europe\r\nEgypt in Africa\r\nPizza Hut's China operations are part of the Yum! spinoff Yum China. Pizza Hut was one of the first American franchises to open in Iraq.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 202, "page": "Pizza Hut", "section_name": "International"}
-{"text": "Warren has supported a moratorium on new concentrated animal feeding operations, a stance which has received praise from animal welfare advocates.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 215, "page": "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "In April 2019, Warren signed onto the Be HEARD Act, legislation intended to abolish the tipped minimum wage along with ending mandatory arbitration and pre-employment nondisclosure agreements. The bill also gave workers additional time to report harassment and was said by cosponsor Patty Murray to come at a time when too many workers are \"still silenced by mandatory disclosure agreements that prevent them from discussing sexual harassment and longstanding practices like the tipped wages that keep workers in certain industries especially vulnerable.\"", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 215, "page": "Political positions of Elizabeth Warren", "section_name": "Workplace harassment"}
-{"text": "In 2025, Premier Foods was awarded a 'Tier 2' status by the Business Benchmark on Farm Animal Welfare (BBFAW). This designation signifies that the company achieved a score of between 62–80% on the BBFAW criteria. The benchmarking assesses areas such as management commitment, formal policy and objectives, and animal welfare performance. Achieving Tier 2 indicates that Premier Foods has made substantial progress in implementing robust farm animal welfare policies and practices.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 239, "page": "Premier Foods", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "The company was founded by Harry Solomon and David Thompson in London in 1975 as Hillsdown Holdings. The name came from Thompson's house, Hillsdown. His son Richard Thompson worked for his father after his education at Haileybury. In 1981 it acquired Lockwood Foods Ltd which was in administrative receivership. In May 1987, David Thompson stepped down from Hillsdown Holdings, selling 50% of his shares and became a non executive director. In April 1989 he sold all of his shares.\r\nIn 1986, it bought various food businesses from Beechams and in 1990 it acquired Premier Brands, the MBO led by Paul Judge of Cadbury Schweppes' Foods and Other Products divisions which included Typhoo and Cadbury's drinks.\r\nIt was bought by the private equity company Hicks, Muse, Tate and Furst in 1999. In 2002, it bought Nestlé's ambient foods business. It was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 2004.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 239, "page": "Premier Foods", "section_name": "Formation"}
-{"text": "Eyestalk Ablation\r\n\r\nEyestalk ablation is the removal of one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) eyestalks from a crustacean.  It is routinely practiced on female shrimps (or prawns) in almost every marine shrimp maturation or reproduction facility in the world, but has faced increasing criticism in recent years. The aim of  ablation is to stimulate the female shrimp to develop mature ovaries and spawn.\r\nPoor captive conditions for shrimp cause inhibitions in females that prevent them from developing mature ovaries.  Even in conditions where a given species will develop ovaries and spawn in captivity, use of eyestalk ablation increases total egg production and increases the percentage of females in a given population that will participate in reproduction.  Once females have been subjected to eyestalk ablation, complete ovarian development often ensues within as little as 3 to 10 days.\r\nEyestalk ablation has faced criticism from animal welfare advocates. Alternatives such as higher quality feed, and maintaining a 2:1 sex ratio of female to male shrimp within tanks have been found effective, but are not yet widespread.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 241, "page": "Shrimp farming ", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "Shrimp are commonly slaughtered using the ice slurry method, in which they are immersed in a mixture of ice and water with the aim of inducing thermal shock. However, animal welfare organizations have raised concerns that this method is often ineffective, leading instead to death by asphyxiation and prolonged suffering. In response to growing ethical concerns, more humane alternatives have been explored. Electrical stunning is currently considered the most humane pre-slaughter method available for shrimp, as it renders them unconscious significantly faster and more effectively than ice slurry or asphyxiation. In 2022, the United Kingdom legally recognized decapod crustaceans, including shrimp, as sentient beings capable of experiencing pain, further reinforcing the need for improved welfare practices during slaughter.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 241, "page": "Shrimp farming ", "section_name": "Slaughter Methods"}
-{"text": "Taco Bell is subject to the animal welfare standards of its parent company, Yum! Brands.\r\nIn 2016, Taco Bell stopped sourcing eggs from egg-laying hens raised in battery cages in their US restaurants.\r\nIn 2024, Taco Bell announced that it would publish benchmarks on moving away from gestation crates in pork production by the end of 2024. However, no such benchmarks were published that year.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 243, "page": "Taco Bell", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "There are outlets in Brazil in the São Paulo area, Campinas, Rio de Janeiro and Brasília.\r\nTaco Bell has stores in Chile, which many of them are operated in conjunction (and in the same facilities) with Pizza Hut. All Taco Bell stores are in shopping malls located mainly in Santiago.\r\nPeru has branches in Lima.\r\nThere were four outlets in the Bogotá area in Colombia, but these closed in late 2018.\r\nTaco Bell operated in Ecuador between 1993 and 2009, it returned to operate on October 7, 2025, in Quito.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 243, "page": "Taco Bell", "section_name": "South America"}
-{"text": "On animal protection issues, Cotton has received a score of 0 out of 100 in 2025 from the Humane World Action Fund, the political affiliate of Humane World for Animals.\r\nCotton co-introduced the Ending Agricultural Trade Suppression (EATS) Act, which would limit the ability of states to regulate the sale of meat from animals raised on farms that do not meet animal welfare standards. In a statement, Cotton said, \"States like California shouldn't regulate how producers in Arkansas manage their farm.\" Critics allege that the bill jeopardizes farm animal welfare.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 251, "page": "Tom Cotton", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "Shortly after Cotton's Afghanistan deployment ended, he was introduced to Chris Chocola, a former congressman and the president of Club for Growth, a Republican political action committee that became one of Cotton's top contributors. Cotton considered a run against incumbent Democratic U.S. senator Blanche Lincoln in 2010 but declined due to lack of donors and believing it was premature.\r\nCotton began his campaign for Congress in Arkansas's 4th congressional district in 2011 and had planned to run before Democratic incumbent Mike Ross decided not to seek reelection.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 251, "page": "Tom Cotton", "section_name": "U.S. House of Representatives"}
-{"text": "In February 2016, because of customer feedback, Trader Joe's announced their goal \"to have all the eggs [they] sell in western states (California, Oregon, Washington, Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado) come from cage-free suppliers by 2020 and all the eggs [they] sell nationally to come from cage-free suppliers by 2025\".\r\nIn March 2018, a consumer protection lawsuit was filed by the Animal Legal Defense Fund against Trader Joe's on behalf of an egg purchaser. The lawsuit sought to stop Trader Joe's from deceptively and misleadingly labeling its cage-free eggs. The consumer argued that Trader Joe's was violating multiple California consumer protection laws by selling cage-free eggs in cartons with representations of hens foraging in pastures, when the eggs were actually from industrial hen houses, where hens do not have access to the outdoors. The case settled in June 2018, in which Trader Joe's agreed to pull the packaging not only in California but nationwide.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 264, "page": "Trader Joe's", "section_name": "Cage-free eggs"}
-{"text": "Trader Joe's has been taking steps to make its products more environmentally friendly. In 2019, Greenpeace delivered a petition of 100,000 signatures for Trader Joe's to phase out single-use plastics. In response to customer pressure, Trader Joe's committed to stop offering single-use carryout bags nationwide, replace its produce bags with biodegradable and compostable options, replace styrofoam trays, and sell more loose, unwrapped produce.\r\nIn 2021, as part of an ongoing effort to improve packaging, Trader Joe's stated that it had improved over 200 products by eliminating excess components, and increasing the amount of recycled and sustainably sourced materials. The company also removed over 4 million pounds of plastic packaging from its products in 2021. Examples of improvements include removing plastic mesh packaging from produce, converting plastic clamshells for produce to sealed fiber trays, and increasing the number of frozen entrees in a plastic tray with a compostable option.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 264, "page": "Trader Joe's", "section_name": "Improving packaging"}
-{"text": "Trader Joe's states that \"a continuing focus of [their] sustainability initiatives is maintaining product integrity and preventing food waste\". However, in 2016, the company agreed to a settlement with the Environmental Protection Agency and Department of Justice, due to allegations it had violated the Clean Air Act by emitting high global warming potential (GWP) and ozone-depleting refrigerants. The company was tasked with reducing its emissions and creating a process to track and repair refrigerants, and was required to use refrigerants with an ultra-low GWP in 15 stores. Since then, the company has not shared its progress to reduce leak rates or publicly report its climate emissions.\r\nThe retailer has also been characterized as \"notoriously secretive\", and it has also been criticized for a lack of transparency by management about the sources of products such as organic milk. Trader Joe's scores the lowest on Green America's chocolate scorecard, as the retailer shares very little about addressing child labor or deforestation caused by the chocolate it sells.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 265, "page": "Trader Joe's", "section_name": "Sustainability"}
-{"text": "Trader Joe's has been taking steps to make its products more environmentally friendly. In 2019, Greenpeace delivered a petition of 100,000 signatures for Trader Joe's to phase out single-use plastics. In response to customer pressure, Trader Joe's committed to stop offering single-use carryout bags nationwide, replace its produce bags with biodegradable and compostable options, replace styrofoam trays, and sell more loose, unwrapped produce.\r\nIn 2021, as part of an ongoing effort to improve packaging, Trader Joe's stated that it had improved over 200 products by eliminating excess components, and increasing the amount of recycled and sustainably sourced materials. The company also removed over 4 million pounds of plastic packaging from its products in 2021. Examples of improvements include removing plastic mesh packaging from produce, converting plastic clamshells for produce to sealed fiber trays, and increasing the number of frozen entrees in a plastic tray with a compostable option.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 265, "page": "Trader Joe's", "section_name": "Improving packaging"}
-{"text": "In January 2025, an Instagram video created by Zoe Rosenberg and Direct Action Everywhere described criminal animal abuse by a Trader Joe's supplier, Petaluma Poultry, a Perdue subsidiary. Trader Joe's took legal action to stop disruptive protests that ensued at its stores.  Activists have continued to call on Trader Joe's to stop purchasing from Petaluma Poultry.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 266, "page": "Trader Joe's", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "Trader Joe's said that in 2021, approximately 99.5% of all products were sold in stores, donated to food recovery partners, or composted. Through its \"Neighborhood Shares Program\", Trader Joe's donates 100% of the unsold products to local food recovery organizations With that system set in place, the Salem, Oregon store was able to donate all their frozen products during a 31-hour power outage before they went to waste. In 2021, the total volume donated amounted to more than $349 million worth of products to nonprofit partners, and nearly 63 million meals served to local communities, while in 2023, they were able to donate $469 million more worth of products to their communities, representing \"104 million pounds of nutritious food\".", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 266, "page": "Trader Joe's", "section_name": "Eliminating food waste"}
-{"text": "In 2016, Wendy's pledged to transition to 100% cage-free eggs by 2020 for their locations that served breakfast. They have since met this goal for all locations that served breakfast in 2016, but have not made progress on their other locations. As of 2024, about 9% of Wendy's eggs were cage-free, prompting demands from shareholders and nonprofits to update their cage-free commitment.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 274, "page": "Wendys", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "On March 23, 2018, Wendy's released an EP titled We Beefin?, a reference to their 1984 slogan Where's the beef?\r\nOn October 3, 2019, Wendy's released a tabletop role-playing game titled Feast of Legends: Rise From the Deep Freeze, in the style of Dungeons & Dragons. A short multi-part adventure was included, pitting Wendy's kingdom against the Ice Jester, a parody of Ronald McDonald, the clown mascot of Wendy's competitor, McDonald's. Critical Role was sponsored for a special event live stream of the game.", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 274, "page": "Wendys", "section_name": "In popular culture"}
-{"text": "In 2021, Yum! Brands committed to transitioning to 100% cage-free eggs in the majority of its locations by 2026, and globally by 2030.", "aw_section": true, "pair_id": 281, "page": "Yum! Brands", "section_name": "Animal welfare"}
-{"text": "A&W Restaurants – Sold to A Great American Brand LLC, a consortium of A&W franchisees, in 2011\r\nD'Angelo Grilled Sandwiches – Sold to Papa Gino's in 1997\r\nHot 'n Now – Acquired by PepsiCo in 1990, placed under the Taco Bell branch. Now mostly defunct, with only 1 out of 150 remaining in Sturgis, Michigan, now owned by BTND, LLC the owner of Burger Time\r\nLong John Silver's – Sold to LJS Partners, Long John Silver's franchisees and other private investors, in 2011\r\nPasta Bravo\r\nSuper Chix\r\nEast Dawning – Spun off into Yum! China in 2016\r\nLittle Sheep – Spun off into Yum! China in 2016", "aw_section": false, "pair_id": 281, "page": "Yum! Brands", "section_name": "Former"}