One-dimensional Adapter to Rule Them All: Concepts Diffusion Models and Erasing Applications
Authors: Mengyao Lyu, Yuhong Yang, Haiwen Hong, Hui Chen, Xuan Jin, Yuan He, Hui Xue, Jungong Han, Guiguang Ding

The prevalent use of commercial and open-source diffusion models (DMs) for text-to-image generation prompts risk mitigation to prevent undesired behaviors. Existing concept erasing methods in academia are all based on full parameter or specification-based fine-tuning from which we observe the following issues: 1) Generation alteration towards erosion: Parameter drift during target elimination causes alterations and potential deformations across all generations even eroding other concepts at varying degrees which is more evident with multi-concept erased; 2) Transfer inability & deployment inefficiency: Previous model-specific erasure impedes the flexible combination of concepts and the training-free transfer towards other models resulting in linear cost growth as the deployment scenarios increase. To achieve non-invasive precise customizable and transferable elimination we ground our erasing framework on one-dimensional adapters to erase multiple concepts from most DMs at once across versatile erasing applications. The concept-SemiPermeable structure is injected as a Membrane (SPM) into any DM to learn targeted erasing and meantime the alteration and erosion phenomenon is effectively mitigated via a novel Latent Anchoring fine-tuning strategy. Once obtained SPMs can be flexibly combined and plug-and-play for other DMs without specific re-tuning enabling timely and efficient adaptation to diverse scenarios. During generation our Facilitated Transport mechanism dynamically regulates the permeability of each SPM to respond to different input prompts further minimizing the impact on other concepts. Quantitative and qualitative results across  40 concepts 7 DMs and 4 erasing applications have demonstrated the superior erasing of SPM. Our code and pre-tuned SPMs are available on the project page https://lyumengyao.github.io/projects/spm.