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gardian-ai-ready-docs

{"metadata":{"id":"001a84db9ca07a6edce89993a8fa7bcf","source":"gardian_index","url":"https://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/f9d98822-e81c-4857-b0a7-50bc782ef2e5/retrieve"},"pageCount":8,"title":"IWMI's research group on urban and peri-urban agriculture started operations in Ghana in 1999 1 under the coordination of Dr. Pay Drechsel. Pay has over 20 years of professional experience in natural resources management and has been living in Ghana for the past eight years. He is an expert in urban agriculture in Africa, a board member of the 'RUAF Foundation' and in the steering committee of the CGIAR initiative 'Urban Harvest'. Since 2005, Pay has been heading IWMI's new global research theme on \"Agriculture, Water and Cities\". He works closely with Dr. Liqa Raschid-Sally who has more than 25 years of professional experience in wastewater management in agriculture with special focus on Asia and Africa, and Dr. Olufunke Cofie, who is the coordinator of the Network of Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security (RUAF) in Anglophone West Africa. The three are supported by a number of staff including Philip Amoah, George Danso, Bernard Keraita and Emmanuel Obuobie, who started their scientific careers as MSc students in IWMI's projects on urban and peri-urban agriculture in Ghana. Today, they are Ph.D. students having affiliations with universities in Ghana, Canada, Denmark and Germany, respectively. George is an Agricultural Economist, Philip studied Environmental Science/Microbiology, and Ben and Emmanuel graduated as Irrigation and Water Engineers. All authors are IWMI staff based in IWMI's Office for Africa in Ghana. The team has over 40 publications on urban and peri-urban agriculture to its credit","keywords":[],"chapters":[{"head":"Foreword","index":1,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":111,"text":"Exotic vegetables, like lettuce, are not part of the traditional Ghanaian diet. However, more than 200,000 urban dwellers eat them daily on Accra's streets, and in canteens and restaurants. About 90% of the perishable vegetables are produced in closest market proximity due to their fragile nature and the common lack of cold transport and storage. These vegetables are a preferred cash crop, which can lift poor farmers out of poverty. On the other hand, farmers have huge problems finding in and around the cities unpolluted water sources for irrigation. This dilemma is directly linked to uncontrolled urbanization and poor sanitation. Ghana is in this regard a representative example for sub-Saharan Africa."},{"index":2,"size":119,"text":"Over the last five years, IWMI's research in Ghana has had a major thrust in urban and periurban agriculture in general and irrigated (open-space) vegetable farming in particular. This book summarizes results from a large number of students' theses and research reports. It gives a comprehensive overview of urban and peri-urban vegetable farming in Ghana's major cities, and highlights besides economic impacts, consequences and perceptions related to the use of wastewater. The book ends with recommendations on how in a low-income country like Ghana health risks for consumers could be effectively reduced, while simultaneously supporting the important contribution of open-space urban and peri-urban agriculture. The book will certainly serve students, the academia and policy makers as an invaluable resource."}]},{"head":"Akiça Bahri","index":2,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":4,"text":"Director for Africa IWMI"}]}],"figures":[{"text":"5. QUANTIFICATION OF MARKETING CHANNELS FOR LETTUCE 7. WATER QUALITY IN AND AROUND THE CITIES 7.WATER QUALITY IN AND AROUND THE CITIES 7.1 Key indicators 7.1Key indicators 7.2 Sampling sites and methods 7.2Sampling sites and methods 7.3 Changes in water quality along the main stream 7.3Changes in water quality along the main stream 7.4 Seasonal variations of coliform levels 7.4Seasonal variations of coliform levels 7.5 Water quality in vegetable farming sites 7.5Water quality in vegetable farming sites INTRODUCTION 7.6 Conclusions and recommendations INTRODUCTION 7.6 Conclusions and recommendations 1.1 The urbanization challenge 1.1The urbanization challenge 8. 1.2 IRRIGATION PRACTICES Urban and peri-urban agriculture 8.1.2 IRRIGATION PRACTICES Urban and peri-urban agriculture 1.3 8.1 Sanitation, water quality and irrigation Sources of irrigation water 1.3 8.1Sanitation, water quality and irrigation Sources of irrigation water 1.4 8.2 Objective and overview of the book Irrigation methods and technologies used 1.4 8.2Objective and overview of the book Irrigation methods and technologies used 8.3 Water and land productivity 8.3Water and land productivity 2. STUDY SITES, CROPPING SYSTEMS AND PROFILE OF FARMERS 8.4 Options and constraints to technology change 2.STUDY SITES, CROPPING SYSTEMS AND PROFILE OF FARMERS 8.4 Options and constraints to technology change 2.1 8.5 The study sites in Ghana Faecal sludge as a source of nutrients 2.1 8.5The study sites in Ghana Faecal sludge as a source of nutrients 2.2 8.6 Irrigated urban agriculture in Accra Conclusions and recommendations 2.2 8.6Irrigated urban agriculture in Accra Conclusions and recommendations 2.3 Irrigated urban agriculture in Kumasi 2.3Irrigated urban agriculture in Kumasi 9. 2.4 QUALITY OF VEGETABLES IN URBAN MARKETS Irrigated urban agriculture in Tamale 9.2.4 QUALITY OF VEGETABLES IN URBAN MARKETS Irrigated urban agriculture in Tamale 2.5 9.1 Irrigated urban agriculture in other cities Sampling and analyses 2.5 9.1Irrigated urban agriculture in other cities Sampling and analyses 2.6 9.3 General farming characteristics Coliform counts 2.6 9.3General farming characteristics Coliform counts 2.7 9.4 Profile of urban vegetable farmers in Ghana Helminth eggs 2.7 9.4Profile of urban vegetable farmers in Ghana Helminth eggs 9.5 Heavy metals 9.5Heavy metals 3. GENDER IN IRRIGATED URBAN VEGETABLE FARMING 9.6 Pesticides 3.GENDER IN IRRIGATED URBAN VEGETABLE FARMING 9.6 Pesticides 3.1 9.7 General situation Conclusions and recommendations 3.1 9.7General situation Conclusions and recommendations 3.2 Male dominance in urban open-space vegetable farming 3.2Male dominance in urban open-space vegetable farming 10. 3.3 PERCEPTIONS OF STAKEHOLDERS Female dominance in marketing of urban farm produce 10.3.3 PERCEPTIONS OF STAKEHOLDERS Female dominance in marketing of urban farm produce 3.4 10.1 Data collection Conclusions 3.4 10.1 Data collection Conclusions 10.2 Perceptions of farmers 10.2 Perceptions of farmers 4. FINANCIAL BENEFITS AND TRADE-OFFS 10.3 Perceptions of vegetable sellers 4.FINANCIAL BENEFITS AND TRADE-OFFS 10.3 Perceptions of vegetable sellers 4.1 10.4 Perceptions of consumers Financial analysis 4.1 10.4 Perceptions of consumers Financial analysis 4.2 10.5 Perceptions of city officials Comparing informal and formal irrigation 4.2 10.5 Perceptions of city officials Comparing informal and formal irrigation 4.3 10.6 Perceptions of the Government Socio-economic impact and urban food supply 4.3 10.6 Perceptions of the Government Socio-economic impact and urban food supply 4.4 10.7 Perceptions and role of the media Externalities 4.4 10.7 Perceptions and role of the media Externalities 4.5 10.8 Conclusions Conclusions 4.5 10.8 Conclusions Conclusions 11. INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF URBAN FARMING AND 11.INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF URBAN FARMING AND 5.1 \"WASTEWATER IRRIGATION\" Background and objectives 5.1 \"WASTEWATER IRRIGATION\" Background and objectives 5.2 11.1 Informality of irrigated urban farming Details on surveys 5.2 11.1 Informality of irrigated urban farming Details on surveys 5.3 11.2 Agencies relevant to irrigated urban farming Marketing 5.3 11.2 Agencies relevant to irrigated urban farming Marketing 5.4 11.3 Regulatory bylaws Food flows 5.4 11.3 Regulatory bylaws Food flows 5.5 11.4 Integration into city planning Customers and consumers 5.5 11.4 Integration into city planning Customers and consumers 5.6 11.5 Conclusions Conclusions and strategies for improved hygiene 5.6 11.5 Conclusions Conclusions and strategies for improved hygiene 6. 12. SANITATION AND URBAN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT THE WAY FORWARD: HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT IN 6. 12.SANITATION AND URBAN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT THE WAY FORWARD: HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT IN 6.1 LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES Review on wastewater concepts 6.1 LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES Review on wastewater concepts 6.2 12.1 Applying international guidelines Domestic wastewater disposal and treatment in Ghana 6.2 12.1 Applying international guidelines Domestic wastewater disposal and treatment in Ghana 6.3 12.2 The new WHO guidelines Kumasi as a case study 6.3 12.2 The new WHO guidelines Kumasi as a case study 6.4 12.3 Prioritizing risk management strategies Situation in Accra and Tamale 6.4 12.3 Prioritizing risk management strategies Situation in Accra and Tamale 6.5 12.4 Intermediate options for risk management Applicability of conventional wastewater treatment systems 6.5 12.4 Intermediate options for risk management Applicability of conventional wastewater treatment systems 6.6 12.5 Need for further research Conclusions and recommendations 6.6 12.5 Need for further research Conclusions and recommendations "}],"sieverID":"b8b51d33-4c60-4b77-a751-64340203653a","abstract":""}