Q: Do measures have patterns that make up bigger measures? Like I've noticed how every 4 measures makes up one full chord progression on a lot of 4/4 songs.  Are there super-measures, which are made up of measures?
A: sometimes that is called a '4 bar phrase' or an '8 bar phrase'. it is no secret that musical time is perceived by default in groupings of powers of 2. (2,4,8,16 etc)