### Clue: Language test went up by a penny (5)
### Answer: PROSE 
 ### Explanation: Definition: Language test
A charade of P ('penny') plus ROSE ('went up'). That leaves 'language test' as the definition, which seemed at first a little odd, but Chambers gives among the definitions of PROSE "a passage of prose for translation from or *usu* into a foreign language, as an exercise".