first draft of model card
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README.md
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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---
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---
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language:
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- en
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license: apache-2.0
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library_name: transformers
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tags:
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- incivility
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metrics:
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- f1
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---
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# Model Card for roberta-base-namecalling
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This is a [roBERTa-base](https://huggingface.co/roberta-base) model fine-tuned on ~12K social media posts annotated for the presence or absence of namecalling.
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# How to Get Started with the Model
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You can use this model directly with a pipeline for text classification:
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```python
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>>> import transformers
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>>> model_name = "roberta-base-namecalling"
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>>> classifier = transformers.TextClassificationPipeline(
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... tokenizer=transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name),
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... model=transformers.AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_name))
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>>> classifier("Be careful around those Democrats.")
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[{'label': 'not-namecalling', 'score': 0.9995089769363403}]
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>>> classifier("Be careful around those DemocRats.")
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[{'label': 'namecalling', 'score': 0.996940016746521}]
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```
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# Model Details
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This is a 2023 update of the model built by [Ozler et al. (2020)](https://aclanthology.org/2020.alw-1.4/) incorporating data from [Rains et al. (2021)](https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqab009) and using a more recent version of the transformers library.
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- **Developed by:**
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[Steven Bethard](https://bethard.github.io/),
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[Kate Kenski](https://comm.arizona.edu/user/kate-kenski),
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[Steve Rains](https://comm.arizona.edu/user/steve-rains),
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[Yotam Shmargad](https://www.yotamshmargad.com/),
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[Kevin Coe](https://faculty.utah.edu/u0915886-Kevin_Coe/)
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- **Language:** en
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- **License:** apache-2.0
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- **Parent Model:** roberta-base
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- **Resources for more information:**
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- [GitHub Repo](https://github.com/clulab/incivility)
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- Kadir Bulut Ozler; Kate Kenski; Steve Rains; Yotam Shmargad; Kevin Coe; and Steven Bethard. [Fine-tuning for multi-domain and multi-label uncivil language detection](https://aclanthology.org/2020.alw-1.4/). In Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms, pages 28–33, Online, November 2020. Association for Computational Linguistics
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- Stephen A Rains; Yotam Shmargad; Kevin Coe; Kate Kenski; and Steven Bethard. [Assessing the Russian Troll Efforts to Sow Discord on Twitter during the 2016 U.S. Election](https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqab009). Human Communication Research, 47(4): 477-486. 08 2021.
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- Stephen A Rains; Jake Harwood; Yotam Shmargad; Kate Kenski; Kevin Coe; and Steven Bethard. [Engagement with partisan Russian troll tweets during the 2016 U.S. presidential election: a social identity perspective](https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac037). Journal of Communication, 73(1): 38-48. 02 2023.
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# Uses
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The model is intended to be used for text classification, taking as input social media posts and predicting as output whether the post contains namecalling.
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It is not intended to generate namecalling, and it should not be used as part of any incivility generation model.
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# Training Details
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The model was trained on data from four sources: comments on the Arizona Daily Star website from 2011, Russian troll Tweets from 2012-2018, Tucson politician Tweets from 2018, and US presidential primary Tweets from 2019.
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Each dataset was annotated for the presence of namecalling following the approach of [Coe et al. (2014)](https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12104) and split into training, development, and test partitions.
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The [roberta-base](https://huggingface.co/roberta-base) model was fine-tuned on the combined training partitions from all four datasets, with texts tokenized using the standard [roberta-base](https://huggingface.co/roberta-base) tokenizer.
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# Evaluation
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The model was evaluated on the test partition of each of the datasets. It achieves the following F1 scores:
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- 0.58 F1 on Arizona Daily Star comments
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- 0.71 F1 on Russian troll Tweets
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- 0.71 F1 on Tucson politician Tweets
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- 0.81 F1 on US presidential primary Tweets
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# Limitations and Biases
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The human coders and their trainers were mostly [Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic (WEIRD)](https://www.nature.com/articles/466029a), which may have shaped how they evaluated incivility.
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The trained models will reflect such biases.
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# Environmental Impact
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- **Hardware Type:** Tesla V100S-PCIE-32GB
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- **Hours used:** 22
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- **HPC Provider:** <https://hpc.arizona.edu/>
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- **Carbon Emitted:** 2.85 kg CO2 (estimated by [ML CO2 Impact](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute))
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# Citation
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{ozler-etal-2020-fine,
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title = "Fine-tuning for multi-domain and multi-label uncivil language detection",
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author = "Ozler, Kadir Bulut and
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Kenski, Kate and
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Rains, Steve and
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Shmargad, Yotam and
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Coe, Kevin and
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Bethard, Steven",
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booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms",
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month = nov,
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year = "2020",
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address = "Online",
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publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
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url = "https://aclanthology.org/2020.alw-1.4",
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doi = "10.18653/v1/2020.alw-1.4",
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pages = "28--33",
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}
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```
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