| 锘縇ABOR LAWS | |
| Law: Fair Labor Standards Act | |
| Description: Establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and child labor standards. | |
| Law: Occupational Safety and Health Act | |
| Description: Ensures safe and healthy working conditions by setting standards and providing enforcement mechanisms. | |
| Law: Family and Medical Leave Act | |
| Description: Allows eligible employees to take unpaid, job-protected leave for family or medical reasons. | |
| Law: National Labor Relations Act | |
| Description: Protects employees' rights to form and join labor unions and engage in collective bargaining. | |
| Law: Equal Pay Act | |
| Description: Prohibits gender-based wage discrimination for equal work performed by men and women. | |
| Law: Age Discrimination in Employment Act | |
| Description: Prohibits age-based discrimination against individuals who are 40 years old or older. | |
| Law: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act | |
| Description: Prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. | |
| Law: Americans with Disabilities Act | |
| Description: Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in employment and public accommodations. | |
| Law: Pregnancy Discrimination Act | |
| Description: Protects pregnant employees from discrimination based on pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions. | |
| Law: Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act | |
| Description: Requires employers to provide advance notice of mass layoffs or plant closures. | |
| Law: Davis-Bacon Act | |
| Description: Requires payment of prevailing wages on federally funded construction projects. | |
| Law: Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act | |
| Description: Protects the employment rights of individuals who serve in the uniformed services. | |
| Law: Employee Retirement Income Security Act | |
| Description: Sets standards for employee benefit plans, including pension and health plans. | |
| Law: Mine Safety and Health Act | |
| Description: Establishes safety and health standards for mining operations and promotes safe working conditions. | |
| Law: Immigration Reform and Control Act | |
| Description: Prohibits employment of unauthorized immigrants and establishes verification requirements. | |
| Law: Employee Polygraph Protection Act | |
| Description: Restricts the use of lie detector tests in employment, with certain exceptions. | |
| Law: Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act | |
| Description: Sets minimum wage and working conditions for contractors engaged in federal contracts. | |
| Law: Worker's Compensation Laws | |
| Description: Provides benefits to employees who suffer work-related injuries or illnesses. | |
| Law: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act | |
| Description: Prohibits employment discrimination based on genetic information. | |
| Law: Worker's Bill of Rights | |
| Description: Ensures certain rights, including the right to organize and engage in collective bargaining. | |
| Law: Employee Free Choice Act | |
| Description: Aims to simplify the unionization process and strengthen workers' rights to organize and bargain collectively. | |
| Law: Whistleblower Protection Act | |
| Description: Provides protection to employees who report violations of laws, regulations, or wrongdoing by their employers. | |
| Law: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Act | |
| Description: Authorizes the establishment and enforcement of safety and health standards in workplaces. | |
| Law: Worker's Right to Know Act | |
| Description: Requires employers to provide employees with information about hazardous substances present in the workplace. | |
| Law: Affordable Care Act | |
| Description: Expands access to healthcare coverage and establishes employer mandates for offering health insurance. | |
| Law: Worker Adjustment Retraining and Notification Act (WARN Act) | |
| Description: Requires employers to provide advance notice to employees in the event of mass layoffs or plant closures. | |
| Law: Employee Polygraph Protection Act | |
| Description: Prohibits most private employers from using lie detector tests for employment screening purposes. | |
| Law: Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act | |
| Description: Extends the statute of limitations for filing pay discrimination claims based on gender, race, or age. | |
| Law: Worker Economic Opportunity Act | |
| Description: Provides funding for employment and training programs to assist dislocated workers and enhance job opportunities. | |
| Law: National Apprenticeship Act | |
| Description: Establishes a system of apprenticeships and promotes the training and employment of skilled workers. | |
| Law: Federal Mine Safety and Health Act | |
| Description: Sets safety and health standards for mining operations and establishes enforcement mechanisms. | |
| Law: Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act | |
| Description: Provides protections for migrant and seasonal agricultural workers, including wage and working condition regulations. | |
| Law: Defense Base Act | |
| Description: Provides workers' compensation benefits to employees working overseas under US government contracts. | |
| Law: National Labor Relations Act (Taft-Hartley Act) | |
| Description: Defines unfair labor practices and provides regulations for union activities and collective bargaining. | |
| Law: Executive Order 11246 | |
| Description: Prohibits federal contractors and subcontractors from discriminating in employment based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. | |
| Law: Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) | |
| Description: Protects the employment rights of individuals who serve in the military or uniformed services. | |
| Law: Immigration and Nationality Act | |
| Description: Governs immigration policies and regulations, including employment eligibility and visa programs. | |
| Law: Worker Safety and Health in Disaster Response Act | |
| Description: Provides protections for workers involved in disaster response and recovery efforts. | |
| Law: Employee Commuting Flexibility Act | |
| Description: Allows employees to use pre-tax dollars for commuting expenses, such as transit passes or parking fees. | |
| Law: Employee Ownership Assistance and Corporation Expansion Act | |
| Description: Promotes employee ownership and provides assistance to employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs). | |
| Law: Worker's Right to Strike Act | |
| Description: Protects the right of workers to engage in strikes and other concerted activities for collective bargaining purposes. | |
| Law: Fair Credit Reporting Act | |
| Description: Regulates the collection, dissemination, and use of consumer credit information by employers and others. | |
| Law: National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) | |
| Description: Establishes the rights of employees to organize and bargain collectively with their employers. | |
| Law: Electronic Communications Privacy Act | |
| Description: Protects the privacy of electronic communications and regulates the interception and disclosure of electronic information in the workplace. | |
| Law: Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act | |
| Description: Provides funding for employment and training programs to assist job seekers and enhance workforce development. | |
| Law: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) | |
| Description: Enforces federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or genetic information. | |
| Law: Rehabilitation Act of 1973 | |
| Description: Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in federal government employment and by federal contractors. | |
| Law: Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN Act) | |
| Description: Requires employers to provide advance notice of plant closings and mass layoffs that may affect workers' employment. | |
| Law: Sarbanes-Oxley Act | |
| Description: Sets standards for corporate governance and requires public companies to disclose financial information accurately and protect whistleblowers. | |
| Law: Veterans' Employment and Training Service (VETS) | |
| Description: Provides employment and training services to veterans and protects their rights under federal employment laws. | |
| Law: Equal Employment Opportunity Act | |
| Description: Strengthens enforcement mechanisms and remedies for employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or disability. | |
| Law: Worker's Compensation Laws | |
| Description: Provides benefits to employees who suffer work-related injuries or illnesses, including medical care and wage replacement. | |
| Law: Employee Safe Harbor Act | |
| Description: Protects employees from retaliation when reporting violations of workplace safety and health regulations. | |
| Law: National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) | |
| Description: Protects the rights of employees to engage in collective bargaining and prohibits unfair labor practices by employers. | |
| Law: Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) | |
| Description: Establishes the federal unemployment insurance program to provide benefits to eligible unemployed workers. | |
| Law: Worker's Bill of Rights | |
| Description: Ensures certain fundamental rights for workers, such as fair wages, safe working conditions, and the right to organize. | |
| Law: Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response (MINER) Act | |
| Description: Strengthens safety standards for mining operations and enhances emergency response capabilities. | |
| Law: Davis-Bacon and Related Acts | |
| Description: Requires the payment of prevailing wages and benefits to laborers and mechanics working on federally funded construction projects. | |
| Law: National Labor Relations Act (Landrum-Griffin Act) | |
| Description: Regulates internal affairs of labor unions and provides protections for union members' rights. | |
| Law: Worker's Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) | |
| Description: Provides tax incentives to employers who hire individuals from specific target groups facing barriers to employment. | |
| Law: Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) | |
| Description: Sets standards for pension plans and establishes protections for employees' retirement benefits. | |
| Law: Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) | |
| Description: Prohibits employment discrimination based on an individual's genetic information. | |
| Law: Fair Credit Billing Act | |
| Description: Provides consumer protections for billing errors and unauthorized charges on credit accounts. | |
| Law: National Apprenticeship Act (Fitzgerald Act) | |
| Description: Promotes apprenticeship programs and supports the training and development of skilled workers. | |
| Law: Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACT Act) | |
| Description: Provides consumer protections related to accuracy, privacy, and fairness of credit reporting. | |
| Law: Employee Commuting Flexibility Act | |
| Description: Allows employees to use pre-tax dollars for commuting expenses, such as public transit or parking fees. | |
| Law: Civil Rights Act of 1991 | |
| Description: Provides additional protections against employment discrimination and allows for the recovery of compensatory and punitive damages. | |
| Law: Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) | |
| Description: Establishes requirements for employment eligibility verification and prohibits employment of unauthorized immigrants. | |
| Law: Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) | |
| Description: Provides tax incentives to employers who hire individuals from specific target groups facing barriers to employment. | |
| Law: Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA) | |
| Description: Provides protections for older workers regarding employee benefits and prohibits age-based discrimination. | |
| Law: Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACTA) | |
| Description: Provides consumer protections related to identity theft, credit reporting, and disposal of personal information. | |
| Law: Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) | |
| Description: Provides a structure for employees to have ownership in the company through the allocation of company stock. | |
| Law: Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) | |
| Description: Protects the employment rights of individuals who serve or have served in the uniformed services. | |
| Law: Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) | |
| Description: Establishes corporate governance standards and enhances protections for whistleblowers in public companies. | |
| Law: Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA) | |
| Description: Restricts the use of lie detector tests in employment, with certain exemptions for specific industries. | |
| Law: Consumer Credit Protection Act (CCPA) | |
| Description: Encompasses various consumer credit protections, including provisions related to wage garnishment and debt collection practices. | |
| Law: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Act | |
| Description: Authorizes the establishment and enforcement of safety and health standards in the workplace. | |
| Law: Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA) | |
| Description: Provides workers' compensation benefits to federal employees who sustain work-related injuries or illnesses. | |
| Law: Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) Description: Protects the employment rights of individuals who serve or have served in the uniformed services. | |
| Law: Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA) | |
| Description: Regulates internal affairs of labor unions and establishes reporting requirements for unions and their officials. | |
| Law: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) | |
| Description: Requires employers to provide information and training regarding hazardous chemicals in the workplace. | |
| Law: National Apprenticeship Act of 1937 (Fitzgerald Act) | |
| Description: Establishes a national apprenticeship system to promote skills development and workforce training. | |
| Law: Civil Rights Act of 1866 | |
| Description: Prohibits racial discrimination in employment and contracts based on race or color. | |
| Law: Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) | |
| Description: Protects the employment rights of individuals who serve or have served in the uniformed services. | |
| Law: Consumer Credit Protection Act (CCPA) | |
| Description: Provides protections for consumers in the areas of credit, debt collection, and wage garnishment. | |
| Law: Federal Rail Safety Act (FRSA) | |
| Description: Protects railroad workers from retaliation for reporting safety concerns or injuries. | |
| Law: Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) | |
| Description: Governs immigration policies and regulations, including employment-based visas and work authorization. | |
| Law: Civil Rights Act of 1871 (42 U.S.C. 搂 1983) | |
| Description: Allows individuals to seek legal remedies for violations of their constitutional rights by state or local officials. | |
| Law: Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Statute | |
| Description: Provides a framework for collective bargaining and labor relations in the federal government. | |
| Law: Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) | |
| Description: Supports job training and employment services for individuals seeking to enter or re-enter the workforce. | |
| Law: Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA) | |
| Description: Provides workers' compensation benefits to federal employees who suffer work-related injuries or illnesses. | |
| Law: Davis-Bacon and Related Acts (DBRA) | |
| Description: Requires the payment of prevailing wages on federally funded construction projects. | |
| Law: Small Business Job Protection Act (SBJPA) | |
| Description: Provides tax incentives and regulatory relief for small businesses to promote job creation. | |
| Law: Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) | |
| Description: Sets standards for private pension plans and protects employees' retirement benefits. | |
| Law: Defense Base Act (DBA) | |
| Description: Provides workers' compensation coverage to civilian employees working overseas on US government contracts. | |
| Law: Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act | |
| Description: Expands protections for federal employees who report waste, fraud, or abuse in government agencies. | |
| Law: Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act | |
| Description: Extends the time period for filing pay discrimination claims based on gender, race, or age. | |
| Law: Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response (MINER) Act | |
| Description: Strengthens safety standards for mining operations and enhances emergency response capabilities. | |
| Law: Federal Employees' Family Friendly Leave Act | |
| Description: Provides federal employees with leave options for certain family-related events or circumstances. | |
| Law: National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) Amendments | |
| Description: Amends and updates provisions of the NLRA related to union elections and unfair labor practices. | |
| TAX LAWS | |
| Law: Standard Deduction | |
| Description: The standard deduction is a fixed amount that reduces the taxable income of an individual or a married couple filing jointly, without the need to itemize deductions. | |
| Law: Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) | |
| Description: The EITC is a refundable tax credit designed to benefit low-to-moderate income individuals and families. It provides financial assistance based on income, filing status, and the number of qualifying children. | |
| Law: Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) | |
| Description: The AMT is a parallel tax system that ensures individuals or corporations with high incomes pay a minimum amount of tax, even if they have significant deductions and credits. | |
| Law: Child Tax Credit | |
| Description: The Child Tax Credit provides a tax credit for each qualifying child under the age of 17, which helps reduce the tax liability for eligible parents or guardians. | |
| Law: Capital Gains Tax | |
| Description: Capital gains tax is a tax imposed on the profits generated from the sale of assets such as stocks, bonds, real estate, or other investments. | |
| Law: Estate Tax | |
| Description: Estate tax is a tax imposed on the transfer of an individual's assets after their death. It applies to the value of the estate exceeding a certain threshold. | |
| Law: Gift Tax | |
| Description: Gift tax is a tax imposed on the transfer of property or money as a gift. The donor is generally responsible for paying the tax, but certain exclusions and exemptions apply. | |
| Law: Corporate Income Tax | |
| Description: Corporate income tax is a tax levied on the profits earned by corporations. The tax rate and regulations vary depending on the jurisdiction. | |
| Law: Self-Employment Tax | |
| Description: Self-employment tax is a tax imposed on individuals who work for themselves. It consists of both the employer and employee portions of Social Security and Medicare taxes. | |
| Law: Affordable Care Act (ACA) Individual Mandate | |
| Description: The ACA Individual Mandate required individuals to have health insurance coverage or pay a penalty, but it has been repealed for tax years after 2018. | |
| Law: Qualified Business Income Deduction (Section 199A) | |
| Description: The Section 199A deduction allows eligible individuals, partnerships, S corporations, and certain trusts and estates to deduct up to 20% of qualified business income from pass-through entities. | |
| Law: Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE) | |
| Description: The FEIE allows U.S. citizens or resident aliens living abroad to exclude a certain amount of their foreign earned income from U.S. federal income tax. | |
| Law: Payroll Taxes | |
| Description: Payroll taxes are taxes withheld from employees' wages by employers to fund Social Security, Medicare, and other government programs. | |
| Law: Health Savings Account (HSA) | |
| Description: HSAs are tax-advantaged savings accounts available to individuals with high-deductible health plans, allowing them to save for medical expenses with pre-tax dollars. | |
| Law: Rollover IRA | |
| Description: A Rollover IRA is a type of retirement account that allows individuals to transfer funds from a qualified retirement plan, such as a 401(k), into an IRA without incurring tax penalties. | |
| Law: Home Mortgage Interest Deduction | |
| Description: The home mortgage interest deduction allows eligible homeowners to deduct the interest paid on mortgage loans used to purchase or improve their primary residence. | |
| Law: Charitable Contribution Deduction | |
| Description: The charitable contribution deduction allows taxpayers who itemize deductions to deduct donations made to qualified charitable organizations, subject to certain limitations. | |
| Law: Education Tax Credits | |
| Description: Education tax credits, such as the American Opportunity Credit and the Lifetime Learning Credit, provide financial assistance to taxpayers who incur qualified education expenses. | |
| Law: Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT) | |
| Description: The NIIT is a 3.8% tax imposed on certain investment income, such as dividends, capital gains, and rental income, for taxpayers with high income levels. | |
| Law: State and Local Tax (SALT) Deduction | |
| Description: The SALT deduction allows taxpayers to deduct certain state and local taxes paid, such as income tax, sales tax, or property tax, from their federal income tax. | |
| Law: Energy Efficiency Tax Credits | |
| Description: Energy efficiency tax credits provide incentives to individuals who make qualified energy-efficient improvements to their homes or purchase energy-efficient appliances. | |
| Law: Health Insurance Premium Tax Credit | |
| Description: The Premium Tax Credit helps eligible individuals and families afford health insurance purchased through the Health Insurance Marketplace by reducing their monthly premium costs. | |
| Law: Section 1031 Exchange | |
| Description: A Section 1031 exchange allows individuals to defer capital gains taxes on the sale of certain types of property by reinvesting the proceeds into a similar property. | |
| Law: Child and Dependent Care Credit | |
| Description: The Child and Dependent Care Credit provides a tax credit for eligible expenses paid for the care of qualifying children under the age of 13 or disabled dependents. | |
| Law: Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief | |
| Description: The Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act allows taxpayers to exclude certain canceled mortgage debt from their taxable income, providing relief for homeowners facing foreclosure or short sales. | |
| Law: Adoption Tax Credit | |
| Description: The Adoption Tax Credit provides a tax credit to taxpayers who incur qualified adoption expenses, helping offset the costs associated with adopting a child. | |
| Law: Foreign Tax Credit | |
| Description: The Foreign Tax Credit allows taxpayers to offset their U.S. tax liability by the amount of income taxes paid to a foreign country on foreign-sourced income. | |
| Law: Section 1256 Contracts | |
| Description: Section 1256 contracts are a specific type of financial instrument, such as regulated futures contracts and options, subject to special tax rules, including marked-to-market accounting and lower capital gains tax rates. | |
| Law: Qualified Tuition Programs (529 Plans) | |
| Description: 529 plans are tax-advantaged savings plans designed to encourage saving for future education expenses. Earnings grow tax-free, and withdrawals are tax-free when used for qualified educational expenses. | |
| Law: Section 179 Expense Deduction | |
| Description: The Section 179 expense deduction allows businesses to deduct the full cost of qualifying equipment and property purchased or leased during the tax year, up to a certain limit. | |
| Law: Research and Development (R&D) Tax Credit | |
| Description: The R&D tax credit provides an incentive for businesses to invest in research and development activities by allowing them to claim a credit based on qualified R&D expenditures. | |
| Law: Inheritance Tax | |
| Description: Inheritance tax is a tax imposed on the transfer of assets or property from a deceased person to their heirs or beneficiaries. The tax rate and exemptions vary by jurisdiction. | |
| Law: Employee Stock Purchase Plans (ESPPs) | |
| Description: ESPPs are programs that allow employees to purchase company stock at a discounted price, often through payroll deductions, with potential tax advantages. | |
| Law: Social Security Tax | |
| Description: Social Security tax, also known as the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) tax, is a payroll tax that funds the Social Security program, providing retirement, disability, and survivor benefits. | |
| Law: Medicare Tax | |
| Description: Medicare tax is a payroll tax that funds the Medicare program, which provides health insurance coverage for individuals aged 65 and older, as well as certain disabled individuals. | |
| Law: Hobby Loss Rules | |
| Description: Hobby loss rules restrict the ability to deduct losses from activities not engaged in for profit. Expenses exceeding income from a hobby may not be fully deductible. | |
| Law: Passive Activity Loss Rules | |
| Description: Passive activity loss rules limit the ability to deduct losses from passive activities, such as rental properties, against active income. Deductions may be limited based on individual circumstances. | |
| Law: Section 529 College Savings Plans | |
| Description: Section 529 college savings plans are state-sponsored savings accounts that allow families to save for future college expenses with potential tax benefits, such as tax-free growth and withdrawals for qualified education expenses. | |
| Law: Qualified Opportunity Zones | |
| Description: Qualified Opportunity Zones are designated economically distressed communities where taxpayers can invest capital gains from other investments to potentially receive tax benefits, such as deferral and reduction of capital gains tax. | |
| Law: Cancellation of Debt (COD) Income | |
| Description: COD income arises when a lender forgives or cancels a debt, resulting in taxable income to the debtor unless an exclusion or exception applies. | |
| Law: Section 1244 Stock Loss Deduction | |
| Description: The Section 1244 stock loss deduction allows individuals to deduct losses from the sale or worthlessness of qualifying small business corporation (SBIC) stock as ordinary losses rather than capital losses. | |
| Law: Hobby Income | |
| Description: Hobby income refers to income earned from activities not engaged in as a trade or business. While it's reportable, deductions may be limited to the extent of hobby income. | |
| Law: Section 45 Renewable Energy Production Tax Credit | |
| Description: The Section 45 Production Tax Credit provides a tax credit to eligible producers of renewable energy, such as wind, biomass, geothermal, and certain types of hydroelectric power. | |
| Law: AMT Credit | |
| Description: The Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) credit allows taxpayers to offset their regular tax liability by unused AMT credits from previous years, helping to reduce their overall tax burden. | |
| Law: Section 1033 Involuntary Conversion | |
| Description: Section 1033 allows taxpayers to defer capital gains tax on the involuntary conversion of property, such as when property is destroyed, condemned, or seized, and the proceeds are reinvested in similar property. | |
| Law: Foreign Bank Account Reporting (FBAR) | |
| Description: FBAR requires U.S. taxpayers to report their foreign financial accounts if the aggregate value exceeds a certain threshold, helping to prevent tax evasion and enforce international tax laws. | |
| Law: Section 199 Domestic Production Activities Deduction | |
| Description: The Section 199 deduction provides a tax break to businesses engaged in qualified domestic production activities, such as manufacturing, construction, engineering, and certain software development. | |
| Law: Subpart F Income | |
| Description: Subpart F income refers to certain types of income earned by controlled foreign corporations (CFCs) that are currently taxable to U.S. shareholders, even if not distributed. | |
| Law: Conservation Easements | |
| Description: Conservation easements allow property owners to voluntarily restrict the use of their land to protect its conservation value, potentially qualifying for tax deductions based on the value of the easement. | |
| Law: Health Flexible Spending Account (FSA) | |
| Description: Health FSAs allow employees to set aside pre-tax dollars from their salary to pay for eligible medical expenses not covered by insurance. | |
| Law: Section 1035 Exchange | |
| Description: A Section 1035 exchange allows individuals to exchange certain insurance policies or annuity contracts without incurring immediate tax consequences. | |
| Law: Net Operating Loss (NOL) Carryforward and Carryback | |
| Description: NOL carryforward and carryback provisions allow businesses to offset current or future taxable income with losses incurred in previous or future years. | |
| Law: Child and Dependent Care Flexible Spending Account (FSA) | |
| Description: Child and Dependent Care FSAs allow employees to set aside pre-tax dollars from their salary to pay for eligible child and dependent care expenses. | |
| Law: Section 457 Deferred Compensation Plans | |
| Description: Section 457 plans are employer-sponsored retirement plans available to certain governmental and non-profit employees, allowing them to defer compensation until retirement. | |
| Law: Section 121 Exclusion | |
| Description: The Section 121 exclusion allows individuals to exclude up to a certain amount of capital gains from the sale of their primary residence if certain conditions are met. | |
| Law: Passive Foreign Investment Company (PFIC) Rules | |
| Description: PFIC rules apply to certain foreign investments and require specialized tax reporting and potentially adverse tax treatment. | |
| Law: Nonqualified Deferred Compensation (NQDC) Plans | |
| Description: NQDC plans allow certain employees to defer compensation and potentially receive it in future years, subject to specific tax rules and limitations. | |
| Law: Section 199 Domestic Production Activities Deduction for Specified Agricultural and Horticultural Cooperatives | |
| Description: This provision allows specified agricultural and horticultural cooperatives to claim a special deduction under Section 199 for qualified production activities. | |
| Law: Section 1202 Qualified Small Business Stock Exclusion | |
| Description: Section 1202 allows eligible investors to exclude a portion of the capital gains from the sale of qualified small business stock held for a certain period of time. | |
| Law: Section 1031 Opportunity Zones | |
| Description: Section 1031 Opportunity Zones provide a tax deferral opportunity for taxpayers who invest their capital gains in designated opportunity zones, aimed at encouraging investment in economically distressed areas. | |
| Law: Health Reimbursement Arrangements (HRAs) | |
| Description: HRAs are employer-funded arrangements that reimburse employees for qualified medical expenses, providing a tax-advantaged way to cover healthcare costs. | |
| Law: Section 67 Miscellaneous Itemized Deductions | |
| Description: Section 67 miscellaneous itemized deductions are certain expenses that can be claimed as deductions on Schedule A of the individual tax return, subject to certain limitations. | |
| Law: Rehabilitation Tax Credit | |
| Description: The Rehabilitation Tax Credit provides an incentive for the preservation and rehabilitation of historic buildings by allowing taxpayers to claim a credit based on qualified expenses. | |
| Law: Section 409A Nonqualified Deferred Compensation | |
| Description: Section 409A regulates the taxation of nonqualified deferred compensation plans and imposes strict rules on the timing of deferral elections and distributions. | |
| Law: Section 179D Energy-Efficient Commercial Building Deduction | |
| Description: Section 179D allows owners or designers of energy-efficient commercial buildings to claim a deduction based on the energy efficiency improvements made to the property. | |
| Law: Section 45L Energy-Efficient Home Credit | |
| Description: The Section 45L credit provides a tax credit to homebuilders for the construction of energy-efficient homes that meet specific energy-saving criteria. | |
| Law: Section 45Q Carbon Capture and Sequestration Tax Credit | |
| Description: Section 45Q offers a tax credit to incentivize carbon capture and sequestration projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote environmental sustainability. | |
| Law: Section 199A Qualified Opportunity Zone Business Deduction | |
| Description: The Section 199A deduction allows eligible taxpayers who invest in qualified opportunity zone businesses to deduct up to a certain percentage of qualified business income. | |
| Law: Section 199A Rental Real Estate Safe Harbor | |
| Description: The Section 199A safe harbor provides a simplified method for rental real estate enterprises to qualify for the Section 199A deduction as a trade or business. | |
| Law: Section 6050Y Cryptocurrency Reporting | |
| Description: Section 6050Y imposes reporting requirements on certain cryptocurrency transactions, including the sale, exchange, or receipt of virtual currencies. | |
| Law: Section 402(g) Limit on Elective Deferrals | |
| Description: Section 402(g) sets limits on the amount of elective deferrals an individual can contribute to qualified retirement plans, such as 401(k) plans, in a given tax year. | |
| Law: Section 415 Contribution and Benefit Limitations | |
| Description: Section 415 imposes limits on the maximum annual contributions and benefits that can be received from qualified retirement plans. | |
| Law: Section 1032 Transfer of Stock or Securities to Corporation Controlled by Transferor | |
| Description: Section 1032 allows for tax-free transfers of stock or securities to a corporation in exchange for stock of the corporation, preserving the tax-deferred nature of the transaction. | |
| Law: Section 67(e) Exception for Trusts and Estates | |
| Description: Section 67(e) provides an exception to the 2% floor on miscellaneous itemized deductions for certain costs incurred by trusts and estates. | |
| Law: Section 401(k) Retirement Plans | |
| Description: Section 401(k) plans are employer-sponsored retirement plans that allow employees to contribute a portion of their salary on a pre-tax basis, with potential employer matching contributions. | |
| Law: Section 162 Business Expense Deduction | |
| Description: Section 162 allows businesses to deduct ordinary and necessary expenses incurred in carrying out their trade or business, subject to certain limitations. | |
| Law: Section 1231 Property | |
| Description: Section 1231 property refers to certain types of depreciable property used in a trade or business, such as real estate and equipment, eligible for favorable tax treatment upon sale or exchange. | |
| Law: Section 179D Energy-Efficient Commercial Buildings Deduction | |
| Description: Section 179D provides a deduction for energy-efficient improvements made to commercial buildings, including HVAC, lighting, and building envelope systems. | |
| Law: Section 402(b) Taxation of Annuity Distributions | |
| Description: Section 402(b) governs the taxation of annuity distributions, including both qualified and non-qualified annuities. | |
| Law: Section 448(d)(2) Small Business Accounting Methods | |
| Description: Section 448(d)(2) provides simplified accounting methods for small businesses, such as cash accounting and the use of certain inventory valuation methods. | |
| Law: Section 274 Deduction for Business Meals and Entertainment Expenses | |
| Description: Section 274 allows businesses to deduct a portion of their expenses related to business meals and entertainment, subject to specific requirements and limitations. | |
| Law: Section 465 At-Risk Rules | |
| Description: Section 465 imposes rules limiting the deduction of losses from certain activities or investments to the amount at risk, preventing excessive tax deductions. | |
| Law: Section 901 Foreign Tax Credit | |
| Description: Section 901 allows U.S. taxpayers to claim a credit for foreign income taxes paid or accrued, reducing the overall tax liability on foreign-sourced income. | |
| Law: Section 1041 Transfer of Property Incident to Divorce | |
| Description: Section 1041 provides for tax-free transfers of property between spouses or former spouses as part of a divorce or separation agreement. | |
| Law: Section 7702 Life Insurance Contracts | |
| Description: Section 7702 establishes the rules and tax treatment of life insurance contracts, including guidelines for determining if a contract qualifies as life insurance for tax purposes. | |
| Law: Section 280A Home Office Deduction | |
| Description: Section 280A allows individuals who use part of their home exclusively for business purposes to deduct certain expenses related to the home office. | |
| Law: Section 469 Passive Activity Loss Limitation | |
| Description: Section 469 limits the ability to deduct losses from passive activities, such as rental properties, against income from non-passive activities, unless specific exceptions apply. | |
| Law: Section 988 Foreign Currency Transactions | |
| Description: Section 988 governs the tax treatment of foreign currency transactions, including gains or losses arising from the conversion of one currency into another. | |
| Law: Section 162(m) Limitation on Executive Compensation Deduction | |
| Description: Section 162(m) limits the deductibility of executive compensation for certain publicly held corporations, capping the deduction for compensation above a certain threshold. | |
| Law: Section 83(b) Election for Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) | |
| Description: Section 83(b) allows employees who receive restricted stock units (RSUs) to elect to include the fair market value of the RSUs as taxable income in the year of grant. | |
| Law: Section 403(b) Tax-Sheltered Annuity Plans | |
| Description: Section 403(b) plans are retirement savings plans available to employees of certain tax-exempt organizations, such as public schools and nonprofit organizations. | |
| Law: Section 6039 Reporting of Incentive Stock Options (ISOs) | |
| Description: Section 6039 requires employers to provide information reporting to employees who exercise incentive stock options (ISOs) during a tax year. | |
| Law: Section 61 Gross Income Definition | |
| Description: Section 61 defines gross income as all income from whatever source derived, including compensation for services, interest, dividends, and rental income. | |
| Law: Section 199A Rental Real Estate Safe Harbor | |
| Description: The Section 199A safe harbor provides a simplified method for rental real estate enterprises to qualify for the Section 199A deduction as a trade or business. | |
| Law: Section 448(c) Gross Receipts Test for Certain Businesses | |
| Description: Section 448(c) provides a gross receipts test that determines whether certain businesses qualify as a small business, impacting the applicability of certain tax provisions. | |
| Law: Section 72(t) Early Distribution Penalty | |
| Description: Section 72(t) imposes a 10% penalty on early distributions from qualified retirement plans or individual retirement accounts (IRAs) before reaching a certain age. | |
| Law: Section 469(c)(7) Real Estate Professional Exception | |
| Description: Section 469(c)(7) provides an exception to the passive activity loss rules for real estate professionals who meet specific criteria. | |
| Law: Section 137 Employee Dependent Care Assistance Programs | |
| Description: Section 137 allows employers to provide tax-free dependent care assistance programs to employees, helping them cover eligible child or dependent care expenses. | |
| EDUCATION LAWS | |
| Law: Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) | |
| Description: ESEA aims to provide equal educational opportunities and improve academic achievement for students in K-12 public schools. | |
| Law: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) | |
| Description: IDEA ensures that students with disabilities receive a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment. It establishes guidelines for special education services, individualized education programs (IEPs), and parental rights. | |
| Law: Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 | |
| Description: Title IX prohibits sex-based discrimination in educational institutions that receive federal funding. It covers areas such as admissions, athletics, sexual harassment, and gender-based violence. This law promotes gender equity and equal opportunities for all students. | |
| Law: Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) | |
| Description: FERPA protects the privacy of student educational records. It grants parents and eligible students (18 years or older) certain rights regarding access to and control of their education records held by educational institutions that receive federal funding. | |
| Law: Higher Education Act (HEA) | |
| Description: DHEA governs federal student financial aid programs and policies related to higher education institutions. It provides support for student loans, grants, and work-study programs. | |
| Law: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) | |
| Description: ADA prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including schools and universities. It ensures equal access to educational programs, services, and facilities for students with disabilities. | |
| Law: McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act | |
| Description: This law aims to support the educational needs of homeless children and youth. It ensures that students experiencing homelessness have access to a stable education, including enrollment in schools, transportation, and necessary support services. | |
| Law: Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act | |
| Description: This federal law provides support for career and technical education (CTE) programs in secondary schools, postsecondary institutions, and other educational settings. It aims to enhance students' career readiness and align educational programs with the needs of the labor market. | |
| Law: Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) | |
| Description: ESSA, enacted in 2015, replaced NCLB as the main federal law governing K-12 education. It shifted more authority and decision-making power to states, emphasizing flexibility and local control. ESSA focuses on comprehensive state accountability systems, reducing standardized testing, and supporting schools in need of improvement. | |
| Law: Clery Act - The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act | |
| Description: The Clery Act requires colleges and universities participating in federal student aid programs to disclose information about campus safety and security policies. It aims to ensure transparency and promote campus safety. | |
| Law: Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act | |
| Description: Title I provides federal funding to support the education of disadvantaged students in schools with a high percentage of low-income students. It aims to improve academic achievement, increase school accountability, and provide supplemental educational services to students in need. | |
| Law: Child Nutrition Programs | |
| Description: These programs, including the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and the School Breakfast Program (SBP), aim to provide nutritious meals to children in schools and other educational settings. They are administered by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and support access to healthy food for students. | |
| Law: Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 | |
| Description: Title VI prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin in any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. It ensures equal access to education and protects students from discriminatory practices or policies. | |
| Law: Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) | |
| Description: Title II of the ADA prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in public entities, including educational institutions. It requires schools to provide equal access to educational programs, services, and facilities for students with disabilities. | |
| Law: Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) | |
| Description: IDEIA is a reauthorization of IDEA, the federal law that ensures students with disabilities receive special education services. IDEIA emphasizes early intervention, transition planning, and procedural safeguards for students with disabilities. | |
| Law: Title III of the Higher Education Act | |
| Description: Title III focuses on strengthening institutions that serve a high percentage of low-income students or historically underrepresented populations. It provides funding to improve academic programs, institutional resources, and support services in colleges and universities. | |
| Law: Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act | |
| Description: Title VII supports bilingual education programs and services for students with limited English proficiency. It aims to ensure that English learners have access to quality education and the opportunity to become proficient in English while maintaining their native language skills. | |
| Law: Equal Access Act | |
| Description: This act ensures that student-led non-curricular groups, such as clubs or organizations, have equal access to school facilities and resources, regardless of their religious or political nature. It promotes freedom of speech and prevents discrimination against such groups. | |
| Law: Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act | |
| Description: This federal law provides funding to schools and communities to promote safe and drug-free learning environments. It supports prevention programs, intervention strategies, and measures to address violence, substance abuse, and other threats to student well-being. | |
| Law: Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 | |
| Description: Title IV prohibits discrimination in public schools based on race, color, national origin, sex, and religion. It ensures equal educational opportunities and protects students from discriminatory practices or policies. | |
| Law: Title X of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 | |
| Description: Title X addresses the establishment and implementation of educational programs related to population research and family planning. It aims to support comprehensive sex education and access to reproductive health services in schools. | |
| Law: Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA) | |
| Description: HEOA governs various aspects of higher education, including accreditation, financial aid, and consumer protection for students. It promotes transparency, accountability, and accessibility in higher education institutions. | |
| Law: National Defense Education Act (NDEA) | |
| Description: The NDEA was enacted in 1958 as a response to the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik. It aimed to enhance science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education by providing funding for scholarships, fellowships, and curriculum development in these fields. | |
| Law: Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) | |
| Description: WIOA focuses on workforce development and training programs. It aims to align education and job training initiatives, improve access to employment services, and enhance job prospects for individuals, including youth and those with disabilities. | |
| Law: Higher Education Act Reauthorization | |
| Description: The Higher Education Act undergoes periodic reauthorization to update and refine federal policies related to higher education. Reauthorization efforts often address topics such as college affordability, student loan programs, accountability measures, and support for underrepresented populations. | |
| Law: English Language Acquisition Act (ELAA) | |
| Description: ELAA, also known as Title III of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, provides federal funding for English language acquisition programs and services for students with limited English proficiency. It supports language instruction and ensures English learners receive appropriate educational support. | |
| Law: McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act | |
| Description: This federal law aims to ensure educational stability and support for students experiencing homelessness. It requires school districts to provide homeless students with access to appropriate educational services, including transportation, school enrollment, and assistance with school supplies. | |
| Law: Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) Act | |
| Description: The CCDBG Act provides federal funding to support affordable child care services for low-income families. It focuses on improving the quality of child care programs, promoting early childhood development, and ensuring the health and safety of children in child care settings. | |
| Law: Education Amendments of 1972 | |
| Description: The Education Amendments of 1972 introduced various provisions to strengthen equal educational opportunities, including prohibiting sex-based discrimination in educational institutions. It led to the establishment of Title IX, which prohibits discrimination based on sex in educational programs and activities. | |
| Law: Rehabilitation Act of 1973 | |
| Description: This law prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in programs and activities receiving federal funding. It includes Section 504, which ensures equal access to education for individuals with disabilities in schools and universities. | |
| Law: Pell Grants | |
| Description: Pell Grants are federal grants provided to low-income undergraduate students to help cover the cost of higher education. The grants are awarded based on financial need and do not need to be repaid, making them an essential source of financial aid for many students. | |
| Law: Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Act | |
| Description: This federal law provides support for programs that identify and serve gifted and talented students. It aims to ensure that these students have access to educational opportunities that meet their unique needs and abilities. | |
| Law: Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) | |
| Description: IDEIA builds upon the earlier version of IDEA and ensures that students with disabilities receive special education and related services. It emphasizes individualized education plans (IEPs) and promotes the inclusion of students with disabilities in the general education setting to the maximum extent possible. | |
| Law: Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act | |
| Description: This law supports vocational and technical education programs in secondary schools, postsecondary institutions, and adult education settings. It provides funding for career and technical education (CTE) initiatives to equip students with the skills needed for the workforce. | |
| Law: Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act Amendments | |
| Description: These amendments to FERPA provide additional protections for student privacy. They address the use and disclosure of student data, including electronic records, and ensure that educational institutions maintain the confidentiality and security of student information. | |
| Law: America COMPETES Act | |
| Description: This legislation focuses on strengthening science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education and research. It provides funding for STEM programs, teacher training, and initiatives to improve STEM education outcomes and competitiveness in the global economy. | |
| Law: Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund | |
| Description: Established in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ESSER Fund provides emergency funding to help schools address the impact of the pandemic on education. It supports a wide range of activities, including remote learning, school reopening plans, and student support services. | |
| Law: Troops to Teachers Program | |
| Description: This program assists eligible military personnel in transitioning to careers as teachers. It provides resources, support, and financial incentives to help military personnel become certified teachers and fill critical teaching positions, particularly in high-need schools. | |
| Law: Indian Education Act | |
| Description: This federal law aims to improve educational opportunities for Native American students. It provides funding for culturally responsive programs, Native language preservation efforts, and initiatives to address the unique educational needs of Native American students. | |
| Law: School-to-Work Opportunities Act | |
| Description: This law encourages partnerships between schools, businesses, and community organizations to provide students with work-based learning opportunities. It aims to enhance students' career readiness and facilitate a smooth transition from school to the workforce. | |
| Law: Education for Homeless Children and Youth Program (EHCY) | |
| Description: This program, established under the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, provides support and resources to ensure the educational stability of homeless children and youth. It helps remove barriers to enrollment, attendance, and academic success for homeless students. | |
| Law: Foster Care Education Program | |
| Description: This program, established under the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), supports educational stability and success for students in foster care. It ensures that students in foster care have access to school enrollment, transportation, and necessary educational services. | |
| Law: Child Internet Protection Act (CIPA) | |
| Description: CIPA requires schools and libraries that receive certain federal funding to implement measures to protect children from accessing harmful or inappropriate online content. It promotes internet safety and the responsible use of technology in educational settings. | |
| Law: Elementary and Secondary Education Act Flexibility Waivers | |
| Description: These waivers, granted by the U.S. Department of Education, allow states to request exemptions from certain provisions of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). They provide states with flexibility to implement their own accountability systems and reform initiatives. | |
| Law: Dual Enrollment Programs | |
| Description: Dual enrollment programs allow high school students to enroll in college-level courses and earn college credits while still in high school. These programs promote early college experiences, academic acceleration, and a smoother transition to higher education. | |
| Law: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Part C | |
| Description: Part C of IDEA addresses early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families. It provides support and resources to ensure appropriate developmental and educational services for young children with disabilities. | |
| Law: Upward Bound Program | |
| Description: This federal program provides low-income and first-generation college-bound students with academic support, college preparation activities, and guidance to increase their likelihood of pursuing and completing postsecondary education. | |
| Law: School Breakfast Expansion | |
| Description: This initiative aims to expand access to nutritious breakfast programs in schools, ensuring that more students have access to a healthy breakfast to support their learning and well-being. | |
| Law: English-only Education Laws | |
| Description: Some states have enacted laws that restrict or prohibit the use of languages other than English in public schools, aiming to promote English language acquisition and assimilation. | |
| Law: Education Savings Accounts (ESAs) | |
| Description: ESAs are state-based programs that allow parents to allocate public education funds to different educational expenses, such as tuition, tutoring, and textbooks, providing more flexibility in choosing educational options for their children. | |
| Law: Public Charter School Laws | |
| Description: These laws establish the framework for the creation and operation of charter schools, which are publicly funded schools that operate independently and have more flexibility in curriculum and teaching methods. | |
| Law: National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) | |
| Description: NAEP is a federally mandated assessment that measures student performance in various subjects across the United States, providing valuable data to evaluate and compare educational progress. | |
| Law: Education Tax Credits | |
| Description: Education tax credits are provisions in the tax code that allow taxpayers to claim credits for educational expenses, such as tuition and fees, reducing their tax liability and providing financial support for education. | |
| Law: Dual Language Immersion Programs | |
| Description: Dual language immersion programs offer instruction in two languages, aiming to promote bilingualism and biliteracy while providing educational opportunities for both English-speaking and non-English-speaking students. | |
| Law: Educational Research and Development Centers | |
| Description: These federally funded centers conduct research on educational practices, policies, and interventions, providing evidence-based strategies to improve teaching and learning. | |
| Law: High-Quality Preschool Programs | |
| Description: Some states have implemented laws or initiatives to expand access to high-quality preschool programs, recognizing the importance of early childhood education in preparing children for success in school. | |
| Law: National Science Foundation (NSF) Education Programs | |
| Description: The NSF funds various education programs to promote science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, supporting initiatives to enhance STEM curriculum, teacher training, and student engagement. | |
| Law: Magnet School Assistance Program | |
| Description: This federal program provides grants to support the establishment and operation of magnet schools, which offer specialized curricula and attract a diverse student population. | |
| Law: Dropout Prevention Programs | |
| Description: Dropout prevention programs focus on identifying and supporting students at risk of dropping out of school, implementing interventions and support services to increase graduation rates and student success. | |
| Law: School Safety Legislation | |
| Description: Following incidents of school violence, many states have enacted laws to improve school safety, including measures such as enhanced security protocols, threat assessment procedures, and emergency response planning. | |
| Law: Sex Education Laws | |
| Description: Sex education laws vary across states and can range from comprehensive programs that cover a range of topics to abstinence-only education. These laws govern the content and delivery of sex education in schools. | |
| Law: Early Childhood Development Block Grants | |
| Description: Early Childhood Development Block Grants provide funding to states for a range of early childhood programs and services, including child care, early learning, and family support initiatives. | |
| Law: Education Technology Grants | |
| Description: These grants support the integration of technology in education, providing funding for schools to acquire devices, software, and infrastructure to enhance teaching and learning. | |
| Law: Teacher Tenure Laws | |
| Description: Teacher tenure laws provide job security and certain rights to teachers after a specified period of employment, aiming to protect experienced teachers and promote stability in the teaching profession. | |
| Law: Educational Equity Laws | |
| Description: These laws address disparities in educational opportunities and outcomes, focusing on reducing achievement gaps, ensuring equitable access to resources, and promoting inclusive practices. | |
| Law: Foster Youth Education Support Laws | |
| Description: These laws aim to support the educational stability and success of students in foster care, providing additional resources, services, and educational rights for foster youth. | |
| Law: School Discipline Reform Laws | |
| Description: School discipline reform laws aim to address disparities and improve fairness in disciplinary practices, focusing on alternatives to suspension, restorative justice approaches, and promoting positive school climates. | |
| Law: State Assessments and Accountability Systems | |
| Description: States develop assessment and accountability systems to measure student progress, hold schools accountable, and inform educational decision-making, often aligned with state education standards. | |
| Law: Education Data Privacy Laws | |
| Description: These laws address the privacy and security of student data, establishing guidelines and requirements for the collection, use, and sharing of student information by educational institutions and third-party providers. | |
| Law: Early Intervention Programs for Infants and Toddlers | |
| Description: These programs provide services and support for infants and toddlers with developmental delays or disabilities, promoting early intervention to enhance their development and educational outcomes. | |
| Law: Teacher Professional Development Requirements | |
| Description: Many states have established requirements for ongoing professional development for teachers, ensuring they have access to training and opportunities to enhance their instructional skills and knowledge. | |
| Law: School Health and Wellness Policies | |
| Description: These policies focus on promoting student health and well-being, addressing areas such as nutrition, physical activity, mental health services, and comprehensive wellness initiatives. | |
| Law: Education for Justice-Involved Youth | |
| Description: Laws and initiatives aim to provide educational opportunities and support services for youth involved in the juvenile justice system, ensuring they receive education during detention and after their release. | |
| Law: School-Based Health Centers | |
| Description: School-based health centers provide comprehensive health services, including medical, dental, and mental health care, within schools, ensuring easy access to healthcare for students. | |
| Law: Education for Homebound and Hospitalized Students | |
| Description: Laws and programs ensure that students who are homebound or hospitalized for extended periods have access to educational services and resources, facilitating continuity in their education. | |
| Law: Early College High School Programs | |
| Description: Early college high school programs provide opportunities for students to earn college credits while still in high school, helping them transition smoothly into postsecondary education. | |
| Law: Education Programs for English Language Learners | |
| Description: States implement programs to support English language learners (ELLs), including English as a Second Language (ESL) instruction, bilingual education, and additional language support services. | |
| Law: Education for Students with Visual or Hearing Impairments | |
| Description: These laws and programs address the specific educational needs of students with visual or hearing impairments, providing specialized services, assistive technology, and resources. | |
| Law: School Safety Drills and Preparedness | |
| Description: Laws require schools to conduct safety drills, such as fire drills and lockdown drills, to ensure students and staff are prepared for emergencies and enhance school safety protocols. | |
| Law: Digital Learning Initiatives | |
| Description: Digital learning initiatives promote the integration of technology in education, supporting online courses, virtual schools, blended learning models, and digital resources for teaching and learning. | |
| Law: Education Funding for Low-Income Students | |
| Description: These laws and initiatives aim to provide additional funding and resources for schools serving a high percentage of low-income students, addressing the impact of poverty on educational outcomes. | |
| Law: Dual Enrollment Tuition Assistance Programs | |
| Description: Some states offer tuition assistance or reduced tuition rates for high school students participating in dual enrollment programs, making college courses more affordable and accessible. | |
| Law: School Safety Reporting and Response Laws | |
| Description: Laws require schools to establish reporting mechanisms for students and staff to report safety concerns or threats and ensure appropriate response and intervention protocols are in place. | |
| Law: Education for Military-Connected Students | |
| Description: Laws and initiatives address the unique needs of students from military families, providing support for transitioning students, addressing frequent school changes, and recognizing military service in educational settings. | |
| Law: Postsecondary Education Affordability Laws | |
| Description: These laws aim to address the affordability of postsecondary education, such as capping tuition increases, providing financial aid, and promoting college savings programs. | |
| Law: School Attendance Laws and Truancy Prevention | |
| Description: Laws establish compulsory attendance requirements and measures to prevent truancy, ensuring regular school attendance and addressing barriers to attendance and engagement. | |
| Law: Education Programs for Migrant Students | |
| Description: These programs provide support and resources for students from migrant families, addressing their unique educational needs, including language support, academic assistance, and access to services. | |
| Law: School Transportation Safety Laws | |
| Description: Laws establish safety standards and regulations for school transportation, ensuring the safety of students during bus rides and providing guidelines for drivers and transportation providers. | |
| Law: Education for Pregnant and Parenting Students | |
| Description: Laws and programs support pregnant and parenting students, providing educational services, support programs, and accommodations to ensure their continued educational access and success. | |
| Law: School-to-Prison Pipeline Prevention Laws | |
| Description: These laws and initiatives aim to address the school-to-prison pipeline, focusing on reducing the overuse of disciplinary measures and promoting alternatives that keep students in school and on track for success. | |
| Law: Education for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders | |
| Description: Laws and programs provide specialized services and supports for students with autism spectrum disorders, including individualized education plans (IEPs), therapies, and assistive technologies. | |
| Law: Education for Students with Dyslexia | |
| Description: Laws and initiatives address the needs of students with dyslexia, promoting early identification, specialized instructional strategies, and support services to enhance reading and learning outcomes. | |
| Law: Education Programs for Home-Schooled Students | |
| Description: Laws and programs provide resources and support for students who are home-schooled, including access to curriculum, testing, and extracurricular activities in traditional school settings. | |
| Law: Education for LGBTQ+ Students | |
| Description: Laws and policies aim to ensure a safe and inclusive educational environment for LGBTQ+ students, addressing issues such as bullying, discrimination, and the inclusion of LGBTQ+ history and perspectives in curricula. | |
| Law: Education for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders | |
| Description: These laws and programs address the educational needs of students with emotional and behavioral disorders, providing support services, counseling, and specialized interventions. | |
| Law: Education Programs for Students Experiencing Trauma | |
| Description: Laws and initiatives focus on supporting students who have experienced trauma, providing trauma-informed practices, counseling services, and resources to address the impact of trauma on learning. | |
| Law: Education Programs for Students with Speech and Language Disorders | |
| Description: These programs provide specialized services for students with speech and language disorders, including speech therapy, assistive technologies, and accommodations to support communication skills. | |
| Law: School Board Governance Laws | |
| Description: Laws outline the roles, responsibilities, and powers of local school boards, addressing aspects such as board elections, policies, budgeting, and decision-making processes. | |
| Law: Education Programs for Students with Physical Disabilities | |
| Description: Laws and initiatives address the needs of students with physical disabilities, providing accessibility accommodations, specialized equipment, and support services to ensure their participation and success in educational settings. | |
| Law: Education for Students from Undocumented Immigrant Families | |
| Description: Laws and policies aim to ensure educational access and support for students from undocumented immigrant families, including provisions to prevent discrimination and protect student privacy. | |
| ENVIRONMENTAL LAW | |
| Law: Endangered Species Act | |
| Description: Protects and preserves endangered plant and animal species by prohibiting their harm, trade, or disturbance. | |
| Law: Clean Air Act | |
| Description: Regulates and sets standards for air pollution control to ensure clean and breathable air for all. | |
| Law: Clean Water Act | |
| Description: Protects water bodies from pollution and regulates the discharge of pollutants into lakes, rivers, and oceans. | |
| Law: National Environmental Policy Act | |
| Description: Requires federal agencies to consider the environmental impact of their actions and involve the public in the decision-making process. | |
| Law: Forest Conservation Act | |
| Description: Establishes measures for the sustainable management and protection of forests to maintain biodiversity and prevent deforestation. | |
| Law: Marine Pollution Prevention Act | |
| Description: Regulates and prevents pollution in oceans and coastal areas from ships and other marine vessels. | |
| Law: Hazardous Materials Transportation Act | |
| Description: Ensures the safe and secure transportation of hazardous materials, minimizing the risk of accidents and environmental damage. | |
| Law: Energy Policy Act | |
| Description: Encourages energy conservation, promotes renewable energy sources, and regulates energy production and distribution. | |
| Law: Endangered Species Recovery Act | |
| Description: Supports the recovery and restoration of endangered species through conservation efforts and habitat preservation. | |
| Law: Toxic Substances Control Act | |
| Description: Regulates the manufacturing, use, and disposal of toxic chemicals to protect human health and the environment. | |
| Law: Safe Drinking Water Act | |
| Description: Sets standards for drinking water quality and ensures the protection of public water supplies. | |
| Law: Wetland Conservation Act | |
| Description: Protects wetlands from drainage and destruction, promoting their ecological value and flood control benefits. | |
| Law: Noise Control Act | |
| Description: Regulates and controls excessive noise pollution in residential, commercial, and industrial areas. | |
| Law: National Park System Act | |
| Description: Establishes and protects national parks, preserving unique natural and cultural resources for future generations. | |
| Law: Recycling and Waste Reduction Act | |
| Description: Promotes recycling, waste reduction, and proper waste management practices to minimize the impact on the environment. | |
| Law: Renewable Energy Standards Act | |
| Description: Sets requirements for the use and integration of renewable energy sources into the energy grid. | |
| Law: Sustainable Agriculture Act | |
| Description: Encourages sustainable farming practices that minimize soil erosion, protect water quality, and preserve biodiversity. | |
| Law: Environmental Education Act | |
| Description: Promotes environmental education and awareness programs to foster sustainable practices and conservation efforts. | |
| Law: Ecosystem Restoration Act | |
| Description: Supports the restoration and rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services. | |
| Law : Carbon Pricing Act | |
| Description: Implements a market-based mechanism to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by pricing carbon pollution. | |
| Law: Coastal Zone Management Act | |
| Description: Protects and manages coastal areas, ensuring sustainable development and the preservation of coastal ecosystems. | |
| Law: National Wildlife Refuge System Act | |
| Description: Establishes and manages wildlife refuges to protect critical habitats for migratory birds and other wildlife. | |
| Law: Renewable Portfolio Standards Act | |
| Description: Requires utilities to obtain a certain percentage of their energy from renewable sources. | |
| Law: International Environmental Cooperation Act | |
| Description: Promotes international collaboration on environmental issues and treaties to address global challenges. | |
| Law: National Trails System Act | |
| Description: Establishes and protects national scenic trails, promoting outdoor recreation and preservation of natural landscapes. | |
| Law: Pesticide Control Act | |
| Description: Regulates the sale and use of pesticides, ensuring their safe and responsible application. | |
| Law: Green Building Standards Act | |
| Description: Sets standards for energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable construction practices. | |
| Law: Environmental Impact Assessment Act | |
| Description: Requires the assessment of potential environmental impacts before undertaking major projects or developments. | |
| Law: National Wilderness Preservation Act | |
| Description: Designates and protects wilderness areas, preserving their natural and undeveloped state. | |
| Law : Solar Power Incentives Act | |
| Description: Provides incentives and financial support for the adoption and installation of solar power systems. | |
| Law: Water Conservation Act | |
| Description: Encourages water conservation practices and efficient water use in homes, industries, and agriculture. | |
| Law: Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Act | |
| Description: Establishes targets and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. | |
| Law: Environmental Justice Act | |
| Description: Addresses the disproportionate environmental burdens faced by marginalized communities and promotes equity in environmental decision-making. | |
| Law: E-Waste Recycling Act | |
| Description: Regulates the disposal and recycling of electronic waste to prevent environmental contamination from hazardous materials. | |
| Law: Hazardous Waste Management Act | |
| Description: Establishes guidelines for the safe handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste materials. | |
| Law: National Estuary Program Act | |
| Description: Protects and restores estuaries, which are vital habitats for diverse marine and bird species. | |
| Law: Sustainable Fisheries Act | |
| Description: Manages and conserves fish stocks to ensure sustainable fishing practices and protect marine ecosystems. | |
| Law: Desert Protection Act | |
| Description: Preserves and protects desert ecosystems, including fragile desert landscapes and endangered species. | |
| Law: National Solar Energy Initiative | |
| Description: Promotes the development and use of solar energy as a clean and renewable source of power. | |
| Law : Emissions Trading Act | |
| Description: Establishes a market for trading emission allowances, encouraging companies to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. | |
| Law: Federal Land Policy and Management Act | |
| Description: Guides the management and use of federal lands to ensure sustainable practices and conservation. | |
| Law: Wildlife Trafficking Prevention Act | |
| Description: Combats illegal wildlife trade, which threatens biodiversity and contributes to the decline of endangered species. | |
| Law: National Geothermal Energy Act | |
| Description: Promotes the development and utilization of geothermal energy resources for sustainable power generation. | |
| Law: Plastic Bag Ban Act | |
| Description: Prohibits or restricts the use of single-use plastic bags to reduce plastic waste and its impact on ecosystems. | |
| Law: National Scenic Rivers Act | |
| Description: Protects and preserves scenic rivers, maintaining their free-flowing condition and safeguarding their ecological integrity. | |
| Law: Nuclear Waste Disposal Act | |
| Description: Regulates the storage and disposal of nuclear waste, ensuring its safe containment and long-term isolation. | |
| Law: Carbon Capture and Storage Incentives Act | |
| Description: Provides incentives and support for the development and deployment of carbon capture and storage technologies. | |
| Law: Ocean Acidification Prevention Act | |
| Description: Addresses the acidification of oceans due to increased carbon dioxide absorption, protecting marine ecosystems. | |
| Law: Greenhouse Gas Reporting Act | |
| Description: Requires companies to report their greenhouse gas emissions, promoting transparency and accountability. | |
| Law : Land Reclamation and Restoration Act | |
| Description: Promotes the rehabilitation and restoration of land affected by mining and other industrial activities. | |
| Law: National Monuments Protection Act | |
| Description: Preserves and protects national monuments, safeguarding their cultural, historical, and natural significance. | |
| Law: Sustainable Tourism Development Act | |
| Description: Promotes sustainable tourism practices that minimize negative environmental impacts and support local communities. | |
| Law: Environmental Data Transparency Act | |
| Description: Enhances access to environmental data and promotes the transparency of information related to environmental issues. | |
| Law: Community Gardens and Urban Agriculture Act | |
| Description: Encourages the establishment of community gardens and urban agriculture projects to promote local food production and green spaces. | |
| Law: National River Cleanup Initiative | |
| Description: Implements nationwide programs to clean up and restore polluted rivers, improving water quality and ecosystems. | |
| Law: Wildlife Habitat Conservation Act | |
| Description: Protects and conserves critical wildlife habitats, ensuring the survival of vulnerable species. | |
| Law: National Electric Grid Modernization Act | |
| Description: Modernizes the electric grid infrastructure to support renewable energy integration and enhance efficiency. | |
| Law: Sustainable Transportation Incentives Act | |
| Description: Provides incentives for the use of sustainable transportation modes, such as walking, cycling, and public transit. | |
| Law: Environmental Product Labeling Act | |
| Description: Establishes standards for eco-labeling of products, allowing consumers to make informed choices based on environmental impact. | |
| Law : National Land Conservation Fund Act | |
| Description: Creates a fund to support the acquisition and conservation of ecologically significant lands for public enjoyment and environmental protection. | |
| Law: Offshore Wind Energy Development Act | |
| Description: Promotes the development of offshore wind energy projects to expand renewable energy capacity. | |
| Law: National Wildlife Conservation Act | |
| Description: Protects and manages wildlife populations, habitats, and ecosystems to ensure their long-term survival. | |
| Law: Noise Pollution Control Act | |
| Description: Regulates noise pollution from industrial, commercial, and transportation activities to protect public health and well-being. | |
| Law: National Pollinator Protection Act | |
| Description: Safeguards pollinator populations, such as bees and butterflies, through the regulation of pesticides and the preservation of habitats. | |
| Law: Land Use Planning Act | |
| Description: Guides and regulates land use practices to balance development with environmental protection and sustainable resource management. | |
| Law: Coastal Zone Protection Act | |
| Description: Provides measures for the protection and conservation of coastal ecosystems, including mangroves, coral reefs, and dunes. | |
| Law: Carbon Offset and Offset Verification Act | |
| Description: Establishes standards and verification processes for carbon offset projects to ensure their credibility and effectiveness. | |
| Law: Clean Energy Investment Act | |
| Description: Incentivizes investments in clean energy technologies and projects to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy. | |
| Law: Environmental DNA Monitoring Act | |
| Description: Promotes the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) as a tool for monitoring and assessing biodiversity and ecosystem health. | |
| Law : National Soil Conservation Act | |
| Description: Promotes soil conservation practices to prevent erosion, improve soil quality, and protect agricultural productivity. | |
| Law: Urban Heat Island Mitigation Act | |
| Description: Implements strategies to mitigate the urban heat island effect through urban planning, green infrastructure, and building design. | |
| Law: Microplastics Pollution Reduction Act | |
| Description: Addresses the release of microplastics into the environment and promotes measures to reduce their production and use. | |
| Law: Environmental Citizen Science Act | |
| Description: Encourages public participation in scientific research and monitoring to collect data and raise awareness about environmental issues. | |
| Law: National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Act | |
| Description: Promotes the development of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles to support their widespread adoption. | |
| Law: National Floodplain Management Act | |
| Description: Establishes regulations and floodplain management strategies to minimize flood risks and protect communities. | |
| Law: Sustainable Packaging Act | |
| Description: Encourages the use of eco-friendly and recyclable packaging materials to reduce waste and minimize environmental impact. | |
| Law: Wildlife Conservation Corridor Act | |
| Description: Establishes and protects wildlife corridors to facilitate species movement and maintain biodiversity in fragmented landscapes. | |
| Law: Energy Efficiency Standards Act | |
| Description: Sets efficiency standards for appliances, buildings, and industrial processes to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. | |
| Law: Green Roofs and Walls Incentives Act | |
| Description: Provides incentives for the installation of green roofs and walls to improve urban biodiversity, reduce energy consumption, and manage stormwater. | |
| Law : Environmental Technology Research and Development Act | |
| Description: Supports research and development of innovative environmental technologies to address pressing environmental challenges. | |
| Law: Sustainable Forestry Practices Act | |
| Description: Promotes sustainable forestry management practices, including reforestation, responsible logging, and protection of old-growth forests. | |
| Law: National Environmental Health Monitoring Act | |
| Description: Establishes a national monitoring system for environmental health indicators to assess and address public health risks. | |
| Law: National Marine Sanctuary Act | |
| Description: Establishes and protects marine sanctuaries, preserving unique ecosystems and cultural resources. | |
| Law: Environmental Crime Prevention Act | |
| Description: Enhances penalties and enforcement mechanisms for environmental crimes, deterring illegal activities that harm the environment. | |
| Law: National Food Waste Reduction Act | |
| Description: Encourages food waste reduction, recovery, and redistribution efforts to address food security and reduce environmental impacts. | |
| Law: Low-Impact Development Incentives Act | |
| Description: Provides incentives and support for low-impact development practices, such as green infrastructure and stormwater management. | |
| Law: National Carbon Pricing Initiative | |
| Description: Implements a national carbon pricing mechanism, such as a carbon tax or cap-and-trade system, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. | |
| Law: Environmental Public Health Act | |
| Description: Protects public health from environmental hazards through monitoring, regulation, and preventive measures. | |
| Law: National Environmental Restoration Act | |
| Description: Supports the restoration of contaminated sites and ecosystems, promoting their rehabilitation and return to a healthy state. | |
| Law : Environmental Impact Bond Program Act | |
| Description: Establishes a program to finance environmental projects, such as habitat restoration and pollution remediation, through private investments tied to environmental outcomes. | |
| Law: National Coastal Resilience Act | |
| Description: Enhances coastal resilience to climate change impacts through the restoration of natural buffers, beach nourishment, and strategic land use planning. | |
| Law: National Sustainable Materials Management Act | |
| Description: Promotes sustainable materials management practices, including waste reduction, recycling, and the use of recycled materials in product manufacturing. | |
| Law: National Renewable Heat Incentives Act | |
| Description: Provides incentives and financial support for the adoption of renewable heating technologies, such as solar thermal and geothermal systems. | |
| Law: Ecosystem-based Adaptation and Climate Resilience Act | |
| Description: Promotes ecosystem-based approaches to climate adaptation, such as the protection and restoration of wetlands, forests, and coastal habitats. | |
| Law: National Noise Barrier Design Guidelines Act | |
| Description: Establishes design guidelines and standards for noise barriers to ensure their effectiveness and compatibility with surrounding landscapes. | |
| Law: Sustainable Water Management Act | |
| Description: Encourages efficient water use, conservation, and the adoption of sustainable water management practices in agriculture, industry, and urban areas. | |
| Law: National Sustainable Fisheries Certification Program Act | |
| Description: Establishes a national certification program to promote sustainable fishing practices, seafood traceability, and responsible aquaculture. | |
| Law: National Green Infrastructure Grants Act | |
| Description: Provides grants and funding for the implementation of green infrastructure projects, such as rain gardens, green roofs, and permeable pavement. | |
| Law: Environmental Technology Export and Trade Promotion Act | |
| Description: Promotes the export and international trade of environmentally friendly technologies and expertise to support global sustainability efforts. | |
| Law : National Carbon Farming Initiative Act | |
| Description: Encourages agricultural practices that sequester carbon in soils and vegetation, such as agroforestry, cover cropping, and rotational grazing. | |
| HEALTH LAW | |
| Law: Mandatory Vaccination | |
| Description: All individuals must receive recommended vaccinations to protect public health and prevent the spread of infectious diseases. | |
| Law: Smoke-Free Public Places | |
| Description: Smoking is prohibited in all public areas, including restaurants, bars, parks, and workplaces, to promote clean air and reduce the risk of secondhand smoke. | |
| Law: Calorie Disclosure | |
| Description: Food establishments are required to display calorie information on menus and menu boards to help consumers make informed choices about their diet. | |
| Law: Healthy School Lunches | |
| Description: Schools must provide nutritious and balanced meals to students, ensuring they have access to healthy food options for their overall well-being. | |
| Law: Workplace Safety Standards | |
| Description: Employers are obligated to maintain safe working conditions, implement safety protocols, and provide necessary protective equipment to prevent work-related injuries and illnesses. | |
| Law: Ban on Trans Fats | |
| Description: The use of trans fats in food products is banned due to their negative impact on cardiovascular health and increased risk of chronic diseases. | |
| Law: Clean Water Act | |
| Description: Regulations are in place to protect water sources from pollution, ensuring access to clean and safe drinking water for all individuals. | |
| Law: Labeling of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) | |
| Description: Food products containing genetically modified ingredients must be clearly labeled to provide consumers with information and the ability to make informed choices. | |
| Law: Mental Health Parity Act | |
| Description: Health insurance plans are required to provide equal coverage for mental health conditions as they do for physical health conditions, reducing disparities in access to mental health services. | |
| Law: Ban on Indoor Tanning for Minors | |
| Description: Individuals under the age of 18 are prohibited from using indoor tanning beds to reduce the risk of skin cancer and promote skin health. | |
| Law: Clean Air Act | |
| Description: Regulations are enforced to control air pollution and maintain air quality standards, protecting public health and minimizing respiratory problems. | |
| Law: Mandatory Bicycle Helmet Use | |
| Description: Cyclists of all ages are required to wear helmets while riding bicycles to prevent head injuries and promote bicycle safety. | |
| Law: Nutritional Information on Food Packaging | |
| Description: Food packages must include detailed nutritional information, including calories, fats, sugars, and other key nutrients, to help consumers make healthier food choices. | |
| Law: Mental Health Education in Schools | |
| Description: Schools are mandated to include mental health education in their curriculum, raising awareness and promoting early intervention for mental health issues. | |
| Law: Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings | |
| Description: Healthcare facilities must adhere to strict hand hygiene protocols to prevent the spread of infections and ensure patient safety. | |
| Law: Ban on Sale of Energy Drinks to Minors | |
| Description: The sale of energy drinks to individuals under the age of 18 is prohibited to protect their health and well-being, as excessive consumption can have adverse effects. | |
| Law: Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products | |
| Description: The minimum age for purchasing tobacco products, including cigarettes and e-cigarettes, is set to 21 to discourage youth smoking and reduce tobacco-related health risks. | |
| Law: Accessible Public Transportation | |
| Description: Public transportation systems must be designed to accommodate individuals with disabilities, ensuring equal access and mobility for all. | |
| Law: Food Safety Inspections | |
| Description: Regular inspections are conducted to ensure that food establishments meet safety and hygiene standards, minimizing the risk of foodborne illnesses. | |
| Law: Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs | |
| Description: Programs are established to monitor the prescribing and dispensing of controlled substances, aiming to prevent prescription drug abuse and diversion. | |
| Law: Safe Storage of Firearms | |
| Description: Firearm owners are required to store their firearms safely, reducing the risk of accidental injuries, unauthorized access, and firearm-related incidents. | |
| Law: Workplace Mental Health Support | |
| Description: Employers are encouraged to provide mental health support programs and resources in the workplace, promoting employee well-being and reducing stigma. | |
| Law: Child Car Seat | |
| Description: Specific guidelines and requirements are in place for the use of child car seats to ensure the safety of young passengers while traveling in vehicles. | |
| Law: Antibiotic Stewardship in Healthcare | |
| Description: Healthcare facilities must implement antibiotic stewardship programs to promote responsible use of antibiotics, preventing antibiotic resistance. | |
| Law: Clean Needle Exchange Programs | |
| Description: Programs are established to provide sterile needles and syringes to individuals who use injectable drugs, reducing the transmission of bloodborne diseases. | |
| Law: Healthy Food Subsidies | |
| Description: Government subsidies are provided to make healthy food more affordable and accessible, addressing food insecurity and promoting better nutrition. | |
| Law: Noise Pollution Regulations | |
| Description: Measures are implemented to control noise pollution in residential and public areas, protecting individuals from the harmful effects of excessive noise. | |
| Law: Mandatory Seat Belt Use | |
| Description: All occupants of motor vehicles are required to wear seat belts while in motion to reduce the risk of injuries and fatalities in accidents. | |
| Law: Prohibition of Drug Advertising to Consumers | |
| Description: Direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs is prohibited to ensure that medical decisions are based on professional advice rather than marketing. | |
| Law: Accessibility Standards for Buildings | |
| Description: Buildings and public spaces must comply with accessibility standards to ensure equal access for individuals with disabilities. | |
| Law: Ban on Artificial Trans Fats | |
| Description: The use of artificial trans fats in food products is banned due to their detrimental effects on heart health and increased risk of chronic diseases. | |
| Law: Mental Health Crisis Intervention Training | |
| Description: Law enforcement personnel receive training on responding to individuals experiencing mental health crises, aiming to de-escalate situations and provide appropriate support. | |
| Law: Mandatory Reporting of Foodborne Illnesses | |
| Description: Food service establishments must report cases of suspected foodborne illnesses to the appropriate authorities, enabling prompt investigations and preventive measures. | |
| Law: Restrictions on Marketing Unhealthy Food to Children | |
| Description: Marketing unhealthy food products to children is restricted to promote healthier eating habits and combat childhood obesity. | |
| Law: Health Education in Schools | |
| Description: Schools are required to provide comprehensive health education, including topics such as nutrition, sexual health, and substance abuse prevention. | |
| Law: Prescription Drug Price Transparency | |
| Description: Pharmaceutical companies and healthcare providers must disclose the prices of prescription drugs, improving transparency and enabling informed decisions. | |
| Law: Safe Disposal of Prescription Medications | |
| Description: Programs and guidelines are established for the safe disposal of unused or expired prescription medications, preventing their misuse and environmental contamination. | |
| Law: Mental Health Parity for Insurance Coverage | |
| Description: Health insurance plans are required to provide equal coverage for mental health and substance abuse disorders as they do for physical health conditions. | |
| Law: Zoning Regulations for Fast Food Outlets | |
| Description: Zoning laws are implemented to regulate the location and density of fast food outlets, promoting healthier food options and reducing the prevalence of unhealthy diets. | |
| Law: Nutrition Standards for School Vending Machines | |
| Description: Vending machines in schools must meet specific nutrition standards, offering healthier snack and beverage options to students. | |
| Law: Workplace Stress Reduction Programs | |
| Description: Employers are encouraged to implement stress reduction programs and create a supportive work environment to improve employee well-being. | |
| Law: HIV/AIDS Education and Prevention Programs | |
| Description: Education and prevention programs for HIV/AIDS are implemented to raise awareness, promote safe behaviors, and reduce the transmission of the virus. | |
| Law: Mandatory Reporting of Elder Abuse | |
| Description: Healthcare professionals, caregivers, and certain individuals are required to report suspected cases of elder abuse to protect vulnerable older adults. | |
| Law: Nutrition Assistance Programs | |
| Description: Government-funded programs are established to provide nutrition assistance to low-income individuals and families, ensuring access to healthy food. | |
| Law: Workplace Flexibility Policies | |
| Description: Employers are encouraged to offer flexible work arrangements, such as telecommuting and flexible schedules, to promote work-life balance and employee well-being. | |
| Law: Mandatory Physical Education in Schools | |
| Description: Schools are required to provide physical education classes to students, promoting regular physical activity and overall fitness. | |
| Law: Safe Needle Disposal | |
| Description: Needle disposal guidelines and programs are established to ensure the safe disposal of used needles, reducing the risk of accidental needlestick injuries. | |
| Law: Mental Health Screening in Schools | |
| Description: Schools conduct mental health screenings to identify students who may be at risk of mental health issues and provide appropriate support and interventions. | |
| Law: Community Water Fluoridation | |
| Description: Public water supplies are fluoridated to prevent tooth decay and promote oral health in the community. | |
| Law: Ban on Sale of Tobacco Products in Pharmacies | |
| Description: Pharmacies are prohibited from selling tobacco products to promote health and eliminate the conflict of interest in providing healthcare services. | |
| Law: Workplace Anti-Discrimination Policies | |
| Description: Employers are required to have anti-discrimination policies in place to ensure equal treatment and opportunities for all employees. | |
| Law: School Health Services | |
| Description: Schools must provide health services, including screenings, vaccinations, and access to healthcare professionals, to support students' health and well-being. | |
| Law: Labeling of Allergens in Food Products | |
| Description: Food labels must clearly identify common allergens, such as peanuts, milk, and wheat, to help individuals with food allergies make safe choices. | |
| Law: Mental Health Coverage in Health Insurance Plans | |
| Description: Health insurance plans are required to cover mental health services, including therapy and counseling, on par with physical health coverage. | |
| Law: Workplace Anti-Harassment Policies | |
| Description: Employers are required to have policies in place to prevent and address workplace harassment, creating a safe and respectful work environment. | |
| Law: Restrictions on Advertising Alcohol | |
| Description: Regulations are implemented to restrict the advertising and promotion of alcoholic beverages, aiming to reduce alcohol-related harm. | |
| Law: Community Health Education Programs | |
| Description: Programs are established to provide health education and information to the community, promoting healthy behaviors and disease prevention. | |
| Law: Ban on Sale of Sugary Drinks in Schools | |
| Description: Schools are prohibited from selling sugary beverages to students, encouraging healthier drink choices and reducing the consumption of sugary drinks. | |
| Law: Telehealth Coverage and Reimbursement | |
| Description: Health insurance plans are required to cover telehealth services and reimburse healthcare providers for virtual consultations and remote care. | |
| Law: Workplace Wellness Programs | |
| Description: Employers are encouraged to implement workplace wellness programs, promoting healthy habits and offering resources for employees' well-being. | |
| Law: Prohibition of Smoking in Vehicles with Children | |
| Description: Smoking is prohibited in vehicles when children are present to protect them from secondhand smoke exposure. | |
| Law: Minimum Rest Breaks for Employees | |
| Description: Employers are required to provide specified rest breaks for employees during work hours, promoting better productivity and well-being. | |
| Law: School Physical Activity Guidelines | |
| Description: Schools must adhere to physical activity guidelines, ensuring that students have regular opportunities for exercise and physical fitness. | |
| Law: Ban on Artificial Food Dyes | |
| Description: The use of artificial food dyes in food products is banned due to concerns over allergic reactions and potential adverse effects on health. | |
| Law: Mental Health Crisis Hotline | |
| Description: A dedicated hotline is established to provide 24/7 support and intervention for individuals experiencing mental health crises. | |
| Law: Healthy Snack Options in Schools | |
| Description: Schools are required to offer healthy snack options in cafeterias and vending machines to encourage nutritious eating habits among students. | |
| Law: Mandatory Health Insurance Coverage | |
| Description: Individuals are required to have health insurance coverage to ensure access to healthcare services and promote preventive care. | |
| Law: Prohibition of Workplace Discrimination Based on Gender Identity | |
| Description: Employers are prohibited from discriminating against individuals based on their gender identity or expression, ensuring equal rights and opportunities. | |
| Law: Restrictions on Prescription Drug Advertising to Healthcare Professionals | |
| Description: Regulations are in place to restrict the advertising and promotion of prescription drugs to healthcare professionals, promoting unbiased medical decision-making. | |
| Law: Workplace Mental Health Training for Managers | |
| Description: Managers and supervisors receive training on recognizing and supporting employees' mental health, fostering a supportive work environment. | |
| Law: Mandatory Reporting of Infectious Diseases | |
| Description: Healthcare providers and laboratories are required to report cases of infectious diseases to public health authorities for monitoring and control. | |
| Law: Restrictions on Marketing to Children | |
| Description: Regulations are in place to restrict the marketing of unhealthy food, beverages, and products to children to promote healthier lifestyles. | |
| Law: Access to Contraception and Family Planning Services | |
| Description: Policies are in place to ensure individuals have access to contraception methods and family planning services, empowering reproductive health choices. | |
| Law: Safe School Transportation Standards | |
| Description: Safety standards and protocols are established for school transportation, ensuring the well-being of students during their commute. | |
| Law: Mandatory Food Allergen Training for Food Handlers | |
| Description: Food handlers and restaurant staff must undergo training on food allergens, ensuring safe food preparation and preventing allergic reactions. | |
| Law: Workplace Health and Safety Committees | |
| Description: Employers are required to establish health and safety committees, involving employees in identifying and addressing workplace health and safety issues. | |
| Law: Nutrition Education for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Participants | |
| Description: Individuals receiving SNAP benefits are provided with nutrition education and resources to make healthier food choices. | |
| Law: Prohibition of Discrimination Based on Pre-Existing Conditions | |
| Description: It is illegal for health insurance providers to discriminate against individuals based on pre-existing medical conditions, ensuring access to coverage. | |
| Law: Healthy Beverage Options in Schools | |
| Description: Schools are encouraged to provide healthier beverage options, such as water, milk, and 100% fruit juice, to promote good hydration and reduce sugary drink consumption. | |
| Law: Workplace Mental Health Anti-Stigma Campaigns | |
| Description: Employers promote mental health anti-stigma campaigns to raise awareness, challenge stereotypes, and create a supportive workplace culture. | |
| Law: Mandatory Food Safety Training for Food Service Workers | |
| Description: Food service workers must undergo food safety training to ensure proper handling, storage, and preparation of food, reducing the risk of foodborne illnesses. | |
| Law: Restrictions on Sale and Marketing of E-Cigarettes to Minors | |
| Description: The sale and marketing of e-cigarettes to individuals under the age of 18 are prohibited to discourage youth vaping and protect adolescent health. | |
| Law: Community Health Clinics | |
| Description: Community health clinics are established to provide accessible and affordable healthcare services, particularly for underserved populations. | |
| Law: Restrictions on Advertising Prescription Medications | |
| Description: Regulations are in place to restrict the advertising and promotion of prescription medications directly to consumers, ensuring responsible medication use. | |
| Law: Workplace Mental Health Accommodations | |
| Description: Employers are required to provide reasonable accommodations for employees with mental health conditions, promoting inclusivity and equal opportunities. | |
| Law: Mandatory Reporting of Child Abuse and Neglect | |
| Description: Professionals who work closely with children are legally obligated to report suspected cases of child abuse and neglect to protect vulnerable children. | |
| Law: Access to Affordable Generic Medications | |
| Description: Policies are in place to promote the availability and affordability of generic medications, ensuring access to cost-effective treatment options. | |
| Law: Restrictions on Marketing Prescription Medications to Consumers | |
| Description: Regulations are in place to restrict the marketing and advertising of prescription medications directly to consumers, promoting responsible medication use. | |
| Law: Workplace Health Promotion Incentives | |
| Description: Employers offer incentives, such as wellness programs and rewards, to encourage employees to adopt healthy behaviors and lifestyle choices. | |
| Law: Support for Breastfeeding in the Workplace | |
| Description: Employers are required to provide accommodations and support for employees who choose to breastfeed or express breast milk at work. | |
| Law: Telemedicine Access in Rural Areas | |
| Description: Policies are in place to promote and expand access to telemedicine services in rural and underserved areas, ensuring healthcare access for remote populations. | |
| Law: Mandatory Reporting of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses | |
| Description: Employers are required to report work-related injuries and illnesses to the appropriate authorities for record-keeping and preventive measures. | |
| Law: Restrictions on Advertisement of Junk Food to Children | |
| Description: Regulations are in place to restrict the advertising and marketing of unhealthy and high-sugar foods to children, promoting healthier food choices. | |
| Law: Workplace Mental Health Resources and Support Programs | |
| Description: Employers are encouraged to provide resources, counseling services, and mental health support programs to employees, fostering a mentally healthy work environment. | |
| Law: Affordable Care Act (ACA) | |
| Description: The ACA is a comprehensive healthcare reform law that aims to increase access to healthcare, expand coverage, and protect consumer rights. | |
| Law: Universal Healthcare Coverage | |
| Description: Legislation is enacted to provide universal healthcare coverage, ensuring that all individuals have access to essential healthcare services. | |
| Law: Healthy Aging Programs | |
| Description: Programs are implemented to promote healthy aging, prevent age-related diseases, and support the well-being of older adults. | |
| Law: Restrictions on Advertising and Marketing of Alcohol | |
| Description: Regulations are in place to restrict the advertising and marketing of alcoholic beverages, aiming to reduce alcohol-related harm and underage drinking. | |
| Law: Workplace Mental Health Policies and Training | |
| Description: Employers develop and implement mental health policies and provide training to employees to foster a mentally healthy workplace environment. | |
| Law: Restrictions on Sale of Sugary Drinks in Restaurants | |
| Description: Restaurants are prohibited from serving or selling sugary beverages above a certain size or with certain meal options, encouraging healthier beverage choices. | |
| COPYRIGHT LAWS | |
| Law: Copyright Act of 1976 | |
| Description: The Copyright Act of 1976 is the primary law in the United States governing copyright protection, outlining the rights of creators and the limitations on the use of copyrighted works. | |
| Law: Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works | |
| Description: The Berne Convention is an international treaty that establishes minimum standards for copyright protection among its member countries, including the recognition of automatic copyright without the need for registration. | |
| Law: Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) | |
| Description: The DMCA is a U.S. law that addresses copyright infringement on the internet, providing legal frameworks for online service providers, copyright holders, and content takedown procedures. | |
| Law: Fair Use Doctrine | |
| Description: The fair use doctrine is a legal principle that allows the limited use of copyrighted materials without permission from the copyright owner for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. | |
| Law: Public Domain | |
| Description: Public domain refers to works that are not protected by copyright and are freely available for use by the public, either because their copyright has expired or they were released into the public domain by the copyright owner. | |
| Law: Digital Rights Management (DRM) | |
| Description: DRM refers to technological measures used to protect copyrighted works from unauthorized use or distribution, such as encryption, access controls, and copy protection mechanisms. | |
| Law: Visual Artists Rights Act (VARA) | |
| Description: VARA is a U.S. law that grants certain rights to visual artists, including the right to claim authorship and to prevent the destruction or modification of their works in certain situations. | |
| Law: Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act | |
| Description: The Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act extended the duration of copyright protection in the United States, increasing it from the life of the author plus 50 years to the life of the author plus 70 years. | |
| Law: Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings Act (DPRA) | |
| Description: The DPRA grants a digital performance right to sound recordings, requiring payment of royalties to copyright owners and performers for certain digital performances of their works. | |
| Law: Orphan Works | |
| Description: Orphan works are copyrighted works whose copyright owner is unknown or cannot be located. Laws regarding orphan works vary by jurisdiction and provide mechanisms for their use in certain circumstances while minimizing copyright infringement. | |
| DRIVING LAWS | |
| Law: Speed Limits | |
| Description: Speed limits specify the maximum or minimum legal speeds allowed on different types of roads to ensure safety and prevent accidents. | |
| Law: Seat Belt Laws | |
| Description: Seat belt laws mandate the use of seat belts by drivers and passengers in vehicles to reduce the risk of injury in case of an accident. | |
| Law: Driving Under the Influence (DUI) | |
| Description: DUI laws prohibit driving while under the influence of alcohol or drugs above a certain limit, ensuring road safety and preventing impaired driving accidents. | |
| Law: Traffic Signal Compliance | |
| Description: Traffic signal compliance laws require drivers to obey traffic signals, including traffic lights, stop signs, and yield signs, to regulate the flow of traffic and prevent collisions. | |
| Law: Right-of-Way Rules | |
| Description: Right-of-way rules establish the order in which vehicles or pedestrians have priority to proceed at intersections or in other traffic situations to prevent conflicts and accidents. | |
| Law: Texting and Driving Bans | |
| Description: Texting and driving bans prohibit drivers from using handheld devices to send or read text messages while driving, promoting safe and focused driving habits. | |
| Law: Cell Phone Use While Driving | |
| Description: Cell phone use laws while driving restrict or prohibit the use of handheld cell phones or require the use of hands-free devices to prevent distractions and accidents. | |
| Law: Child Passenger Safety Laws | |
| Description: Child passenger safety laws mandate the use of appropriate child restraints, such as car seats or booster seats, based on age, weight, and height, to protect children while traveling in vehicles. | |
| Law: Yield to Emergency Vehicles | |
| Description: Yield to emergency vehicles laws require drivers to yield the right-of-way and make way for emergency vehicles, such as ambulances, fire trucks, and police cars, responding to emergencies. | |
| Law: Move Over Laws | |
| Description: Move over laws require drivers to change lanes or reduce speed when approaching stopped emergency vehicles, tow trucks, or maintenance vehicles on the side of the road to ensure the safety of roadside workers. | |
| Law: Turn Signal Usage | |
| Description: Turn signal usage laws mandate the use of turn signals when changing lanes, making turns, or merging with traffic to indicate intentions and promote safe driving practices. | |
| Law: No Passing Zones | |
| Description: No passing zone laws designate specific areas on the road where passing is prohibited due to limited visibility, curves, or other safety considerations. | |
| Law: Pedestrian Right-of-Way | |
| Description: Pedestrian right-of-way laws require drivers to yield to pedestrians at crosswalks and intersections, ensuring the safety of pedestrians and promoting pedestrian-friendly environments. | |
| Law: School Zone Speed Limits | |
| Description: School zone speed limits establish reduced speed limits in areas near schools to protect children and ensure their safety during school hours. | |
| Law: Handheld Device Restrictions for Novice Drivers | |
| Description: Handheld device restrictions for novice drivers laws prohibit new or inexperienced drivers from using handheld devices while driving to reduce distractions and promote safe driving habits. | |
| REAL ESTATE LAWS | |
| Law: Fair Housing Act | |
| Description: The Fair Housing Act prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, or financing of housing based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, or disability. | |
| Law: Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) | |
| Description: RESPA regulates the process of real estate transactions involving federally related mortgage loans, requiring disclosure of settlement costs and prohibiting certain practices, such as kickbacks and referral fees. | |
| Law: Truth in Lending Act (TILA) | |
| Description: TILA requires lenders to disclose certain key terms and costs associated with consumer credit transactions, including mortgage loans, to ensure transparency and consumer protection. | |
| Law: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) | |
| Description: The ADA prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities and requires accessibility accommodations in public places, including certain types of commercial real estate. | |
| Law: Zoning Laws | |
| Description: Zoning laws regulate land use and development, specifying the types of activities or structures allowed in different zones, such as residential, commercial, or industrial. | |
| Law: Environmental Protection Laws | |
| Description: Environmental protection laws regulate the use and development of real estate to minimize environmental harm, including laws governing air and water quality, hazardous waste, and land contamination. | |
| Law: Eminent Domain | |
| Description: Eminent domain allows the government to acquire private property for public use, typically with compensation to the property owner. | |
| Law: Landlord-Tenant Laws | |
| Description: Landlord-tenant laws govern the rights and obligations of landlords and tenants in rental agreements, covering areas such as rent, security deposits, repairs, and eviction procedures. | |
| Law: Homeowners Association (HOA) Laws | |
| Description: HOA laws regulate the rights and responsibilities of homeowners associations, governing issues such as assessments, rules and regulations, and common area maintenance. | |
| Law: Real Estate Licensing Laws | |
| Description: Real estate licensing laws establish requirements for obtaining and maintaining a real estate license, ensuring that real estate agents and brokers meet certain professional standards. | |
| Law: Mortgage Licensing Laws | |
| Description: Mortgage licensing laws regulate the activities of mortgage brokers and lenders, including requirements for obtaining and maintaining a mortgage license and consumer protection provisions. | |
| Law: Title Insurance Laws | |
| Description: Title insurance laws govern the issuance and coverage of title insurance policies, providing protection to property owners and lenders against losses due to title defects or claims. | |
| Law: Foreclosure Laws | |
| Description: Foreclosure laws outline the legal process through which a lender can seize and sell a property to recover unpaid mortgage debt, while also protecting the rights of the homeowner. | |
| Law: Real Estate Disclosure Laws | |
| Description: Real estate disclosure laws require sellers to disclose certain material facts about a property to potential buyers, such as known defects or environmental hazards. | |
| Law: Real Estate Tax Laws | |
| Description: Real estate tax laws govern the assessment and collection of property taxes, including rules for property valuation, exemptions, and appeals processes. | |
| Law: Home Inspection Laws | |
| Description: Home inspection laws regulate the process of conducting property inspections, outlining the rights and responsibilities of home inspectors and establishing disclosure requirements for sellers. | |
| Law: Rent Control Laws | |
| Description: Rent control laws impose limits on the amount landlords can increase rent, typically in designated areas or for specific types of rental properties, to protect tenants from excessive rent hikes. | |
| Law: Lead-Based Paint Disclosure Laws | |
| Description: Lead-based paint disclosure laws require sellers and landlords to disclose the presence of known lead-based paint hazards in residential properties, particularly in buildings constructed before 1978. | |
| Law: Adverse Possession | |
| Description: Adverse possession laws allow individuals who openly and continuously occupy another person's property for a specified period to claim legal ownership, subject to certain requirements. | |
| Law: Condominium Laws | |
| Description: Condominium laws govern the ownership and management of condominium units, including the establishment of homeowner associations, common area maintenance, and voting rights. | |
| Law: Easement Laws | |
| Description: Easement laws define the rights and restrictions associated with granting or acquiring easements, which allow someone to use another person's property for a specific purpose. | |
| Law: Mobile Home Park Regulations | |
| Description: Mobile home park regulations establish standards and requirements for the operation and management of mobile home parks, addressing issues such as lot rental fees, utilities, and tenant rights. | |
| Law: Real Estate Brokerage Laws | |
| Description: Real estate brokerage laws regulate the activities of real estate brokers and agencies, including licensing requirements, fiduciary duties to clients, and advertising guidelines. | |
| Law: Vacation Rental Laws | |
| Description: Vacation rental laws govern the rental of residential properties for short-term stays, imposing regulations on property owners, hosts, and rental platforms to ensure compliance and guest safety. | |
| Law: Land Use Planning Laws | |
| Description: Land use planning laws guide the development and use of land within a jurisdiction, balancing economic, environmental, and community needs through zoning, comprehensive plans, and development regulations. | |
| Law: Right to Farm Laws | |
| Description: Right to farm laws protect agricultural operations from nuisance lawsuits and restrictive regulations, recognizing and supporting the importance of farming activities in certain areas. | |
| Law: Homeowners' Insurance Laws | |
| Description: Homeowners' insurance laws regulate the sale and coverage of homeowners' insurance policies, outlining requirements for insurers and protections for policyholders. | |
| Law: Mortgage Disclosure Laws | |
| Description: Mortgage disclosure laws require lenders to provide borrowers with certain disclosures and information about the terms, costs, and risks associated with their mortgage loans. | |
| Law: Real Estate Development Laws | |
| Description: Real estate development laws govern the process of developing new properties, including land acquisition, permitting, environmental impact assessments, and construction regulations. | |
| Law: Historic Preservation Laws | |
| Description: Historic preservation laws aim to protect and preserve historically significant buildings, landmarks, and districts, often imposing restrictions on alterations, demolition, or development in these areas. | |
| CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDEMENTS | |
| Law: First Amendment | |
| Description: The First Amendment of the United States Constitution protects the freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government. | |
| Law: Second Amendment | |
| Description: The Second Amendment of the United States Constitution guarantees the right of individuals to keep and bear arms. | |
| Law: Third Amendment | |
| Description: The Third Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits the quartering of soldiers in private homes during times of peace without the owner's consent. | |
| Law: Fourth Amendment | |
| Description: The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution protects against unreasonable searches and seizures and requires probable cause for the issuance of search warrants. | |
| Law: Fifth Amendment | |
| Description: The Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution protects various rights, including the right to due process, the right against self-incrimination, and the prohibition of double jeopardy. | |
| Law: Sixth Amendment | |
| Description: The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution guarantees the right to a fair trial, including the right to a speedy and public trial, the right to an impartial jury, and the right to legal representation. | |
| Law: Seventh Amendment | |
| Description: The Seventh Amendment of the United States Constitution ensures the right to a jury trial in civil cases involving more than twenty dollars. | |
| Law: Eighth Amendment | |
| Description: The Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail or fines. | |
| Law: Ninth Amendment | |
| Description: The Ninth Amendment of the United States Constitution recognizes that the enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution does not deny or disparage other rights retained by the people. | |
| Law: Tenth Amendment | |
| Description: The Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution establishes that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states or the people. | |
| Law: Eleventh Amendment | |
| Description: The Eleventh Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits lawsuits against states in federal court by citizens of another state or foreign country. | |
| Law: Twelfth Amendment | |
| Description: The Twelfth Amendment of the United States Constitution revised the procedure for electing the President and Vice President, separating their electoral votes. | |
| Law: Thirteenth Amendment | |
| Description: The Thirteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. | |
| Law: Fourteenth Amendment | |
| Description: The Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution provides equal protection under the law and guarantees due process to all individuals within the jurisdiction of the United States. | |
| Law: Fifteenth Amendment | |
| Description: The Fifteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. | |
| Law: Sixteenth Amendment | |
| Description: The Sixteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution grants Congress the power to levy an income tax. | |
| Law: Seventeenth Amendment | |
| Description: The Seventeenth Amendment of the United States Constitution provides for the direct election of U.S. Senators by the people of each state. | |
| Law: Eighteenth Amendment | |
| Description: The Eighteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages, leading to the era of Prohibition. | |
| Law: Nineteenth Amendment | |
| Description: The Nineteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution grants women the right to vote. | |
| Law: Twentieth Amendment | |
| Description: The Twentieth Amendment of the United States Constitution sets the terms of the President and Congress and establishes procedures for presidential succession. | |
| Law: Twenty-First Amendment | |
| Description: The Twenty-First Amendment of the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, ending Prohibition and allowing the regulation and taxation of alcoholic beverages. | |
| Law: Twenty-Second Amendment | |
| Description: The Twenty-Second Amendment of the United States Constitution limits the President to serving two terms in office. | |
| Law: Twenty-Third Amendment | |
| Description: The Twenty-Third Amendment of the United States Constitution grants residents of Washington, D.C., the right to vote in presidential elections. | |
| Law: Twenty-Fourth Amendment | |
| Description: The Twenty-Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits the use of poll taxes in federal elections. | |
| Law: Twenty-Fifth Amendment | |
| Description: The Twenty-Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution establishes procedures for presidential succession and the filling of a vice presidential vacancy. | |
| Law: Twenty-Sixth Amendment | |
| Description: The Twenty-Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution lowers the voting age to eighteen years old. | |
| Law: Twenty-Seventh Amendment | |
| Description: The Twenty-Seventh Amendment of the United States Constitution prevents changes to congressional salaries from taking effect until after the next election of representatives. | |
| FAMILY LAWS | |
| Law: Marriage | |
| Description: Marriage laws govern the legal union between two individuals, establishing the requirements for marriage, such as age, consent, and eligibility. | |
| Law: Divorce | |
| Description: Divorce laws regulate the process of legally dissolving a marriage, addressing issues such as property division, alimony, child custody, and child support. | |
| Law: Child Custody | |
| Description: Child custody laws determine the legal and physical custody arrangements for children when parents separate or divorce, prioritizing the best interests of the child. | |
| Law: Child Support | |
| Description: Child support laws require non-custodial parents to provide financial support for their children's upbringing, ensuring their well-being and covering expenses such as education, healthcare, and basic needs. | |
| Law: Adoption | |
| Description: Adoption laws govern the legal process by which individuals or couples become the legal parents of a child who is not biologically related to them, ensuring the welfare and protection of the child. | |
| Law: Domestic Violence | |
| Description: Domestic violence laws provide protection and support for individuals who are victims of domestic abuse, including provisions for restraining orders, legal remedies, and support services. | |
| Law: Paternity | |
| Description: Paternity laws determine legal parentage, establishing the rights and responsibilities of biological fathers, including child support obligations and custody or visitation rights. | |
| Law: Surrogacy | |
| Description: Surrogacy laws regulate the practice of using a surrogate mother to carry and give birth to a child for another individual or couple, addressing issues of legal parentage and rights. | |
| Law: Prenuptial Agreement | |
| Description: Prenuptial agreement laws govern the legal contracts entered into by couples before marriage or civil union, outlining the division of assets, property rights, and spousal support in the event of divorce or separation. | |
| Law: Domestic Partnership | |
| Description: Domestic partnership laws provide legal recognition and rights to unmarried couples who live together and share a domestic partnership, often offering benefits similar to marriage. | |
| Law: Child Protection | |
| Description: Child protection laws aim to safeguard the well-being and rights of children, addressing issues such as child abuse, neglect, exploitation, and providing measures for intervention, support, and rehabilitation. | |
| Law: Guardianship | |
| Description: Guardianship laws establish legal arrangements for the care and decision-making authority over individuals who are unable to make decisions for themselves, such as minors or incapacitated adults. | |
| Law: Parental Rights | |
| Description: Parental rights laws define the legal rights and responsibilities of parents, including custody, visitation, and decision-making authority concerning the upbringing and welfare of their children. | |
| Law: Family Violence Prevention | |
| Description: Family violence prevention laws focus on preventing and addressing domestic violence within family units, providing resources, protective orders, and intervention programs to support victims and hold offenders accountable. | |
| Law: Same-Sex Marriage | |
| Description: Same-sex marriage laws grant legal recognition and marriage equality to same-sex couples, allowing them to marry and enjoy the same rights and benefits as opposite-sex couples. | |
| Law: Inheritance and Succession | |
| Description: Inheritance and succession laws govern the distribution of property, assets, and wealth after a person's death, ensuring that it is distributed according to their wishes or applicable legal guidelines. | |
| Law: Reproductive Rights | |
| Description: Reproductive rights laws encompass various legal protections and rights related to reproductive health, including access to contraception, abortion services, fertility treatments, and reproductive healthcare. | |
| Law: Family Medical Leave | |
| Description: Family medical leave laws require employers to provide eligible employees with job-protected leave for specific family and medical reasons, such as the birth or adoption of a child, or caring for a sick family member. | |
| Law: Cohabitation Agreements | |
| Description: Cohabitation agreement laws allow unmarried couples who live together to establish legal arrangements regarding property, financial matters, and responsibilities, providing some legal protections in the absence of marriage. | |
| Law: Grandparents' Rights | |
| Description: Grandparents' rights laws recognize the rights of grandparents to seek visitation or custody of their grandchildren under certain circumstances, preserving the bond between grandparents and grandchildren. | |
| FIREARM LAWS | |
| Law: National Firearms Act (NFA) | |
| Description: The National Firearms Act regulates the sale, possession, and transfer of certain firearms, including machine guns, short-barreled rifles, short-barreled shotguns, and suppressors, requiring registration and payment of a tax. | |
| Law: Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA) | |
| Description: The Gun Control Act of 1968 establishes federal firearms regulations, including licensing requirements for firearms dealers, restrictions on certain categories of individuals from owning firearms, and the prohibition of interstate firearms transfers without licensed intermediaries. | |
| Law: Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act | |
| Description: The Brady Act establishes background check requirements for firearm purchases from federally licensed dealers, requiring prospective buyers to undergo a background check through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). | |
| Law: Firearm Owners Protection Act (FOPA) | |
| Description: The Firearm Owners Protection Act provides various protections for law-abiding firearm owners, including transportation of firearms across state lines, limitations on government record-keeping, and the establishment of licensed firearm dealers. | |
| Law: Assault Weapons Ban | |
| Description: An assault weapons ban refers to legislation that restricts the manufacture, sale, and possession of certain semi-automatic firearms with specific features deemed characteristic of assault weapons. | |
| Law: Concealed Carry Laws | |
| Description: Concealed carry laws vary by state, regulating the carrying of concealed firearms in public places, establishing requirements for permits or licenses, and determining reciprocity agreements with other states. | |
| Law: Stand Your Ground Laws | |
| Description: Stand Your Ground laws allow individuals to use deadly force, without a duty to retreat, in self-defense situations when they believe they are in imminent danger of death or serious bodily harm. | |
| Law: Castle Doctrine Laws | |
| Description: Castle Doctrine laws provide legal protections to individuals who use force, including deadly force, to defend themselves, their homes, or their properties from intruders or attackers. | |
| Law: Gun-Free School Zones Act | |
| Description: The Gun-Free School Zones Act makes it illegal to possess firearms within a specified distance of a school, with certain exceptions for licensed individuals and law enforcement. | |
| Law: Mental Health and Firearm Restrictions | |
| Description: Various laws restrict firearm possession and acquisition by individuals with certain mental health conditions or who have been involuntarily committed to a mental institution, aiming to prevent potential harm to themselves or others. | |
| Law: Domestic Violence and Firearms | |
| Description: Domestic violence laws prohibit individuals with domestic violence convictions or restraining orders from owning or possessing firearms, aiming to protect victims and prevent further acts of violence. | |
| Law: Red Flag Laws | |
| Description: Red Flag laws, also known as Extreme Risk Protection Orders, allow family members, law enforcement, or other concerned individuals to petition a court to temporarily remove firearms from individuals deemed to pose a risk of harm to themselves or others. | |
| Law: Firearm Registration Laws | |
| Description: Some jurisdictions have laws that require firearms to be registered with the government, involving the submission of personal and firearm information to maintain a record of ownership and possession. | |
| Law: Universal Background Checks | |
| Description: Universal background check laws require background checks for all firearm transfers, including private sales and transfers, to ensure that buyers are eligible and legally allowed to possess firearms. | |
| Law: Gun-Free Federal Facilities | |
| Description: This law prohibits the possession of firearms and other dangerous weapons in certain federal facilities, such as federal courthouses, post offices, and government buildings, in order to maintain security and safety within these premises. |