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- neuroscience
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- braindecode
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- convolutional
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- transformer
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---
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# SCCNet
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SCCNet from Wei, C S (2019) .
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> **Architecture-only repository.**
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> `braindecode.models.SCCNet` class. **No pretrained weights are
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> distributed here**
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> data
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> separately.
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## Quick start
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```
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The signal-shape arguments above are
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## Documentation
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<https://braindecode.org/stable/generated/braindecode.models.SCCNet.html>
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- Interactive browser with live instantiation:
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<https://huggingface.co/spaces/braindecode/model-explorer>
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- Source on GitHub: <https://github.com/braindecode/braindecode/blob/master/braindecode/models/sccnet.py#L17>
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## Architecture description
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The block below is the rendered class docstring (parameters,
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references, architecture figure where available).
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<div class='bd-doc'><main>
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<p>SCCNet from Wei, C S (2019) [sccnet]_.</p>
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<span style="display:inline-block;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:4px;background:#5cb85c;color:white;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;margin-right:4px;">Convolution</span>
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Spatial component-wise convolutional network (SCCNet) for motor-imagery EEG
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classification.
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.. figure:: https://dt5vp8kor0orz.cloudfront.net/6e3ec5d729cd51fe8acc5a978db27d02a5df9e05/2-Figure1-1.png
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:align: center
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:alt: Spatial component-wise convolutional network
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:width: 680px
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.. rubric:: Architectural Overview
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SCCNet is a spatial-first convolutional layer that fixes temporal kernels in seconds
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to make its filters correspond to neurophysiologically aligned windows. The model
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comprises four stages:
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1. **Spatial Component Analysis**: Performs convolution spatial filtering
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across all EEG channels to extract spatial components, effectively
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reducing the channel dimension.
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2. **Spatio-Temporal Filtering**: Applies convolution across the spatial
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components and temporal domain to capture spatio-temporal patterns.
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3. **Temporal Smoothing (Pooling)**: Uses average pooling over time to smooth the
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features and reduce the temporal dimension, focusing on longer-term patterns.
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4. **Classification**: Flattens the features and applies a fully connected
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layer.
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.. rubric:: Macro Components
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- `SCCNet.spatial_conv` **(spatial component analysis)**
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- *Operations.*
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- :class:`~torch.nn.Conv2d` with kernel `(n_chans, N_t)` and stride `(1, 1)` on an input reshaped to `(B, 1, n_chans, T)`; typical choice `N_t=1` yields a pure across-channel projection (montage-wide linear spatial filter).
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- Zero padding to preserve time, :class:`~torch.nn.BatchNorm2d`; output has `N_u` component signals shaped `(B, 1, N_u, T)` after a permute step.
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*Interpretability/robustness.* Mimics CSP-like spatial filtering: each learned filter is a channel-weighted component, easing inspection and reducing channel noise.
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- `SCCNet.spatial_filt_conv` **(spatio-temporal filtering)**
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- *Operations.*
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- :class:`~torch.nn.Conv2d` with kernel `(N_u, 12)` over components and time (12 samples ~ 0.1 s at 125 Hz),
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- :class:`~torch.nn.BatchNorm2d`;
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- Nonlinearity is **power-like**: the original paper uses **square** like :class:`~braindecode.models.ShallowFBCSPNet` with the class :class:`~braindecode.modules.LogActivation` as default.
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- :class:`~torch.nn.Dropout` with rate `p=0.5`.
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- *Role.* Learns frequency-selective energy features and inter-component interactions within a 0.1 s context (beta/alpha cycle scale).
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- `SCCNet.temporal_smoothing` **(aggregation + readout)**
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- *Operations.*
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- :class:`~torch.nn.AvgPool2d` with size `(1, 62)` (~ 0.5 s) for temporal smoothing and downsampling
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- :class:`~torch.nn.Flatten`
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- :class:`~torch.nn.Linear` to `n_outputs`.
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.. rubric:: Convolutional Details
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* **Temporal (where time-domain patterns are learned).**
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The second block's kernel length is fixed to 12 samples (≈ 100 ms) and slides with
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stride 1; average pooling `(1, 62)` (≈ 500 ms) integrates power over longer spans.
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These choices bake in short-cycle detection followed by half-second trend smoothing.
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* **Spatial (how electrodes are processed).**
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The first block's kernel spans **all electrodes** `(n_chans, N_t)`. With `N_t=1`,
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it reduces to a montage-wide linear projection, mapping channels → `N_u` components.
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The second block mixes **across components** via kernel height `N_u`.
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* **Spectral (how frequency information is captured).**
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No explicit transform is used; learned **temporal kernels** serve as bandpass-like
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filters, and the **square/log power** nonlinearity plus 0.5 s averaging approximate
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band-power estimation (ERD/ERS-style features).
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.. rubric:: Attention / Sequential Modules
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This model contains **no attention** and **no recurrent units**.
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.. rubric:: Additional Mechanisms
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- :class:`~torch.nn.BatchNorm2d` and zero-padding are applied to both convolutions;
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L2 weight decay was used in the original paper; dropout `p=0.5` combats overfitting.
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- Contrasting with other compact neural network, in EEGNet performs a temporal depthwise conv
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followed by a **depthwise spatial** conv (separable), learning temporal filters first.
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SCCNet inverts this order: it performs a **full spatial projection first** (CSP-like),
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then a short **spatio-temporal** conv with an explicit 0.1 s kernel, followed by
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**power-like** nonlinearity and longer temporal averaging. EEGNet's ELU and
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separable design favor parameter efficiency; SCCNet's second-scale kernels and
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square/log emphasize interpretable **band-power** features.
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- Reference implementation: see [sccnetcode]_.
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.. rubric:: Usage and Configuration
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* **Training from the original authors.**
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* Match window length so that `T` is comfortably larger than pooling length
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(e.g., > 1.5-2 s for MI).
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* Start with standard MI augmentations (channel dropout/shuffle, time reverse)
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and tune `n_spatial_filters` before deeper changes.
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Parameters
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----------
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n_spatial_filters : int, optional
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Number of spatial filters in the first convolutional layer, variable `N_u` from the
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original paper. Default is 22.
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n_spatial_filters_smooth : int, optional
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Number of spatial filters used as filter in the second convolutional
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layer. Default is 20.
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drop_prob : float, optional
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Dropout probability. Default is 0.5.
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activation : nn.Module, optional
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Activation function after the second convolutional layer. Default is
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logarithm activation.
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References
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----------
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.. [sccnet] Wei, C. S., Koike-Akino, T., & Wang, Y. (2019, March). Spatial
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component-wise convolutional network (SCCNet) for motor-imagery EEG
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classification. In 2019 9th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on
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Neural Engineering (NER) (pp. 328-331). IEEE.
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.. [sccnetcode] Hsieh, C. Y., Chou, J. L., Chang, Y. H., & Wei, C. S.
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XBrainLab: An Open-Source Software for Explainable Artificial
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Intelligence-Based EEG Analysis. In NeurIPS 2023 AI for
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Science Workshop.
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.. rubric:: Hugging Face Hub integration
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When the optional ``huggingface_hub`` package is installed, all models
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automatically gain the ability to be pushed to and loaded from the
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Hugging Face Hub. Install with::
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pip install braindecode[hub]
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**Pushing a model to the Hub:**
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.. code::
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from braindecode.models import SCCNet
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# Train your model
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model = SCCNet(n_chans=22, n_outputs=4, n_times=1000)
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# ... training code ...
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# Push to the Hub
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model.push_to_hub(
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repo_id="username/my-sccnet-model",
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commit_message="Initial model upload",
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)
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**Loading a model from the Hub:**
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.. code::
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from braindecode.models import SCCNet
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# Load pretrained model
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model = SCCNet.from_pretrained("username/my-sccnet-model")
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# Load with a different number of outputs (head is rebuilt automatically)
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model = SCCNet.from_pretrained("username/my-sccnet-model", n_outputs=4)
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**Extracting features and replacing the head:**
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import torch
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# Extract encoder features (consistent dict across all models)
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out = model(x, return_features=True)
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features = out["features"]
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# Replace the classification head
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model.reset_head(n_outputs=10)
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config = model.get_config() # all __init__ params
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with open("config.json", "w") as f:
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json.dump(config, f)
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saved to the Hub and restored when loading.
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See :ref:`load-pretrained-models` for a complete tutorial.</main>
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</div>
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## Citation
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*References* section above) and braindecode:
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```bibtex
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@article{aristimunha2025braindecode,
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- neuroscience
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- braindecode
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- convolutional
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---
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# SCCNet
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SCCNet from Wei, C S (2019) [sccnet].
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> **Architecture-only repository.** Documents the
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> `braindecode.models.SCCNet` class. **No pretrained weights are
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> distributed here.** Instantiate the model and train it on your own
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> data.
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## Quick start
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)
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```
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The signal-shape arguments above are illustrative defaults — adjust to
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match your recording.
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## Documentation
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- Full API reference: <https://braindecode.org/stable/generated/braindecode.models.SCCNet.html>
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- Interactive browser (live instantiation, parameter counts):
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<https://huggingface.co/spaces/braindecode/model-explorer>
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- Source on GitHub: <https://github.com/braindecode/braindecode/blob/master/braindecode/models/sccnet.py#L17>
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## Architecture
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## Parameters
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| Parameter | Type | Description |
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|---|---|---|
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| `n_spatial_filters` | int, optional | Number of spatial filters in the first convolutional layer, variable `N_u` from the original paper. Default is 22. |
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| `n_spatial_filters_smooth` | int, optional | Number of spatial filters used as filter in the second convolutional layer. Default is 20. |
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| `drop_prob` | float, optional | Dropout probability. Default is 0.5. |
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| `activation` | nn.Module, optional | Activation function after the second convolutional layer. Default is logarithm activation. |
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## References
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1. Wei, C. S., Koike-Akino, T., & Wang, Y. (2019, March). Spatial component-wise convolutional network (SCCNet) for motor-imagery EEG classification. In 2019 9th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER) (pp. 328-331). IEEE.
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2. Hsieh, C. Y., Chou, J. L., Chang, Y. H., & Wei, C. S. XBrainLab: An Open-Source Software for Explainable Artificial Intelligence-Based EEG Analysis. In NeurIPS 2023 AI for Science Workshop.
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## Citation
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Cite the original architecture paper (see *References* above) and braindecode:
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```bibtex
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@article{aristimunha2025braindecode,
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