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README.md
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---
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license: mit
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base_model:
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- microsoft/Florence-2-large
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library_name: transformers
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tags:
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- GUI
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- VLM
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- Agent
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- GUI-Grounding
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---
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# π― GoClick-Large: Super Fast Lightweight GUI Grounding Expert
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<div align="center">
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[](https://github.com/ZJULiHongxin/GoClick)
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[](https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.23941)
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[](https://huggingface.co/HongxinLi/GoClick-Large)
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[](https://huggingface.co/HongxinLi/GoClick-Base)
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[](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HongxinLi/GoClick_Coreset_3814k)
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[](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HongxinLi/GoClick_sft_data)
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</div>
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GoClick is a state-of-the-art two-stage framework for precise UI element grounding. Built on the Florence-2 architecture, it bridges the gap between high-level intent and low-level pixel coordinates by separating the Planning and Grounding tasks.
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## ποΈ Agent Architecture Overview
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1. Stage 1 (Planning): Analyze UI screenshot + Goal -> Output Function Description.
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2. Stage 2 (Grounding): Screenshot + Function Description -> Output Precise Coordinates.Note: This model is the specialized Stage 2 Grounder, fine-tuned for extreme precision in locating elements based on their described functionality.
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## π Quick Start (Inference of The Model)
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Prerequisites
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```
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pip install transformers==4.45.0 timm
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```
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Note: The version of Transformers should not be too high. Adjust the version if model loading fails.
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### Usage Example
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```
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from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoProcessor
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from PIL import Image
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def postprocess(text: str, image_size: tuple[int]):
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"""Function that decodes model's generation into action json.
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Args:
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text: single generated sample
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image_size: corresponding image size
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"""
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point_pattern = r"<loc_(\d+)>,<loc_(\d+)>"
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try:
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location = re.findall(point_pattern, text)[0]
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if len(location) > 0:
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point = [int(loc) for loc in location]
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except Exception:
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point = (0, 0)
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return point
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# Load model and processor
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("HongxinLi/GoClick-Base", trust_remote_code=True)
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processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("HongxinLi/GoClick-Base", trust_remote_code=True)
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# Load UI screenshot
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image = Image.open("ui_screenshot.png")
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# Stage 1: Planning
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# Functionality Grounding (For AutoGUI FuncPred Benchmark)
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planning_prompt = f"Locate the element according to its detailed functionality description. {goal_info} (Output the center coordinates of the target)"
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# Intent Grounding (For RefExp, MOTIF, and VisualWebBench Action Grounding)
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planning_prompt = f"I want to {goal_info}. Please locate the target element I should interact with. (Output the center coordinates of the target)"
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# Description Grounding (For ScreenSpot/v2 and VisualWebBench Element Grounding))
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planning_prompt = f"Where is the {goal_info} element? (Output the center coordinates of the target)"
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inputs = processor(
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images=image,
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text=prompt,
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return_tensors="pt",
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do_resize=True,
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).to(model.device, dtype=model.dtype)
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outputs = model.generate(
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**inputs,
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do_sample= False,
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max_new_tokens=max_new_tokens,
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use_cache=True
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)
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text_output = processor.tokenizer.batch_decode(outputs, skip_special_tokens=False)[0]
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text_output = postprocess(text_output, img_size)
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```
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### π Benchmarks
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GoClick-Base also achieves a good tradeoff between GUI element grounding accuracy and inference latency:
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| Model | Size | TTFT β (ms) | TPOT β (ms/token) | FuncPred (F; M, W) | ScreenSpot (B; M, W, D) | ScreenSpot-v2 (B; M, W, D) | MOTIF (I; M) | RefExp (I; M) | VWB EG (T; W) | VWB AG (I; W) |
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|-------|------|-------------|-------------------|--------------------|-------------------------|---------------------------|--------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
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| GPT-4o | - | - | - | 9.8 | 17.8 | 20.4 | 30.5 | 21.8 | 5.6 | 6.8 |
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| Qwen2VL-7B | 8B | 118.9 | 21.2 | 38.7 | 66.4 | 66.9 | 75.1 | 64.8 | 55.9 | 62.1 |
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| CogAgent | 18B | 1253.2 | 208.8 | 29.3 | 47.4 | 49.2 | 46.7 | 35.0 | 55.7 | 59.2 |
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| SeeClick | 10B | 160.4 | 184.4 | 19.8 | 53.4 | 54.0 | 11.1 | 58.1 | 39.2 | 27.2 |
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| Ferret-UI | 8B | 152.5 | 22.9 | 1.2 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 15.9 | 5.5 | 3.9 | 1.9 |
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| UGround | 7B | 1034.6 | 27.9 | 48.8 | 74.8 | 76.5 | 72.4 | 73.6 | 85.2 | 63.1 |
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| OS-ATLAS-8B | 8B | 137.5 | 19.9 | 52.1 | 82.5 | 84.1 | 78.8 | 66.5 | 82.6 | 69.9 |
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| Aguvis | 8B | 119.7 | 21.2 | 52.0 | 83.8 | 85.6 | 73.8 | 80.9 | 91.3 | 68.0 |
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| Qwen2-VL | 2B | 58.8 | 16.4 | 7.1 | 17.9 | 18.6 | 28.8 | 29.2 | 17.9 | 17.5 |
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| OS-ATLAS-4B | 4B | 137.3 | 31.4 | 44.6 | 66.8 | 68.7 | 75.4 | 77.1 | 47.7 | 58.3 |
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| Ferret-UI | 3B | 69.5 | 9.8 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 5.5 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
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| ShowUI | 2B | 79.7 | 14.7 | 39.9 | 76.1 | 77.4 | 72.3 | 58.4 | 64.2 | 55.3 |
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| **GoClick-L (ours)** | 0.8B | 91.1 | 8.3 | **69.5** | **78.5** | **81.1** | **80.4** | **78.2** | **90.3** | **68.0** |
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| **GoClick-B (ours)** | 0.2B | **37.7** | **4.1** | 64.4 | 74.1 | 75.2 | 76.8 | 71.9 | 90.3 | 61.2 |
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## π Citation
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If you use GoClick in your research, please cite our paper:
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```
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@misc{li2026goclicklightweightelementgrounding,
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title={GoClick: Lightweight Element Grounding Model for Autonomous GUI Interaction},
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author={Hongxin Li and Yuntao Chen and Zhaoxiang Zhang},
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year={2026},
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eprint={2604.23941},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={cs.CV},
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.23941},
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}
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```
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