Add files using upload-large-folder tool

.bashrc

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+# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
+# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
+# for examples
+
+# If not running interactively, don't do anything
+[ -z "$PS1" ] && return
+
+# don't put duplicate lines in the history. See bash(1) for more options
+# ... or force ignoredups and ignorespace
+HISTCONTROL=ignoredups:ignorespace
+
+# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
+shopt -s histappend
+
+# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
+HISTSIZE=1000
+HISTFILESIZE=2000
+
+# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
+# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
+shopt -s checkwinsize
+
+# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
+[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"
+
+# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
+if [ -z "$debian_chroot" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
+    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
+fi
+
+# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
+case "$TERM" in
+    xterm-color) color_prompt=yes;;
+esac
+
+# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
+# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
+# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
+#force_color_prompt=yes
+
+if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
+    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
+	# We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
+	# (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
+	# a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
+	color_prompt=yes
+    else
+	color_prompt=
+    fi
+fi
+
+if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
+    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
+else
+    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
+fi
+unset color_prompt force_color_prompt
+
+# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
+case "$TERM" in
+xterm*|rxvt*)
+    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
+    ;;
+*)
+    ;;
+esac
+
+# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
+if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
+    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
+    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
+    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
+    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'
+
+    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
+    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
+    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
+fi
+
+# some more ls aliases
+alias ll='ls -alF'
+alias la='ls -A'
+alias l='ls -CF'
+
+# Alias definitions.
+# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
+# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
+# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.
+
+if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
+    . ~/.bash_aliases
+fi
+
+# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
+# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
+# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
+#if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && ! shopt -oq posix; then
+#    . /etc/bash_completion
+#fi
+cat /etc/runpod.txt
+echo -e "\nFor detailed documentation and guides, please visit:\n\033[1;34mhttps://docs.runpod.io/\033[0m and \033[1;34mhttps://blog.runpod.io/\033[0m\n\n"
+PATH='/usr/local/nvidia/bin:/usr/local/cuda/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin'
+VAST_CONTAINERLABEL="$(cat ~/.vast_containerlabel)"
+PS1="\[\e]0;\u@$VAST_CONTAINERLABEL: \w\a\]\[\e[01;34m\]\u\[\e[m\e[01m\]@\[\e[01;36m\]$VAST_CONTAINERLABEL\[\e[m\e[01m\]:\[\e[01;37m\]\w\$\[\e[m\] " ; if [ ! -e "$HOME/.no_auto_tmux" ] && [[ -z "$TMUX" ]] && [ "$SSH_CONNECTION" != "" ] && [ "$TMUX_STARTED" = "" ]; then tmux attach-session -t ssh_tmux || tmux new-session -s ssh_tmux; exit; elif ! [[ -z "$TMUX" ]]; then echo 'Welcome to your vast.ai container! This session is running in `tmux`.'; echo 'To disconnect without closing your processes, press ctrl+b, release, then d.'; echo 'To disable auto-tmux, run `touch ~/.no_auto_tmux` and reconnect. See also https://tmuxcheatsheet.com/'; fi; 
+DIRECT_PORT_START=0
+DIRECT_PORT_END=0
+VAST_CONTAINERLABEL=C.12733928

.cache/pip/http-v2/4/3/b/5/1/43b51859987aa489fca1045420773685b73ad992551f22d662919ecf.body

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+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: jupyter-console
+Version: 6.6.3
+Summary: Jupyter terminal console
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://jupyter.org
+Author-email: Jupyter Development Team <jupyter@googlegroups.com>
+License: BSD 3-Clause License
+        
+        - Copyright (c) 2001-2015, IPython Development Team
+        - Copyright (c) 2015-, Jupyter Development Team
+        
+        All rights reserved.
+        
+        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+        modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+        
+        1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+           list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+        
+        2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+           this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+           and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+        
+        3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+           contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+           this software without specific prior written permission.
+        
+        THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+        AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+        IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+        DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+        FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+        DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+        SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+        CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+        OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+        OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+License-File: LICENSE
+Keywords: Interactive,Interpreter,Shell,Web
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Science/Research
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Requires-Python: >=3.7
+Requires-Dist: ipykernel>=6.14
+Requires-Dist: ipython
+Requires-Dist: jupyter-client>=7.0.0
+Requires-Dist: jupyter-core!=5.0.*,>=4.12
+Requires-Dist: prompt-toolkit>=3.0.30
+Requires-Dist: pygments
+Requires-Dist: pyzmq>=17
+Requires-Dist: traitlets>=5.4
+Provides-Extra: test
+Requires-Dist: flaky; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pexpect; extra == 'test'
+Requires-Dist: pytest; extra == 'test'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# Jupyter Console
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/jupyter/jupyter_console.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/jupyter/jupyter_console)
+[![Documentation Status](http://readthedocs.org/projects/jupyter-console/badge/?version=latest)](https://jupyter-console.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
+
+A terminal-based console frontend for Jupyter kernels.
+This code is based on the single-process IPython terminal.
+
+Install with pip:
+
+    pip install jupyter-console
+
+Install with conda:
+
+    conda install -c conda-forge jupyter_console
+
+Start:
+
+    jupyter console
+
+Help:
+
+    jupyter console -h
+
+Jupyter Console allows for console-based interaction with non-python 
+Jupyter kernels such as IJulia, IRKernel.
+
+To start the console with a particular kernel, ask for it by name::
+
+    jupyter console --kernel=julia-0.4
+
+A list of available kernels can be seen with::
+
+    jupyter kernelspec list
+
+
+### Release build:
+
+```bash
+$ pip install pep517
+$ python -m pep517.build .
+```
+
+
+## Resources
+- [Project Jupyter website](https://jupyter.org)
+- [Documentation for Jupyter Console](https://jupyter-console.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) [[PDF](https://media.readthedocs.org/pdf/jupyter-console/latest/jupyter-console.pdf)]
+- [Documentation for Project Jupyter](https://jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html) [[PDF](https://media.readthedocs.org/pdf/jupyter/latest/jupyter.pdf)]
+- [Issues](https://github.com/jupyter/jupyter_console/issues)
+- [Technical support - Jupyter Google Group](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/jupyter)
+
+## About the Jupyter Development Team
+
+The Jupyter Development Team is the set of all contributors to the Jupyter project.
+This includes all of the Jupyter subprojects.
+
+The core team that coordinates development on GitHub can be found here:
+https://github.com/jupyter/.
+
+## Our Copyright Policy
+
+Jupyter uses a shared copyright model. Each contributor maintains copyright
+over their contributions to Jupyter. But, it is important to note that these
+contributions are typically only changes to the repositories. Thus, the Jupyter
+source code, in its entirety is not the copyright of any single person or
+institution.  Instead, it is the collective copyright of the entire Jupyter
+Development Team.  If individual contributors want to maintain a record of what
+changes/contributions they have specific copyright on, they should indicate
+their copyright in the commit message of the change, when they commit the
+change to one of the Jupyter repositories.
+
+With this in mind, the following banner should be used in any source code file
+to indicate the copyright and license terms:
+
+```
+# Copyright (c) Jupyter Development Team.
+# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
+```

.cache/pip/http-v2/5/2/4/e/a/524eaa378c5eeff9b07f34d936ce7bc411da078278be84566970502d.body

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+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: pluggy
+Version: 1.5.0
+Summary: plugin and hook calling mechanisms for python
+Home-page: https://github.com/pytest-dev/pluggy
+Author: Holger Krekel
+Author-email: holger@merlinux.eu
+License: MIT
+Platform: unix
+Platform: linux
+Platform: osx
+Platform: win32
+Classifier: Development Status :: 6 - Mature
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX
+Classifier: Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows
+Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Testing
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
+Classifier: Topic :: Utilities
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE
+Provides-Extra: dev
+Requires-Dist: pre-commit ; extra == 'dev'
+Requires-Dist: tox ; extra == 'dev'
+Provides-Extra: testing
+Requires-Dist: pytest ; extra == 'testing'
+Requires-Dist: pytest-benchmark ; extra == 'testing'
+
+====================================================
+pluggy - A minimalist production ready plugin system
+====================================================
+
+|pypi| |conda-forge| |versions| |github-actions| |gitter| |black| |codecov|
+
+This is the core framework used by the `pytest`_, `tox`_, and `devpi`_ projects.
+
+Please `read the docs`_ to learn more!
+
+A definitive example
+====================
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    import pluggy
+
+    hookspec = pluggy.HookspecMarker("myproject")
+    hookimpl = pluggy.HookimplMarker("myproject")
+
+
+    class MySpec:
+        """A hook specification namespace."""
+
+        @hookspec
+        def myhook(self, arg1, arg2):
+            """My special little hook that you can customize."""
+
+
+    class Plugin_1:
+        """A hook implementation namespace."""
+
+        @hookimpl
+        def myhook(self, arg1, arg2):
+            print("inside Plugin_1.myhook()")
+            return arg1 + arg2
+
+
+    class Plugin_2:
+        """A 2nd hook implementation namespace."""
+
+        @hookimpl
+        def myhook(self, arg1, arg2):
+            print("inside Plugin_2.myhook()")
+            return arg1 - arg2
+
+
+    # create a manager and add the spec
+    pm = pluggy.PluginManager("myproject")
+    pm.add_hookspecs(MySpec)
+
+    # register plugins
+    pm.register(Plugin_1())
+    pm.register(Plugin_2())
+
+    # call our ``myhook`` hook
+    results = pm.hook.myhook(arg1=1, arg2=2)
+    print(results)
+
+
+Running this directly gets us::
+
+    $ python docs/examples/toy-example.py
+    inside Plugin_2.myhook()
+    inside Plugin_1.myhook()
+    [-1, 3]
+
+
+.. badges
+
+.. |pypi| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pluggy.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.org/pypi/pluggy
+
+.. |versions| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/pluggy.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.org/pypi/pluggy
+
+.. |github-actions| image:: https://github.com/pytest-dev/pluggy/workflows/main/badge.svg
+    :target: https://github.com/pytest-dev/pluggy/actions
+
+.. |conda-forge| image:: https://img.shields.io/conda/vn/conda-forge/pluggy.svg
+    :target: https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/pytest
+
+.. |gitter| image:: https://badges.gitter.im/pytest-dev/pluggy.svg
+    :alt: Join the chat at https://gitter.im/pytest-dev/pluggy
+    :target: https://gitter.im/pytest-dev/pluggy?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge
+
+.. |black| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg
+    :target: https://github.com/ambv/black
+
+.. |codecov| image:: https://codecov.io/gh/pytest-dev/pluggy/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
+    :target: https://codecov.io/gh/pytest-dev/pluggy
+    :alt: Code coverage Status
+
+.. links
+.. _pytest:
+    http://pytest.org
+.. _tox:
+    https://tox.readthedocs.org
+.. _devpi:
+    http://doc.devpi.net
+.. _read the docs:
+   https://pluggy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+
+
+Support pluggy
+--------------
+
+`Open Collective`_ is an online funding platform for open and transparent communities.
+It provides tools to raise money and share your finances in full transparency.
+
+It is the platform of choice for individuals and companies that want to make one-time or
+monthly donations directly to the project.
+
+``pluggy`` is part of the ``pytest-dev`` project, see more details in the `pytest collective`_.
+
+.. _Open Collective: https://opencollective.com
+.. _pytest collective: https://opencollective.com/pytest

.cache/pip/http-v2/5/2/9/d/8/529d899ead0a44e9413c02620d856780368c083eff8bf2466e326011.body

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+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: iniconfig
+Version: 2.0.0
+Summary: brain-dead simple config-ini parsing
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/pytest-dev/iniconfig
+Author-email: Ronny Pfannschmidt <opensource@ronnypfannschmidt.de>, Holger Krekel <holger.krekel@gmail.com>
+License-Expression: MIT
+License-File: LICENSE
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X
+Classifier: Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
+Classifier: Topic :: Utilities
+Requires-Python: >=3.7
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+
+iniconfig: brain-dead simple parsing of ini files
+=======================================================
+
+iniconfig is a small and simple INI-file parser module
+having a unique set of features:
+
+* maintains order of sections and entries
+* supports multi-line values with or without line-continuations
+* supports "#" comments everywhere
+* raises errors with proper line-numbers
+* no bells and whistles like automatic substitutions
+* iniconfig raises an Error if two sections have the same name.
+
+If you encounter issues or have feature wishes please report them to:
+
+    https://github.com/RonnyPfannschmidt/iniconfig/issues
+
+Basic Example
+===================================
+
+If you have an ini file like this:
+
+.. code-block:: ini
+
+    # content of example.ini
+    [section1] # comment
+    name1=value1  # comment
+    name1b=value1,value2  # comment
+
+    [section2]
+    name2=
+        line1
+        line2
+
+then you can do:
+
+.. code-block:: pycon
+
+    >>> import iniconfig
+    >>> ini = iniconfig.IniConfig("example.ini")
+    >>> ini['section1']['name1'] # raises KeyError if not exists
+    'value1'
+    >>> ini.get('section1', 'name1b', [], lambda x: x.split(","))
+    ['value1', 'value2']
+    >>> ini.get('section1', 'notexist', [], lambda x: x.split(","))
+    []
+    >>> [x.name for x in list(ini)]
+    ['section1', 'section2']
+    >>> list(list(ini)[0].items())
+    [('name1', 'value1'), ('name1b', 'value1,value2')]
+    >>> 'section1' in ini
+    True
+    >>> 'inexistendsection' in ini
+    False

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+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: yarl
+Version: 1.12.1
+Summary: Yet another URL library
+Home-page: https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl
+Author: Andrew Svetlov
+Author-email: andrew.svetlov@gmail.com
+Maintainer: aiohttp team <team@aiohttp.org>
+Maintainer-email: team@aiohttp.org
+License: Apache-2.0
+Project-URL: Chat: Matrix, https://matrix.to/#/#aio-libs:matrix.org
+Project-URL: Chat: Matrix Space, https://matrix.to/#/#aio-libs-space:matrix.org
+Project-URL: CI: GitHub Workflows, https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/actions?query=branch:master
+Project-URL: Code of Conduct, https://github.com/aio-libs/.github/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
+Project-URL: Coverage: codecov, https://codecov.io/github/aio-libs/yarl
+Project-URL: Docs: Changelog, https://yarl.aio-libs.org/en/latest/changes/
+Project-URL: Docs: RTD, https://yarl.aio-libs.org
+Project-URL: GitHub: issues, https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues
+Project-URL: GitHub: repo, https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl
+Keywords: cython,cext,yarl
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Cython
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE
+License-File: NOTICE
+Requires-Dist: idna >=2.0
+Requires-Dist: multidict >=4.0
+
+yarl
+====
+
+The module provides handy URL class for URL parsing and changing.
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/workflows/CI/badge.svg
+  :target: https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/actions?query=workflow%3ACI
+  :align: right
+
+.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/aio-libs/yarl/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
+  :target: https://codecov.io/gh/aio-libs/yarl
+
+.. image:: https://badge.fury.io/py/yarl.svg
+    :target: https://badge.fury.io/py/yarl
+
+
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/yarl/badge/?version=latest
+    :target: https://yarl.aio-libs.org
+
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/yarl.svg
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/yarl
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/matrix/aio-libs:matrix.org?label=Discuss%20on%20Matrix%20at%20%23aio-libs%3Amatrix.org&logo=matrix&server_fqdn=matrix.org&style=flat
+   :target: https://matrix.to/#/%23aio-libs:matrix.org
+   :alt: Matrix Room — #aio-libs:matrix.org
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/matrix/aio-libs-space:matrix.org?label=Discuss%20on%20Matrix%20at%20%23aio-libs-space%3Amatrix.org&logo=matrix&server_fqdn=matrix.org&style=flat
+   :target: https://matrix.to/#/%23aio-libs-space:matrix.org
+   :alt: Matrix Space — #aio-libs-space:matrix.org
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+Url is constructed from ``str``:
+
+.. code-block:: pycon
+
+   >>> from yarl import URL
+   >>> url = URL('https://www.python.org/~guido?arg=1#frag')
+   >>> url
+   URL('https://www.python.org/~guido?arg=1#frag')
+
+All url parts: *scheme*, *user*, *password*, *host*, *port*, *path*,
+*query* and *fragment* are accessible by properties:
+
+.. code-block:: pycon
+
+   >>> url.scheme
+   'https'
+   >>> url.host
+   'www.python.org'
+   >>> url.path
+   '/~guido'
+   >>> url.query_string
+   'arg=1'
+   >>> url.query
+   <MultiDictProxy('arg': '1')>
+   >>> url.fragment
+   'frag'
+
+All url manipulations produce a new url object:
+
+.. code-block:: pycon
+
+   >>> url = URL('https://www.python.org')
+   >>> url / 'foo' / 'bar'
+   URL('https://www.python.org/foo/bar')
+   >>> url / 'foo' % {'bar': 'baz'}
+   URL('https://www.python.org/foo?bar=baz')
+
+Strings passed to constructor and modification methods are
+automatically encoded giving canonical representation as result:
+
+.. code-block:: pycon
+
+   >>> url = URL('https://www.python.org/шлях')
+   >>> url
+   URL('https://www.python.org/%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85')
+
+Regular properties are *percent-decoded*, use ``raw_`` versions for
+getting *encoded* strings:
+
+.. code-block:: pycon
+
+   >>> url.path
+   '/шлях'
+
+   >>> url.raw_path
+   '/%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85'
+
+Human readable representation of URL is available as ``.human_repr()``:
+
+.. code-block:: pycon
+
+   >>> url.human_repr()
+   'https://www.python.org/шлях'
+
+For full documentation please read https://yarl.aio-libs.org.
+
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+::
+
+   $ pip install yarl
+
+The library is Python 3 only!
+
+PyPI contains binary wheels for Linux, Windows and MacOS.  If you want to install
+``yarl`` on another operating system (like *Alpine Linux*, which is not
+manylinux-compliant because of the missing glibc and therefore, cannot be
+used with our wheels) the the tarball will be used to compile the library from
+the source code. It requires a C compiler and and Python headers installed.
+
+To skip the compilation you must explicitly opt-in by using a PEP 517
+configuration setting ``pure-python``, or setting the ``YARL_NO_EXTENSIONS``
+environment variable to a non-empty value, e.g.:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ pip install yarl --config-settings=pure-python=false
+
+Please note that the pure-Python (uncompiled) version is much slower. However,
+PyPy always uses a pure-Python implementation, and, as such, it is unaffected
+by this variable.
+
+Dependencies
+------------
+
+YARL requires multidict_ library.
+
+
+API documentation
+------------------
+
+The documentation is located at https://yarl.aio-libs.org.
+
+
+Why isn't boolean supported by the URL query API?
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+There is no standard for boolean representation of boolean values.
+
+Some systems prefer ``true``/``false``, others like ``yes``/``no``, ``on``/``off``,
+``Y``/``N``, ``1``/``0``, etc.
+
+``yarl`` cannot make an unambiguous decision on how to serialize ``bool`` values because
+it is specific to how the end-user's application is built and would be different for
+different apps.  The library doesn't accept booleans in the API; a user should convert
+bools into strings using own preferred translation protocol.
+
+
+Comparison with other URL libraries
+------------------------------------
+
+* furl (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/furl)
+
+  The library has rich functionality but the ``furl`` object is mutable.
+
+  I'm afraid to pass this object into foreign code: who knows if the
+  code will modify my url in a terrible way while I just want to send URL
+  with handy helpers for accessing URL properties.
+
+  ``furl`` has other non-obvious tricky things but the main objection
+  is mutability.
+
+* URLObject (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/URLObject)
+
+  URLObject is immutable, that's pretty good.
+
+  Every URL change generates a new URL object.
+
+  But the library doesn't do any decode/encode transformations leaving the
+  end user to cope with these gory details.
+
+
+Source code
+-----------
+
+The project is hosted on GitHub_
+
+Please file an issue on the `bug tracker
+<https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues>`_ if you have found a bug
+or have some suggestion in order to improve the library.
+
+Discussion list
+---------------
+
+*aio-libs* google group: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/aio-libs
+
+Feel free to post your questions and ideas here.
+
+
+Authors and License
+-------------------
+
+The ``yarl`` package is written by Andrew Svetlov.
+
+It's *Apache 2* licensed and freely available.
+
+
+.. _GitHub: https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl
+
+.. _multidict: https://github.com/aio-libs/multidict
+
+=========
+Changelog
+=========
+
+..
+    You should *NOT* be adding new change log entries to this file, this
+    file is managed by towncrier. You *may* edit previous change logs to
+    fix problems like typo corrections or such.
+    To add a new change log entry, please see
+    https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/#adding-a-news-entry
+    we named the news folder "changes".
+
+    WARNING: Don't drop the next directive!
+
+.. towncrier release notes start
+
+1.12.1
+======
+
+*(2024-09-23)*
+
+
+No significant changes.
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.12.0
+======
+
+*(2024-09-23)*
+
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Added ``~yarl.URL.path_safe`` to be able to fetch the path without ``%2F`` and ``%25`` decoded -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1150 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1150>`__.
+
+
+Removals and backward incompatible breaking changes
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+- Restore decoding ``%2F`` (``/``) in ``URL.path`` -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  This change restored the behavior before `#1057 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1057>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1151 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1151>`__.
+
+
+Miscellaneous internal changes
+------------------------------
+
+- Improved performance of processing paths -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1143 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1143>`__.
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.11.1
+======
+
+*(2024-09-09)*
+
+
+Bug fixes
+---------
+
+- Allowed scheme replacement for relative URLs if the scheme does not require a host -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#280 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/280>`__, `#1138 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1138>`__.
+
+- Allowed empty host for URL schemes other than the special schemes listed in the WHATWG URL spec -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1136 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1136>`__.
+
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Loosened restriction on integers as query string values to allow classes that implement ``__int__`` -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1139 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1139>`__.
+
+
+Miscellaneous internal changes
+------------------------------
+
+- Improved performance of normalizing paths -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1137 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1137>`__.
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.11.0
+======
+
+*(2024-09-08)*
+
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Added ``URL.extend_query()()`` method, which can be used to extend parameters without replacing same named keys -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  This method was primarily added to replace the inefficient hand rolled method currently used in ``aiohttp``.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1128 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1128>`__.
+
+
+Miscellaneous internal changes
+------------------------------
+
+- Improved performance of the Cython ``cached_property`` implementation -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1122 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1122>`__.
+
+- Simplified computing ports by removing unnecessary code -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1123 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1123>`__.
+
+- Improved performance of encoding non IPv6 hosts -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1125 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1125>`__.
+
+- Improved performance of ``URL.build()()`` when the path, query string, or fragment is an empty string -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1126 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1126>`__.
+
+- Improved performance of the ``URL.update_query()()`` method -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1130 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1130>`__.
+
+- Improved performance of processing query string changes when arguments are ``str`` -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1131 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1131>`__.
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.10.0
+======
+
+*(2024-09-06)*
+
+
+Bug fixes
+---------
+
+- Fixed joining a path when the existing path was empty -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  A regression in ``URL.join()()`` was introduced in `#1082 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1082>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1118 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1118>`__.
+
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Added ``URL.without_query_params()()`` method, to drop some parameters from query string -- by `@hongquan <https://github.com/sponsors/hongquan>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#774 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/774>`__, `#898 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/898>`__, `#1010 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1010>`__.
+
+- The previously protected types ``_SimpleQuery``, ``_QueryVariable``, and ``_Query`` are now available for use externally as ``SimpleQuery``, ``QueryVariable``, and ``Query`` -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1050 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1050>`__, `#1113 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1113>`__.
+
+
+Contributor-facing changes
+--------------------------
+
+- Replaced all ``~typing.Optional`` with ``~typing.Union`` -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1095 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1095>`__.
+
+
+Miscellaneous internal changes
+------------------------------
+
+- Significantly improved performance of parsing the network location -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1112 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1112>`__.
+
+- Added internal types to the cache to prevent future refactoring errors -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1117 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1117>`__.
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.9.11
+======
+
+*(2024-09-04)*
+
+
+Bug fixes
+---------
+
+- Fixed a ``TypeError`` with ``MultiDictProxy`` and Python 3.8 -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1084 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1084>`__, `#1105 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1105>`__, `#1107 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1107>`__.
+
+
+Miscellaneous internal changes
+------------------------------
+
+- Improved performance of encoding hosts -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  Previously, the library would unconditionally try to parse a host as an IP Address. The library now avoids trying to parse a host as an IP Address if the string is not in one of the formats described in ``3986#section-3.2.2``.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1104 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1104>`__.
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.9.10
+======
+
+*(2024-09-04)*
+
+
+Bug fixes
+---------
+
+- ``URL.join()()`` has been changed to match
+  ``3986`` and align with
+  ``/ operation()`` and ``URL.joinpath()()``
+  when joining URLs with empty segments.
+  Previously ``urllib.parse.urljoin`` was used,
+  which has known issues with empty segments
+  (`python/cpython#84774 <https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/84774>`_).
+
+  Due to the semantics of ``URL.join()()``, joining an
+  URL with scheme requires making it relative, prefixing with ``./``.
+
+  .. code-block:: pycon
+
+     >>> URL("https://web.archive.org/web/").join(URL("./https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl"))
+     URL('https://web.archive.org/web/https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl')
+
+
+  Empty segments are honored in the base as well as the joined part.
+
+  .. code-block:: pycon
+
+     >>> URL("https://web.archive.org/web/https://").join(URL("github.com/aio-libs/yarl"))
+     URL('https://web.archive.org/web/https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl')
+
+
+
+  -- by `@commonism <https://github.com/sponsors/commonism>`__
+
+  This change initially appeared in 1.9.5 but was reverted in 1.9.6 to resolve a problem with query string handling.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1039 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1039>`__, `#1082 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1082>`__.
+
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Added ``~yarl.URL.absolute`` which is now preferred over ``URL.is_absolute()`` -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1100 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1100>`__.
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.9.9
+=====
+
+*(2024-09-04)*
+
+
+Bug fixes
+---------
+
+- Added missing type on ``~yarl.URL.port`` -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1097 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1097>`__.
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.9.8
+=====
+
+*(2024-09-03)*
+
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Covered the ``~yarl.URL`` object with types -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1084 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1084>`__.
+
+- Cache parsing of IP Addresses when encoding hosts -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1086 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1086>`__.
+
+
+Contributor-facing changes
+--------------------------
+
+- Covered the ``~yarl.URL`` object with types -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1084 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1084>`__.
+
+
+Miscellaneous internal changes
+------------------------------
+
+- Improved performance of handling ports -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1081 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1081>`__.
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.9.7
+=====
+
+*(2024-09-01)*
+
+
+Removals and backward incompatible breaking changes
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+- Removed support ``3986#section-3.2.3`` port normalization when the scheme is not one of ``http``, ``https``, ``wss``, or ``ws`` -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  Support for port normalization was recently added in `#1033 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1033>`__ and contained code that would do blocking I/O if the scheme was not one of the four listed above. The code has been removed because this library is intended to be safe for usage with ``asyncio``.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1076 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1076>`__.
+
+
+Miscellaneous internal changes
+------------------------------
+
+- Improved performance of property caching -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  The ``reify`` implementation from ``aiohttp`` was adapted to replace the internal ``cached_property`` implementation.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1070 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1070>`__.
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.9.6
+=====
+
+*(2024-08-30)*
+
+
+Bug fixes
+---------
+
+- Reverted ``3986`` compatible ``URL.join()()`` honoring empty segments which was introduced in `#1039 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1039>`__.
+
+  This change introduced a regression handling query string parameters with joined URLs. The change was reverted to maintain compatibility with the previous behavior.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1067 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1067>`__.
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.9.5
+=====
+
+*(2024-08-30)*
+
+
+Bug fixes
+---------
+
+- Joining URLs with empty segments has been changed
+  to match ``3986``.
+
+  Previously empty segments would be removed from path,
+  breaking use-cases such as
+
+  .. code-block:: python
+
+     URL("https://web.archive.org/web/") / "https://github.com/"
+
+  Now ``/ operation()`` and ``URL.joinpath()()``
+  keep empty segments, but do not introduce new empty segments.
+  e.g.
+
+  .. code-block:: python
+
+     URL("https://example.org/") / ""
+
+  does not introduce an empty segment.
+
+  -- by `@commonism <https://github.com/sponsors/commonism>`__ and `@youtux <https://github.com/sponsors/youtux>`__
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1026 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1026>`__.
+
+- The default protocol ports of well-known URI schemes are now taken into account
+  during the normalization of the URL string representation in accordance with
+  ``3986#section-3.2.3``.
+
+  Specified ports are removed from the ``str`` representation of a ``~yarl.URL``
+  if the port matches the scheme's default port -- by `@commonism <https://github.com/sponsors/commonism>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1033 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1033>`__.
+
+- ``URL.join()()`` has been changed to match
+  ``3986`` and align with
+  ``/ operation()`` and ``URL.joinpath()()``
+  when joining URLs with empty segments.
+  Previously ``urllib.parse.urljoin`` was used,
+  which has known issues with empty segments
+  (`python/cpython#84774 <https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/84774>`_).
+
+  Due to the semantics of ``URL.join()()``, joining an
+  URL with scheme requires making it relative, prefixing with ``./``.
+
+  .. code-block:: pycon
+
+     >>> URL("https://web.archive.org/web/").join(URL("./https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl"))
+     URL('https://web.archive.org/web/https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl')
+
+
+  Empty segments are honored in the base as well as the joined part.
+
+  .. code-block:: pycon
+
+     >>> URL("https://web.archive.org/web/https://").join(URL("github.com/aio-libs/yarl"))
+     URL('https://web.archive.org/web/https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl')
+
+
+
+  -- by `@commonism <https://github.com/sponsors/commonism>`__
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1039 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1039>`__.
+
+
+Removals and backward incompatible breaking changes
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+- Stopped decoding ``%2F`` (``/``) in ``URL.path``, as this could lead to code incorrectly treating it as a path separator
+  -- by `@Dreamsorcerer <https://github.com/sponsors/Dreamsorcerer>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1057 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1057>`__.
+
+- Dropped support for Python 3.7 -- by `@Dreamsorcerer <https://github.com/sponsors/Dreamsorcerer>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1016 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1016>`__.
+
+
+Improved documentation
+----------------------
+
+- On the ``Contributing docs`` page,
+  a link to the ``Towncrier philosophy`` has been fixed.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#981 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/981>`__.
+
+- The pre-existing ``/ magic method()``
+  has been documented in the API reference -- by `@commonism <https://github.com/sponsors/commonism>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1026 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1026>`__.
+
+
+Packaging updates and notes for downstreams
+-------------------------------------------
+
+- A flaw in the logic for copying the project directory into a
+  temporary folder that led to infinite recursion when ``TMPDIR``
+  was set to a project subdirectory path. This was happening in Fedora
+  and its downstream due to the use of `pyproject-rpm-macros
+  <https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/pyproject-rpm-macros>`__. It was
+  only reproducible with ``pip wheel`` and was not affecting the
+  ``pyproject-build`` users.
+
+  -- by `@hroncok <https://github.com/sponsors/hroncok>`__ and `@webknjaz <https://github.com/sponsors/webknjaz>`__
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#992 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/992>`__, `#1014 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1014>`__.
+
+- Support Python 3.13 and publish non-free-threaded wheels
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1054 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1054>`__.
+
+
+Contributor-facing changes
+--------------------------
+
+- The CI/CD setup has been updated to test ``arm64`` wheels
+  under macOS 14, except for Python 3.7 that is unsupported
+  in that environment -- by `@webknjaz <https://github.com/sponsors/webknjaz>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1015 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1015>`__.
+
+- Removed unused type ignores and casts -- by `@hauntsaninja <https://github.com/sponsors/hauntsaninja>`__.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1031 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1031>`__.
+
+
+Miscellaneous internal changes
+------------------------------
+
+- ``port``, ``scheme``, and ``raw_host`` are now ``cached_property`` -- by `@bdraco <https://github.com/sponsors/bdraco>`__.
+
+  ``aiohttp`` accesses these properties quite often, which cause ``urllib`` to build the ``_hostinfo`` property every time. ``port``, ``scheme``, and ``raw_host`` are now cached properties, which will improve performance.
+
+  *Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:*
+  `#1044 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1044>`__, `#1058 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/1058>`__.
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.9.4 (2023-12-06)
+==================
+
+Bug fixes
+---------
+
+- Started raising ``TypeError`` when a string value is passed into
+  ``yarl.URL.build()`` as the ``port`` argument  -- by `@commonism <https://github.com/sponsors/commonism>`__.
+
+  Previously the empty string as port would create malformed URLs when rendered as string representations. (`#883 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/883>`__)
+
+
+Packaging updates and notes for downstreams
+-------------------------------------------
+
+- The leading ``--`` has been dropped from the `PEP 517 <https://peps.python.org/pep-517>`__ in-tree build
+  backend config setting names. ``--pure-python`` is now just ``pure-python``
+  -- by `@webknjaz <https://github.com/sponsors/webknjaz>`__.
+
+  The usage now looks as follows:
+
+  .. code-block:: console
+
+      $ python -m build \
+          --config-setting=pure-python=true \
+          --config-setting=with-cython-tracing=true
+
+  (`#963 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/963>`__)
+
+
+Contributor-facing changes
+--------------------------
+
+- A step-by-step ``Release Guide`` guide has
+  been added, describing how to release *yarl* -- by `@webknjaz <https://github.com/sponsors/webknjaz>`__.
+
+  This is primarily targeting maintainers. (`#960 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/960>`__)
+- Coverage collection has been implemented for the Cython modules
+  -- by `@webknjaz <https://github.com/sponsors/webknjaz>`__.
+
+  It will also be reported to Codecov from any non-release CI jobs.
+
+  To measure coverage in a development environment, *yarl* can be
+  installed in editable mode:
+
+  .. code-block:: console
+
+      $ python -Im pip install -e .
+
+  Editable install produces C-files required for the Cython coverage
+  plugin to map the measurements back to the PYX-files.
+
+  `#961 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/961>`__
+
+- It is now possible to request line tracing in Cython builds using the
+  ``with-cython-tracing`` `PEP 517 <https://peps.python.org/pep-517>`__ config setting
+  -- `@webknjaz <https://github.com/sponsors/webknjaz>`__.
+
+  This can be used in CI and development environment to measure coverage
+  on Cython modules, but is not normally useful to the end-users or
+  downstream packagers.
+
+  Here's a usage example:
+
+  .. code-block:: console
+
+      $ python -Im pip install . --config-settings=with-cython-tracing=true
+
+  For editable installs, this setting is on by default. Otherwise, it's
+  off unless requested explicitly.
+
+  The following produces C-files required for the Cython coverage
+  plugin to map the measurements back to the PYX-files:
+
+  .. code-block:: console
+
+      $ python -Im pip install -e .
+
+  Alternatively, the ``YARL_CYTHON_TRACING=1`` environment variable
+  can be set to do the same as the `PEP 517 <https://peps.python.org/pep-517>`__ config setting.
+
+  `#962 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/962>`__
+
+
+1.9.3 (2023-11-20)
+==================
+
+Bug fixes
+---------
+
+- Stopped dropping trailing slashes in ``yarl.URL.joinpath()`` -- by `@gmacon <https://github.com/sponsors/gmacon>`__. (`#862 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/862>`__, `#866 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/866>`__)
+- Started accepting string subclasses in ``yarl.URL.__truediv__()`` operations (``URL / segment``) -- by `@mjpieters <https://github.com/sponsors/mjpieters>`__. (`#871 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/871>`__, `#884 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/884>`__)
+- Fixed the human representation of URLs with square brackets in usernames and passwords -- by `@mjpieters <https://github.com/sponsors/mjpieters>`__. (`#876 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/876>`__, `#882 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/882>`__)
+- Updated type hints to include ``URL.missing_port()``, ``URL.__bytes__()``
+  and the ``encoding`` argument to ``yarl.URL.joinpath()``
+  -- by `@mjpieters <https://github.com/sponsors/mjpieters>`__. (`#891 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/891>`__)
+
+
+Packaging updates and notes for downstreams
+-------------------------------------------
+
+- Integrated Cython 3 to enable building *yarl* under Python 3.12 -- by `@mjpieters <https://github.com/sponsors/mjpieters>`__. (`#829 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/829>`__, `#881 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/881>`__)
+- Declared modern ``setuptools.build_meta`` as the `PEP 517 <https://peps.python.org/pep-517>`__ build
+  backend in ``pyproject.toml`` explicitly -- by `@webknjaz <https://github.com/sponsors/webknjaz>`__. (`#886 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/886>`__)
+- Converted most of the packaging setup into a declarative ``setup.cfg``
+  config -- by `@webknjaz <https://github.com/sponsors/webknjaz>`__. (`#890 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/890>`__)
+- The packaging is replaced from an old-fashioned ``setup.py`` to an
+  in-tree `PEP 517 <https://peps.python.org/pep-517>`__ build backend -- by `@webknjaz <https://github.com/sponsors/webknjaz>`__.
+
+  Whenever the end-users or downstream packagers need to build ``yarl`` from
+  source (a Git checkout or an sdist), they may pass a ``config_settings``
+  flag ``--pure-python``. If this flag is not set, a C-extension will be built
+  and included into the distribution.
+
+  Here is how this can be done with ``pip``:
+
+  .. code-block:: console
+
+      $ python -m pip install . --config-settings=--pure-python=false
+
+  This will also work with ``-e | --editable``.
+
+  The same can be achieved via ``pypa/build``:
+
+  .. code-block:: console
+
+      $ python -m build --config-setting=--pure-python=false
+
+  Adding ``-w | --wheel`` can force ``pypa/build`` produce a wheel from source
+  directly, as opposed to building an ``sdist`` and then building from it. (`#893 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/893>`__)
+
+  .. attention::
+
+     v1.9.3 was the only version using the ``--pure-python`` setting name.
+     Later versions dropped the ``--`` prefix, making it just ``pure-python``.
+
+- Declared Python 3.12 supported officially in the distribution package metadata
+  -- by `@edgarrmondragon <https://github.com/sponsors/edgarrmondragon>`__. (`#942 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/942>`__)
+
+
+Contributor-facing changes
+--------------------------
+
+- A regression test for no-host URLs was added per `#821 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/821>`__
+  and ``3986`` -- by `@kenballus <https://github.com/sponsors/kenballus>`__. (`#821 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/821>`__, `#822 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/822>`__)
+- Started testing *yarl* against Python 3.12 in CI -- by `@mjpieters <https://github.com/sponsors/mjpieters>`__. (`#881 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/881>`__)
+- All Python 3.12 jobs are now marked as required to pass in CI
+  -- by `@edgarrmondragon <https://github.com/sponsors/edgarrmondragon>`__. (`#942 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/942>`__)
+- MyST is now integrated in Sphinx -- by `@webknjaz <https://github.com/sponsors/webknjaz>`__.
+
+  This allows the contributors to author new documents in Markdown
+  when they have difficulties with going straight RST. (`#953 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/953>`__)
+
+
+1.9.2 (2023-04-25)
+==================
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+
+- Fix regression with ``yarl.URL.__truediv__()`` and absolute URLs with empty paths causing the raw path to lack the leading ``/``.
+  (`#854 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/854>`_)
+
+
+1.9.1 (2023-04-21)
+==================
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+
+- Marked tests that fail on older Python patch releases (< 3.7.10, < 3.8.8 and < 3.9.2) as expected to fail due to missing a security fix for CVE-2021-23336. (`#850 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/850>`_)
+
+
+1.9.0 (2023-04-19)
+==================
+
+This release was never published to PyPI, due to issues with the build process.
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Added ``URL.joinpath(*elements)``, to create a new URL appending multiple path elements. (`#704 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/704>`_)
+- Made ``URL.__truediv__()()`` return ``NotImplemented`` if called with an
+  unsupported type — by `@michaeljpeters <https://github.com/sponsors/michaeljpeters>`__.
+  (`#832 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/832>`_)
+
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+
+- Path normalization for absolute URLs no longer raises a ValueError exception
+  when ``..`` segments would otherwise go beyond the URL path root.
+  (`#536 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/536>`_)
+- Fixed an issue with update_query() not getting rid of the query when argument is None. (`#792 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/792>`_)
+- Added some input restrictions on with_port() function to prevent invalid boolean inputs or out of valid port inputs; handled incorrect 0 port representation. (`#793 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/793>`_)
+- Made ``yarl.URL.build()`` raise a ``TypeError`` if the ``host`` argument is ``None`` — by `@paulpapacz <https://github.com/sponsors/paulpapacz>`__. (`#808 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/808>`_)
+- Fixed an issue with ``update_query()`` getting rid of the query when the argument
+  is empty but not ``None``. (`#845 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/845>`_)
+
+
+Misc
+----
+
+- `#220 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/220>`_
+
+
+1.8.2 (2022-12-03)
+==================
+
+This is the first release that started shipping wheels for Python 3.11.
+
+
+1.8.1 (2022-08-01)
+==================
+
+Misc
+----
+
+- `#694 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/694>`_, `#699 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/699>`_, `#700 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/700>`_, `#701 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/701>`_, `#702 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/702>`_, `#703 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/703>`_, `#739 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/739>`_
+
+
+1.8.0 (2022-08-01)
+==================
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Added ``URL.raw_suffix``, ``URL.suffix``, ``URL.raw_suffixes``, ``URL.suffixes``, ``URL.with_suffix``. (`#613 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/613>`_)
+
+
+Improved Documentation
+----------------------
+
+- Fixed broken internal references to ``yarl.URL.human_repr()``.
+  (`#665 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/665>`_)
+- Fixed broken external references to ``multidict:index`` docs. (`#665 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/665>`_)
+
+
+Deprecations and Removals
+-------------------------
+
+- Dropped Python 3.6 support. (`#672 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/672>`_)
+
+
+Misc
+----
+
+- `#646 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/646>`_, `#699 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/699>`_, `#701 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/701>`_
+
+
+1.7.2 (2021-11-01)
+==================
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+
+- Changed call in ``with_port()`` to stop reencoding parts of the URL that were already encoded. (`#623 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/623>`_)
+
+
+1.7.1 (2021-10-07)
+==================
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+
+- Fix 1.7.0 build error
+
+1.7.0 (2021-10-06)
+==================
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Add ``__bytes__()`` magic method so that ``bytes(url)`` will work and use optimal ASCII encoding.
+  (`#582 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/582>`_)
+- Started shipping platform-specific arm64 wheels for Apple Silicon. (`#622 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/622>`_)
+- Started shipping platform-specific wheels with the ``musl`` tag targeting typical Alpine Linux runtimes. (`#622 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/622>`_)
+- Added support for Python 3.10. (`#622 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/622>`_)
+
+
+1.6.3 (2020-11-14)
+==================
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+
+- No longer loose characters when decoding incorrect percent-sequences (like ``%e2%82%f8``). All non-decodable percent-sequences are now preserved.
+  `#517 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/517>`_
+- Provide x86 Windows wheels.
+  `#535 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/535>`_
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.6.2 (2020-10-12)
+==================
+
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+
+- Provide generated ``.c`` files in TarBall distribution.
+  `#530  <https://github.com/aio-libs/multidict/issues/530>`_
+
+1.6.1 (2020-10-12)
+==================
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Provide wheels for ``aarch64``, ``i686``, ``ppc64le``, ``s390x`` architectures on
+  Linux as well as ``x86_64``.
+  `#507  <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/507>`_
+- Provide wheels for Python 3.9.
+  `#526 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/526>`_
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+
+- ``human_repr()`` now always produces valid representation equivalent to the original URL (if the original URL is valid).
+  `#511 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/511>`_
+- Fixed  requoting a single percent followed by a percent-encoded character in the Cython implementation.
+  `#514 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/514>`_
+- Fix ValueError when decoding ``%`` which is not followed by two hexadecimal digits.
+  `#516 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/516>`_
+- Fix decoding ``%`` followed by a space and hexadecimal digit.
+  `#520 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/520>`_
+- Fix annotation of ``with_query()``/``update_query()`` methods for ``key=[val1, val2]`` case.
+  `#528 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/528>`_
+
+Removal
+-------
+
+- Drop Python 3.5 support; Python 3.6 is the minimal supported Python version.
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.6.0 (2020-09-23)
+==================
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Allow for int and float subclasses in query, while still denying bool.
+  `#492 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/492>`_
+
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+
+- Do not requote arguments in ``URL.build()``, ``with_xxx()`` and in ``/`` operator.
+  `#502 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/502>`_
+- Keep IPv6 brackets in ``origin()``.
+  `#504 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/504>`_
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.5.1 (2020-08-01)
+==================
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+
+- Fix including relocated internal ``yarl._quoting_c`` C-extension into published PyPI dists.
+  `#485 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/485>`_
+
+
+Misc
+----
+
+- `#484 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/484>`_
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.5.0 (2020-07-26)
+==================
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Convert host to lowercase on URL building.
+  `#386 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/386>`_
+- Allow using ``mod`` operator (``%``) for updating query string (an alias for ``update_query()`` method).
+  `#435 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/435>`_
+- Allow use of sequences such as ``list`` and ``tuple`` in the values
+  of a mapping such as ``dict`` to represent that a key has many values::
+
+      url = URL("http://example.com")
+      assert url.with_query({"a": [1, 2]}) == URL("http://example.com/?a=1&a=2")
+
+  `#443 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/443>`_
+- Support ``URL.build()`` with scheme and path (creates a relative URL).
+  `#464 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/464>`_
+- Cache slow IDNA encode/decode calls.
+  `#476 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/476>`_
+- Add ``@final`` / ``Final`` type hints
+  `#477 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/477>`_
+- Support URL authority/raw_authority properties and authority argument of ``URL.build()`` method.
+  `#478 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/478>`_
+- Hide the library implementation details, make the exposed public list very clean.
+  `#483 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/483>`_
+
+
+Bugfixes
+--------
+
+- Fix tests with newer Python (3.7.6, 3.8.1 and 3.9.0+).
+  `#409 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/409>`_
+- Fix a bug where query component, passed in a form of mapping or sequence, is unquoted in unexpected way.
+  `#426 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/426>`_
+- Hide ``Query`` and ``QueryVariable`` type aliases in ``__init__.pyi``, now they are prefixed with underscore.
+  `#431 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/431>`_
+- Keep IPv6 brackets after updating port/user/password.
+  `#451 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/451>`_
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.4.2 (2019-12-05)
+==================
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Workaround for missing ``str.isascii()`` in Python 3.6
+  `#389 <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues/389>`_
+
+
+----
+
+
+1.4.1 (2019-11-29)
+==================
+
+* Fix regression, make the library work on Python 3.5 and 3.6 again.
+
+1.4.0 (2019-11-29)
+==================
+
+* Distinguish an empty password in URL from a password not provided at all (#262)
+
+* Fixed annotations for optional parameters of ``URL.build`` (#309)
+
+* Use None as default value of ``user`` parameter of ``URL.build`` (#309)
+
+* Enforce building C Accelerated modules when installing from source tarball, use
+  ``YARL_NO_EXTENSIONS`` environment variable for falling back to (slower) Pure Python
+  implementation (#329)
+
+* Drop Python 3.5 support
+
+* Fix quoting of plus in path by pure python version (#339)
+
+* Don't create a new URL if fragment is unchanged (#292)
+
+* Included in error message the path that produces starting slash forbidden error (#376)
+
+* Skip slow IDNA encoding for ASCII-only strings (#387)
+
+
+1.3.0 (2018-12-11)
+==================
+
+* Fix annotations for ``query`` parameter (#207)
+
+* An incoming query sequence can have int variables (the same as for
+  Mapping type) (#208)
+
+* Add ``URL.explicit_port`` property (#218)
+
+* Give a friendlier error when port can't be converted to int (#168)
+
+* ``bool(URL())`` now returns ``False`` (#272)
+
+1.2.6 (2018-06-14)
+==================
+
+* Drop Python 3.4 trove classifier (#205)
+
+1.2.5 (2018-05-23)
+==================
+
+* Fix annotations for ``build`` (#199)
+
+1.2.4 (2018-05-08)
+==================
+
+* Fix annotations for ``cached_property`` (#195)
+
+1.2.3 (2018-05-03)
+==================
+
+* Accept ``str`` subclasses in ``URL`` constructor (#190)
+
+1.2.2 (2018-05-01)
+==================
+
+* Fix build
+
+1.2.1 (2018-04-30)
+==================
+
+* Pin minimal required Python to 3.5.3 (#189)
+
+1.2.0 (2018-04-30)
+==================
+
+* Forbid inheritance, replace ``__init__`` with ``__new__`` (#171)
+
+* Support PEP-561 (provide type hinting marker) (#182)
+
+1.1.1 (2018-02-17)
+==================
+
+* Fix performance regression: don't encode empty ``netloc`` (#170)
+
+1.1.0 (2018-01-21)
+==================
+
+* Make pure Python quoter consistent with Cython version (#162)
+
+1.0.0 (2018-01-15)
+==================
+
+* Use fast path if quoted string does not need requoting (#154)
+
+* Speed up quoting/unquoting by ``_Quoter`` and ``_Unquoter`` classes (#155)
+
+* Drop ``yarl.quote`` and ``yarl.unquote`` public functions (#155)
+
+* Add custom string writer, reuse static buffer if available (#157)
+  Code is 50-80 times faster than Pure Python version (was 4-5 times faster)
+
+* Don't recode IP zone (#144)
+
+* Support ``encoded=True`` in ``yarl.URL.build()`` (#158)
+
+* Fix updating query with multiple keys (#160)
+
+0.18.0 (2018-01-10)
+===================
+
+* Fallback to IDNA 2003 if domain name is not IDNA 2008 compatible (#152)
+
+0.17.0 (2017-12-30)
+===================
+
+* Use IDNA 2008 for domain name processing (#149)
+
+0.16.0 (2017-12-07)
+===================
+
+* Fix raising ``TypeError`` by ``url.query_string()`` after
+  ``url.with_query({})`` (empty mapping) (#141)
+
+0.15.0 (2017-11-23)
+===================
+
+* Add ``raw_path_qs`` attribute (#137)
+
+0.14.2 (2017-11-14)
+===================
+
+* Restore ``strict`` parameter as no-op in ``quote`` / ``unquote``
+
+0.14.1 (2017-11-13)
+===================
+
+* Restore ``strict`` parameter as no-op for sake of compatibility with
+  aiohttp 2.2
+
+0.14.0 (2017-11-11)
+===================
+
+* Drop strict mode (#123)
+
+* Fix ``"ValueError: Unallowed PCT %"`` when there's a ``"%"`` in the URL (#124)
+
+0.13.0 (2017-10-01)
+===================
+
+* Document ``encoded`` parameter (#102)
+
+* Support relative URLs like ``'?key=value'`` (#100)
+
+* Unsafe encoding for QS fixed. Encode ``;`` character in value parameter (#104)
+
+* Process passwords without user names (#95)
+
+0.12.0 (2017-06-26)
+===================
+
+* Properly support paths without leading slash in ``URL.with_path()`` (#90)
+
+* Enable type annotation checks
+
+0.11.0 (2017-06-26)
+===================
+
+* Normalize path (#86)
+
+* Clear query and fragment parts in ``.with_path()`` (#85)
+
+0.10.3 (2017-06-13)
+===================
+
+* Prevent double URL arguments unquoting (#83)
+
+0.10.2 (2017-05-05)
+===================
+
+* Unexpected hash behavior (#75)
+
+
+0.10.1 (2017-05-03)
+===================
+
+* Unexpected compare behavior (#73)
+
+* Do not quote or unquote + if not a query string. (#74)
+
+
+0.10.0 (2017-03-14)
+===================
+
+* Added ``URL.build`` class method (#58)
+
+* Added ``path_qs`` attribute (#42)
+
+
+0.9.8 (2017-02-16)
+==================
+
+* Do not quote ``:`` in path
+
+
+0.9.7 (2017-02-16)
+==================
+
+* Load from pickle without _cache (#56)
+
+* Percent-encoded pluses in path variables become spaces (#59)
+
+
+0.9.6 (2017-02-15)
+==================
+
+* Revert backward incompatible change (BaseURL)
+
+
+0.9.5 (2017-02-14)
+==================
+
+* Fix BaseURL rich comparison support
+
+
+0.9.4 (2017-02-14)
+==================
+
+* Use BaseURL
+
+
+0.9.3 (2017-02-14)
+==================
+
+* Added BaseURL
+
+
+0.9.2 (2017-02-08)
+==================
+
+* Remove debug print
+
+
+0.9.1 (2017-02-07)
+==================
+
+* Do not lose tail chars (#45)
+
+
+0.9.0 (2017-02-07)
+==================
+
+* Allow to quote ``%`` in non strict mode (#21)
+
+* Incorrect parsing of query parameters with %3B (;) inside (#34)
+
+* Fix core dumps (#41)
+
+* ``tmpbuf`` - compiling error (#43)
+
+* Added ``URL.update_path()`` method
+
+* Added ``URL.update_query()`` method (#47)
+
+
+0.8.1 (2016-12-03)
+==================
+
+* Fix broken aiohttp: revert back ``quote`` / ``unquote``.
+
+
+0.8.0 (2016-12-03)
+==================
+
+* Support more verbose error messages in ``.with_query()`` (#24)
+
+* Don't percent-encode ``@`` and ``:`` in path (#32)
+
+* Don't expose ``yarl.quote`` and ``yarl.unquote``, these functions are
+  part of private API
+
+0.7.1 (2016-11-18)
+==================
+
+* Accept not only ``str`` but all classes inherited from ``str`` also (#25)
+
+0.7.0 (2016-11-07)
+==================
+
+* Accept ``int`` as value for ``.with_query()``
+
+0.6.0 (2016-11-07)
+==================
+
+* Explicitly use UTF8 encoding in ``setup.py`` (#20)
+* Properly unquote non-UTF8 strings (#19)
+
+0.5.3 (2016-11-02)
+==================
+
+* Don't use ``typing.NamedTuple`` fields but indexes on URL construction
+
+0.5.2 (2016-11-02)
+==================
+
+* Inline ``_encode`` class method
+
+0.5.1 (2016-11-02)
+==================
+
+* Make URL construction faster by removing extra classmethod calls
+
+0.5.0 (2016-11-02)
+==================
+
+* Add Cython optimization for quoting/unquoting
+* Provide binary wheels
+
+0.4.3 (2016-09-29)
+==================
+
+* Fix typing stubs
+
+0.4.2 (2016-09-29)
+==================
+
+* Expose ``quote()`` and ``unquote()`` as public API
+
+0.4.1 (2016-09-28)
+==================
+
+* Support empty values in query (``'/path?arg'``)
+
+0.4.0 (2016-09-27)
+==================
+
+* Introduce ``relative()`` (#16)
+
+0.3.2 (2016-09-27)
+==================
+
+* Typo fixes #15
+
+0.3.1 (2016-09-26)
+==================
+
+* Support sequence of pairs as ``with_query()`` parameter
+
+0.3.0 (2016-09-26)
+==================
+
+* Introduce ``is_default_port()``
+
+0.2.1 (2016-09-26)
+==================
+
+* Raise ValueError for URLs like 'http://:8080/'
+
+0.2.0 (2016-09-18)
+==================
+
+* Avoid doubling slashes when joining paths (#13)
+
+* Appending path starting from slash is forbidden (#12)
+
+0.1.4 (2016-09-09)
+==================
+
+* Add ``kwargs`` support for ``with_query()`` (#10)
+
+0.1.3 (2016-09-07)
+==================
+
+* Document ``with_query()``, ``with_fragment()`` and ``origin()``
+
+* Allow ``None`` for ``with_query()`` and ``with_fragment()``
+
+0.1.2 (2016-09-07)
+==================
+
+* Fix links, tune docs theme.
+
+0.1.1 (2016-09-06)
+==================
+
+* Update README, old version used obsolete API
+
+0.1.0 (2016-09-06)
+==================
+
+* The library was deeply refactored, bytes are gone away but all
+  accepted strings are encoded if needed.
+
+0.0.1 (2016-08-30)
+==================
+
+* The first release.

.cache/pip/http-v2/6/0/1/a/a/601aa27698da49f5bed3bc91bb41d8245b8316b66bd86059ef3b929e.body

@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.3
+Name: einops
+Version: 0.8.0
+Summary: A new flavour of deep learning operations
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/arogozhnikov/einops
+Author: Alex Rogozhnikov
+License: MIT
+License-File: LICENSE
+Keywords: deep learning,einops,machine learning,neural networks,scientific computations,tensor manipulation
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Science/Research
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+
+<!--
+<a href='http://arogozhnikov.github.io/images/einops/einops_video.mp4' >
+<div align="center">
+  <img src="http://arogozhnikov.github.io/images/einops/einops_video.gif" alt="einops package examples" />
+  <br>
+  <small><a href='http://arogozhnikov.github.io/images/einops/einops_video.mp4'>This video in high quality (mp4)</a></small>
+  <br><br>
+</div>
+</a>
+-->
+
+<!-- this link magically rendered as video, unfortunately not in docs -->
+
+https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/6318811/177030658-66f0eb5d-e136-44d8-99c9-86ae298ead5b.mp4
+
+
+
+
+# einops 
+[![Run tests](https://github.com/arogozhnikov/einops/actions/workflows/run_tests.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/arogozhnikov/einops/actions/workflows/run_tests.yml)
+[![PyPI version](https://badge.fury.io/py/einops.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/einops)
+[![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/documentation-link-blue.svg)](https://einops.rocks/)
+![Supported python versions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arogozhnikov/einops/master/docs/resources/python_badge.svg)
+
+
+Flexible and powerful tensor operations for readable and reliable code. <br />
+Supports numpy, pytorch, tensorflow, jax, and [others](#supported-frameworks).
+
+## Recent updates:
+
+- 0.7.0: no-hassle `torch.compile`, support of [array api standard](https://data-apis.org/array-api/latest/API_specification/index.html) and more
+- 10'000🎉: github reports that more than 10k project use einops
+- einops 0.6.1: paddle backend added
+- einops 0.6 introduces [packing and unpacking](https://github.com/arogozhnikov/einops/blob/master/docs/4-pack-and-unpack.ipynb)
+- einops 0.5: einsum is now a part of einops
+- [Einops paper](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=oapKSVM2bcj) is accepted for oral presentation at ICLR 2022 (yes, it worth reading).
+  Talk recordings are [available](https://iclr.cc/virtual/2022/oral/6603)
+
+
+<details markdown="1">
+<summary>Previous updates</summary>
+- flax and oneflow backend added
+- torch.jit.script is supported for pytorch layers
+- powerful EinMix added to einops. [Einmix tutorial notebook](https://github.com/arogozhnikov/einops/blob/master/docs/3-einmix-layer.ipynb) 
+</details>
+
+<!--<div align="center">
+  <img src="http://arogozhnikov.github.io/images/einops/einops_logo_350x350.png" 
+  alt="einops package logo" width="250" height="250" />
+  <br><br>
+</div> -->
+
+
+## Tweets 
+
+> In case you need convincing arguments for setting aside time to learn about einsum and einops...
+[Tim Rocktäschel](https://twitter.com/_rockt/status/1230818967205425152)
+
+> Writing better code with PyTorch and einops 👌
+[Andrej Karpathy](https://twitter.com/karpathy/status/1290826075916779520)
+
+> Slowly but surely, einops is seeping in to every nook and cranny of my code. If you find yourself shuffling around bazillion dimensional tensors, this might change your life
+[Nasim Rahaman](https://twitter.com/nasim_rahaman/status/1216022614755463169)
+
+[More testimonials](https://einops.rocks/pages/testimonials/)
+
+<!--
+## Recordings of talk at ICLR 2022
+
+<a href='https://iclr.cc/virtual/2022/oral/6603'>
+<img width="922" alt="Screen Shot 2022-07-03 at 1 00 15 AM" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/6318811/177030789-89d349bf-ef75-4af5-a71f-609896d1c8d9.png">
+</a>
+
+Watch [a 15-minute talk](https://iclr.cc/virtual/2022/oral/6603) focused on main problems of standard tensor manipulation methods, and how einops improves this process.
+-->
+
+## Contents
+
+- [Installation](#Installation)
+- [Documentation](https://einops.rocks/)
+- [Tutorial](#Tutorials) 
+- [API micro-reference](#API)
+- [Why using einops](#Why-using-einops-notation)
+- [Supported frameworks](#Supported-frameworks)
+- [Citing](#Citing)
+- [Repository](https://github.com/arogozhnikov/einops) and [discussions](https://github.com/arogozhnikov/einops/discussions)
+
+## Installation  <a name="Installation"></a>
+
+Plain and simple:
+```bash
+pip install einops
+```
+
+<!--
+`einops` has no mandatory dependencies (code examples also require jupyter, pillow + backends). 
+To obtain the latest github version 
+
+```bash
+pip install https://github.com/arogozhnikov/einops/archive/master.zip
+```
+-->
+
+## Tutorials <a name="Tutorials"></a>
+
+Tutorials are the most convenient way to see `einops` in action
+
+- part 1: [einops fundamentals](https://github.com/arogozhnikov/einops/blob/master/docs/1-einops-basics.ipynb) 
+- part 2: [einops for deep learning](https://github.com/arogozhnikov/einops/blob/master/docs/2-einops-for-deep-learning.ipynb)
+- part 3: [packing and unpacking](https://github.com/arogozhnikov/einops/blob/master/docs/4-pack-and-unpack.ipynb)
+- part 4: [improve pytorch code with einops](http://einops.rocks/pytorch-examples.html)   
+
+Kapil Sachdeva recorded a small [intro to einops](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGy75Pjsqzo).
+
+## API <a name="API"></a>
+
+`einops` has a minimalistic yet powerful API.
+
+Three core operations provided ([einops tutorial](https://github.com/arogozhnikov/einops/blob/master/docs/) 
+shows those cover stacking, reshape, transposition, squeeze/unsqueeze, repeat, tile, concatenate, view and numerous reductions)
+
+```python
+from einops import rearrange, reduce, repeat
+# rearrange elements according to the pattern
+output_tensor = rearrange(input_tensor, 't b c -> b c t')
+# combine rearrangement and reduction
+output_tensor = reduce(input_tensor, 'b c (h h2) (w w2) -> b h w c', 'mean', h2=2, w2=2)
+# copy along a new axis
+output_tensor = repeat(input_tensor, 'h w -> h w c', c=3)
+```
+
+Later additions to the family are `pack` and `unpack` functions (better than stack/split/concatenate):
+
+```python
+from einops import pack, unpack
+# pack and unpack allow reversibly 'packing' multiple tensors into one.
+# Packed tensors may be of different dimensionality:
+packed,  ps = pack([class_token_bc, image_tokens_bhwc, text_tokens_btc], 'b * c')
+class_emb_bc, image_emb_bhwc, text_emb_btc = unpack(transformer(packed), ps, 'b * c')
+```
+
+Finally, einops provides einsum with a support of multi-lettered names: 
+
+```python
+from einops import einsum, pack, unpack
+# einsum is like ... einsum, generic and flexible dot-product 
+# but 1) axes can be multi-lettered  2) pattern goes last 3) works with multiple frameworks
+C = einsum(A, B, 'b t1 head c, b t2 head c -> b head t1 t2')
+```
+
+### EinMix
+
+`EinMix` is a generic linear layer, perfect for MLP Mixers and similar architectures.
+
+### Layers
+
+Einops provides layers (`einops` keeps a separate version for each framework) that reflect corresponding functions
+
+```python
+from einops.layers.torch      import Rearrange, Reduce
+from einops.layers.tensorflow import Rearrange, Reduce
+from einops.layers.flax       import Rearrange, Reduce
+from einops.layers.paddle     import Rearrange, Reduce
+from einops.layers.chainer    import Rearrange, Reduce
+```
+
+<details markdown="1">
+<summary>Example of using layers within a pytorch model</summary>
+Example given for pytorch, but code in other frameworks is almost identical
+
+```python 
+from torch.nn import Sequential, Conv2d, MaxPool2d, Linear, ReLU
+from einops.layers.torch import Rearrange
+
+model = Sequential(
+    ...,
+    Conv2d(6, 16, kernel_size=5),
+    MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2),
+    # flattening without need to write forward
+    Rearrange('b c h w -> b (c h w)'),  
+    Linear(16*5*5, 120), 
+    ReLU(),
+    Linear(120, 10), 
+)
+```
+
+No more flatten needed! 
+
+Additionally, torch users will benefit from layers as those are script-able and compile-able.
+</details>
+
+
+
+
+## Naming <a name="Naming"></a>
+
+`einops` stands for Einstein-Inspired Notation for operations 
+(though "Einstein operations" is more attractive and easier to remember).
+
+Notation was loosely inspired by Einstein summation (in particular by `numpy.einsum` operation).
+
+## Why use `einops` notation?! <a name="Why-using-einops-notation"></a>
+
+
+### Semantic information (being verbose in expectations)
+
+```python
+y = x.view(x.shape[0], -1)
+y = rearrange(x, 'b c h w -> b (c h w)')
+```
+While these two lines are doing the same job in *some* context,
+the second one provides information about the input and output.
+In other words, `einops` focuses on interface: *what is the input and output*, not *how* the output is computed.
+
+The next operation looks similar:
+
+```python
+y = rearrange(x, 'time c h w -> time (c h w)')
+```
+but it gives the reader a hint: 
+this is not an independent batch of images we are processing, 
+but rather a sequence (video). 
+
+Semantic information makes the code easier to read and maintain. 
+
+### Convenient checks
+
+Reconsider the same example:
+
+```python
+y = x.view(x.shape[0], -1) # x: (batch, 256, 19, 19)
+y = rearrange(x, 'b c h w -> b (c h w)')
+```
+The second line checks that the input has four dimensions, 
+but you can also specify particular dimensions. 
+That's opposed to just writing comments about shapes since comments don't prevent mistakes, not tested, and without code review tend to be outdated   
+```python
+y = x.view(x.shape[0], -1) # x: (batch, 256, 19, 19)
+y = rearrange(x, 'b c h w -> b (c h w)', c=256, h=19, w=19)
+```
+
+### Result is strictly determined
+
+Below we have at least two ways to define the depth-to-space operation
+```python
+# depth-to-space
+rearrange(x, 'b c (h h2) (w w2) -> b (c h2 w2) h w', h2=2, w2=2)
+rearrange(x, 'b c (h h2) (w w2) -> b (h2 w2 c) h w', h2=2, w2=2)
+```
+There are at least four more ways to do it. Which one is used by the framework?
+
+These details are ignored, since *usually* it makes no difference, 
+but it can make a big difference (e.g. if you use grouped convolutions in the next stage), 
+and you'd like to specify this in your code.
+
+
+### Uniformity
+
+```python
+reduce(x, 'b c (x dx) -> b c x', 'max', dx=2)
+reduce(x, 'b c (x dx) (y dy) -> b c x y', 'max', dx=2, dy=3)
+reduce(x, 'b c (x dx) (y dy) (z dz) -> b c x y z', 'max', dx=2, dy=3, dz=4)
+```
+These examples demonstrated that we don't use separate operations for 1d/2d/3d pooling, 
+those are all defined in a uniform way. 
+
+Space-to-depth and depth-to space are defined in many frameworks but how about width-to-height? Here you go:
+
+```python
+rearrange(x, 'b c h (w w2) -> b c (h w2) w', w2=2)
+```
+
+### Framework independent behavior
+
+Even simple functions are defined differently by different frameworks
+
+```python
+y = x.flatten() # or flatten(x)
+```
+
+Suppose `x`'s shape was `(3, 4, 5)`, then `y` has shape ...
+
+- numpy, pytorch, cupy, chainer: `(60,)`
+- keras, tensorflow.layers, gluon: `(3, 20)`
+
+`einops` works the same way in all frameworks.
+
+### Independence of framework terminology
+
+Example: `tile` vs `repeat` causes lots of confusion. To copy image along width:
+```python
+np.tile(image, (1, 2))    # in numpy
+image.repeat(1, 2)        # pytorch's repeat ~ numpy's tile
+```
+
+With einops you don't need to decipher which axis was repeated:
+```python
+repeat(image, 'h w -> h (tile w)', tile=2)  # in numpy
+repeat(image, 'h w -> h (tile w)', tile=2)  # in pytorch
+repeat(image, 'h w -> h (tile w)', tile=2)  # in tf
+repeat(image, 'h w -> h (tile w)', tile=2)  # in jax
+repeat(image, 'h w -> h (tile w)', tile=2)  # in cupy
+... (etc.)
+```
+
+[Testimonials](https://einops.rocks/pages/testimonials/) provide users' perspective on the same question. 
+
+## Supported frameworks <a name="Supported-frameworks"></a>
+
+Einops works with ...
+
+- [numpy](http://www.numpy.org/)
+- [pytorch](https://pytorch.org/)
+- [tensorflow](https://www.tensorflow.org/)
+- [jax](https://github.com/google/jax)
+- [cupy](https://cupy.chainer.org/)
+- [chainer](https://chainer.org/)
+- [tf.keras](https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/keras)
+- [flax](https://github.com/google/flax) (experimental)
+- [paddle](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle) (experimental)
+- [oneflow](https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/oneflow) (community)
+- [tinygrad](https://github.com/tinygrad/tinygrad) (community)
+
+Additionally, starting from einops 0.7.0 einops can be used with any framework that supports [Python array API standard](https://data-apis.org/array-api/latest/API_specification/index.html)
+
+## Citing einops <a name="Citing"></a>
+
+Please use the following bibtex record
+
+```text
+@inproceedings{
+    rogozhnikov2022einops,
+    title={Einops: Clear and Reliable Tensor Manipulations with Einstein-like Notation},
+    author={Alex Rogozhnikov},
+    booktitle={International Conference on Learning Representations},
+    year={2022},
+    url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=oapKSVM2bcj}
+}
+```
+
+
+## Supported python versions
+
+`einops` works with python 3.8 or later.

.cache/pip/http-v2/9/f/e/d/0/9fed0241b6f6a060996284779065d8ed334b4bc0892996ee7a865868.body

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: jupyter
+Version: 1.1.1
+Summary: Jupyter metapackage. Install all the Jupyter components in one go.
+Home-page: https://jupyter.org
+Author: Jupyter Development Team
+Author-email: jupyter@googlegroups.org
+License: BSD
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Science/Research
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+License-File: LICENSE
+Requires-Dist: notebook
+Requires-Dist: jupyter-console
+Requires-Dist: nbconvert
+Requires-Dist: ipykernel
+Requires-Dist: ipywidgets
+Requires-Dist: jupyterlab
+
+# Jupyter metapackage
+
+Find more information on [the Jupyter homepage](https://jupyter.org).
+
+## A default installation of most common Jupyter packages
+
+`pip install jupyter` installs the Jupyter Notebook, JupyterLab, and the IPython Kernel.
+
+This is an empty metapackage for user convenience,
+only expressing dependencies on multiple Jupyter packages.
+`jupyter` should not be used as a dependency for any packages.
+
+For more efficient installation of what you need,
+all Jupyter components installed by `pip install jupyter` can be installed separately.
+For example:
+
+- `notebook` - Jupyter Notebook
+- `jupyterlab` - JupyterLab (added to metapackage v1.1)
+- `ipython` - IPython (terminal)
+- `ipykernel` - IPython Kernel for Jupyter
+- `jupyter-console` - terminal Jupyter client
+- `nbconvert` - convert notebooks between formats
+- `ipywidgets` - interactive widgets package for IPython
+
+No longer included in `pip install jupyter`, but still supported:
+
+- `qtconsole` - Qt Console (removed in metapackage v1.1)

.cache/pip/http-v2/a/b/7/2/8/ab7286aff652f0ea3cc68322991122267ea675cbb86a9b1ccfe4ace3.body

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: aiohttp
+Version: 3.10.6
+Summary: Async http client/server framework (asyncio)
+Home-page: https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp
+Maintainer: aiohttp team <team@aiohttp.org>
+Maintainer-email: team@aiohttp.org
+License: Apache 2
+Project-URL: Chat: Matrix, https://matrix.to/#/#aio-libs:matrix.org
+Project-URL: Chat: Matrix Space, https://matrix.to/#/#aio-libs-space:matrix.org
+Project-URL: CI: GitHub Actions, https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/actions?query=workflow%3ACI
+Project-URL: Coverage: codecov, https://codecov.io/github/aio-libs/aiohttp
+Project-URL: Docs: Changelog, https://docs.aiohttp.org/en/stable/changes.html
+Project-URL: Docs: RTD, https://docs.aiohttp.org
+Project-URL: GitHub: issues, https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/issues
+Project-URL: GitHub: repo, https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Framework :: AsyncIO
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
+Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX
+Classifier: Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X
+Classifier: Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP
+Requires-Python: >=3.8
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+Requires-Dist: aiohappyeyeballs >=2.3.0
+Requires-Dist: aiosignal >=1.1.2
+Requires-Dist: attrs >=17.3.0
+Requires-Dist: frozenlist >=1.1.1
+Requires-Dist: multidict <7.0,>=4.5
+Requires-Dist: yarl <2.0,>=1.12.0
+Requires-Dist: async-timeout <5.0,>=4.0 ; python_version < "3.11"
+Provides-Extra: speedups
+Requires-Dist: brotlicffi ; (platform_python_implementation != "CPython") and extra == 'speedups'
+Requires-Dist: Brotli ; (platform_python_implementation == "CPython") and extra == 'speedups'
+Requires-Dist: aiodns >=3.2.0 ; (sys_platform == "linux" or sys_platform == "darwin") and extra == 'speedups'
+
+==================================
+Async http client/server framework
+==================================
+
+.. image:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/master/docs/aiohttp-plain.svg
+   :height: 64px
+   :width: 64px
+   :alt: aiohttp logo
+
+|
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/workflows/CI/badge.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/actions?query=workflow%3ACI
+   :alt: GitHub Actions status for master branch
+
+.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/aio-libs/aiohttp/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
+   :target: https://codecov.io/gh/aio-libs/aiohttp
+   :alt: codecov.io status for master branch
+
+.. image:: https://badge.fury.io/py/aiohttp.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.org/project/aiohttp
+   :alt: Latest PyPI package version
+
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/aiohttp/badge/?version=latest
+   :target: https://docs.aiohttp.org/
+   :alt: Latest Read The Docs
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/matrix/aio-libs:matrix.org?label=Discuss%20on%20Matrix%20at%20%23aio-libs%3Amatrix.org&logo=matrix&server_fqdn=matrix.org&style=flat
+   :target: https://matrix.to/#/%23aio-libs:matrix.org
+   :alt: Matrix Room — #aio-libs:matrix.org
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/matrix/aio-libs-space:matrix.org?label=Discuss%20on%20Matrix%20at%20%23aio-libs-space%3Amatrix.org&logo=matrix&server_fqdn=matrix.org&style=flat
+   :target: https://matrix.to/#/%23aio-libs-space:matrix.org
+   :alt: Matrix Space — #aio-libs-space:matrix.org
+
+
+Key Features
+============
+
+- Supports both client and server side of HTTP protocol.
+- Supports both client and server Web-Sockets out-of-the-box and avoids
+  Callback Hell.
+- Provides Web-server with middleware and pluggable routing.
+
+
+Getting started
+===============
+
+Client
+------
+
+To get something from the web:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+  import aiohttp
+  import asyncio
+
+  async def main():
+
+      async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
+          async with session.get('http://python.org') as response:
+
+              print("Status:", response.status)
+              print("Content-type:", response.headers['content-type'])
+
+              html = await response.text()
+              print("Body:", html[:15], "...")
+
+  asyncio.run(main())
+
+This prints:
+
+.. code-block::
+
+    Status: 200
+    Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8
+    Body: <!doctype html> ...
+
+Coming from `requests <https://requests.readthedocs.io/>`_ ? Read `why we need so many lines <https://aiohttp.readthedocs.io/en/latest/http_request_lifecycle.html>`_.
+
+Server
+------
+
+An example using a simple server:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    # examples/server_simple.py
+    from aiohttp import web
+
+    async def handle(request):
+        name = request.match_info.get('name', "Anonymous")
+        text = "Hello, " + name
+        return web.Response(text=text)
+
+    async def wshandle(request):
+        ws = web.WebSocketResponse()
+        await ws.prepare(request)
+
+        async for msg in ws:
+            if msg.type == web.WSMsgType.text:
+                await ws.send_str("Hello, {}".format(msg.data))
+            elif msg.type == web.WSMsgType.binary:
+                await ws.send_bytes(msg.data)
+            elif msg.type == web.WSMsgType.close:
+                break
+
+        return ws
+
+
+    app = web.Application()
+    app.add_routes([web.get('/', handle),
+                    web.get('/echo', wshandle),
+                    web.get('/{name}', handle)])
+
+    if __name__ == '__main__':
+        web.run_app(app)
+
+
+Documentation
+=============
+
+https://aiohttp.readthedocs.io/
+
+
+Demos
+=====
+
+https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp-demos
+
+
+External links
+==============
+
+* `Third party libraries
+  <http://aiohttp.readthedocs.io/en/latest/third_party.html>`_
+* `Built with aiohttp
+  <http://aiohttp.readthedocs.io/en/latest/built_with.html>`_
+* `Powered by aiohttp
+  <http://aiohttp.readthedocs.io/en/latest/powered_by.html>`_
+
+Feel free to make a Pull Request for adding your link to these pages!
+
+
+Communication channels
+======================
+
+*aio-libs Discussions*: https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp/discussions
+
+*Matrix*: `#aio-libs:matrix.org <https://matrix.to/#/#aio-libs:matrix.org>`_
+
+We support `Stack Overflow
+<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/aiohttp>`_.
+Please add *aiohttp* tag to your question there.
+
+Requirements
+============
+
+- attrs_
+- multidict_
+- yarl_
+- frozenlist_
+
+Optionally you may install the aiodns_ library (highly recommended for sake of speed).
+
+.. _aiodns: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/aiodns
+.. _attrs: https://github.com/python-attrs/attrs
+.. _multidict: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/multidict
+.. _frozenlist: https://pypi.org/project/frozenlist/
+.. _yarl: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/yarl
+.. _async-timeout: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/async_timeout
+
+License
+=======
+
+``aiohttp`` is offered under the Apache 2 license.
+
+
+Keepsafe
+========
+
+The aiohttp community would like to thank Keepsafe
+(https://www.getkeepsafe.com) for its support in the early days of
+the project.
+
+
+Source code
+===========
+
+The latest developer version is available in a GitHub repository:
+https://github.com/aio-libs/aiohttp
+
+Benchmarks
+==========
+
+If you are interested in efficiency, the AsyncIO community maintains a
+list of benchmarks on the official wiki:
+https://github.com/python/asyncio/wiki/Benchmarks