wiki_qa · Datasets at Hugging Face

question_id stringlengths 2 5	question stringlengths 11 120	document_title stringlengths 2 81	answer stringlengths 2 1.08k	label class label 2 classes
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	Materials that cover flat roofs typically allow the water to run off from a slight inclination or camber into a gutter system.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	Water from some flat roofs such as on garden sheds sometimes flows freely off the edge of a roof, though gutter systems are of advantage in keeping both walls and foundations dry.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	Gutters on smaller roofs often lead water directly onto the ground, or better, into a specially made soakaway.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	Gutters on larger roofs usually lead water into the rainwater drainage system of any built up area.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	Occasionally flat roofs though are designed to collect water in a pool, usually for aesthetic purposes, or for rainwater buffering.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	Flat roofs exist all over the world and each area has its own tradition or preference for materials used.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	In warmer climes where rainfall is less and freezing is unlikely to occur, many flat roofs are simply built of masonry or concrete and this is good at keeping out the heat of the sun and cheap and easy to build where timber is not readily available.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	In areas where the roof could become saturated by rain and leak, or where water soaked into the brickwork could freeze to ice and thus lead to 'blowing' (breaking up of the mortar/brickwork/concrete by the expansion of ice as it forms) these roofs are not suitable.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	Traditionally most flat roofs in the western world make use of tar or more usually tar paper applied over roof decking to keep a building watertight.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	The tar or tarpaper is in turn covered in gravel to keep the sun's heat, UV rays and weather off it and helps protect it from cracking or blistering and degradation.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	Roof decking is usually of plywood, chipboard or OSB boards (OSB = Oriented Strand Board , also known as Sterling board ) of around 18mm thickness.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	The tar coating is applied in one or more coats as a hot liquid, heated in a tar kettle , or as sheets of tar impregnated 'paper' glued down and sealed together at joints by hot tar - once it has cooled, the gravel is spread evenly over it.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	A main reason for failure of these traditional roofs is ignorance or lack of maintenance where people or events cause the gravel to be moved or removed from the tar or tarpaper waterproofing, thus exposing it to weather and sun whereupon cracking and blistering occurs over time and eventually water gets in.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	Tarpaper is usually a 'paper' or fibre material soaked or impregnated in tar.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	As gravel cannot protect tarpaper surfaces where they rise vertically from the roof such as on parapet walls or upstands, tarpaper variants are produced with fine gravel applied to the hot tar during the process of manufacture such that a permanent layer of gravel is stuck to it in order to give it ongoing protection.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	Tarpapers vary in quality as does the workmanship and training of those applying it to produce more or less successful results.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	In some micro climates or shaded areas these rather 'basic' tarpaper roofs can last well in relation to the cost of materials purchase and cost of laying them, however the cost of modern membranes such as EPDM has come down over recent years to make them more and more affordable.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	There are now more firms supplying modern alternatives and there is generally a growing awareness of their performance and availability.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	If a leak does occur on a flat roof then damage often goes unnoticed for long periods of time during which water penetrates and soaks the decking and any insulation and/or structure beneath it.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	This can lead to expensive damage from the rot which often develops and if left can weaken the roof structure.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	There are also various health risks to people and animals breathing the mould spores: the severity of this health risk remains a debated point.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	One problem with maintaining flat roofs is that if water does penetrate the barrier covering (be it traditional or a modern membrane) it can travel a long way before causing visible damage or leaking into a building where it can be seen.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	Thus it is not easy to see where it is leaking in order to repair it.	00
Q40	how long is a flat membrane roof good for?	Flat roof	Once underlying roof decking is soaked it often sags causing a further collection or puddling of water in that area and the problem worsens.	00
Q41	how cds are read	CD-ROM	A CD-ROM () is a pre-pressed compact disc which contains data .	00
Q41	how cds are read	CD-ROM	The name is an acronym which stands for "Compact Disc Read-only memory ".	00
Q41	how cds are read	CD-ROM	Computers can read CD-ROMs, but cannot write on them.	00
Q41	how cds are read	CD-ROM	CD-ROMs are popularly used to distribute computer software , including video games and multimedia applications, though any data can be stored (up to the capacity limit of a disc).	00
Q41	how cds are read	CD-ROM	Some CDs, called enhanced CDs , hold both computer data and audio with the latter capable of being played on a CD player , while data (such as software or digital video) is only usable on a computer (such as ISO 9660 format PC CD-ROMs).	00
Q41	how cds are read	CD-ROM	The Yellow Book is the technical standard that defines the format of CD-ROMs.	00
Q41	how cds are read	CD-ROM	One of a set of color-bound books that contain the technical specifications for all CD formats, the Yellow Book, created by Sony and Philips , was the first extension of Compact Disc Digital Audio .	00
Q41	how cds are read	CD-ROM	It adapted the format to hold any form of data.	00
Q42	how much is jk rowling worth	J. K. Rowling	Joanne "Jo" Rowling (), (born 31 July 1965), pen name J. K. Rowling, is a British novelist, best known as the author of the Harry Potter fantasy series.	00
Q42	how much is jk rowling worth	J. K. Rowling	The Potter books have gained worldwide attention, won multiple awards, and sold more than 400 million copies.	00
Q42	how much is jk rowling worth	J. K. Rowling	They have become the best-selling book series in history , and been the basis for a series of films which has become the highest-grossing film series in history .	00
Q42	how much is jk rowling worth	J. K. Rowling	Rowling had overall approval on the scripts as well as maintaining creative control by serving as a producer on the final instalment.	00
Q42	how much is jk rowling worth	J. K. Rowling	Born in Yate , Gloucestershire , Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International when she conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series on a delayed train from Manchester to London in 1990.	00
Q42	how much is jk rowling worth	J. K. Rowling	The seven-year period that followed entailed the death of her mother, divorce from her first husband and poverty until Rowling finished the first novel in the series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (1997).	00
Q42	how much is jk rowling worth	J. K. Rowling	Rowling subsequently published 6 sequels—the last, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (2007)—as well as 3 supplements to the series.	00
Q42	how much is jk rowling worth	J. K. Rowling	In 2012, Rowling parted with her agency and resumed writing in the form of a tragicomedy novel aimed at adult readership, entitled The Casual Vacancy .	00
Q42	how much is jk rowling worth	J. K. Rowling	Rowling has said she is currently working on two books—one aimed for adults, the other for children younger than the Harry Potter audience, and she expects the latter to be published first.	00
Q42	how much is jk rowling worth	J. K. Rowling	Rowling has led a " rags to riches " life story, in which she progressed from living on state benefits to multi-millionaire status within five years.	00
Q42	how much is jk rowling worth	J. K. Rowling	She is the United Kingdom's best-selling author since records began, with sales in excess of £238m.	00
Q42	how much is jk rowling worth	J. K. Rowling	The 2008 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowling's fortune at £560 million ($798 million), ranking her as the twelfth richest woman in the United Kingdom.	11
Q42	how much is jk rowling worth	J. K. Rowling	Forbes ranked Rowling as the forty-eighth most powerful celebrity of 2007, and TIME magazine named her as a runner-up for its 2007 Person of the Year , noting the social, moral, and political inspiration she has given her fans .	00
Q42	how much is jk rowling worth	J. K. Rowling	In October 2010, Rowling was named the "Most Influential Woman in Britain" by leading magazine editors.	00
Q42	how much is jk rowling worth	J. K. Rowling	She has become a notable philanthropist, supporting such charities as Comic Relief , One Parent Families , Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain and Lumos (formerly the Children's High Level Group).	00
Q43	how big is auburndale florida	Auburndale, Florida	Auburndale is a city in Polk County, Florida , United States .	00
Q43	how big is auburndale florida	Auburndale, Florida	The population was 11,032 at the 2000 census.	00
Q43	how big is auburndale florida	Auburndale, Florida	According to the U.S Census estimates of 2005, the city had a population of 12,381.	11
Q43	how big is auburndale florida	Auburndale, Florida	It is part of the Lakeland – Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area .	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	Hurricane Isabel (2003) as seen from orbit during Expedition 7 of the International Space Station .	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	The eye , eyewall, and surrounding rainbands , characteristics of tropical cyclones, are clearly visible in this view from space.	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low-pressure center surrounded by a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce strong winds and heavy rain.	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	Tropical cyclones strengthen when water evaporated from the ocean is released as the saturated air rises, resulting in condensation of water vapor contained in the moist air.	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	They are fueled by a different heat mechanism than other cyclonic windstorms such as nor'easters , European windstorms , and polar lows .	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	The characteristic that separates tropical cyclones from other cyclonic systems is that at any height in the atmosphere, the center of a tropical cyclone will be warmer than its surroundings; a phenomenon called " warm core " storm systems.	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	The term "tropical" refers both to the geographical origin of these systems, which usually form in tropical regions of the globe, and to their formation in maritime tropical air masses .	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	The term "cyclone" refers to such storms' cyclonic nature, with counterclockwise wind flow in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise wind flow in the Southern Hemisphere .	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	The opposite direction of the wind flow is a result of the Coriolis force .	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	Depending on its location and strength, a tropical cyclone is referred to by names such as hurricane (, ), typhoon (), tropical storm , cyclonic storm, tropical depression , and simply cyclone.	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	While tropical cyclones can produce extremely powerful winds and torrential rain , they are also able to produce high waves, damaging storm surge , and tornadoes .	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	They develop over large bodies of warm water, and lose their strength if they move over land due to increased surface friction and loss of the warm ocean as an energy source.	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	This is why coastal regions can receive significant damage from a tropical cyclone, while inland regions are relatively safe from receiving strong winds.	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	Heavy rains, however, can produce significant flooding inland, and storm surges can produce extensive coastal flooding up to from the coastline.	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	Although their effects on human populations can be devastating, tropical cyclones can relieve drought conditions.	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	They also carry heat energy away from the tropics and transport it toward temperate latitudes , which makes them an important part of the global atmospheric circulation mechanism.	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	As a result, tropical cyclones help to maintain equilibrium in the Earth's troposphere , and to maintain a relatively stable and warm temperature worldwide.	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	Many tropical cyclones develop when the atmospheric conditions around a weak disturbance in the atmosphere are favorable.	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	The background environment is modulated by climatological cycles and patterns such as the Madden-Julian oscillation , El Niño-Southern Oscillation , and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation .	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	Others form when other types of cyclones acquire tropical characteristics.	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	Tropical systems are then moved by steering winds in the troposphere ; if the conditions remain favorable, the tropical disturbance intensifies, and can even develop an eye .	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	On the other end of the spectrum, if the conditions around the system deteriorate or the tropical cyclone makes landfall, the system weakens and eventually dissipates.	00
Q44	how are tropical storms and hurricanes named	Tropical cyclone	It is not possible to artificially induce the dissipation of these systems with current technology.	00
Q45	how old is kirk douglas, the actor?	Kirk Douglas	Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch, ; December 9, 1916) is an American stage and film actor, film producer and author.	11
Q45	how old is kirk douglas, the actor?	Kirk Douglas	His popular films include Out of the Past (1947), Champion (1949), Ace in the Hole (1951), The Bad and the Beautiful (1952), 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954), Lust for Life (1956), Paths of Glory (1957), Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957), The Vikings (1958), Spartacus (1960), Lonely Are the Brave (1962), Seven Days in May (1964), The Heroes of Telemark (1965) and Tough Guys (1986).	00
Q45	how old is kirk douglas, the actor?	Kirk Douglas	He is No.17 on the American Film Institute 's list of the greatest male American screen legends of all time , making him the highest-ranked living person on the list.	00
Q45	how old is kirk douglas, the actor?	Kirk Douglas	In 1996, he received the Academy Honorary Award "for 50 years as a creative and moral force in the motion picture community."	00
Q45	how old is kirk douglas, the actor?	Kirk Douglas	He is one of the last surviving actors from Hollywood's "golden age" .	00
Q46	how old is the singer bob seger	Bob Seger	Robert Clark "Bob" Seger (born May 6, 1945) is an American rock and roll singer-songwriter , guitarist and pianist .	11
Q46	how old is the singer bob seger	Bob Seger	As a locally successful Detroit-area artist, he performed and recorded as Bob Seger and the Last Heard and Bob Seger System throughout the 1960s.	00
Q46	how old is the singer bob seger	Bob Seger	By the early 1970s, he had dropped the "System" from his recordings and continued to strive for broader success with other various bands.	00
Q46	how old is the singer bob seger	Bob Seger	In 1973, he put together The Silver Bullet Band, a group of Detroit-area musicians, with whom he became most successful on the national level with the album Live Bullet , recorded live with the Silver Bullet Band in 1975 at Cobo Hall in Detroit, Michigan.	00
Q46	how old is the singer bob seger	Bob Seger	In 1976, he achieved a national breakout with the studio album Night Moves .	00
Q46	how old is the singer bob seger	Bob Seger	On his studio albums, he also worked extensively with the Alabama-based Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section , which appeared on several of Seger's best-selling singles and albums.	00
Q46	how old is the singer bob seger	Bob Seger	A roots rocker with a classic raspy, shouting voice, Seger wrote and recorded songs that dealt with love, women, blue-collar themes and was an exemplar of heartland rock .	00
Q46	how old is the singer bob seger	Bob Seger	Seger has recorded many hits, including " Night Moves ," " Turn the Page ," " We've Got Tonight ," " Against the Wind ," and Shakedown that was written for Beverly Hills Cop II and " Like a Rock ," and also co-wrote the Eagles ' number-one hit " Heartache Tonight ."	00
Q46	how old is the singer bob seger	Bob Seger	His iconic recording of " Old Time Rock and Roll " was named one of the Songs of the Century in 2001.	00
Q46	how old is the singer bob seger	Bob Seger	With a career spanning five decades, Seger continues to perform and record today.	00
Q46	how old is the singer bob seger	Bob Seger	Seger was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004 and the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2012.	00
Q50	how long was richard nixon a president	Richard Nixon	Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States , serving from 1969 to 1974, when he became the only president to resign the office.	11
Q50	how long was richard nixon a president	Richard Nixon	Nixon had previously served as a Republican U.S. representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.	00
Q50	how long was richard nixon a president	Richard Nixon	Nixon was born in Yorba Linda , California.	00
Q50	how long was richard nixon a president	Richard Nixon	He graduated from Whittier College in 1934 and Duke University School of Law in 1937, returning to California to practice law.	00
Q50	how long was richard nixon a president	Richard Nixon	He and his wife, Pat Nixon , moved to Washington to work for the federal government in 1942.	00
Q50	how long was richard nixon a president	Richard Nixon	He subsequently served in the United States Navy during World War II .	00
Q50	how long was richard nixon a president	Richard Nixon	Nixon was elected in California to the House of Representatives in 1946 and to the Senate in 1950 .	00
Q50	how long was richard nixon a president	Richard Nixon	His pursuit of the Alger Hiss case established his reputation as a leading anti-communist , and elevated him to national prominence.	00
Q50	how long was richard nixon a president	Richard Nixon	He was the running mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower , the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 1952 election .	00
Q50	how long was richard nixon a president	Richard Nixon	Nixon served for eight years as vice president.	00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

Materials that cover flat roofs typically allow the water to run off from a slight inclination or camber into a gutter system.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

Water from some flat roofs such as on garden sheds sometimes flows freely off the edge of a roof, though gutter systems are of advantage in keeping both walls and foundations dry.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

Gutters on smaller roofs often lead water directly onto the ground, or better, into a specially made soakaway.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

Gutters on larger roofs usually lead water into the rainwater drainage system of any built up area.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

Occasionally flat roofs though are designed to collect water in a pool, usually for aesthetic purposes, or for rainwater buffering.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

Flat roofs exist all over the world and each area has its own tradition or preference for materials used.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

In warmer climes where rainfall is less and freezing is unlikely to occur, many flat roofs are simply built of masonry or concrete and this is good at keeping out the heat of the sun and cheap and easy to build where timber is not readily available.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

In areas where the roof could become saturated by rain and leak, or where water soaked into the brickwork could freeze to ice and thus lead to 'blowing' (breaking up of the mortar/brickwork/concrete by the expansion of ice as it forms) these roofs are not suitable.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

Traditionally most flat roofs in the western world make use of tar or more usually tar paper applied over roof decking to keep a building watertight.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

The tar or tarpaper is in turn covered in gravel to keep the sun's heat, UV rays and weather off it and helps protect it from cracking or blistering and degradation.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

Roof decking is usually of plywood, chipboard or OSB boards (OSB = Oriented Strand Board , also known as Sterling board ) of around 18mm thickness.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

The tar coating is applied in one or more coats as a hot liquid, heated in a tar kettle , or as sheets of tar impregnated 'paper' glued down and sealed together at joints by hot tar - once it has cooled, the gravel is spread evenly over it.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

A main reason for failure of these traditional roofs is ignorance or lack of maintenance where people or events cause the gravel to be moved or removed from the tar or tarpaper waterproofing, thus exposing it to weather and sun whereupon cracking and blistering occurs over time and eventually water gets in.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

Tarpaper is usually a 'paper' or fibre material soaked or impregnated in tar.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

As gravel cannot protect tarpaper surfaces where they rise vertically from the roof such as on parapet walls or upstands, tarpaper variants are produced with fine gravel applied to the hot tar during the process of manufacture such that a permanent layer of gravel is stuck to it in order to give it ongoing protection.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

Tarpapers vary in quality as does the workmanship and training of those applying it to produce more or less successful results.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

In some micro climates or shaded areas these rather 'basic' tarpaper roofs can last well in relation to the cost of materials purchase and cost of laying them, however the cost of modern membranes such as EPDM has come down over recent years to make them more and more affordable.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

There are now more firms supplying modern alternatives and there is generally a growing awareness of their performance and availability.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

If a leak does occur on a flat roof then damage often goes unnoticed for long periods of time during which water penetrates and soaks the decking and any insulation and/or structure beneath it.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

This can lead to expensive damage from the rot which often develops and if left can weaken the roof structure.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

There are also various health risks to people and animals breathing the mould spores: the severity of this health risk remains a debated point.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

One problem with maintaining flat roofs is that if water does penetrate the barrier covering (be it traditional or a modern membrane) it can travel a long way before causing visible damage or leaking into a building where it can be seen.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

Thus it is not easy to see where it is leaking in order to repair it.

00

Q40

how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roof

Once underlying roof decking is soaked it often sags causing a further collection or puddling of water in that area and the problem worsens.

00

Q41

how cds are read

CD-ROM

A CD-ROM () is a pre-pressed compact disc which contains data .

00

Q41

how cds are read

CD-ROM

The name is an acronym which stands for "Compact Disc Read-only memory ".

00

Q41

how cds are read

CD-ROM

Computers can read CD-ROMs, but cannot write on them.

00

Q41

how cds are read

CD-ROM

CD-ROMs are popularly used to distribute computer software , including video games and multimedia applications, though any data can be stored (up to the capacity limit of a disc).

00

Q41

how cds are read

CD-ROM

Some CDs, called enhanced CDs , hold both computer data and audio with the latter capable of being played on a CD player , while data (such as software or digital video) is only usable on a computer (such as ISO 9660 format PC CD-ROMs).

00

Q41

how cds are read

CD-ROM

The Yellow Book is the technical standard that defines the format of CD-ROMs.

00

Q41

how cds are read

CD-ROM

One of a set of color-bound books that contain the technical specifications for all CD formats, the Yellow Book, created by Sony and Philips , was the first extension of Compact Disc Digital Audio .

00

Q41

how cds are read

CD-ROM

It adapted the format to hold any form of data.

00

Q42

how much is jk rowling worth

J. K. Rowling

Joanne "Jo" Rowling (), (born 31 July 1965), pen name J. K. Rowling, is a British novelist, best known as the author of the Harry Potter fantasy series.

00

Q42

how much is jk rowling worth

J. K. Rowling

The Potter books have gained worldwide attention, won multiple awards, and sold more than 400 million copies.

00

Q42

how much is jk rowling worth

J. K. Rowling

They have become the best-selling book series in history , and been the basis for a series of films which has become the highest-grossing film series in history .

00

Q42

how much is jk rowling worth

J. K. Rowling

Rowling had overall approval on the scripts as well as maintaining creative control by serving as a producer on the final instalment.

00

Q42

how much is jk rowling worth

J. K. Rowling

Born in Yate , Gloucestershire , Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International when she conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series on a delayed train from Manchester to London in 1990.

00

Q42

how much is jk rowling worth

J. K. Rowling

The seven-year period that followed entailed the death of her mother, divorce from her first husband and poverty until Rowling finished the first novel in the series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (1997).

00

Q42

how much is jk rowling worth

J. K. Rowling

Rowling subsequently published 6 sequels—the last, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (2007)—as well as 3 supplements to the series.

00

Q42

how much is jk rowling worth

J. K. Rowling

In 2012, Rowling parted with her agency and resumed writing in the form of a tragicomedy novel aimed at adult readership, entitled The Casual Vacancy .

00

Q42

how much is jk rowling worth

J. K. Rowling

Rowling has said she is currently working on two books—one aimed for adults, the other for children younger than the Harry Potter audience, and she expects the latter to be published first.

00

Q42

how much is jk rowling worth

J. K. Rowling

Rowling has led a " rags to riches " life story, in which she progressed from living on state benefits to multi-millionaire status within five years.

00

Q42

how much is jk rowling worth

J. K. Rowling

She is the United Kingdom's best-selling author since records began, with sales in excess of £238m.

00

Q42

how much is jk rowling worth

J. K. Rowling

The 2008 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowling's fortune at £560 million ($798 million), ranking her as the twelfth richest woman in the United Kingdom.

11

Q42

how much is jk rowling worth

J. K. Rowling

Forbes ranked Rowling as the forty-eighth most powerful celebrity of 2007, and TIME magazine named her as a runner-up for its 2007 Person of the Year , noting the social, moral, and political inspiration she has given her fans .

00

Q42

how much is jk rowling worth

J. K. Rowling

In October 2010, Rowling was named the "Most Influential Woman in Britain" by leading magazine editors.

00

Q42

how much is jk rowling worth

J. K. Rowling

She has become a notable philanthropist, supporting such charities as Comic Relief , One Parent Families , Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain and Lumos (formerly the Children's High Level Group).

00

Q43

how big is auburndale florida

Auburndale, Florida

Auburndale is a city in Polk County, Florida , United States .

00

Q43

how big is auburndale florida

Auburndale, Florida

The population was 11,032 at the 2000 census.

00

Q43

how big is auburndale florida

Auburndale, Florida

According to the U.S Census estimates of 2005, the city had a population of 12,381.

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Q43

how big is auburndale florida

Auburndale, Florida

It is part of the Lakeland – Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area .

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Q44

how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

Hurricane Isabel (2003) as seen from orbit during Expedition 7 of the International Space Station .

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

The eye , eyewall, and surrounding rainbands , characteristics of tropical cyclones, are clearly visible in this view from space.

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low-pressure center surrounded by a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce strong winds and heavy rain.

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

Tropical cyclones strengthen when water evaporated from the ocean is released as the saturated air rises, resulting in condensation of water vapor contained in the moist air.

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Q44

how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

They are fueled by a different heat mechanism than other cyclonic windstorms such as nor'easters , European windstorms , and polar lows .

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

The characteristic that separates tropical cyclones from other cyclonic systems is that at any height in the atmosphere, the center of a tropical cyclone will be warmer than its surroundings; a phenomenon called " warm core " storm systems.

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Q44

how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

The term "tropical" refers both to the geographical origin of these systems, which usually form in tropical regions of the globe, and to their formation in maritime tropical air masses .

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

The term "cyclone" refers to such storms' cyclonic nature, with counterclockwise wind flow in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise wind flow in the Southern Hemisphere .

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

The opposite direction of the wind flow is a result of the Coriolis force .

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

Depending on its location and strength, a tropical cyclone is referred to by names such as hurricane (, ), typhoon (), tropical storm , cyclonic storm, tropical depression , and simply cyclone.

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Q44

how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

While tropical cyclones can produce extremely powerful winds and torrential rain , they are also able to produce high waves, damaging storm surge , and tornadoes .

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

They develop over large bodies of warm water, and lose their strength if they move over land due to increased surface friction and loss of the warm ocean as an energy source.

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

This is why coastal regions can receive significant damage from a tropical cyclone, while inland regions are relatively safe from receiving strong winds.

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

Heavy rains, however, can produce significant flooding inland, and storm surges can produce extensive coastal flooding up to from the coastline.

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

Although their effects on human populations can be devastating, tropical cyclones can relieve drought conditions.

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

They also carry heat energy away from the tropics and transport it toward temperate latitudes , which makes them an important part of the global atmospheric circulation mechanism.

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

As a result, tropical cyclones help to maintain equilibrium in the Earth's troposphere , and to maintain a relatively stable and warm temperature worldwide.

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

Many tropical cyclones develop when the atmospheric conditions around a weak disturbance in the atmosphere are favorable.

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

The background environment is modulated by climatological cycles and patterns such as the Madden-Julian oscillation , El Niño-Southern Oscillation , and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation .

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Q44

how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

Others form when other types of cyclones acquire tropical characteristics.

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

Tropical systems are then moved by steering winds in the troposphere ; if the conditions remain favorable, the tropical disturbance intensifies, and can even develop an eye .

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

On the other end of the spectrum, if the conditions around the system deteriorate or the tropical cyclone makes landfall, the system weakens and eventually dissipates.

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how are tropical storms and hurricanes named

Tropical cyclone

It is not possible to artificially induce the dissipation of these systems with current technology.

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Q45

how old is kirk douglas, the actor?

Kirk Douglas

Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch, ; December 9, 1916) is an American stage and film actor, film producer and author.

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how old is kirk douglas, the actor?

Kirk Douglas

His popular films include Out of the Past (1947), Champion (1949), Ace in the Hole (1951), The Bad and the Beautiful (1952), 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954), Lust for Life (1956), Paths of Glory (1957), Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957), The Vikings (1958), Spartacus (1960), Lonely Are the Brave (1962), Seven Days in May (1964), The Heroes of Telemark (1965) and Tough Guys (1986).

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how old is kirk douglas, the actor?

Kirk Douglas

He is No.17 on the American Film Institute 's list of the greatest male American screen legends of all time , making him the highest-ranked living person on the list.

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how old is kirk douglas, the actor?

Kirk Douglas

In 1996, he received the Academy Honorary Award "for 50 years as a creative and moral force in the motion picture community."

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how old is kirk douglas, the actor?

Kirk Douglas

He is one of the last surviving actors from Hollywood's "golden age" .

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Q46

how old is the singer bob seger

Bob Seger

Robert Clark "Bob" Seger (born May 6, 1945) is an American rock and roll singer-songwriter , guitarist and pianist .

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Q46

how old is the singer bob seger

Bob Seger

As a locally successful Detroit-area artist, he performed and recorded as Bob Seger and the Last Heard and Bob Seger System throughout the 1960s.

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how old is the singer bob seger

Bob Seger

By the early 1970s, he had dropped the "System" from his recordings and continued to strive for broader success with other various bands.

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how old is the singer bob seger

Bob Seger

In 1973, he put together The Silver Bullet Band, a group of Detroit-area musicians, with whom he became most successful on the national level with the album Live Bullet , recorded live with the Silver Bullet Band in 1975 at Cobo Hall in Detroit, Michigan.

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Q46

how old is the singer bob seger

Bob Seger

In 1976, he achieved a national breakout with the studio album Night Moves .

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how old is the singer bob seger

Bob Seger

On his studio albums, he also worked extensively with the Alabama-based Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section , which appeared on several of Seger's best-selling singles and albums.

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Q46

how old is the singer bob seger

Bob Seger

A roots rocker with a classic raspy, shouting voice, Seger wrote and recorded songs that dealt with love, women, blue-collar themes and was an exemplar of heartland rock .

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how old is the singer bob seger

Bob Seger

Seger has recorded many hits, including " Night Moves ," " Turn the Page ," " We've Got Tonight ," " Against the Wind ," and Shakedown that was written for Beverly Hills Cop II and " Like a Rock ," and also co-wrote the Eagles ' number-one hit " Heartache Tonight ."

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how old is the singer bob seger

Bob Seger

His iconic recording of " Old Time Rock and Roll " was named one of the Songs of the Century in 2001.

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how old is the singer bob seger

Bob Seger

With a career spanning five decades, Seger continues to perform and record today.

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how old is the singer bob seger

Bob Seger

Seger was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004 and the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2012.

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Q50

how long was richard nixon a president

Richard Nixon

Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States , serving from 1969 to 1974, when he became the only president to resign the office.

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Q50

how long was richard nixon a president

Richard Nixon

Nixon had previously served as a Republican U.S. representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

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Q50

how long was richard nixon a president

Richard Nixon

Nixon was born in Yorba Linda , California.

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how long was richard nixon a president

Richard Nixon

He graduated from Whittier College in 1934 and Duke University School of Law in 1937, returning to California to practice law.

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Q50

how long was richard nixon a president

Richard Nixon

He and his wife, Pat Nixon , moved to Washington to work for the federal government in 1942.

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Q50

how long was richard nixon a president

Richard Nixon

He subsequently served in the United States Navy during World War II .

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Q50

how long was richard nixon a president

Richard Nixon

Nixon was elected in California to the House of Representatives in 1946 and to the Senate in 1950 .

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Q50

how long was richard nixon a president

Richard Nixon

His pursuit of the Alger Hiss case established his reputation as a leading anti-communist , and elevated him to national prominence.

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Q50

how long was richard nixon a president

Richard Nixon

He was the running mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower , the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 1952 election .

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Q50

how long was richard nixon a president

Richard Nixon

Nixon served for eight years as vice president.

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