before_sent
stringlengths
13
1.44k
before_sent_with_intent
stringlengths
25
1.45k
after_sent
stringlengths
0
1.41k
labels
stringclasses
6 values
doc_id
stringlengths
4
10
revision_depth
int64
1
4
Lala came on several comedy reality shows and gained popularity on television as well as movies in India.
<fluency> Lala came on several comedy reality shows and gained popularity on television as well as movies in India.
Lala came on several comedy reality shows and gained popularity on television , as well as movies in India.
fluency
5742250
1
Lala came on several comedy reality shows and gained popularity on television as well as movies in India.
<clarity> Lala came on several comedy reality shows and gained popularity on television as well as movies in India.
Lala came on several comedy reality shows and gained popularity on television as well as appearing in movies in Pakistan and India.
clarity
5742250
1
Filmography Year Title Role Place 1983 Manila K Jaanbaz Supporting Role Lollywood 1990 Hum Toh Chale Susraal Guy From America Lollywood 1993 Duniya Dil Walo Ki Saud's Friend Lollywood 2009 Runway Tulip Joshi's Friend Bollywood 2010 Bhavnao Ko Samjho Film Director Bollywood Television Lala has worked in various serials, commercials , television filmsand shows for almost three decades including:
<coherence> Filmography Year Title Role Place 1983 Manila K Jaanbaz Supporting Role Lollywood 1990 Hum Toh Chale Susraal Guy From America Lollywood 1993 Duniya Dil Walo Ki Saud's Friend Lollywood 2009 Runway Tulip Joshi's Friend Bollywood 2010 Bhavnao Ko Samjho Film Director Bollywood Television Lala has worked in various serials, commercials , television filmsand shows for almost three decades including:
In 2006, he was invited to appear in season two of The Great Indian Laughter Challenge, an Indian reality television show on channel Star One, which he won. He was awarded the title "Comedy Ka Shahenshah", becoming the first Pakistani to win the major Indian contest. He appeared alongside actress Bipasha Basu in the final episode. Filmography Year Title Role Place 1983 Manila K Jaanbaz Supporting Role Lollywood 1990 Hum Toh Chale Susraal Guy From America Lollywood 1993 Duniya Dil Walo Ki Saud's Friend Lollywood 2009 Runway Tulip Joshi's Friend Bollywood 2010 Bhavnao Ko Samjho Film Director Bollywood Television Lala has worked in various serials, commercials , television filmsand shows for almost three decades including:
coherence
5742250
1
Filmography Year Title Role Place 1983 Manila K Jaanbaz Supporting Role Lollywood 1990 Hum Toh Chale Susraal Guy From America Lollywood 1993 Duniya Dil Walo Ki Saud's Friend Lollywood 2009 Runway Tulip Joshi's Friend Bollywood 2010 Bhavnao Ko Samjho Film Director Bollywood Television Lala has worked in various serials, commercials , television filmsand shows for almost three decades including:
<clarity> Filmography Year Title Role Place 1983 Manila K Jaanbaz Supporting Role Lollywood 1990 Hum Toh Chale Susraal Guy From America Lollywood 1993 Duniya Dil Walo Ki Saud's Friend Lollywood 2009 Runway Tulip Joshi's Friend Bollywood 2010 Bhavnao Ko Samjho Film Director Bollywood Television Lala has worked in various serials, commercials , television filmsand shows for almost three decades including:
Filmography Year Title Role Place 1983 Manila K Jaanbaz Supporting Role Lollywood 1990 Hum Toh Chale Susraal Guy From America Lollywood 1993 Duniya Dil Walo Ki Saud's Friend Lollywood 2009 Runway Tulip Joshi's Friend Bollywood 2010 Bhavnao Ko Samjho Film Director Bollywood Television Lala has worked in various serials, commercials and television films, including:
clarity
5742250
1
Ek Raat Ek Kahani Funny Family Super Karara Comedy Kings Comedy Champions The Great Indian Family Drama In 2006, he was invited in an Indian reality show by channel Star One, to participate with other fellow Pakistani's and Indian actors. His special episode was when Bipasha Basu was there in the final episode of The Great Indian Laughter Challenge - Season 2 which he won and where he was awarded the title "Comedy Ka Shahenshah". He is the first Pakistani to win that major Indian contest. | |
<coherence> Ek Raat Ek Kahani Funny Family Super Karara Comedy Kings Comedy Champions The Great Indian Family Drama In 2006, he was invited in an Indian reality show by channel Star One, to participate with other fellow Pakistani's and Indian actors. His special episode was when Bipasha Basu was there in the final episode of The Great Indian Laughter Challenge - Season 2 which he won and where he was awarded the title "Comedy Ka Shahenshah". He is the first Pakistani to win that major Indian contest. | |
Ek Raat Ek Kahani Funny Family Super Karara Comedy Kings Comedy Champions The Great Indian Family Drama
coherence
5742250
1
Wissenschaft is the German language term for scholarship, research, higher education, and academia.
<clarity> Wissenschaft is the German language term for scholarship, research, higher education, and academia.
Wissenschaft is a German language term for scholarship, research, higher education, and academia.
clarity
5742518
2
Wissenschaft is the German language term for scholarship, research, higher education, and academia.
<clarity> Wissenschaft is the German language term for scholarship, research, higher education, and academia.
Wissenschaft is the German language term that embraces scholarship, research, higher education, and academia.
clarity
5742518
2
The word translates exactly into many other languages, e.g. vetenskap in Swedish or nauka in Polish, but there is no exact translation in modern English.
<meaning-changed> The word translates exactly into many other languages, e.g. vetenskap in Swedish or nauka in Polish, but there is no exact translation in modern English.
Wissenschaft translates exactly into many other languages, e.g. vetenskap in Swedish or nauka in Polish, but there is no exact translation in modern English.
meaning-changed
5742518
2
The common translation as "science " is misleading, because Wissenschaft equally includes humanities , and sciences and humanities are mutually exclusive categories in modern English.
<fluency> The common translation as "science " is misleading, because Wissenschaft equally includes humanities , and sciences and humanities are mutually exclusive categories in modern English.
The common translation to science is misleading, because Wissenschaft equally includes humanities , and sciences and humanities are mutually exclusive categories in modern English.
fluency
5742518
2
The common translation as "science " is misleading, because Wissenschaft equally includes humanities , and sciences and humanities are mutually exclusive categories in modern English.
<meaning-changed> The common translation as "science " is misleading, because Wissenschaft equally includes humanities , and sciences and humanities are mutually exclusive categories in modern English.
The common translation as "science " is misleading, because Wissenschaft equally includes humanities (Geisteswissenschaft) , and sciences and humanities are mutually exclusive categories in modern English.
meaning-changed
5742518
2
Wissenschaft includes humanities like art or religion at the same level as sciences like chemistry or psychology.
<meaning-changed> Wissenschaft includes humanities like art or religion at the same level as sciences like chemistry or psychology.
Wissenschaft includes humanities like history, anthropology, or arts (study of literature, visual arts, or music) at the same level as sciences like chemistry or psychology.
meaning-changed
5742518
2
History Before Immanuel Kant published his Critique of Judgment in 1790, the "schöne Wissenschaft" (roughly, "fine sciences") were highly regarded.
<clarity> History Before Immanuel Kant published his Critique of Judgment in 1790, the "schöne Wissenschaft" (roughly, "fine sciences") were highly regarded.
History Before Immanuel Kant published his Critique of Judgment in 1790, "schöne Wissenschaft" (roughly, "fine sciences") were highly regarded.
clarity
5742518
2
History Before Immanuel Kant published his Critique of Judgment in 1790, the "schöne Wissenschaft" (roughly, "fine sciences") were highly regarded.
<clarity> History Before Immanuel Kant published his Critique of Judgment in 1790, the "schöne Wissenschaft" (roughly, "fine sciences") were highly regarded.
History Before Immanuel Kant published his Critique of Judgment in 1790, the "schöne Wissenschaft" was highly regarded.
clarity
5742518
2
The " schöne Wissenschaft" included poetry, rhetoric, and other subjects that were meant to promote an understanding of truth, beauty, and goodness.
<coherence> The " schöne Wissenschaft" included poetry, rhetoric, and other subjects that were meant to promote an understanding of truth, beauty, and goodness.
" schöne Wissenschaft" included poetry, rhetoric, and other subjects that were meant to promote an understanding of truth, beauty, and goodness.
coherence
5742518
2
The " schöne Wissenschaft" included poetry, rhetoric, and other subjects that were meant to promote an understanding of truth, beauty, and goodness.
<fluency> The " schöne Wissenschaft" included poetry, rhetoric, and other subjects that were meant to promote an understanding of truth, beauty, and goodness.
The " Schöne Wissenschaft" included poetry, rhetoric, and other subjects that were meant to promote an understanding of truth, beauty, and goodness.
fluency
5742518
2
The day is known to increase awareness of the factors and issues that affect older adults, such as age deterioration and the study of problems that affect their lives, elder abuse.
<clarity> The day is known to increase awareness of the factors and issues that affect older adults, such as age deterioration and the study of problems that affect their lives, elder abuse.
The day is intended to increase awareness of the factors and issues that affect older adults, such as age deterioration and the study of problems that affect their lives, elder abuse.
clarity
58229645
1
The day is known to increase awareness of the factors and issues that affect older adults, such as age deterioration and the study of problems that affect their lives, elder abuse.
<clarity> The day is known to increase awareness of the factors and issues that affect older adults, such as age deterioration and the study of problems that affect their lives, elder abuse.
The day is known to increase awareness of the factors and issues that affect older adults, such as health deterioration and elder abuse.
clarity
58229645
1
The day is also recognized for the well-being of the elderly to recognize and appreciate their accomplishments and their participation in society in order to promote through their skills and knowledge.
<clarity> The day is also recognized for the well-being of the elderly to recognize and appreciate their accomplishments and their participation in society in order to promote through their skills and knowledge.
The day is also recognized for the well-being of the elderly to recognize and appreciate their accomplishments and their participation in society in order to promote their skills and knowledge.
clarity
58229645
1
They sacrifice their entire lives to nurture their relationships. Such a selfless service that his whole life has received from his family deserves something important. That's why National Senior Citizens' Day is celebrated. When they dedicate a special day of the year to the elderly, they give their families the opportunity to see their love and commitment.
<coherence> They sacrifice their entire lives to nurture their relationships. Such a selfless service that his whole life has received from his family deserves something important. That's why National Senior Citizens' Day is celebrated. When they dedicate a special day of the year to the elderly, they give their families the opportunity to see their love and commitment.
By dedicating a special day of the year to the elderly, they give their families the opportunity to see their love and commitment.
coherence
58229645
1
National Senior Citizens' Day is an important moment to remind the government of its commitment to work towards goals, to help seniors and, among other things, to end hunger and poverty for the elderly and people of all ages.
<fluency> National Senior Citizens' Day is an important moment to remind the government of its commitment to work towards goals, to help seniors and, among other things, to end hunger and poverty for the elderly and people of all ages.
National Senior Citizens' Day is an important moment to remind governments of their commitment to work towards goals, to help seniors and, among other things, to end hunger and poverty for the elderly and people of all ages.
fluency
58229645
1
Focus of celebrations by year Event logo on a digital screen in Riga Each year of the anniversary has a keyword in recognition of events that took place 100 years ago, which were significant to the foundation of the country.
<meaning-changed> Focus of celebrations by year Event logo on a digital screen in Riga Each year of the anniversary has a keyword in recognition of events that took place 100 years ago, which were significant to the foundation of the country.
Focus of celebrations by year Event logo on a digital screen in Riga on Brvbas iela Each year of the anniversary has a keyword in recognition of events that took place 100 years ago, which were significant to the foundation of the country.
meaning-changed
59117588
1
Dignitaries laying wreaths at the Freedom Monument on 18 November 2018 As per events on its actual centennial anniversary on 18 November 2018, many high-level government officials, dignitaries, military leaders, and public figures laid wreaths and flowers at the Freedom Monument in the capital.
<fluency> Dignitaries laying wreaths at the Freedom Monument on 18 November 2018 As per events on its actual centennial anniversary on 18 November 2018, many high-level government officials, dignitaries, military leaders, and public figures laid wreaths and flowers at the Freedom Monument in the capital.
Dignitaries laying wreaths at the Freedom Monument on 18 November 2018 As per the events on its actual centennial anniversary on 18 November 2018, many high-level government officials, dignitaries, military leaders, and public figures laid wreaths and flowers at the Freedom Monument in the capital.
fluency
59117588
1
Military Parade The Italian Bersaglieri marching in the military parade .
<fluency> Military Parade The Italian Bersaglieri marching in the military parade .
Military Parade The Italian Bersaglieri marching in the military parade
fluency
59117588
1
The annual military parade along the 11. novembra krastmala (November 11th Embankment) in Riga marked the centennial anniversary' s main events .
<clarity> The annual military parade along the 11. novembra krastmala (November 11th Embankment) in Riga marked the centennial anniversary' s main events .
The annual military parade along the 11. novembra krastmala (November 11th Embankment) in Riga marked one of the main events of the centennial anniversary' s main events .
clarity
59117588
1
The annual military parade along the 11. novembra krastmala (November 11th Embankment) in Riga marked the centennial anniversary' s main events .
<clarity> The annual military parade along the 11. novembra krastmala (November 11th Embankment) in Riga marked the centennial anniversary' s main events .
The annual military parade along the 11. novembra krastmala (November 11th Embankment) in Riga marked the centennial anniversary' .
clarity
59117588
1
It was the largest in history with around 1,700 soldiers from the Latvian National Armed Forces participating in the march past.
<clarity> It was the largest in history with around 1,700 soldiers from the Latvian National Armed Forces participating in the march past.
It was the largest military parade in Latvian history with around 1,700 soldiers from the Latvian National Armed Forces participating in the march past.
clarity
59117588
1
26th Latvian Song and Dance Festival closing concert "On the Starry Path" . Latvian Song and Dance Festival
<fluency> 26th Latvian Song and Dance Festival closing concert "On the Starry Path" . Latvian Song and Dance Festival
26th Latvian Song and Dance Festival closing concert "On the Starry Path" Latvian Song and Dance Festival
fluency
59117588
1
To some degree the term 'Iron Age' is misapplied, as little evidence exists for any indigenous iron-work outside the finds at Muwailah , themselves thought to be imports, and even the extensive evidence of smelting throughout the Iron Age found at Saruq Al Hadid is dominated by copper and tin production.
<fluency> To some degree the term 'Iron Age' is misapplied, as little evidence exists for any indigenous iron-work outside the finds at Muwailah , themselves thought to be imports, and even the extensive evidence of smelting throughout the Iron Age found at Saruq Al Hadid is dominated by copper and tin production.
To some degree the term 'Iron Age' is misapplied, as little evidence exists for any indigenous iron-work outside the finds at Muweilah , themselves thought to be imports, and even the extensive evidence of smelting throughout the Iron Age found at Saruq Al Hadid is dominated by copper and tin production.
fluency
59170248
1
Extensive evidence of Iron Age II settlement has been found throughout the UAE, particularly at Muwailah, Al Thuqeibah, Bidaa bint Saud, as well as Rumailah and Qattara in Al Ain.
<clarity> Extensive evidence of Iron Age II settlement has been found throughout the UAE, particularly at Muwailah, Al Thuqeibah, Bidaa bint Saud, as well as Rumailah and Qattara in Al Ain.
Extensive evidence of Iron Age II settlement has been found throughout the UAE, particularly at Muweilah, Thuqeibah, Bidaa bint Saud, as well as Rumailah and Qattara in Al Ain.
clarity
59170248
1
Iron age aflaj Recent finds of pottery in Thuqeibah and Madam have further linked the development of early aflaj ( or qanat ) water systems there to an Iron Age II date, further substantiating the attribution of the innovation of these water systems to a southeastern Arabian origin based on the extensive archaeological work of Dr Wasim Takriti around the area of Al Ain.
<coherence> Iron age aflaj Recent finds of pottery in Thuqeibah and Madam have further linked the development of early aflaj ( or qanat ) water systems there to an Iron Age II date, further substantiating the attribution of the innovation of these water systems to a southeastern Arabian origin based on the extensive archaeological work of Dr Wasim Takriti around the area of Al Ain.
Iron age aflaj Recent finds of pottery in Thuqeibah and Madam have further linked the development of early aflaj ( plural for falaj, the word used to denote waterways of this type in the United Arab Emirates ) water systems there to an Iron Age II date, further substantiating the attribution of the innovation of these water systems to a southeastern Arabian origin based on the extensive archaeological work of Dr Wasim Takriti around the area of Al Ain.
coherence
59170248
1
He notes academics such as JC Wilkinson (1977) adopting an Iranian origin for the technology under the influence of Sargon's annals and Polybius, but points out at least seven Iron Age aflaj (plural for falaj, the word used to denote waterways of this type in the United Arab Emirates) recently discovered in the Al Ain area of the UAE have been reliably carbon dated back to the beginning of the first millennium BCE.
<coherence> He notes academics such as JC Wilkinson (1977) adopting an Iranian origin for the technology under the influence of Sargon's annals and Polybius, but points out at least seven Iron Age aflaj (plural for falaj, the word used to denote waterways of this type in the United Arab Emirates) recently discovered in the Al Ain area of the UAE have been reliably carbon dated back to the beginning of the first millennium BCE.
He notes academics such as JC Wilkinson (1977) adopting an Iranian origin for the technology under the influence of Sargon's annals and Polybius, but points out at least seven Iron Age aflaj recently discovered in the Al Ain area of the UAE have been reliably carbon dated back to the beginning of the first millennium BCE.
coherence
59170248
1
In 2016, Rmy Boucharlat in his paper Qant and Falaj: Polycentric and Multi-Period Innovations Iran and the United Arab Emirates as Case Studies, asserted that the attribution of the technology to Iranians in the early first millennium BCE is a position that cannot longer be maintained . He asserts that the carbon dating of alfaj in Oman and the UAE to the ninth century BCE by Cleuziou and evidence for such an early date provided by Tikriti are definitive.
<coherence> In 2016, Rmy Boucharlat in his paper Qant and Falaj: Polycentric and Multi-Period Innovations Iran and the United Arab Emirates as Case Studies, asserted that the attribution of the technology to Iranians in the early first millennium BCE is a position that cannot longer be maintained . He asserts that the carbon dating of alfaj in Oman and the UAE to the ninth century BCE by Cleuziou and evidence for such an early date provided by Tikriti are definitive.
In 2016, Rmy Boucharlat in his paper Qant and Falaj: Polycentric and Multi-Period Innovations Iran and the United Arab Emirates as Case Studies, asserted that the attribution of the technology to Iranians in the early first millennium BCE is a position that cannot longer be maintained , and that the carbon dating of alfaj in Oman and the UAE to the ninth century BCE by Cleuziou and evidence for such an early date provided by Tikriti are definitive.
coherence
59170248
1
He asserts that the carbon dating of alfaj in Oman and the UAE to the ninth century BCE by Cleuziou and evidence for such an early date provided by Tikriti are definitive.
<fluency> He asserts that the carbon dating of alfaj in Oman and the UAE to the ninth century BCE by Cleuziou and evidence for such an early date provided by Tikriti are definitive.
He asserts that the carbon dating of aflaj in Oman and the UAE to the ninth century BCE by Cleuziou and evidence for such an early date provided by Tikriti are definitive.
fluency
59170248
1
However, Macedonian coinage unearthed at Ed-Dur dates back to Alexander the Great and contemporary Greek manuscripts have given the exports from Ed-Dur as 'pearls, purple dye, clothing, wine, gold and slaves, and a great quantity of dates'.
<coherence> However, Macedonian coinage unearthed at Ed-Dur dates back to Alexander the Great and contemporary Greek manuscripts have given the exports from Ed-Dur as 'pearls, purple dye, clothing, wine, gold and slaves, and a great quantity of dates'.
However, Macedonian coinage unearthed at Ed-Dur dates back to Alexander the Great . Contemporary Greek manuscripts have given the exports from Ed-Dur as 'pearls, purple dye, clothing, wine, gold and slaves, and a great quantity of dates'.
coherence
59170248
1
He fought in the battle in Singapore in 1942.
<fluency> He fought in the battle in Singapore in 1942.
He fought in the Battle of Singapore in 1942.
fluency
60043236
1
Army Life and Struggle Operation Easy.
<others> Army Life and Struggle Operation Easy.
Army career Operation Easy.
others
60043236
1
Poonch link-up 1 November 1948 - 26 November 1948 As a young officer, Brig Pritam Singh fought the battle of Singapore in 1942 and he wounded badly.
<coherence> Poonch link-up 1 November 1948 - 26 November 1948 As a young officer, Brig Pritam Singh fought the battle of Singapore in 1942 and he wounded badly.
Poonch link-up 1 November 1948 - 26 November 1948 As a young officer, Pritam Singh fought the battle of Singapore in 1942 and he wounded badly.
coherence
60043236
1
Poonch link-up 1 November 1948 - 26 November 1948 As a young officer, Brig Pritam Singh fought the battle of Singapore in 1942 and he wounded badly.
<others> Poonch link-up 1 November 1948 - 26 November 1948 As a young officer, Brig Pritam Singh fought the battle of Singapore in 1942 and he wounded badly.
Poonch link-up 1 November 1948 - 26 November 1948 As a young officer, Brig Pritam Singh fought in the battle of Singapore in 1942 and he wounded badly.
others
60043236
1
Poonch link-up 1 November 1948 - 26 November 1948 As a young officer, Brig Pritam Singh fought the battle of Singapore in 1942 and he wounded badly.
<fluency> Poonch link-up 1 November 1948 - 26 November 1948 As a young officer, Brig Pritam Singh fought the battle of Singapore in 1942 and he wounded badly.
Poonch link-up 1 November 1948 - 26 November 1948 As a young officer, Brig Pritam Singh fought the battle of Singapore in 1942 and was wounded badly.
fluency
60043236
1
Opponent Army prisoned Pritam Singh. Somehow he escaped from the prison of the army campand after, six months he reached , Manipur, India.
<coherence> Opponent Army prisoned Pritam Singh. Somehow he escaped from the prison of the army campand after, six months he reached , Manipur, India.
He was imprisoned by the enemy, but escaped from the prison of the army campand after, six months he reached , Manipur, India.
coherence
60043236
1
Somehow he escaped from the prison of the army campand after, six months he reached , Manipur, India.
<others> Somehow he escaped from the prison of the army campand after, six months he reached , Manipur, India.
Somehow he escaped from the army camp, and after six months reached Manipur, India.
others
60043236
1
Later, he was awarded the coveted Military Cross for his great show of bravery.
<clarity> Later, he was awarded the coveted Military Cross for his great show of bravery.
Later, he was awarded the coveted Military Cross for his bravery.
clarity
60043236
1
Poonch withstood a siege by the Pakistanis from November 1947 till relieved by an Indian offensive, Operation Easy on 20 November 1948.
<clarity> Poonch withstood a siege by the Pakistanis from November 1947 till relieved by an Indian offensive, Operation Easy on 20 November 1948.
Poonch withstood a siege by the Pakistan Army from November 1947 till relieved by an Indian offensive, Operation Easy on 20 November 1948.
clarity
60043236
1
The besieged garrison , commanded by Brig. Pritam Singh , was maintained by air supply.
<clarity> The besieged garrison , commanded by Brig. Pritam Singh , was maintained by air supply.
The besieged garrison Singh commanded was maintained by air supply.
clarity
60043236
1
In 1951, he faced a court-martial.
<clarity> In 1951, he faced a court-martial.
In 1951, Singh faced a court-martial.
clarity
60043236
1
Time perception is usually categorized under the following three distinct ranges, because different ranges of durations are processed in different parts of the brain .
<clarity> Time perception is usually categorized under the following three distinct ranges, because different ranges of durations are processed in different parts of the brain .
Time perception is typically categorized in three distinct ranges, because different ranges of durations are processed in different parts of the brain .
clarity
6069126
1
Time perception is usually categorized under the following three distinct ranges, because different ranges of durations are processed in different parts of the brain .
<fluency> Time perception is usually categorized under the following three distinct ranges, because different ranges of durations are processed in different parts of the brain .
Time perception is usually categorized under the following three distinct ranges, because different ranges of duration are processed in different parts of the brain .
fluency
6069126
1
Time perception is usually categorized under the following three distinct ranges, because different ranges of durations are processed in different parts of the brain .
<clarity> Time perception is usually categorized under the following three distinct ranges, because different ranges of durations are processed in different parts of the brain .
Time perception is usually categorized under the following three distinct ranges, because different ranges of durations are processed in different areas of the brain .
clarity
6069126
1
Time perception is usually categorized under the following three distinct ranges, because different ranges of durations are processed in different parts of the brain .
<others> Time perception is usually categorized under the following three distinct ranges, because different ranges of durations are processed in different parts of the brain .
Time perception is usually categorized under the following three distinct ranges, because different ranges of durations are processed in different parts of the brain :
others
6069126
1
William J. Friedman (1993) contrasted two theories for a sense of time: Another theory involves the brain's subconscious tallying of "pulses" during a specific interval, forming a biological stopwatch.
<fluency> William J. Friedman (1993) contrasted two theories for a sense of time: Another theory involves the brain's subconscious tallying of "pulses" during a specific interval, forming a biological stopwatch.
William J. Friedman (1993) contrasted two theories of the sense of time: Another theory involves the brain's subconscious tallying of "pulses" during a specific interval, forming a biological stopwatch.
fluency
6069126
1
William J. Friedman (1993) contrasted two theories for a sense of time: Another theory involves the brain's subconscious tallying of "pulses" during a specific interval, forming a biological stopwatch.
<clarity> William J. Friedman (1993) contrasted two theories for a sense of time: Another theory involves the brain's subconscious tallying of "pulses" during a specific interval, forming a biological stopwatch.
William J. Friedman (1993) contrasted two theories for a sense of time: Another hypothesis involves the brain's subconscious tallying of "pulses" during a specific interval, forming a biological stopwatch.
clarity
6069126
1
This theory proposes that the brain can run multiple biological stopwatches at one time depending on the type of task one is involved in.
<meaning-changed> This theory proposes that the brain can run multiple biological stopwatches at one time depending on the type of task one is involved in.
This theory proposes that the brain can run multiple biological stopwatches independently depending on the type of task one is involved in.
meaning-changed
6069126
1
This theory proposes that the brain can run multiple biological stopwatches at one time depending on the type of task one is involved in. The location of these pulses and what these pulses actually consist of is unclear.
<clarity> This theory proposes that the brain can run multiple biological stopwatches at one time depending on the type of task one is involved in. The location of these pulses and what these pulses actually consist of is unclear.
This theory proposes that the brain can run multiple biological stopwatches at one time depending on the type of tasks being tracked. The source and nature of the pulses is unclear.
clarity
6069126
1
This model is only a metaphor and does not stand up in terms of brain physiology or anatomy .
<clarity> This model is only a metaphor and does not stand up in terms of brain physiology or anatomy .
They are as yet a metaphor whose correspondence to brain anatomy or physiology is unknown .
clarity
6069126
1
The imperial system would be constituted by the time of the establishment of the Qin, as well as the system of three lords and nine ministers, and the system of prefectures and counties.
<clarity> The imperial system would be constituted by the time of the establishment of the Qin, as well as the system of three lords and nine ministers, and the system of prefectures and counties.
The imperial system would eventually be constituted by the time of the establishment of the Qin, as well as the system of three lords and nine ministers, and the system of prefectures and counties.
clarity
60834637
1
The imperial system would be constituted by the time of the establishment of the Qin, as well as the system of three lords and nine ministers, and the system of prefectures and counties.
<coherence> The imperial system would be constituted by the time of the establishment of the Qin, as well as the system of three lords and nine ministers, and the system of prefectures and counties.
The imperial system would be constituted by the time of the establishment of the Qin, which would introduce the system of three lords and nine ministers, and the system of prefectures and counties.
coherence
60834637
1
The imperial system would be constituted by the time of the establishment of the Qin, as well as the system of three lords and nine ministers, and the system of prefectures and counties.
<fluency> The imperial system would be constituted by the time of the establishment of the Qin, as well as the system of three lords and nine ministers, and the system of prefectures and counties.
The imperial system would be constituted by the time of the establishment of the Qin, as well as the system of Three Lords and Nine Ministers, and foster the system of prefectures and counties.
fluency
60834637
1
Weights, measures, currency, and writing were unified.
<clarity> Weights, measures, currency, and writing were unified.
Units of measurements, currency, and writing were unified.
clarity
60834637
1
Weights, measures, currency, and writing were unified. Books and scholars were burned and buried as the ideological control strengthened .
<style> Weights, measures, currency, and writing were unified. Books and scholars were burned and buried as the ideological control strengthened .
Weights, measures, currency, and writing would be standardized and books and scholars of the previous regime were burned and buried as the ideological control strengthened .
style
60834637
1
Books and scholars were burned and buried as the ideological control strengthened .
<style> Books and scholars were burned and buried as the ideological control strengthened .
Books and scholars were burned and buried ; vital to ideological integrity .
style
60834637
1
Officials were to act as teachers of the law .
<coherence> Officials were to act as teachers of the law .
Officials were then to act as teachers of the law .
coherence
60834637
1
Officials were to act as teachers of the law .
<style> Officials were to act as teachers of the law .
Officials were to act as faculties of the law .
style
60834637
1
Officials were to act as teachers of the law .
<meaning-changed> Officials were to act as teachers of the law .
Officials were to act as teachers of the law from this point forward .
meaning-changed
60834637
1
Evolution of the system of selecting officials Imperial examination paper of Ming dynasty in 1598 AD The emperor receives a candidate during the Palace Examination.
<clarity> Evolution of the system of selecting officials Imperial examination paper of Ming dynasty in 1598 AD The emperor receives a candidate during the Palace Examination.
Evolution of Official Selection Imperial examination paper of Ming dynasty in 1598 AD The emperor receives a candidate during the Palace Examination.
clarity
60834637
2
The selection of official standards by family background gradually developed to the selection of talent , while the selection method by selection gradually developed to the form of public examination.
<clarity> The selection of official standards by family background gradually developed to the selection of talent , while the selection method by selection gradually developed to the form of public examination.
The standard of Official Selection by familial history gradually developed to the selection of talent , while the selection method by selection gradually developed to the form of public examination.
clarity
60834637
2
The selection of official standards by family background gradually developed to the selection of talent , while the selection method by selection gradually developed to the form of public examination. The selecting mechanism based on talent later became institutionalised and much more rigorous . + Examination and degree hierarchy Degree Ranks Exam Times held Child student (Tongsheng)
<clarity> The selection of official standards by family background gradually developed to the selection of talent , while the selection method by selection gradually developed to the form of public examination. The selecting mechanism based on talent later became institutionalised and much more rigorous . + Examination and degree hierarchy Degree Ranks Exam Times held Child student (Tongsheng)
The selection of official standards by family background gradually developed to emphasize talent instead. This method would eventually progress to form the standard of public examinations, to which this mechanism of cultivating talent would be institutionalized, making examinations a notoriously rigorous process to accomplish . + Examination and degree hierarchy Degree Ranks Exam Times held Child student (Tongsheng)
clarity
60834637
2
He is known for using his position as a marja for political use in the Persian Constitutional Revolution (19051911), where he was one of the main clerical supporters of the revolution.
<clarity> He is known for using his position as a marja for political use in the Persian Constitutional Revolution (19051911), where he was one of the main clerical supporters of the revolution.
He is known for using his position as a marja for a poignant political leadership in the Persian Constitutional Revolution (19051911), where he was one of the main clerical supporters of the revolution.
clarity
6327601
1
He believed that "constitutional form of government" would be the best possible choice in the absence of Imam and regarded the "Persian revolution" a Jihad ("holy war") in which all Muslims had to participate.
<meaning-changed> He believed that "constitutional form of government" would be the best possible choice in the absence of Imam and regarded the "Persian revolution" a Jihad ("holy war") in which all Muslims had to participate.
He believed that "constitutional form of government" would be the best possible choice in the absence of Imam and regarded the constitutional revolution" a Jihad ("holy war") in which all Muslims had to participate.
meaning-changed
6327601
1
He died "suddenly" and "mysteriously", when he aimed to leave Iraq for Iran in order against support constitutionalists' resistance to the Anglo-Russian invasion in 1911.
<fluency> He died "suddenly" and "mysteriously", when he aimed to leave Iraq for Iran in order against support constitutionalists' resistance to the Anglo-Russian invasion in 1911.
He died "suddenly" and "mysteriously", when he aimed to leave Iraq for Iran in order to support constitutionalists' resistance to the Anglo-Russian invasion in 1911.
fluency
6327601
1
Consisting of multiple layers of haze, its atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen (N2) with trace amount of methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO).
<clarity> Consisting of multiple layers of haze, its atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen (N2) with trace amount of methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO).
Containing multiple layers of haze, its atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen (N2) with trace amount of methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO).
clarity
63624111
1
Long-term climate cycles of planetary bodies (e.g., Earth) are associated with the obliquity variation of the parent body, orbital eccentricitycycle, and axial precession cycles .
<style> Long-term climate cycles of planetary bodies (e.g., Earth) are associated with the obliquity variation of the parent body, orbital eccentricitycycle, and axial precession cycles .
Long-term climate cycles of planetary bodies (e.g., Earth) are associated with axial precession and variations in the obliquity and orbital eccentricity .
style
63624111
1
However, in the case of Pluto, the orbital eccentricity cycle and axial precession cycles have less influence in the climate cycles of the dwarf planet than the obliquity variation.
<clarity> However, in the case of Pluto, the orbital eccentricity cycle and axial precession cycles have less influence in the climate cycles of the dwarf planet than the obliquity variation.
However, in the case of Pluto, the orbital eccentricity and axial precession cycles have less influence in the climate cycles of the dwarf planet than the obliquity variation.
clarity
63624111
1
However, in the case of Pluto, the orbital eccentricity cycle and axial precession cycles have less influence in the climate cycles of the dwarf planet than the obliquity variation.
<fluency> However, in the case of Pluto, the orbital eccentricity cycle and axial precession cycles have less influence in the climate cycles of the dwarf planet than the obliquity variation.
However, in the case of Pluto, the orbital eccentricity cycle and axial precession cycles have less influence on the climate cycles of the dwarf planet than the obliquity variation.
fluency
63624111
1
Only the latitude range between 37 to 57 in each hemisphere remains stable over the period, and therefore, those bands are called the permanent tropical arctic zones on Pluto (which covers 20\% of the total area).
<meaning-changed> Only the latitude range between 37 to 57 in each hemisphere remains stable over the period, and therefore, those bands are called the permanent tropical arctic zones on Pluto (which covers 20\% of the total area).
Only the latitude range between 37 to 53 in each hemisphere remains stable over the period, and therefore, those bands are called the permanent tropical arctic zones on Pluto (which covers 20\% of the total area).
meaning-changed
63624111
2
The regions between 77 to 90 latitudes of each hemisphere are called the permanent range of the polar climate zone .
<clarity> The regions between 77 to 90 latitudes of each hemisphere are called the permanent range of the polar climate zone .
The regions between 77 to 90 latitudes of each hemisphere are called the permanent polar climate zones .
clarity
63624111
2
However, the maximum extent of the polar zone can spans up to from 53N to 90N and from 53S to 90S with an area total of 20\% of the body.
<clarity> However, the maximum extent of the polar zone can spans up to from 53N to 90N and from 53S to 90S with an area total of 20\% of the body.
However, the maximum extent of the polar zones can span from 53N to 90N and from 53S to 90S with an area total of 20\% of the body.
clarity
63624111
2
In 2011, Mercado accepted an offer to complete a PhD on Criminology at the Philippine College of Criminology , with his brother Marlon Lim .
<clarity> In 2011, Mercado accepted an offer to complete a PhD on Criminology at the Philippine College of Criminology , with his brother Marlon Lim .
In 2011, Mercado accepted an offer to complete a PhD on Criminology at the Philippine College of Criminology .
clarity
63712897
1
Career Polytechnic University of the Philippines ( 2005present ) In 2004, Mercado first sat as the Acting Director of PUP Ragay.
<meaning-changed> Career Polytechnic University of the Philippines ( 2005present ) In 2004, Mercado first sat as the Acting Director of PUP Ragay.
Career Polytechnic University of the Philippines ( 20052018 ) In 2004, Mercado first sat as the Acting Director of PUP Ragay.
meaning-changed
63712897
1
However, he still serves as a faculty member and professor in College of Science and teaches basic statistics, quantitative business analysis, management science statistics and other higher statistics subjects.
<coherence> However, he still serves as a faculty member and professor in College of Science and teaches basic statistics, quantitative business analysis, management science statistics and other higher statistics subjects.
He still serves as a faculty member and professor in College of Science and teaches basic statistics, quantitative business analysis, management science statistics and other higher statistics subjects.
coherence
63712897
1
However, he still serves as a faculty member and professor in College of Science and teaches basic statistics, quantitative business analysis, management science statistics and other higher statistics subjects. He also manages several working groups and committees such as the Federasyon ng mga Alumni Associations sa PUP, Inc (FEDAAPI), Unyon ng mga guro sa PUP, etc .
<clarity> However, he still serves as a faculty member and professor in College of Science and teaches basic statistics, quantitative business analysis, management science statistics and other higher statistics subjects. He also manages several working groups and committees such as the Federasyon ng mga Alumni Associations sa PUP, Inc (FEDAAPI), Unyon ng mga guro sa PUP, etc .
However, he still serves as an expert to the university, specializing in Applied Statistics .
clarity
63712897
1
Campaign against Armenia Till the summer of 34 BCE Antony waited in Alexandria till he made his attack in early September.
<clarity> Campaign against Armenia Till the summer of 34 BCE Antony waited in Alexandria till he made his attack in early September.
Campaign Until the summer of 34 BCE Antony waited in Alexandria till he made his attack in early September.
clarity
63849334
1
Campaign against Armenia Till the summer of 34 BCE Antony waited in Alexandria till he made his attack in early September.
<fluency> Campaign against Armenia Till the summer of 34 BCE Antony waited in Alexandria till he made his attack in early September.
Campaign against Armenia Till the summer of 34 BCE , Antony waited in Alexandria till he made his attack in early September.
fluency
63849334
1
Campaign against Armenia Till the summer of 34 BCE Antony waited in Alexandria till he made his attack in early September.
<clarity> Campaign against Armenia Till the summer of 34 BCE Antony waited in Alexandria till he made his attack in early September.
Campaign against Armenia Till the summer of 34 BCE Antony waited in Alexandria , and he made his attack in early September.
clarity
63849334
1
On September 18th Antonys troops entered the capital and captured Artavasdes II . He was then brought to Alexandria and was kept imprisoned by Cleoptatra till he was executed in 31 BCE.
<fluency> On September 18th Antonys troops entered the capital and captured Artavasdes II . He was then brought to Alexandria and was kept imprisoned by Cleoptatra till he was executed in 31 BCE.
On September 18, Antony's troops entered the capital and captured Artavasdes II . He was then brought to Alexandria and was kept imprisoned by Cleoptatra till he was executed in 31 BCE.
fluency
63849334
1
On September 18th Antonys troops entered the capital and captured Artavasdes II . He was then brought to Alexandria and was kept imprisoned by Cleoptatra till he was executed in 31 BCE.
<coherence> On September 18th Antonys troops entered the capital and captured Artavasdes II . He was then brought to Alexandria and was kept imprisoned by Cleoptatra till he was executed in 31 BCE.
On September 18th Antonys troops entered the capital and captured Artavasdes II , who was then brought to Alexandria and was kept imprisoned by Cleoptatra till he was executed in 31 BCE.
coherence
63849334
1
On September 18th Antonys troops entered the capital and captured Artavasdes II . He was then brought to Alexandria and was kept imprisoned by Cleoptatra till he was executed in 31 BCE.
<fluency> On September 18th Antonys troops entered the capital and captured Artavasdes II . He was then brought to Alexandria and was kept imprisoned by Cleoptatra till he was executed in 31 BCE.
On September 18th Antonys troops entered the capital and captured Artavasdes II . He was then brought to Alexandria and was kept imprisoned by Cleoptatra until he was executed in 31 BCE.
fluency
63849334
1
In 20 BCE Augustus negotiated a peace treaty between Rome and Parthia which led to Armenia becoming a buffer state between the two .
<fluency> In 20 BCE Augustus negotiated a peace treaty between Rome and Parthia which led to Armenia becoming a buffer state between the two .
In 20 BCE , Augustus negotiated a peace treaty between Rome and Parthia which led to Armenia becoming a buffer state between the two .
fluency
63849334
1
In 20 BCE Augustus negotiated a peace treaty between Rome and Parthia which led to Armenia becoming a buffer state between the two .
<fluency> In 20 BCE Augustus negotiated a peace treaty between Rome and Parthia which led to Armenia becoming a buffer state between the two .
In 20 BCE Augustus negotiated a peace treaty between Rome and Parthia , which led to Armenia becoming a buffer state between the two .
fluency
63849334
1
In 20 BCE Augustus negotiated a peace treaty between Rome and Parthia which led to Armenia becoming a buffer state between the two .
<clarity> In 20 BCE Augustus negotiated a peace treaty between Rome and Parthia which led to Armenia becoming a buffer state between the two .
In 20 BCE Augustus negotiated a peace treaty between Rome and Parthia which led to Armenia becoming a buffer state between them .
clarity
63849334
1
It was a short coat with half sleeves and fur collars, opened in front similar to Jama.
<clarity> It was a short coat with half sleeves and fur collars, opened in front similar to Jama.
It was a coat with short sleeves and fur collars, opened in front similar to Jama.
clarity
66550186
1
It was a short coat with half sleeves and fur collars, opened in front similar to Jama.
<meaning-changed> It was a short coat with half sleeves and fur collars, opened in front similar to Jama.
It was a short coat with half sleeves and fur collars, opened in front . The length was shorter than Jama.
meaning-changed
66550186
1
Farzi was essentially fastened with a decorated piece of cloth, i.e., Katzeb around the waist area with loosely hanging ends.
<clarity> Farzi was essentially fastened with a decorated piece of cloth, i.e., Katzeb around the waist area with loosely hanging ends.
Farzi was a winter's garment. Mughal emperors and courtiers were wearing it over the Jama, fastened with a decorated piece of cloth, i.e., Katzeb around the waist area with loosely hanging ends.
clarity
66550186
1
Farzi was a winter's garment. Mughal emperors and courtiers were wearing it. Farzi was one of the costumes given in Khilat ( awards to the Mughal nobles and other courtiers ) .
<coherence> Farzi was a winter's garment. Mughal emperors and courtiers were wearing it. Farzi was one of the costumes given in Khilat ( awards to the Mughal nobles and other courtiers ) .
Farzi was one of the costumes given in Khilat ( awards to the Mughal nobles and other courtiers ) .
coherence
66550186
1
Farzi was one of the costumes given in Khilat ( awards to the Mughal nobles and other courtiers ) .
<meaning-changed> Farzi was one of the costumes given in Khilat ( awards to the Mughal nobles and other courtiers ) .
Farzi was one of the costumes given in Khilat ( rewards of robes) to the Mughal nobles and other courtiers ) .
meaning-changed
66550186
1
Farzi was one of the costumes given in Khilat ( awards to the Mughal nobles and other courtiers ) .
<fluency> Farzi was one of the costumes given in Khilat ( awards to the Mughal nobles and other courtiers ) .
Farzi was one of the costumes given in Khilat ( awards to the Mughal nobles and other courtiers .
fluency
66550186
1
Abduljabbar Nasuru Kabara (born 7 February 1970) is an Islamic cleric and a scholar based in Kano, Nigeria.
<meaning-changed> Abduljabbar Nasuru Kabara (born 7 February 1970) is an Islamic cleric and a scholar based in Kano, Nigeria.
Abduljabbar Nasuru Kabara (born 7 February 1970) is a controversial Islamic cleric and a scholar based in Kano, Nigeria.
meaning-changed
66915446
1
He is the son of Nasuru Kabara, a formal Qadiriyya leader in Africa.
<meaning-changed> He is the son of Nasuru Kabara, a formal Qadiriyya leader in Africa.
Who was accused of blasphemy towards prophet Muhammad, He is the son of Nasuru Kabara, a formal Qadiriyya leader in Africa.
meaning-changed
66915446
1
He is the son of Nasuru Kabara, a formal Qadiriyya leader in Africa.
<fluency> He is the son of Nasuru Kabara, a formal Qadiriyya leader in Africa.
He is the son of Nasuru Kabara, the formal Qadiriyya leader in Africa.
fluency
66915446
1
He is the son of Nasuru Kabara, a formal Qadiriyya leader in Africa.
<meaning-changed> He is the son of Nasuru Kabara, a formal Qadiriyya leader in Africa.
He is the son of Nasuru Kabara, a formal Qadiriyya leader of West Africa.
meaning-changed
66915446
1
As a crew member, it is to be noticed that a Wiper may undergo a condition known as burnout syndrome .
<clarity> As a crew member, it is to be noticed that a Wiper may undergo a condition known as burnout syndrome .
A Wiper may undergo a condition known as burnout syndrome .
clarity
6704145
1