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UMBC SciFy Team 9

{ "contexts": [ "Drug approvals and patent protections are critical in drug lifecycle management (LCM) in order to maximize drug discovery investment returns.", "We analyzed drug LCM activities implemented by 10 top companies in Japan, focusing on drug approvals and patent term extensions." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS" ], "meshes": [] }

{ "contexts": [ "Many studies have shown that exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) could activate cellular signal transduction pathways. In the present research, we investigated the effects of exposure to a 1.8-GHz RFR at different intensities on epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor clustering and phosphorylation in human amniotic (FL) cells.", "Receptor clustering on cellular membrane surface was analyzed using immunofluorescence assessed by confocal microscopy, and phosphorylation of EGF receptors was measured by western blot technology. EGF treatment served as a positive control.", "The results showed that, compared with sham exposure, exposure to RFR at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 W/kg for 15 min significantly induced EGF receptor clustering and enhanced phosphorylation on the tyrosine-1173 residue in FL cells, whereas exposure to a SAR 0.1 W/kg radiation for 15 min did not cause a significant effect." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Amniotic Fluid", "Cell Membrane", "Cell Phone", "Cells, Cultured", "ErbB Receptors", "Humans", "Phosphorylation", "Protein Transport", "Radio Waves" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Penguins are flightless aquatic birds widely distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The distinctive morphological and physiological features of penguins allow them to live an aquatic life, and some of them have successfully adapted to the hostile environments in Antarctica. To study the phylogenetic and population history of penguins and the molecular basis of their adaptations to Antarctica, we sequenced the genomes of the two Antarctic dwelling penguin species, the Adélie penguin [Pygoscelis adeliae] and emperor penguin [Aptenodytes forsteri].", "Phylogenetic dating suggests that early penguins arose ~60 million years ago, coinciding with a period of global warming. Analysis of effective population sizes reveals that the two penguin species experienced population expansions from ~1 million years ago to ~100 thousand years ago, but responded differently to the climatic cooling of the last glacial period. Comparative genomic analyses with other available avian genomes identified molecular changes in genes related to epidermal structure, phototransduction, lipid metabolism, and forelimb morphology." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [] }

{ "contexts": [ "To present the clinical aspects and treatment outcomes of Coats disease in Saudi Arabia.", "A retrospective chart review was performed of 92 patients (97 eyes) diagnosed with Coats disease at King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital from 1983 to 2010.", "The most common presenting complaint was decreased visual acuity followed by strabismus and then leukocoria. Snellen visual acuity was 20/20 to 20/50 in 9 eyes (9%), 20/50 to 20/160 in 11 eyes (11%), 20/200-counting fingers in 29 eyes (30%), and hand motion to no light perception in 24 eyes (25%). Telangiectasia was located in the preequatorial area in 71 eyes (73%) and most commonly involved the temporal retina in 67 eyes (69%). In eyes with clear view to the fundus, quadrant involvement by telangiectasia had the following distribution: 1) quadrant (n = 36, 37%); 2) quadrants (n = 26, 27%); 3) quadrants (n = 8, 8%); and 4 quadrants (n = 15, 15%). Total retinal detachment was present at presentation in 28 eyes (29%) and neovascular glaucoma in 8 (8%). Based on the Shields classification, the eyes were Stage 1 (n = 1, 1%), Stage 2A (n = 7, 7%), Stage 2B (n = 23, 24%), Stage 3A1 (n = 26, 27%), Stage 3A2 (n = 12, 12%), Stage 3B (n = 16, 17%), Stage 4 (n = 11, 11%), and Stage 5 (n = 5, 1%). Stage 3A was the most commonly presented stage (39%). Primary management included cryotherapy (19%), laser photocoagulation (64%), intravitreal agents (9%), and surgical drainage (4%). Combination treatment was performed in 29% of eyes. Thirteen eyes (13%) were enucleated because of clinical suspicion of retinoblastoma or the presence of glaucoma. Factors that were associated with a poor visual outcome of 20/200 or worse included age less than 10 years (relative risk: 1.27), Stages 3 and 4 disease (relative risk: 1.40), presence of subretinal fluid in all 4 quadrants including the fovea (relative risk: 14.25), and initial visual acuity of 20/200 (relative risk: 6.72) or worse (P < 0.005 for all factors)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Aged", "Angiogenesis Inhibitors", "Child", "Child, Preschool", "Cryotherapy", "Eye Enucleation", "Female", "Glaucoma, Neovascular", "Humans", "Infant", "Laser Coagulation", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Retinal Detachment", "Retinal Telangiectasis", "Retrospective Studies", "Saudi Arabia", "Strabismus", "Treatment Outcome", "Vision Disorders", "Visual Acuity" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Medical emergency teams frequently implement do not resuscitate orders, but little is known about end-of-life care in this population.", "To examine resource utilization and end-of-life care following medical emergency team-implemented do not resuscitate orders.", "Retrospective review.", "Single, tertiary care center.", "Consecutive adult inpatients requiring a medical emergency team activation over 1 year.", "Changes to code status, time spent on medical emergency team activations, frequency of palliative care consultation, discharges with hospice care.", "None.", "We observed 1156 medical emergency team activations in 998 patients. Five percent (58/1156) resulted in do not resuscitate orders. The median time spent on activations with a change in code status was longer than activations without a change (66 vs 60 minutes, P = 0.05). Patients with a medical emergency team-implemented do not resuscitate order had a higher inpatient mortality (43 vs 27%, P = 0.04) and were less likely to be discharged with hospice at the end of life than patients with a preexisting do not resuscitate order (4 vs 29%, P = 0.01). There was no difference in palliative care consultation in patients with a preexisting do not resuscitate versus medical emergency team-implemented do not resuscitate order (20% vs 12%, P = 0.39)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Emergency Medical Services", "Female", "Health Resources", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Patient Care Team", "Resuscitation Orders", "Retrospective Studies", "Terminal Care", "Tertiary Care Centers", "United States" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "To examine postictal breathing pattern in generalized convulsive nonepileptic seizures (GCNES) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and evaluate this feature as a discriminating sign.", "We reviewed the postictal breathing pattern seizures in 23 generalized tonic-clonic seizures in 15 consecutive patients with epilepsy and 24 convulsive nonepileptic seizures in 16 consecutive patients with pure psychogenic seizures. We also analyzed 21 frontal lobe hypermotor seizures (FLHS) in 9 patients with frontal lobe epilepsy.", "The breathing after GTCS was deep with prolonged inspiratory and expiratory phases, regular, and loud (except for two short seizures). The breathing after GCNES was characterized by increased respiratory rate or hyperpnea with short inspiratory and expiratory phases, as can be noted after exercise. The breathing was often irregular, with brief pauses. The altered breathing lasted longer after GTCS. The two groups differed significantly in loudness of postictal respiration, postictal snoring (only with GTCS), respiratory rate (faster for the GCNES group), and duration of altered breathing (longer after GTCS) (p < 0.00001 for all features). FLHS shared postictal breathing features of GCNES, but had other distinguishing features." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted", "Diagnosis, Differential", "Electroencephalography", "Epilepsy", "Epilepsy, Generalized", "Female", "Humans", "Logistic Models", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Monitoring, Physiologic", "Odds Ratio", "Predictive Value of Tests", "Psychophysiologic Disorders", "Respiration", "Seizures", "Surveys and Questionnaires", "Videotape Recording" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The objective of this investigation was to determine if high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) used early in the treatment of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome was effective in reducing pulmonary morbidity without increasing the occurrence of adverse neurologic outcomes.", "A total of 73 premature infants who met the inclusion criteria (gestational age of less than 33 weeks, birth weight of more than 500 g, age of less than 24 hours, need for assisted ventilation with peak inspiratory pressure of more than 16 and FIO2 more than 0.30, and roentgenographic evidence of respiratory distress syndrome) were randomized to either conventional (n = 36) or to high-frequency jet (n = 37) ventilation. Our goals were to maintain the infants on the assigned ventilator for at least 7 days unless they could either be extubated or meet crossover criteria. Univariate analyses were initially used to compare the two groups. Stepwise logistic regression was subsequently used to assess whether various factors independently influenced adverse outcomes.", "The two groups of infants were similar in all obstetrical, perinatal, and neonatal demographic characteristics. The mean birth weight and gestational age in the conventional group were 930 g and 26.6 weeks and in the HFJV group, 961 g and 26.9 weeks. The infants were randomized at similar ages (7.1 and 7.3 hours of life, respectively). Their prerandomization ventilator settings and arterial blood gases were nearly identical. There were no differences in pulmonary outcomes (occurrence of air leaks, need for oxygen or ventilation at 36 weeks postconception), and there were no differences in the mean number of days oxygen was required, number of days ventilated, or length of hospital stay. Infants ventilated with HFJV were significantly more likely to develop cystic periventricular leukomalacia (10 vs 2, P = .022) or to have a poor outcome (grade IV hemorrhage, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, or death) (17 vs 7, P = .016). Logistic regression analysis revealed HFJV to be a significant independent predictor of both cystic periventricular leukomalacia and a poor outcome. The presence of hypocarbia was not an independently significant predictor of adverse outcomes." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Blood Pressure", "Cerebral Hemorrhage", "Female", "Gestational Age", "High-Frequency Ventilation", "Humans", "Infant, Newborn", "Infant, Premature", "Leukomalacia, Periventricular", "Male", "Outcome Assessment (Health Care)", "Positive-Pressure Respiration", "Prospective Studies", "Pulmonary Gas Exchange", "Respiration, Artificial", "Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn", "Risk" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "To investigate whether cluster headache (CH) was a risk factor for depression in a nationwide population-based follow-up study. Background There are few studies about the relationship between CH and depression, and prior research has been limited by cross-sectional studies or small sample sizes.", "We identified 673 CH patients from the Taiwan National Health Insurance database between 2005 and 2009. The two comparison cohorts included age-, sex- and Charlson's score-matched migraine patients (n = 2692) and controls (patients free from migraine or CH, n = 2692). The cumulative incidence of depression was compared among these three cohorts until the end of 2009. We also calculated predictors of depression in the CH cohort.", "After the median 2.5-year follow-up duration, the CH cohort had a greater risk for developing depression compared to the control cohort (adjusted hazard ratio; aHR = 5.6, 95% CI 3.0-10.6, p < 0.001) but not the migraine cohort (aHR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.7-1.7, p = 0.77). Of the CH patients, the number of cluster bout periods per year was a risk factor for depression (aHR = 3.8, 95% CI 2.6-5.4, p < 0.001)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Causality", "Cluster Headache", "Cohort Studies", "Depression", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Prevalence", "Risk Factors", "Taiwan" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Potential associations between current or previous C. trachomatis infections (general IgG and serovars) and spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) were examined and associations between C. trachomatis infections and previous fertility problems were explored.", "At week 17, Chlamydia antigen, Chlamydia IgG, Chlamydia complex B, C and GF levels were measured. Spontaneous preterm birth (< 37 completed weeks gestation) was the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes included infertility treatment, subfertility and ectopic pregnancies. Crude and adjusted relative risks (RR) and odds ratios (OR) were estimated by logistic regression.", "C. trachomatis C-complex positivity was associated with spontaneous PTB [RR 2.6 (1.1-6.29)] and additionally with a prior history of subfertility [OR 4.4 [2.5-7.7]), infertility treatment [OR 7.2 (4.0-12.8)] and ectopic pregnancy [5.2 (2.2-12.4)]." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Acute Disease", "Adolescent", "Adult", "Antibodies, Bacterial", "Antigens, Bacterial", "Chlamydia Infections", "Chlamydia trachomatis", "Female", "Humans", "Infertility, Female", "Pregnancy", "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious", "Pregnancy, Ectopic", "Premature Birth", "Risk Factors" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Oxidative stress is discussed to be implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. However, data are in part controversial and the possible underlying mechanisms remain elusive to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative stress status of female patients with migraine and its implications on migraine-related metabolic alterations.", "Oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), carbonylated proteins, parameters of associated nitric oxide stress, inflammation, lipid- and glucose-metabolism were determined in the interictal phase in female patients with migraine and controls.", "We found significantly increased HNE levels in female migraineurs compared with controls. Logistic regression analyses of HNE revealed an odds ratio for migraine of 4.55. HNE showed significant correlations with the nitric oxide pathway, the insulin- and the lipid-metabolism." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Cohort Studies", "Female", "Humans", "Inflammation", "Lipid Metabolism", "Middle Aged", "Migraine Disorders", "Oxidative Stress", "Risk Factors", "Sex Characteristics" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Protamine reversal of heparin anticoagulation often causes systemic hypotension, and in vitro studies suggest that this may be mediated by release of nitric oxide from the endothelium. The present investigations were designed to evaluate the direct myocardial effects of protamine and to determine in vivo whether nitric oxide inhibition can prevent hypotension during protamine infusion.", "Protamine sulfate (50 microg/ml) was added to perfusate of eight isolated rabbit heart preparations; in six other preparations, a similar concentration of prolamine was added to heparinized (5 U/ml) Krebs perfusate. Left ventricular developed pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise, and heart rate declined significantly (p < 0.01) in hearts exposed to protamine only (65.0% +/- 6.6%, 55.5% +/- 6.0%, and 87.6% +/- 2.5% of baseline, respectively), whereas protamine added to heparinized perfusate caused little change in developed pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise, and heart rate (85.3% +/- 5.4%, 84.9% +/- 5.5%, and 98.8% +/- 1.6%). To study systemic effects of protamine, we measured hemodynamic parameters in 12 heparinized dogs (150 U/kg). During protamine infusion (1.5 mg/kg intravenously over 30 seconds), mean blood pressure decreased by 46% +/- 7% from baseline (P < 0.05), cardiac output decreased by 38% +/- 4% (p < 0.05), and systemic vascular resistance decreased bv by 14& +/- 9%. After hemodynamic stabilization, Ng-monomethyl-L-arginine (2 mg/kg), a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, was administered to six dogs, and methylene blue (2 mg/kg), an inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate synthesis, was administered to the remaining six dogs. After treatment with Ng-monomethyl-L-arginine and methylene blue, the second infusion of protamine sulfate caused no significant change in blood pressure or cardiac output. In an additional six dogs, Ng-monomethyl-L-arginine pretreatment (5 mg/kg) blocked the effects of the first dose of protamine. The effect of Ng-monomethyl-L-arginine could be reversed by the addition of (6 mg/kg) L-arginine but not D-arginine." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Arginine", "Blood Pressure", "Cardiac Output", "Cyclic GMP", "Dogs", "Endothelium, Vascular", "Enzyme Inhibitors", "Female", "Hemodynamics", "Heparin", "Hypotension", "In Vitro Techniques", "Male", "Methylene Blue", "Models, Cardiovascular", "Myocardial Contraction", "Nitric Oxide", "Protamines", "Rabbits", "omega-N-Methylarginine" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Glioblastoma is the most malignant tumor of the central nervous system and still lacks effective treatment. This study explores mutational biomarkers of 11 drugs targeting either the RTK/Ras/PI3K, the p53 or the Rb pathway using 25 patient-derived glioblastoma stem-like cell cultures (GSCs).", "We found that TP53 mutated GSCs were approximately 3.5 fold more sensitive to dual inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and 2 (mTORC1/2) compared to wild type GSCs. We identified that Bcl-2(Thr56/Ser70) phosphorylation contributed to the resistance of TP53 wild type GSCs against dual mTORC1/2 inhibition. The Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-263 (navitoclax) increased sensitivity to the mTORC1/2 inhibitor AZD8055 in TP53 wild type GSCs, while sensitivity to AZD8055 in TP53 mutated GSCs remained unchanged." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aniline Compounds", "Biomarkers, Tumor", "Brain Neoplasms", "Cell Line, Tumor", "Cell Survival", "Cohort Studies", "DNA Mutational Analysis", "Drug Resistance, Neoplasm", "Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor", "Glioblastoma", "High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing", "Humans", "Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1", "Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2", "Morpholines", "Mutation", "Neoplastic Stem Cells", "Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases", "Phosphorylation", "Proteome", "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2", "Sulfonamides", "TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases", "Tumor Suppressor Protein p53" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality after burn injuries. Here, we describe the time line of infections and pathogens after burns.", "A retrospective study was performed in a large tertiary care burn center from 2004-2013. Analyses were performed on health care-associated infections (HAIs) meeting Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria and on all positive cultures. Incidence rates per 1,000 days were calculated for specific HAI categories and pathogens and across hospitalization time (week 1, weeks 2-3, and week ≥4).", "Among 5,524 patients, the median burn size was 4% of total body surface area (interquartile range, 2%-10%). Of the patients, 7% developed an HAI, of whom 33% had >1 HAI episode. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated earlier, and gram-negative bacteria were isolated later during hospitalization. Of 1,788 bacterial isolates, 44% met criteria for multidrug resistance, and 23% met criteria for extensive drug resistance. Bacteria tended to become increasingly resistant to antibiotics as time from admission increased." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Bacteria", "Bacterial Infections", "Burns", "Cross Infection", "Female", "Humans", "Incidence", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Retrospective Studies", "Risk Assessment", "Sodium Fluoride", "Tertiary Care Centers", "Urethane" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Socioeconomic position is a well-established risk factor for poor physical health.", "This study examines whether the effects of lower social rank on physical health may be accounted for by differences in daily social experience.", "In a large community sample (N = 475), we examined whether subjective social rank is associated with self-rated health, in part, through positive and negative perceptions of daily interpersonal interactions, assessed using ecological momentary assessment.", "Higher social rank was associated with higher average perceived positivity of social interactions in daily life (e.g., B = .18, p < .001), but not with perceived negativity of social interactions. Further, the association between social rank and self-rated physical health was partially accounted for by differences in perceived positivity of social interactions. This effect was independent of well-characterized objective markers of SES and personality traits." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Female", "Health Status", "Humans", "Interpersonal Relations", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Self Report", "Social Class", "Social Support", "Socioeconomic Factors" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "To investigate the effect of pharmacological paralysis on systemic oxygen consumption to determine whether pharmacological paralysis offers a physiological benefit over adequate sedation in ventilated animals.", "Nine dogs with normal pulmonary function were mechanically ventilated and sedated with alpha-chloralose while paralysis was induced with vecuronium. Oxygen consumption was determined via indirect calorimeter in each animal repeatedly in the presence or absence of paralysis with seven paired observations in each animal. Sixty-three pairs of data from nine animals were analyzed by analysis of variance with correction for multiple comparisons.", "Oxygen consumption was 4.3% higher in the unblocked state compared with the blocked state (5.39 +/- 0.32 v 5.16 +/- 0.34 mL/kg-min, P < .001). Carbon dioxide production was 3.0% higher in the unblocked state compared with the blocked state (4.92 +/- 0.24 v 4.77 +/- 0.23 mL/kg-min, P < .01). No other physiological effects were noted." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Analysis of Variance", "Animals", "Calorimetry, Indirect", "Chloralose", "Conscious Sedation", "Dogs", "Drug Evaluation, Preclinical", "Hemodynamics", "Humans", "Oxygen Consumption", "Respiration, Artificial", "Vecuronium Bromide" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of more selective use of admission angiography combined with protocolized nonoperative management for blunt splenic injury.", "This was a retrospective chart review of all patients with splenic injuries and Injury Severity Score < 20 managed by protocol and comparison with a prior matched group managed with admission angiography.", "Forty-three patients were managed under the protocol, with 22 patients treated with admission angiography and the remainder undergoing observation only. Nonoperative salvage was 100% in this group, with a length of stay of 3.3 days. The matched, nonprotocol group had a nonoperative salvage rate of 95%, with a length of stay of 6.8 days." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Angiography", "Clinical Protocols", "Diagnostic Tests, Routine", "Female", "Health Care Rationing", "Humans", "Injury Severity Score", "Length of Stay", "Male", "Outcome Assessment (Health Care)", "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", "Retrospective Studies", "Spleen", "Tomography, X-Ray Computed", "Wounds, Nonpenetrating" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "IL-13 induces several characteristic features of asthma, including airway eosinophilia, airway hyperresponsiveness, and mucus overproduction; however, the mechanisms involved are largely unknown.", "We hypothesized that IL-13-induced inflammatory changes in the lung were dependent in part on IL-5 and eotaxin, two eosinophil-selective cytokines.", "Recombinant murine IL-13 was repeatedly administered to the lung by intranasal delivery until the characteristic features of asthma developed. To analyze the role of IL-5 and eotaxin, we subjected eotaxin gene-targeted, IL-5 gene-targeted, eotaxin/IL-5-double-deficient, IL-5 transgenic, and wild-type mice of the Balb/C background to the experimental regime.", "The induction of IL-13-mediated airway eosinophilia was found to occur independently of eosinophilia in the blood or bone marrow, indicating that IL-13-induced airway inflammation is primarily mediated by local effects of IL-13 in the lung. Eosinophil recruitment into both the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was markedly attenuated in IL-5-deficient mice in comparison with wild-type controls. Accordingly, IL-13 delivery to IL-5 transgenic mice resulted in a large increase in airway eosinophils in comparison with wild-type mice. Interestingly, IL-13-induced eosinophilia in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of eotaxin-deficient mice was not impaired; however, these same mice failed to mount a significant tissue eosinophilia in response to IL-13. Finally, IL-13-induced mucus production was not affected by the presence of IL-5 or eotaxin, suggesting that IL-13-induced mucus secretion is mechanistically dissociated from airway eosinophilia." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Chemokine CCL11", "Chemokines, CC", "Chemotaxis, Leukocyte", "Cytokines", "Female", "Interleukin-13", "Interleukin-5", "Lung", "Male", "Mice", "Mice, Transgenic", "Mucus", "Pulmonary Eosinophilia" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "DNA methylation is of pivotal importance during development. Previous genome-wide studies identified numerous differentially methylated regions upon differentiation of stem cells, many of them associated with transcriptional start sites.", "We present the first genome-wide, single-base-resolution view into DNA methylation dynamics during differentiation of a mammalian epithelial stem cell: the mouse small intestinal Lgr5+ stem cell. Very little change was observed at transcriptional start sites and our data suggest that differentiation-related genes are already primed for expression in the stem cell. Genome-wide, only 50 differentially methylated regions were identified. Almost all of these loci represent enhancers driving gene expression in the differentiated part of the small intestine. Finally, we show that binding of the transcription factor Tcf4 correlates with hypo-methylation and demonstrate that Tcf4 is one of the factors contributing to formation of differentially methylated regions." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult Stem Cells", "Animals", "Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors", "Cell Differentiation", "Chromatin", "DNA Methylation", "Gene Expression Regulation", "Intestine, Small", "Mice", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled", "Transcription Factor 4" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress contributes to reductions in left ventricular diastolic (LV) function in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, related in part to reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability.", "LV diastolic function - recorded using transthoracic echocardiography and determined as the peak early (E) to late (A) mitral inflow velocity ratio and the E to peak early (e') mitral annular velocity ratio - and brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD), a biomarker of NO bioavailability, were measured during acute systemic infusions of saline (control) and ascorbic acid (experimental model to decrease oxidative stress) in healthy premenopausal women (N=14, 18-40 years) and postmenopausal women (N=23, 45-75 years).", "The E/A ratio was lower (1.16[1.06-1.33] vs 1.65[1.5-2.3]; median[interquartile range]) and the E/e' ratio was elevated (8.8[7.6-9.9] vs. 6.6[5.5-7.3]) in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal women, indicating reduced LV diastolic function. E/A and E/e' were correlated with FMD (r=0.54 and r=-0.59, respectively, both P<0.01). Ascorbic acid infusion improved both FMD (5.4±2.0% to 7.8±2.6%) and E/e' (to 8.1[7.2-9.7], P=0.01) in postmenopausal women but not in premenopausal women. Ascorbic acid did not change E/A in either group." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Aged", "Antioxidants", "Ascorbic Acid", "Brachial Artery", "Diastole", "Echocardiography", "Female", "Heart Ventricles", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Mitral Valve", "Oxidative Stress", "Postmenopause", "Premenopause", "Vasodilation", "Ventricular Function, Left", "Young Adult" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "To evaluate whether C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels can be used as a prognostic parameter in patients with cervical cancer.", "In the present study, CRP serum levels were measured in 215 patients with cervical cancer. CRP serum levels were measured prior to therapy for cervical cancer and were correlated to clinical data.", "The median CRP serum level in patients with cervical cancer was 0.5 mg/dl (interquartile range 0.5-0.9 mg/dl). CRP serum levels were significantly associated with advanced tumor stage (p<0.001), lymph node involvement (p=0.01) and patients' age (p=0.01), but not with histological grade (p=0.1) and histological type (p=0.9). In a univariate and multivariate analysis CRP serum levels, tumor stage, and lymph node involvement, but not histological grade, histological type and patients' age were associated with overall and disease-free survival." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Biomarkers, Tumor", "C-Reactive Protein", "Female", "Humans", "Lymphatic Metastasis", "Prognosis", "Survival Rate", "Uterine Cervical Neoplasms" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Fine particulate matter <2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) has been implicated in vasoconstriction and potentiation of hypertension in humans. We investigated the effects of short-term exposure to PM(2.5) in the angiotensin II (AII) infusion model.", "Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to PM(2.5) or filtered air (FA) for 10 weeks. At week 9, minipumps containing AII were implanted and the responses studied over a week. Mean concentration of PM(2.5) inside the chamber was 79.1+/-7.4 microg/m(3). After AII infusion, mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in PM(2.5)-AII versus FA-AII group. Aortic vasoconstriction to phenylephrine was potentiated with exaggerated relaxation to the Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 and increase in ROCK-1 mRNA levels in the PM(2.5)-AII group. Superoxide (O(2).(-)) production in aorta was increased in the PM(2.5)-AII compared to the FA group, inhibitable by apocynin and L-NAME with coordinate upregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits p22(phox) and p47(phox) and depletion of tetrahydrobiopterin. In vitro exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) and PM(2.5) was associated with an increase in ROCK activity, phosphorylation of myosin light chain, and myosin phosphatase target subunit (MYPT1). Pretreatment with the nonspecific antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and the Rho kinase inhibitors (Fasudil and Y-27632) prevented MLC and MYPT-1 phosphorylation by UFP suggesting a O(2)(.-)-mediated mechanism for PM(2.5) and UFP effects." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Angiotensin II", "Animals", "Antioxidants", "Aorta, Thoracic", "Biopterin", "Blood Pressure", "Cells, Cultured", "Disease Models, Animal", "Enzyme Inhibitors", "Hypertension", "Infusion Pumps, Implantable", "Inhalation Exposure", "Male", "Myosin Light Chains", "NADPH Oxidases", "Nitric Oxide Synthase", "Particle Size", "Particulate Matter", "Phosphorylation", "Rats", "Rats, Sprague-Dawley", "Reactive Oxygen Species", "Signal Transduction", "Time Factors", "Vasoconstriction", "rho-Associated Kinases", "rhoA GTP-Binding Protein" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Several studies have shown a positive association of dietary fat with prostate cancer. Leptin, a peptide hormone that has a role in the regulation of body weight, currently serves as a more accurate biomarker for total body fat. We designed a study to determine whether leptin influences cellular differentiation and the progression of prostate cancer.", "In this study we investigated serum leptin in 21 patients with prostate cancer, 50 with benign prostatic obstruction and 50 healthy individuals matched for sex, body mass index and age. Patients with cancer were stratified into 2 groups by the disease spread, including groups 1--organ confined and 2--advanced disease, and into 3 groups by the differentiation degree, including groups 3--Gleason sum 2 to 4 or well differentiated, 4--Gleason sum 5 to 7 or moderately differentiated and 5--Gleason sum 8 to 10 or poorly differentiated.", "We noted significant differences in serum leptin in the cancer versus control and cancer versus benign prostatic obstruction groups. In addition, in the prostate cancer group serum leptin correlated with prostate specific antigen and biopsy Gleason score. We also observed significant differences in serum leptin in groups 1 versus 2, 3 versus 5 and 4 versus 5." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Biopsy", "Body Weight", "Cell Transformation, Neoplastic", "Disease Progression", "Female", "Humans", "Leptin", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Neoplasm Staging", "Prognosis", "Prostatic Hyperplasia", "Prostatic Neoplasms", "Risk Factors", "Testosterone", "Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "To investigate the ocular surface temperature gradient in eyes with bacterial corneal ulcers.", "Prospective examination of 12 eyes with bacterial corneal ulcers (group 1) and 12 control eyes (group 2). Infrared thermal imaging (Tomey TG 1000) was used to study the temperature of the ocular surface. The mean, minimum and maximum temperature of the ocular surface and temperature course over a time period of 10 s of sustained eye opening were evaluated. Furthermore, a correlation between the overall corneal temperature and the temperature at the base of the corneal ulcers was determined.", "A significant difference between both groups was present. Mean corneal temperature was 35.6°C ± 0.9 in group 1 and 34.8°C ± 0.8 in group 2 (p = 0.033). The temperature course over 10 s of sustained eye opening was -0.6°C ± 0.4 in group 1 and -0.3°C ± 0.2 in group 2 (p = 0.045). There was a close correlation between the mean temperature at the base of the corneal ulcer and the overall corneal temperature (r = 0.92, p < 0.001)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Body Temperature", "Corneal Ulcer", "Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological", "Eye Infections, Bacterial", "Female", "Humans", "Infrared Rays", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Prospective Studies", "Thermography" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The single-stranded RNA Flavivirus, Zika virus (ZIKV), has recently re-emerged and spread rapidly across the western hemisphere's equatorial countries, primarily through Aedes mosquito transmission. While symptoms in adult infections appear to be self-limiting and mild, severe birth defects, such as microcephaly, have been linked to infection during early pregnancy. Recently, Tang et al. (Cell Stem Cell 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.02.016) demonstrated that ZIKV efficiently infects induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), resulting in cell cycle abnormalities and apoptosis. Consequently, hNPCs are a suggested ZIKV target.", "We analyzed the transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-seq) data (GEO: GSE78711) of ZIKV (Strain: MR766) infected hNPCs. For comparison to the ZIKV-infected hNPCs, the expression data from hNPCs infected with human cytomegalovirus (CMV) (Strain: AD169) was used (GEO: GSE35295). Utilizing a combination of Gene Ontology, database of human diseases, and pathway analysis, we generated a putative systemic model of infection supported by known molecular pathways of other highly related viruses.", "We analyzed RNA-sequencing data for transcript expression alterations in ZIKV-infected hNPCs, and then compared them to expression patterns of iPSC-derived hNPCs infected with CMV, a virus that can also induce severe congenital neurological defects in developing fetuses. We demonstrate for the first time that many of cellular pathways correlate with clinical pathologies following ZIKV infection such as microcephaly, congenital nervous system disorders and epilepsy. Furthermore, ZIKV activates several inflammatory signals within infected hNPCs that are implicated in innate and acquired immune responses, while CMV-infected hNPCs showed limited representation of these pathways. Moreover, several genes related to pathogen responses are significantly upregulated upon ZIKV infection, but not perturbed in CMV-infected hNPCs." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [] }

{ "contexts": [ "Mutations in podocyte and basement membrane genes are associated with a growing spectrum of glomerular disease affecting adults and children. Investigation of familial cases has helped to build understanding of both normal physiology and disease.", "We investigated a consanguineous family with a wide clinical phenotype of glomerular disease using clinical, histological, and new genetic studies.", "We report striking variability in severity of nephropathy within an X-linked Alport syndrome (XLAS) family. Four siblings each carried a mutant COL4A5 allele, p.(Gly953Val) and p.(Gly1033Arg). Two boys had signs limited to hematuria and mild/moderate proteinuria. In striking contrast, a sister presented with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) at 8 years of age and an infant brother presented with nephrotic syndrome, progressing to ESRD by 3 years of age. Both were subsequently found to have homozygous variants in MYO1E, p.(Lys118Glu) and p.(Thr876Arg). MYO1E is a gene implicated in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and it encodes a podocyte-expressed non-muscle myosin. Bioinformatic modeling demonstrated that the collagen IV-alpha3,4,5 extracellular network connected via known protein-protein interactions to intracellular myosin 1E." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Child", "Child, Preschool", "Collagen Type IV", "Female", "Humans", "Infant", "Inheritance Patterns", "Kidney Glomerulus", "Male", "Mutation", "Myosin Type I", "Nephritis, Hereditary", "Pedigree", "Severity of Illness Index", "Siblings" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Previous research has demonstrated that a theoretical model including measures of life stressors, social support, and coping style significantly predicts psychological distress. This study tested plasma pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency status as a predictor of overall psychological distress and specific mood states in this model, controlling for HIV-1 serostatus.", "Subjects included HIV-1+ (N = 76) and HIV-1- (N = 58) recently bereaved homosexual men. At baseline, subjects completed a battery of psychosocial questionnaires, together with a physical examination and venipuncture. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) provided measures of overall psychological distress as well as specific mood states. Pyridoxine deficiency status (a categorical measure of deficient vs. adequate status) was determined with a bioassay of erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activity.", "Pyridoxine deficiency was a significant predictor of increased overall psychological distress in this model, controlling for life stressors, social support, coping style, and HIV-1 serostatus. In post hoc analyses of specific mood state effects, pyridoxine deficiency status was significantly associated with increases in depressed, fatigued, and confused mood levels, but not with those of anxiety, anger, or vigor." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adaptation, Psychological", "Adult", "Affect", "Bereavement", "Depression", "HIV Seropositivity", "HIV-1", "Homosexuality, Male", "Humans", "Life Change Events", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Pyridoxine", "Stress, Psychological", "Vitamin B 6 Deficiency" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Noradrenergic processes within the amygdala have been implicated in the modulation of memory for emotional material. The amygdala has also been associated with the processing of facial expressions of emotion, particularly those of fear and sadness. However, the role of noradrenaline in the latter process is unknown.", "Therefore the present study examined the effect of an oral beta-blocker (propranolol, 80 mg) upon facial expression recognition in healthy volunteers.", "Facial expressions of six basic emotions, which had been \"morphed\" between neutral and each emotional standard, were used in the recognition task. Subjects completed this task both before and 1 h following either propranolol or a placebo. Control measures of choice reaction time and vigilance performance were also included to assess any non-specific effects of the drug upon alertness and speed.", "The administration of propranolol, relative to placebo, specifically increased reaction time to identify facial expressions of sadness correctly, in the absence of changes in speed to recognise other facial expressions of emotion. Subjective ratings of mood and alertness as well as speed in the two control tasks were not altered by propranolol, arguing against an account in terms of general sedation." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Administration, Oral", "Adrenergic beta-Antagonists", "Adult", "Analysis of Variance", "Double-Blind Method", "Emotions", "Facial Expression", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Propranolol", "Reaction Time", "Recognition (Psychology)" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Hypothalamic damage caused by craniopharyngioma (CP) is associated with poor functional outcome.", "To assess cognitive function and quality of life in childhood-onset CP on hormonal replacement, including GH treatment.", "A cross-sectional study with a median follow-up time of 20 years (1-40).", "Patients were recruited from the South Medical Region of Sweden.", "The study included 42 patients (20 women) surgically treated for a childhood-onset CP between 1958 and 2000. Patients were aged ≥17 years. Equally many controls, matched for age, sex, residence, and smoking habits, were included. Tumor growth into the third ventricle was found in 25 patients.", "All subjects were examined with a battery of cognitive tests and the following questionnaires: Symptom Checklist-90, the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction, and the Social Network concept.", "The CP patients had lower cognitive performance, reaching statistical significance in 12 of 20 test variables, including executive function and memory. Comparison of patients with tumor growth into the third ventricle to controls revealed a significant lower mean total score (P = .006). A significant negative correlation was recorded between mean z-score of cognitive performance and years since operation (r = -0.407; P = .014). No statistically significant group differences were observed across any of the 9 Symptom Checklist-90 subscales." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Attention", "Child", "Cognition", "Craniopharyngioma", "Cross-Sectional Studies", "Female", "Humans", "Hypothalamus", "Male", "Memory", "Mental Health", "Middle Aged", "Pituitary Neoplasms", "Quality of Life", "Survivors" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Executive function impairment, as classically assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sort Test or intradimensional/extradimensional tests, is a key feature of schizophrenia but remains inadequately treated by existing therapies. Recently, however, erythropoietin has been shown to improve attentional set-shifting performance in schizophrenic patients.", "The present study utilized the rat intradimensional/extradimensional task to investigate the potential of erythropoietin to reverse a phencyclidine-induced extradimensional shift impairment when given alone or in combination with subchronic haloperidol treatment.", "Rats were subjected to a subchronic systemic administration (7 days, b.i.d) of either saline vehicle or phencyclidine (5 mg/kg) followed by a 7-day washout period during which haloperidol was given. Subsequently, rats were trained to dig in baited bowls for a food reward and to discriminate on the basis of digging media or bowl odor. In experiment 1, rats performed a series of discriminations following acute administration of vehicle, erythropoietin, or modafinil. In a second experiment, rats receiving either haloperidol in the drinking water or just normal drinking water were run in the attentional set-shifting task after acute administration of erythropoietin (1,000 or 10,000 IU/ml  i.p., selected from experiment 1).", "The subchronic phencyclidine-induced extradimensional deficit was ameliorated by both erythropoietin and modafinil. When combined with subchronic haloperidol, the higher dose of erythropoietin tested was able to reverse the extradimensional shift impairment." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Antipsychotic Agents", "Attention", "Behavior, Animal", "Benzhydryl Compounds", "Discrimination (Psychology)", "Disease Models, Animal", "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "Drug Therapy, Combination", "Epoetin Alfa", "Erythropoietin", "Executive Function", "Haloperidol", "Male", "Modafinil", "Neuropsychological Tests", "Phencyclidine", "Rats", "Recombinant Proteins", "Reward", "Schizophrenia", "Schizophrenic Psychology" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "To quantify the relation between adiposity and blood pressure (BP) level in patients with symptomatic vascular disease and, thereby, assess whether the obesity paradox can be explained by a causal mechanism involving BP.", "BP and markers of adiposity (i.e. weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and visceral adipose tissue) were recorded in 4556 men and women with symptomatic vascular disease enrolled in the Secondary Manifestations of Arterial Disease Study. Additionally, 185 patients underwent repeated measurements after 3.7 years follow-up.", "Each 5 kg/m(2) body mass index was associated with +3.8 mmHg (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0-4.6) SBP difference and +2.3 mmHg (95% CI 1.9-2.8 mmHg) DBP difference in both men and women. Measures of centralized adiposity compared with BMI were equally related with BP. In contrast, subcutaneous adipose tissue was only weakly related with DBP and not related with SBP and pulse pressure. Various methods of adjustment for BP-lowering medication use led to consistent results. Furthermore, 5 kg/m(2) body mass index change during follow-up was associated with +8.1/5.1 mmHg BP change." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adiposity", "Aged", "Blood Pressure", "Body Mass Index", "Female", "Follow-Up Studies", "Humans", "Hypertension", "Longitudinal Studies", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Obesity", "Vascular Diseases", "Waist Circumference", "Waist-Hip Ratio" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Intensive insulin therapy lowers blood glucose and improves outcomes but increases the risk of hypoglycemia. Typically, insulin protocols require a dextrose solution to prevent hypoglycemia. The authors hypothesized that the provision of balanced nutrition (enteral nutrition [EN] or parenteral nutrition [PN]) would be more protective against hypoglycemia (≤50 mg/dL) than carbohydrate alone.", "A retrospective analysis was performed of patients treated with intensive insulin therapy and surviving ≥24 hours. The computer-based insulin protocol requires infusion of D10W at 30 mL/h if EN or PN is not provided. Nutrition provision was assessed in 2-hour increments, comparing periods of blood glucose control with and without balanced nutrition. The risk of hypoglycemia for each blood glucose measurement was estimated by multivariable regression.", "In total, 66,592 glucose measurements were collected on 1392 patients. Hypoglycemic events occurred in 5.8/1000 glucose tests after 2 hours without balanced nutrition compared to 2.2/1000 tests when balanced nutrition was given in the preceding 2 hours. In multivariable regression models, balanced nutrition was the strongest protective factor against hypoglycemia. Patients who did not receive balanced nutrition in the preceding 2 hours had a 3 times increase in the odds of a hypoglycemic event at their next glucose check (odds ratio = 3.6, P < .001). Providing carbohydrate alone was not protective." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Blood Glucose", "Critical Illness", "Diet", "Dietary Carbohydrates", "Female", "Humans", "Hypoglycemia", "Insulin", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Multivariate Analysis", "Nutritional Status", "Nutritional Support", "Parenteral Nutrition", "Retrospective Studies" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The relationship between oxygen and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has been studied frequently, and a pulse oximeter has the potential to facilitate the control of oxygen fluctuation in neonates. The objective of the present study was to compare the incidence of threshold ROP (stage 3 requiring laser treatment and stage 4) in infants of <33 weeks gestation after implementing a new clinical O(2) management practice.", "A retrospective study of data from the Kyoto First Red Cross Hospital neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from 1 July 2004 to 31 October 2007 (closed 1 December 2006-30 March 2007 for reconstruction). A reduced oxygen protocol was implemented to maintain oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) values using a pulse oximeter between 88% and 92%. The incidence of threshold ROP in the earlier period (1 July 2004-31 December 2005) and the later period (1 January 2006-31 October 2007) were compared.", "The incidence of threshold ROP significantly decreased from 32.2% to 16.7%, after changing to the reduced oxygen protocol (P < 0.05)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Birth Weight", "Cross-Sectional Studies", "Female", "Gestational Age", "Humans", "Infant, Newborn", "Intensive Care Units, Neonatal", "Male", "Oximetry", "Oxygen Inhalation Therapy", "Retinopathy of Prematurity", "Retrospective Studies" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are enzymes known to be involved in normal physiological and in many pathological conditions. Rheumatic diseases are among the ailments where MMP have been shown to exert detrimental effects. Mepacrine is used alone or in combination with other drugs to treat lupus and other rheumatic diseases. We investigated whether mepacrine's beneficial effects might be due to its influence on MMP.", "Human fibroblast-like synoviocytes were used to study the effect of mepacrine on phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) induced activation of MMP. Western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) experiments were used to investigate the effect of mepacrine.", "Mepacrine selectively inhibited MMP in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Mepacrine inhibited MMP-1 as well as MMP-9, but had no effect on MMP-3 at the mRNA level. Possible mechanisms to explain these findings were investigated, and it was found that mepacrine had a strikingly different effect on c-Jun, as opposed to c-Fos activation. While mepacrine treatment alone led to increased concentrations of c-Jun within the nuclear compartment, c-Fos translocation into the nucleus was blocked in synoviocytes treated with mepacrine and stimulated with PMA. Accordingly, EMSA showed reduced AP-1 binding in mepacrine treated synoviocytes. These results imply that the observed effects of mepacrine on immediate early genes resulted in reduced AP-1 binding. That ultimately led to a selective suppression of genes that rely on unhindered assembling of these transcription factors for their activation." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Cells, Cultured", "Electrophoresis", "Enzyme Inhibitors", "Fibroblasts", "Humans", "Matrix Metalloproteinase 1", "Matrix Metalloproteinase 3", "Matrix Metalloproteinase 9", "Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos", "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun", "Quinacrine", "RNA, Messenger", "Synovial Membrane", "Transcription Factor AP-1" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Leptin influences the proinflammatory immune responses and has angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study was to evaluate the peritoneal fluid levels of leptin in patients with endometriosis and idiopathic infertility and compare them with a control group of tubal ligation/reanastomosis patients.", "In this observational, prospective controlled study, peritoneal fluid from 108 women was obtained while they underwent laparoscopy for pelvic pain, infertility, tubal ligation or sterilization reversal. We measured the concentration of leptin in the peritoneal fluid and compared the levels among women who were divided into groups according to their post-surgical diagnosis. Sixty patients were diagnosed with endometriosis, 10 with idiopathic infertility and 38 had undergone tubal ligation or reanastomosis (control group).", "Peritoneal fluid leptin was significantly higher in endometriosis 14.62+/-9.79 (mean+/-SD) ng/ml compared to idiopathic infertility [0.92+/-1.57 ng/ml (P=0.0007)] and to controls [0.78+/-1.94 ng/ml (P<0.0001)]. Leptin levels were positively correlated with the stage of endometriosis (r=0.45; P=0.03), and with pelvic pain in endometriosis patients (r=0.49; P=0.001). Peritoneal fluid leptin levels in patients with idiopathic infertility were comparable to controls." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Ascitic Fluid", "Biomarkers", "Body Mass Index", "Endometriosis", "Female", "Humans", "Infertility, Female", "Inflammation", "Leptin", "Pain", "Pelvis", "Sterilization Reversal", "Sterilization, Tubal" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "In this study we determined whether the enhanced production of nerve growth factor (NGF) and the associated hypernoradrenergic innervation of the vasculature of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) was associated with an increased gene expression of messenger (m)RNA encoding for nerve growth factor.", "It has been shown previously that the hypernoradrenergic innervation of the SHR occurs early, as does the enhanced expression for NGF. In this study we analysed the content of NGF mRNA in blood vessels from young SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats.", "Total RNA was isolated from mesenteric arteries from 2-, 10- and 43-day-old SHR and WKY rats and RNA was also isolated from caudal arteries from 43-day-old rats. The RNA was subjected to Northern transfer or slot blots and the content of NGF mRNA measured after hybridization with a 32P-labelled complementary (c)DNA probe for NGF.", "Slot blot analysis indicated a larger concentration of NGF mRNA in mesenteric and caudal arteries from SHR than for tissues from WKY rats." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Arteries", "Blotting, Northern", "Gene Expression Regulation", "Hypertension", "Male", "Mesenteric Arteries", "Mice", "Nerve Growth Factors", "Nucleic Acid Hybridization", "RNA, Messenger", "Rats", "Rats, Inbred SHR", "Rats, Inbred WKY", "Sympathetic Nervous System" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "To determine if maternal periodontal disease is associated with the development of preeclampsia.", "A cohort of 1,115 healthy pregnant women were enrolled at less than 26 weeks' gestation and followed until delivery. Maternal demographic and medical data were collected. Periodontal examinations were performed at enrollment and within 48 hours of delivery to determine the presence of severe periodontal disease or periodontal disease progression. Preeclampsia was defined as blood pressure greater than 140/90 on two separate occasions, and at least 1+ proteinuria on catheterized urine specimen. The potential effects of maternal age, race, smoking, gestational age at delivery, and insurance status were analyzed, and adjusted odds ratios for preeclampsia were calculated using multivariable logistic regression.", "During the study period, 763 women delivered live infants and had data available for analysis. Thirty-nine women had preeclampsia. Women were at higher risk for preeclampsia if they had severe periodontal disease at delivery (adjusted odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1, 5.3), or if they had periodontal disease progression during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.0, 4.4)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Cohort Studies", "Comorbidity", "Confidence Intervals", "Female", "Humans", "Incidence", "Maternal Age", "Multivariate Analysis", "North Carolina", "Odds Ratio", "Periodontal Diseases", "Pre-Eclampsia", "Pregnancy", "Pregnancy Outcome", "Pregnancy, High-Risk", "Prenatal Care", "Probability", "Risk Factors" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "To describe the profile and outcome of late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE).", "Retrospective study of 264 singleton pregnancies presenting before delivery at two referral centres in South Africa.", "Primigravid patients constituted 56.8% of the group, while 57.6% were graded as severe. Median gestational age at diagnosis was 37 (34-43) weeks. 30.7% of patients experienced >or=1 major maternal complication including 34 (12.9%) cases of eclampsia. There were no maternal or early neonatal deaths. Five intrauterine deaths occurred, all due to placental abruption. The perinatal mortality rate was 18.9 per thousand births." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Female", "Gestational Age", "Humans", "Pre-Eclampsia", "Pregnancy", "Pregnancy Outcome", "Prognosis", "Retrospective Studies", "Severity of Illness Index", "South Africa", "Time Factors" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Peritraumatic reactions feature prominently among the main predictors for development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Peritraumatic tonic immobility (PTI), a less investigated but equally important type of peritraumatic response, has been recently attracting the attention of researchers and clinicians for its close association with traumatic reactions and PTSD. Our objective was to investigate the role of PTI, peritraumatic panic, and dissociation as predictors of PTSD symptoms in a cohort of police recruits (n=132).", "Participants were asked to complete the following questionnaires during academy training and after the first year of work: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version (PCL-C), Physical Reactions Subscale (PRS), Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ), Tonic Immobility Scale (TIS), and Critical Incident History Questionnaire.", "Employing a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model, we found that each additional point in the TIS was associated with a 9% increment in PCL-C mean scores (RM = 1.09), whereas for PRS, the increment was 7% (RM = 1.07). As the severity of peritraumatic dissociation increased one point in the PDEQ, the chance of having at least one symptom in the PCL-C increased 22% (OR = 1.22)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Brazil", "Dissociative Disorders", "Epidemiologic Methods", "Humans", "Immobility Response, Tonic", "Male", "Occupational Diseases", "Panic Disorder", "Police", "Psychiatric Status Rating Scales", "Psychometrics", "Severity of Illness Index", "Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic", "Young Adult" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Recent findings suggest that adenosine is involved in the neural and behavioral effects of ethanol (EtOH). Studies in neural cell culture show that EtOH, via activation of adenosine A2 receptors, triggers cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) signaling and CRE (cAMP regulatory element)-mediated gene expression and that this effect is blocked by inhibiting G-protein betagamma subunits. Recently, we reported that expression of a betagamma inhibitor in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) reduces EtOH drinking in rats. The NAc expresses high levels of the adenosine A2A receptor in GABAergic medium spiny neurons. If the reinforcing effects of EtOH are mediated through an A2 activation of cAMP/PKA signaling via betagamma, then A2 receptor blockade should attenuate EtOH consumption. Here we tested this hypothesis. Because adenosine A2 and dopamine D2 receptors are coexpressed in neurons of the NAc, we compared the effects of A2 blockade with those of D2 receptor blockade.", "Male Long-Evans rats were trained to self-administer 10% EtOH in daily 30-min sessions with an active and an inactive lever. Separate groups of rats were given the D2 antagonist eticlopride (0.005, 0.007, and 0.01 mg/kg), the A2 antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX; 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 20 mg/kg), and the A1 antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX; 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg) by systemic injection.", "Eticlopride dose-dependently reduced EtOH drinking. DMPX showed a bimodal effect: 10 and 20 mg/kg decreased, but 1 mg/kg increased, EtOH consumption. DPCPX was without effect." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists", "Animals", "Conditioning, Operant", "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "Ethanol", "Male", "Rats", "Rats, Long-Evans", "Receptors, Adenosine A2", "Self Administration", "Theobromine" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The Cochrane library, Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched.", "Cross-sectional or longitudinal studies evaluating caries prevalence in CLP patients against a suitable matched control were included.", "Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random effects model.", "Seven studies (total 474 patients) met the inclusion criteria. All of the studies were cross-sectional in nature, and used the decayed, missing and filled (DMF/dmf) indices as the final outcomes. Five studies involving permanent teeth suggested that CLP patients have a higher number of DMF teeth than the controls (mean difference 1.38; p = 0.003). Four studies of primary teeth suggest that CLP patients have a higher number of dmf teeth than the controls (mean difference 1.51; p = 0.03)." ], "labels": [ "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [] }

{ "contexts": [ "We have previously constructed a doxycycline (dox)-dependent HIV-1 variant by incorporating the Tet-On gene regulatory system into the viral genome. Replication of this HIV-rtTA virus is driven by the dox-inducible transactivator protein rtTA, and can be switched on and off at will. We proposed this conditional-live virus as a novel vaccine approach against HIV-1. Upon vaccination, replication of HIV-rtTA can be temporarily activated by transient dox administration and controlled to the extent needed for optimal induction of the immune system. However, subsequent dox-withdrawal may impose a selection for virus variants with reduced dox-dependence.", "We simulated this on/off switching of virus replication in multiple, independent cultures and could indeed select for HIV-rtTA variants that replicated without dox. Nearly all evolved variants had acquired a typical amino acid substitution at position 56 in the rtTA protein. We developed a novel rtTA variant that blocks this undesired evolutionary route and thus prevents HIV-rtTA from losing dox-control." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Binding Sites", "Doxycycline", "Evolution, Molecular", "Gene Expression Regulation, Viral", "Gene Products, tat", "Genes, Bacterial", "Genetic Engineering", "HIV-1", "Mutagenesis, Site-Directed", "Mutation, Missense", "Operator Regions, Genetic", "Phenotype", "Virus Replication", "tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the expression of CD163 and hemoglobin oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in brain tissue surrounding hematomas after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and correlations with other factors.", "Brain tissues in the close surrounding of ICH hematomas (n = 27, ICH group) were collected at 6 hours or less, 6-24 hours, 24-72 hours, and more than 72 hours after bleeding onset, and more distant tissues (n = 12, control group) were histologically analyzed with hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as the expression of CD163 and HO-1, were assessed using immunochemistry, Western blotting, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Apoptosis rates were determined with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays.", "The expressions of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were increased at 6-24 hours (P <.05), reached a peak at 24-72 hours (P <.001 and P <.01), at which time histopathological changes became most obvious and apoptosis rates were highest, but diminished for more than 72 hours after ICH onset. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 peaked at 6-24 hours (P < .01) after ICH onset but dropped in the following periods to lower levels than the control (P <.05). CD163 and HO-1 expressions gradually increased from 6 to 24 hours to peaks at more than 72 hours after ICH onset (P <.001)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Antigens, CD", "Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic", "Brain", "Cerebral Hemorrhage", "Cytokines", "Female", "Hematoma", "Heme Oxygenase-1", "Humans", "Inflammation", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Receptors, Cell Surface", "Signal Transduction" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The need for routine medical examinations of sport divers in the Scottish Sub-Aqua Club (Scot-SAC) was revised in March 2000, and a new system using a self administered screening questionnaire was developed to allow divers to be assessed when necessary by doctors with diving medicine experience.", "To assess the effect of the new medical system on medical referee workload, diver exclusion rates, and diving incident frequency.", "All divers were required to complete a questionnaire to screen for conditions that might affect fitness to dive. Divers answering \"Yes\" to any of the questions had their medical background assessed by a diving doctor, and, if necessary, received a clinical examination or investigation. The rate of diver exclusions based on the questionnaire response was recorded in conjunction with analysis of the incident reports.", "The number of forms requiring review by diving doctors increased from 1.2% to 5.7% (p<0.0001, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.06 to -0.03) in the year after the introduction of the new medical system and gradually increased in subsequent years to 7.7% (p<0.0001, 95% CI -0.08 to -0.05). The number of divers failing to be certified fit to dive increased slightly from 0.7% to 1.0% after one year (p = 0.26, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.00) and subsequently to 2.0% (p = 0.0003, 95% CI 0.02 to -0.01) after three years. Most divers were certified fit to dive on the basis of the questionnaire alone, and only 0.9% required objective investigation (such as exercise testing or echocardiography). Analysis of the incidents during three years of follow up confirmed that no incident occurred because of an undetected pre-existing medical condition. Two incidents involved divers with hypertension, but both had received medical examinations and investigation based on their responses to the questionnaire." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Certification", "Confidence Intervals", "Diving", "Follow-Up Studies", "Humans", "Mass Screening", "Medical History Taking", "Physical Fitness", "Referral and Consultation", "Scotland", "Self Disclosure", "Surveys and Questionnaires", "Workload" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "To investigate the effect of insulin on the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and the enzymatic synthetic pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) synthesis.", "Primarily cultured human TM cells were exposed to 1, 10, and 100 microgram/ml of insulin and 0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 nM dexamethasone for 3 days. To evaluate the enzymatic pathway of BH(4) synthesis, 10 microM dexamethasone, 5 mM diaminopyrimidinone, 100 microM ascorbic acid, 100 microM sepiapterin, or 10 microM methotrexate were also co-administered respectively. Cellular survival and NO production were measured with MTT and Griess assay.", "Insulin enhanced NO production in a dose-dependent manner significantly (0.05) without affecting cell viability, whereas dexamethasone inhibited NO production. With co-exposure of insulin, diaminopyrimidinone and sepiapterin inhibited insulin-induced NO production. Ascorbic acid increased NO production independent of insulin and methotrexate did not affect to the action of insulin in NO production." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Biopterin", "Cell Survival", "Cells, Cultured", "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "Humans", "Insulin", "Nitric Oxide", "Trabecular Meshwork" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "We sought to determine: 1) whether F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) parameters identify high-risk patients who gain benefit from revascularization; 2) whether there is a cut point for such benefit; and 3) predictors of outcome in patients with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction due to coronary artery disease.", "Patients with ischemic LV dysfunction might benefit from revascularization but not without risk. The FDG PET imaging can detect viable myocardium that recovers after revascularization. In the PARR-2 (PET and Recovery Following Revascularization-2) trial, FDG PET imaging showed a nonsignificant trend for improved outcome compared with standard care. Understanding the predictors of outcome from this prospective trial should help better identify patients at risk and which patients most benefit from revascularization.", "This post hoc analysis included 182 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35% and coronary artery disease, being considered for revascularization work-up, and randomized to the PET arm of PARR-2. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or cardiac repeat hospital stay at 1 year.", "There is an interaction between PET mismatch and protocol revascularization such that higher mismatch, when combined with revascularization, yields fewer primary outcome events (p = 0.02). On the basis of adjusted Cox modeling, with reduced mismatch (<7%), the risk is not significantly different with or without revascularization. As mismatch increases above this mark, risk is reduced with revascularization. Increasing creatinine (for a 10-mumol/l increase: hazard ratio: 1.03, 95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 1.06, p = 0.010) is also associated with increased risk, whereas decreasing LVEF (for a 2% decrease: hazard ratio: 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 0.99 to 1.18, p = 0.087) trends toward an association with increased risk." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Coronary Artery Disease", "Female", "Fluorodeoxyglucose F18", "Humans", "Kidney", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Myocardial Infarction", "Myocardial Revascularization", "Myocardial Stunning", "Myocardium", "Patient Readmission", "Patient Selection", "Positron-Emission Tomography", "Predictive Value of Tests", "Proportional Hazards Models", "Prospective Studies", "Radiopharmaceuticals", "Risk Assessment", "Risk Factors", "Stroke Volume", "Time Factors", "Tissue Survival", "Treatment Outcome", "Ventricular Dysfunction, Left" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Dysregulation of immune and stress responses plays a significant role for the development and progression of inflammatory diseases, including periodontal disease. The non-essential amino acid glycine modulates immune and central nervous system (CNS) responses, and has been shown to beneficially affect tissue destructive inflammatory conditions. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of orally administered glycine to influence periodontal disease progression, as well as immune and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses following lipopolysaccharide stimulation.", "Glycine was supplied in the drinking water during the whole experiment to male Wistar rats, starting 3 days before the induction of experimental ligature-induced periodontal disease. Control rats were given tap water only. The periodontal breakdown was assessed after the ligatures had been in place for 34 days. Following intraperitonal lipopolysaccharide stimulation, concentrations of the proximal cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-10, as well as the HPA axis-derived hormone corticosterone, were measured in blood serum.", "Orally administered glycine significantly reduced periodontal bone loss as measured by digital X-rays (p = 0.007). Bone loss was negatively correlated with increased serum glycine, whereas no significant relationship was found with TNF-alpha, interleukin-10, or corticosterone." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Alveolar Bone Loss", "Animals", "Corticosterone", "Drug Evaluation, Preclinical", "Glycine", "Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System", "Interleukin-10", "Ligation", "Male", "Periodontal Diseases", "Pituitary-Adrenal System", "Rats", "Rats, Wistar", "Statistics, Nonparametric", "Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "We evaluated predictive factors for cervical lymph node metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).", "We present a retrospective analysis of 90 patients with T1-2 N0 SCC who underwent primary excision as initial treatment without preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy. We examined the clinicopathologic factors (gender, age, clinical stage, surgical margin, grade of differentiation, lymphatic invasion, tumor depth of invasion, pattern of invasion [POI]) and immunohistochemical factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]-A and VEGF-C expression) to predict the probability of lymph node metastasis.", "The local progression-free 5-year survival rate was 100%. Tumor depth of invasion (≥4 mm, P = .022), POI (score >4, P = .000), and VEGF-C expression (P = .008) were associated with the lymph node metastasis of tongue SCC in a multiple logistic regression analysis (odds ratios [ORs]: 5.075, 17.383, and 9.533, respectively)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Biomarkers, Tumor", "Carcinoma, Squamous Cell", "Disease Progression", "Female", "Humans", "Lymphatic Metastasis", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Neoplasm Invasiveness", "Neoplasm Staging", "Predictive Value of Tests", "Retrospective Studies", "Survival Rate", "Tongue Neoplasms", "Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A", "Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "To report population burden of hypoglycemia requiring ambulance services and long term outcomes thereafter, among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).", "We retrieved all ambulance calls made by T2D for hypoglycemia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2009.", "Seven hundred eighteen calls were made by 503 T2D (age 69 ± 12 years, 51% male), of which 328 (65%) were on insulin (INS), 54 (11%) on insulin + noninsulin agents (NIAI), 95 (19%) on sulphonylurea alone or in combination with other noninsulin agents (SFU), 21 (4%) on nonsulphonylurea noninsulin agents (NSFU), and 5 (1%) on no therapy (excluded from further analysis). NSFU had lower repeated calls (INS 25%, NIAI 26%, SFU 12%, NSFU 5%; P = .02), emergency room transportation (ERT) (INS 62%, NIAI 67%, SFU 68%, NSFU 38%; P = .06), and hospitalizations (INS 31%, NIAI 46%, SFU 38%, NSFU 19%; P = .02) compared to other groups. In multivariable mortality model, increased age (P<.001) was associated with an increased risk of death, whereas hypoglycemia predisposing comorbidities (chronic liver disease, end stage renal disease, adrenal insufficiency) (P = .06) were associated with a borderline increased risk, but no association was found with treatment group, repeated calls, ERT, hospitalization and baseline diabetic end organ complications." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Ambulances", "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2", "Emergency Medical Services", "Female", "Hospitalization", "Humans", "Hypoglycemia", "Hypoglycemic Agents", "Insulin", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Risk" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Immune cells and cytokines are central to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure associated with acute pancreatitis. The specific role of T cells in this response is unclear, and this study focused on evaluating T cell activation and its regulation in patients with acute pancreatitis.", "Peripheral blood samples of 14 patients with acute pancreatitis were obtained within 24 h of the onset of pain, within 48 h and at 1 week. T cell expression of surface markers CD69, CD62L and CD25 was measured. The production of interleukin (IL) 10 and IL-2 in vitro in response to the superantigen Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) was assessed. Serum samples from these patients were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from volunteers in the presence or absence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA) 4 immunoglobulin, a specific inhibitor of antigen-dependent T cell activation.", "Expression of CD69 was significantly increased in CD3(+) and CD4(+) populations at 48 h and 1 week, and on CD8(+) cells at 1 week. There was a significant increase in the production of SEB-induced IL-2 compared with findings in controls, but no significant IL-10 response. Serum from patients with pancreatitis activated normal T cells. This response was abolished completely by CTLA-4." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Acute Disease", "Adult", "CD3 Complex", "CD4 Antigens", "Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay", "Female", "Humans", "Lymphocyte Activation", "Lymphokines", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Pancreatitis", "Prospective Studies", "Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome", "T-Lymphocytes" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "To examine changes in interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) during homologous muscle activation in healthy subjects and in people with hemiparesis.", "IHI in the abductor pollicus brevis (APB) muscle was examined using paired transcranial magnetic stimulation. Stimuli were delivered while the target APB was at rest or activated, and while the non-target contralateral APB was at rest or activated.", "In control subjects, IHI in the resting target APB was enhanced during activation of the contralateral APB, and was greater from the dominant hemisphere to the non-dominant. In stroke subjects, IHI in the non-affected APB was not modulated during voluntary activation of the affected APB, but was influenced by the prior dominance of affected hemisphere. Bilateral muscle activation did not elicit any changes in IHI in either group." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Action Potentials", "Adult", "Aged", "Brain Mapping", "Corpus Callosum", "Electromyography", "Female", "Functional Laterality", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Motor Cortex", "Movement", "Muscle Contraction", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Neural Inhibition", "Neural Pathways", "Paresis", "Pyramidal Tracts", "Stroke", "Thumb", "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Qindan-capsule (QC) is a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of hypertension. We investigated the effect and mechanism of QC-containing serum on proliferation of aortal adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) and composition of extracellular matrix (ECM). We also tested whether the Smad3 signaling pathway is activated in the progress.", "AFs were cultured by tissue explant in vitro. The proliferation of AFs induced by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) and affected by QC-containing serum with high or low dose was detected by MTT. The protein and mRNA expressions of Smad3 and Procollagen I were observed by Western blot and Real-time PCR respectively.", "Western blot and Real-time PCR revealed that after being activated by TGF-beta1 for 24h, the expressions of Smad3, Pho-Smad3 and Procollagen I were all higher than those in the control group. But these functions were inhibited, to some extent in different doses, by QC-containing serum. So that the proliferation of AFs which was evaluated by MTT." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Aorta", "Blotting, Western", "Cell Proliferation", "Connective Tissue", "Extracellular Matrix", "Fibroblasts", "Magnoliopsida", "Male", "Plant Extracts", "Procollagen", "RNA, Messenger", "Rats", "Rats, Wistar", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Signal Transduction", "Smad3 Protein", "Transforming Growth Factor beta1" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "One of the cardinal features of airway remodeling in asthma is mucus gland hyperplasia and mucus overproduction and hypersecretion. Recently, a calcium-activated chloride channel, HCLCA1, was described that is upregulated by IL-9 and thought to regulate the expression of soluble gel-forming mucins, such as MUC5A/C, a critical component of mucus in the airways.", "We sought to examine the expression of HCLCA1 in bronchial biopsy specimens of asthmatic subjects compared with those of control subjects and to demonstrate its relationship with IL-9, IL-9 receptor (IL-9R), and markers of mucus production.", "Bronchial biopsy specimens from asthmatic (n = 9) and control (n = 10) subjects were stained with periodic acid-Schiff to identify mucus glycoconjugates. IL-9- and IL-9R-positive cells were identified with immunocytochemistry, and HCLCA1 expression was detected by means of in situ hybridization with cRNA probes.", "We demonstrate significant increases in IL-9 (P <.001) and IL-9R (P <.05) immunoreactivity, as well as increased expression of HCLCA1 mRNA (P <.001), in the epithelium of asthmatic patients compared with that found in control subjects. There was also an increase in the number of mucusproducing cells in biopsy specimens from asthmatic subjects (P <.001). HCLCA1 mRNA was strongly and selectively colocalized with periodic acid-Schiff and IL-9R-positive epithelial cells. In particular, a strong positive correlation was observed between HCLCA1 mRNA expression and IL-9-positive (r = 0.69, P < 0.01) or IL9R-positive (r = 0.79, P <.01) cells." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Asthma", "Biopsy", "Bronchi", "Chloride Channels", "Forced Expiratory Volume", "Gene Expression Regulation", "Humans", "Immunohistochemistry", "Interleukin-9", "Middle Aged", "Mucus", "RNA, Messenger", "Receptors, Interleukin", "Respiratory Mucosa", "Up-Regulation" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The study aims to ascertain nurses' views on their preparedness to provide physical health care, and their identified training needs.", "The study used a qualitative exploratory design. Thirty-eight nurses working in a regional mental health setting participated in focus groups.", "Three main themes were identified: (a) the need for physical healthcare training, (b) modes of training, (c) access to training, and (d) organizational commitment." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Education, Nursing, Continuing", "Focus Groups", "Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice", "Humans", "Mental Disorders", "Middle Aged", "Nurses", "Primary Health Care", "Psychiatric Nursing", "Qualitative Research", "Severity of Illness Index" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Neovascularization contributes to the development of sustained synovial inflammation in the early stages of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ultrasound (US) provides an indirect method of assessing synovial blood flow and has been shown to correlate with clinical disease activity in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. This study examines the relationship of US determined synovitis with synovial vascularity, angiogenic/lymphangiogenic factors and cellular mediators of inflammation in a cohort of patients with early Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients prior to therapeutic intervention with disease modifying therapy or corticosteroids.", "An ultrasound guided synovial biopsy of the supra-patella pouch was performed in 12 patients with early RA prior to treatment. Clinical, US and biochemical assessments were undertaken prior to the procedure. Ultrasound images and histological samples were obtained from the supra-patella pouch. Histological samples were stained for Factor VIII and a-SMA (a-smooth muscle actin). Using digital imaging analysis a vascular area score was recorded. QT-PCR (quantitative-PCR) of samples provided quantification of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic gene expression and immunohistochemistry stained tissue was scored for macrophage, T cell and B cell infiltration using an existing semi-quantitative score.", "Power Doppler showed a good correlation with histological vascular area (Spearman r--0.73) and angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), Angiopoietin 2 and Tie-2. In addition, lymphangiogenic factors such as VEGF-C and VEGF-R3 correlated well with US assessment of synovitis. A significant correlation was also found between power Doppler and synovial thickness, pro-inflammatory cytokines and sub-lining macrophage infiltrate. Within the supra-patella pouch there was no significant difference in US findings, gene expression or inflammatory cell infiltrate between any regions of synovium biopsied." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Arthritis, Rheumatoid", "Female", "Humans", "Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted", "Immunohistochemistry", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Neovascularization, Pathologic", "Synovial Membrane", "Synovitis", "Ultrasonography" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The strong immunostimulating potential of β-glucans has been well established in numerous diseases. However, the effects on viral infection were less studied.", "In our study, we focused on possible effects of a special combined glucan formulation on immunosuppression caused by influenza infection.", "We found that a 2-week oral feeding with glucan mixture significantly reduced the effects of influenza infection in total mortality. Our study was focused on phagocytosis, cytokine levels, antibody response and cytotoxicity assay." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [] }

{ "contexts": [ "To identify variables that predict the in-hospital course and prognosis of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).", "A retrospective analysis of 94 patients (20 females) with AECOPD. Twenty-one variables including arterial blood gas studies were analysed.", "The mean age was 61.2 years. The in-hospital mortality rate was 12.8%; 28.6% of patients required invasive mechanical ventilation and 37.2% required ICU care. In univariate analysis, aypotension at presentation (systolic blood-pressure < 90 mmHg) [p = 0.002, odds ratio OR 10.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.90-63.00); central cyanosis (p = 0.007, OR 6.91, 95% CI 1.42-33.59); and cor-pulmonale (p = 0.009, OR 10.46, 95% CI 1.26-86.46) were univariately associated with in-hospital mortality. On multivariate analysis, hypotension (p = 0.049, OR 18.419, 95% CI 1.013-334.752) remained the only independent predictor." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Critical Care", "Female", "Hospital Mortality", "Humans", "Hypotension", "India", "Length of Stay", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive", "Respiration, Artificial", "Retrospective Studies", "Treatment Outcome" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Although the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) and the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) have helped to define the role of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for both symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions, the role of surveillance of the contralateral carotid artery remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the progression of contralateral carotid artery disease with serial duplex ultrasound scans after CEA compared with the recurrent stenosis rate for the carotid artery ipsilateral to the CEA.", "From January 1990 to December 2000, 473 CEA procedures were performed at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. From this group we identified 279 patients who had undergone first-time CEA, as well as preoperative duplex scanning and postoperative duplex scanning at least once, in the vascular laboratory. At each visit stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) was categorized as none (0%-14%), mild (15%-49%), moderate (50%-79%), severe (80%-99%), or occluded. Analysis of probability of freedom from progression was determined. Progression was defined as an increase in ICA stenosis 50% or greater or increase to a higher category of stenosis if baseline was 50% or greater. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for data analysis.", "Mean patient age was 65.7 years (range, 33-100 years). The 1024 carotid duplex ultrasound scanning examinations performed (mean, 3.7; range, 2-13) included the last study done before the index CEA and all studies done after the CEA. Mean follow-up was 27 months (range, 1-137 months). Forty-six patients were found to have contralateral carotid occlusion at initial duplex scanning, and were therefore excluded from the contralateral progression analysis. Contralateral progression was more frequent than ipsilateral recurrent stenosis at long-term follow-up (P <.01). Annual rates of \"any progression\" and \"progression to severe stenosis or occlusion\" were 8.3% and 4.4%, respectively, for contralateral arteries, and 4.3% and 2.4%, respectively for ipsilateral arteries. As a result of surveillance, 43 contralateral CEAs (19% of initial cohort) were performed. Carotid stenosis regressed in 25 arteries (10.7%). Baseline clinical and demographic factors did not predict disease progression. Baseline contralateral stenosis did not predict time to \"any progression,\" but was a strong predictor of \"progression to severe stenosis or occlusion\" (P <.001)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Carotid Artery, Internal", "Carotid Stenosis", "Disease Progression", "Endarterectomy, Carotid", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Proportional Hazards Models", "Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Pattern formation of the limb skeleton is regulated by a complex interplay of signaling centers located in the ectodermal sheath and mesenchymal core of the limb anlagen, which results, in the forelimb, in the coordinate array of humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and digits. Much less understood is why skeletal elements form only in the central mesenchyme of the limb, whereas muscle anlagen develop in the peripheral mesenchyme ensheathing the chondrogenic center. Classical studies have suggested a role of the limb ectoderm as a negative regulator of limb chondrogenesis.", "In this paper, we investigated the molecular nature of the inhibitory influence of the ectoderm on limb chondrogenesis in the avian embryo in vivo. We show that ectoderm ablation in the early limb bud leads to increased and ectopic expression of early chondrogenic marker genes like Sox9 and Collagen II, indicating that the limb ectoderm inhibits limb chondrogenesis at an early stage of the chondrogenic cascade. To investigate the molecular nature of the inhibitory influence of the ectoderm, we ectopically expressed Wnt6, which is presently the only known Wnt expressed throughout the avian limb ectoderm, and found that Wnt6 overexpression leads to reduced expression of the early chondrogenic marker genes Sox9 and Collagen II." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Chick Embryo", "Chondrogenesis", "Collagen Type II", "Ectoderm", "Extremities", "SOX9 Transcription Factor", "Wnt Proteins" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The use of sedation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is widespread, mainly because of the belief that patients are likely to tolerate the procedure better. The aim of the present study was to assess patients' response to the policy of actively persuading them to accept a throat spray for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.", "Three hundred patients who had recently undergone endoscopy were sent a questionnaire; 244 of them responded (81%). Data on age, sex, procedure tolerance, anxiety levels, and future choice of sedation or throat spray for repeat procedures were sought. The results were analysed using the chi-squared test.", "One hundred and ninety-two (79%) chose, or were persuaded to have, throat spray, and only nine (5%) had to be transferred to sedation. Thirty-two percent of patients who had throat spray tolerated endoscopy well, compared to 70% of those who chose sedation. One hundred and nineteen throat spray patients (62%) showed a low level of reluctance to undergo repeat endoscopy, compared to 37 (71%) sedated patients (not significant). One hundred and forty-four throat spray patients (76%) expressed satisfaction with the throat spray, but if given a choice, only 124 (66%) would choose throat spray again. Male patients, those with lower anxiety levels, and those over 50 years old, tolerated endoscopy with throat spray better, showed less reluctance to undergo repeat endoscopy, and were more likely to choose throat spray again. Those who had any previous experience of endoscopy under sedation were less likely to choose throat spray again." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Aerosols", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Anesthesia, Local", "Anxiety", "Conscious Sedation", "Endoscopy, Digestive System", "Fear", "Female", "Humans", "Lidocaine", "Male", "Midazolam", "Middle Aged", "Patient Acceptance of Health Care", "Patient Satisfaction" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Ventricular tachyarrhythmias may produce subsequent myocardial dysfunction through the formation of oxygen-derived free radicals. We tested the hypothesis that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine enhances recovery of contractile function after rapid ventricular pacing.", "Barbiturate-anesthetized dogs were instrumented for measurement of systemic and coronary hemodynamics and subendocardial segment shortening (%SS). All dogs were subjected to 3 h of rapid ventricular pacing (230 beats/min) followed by a 2 h recovery period. In three groups (n=8 each), dogs received intravenous 0.9% saline or N-acetylcysteine (50 or 150 mg/kg over 60 min) in a random manner before pacing.", "N-acetylcysteine did not affect systemic and coronary hemodynamics or alter regional myocardial contractility. Rapid ventricular pacing significantly (P<0.05) increased rate-pressure product and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and decreased +dP/dt(max). Rapid ventricular pacing produced equivalent degrees of contractile dysfunction in dogs receiving saline or N-acetylcysteine (e.g. %SS of 14.7+/-1.8 to -3.8+/-2.7% before and during pacing in saline-pretreated dogs). Dogs receiving the 150 mg/kg dose of N-acetylcysteine demonstrated greater recovery of contractile function than those pretreated with saline or the 50 mg/kg dose (e.g. %SS of 12.3+/-1.7% compared to 7.0+/-2.0% 2 h after pacing in dogs receiving saline). No differences in systemic and coronary hemodynamics were observed between groups during recovery from pacing." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Acetylcysteine", "Analysis of Variance", "Animals", "Cardiac Pacing, Artificial", "Disease Models, Animal", "Dogs", "Female", "Free Radical Scavengers", "Heart Function Tests", "Hemodynamics", "Male", "Myocardial Contraction", "Myocardial Stunning", "Probability", "Random Allocation", "Reactive Oxygen Species", "Reference Values", "Stroke Volume", "Ventricular Dysfunction, Left" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The aim was to demonstrate that a reduction in the nonlinear behavior of heart rate variability (HRV) in the preoperative period in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) triggers higher morbidity and mortality rates in the postoperative stay.", "Seventy patients (59+/-10.3 years) were included. HRV was captured by a Polar Advanced S810 heart rate monitor and analyzed using the nonlinear variables detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), autocorrelation (tau), Lyapunov exponent (LE), and the Poincaré plot (PP). Based on two scenarios, death vs. non-death (scenario 1) and events vs. their absence (scenario 2), the occurrence of neurological complications, infections, kidney failure, arrhythmia, and death were evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and odds ratio (95% CI) were recorded.", "In scenario 1, significant differences were found for DFA, alpha-2, LE, PP[SD1], and PP[SD2], with p-values of 0.0172, 0.0343, 0.0159, 0.0069, and 0.0287, respectively. In scenario 2, differences were found for alpha-1, alfa-2, tau, LE, PP[SD1], and PP[SD2], with p-values of 0.0066, 0.0426, 0.0188, 0.0108, 0.0005, and 0.0158, respectively. The best areas under ROC curve were seen in scenario 1, with values of 0.72 (tau), 0.77 (LE), and 0.78 (PP[SD1])." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Coronary Artery Bypass", "Female", "Heart Rate", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Nonlinear Dynamics", "Odds Ratio", "Postoperative Period", "Predictive Value of Tests", "Preoperative Care" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "We designed our study to evaluate the hypothesis that gastric cancer is correlated with iodine deficiency or thyroid dysfunction.", "We investigated the total body iodine reserve, thyroid function status and autoimmune disorder in 40 recently diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma cases versus 80 healthy controls. The participants came from a region with high gastric cancer rate but sufficient iodine supply due to salt iodination. The investigation included urine iodine level, thyroid gland clinical and ultrasonographic examination, and thyroid function tests.", "Goiter was detected more frequently in the case group (P=0.001); such a finding, however, was not true for lower than normal urine iodine levels. The free T3 mean level was significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group (P=0.005)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [] }

{ "contexts": [ "Since its introduction more than 45 years ago, the pelvic wash has gained widespread acceptance and is used routinely use at most centers. However, widely varying figures have been reported regarding its sensitivity for peritoneal involvement in ovarian tumors. In the current study, the authors evaluated a consecutive group of pelvic (peritoneal or abdominopelvic) washings performed in the evaluation of adnexal masses to determine whether histologic subtype significantly affects the tumor detection rate using this procedure.", "Reports from all washes performed over a 5-year period in the evaluation of adnexal masses were evaluated and correlated with those of the synchronously obtained histologic specimens. The sensitivity for each histologic subtype was calculated, with ovarian surface involvement and/or tumoral involvement of any peritoneal surface defined as the criterion standard. Cases with cytologic and histologic concordance were defined as true-positive or true-negative. Statistical significance was determined using the Fisher exact test.", "In the current study, 185 of 846 (21.9%) total washes were associated with malignant (n = 161) or borderline (n = 24) tumors involving the ovary. For the malignancies, the overall cytology detection rate was 25%. A comparison of the cytology detection rates for the individual histologic subtypes with the overall rate demonstrated that the serous carcinomas were more likely (P = 0.0144) and the clear cell carcinomas were less likely (P = 0.0452) to be detected in pelvic washings. Cytology detection rates for mucinous, endometrioid, and undifferentiated carcinomas did not appear to differ significantly (P > 0.05) from the average detection rate. The cytohistologic correlation rate (efficiency), sensitivity, and specificity for the 5 most common histologic subtypes (n = 130) were 79.23%, 50.77%, and 93.33%, respectively. Differences also were observed in the calculated sensitivity for each subtype: serous (n = 57), 71.4%; endometrioid (n = 30), 58.33%; clear cell (n = 19), 20%; mucinous (n = 13), 50%; and undifferentiated (n = 11), 50%. Borderline tumors demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 100%, respectively." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell", "Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous", "Endometrial Neoplasms", "Female", "Humans", "Neoplasm Invasiveness", "Neoplasm Staging", "Ovarian Neoplasms", "Pelvis", "Peritoneal Cavity", "Peritoneal Lavage", "Peritoneal Neoplasms", "Prognosis", "Sensitivity and Specificity", "Vaginal Smears" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been identified in breast and many other carcinomas. It is not clear, however, when these mutations occur during breast carcinogenesis. Overexpression of 53 protein has been reported in some ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions. To further study the overexpression of p53 in DCIS of the breast and correlate these findings with changes at the molecular level, we performed p53 immunostaining and direct sequencing in noncomedo and comedo DCIS.", "Archival blocks were obtained on cases of noncomedo DCIS, (including encysted, noninvasive papillary carcinoma) and comedo DCIS. Immunohistochemical staining with the p53 antibody DO7 was performed on all cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of exons 5, 6, and 7 of the p53 gene was performed and the PCR products were directly sequenced. Four comedo DCIS cases that were p53 immunopositive were further screened for p53 mutations by PCR/single strand conformation polymorphism in exons 8 and 9 of the p53 gene. One of these cases showing a mobility shift was directly sequenced.", "We examined 39 lesions including comedo DCIS (N = 12) and noncomedo DCIS (N = 27), the latter including 17 encysted noninvasive papillary carcinomas. Immunostaining with DO7 was positive in 4 of 12 comedo DCIS lesions (33%) while all noncomedo lesions including encysted noninvasive papillary carcinomas were negative. Direct sequencing of PCR products confirmed wild-type DNA in exons 5 and 6 in all noninvasive papillary carcinomas, 3 randomly selected noncomedo DCIS lesions, and 4 p53 antibody-positive comedo DCIS lesions. In these latter 4 cases, wild-type DNA sequences were preserved in exon 7 for all cases. A single case had a conformational shift in exon 8 within the four cases screened in exons 8 and 9. Direct DNA sequencing of this exon revealed a G to A point mutation resulting in an arginine-to-histidine substitution at codon 273 of the protein." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Base Sequence", "Breast Neoplasms", "Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast", "Female", "Humans", "Immunohistochemistry", "Middle Aged", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Mutation", "Oligonucleotide Probes", "Tumor Suppressor Protein p53" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Pirt is a two-transmembrane domain protein that regulates the function of a variety of ion channels. Our previous study indicated that Pirt acts as a positive endogenous regulator of the TRPM8 channel. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying the regulation of TRPM8 channel by Pirt.", "HEK293 cells were transfected with TRPM8+Pirt or TRPM8 alone. Menthol (1 mmol/L) was applied through perfusion to induce TRPM8-mediated voltage-dependent currents, which were recorded using a whole-cell recording technique. PIP2 (10 μmol/L) was added into the electrode pipettes (PI was taken as a control). Additionally, cell-attached single-channel recordings were conducted in CHO cells transfected with TRPM8+Pirt or TRPM8 alone, and menthol (1 mmol/L) was added into the pipette solution.", "Either co-transfection with Pirt or intracellular application of PIP2 (but not PI) significantly enhanced menthol-induced TRPM8 currents. Furthermore, Pirt and PIP2 synergistically modulated menthol-induced TRPM8 currents. Single-channel recordings revealed that co-transfection with Pirt significantly increased the single channel conductance." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Carrier Proteins", "HEK293 Cells", "Humans", "Ion Channel Gating", "Membrane Proteins", "Menthol", "Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate", "TRPM Cation Channels" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "We investigated whether focal hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image within acute infarcts is associated with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) after thrombolysis.", "Patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent MRI screening before thrombolysis were enrolled. The presence of focal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity within acute infarcts did not preclude thrombolysis. SICH was defined as hemorrhagic transformation with any neurological decline (SICH-1) or with an increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale of >or=4 (SICH-2) within 48 hours.", "Among 88 included patients, focal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity within acute infarct lesions was observed in 27 (30.7%) patients. Multivariate analysis showed that focal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity was independently associated with SICH-1 (OR, 13.64; 95% CI, 1.51 to 123.28) and SICH-2 (OR, 10.44; 95% CI, 1.11 to 98.35)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Acute Disease", "Aged", "Brain Ischemia", "Cerebral Hemorrhage", "Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Disease Susceptibility", "Drug Therapy, Combination", "Female", "Fibrinolytic Agents", "Humans", "Infusions, Intra-Arterial", "Infusions, Intravenous", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Patient Selection", "Retrospective Studies", "Risk", "Severity of Illness Index", "Thrombolytic Therapy", "Tissue Plasminogen Activator", "Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Breast cancer is a major health problem that threatens the lives of millions of women worldwide each year. Most of the chemotherapeutic agents that are currently used to treat this complex disease are highly toxic with long-term side effects. Therefore, novel generation of anti-cancer drugs with higher efficiency and specificity are urgently needed.", "Breast cancer cell lines were treated with eugenol and cytotoxicity was measured using the WST-1 reagent, while propidium iodide/annexinV associated with flow cytometry was utilized in order to determine the induced cell death pathway. The effect of eugenol on apoptotic and pro-carcinogenic proteins, both in vitro and in tumor xenografts was assessed by immunoblotting. While RT-PCR was used to determine eugenol effect on the E2F1 and survivin mRNA levels. In addition, we tested the effect of eugenol on cell proliferation using the real-time cell electronic sensing system.", "Eugenol at low dose (2 μM) has specific toxicity against different breast cancer cells. This killing effect was mediated mainly through inducing the internal apoptotic pathway and strong down-regulation of E2F1 and its downstream antiapoptosis target survivin, independently of the status of p53 and ERα. Eugenol inhibited also several other breast cancer related oncogenes, such as NF-κB and cyclin D1. Moreover, eugenol up-regulated the versatile cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1 protein, and inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells in a p53-independent manner. Importantly, these anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects were also observed in vivo in xenografted human breast tumors." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Antineoplastic Agents", "Apoptosis", "Breast Neoplasms", "Cell Line, Tumor", "Cell Proliferation", "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21", "Disease Models, Animal", "Down-Regulation", "E2F1 Transcription Factor", "Eugenol", "Female", "Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic", "Humans", "Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins", "Mice", "Mitochondria", "Receptors, Estrogen", "Survivin", "Tumor Burden", "Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Rapid assessment of hepatic function early after reperfusion of the liver graft is of great importance, because it may allow for prompt detection of incipient hepatic graft failure. The current study was undertaken to determine whether the continuous recording of neuromuscular transmission could be used as an on-line assessment of hepatic function during liver transplantation when a muscle relaxant with high hepatic uptake is used.", "We quantified and compared the effect of liver exclusion and graft reperfusion on the level of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in nine pigs studied twice within 3 days. During the 1st day (control session), an intravenous infusion of vecuronium was administered to maintain a constant 90-95% twitch depression during 180 min. The twitch response was then allowed to recover spontaneously to 75% of its prerelaxant value. Neuromuscular transmission was continuously measured on the right anterior leg using an acceleration transducer. During the same time period, the metabolic rate of 14C-labeled aminopyrine (a well-established quantitative test of the liver microsomal function) was determined by measuring the excretion of 14CO2 in expired air after administration of an intravenous bolus of 14C-labeled aminopyrine. Two days later, the pigs underwent a hepatic autotransplantation, during which vecuronium was administered to maintain a constant 90-95% twitch depression. After reperfusion of the liver graft, the vecuronium infusion rate was maintained at its anhepatic level, and the recovery index of the neuromuscular blockade (the time from 25% to 75% recovery of twitch height) was calculated. The aminopyrine breath test was performed during the last 30 min of the anhepatic phase, and during 3 h after reperfusion of the liver graft.", "During control studies, the mean infusion rate of vecuronium was 1.30 +/- 0.33 mg.kg-1.h-1 and the recovery index was 3.4 +/- 0.5 min. During liver dissection, the infusion rate of vecuronium was similar to the control value (1.18 +/- 0.16 mg.kg-1.h-1), then considerably decreased to 0.05 +/- 0.03 mg.kg-1.h-1 during the anhepatic phase. After reperfusion of the liver graft, the recovery index was markedly prolonged to 35.5 +/- 15.8 min, indicating a prolongation of the recovery of neuromuscular blockade by a factor of 10.4. Excretion of 14CO2 was equal to zero during the anhepatic phase and then increased to 0.19 +/- 0.11% during the 1st h after reperfusion of the liver graft, an excretion rate corresponding to 11.2% of control conditions. The relationship between individual changes in the recovery index of the neuromuscular blockade and 14CO2 excretion in expired air after reperfusion of the liver graft showed a strong significant correlation (r2 = 0.71)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aminopyrine", "Animals", "Body Temperature", "Carbon Radioisotopes", "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "Hemodynamics", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Liver", "Liver Circulation", "Liver Transplantation", "Microsomes, Liver", "Neuromuscular Junction", "Rectum", "Reperfusion", "Swine", "Synaptic Transmission", "Transplantation, Autologous", "Vecuronium Bromide" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Our previous gene expression microarray studies identified a number of genes differentially expressed in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and islet autoantibody-positive subjects. This study was designed to validate these gene expression changes in T1D patients and to identify gene expression changes in diabetes complications. RESEARCH DESIGH AND METHODS: We performed high-throughput real-time RT-PCR to validate gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a large sample set of 928 T1D patients and 922 control subjects.", "Of the 18 genes analyzed here, eight genes (S100A8, S100A9, MNDA, SELL, TGFB1, PSMB3, CD74, and IL12A) had higher expression and three genes (GNLY, PSMA4, and SMAD7) had lower expression in T1D patients compared with control subjects, indicating that genes involved in inflammation, immune regulation, and antigen processing and presentation are significantly altered in PBMCs from T1D patients. Furthermore, one adhesion molecule (SELL) and three inflammatory genes mainly expressed by myeloid cells (S100A8, S100A9, and MNDA) were significantly higher in T1D patients with complications (odds ratio [OR] 1.3-2.6, adjusted P value = 0.005-10(-8)), especially those patients with neuropathy (OR 4.8-7.9, adjusted P value <0.005)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte", "Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic", "Calgranulin A", "Calgranulin B", "Child", "Child, Preschool", "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1", "Female", "Histocompatibility Antigens Class II", "Humans", "Interleukin-12 Subunit p35", "L-Selectin", "Leukocytes, Mononuclear", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis", "Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Transcription Factors", "Transforming Growth Factor beta1", "Up-Regulation", "Young Adult" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Mutations and loss of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene are associated with most renal cancers as well as several other types of human tumors, but the potential role of the VHL protein (pVHL) in patients with chondrosarcoma has not been characterized. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression profiles of pVHL in chondrosarcoma and its association with clinicopathologic parameters, Bax expression, the apoptosis index, and overall survival of patients with chondrosarcoma.", "The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of VHL in fresh specimens from eight chondrosarcomas were studied with use of real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. The protein expression of VHL and Bax was investigated by means of immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded clinical specimens from seventeen benign cartilage tumors and thirty-four chondrosarcomas. The apoptosis index in chondrosarcoma was examined by means of the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) assay. Curves for overall survival were drawn according to the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were analyzed with the log-rank test. The association of pVHL expression with the clinicopathologic parameters, Bax expression, apoptosis index, and overall survival for patients with chondrosarcoma was also analyzed.", "Levels of VHL protein (p = 0.005) and mRNA (p = 0.008) were significantly reduced in chondrosarcoma tissues as compared with the paired adjacent normal tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis showed decreased pVHL in a significantly higher proportion of chondrosarcomas (64.7%) than benign cartilage tumors (29.4%). pVHL expression was positively correlated with Bax expression and the apoptosis index in chondrosarcoma. Longitudinal studies of a cohort of patients with chondrosarcomas showed that decreased pVHL expression significantly correlated with increased tumor grade (p = 0.026) but was not independently predictive of overall survival." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Apoptosis", "Bone Neoplasms", "Case-Control Studies", "Chondrosarcoma", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Neoplasm Grading", "RNA, Messenger", "Survival Rate", "Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein", "bcl-2-Associated X Protein" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Most therapeutic options for postoperative delirium are only symptom oriented; therefore, the best approach remains prevention. The aim of this study was to identify predisposing and precipitating factors for early postoperative delirium.", "A total of 1002 patients were screened for delirium in an observational, cohort study. Nine hundred and ten patients were observed in the recovery room and 862 patients on the first postoperative day in the ward at the Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin. Delirium was measured with the nursing delirium screening scale. Risk factors were analysed in a multivariate analysis.", "Delirium was seen in 11.0% of the patients in the recovery room and in 4.2% of the patients on the ward. Delirium in the recovery room was associated with delirium on the ward (McNemar's test P = <0.001). Apart from age and site of surgery, we found the duration of preoperative fluid fasting to be a modifiable precipitating factor for delirium in the recovery room (odds ratio 2.69, 95% confidence interval 1.4-5.2) and on the ward (odds ratio 10.57, 95% confidence interval 1.4-78.6) and the choice of intraoperative opioid for delirium on the ward (odds ratio 2.27, 95% confidence interval 1.0-5.1)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Analgesics, Opioid", "Berlin", "Cohort Studies", "Delirium", "Fasting", "Female", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Neuropsychological Tests", "Patients' Rooms", "Postoperative Complications", "Recovery Room", "Risk Factors", "Time Factors", "Treatment Outcome" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate the effect of age at cochlear implantation (CI) on vocabulary development; (2) to evaluate the age effect at CI surgery on the syntactic development; and (3) to examine the role of gender, age at first diagnosis and maternal education level on spoken language development.", "Retrospective study. Thirty children with congenital severe- to -profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) were sampled. They were diagnosed and fitted with hearing aids through six months of age. They were implanted between 8 and 17 months of age. The MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (MCDI) was administrated at the age of 36 months. The total productive vocabulary (word number raw score), the mean length of utterance (M3L) and the sentences complexity were analysed.", "The average word number raw score was 566.3 for the children implanted before 12 months of age versus 355 for those implanted later. The M3L was 8.3 for those implanted under 1 year versus 4.2 of those implanted later. The average sentences complexity was 82.3% for those receiving CI before 12 months, while it was 24.4% for those underwent at CI after 12 months. Regression analysis revealed a highly significant and negative linear effect of age at CI surgery on all outcomes. Females had better outcomes. Age at diagnosis was not correlated with the linguistic results. The mother's education level had a positive significant effect on sentences complexity." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Age Factors", "Cochlear Implantation", "Educational Status", "Female", "Hearing Loss, Sensorineural", "Humans", "Infant", "Language Development", "Male", "Retrospective Studies", "Sex Factors", "Vocabulary" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Cyclophosphamide (CP), a widely used antineoplastic drug causes hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) mainly via induction of oxidative stress. Both vitamin C and histidine have antioxidant properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of oral (p.o.) administration of vitamin C and histidine on the CP-induced HC in rats.", "The animals were divided into two major groups I and II with four subgroups (a, b, c, and d) in each. Groups I and II were treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of normal saline and CP (200 mg/kg), respectively, thereafter, normal saline, vitamin C (200 mg/kg), histidine (200 mg/kg) and vitamin C plus histidine were p.o. administered in subgroups a, b, c, and d, respectively, three times (2, 6, and 24 h) after i.p. injections of normal saline and CP. Blood samples were assayed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histopathological changes of bladder wall were investigated.", "The decreased TAC and increased MDA levels of plasma and the severity of hemorrhages, congestion, edema, and leukocyte infiltration of bladder induced by CP were recovered with vitamin C and histidine treatments. Combined treatment with vitamin C and histidine showed a potentiation effect." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Administration, Oral", "Animals", "Antineoplastic Agents", "Antioxidants", "Ascorbic Acid", "Cyclophosphamide", "Cystitis", "Disease Models, Animal", "Drug Combinations", "Hemorrhage", "Histidine", "Male", "Malondialdehyde", "Rats", "Rats, Wistar", "Urinary Bladder", "Vitamins" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The detection of specific serum immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to Hymenoptera venoms is an established diagnostic tool to diagnose insect venom hypersensitivity. However, the specificity of sIgE detection is a debated issue.", "In 145 subjects, total IgE (tIgE) and sIgE to Hymenoptera venoms as well as sIgE to rapeseed as a marker of cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants were measured. In addition, an atopy score was determined for each patient. We looked for a possible association between tIgE and the presence of sIgE in subjects with a negative history of large local or systemic reactions to insect stings.", "Fifteen of 65 subjects (23.1%) with low levels of tIgE (<50 kU/l) had sIgE for bee or wasp venom, and 23 of 47 subjects (48.9%) with a tIgE from 50 to 250 kU/l showed sIgE. The highest rate of asymptomatic sensitization (22 of 33; 66.7%) was found in patients with tIgE levels higher than 250 kU/l. Median sIgE was approximately 4.8 times higher in subjects with tIgE levels above 250 kU/l than in those with tIgE levels <50 kU/l. Interestingly, a significant difference in median tIgE was recorded between individuals with and without sIgE to rapeseed [776.5 kU/l (25, 75% percentiles: 252.5, 2,000.0) vs. 50.5 kU/l (20.1, 172.0), respectively; p < 0001]." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Animals", "Antibody Specificity", "Arthropod Venoms", "Bee Venoms", "Brassica rapa", "Cross Reactions", "Female", "Humans", "Hymenoptera", "Hypersensitivity", "Immunoglobulin E", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Wasp Venoms", "Young Adult" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Dragon Boat training is often suggested to control upper limb edema in breast cancer (BC) survivors, but little information is available regarding the cardiac impact of such activity. The present study evaluates this aspect during a 4-year follow-up of BC survivors.", "From 2006 to 2010, 55 women diagnosed with BC in 2005, treated with adjuvant therapy without evidence of metastases, were enrolled for competitive Dragon Boat training. They underwent ergometric tests yearly, and 2D echocardiography to evaluate hemodynamic, morphological and functional cardiac parameters.", "The data were compared with those from a group of 36 healthy women (HW). Both groups maintained normal systolic function throughout the period, with Cardiac Mass index, Body Mass Index and Ejection Fraction values being higher in HW. At the onset of the study, the diastolic function of BC survivors was normal though compatible with initial diastolic dysfunction when compared to the diastolic function of HW. After 4 years of competitive activity, the diastolic parameters improved in both groups and particularly in BC survivors (A peak: from 68.5 ± 15.1 cm/s to 50 ± 14.1 cm/s, p < 0.05; Ea: from 9.3 ± 2 cm/s to 11.89 ± 1.7 cm/s, p < 0.001)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Body Mass Index", "Breast Neoplasms", "Diastole", "Female", "Heart", "Hemodynamics", "Humans", "Middle Aged", "Ships", "Sports", "Stroke Volume", "Survivors" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Previous research has shown age-related differences in short- (SICI) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) in both resting and active hand muscles, suggesting that healthy ageing influences post-synaptic motor cortex inhibition. However, it is not known how the ageing process effects the pre-synaptic interaction of SICI by LICI, and how these pre- and post-synaptic intracortical inhibitory circuits are modulated by the performance of different motor tasks in older adults.", "To examine age-related differences in pre- and post-synaptic motor cortex inhibition at rest, and during index finger abduction and precision grip.", "In 13 young (22.3 ± 3.8 years) and 15 old (73.7 ± 4.0 years) adults, paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to measure SICI (2 ms inter-stimulus interval; ISI) and LICI (100 and 150 ms ISI), whereas triple-pulse TMS was used to investigate SICI when primed by LICI.", "We found no age-related difference in SICI at rest or during index finger abduction, but significantly greater SICI in older subjects during precision grip. Older adults showed reduced LICI in resting muscle (at an ISI of 150 ms), with no age-related differences in LICI during either task. When SICI was primed by LICI, disinhibition of motor cortex was reduced in older adults at rest (100 ms ISI) and during index finger abduction (150 ms ISI), but not during precision grip." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Age Factors", "Aged", "Evoked Potentials, Motor", "Female", "Hand Strength", "Humans", "Male", "Motor Cortex", "Neural Inhibition", "Psychomotor Performance", "Synaptic Transmission", "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Do the benefits of intensive lipid-lowering therapy extend to patients with only borderline or moderately elevated levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol?", "The merits of the present LDL cholesterol treatment goal of < or = 100 mg/dl need to be clarified for patients without high levels of LDL cholesterol, particularly for those patients previously classified as having only borderline high (130 to 159 mg/dl) or desirable (101 to 130 mg/dl) levels.", "Disease change and clinical events were examined in LDL cholesterol subgroups in the Familial Atherosclerosis Treatment Study (FATS) trial, a randomized, blinded, quantitative arteriographic comparison of one conventional and two intensive lipid-lowering strategies in men with coronary artery disease, a positive family history and apolipoprotein B > or = 125 mg/dl. The primary end point, disease change per patient, was measured as the mean change in severity of stenosis (delta %SProx) among nine standard proximal segments.", "Of the 120 patients completing the 30-month protocol, 60 had a baseline LDL cholesterol < 90th percentile (mean LDL cholesterol 152 mg/dl) and 60 > 90th percentile (mean LDL cholesterol 221 mg/dl). Thirty-one patients had levels < 160 mg/dl (mean LDL cholesterol 134 mg/dl) and 89 > 160 mg/dl (mean LDL cholesterol 205 mg/dl). Patients with LDL cholesterol < 90th percentile benefited angiographically from therapy (delta %SProx = -1.5% diameter stenosis [regression] during intensive therapy vs. +2.3% diameter stenosis [progression] during conventional therapy, p < 0.01), as did patients with LDL cholesterol < 160 mg/dl (delta %SProx = -4.2% vs. +3.3% diameter stenosis, p = 0.0001). By comparison, angiographic benefit was less pronounced among those entering with very high LDL cholesterol (delta %SProx = -0.2% vs. +1.9% diameter stenosis, p = 0.07) or with LDL cholesterol > or = 160 mg/dl (delta %SProx = +0.2% vs. +1.6% diameter stenosis, p = 0.13). Intensive therapy resulted in a statistically significant reduction in clinical events only in the subgroup with baseline LDL cholesterol < 90th percentile (2 of 42 vs. 8 of 29 patients initially enrolled, p = 0.01) and a trend toward fewer events in patients with LDL cholesterol < 160 mg/dl (2 of 20 vs. 6 of 15 patients, p = 0.05). No such difference was seen in the higher LDL cholesterol subgroups." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Analysis of Variance", "Anticholesteremic Agents", "Apolipoproteins B", "Cholesterol, LDL", "Colestipol", "Coronary Angiography", "Coronary Disease", "Double-Blind Method", "Humans", "Hypercholesterolemia", "Lovastatin", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Niacin", "Treatment Outcome" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poorer quality of life, and death. Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication increases ghrelin secretion, which may be a possible treatment for sarcopenia. We investigated whether HP eradication reduces the risk of low muscle mass (LMM), which is an integral component of sarcopenia.", "Healthy, asymptomatic women aged ≥60 years who participated in a health screening program were enrolled. Subjects with a history of HP eradication were compared with those who were HP IgG(+), but had not received HP-eradicating therapy. Body composition was measured by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. LMM was defined as body muscle mass 2 standard deviations below the mean muscle mass of healthy women aged 20-39 years from the same program. Multivariable analysis was used to identify sarcopenia risk factors.", "Three hundred seventy-two women had received HP eradication, while 689 HP IgG(+) women had not. The prevalence of LMM was significantly lower in those who received HP eradication (13.7% vs 21.6%, P=0.002). Multivariable analysis identified risk factors for LMM as age, white blood cell count, serum total protein concentration, and the metabolic syndrome. HP eradication (odds ratio: 0.632, 95% confidence interval: 0.440-0.824, P=0.013) was a significant preventive factor, and exercise (odds ratio: 0.710, 95% confidence interval: 0.504-1.002, P=0.051) had a preventive tendency." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Age Factors", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Body Weights and Measures", "Female", "Health Behavior", "Health Status", "Helicobacter Infections", "Helicobacter pylori", "Hematologic Tests", "Humans", "Middle Aged", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Prevalence", "Prospective Studies", "Quality of Life", "Republic of Korea", "Risk Factors", "Sarcopenia", "Socioeconomic Factors" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "This study explored whether post-resuscitation status resembles severe sepsis in terms of autonomic nervous modulation by using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis.", "Successfully resuscitated nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) adult patients in an emergency department were prospectively enrolled as the study group. Age- and sex-matched patients with severe sepsis with and without mechanical ventilation were included as positive controls, while sepsis patients and healthy volunteers were included as negative controls. The HRV measures obtained from 10-minute electrocardiogram were compared among 5 groups of subjects.", "Sixty-four successfully resuscitated OHCA patients were studied. There were no significant differences in all HRV measures (standard deviation of R-R intervals [SD(RR)], coefficient of variation of R-R intervals [CV(RR)], total power [TP], very-low-frequency component [VLF], low-frequency component [LF], high-frequency component [HF], normalized LF [LF%], normalized HF [HF%], and LF/HF) among the successfully resuscitated OHCA patients and severe sepsis patients with and without mechanical ventilation. Also, no significant differences in all HRV measures were found between nonsurvivors of OHCA group and nonsurvivors of severe sepsis group. In the nonsurvivors of OHCA group and severe sepsis group, the LF% and LF/HF were significantly lower, whereas the HF and HF% were significantly higher, as compared with the survivors of these 2 groups." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Autonomic Nervous System", "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation", "Case-Control Studies", "Chi-Square Distribution", "Electrocardiography", "Female", "Heart Rate", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest", "Prospective Studies", "Respiration, Artificial", "Sepsis", "Statistics, Nonparametric" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Neuropsychological deficits have been reported in association with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Reductions in grey matter (GM) volumes have been documented in FEP subjects compared to healthy controls. However, the possible inter-relationship between the findings of those two lines of research has been scarcely investigated.", "To investigate the relationship between neuropsychological deficits and GM volume abnormalities in a population-based sample of FEP patients compared to healthy controls from the same geographical area.", "FEP patients (n=88) and control subjects (n=86) were evaluated by neuropsychological assessment (Controlled Oral Word Association Test, forward and backward digit span tests) and magnetic resonance imaging using voxel-based morphometry.", "Single-group analyses showed that prefrontal and temporo-parietal GM volumes correlated significantly (p<0.05, corrected) with cognitive performance in FEP patients. A similar pattern of direct correlations between neocortical GM volumes and cognitive impairment was seen in the schizophrenia subgroup (n=48). In the control group, cognitive performance was directly correlated with GM volume in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and inversely correlated with parahippocampal gyral volumes bilaterally. Interaction analyses with \"group status\" as a predictor variable showed significantly greater positive correlation within the left inferior prefrontal cortex (BA46) in the FEP group relative to controls, and significantly greater negative correlation within the left parahippocampal gyrus in the control group relative to FEP patients." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Brain Mapping", "Cerebral Cortex", "Cognition Disorders", "Community Health Planning", "Female", "Humans", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Male", "Neuropsychological Tests", "Principal Component Analysis", "Schizophrenia", "Statistics as Topic", "Young Adult" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Evidence indicates an association between older parents at birth and increased risk for schizophrenia and autism. Patients with schizophrenia and autism and their first-degree relatives have impaired social functioning; hence, impaired social functioning is probably an intermediate phenotype of the illness. This study tested the hypothesis that advanced father's age at birth would be associated with poorer social functioning in the general population. To test this hypothesis, we examined the association between parental age at birth and the social functioning of their adolescent male offspring in a population-based study.", "Subjects were 403486, 16- to 17-year-old Israeli-born male adolescents assessed by the Israeli Draft Board. The effect of parental age on social functioning was assessed in analyses controlling for cognitive functioning, the other parent's age, parental socioeconomic status, birth order, and year of draft board assessment.", "Compared with offspring of parents aged 25-29 years, the prevalence of poor social functioning was increased both in offspring of fathers younger than 20 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-1.49) and in offspring of fathers 45 years old (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.43-1.61). Male adolescent children of mothers aged 40 years and above were 1.15 (95% CI = 1.07-1.24) times more likely to have poor social functioning." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Autistic Disorder", "Cross-Sectional Studies", "Humans", "Israel", "Male", "Maternal Age", "Middle Aged", "Military Personnel", "Odds Ratio", "Paternal Age", "Registries", "Risk Factors", "Schizophrenia", "Schizophrenic Psychology", "Social Adjustment", "Young Adult" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Psychosocial stress is thought to play a key role in the acceleration of immunological aging. This study investigated the relationship between lifetime and past-year history of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the distribution of T cell phenotypes thought to be characteristic of immunological aging.", "Data were from 85 individuals who participated in the community-based Detroit Neighborhood Health Study. Immune markers assessed included the CD4:CD8 ratio, the ratio of late-differentiated effector (CCR7-CD45RA+CD27-CD28-) to naïve (CCR7+CD45RA+CD27+CD28+) T cells, the percentage of KLRG1-expressing cells, and the percentage of CD57-expressing cells.", "In models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, and medication use, we found that past-year PTSD was associated with statistically significant differences in the CD8+ T cell population, including a higher ratio of late-differentiated effector to naïve T cells, a higher percentage of KLRG1+ cells, and a higher percentage of CD57+ cells. The percentage of CD57+ cells in the CD4 subset was also significantly higher and the CD4:CD8 ratio significantly lower among individuals who had experienced past-year PTSD. Lifetime PTSD was also associated with differences in several parameters of immune aging." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Aged, 80 and over", "Cellular Senescence", "Female", "Humans", "Immunophenotyping", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Phenotype", "Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic", "T-Lymphocyte Subsets", "Young Adult" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Nanoparticles appear to be promising devices for application in the agriculture and food industries, but information regarding the response of plants to contact with nano-devices is scarce. Toxic effects may be imposed depending on the type and concentration of nanoparticle as well as time of exposure. A number of mechanisms may underlie the ability of nanoparticles to cause genotoxicity, besides the activation of ROS scavenging mechanisms. In a previous study, we showed that plant cells accumulate 3-Mercaptopropanoic acid-CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (MPA-CdSe/ZnS QD) in their cytosol and nucleus and increased production of ROS in a dose dependent manner when exposed to QD and that a concentration of 10 nM should be cyto-compatible.", "When Medicago sativa cells were exposed to 10, 50 and 100 nM MPA-CdSe/ZnS QD a correspondent increase in the activity of Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione reductase was registered. Different versions of the COMET assay were used to assess the genotoxicity of MPA-CdSe/ZnS QD. The number of DNA single and double strand breaks increased with increasing concentrations of MPA-CdSe/ZnS QD. At the highest concentrations, tested purine bases were more oxidized than the pyrimidine ones. The transcription of the DNA repair enzymes Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase, Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I and DNA Topoisomerase I was up-regulated in the presence of increasing concentrations of MPA-CdSe/ZnS QD." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Antioxidants", "Catalase", "Cells, Cultured", "DNA Repair", "DNA Topoisomerases, Type I", "DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase", "Free Radical Scavengers", "Glutathione Reductase", "Medicago sativa", "Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases", "Plant Cells", "Quantum Dots", "Reactive Oxygen Species", "Superoxide Dismutase" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory enlargement of the heart in response to stress such as hypertension. It is beneficial in reducing stress placed on the heart. However, when the stress is of a chronic nature, it becomes pathological and leads to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Current treatments for hypertension and heart failure have proven beneficial but are not highly specific and associated with side effects. Accordingly, there is an important need for alternative strategies to provide safe and effective treatment.", "Ten-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with resveratrol (2.5 mg/kg/day) for a period of 10 weeks. Systolic blood pressure, and cardiac structure and function were measured in all groups at different time points of resveratrol treatment. Oxidative stress was also determined in all groups after 10 weeks of resveratrol treatment.", "SHRs were characterized with high blood pressure and concentric hypertrophy from 15 weeks of age. Cardiac functional abnormalities were also evident in SHR from 15 weeks onwards. Resveratrol treatment significantly prevented the development of concentric hypertrophy, and systolic and diastolic dysfunction in SHR without lowering blood pressure. Resveratrol also significantly reduced the oxidative stress levels of cardiac tissue in SHR." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aging", "Animals", "Antioxidants", "Blood Pressure", "Cardiomegaly", "Echocardiography", "Heart Function Tests", "Hypertension", "Lipid Peroxidation", "Male", "Myocardial Contraction", "Oxidative Stress", "Rats", "Rats, Inbred SHR", "Rats, Inbred WKY", "Resveratrol", "Stilbenes" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Selective agonists of the sigma-1 receptor (σ1 protein) are generally reported to protect against neuronal damage and modulate oligodendrocyte differentiation. Human and rodent lymphocytes possess saturable, high-affinity binding sites for compounds binding to the σ1 protein and potential immunomodulatory properties have been described for σ1 protein ligands. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is recognized as a valuable model of the inflammatory aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we have assessed the role of a σ1 protein agonist, containing the tetrahydroisoquinoline-hydantoin structure, in EAE.", "EAE was induced in SJL/J female mice by active immunization with myelin proteolipid protein (PLP)139-151 peptide. The σ1 protein agonist was injected i.p. at the time of immunization (day 0). Disease severity was assessed clinically and by histopathological evaluation of the CNS. Phenotyping of B-cell subsets and regulatory T-cells were performed by flow cytometry in spleen and cervical lymph nodes.", "Prophylactic treatment of EAE mice with the σ1 protein agonist prevented mononuclear cell accumulation and demyelination in brain and spinal cord and increased T2 B-cells and regulatory T-cells, resulting in an overall reduction in the clinical progression of EAE." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "B-Lymphocytes", "Brain", "Cytokines", "Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental", "Female", "Immunoglobulin G", "Lymph Nodes", "Mice", "Multiple Sclerosis", "Myelin Proteolipid Protein", "Neuroprotective Agents", "Peptide Fragments", "Receptors, sigma", "Spinal Cord", "Spleen", "T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The authors hypothesized that inhalational anesthetics induced cell damage by causing abnormal calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum via excessive activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors, with isoflurane having greater potency than sevoflurane or desflurane.", "The authors treated DT40 chicken B lymphocytes with total IP3 receptor knockout or their corresponding wild-type control cells with equipotent exposure to isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane. The authors then determined the degree of cell damage by counting the percentage of annexin V- or propidium iodide-positively stained cells or measuring caspase-3 activity. They also studied the changes of calcium concentrations in the endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, and mitochondria evoked by equipotent concentrations of isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane in both types of DT40 cells.", "Prolonged use of 2 minimal alveolar concentration sevoflurane or desflurane (24 h) induced significant cell damage only in DT40 wild-type and not in IP3 receptor total knockout cells, but with significantly less potency than isoflurane. In accord, all three inhalational anesthetics induced significant decrease of calcium concentrations in the endoplasmic reticulum, accompanied by a subsequent significant increase in the cytosol and mitochondrial calcium concentrations only in DT40 wild-type and not in IP3 receptor total knockout cells. Isoflurane treatment showed significantly greater potency of effect than sevoflurane or desflurane." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Anesthetics, Inhalation", "Apoptosis", "Calcium", "Calcium Channels", "Caspase 3", "Cell Membrane", "Cell Survival", "Cells, Cultured", "Desflurane", "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "Endoplasmic Reticulum", "Homeostasis", "In Vitro Techniques", "Isoflurane", "Lymphocytes", "Methyl Ethers", "Sevoflurane" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Accumulating evidence has indicated that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), the major ingredients in Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen which could be found widely in Asia, can attenuate atherogenesis in vivo. This study was designed to examine the relationship of PNS with cholesterol ester in foam cells sourced from macrophages and the effect of PNS on the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1).", "Foam cells sourced from macrophages were cultured with PNS. The content of cholesterol ester in foam cells was analyzed and expressions of ABCA1 and liver X receptor α (LXRα) in foam cells were measured by real-time PCR and western blotting methods.", "The results showed that PNS could significantly decrease the level of cholesterol ester in foam cells at middle and high dosages. The real-time PCR and western blotting assays indicated that the expression of ABCA1 was up-regulated by PNS in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis based on these results showed that the cholesterol ester level was negatively correlated with ABCA1 expression." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1", "ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters", "Animals", "Blotting, Western", "Cell Culture Techniques", "Cell Survival", "Cells, Cultured", "Cholesterol Esters", "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "Foam Cells", "Panax notoginseng", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Saponins", "Up-Regulation" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Whole-body vibration (WBV) has become a popular training method in recent years. This study investigated the effect of WBV on the length-tension relationship of the ankle dorsi- and plantarflexors as measured by a Biodex dynamometer (Biodex Medical Systems Inc, Shirley, NY).", "Twenty healthy young adult males participated in this study and were exposed to two treatments. The first treatment (nonvibration) involved passive stretching of the plantarflexors at end range of motion (ROM) for five 1-min bouts. The second treatment involved the same passive stretch with superimposed WBV (frequency = 26 Hz) for five 1-min bouts on a rotary vibration plate (Galileo 900; Novotec, Pforzheim, Germany). Voluntary ROM, peak torque, and corresponding joint angle of the plantar- and dorsiflexors were recorded pre- and posttreatment. Within-treatment (before and after) and between-treatment (WBV and nonvibration) outcomes were assessed by repeated-measures MANOVA.", "No significant changes in the measures of ankle dorsiflexion were found within or between treatments. No significant changes in the measures of ankle plantarflexion were found after the nonvibration treatment. After WBV, however, there was a significant 7.1 degree shift in the angle (P = 0.001) of peak plantarflexor torque production corresponding to a longer muscle length." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Ankle Joint", "Athletic Performance", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Humans", "Male", "Muscle, Skeletal", "Range of Motion, Articular", "Torque", "Vibration", "Young Adult" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Kinase activity of cGMP-dependent, type II, protein kinase (PRKG2) is required for the proliferative to hypertrophic transition of growth plate chondrocytes during endochondral ossification. Loss of PRKG2 function in rodent and bovine models results in dwarfism. The objective of this study was to identify pathways regulated or impacted by PRKG2 loss of function that may be responsible for disproportionate dwarfism at the molecular level.", "Microarray technology was used to compare growth plate cartilage gene expression in dwarf versus unaffected Angus cattle to identify putative downstream targets of PRGK2.", "Pathway enrichment of 1284 transcripts (nominal p < 0.05) was used to identify candidate pathways consistent with the molecular phenotype of disproportionate dwarfism. Analysis with the DAVID pathway suite identified differentially expressed genes that clustered in the MHC, cytochrome B, WNT, and Muc1 pathways. A second analysis with pathway studio software identified differentially expressed genes in a host of pathways (e.g. CREB1, P21, CTNNB1, EGFR, EP300, JUN, P53, RHOA, and SRC). As a proof of concept, we validated the differential expression of five genes regulated by P53, including CEBPA, BRCA1, BUB1, CD58, and VDR by real-time PCR (p < 0.05)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Apoptosis", "Cattle", "Cell Cycle", "Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II", "Gene Expression Profiling", "Gene Ontology", "Growth Plate", "Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Reproducibility of Results", "Software", "Transcription, Genetic", "Tumor Suppressor Protein p53" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Using hearts from marginal donors could be related to increased risk of primary graft dysfunction and poor long-term survival. However, factors associated with delayed myocardial recovery after heart transplantation (HTx) remain unknown. We sought to clarify risk factors that predict early low output after HTx, and investigated whether early low output affects mid-term graft dysfunction.", "We retrospectively analyzed patients who had undergone HTx at The University of Tokyo Hospital. We defined early low output patients as those whose cardiac index (CI) was <2.2 L/min/m(2) despite the use of intravenous inotrope at 1 week after HTx.", "We included 45 consecutive HTx recipients, and classified 11 patients into early low output group, and the others into early preserved output group. We performed univariable logistic analysis and found that donor age was the only significant factor that predicted early low output (odds ratio 1.107, 95% confidence interval 1.034-1.210, p=0.002). CI of early low output patients gradually increased and it caught up with that of early preserved output patients at 2 weeks after HTx (2.4±0.6 L/min/m(2) in early low output group vs 2.5±0.5 L/min/m(2) in early preserved output group, p=0.684). Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide concentration of early low output patients was higher (1118.5±1250.2 pg/ml vs 526.4±399.5 pg/ml; p=0.033) at 1 week, 703.6±518.4 pg/ml vs 464.6±509.0 pg/ml (p=0.033) at 2 weeks, and 387.7±231.9 pg/ml vs 249.4±209.5 pg/ml (p=0.010) at 4 weeks after HTx, and it came down to that of early preserved output patients at 12 weeks after HTx." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adolescent", "Adult", "Age Factors", "Aged", "Cardiac Output, Low", "Child", "Female", "Heart Transplantation", "Humans", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Natriuretic Peptide, Brain", "Retrospective Studies", "Tissue Donors", "Young Adult" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Wide local excision with or without radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy is widely accepted as appropriate management for soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremity. Although survival and local control rates are comparable to amputation, post-operative wound complications (WC) following limb salvage can result in significant morbidity for the patient. Certain risk factors such as location, pre-operative RT, and age have been shown to increase the risk of WCs. Somewhat surprisingly, size has not consistently been shown to impact WC rates. The goal of this study is to assess whether tumor volume, as opposed to the traditional measurement of the largest dimension in one plane, correlates with the development of post-operative WCs.", "Between 2000 and 2013, 81 patients with STS of the proximal lower extremity, buttock and pelvis were retrospectively identified from our prospective database. We reviewed the impact of patient, tumor, and treatment variables on postoperative WC. Predictors for WC were evaluated using the Fisher exact test for univariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Tumor volume was determined using the medical image merge (MIM) (®) software program (version 6.5.4, MIM Software, Cleveland, OH). Tumor size (diameter) was determined the historical way of measuring the widest dimension on the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes from the MRI scan at midplane.", "The overall WC rate within 6 months of tumor resection was 32 %. WC were more likely to occur with larger tumor volumes (p = 0.015), although not with tumor diameters ≥10 cm (p = 0.55). Neither volume of subcutaneous fat (p = 0.34) or depth of the subcutaneous fat layer (p = 0.82) significantly impacted WC rates. Tumor proximity to skin surface also did not significantly impact WC risk (p = 0.73)." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [] }

{ "contexts": [ "We aimed to investigate the association between platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLA) levels on admission and the risk of myocardial no-reflow in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).", "A total of 83 patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI were included in the current study. Platelet-leukocyte conjugates (PLA), including platelet-monocyte aggregates (PMA), platelet-neutrophil aggregates (PNA) and platelet-lymphocyte aggregates were studied by flow cytometry in peripheral venous blood. No-reflow was defined as coronary blood flow grade thrombolysis in myocardial infarction ≤2 or thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 3 and myocardial blush grade ≤2.", "No-reflow was observed in 19 patients (22.9%). Compared with the reflow group, the level of PNA (76.5 ± 13.3) and PMA (90.3 ± 5.2) before PCI no-reflow group was significantly higher than that in normal reflow (P < 0.001). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, PNA (odds ratio [OR] = 1.179; 95% CI: 1.035-1.342; P = 0.013) and PMA (OR = 1.248; 95% CI: 1.040-1.498; P = 0.017) were found to be a significant predictor of no-reflow together with pain to balloon time (OR = 1.022; 95% CI: 1.002-1.041; P = 0.028), estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR = 1.311; 95% CI: 1.009-1.856; P = 0.047) and higher thrombus burden (OR = 0.061; 95% CI: 0.006-0.658; P = 0.021). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that PNA (area under the curve = 0.881; 95% CI: 0.809-0.952; P < 0.001), PMA (area under the curve = 0.794; 95% CI: 0.699-0.889; P < 0.001) have important predictive value for the myocardial no-reflow." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aspirin", "Blood Platelets", "Clopidogrel", "Coronary Angiography", "Coronary Circulation", "Coronary Thrombosis", "Electrocardiography", "Female", "Flow Cytometry", "Humans", "Leukocytes", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Myocardial Infarction", "No-Reflow Phenomenon", "Percutaneous Coronary Intervention", "Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors", "Predictive Value of Tests", "Retrospective Studies", "Ticlopidine" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Matrix metalloproteinases play an important role in the invasion of tumor cells and the progression of cancer. The 72 kDa type IV collagenase, a matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) has been shown to contribute to the invasion and metastasis in diverse malignant neoplasms.", "To elaborate the potential role of MMP-2 in brain tumor invasion we studied the expression and localization of this enzyme protein in 101 brain tumors representing different types of brain neoplasms. For the first time, we also correlated the expression of MMP-2 protein to patient survival.", "Using immunohistochemistry and a monoclonal antibody specific for MMP-2 we found that MMP-2 protein was primarily localized in tumor cells and vasculature cells as well as inflammatory cells. The expression of MMP-2 was absent or negligible in benign tumors (pilocytic astrocytoma and meningioma). Thirty-three percent (6/18) of astrocytomas, 38% (3/8) of anaplastic astrocytomas, 14% (1/7) of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 54% (19/35) of glioblastomas and 100% (6/6) of metastatic brain tumors were positive for MMP-2. A correlation between MMP-2 expression and survival was found in malignant brain tumors. The mean survival of patients with an MMP-2 negative tumor was 36 months, when it was only 7-14 months in patients with an MMP-2 positive tumor." ], "labels": [ "UNLABELLED", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Brain Neoplasms", "Female", "Humans", "Immunohistochemistry", "Male", "Matrix Metalloproteinase 2", "Middle Aged", "Staining and Labeling", "Survival Analysis" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The objective of the study was to investigate whether azacitidine sensitizes platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin and the possible mechanisms involved.", "We tested the in vitro antitumor activity of azacitidine both alone and combined with carboplatin in the ovarian cancer cell line 2008/C13 and Hey by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assays and investigated the potential mechanisms by flow cytometry, terminal transferase deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick-end labeling assay, Western blot, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and promoter methylation-specific PCR.", "Sequential treatment (ie, 24-hour azacitidine pretreatment followed by 48-hour cotreatment with azacitidine and carboplatin) significantly inhibited growth in 2008/C13 and Hey cells. More apoptotic cells were induced in 2008/C13 cells by sequential treatment than by a single drug. Increased cleaved caspase-3 and -8 were seen in 2008/C13 cells after sequential treatment with azacitidine and carboplatin. DR4 was demethylated, and DR4 messenger ribonucleic acid expression was increased in 2008/C13 cells after the 24-hour azacitidine treatment." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Antineoplastic Agents", "Apoptosis", "Azacitidine", "Carboplatin", "Cell Line, Tumor", "Drug Resistance, Neoplasm", "Female", "Humans", "Ovarian Neoplasms" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "While surgical epicardial lead placement is performed in a subset of cardiac resynchronization therapy patients, data comparing survival following surgical versus transvenous lead placement are limited. We hypothesized that surgical procedures would be associated with increased mortality risk.", "Long-term event-free survival was assessed for 480 consecutive patients undergoing surgical (48) or percutaneous (432) left ventricle (LV) lead placement at our institution from January 2000 to September 2008.", "Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics were similar between groups. While there was no statistically significant difference in overall event-free survival (P = 0.13), when analysis was restricted to surgical patients with isolated surgical lead placement (n = 28), event-free survival was significantly lower in surgical patients (P = 0.015). There appeared to be an early risk (first approximately 3 months postimplantation) with surgical lead placement, primarily in LV lead-only patients. Event rates were significantly higher in LV lead-only surgical patients than in transvenous patients in the first 3 months (P = 0.006). In proportional hazards analysis comparing isolated surgical LV lead placement to transvenous lead placement, adjusted hazard ratios were 1.8 ([1.1,2.7] P = 0.02) and 1.3 ([1.0,1.7] P = 0.07) for the first 3 months and for the full duration of follow-up, respectively." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Aged", "Boston", "Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy", "Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices", "Catheterization, Central Venous", "Electrodes, Implanted", "Female", "Heart Failure", "Heart Ventricles", "Humans", "Incidence", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Risk Assessment", "Risk Factors", "Survival Analysis", "Survival Rate", "Treatment Outcome" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables that exerts anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and radio-sensitizing activities. Nonetheless, the mechanism responsible for SFN-induced cell death is not fully understood. In the present study, anti-cancer mechanism of SFN was elucidated in LNCaP prostate cancer cells.", "SFN exerted cytotoxicity and increased TUNEL positive cells in a concentration-dependent manner in LNCaP cells. Proteomics study revealed that levels of nine proteins including tubulin β-2, phosphoglucomutase-3 (PGM3), melanoma-derived leucine zipper containing extra-nuclear factor, activin A type I receptor precursor, smoothelin-A, KIA0073, hypothetical protein LOC57691 and two unnamed proteins were changed over 8 folds in SFN treated LNCaP cells compared to untreated control. We have further confirmed that SFN reduced PGM3 expression with western blotting and showed that PGM3 siRNA enhanced cytotoxicity demonstrated by cell morphology and TUNEL assays in LNCaP cells." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [] }

{ "contexts": [ "Behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with stroke are gaining increasing attention in a field in which recovery of physical function has dominated. A small body of research has begun to suggest that stroke survivors' (SSs') behavioral and psychological symptoms contribute to family caregivers' experiences of emotional distress. The objective of this research was to determine the unique contribution of SS behavioral and psychological symptoms on caregiver emotional distress during the first 2 years poststroke. Method- A longitudinal cohort study was conducted of individuals who have survived their first stroke and their caregivers. Participants completed standardized measures by telephone interviews at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months poststroke. A subsample completed additional assessments 18 and 24 months poststroke. These longitudinal data were analyzed using mixed effects modeling.", "Three hundred ninety-nine SS/caregiver dyads participated. Overall, caregivers reported more emotional distress when caring for SSs exhibiting more depressive symptoms and more cognitive impairment and when caregivers were younger, female, in poorer physical health, experienced more lifestyle interference, and reported less mastery. SSs' physical disability, stroke severity, and comorbidity were not significant. The set of significant predictors remained consistent when examined in the subsample followed for 2 years (except SS cognitive impairment)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Caregivers", "Cohort Studies", "Depression", "Female", "Humans", "Interviews as Topic", "Longitudinal Studies", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Stress, Psychological", "Stroke", "Survivors", "Time Factors" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "To observe the effects of hydrochloride pioglitazone on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) excretion in type 2 diabetics and explore its reno-protective mechanism.", "98 uncontrolled type 2 diabetics with fasting blood glucose (FBG) between 7.0 and 13.0 mmol/L and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)> or =7.0% were assigned randomly into group DP (pioglitazone add-on) and group DS (sulfonylureas add-on). Another 49 healthy individuals were chosen as normal controls (group NC). At the basal and 12th week, FBG, HbA1c, urinary MCP-1, albumin (UALB) and creatinine (UCr) were determined.", "(1) Compared with group NC, all the parameters mentioned above were significantly increased in diabetic groups. (2) Compared with pre-treatment, FBG, HbA1c and urinary MCP-1/UCr ratio (UMCR) were obviously decreased in both therapy groups; systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and UALB/UCr ratio (UACR) decreased markedly in group DP (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while slightly in group DS (P>0.05). (3) FBG and HbA1c had no marked difference between group DP and group DS after treatment, however, SBP, DBP, UACR and UMCR in group DP were significantly lower than those in group DS (P<0.05 or P<0.01)." ], "labels": [ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Adult", "Aged", "Chemokine CCL2", "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2", "Diabetic Nephropathies", "Female", "Glycated Hemoglobin A", "Humans", "Hypoglycemic Agents", "Male", "Middle Aged", "Pioglitazone", "Thiazolidinediones", "Treatment Outcome" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "Most tympanic membrane (TM) perforations heal spontaneously, but approximately 10-20% remain open as chronic TM perforations. Chronic perforations can lead to an impaired hearing ability and recurrent middle ear infections. Traditionally, these perforations must be surgically closed, which is costly and time consuming. Therefore, there is a need for simpler therapeutic strategies. Previous studies by us have shown that plasminogen (plg) is a potent pro-inflammatory regulator that accelerates cutaneous wound healing in mice. We have also shown that the healing of TM perforations is completely arrested in plg-deficient (plg(-/-)) mice and that these mice develop chronic TM perforations. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of local plg injection in acute and chronic TM perforation mice models.", "Plg(-/-) mice and wild-type mice were subjected to standardized TM perforations followed by local injection of plg into the soft tissue surrounding the TM. TM perforations with chronic characteristics were induced by leaving TM perforations in plg(-/-) mice untreated for 9 days before treatment. The healing process was observed through otomicroscope and finally confirmed by immunostaining. The quality of TM healing was evaluated based on the morphology of the TM.", "Daily local injections of plg into the soft tissue surrounding the TM restored the ability to heal TM perforations in plg-/- mice in a dose-dependent manner, and potentiated the healing rate and quality in wild-type mice. A single local injection of plg initiated the healing of the chronic-like TM perforations in these mice, resulting in a closed TM with a continuous but rather thick outer keratinocyte layer. However, three plg injections led to a completely healed TM with a thin keratinizing squamous epithelium covering a connective tissue layer." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Chronic Disease", "Dose-Response Relationship, Drug", "Immunohistochemistry", "Injections, Intraperitoneal", "Injections, Subcutaneous", "Keratins", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "Plasminogen", "Tympanic Membrane Perforation", "Wound Healing" ] }

{ "contexts": [ "The vasoprotective effects of estrogen are mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs). ERs are transcription factors that require coactivators to exert transcriptional activity. The steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3, also known as pCIP, AIB1, ACTR, and TRAM-1) interacts with estrogen-bound ERs and strongly coactivates the transcription of target genes in cultured cells. This study has characterized the expression of SRC-3 in cardiovascular tissue and the role of SRC-3 in estrogen-dependent vasoprotection from vascular injury.", "Phenotypically normal SRC-3(+/-) mice with a knock-in LacZ reporter were used to characterize SRC-3 expression by X-gal staining within the cardiovascular system. Staining signals were specifically detected in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells but not in myocardial cells. The role of SRC-3 during vascular remodeling was analyzed using a unilateral carotid ligation model. The extent of neointima formation in SRC-3(-/-) mice was significantly higher than in wild-type mice, and this difference was diminished after depletion of estrogen by ovariectomy. After ovariectomy, neointimal growth in wild-type mice was almost completely inhibited by estrogen treatment but only partially inhibited in SRC-3(-/-) mice. Furthermore, estrogen treatment resulted in reduced inhibition of intimal cell proliferation in SRC-3(-/-) mice." ], "labels": [ "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS" ], "meshes": [ "Animals", "Apoptosis", "Carotid Artery Injuries", "Cell Count", "Cell Division", "Disease Models, Animal", "Disease Progression", "Endothelium, Vascular", "Estradiol", "Estrogens", "Female", "Gene Expression", "Gene Targeting", "Histone Acetyltransferases", "Immunohistochemistry", "Ligation", "Mice", "Mice, Inbred Strains", "Mice, Knockout", "Mice, Mutant Strains", "Muscle, Smooth, Vascular", "Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3", "Ovariectomy", "Trans-Activators", "Tunica Intima" ] }