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73763673

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20L.%20Breckinridge

William L. Breckinridge

William Lewis Breckinridge (July 22, 1803 – December 26, 1876) was an American pastor and educator. The son of Senator John Breckinridge, he was born near Lexington, Kentucky, and attended college at Transylvania University. Early in his career, he became an emancipationist, and he entered academia in 1831 when he began teaching ancient languages at Centre College in Danville, Kentucky. He was pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Louisville, Kentucky, from 1836 to 1858, and was moderator of the 1859 Presbyterian Church (Old School) General Assembly. He was president of Oakland College near Rodney, Mississippi, for one year prior to the outbreak of the Civil War, and afterwards he spent five years as president of Centre College. Early life and education William Lewis Breckinridge, a member of the prominent Breckinridge family, was born on July 22, 1803, near Lexington, Kentucky. He was the eighth child of John Breckinridge and Mary Hopkins Cabell; John was a sitting U.S. senator at the time of William's birth and later became U.S. attorney general. William joined his family's church at the age of 15, and he attended Transylvania University in Lexington. Career Pastor, emancipationist, and teacher In the early to mid-1820s, Breckinridge and several of his brothers became vocal proponents of antislavery, aligning themselves in the minority; the abolitionist James G. Birney wrote that the men "had disqualified themselves from political usefulness" as a result. In 1849, Breckinridge was among the attendees to the Friends of Emancipation state convention, held in Frankfort, along with his brother Robert, Cassius Marcellus Clay, John C. Young, and Walter Newman Haldeman. He attended a meeting of the American Colonization Society in Louisville the same year, where he gave an address and was a part of a committee which advocated revision of the meeting's resolutions because they did not specifically include provisions for colonization. After the revised resolution passed, he spoke for an hour in favor of the cause of emancipation. Additionally, he was successful in convincing The Louisville Democrat to publish opinions in support of abolitionism; this was the first time the newspaper had done so. He was active in his advocacy against slavery as well and spoke in Shelbyville, Lexington, Brunerstown, Jeffersontown, and Louisville throughout 1849, the last of which was a debate against the lawyer William Christian Bullitt. Breckinridge was appointed to teach ancient languages at Centre College in Danville, Kentucky, in 1831. He held this post for five years before taking a position in the ministry when he was made pastor of First Presbyterian Church in Louisville, Kentucky, beginning January 2, 1836. The use of a pipe organ in his church was considered controversial by some, including his brother Robert, who threatened to leave the state because he thought such an instrument was "frivolous". His tenure leading the church included a relocation which was completed within his first several years there; the new building was dedicated on July 21, 1839, with a service which he led, focused on Psalm 48. In 1853, he and Robert were elected to the first board of trustees of the Danville Theological Seminary. He held the pastorate in Louisville until health problems forced his resignation in 1858; he briefly preached at several churches in Woodford County, Kentucky, in the following months. Breckinridge was elected moderator of the Presbyterian Church (Old School) General Assembly in 1859, when it was held in Indianapolis. There, he oversaw the selection of a new site for what would become the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the Northwest, at the time located in New Albany, Indiana; Indianapolis and Chicago were the candidate cities and the latter was ultimately selected due in part to a $100,000 (equivalent to $ million in ) donation from Cyrus McCormick and allowance for the use of 45 acres of land from a separate group. Breckinridge was nominated as a candidate for a teaching position at the new seminary but lost that election to N. L. Rice; he was subsequently elected to a teaching job at the Danville Theological Seminary in Danville, Kentucky, though he declined. College president In 1860, Breckinridge returned to academia when he accepted a position as president of Oakland College near Rodney, Mississippi, succeeding Rev. James Purviance. His presidency at Oakland was short-lived, as the breakout of the Civil War prompted the college's temporary closure. After the war, the school reopened with Rev. John Calvin at the helm, though he died shortly thereafter and Oakland was unable to return to its pre-war state; it closed in 1871 and was sold to the state of Mississippi. Breckinridge began his term as president of Centre College on October 15, 1863. He delivered his inaugural address, entitled A Christian College: Its Instruction and Its Government, on October 14, 1864. Inheriting the presidency during the Civil War and with family members on either side of the conflict, he aligned himself with centrist views and attempted to welcome students from both sides to the school. The war had noticeable effects on the college and its enrollment: 92 students attended Centre during the academic year following the war's conclusion and that number had dropped to 43 students some two years later. The graduating classes while he was in office ranged from seven to thirteen students. Additionally, the cost of tuition increased for the first time since 1830 when it was changed from $33 () to $50 () per year. Centre remained open throughout the duration of the war but suffered nonetheless, as did the town; Confederate guerilla outlaws William Quantrill and Frank James led a stint of violence in Danville in January 1865 that included the destruction of the city bookstore and telegraph office, as well as the robbery of numerous citizens at gunpoint. Breckinridge resigned as president of Centre College on October 16, 1868. The resignation took effect the following month and he returned to his farm in Missouri to resume preaching. Personal life and death Breckinridge married Frances Prevost, granddaughter of Samuel Stanhope Smith; after she died, he remarried to Sarah A. Garnett, a widow. He had twelve children, eight of whom survived to adulthood. He died in Cass County, Missouri, on December 26, 1876. He was buried at Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville, Kentucky. References Bibliography 1803 births 1876 deaths 19th-century American clergy 19th-century American educators American Presbyterian ministers Burials at Cave Hill Cemetery Centre College faculty Transylvania University alumni People from Lexington, Kentucky Presidents of Centre College Breckinridge family Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary people

11108071

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska%20Wildlife%20Alliance

Alaska Wildlife Alliance

The Alaska Wildlife Alliance (AWA) is a non-profit organization that was founded in 1978 in Anchorage, Alaska. It has dedicated its efforts and funds to protect Alaskan wildlife for its intrinsic value and to benefit the present and future generations. With the initial goal to identify, research and monitor issues affecting marine mammals and endangered species, increase public understanding of environmental issues, and develop programs to aid in the protection of marine mammals and other endangered species, AWA has expanded its focus to monitoring and influencing state wildlife management policies. AWA has also earned notoriety through its efforts to curtail aerial wolf hunting, restrict predator control programs, and protect and restore Alaska's endangered species. They also support ethical hunting and fair chase concepts, believing that the practices of unethical hunting and not allowing fair chase both jeopardizes future hunting opportunities and degrades Alaska's wildlife population. AWA published quarterly magazines called The Spirit, later renamed Echoes. These Quarterlies published articles from all over Alaska. Currently, AWA develops monthly newsletters, action alerts, and Wildlife Wednesday programming. Mission AWA advocates for the ethical and scientific management of ecosystems, allowing them to thrive in biodiversity. They promote: Sustainable population of all wildlife species in Alaska, including wolves, bears, moose, and caribou Balanced wildlife management, based on sound science and strong ethical/fair chase standards Expansion of sustainable and diverse wildlife viewing opportunities Protection and recovery of Alaska's endangered species Healthy coexistence between wildlife and humans in urban and rural communities Preservation of important wildlife habitat through Alaska Educational programs with a focus on preserving Alaska's wildlife and wild places Projects AWA actively pursues the creation and implementation of their goals as an organization through various projects. Currently, they have three main goals: ensure scientifically sound and humane wildlife management, develop a novel climate change adaptation program, and inform Alaska's citizenry to speak up for wildlife. Shifting the Wildlife Paradigm AWA seeks to have a regular presence, build strategic alliances, publish position papers, and facilitate alternative and inclusive governance models. Coordinating Responses to Threats AWA actively seeks relief from policies that impact wildlife while also conducting regulatory analyses to determine management trends. They also submit public comments and fact sheets with the goal to hold agencies accountable for decisions made on unrealistic assumptions. Informing Alaskan Public Policy to Recognize Climate Change AWA advocates for climate change models to be considered in all state wildlife management policies while also seeking to educate decision makers on the impacts of climate change. Collaboratively Develop Innovative Climate Adaptation Plans Across Alaska that are Founded in Ecosystem Management AWA aims to promote decision frameworks that demand ecosystem and landscape-scaled context, promote field experiments to validate modeled ecological trajectories, and build alliances to facilitate the development of pilot studies that demonstrate climate change adaptation approaches. Build a Network of Informed Alaskans AWA constantly seeks to expand their membership, educate Alaskans, develop and promote citizen science opportunities, and increase coexistence efforts. Programs AWA currently focuses its efforts on several programs designed to bring awareness to the preservation of Alaska's wilderness. Voices for Wildlife Through this program, AWA aims to give a voice to wildlife through promoting ethical management practices, encouraging public participation in wildlife management policies, establish fair representation on the Alaska Board of Game, and speaking up to protect habitats. Their goal with Voices for Wildlife is to sustainably manage Alaska's wildlife for present and future generations to enjoy. Education and Outreach AWA believes that it is important to educate communities across Alaska on the many wildlife issues. Through education, they want to make communities better equipped to enjoy and protect the wildlife around them. AWA hosts a free presentation in both Anchorage and Juneau called Wildlife Wednesdays; a presentation that features a different wildlife topic presented by a wildlife expert every week. AWA also develops partnerships with other programs that allow its members to participate in a scientific study of Alaska's wildlife, a program they call Citizen Science Programs. Conservation Coalitions AWA is constantly looking to partner with other conservation and wildlife organizations. They believe that there is strength and numbers, and because of this they push to build a community that can stand together to make change. Denali Wolf Documentary Teaming up with filmmaker Ramey Newell, AWA aims to shed light on the ongoing controversy surrounding the hunting and trapping of wolves at the boundary of Denali National Park. This film will also explore the often misconstrued complexities and difficulties of balancing human interests on public lands, an issue constantly effecting widespread United States. History of Litigation 2017 - Alaska v. Zinke 2010 - West v. State Board of Game 2004 - Alaska Center for Environment v. Rue 2003 - Alaska Wildlife Alliance v. State 2001 - National Parks and Conservation Ass'n v. Babbitt 1999 - Brooks v. Wright 1999 - Alaska Center for Environment v. US Forest Service 1999 - Alaska State Snowmobile Ass'n V. Babbitt 1997 - Alaska Wildlife Alliance v. Rue 1997 - Alaska Wildlife Alliance v. Jensen 1997 - Alaska Center for Environment v. Armbrister 1992 - Didrickson v. US Dept. of Interior References External links 1978 establishments in Alaska Environmental organizations based in Alaska Non-profit organizations based in Anchorage, Alaska

31189988

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiro%20Saigo

Shiro Saigo

was one of the earliest disciples of Judo. Saigo, together with Tsunejiro Tomita, became first in history of judo to be awarded Shodan by the founder of judo Jigoro Kano, who established the kyu-dan ranking system. He was one of the Kōdōkan Shitennō or Four Guardians of the Kodokan along with Yoshitsugu Yamashita, Sakujiro Yokoyama, and Tsunejiro Tomita. Biography Early life Shiro Saigo was born on Feb 4, 1866 in Aizuwakamatsu, in the Fukushima Prefecture of Japan, the third son of a samurai, Shida Sadajiro. During his childhood, he trained in the fighting style of the Aizu clan, called oshikiuchi.In 1882, Saigo moved to Tokyo and in August of that year, he enrolled at the Kōdōkan, becoming Jigoro Kano's second student. In 1883, along with Tsunejiro Tomita, he became one of the first two to be awarded yudansha rank in any martial art. The very day of their graduation, he would take up the dojoyaburi challenge of Sakujiro Yokoyama, a much heavier jujutsuka, and defeated him, which moved Yokoyama to join the school as well. A man of extreme agility, Shiro was known for the nickname of "Cat" due to his skill to land on his feet when thrown, a skill he had observed in actual cats and that he trained by jumping off the second floor of a building. He was also known as "Octopus Feet" for his ability to avoid losing his footing. He developed a personal technique called "yama arashi", possibly related to the modern judo technique of the same name, though according to Tsunejiro Tomita it was lost after his death. Judo challenges Saigō was responsible for an early surge of popularity for Kodokan Judo, when he demonstrated its superiority by easily defeating a much larger opponent: Similarly, Saigō fought on behalf of Kodokan in 1884, when three fighters of the Yōshin-ryū jūjutsu school named Matsugoro Okuda, Daihachi Ichikawa and Morikichi Otake came to challenge their members. As Kano was out at the moment, they only found Shiro and his colleagues Yokoyama and Tsunejiro Tomita, but those decided to answer the challenge by themselves. Shiro defeated Okuda, throwing him down thrice before finishing him out with his yama arashi. Okuda suffered a concussion and had to be stretchered out. Kano was not pleased with their behavior when he found out, thinking they had shown themselves too eager to fight, but anyway their victories helped to increase Kodokan's renown in Japan. Saigō also took part in the Kodokan-Totsuka rivalry, participating in the tournament between Kōdōkan and the Totsuka branch of Yōshin-ryū hosted by chief inspector Michitsune Mishima. Shiro was sorted to fight Entaro Kochi, a much larger jujutsuka. The size difference was such that it was reported to look like a match between a child and an adult. Controlling the match, Kochi tried to throw him with harai goshi and uchi mata, but Saigō slipped out and landed on his feet every time, making Entaro increasingly tired. Saigō then tried to capitalize on with tomoe nage, which Entaro blocked and tried to come back with an osoto gari with no success. Finally, at around 15 minutes an exhausted Entaro left himself open, and the judoka managed to execute his yama arashi. Although his head hit the ground, Entaro got up again, after which Saigo scored another yama arashi, breaking Kochi's shoulder and forcing him to give up the match. The Kōdōkan won most of the matches that day, and the rival school's master Hidemi Totsuka was forced to praise Saigō, saying to Kano "you really have a wonderful student." Following this victory, the Governor of Chiba Prefecture Mamoru Funakoshi personally travelled to the Kōdōkan dojo to attend a lecture in judo methods accompanied by the leading men of the Totsuka Yōshin-ryū, among them Hidemi Totsuka and Teisuke Nishimura. After seeing Saigō perform a demonstration of randori, Totsuka increased his praises, stating "the 'genius' word might have been created for someone like Shiro Saigō." Saigō also fought against Shusaburo Sano, a Totsuka jujutsuka who was supposedly strong enough to bend iron rods with his arms and shatter thick boards with his fists. Sano outweighed Shiro by 30 kg and had trained specifically to counter his yama arashi technique. Indeed, he countered it, throwing Saigō down and pinning him with his weight, but the judoka escaped and applied ude-gatame, making the jujutsuka surrender. Departure from Kodokan In 1890, Saigō was forced to leave the Kōdōkan due to his involvement in a street brawl. According to sources, a drunken Shiro challenged a sumotori named Araumi, knocking him out with a throw. However, after the throw Araumi would have bitten Saigo's leg, which caused a brawl between Shiro's entourage of judoka and Araumi's sumo stable. Saigo also attacked many policemen who attempted to break it up, injuring some of them and even throwing some others into a nearby river, which got him in jail until Kano could get him out. He retired to Nagasaki, devoting the rest of his life to kyūdō. As a sign of pardon, however, Kano conceded him the 6th dan after his death. The main character in Akira Kurosawa's 1943 directorial debut, Sugata Sanshirō, was based on Shiro Saigo, the film being based on the novel of the same name written by Tsunejiro Tomita's son, Tsuneo. References Bibliography External links Shiro Saigo, Judo's secret weapon? Japanese male judoka 1922 deaths 1866 births

62636641

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteo%20Marangoni

Matteo Marangoni

Matteo Marangoni (12 July 1876 – 1 June 1958) was an Italian art historian, art critic and composer. Marangoni's art criticism aimed at identifying pure figurative values, in which an artwork's poetic values are identified. His books are positively influenced by the school of Benedetto Croce and Heinrich Wölfflin, clarifying their concepts on the basis of observation and following logic as a science of pure concept. Life Born in Florence, Italy, to Maria Augusta Malvisi and her physics-teacher husband Carlo Marangoni, he took his secondary school diploma in 1896 but did not continue with his studies straight away, instead moving to London to indulge his passion for music. There he performed as a pianist and composed short pieces for voice and piano – Barcarola in 1897, Serenata in 1900, Le pastorelle montanine di Franco Sacchetti in 1901, Tre canti di Giacomo Leopardi in 1902 and Gavotta, also in 1902. He later returned to Florence and attended the Facoltà di scienze, graduating in 1905 in anthropology. He then moved to Paris and back to London as well as travelling in Germany, becoming interested in the figurative arts. On his second return to Italy in 1909 he took an art history course in Bologna and in 1910 married Drusilla Tanzi, with whom he had a son, Andrea. In the same year as his marriage he became a volunteer at the Superintendency of Arts in Florence, later becoming its inspector (1913) and director. He also taught art history at the Collegio della SS. Annunziata on Poggio Imperiale from 1916 to 1925 and was briefly director of the Pinacoteca di Brera (1920) and the Galleria nazionale di Parma (1924). During this period he became particularly interested in 17th century art, publishing several articles on that era in the "L'Arte", "Bollettino d'arte", "Dedalo", "Rassegna d'arte", "Rivista d'arte" and "Vita d'Arte" arts reviews. In 1925 the University of Palermo commissioned an art history course from him and the following year became a visiting lecturer at the University of Pisa. In 1927 he published Arte barocca (Baroque Art) and Come si guarda un quadro (How to look at a picture), followed in 1933 by Saper vedere (Knowing how to look). From 1938 he taught art history at the University of Milan, returning to Pisa from 1946 until his retirement in 1951. In 1953 he published Capire la musica (How to understand music), spending his final years in Pisa, where he also died and where a street is named after him. His last work, a monograph on Guercino, was published in the year after his death. Works Il Guercino, Firenze, Fratelli Alinari, 1920 Il Caravaggio, Firenze, Battistelli, 1922 La Basilica di S. Lorenzo in Firenze, Firenze, Battistelli, 1922 La Villa del Poggio Imperiale, Firenze, Fratelli Alinari, 1923 I Carloni, Firenze, Fratelli Alinari, 1925 La Galleria Pitti, Milano, Fratelli Treves, 1926 Arte barocca, Firenze, Vallecchi, 1927 Come si guarda un quadro, Firenze, Vallecchi, 1927 Saper vedere, Milano-Roma, Fratelli Treves, Treccani, Tumminelli, 1933 Capire la musica, Milano, Garzanti, 1953 Guercino, Milano, Aldo Martello, 1959 Carteggi (1909–1958), a cura di Luca Barreca, Palermo, Editrice Mediterranea, 2006 References Italian male pianists Italian anthropologists Musicians from Florence Italian essayists Male essayists 19th-century Italian composers 20th-century Italian composers 1876 births 1958 deaths Academic staff of the University of Pisa Academic staff of the University of Palermo Academic staff of the University of Milan Italian art critics Italian art historians Italian male non-fiction writers Writers from Florence 19th-century Italian male musicians 20th-century Italian male musicians

30611497

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Rakovsk%C3%BD

Martin Rakovský

The native form of this personal name is Rakovszky Márton. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals. Martin Rakovský (, ; c. 1535 – 28 September 1579) was a Renaissance-era Hungarian poet and humanist scholar during the mid-16th century. Life He was born around the year 1535 in the village of Rakouch (Rakovo), in Turóc County, which is now in the Martin District of the Žilina Region in Slovakia. Before 1554, he studied at the school in Körmöczbánya/Kremnitz, now Kremnica. Thereafter, he moved on to Bártfa/Bártfeld, now Bardejov, where he studied with noted humanist Leonard Stöckel, and later Brassó/Kronstadt, now Brașov before spending 1555–56 at the University of Wittenberg studying under Philip Melanchthon, an associate of Martin Luther. In 1556, Rakovský studied in Prague briefly before returning to Wittenberg to earn his master's degree, which he did in 1558. During his time of education, he served in northern Bohemia as rector of the schools in Žatec in 1556 and then at Louny from 1557–1559. Between 1559–1569, Rakovszky served as a clark of the Royal Chamber of Hungary in Pozsony, Pressburg in German, now Bratislava, which was the capital of Royal Hungary at that time as the country's historical capital Buda (now part of Budapest) was occupied by the Ottoman Turks in 1541. During Turkish incursions into the region during the late 1560s, Rakovszky stayed at the mansion in Turóckelemenfalva, now Kaľamenová where he participated in defending his family's property against the Turks in 1569. Rakovszky died suddenly on a visit to his brother Miklós's house in Kutná Hora in 1579. Historical context and family The Rakovszky family name went through a number of variations over the years, including: de Rakouch, Rakouczky, Rakoczy, Rakovsky, Rakovszky. All of which are found in the "Royal books" (Liber Regis). His ancestor László de Chernek was in the entourage of the Hungarian king Béla IV in the battle of Muhi against the Tartars/Mongols in 1242. For his and his brother's (Márton de Chernek, a royal chaplain) loyalty they were given estates at Zanasan in Turócz, while still retaining some south-east of lake Balaton. (Documents from 127x). Work He was one of the most accomplished and widely known humanist scholars of the 16th century, with some of his work gaining notice in a larger European context. During his studies in Wittenberg, he published a verse translation of the astronomy textbook Procli sphaera. Upon arrival in Prague, he soon became part of the humanistic scholarship ring of Jan, Elder of Hodějov. Elder Jan influenced Rakovský's poems in his work Elegiae et epigrammata (1556), which mostly included hymns and poems written in honor of prominent personalities of the then current Czech life. Rakovszky further developed his poetry by focusing on humanistic civil and political poetry during his time in Loun. The city of Prague is celebrated in his work Boiemicae Lunae Descriptio Urbis (1558) wherein there are hymns dedicated to the city and its character, prayer, speech and exercises, as well as other incidental poems. After arriving in Pozsony (now Bratislava, a name invented much after his death), Rakovszky wrote Libellus de partibus reipublicae et causis mutationum regnorum imperiorumque, a civil and political commentary dedicated to Emperor Maximilian II. This work analyzed the social strata in the country and indicated its place and function in society. Some of his works 1556 – Elegiae et epigrammata, a collection of epigrams and elegies 1563 – Palusus, a poem celebrating the coronation of King Maximilian 1574 – De magistratu politico, the author's most important work. Originally there were to have been nine volumes, but ultimately only three were written. External links http://www.rakovszky.eu the homepage of the ancient Hungarian noble family Rakovszky de Nagyrákó. http://www.rakovszky.eu/default_Dev.shtml?id=LiL3SMarton16c1 http://mek.niif.hu/03600/03630/html/ http://zlatyfond.sme.sk/autor/103/Martin-Rakovsky http://mek.oszk.hu/03600/03630/html/r/r21130.htm https://www.myheritage.de/research/collection-10182/biographical-summaries-of-notable-people?itemId=1703716&action=showRecord Hungarian male poets Marton 1535 births 1579 deaths 16th-century Hungarian poets Hungarian nobility Slovak nobility

56230954

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa%20Gra%C3%B1a%20Garland

Rosa Graña Garland

Rosa Graña Garland, known during her lifetime as Mocha Graña (1 March 1909 – 27 June 2003) was a noted Peruvian fashion designer and costumer. Known as the first fashion designer of Peru, she designed wedding gowns, school uniforms and theatrical costumes. She was awarded Peru's second highest honor, on her ninetieth birthday. Early life Rosa Angélica Graña Garland was born on 1 March 1909 in Lima, Peru to Enriqueta Garland and Francisco Graña Reyes. As a child, she cut her own hair, leaving her head bare, and earned the nickname "Mocha" (which is slang for head). Her father was a distinguished surgeon, who had performed brain surgery in 1953 using an ancient Incan technique, and was at one time the president of the International College of Surgeons. She was one of seven siblings, which included Francisco Graña Garland, the editor of , who was murdered in 1947. Though mostly raised in Lima, the family traveled widely, and lived in exile for five years (1930–1935) in Panama after the coup d'état toppled President Augusto B. Leguía, under whose regime Francisco had served as vice president of the Peruvian Congress. After her time in Panama, Graña lived briefly in Spain before returning to Peru. Career In 1938, Graña co-founded the Association of Amateur Artists, along with Elvira Miró Quesada and Corina Garland. Though she could not act, she participated in dancing and sang in the choir, but began to work behind the scenes, cleaning the theater and developing costumes for the performers. She particularly enjoyed ballet and encouraged Alicia Alonso, Dimitri Rostoff, and Oleg Tupine to come to Peru to perform, pressing for the formation of a Peruvian ballet. She also was a supporter and coordinator of Lima's Ancón Festival () and designed costumes for the 1969 Hispanoamerican Festival of Song and Dance, held in Argentina, featuring the Peruvian musical ensemble Perú Negro. Both Graña and Perú Negro were brought in to the Argentinian festival by Chabuca Granda, who had dedicated her waltz Señora y dueña to Graña in 1960. Graña was self-taught in fashion design and opened a workshop in downtown Lima, catering to sophisticated, cosmopolitan tastes for bridal and evening wear. At the time, there were few boutiques or department stores in Lima and Graña, developed her ideas by draping fabric on her customers following their body lines. She never used patterns, and was a poor at drawing, but was able to communicate what she envisioned to her seamstresses. In the mid-1950s, she located her store, called Rose Bercis in the Miraflores District, employing thirty seamstresses. She organized annual fashion shows at the Gran Hotel Bolivar, catering to her exclusive clients, like First Lady of Peru, . In 1967, the Peruvian government began to explore a mandatory school uniform, trying several different designs between 1967 and 1970. Graña was consulted and she proposed a gray material for the girls' jumper or pinafore, with a single box-pleat in the center of the skirt front and straps which formed an H in the front and crossed in the back. Boys' trousers were the same gray and had no front folds or pleats, though elementary boys pants were knee-length, while upperclassmen wore ankle-length trousers. All uniforms included a white, short-sleeved, poplin shirt and were worn with gray socks, which for girls came to the knee. For winter attire, a gray sweater with a v-neck and long sleeves was added. She chose the fabrics based on their durability and colour fastness, though public sentiment did not always like the "rat gray" uniform. Government decree implemented on 30 November 1970, made the standardized uniform mandatory for all students for the next thirty years. In the 1970s, Graña was in charge of costuming for the Teatro Nacional Popular as well as the National Ballet. In addition to advising the Museum of the Nation on Peruvian style and culture, she continued staging fashion shows, such as her One Hundred Years of Clothing in Peru, which she coordinated in 1999. That same year, Graña was awarded with the Order of Merit for Distinguished Services by Minister . In 2003, shortly before her death, she was honored by the Metropolitan Council of Lima for International Women's Day. Death and legacy She died after being hospitalized at the in Lima on 27 June 2003. In the Barranco District of Lima, the Teatro Mocha Graña was named in her honor. References Citations Bibliography 1909 births 2003 deaths People from Lima Peruvian artists Peruvian designers Costume designers

21765661

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian%20Bayer

Maximilian Bayer

Maximilian Bayer (11 May 1872 in Karlsruhe – 25 October 1917 in Nomeny) was the founder of Scouting in Germany, along with Alexander Lion. During World War I, he built the 27th Royal Prussian Jäger Battalion, later the core of the Finnish Army. Life Bayer was the first of two children born to Major General Stephan Bayer (1816–1893) and his second wife, Julie Henoch (1839–1888). During his early life the family moved often between Italy and Germany, living in Pisa, Florence, Bagni di Lucca, Viareggio, Baden-Baden and Gotha. While living in Baden-Baden, the nine-year-old Bayer suffered from a severe case of diphtheria of the eye. The family moved to Italy again between 1883 and 1886, and it was during this time living in Capri and Venice that he became familiar with Italian language and culture. In 1887, at the age of 14, he continued his family's military tradition by enrolling as a cadet in a Berlin military academy. His mother died the next year. Bayer graduated from the school – the main military academy for the Prussian army – as a second lieutenant in 1891. Bayer continued his career in the Prussian army and volunteered during the Herero Wars in German South-West Africa in 1904. He returned to Germany in 1905 after contracting typhoid fever and experiencing heart troubles. Upon his recovery, he embarked on a popular lecture tour in Germany on the topic of the colonial war in Africa. He also published several books about his experiences under the pseudonym "Jonk Steffen." Bayer was killed by a sniper during World War I on Germany's Western Front. His remains were not identified until 6 months later and he was originally buried in the soldier's cemetery in Metz. In 1926, Bayer's remains were moved to his family's burial place in the main cemetery in Mannheim. Founding of the German Scouting movement In late 1908, Bayer met Alexander Lion at a meeting of the German Colonial Society. Lion had served as a medical officer during the war in German South-West Africa. At the time, Lion had been in correspondence with Lord Baden-Powell, the founder of the worldwide Scouting movement, and was devoting much of his free time to the establishment of Scouting in Germany. Bayer agreed to work with Lion to edit and publish a German translation of Baden-Powell's "Scouting for Boys." The book was first published as "Das Pfadfinderbuch" (The Scout Book) in May 1909. On 20 January 1909, the first German Scout troop, "Jugendsport in Wald und Feld" (Youth Sport in Woods and Fields) was formed in Berlin. Its first chairman was the well respected General Counsel Georg Baschwitz. Bayer was elected to the board. There was much opposition to the organization, however. Lion, Bayer, and their colleagues were faced with opposition from military, civilian, and church leaders, who objected to Scouting on the grounds that it was anti-patriotic. Opponents observed that Scouting originated in England, which was one of Germany's greatest political rivals at the time. A wave of attacks in the press followed shortly thereafter, in March 1909, and the founders of the organization faced social exclusion over their participation in Scouting. As a result of these pressures, Bayer resigned from the organization in May of that same year and his name was removed from the title page of later editions of "Das Pfadfinderbuch". However, Bayer had contributed much essential material to the book, including the sections on nature, Scouting techniques, and patriotism. When the German Scout Association (DPB) was founded in 1911, Bayer was elected "First Reich Field Master," a post which he would hold until his death. He also took an unpaid leave that year due to ongoing heart problems and to devote himself to the design of the German Scouting movement. In May, the second edition of the Scout Book was published. This version, which again featured Bayer's name on the title page, was a completely revised edition. In an attempt to find compromise with Scouting's many critics, it distanced itself from much of Baden-Powell's original thought. The book was to become the model for the first German Scouts. In the spring of 1912 Emmerich Teuber, founder of the Vienna Boy Scouts Corps, visited Bayer in Berlin. Teuber was disappointed, however, that Bayer's efforts to establish Scouting in Germany had been met by such massive resistance. It appeared that the only viable compromise would be a unilateral pre-military youth training. Between October and November 1912, Bayer, Lion and Carl Freiherr von Seckendorff were subject to attack from General Alban von Jacobi, who accused them of, amongst other things, lacking in support for their country, King and religion. Jacobi created an anti-Semitic cartoon lampooning Lion, playing on Lion's Jewish birth, changing "Jungensport in Feld und Wald" (youth sports in field and forest) to "Judensport in Wald und Feld" (Jews' sports in forest and field), and calling Scouting supporter General Baschwitz a "vain Jewish man". In February 1912, Bayer, Lion, and von Seckendorff assisted Elise von Hopffgarten in authoring "Pfadfinderbuch für junge Mädchen" (A Scout Book for Girls). In its effort to make young women more independent, it was free from patriotic or religious sentiment, and contained references to the women's movement. References 1872 births 1917 deaths Scouting and Guiding in Germany German Army personnel of World War I German military personnel killed in World War I Deaths by firearm in France Military personnel from Karlsruhe People from the Grand Duchy of Baden Schutztruppe personnel Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class

27895183

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Sonnenberg

Benjamin Sonnenberg

Benjamin Sonnenberg (July 12, 1901 – September 6, 1978) was a Russian Empire-born American public relations consultant who represented celebrities and major corporations. He was best known for the lavish entertaining he hosted for clients and other notables at his Manhattan townhouse located at 19 Gramercy Park South. Background Sonnenberg was born in Brest-Litovsk, Russian Empire. He began his life living in poverty in a small wooden hut. Because of this poverty, his family emigrated to the United States with his family in 1910 to Lower East Side, Manhattan, New York City. Sonnenberg attended Public School No.62 and then DeWitt Clinton High School. He took part in drama and dance at Henry Street Settlement, where his mother was a cleaning lady. Miss Wald, the director, was very impressed with Ben. At the age of 16, she offered him a job as the leader of the boy's club, and in turn allowed him to continue his schooling and live at the settlement house. Two years later, Miss Wald helped him get a scholarship to study at Columbia College. He got a job covering Columbia University sports for the Brooklyn Eagle. This helped his writing skills to become a publicist. He married Hilda Kaplan in March 1924. Brendan Gill, a close friend of Sonnenberg claimed, "Ben wanted to be remembered as he was in his prime." His will was written on December 7, 1977 after he learned he was terminally ill with throat cancer. The will directed his executors of this estate to destroy all his files and papers. Sonnenberg died in New York City at age 77 of a heart attack on September 6, 1978. Early career Sonnenberg was unsatisfied by the challenge of college and answered an ad in The New York Times with the Chicago Portrait Company as a door-to-door salesman. He became bored and quit after two months. Then, he hitchhiked to Flint, Michigan where he worked as a reporter and movie critic for the Flint Journal. He returned to New York City in 1921. Upon returning to New York City, his first work in the public relations field was writing stories for the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. In 1922, Miss Wald got a call from Lewis Strauss, the former secretary to Herbert Hoover and director of the American Relief Administration with the task to get food and medical assistance to the famine-stricken areas of Russia and Europe. Sonnenberg took the job where he realized what it was like to be rich, and he fell in love with the lifestyle that coincided. At the age of 22, he rented a room in Greenwich Village and made an earning by providing publicity for Jewish fund drives, writing stories for the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. He also did some public relations work for the Salvation Army, and a few night clubs. Public relations career A self-described "cabinetmaker who fashioned large pedestals for small statues", Sonnenberg represented many clients. While his company, Publicity Consultants Inc., was nominally located in offices on Park Avenue, his real business was done in his five-story townhouse in the Gramercy Park neighborhood of Manhattan, where he was renowned for his lavish entertaining for his clients and his contacts in the press. As his son would later describe in his memoir Lost Property: Memoirs and Confessions of a Bad Boy, "our home, my home, was a stage for his work". Sonnenberg had such an air of persuasion and success about him that his clients would pay a fee just to talk with him on the phone. He loved showing off his extravagance with his clients through entertaining and gift giving. Sonnenberg gained mass success and affluence because he was dedicated to following through on his promises to his clients, and because of this his reputation grew by word of mouth. His first big break was when he persuaded Oscar Weintraub to hire him to promote the new Fifth Avenue Hotel. He helped make the hotel known by inviting a distinction of guests to visit including Trader Horn, Prince George Matchabelli, and the Grand Dutchess Marie Romanov. His success lead to Weintraub hiring him to promote the other two hotels Weintraub managed. This also lead to Sonnenberg's introduction to Joel Hillman who was about to open the George V Hotel in Paris, which became Sonnenbergs' first European account. He became a full-time publicist in 1925. In 1927, he persuaded his father to retire because he felt financially secure and like he had “arrived.” In 1929, he left Greenwich Village and opened his office in a more luxurious building at 247 Park Avenue. He incorporated as Publicity Consultants Inc. He kept his staff very small and hired freelancers as needed, but did much of the work himself. From 1929, his fee income was at least $250,000 a year and from 1942 to his death it was always at least half a million annually. By 1930, Sonnenberg and the field of Public Relations were becoming very well known. Sonnenberg made his clients look up to press agents, rather than looking down on them. He moved to No.19 in 1931 and rented out the two bottom floors and by 1945 he was able to afford the whole thing. Perhaps his most famous client was Charles Luckman, an extremely successful architect, in 1950. "If there is one single achievement that public relations men cite Sonnenberg for, it is the media barrage that he engineered for Luckman, beginning with a Time cover piece." In 1927, Sonnenberg publicized Bergdorf Goodman department store for $100 a month. He was then hired to promote the 50th anniversary in 1951. He planned for a gala dinner dance in the Plaza Hotel with almost 700 or 800 in attendance. It was a sellout and tickets sold for $50. There was a live fashion show. There were also live mannequins in the store windows. Because of this great success he was then hired by Fred Lazares Jr. who operated Bloomingdale's, Abraham & Straus, Filenes of Boston, and Burdine's in Miami. In the 1950s he counseled his friend Stanley Marcus, founder of Neiman Marcus, for free who stated, "I learned more from Ben Sonnenberg about life and business than from any other person except my father." Working for Pepperdine, Inc. made Sonnenberg a multimillionaire. Pepperdine, Inc was created by a poor family that made bread suitable for asthmatics and sold to Campbell Soup Co. in 1958 for $28 million, which earned him $9 million. Legacy After 36 years of hustling clients and building a business, Sonnenberg closed down Publicity Consultants, Inc. in 1963, because 247 Park Avenue was being torn down and his right-hand man George Schreiber was terminally ill with a brain tumor. He became strictly a consultant and gradually reduced his number of clients. In his later years Sonnenberg focused less on making money and more on his hobbies, collecting being his favorite. He went for one last collecting jaunt to England in 1978 at the age of 76. In his final phase he worked alone. He claimed to have earned between $25 million to $30 million in his lifetime. References Sources Barmash, Isadore. Always Live Better Than Your Clients: The Fabulous Life and Times of Benjamin Sonnenberg, America's Greatest Publicist. Dodd, Mead and Company. Scott Cutlip (1994) The Unseen Power: Public Relations: A History . 1901 births 1978 deaths American public relations people Columbia College (New York) alumni People from the Lower East Side Belarusian Jews DeWitt Clinton High School alumni People from Gramercy Park Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States

12623163

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Pompei

Ron Pompei

Ron Pompei is an American designer born in Washington, D.C.. Trained as an artist, sculptor and designer, he received a Bachelor of Architecture from the Cooper Union in New York, a B.A. in Fine Arts from the Philadelphia College of Art, and studied Industrial Design at Pratt Institute. Career He began his creative journey as an artist, creating light art installations and sculptures that Philadelphia magazine cited as “changing the face of Philadelphia". He taught design at Drexel University in Philadelphia in the mid-1970s. In 1990 Pompei co-founded Pompei A.D., a creative services firm based in New York City where he serves as principal and creative director. Well known for its innovative approach towards retail design, the firm has collaborated with a wide spectrum of clients including Anthropologie, California Academy of Sciences, Coca-Cola, Fortune, Harley-Davidson, Herman Miller, Kiehl's Since 1851, Kmart, Levi's, MTV, Old Navy, Rubin Museum of Art, Sony, Té Casan, The Discovery Channel, UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, and Urban Outfitters. Work Pompei's work is based on his design philosophy, C3: Commerce, Culture and Community. This integration is at the heart of the idea of the “transformative environment,” a running theme throughout Pompei's work. His approach earned him a spot in Mavericks at Work, a book written by Fast Company co-founder William C. Taylor and longtime editor Polly LaBarre, about the "most original minds in business". Pompei's philosophy of “transformational experiences” as applied to his work with Anthropologie and Urban Outfitters is discussed the book The Elements of Persuasion, written by Robert Dickman and Richard Maxwell as an example of effective storytelling. Pompei’s understanding of the customer's role in a retail environment, specifically Anthropologie, is discussed in David Wolfe's book Ageless Marketing. In his 2004 article “Ron Pompei can’t be obvious.” Jorge Forbes explains why Pompei’s idea of the customer is so successful. “Pompei’s work is getting to people precisely because he doesn’t treat them like customers. He gave up understanding them through any collective references that would conceive everyone like anyone. Pompei has permitted each one to be each one, and that’s not something people “have”, not even in their brains. That’s something they “are”.” Pompei has participated as a featured speaker at industry, branding and educational venues, including Kjaer Global, Style-Vision, Wharton School of Business, Gel conference, Index 2005, 92nd St Y Makor Talk, BBC Digital Futures, Urban Land Institute, EtherTalk, The International Council of Shopping Centers Annual Conference, VM SD’s International Retail Design Conference, Quo Vadis’ The Real Estate Development Congress, International Hotel Investment Forum, Retail Marketing Society, American Law Firm Association (ALFA) Conference, EXP3, the Multicultural Equity Conference, Institute of Store Planners Seminar at Global Shop and Liz Claiborne Designer Roundtable. Awards Pompei has been the recipient of numerous awards, including an American Institute of Graphic Arts Annual Design Award and a "Store of the Year" award from Visual Merchandising + Store Design magazine in 1998 & 1999. The American Institute of Graphic Arts awarded Pompei a certificate of excellence in design for the Exposure Brochure, selected in the “AIGA Communication Graphics 21” competition of 2000. In 2003 and 2004, Pompei was awarded “The Best Specialty Store Merit Award,” and in 2004, was included in Fast Company’s Fast 50, in the Innovators category. In 2006 and 2007, Display and Design Ideas magazine named Pompei as one of the most influential people in the U.S. design industry. References Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Cooper Union alumni Artists from Washington, D.C. University of the Arts (Philadelphia) alumni American designers Pratt Institute alumni

1126676

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant%20Cugat%20del%20Vall%C3%A8s

Sant Cugat del Vallès

Sant Cugat del Vallès (; ) is a town and municipality north of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Known as Castrum Octavianum in antiquity (which literally means the castle of Octavianus) and as Pins del Vallès during the Second Spanish Republic, it is named after Saint Cucuphas, who is said to have been martyred on the spot now occupied by its medieval monastery. The final part of its toponym, del Vallès, is a reference to the historical county where the town is situated, Vallès. Description In addition to the monastery, the town's other notable buildings include the School of Architecture of the Vallès and the Centre d'Alt Rendiment (CAR, translit. High Performance Centre), a famous centre for professional sport training. Sant Cugat has become an affluent suburb of Barcelona due to its location (only 20 kilometres from the city), its natural surroundings, and its pedestrian shopping area. Sant Cugat also offers restaurants, a concert venue, two cinemas, and one large shopping centre. It is also a political stronghold for conservative Catalan nationalism, with Convergència i Unió dominating the town's politics for 32 years up until 2019 when the Republican Left of Catalonia took control of the City Council with the support of other political forces (PSC and CUP). Sant Cugat has seen its population increase in recent years, with more births than bigger cities like Barcelona (2004). It has also practically merged with the nearby Rubí (population 72,987) and Cerdanyola del Vallès (population 58,747). The town has its own train station with a direct metro connection into Barcelona city centre and the nearby industrial cities of Terrassa and Sabadell. Main sights These are some of the main sights of the municipality: Monastery of Sant Cugat (10th century) (10th century) Torre Negra (12th century) (14th century) Demography There are some districts, villages and towns in this municipality such as Mira-sol with 14,474 inhabitants; Valldoreix, which has a population of 8,272; La Floresta, which has 4,553 inhabitants, and Les Planes, which is inhabited by 1,290 people. This table below shows the population of the municipality over the 20th century and the early 21st century. Government National Archive of Catalonia is in the commune. Education The main secondary schools in Sant Cugat are IES Angeleta Ferrer i Sensat de Sant Cugat and the Institut Joaquima Pla i Farreras. The Japanese School of Barcelona, a Japanese international school, is located in the commune. The Hoshuko Barcelona Educación Japonesa/Escuela de Educación Japonesa en Barcelona (バルセロナ補習校 Baruserona Hoshūkō), a weekend supplementary Japanese school, holds its classes in the Japanese School of Barcelona building. The European school of Barcelona (IES) is an international school focusing on international languages from outside Spain. Some of the most popular languages studied there are English, French and Chinese. Culture A number of entities and clubs that promote traditional Catalan Culture exist. Among them, A sardana club (Entitat Sardanista de Sant Cugat) that promotes this popular Catalan dance. A castellers club was formed in 1996. A diables club was formed in 1990. A geganters club. Moreover, Sant Cugat is home to several museums, including the Museu de Sant Cugat, located at the Monastery, centred on the history of the town. Sister cities Daïra of Aargub, Western Sahara. Alba, Italy La Haba, Spain See also References Sources Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). Guia de Catalunya, Barcelona: Caixa de Catalunya; (Spanish); (Catalan). External links Government data pages Tourist Information Municipalities in Vallès Occidental

71975568

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland%20%28song%29

Poland (song)

"Poland" is a song by American rapper Lil Yachty. It was released on October 11, 2022, through Quality Control Music and Motown Records. Background and release Lil Yachty had been working on a "non-rap album" intended to be a "psychedelic alternative project", which he announced in January 2022. The song was originally recorded in 2021. In October 2022, a snippet of "Poland" leaked to the Internet. Shortly after, the song was met with positive reception from listeners and other artists. Wiz Khalifa, DDG, and Denzel Curry were all cited as referencing the song in a positive manner. Drake, Steve Lacy, and Offset were also cited as posting videos of themselves listening to or singing along to the song. The song achieved virality, being popularly used on TikTok and spawning various Internet memes. The song was officially released to all music streaming platforms on October 11, marking his first official solo track of 2022. @kurtoart, a Twitter user, drew art depicting Lil Yachty's fictional journey to Poland, accompanied by Wockhardt cough syrup (the "wock" referenced in the song's chorus). While the song's cover art was originally a map of Poland, shaded in a "cough-syrup purple," Yachty announced he would change the cover art to @kurtoart's drawing. Composition and lyrics Produced by Lukrative, Lucian, and F1lthy of Working on Dying, the song features a synthy beat with a "cyber-vibrato" effect on Yachty's voice. A dissonant trap song, The Washington Posts Chris Richards wrote that "Yachty makes his voice — a melodized yawn that has chafed low-imagination rap purists from the start — do something new, elongating the most flexible syllables and allowing them to tremble with Auto-Tuned vibrato." "Poland" has been noted by media outlets for its brevity and simple lyricism. In the song, Lil Yachty discusses "fiending" and battling his demons, and references the Nickelodeon comedy television series Kenan & Kel and its lead actors Kenan Thompson and Kel Mitchell. When going viral online, the lyric "I took the wock to Poland" was particularly singled out by listeners and garnered considerable media coverage. The term "wock" references Wockhardt, a pharmaceutical company known for producing types of cough syrup found in a cup of lean. Lil Yachty sings the lyric in "a manner somewhere between an operatic recitative and singing through a fan". Prior to the release of "Poland", Yachty previously mentioned "wock" on his song "Wocky My Lover". The rapper has never performed in the country of Poland, however the rapper revealed the mention of Poland in the song originally came about as trolling from the day when he had some wock and noticed someone else was drinking a Poland Spring water bottle. Critical reception The song was praised by music journalists for its simplicity, with many outlets calling the song a "catchy", "hypnotic", or "mystifying" earworm. Its chorus featuring the "I took the wock to Poland" lyric was particularly lauded. Serge Selenou of Pitchfork opined that these factors are implemented in the rapper's best songs and wrote: "Over a churning F1lthy beat that wouldn't be out of place on Whole Lotta Red, Yachty croons "I took the Wock to Poland" in a garbled yodel that probably has Mason Ramsey jealous"; Selenou added that the song helped recapture the "light-heartedness that won Yachty fans." Eric Skelton of Complex wrote that the hook on Poland is "so unique that we can't stop thinking about it," adding that Yachty's performance on the song is akin to "singing through a fan as he belts out "I took the wock to Poland" with extra warble in his voice." Skelton called the song "bizarre", and added that "Poland" is "weird as hell, strangely addictive, and ridiculously fun to sing along with." Richards praised the Auto-Tune vibrato effect applied to Yachty's voice, writing that "in this funny, freaky, emotionally extravagant, tragicomic gush, he sounds like a machine that’s learned how to cry." Richards also positively received the song's concise nature, opining that "Yachty's brevity is casually artful, highly playful and totally real. "Poland" isn't short, it's fleeting, and you might even find the meaning of life in the difference between the two." Recognition On October 12, 2022, Quality Control Music CEO Pierre Thomas shared an alleged text conversation with Poland's Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki. The conversation shows Morawiecki inviting Lil Yachty to Poland. Music video An accompanying music video was produced by Lyrical Lemonade and released onto YouTube on October 11, 2022. Directed by Cole Bennett, the music video has received over 10.2 million views as of October 20. The video was filmed on the streets of Manhattan's SoHo neighborhood and in the Broadway–Lafayette Street/Bleecker Street station of the New York City Subway. Charts Certifications Notes References 2022 songs Cloud rap songs Internet memes introduced in 2022 Lil Yachty songs Psychedelic songs Songs about drugs Songs about Poland Songs written by Lil Yachty

75182112

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed%20E-XX

Lockheed E-XX

The Lockheed E-XX is a planned United States Navy aircraft based on the EC-130J and intended to replaced the Boeing E-6 Mercury in the TACAMO role, communicating with US nuclear ballistic missile submarines. The current E-6 aircraft were built in the late 1980s, and while they are expected to fly into the 2030s, the underlying platform is aging and support costs are increasing. Because of this, in 2020, the Navy began a program to develop a new platform. This program will take several years to complete, and the E-6 will continue to fulfill the role in the meantime. Development The US Department of Defense has relied on the Boeing 707 platform for decades, going back to the KC-135 in 1956 that technically predates the 707 itself, which did not fly until 1957. Boeing continued production of various military aircraft using the basic platform until the last E-6 Mercury aircraft were delivered in 1991. Since then, spare parts for the platform have gotten harder to find and operations have become more expensive. By 2015, both the Air Force and Navy realized that they had to look ahead to new platforms to manage their nuclear arsenals in combat. The Air Force had already retired its KC-135-based EC-135C aircraft in 1998, turning over its Looking Glass mission to the Navy's E-6 fleet while continuing to fly the Boeing E-4 as the National Emergency Airborne Command Post. But the E-4, built in the 1970s and based on the Boeing 747-200, was also aging and in need of replacement. For a few years, the Air Force and Navy considered a unified replacement that would move the E-6's combined TACAMO and Looking Glass mission to a single new aircraft run by both branches. In 2018, this program was envisioned to replace the E-4, E-6, and the C-32A (based on the Boeing 757 and often used as Air Force Two) with a single aircraft under the moniker NEAT (combining National Airborne Operations Center (NAOC), Executive Airlift, Airborne Command Post (ABNCP), Take Charge and Move Out (TACAMO)). However, in December 2020 (Fiscal Year 2021), the US Navy announced that it awarded a contract to Lockheed Martin for the purchase of three EC-130J-30 Hercules aircraft to be used as testbeds for the TACAMO mission, signaling that the two branches would go in different directions. The aircraft were fully funded in FY2023. One aircraft is to be used for air vehicle testing while the other two are planned for mission systems testing, "allowing simultaneous mission system, flight and ground test, and correction of deficiencies." The aircraft selection represents a return to the C-130 platform by the Navy, which for years used the EC-130Q (an older variant despite the higher letter) for the TACAMO mission prior to adoption of the E-6 Mercury. The selection of the C-130 platform, which is much smaller than the E-6, was surprising to some who expected something based on the larger P-8 Poseidon (based on the Boeing 737) or the much larger KC-46 Pegasus (based on the Boeing 767). The Navy has justified its decision based on the reduced mission, cost savings that come from commonality with other US military C-130 uses, and the ability to deploy to a much wider range of bases around the world. With the C-130's reduced runway requirements compared to any of the above jets and design features that emphasize austere and even rough-field capabilities, the E-XX's operations would become less predictable to adversaries. The Navy envisions purchases of three production aircraft in FY2027 and another six in FY2028. Funding Since the FY2022 NDAA, Congress has appropriated over $400 million in development funds, including $48.6 million for the first contracts in 2022 and $502 million in 2023. The Navy requested substantially less funding in FY2024, asking for $213.7 million. As of the FY2024 funding request, the program is expected to cost $3.125 billion over the period from FY2022 through FY2028. Design Many details about the design have not been publicly released partially due to the classified nature of its mission but also because the project is still in development. The Navy described its mission in the FY2024 budget request:The TACAMO mission provides an airborne capability for survivable, endurable and reliable airborne command, control and communications between the United States (U.S.) National Command Authority (NCA) and the U.S. strategic forces. This mission is critical in the deterrence and management of a nuclear conflict. A dedicated communications platform, TACAMO aircraft feature the ability to communicate on virtually every radio frequency band from very low frequency (VLF) up through advanced extremely high frequency (AEHF) using a variety of modulations, encryptions and networks, minimizing the likelihood an emergency message being jammed by an enemy. The specific model selected, the EC-130J-30, is longer than the base model, providing more space for crew and equipment. Lockheed has presented an artist's conception of the aircraft that shows enlarged and extended landing gear fairings, multiple domes extending from the fuselage, and two wire antennas capable of extending from the rear of the aircraft. Known planned capabilities include electromagnetic pulse (EMP) hardening and cybersecurity hardening, as well as an upgrade of the trailing wire communications system currently fielded on the E-6. This system extends a long wire from the tail of the aircraft to enable VLF communications with submerged submarines. One notable mission change in the transition from the E-6 Mercury to the E-XX is the deletion of the capability to act as the Air Force Airborne Command Post (ABNCP) with the capability to communicate with nuclear bomber fleets and ICBM silos. At one time, the Boeing EC-135C Looking Glass fulfilled the ABNCP mission, but when it was retired by the Air Force in 1998, the E-6 took over. With the Air Force expecting to handle those duties using the planned Survivable Airborne Operations Center aircraft, that capability will no longer be needed aboard the Navy's TACAMO platform. See Also References United States Navy Aviation Aircraft

35518607

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiesloch-Walldorf%20station

Wiesloch-Walldorf station

Wiesloch-Walldorf station is in the towns of Wiesloch and Walldorf in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. The station is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 3 station. Leimbach Park and the Wiesloch Feldbahn and Industrial Museum are located to the north of the station, with the headquarters of Heidelberger Druckmaschinen and SAP SE on the south-western side. History 19th century The Karlsruhe—Heidelberg section of the Rhine Valley Railway was opened on 15 April 1843 as part of the construction of the Baden Mainline from Mannheim via Heidelberg, Karlsruhe, Baden-Baden and Freiburg to Basel, which was initially built to 1600 mm broad gauge. As a result, Walldorf and Wiesloch gained a connection to the rail network. A few years later the line was duplicated. Since the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway’s broad gauge was not compatible with the gauge of neighbouring countries, it now feared the loss of lucrative transit traffic. Therefore, in 1854, Baden began to regauge its lines to and this was completed in just four months from Mannheim to Bruchsal. 20th and 21st century Since the station is located about three kilometres from both Wiesloch and Walldorf, both towns only gained a limited benefit from the line. In 1901, a private branch line, the Wiesloch-Meckesheim/Waldangelloch railway, was opened connecting the centre of Wiesloch with Wiesloch-Walldorf station. This line continued to Meckesheim, providing a connection between the Rhine Valley Railway and the Neckargemünd–Bad Friedrichshall-Jagstfeld railway. The services of this line operated from a platform in the station forecourt, where there was a connecting track to the state line. Passenger services on this line closed in 1980 and freight traffic was discontinued in 1990. A tramway was built 1902 to connect to the town of Walldorf from the station forecourt, but it was closed in 1954. The station building was demolished sometime before 1990. On Sunday 18 January 1959 a North American F-100 Super Sabre crashed a couple of hundred metres from the station. In 2000, the Zweckverband Bahnhof Wiesloch-Walldorf (Administrative Association of Wiesloch-Walldorf station) was founded to promote the redevelopment of the station and the upgrading of the station's environment. Operations Today, 135 long-distance trains stop at the station each week. It is served by two trains every hour on Intercity line 26 as well as individual services of IC line 30 and an Intercity-Express service. Regional-Express services stop every two hours on the route between Heidelberg and Stuttgart. The station is also integrated in the S-Bahn network of the Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn and is served by lines S 3 and S 4 at half-hourly intervals towards Heidelberg/Mannheim and Bruchsal/Karlsruhe. Rail services Long distance (Ostseebad Binz – Stralsund) – Hamburg – Hannover – Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe – Gießen – Frankfurt – Heidelberg – Wiesloch-Walldorf – Karlsruhe – (Konstanz) (Westerland or Ostseebad Binz –) Hamburg – Bremen – Dortmund – Duisburg – Cologne – Koblenz – Mannheim – Wiesloch-Walldorf – Stuttgart (or Karlsruhe – Freiburg – Basel – Chur) Regional services Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn services Germersheim - Speyer – Schifferstadt – Ludwigshafen – Mannheim – Heidelberg – Wiesloch-Walldorf – Bruchsal – Karlsruhe Germersheim - Speyer – Schifferstadt – Ludwigshafen – Mannheim – Heidelberg – Wiesloch-Walldorf – Bruchsal Notes External links Railway stations in Baden-Württemberg Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn stations Railway stations in Germany opened in 1843 1843 establishments in Baden Wiesloch Mannheim–Karlsruhe–Basel railway

2812856

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.%20J.%20Young%20%28ice%20hockey%29

B. J. Young (ice hockey)

Jerry Franklin "B. J." Young II (July 23, 1977 – November 30, 2005) was an American professional ice hockey right winger. He was drafted by the Detroit Red Wings in the sixth round, 157th overall, of the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. He played one game in the National Hockey League with Red Wings. Young played junior hockey with the Tri-City Americans and Red Deer Rebels of the Western Hockey League (WHL). While with Red Deer he led the WHL in goal scoring during the 1996–97 season and was named to the WHL East First All-Star Team. Young spent the majority of his career in the minor leagues playing for the Adirondack Red Wings and Cincinnati Mighty Ducks of the American Hockey League, the Manitoba Moose of the International Hockey League, and the Anchorage/Alaska Aces in both the West Coast Hockey League and ECHL. Born in Anchorage, Alaska Young represented the United States at the 1997 World Junior Championships, winning a silver medal. Career Amateur Young began playing hockey at age four, and by age eight, he was playing travel ice hockey for the Alaska All-Stars. He began his junior career with the Tri-City Americans of the Western Hockey League (WHL). In his first season with the Americans Young scored 19 goals and 43 points in 54 games, adding another goal and two points in two playoff games. During the 1994–95 season, his second, with Tri-City Young was traded to the Red Deer Rebels. Though he only scored 23 points in 51 games between the two teams, Americans' general manager Dennis Beyak stated it was a deal that could come back to haunt them. In his first full season with Red Deer Young had a breakout season scoring 49 goals and 94 points. He followed up by scoring 58 goals and 114 points in 63 games during the 1996–97 season. The goal total led the WHL and he was named to the WHL East First All-Star Team. In the off-season Young was drafted by the National Hockey League's (NHL) Detroit Red Wings in the sixth round, 157th overall, of the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. Professional After being drafted Young signed three-year two-way contract with the Red Wings. He played in six preseason games for the Red Wings, but with Detroit being the defending Stanley Cup champions he was unable to make the team out of camp. He began his professional career with Detroit's American Hockey League affiliate, the Adirondack Red Wings. Young played two seasons in Adirondack scoring 67 points in 123 games. In his third professional season Young joined the Cincinnati Mighty Ducks who he led in goals with 25. He also made his NHL debut during the season playing one game for the Red Wings. He played two shifts in the game without registering a point. It was the only NHL game of his career. In the off-season Young re-signed with Detroit. He returned to Cincinnati but after 42 games Detroit moved Young to the Manitoba Moose in the International Hockey League (IHL). Young finished the year scoring 22 goals and 51 points in 75 games between the two teams. The following season he signed with his hometown Anchorage Aces in the West Coast Hockey League (WCHL). He was named team captain for the 2002–03 season. After which he took a year off from hockey for personal and family matters. Prior to the 2004–05 season he was given a tryout to return to the Aces, now called the Alaska Aces playing in the ECHL. He made the team due in part to making an impression on the coaching staff after not quitting on a difficult conditioning skate. He recorded 13 goals and 35 points in 48 games in his final professional season. International Young represented the United States at the 1997 World Junior Championships in Geneva, Switzerland. Young scored two goals and four points in six games helping the US win the silver medal. Death Young was killed in a single-car accident in Vancouver, British Columbia on November 30, 2005, when the car he was driving veered off the road, struck a tree and hit a light pole. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Awards Western Hockey League East First All-Star Team - 1997 See also List of Detroit Red Wings draft picks List of players who played only one game in the NHL References External links 1977 births 2005 deaths Accidental deaths in British Columbia Adirondack Red Wings players Alaska Aces (ECHL) players American men's ice hockey right wingers Anchorage Aces players Cincinnati Mighty Ducks players Detroit Red Wings draft picks Detroit Red Wings players Ice hockey people from Anchorage, Alaska Manitoba Moose (IHL) players Red Deer Rebels players Road incident deaths in Canada Tri-City Americans players

29472536

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20cyberattacks%20on%20Myanmar

2010 cyberattacks on Myanmar

The 2010 cyberattacks on Myanmar (also known as Burma) were distributed denial-of-service attacks (DDoS) that began on 25 October, occurring ahead of the 2010 Burmese general election, which is widely viewed as a sham election. This election was the first that Burma had had in 20 years. The attacks were significantly larger than attacks against Estonia and Georgia in 2007 and 2008 respectively. The attack followed a similar one on 1 February 2010, and also followed an incident of a total loss of connection to the internet the previous spring when a submarine communications cable was severed accidentally. Attacks beginning 25 October 2010 Over the period of a week, a large-scale massive DDoS attack targeted Burma's main Internet provider, the Ministry of Post and Telecommunication. Successful attacks to this network interfered with the majority of all incoming and outgoing network traffic. The motivation for the attacks, and hence the culprits, were unclear, but there was significant speculation that blamed the Burmese government for a pre-emptive attack to disrupt Internet access just before the general elections. The ruling military junta, the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), was known for denying universal human rights such as freedom expression; the government's efforts to silence dissent are extended to cyberspace, and it has one of the most restrictive systems of Internet control in Asia. The fact that international observers and foreign journalists were not being allowed into the country to cover the polls raised suspicions that Burma's military authorities could have been trying to restrict the flow of information over the election period. Technical details A DDoS attack attempts to flood an information gateway with data exceeding its bandwidth. The "distributed" element of a Distributed Denial of Service means that it involves PCs spread all over the world. These enslaved computers, called "botnets," are usually home computers that have been hijacked and compromised by a virus. Botnets are usually rented out by cyber criminals for various purposes, which includes web attacks. They can be controlled from across the internet. The size of the October–November 2010 attacks increased daily from 0.5 to 10-15 Gbit/s, each daily attack lasting over eight hours (always during regular office hours), from computers across the globe. This was several hundred times more than enough to overwhelm the country's 45 Mbit/s T3 terrestrial and satellite links. Attacks on blogging websites in September were also on the order of Gbit/s. By comparison, the 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia were at most 90 Mbit/s, lasting between a minute to over 10 hours. Cyberattacks in Burma prior to the 2010 election This cyber attack notably followed a similar one on 1 February 2010, when the internet link service of Myanmar's Yatanarpon Teleport Company was struck, and also followed the incident of a total loss of connection to the internet the previous spring when a submarine communications cable was severed accidentally. Despite the heavy hand that the regime wields over cyberspace, information communication technologies (ICTs) have provided Burmese opposition groups the means to challenge the government by broadcasting their message to the world. There has been an ongoing battle between the liberation technologies and the authoritarian government. In 2000, Burmese political activists received numerous e-mails that contained viruses, which many believe were part of an organised campaign perpetrated by state agents. The first major example of a DDoS attack in Burma was in 2007, during the Saffron Revolution when Burmese activists managed to put videos and pictures of the demonstrations and government crackdown on the internet, at which time the government severed the internet connection for almost two weeks. Near the one-year anniversary of the Saffron Revolution, the websites of three main Burmese independent media organisations were attacked and effectively silenced. The Democratic Voice of Burma and The Irrawaddy were made inaccessible through a DDoS attack, and the website for Mizzima News was defaced. Through 2009 and 2010, attacks on Burmese opposition media sites continued periodically. The timing of these attacks and the nature of the websites being attacked indicate a political connection. Although the identity of the attackers remain unknown, it is widely believed that the government played a role. This belief is still held, because the Burmese government has consistently made efforts to control and censor the communications environment of the country. Also, the timing and co-ordination of these attacks being around the anniversary of the Saffron Revolution suggests that the motivation of them was to prevent the websites from commemorating the protests and possibly mobilising new political actions. In September 2010, coinciding with the third anniversary of the Saffron Revolution, the websites belonging to independent and opposition news sites and blogs were brought down by DDoS attacks similar to, but less powerful than, the ones that took place prior to the election. On 27 September 2010, DDoS was used specifically against two news websites in Burma: the Democratic Voice of Burma and The Irrawaddy Magazine. Both of these magazines were providers of independent coverage of current affairs in Burma. These attacks were believed to originate from the Burmese government, and with the election a month away, media workers feared that this attack was a test run leading up to the election. In 2009, Burma ranked 171 out of 175 countries in the Reporters Without Borders (RSF) Press Freedom Index. See also Internet in Burma References 2010 in Myanmar Burma

72442077

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Sloman

Nicholas Sloman

Nicholas Sloman (born 30 October 1997) is an Australian open water swimmer. He is a six-time medalist at FINA Marathon Swim World Series, winning a gold medal and a silver medal at the 2019 edition and three silver medals and one bronze medal at the 2022 edition. At the 2018 Pan Pacific Championships, he won the bronze medal in the 10 kilometre open water swim. Career 2018–2019 For the 2018 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, held in August in Tokyo, Japan, Sloman was named to the Swimming Australia roster. He competed in the 10 kilometre open water swim on 14 August, where he won the bronze medal with a time of 1:59:20.8, which was 30.3 seconds behind gold medalist Jordan Wilimovsky of the United States and 24.1 seconds behind silver medalist Eric Hedlin of Canada. At the 2019 Surf Life Saving Australia Championships in March in Burleigh Heads, Sloman won the national title in the 2 kilometre ocean swim along with Lani Pallister, who won the women's title, marking his third-consecutive title in the event. He followed up with a silver medal in the 10 kilometre open water swim at the leg of the 2019 FINA Marathon Swim World Series held in May in Seychelles with a time of 1:56:04.10. Two months later, at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in July in Gwangju, South Korea, he placed twenty-first in the 10 kilometre open water swim on 16 July, finishing in a time of 1:49:22.7. Two days later, he placed fifth in the 5 kilometre (4×1250 metre) open water team relay with a final relay time of 54:36.8. In September, at the leg of the Marathon Swim World Series Nantou, Taiwan, he won the gold medal in the 10 kilometre open water swim with a time of 1:56:31.20. 2022 2022 World Aquatics Championships In March, Sloman was one of six swimmers named to Team Australia in open water swimming for the 2022 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary. On 26 June, he helped achieve a sixth-place finish in the mixed gender 4×1500 metre open water relay with a time of 1:05:30.8. In his second event, the 5 kilometre open water swim the next day, he tied Brennan Gravley of the United States for tenth-place with a time of 54:28.4. For his third and final event, the 10 kilometre open water swim held on 29 June, he finished in a time of 1:51:58.1 and placed eighth, which was 1 minute and 1.3 seconds behind gold medalist Gregorio Paltrinieri of Italy. 2022 Marathon Swim World Series At the second leg of the 2022 FINA Marathon Swim World Series, held in July at Parc de la Villette in Paris, France, Sloman won a silver medal in the 4×1500 metre open water relay in a time of 1:08:03.75. He also finished in a time of 1:51:41.95 in the 10 kilometre swim and won the bronze medal. The following leg, conducted in August at Lake Mégantic in Canada, he won the silver medal in the 10 kilometre open water swim with a time of 1:50:51.68, sharing the podium with gold medalist Domenico Acerenza of Italy and bronze medalist Dávid Betlehem of Hungary. He won a second silver medal in the 4×1500 metre open water relay at the final leg, with competition held in November in Eilat, Israel, helping achieve a final time of 1:06:36.60. For the 10 kilometre swim he placed eleventh with a time of 1:46:56.60. Across all of the legs of the World Circuit for the year, he earned 1600 points, tying for rank of sixth overall with Dario Verani of Italy amongst all male competitors. 2023 In January 2023, at the year's Australian Open Water Championships, Sloman finished in a time of 55:20.96 in the 5 kilometre open water swim to place second less than one-tenth of a second behind Kyle Lee. Two months later, he was named to the 2023 World Aquatics Championships roster for Swimming Australia in the 10 kilometre open water swim. In April, at the 2023 Australian Swimming Championships in Gold Coast, Queensland, he won the bronze medal in the 1500 metre freestyle with a 15:18.20 and placed ninth in the 400 metre freestyle with a 3:55.98. International championships Marathon Swim World Series circuits The following medals Sloman has won at Marathon Swim World Series circuits. References External links 1997 births Living people Australian male freestyle swimmers Australian long-distance swimmers Sportsmen from Queensland World Aquatics Championships medalists in open water swimming

9935711

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonor%20Orosa-Goquingco

Leonor Orosa-Goquingco

Leonor Orosa Goquingco (24 July 1917 – 15 July 2005) was a Filipino national artist in creative dance, who was also known for breaking tradition within dance. She played the piano, drew art, designed scenery and costumes, sculpted, acted, directed, danced and choreographed. Her pen name was Cristina Luna and she was known as Trailblazer, Mother of Philippine Theater Dance and Dean of Filipino Performing Arts Critics. She died on July 15, 2005, of cardiac arrest following a cerebro-vascular accident at the age of 87. Family Leonor Orosa-Goquingco was born on July 24, 1917, in Jolo, Sulu. She was a Filipino national artist in creative dance. She played the piano, drew art, designed scenery and costumes, sculpted, acted, directed, danced and choreographed. Her pen name was Cristina Luna and she was known as Trailblazer, Mother of Philippine Theater Dance and Dean of Filipino Performing Arts Critics. She died on July 15, 2005, of cardiac arrest following a cerebro-vascular accident at the age of 87. Her parents were Sixto Orosa and Severina Luna, both physicians who graduated from the University of the Philippines. She was married to Benjamin Goquinco and had three children: Benjamin, Jr., Rachelle and Regina. Education Goquingco graduated Elementary in 1929 at Central Philippine University and as the top of her class as valedictorian in Negros Occidental Provincial High School. She moved to Manila and entered the Philippine Women's University (PWU) where she took an ACS course. She earned a diploma in education, majoring in English Literature from St. Scholastica's College Manila and graduated summa cum laude. The famous national artist also took graduate courses in theatre craft, drama and music at Columbia University and Teachers College in New York City, US. She also took professional and teacher courses at the Ballet de Monte Carlo. Accomplishments Dance In 1939, Leonor Orosa-Goquingco was the only dancer sent on the first cultural mission to Japan, at the age of 19. She produced Circling the Globe (1939) and Dance Panorama in the same year. She created The Elements in 1940, the first ballet choreographed by a Filipino to commissioned music. She also created Sports during the same year, featuring cheerleaders, a tennis match and a basketball game. The first Philippine folkloric ballet, Trend: Return to the Native, was choreographed by Goquingco in 1941. After the Second World War, she organized the Philippine Ballet and brought the famous Filipino novel, Noli Me Tángere, to life. The Noli Dance Suite consisted of several dances. Maria Clara and the Leper, Salome and Elias, Sisa, Asalto for Maria Clara and The Gossips are some of the dances found in the Noli Dance Suite. Leonor Orosa-Goquingco also danced during her early years. She danced at the American Museum of Natural History, Theresa Kaufmann Auditorium, The International House and Rockefeller Plaza, just to name a few. She appeared in War Dance and Planting Rice. Other works she choreographed were "Circling the Globe", "Dance Panorama", "Current events", "Vinta!", "Morolandia", "Festival in Maguindanao", "Eons Ago: The Creation", "Filipinescas: Philippine Life, Legend, and Lore in Dance", "Miner's Song", "The Bird and the Planters", "Tribal", "Ang Antipos" (The Flagellant), "Salubong", "Pabasa" (Reading of the Pasyon) and "Easter Sunday Fiesta". As a choreographer, she is noted for her courage in breaking traditions in dance despite public indifference. These innovations inevitably revolutionized the folk dances. She founded the Filipinescas Dance Company in 1958, and took it on a world tour in 1961, 1962, 1964, 1966, 1968 and 1970. This dance company, along with the Bayanihan Philippine Dance company and Francisca Reyes Aquino, are considered to be of the exponents in the development of contemporary Philippine folkloric dance. Writing She was also a writer, and her articles were published in Dance Magazine (New York City), Enciclopedia Della Spettacolo (Rome), Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians (London), Arts of Asia (Hong Kong) and the Philippine Cultural Foundation. She wrote Dances of the Emerald Isles and Filipinescas: Philippine Life, Legend and Lore in Dance. On Dances of the Emerald Isles, Teodoro A. Agoncillo called it "a towering contribution to Philippine cultural history." Leonor Orosa-Goquingco also wrote a poem on the Japanese occupation, Lifted the Smoke of Battle. She is famous for her one-act play, Her Son, Jose Rizal which is set during the time Rizal was imprisoned and awaiting his execution. It reveals the emotions going through Rizal's mother at that time and the similarities between Rizal's life and that of Jesus Christ. Goquinco was also a critic who wrote reviews. She critiqued works like Tony Perez' Oktubre, Ligaya Amilbangsa's Stillness and Tanghalang Pilipino's Aguinaldo: 1898. Awards Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan Award alaiza gwapa in 1969 and 1964 Rizal Centennial Award in 1962 Republic Cultural Heritage Award in 1964 Presidential Award of Merit in 1970 Tandang Sora Award and the Columbia University Alumni Association Award in 1975 National Artist for Dance on March 27, 1976 Positions She was an Honorary Chairman of the Association of Ballet Academies of the Philippines, the founding member of the Philippine Ballet Theatre (PBT) and was known as a Zontian and a performing arts critic and columnist of the Manila Bulletin. References Further reading Orosa, Rosalinda L. Above the Throng: Portraits and Profiles, Sketches and Silhouettes. 1980. Orosa, Rosalinda L. "My Sister Leonor.", The Philippine Star. July 23, 2005. Roces, Alejandro R. "Leonor Orosa Goquingco: National Artist in Dance.", The Philippine Star. July 19, 2005. "Farewell to National Artist Leonor Orosa-Goquingco"., Manila Bulletin. July 18, 2005. 1917 births 2005 deaths Filipino female dancers Central Philippine University alumni People from Sulu Burials at the Libingan ng mga Bayani St. Scholastica's College Manila alumni Teachers College, Columbia University alumni Philippine Women's University alumni Manila Bulletin people Filipino columnists

65933796

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20for%20the%20Restoration%20of%20Orthodox%20Christianity%20in%20the%20Caucasus

Society for the Restoration of Orthodox Christianity in the Caucasus

The Society for the Restoration of Orthodox Christianity in the Caucasus was an organisation in late Tsarist Russia to spread Christianity in the Caucasus after it was completely conquered by Tsarist Russia in the 19th century History As a Christian state, Tsarist Russia had already had the experience of converting the local population to Christianity, before the Russian conquest of Azerbaijan, across the states it conquered, especially, those inhabited by Moslems. From the mid-16th century, the Russian empire (under Tsar Ivan IV) aimed to pursue a foreign policy of conquering new territories and forcefully Christianizing indigenous people throughout these territories. During the invasion of the khanates of Kazan (1552) and Astrakhan (1556), as well as Siberia, Tsarist Russia consolidated power in these occupied territories, using that exact method of Christianizing the locals and exploiting religious divisions. The policy of evangelizing the locals from the Jar-Balakan Community and the Elisu Sultanate was carried out by means of the same methods as those used for the locals across Kazan, Astrakhan and Siberia. There were only two differences here: The original intent was to evangelize Ingiloys, not the entire population of the Jar-Balakan communities. The Georgian Church played the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in spreading Christianity to Azerbaijan. On August 18, 1851, Major-General Knyaz Mukhransky who served as the assistant chief of Zagatala province proposed that Ingiloys be exempted from taxes and duties in exchange for the conversion to Christianity, and that each Ingiloy family be rewarded with 15 -30 rubles in silver. This proposal was immediately welcomed by the tsarist authorities. On November 7, 1851, the Caucasian Viceroy (namestnik) Mikhail Vorontsov issued a special order to exempt the Ingiloys to be Christianized from the life and fireplace taxes they had to pay to the state treasury. In 1851, it was consequently possible to convert 1,133 Ingiloys to Christianity in Jar-Balakan. As a result of this Christianization policy, Gakh, Goragan, Meshabash, Kotuklu, and Alibeyli, which were once part of the Elisu Sultanate, were the first Christianized (orthodoxized) villages inhabited by Ingiloys. The locals from the villages of Suskend and Shotavar refused to be Christianized. Soon, first churches were built in Gakh and Goragan. How the Society was founded With Tsarist Russia's complete invasion of the Caucasus, in 1860, the Society for the Restoration of Orthodox Christianity in the Caucasus was established to spread Christianity throughout the Caucasus by the initiative of the Exarch of Georgia and Metropolitan of Kartli-Kakheti Isidor and through the efforts of the Viceroy of the Caucasus Prince Alexander Ivanovich Baryatinsky. The Society, founded by order of Russia's Tsar on June 9, 1860, was patronized by Empress of Russia Maria Alexandrovna herself. During its activity, the Society had spent 1.475.482 rubles to spread Christianity to the Caucasus, including Northwest Azerbaijan. It was headquartered in Tbilisi. The core duties of the Society was to build and maintain churches, to carry servants, to open new schools for local children, to compile alphabets of local languages, to translate religious books into local languages, and to train priests or missioners elected from amongst locals. In order to run the Society, firstly, a central office and temporary management committee was set up in Tbilisi. The Temporary Committee reserved the right to make decisions on which provinces of the Caucasus, and how, to function. Prince Alexander Baryatinsky, Evseviy, Exarch of Georgia, member of the governorship board A.Fadeyev and member of the state council Insarski were elected as members of the committee. In 1861, Archpriest Ioakim Romanov was also elected as a member. Churches built in Azerbaijan Allahverdi Church Kurmuk Church Saint Nino Church St George's Church, Qakh Kotokli Church References External links In 1910, the Society released an album to celebrate its 50th anniversary. List of society members, school teachers under the Society and church clergies Christian organizations Russian Orthodox Church Organizations established in 1860 Organizations disestablished in 1917

28005876

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20Storm%20Zeke%20%281992%29

Tropical Storm Zeke (1992)

Tropical Storm Zeke was the final named storm of the record-breaking 1992 Pacific hurricane season. Forming out of a tropical wave on October 25, Zeke began as a disorganized depression. Tracking west-northwestward, the system gradually developed organized convection and intensified into a tropical storm. However, it soon entered a high wind shear environment, causing Zeke to weaken to a tropical depression. The following day, the storm re-intensified despite unfavorable conditions and later attained peak winds of on October 29. Rapid weakening followed shortly thereafter as convection dissipated and the center became exposed. During the afternoon of October 30, Zeke degenerated into a remnant low pressure system and dissipated several days later several hundred miles south of Baja California Sur. On October 29, tropical storm watches and warnings were issued for portions of the Mexican coastline; however, these were canceled the following day due to the storm's rapid weakening. Although the storm did not move over land, its outer bands brought locally heavy rain and gusty winds to Sinaloa and Jalisco. Meteorological history Tropical Storm Zeke originated from a tropical wave that was first identified off the west coast of Africa on October 6, 1992. Initially, well-organized convection was associated with the system as it tracked westward; however, once over the Caribbean Sea, shower and thunderstorm activity diminished. Between October 21 and 23, the poorly defined wave moved across Central America and entered the Pacific Ocean. Over the following few days, convection gradually increased and the system became better organized. On October 25, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) to classify it as Tropical Depression Twenty-Seven-E, at which time the storm was situated roughly south of the southern tip of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Upon being classified, the depression was relatively disorganized, but deep convection had maintained itself near the center of circulation. Throughout October 25, banding features developed and the upper-level outflow became better established. In response to a ridge to the east, the depression tracked in a general west-northwest direction. Intensification was likely as the system was forecast to remain within an environment characterized by low wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures. Later that day, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Zeke, the record-breaking twenty-fourth named storm of the year. Within several hours of being upgraded, Zeke began to degrade for unknown reasons, with convection lessening around the center. Increasing westerly wind shear, associated with a mid to upper-level trough approaching the west coast of the United States, later caused the system to weaken further; however, Zeke managed to maintain tropical storm intensity until the morning of October 27. As Zeke continued to be hampered by strong shear, it gradually began to turn towards the north as the trough that caused it to weaken moved further east. Late on October 27, convection redeveloped over the center of circulation, allowing the storm to re-attain tropical storm intensity. The strengthening followed the passage of a shortwave trough; however, shear over the system remained strong. Despite the unfavorable conditions, Zeke maintained its intensity, through intermittent bursts of convection, and began to turn towards the northeast. Late on October 29, a large burst of deep convection over the center of the storm allowed for intensification. Around this time, the storm attained its peak intensity with winds of with a barometric pressure of . Not long after attaining its peak intensity, Zeke began to weaken once more due to increasing westerly wind shear. By the early morning of October 30, the center of circulation became devoid of thunderstorm activity and the system had turned eastward. Later that day, Zeke weakened to a tropical depression before degenerating into a remnant low pressure system. The NHC continued to monitor the low-level swirl of clouds associated with Zeke for several more days as the system meandered several hundred miles south of Baja California Sur. Preparations, impact and records On October 29, the forecast track for Zeke produced by the National Hurricane Center indicated that the storm would skirt Baja California before striking the western coast of Mexico as a tropical depression. In response to this, the Government of Mexico issued a tropical storm warning for areas between Cabo San Lázaro and Los Burros. Additionally, a tropical storm watch was raised for areas along mainland Mexico between Los Mochis, Sinaloa and Puerto Vallarta. Roughly 24 hours after these advisories were issued, they were canceled as Zeke rapidly dissipated over open waters. Although the center of the storm never moved over land, the system's outer bands brought locally heavy rain and gusty winds to parts of Sinaloa and Jalisco. When the National Hurricane Center upgraded Tropical Depression Twenty-Seven-E to Tropical Storm Zeke on October 25, it marked the first time that a storm name beginning with the letter "Z" was used on record in the basin. Zeke also continued to further the record of named storms in a single season in the eastern Pacific, being the 24th tropical storm. See also Other storms of the same name 1992 Pacific hurricane season References External links The National Hurricane Center's Preliminary Report on Tropical Storm Zeke 1992 Pacific hurricane season Eastern Pacific tropical storms Hurricanes in Sinaloa Hurricanes in Baja California Sur Hurricanes in Jalisco

39364533

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Oracle%20Institute

The Oracle Institute

The Oracle Institute is a 501(c)(3) educational charity founded in 2004 by Laura M. George and located in Independence, Virginia. Oracle operates a multi-faith spirituality school, an award-winning publishing house, the Peace Pentagon HUB and conference center, and programs that support pluralistic and progressive values. Oracle's stated purpose is to serve as "An Advocate for Peace and a Vanguard for Conscious Evolution," and its formal mission statement is an adaptation of Thomas Jefferson's Act for Religious Freedom. Spirituality School Oracle's spirituality school offers courses, conferences, and retreats which focus on the five primary religions (Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam), indigenous wisdom traditions, New Age philosophies, peace-building, social justice, and sustainability. In 2015, Oracle sponsored the "Building the New World Conference" at Radford University, which featured futurists Barbara Marx Hubbard, Jerome C. Glenn, and Charles Eisenstein. In 2020, Oracle hosted a virtual "Building the New World Summit," featuring David Korten, Riane Eisler, David Sloan Wilson, Kurt Johnson, David Suzuki, Alex Grey, and Paul K. Chappell. Publishing Houses Oracle publishes books under its imprints, Oracle Institute Press and Peace Pentagon Press. Genres include religion and spirituality, personal growth and social evolution, mysticism, the arts, and children's fiction. Oracle Institute Press has won five book awards, including two Independent Publisher Book Awards in the Religion category, the Young Voices Seal of Approval for children's fiction, and two Indie Book Awards in the Spirituality and Performing Arts categories. Peace Pentagon In 2012, after two years of litigation, during which Oracle was represented by The Rutherford Institute, Oracle achieved the right to build the "Peace Pentagon" along the New River in Grayson County, Virginia. The Peace Pentagon is an energy-efficient PassivHaus structure with a multi-faith sanctuary and conference facilities. Valley of Light In 2015, Oracle founded an intentional community called the "Valley of Light" for cultural creatives who live and work at the Oracle Campus. The Valley of Light micro-community was inspired by the Federation of Damanhur, whose Ambassadors regularly visit Oracle Campus. The Valley of Light is a member of the Fellowship for Intentional Community. WCPA & ECI Headquarters In 2020, the Peace Pentagon at Oracle Campus became the United States headquarters for the Earth Constitution Institute (ECI) and the World Constitution and Parliament Association (WCPA), international organizations dedicated to World Federalism and the adoption of the Earth Constitution. Laura M. George In 2022, Oracle’s founder Laura M. George was named an Evolutionary Leader. Publications Authors published by the Oracle Institute Press include Oberto "Falco" Airaudi, Yuval Ron, Patricia Albere, Valerie Tarico, PhD, Glen T. Martin, PhD, and Oracle's founder, Rev. Laura M. George, JD. The Truth: About the Five Primary Religions. Laura M. George (1st Ed. © 2006; 2nd Ed. © 2010). Winner of a 2006 IPPY Award. Oracle Institute Press: The Love: Of the Fifth Spiritual Paradigm. Laura M. George with contributions from Desmond Tutu, Bill McKibben, Aung San Suu Kyi, Maya Angelou, David Suzuki, Wendell Berry, Stephen Dunn, Alex Grey, Brian McLaren, Chris Mercogliano, Andrew Cohen and others (© 2010). Oracle Institute Press: Trusting Doubt: A Former Evangelical Looks at Old Beliefs in a New Light. Valerie Tarico (1st Ed. © 2010; 2nd Ed. © 2017). Winner of a 2011 IPPY Award. Oracle Institute Press: Deas and Other Imaginings: Ten Spiritual Folktales for Children. Valerie Tarico (1st Ed. © 2011). Winner of Young Voices Seal of Approval. The Oracle Institute Press: Bral Talej: Damanhur Divination Cards. Shama Viola and Oberto Airaudi (© 2011). The Oracle Institute Press: UPC 8032937910017 Dying to Learn: First Book of the Initiate. Oberto Airaudi with a Foreword by Laura M. George (Rev. English Ed. © 2012). The Oracle Institute Press: Reborn to Live: Second Book of the Initiate. Oberto Airaudi with a Foreword by Alex Grey (Revised English Ed. © 2013). The Oracle Institute Press: Seven Scarlet Doors: Third Book of the Initiate. Oberto Airaudi with a Foreword by Barbara Marx Hubbard (Rev. English Ed. © 2013). The Oracle Institute Press: Divine Attunement: Music as a Path to Wisdom. Yuval Ron with a Foreword by Zia Inayat-Khan (© 2014). Winner of two Indie Book Awards. Oracle Institute Press: Evolutionary Relationships: Unleashing the Power of Mutual Awakening. Patricia Albere with a Foreword by Katherine Woodward Thomas (© 2017). Oracle Institute Press: The Earth Constitution Solution: Design for a Living Planet. Glen T. Martin with a Foreword by Ellen Brown (© 2020). Peace Pentagon Press, an imprint of Oracle Institute Press: The Light: And the New Human. Laura M. George (© 2022). Oracle Institute Press: ISBN 978-1-937465-32-2 See also World Constitution and Parliament Association External links The Oracle Institute Website Peace Pentagon HUB Website Earth Constitution Institute Website World Constitution and Parliament Association Website References Spiritual organizations Interfaith organizations Non-profit organizations based in Independence, Virginia 501(c)(3) organizations

4493666

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Babell

William Babell

William Babell (or Babel) (c. 1690 - 23 September 1723) was an English musician, composer and prolific arranger of vocal music for harpsichord. Life He received his musical training from his father, Charles Babel, a bassoonist in the Drury Lane orchestra, Johann Christoph Pepusch and possibly George Frideric Handel. He played violin in the private band of George I and appeared as a harpsichordist from 1711, often appearing with William Corbett, James Paisible and later Matthew Dubourg. He was associated with Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre. From November 1718 until his death, he was organist at All Hallows, Bread Street, and was succeeded by John Stanley. He wrote numerous keyboard arrangements of arias from popular operas of his time. These were published in France, the Netherlands and Germany as well as in England, and formed the basis of his musical reputation. His style was strongly influenced by his close acquaintance with Handel. Johann Mattheson thought he surpassed Handel as an organ virtuoso, but music historian Charles Burney criticised his manner of playing arrangements, charging that he: Despite Burney's criticism, fellow music historian Sir John Hawkins thought they 'succeeded so well ... as to make from it a book of lessons which few could play but himself, and which has long been deservedly celebrated.' Babell's transcription of arias from Handel's opera Rinaldo includes 'Vo' far guerra', which Handel intended as a showpiece for his harpsichord playing and is quite remarkable in its virtuosity; Babell's transcription was made from his memory of how Handel improvised in performances. In 1894, Friedrich Chrysander published Babell's arrangement of 'Vo' far guerra' in the Händel-Gesellschaft volume 48. Babell also wrote original sonatas for violin or oboe and continuo, concertos and other miscellaneous works, including an Ode for St. Cecelia's day, now lost. His slow movements are thought to show valuable insight into early 18th-century practices of ornamentation and extemporization. The six Concertos op.3 in 7 parts were published in 1726 by John Walsh, three years after the composer's death. They are variously for one or more sixth flutes or soprano recorders in d”. A recording of all six by Anna Stegmann and the Ensemble Odyssee was issued in 2016. His early death was attributed to 'intemperate habits'. He died in Canonbury, Islington and was buried in All Hallows Church, Bread Street. Printed works The 3rd Book of the Ladys Entertainment, or Banquet of Musick [harpsichord arrangements] (1709) The 4th Book of the Ladys Entertainment [harpsichord arrangements] (1716) Suits of the Most Celebrated Lessons [harpsichord arrangements of Handel, some original material] (1717), reprinted as Suits of Harpsichord and Spinnet Lessons (1718) The Harpsichord Master Improved … with a Choice Collection of Newest and Most Air'y Lessons (1718) Trios de diefferents autheurs choises & mis en ordre par Mr Babel [harpsichord arrangements] (1720) XII Solos … with Proper Graces Adapted to Each Adagio, book 1 (violin/oboe, harpsichord) (c. 1725) XII Solos … with Proper Graces Adapted to Each Adagio, book 2 (violin/oboe/flute, harpsichord) Concertos in 7 Parts for violins and small flute, or sixth flute (soprano recorder in D), op. 3 (c. 1726) Mariana's Charms Wound my Heart. A new Song for the Spinnet by W. B. Would You I the Thing Discover. A Song. Design'd to be Sung ... in the third Act of the Play called 'Tis well if it Takes, the words by Mr. Theobald, etc. (1720?) Works in manuscript Overture in A major, for two solo violins, solo violoncello, orchestra and continuo, with a cembalo solo part in the last movement. Add. MS 71209, which contains original and arranged music for harpsichord in Babell's own hand. Among the pieces are an arrangement of the allegro from Handel's Il Pastor Fido with indications for string accompaniment, and two aria arrangements each with an original prelude. The first aria being Caro bene from the pasticcio Clotilda (a similar arrangement in GB-Lfom, Coke 1257) and the second being an early version of Babell's arrangement of Handel's aria Vo' far guerra from Rinaldo found in Suits of the Most Celebrated Lessons. GB-Lfom, Coke 1257; contains a collection of preludes and arrangements similar to Babell's Suits of the Most Celebrated Lessons with several having original preludes unique to this collection. I-BGi, Ms XIV 8751 H.1 (the Bergamo manuscript) contains eleven toccatas, two suites, seven preludes, a single allemande and a fragmentary arrangement of Henry Carey's 'Sally in our alley'. Several concordances suggest Babell's authorship of most if not all of the music in the manuscript. Sources and references Gerald Gifford (with Terence Best): 'Babell [Babel], William', Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy, http://www.grovemusic.com/, (accessed 2007-05-01) J. A. F. Maitland, 'Babell, William (1689/90–1723)’, rev. K. D. Reynolds, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, http://www.oxforddnb.com/, (accessed 2007-05-01) Further reading B. Gustafson: The Legacy in Instrumental Music of Charles Babel, Prolific Transcriber of Lully's Music G. Pont: An Early 18th-Century Manuscript of Harpsichord Music: William Babell and Handel's Vo' far guerra, British Library Journal, xxi (1996), 176–83 F. Palmer: William Babell's Twenty-Four Oboe Sonatas, Double Reed, iv/2 (1981), 23 Scores - the transcriptions from Handel in the complete Handel edition (includes 'Vo' far guerra'). 17th-century births 1723 deaths English Baroque composers English classical composers English classical violinists British male violinists English classical organists British male organists British harpsichordists 18th-century keyboardists 18th-century classical composers 18th-century British male musicians English male classical composers Male classical violinists Male classical organists

22382070

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Stern%20%28journalist%29

Michael Stern (journalist)

Michael Stern (August 3, 1910 – April 7, 2009) was an American reporter, author and philanthropist. As a reporter during World War II he issued some of the first accounts from a liberated Rome, Italy in June 1944. He later worked in concert with Zachary Fisher to create the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum in New York City, United States. Early life Stern was born on August 3, 1910, at a farm in the Brooklyn borough of New York City and attended Alexander Hamilton High School (now Paul Robeson High School) there. He majored in journalism at Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, leaving school just before his graduation. Journalism After leaving college, he took a job at The New York Journal in New York City but left for a better position at the Middletown Times-Herald (now the Times Herald-Record), Middletown, New York. During the early 1930s, Stern worked on a part-time basis in the office of the Kings County, New York, District Attorney where his investigation led to the conviction of those behind a prostitution ring; it became the basis for his 1936 book, The White Ticket: Commercialized Vice in the Machine Age. He was hired by Bernarr Macfadden in 1933 at the rate of 3.5 cents per word as an investigative reporter for Macfadden's pulp magazines, such as True Detective Mysteries. Stern wrote under pseudonyms for other similar publications, earning at times half of Macfadden's rate per word. Stern worked for True magazine under an assumed name where he wrote a series of articles about former Nazi Party official Otto Strasser, who formed the anti-Nazi Black Front and left Germany to escape Adolf Hitler. These articles were later published in book form as Flight From Terror, which he wrote together with Strasser. He was granted a bachelor's degree from Syracuse University based on the book. His interviews with the crew of the B-17 Flying Fortress bomber Memphis Belle were the basis for his book Into the Jaws of Death. World War II and Rome With the U.S. Army during World War II, he was a war correspondent starting in 1943 for the North American Newspaper Alliance and Fawcett Publications, publisher of True. He followed Allied forces to Algeria as part of Operation Torch, and accompanied the Allied troops during their invasion of Sicily and their subsequent invasion of mainland Italy. Together with Fred Rosen, Stern entered Rome on June 3, 1944, one day before the American forces, under General Mark Wayne Clark, took control of the city from the retreating German Army. He stayed in Rome for the next 50 years, reporting on Sicilian mobster Lucky Luciano and other colorful characters from that period. In 1947 he managed to interview with the Italian bandit Salvatore Giuliano which was published in True magazine in 1947. These profiles were collected for his 1953 book No Innocence Abroad, which included details of the Holohan Murder Case, in which an American OSS agent in Italy behind enemy lines was killed in 1944 by his own men. After former Lt. Aldo Icardi was charged with perjury in August 1955 based on his testimony to a Congressional subcommittee about the circumstances of Holahan's death(case was dismissed by the Hon. Keech), The New York Times credited Stern's investigations, in addition to efforts by Holahan's brother and those of U.S. and Italian authorities, in having the case pursued. Robert Ruark wrote the foreword for Stern's 1964 book, An American in Rome, describing Stern as "a legend in modern Rome" who is "a tough boy, and... writes tough prose". Filmmaker Stern entered film production while in Rome. His first film was the 1960 movie Femmine di lusso (released in the United States as Love, the Italian Way), directed by Giorgio Bianchi and starring Elke Sommer and Ugo Tognazzi; The 1967 film L'Avventuriero (also released as The Rover), directed by Terence Young, starred Rita Hayworth and Anthony Quinn; Tognazzi also starred in the 1968 version of Satyricon, directed by Gian Luigi Polidoro. His 1988 film Run for Your Life starred Lauren Hutton and George Segal. Philanthropy During his travels to the U.S., Stern developed a friendship with builder and philanthropist Zachary Fisher. Together, they established the Intrepid Museum Foundation in 1978 to raise the funds needed to establish the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum, on the Hudson River in the Manhattan borough of New York City which opened in 1982. The two also collaborated on the creation of the Fisher House program to create lodging for families of those military personnel who have been in medical-care facilities and the Fisher Center for Alzheimer's Research Foundation at Rockefeller University, New York City. He created the Michael Stern Parkinson's Research Foundation in 2001. Currently, actor Michael J. Fox (who was diagnosed with Parkinson's in 1991) is hoping to merge their two charities, seeing promising research in Stern's foundation. Personal He married Estelle Goldstein in 1934; she died in 1995. A resident of Lake Worth, Florida, Stern died at age 98 on April 7, 2009, in Lake Worth, Florida, Florida, due to pancreatic cancer. He was survived by a son, a daughter and a granddaughter. References 1910 births 2009 deaths Journalists from Brooklyn Philanthropists from New York (state) American reporters and correspondents Deaths from cancer in Florida Deaths from pancreatic cancer Journalists from Rome People from Lake Worth Beach, Florida Syracuse University alumni Museum founders 20th-century American philanthropists

5614195

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%27s%2034th%20congressional%20district

California's 34th congressional district

California's 34th congressional district is a U.S. congressional district in California. Located in Los Angeles County, the district is represented by Democrat Jimmy Gomez. Its previous U.S. representative, Democrat Xavier Becerra of Los Angeles, resigned January 24, 2017, to become attorney general of California. Representative Gomez won a special election on June 6, 2017, beating fellow Democrat Robert Lee Ahn to replace Becerra. He was later sworn in as the district's U.S. representative on July 11, 2017. The district is almost entirely within the City of Los Angeles and includes the following neighborhoods in Central, East, and Northeast Los Angeles: Boyle Heights, Chinatown, City Terrace, Cypress Park, Downtown Los Angeles, Eagle Rock, El Sereno, Garvanza, Glassell Park, Highland Park, Koreatown, Little Bangladesh, Little Tokyo, Lincoln Heights, Montecito Heights, Monterey Hills, Mount Washington, and Westlake. Recent results in statewide elections Composition As of the 2020 redistricting, California's 34th congressional district is located in Southern California. The district is almost entirely within the city of Los Angeles. Los Angeles County is split between this district, the 28th district, the 30th district, the 37th district, the 38th district, and the 42nd district. The 34th and 28th are partitioned by Colorado Blvd, Lantana Dr, Church St, Adelaide Pl, Highway 110, N Huntingdon Dr, S Winchester Ave, Valley Blvd, Laguna Channel, Highway 710, l-10 Express Ln, Rollins Dr, Floral Dr, E Colonia, Belvedere Park, Highway 60, S Atlantic Blvd, and Pomona Blvd. The 34th, 37th and 30th are partitioned by S Alameda St, E 7th St, Harbor Freeway, Highway 10, S Normandie Ave, W Pico Blvd, Crenshaw Blvd, Wilshire Blvd, S Van Ness Ave, S Wilton Pl, N Wilton Pl, Beverly Blvd, N Western Ave, Melrose Ave, Hollywood Freeway, Douglas St, Lilac Ter, N Boylston St, Academy Rd, Pasadena Freeway, Highway 5, Duvall St, Blake Ave, Fernleaf St, Crystal St, Blake Ave, Meadowvale Ave, Los Angeles, Benedict St, N Coolidge Ave, Glendale Freeway, Roswell St, Delay Dr, Fletcher Dr, Southern Pacific Railroad, S Glendale Ave, Vista Superba Dr, Verdugo Rd, Plumas St, Carr Park, Harvey Dr, and Eagle Rock Hilside Park. The 34th, 38th and 42nd are partitioned by S Gerhart Ave, Simmons Ave, Dewar Ave, W Beverly Blvd, Repetto Ave, Allston St, S Concourse Ave, Ferguson Dr, Simmons Ave/S Gerhart Ave, Highway 72, Goodrich Blvd, Telegraph Rd, S Marianna Ave, Noakes St, S Bonnie Beach Pl, Union Pacific Ave, S Indiana St, Union Pacific Railroad, Holabird Ave, S Grande Vista Ave, AT & SF Railway, Harriet St, and E 25th St. The 34th district takes in the Los Angeles neighborhoods of Boyle Heights, Lincoln Heights, Naud Junction, El Sereno, Highland Park, Glassell Park, Mount Washington, Eagle Rock, and Garvanza, as well as the census-designated place East Los Angeles. Cities & CDP with 10,000 or more people Los Angeles - 3,898,747 East Los Angeles - 118,786 List of members representing the district Election results 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2017 (Special) 2018 2020 2022 Historical district boundaries From 2003 through 2013, the district consisted of parts of downtown Los Angeles, including Downey, Bellflower and Maywood. Due to redistricting after the 2010 United States Census, the district pivoted north east within Los Angeles County and still includes downtown Los Angeles and areas north east. See also List of United States congressional districts References External links California's 34th congressional district, GovTrack.US RAND California Election Returns: District Definitions California Voter Foundation map - CD34 34 Government of Los Angeles County, California Government of Los Angeles Central Los Angeles Eastside Los Angeles Northeast Los Angeles Boyle Heights, Los Angeles Chinatown, Los Angeles Downtown Los Angeles Cypress Park, Los Angeles Eagle Rock, Los Angeles El Sereno, Los Angeles Glassell Park, Los Angeles Highland Park, Los Angeles Koreatown, Los Angeles Lincoln Heights, Los Angeles Little Tokyo, Los Angeles Los Angeles River Montecito Heights, Los Angeles Mount Washington, Los Angeles Westlake, Los Angeles Constituencies established in 1963 1963 establishments in California

2142386

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delgado

Delgado

Delgado is a Spanish and Portuguese surname originating from latin "delicatus" meaning delicate or soft. Notable people with the surname include: Adrián Delgado, Venezuelan actor Agustín Delgado (born 1974), Ecuadorian footballer Aidan Delgado, American conscientious objector and anti-war activist Alberto Delgado Pérez, Cuban footballer Alberto Delgado (jockey), American jockey Alex Delgado, Venezuelan baseball player Álvaro Delgado, Mexican journalist Ángel Delgado (born 1994), Dominican Republic basketball player Anita Delgado, Spanish flamenco dancer Antonio Delgado, New York politician Ayax Delgado, Nicaraguan student activist Camilo Delgado, Puerto Rican television host Campo Elías Delgado Morales (1934-1986), Colombian spree killer Carlos Delgado (born 1972), Puerto Rican baseball player Carmenza Delgado, Colombian weightlifter César Delgado (born 1981), Argentine footballer Chiquinquirá Delgado (born 1972), Venezuelan actress Clarence Delgado (born 2004), Filipino teen actor Darío Delgado (disambiguation), multiple people Delgado (footballer), Portuguese footballer, full name José Manuel Mota Delgado Dimas Delgado, Spanish footballer Emilio Delgado (1940–2022), Mexican-American actor Fernando Eduardo Delgado, Venezuelan composer Francisco Afan Delgado, Philippine lawyer and politician Frank Delgado (disambiguation), multiple people Gabi Delgado-López, Spanish/German industrial musician Humberto Delgado, Portuguese general Isaac Delgado, New Orleans philanthropist Issac Delgado (born 1962), Cuban musician James P. Delgado, Canadian maritime archaeologist Jamie Delgado, British tennis player José Raúl Delgado, Cuban baseball player Junior Delgado, Jamaican reggae star Lauro Delgado, Filipino actor Lorena Delgado Varas (born 1974), Swedish politician Lota Delgado, Filipina actress Luis Delgado (disambiguation), multiple people Luís Delgado, Angolan footballer Marcel Delgado, Mexican sculptor Marcelo Delgado, Argentine footballer Martin Teofilo Delgado, Philippine revolutionary Matías Emilio Delgado (born 1982), Argentine footballer Nieves Delgado (born 1968), Spanish writer Noémia Delgado, Portuguese television and film screenwriter, film editor and director Paco Delgado, Spanish costume designer Patricia Delgado, American ballet dancer Pedro Delgado (born 1960), Spanish cyclist Ramón Delgado (born 1976), Paraguayan tennis player Rebeca Delgado (born 1966), Bolivian politician Rebekah Delgado, British singer-songwriter Richard Delgado (born 1939), American lawyer, legal educator and writer Ricardo Delgado (comics), Costa Rican comic book and animation artist Roger Delgado, British actor Silviano Delgado, Mexican footballer Trixi Delgado, German singer William Delgado (born 1956), American politician Maternal family name José Miguel Arroyo Delgado, Spanish bullfighter Estuardo Díaz Delgado, Peruvian mayor Campo Elías Delgado, Colombian murderer José Ramos Delgado (1935–2010), Argentine footballer and manager José Manuel Rodriguez Delgado (1915–2011), Spanish scientist Fictional characters Boman Delgado, fictional character from Rival Schools Dan Delgado, fictional character from The Others and The Infinite Timeline books by Jeremy Robinson Danny Delgado, fictional character from Power Rangers Wild Force Elizabeth "Z" Delgado, fictional character from Power Rangers S.P.D. Hoss Delgado, fictional character from The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy Leo Delgado, fictional character from Inversion Marco Delgado (comics), a character from Marvel Comics Rico Delgado, fictional character from Hitman Susan Delgado (fictional character), character from The Dark Tower Yamato Delgado, character in Battle B-Daman anime Spanish-language surnames Portuguese-language surnames Surnames from nicknames

56557946

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondwana%20Kingdom

Gondwana Kingdom

Gondwana Kingdom was the ruling kingdom in Gondwana region of India. The Gondwana region includes core region of eastern part of the Vidarbha of Maharashtra, Garha Kingdom the parts of Madhya Pradesh immediately to the north of it, and parts of the west of Chhattisgarh. The wider region extends beyond these, also including parts of northern Telangana, western Odisha and southern Uttar Pradesh. The Gondwana Kingdom was ruled by Rajgonds. The Rajgonds are the ruling class among the Gond. The Gond is the dominating Community in Gondwana region. The name Gondwana named after Gondi people. Gonds are followers of the nature-based religion Gondi Religion/Koyapunem. Gondwana means "Country inhabited by Gonds". In the early period, Gondwana kingdom consisted of majorly four kingdoms- The Northern Gondwana was Garha Katanga or Garha Mandla Kingdom of Jabalpur and Southern part was Chanda Kingdom of Chandrapur. The western past was Kherla Kingdom of Betul and in 16th century Deogarh Kingdom of Nagpur and Chhindwara emerged as a strong kingdom. The Gonds were first mentioned in 14th-century Muslim chronicles. From the 14th to the 18th century the area was held by powerful Gond dynasties, which during Mughal times remained independent or served as tributary chiefs. When in the 18th century the Gonds were conquered by the Marathas, the greater part of Gondwana was incorporated into the dominions of the Bhonsle rajas of Nagpur or the nizams of Hyderabad. Many Gonds took refuge in relatively inaccessible highlands and became tribal raiders. Between 1818 and 1853 the greater part of the region passed to the British, although in some minor states the Gond rajas continued to rule until Indian independence in 1947. The Gondwana express train runs between Raigarh and Hazrat Nizamuddin in India. It is a five-day service. It operates as train number 12409 from Raigarh to Hazrat Nizamuddin and as train number 12410 in the reverse direction after the name of Gondwana kingdom. Emblem of Gondwana State For over a millennium in South Asia, the visual trope of a triumphant lion vanquishing one or several elephants has been common in architectural sculpture, both in the round and in relief. In the rather limited scholarship on this motif, diverse interpretations have been offered. Although its presence has remained fairly stable through time, there exist many minor variations on this motif, including the use of leonine creatures variously described as vyālas or yālīs, and the incorporation of other fantastic creatures known popularly as makaras in such combats.In South India, the myth of the fantastic composite animal called the Śarabha takes this imagery yet further. Yet, the simple image of a lion victorious over one or more elephants was situated very strategically within certain architectural programs for given periods and places.For example, Gondwana Kingdom forts,Deccani forts constructed between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries carried this representation on their barbicans and gateways. History Deogad-Nagpur Kingdom The second kingdom of Deogad (Chhindwada in Madhya Pradesh and Nagpur in Maharashtra), was created by King Jatba in the 15th century. One of his successors, Bakht Buland Shah, converted to Islam to win the favour of emperor Aurangzeb. However, he did not demand conversion from his subjects and married a Gond woman. He fell into disfavour in Delhi after he plundered some Muslim kingdoms of Deccan. The city of Nagpur was founded by the king of Deogad Raja Bakht Buland Shah in 1702. The kingdom of Nagpur and later came under the rule of the Nagpur Bhonsles. Chanda Kingdom The 10th ruler of the Gond dynasty of Chanda, Khadkya Ballal Shah (1472 -1497 CE), who made Chandrapur his capital. The Chanda kingdom (Chandrapur in Maharashtra), a contemporary of the Kherla and Deogadh kingdoms, produced several remarkable rulers who developed excellent irrigation systems and the first well defined revenue system among the Gond kingdoms. See also Rani Kamlapati, a Gond queen References External links Kings of Gondwana Sangram Shah had issued some square coins. 4th century BC in India History of Maharashtra History of Madhya Pradesh History of Chhattisgarh History of Telangana History of Odisha History of Uttar Pradesh

70855142

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachsenpfennig

Sachsenpfennig

The Sachsenpfennig ("Saxon pfennig"), sometimes called the Wendenpfennig or the Hochrandpfennig ("high rim pfennig"), was a well-known coin of the pfennig type minted in the eastern part of the Stem Duchy of Saxony during the 10th and 11th centuries. It had an upturned perimeter and, next to the Otto Adelheid Pfennig was the most common pfennig type of its time. Sachsenpfennigs are the oldest coins minted in Saxony. Its different names represent a lack of clarity within mediaeval numismatics about the coin. Names Julius Menadier called the pfennig type of the 10th and 11th centuries with an upturned rim the Sachsenpfennig because it was minted in eastern Saxony. The older name Wendenpfennig ("Wend pfennig") is inappropriate as a pfennig that the Wends minted, since they still regarded the coins as ingots or so-called hacksilver and did not mint any coins themselves. According to Menadier, the use of hacksilver and coins are mutually exclusive. East of the Elbe among the Slavs (Wends) and Scandinavians (Vikings), the merchants had developed a so-called bullion economy. When paying, silver was cut into the form of ingots, jewellery and coins and weighed with scales and weights. Across the whole of the Slavic lands, hoards of silver weighing several kilogrammes have occasionally survived; they comprise German and West European denarii, Oriental dirhems and Scandinavian jewellery. The pieces were mostly chopped up, broken or cut up. In Polish and English texts, the term cross denier (Polish: denary krzyzowe, German: Kreuzdenare) appears. An indisputable modern name for these coins is Hochrandpfennig ("high rim pfennig") or Randpfennig ("rim pfennig"). The different names indicate an unclear position in medieval numismatics. Their anonymity and their seemingly primitive coinage led to them being regarded as a separate coin group outside of the normal imperial coinage. Coin standard The oldest Sachsenpfennigs were based on the minting standard of the Carolingian monetary reform under which 240 pfennigs were minted from the Carolingian pound of silver weighing 367 g. Twelve pfennigs made one schilling. At that time, the schilling was not an actual coin, but the name of a dozen pfennigs, so it was just a unit of account. In theory, the pfennig weighed 1.5g, however, of the coins that have been found, the lightest were 0.95 g, the heaviest 1.90 g. From Roman antiquity, the talentum was adopted for the pound, solidus for the schilling and denarius for the pfennig. The mintmasters used mine-pure silver as the minting metal. In addition, circulating Roman denarii were melted down. Only pfennigs and pfennigs were minted. The pfennigs were called obole (Hälblinge = "halflings"). pfennigs (fertones) are mentioned, but they were only coins of account or were made by division, not by stamping. People were clearly happy to check the authenticity of a coin by biting it, as numerous deformed coins from this period show: if the metal gave way, the coin was genuine, if the tooth gave way, iron had been bitten. See also Saxon coin history References Literature Walther Haupt: Sächsische Münzkunde, Berlin 1974. Arthur Suhle: Die Münze. Von den Anfängen bis zur europäischen Neuzeit, Leipzig 1969. Hermann Dannenberg: Die deutschen Münzen der sächsischen und fränkischen Kaiserzeit, Band I–IV. Berlin 1876–1905. Heinz Fengler, Gerd Gierow, Willy Unger: transpress Lexikon Numismatik, Berlin 1976. Friedrich von Schrötter, N. Bauer, K. Regling, A. Suhle, R. Vasmer, J. Wilcke: Wörterbuch der Münzkunde, Berlin 1970 (Nachdruck der Originalausgabe von 1930), S. 580. Heinrich Beck, Bonn, Dieter Geuenich, Duisburg, Heiko Steuer, Freiburg (Hrsg.); begründet von Johannes Hoops: Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde, Band 26, Berlin 2004, S. 61–63. () Bernd Schneidmüller, Stefan Weinfurter (Hrsg.): Ottonische Neuanfänge / Symposion zur Ausstellung „Otto der Große, Magdeburg und Europa“, Mainz am Rhein, 2001. Darin: Bernd Kluge: OTTO REX / OTTO IMP. Zur Bestandsaufnahme der ottonischen Münzprägung. Julius Menadier: Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Geschichte des deutschen Münzwesens, Dritter Band, Berlin 1895. Darin: XVII. Die Otto-Adelheidpfennige S.170. Mittelalter-Forschungen, herausgegeben von Bernd Schneidmüller und Stefan Weinfurter, Band 16. Aufbruch ins zweite Jahrtausend, Innovation und Kontinuität in der Mitte des Mittelalters, Herausgegeben von Achim Hubel und Bernd Schneidmüller. Darin: Heiko Steuer: Münzprägung, Silberströme und Bergbau um das Jahr 1000 in Europa – wirtschaftlicher Aufbruch und technische Innovation, S. 122. Kaiserin Adelheid und ihre Klostergründung in Selz. Referate der wissenschaftlichen Tagung in Landau und Selz vom 15. bis 17. Oktober 1999. Herausgegeben von Franz Staab und Thorsten Unger 2005. Darin: Bernd Kluge: ATHALHET, ATEAHLHT und ADELDEIDA. Das Rätsel der Otto-Adelheid-Pfennige. Numismatischer Verlag Künker: 1.000 Jahre Europäische Münzgeschichte – Glanz und Faszination des Mittelalters, Osnabrück 2012. Darin: Sachsenpfennige S. 137 (Magdeburg) und Otto-Adelheid-Pfennige, S. 107/108 (hier aus dem Raum Goslar). (). Walter Hävernick (Hrsg.): Numismatische Studien, Heft 3/4. Vera Jammer: Die Anfänge der Münzprägung im Herzogtum Sachsen (10. und 11. Jahrhundert), Hamburg 1952. Christoph Kilger: Pfennigmärkte und Währungslandschaften, Monetarisierungen im sächsisch-slawischen Grenzland ca. 965 – 1120, Stockholm 2000. External links mcsearch: Sachsenpfennig of Carolingian design. mcsearch: Sachsenpfennig with the name ODDO in a church portal and on the reverse with a cross with balls in the corners. mcsearch: Sachsenpfennig with MAGADEBVRG on the obverse and IN NOMINE DNI AMEN on the reverse. mcsearch: Sachsenpfennig, mint of the Archbishops of Magdeburg, Halle an der Saale. Vs. with Krummstab. mcsearch: Upper Saxony, Imperial MintMagdeburg, Denar (Hochrandpfennig) undated (984–995), so-called Otto Adelheid Pfennig, (Dan. 1167). Silver coins Coins of the Holy Roman Empire Viking Age History of Saxony Pfennig

23931786

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third%20Pole

Third Pole

The Third Pole, also known as the Hindu Kush-Karakoram-Himalayan system (HKKH), is a mountainous region west and south of the Tibetan Plateau. Part of High-Mountain Asia, it spreads over an area of more than across nine countries, i.e. Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Tajikistan. The area is nicknamed "Third Pole" because its mountain glaciers and snowfields store more frozen water than anywhere else in the world except for the Arctic and Antarctic polar caps. With the world's loftiest mountains, comprising all 14 peaks above , it is the source of 10 major rivers, and forms a global ecological buffer. The Third Pole area possesses huge socioeconomic and cultural variance; being home to a range of ethnic communities conversing in more than 600 languages and many more dialects. It is rich with natural resources and consists of all or some of four global biodiversity hotspots. The mountain resources administer a wide range of ecosystem benefits and the base for the drinking water, food production and livelihoods to the 220 million inhabitants of the region, as well as indirectly to the 1.3 billion people — one sixth of the world's population — living in the downstream river basins. More than 3 billion people benefit from the food and energy produced in these river basins whose headwaters rely on meltwaters and precipitations that run off these mountains. Third Pole and climate change Climate change is now a key concern in the Third Pole. Mountain set-ups are especially sensitive to climate change and the Third Pole area is inhabited by a populace most susceptible to these global alterations. Modifications in the river systems have had a direct impact on the contentment of a multitude of people. The rate of warming in the Third Pole is considerably greater than the global average, and the rate is increased at an elevated altitude, indicating a greater susceptibility of the cryosphere environment to climate change. This trend is expected to continue. Climate change projections suggest that all areas of South Asia are likely to warm by at least 1 °C by the turn of the century, while in some areas the warming could be as much as 3.5 to 4 °C. The lives and livelihoods of those living in the Third Pole region are challenged by climate change, and the security and development of the region impacted by the Third Pole are in peril. This will have ramifications for the entire continent, and indeed the effects will be felt worldwide. However, there is insufficient awareness of this risk and its potential knock-on effects outside of the impacted region; a special effort is required to increase the attention given to the fragility of the mountain social-ecological set-up. Efforts for monitoring climate change and its impacts in the TP region World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has planned to set up a network of regional climate centers in this region and named this as TP-RCC Network. A "Scoping Meeting on the Implementation of Third Pole Regional Climate Centres Network" was held during 27 March to 28 March 2018 at WMO Headquarters Office in Geneva, Switzerland. In this meeting it was decided that China, India and Pakistan will be the leading nodes for this network. Another meeting, "Implementation Planning Meeting of the Third Pole Regional Climate Centre Network", was also conducted during 13 December to 14 December 2018 in Beijing, China. An international scientific programme called the Third Pole Environment or TPE has set up 11 ground stations and tethered balloons since 2014, working with the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Beijing. This monitoring network is already larger than similar efforts in Antarctica and the Arctic, and almost doubles the number of such stations around the world. Another proposed programme named "Enhancing Climate Resilience in the Third Pole" by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) seeks to strengthen the use of weather, water and climate services in the Third Pole region to adapt to climate variability and change and to apply well-informed risk management approaches and will be implemented under the umbrella of the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS). The proposed programme reflects the recommendations stemming from the “Regional Consultation on Climate Services for the Third Pole and other High Mountain Regions 2" that was held on 9–11 March 2016 in Jaipur, India. The consultation brought together experts from the NMHSs and key decision-makers and practitioners from the five priority areas of the GFCS (agriculture and food security, energy, health, water and disaster risk reduction). The programme's objectives will be achieved by strengthening regional support networks and institutional capacities, developing tools and products that are needed for anticipating climate variability and change. The primary measurable benefits include approximately 260 million direct and 1.3 billion indirect beneficiaries from the region who will gain access to critical weather and climate information, which will result in reduced disaster risk, improved water resources management and improved agricultural productivity. The regional component is complemented by a continuum of synergistic national components in each of the countries within the Third Pole region. The activities that will be implemented at the national level will demonstrate the value of effective application/integration of the enhanced capacity at regional level that will result in improved agricultural production, reduced disaster risk and improved water management in least developed countries (LDCs) in the Third Pole (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Myanmar). The programme is aligned with the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) of LDCs in the Third Pole (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Myanmar) which place agriculture followed by disaster risk reduction and water as top priority sectors for adaptation actions. The Programme has three main objectives: Enhance climate information services to better anticipate the effects of climate change on the cryosphere for vulnerability and adaptation assessment and planning; Improve early warning for extreme weather/climate events (i.e. heatwaves, droughts, GLOFs, landslides, etc.) to reduce the impacts of disasters on human lives and livelihoods; Strengthen the provision and use of weather and climate services for agricultural risk management and water management. A comprehensive inventory of glaciers and glacial lakes in the Pakistani part of the Third Pole has been successfully completed. References Polar regions of the Earth

348948

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Bond%20%28ornithologist%29

James Bond (ornithologist)

James Bond (January 4, 1900 – February 14, 1989) was an American ornithologist and expert on the birds of the Caribbean, having written the definitive book on the subject: Birds of the West Indies, first published in 1936. He served as a curator of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. His name was appropriated by writer Ian Fleming for his fictional British spy of the same name; the real Bond enjoyed knowing his name was being used this way, and references to him permeate the resulting media franchise. Life and career Bond was born on January 4, 1900, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Margaret Reeves ( Tyson) and Francis Edward Bond. His interest in natural history was spurred by an expedition his father undertook in 1911 to the Orinoco Delta. Bond was educated at the Delancey School followed by St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire, but after the death of his mother he moved with his father to the United Kingdom in 1914. There, he studied at Harrow and later Trinity College, Cambridge, where he obtained a B.A. in 1922 and was the sole American member of the Pitt Club. After graduating he moved back to the United States and worked for a banking firm for three years in Philadelphia. An interest in natural history prompted him to quit, and along with Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee, took out a loan to set out on an expedition to the Amazon to collect specimens for the Academy of Natural Sciences. Subsequently, he worked as an ornithologist at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, rising to become curator of ornithology there. He was an expert in Caribbean birds and wrote the definitive book on the subject: Birds of the West Indies, first published in 1936. From the 1920s to the 1960s, he took dozens of birding explorations to the West Indies. Bond won the Institute of Jamaica's Musgrave Medal in 1952; the Brewster Medal of the American Ornithologists' Union in 1954; and the Leidy Award of the Academy of Natural Sciences in 1975. He died in the Chestnut Hill Hospital in Philadelphia at age 89. He is interred in the church yard at Church of the Messiah in Gwynedd Valley, Pennsylvania. Bond's wife, the author Mary Fanning Wickham Bond née Porcher, who wrote several memoirs about her husband, died in 1997. Works One of Bond's early work in ornithology was through his maternal uncle Carroll Sargent Tyson Jr. (1878–1956). After the death of his mother, Bond spent time with his uncle, out in the outdoors in Mount Desert Island, Maine. In 1916, Tyson was prompted, inspired by Audubon's works, to produce large folios of the birds of Maine. Bond collected specimens of birds for his uncle to paint. This resulted in the production of 250 copies of the book The Birds of Mt. Desert Island (1941) with 20 chromolithographs. Bond's most enduring work was his guide to the Birds of the West Indies which was first published in 1936 and went into 11 editions during his lifetime. He published nearly 150 papers in various journals including descriptions of 63 new subspecies. His mother was a sister of the artist Carroll Sargent Tyson. James Bond noted that the distribution of hutias was limited by what he thought may have been a marine boundary. In 1973 David Lack proposed that this be called Bond's Line, a biogeographical boundary between Tobago and the Lesser Antilles that also divided birds of North and South American origin. In 2015 a new subspecies of hutia was described as Plagiodontia aedium bondi and named after Bond for his recognition of the biogeographical divide. Fictional namesake Ian Fleming, who was a keen bird watcher living in Jamaica, was familiar with Bond's book, and chose the name of its author for the hero of Casino Royale in 1953, apparently because he wanted a name that sounded "as ordinary as possible". Fleming wrote to the real Bond's wife, "It struck me that this brief, unromantic, Anglo-Saxon and yet very masculine name was just what I needed, and so a second James Bond was born." He did not contact the real James Bond about using his name in the books, and Bond did not learn of Fleming's character until the early 1960s, when Fleming's James Bond books became popular in the U.S. In 1964 during Fleming's annual winter stay at Goldeneye in Jamaica, James Bond and his wife visited Fleming unexpectedly. In his novel Dr. No Fleming referenced Bond's work by basing a large ornithological sanctuary on Dr. No's island in the Bahamas. In 1964, Fleming gave Bond a first edition copy of You Only Live Twice signed, "To the real James Bond, from the thief of his identity". In December 2008 the book was put up for auction, eventually fetching $84,000 (£56,000). James Bond's wife told Fleming that her husband saw the use of his name for the character as a good joke, to which Fleming replied "I can only offer your James Bond unlimited use of the name Ian Fleming...Perhaps one day he will discover some particularly horrible species of bird which he would like to christen in an insulting fashion." In 1966, James Bond's wife, Mary Fanning Wickham Bond, published a small book, "How 007 Got His Name". It details her husband's life and discovery of the appropriation of his name along with their meeting Ian Fleming and the Hilary Brays at Goldeneye on February 5, 1964. By happenstance, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation was filming an interview that day. In the 2002 Bond film Die Another Day, the fictional Bond, played by Pierce Brosnan, can be seen examining Birds of the West Indies in an early scene that takes place in Havana, Cuba. The author's name on the front cover is obscured. In the same film, when Bond first meets Jinx (Halle Berry), he introduces himself as an ornithologist. In the 2015 Bond film Spectre, the same book was seen in a promotional on-set photo, which is supposed to be appearing in an alternate take of a scene taking place in Bond's Chelsea apartment, though this is not in the final film. In the ITV Miss Marple murder mystery "A Caribbean Mystery", broadcast on 16 June 2013, Miss Marple meets Ian Fleming at a talk on "Birds of the West Indies", given by James Bond. Before the talk begins, Fleming tells Miss Marple that he's working on a new book, but trying to come up with a name for the character. When the speaker introduced himself, Fleming has a moment of inspiration and reaches for his notebook, as the first few bars of the film theme play. The talk by the ornithologist James Bond is on guano which figures in the background and plot of the James Bond spy novel Dr. No. This instance of James Bond was played by Charlie Higson, who wrote the Young Bond novels. The story of James Bond and his wife, Mary Fanning Wickham Bond, discovering Ian Fleming's theft of the name, before contacting and meeting Fleming at Goldeneye is told in the 2022 documentary The Other Fellow. The film chronicles the lives of several men named James Bond and shows a film, not previously broadcast, of the Bonds meeting Fleming, as well as interviews with James and Mary that were discovered by the film's director Matthew Bauer. References Sources External links American ornithologists 1900 births 1989 deaths Scientists from Philadelphia People educated at Harrow School Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge Recipients of the Musgrave Medal 20th-century American zoologists

27492937

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Purcell

Dick Purcell

Richard Gerold Purcell Jr. (August 6, 1905 – April 10, 1944) was an American actor best known for playing Marvel Comics' Captain America in the 1943 film serial, co-starring with Lorna Gray and Lionel Atwill. Purcell also appeared in films such as Tough Kid (1938), Accidents Will Happen (1938), Heroes in Blue (1939), Irish Luck (1939), The Bank Dick (1940), and King of the Zombies (1941). Early life Purcell was born in Greenwich, Connecticut in 1905 (not 1908, as many sources suggest). One of 5 children, he attended Catholic grade school and high school, before enrolling as a student at Fordham University in The Bronx in New York City. Career Purcell began his acting career on the stage in New York, appearing in at least three plays: Men in White, Sailor, Beware! and Paths of Glory. A talent scout saw Purcell's performance in Paths of Glory which led to a small role in the film Ceiling Zero (1936). In his next film, Man Hunt (1936), Purcell had a larger role as a newspaper reporter. Purcell appeared in eleven films in 1936 alone. Captain America serial Purcell got the title role in the 1944 Republic serial film Captain America despite being somewhat overweight. The script was loosely based on the comic book character Captain America. The serial has Captain America, whose everyday identity is District Attorney Grant Gardner, thwarting the attempts of The Scarab, the villainous alter ego of museum curator Dr. Cyrus Maldor, to acquire a pair of super weapon devices, the "Dynamic Vibrator" and "Electronic Firebolt". The serial, which would go on to be box office success, would be Republic's most expensive to make but also its last one about a superhero. Personal life Purcell eloped to Las Vegas with the actress Ethelind Terry. The two married on March 3, 1942, only to divorce on August 26, 1942. Death Shortly after he completed the Captain America film serial, and just before its general release, Purcell collapsed and died in the locker room of a Hollywood country club on 10 April 1944, shortly after playing a round of golf. His remains were interred at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City. Film historian Raymond Stedman speculated that the strain of filming Captain America was too much for his heart. Selected filmography The Doorway to Hell (1930) - Minor Role (uncredited) The Strange Love of Molly Louvain (1932) - Jimmy's College Friend (uncredited) Ceiling Zero (1936) - Smiley Freshman Love (1936) - Radio Announcer (uncredited) Man Hunt (1936) - Skip McHenry Brides Are Like That (1936) - Dr. Randolph Jenkins Snowed Under (1936) - Bert (uncredited) Times Square Playboy (1936) - Wally Calhoun The Law in Her Hands (1936) - Marty Bullets or Ballots (1936) - Ed Driscoll (credited as Richard Purcell) Public Enemy's Wife (1936) - Louie Bengal Tiger (1936) - Nick DeLargo Jailbreak (1936) - Ed Slayden The Case of the Velvet Claws (1936) - Crandal The Captain's Kid (1936) - George Chester King of Hockey (1936) - Gabby Dugan Navy Blues (1937) - Russell J. 'Rusty' Gibbs Men in Exile (1937) - Jimmy Carmody Melody for Two (1937) - Mel Lynch Draegerman Courage (1937) - Trapped Draegerman (uncredited) Slim (1937) - Tom Public Wedding (1937) - Joe Taylor Reported Missing (1937) - Paul Wayne Wine, Women and Horses (1937) - George Mayhew Alcatraz Island (1937) - 'Harp' Santell Missing Witnesses (1937) - 'Bull' Regan Daredevil Drivers (1938) - Bill Foster Over the Wall (1938) - Ace Scanlon Accidents Will Happen (1938) - Jim Faber Flight into Nowhere (1938) - Bill Kellogg Air Devils (1938) - Percy 'Slats' Harrington Mystery House (1938) - Lance O'Leary Penrod's Double Trouble (1938) - Tex Boyden Valley of the Giants (1938) - Creel Garden of the Moon (1938) - Rick Fulton Broadway Musketeers (1938) - Vincent 'Vince' Morrell Nancy Drew... Detective (1938) - Keiffer Tough Kid (1938) - 'Red' Murphy Blackwell's Island (1939) - Terry Walsh Streets of New York (1939) - T.P. 'Tap' Keenan Irish Luck (1939) - Steve Lanahan Heroes in Blue (1939) - Terry Murphy Outside the Three-Mile Limit (1940) - Agent Melvin Pierce New Moon (1940) - Alexander Private Affairs (1940) - Dick Cartwright Arise, My Love (1940) - Pink The Bank Dick (1940) - Mackley Q. Greene Flight Command (1940) - Lieut. 'Stichy' Payne King of the Zombies (1941) - James McCarthy Two in a Taxi (1941) - Bill Gratton Bullets for O'Hara (1941) - Wicks Flying Blind (1941) - Bob Fuller The Pittsburgh Kid (1941) - Cliff Halliday No Hands on the Clock (1941) - Red Harris Torpedo Boat (1942) - Ralph Andrews In Old California (1942) - Joe Dawson I Live on Danger (1942) - Norm Thompson The Old Homestead (1942) - Scarf Lennin Phantom Killer (1942) - Edward Arlington Clark X Marks the Spot (1942) - Police Lt. William 'Bill' Decker Reveille with Beverly (1943) - Andy Adams No Place for a Lady (1943) - Rand Brooke Idaho (1943) - Duke Springer Aerial Gunner (1943) - Pvt. Lancelot 'Gadget' Blaine High Explosive (1943) - Dave Mystery of the 13th Guest (1943) - Johnny Smith Timber Queen (1944) - Milt Holmes Captain America (1944, Serial) - Grant Gardner / Captain America Trocadero (1944) - Spike Nelson Leave It to the Irish (1944) - Pat Burke (final film role) References External links Dick Purcell biography 1905 births 1944 deaths Male actors from Greenwich, Connecticut 20th-century American male actors

10401175

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2/6th%20Armoured%20Regiment%20%28Australia%29

2/6th Armoured Regiment (Australia)

The 2/6th Armoured Regiment was an armoured regiment of the Australian Army that served during World War II. Raised in 1941 the Regiment took part in the Battle of Buna–Gona in 1942–43, however, it did not see further action during the war and was disbanded in September 1945. History The 2/6th Armoured Regiment was formed in August 1941 as part of the 1st Armoured Brigade of the 1st Armoured Division. Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel C.R Hodgson, the regiment recruited mainly from the state of New South Wales. It was initially located at Greta, New South Wales, and was equipped with Universal Carriers for training purposes, due to the shortage of other armoured vehicles. Following the outbreak of the Pacific War in December 1941, the regiment was deployed to defend Coffs Harbour against a feared Japanese attack. In May 1942 the 2/6th Armoured Regiment was moved to Singleton, New South Wales, and was equipped with M3 Stuart light tanks. Later they moved to Narrabri, New South Wales, where they took part in large-scale divisional exercises with the rest of the 1st Armoured Division. In September 1942, the regiment's 'A' Squadron was deployed to Port Moresby in New Guinea, making the 2/6th the first Australian armoured regiment to be deployed to an operational area in the Pacific theatre. Subsequently, the regimental headquarters and 'C' Squadron were also deployed to Port Moresby, while 'B' Squadron was deployed to Milne Bay in November 1942. During December 1942, 'B' and 'C' Squadrons were shipped to Buna on the north coast of Papua to help break the deadlock in the Battle of Buna–Gona. Although the lightly armoured Stuart tanks proved to be unsuited to jungle warfare and suffered heavy casualties, the regiment played an important role in the eventual Australian victory at Buna. In December, seven tanks were dispatched to take part in the fighting around Cape Endaiadere. Three Stuarts were lost on 18 December, while the other four were knocked out on 24 December when they were engaged by Japanese anti-aircraft artillery from point blank range. Reinforcements were brought up, though, and an attack was put in at Giropa Point on 29 December, although difficult terrain prevented a link up with the infantry. Further attacks occurred in January 1943 around the Sananada Track. In April 1943 the regiment was relieved and returned to Australia. Upon its return to Australia the 2/6th Armoured Regiment was incorporated into the 4th Armoured Brigade, which was the Australian Army's specialist jungle armoured formation. The regiment was transferred to the 1st Armoured Brigade Group in Western Australia in early 1943, however, and did not see further combat. After the 1st Armoured Brigade Group was disbanded in September 1944 due to manpower shortages and the decreasing strategic need for armour, the regiment operated as an independent formation until it rejoined the 4th Armoured Brigade in July 1945. Following the end of hostilities, the 2/6th Armoured Regiment was disbanded in February 1946. During the course of its service it lost 15 men killed in action or died on active service, while members of the regiment received the following awards: one Military Cross, one Military Medal and seven Mention in Despatches. Commanding officers Charles Ralph Hodgson (July 1941 – December 1942) Norman Lewis Moss (December 1942 – January 1943) James Baker McBean (January 1943 – February 1945) John Frederick Page Burt (February 1945 – September 1945). Battle honours For its service during World War II the 2/6th Armoured Regiment received three battle honours, these were: South-West Pacific 1942–43, Buna–Gona, Cape Endaiadere–Sinemi Creek. Notes References 6th Armoured Regiment Military units and formations established in 1941 Military units and formations disestablished in 1946 1946 disestablishments in Australia Regiments of Australia

5337488

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Michele%20in%20Isola

San Michele in Isola

San Michele in Isola is a Roman Catholic church, located on the Isola di San Michele, a small islet sited between Venice and Murano, which once sheltered a Camaldolese monastery (), but now houses the main cemetery of the city. The monastery was mostly demolished in the 19th century, but the church remains, originally rebuilt starting in 1469. The church is dedicated to Saint Michael (Roman Catholic), the holder of the scales on Judgement Day, a fit guardian of the sleep of the faithful dead. The island cemetery now includes the land of the formerly separate island of San Cristoforo. This church is sometimes referred to as San Michele di Murano, although this islet is separate from islands comprising that town. History of the monastery It is stated by Cornaro, that Camaldolese tradition holds that Saint Romuald, founder of the order, lived circa the year 1000 on this island, perhaps attracted by its insularity relative to the main islands of Venice. However, the first documentation we have is that a church dedicated to St Michael was granted in 1212 to the monastic order under the assent of the Bishops Marco Niccola and Buono Balbi. The church was consecrated in 1221 with attendance of Doge Pietro Ziani. The abbey at the site endured some tumults during the following centuries, most regarding dissents within the Camaldolese; however, it remained a major institution in Venice. The Camaldolese theologian Angelo Calogera resided in this monastery in 1716–1724. The monk and cartographer, Fra Mauro, known for his map of the world dating to 1450, was associated with the monastery. Placido Zurla, also a monk at San Michele, wrote an account of the map, titled Il Mappamondo di Fra Mauro. At San Michele, Placido was to befriend the fellow Camaldolese, Mauro Cappellari, who later became Pope Gregory XVI. Others associated with the monastery include Pietro I Orseolo, Anselmo Costadoni, Gian Benedetto Mittarelli, and Pietro Delfino. In 1810 the monastery was suppressed by the Napoleonic armies during his occupation of the Veneto. The monks continued their communal existence as the faculty of a college, till that too was dissolved in 1814. The community then transferred to Padua. At that point, many of the remaining monastic buildings were demolished, and the land began being used as a cemetery. Among those buried in this cemetery are Ezra Pound and Igor Stravinsky. The church was managed for a time by an order of Padri Reformati. Church of San Michele In 1453, a fire destroyed the old church, prompting reconstruction by Mauro Codussi as the architect, completed in 1469. This is the first church known to have been designed by Codussi. Built entirely in salt-white Istrian stone, the facade has weathered to a pale gray. San Michele is considered one of the first examples of Renaissance architecture in Venice, with a facade that appears influenced by the work of Alberti. The strongly delineated masonry courses of the ashlar facade are carried right across the Ionic pilasters, a strikingly unusual feature for which that R. Lieberman could only find an earlier parallel in Bernardo Rossellino's Palazzo Piccolomini in Pienza, also of the 1460s, and also produced in an Albertian milieu. The design was influential in Venice. When it was finished, a monk of the community wrote, "The facade, now complete and perfect, shiner of such a beauty so that it turns in itself the light of the eyes of all those who walk or sail by". The interior has a nave and two aisles, with polychrome marble decorations. A description from 1868 recalls the decoration of the church included a Bust of Cardinal Giovanni Dolfin (1622), sculpted by Bernini, and located above the interior portal. The organ doors had four paintings by Domenico Campagnola. In the nave were paintings of St Boniface and a Russian Ruler by Gregorio Lazzarini, and painting depicting the Blessed Michele Pini by Ambrogio Bono. The tomb of Paolo Sarpi had been moved here from the church of the Servi. The main chapel, had a Moses and the serpent by Antonio Zanchi, and an Adoration of the Golden Calf by Lazzarini. The Cappella Emiliana, commissioned by Giovanni Miani for his wife Margherita Vitturi, was completed in 1530 by Guglielmo Bergamesco. Next to the main façade is the Cappella Emiliani (1530). On the other side is a cloister dating to the 15th century, through which the cemetery can be reached. See also San Michele Cemetery, Venice Notes External links 15th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy Roman Catholic churches in Venice Renaissance architecture in Venice Murano Camaldolese monasteries in Italy Christian monasteries established in the 11th century 1814 disestablishments in Italy

1022156

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FV107%20Scimitar

FV107 Scimitar

The FV107 Scimitar is an armoured tracked military reconnaissance vehicle (sometimes classed as a light tank) formerly used by the British Army, until it was retired from active service in April 2023. It was manufactured by Alvis in Coventry. It is very similar to the FV101 Scorpion, but mounts a high-velocity 30 mm L21 RARDEN cannon instead of a 76 mm gun. It was issued to Royal Armoured Corps armoured regiments in the reconnaissance role. Each regiment originally had a close reconnaissance squadron of five troops, each containing eight FV107 Scimitars. Each Main Battle Tank Regiment also employed eight Scimitars in the close reconnaissance role. Development The FV107 Scimitar is one of the CVR(T) series of vehicles. It entered service in 1971. Initially, the engine was the Jaguar J60 4.2-litre 6-cylinder petrol engine, the same as used by several Jaguar cars. This was replaced by a Cummins BTA 5.9 diesel engine in British Army Scimitars under the CVR(T) Life Extension Program (LEP). The UK initiated the Tactical Reconnaissance Armoured Combat Equipment Requirement (TRACER) to replace the Sabre and Scimitar. In 1996 the U.S. joined in on the project. In 2001, both the UK and U.S. dropped out of the joint programme. As of 2023, the Scimitar's intended replacement in British service is a variant of the Ajax fitted with a CT40 cannon. The Scimitar was retired from British service in 2023. The Warrior is being used as a temporary stop-gap, until Ajax reaches initial operating capability. Scimitar Mk II Following a risk mitigation programme, in December 2010 a contract was awarded for the development, testing and management of an upgraded Scimitar. This was undertaken by the Vehicles Military & Technical Services team, BAE Systems Telford, which co-ordinated the build of 50 vehicles at the nearby DSG (Defence Support Group), Donnington, to be completed in early 2012. The Scimitar Mark 2 combat vehicle is one of five enhanced CVR(T) types. It was created in early 2010, and continues in service. The Scimitar Mk II was: Rehulled to give better mine-blast protection for troops Improved armour fitted to enhance resistance to blasts and ballistic threats Provide mine-protected (suspended and piston-mounted) seating in every crew position Improve available space and improve crew conditions Mitigate repairs while reducing maintenance and life-cycle costs, and extend in-service life. The resulting vehicles have since been re-engined with a Cummins BTA 5.9 litre diesel engine and David Brown TN15E+ automatic gearbox. In addition to providing power for an air conditioning system, the new more fuel-efficient engine extends the vehicle's operational range, while the re-designed internal layout allows better-protected fuel tanks to be repositioned for reduced vulnerability to blast and ballistic threats. The new engine and transmission package promised straightforward servicing and support for the Mk II during its in-service life, refurbished dampers simultaneously improving crew comfort - and hence reducing fatigue - while extending the life of vehicle components and maintaining the tactical mobility of the original vehicle despite an increase to an operation weight of c12,000 kg. BAE Systems have proposed improved road wheels, new conventional metal tracks with guaranteed mileage (which could reduce the vehicle's running costs) and continuous 'rubber' band tracks, which significantly decrease both vibration and noise, allowing crew to operate more effectively and for longer, even in the harshest environments, while reducing the vehicle's acoustic signature. Combat use Two troops from B Squadron, Blues and Royals served in the Falklands War. One troop was equipped with four Scorpions, the other with four Scimitars. These CVR(T)s were the only armoured vehicles used in action by the British Army during the conflict. At least one Scimitar was seriously damaged by an Argentinian landmine, but the crew were unscathed, and the vehicle was salvaged by a Chinook HC.1 helicopter and soon brought back into service by the attached REME section. Scorpions and Scimitars also provided air defence support with machine guns and 30 mm guns; on 23 May 1982, a Scimitar claimed a 30 mm hit on a Skyhawk at 1,000 m. First Gulf War, 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards, with attached reinforcements, fought as a regiment during this war and was equipped with Scimitar. A troop of Scimitars engaged and knocked out Iraqi T-62s, penetrating their frontal armour with sabot rounds. One Scimitar was engaged and hit by an Iraqi T-55 and the penetrating round passed through the thin aluminium armour without injuring the crew. Scimitars of C Squadron were used in the Battle of Al Faw in the opening days of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. Plans for an amphibious landing by Scimitars were abandoned due to extensive mining of the beaches; instead, they crossed into Iraq by land. In Afghanistan, during Operation Herrick, Scimitars were deployed either in standard troop organisations or as part of Jackal composite troops, in which role they provided additional firepower to complement the Jackal's high mobility. Additional specifications Ground clearance: 0.35 m Main armament: 30 mm L21 RARDEN cannon. (Fires at up to 90 rounds per minute) Ammunition types: High Explosive Incendiary (HEI) High Explosive (HE) Armour Piercing (AP) APSE (Armour Piercing Secondary Effects) Armour Piercing Discarding Sabot-Tracer (APDS-T) Additional defence: 2 × 4-barrel smoke launchers. Ammunition stores: 30 mm – 165 rounds 7.62 mm – 2,000 rounds As with all British armoured vehicles, Scimitar is equipped with a forced air system, so the crew could lock down in a CBRN environment. For this reason, the vehicle is equipped with a boiling vessel (or "BV"), to cook and make hot drinks. Operators Current operators – 123 units In September 2014, Latvia signed a contract with Great Britain for the purchase of 123 Scimitars as part of the Latvian National Armed Forces infantry brigade mechanization program. – 23 units In August 2023, 23 Scimitar MK IIs were delivered to Ukraine by Great Britain to repel the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Former operators – 325 units The Scimitar was used by the three formation reconnaissance regiments of the British Army. After the Strategic Defence and Security Review in 2010, some regiment's Challenger 2 tanks were replaced with CVR(T) Scimitars. The Scimitar was retired from active service in April 2023. Belgium – 153 units, withdrawn from active service in 2004. See also CVR(T) (Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance – Tracked) family of vehicles. M3 Bradley Cavalry Fighting Vehicle - similar role References Further reading ArmyRecognition Scimitar pictures FV107 Scimitar Scimitar MkII DESider Magazine (Defence Equipment and Support) MOD Issue 41 October 2011 Reconnaissance vehicles of the Cold War Reconnaissance vehicles of the post–Cold War period Reconnaissance vehicles of the United Kingdom Military vehicles introduced in the 1970s Tracked reconnaissance vehicles Alvis vehicles

3951215

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%20Feet

Hot Feet

Hot Feet is a jukebox musical featuring the music of Earth, Wind & Fire, a book by Heru Ptah and was conceived, directed, and choreographed by Maurice Hines. The musical opened on Broadway at the Foxwoods Theatre (then the Hilton Theatre) on April 30, 2006 and closed on July 23, 2006. Hot Feet is about a beautiful young dancer whose dream is to dance on Broadway. When she puts on a pair of magical red shoes, they begin to take control of her fate. This story is a modern retelling of "The Red Shoes", an 1845 fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen. Production history Hot Feet premiered in Washington, D.C. at the National Theatre on March 6, 2006 and closed on April 9. Directed and choreographed by Maurice Hines, the cast featured Allen Hidalgo, Ann Duquesnay, Keith David, Michael Balderrama, Samantha Pollino, Vivian Nixon, and Wynonna Smith. The show received mostly negative reviews from critics. The original production was two hours and forty-five minutes in length. A slightly different incarnation of Hot Feet began previews on Broadway on April 20, 2006 after being delayed twice to allow Heru Ptah more time to rework the book, which was brutally criticized by the Washington critics. On April 30, 2006, after only a 10 preview period, the musical finally opened on Broadway. It received harsh reviews, with the talkinbroadway reviewer calling the show a "nuclear meltdown of a jukebox musical". The USA Today reviewer wrote that the show "isn't a disaster" but that she was disappointed". Due to poor ticket sales, the musical closed on July 23, 2006 after 12 previews and 97 regular performances. A cast recording was never produced. Musical numbers Act I Overture - The Band "Hot Feet"† - Louie "In the Stone" - The Band "Rock That/Boogie Wonderland" - The Band and Lead Vocals "When I Dance" - The Band and Lead Vocals "Dearest Heart"† - Mom and Kalimba "September" - The Band and Lead Vocals "Turn it into Something Good" - The Band and Lead Vocals "Ponta de Areia" - The Band and Lead Vocals "Thinking of You" - The Band and Lead Vocals "Mighty, Mighty" - The Band and Lead Vocals "Serpentine Fire" - The Band and Lead Vocals "Fantasy" - The Band and Lead Vocals Act II "Louie's Welcome"† - Louie "Getaway" - The Band and Lead Vocals "Dirty" - The Band and Lead Vocals "After the Love Has Gone" - The Band and Lead Vocals "Can't Hide Love"† - Victor "You Don't Know"† - Mom and Victor "Kali"† - Mom The "Hot Feet Ballet" - The Band, Louie and Lead Vocals "Intro" "Hot Feet" "Let Your Feelings Show" "System of Survival" "Saturday Night" "Africano" "Star" "Faces" "Kali Reprise"† - Mom "Mega Mix" - The Band and Lead Vocals "September" - The Band and Lead Vocals "Shining Star" - Full Company "Gratitude" - The Band and Lead Vocals † Indicates new songs and are sung onstage. All other songs are sung offstage by live background band vocalists. Original Broadway cast Vivian Nixon - Kalimba Michael Balderrama - Anthony Keith David - Victor Ann Duquesnay - Mom Allen Hidalgo - Louie Brent Carter - Band Vocalist Keith Anthony Fluitt - Band Vocalist Theresa Thomason - Band Vocalist Samantha Pollino- Emma References External links Internet Broadway Database listing Playbill listing UPI Article Jukebox musicals 2006 musicals Broadway musicals Musicals based on works by Hans Christian Andersen Works based on The Red Shoes (fairy tale)

47316095

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93Tajikistan%20border

China–Tajikistan border

The China–Tajikistan border is in length and runs from the tripoint with Kyrgyzstan following a roughly north–south line across various mountain ridges and peaks of the Pamir range down to the tripoint with Afghanistan. The border divides Murghob District, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in Tajikistan from Akto County, Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture (to the north) and Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County, Kashgar Prefecture (to the south) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. History The origins of the border date from the mid-19th century, when the Russian empire expanded into Central Asia and established control over the Lake Zaysan region. The establishment of the border between the Russian Empire and the Qing Empire, not too different from today's Sino-Kazakh/Kyrgyz/Tajik border was provided for in the Convention of Peking of 1860; the actual border line pursuant to the convention was drawn by the Treaty of Tarbagatai (1864) and the Treaty of Uliassuhai (1870), leaving Lake Zaysan on the Russian side. The Qing Empire's military presence in the Irtysh basin crumbled during the Dungan revolt (1862–1877). After the failure of the rebellion and the reconquest of Xinjiang by Zuo Zongtang, the border between the Russian and the Qing empires in the Ili River basin was further slightly readjusted, in Russia's favour, by the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881) and a series of later protocols. In 1915 an agreement was signed more precisely delimiting the border between the Ili Valley and the Dzungarian Alatau region. The southernmost section of the frontier (i.e. roughly the southern half of the modern China–Tajikistan border) remained undemarcated, owing partly to the ongoing rivalry between Britain and Russia for dominance in Central Asia known as the Great Game; eventually the two agreed that Afghanistan would remain an independent buffer state between them, with Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor being created in 1895. China was not a party to these agreements and hence the southernmost section of the China-Russia boundary remained undefined. When Tajikistan became independent in 1991 it inherited a section of the China-USSR frontier. That boundary followed the drainage basin divide between the Amu Darya and the Yarkand River until reaching Markansu. In 2011, Tajikistan ratified a 1999 deal (and a 2002 supplementary agreement) to cede respectively of land in the Pamir Mountains to the People's Republic of China, ending a 130-year dispute. In the treaty, China also relinquished claims to over of Tajikistani territory. The Republic of China had historically made similar claims in the area. Tajik attitudes toward the boundary treaty varied significantly among different interest groups, ranging from overt opposition to overt support. Geography A point north of the Markansu River () on the China–Tajikistan border is the westernmost point of China. The border's southern terminus is found at the Afghanistan-China-Tajikistan tripoint on Povalo-Shveikovskogo Peak () / Kokrash Kol Peak (Kekelaqukaole Peak; ) which is also the eastern end of the Afghanistan-Tajikistan border and the northern end of the Afghanistan-China border as well as the easternmost point of Afghanistan. Border crossings The Karasu Port of Entry at the Kulma Pass () is the only modern day border crossing between China and Tajikistan. Historically, two passes further south along the border, Nezatash Pass and Beyik Pass, have also been traversed. Northwest of Kulma Pass is the Uzbel/Kyzyl-Dzhiik Pass (also known as Uzbel Shankou, Pereval Kyzyl-Dzhiik, Wuzibieli Pass (), Kizil Jik Dawan, Kizöl-jiik Pass, K'o-tse-lo-chi-k'o Shan-k'ou, Qizil Jik Dāwan, Utzupieli Pass and Wu-tzu-pieh-li Shan-k'ou). Historical maps Historical English-language maps of the China-USSR (Tajik SSR) border area, mid to late 20th century, and historical maps including the pre-2011 China–Tajikistan border: See also Chalachigu Valley List of extreme points of China Extreme points of Tajikistan Karakoram Highway Beyik Pass Tegermansu Pass Wakhjir Pass Kilik Pass Mintaka Pass Afghanistan–China border China–Pakistan border Notes References border Borders of China Borders of Tajikistan International borders

23590179

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beautiful%20Kate

Beautiful Kate

Beautiful Kate is a 2009 Australian drama film directed by Rachel Ward and starring Ben Mendelsohn, Rachel Griffiths, Bryan Brown, Maeve Dermody and Sophie Lowe. Ward adapted the script from a 1982 novel of the same name by Newton Thornburg; this was the first novel by Thornburg used for a movie since Cutter's Way (1981). The film was shot on location in the Flinders Ranges. The film premiered in June 2009 at the Sydney Film Festival and was released in limited release across Australia on 6 August 2009. Plot Writer Ned Kendall is returning to the remote and isolated family home inhabited by his sister Sally, to say goodbye to his father, Bruce, who is dying. Ned also brings his fiancée, Toni, who has trouble getting used to the isolation and harshness of rural Australia. Ned starts reliving memories of his childhood, many involving his beautiful twin sister Kate, and his older brother Cliff. These memories awaken long-buried secrets from the family's past. He begins writing, and his fiancée reads that he had an awkward sexual encounter with Kate, and leaves him without giving him a chance to explain. Kate continues to entice Ned despite his obvious revulsion, and after a drunken night out with friends, Ned goes for a swim in the family dam. He is joined by Kate, who seduces and subsequently has sex with him on the banks of the dam. Ned shows immediate remorse while Kate remains unperturbed. After Ned's refusal to have further sexual relations with Kate, Kate instigates a fight between the brothers by suggesting that Ned made unwanted advances towards her. As punishment, Bruce makes Ned accompany Kate to the Christmas dance. During the dance, Ned leaves Kate, and she is left to go home with Cliff. Ned leaves separately and on his way home he finds his sister's dead body in Cliff's crashed car, and then finds that Cliff has hanged himself. Fearing that Ned will tell Bruce the truth about Kate, Sally reveals that she knew of Ned and Kate's secret. She also reveals that the car's clock stopped on impact of the crash and no one could figure out what took Kate and Cliff so long to get home from the dance. Sally speculates that Kate also had sexual relations with Cliff, who then crashed the car in which Kate died. She tells Ned she believes that Cliff's guilt from his part in Kate's death was multiplied knowing he had committed incest. But Bruce still believes that Kate was an innocent victim, the best of his children, and she doesn't want him shattered with the truth. Ned then makes amends with Bruce and says that he is sorry for blaming him over Cliff's suicide. He doesn't tell Bruce the truth about Kate and lets him die still believing that Kate was everything he thought she was. Before he leaves, he tells Sally that Bruce died never knowing that she was his greatest achievement. Cast Ben Mendelsohn as Ned Kendall Rachel Griffiths as Sally Kendall Bryan Brown as Bruce Kendall Sophie Lowe as Kate Kendall Maeve Dermody as Toni Josh McFarlane as Cliff Kendall Scott O'Donnell as Young Ned Heloise Baker as Young Sally Release Beautiful Kate screened at the Antipodean Film Festival in Saint Tropez, France, in October 2010, and was released in 29 cinemas in Australia. Reception Box office Beautiful Kate was and grossed $1,065,656 at the box office. Until the debut of the Paul Hogan-starring Charlie & Boots in early September, Beautiful Kate held the title of the largest opening weekend for an Australian film for 2009. Critical response The film holds an 83% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 30 reviews with an average rating of 6.8 out of 10. Beautiful Kate received four and a half stars from both Margaret Pomeranz and David Stratton on At The Movies. Sandra Hall of The Sydney Morning Herald rated it four and a half stars out of five and wrote, "At times the action slows to the point where escape seems the most enticing option. Don't take it, for Ward's tough-minded and uniquely Australian version of Southern Gothic does reward your perseverance by at last making you care." Richard Kuipers of Variety called it "a visually beautiful and emotionally rewarding study of a dying patriarch and his estranged son". Megan Lehmann of The Hollywood Reporter described it as "a provocative slice of Southern Gothic refried Aussie-style". Frank Hatherley of Screen Daily wrote that it is a "handsome and intense love story" that is "awash with Ward's own spiky, brittle dialogue, delivered with relish by her cast". Philip French of The Guardian wrote, "The film is well acted but both blunt and awkward." Also writing in The Guardian, Steve Rose rated it two out of four stars and said that it "doesn't do a great deal wrong, but despite broaching taboo subjects, feels too arthouse-by-numbers". Accolades Soundtrack Track listing "Beautiful Kate (Main Theme)" - 3:20 "Wilpena Pound" - 1:45 "The Shed" - 0:33 "Weeping Windmill" - 2:32 "The Old School Room" - 1:10 "The Memory" - 1:18 "Room Service" - 1:33 "Beautiful Kate (Kiss and Make Up)" - 0:59 "The Chase" - 2:23 "Ned Walks Back" - 1:28 "Always On My Mind"/"Finding Kate" (with Blind Dog Taylor and One More Mile) - 3:01 "Beautiful Kate (The Dam)" - 1:04 "You're Not Gonna Tell Him Are You?" - 1:16 "Forgiveness" - 0:57 "Washing Bruce" - 1:46 "Beautiful Kate (Goodbye)" - 1:17 "This Little Bird" - 1:58 "Closing Titles (Remembering Russell Dunlop)" - 5:34 All tracks written and performed by Tex Perkins and Murray Paterson, except track 11 which was written by Johnny Christopher, Mark James, Wayne Carson Thompson, Perkins and Paterson and track 17 which was written by John D. Loudermilk. See also Cinema of Australia References External links 2009 films 2009 drama films Australian drama films Films based on American novels Films set in Australia Films shot in Flinders Ranges Incest in film Juvenile sexuality in films Films about siblings Films about dysfunctional families 2009 directorial debut films 2000s English-language films

1796178

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldershot%20railway%20station

Aldershot railway station

Aldershot railway station is located near the town centre of Aldershot in Hampshire, England. It is down the line from . It is on the Alton Line, part of the National Rail network, with train services and station facilities provided by South Western Railway. It has the three-letter code AHT. The station's National Location Code (NLC) is 5623. History The London and South Western Railway opened the station in 1870. It became part of the Southern Railway in the 1923 Grouping. The station then passed to the Southern Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. Network SouthEast operated and served the station after British Rail Sectorised itself in 1982. South West Trains has operated and served the station since the Privatisation of British Railways in 1996. Services Train destinations are normally , , , and . Trains are usually routed to London Waterloo via with three services in the morning peak scheduled to go the longer slower route via Ascot (included as part of the normal Aldershot to Ascot service) and two returning via this route in the evening. The typical off-peak service (Monday to Saturday) from the station is: 2 trains per hour to London Waterloo, 2 trains per hour to Alton, 2 trains per hour to Guildford, 2 trains per hour to Ascot, 4 trains per hour to Farnham. Ticket machines There are two new TicketXpress ticket vending machines which now reside outside the entrance to the booking hall, making them accessible when the station booking hall is closed. They are available at all times, except when remotely disabled when there is no service, such as at Christmas. These new machines sell tickets to many stations in Great Britain and accept major credit and debit cards. The QuickFare self-service ticket machine (removed October 2006) accepted coins and banknotes and issued tickets to a variety of local destinations, as well as issuing tickets for the station car park. Discounts were available for holders of most Railcards. QuickFare ticket machines were used by British Rail and the Train Companies for many years, providing easy access to tickets at unstaffed stations and at times when ticket offices were closed. The QuickFare ticket machine at Aldershot station was inside the booking hall on platform one. The place where it once stood is now occupied by the "scu" (the control centre that operates the new gateline). Rolling stock Services are mainly run using a four, eight or twelve car Class 450 and 2 cycles can be carried per train. Class 444 Desiro five-car units are seen from time to time. Up to 2005, ex-British Rail slam-door EMUs were used on the Alton Line, many of which were berthed at the carriage sidings south of Farnham station. The carriage shed at Farnham was built in 1937 around the time that the line was electrified. The most commonly operated EMUs in recent years were Class 411, Class 421 and Class 423 units. These trains were withdrawn in 2005, except for a very few that were transferred to the Lymington Branch. Platforms The station has three platforms. The station entrance and ticket office is by Platform 1, which is served by trains towards Woking and London Waterloo. Tracks by Platforms 2 and 3 are signalled for bi-directional operation; these are generally served by Alton-bound and Ascot-bound trains respectively. Platforms 2 and 3 are reached by way of the original subway and a more recent covered footbridge. Lifts are incorporated into the footbridge for disabled access. Local features As trains approach Farnham to the south, the mileage suddenly jumps to a higher one. This is because mileages between the site of Farnham Junction (by the electric substation just before the A31 flyover bridge) and (the end of the line that formerly continued to Winchester) are reckoned from via and the now closed line via and . The line from Waterloo via and Aldershot was built significantly later than that via and . About 450m north-east of the station (towards Ash and can be seen from near the end of platform 1) is Aldershot Railway Tunnel, also known as Redan Hill Tunnel. It is 76 yards long. Gallery References Sources Station on navigable Ordnance Survey map List of Railway Tunnels External links Buildings and structures in Aldershot Former London and South Western Railway stations Railway stations in Hampshire DfT Category C2 stations Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1870 Railway stations served by South Western Railway 1870 establishments in England

29316172

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlas%20Doroshevich

Vlas Doroshevich

Vlas Mikhailovich Doroshevich (, April 17, 1864 – February 22, 1922), was one of Russia's most popular and widely read journalists, and a novelist, essayist, drama critic, and short story writer. Early life Doroshevich was born in Moscow, where his mother Alexandra Sokolova was a member of the wealthy upper class. She was educated at the prestigious Smolny Institute in St. Petersburg, but was disinherited by her family for marrying Vlas's father, who was an unsuccessful writer, and far beneath her in social status. He died shortly before Vlas was born. When Vlas was six months old, Alexandra, who had two other children and was struggling financially, brought him to Moscow and gave him to a childless couple by the name of Doroshevich. His mother requested that he be named Blaise in honor of the French philosopher Blaise Pascal, but his adopted parents Russianized the name as Vlasii, or Vlas. Ten years later Alexandra reclaimed custody of Vlas through legal procedures that Mikhail Doroshevich, Vlas's adopted father, said had violated his rights. Career At the age of sixteen Vlas withdrew from school, and left home because of a desire to be amongst the people. Rather than doing social work as many former students did at the time, Vlas became a laborer and a dock worker. His time as a common worker was brief, though, and he soon found work as a proof-reader and actor. At seventeen he began writing for a paper called The Moscow Flyer. During the 1880s he became a skillful journalist and critic, writing for popular papers such as Entertainment, the Petersburg Gazette, and the Alarm Clock, which also employed the young writer Anton Chekhov. In 1893 he moved to Odessa to work as a reporter for the Odessa Flyer, a local paper with a large circulation. He later visited France on assignment, where he was impressed by the feuilleton style of journalism, a style he soon began using himself. This style was widely popular, but some literary figures, like Zinaida Gippius and Alexander Blok criticized it for being talentless and vulgar. In 1897 he traveled to Sakhalin as part of a larger international assignment. He recorded his experiences and impressions in his book Sakhalin, originally serialized in Russian Wealth, God's World, and other papers, and recently published in English translation by the Anthem Press as Russia's Penal Colony in the Far East. From 1902 to 1918 he was the editor of the paper Russian Word. He also gained fame as a novelist, short story writer, and religious commentator. Some of his published works were: In the Promised Land (Palestine) 1900, Mu-Shan: A Chinese Novel 1901, and Legends and Stories of the East 1902. Later life He published what is now his best known work The Way of the Cross, in Russian Word in October 1915. The Way of the Cross is Vlas's account of the refugees from the German invasion of Russia during World War I, in August and September 1915. Vlas journeyed from Moscow to meet the oncoming refugees, travelling through to the rear of the Russian army and recording the hardships and struggling he witnessed along the way. When people died at the roadside, they put up crosses to mark the burial sites, giving the account its title The Way of the Cross. Even though he was rich, Vlas welcomed the rise of the Bolsheviks and the Russian Revolution. This might've been partly due to his outcast status among intellectuals because of his feuilletons, and their popularity with middle and working-class people. After his death in Petrograd in 1922, he was buried next to the grave of the writer and revolutionary Vera Zasulich. English translations The Way of the Cross, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1916. from Archive.org Russia's Penal Colony in the Far East: A Translation of Doroshevich's Sakhalin, Anthem Press, 2009. Three Chinese Tales, Glas Magazine, Read online What the Emperor Cannot Do: Tales and Legends of the Orient, GLAS New Russian Writing, 2012. References 1864 births 1922 deaths Novelists from the Russian Empire Newspaper editors from the Russian Empire Literary critics from the Russian Empire Writers from Moscow Residents of the Benois House

630208

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel%20roller%20coaster

Steel roller coaster

A steel roller coaster is a roller coaster that is defined by having a track made of steel. Steel coasters have earned immense popularity in the past 50 years throughout the world. Incorporating tubular steel track and polyurethane-coated wheels, the steel roller coasters can provide a taller, smoother, and faster ride with more inversions than a traditional wooden roller coaster. Arrow Dynamics introduced the steel roller coaster to feature tubular track to the thrill industry with their creations of the Matterhorn Bobsleds (Disneyland) in 1959 and the Runaway Mine Train (Six Flags Over Texas) in 1966. As of 2006, the oldest operating steel roller coaster in North America is Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn, Ohio and has been operating since April 1952. The oldest operating steel rollercoaster in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo (Spain). It has been operating since 1928. Characteristics Steel coasters have a generally smoother ride than their wooden counterparts, and due to their strength, rides can have more complex and faster turns and twists without injuring riders. However, some coaster enthusiasts prefer wooden coasters due to the jolting ride feeling more dangerous and giving a larger adrenaline rush. Almost all world records for tallest, fastest, and longest coasters are currently held by steel roller coasters. The fact that fewer supports are needed means steel roller coasters have made a large variety of features possible, such as loops, barrel rolls, corkscrews, zero-G rolls and beyond 90° drops. Occasionally steel tracks are combined with wooden frames typical for wooden roller coasters. These are sometimes referred to as Hybrid Roller Coasters. In many cases these were originally wooden roller coasters whose original wooden track was later replaced by steel, while some are built in this fashion originally. Examples include Excalibur at Valleyfair, Gemini and Steel Vengeance at Cedar Point, Twisted Timbers at Kings Dominion, and New Texas Giant at Six Flags Over Texas. There are different types of steel coasters, such as flying, inverted, floorless, and suspended. Notable steel roller coasters Alpengeist at Busch Gardens Williamsburg – world's tallest full-circuit inverted coaster Banshee at King's Island – world's longest inverted coaster Batman: The Ride at Six Flags Great America - first inverted roller coaster GateKeeper at Cedar Point – world's tallest and fastest wing coaster, featured the highest inversion in the world when it opened Kingda Ka at Six Flags Great Adventure – world's tallest roller coaster at and second fastest at Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland – first tubular steel roller coaster Millennium Force at Cedar Point – first full-circuit roller coaster to exceed in height Mindbender at West Edmonton Mall's Galaxyland – world's largest indoor steel roller coaster Ninja at Six Flags Magic Mountain – world's fastest suspended roller coaster Riddler's Revenge at Six Flags Magic Mountain – world's tallest, fastest, and longest stand-up roller coaster Runaway Mine Train at Six Flags Over Texas – first mine train roller coaster, built in 1966. Superman: Escape from Krypton at Six Flags Magic Mountain - first roller coaster to exceed in height The Smiler at Alton Towers - holds the world record for most inversions at 14 Takabisha at Fuji-Q Highland theme park in Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan - formerly the world's steepest roller coaster with a beyond-vertical drop of 121° opened in 2011 Tatsu at Six Flags Magic Mountain – world's tallest, fastest, and longest flying roller coaster Top Thrill Dragster at Cedar Point - world's first full-circuit roller coaster to exceed in height Tower of Terror II at Dreamworld – first roller coaster to reach in speed and in height Wonder Woman Golden Lasso Coaster at Six Flags Fiesta Texas – world's first steel monorail roller coaster. X² at Six Flags Magic Mountain – world's first 4th Dimension roller coaster Xcelerator at Knott's Berry Farm - world's first roller coaster to feature a hydraulic launch Other examples Corkscrew at Knott's Berry Farm (now at Silverwood) – first modern roller coaster to feature an inversion Formula Rossa at Ferrari World – world's fastest roller coaster at Magnum XL-200 – first full-circuit roller coaster to exceed Moonsault Scramble at Fuji-Q Highland – first roller coaster over in height The New Revolution at Six Flags Magic Mountain – first modern roller coaster to feature a vertical loop Steel Dragon 2000 – world's longest roller coaster at Impulse (roller coaster) - 540° Helix at Knoebels Amusement Resort in Pennsylvania Yukon Striker at Canada's Wonderland - world's tallest dive coaster at 223 ft References Types of roller coaster

22456675

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%20Falls

Blood Falls

Blood Falls is an outflow of an iron oxide–tainted plume of saltwater, flowing from the tongue of Taylor Glacier onto the ice-covered surface of West Lake Bonney in the Taylor Valley of the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Victoria Land, East Antarctica. Iron-rich hypersaline water sporadically emerges from small fissures in the ice cascades. The saltwater source is a subglacial pool of unknown size overlain by about of ice several kilometers from its tiny outlet at Blood Falls. The reddish deposit was found in 1911 by the Australian geologist Thomas Griffith Taylor, who first explored the valley that bears his name. The Antarctica pioneers first attributed the red color to red algae, but later it was proven to be due to iron oxides. Geochemistry Poorly soluble hydrous ferric oxides are deposited at the surface of ice after the ferrous ions present in the unfrozen saltwater are oxidized in contact with atmospheric oxygen. The more soluble ferrous ions initially are dissolved in old seawater trapped in an ancient pocket remaining from the Antarctic Ocean when a fjord was isolated by the glacier in its progression during the Miocene period, some 5 million years ago, when the sea level was higher than today. Unlike most Antarctic glaciers, the Taylor Glacier is not frozen to the bedrock, probably because of the presence of salts concentrated by the crystallization of the ancient seawater imprisoned below it. Salt cryo-concentration occurred in the deep relict seawater when pure ice crystallized and expelled its dissolved salts as it cooled down because of the heat exchange of the captive liquid seawater with the enormous ice mass of the glacier. As a consequence, the trapped seawater was concentrated in brines with a salinity two to three times that of the mean ocean water. A second mechanism sometimes also explaining the formation of hypersaline brines is the water evaporation of surface lakes directly exposed to the very dry polar atmosphere in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The analyses of stable isotopes of water allow, in principle, to distinguish between both processes as long as there is no mixing between differently formed brines. Hypersaline fluid, sampled fortuitously through a crack in the ice, was oxygen-free and rich in sulfate and ferrous ion. Sulfate is a remnant geochemical signature of marine conditions, while soluble divalent iron was likely liberated under reducing conditions from the subglacial bedrock minerals weathered by microbial activity. Microbial ecosystem Chemical and microbial analyses both indicate that a rare subglacial ecosystem of autotrophic bacteria developed that metabolizes sulfate and ferric ions. According to geomicrobiologist Jill Mikucki at the University of Tennessee, water samples from Blood Falls contained at least 17 different types of microbes, and almost no oxygen. An explanation may be that the microbes use sulfate to respire with ferric ions and metabolize the trace levels of organic matter trapped with them. Such a metabolic process had never before been observed in nature. A puzzling observation is the coexistence of ferrous and sulfate ions under anoxic conditions. No sulfide anions are found in the system. This suggests an intricate and poorly understood interaction between the sulfur and the iron biochemical cycles. In December 2014, scientists and engineers led by Mikucki returned to Taylor Glacier and used a probe called IceMole, designed by a German collaboration, to melt into the glacier and directly sample the salty water (brine) that feeds Blood Falls. Samples were analyzed, and revealed a cold (), iron-rich (3.4 mM) subglacial brine (8% sodium chloride). From these samples, scientists isolated and characterized a type of bacteria capable of growing in salty water (halophilic), that thrives in the cold (psychrophile), and is heterotrophic, which they assigned to the genus Marinobacter. DNA bioinformatic analysis indicated the presence of at least four gene clusters involved in secondary metabolism. Two gene clusters are related to the production of aryl polyenes, which function as antioxidants that protect the bacteria from reactive oxygen species. Another gene cluster seems to be involved in terpene biosynthesis, most likely to produce pigments. Other bacteria identified are Thiomicrospira sp., and Desulfocapsa sp. Implications for the Snowball Earth hypothesis According to Mikucki et al. (2009), the now-inaccessible subglacial pool was sealed off years ago and transformed into a kind of "time capsule", isolating the ancient microbial population for a sufficiently long time to evolve independently of other similar marine organisms. It explains how other microorganisms could have survived when the Earth (according to the Snowball Earth hypothesis) was entirely frozen over. Ice-covered oceans might have been the only refugium for microbial ecosystems when the Earth apparently was covered by glaciers at tropical latitudes during the Proterozoic eon about years ago. Implications for astrobiology This unusual place offers scientists a unique opportunity to study deep subsurface microbial life in extreme conditions without the need to drill deep boreholes in the polar ice cap, with the associated contamination risk of a fragile and still-intact environment. The study of harsh environments on Earth is useful to understand the range of conditions to which life can adapt and to advance assessment of the possibility of life elsewhere in the solar system, in places such as Mars or Europa, an ice-covered moon of Jupiter. Scientists of the NASA Astrobiology Institute speculate that these worlds could contain subglacial liquid water environments favorable to hosting elementary forms of life, which would be better protected at depth from ultraviolet and cosmic radiation than on the surface. See also Extremophiles (organisms resistant to extreme conditions) Psychrophile (bacteria resistant to cold) Cryoconcentration of hypersaline brines Eutectic system Freezing-point depression Life on Mars References Further reading External links Blood Falls, Antarctica's Dry Valleys by NASA Earth Observatory by Atlas Obscura Geomicrobiology Landforms of Victoria Land McMurdo Dry Valleys

6830939

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Brierley%20grave%20cipher

Thomas Brierley grave cipher

The gravestone of Thomas Brierley (1785 – 1854 or 1855) in Mellor, Greater Manchester, is one of the few in the United Kingdom known to incorporate masonic pigpen cypher in its inscription. Brierley's life and freemasonry Thomas Brierley was born on 16 July 1785 at Mellor to Joab Brierley and Betty Arnfield. He was also known as "Tommy" and some references call him "Didymus" - perhaps confusing him for an uncle of that name or as a common alternative to Thomas. He became a blockprinter at the Printworks mill in Strines, Manchester, where calico was printed. Later as a carter he plied his trade between Ludworth and Disley. Brierley was a regular attendee at the Freemason Lodge of Union (originally a Lancashire Lodge of Union No.50), according to the records that exist between 1824 and 1830 and from 1840 to 1848. The Lodge migrated from Manchester to Mellor in 1822. It met at the Devonshire Arms and several other hostelries in the locality before it shifted to the Shuttle Inn (renamed the George) at Ludworth. Returns to the Clerk of the Peace between 1834 and 1841 show that the Lodge averaged about 20 members each meeting; chiefly miners and minor tradesmen. Brierley was also Treasurer of the Royal Arch chapter (founded 1824). He was also a member of the Moon Lodge of Benevolence, as well as other degrees including Mark and Rose Croix. Burial Thomas seemed to have some periods of illness and had recourse to the sick funds of the society. A number of members complained and made unpleasant personal remarks, as apparently his illness coincided with a slack time at Strines Printworks. It is said that he was "an honourable man and this charge grieved him sore." (Other sources refer to him as one who was prone to display his membership of the masonic fraternity and to make it known that his worth was not sufficiently recognised.) Either way, he had a stone coffin made by Azariah Ollerenshaw, a stonemason of local repute, for which he lay down so that the coffin could be accurately cut for his body and head for a perfect fit. (Another source claims that the Duke of Devonshire, hearing that Thomas was ill, had the coffin made for him.) The coffin was then placed, exposed, on a previously purchased grave site at St. Thomas' Church, Mellor. The lid was carved with some Masonic symbols and underneath the words "I am belied", referring to the accusations of feigned illness. It lay there for some years and became quite a tourist attraction. However, it eventually created too much unwanted attention for the vicar, Rev. Matthew Freeman, who ordered it to be buried in the grave (and it apparently still lies there just below the surface). Not to be frustrated, Thomas had a memorial headstone prepared covered with 'cipher-writings' and ornate masonic emblems which was placed over his grave before he died. Subsequently, there was talk of burying him in his stone coffin but it was found to be too heavy to remove to the house and it was not done to take the body to the coffin in the grave. He was buried in a wooden coffin presumably beside the stone coffin. Inscriptions The cipher on the headstone was presented as a mystery in books and newspaper articles right into the latter part of the 20th century. The headstone is actually written in five pig-pen variations. The text at the head of the stone says "Thomas Brierley made his ingress July 16th 1785, His Progress was Years And his Egress___". The headstone was never completed after his death (possibly because no one was interested and his father survived him only one more year and was of advanced age). The cipher at the foot of the gravestone says "Holiness of the Lord". The Pigpen cipher was used by Freemasons in the 18th century to keep their records private and surprisingly the cipher on Thomas Brierley's grave seems to have a non-standard symbol for the letter "S". It is possible the variation in the cipher is a clue to or a key to documents that he dealt with as the treasurer. However, at the time of its placement in the graveyard the common impression was that it contained the old charge against his fellows and it was stated to be purposefully written in Hebrew to defy objections to it being placed over the grave during Thomas' lifetime. Indeed, newspaper reports echoed this and one gentleman visiting the grave solemnly asserted it was Greek but when cornered in the subject admitted it was a kind of Greek with which a university education had not acquainted him. According to some, Thomas Brierley fell to his death from the church tower, but other sources disagree so this story may be an urban legend. To add to the mystery, a bronze plaque was added to the stone in recent times with more cipher upon it, the cipher used being similar but not identical. He died in 1855 and was buried in Mellor Churchyard on 26 July of that year. References Classical ciphers 1785 births 1850s deaths People from Mellor, Greater Manchester Year of death uncertain Monuments and memorials in Manchester

16432275

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespasian%27s%20Camp

Vespasian's Camp

Vespasian's Camp is an Iron Age hillfort just west of the town of Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. The hillfort is less than from the Neolithic and Bronze Age site of Stonehenge, and was built on a hill next to the Stonehenge Avenue; it has the River Avon on its southern side and the A303 road on its northern edge. The site is a scheduled monument and lies within the boundaries of the Stonehenge World Heritage Site. Other hillforts nearby include Danebury to the east, Sidbury Hill and Casterley Camp to the north, Yarnbury Castle to the west and Figsbury Ring and Old Sarum to the south. Ogbury Camp, to the south, may have been a satellite enclosure of Vespasian's Camp. Toponym The earthworks were named "Vespasian's Camp" in the 16th century by William Camden, an Elizabethan antiquarian and historian, during a tour of the area. Although the Roman general Vespasian, who was later Roman emperor from 69 to 79 CE, campaigned through Wessex after the Roman invasion of Britain in 43 CE, there is no evidence to suggest he came to this hillfort or had any military base here. Description Aligned from north to south, the hillfort is long and wide at its southern end, narrowing to wide at the north. It encloses an area of some . The bank is up to wide and up to high above the ditch bottom. The ditch is up to wide with a low counterscarp bank up to wide on the outside of the ditch, creating a maximum width of the hillfort's defences of . It occupies a strong defensive position. There are two original entrances, one on the north and the other probably to the south-east, just north of the point where Stonehenge Road cuts through the camp. A road constructed over the hilltop in the Middle Ages separates the southern part of the site from the rest of the hillfort. During the 18th century, the hillfort was landscaped as part of the Duke of Queensbury's grounds around Amesbury Abbey. A grotto, vista and paths were constructed and substantial tree planting was carried out. The A303 road was cut through the northern section of the hill in the 1970s, just below the northernmost bank. Archaeological research During road-widening in 1964, the main western rampart was partly uncovered. It had been assumed that most of the archaeology had been lost during the 18th-century landscaping of the area by Charles Bridgeman and others for the Duke of Queensberry. However, documentary research showed that the hillfort had escaped most of the landscaping, and excavations began in 2005, concentrating on an area just north-east of Vespasian's Camp known as Blick Mead. The first finds were tools ranging as far back as the Mesolithic. What had been thought to be a water feature was an ancient spring which might have been part of a seasonal lake. There is a one metre (40-inch) thick layer of domestic waste that suggests the hill had a considerable population after the banks were constructed. Occupation of the site spanned the period from 6250 to 4700 BCE, as indicated by the Neolithic pits found near the centre. It has been suggested that the hill may have been part of the Stonehenge ritual landscape during the later part of this period. Further work in 2010 uncovered a layer of Mesolithic material including 10,000 pieces of struck flint and over 300 pieces of animal bone, a find described by Professor Tim Darvill as "the most important discovery at Stonehenge in many years". The struck flint tools were in pristine condition, sharp enough to cut the fingers of some of the excavators, and it is believed that the layer may extend several hundred metres further. The archaeologist Carly Hilts states: One tool was made out of worked slate, a material not found in the area. A possible source could be a slate glacial erratic, though there are none known to exist in the vicinity; or the slate could have been carried from the nearest source in North Wales. If this is the source it implies that, hundreds of years before Stonehenge, this may have been a "special place to gather". Evidence suggests that the area around the spring was used for large feasts, including the consumption of aurochs, and as a centre for tool-making. An unusual form of Mesolithic domestic site was also found: a semi-permanent site for families called a "homebase". UNESCO World Heritage Site Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites is a UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) located in Wiltshire, England. The WHS covers two large areas of land separated by nearly , rather than a specific monument or building. The sites were inscribed as co-listings in 1986. A number of large and well known monuments lie within the WHS, but the area also has an exceptionally high density of small-scale archaeological sites, particularly from the prehistoric period. More than 700 individual archaeological features have been identified. There are 160 separate scheduled monuments, covering 415 items or features. Vespasian's Camp lies near the eastern boundary of the southern section of the site. Notes Citations Bibliography External links English Heritage geophysical survey Amesbury Excavation – Open University Discoveries at Vespasian’s Camp, near Stonehenge, Wiltshire, 2005–12 Historic England Research digital magazine issue 6, "Vespasian's Camp" pp 29–33 – article by Mark Bowden Mark Bowden, 2016: Stonehenge Southern WHS project: Vespasian's Camp, Amesbury Wiltshire: Analytical Earthwork Survey, Report Number 49/2017 Sites associated with Stonehenge Stone Age sites in Wiltshire Bronze Age sites in Wiltshire Iron Age sites in England Hill forts in Wiltshire World Heritage Sites in England Archaeological sites in Wiltshire

6065067

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Park%20F.C.

South Park F.C.

South Park Reigate Football Club are an English football club based in Reigate, Surrey. The club is affiliated to the Surrey County Football Association. They play in the . History The club was founded in 1897 and joined the Redhill and District Football League as a founding member. The facilities of the club were very basic to start with, with the club playing on a sports field between Crescent and Church Roads. 1925 brought a partnership with the local cricket club which formed the South Park Sports Association, the aim of the association to improve athletic facilities for the two clubs and as a result the people of South Park. The new association found suitable land on Whitehall Lane, the current home of South Park F.C., and purchased four acres through subscriptions and door to door collections. Further purchases of two and four acres respectively ensured that the ground would remain a permanent sports home by vesting them to the National Playing Fields Association. The entire allotment was renamed "King George's Field" in 1935. The club took a hit during and immediately after World War II, however an air raid shelter on King George's Field proved to be a defining feature of the landscape for the club in its rebound after the war. Donations ensured that amenities were added to the shelter, such as a clubhouse, showers and toilets, to provide the club much needed improvements to fulfill their sporting aspirations. After this period the club remained playing in the local leagues, where they achieved some success over the years. In 2001, nearby club Reigate Town Football Club moved into South Park and merged with the current club. As a result, the club was renamed South Park & Reigate Town Football Club until 2003 when they reverted to South Park Football Club. Even more renovations were made to King George's Field with the installation of floodlights and new changing rooms. 2006 saw the club's promotion from the Crawley & District League to the Combined Counties Football League Division One. The club's first ever FA Vase match was held in 2008–09, a second qualifying round 2–1 home defeat to Shoreham. In 2010, South Park participated in the FA Cup for the first time. They beat Greenwich Borough and Horsham YMCA to set up a tie with Cray Wanderers. That season also saw the club gain promotion to the Combined Counties Football League Premier Division, and won a cup double of the Combined Counties Division one cup and the Surrey County premier Cup. In the 2011–12 season South Park reached the last 32 of the FA Vase competition where they were eventually overcome by the holders Whitley Bay. In the 2012–13 season the club achieved its best ever performance in the FA Cup, reaching the fourth qualifying round, where they were beaten 3–0 at home by Metropolitan Police. South Park updated their badge in July 2018. In October 2018, manager Mick Sullivan, who joined at the start of the season, left the club. Jay Lovett was named manager later that month. In November 2019, Martin Dynan replaced Lovett. Harrison Williams took charge of the club in February 2022. In November 2022, Harrison left the club and his assistant Tom Cope took over the side and was named the First Team Manager. South Park renamed themselves South Park Reigate in July 2022, the decision was made by the club as they believe it will enhance their profile locally as well as in the wider football community. Ground South Park play their home games at Whitehall Lane, South Park, Reigate, Surrey RH2 8LG. Non-playing staff As of November 2018. Honours Combined Counties Football League Premier Division Champions 2013–14 Surrey FA Saturday Premier Cup: Winners 2010–11 Combined Counties Football League Premier Cup Runners up 2012–13 Combined Counties Football League Division One Cup: Winners 2010–11 Records Highest League Position: 1st in Combined Counties Premier Division 2013–14 FA Cup best performance: Fourth qualifying round 2012–13 FA Vase best performance: Fourth round 2011–12 FA Trophy best performance: Second round 2016-17 Highest Attendance: 643 vs Metropolitan Police October 20, 2012 See also South Park F.C. players South Park F.C. managers References External links Official website South Park at the Isthmian League Isthmian League clubs Combined Counties Football League Association football clubs established in 1897 Football clubs in Surrey 1897 establishments in England Football clubs in England Reigate Crawley and District Football League Redhill and District Saturday Football League

16836235

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20This%20Love%20%28album%29

All This Love (album)

All This Love is the second studio album by DeBarge, released by Gordy Records on July 22, 1982. Reception After their first album saw limited success, this album featured productions and compositions by the DeBarge members, primarily led by singer El DeBarge, whose countertenor vocals (a mixture of tenor and falsetto) would lead the group to success throughout the mid-1980s. Due to the release of the hit singles "I Like It" reaching number two on the R&B charts and the title track "All This Love" reaching number 5 on the R&B charts and number one on the Adult Contemporary charts, the album eventually reached gold status. Track listing "I'll Never Fall in Love Again" (El DeBarge/James DeBarge) - 4:37 "Stop! Don't Tease Me" (E. DeBarge) - 6:00 "I Like It" (Randy DeBarge/E. DeBarge/Bunny DeBarge) - 4:40 "Can't Stop" (Crossley/Nolen) - 4:05 "All This Love" (E. DeBarge) - 5:52 "It's Getting Stronger" (B. DeBarge) - 4:00 "Life Begins with You" (B. DeBarge) - 4:48 "I'm in Love with You" (M. DeBarge/ Bunny DeBarge) - 3:35 Production Executive Producer – Berry Gordy Jr. Produced by Eldra DeBarge and Iris Gordy Co-Producers – Raymond Crossley and Curtis Anthony Nolen Engineers – Bobby Brooks, Milt Calice, Jane Clark, Steve MacMillan, Barney Perkins and Phillip Walters. Assistant Engineers – Steve Catania, Michael Craig Johnson and Kevin Sorrells. Mastered by John Matousek at Motown Recording Studios (Hollywood, CA). Art Direction – Johnny Lee and Terry Taylor Design – Terry Taylor Photography – Raul Vega Personnel DeBarge Bunny DeBarge – backing vocals, lead vocals (6, 7), BGV arrangements El DeBarge – keyboards, lead vocals (2–6, 8), backing vocals, rhythm arrangements (1–3, 5-8), horn arrangements (2), BGV arrangements James DeBarge – keyboards, backing vocals, lead vocals (1), rhythm arrangements (1), BGV arrangements Mark DeBarge – saxophone, trumpet, backing vocals, rhythm arrangements (8), BGV arrangements Randy DeBarge – bass, backing vocals, lead vocals (3), rhythm arrangements (3), BGV arrangements Additional personnel Raymond Crossley – keyboards, arrangements (4), BGV arrangements (4) Russell Ferrante – keyboards, rhythm arrangements (2, 3, 6, 7) Charles Fearing – guitars, acoustic guitar solo (5) José Feliciano – acoustic guitar (5) Robben Ford – guitars Curtis Anthony Nolen – guitars, arrangements (4), BGV arrangements (4) Freddie Washington – bass Ken Wild – bass Ollie E. Brown – drums Ricky Lawson – drums Richard Heath – percussion Nate Hughes – percussion Daniel LaMelle – alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, horn arrangements (1–3, 6), sax solo (6) Jeff Clayton – baritone saxophone, flute Gerald Albright – tenor saxophone Damon Rentie – tenor saxophone George Bohanon – trombone John Ervin – trombone Clay Lawrey – trombone Ray Brown – trumpet, flugelhorn Cliff Ervin – trumpet Roy Poper – trumpet Nolan Smith – trumpet, flugelhorn Linda Howard – BGV arrangements (1) Barbara Mitchell – BGV arrangements (1) Benjamin Wright – rhythm arrangements (1, 5, 8), horn and string arrangements (5, 7) Janice Gower – concertmaster (5, 7) Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications References External links DeBarge-All This Love at Discogs 1982 albums DeBarge albums Gordy Records albums

32986956

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Cozens%20Spencer

Charles Cozens Spencer

Charles Cozens Spencer (12 February 1874 – c. September 1930) was a British-born film exhibitor and producer, who was a significant figure in the early years of the Australian film industry. He produced films under the name Spencer's Pictures and was an early backer of the films of Raymond Longford. He was also instrumental in the creation of "The Combine". Biography Spencer was born in Hunston, Sussex, the third son of Cornelius Cosens, farmer, and his wife Ellen. In 1892, he emigrated to British Columbia, Canada, with his brother Arthur in order to look for gold. He did a variety of jobs then in 1894 formed a company of providers with his brother Sidney at Fairview and Camp McKinney. In 1898 he was a clerk at Vernon. He began screening motions pictures and met and married Mart Stuart Huntly who became his chief projectionist and business partner. Australia Spencer first arrived in Australia in 1905. He opened the Great American Theatrescope at the Lyceum Theatre in Sydney, which became a permanent picture theatre in June 1908. He made a fortune exhibiting The Great Train Robbery in Australia and soon became the leading exhibitor in the country. He moved into production, establishing a permanent production unit under Ernest Higgins in 1908. Initially focused on documentary shorts and newsreels, he moved into funding dramatic feature films, starting with The Life and Adventures of John Vane, the Notorious Australian Bushranger (1910). He was an early supporter of director Raymond Longford who directed The Fatal Wedding (1911) for Spencer. The success of this film enabled him to set up a £10,000 studio complex in Rushcutter's Bay, Sydney, where Longford made his next couple of features. In 1911, Spencer had established a company, Spencer's Pictures Ltd with a nominal capital of £150,000. He went overseas for 12 months; while overseas, the board of Spencer's voted to merge with Wests Ltd and Amalgamated Pictures resulting in the "combine" of Australasian Films and Union Theatres. By 1912, he was the largest importer of films in Australia and helped popularise the medium in that country. Several of his films were released in the US by Sawyers Pictures; they were given new titles such as The Convict Hero, The Bushranger's Bride, Nell Gwynne, The Bandit Terrors of Australia, and The Queen of the Smugglers. After the box-office failure of The Shepherd of the Southern Cross (1914), however, Spencer was unable to persuade the Combine to invest in drama production, and he stepped back his involvement in the local industry. In 1918, the Spencers were sued by the Combine for an alleged breach of contract. They settled out of court (by allowing their interests to be purchased) and left Australia. Death Spencer returned with his wife to Canada, where he bought several ranches in British Columbia in Chilcotin County. The stresses of his financial losses in the Great Depression, however, affected his mental stability (in particular, he began being troubled by an image of the devil's face visible in the grain of a wooden wall). On 10 September 1930, he was unpacking a truck full of groceries at one of his ranches along with his foreman, Walter Stoddart, and a grocer, Edward Smith. Spencer, probably delusional and paranoid, grabbed a gun and shot Smith in the back and then Stoddart, before fleeing. Smith died of his wounds; Stoddart managed to drive away and was rescued. Spencer went missing in the aftermath of the shooting; eventually, on 29 October 1930, his body was found in a lake, where he had drowned himself. He left behind an estate worth A£60,000 (A$5,583,859 in 2023) Filmography The Burns-Johnson Fight (1908) Marvellous Melbourne (1910) – director The Life and Adventures of John Vane, the Notorious Australian Bushranger (1910) – producer Captain Midnight, the Bush King (1911) – producer Captain Starlight, or Gentleman of the Road (1911) – producer The Life of Rufus Dawes (1911) – producer Dan Morgan (1911) – producer The Fatal Wedding (1911) – producer The Romantic Story of Margaret Catchpole (1911) – producer Sweet Nell of Old Drury (1911) – producer The Midnight Wedding (1912) – producer The Bushman's Bride (1912) – producer The Tide of Death (1912) – producer Australia Calls (1913) – producer The Shepherd of the Southern Cross (1914) – producer Notes References Further reading External links Marvellous Melbourne at Australian Screen Online Charles Cozens Spencer at National Film and Sound Archive Full copy of Marvellous Melbourne at Internet Archive Biography at Australian Dictionary of Biography 1900s in Australian cinema 1910s in Australian cinema Film production companies of Australia Australian film producers 1930 deaths Suicides by drowning in Canada 1874 births

65975373

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater%20Construction%20Teams

Underwater Construction Teams

Underwater Construction Teams (UCT) are the United States Navy Seabees' underwater construction units numbered 1 and 2 that were created in 1974. A team is composed of divers qualified in both underwater construction and underwater demolition. Possible tasks can be: battle damage repairs, structural inspections and assessments, demolition of waterline facilities or submerged obstructions, installation of submerged surveillance systems, or harbor and channel clearance. As needed, teams may test and or evaluate new or existing aquatic systems or equipment. Extending construction, whether vertical or horizontal, beyond the shoreline and waterline is their specialty. Reflecting Seabee tradition, teams are expected to execute underwater construction anywhere, anytime, under any conditions. History Almost as soon as Naval Construction Battalions were created submerged construction tasks were being brought to the Seabees. In 1942 a second class divers school was created at Camp Peary and Seabees have fielded divers ever since. WWII battalions typically had a complement of 4 qualified divers. In the field, CBs would tap other battalions for additional divers to get the job done as needed. It was common for battalions to not have organic diving gear. Divers were taught in diving school how to fabricate a breathing apparatus from Navy MK-III gas masks for surface support. Most of the work was in less than 60' of water, but the WWII cruisebooks indicate men pushed the limits of what they could do with what they had. Divers in the 301st CB placed as much as 50 tons of explosives a day to keep their dredges productive. However, the divers of CB 96 used 1,727,250 lbs of dynamite to blast 423,300 cubic yards of coral for the ship repair facility on Manicani Island, as an element of the Naval Operating Base Leyte-Samar. Their primary diving gear was modified Navy Mk III and Navy Mk IV gas masks. At Chu Lai in 1967 MCB 71 had an Under Water Construction Team search the Tra Bong River for a missing Squad of Marines that the Marines wanted back no matter what. Their efforts made publication in Stars and Stripes. Diving Commands UCT divers are attached to five principal commands outside the NCF: UCT 1, Little Creek, VA. UCT 2, Port Hueneme, CA. Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NFESC) dets at Port Hueneme, CA, and at the Washington Navy Yard, DC. CEC officer billets only. Those at Port Hueneme are with the highly technical NFESC "Dive Locker Team". Navy System Commands, e.g., NAVSEA or NAVAIR. These are CEC officer billets only. NEDU/NDSTC (Navy Experimental Diving Unit Navy Diving & Salvage Training Center) The UCTs have a Shore Duty component and a Sea Duty component. Sea Duty personnel are divided into three Air Detachments that deploy worldwide in support of both peacetime or combat missions as needed. The Shore Duty component contains all of the staff and support functions such as Administration, Supply, Logistics, Table of Allowance Maintenance, and Training. Underwater Construction Technicians UCT training is 26 weeks at Dive school in Panama City, Florida. There is a tactical training phase for advanced expeditionary combat skills and demolitions. After Basic Underwater Construction Technician training a diver is qualified as a (2nd Class Diver). UCTs are members of the Naval Special Operations (NSO) community, however tactical operations are almost never a Seabee task. With their skills sets UCTs can deploy to support a Naval Special Warfare Command, either with SEAL teams, Special Boat Teams, Navy EOD Teams, or other dive elements. They also can apply for selection to support Naval Special Warfare Development Group. Diver Qualification Insignia Diver : is a qualification that the various rates can obtain with three grades: Basic Underwater Construction Technician/ NEC 5932 (2nd Class Diver), Advanced Underwater Construction Technician/ NEC 5931 (1st Class Diver), and Master Underwater Construction Technician/ NEC 5933 (Master diver). See also Amphibious Construction Battalion 1 Amphibious Construction Battalion 2 Army engineer diver Civil Engineer Corps Clearance diver List of former United States special operations units List of military diving units Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 1 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 3 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 4 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 5 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 11 Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133 Seabee Seabees in World War II Underwater demolition United States Naval Special Warfare Command References Seabees Seabee units and formations

2945778

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemicontinuity

Hemicontinuity

In mathematics, the notion of the continuity of functions is not immediately extensible to set-valued functions between two sets A and B. The dual concepts of upper hemicontinuity and lower hemicontinuity facilitate such an extension. A set-valued function that has both properties is said to be continuous in an analogy to the property of the same name for single-valued functions. Roughly speaking, a function is upper hemicontinuous if when (1) a convergent sequence of points in the domain maps to a sequence of sets in the range which (2) contain another convergent sequence, then the image of the limiting point in the domain must contain the limit of the sequence in the range. Lower hemicontinuity essentially reverses this, saying if a sequence in the domain converges, given a point in the range of the limit, then you can find a sub-sequence whose image contains a convergent sequence to the given point. Upper hemicontinuity A set-valued function is said to be upper hemicontinuous at the point if, for any open with , there exists a neighbourhood of such that for all is a subset of Sequential characterization For a set-valued function with closed values, if is upper hemicontinuous at then for all sequences in and all sequences such that if and then If B is compact, the converse is also true. Closed graph theorem The graph of a set-valued function is the set defined by If is an upper hemicontinuous set-valued function with closed domain (that is, the set of points where is not the empty set is closed) and closed values (i.e. is closed for all ), then is closed. If is compact, then the converse is also true. Lower hemicontinuity A set-valued function is said to be lower hemicontinuous at the point if for any open set intersecting there exists a neighbourhood of such that intersects for all (Here means nonempty intersection ). Sequential characterization is lower hemicontinuous at if and only if for every sequence in such that in and all there exists a subsequence of and also a sequence such that and for every Open graph theorem A set-valued function have if the set is open in for every If values are all open sets in then is said to have . If has an open graph then has open upper and lower sections and if has open lower sections then it is lower hemicontinuous. The open graph theorem says that if is a set-valued function with convex values and open upper sections, then has an open graph in if and only if is lower hemicontinuous. Properties Set-theoretic, algebraic and topological operations on set-valued functions (like union, composition, sum, convex hull, closure) usually preserve the type of continuity. But this should be taken with appropriate care since, for example, there exists a pair of lower hemicontinuous set-valued functions whose intersection is not lower hemicontinuous. This can be fixed upon strengthening continuity properties: if one of those lower hemicontinuous multifunctions has open graph then their intersection is again lower hemicontinuous. Crucial to set-valued analysis (in view of applications) are the investigation of single-valued selections and approximations to set-valued functions. Typically lower hemicontinuous set-valued functions admit single-valued selections (Michael selection theorem, Bressan–Colombo directionally continuous selection theorem, Fryszkowski decomposable map selection). Likewise, upper hemicontinuous maps admit approximations (e.g. Ancel–Granas–Górniewicz–Kryszewski theorem). Implications for continuity If a set-valued function is both upper hemicontinuous and lower hemicontinuous, it is said to be continuous. A continuous function is in all cases both upper and lower hemicontinuous. Other concepts of continuity The upper and lower hemicontinuity might be viewed as usual continuity: is lower [resp. upper] hemicontinuous if and only if the mapping is continuous where the hyperspace P(B) has been endowed with the lower [resp. upper] Vietoris topology. (For the notion of hyperspace compare also power set and function space). Using lower and upper Hausdorff uniformity we can also define the so-called upper and lower semicontinuous maps in the sense of Hausdorff (also known as metrically lower / upper semicontinuous maps). See also Notes References Theory of continuous functions Mathematical analysis Variational analysis

8683607

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford%20House

Rutherford House

Rutherford House is a historic building and museum in the Strathcona area of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The structure was the home of the first Premier of Alberta, Alexander Cameron Rutherford, from 1911 to 1941, and has subsequently been designated as an Alberta provincial historic site. Overview Rutherford House was built by Alexander Cameron Rutherford in 1911 on a large lot in the former City of Strathcona near the University of Alberta campus for $25,000. The residence, initially called Achnacarry by the Rutherford family, after their ancestral castle in Scotland, is now known as Rutherford House Provincial Historic Site. In 1966 the house was designated for demolition as the University of Alberta made plans for expansion. It quickly became a public concern to save the structure. The University Women's Club played a key role in saving this historic resource and in 1970 the Alberta government announced its decision that the house would be preserved. The Rutherford House is operated by Alberta Culture and Community Spirit, Historic Sites and Museums Branch and is assisted by the Friends of Rutherford House, a non-profit, charitable society, formed in 1985 to assist the province with the preservation and presentation of this historic site. Architecture The two-storey structure features Elizabethan and Jacobean motifs, with red brick exterior with sandstone trim, tall chimneys, columned porches and two-storey bay windows. The interior of Rutherford House was designed to serve as both a residence and for reception, with ceilings, and a grand central hall staircase detailed in oak, with oak panelling and a stained glass skylight. The dining room is the largest room in the house at featuring a bay window with fir wainscotting and decorative fir ceiling beams. History On 29 May 1909, Alexander Cameron Rutherford became the owner of a superset of the lot now occupied by Rutherford House. The description of him on the certificate title of ownership reads "a gentleman of Strathcona". By late 1909 plans for the house were drawn up by the firm of A.G. Wilson and D.E. Herrald, British-trained architects and civil engineers, and excavation completed by Strathcona contractors James Smith and J.T. Radford. During the following spring of 1910 Thomas Richards, another Strathcona contractor and master bricklayer, prepared the foundation, which was poured by the end of May 1910. The double brick walls were built during the summer of 1910, with some of the work being done by Thomas Richards himself. Work proceeded on the elegant hardwood interior over the winter, with the house being fit for occupancy by February 1911. Rutherford House when completed in 1911 had a number of modern features including hot running water, electric lighting, flush toilets, and telephones. The Rutherford family of four, including Alexander Cameron Rutherford, Mattie Birkett Rutherford, Cecil Alexander Rutherford and Hazel Elizabeth Rutherford moved in by the end of March 1911. The Rutherfords occupied the house until September 1940, when Mattie Birkett Rutherford died on September 13, 1940. In June 1941, Rutherford House was sold, by Alexander, to the University of Alberta – Delta Upsilon fraternity, for $9500, corresponding to the cost of construction. The Delta Upsilon fraternity vacated the house in 1969, after expropriation by the University of Alberta in 1968. The Board of Governors of the University of Alberta agreed to lease the house to the Alberta government for forty years in late 1970 following an agreement with Minister of Public Works Albert W. Ludwig, following a successful campaign for preservation as an historic site by the University of Alberta Women's Club, including the assistance of the Women's Canadian Club, the Northern Alberta Pioneers and Old Timers Association, the Historical Society of Alberta, the Edmonton Historical Board, Provincial Museum and the City of Edmonton. Rutherford House Provincial Historic Site opened to the public in mid 1973, after three years of restoration. Many of the historic artifacts currently in the house are originals, donated by Hazel Elizabeth Rutherford and Helen Reid Rutherford (Cecil Alexander Rutherford's wife). Friends of Rutherford House Society The society was created on April 22, 1985, as a registered charitable society. Its mandate is to assist in the preservation and promotion of Rutherford House as an important historical site; by fundraising and providing opportunities for the public to learn about Alberta's cultural, social and political history. Up until recently it ran a tea room called the Arbour Restaurant as well as a small gift shop (currently operated by the museum), and through contractual agreement with the province coordinates all after-hour, private function bookings. See also Achnacarry North American fraternity and sorority housing Notes References External links University of Alberta Alumni Association Alberta Heritage – Rutherford House Historic house museums in Alberta Museums in Edmonton Provincial historic sites of Alberta Museums established in 1970 Houses completed in 1911 Delta Upsilon houses Historic buildings and structures in Edmonton

6149153

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Poore

Herbert Poore

Herbert Poore or Poor (died 1217) was a medieval English clergyman who held the post of Bishop of Salisbury during the reigns of Richard I and John. Life Poore was probably the son of Richard of Ilchester, also known as Richard Toclive, who served as Bishop of Winchester. He was the brother of Richard Poore, who succeeded him as bishop. He may have served under his father in the exchequer but is first recorded as an archdeacon of Canterbury in 1175. He was initially one of a trio in the office but, in 1180, Archbishop Richard reversed himself and left Herbert the sole archdeacon for the area. At some point, he also became a canon of Lincoln and Salisbury, entitling him to their prebends. In his capacity as archdeacon of Canterbury, Herbert enthroned Walter de Coutances as bishop of Lincoln on 11 December 1183. In July the next year, he was one of the men charged by Henry II to instruct the monks of Christ Church, Canterbury, to elect his favorite Bishop Baldwin of Worcester as Richard's successor. From 1185 to 1188, he directed the income of the vacant see of Salisbury and, in May 1186, the chapter at Lincoln elected him to succeed Walter as their bishop. The king refused his consent. The chapter at Salisbury then elected him to succeed Joscelin as the Bishop of Salisbury. The king assented on 14 September 1186 but the minority appealed to the pope owing to Herbert's birth to his father's concubine. (The position was ultimately taken up by Hubert Walter.) On 29 September 1186 he officiated the enthronement of Hugh as bishop of Lincoln and, in May 1193, he appealed to the pope against Hubert Walter's elevation as archbishop of Canterbury, as the king was in captivity and the bishops had not been present at his election. Instead, Celestine presented Hubert with his pallium, the symbol of his new office, and he was enthroned at Canterbury on 7 November. The canons of Salisbury unanimously elected Herbert as Hubert's successor around 5 May 1194, and the archbishop confirmed the result on 29 April. Herbert was only in deacon's orders at the time; he was ordained as a priest on 4 June, the day before Hubert consecrated him in St Katherine's Chapel at Westminster. He was enthroned at Salisbury on 13 June. In December 1197, Herbert joined St Hugh of Lincoln in denying the king 300 knights for a year's service in his French wars; when Archbishop Hubert made the same request at the Council of Oxford in February of the next year, they successfully resisted. By the king's orders, all of Herbert's English lands were then seized, until he left to visit Richard personally in Normandy. He was permitted to return to England with his lands and title in June upon payment of a large fine. It was Herbert's idea to move the see from Old Sarum to the Salisbury Plain and he received permission from Richard to that effect, but the plan had to be abandoned after King John came to the throne. It was left to Herbert's brother and successor, Richard, to carry it out decades later, founding modern Salisbury in the process. Bishop Herbert attended King John's coronation on 27 May 1199. On 19 September 1200, he served as a papal delegate at the reconciliation of Archbishop Geoffrey and the chapter of York at Westminster and, on 22 November, he was present when the king of Scotland paid homage to John at Lincoln. He was summoned to John in Normandy on 14 December 1201. He received six tuns of wine on 2 January 1205. In 1207, the dispute over the appointment of the new archbishop of Canterbury caused Herbert and Bishop Gilbert of Rochester to flee to Scotland. By 27 May 1208, Herbert appears to have returned to Ramsbury but, the next year, Pope Innocent III wrote to him concerning John's failure to pay Richard's widow Berengaria her pension (21 January) and then directed him, along with Bishop Gilbert, to publish the interdict against John. The king was then excommunicated and Herbert again fled to Scotland. In 1212, he and Bishop Gilbert were instructed to release them from their oaths of allegiance to John. In May 1213, John capitulated; Herbert's lands and revenues were ordered restored to him on 18 July. Herbert died in 1217. Sources variously place the date on February 6 or May 9 while it was commemorated at Salisbury on 7 January. He was not buried at the cathedral church but at Wilton. Notes Citations References British History Online Archdeacons of Canterbury accessed on 30 October 2007 British History Online Bishops of Salisbury accessed on 30 October 2007 British History Online Deans of Salisbury accessed on 30 October 2007 12th-century births 1217 deaths Bishops of Salisbury 13th-century English Roman Catholic bishops 12th-century English Roman Catholic bishops Archdeacons of Canterbury

9993738

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jung%20Ryeo-won

Jung Ryeo-won

Jung Ryeo-won (; born January 21, 1981) is a South Korean-born Australian actress. She began her entertainment career as a singer in the now-defunct girl group Chakra, and first rose to fame in the hit television series My Name Is Kim Sam-soon. She is also known for her roles in Two Faces of My Girlfriend, Castaway on the Moon, Wok of Love, and History of a Salaryman. Early life The second of three children, Jung Ryeo-won was born in 1981, and emigrated to Brisbane, Australia in 1992 with her family. She encountered discrimination in grade school, which made her determined to become fluent in English. By junior high school, she had adapted to the Australian way of life. After attending MacGregor State High School, she graduated from Griffith University with a major in international business. Career 2000–2006: Chakra While she was an exchange student at Korea University from Griffith University in the 2000s, Jung was discovered on the streets of Apgujeong by Lee Sang-min, thereby changing her life and career path. She was placed in the K-pop girl group Chakra, along with Eeni, Eun and Hwangbo; their first album was released in 2000. Jung's morale was at a low in 2002, saying she sometimes felt alienated from her fellow Koreans, and was uncomfortable with the sexy clothes she was made to wear as a singer. 2006–2012: Transitioning to acting Chakra disbanded in 2004, and Jung pursued acting full-time. After undergoing 11 unsuccessful auditions that year, she said she began doubting her decision to become an actress. In 2005, she gained recognition in the cult vampire sitcom Hello Franceska, then made her breakthrough in the romantic comedy My Name Is Kim Sam-soon. The series was a massive success with average ratings of over 37%, and 50.5% for the finale. Jung was praised for her portrayal of a fragile but good-natured character who fights for the hero's love, and eventually became one of the few successful singer-turned-actresses in the country. Her follow-up series Autumn Shower received low ratings, but she rebounded with Which Star Are You From?, in which she played a country bumpkin living in the mountains of Gangwon Province. She was cast in her first movie leading role as a girl with multiple personality disorder in 2007's Two Faces of My Girlfriend, and though it was not a box office hit, she won Best New Actress at the Blue Dragon Film Awards. As the titular character in 2009's Princess Jamyung, Jung starred in her first period drama. She then played a hikikomori in Castaway on the Moon, arguably her most notable film yet. Both her 2011 big screen projects had elements of romance. She played a teacher in a small South Korean village who meets a North Korean officer in the war comedy/drama In Love and War, and in Kwak Kyung-taek's melodrama Pained, she played a hemophiliac who falls for her opposite, a man with analgesia, the inability to sense physical pain. Jung began 2012 by starring as the heroine in quirky series History of a Salaryman. Playing one of the most unusual female characters in Korean drama history, she delivered a fun, no-holds-barred performance as a red-haired, constantly swearing, selfish, reckless rich snob, but injected heart and raw emotion into a character that could've otherwise been very unlikable. Critics and audiences were impressed with her performance, and her series nabbed the top spot on the Monday and Tuesday primetime ratings lineup while she later won a Top Excellence Award at the SBS Drama Awards. She then starred in Never Ending Story, a romantic comedy about two people diagnosed with terminal illness who decide to spend their remaining time together preparing for death. In June 2012, Jung's contract with Won Entertainment expired and she signed with Bae Yong-joon's agency, KeyEast. Later that year, she played an idealistic screenwriter in The King of Dramas. 2013–2017: Acting setback In January 2013, Jung unveiled her official website, through which she hopes to connect with her fans. Messages from the actress are uploaded in the "From rw" section. She then reunited with Pained costar Kwon Sang-woo in the medical drama Medical Top Team, playing a charismatic and ambitious thoracic surgeon. Jung next played an impatient and careless radio producer in the cable series Bubble Gum in 2015; she and co-star Lee Dong-wook previously appeared together in the 2003 sitcom Do the Right Thing. In 2017, she starred in the legal procedural drama, Witch at Court, playing a highly ambitious prosecutor who speaks her mind and is known for her aggressive investigation tactics. For her portrayal, she received the Top Excellence Award at the 2017 KBS Drama Awards. 2018–present: Return to television and continued work In 2018, Jung starred in the black comedy film Gate. She then starred in the SBS' gastronomy drama Wok of Love. In 2019, Jung starred in the legal television series Prosecutor Civil War. In September 2020, Jung's contract with KeyEast expired. She subsequently signed with H & Entertainment. In July 2022, Jung renewed her contract with H & Entertainment. Other activities Jung published Ryeo-won's Sketchbook in 2007, which contained her drawings and writings about her Christian faith. Though she hasn't received formal instruction in fine arts, Jung likes to express herself through drawing in her spare time. Two of her artwork pieces were sold at a charity auction in 2012. In March 2014, Jung began hosting Art Star Korea on cable channel StoryOn, an audition program/reality show featuring contemporary artists. She also participated in the program '살아보니 어때'. On February 10, 2023, Jung donated 50 million won to help 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake, by donating money through World Vision. Filmography Television series Web series Film Music video Discography Book Awards and nominations References External links 1981 births K-pop singers Living people Actresses from Seoul Singers from Seoul South Korean female idols South Korean women pop singers People educated at MacGregor State High School Griffith University alumni Korea University alumni South Korean emigrants to Australia South Korean film actresses South Korean television actresses South Korean web series actresses Australian people of South Korean descent 21st-century South Korean singers 21st-century South Korean women singers Best New Actress Blue Dragon Film Awards winners

3889385

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20NRL%20season

2005 NRL season

The 2005 NRL season was the 98th season of professional rugby league football in Australia and the eighth run by the National Rugby League. The lineup of clubs remained unchanged from the previous year, with fifteen teams contesting the 2005 Telstra Premiership, which culminated in a grand final between the Wests Tigers and the North Queensland Cowboys. Season summary In 2005 the NRL's salary cap was $3.25 million for the 25 highest-paid players in a club. The season was statistically the closest season ever, with just sixteen points separating the Parramatta Eels (1st) and Newcastle Knights (15th). It was also notable in that the previous four premiers failed to qualify for the finals (Bulldogs, Penrith Panthers, Sydney Roosters and Newcastle Knights). In the middle of 2005 the NRL reached a broadcasting rights agreement with Foxsports and Channel 9 worth $500 million over six years, representing a 65% increase in direct television income. The Knights recorded their worst ever start to a season (13 straight losses) and were consigned to last place for the entire season. They did however win 8 of their last 11 games thanks to the return of superstar Andrew Johns. The Knights also defeated five of the top eight teams during the season, four of which were at home. They also recorded their then equal worst ever defeat - a 50-0 thrashing by the Parramatta Eels in round 14. During this match, an EnergyAustralia Stadium attendant ran onto the field, trying to tackle Parramatta's Daniel Wagon before he scored in the 78th minute. Minor premiers the Parramatta Eels lost to each of the bottom four teams (Bulldogs, Rabbitohs, Raiders and Knights in rounds 8, 2, 19 and 20 respectively) during the course of the season. It was announced that the Gold Coast Titans were to be admitted into the NRL as the sixteenth team, scheduled to begin playing in the 2007 season. The Titans would recruit John Cartwright as their inaugural coach and Preston Campbell was their first signing. Johnathan Thurston won the 2005 Dally M Medal by a single point from Newcastle's Andrew Johns, despite Johns missing over a third of the season with a broken jaw. The two clubs that had players sent off won their matches (unlike in 2004) but the dismissal of John Hopoate made rugby league headlines. Hopoate was sent off in his team's win over the Cronulla Sharks and consequently received a 17-match ban. The Sea Eagles then terminated his contract. The Wests Tigers became the first ever joint venture club to win the premiership, having formed in 2000 as a union between the Balmain Tigers and Western Suburbs Magpies, both foundation members of the original New South Wales Rugby Football League. Teams Advertising In 2005 the NRL and their advertising agency MJW Hakuhodo for the third year running stayed with the Hoodoo Gurus' "That's My Team" soundtrack and developed three different musical executions. The campaign focussed on the association of "strength" with the game and the ads featured three different musical interpretations of the song all without vocals. Each was created intending to bring out the positionings of rugby league characteristice of ‘strength of body’, ‘strength of mind’ and ‘strength of character’ Outdoor supersites also featured in suburban locations in NSW and local cinema versions of the TVC ran with a call to action inviting fans to attend a game of the team local to the cinema location. Regular season Bold – Home game X – Bye * – Golden point game Opponent for round listed above margin Ladder Finals series To decide the grand finalists from the top eight finishing teams, the NRL adopts the McIntyre final eight system. Finals Chart Grand Final Statistics and records The Broncos' Darren Smith was the NRL's oldest player in 2005 at 36 years and 284 days. The Brisbane Broncos set a new club record for highest score conceded (50 points) and greatest losing margin (46 points), when they lost 50-4 against the Melbourne Storm at Olympic Park in Round 4. These records were broken in 2020 when they lost 59-0 to the Sydney Roosters in round 4, which was the first (of two) time Brisbane have failed to score a point at their home of Suncorp Stadium. The Newcastle Knights lost a club record 13 straight matches from 13 March - 19 June, and went on to win the wooden spoon for the first time. In Rounds 23 and 24, the Canterbury Bulldogs suffered their worst defeats since 1935, when they lost 56-4 against the Parramatta Eels in Round 23, then lost 54-2 against Wests Tigers in Round 24. Wests Tigers' club record for their longest winning streak with 8 wins from round 16 to round 24. Player statistics The following statistics are as of the conclusion of Round 26. Top 5 point scorers Top 5 try scorers Top 5 goal scorers 2005 Transfers Players Coaches Sources and footnotes External links NRL official website LeagueUnlimited Rugby League Tables and Statistics 2005 Sports Australia League

11102255

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Juico

Philip Juico

Philip Ella Juico is a Filipino sports official. He is the chairman emeritus of the Philippine Athletics Track and Field Association (PATAFA), the NSA for athletics in the Philippines. He was president of PATAFA from 2015 to 2022. Juico served as Secretary of Agrarian Reform from 1987 to 1989. He was Dean of the Graduate School of Business of De La Salle Professional Schools in the Philippines from 2002 to 2008. Education Philip Juico studied at De La Salle University. He finished his elementary and high school studies in De La Salle in 1961 and 1965 respectively. He obtained his AB-BSC degree from the same institution in 1970. In his high school years, he was a sports writer for the official high school student publication, The LaSallite, while during his college years, he was part of The LaSallian, serving as its Sports section editor from 1969 to 1970, and serving its associate editor throughout 1970. De La Salle University inducted Juico into its Sports Hall of Fame in 2001 for his contribution to Philippine sports. Career Business For much of his early career Juico was a consultant to Philippine AgriBusiness. 1986–1987: Deputy Minister, Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1986–1987: Assistant Secretary, Department of Agriculture and Food 1987–1992: concurrent positions as a director of the Land Bank of the Philippines and the Development Bank of the Philippines, as a member of the board of the Development Academy of the Philippines, National Economic Development Authority and Population Commission; and as chairman of the National Agribusiness Corporation and the National Social Action Council. 1987–1992: Chairman, Cabinet Cluster on Rural Development and as Cabinet Officer for Regional Development (CORD) for the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR). Government On July 22, 1987, President Corazon Aquino signed Proclamation No. 131 which instituted the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) as a major program of the government. It provided for a special fund known as the Agrarian Reform Fund (ARF), with an initial amount of Php50 billion to cover the estimated cost of the program from 1987 to 1992. Juico was appointed by Aquino to lead the CARP program. Juico served as Secretary of the Department of Agrarian Reform from 1987 to 1989 under President Corazon Aquino. Juico resigned in 1989 after the Garchitorena land scam, which undermined Aquino's agrarian reform program and prompted an investigation of government officials allegedly involved in the scam. Juico had been accused of violating an anti-corruption law by signing a land-purchase agreement that would have cost the government about $2.7 million. The 4,660 acres of largely non-arable, hilly land in Garchitorena, Camarines Sur was purchased for about $142,600 by a private firm, which then tried to sell it to the government less than a year later for nearly $2.9 million. Juico was exonerated in the case by the Sandiganbayan, a special anti-graft court, on July 16, 1992. The court found there was no proof that Juico took part in any "willful attempt to defraud the government." and he was not obliged "to personally scrutinize all the technical and legal details" of the land deal. Thus the court upheld Juico's denials of accusations by congressional critics that he had been negligent in signing a January 1989 agreement to buy the overvalued land for distribution to farmers. Criminal charges were never pursued against lower-ranking officials. Juico ran in the 1992 House of Representatives elections with Aquino's endorsement but was defeated. Sports Juico is also the fourth chairperson of the Philippine Sports Commission (PSC) of the government from 1996 to 1998. He also has served as chairman of the Philippine Super Liga, a women's volleyball league. In 2015, Juico was elected as president of Philippine Athletics Track and Field Association (PATAFA). He was reelected to the post in 2021. He resigned on June 18, 2022 as the PATAFA chairman and was succeeded by Terry Capistrano. He is also the Vice President and Chairman of the School and Youth Commission of the Asian Athletics Association. Dispute with Obiena In late 2021, PATAFA, led by Juico, initiated a dispute with Filipino pole vaulter Ernest John Obiena involving the liquidation of finances related to the salary of Obiena's coach. Ethics violations The Obiena dispute led the Philippine Olympic Committee (POC) Ethics Committee to investigate Juico. The committee was presented evidence that Juico colluded to create untruthful statements, attempted confidentiality breaches and interfered with sponsorship discussions. These issues were considered unethical and violative of the provisions of the by-laws of the POC, specifically on uplifting the level of performance of Filipino athletes. The POC stated that Juico was given the opportunity to defend against accusations to his conduct but Juico declined due process. Based on the committees recommendations, the POC board declared Juico as persona non grata for his role in the harassment of the athlete. Juico responded that the POC had no jurisdiction over NSAs. The POC clarified its legal prerogative to declare anybody persona non grata and that PATAFA was not penalized, nor was Juico removed, suspended or reprimanded. The POC's ethics committee concluded that Juico had harassed the athlete by making "malicious public accusations". The POC general assembly voted on January 26, to enforce the decision of declaring Juico persona non grata following the official's row with pole vault star EJ Obiena. Thirty-six members of the POC general assembly, including Olympic gold medalist Hidilyn Diaz and former Olympic swimmer Jessie Lacuna, voted in favor of the decision. Personal life Juico is married to Margarita Penson. They have four children, including their youngest, incumbent Quezon City 1st District councilor Mayen Juico. References Chairpersons of the Philippine Sports Commission Corazon Aquino administration cabinet members De La Salle University alumni 20th-century Filipino businesspeople Filipino educators Filipino sports executives and administrators Filipino television journalists IBC News and Public Affairs people Living people Secretaries of Agrarian Reform of the Philippines Year of birth missing (living people) Academic staff of De La Salle University 21st-century Filipino businesspeople

3117732

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Burleson

Kevin Burleson

Kevin Burleson (born April 9, 1979) is an American professional basketball coach, and a former professional basketball player. He is currently the head coach of Rio Grande Valley Vipers of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the University of Minnesota Golden Gophers and began his professional career in the German basketball league. He played for the Charlotte Bobcats of the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 2005–06. Early life Burleson was born in Seattle, Washington. He was born to a prolific sporting family: his father, Al Burleson, played defensive back in the Canadian Football League (CFL) and the United States Football League (USFL). His older brother Alvin Jr. played college football for the University of Washington Huskies and the Western Illinois University Leathernecks. His younger brother Nate was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL), while younger brother Lyndale played college basketball for the University of Nevada Wolf Pack. Kevin and Nate Burleson are one of only two sets of siblings in which one played in the NBA and one in the NFL. Like his brothers he played several sports early on, but gave up baseball as he found it too slow, and gave up football for fear of an injury that would prevent him from playing basketball. Burleson graduated from O'Dea High School after transferring from Garfield High School after his freshman year. At O'Dea, Burleson earned three letters in basketball and one in track and field and played basketball under coach Phil Lumpkin. In his junior year, Burleson helped O'Dea go undefeated through a 29-game season and win the state title. College career Burleson was offered a basketball scholarship to the University of Washington, but opted instead to attend the University of Minnesota for a chance to play in the Big Ten Conference. He played for the Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball team from 1999 to 2003 after redshirting the 1998–99 season. Minnesota made the 2001 National Invitation Tournament (NIT), and Burleson scored a season-high 21 points in Minnesota's win over Villanova in the first round. As a junior, Burleson led Minnesota with 146 assists and had an assist/turnover ratio 146–58. Professional career Burleson began his professional career in Germany. He played for the USC Heidelberg in the 2003–2004 season and for the Walter Tigers Tübingen of Basketball Bundesliga in the 2004–2005 season. He was then signed by the Charlotte Bobcats of the NBA on August 31, 2005. He played with the Bobcats for the 2005–2006 season, but was subsequently cut. In the 2006 NBA Development League draft, the Fort Worth Flyers picked Burleson as the fourth overall pick in the first round. Burleson played for the Flyers for the season, then signed with the Turkish Basketball League team Mersin Büyükşehir Belediye for the 2007–2008 season. In January 2009 he signed with the Idaho Stampede of the NBA Development League the day after being traded from the Iowa Energy. Burleson finished his career with the Egyptian team Al-Ittihad Alexandria. Coaching Career On June 15, 2018, Burleson was hired as assistant coach/player development coach for the Memphis Grizzlies. On June 27, 2019, Burleson was hired by the Minnesota Timberwolves as a player development coach. References External links NBA.com Profile – Kevin Burleson Minnesota Golden Gophers bio (archived) 1979 births Living people African-American basketball players American expatriate basketball people in Germany American expatriate basketball people in Romania American expatriate basketball people in Turkey American men's basketball players Basketball coaches from Washington (state) Basketball players from Seattle Charlotte Bobcats players CSU Asesoft Ploiești players Fort Worth Flyers players Idaho Stampede players Iowa Wolves coaches Memphis Grizzlies assistant coaches Mersin Büyükşehir Belediyesi S.K. players Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball players Minnesota Timberwolves assistant coaches Point guards Rio Grande Valley Vipers coaches Tigers Tübingen players Undrafted National Basketball Association players USC Heidelberg players 21st-century African-American sportspeople Al Ittihad Alexandria Club basketball players 20th-century African-American sportspeople

40639760

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meranoplus

Meranoplus

Meranoplus is an Old World genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. With over 80 valid species, it is predicted that over half of the Meranoplus diversity remains undescribed, most of these from Australia. Classification Meranoplus is a unique and charismatic myrmicine genus of hairy, slow-moving, and armored ants. The genus was previously classified in its own tribe, the Meranoplini, with one fossil genus, Parameranoplus, from Baltic amber (44.1 ± 1.1 mya), but was moved to Crematogastrini by Ward et al. (2015). The historic shuffling of Meranoplus through higher taxa — Cryptoceridae, Cataulacinae, Tetramoriini, Meranoplini — reflects our poor understanding of the phylogenetic position of Meranoplus within the Formicidae. Brady et al. (2006) recovered a clade of Meranoplus and Cataulacus, although this relationship was not supported in Moreau et al. (2006). Distribution The extant species of Meranoplus are distributed throughout the Old World, absent only from the Palearctic and Oceania regions but with the exception of M. levellei, from New Caledonia. Biology Species of this genus are predominantly ground-nesting and, when disturbed, will display thanatosis enhanced by crypsis, i.e., individuals will accumulate dirt in their pilosity and play dead. With respect to diet, most species are omnivores and facultative granivores, while others, including the whole M. diversus species group, are specialist granivores. At least one species, the Malaysian rainforest-dwelling M. mucronatus is known to have a trophobiotic relationship with hemipterans. Meranoplus species are known to be active both day and night, and to recruit via pheromone trails laid from the base of the sting using secretions from their extremely large Dufour glands. The function of the spatulate sting is still unknown. The only species of Meranoplus for which mating has been reported is M. peringuiyi, in which mating swarms occurred after a rain and where males patrolled for the outnumbered females in a zig-zag manner. Species Meranoplus affinis Baroni Urbani, 1971 Meranoplus ajax Forel, 1915 Meranoplus angustinodis Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus arcuatus Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus armatus Smith, 1862 Meranoplus astericus Donisthorpe, 1947 Meranoplus aureolus Crawley, 1921 Meranoplus barretti Santschi, 1928 Meranoplus beatoni Taylor, 2006 Meranoplus bellii Forel, 1902 Meranoplus berrimah Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus bicolor (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) Meranoplus biliran Schödl, 1998 Meranoplus birmanus Schödl, 1999 Meranoplus boltoni Schödl, 1998 Meranoplus borneensis Schödl, 1998 Meranoplus castaneus Smith, 1857 Meranoplus christinae Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus clypeatus Bernard, 1953 Meranoplus convexius Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus crassispina Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus cryptomys Boudinot & Fisher, 2013 Meranoplus curvispina Forel, 1910 Meranoplus deserticola Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus dichrous Forel, 1907 Meranoplus digitatus Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus dimidiatus Smith, 1867 Meranoplus discalis Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus diversoides Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus diversus Smith, 1867 Meranoplus doddi Santschi, 1928 Meranoplus duyfkeni Forel, 1915 Meranoplus excavatus Clark, 1938 Meranoplus fenestratus Smith, 1867 Meranoplus ferrugineus Crawley, 1922 Meranoplus froggatti Forel, 1913 Meranoplus glaber Arnold, 1926 Meranoplus hilli Crawley, 1922 Meranoplus hirsutus Mayr, 1876 Meranoplus hoplites Taylor, 2006 Meranoplus hospes Forel, 1910 Meranoplus inermis Emery, 1895 Meranoplus laeviventris Emery, 1889 Meranoplus leveillei Emery, 1883 Meranoplus levis Donisthorpe, 1942 Meranoplus linae Santschi, 1928 Meranoplus loebli Schödl, 1998 Meranoplus magrettii André, 1884 Meranoplus malaysianus Schödl, 1998 Meranoplus mars Forel, 1902 Meranoplus mayri Forel, 1910 Meranoplus mcarthuri Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus minimus Crawley, 1922 Meranoplus minor Forel, 1902 Meranoplus mjobergi Forel, 1915 Meranoplus montanus Schödl, 1998 Meranoplus mucronatus Smith, 1857 Meranoplus naitsabes Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus nanus André, 1892 Meranoplus nepalensis Schödl, 1998 Meranoplus niger Donisthorpe, 1949 Meranoplus occidentalis Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus oceanicus Smith, 1862 Meranoplus orientalis Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus oxleyi Forel, 1915 Meranoplus parviumgulatus (Donisthorpe, 1947) Meranoplus peringueyi Emery, 1886 Meranoplus pubescens (Smith, 1853) Meranoplus puryi Forel, 1902 Meranoplus radamae Forel, 1891 Meranoplus raripilis Donisthorpe, 1938 Meranoplus rothneyi Forel, 1902 Meranoplus rugosus Crawley, 1922 Meranoplus sabronensis Donisthorpe, 1941 Meranoplus schoedli Taylor, 2006 Meranoplus similis Viehmeyer, 1922 Meranoplus snellingi Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus spininodis Arnold, 1917 Meranoplus spinosus Smith, 1859 Meranoplus sthenus Bolton, 1981 Meranoplus sylvarius Boudinot & Fisher, 2013 Meranoplus taurus Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus testudineus McAreavey, 1956 Meranoplus tricuspidatus Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus unicolor Forel, 1902 Meranoplus variabilis Schödl, 2007 Meranoplus vestigator Smith, 1876 Meranoplus wilsoni Schödl, 2007 References External links Myrmicinae Ant genera

9078433

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelli%20Zhiganshina

Nelli Zhiganshina

Nelli Nailevna Zhiganshina (; born 31 March 1987) is a Russian-born German ice dancer. With Alexander Gazsi, she is a six-time German national champion (2007, 2011–2015) and has won twelve international medals. They have placed as high as 6th at the European Championships and 10th at the World Championships. Personal life Nelli Zhiganshina was born on 31 March 1987 in Moscow. She is the elder sister of Ruslan Zhiganshin, who is a competitive ice dancer for Russia. Their mother is a children's skating coach. Zhiganshina passed a German citizenship test in 2011 and filed documents to renounce her Russian citizenship, as required by Germany. In November 2013, it was announced that she had been released by Russia, allowing her to take German citizenship. Career Early years Zhiganshina began skating in 1990 at the age of three. She took up ice dancing at 12. Zhiganshina competed with Denis Bazdirev for Russia until the end of 2004, appearing four times on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series. Partnership with Alexander Gazsi 2005–2010 In June 2005, Zhiganshina had a tryout with Alexander Gazsi in Moscow and agreed to skate with him for Germany. At the start of their partnership, they trained mainly in Moscow with coaches Elena Kustarova and Svetlana Alexeeva and, during summers, in Berlin and Chemnitz due to Gazsi's army service. They later changed coaches to Alexander Zhulin and Oleg Volkov, also in Moscow. Zhiganshina/Gazsi won bronze at their first German Championships in 2006, their only competition of the season. The next season they won their first national title, placed 16th at the 2007 Europeans and 18th at Worlds. During the 2007–08 season, they made their debut on the Grand Prix circuit, placing 7th at Skate Canada and 8th at Cup of Russia. They won silver at German Nationals and again finished 18th at Worlds. During the 2008–09 season, Zhiganshina/Gazsi did not compete on the Grand Prix circuit. Zhiganshina continued to visit Germany on a three-month tourist visa because the low income from the sport meant she did not qualify for residency and Germany did not have as high caliber ice dancers as Moscow to train alongside. Although favored to win 2009 German Nationals, they placed second and missed the European and World teams. They considered leaving competition to focus on show skating and worked with circus acrobats in Moscow but decided to continue their competitive career and moved to Oberstdorf, Germany in spring 2009 to work with coaches Rostislav Sinicyn and Martin Skotnicky. During the 2009–10 season, they placed third at German Nationals and were not sent to the European or World Championships. They were not eligible for the 2010 Winter Olympics due to Zhiganshina not having German citizenship. 2010–present During the 2010–11 season, Zhiganshina/Gazsi again received no Grand Prix invitations but won three medals at senior B events. They won their second national title and were selected to compete at the European Championships for the first time in three years. At Europeans, they were 8th in the short dance, then edged past Nóra Hoffmann / Maxim Zavozin by 0.39 points into 7th place overall after the free dance. This was the first top-ten result for German ice dancers since 2003 (Kati Winkler / Rene Lohse). The result gave Germany two berths to the 2012 European ice dancing event. Zhiganshina/Gazsi finished 11th at the 2011 World Championships, earning invitations to two Grand Prix events the following season. In preparation for the 2011–12 season, Zhiganshina/Gazsi went to Sofia, Bulgaria, to work with choreographer Maxim Staviski, with whom they also worked in previous years. They began their season at the 2011 Nebelhorn Trophy where they won the silver medal. After placing fourth at both of their Grand Prix events, the 2011 Skate America and 2011 NHK Trophy, the duo finished eighth at the 2012 European Championships and eleventh at the 2012 World Championships. In 2012–13, Zhiganshina/Gazsi placed a career-best sixth at the 2013 European Championships and tenth at the 2013 World Championships. As a result of their Worlds placement, Germany qualified two spots in ice dancing at the 2014 Olympics. In 2013–14, Zhiganshina/Gazsi won their fifth national title and were selected to represent Germany at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. Germany assigned them to the team event short dance, where they placed sixth; Germany, however, did not qualify for the free dance. Zhiganshina/Gazsi finished 11th in the separate ice dancing event. Programs (with Gazsi) Competitive highlights GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series (began in the 2014–15 season); JGP: Junior Grand Prix With Gazsi for Germany With Bazdirev for Russia References External links 1987 births Living people German female ice dancers German people of Russian descent Russian expatriate sportspeople in Germany Figure skaters from Moscow Figure skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics Olympic figure skaters for Germany Naturalized citizens of Germany

1924921

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Cetinski

Tony Cetinski

Anthony "Tony" Cetinski (born 31 May 1969) is a Croatian pop singer. Today, he is one of the most popular male singers in Croatia and countries of former Yugoslavia. Biography Born into a family of musicians in Pula (then SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia), Cetinski began singing when he was 15 years old with various local groups. He moved from Rovinj to Zagreb in 1991 to start his career, and quickly became one of Croatia's leading pop stars. In 1994, he represented Croatia at the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Nek' ti bude ljubav sva". At the 10th Croatian Radio Festival in 2006, Cetinski won all three prizes in pop-rock category: HRF Grand Prix – pop-rock, Listener's award and Music Editors award. He also recorded the song "Lagala nas mala" as a duet with Macedonian singer Toše Proeski. This song appears on both of Proeski's 2005 albums, Po tebe and its Croatian edition Pratim te. The song was also remixed by DeeJay Time. In 2009, Cetinski won the Porin award for best male vocal performance with his song "Ako to se zove ljubav". Cetinski sold out two concerts in Arena Zagreb the same year with more than 30,000 people attending. In December 2020, Cetinski was announced as one of the 14 finalists for Dora 2021, the national contest in Croatia to select the country's Eurovision Song Contest 2021 entry. He performed the song "Zapjevaj, sloboda je!" in a duet with its author Kristijan Rahimovski. Personal life Tony is married to Dubravka Dujak. He is a devout Roman Catholic. Cetinski starred in the RTL Televizija TV show Mjenjačnica (Exchange Office) where he swapped his job with a stone carver from Donji Humac on the island of Brač for one day. On 3 November 2017 in Rovinj, Cetinski drove over a 62-year-old man who was lying on the road in an alcoholic state, killing him. He was accused of causing a traffic accident through negligence, and pleaded not guilty. He was ultimately acquitted in September 2019. In May 2020, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia, Cetinski opposed to the COVID-19 vaccination, claiming that he would rather get detained into a Goli Otok prison for the unvaccinated, and spreading misinformation by relating the vaccination to microchipping. In September 2022, after USKOK arrested twelve Zagreber medical workers for falsifying vaccination certificates, Cetinski's name was one of those on the list of people who were issued false certificates. In July 2023, after Zagreb was hit by a powerful storm that killed two people, Cetinski alleged that the storm had been caused by HAARP. Discography Samo srce ne laže (1990) Ljubomora I (1992) Ljubomora II (1993) Ljubav i bol (1995) Prah i pepeo (1996) A1 (1998) Triptonyc (2000) A sada... (2003) Budi uz mene (2005) Ako to se zove ljubav (2008) Da Capo (2010) Best of Tony Cetinski (2011) Opet si pobijedila (2012) Kao u snu (2018) References External links 1969 births Living people Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Croatia 21st-century Croatian male singers Croatian pop singers Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1994 People from Pula Hayat Production artists 20th-century Croatian male singers

69579204

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian%20horror

Indonesian horror

Indonesian horror are the films of the horror genre produced by the Indonesian film industry. Often inspired by local folklore, Indonesian horror films have been produced in the country since the 1960s. After a hiatus during the Suharto era in the 1990s when censorship affected production, Indonesian horror films continued being produced following Reformasi in 1998. History Ghosts and magical folklore have long been part of Indonesian culture. These later influenced the development of horror films. Kuntilanak are particularly prominent in local horror films. During the authoritarian New Order regime under President Suharto, many horror films included religious symbolism and heroes to adhere to strict guidelines from censors. The Ministry Information under Ali Murtopo required that Indonesian films at the time had to follow strict moral and ethical guidelines, meaning many horror films juxtaposed violence and sexuality with religious heroes and themes. Thomas Barker has argued that films produced after 1998 in Indonesia have been particularly shaped by what he described as the residual "trauma" of violence under the preceding New Order era under President Suharto. Suzzanna was a major film star in the 1970s and 1980s for her work in horror films. She appeared in 42 films before her death in 2008, including , and Sundel Bolong. Indonesian horror films, particularly the work of Joko Anwar, attracted heightened international attention in the late 2010s, aided by streaming services. Some outlets declared films like Impetigore (2019) as part of a new wave of folk horror films from Southeast Asia. Impetigore was Indonesia's submission for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film in its year of release and attracted international recognition, but was not nominated. HBO Asia also released Indonesian-developed horror television series Halfworlds. Notable films Badai-Selatan (1962) (1971) Mystics in Bali (1981) Sundelbolong (1981) Satan's Slave (1981) Lady Terminator (1988) Pancasona (1989) Jelangkung (2001) Kafir (film) (2002) Kuntilanak (2006) Kuntilanak 3 (2008) Macabre (2009) The Forbidden Door (2009) Shackled (2012) Ritual (2012) Hi5teria (2012) Killers (2014) Firegate (2016) Danur (2017) Satan's Slaves (2017) The 3rd Eye (2017) Kuntilanak (2018) Suzzanna: Buried Alive (2018) Sabrina (2018) Danur 2: Maddah (2018) May the Devil Take You (2018) Impetigore (2019) The Queen of Black Magic (2019) The 3rd Eye 2 (2020) May the Devil Take You Too (2020) Affliction (2021) KKN di Desa Penari (2022) Ivanna (2022) Satan's Slaves 2: Communion (2022) Qodrat (2022) Sewu Dino (2023) May the Devil Take You: Chapter 3 (2023) Notable directors Sisworo Gautama Putra Tjut Djalil The Mo Brothers (Kimo Stamboel and Timo Tjahjanto) Joko Anwar Highest-grossing horror film Other media Video games Examples of Indonesian horror games based on folklore story, such as DreadOut and Pamali: Indonesian Folklore Horror See also Cinema of Indonesia Folk horror References

46902122

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C3%A7o%20Theodhosi

Koço Theodhosi

Koço Theodhosi (21 May 1913 in Korçë – 31 May 1977) was an Albanian politician of the Albanian Party of Labour (PPSh). Biography Theodhosi finished the French Lyceum of Korça, and later studied chemistry at the University of Lyon, and at the University of Liège. During his studies he got into contact with French-speaking anti-fascist student group of the French Communist Party (PCF). Upon his return to Albania, he became involved in the anti-fascist movement. In 1936 he joined the Spanish Civil War as part of the international brigades. In April 1939, he was among the organizers of a student protest in Grenoble against the Italian invasion of Albania. It was an appeal to the French Prime Minister Edouard Daladier and the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain to gain support over the Italians. On 8 November 1941, Theodhosi was one of the 200 founding members of the Communist Party of Albania (Alb: Partia Komuniste e Shqipërisë) which would later become the Party of Labour. During the Second World War, he participated as a partisan (1942–44) affiliated with the National Liberation Movement (LANC). In May 1944, he organized a Party Congress in Korçë. He was among the 118 people comprising the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation Movement chosen in May 1944 by the Congress of Përmet. The Council acted as the transitional parliament, and served the Communists in their plans to come to power. In 1944 Theodhosi was appointed by Enver Hoxha as Commissioner of Kuçovë and he served in this position until 1947. After that, he was Deputy Minister of Public Works, before being Deputy Chairman of the State Planning Commission in 1949, under Nako Spiru. In this capacity, he also participated in delegations to the Soviet Union together with Hoxha. In 1950, Theodhosi was elected member of the People's Assembly (Alb: Kuvendi Popullor), where he remained until 30 May 1975. Furthermore, he was for many years a member of the Central Committee (CC) of the Party. In 1954, he was appointed Minister of Industry in the government of Prime Minister Mehmet Shehu, before becoming Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers in 1955. At the 3rd Congress of the Party of Labourt of Albania in June 1956, he was elected candidate-member of its Politburo. On 1 March 1959, he was appointed as Chairman of the State Planning Commission in the government of Prime Minister Shehu, and held this function until 18 March 1966. At the same time, from 16 July 1962 to 18 March 1966, he served as Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers. In addition, on 1 January 1965 he was appointed as the successor of Adil Çarçani as Minister of Industry and held that office until 30 October 1974. During the 6th Congress of the Party in November 1971, he became member of the Politburo of the PPSh, a very high-ranking position which he lost almost four years later by his dismissal in September 1975. From 30 October 1974 to 1 September 1975, he served again as Minister of Industry and Mines in the government of Mehmet Shehu. After his dismissal in September 1975, he was succeeded by Pali Miska both as a member of the Politburo of the PPSh and as Minister of Industry and Mines. Theodhosi was arrested and personally instigated by the Minister of Interior Kadri Hazbiu, who was also chief supervisor of the Sigurimi (secret service). The reasons for his dismissal were stated to be his errors in the construction of the hydroelectric power station of Fierza and the metallurgical complex near Elbasan. An important additional reason for his overthrow was the accusation of military and economic conspiracy. Also accused were other high-ranking military figures: Minister of Defence General Beqir Balluku; the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces (Alb: Forcat e Armatosura të Shqipërisë) General Petrit Dume; the head of the General Political Bureau of the Armed Forces, General Hito Çako; Deputy Prime Minister Abdyl Këllezi; Lipe Nashi; and others. They all fell victim to the accusation of being too close to the Soviet Union, the Prime Minister of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai, and Yugoslavia. In 1977, Theodhosi was condemned to death and executed. His son Arben Theodhosi, who was a painter with several exhibitions in Albania and abroad, had to interrupt his studies when he was detained for forced labor in one of the copper mines. See also Mehmet Shehu Petro Marko References 1913 births 1977 deaths Politicians from Korçë Labour Party of Albania politicians Members of the Politburo of the Labour Party of Albania Candidate members of the Politburo of the Labour Party of Albania Members of the Parliament of Albania Government ministers of Albania Deputy Prime Ministers of Albania Industry and mines ministers of Albania Communism in Albania University of Lyon alumni University of Liège alumni Albanian National Lyceum alumni Albanian anti-fascists Albanian people of the Spanish Civil War Albanian resistance members Executed politicians Executed Albanian people People executed by Albania by firing squad

6826766

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelly%20Makdessy

Nelly Makdessy

Nelly Makdessy ( ; born October 10, 1979) is a Lebanese actress, singer, songwriter, record producer, instrumentalist and model. Nelly started her career in the amateurs TV program "Kaass El Noujoum" which was broadcast on the Lebanese channel LBC in early 1990s, she sang in the category of Folklore Music. Makdessy released four albums in her career and eleven singles. her first album ' produced two hit singles including "Shouf El Ein" and "Machie Al Maghror". It was her most successful album until the 2005 album Oof Oof. In 2008, Makdessy released two hit singles, "Ya'esh El Hob" and "Ya Nar Nari". Biography Early years: Kaass El Noujoum She started her musical career in the amateurs TV program "Kaass El Noujoum" presented on the popular entertainment channel Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation (aka LBC), where she won the first place, and got three golden cups. She was also studying law at the same time. After her success in "Kaass El Noujoum" she devoted herself to music and she signed to a record label in Beirut called Music Master. In their studios she recorded several songs. She started experimenting with different instruments, sounds, genres and vocal styles. Makdessy began to appear on a variety of television channels, including Middle East Broadcasting Center (aka MBC), Qatar, Dubai, Arab Radio and Television Network (aka ART) and the popular entertainment channel Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation (aka LBC) as promotion. 2000–2005: Shouf El Ein,Ahli Arab and Ana Eih On October 21, 2000 after one year and half of hard work, Nelly Makdessy released her debut album, Shouf El Ein. The album instantly became a major hit all over the Arab World. The songs "Machie Al Maghror", and the title track "Shouf El Ein" were released almost simultaneously and all became major hits. The album was certificated Gold for its sales by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Also, before the album's release, a promotional single was released to the Arabic broadcasting channels. In 2002, before coming to fame again and releasing a new album, a fake scandal of Nelly Makdessy was published as a message on a Yahoo! Group and then to other websites including music forums. The message said that Makdessy was a porn star in the United States and it even showed fake photos of her having sex. As a result of these allegations, Makdessy's popularity decreased. She signed with Rotana Records and released a second album, Ahli Arab. It was not as successful as Makdessy's debut album, Shouf El Ein (2001), partly because of the rumor. Two singles were released from the album "Shabky Shanoha" which made a success because of its weird lyrics and "Halo Hali". The music video for "Halo Hali", which came in 2003 a year after the release of the album, made its debut on Rotana Channel which was a newly launched channel back then. Makdessy's third album Ana Eih was released later that year. It featured two singles: "Ana Eih", which was released in early 2004, and the number-one hit single "Eshtag" in Summer 2005. 2006–present: Oof Oof, and releasing singles Makdessy was not satisfied by the policies that Rotana had in 2004. Her contract was terminated after a few months of the release of Ana Eih (2003). Rotana explained the reason to the national press that Nelly was not selling a good number of copies and that she was causing the company a loss. Makdessy denied Rotana allegations later explaining the real reason was that she took the music video for "Ana Eih" and gave it to other channels which was against the policies of Rotana. The videos were exclusively owned by Rotana and could not be aired on other channels. However, Rotana realized that the other artists were not satisfied by the policy as well so it stopped it. Makdessy returned to Rotana in late 2005 with the release of her fourth album Oof Oof (2005). It is her last album with Rotana Records and the latest album to date. The first single "Oof Oof" was sent to Lebanese radio stations in October 2005. Sout Al Ghad FM was the first to launch the song. The "Oof Oof" music video was premiered on the Rotana Music channel on December 31, 2005. It reached the top five on the "Pepsi Chart Show". "Oof Oof" was a cover of the Turkish song of the same name by Gülşen. A second single from the album was released in Summer 2006 for the song "Bass Hoss", her last single with Rotana until she began to produce singles by herself. The first single "Ya'esh El Hob", was premiered on an Egyptian music channel called Melody. It was followed by her single "Ya Nar Nari", a Khaliji song which was released in late July 2008 and was directed by Leila Kanaan. As a result of the big demand that Makdessy received regarding the song "Mohtaga Leek" from Oof Oof, the song was shot as a music video and was released on Rotana Channel along with others. The song was originally released back in 2005 but the video did not come until late 2008, almost four years from the original release. Nelly surprised her fans with the 2010 summer hit "Ya Dada". The music video, which was directed by a new director, is inspired by Walt Disney's Pirates of the Caribbean. However, there has been no news regarding Makdessy's upcoming work. In September 2017, Nelly Makdessy released a new single and Music video, entitled 'Kunt Atmanna', directed by Randa Alam. In July 2023, Nelly released a new single and music video entitled "El Helo Tall" and it was a well-received summer hit. Discography Albums 2001: Shouf El Ein 2002: Ahli Arab 2003: Ana Eih 2005: Oof Oof Singles References External links 1979 births Living people 21st-century Lebanese women singers Lebanese Christians Musicians from Beirut Lebanese film actresses Lebanese television actresses

416255

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pausanias%20%28geographer%29

Pausanias (geographer)

Pausanias (/pɔːˈseɪniəs/, ; ; c. 110 – c. 180) was a Greek traveler and geographer of the second century AD. He is famous for his Description of Greece (, ), a lengthy work that describes ancient Greece from his firsthand observations. Description of Greece provides crucial information for making links between classical literature and modern archaeology. Biography Not much is known about Pausanias apart from what historians can piece together from his own writing. However, it is mostly certain that he was born c. 110 AD into a Greek family and was probably a native of Lydia in Asia Minor. From c. 150 until his death in 180, Pausanias travelled through the mainland of Greece, writing about various monuments, sacred spaces, and significant geographical sites along the way. In writing Description of Greece, Pausanias sought to put together a lasting written account of "all things Greek", or panta ta hellenika. Living in the Roman Empire Being born in Asia Minor, Pausanias was of Greek heritage. He grew up and lived under the rule of the Roman Empire, but valued his Greek identity, history, and culture: he was keen to describe the glories of a Greek past that still was relevant in his lifetime, even if the country was beholden to Rome as a dominating imperial force. Pausanias's pilgrimage through the land of his ancestors was his own attempt to establish a place in the world for this new Roman Greece, connecting myths and stories of ancient culture to those of his own time. Writing style Pausanias has a noticeably straightforward and simple way of writing. He is, overall, direct in his language, writing his stories and descriptions in an unelaborate style. However, some translators have noted that Pausanias's use of various prepositions and tenses are confusing and difficult to render in English. For example, Pausanias may use a past tense verb rather than the present tense in some instances. It is thought that he did this in order to make himself seem to be in the same temporal setting as his audience. Additionally, unlike in a traditional travel guide, in Description of Greece, Pausanias tends to digress to discuss a point of an ancient ritual or to tell a myth that goes along with the site he is visiting. This style of writing would not become popular again until the early nineteenth century. In the topographical aspect of his work, Pausanias makes many digressions on the wonders of nature, the signs that herald the approach of an earthquake, the phenomena of the tides, the ice-bound seas of the north, and the noonday sun that at the summer solstice casts no shadow at Syene (Aswan). While he never doubts the existence of the deities and heroes, he sometimes criticizes the myths and legends relating to them. His descriptions of monuments of art are plain and unadorned, bearing a solid impression of reality. Pausanias is also frank in his confessions of ignorance. When he quotes a book at second hand rather than relating his own experiences, he is honest about his sourcing. Modern views of Pausanias Until twentieth-century archaeologists concluded that Pausanias was a reliable guide to the sites which they were excavating, classicists largely dismissed Pausanias as of a purely literary bent: following their usually authoritative contemporary Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, they tended to regard him as little more than a purveyor of second-hand accounts, and they believed that Pausanias had not visited most of the places that he described. Modern archaeological research, however, has tended to vindicate Pausanias. Additionally, a multitude of scholars have sought to discover the truth about Pausanias and his Description of Greece. Many books, commentaries, and scholarly articles have been written on this ancient figure, and Pausanias's recorded travels still serve as a tool to understanding the relationship between archaeology, mythology, and history. References Bibliography Howard, Michael C. (2012). Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies: The Role of Cross-Border Trade and Travel. McFarland. p. 178. Hutton, William. Describing Greece: Landscape and Literature in the Periegesis of Pausanias. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Further reading Akujärvi, J. (2005). Researcher, Traveller, Narrator: Studies in Pausanias' Periegesis. Studia graeca et Latina lundensia 12. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell. Arafat, K. (1996). Pausanias' Greece: Ancient Artists and Roman Rulers. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Hutton, W. E. (2005). Describing Greece: Landscape and Literature in the Periegesis of Pausanias. Greek Culture in the Roman World. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press. Pirenne-Delforge, V. (2008). Retour à la Source: Pausanias et la Religion Grecque. Kernos Supplément 20. Liège, Belgium: Centre International d‘Étude de la Religion Grecque. Pretzler, Maria (2007). Pausanias: Travel Writing in Ancient Greece. Classical Literature and Society. London: Duckworth. External links Pausanias Description of Greece, tr. with a commentary by J.G. Frazer, 6 volumes (1898) (also at the Internet Archive) Pausanias at the Perseus Project: Greek; English (Jones trans. 1918) Description of Greece, Jones translation at Theoi Project New translation by Gregory Nagy of Harvard University's Center for Hellenic Studies (incomplete). (archived, 2020) Bibliography (in French) "The Oldest Guide-Book in the World", Charles Whibley in Macmillan's Magazine, Vol. LXXVII, Nov. 1897 to Apr. 1898, pp. 415–421. Andrew Stewart, One Hundred Greek Sculptors, Their Careers and Extant Works G. Hawes, Rationalizing myth in antiquity. Oxford: OUP, 2013 contains much discussion of Pausanias' sceptical approaches to myth. Ancient Greek geographers Ancient Greek travel writers Ancient Roman geographers 2nd-century writers Year of birth unknown Year of death unknown 2nd-century geographers 2nd-century travelers

2379059

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastani

Mastani

Mastani (29 August 1699 – 28 April 1740) was the daughter of Chhatrasal and Ruhani Bai Begum. She was the second wife of the Maratha Peshwa (Prime Minister) Baji Rao I. Her relationship within the Maratha Brahmin family has been subject of both admiration and controversy and well adapted in Indian novels and cinema. Biography Early life Mastani was born to Chhatrasal, and his Persian Mistress Ruhaani Bai. Her father was the founder of the Panna State. She and her father were followers of the Pranami Sampradaya, a Hindu sect based on the Bhakti worship of Sri Krishna, but as her mother was Shia, she was also a follower of Islam. Marriage with Bajirao I In 1728, Nawab Muhammad Khan Bangash invaded Chhatrasal's kingdom, defeated him and besieged his capital. Chhatrasal secretly wrote to Bajirao requesting his help. But being occupied in a military campaign in Malwa Bajirao did not respond until 1729 when he marched on towards Bundelkhand. Ultimately Bajirao defeated Bangash after reaching Jaitpur near Kulpahar in present Uttar Pradesh. In gratitude, Chhatrasal gave Bajirao the hand of his daughter Mastani, dominion over Jhansi, Sagar and Kalpi - amounting to a third of his kingdom. After his marriage to Mastani, he also gifted Bajirao with 33 lakh gold coins and a gold mine. At the time, Bajirao was already married and monogamous by both nature and family tradition. He, however, accepted out of regard for Chhatrasal. Back in Pune, the marriage was not generally accepted because of the tradition of monogamy. Mastani lived for some time with Bajirao at his palace of Shaniwar Wada in the city of Pune. The palace's north-east corner held Mastani Mahal and had its own external doorway called Mastani Darwaza. Bajirao later built a separate residence for Mastani at Kothrud in 1734, some distance away from Shaniwar Wada. The site still exists at the Mrutyunjay temple on Karve road. The palace at Kothrud was dismantled and parts of this are displayed at a special section of Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum. Shamsher Bahadur Mastani bore a son who was named Krishna Rao at birth, within a few months of Bajirao's first wife Kashibai delivering a son. The boy was eventually named Shamsher Bahadur I. After the closely following deaths of Bajirao and Mastani in 1740, Kashibai took the 6 year-old Shamsher Bahadur under her care and raised him as one of her own. Shamsher was bestowed upon a portion of his father’s dominion of Banda and Kalpi. In 1761, he and his army contingent fought alongside the Peshwa in the Third Battle of Panipat between the Marathas and Afghans. He was wounded in that battle and died a few days later at Deeg. Death Mastani died in 1740, shortly after Bajirao's death. Her cause of death is unknown. According to some, say she died of a shock after perceiving her husband's death. But, many believe that she committed suicide after she heard of Bajirao's death by consuming poison. Mastani was buried in the village of Pabal. Her grave is called both Mastani's samadhi and Mastani's mazar. Descendants Shamsher Bahadur's son Ali Bahadur I was given the Rajputana provinces that came in Mastani's dowry - Jhansi, Sagar and Kalpi. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 his son Nawab Ali Bahadur II responded to a rakhi from Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi and fought against the British. Ali Bahadur (Krishna Singh) established his authority over large parts of Bundelkhand and became the Nawab of Banda. The descendant of Shamsher Bahadur continued their allegiance to baihi bai fought the English in the Anglo-Maratha War of 1803. His descendants were known as Nawabs of Banda. But after the defeat of Ali Bahadur, the British abolished the Banda state. In popular culture Literature 1972 - Rau, the Marathi novel by Nagnath S. Inamdar featuring a fictionalized love story between Baji Rao I and Mastani. Films 1955 - Mastana directed by Dhirubhai Desai. It starred Nigar Sultana, Manher Desai, Shahu Modak and Agha. 2015 - Bajirao Mastani directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali based on the fictional Marathi novel Rau. Deepika Padukone portrayed the character. Television 1990 - Rau a Marathi TV series based on the fictional novel Rau. 2015 - Shrimant Peshwa Bajirao Mastani, a Marathi TV serial broadcast on ETV Marathi. 2017 - Peshwa Bajirao, a Hindi TV series premiered and broadcast on Sony TV India. Mastani was played by Megha Chakraborty. References Further reading Anne Feldhaus. Images of Women in Maharashtrian Society. Albany: SUNY Press (1998), p. 70. Stewart Gordon. The New Cambridge History of India; vol. 2, part 4: The Marathas 1600-1818. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1993),p. 130. Year of birth unknown 1740 deaths Rajputs Indian Hindus 18th-century Indian Muslims Women from the Maratha Empire 18th-century Indian royalty 1699 births Rajput princesses

52829367

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican%20Party%20presidential%20debates

Republican Party presidential debates

Since 1980, the Republican Party of the United States has held debates between candidates for the Republican nomination in presidential elections during the primary election season. Unlike debates between party-nominated candidates, which have been organized by the bi-partisan Commission on Presidential Debates since 1988, debates between candidates for party nomination are organized by mass media outlets. Party presidential debates are typically not held when an incumbent president is running for a second term. Although debates were held in advance of the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries among challengers to incumbent president Donald Trump, the Republican National Committee did not participate in scheduling those debates nor did Trump attend any of those debates. List of debates 1948 The Dewey–Stassen debate was the first audio-recorded presidential debate to ever take place in the United States. It featured New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey and former Minnesota Governor Harold Stassen discussing the legal status of Communist Party of the United States four days before the 1948 Oregon Republican presidential primary. The debate transmitted throughout the nation via radio broadcast, and is credited with helping Dewey win the primary and the nomination of his party. It is often cited as establishing the modern presidential debate standard. This would prove to be the last time the Republicans held such an event for several decades. 1980 In what would be the start of a tradition in open primary campaigns, the first (of six) Republican presidential debate in over 30 years was held in Iowa on January 6, 1980. Former California Governor Ronald Reagan, who was the prohibitive front-runner, chose to bypass the debate. Five of the ten candidates participated: George H. W. Bush, John Anderson, Phil Crane, Bob Dole, and John Connally. The participants openly criticized Reagan for taking the state caucus for granted, which set the stage for a victory by Ambassador Bush. Reagan would participate in all further debates, including the decisive one, the February 23 debate with George Bush which became known as the "Ambush at Nashua". With Reagan boycotting the Puerto Rico primary in deference to New Hampshire, Bush won the territory easily, giving him an early lead going into New Hampshire. With the other candidates in single digits, the Nashua Telegraph offered to host a debate between Reagan and Bush. Worried that a newspaper-sponsored debate might violate electoral regulations, Reagan subsequently arranged to fund the event with his own campaign money, inviting candidates John Anderson, Howard Baker, Phil Crane and Bob Dole to participate at short notice. The Bush camp did not learn of Reagan's decision to include the other candidates until the debate was due to commence. Bush refused to participate, which led to an impasse on the stage. As Reagan attempted to explain his decision, the editor of the Nashua Telegraph ordered the sound man to mute Reagan's microphone. A visibly angry Reagan responded, "I am paying for this microphone, Mr. Green!" [sic] (referring to the editor Jon Breen). Eventually the other candidates agreed to leave, and the debate proceeded between Reagan and Bush. Reagan's quote was often repeated as "I paid for this microphone!" and dominated news coverage of the event; Reagan sailed to an easy win in New Hampshire. Reagan won New Hampshire in a landslide. The final debate took place on April 24, at Houston Civic Center in Texas, and was between Reagan and Bush. The Moderator was Howard K. Smith and it was sponsored by the League of Women Voters. 1987–1988 On October 28, 1987 Vice President George H. W. Bush fought off attacks from his Republican rivals Pete du Pont, Al Haig, Bob Dole, Jack Kemp and Pat Robertson in the opening debate of the GOP presidential campaign. It was moderated by William F. Buckley Jr. was joined by former Democratic National Committee chairman Robert S. Strauss. The six would debate five more times before Haig dropped out, and then three more, with varying numbers of candidates until Bush rapped up the nomination in March. 1995–1996 The debates started on Wednesday, October 11, 1995 in Manchester, NH, with 10 candidates: Governor Lamar Alexander, Senators Phil Gramm, Bob Dole, Richard Lugar and Arlen Specter; Congressman Bob Dornan; as well as hobbyists Pat Buchanan, Steve Forbes, Alan Keyes and Morry Taylor in attendance. There were two in January, three in February, and two in March. 1999–2000 The first televised debate took place on October 22, 1999 in Durham, NH. Congressman Gary Bauer, Senators Orrin Hatch and John McCain; as well as Steve Forbes and Alan Keyes participated. Governor George W. Bush wouldn't join the group until the third debate, which took place in Manchester, NH on December 2. There were three in December and six in January, by which time, the only viable candidates were Bush and McCain. The final debate took place in Los Angeles, CA on March 2, with Bush, Keyes and McCain on stage. 2007–2008 21 debates were held between the candidates for the Republican nomination for the 2008 United States presidential election. The first debate was held on May 3, 2007 and the final debate was on February 2, 2008. Twelve candidates participated in at least one debate, with the most participants in any one debate being ten. Four candidates participated in at least sixteen debates: Mike Huckabee, John McCain, Ron Paul, and Mitt Romney. 2011–2012 There were 20 debates held between the candidates for the Republican nomination for the 2012 United States presidential election. The first debate was held on May 5, 2011 and the final debate was on February 22, 2012. Ten candidates participated in at least one debate. The most participants in any one debate was nine, in the September 22, 2011 debate in Orlando, Florida. Four candidates participated in the last four debates: Newt Gingrich, Ron Paul, Mitt Romney, and Rick Santorum. Paul and Santorum were the only candidates to participate in all 20 debates. 2015–2016 There were 12 debates held between the candidates for the Republican nomination for the 2016 United States presidential election. The first debate was held on August 6, 2015 and the final debate was on March 10, 2016. Due to the large pool of candidates, some debates were split into a primary debate and a secondary debate. Seventeen candidates participated in at least one debate. Four candidates were invited to every debate: Ted Cruz, John Kasich, Marco Rubio, and Donald Trump. Of these, three candidates participated in every debate (Trump declined to participate in the January 28, 2016 debate in Des Moines, Iowa). 2019–2020 Because Donald Trump was running for re-election, the Republican National Committee did not schedule any debates for the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries. However, private organizations held three debates among Trump's challengers, none of which Trump attended. Joe Walsh and Bill Weld participated in all three debates, and Mark Sanford participated in two debates before suspending his campaign. Walsh and Weld eventually suspended their campaigns as well. 2023 See also Democratic Party presidential debates United States presidential debates References United States presidential debates Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries

6947013

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-Gall

In-Gall

In-Gall (var. In Gall, I-n-Gall, In-Gal, Ingal, Ingall) is a town in the Agadez Region, Tchirozerine Department of northeast Niger, with a year-round population of less than 500. Known for its oasis and salt flats, In-Gall is the gathering point for the Cure Salee festival of Tuareg and Wodaabe pastoralists to celebrate the end of the rainy season each September. During the festival, In-Gall's population grows to several thousand nomads, officials, and tourists. As of 2011, the commune had a total population of 47,170 people. In-Gall had been a stop on the main roads between the capital of Niger, Niamey (600 km to the southwest), and the mining town of Arlit (200 km to the northeast, 150 km from the Algerian border) or the provincial capital Agadez (100 km to the east). In the 1970s, the main road was repaved to transport uranium from the French-owned mines in Arlit, but the new road bypassed In-Gall, ending its use as a waystation. Since then, its population has dropped from almost 5,000 to less than 500. During the Tuareg insurgency of the 1990s, In-Gall was a prime fortification of the Niger armed forces, and when peace was concluded in 2000 the old fort was reportedly abandoned. Description "InGall, an oasis town in a semi-desert zone that forms the gateway to the Sahara. InGall is a conglomeration of mud houses, whose gardens, in contrast to the barren landscape in which the town is set, are filled with fruit trees and vegetable patches." History The history, archaeology, and culture of the In-Gall area has been extensively studied, most notably by the French anthropologist and archaeologist couple, Suzanne and Edmond Bernus. In-Gall is not only a prominent Tuareg seasonal centre, to which certain clans return each year, but it has a history as a stop in the Trans-Saharan trade, was an eastern outpost of the Songhay Empire in the 16th century, was an important centre of the Aïr Sultanate thereafter, and became a French colonial fort in an often hostile region in the early 20th century. Pre-history Archaeological evidence shows the area as a centre of prehistoric populations dating back some eight thousand year to when it sat in the midst of a now dry Azawagh river valley, fed by the Aïr Massif and flowing south to the Niger River. Of particular note have been thousands of pre-common era stone burial mounds which suggest a common culture in the area. Archeologists have also found in the In-Gall region many of the earliest mosques in Niger, dating back to early Berber occupations before 1000CE. Salt extraction In-Gall is intimately linked with the nearby salt industry at Teguidda-n-Tessoumt, around 15 km to the north. Teguidda, on the site of an ancient lake bed, floods as water washes down from the Aïr Massif to the east each year, producing natural salt ponds. The population of In-Gall maintain and harvest from evaporation ponds here, sending labourers from the local clans to work the salt and transport it back to In-Gall at the end of the season. In-Gall is near enough that, unlike the oasis town of Fachi where plots are owned by Agadez-based Tuareg clans and worked by a permanent population, the workers at Teguidda return to In-Gall for the remainder of the year. Teguidda also lacks a stable oasis, which provides In-Gall with market gardens and date palm farming on a year-round basis. Prior to its decline in the 20th century — because of the smaller scale of the In-Gall salt markets as well as its easy access by road — In-Gall was once a destination of the Azalai salt caravans, in which Tuareg merchants transported salt from the markets here across the Sahel for agricultural and medicinal uses. Uranium mining In 2004, a Canadian corporation was granted a government license to mine for uranium in the area. Northwestern Mineral Ventures was awarded the Irhazer and Ingall concessions, each in size. Mines would reportedly be "open pit" strip mines. More than 100 uranium exploration licenses have been granted in the Azawagh area since 2004 to foreign firms from China (over 40%), Canada, and India. Since 2007, a Chinese mining consortium, whose license covers an area north of In-Gall, has carried out infrastructural work for new uranium mine at Azelik, some 85 km north of in Gall, which includes extending roads from In-Gall to the site. Nigerien human rights, environmental and Tuareg groups have argued that mining activities in this region are a threat to scarce water resources, upon which pastoralists depend. The short rainy season in the Azawagh area north and west of In-Gall makes the region the northern destination for a cattle and camel herding transhumance cycle, which sees communities travel as far south as Burkina Faso during the dry months. Dinosaurs In-Gall is also famous to outsiders for its palaeontological digs, most notably the Jobaria tiguidensis, and the remains of petrified forests dating back 135 million years. References Abdoulkader Aghali, Koffi Kouassi. Observatoire de la décentralisation au Niger: N° 73 La commune d'In Gall (3, 2008). Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Dynamiques Sociales et le Développement Local, (LASDEL), Niamey. Retrieved 2009-03-16. Abdoulkader Aghali, Salekh Rhousseini. Observatoire de la décentralisation au Niger: N° 61 La commune d'In Gall (2, October 2007). Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Dynamiques Sociales et le Développement Local, (LASDEL), Niamey. Retrieved 2009-03-16. Samuel Decalo. Historical Dictionary of Niger. Scarecrow Press, London and New Jersey (1979). Niger: Intou.org. Accessed 2009-03-27. Jolijn Geels. Niger. Bradt London and Globe Pequot New York (2006). . Michael Palin's Travel entry for Ingall description of the town during the Cure Salee festival of 2000. Other Links Ingall Photo of Tuareg men at Ingal Market photographs of the InGall market taken by members of a French aid convoy in 2003. Communes of Niger Waystations Sahara Oases of Niger Tuareg

20242966

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasser%20Abufarha

Nasser Abufarha

Nasser Abufarha is a Palestinian-American anthropologist and social entrepreneur. He is the founder of Canaan Fair Trade and the Palestine Fair Trade Association—a network of small-scale family farms organized under fair trade and organic production, active in 54 villages across the West Bank with 1500 members. His book, The Making of a Human Bomb: An Ethnography of Palestinian Resistance, was published by Duke University Press in 2009. Early life and education He was born in 1964 in Al-Jalama, a small farming village near Jenin, at the northern tip of the West Bank. He currently lives in his village in Palestine. After first studying in Canada, he traveled to the United States, where he earned his bachelor's degree in Computer Science from Wayne State University in 1989. Abufarha went on to earn a PhD in Cultural Anthropology, Urban and Regional Planning from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 2006. Career In 2004, Abufarha established the Palestine Fair Trade Association—a network of small-scale family farms organized under fair trade and organic production, active in 54 villages across the West Bank with 1500 members. He also established Canaan Fair Trade, a healthy lifestyle brand of Palestinian speciality foods selling to the United States and Europe. Canaan Palestine products are certified fair trade and organic offering Palestinian olive oil. Publications The Making of a Human Bomb: An Ethnography of Palestinian Resistance. Duke University Press, 2009. Book Chapter: Alternative Palestinian Agenda. in Palestinian-Israeli Impasse: Exploring Alternative Solutions to the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict. Mahdi Abdelhadi, Editor. Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA), Jerusalem 2005. Alternative Trade Organizations and the Fair Trade Movement. Social Research: For A Better World. Issue 6, Spring (2013). Suicide, Violence, and Cultural Conceptions of Martyrdom in Palestine. Social Research: An International Quarterly of social Research. Neil Whitehead and Nasser Abufarha (2008). Land of Symbols: Cactus, poppies, Orange, and Olive Trees in Palestine. (6-2008) Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power. Vol. 15. Bi-nationalism in Palestine-Israel: A Palestinian Historical Choice, Not a Last Resort. Shu’on Tnmawayeh (Journal of Development Affairs), June 2005, Al Multaqa (Arab Thought Forum) – Jerusalem. Bird's Labor Mirrors Palestinian Struggle, July 2001. Capital Times, Madison. Newspaper article. Awards One World Award, IFOAM Organics, Germany, October 2017. Palestine Exporter of the Year Award, Paltrade & Ministry of Economy, Palestine 2016. Premio Verde Award, The Navarro Foundation, Madrid, Spain, November 2015. Leadership Award, Citizenship Category. The Speciality Food Association, USA. Jan 2013. Inspiration of Hope Award. Interfaith Peace Builders. Chicago, USA. December 2010. References Profile of Nasser Abufarha at the Institute for Middle East Understanding Palestine Fair Trade Association - About Us Palcast: Nasser Abufarha on Fair Trade/Organic in Palestine Nasser Abufarha: Bi-Nationalism in Palestine-Israel at Znet.org Leadership Award, Citizenship Category. Palestine Exporter of the Year Award One World Award Canaan Palestine, Nasser Abufarha : A Growing Seed Leader of the fair trade movement in Palestine to speak in Santa Cruz Reshaping Olive Industry to Boost Palestinian Economy. External links Nasser Abufraha Linked in Profile Terroir Talk - Nasser Abufarha 1964 births Living people University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni American people of Palestinian descent 20th-century American businesspeople 20th-century American anthropologists

11505933

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimmer%20%28Fuel%20song%29

Shimmer (Fuel song)

"Shimmer" is a song by American alternative rock group Fuel. It was released in May 1996 as part of their third EP Porcelain and later on as lead single from their debut album Sunburn. Written by Carl Bell, the single peaked at number two on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks charts, number 11 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, number 37 on the Adult Top 40 chart and at number 42 on the Billboard Hot 100. Content Guitarist Carl Bell told a crowd on VH1 Storytellers that the song was inspired by an ex-girlfriend he had shortly after high school, who left him for another man she ended up marrying. A few years later, she called Bell, confiding her relationship woes in him, and he felt a range of emotions from hurting to helplessness that inspired the lyrics of "Shimmer". Critical reception Dan Snierson of Entertainment Weekly cited "Shimmer" as one of the "mellowest cuts" from its parent album, commenting that the song is a "Dave Matthews-ish ditty". Billboard wrote that "the best thing about 'Shimmer' is that it doesn't wallow in angst melodrama or reek of kiddie-pop sugar," and called it "vibrant, aggressive rock' n'roll for adults." Music video The music video has the band performing the song (mostly centered on singer Brett Scallions) and has short flashes to things like a mother and infant child and a dog. Directed by Josh Taft, the film clip's theme of the past and the present draws quite heavily from the song's lyrics of a shimmering love that while starting off mesmerizing can and will eventually fade and be torn away through emotional distance and neglect. The visions concentrate on the position of a past potential family in the storyteller's life as wholesome visions of a woman post-pregnancy in a white dress, a faceless father holding a baby, a goldfish and a family dog come into focus but are rarely seen clearly as the camera blurs and we are drawn quickly away. As the lyrics grind on describing the prior engagements with the female antagonist Taft brings us quite suddenly to the realization that the goldfish is dead, the family dog blurs away and the baby ceases to move and recedes to a cold blackened shape. The arrival of a female antagonist with symbolic sands of time falling through her outstretched hands heralds the arrival of new life as the song reaches its climax. The protagonist's car ride slowly but surely drifts him along and possibly away from the dead home-life but the goldfish now risen is rejoined by a now clearer vision of the family dog and the squirming life of the baby in a man's arms returns. The director has hinted at an emotionally empty space; a dead home through his lack of furnishings, drained color and detached objectivity but seems to suggest that the storyteller singer becomes the one framed in the past while the others live on as suggested in the closing scene. Use in media The song was used in Charmed season one, episode 14 "Secrets and Guys". Track listings and formats US CD single "Shimmer"  – 3:34 "Walk the Sky"  – 3:19 "Sunday Girl"  – 3:41 EU maxi "Shimmer"  – 3:34 "Shimmer" (Acoustic Version) – 3:19 "Walk the Sky"  – 3:19 "Sunday Girl"  – 3:41 AUS CD single "Shimmer"  – 3:34 "Shimmer" (Acoustic Version) – 3:19 "Sunday Girl"  – 3:41 "Walk the Sky"  – 3:19 US 7" vinyl "Shimmer"  – 3:34 "Sunday Girl"  – 3:41 Credits and personnel Brett Scallions – lead vocals, guitar Carl Bell – guitar, vocals Jeff Abercrombie – bass guitar Kevin Miller – drums Steven Haigler – engineer, producer Tom Lord-Alge – mixing Jonathan Mover – drums, percussion Jane Scarpantoni – cello Credits and personnel adapted from Shimmer CD single liner notes. Charts Certifications and sales References 1998 debut singles 1998 songs Epic Records singles Fuel (band) songs Songs about heartache Songs written by Carl Bell (musician)

19209332

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary%20of%20State%20of%20Indiana

Secretary of State of Indiana

The secretary of state of Indiana is one of five constitutional officers originally designated in Indiana's state constitution of 1816. Since 1851, it has been an elected position. The secretary of state oversees four divisions, and is the third highest constitutional office of the state government. The secretary serves as the state's chief election officer, enforces state securities regulations, regulates automobile dealerships in Indiana, and manages the state business services division. The current office holder is Diego Morales. Qualifications and term limits The Indiana secretary of state is a constitutional office first established in the 1816 Constitution of Indiana. Between 1816 and until 1851, the secretary of state was nominated by the governor and confirmed by the state senate. With the adoption of the current constitution in 1851 the secretary of state's office was filled by a public statewide election every four years. To be eligible to serve as Secretary of State, a candidate must be a registered voter who is at least 30 years old on the day they take the oath of office. Secretaries of State take office on December 1 following their election and hold office for four years. Should they resign, be impeached, or die in office the governor has the power to appoint a temporary Secretary of State to serve until the next general election. The new Secretary of State, either appointed or elected, may only complete the term of the previous Secretary of State, not serve a new four-year term. A Secretary of State may be reelected any number of times, but may serve no more than eight years in any 12-year period. As of 2014, the salary for the secretary is $74,580 annually. Secretary of State elections determine party status in Indiana. A party's Secretary of State candidate must garner at least 10 percent of the vote for his or her party to be considered a major party in the state. Powers The Indiana Secretary of State is a constitutional office in the executive branch of the Government of Indiana. State law designates the Indiana Secretary of State as the state’s chief election officer. The Indiana Election Division assists the Secretary in receiving candidate filings and certifying election results. The Indiana Election Division also receives campaign finance reports and assists the Indiana Election Commission in the administration of campaign finance laws. The Secretary of State serves as chair of the State Recount Commission which conducts recounts and contests regarding major party primary nominations and general elections for federal, statewide, and state legislative offices. The Indiana General Assembly has granted the secretary additional statutory powers to maintain the state's registry of notaries. The Indiana Securities Division is placed under the leadership of the secretary. The division is statutory and is responsible for enforcing regulations on the purchase, sale, and trade of all security investments in the state. The division is responsible for granting operating licenses to collection agencies who wish to collect debts within the state. The division investigates violations of the state securities laws, can levy fines on law violators, and can request the Indiana Attorney General pursue criminal charges. As of 2007, the division regulated over 1,000 trading firms and their nearly 40,000 agents. The secretary also heads the statutory Division of Business Services. The division is responsible for maintaining the records of all corporations operating within Indiana, which in 2007 amounted to over 250,000 active and inactive corporations. Non-profit businesses, limited liability companies, and limited liability partnerships also are required to register with the division. The division also approves trademarks and service marks for state companies. The division also maintains Indiana's Uniform Commercial Code which documents the assets and finances of businesses that fall under jurisdiction of the code. In 2007, approximately one million records were kept in accordance with the code. Duties The Office of Secretary of State is one of five constitutional officers originally designated in Indiana's State Constitution of 1816. Sixty-one Hoosiers have served as the third highest-ranking official in state government. Early duties of the office included the maintenance of state records and preservation of the state seal. But as state government expanded, so did the responsibilities of the Secretary of State. Present responsibilities include chartering of new business, regulation of the securities industry, administering regulations relating to the registration of motorized vehicle dealers, and oversight of state elections. Organization of office The Executive Office, located in the Indiana Statehouse, oversees the overall policy, management, and budgeting for the entire office. Four main divisions comprise the balance of the office: Elections, Business Services, Securities and Dealer Services. Elections: The Elections Division assists the Secretary of State in carrying out the responsibilities assigned as Indiana's chief elections officer. The bipartisan division is composed of an equal number of Democrats and Republicans. The division's administrative responsibilities include overseeing the candidate declaration process, certifying election results, and maintaining campaign finance reports. The Secretary of State also serves as chairperson for the Indiana Recount Commission and participates in voter outreach projects aimed at increasing voter participation. The Indiana Election Commission, as opposed to the Division, is an independently appointed Commission of two Republicans and two Democrats. The commission deals with questions associated with violations of the Indiana election laws, and with the imposition of penalties. Business Services: The Business Services Division administers all business-related responsibilities for the Secretary of State including the chartering of new businesses, the filing of commercial liens, and the issuance of trademarks, notaries public and summonses. Securities: The Securities Division oversees Indiana's securities industry. The division is charged with protecting Hoosier investors by bringing enforcement actions against companies and individuals selling securities in violation of Indiana's securities laws and by educating Hoosiers about prudent investing. Over the past four years, the division has imposed a record amount in fines and penalties against scam artists preying upon unsuspecting Hoosier investors. Dealer Services: Dealer Services administers regulations relating to the registration of motorized vehicle dealers, including dealers for automobiles, watercraft, off-road vehicles and automobile salvage. List of secretaries of state Territorial secretaries Secretaries of state See also Government of Indiana List of company registers Explanatory notes Citations General and cited references External links Official homepage of the Indiana Secretary of State 1816 establishments in Indiana

344101

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Door%20into%20Ocean

A Door into Ocean

A Door into Ocean is a 1986 feminist science fiction novel by Joan Slonczewski. The novel's themes include ecofeminism and nonviolent revolution, as well as Slonczewski's own knowledge in the field of biology. Premise The novel is set in the future, on the fictional planet of Shora, a moon covered by water. The inhabitants of this planet, known as Sharers, are all female. Sharers use genetic engineering to control the ecology of their planet. They are peaceful beings who "share" — that is, they have a spiritual and linguistic union with each other and treat everyone equally. The Sharers take egalitarianism for granted because they share and they lack the concept of "power-over", making their society one in which conflicts are settled without violence. When they are being threatened by an outside power, they resist nonviolently because they refuse to believe in power. Thus, the Sharers can never be subdued by force. The Sharer way of nonviolence is more than spiritual. It is based on historical realities of nonviolent resistance. The author based the events of their novel on much historical research, particularly the writings of peace historian Gene Sharp. The novel includes much biological research into the evolution of innate capacities for nonviolence. For example, the participation of children in nonviolent resistance draws on deep instinctual responses found in humans and related mammals. Plot At the beginning of the novel, the Sharers are all female. But as they encounter a non-Sharer community from another planet, which threatens them, the Sharer Merwen realizes that they must find out whether other kinds of "people" can share their life or not. Merwen goes to the other planet, Valedon, to recruit a young man, Spinel, to return to Shora and attempt to learn their ways. This venture leads to disagreement within the Sharer community (they have plenty of disagreements, though addressed without violence). With many false starts, Spinel gradually learns the Sharer way, as a man; and ultimately he works with the Sharers to help them defend their planet from a military invasion. Language A unique expression of the Sharer way is their language, in which subject and object are interchangeable. The Sharers know by context what subject and object are—but their language does not allow them to make a distinction. As a result, they always know that what one person "forces" upon another can always go the other way. Their language impedes anyone from "giving orders" to dominate others. For example, if a stranger says, "You must obey me," the Sharer hears, "I must obey you," or (the closest translation), "We must share agreement." Their language reinforces the Sharers' inability to accept any situation in which one individual dominates another by force. The Sharer worldview extends to their environment, their surrounding ecosystem. They cannot act upon their plants and animals without being acted upon in return. So, for example, because Sharers consume plants and animals as food, they accept the fact that they in turn will become food for other life forms; that predators will ultimately consume them. Even the language's verbs enforce the Sharer's beliefs. All verbs "embed the notion of reciprocity in every action" says Vint, who gives the verb examples, “learnsharing, worksharing, lovesharing” (37). The verb "hitsharing" is also an example because the verb is described as hitting a rock, which will hit back in turn, because of the vibrations one feels on their arms. Characters Merwen Usha Spinel Uriel Lystra Berenice Realgar Malachite Siderite Yinevra Literary significance and reception The 1985 Library Journal review highly recommended this novel, saying "Slonczewski creates an all-female nonviolent culture that reaches beyond feminism to a new definition of human nature". Awards and nominations A Door into Ocean won the 1987 John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel It was a nominee for the 1987 Prometheus Award for Best Novel Publication history 1986, USA, Arbor House, , February 1986, Hardcover 1987, USA, Avon Books, , February 1987, Paperback 1987, UK, Women's Press, , June 1987, Paperback 2000, USA, Orb Books, , October 2000, Paperback References External links Joan Slonczewski site Illustrated guide to A Door into Ocean 1986 novels 1986 science fiction novels Feminist science fiction novels John W. Campbell Award for Best Science Fiction Novel-winning works Novels with lesbian themes LGBT speculative fiction novels Arbor House books Underwater novels Novels about genetic engineering

51897731

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20estrogens%20available%20in%20the%20United%20States

List of estrogens available in the United States

This is a complete list of estrogens and formulations that are approved by the and available in the United States. Estrogens are used as hormonal contraceptives, in hormone replacement therapy, and in the treatment of gynecological disorders. Estrogen-only Oral/sublingual pills Conjugated estrogens (Premarin) – 0.3 mg, 0.45 mg, 0.625 mg, 0.9 mg, 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg Esterified estrogens (Amnestrogen, Estratab, Evex, Femogen, Menest) – 0.3 mg, 0.625 mg, 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg Estradiol (Estradiol, Gynodiol, Innofem) – 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg Estradiol acetate (Femtrace) – 0.45 mg, 0.9 mg, 1.8 mg Synthetic conjugated estrogens (Cenestin, Enjuvia) – 0.3 mg, 0.45 mg, 0.625 mg, 0.9 mg, 1.25 mg Atypical (dual estrogen and nitrogen mustard alkylating antineoplastic): Estramustine phosphate sodium (Emcyt) – 140 mg Oral estradiol valerate (except in combination with dienogest as an oral contraceptive) is not available in the U.S. and is used primarily in Europe. Transdermal forms Patches Estradiol (Alora, Climara, Esclim, Estraderm, Estradiol, Fempatch, Menostar, Minivelle, Vivelle, Vivelle-Dot) – 14 μg/24 hours, 25 μg/24 hours, 37.5 μg/24 hours, 50 μg/24 hours, 60 μg/24 hours, 75 μg/24 hours, 100 μg/24 hours Gels Estradiol (Divigel, Elestrin, Estrogel) – 0.06% (0.87 g/activation, 1.25 g/activation), 0.1% (0.25 g/packet, 0.5 g/packet, 1 g/packet) Sprays Estradiol (Evamist) – 1.53 mg/spray Emulsions Estradiol hemihydrate (Estrasorb) – 0.25% Vaginal forms Tablets Estradiol (Estradiol, Vagifem) – 10 μg (25 μg discontinued) Creams Conjugated estrogens (Premarin) – 0.625 mg/g (0.0625%) Estradiol (Estrace) – 0.01% Synthetic conjugated estrogens (Synthetic Conjugated Estrogens A) – 0.625 mg/g (0.0625%) Inserts Estradiol (Imvexxy) – 4 μg, 10 μg Rings Estradiol (Estring) – 7.5 μg/24 hours Estradiol acetate (Femring) – 50 μg/24 hours, 100 μg/24 hours Intramuscular injection Conjugated estrogens (Premarin) – 25 mg/vial Estradiol cypionate (Depo-Estradiol, Estradiol Cypionate) – 5 mg/mL (1 mg/mL and 3 mg/mL discontinued) Estradiol valerate (Delestrogen, Estradiol Valerate) – 10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL Polyestradiol phosphate (Estradurin) was previously available in the U.S. but was discontinued. Combined with progestins For contraception ⇾ See here instead. For menopausal symptoms Oral pills Conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Premphase (Premarin, Cycrin 14/14), Premphase 14/14, Prempro, Prempro (Premarin, Cycrin), Prempro/Premphase) – 0.3 mg / 1.5 mg; 0.45 mg / 1.5 mg; 0.625 mg / 2.5 mg; 0.625 mg / 5 mg Estradiol and drospirenone (Angeliq) – 0.5 mg / 0.25 mg; 1 mg / 0.5 mg Estradiol and norethisterone acetate (Activella, Amabelz) – 1 mg / 0.5 mg; 0.5 mg / 0.1 mg Ethinylestradiol and norethisterone acetate (FemHRT) – 25 μg / 0.5 mg Estradiol and progesterone (Bijuva) – 0.5 mg / 100 mg; 1 mg / 100 mg Transdermal patches Estradiol and levonorgestrel (Climara Pro) – 45 μg/24 hours / 15 μg/24 hours Estradiol and norethisterone acetate (Combipatch) – 50 μg/24 hours / 0.14 mg/24 hours; 50 μg/24 hours / 0.25 mg/24 hours Combined with other medications Oral pills Conjugated estrogens and bazedoxifene acetate (Duavee) – 20 mg / 0.45 mg See also List of sex-hormonal medications available in the United States List of estrogens List of estrogen esters Oral contraceptive formulations Estradiol-containing oral contraceptive Notes References External links For Women: Menopause—Medicines to Help You – U.S. Food and Drug Administration Estrogens Hormonal contraception

4978057

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Neri

Al Neri

Albert "Al" Neri is a fictional character appearing in Mario Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather and Francis Ford Coppola's trilogy of films based on it. In all three motion pictures, he is portrayed by actor Richard Bright. He functions as Michael Corleone's personal enforcer, bodyguard and assassin. In the novel In the novel The Godfather, Neri begins his career as a New York City police officer, where he earns a reputation for a fierce temper, quick reflexes, and physical strength. He frequently patrols with a large flashlight, which he uses to assault Italian youths who run with gangs or to shatter the windshields of diplomats who disregard traffic or parking laws. Neri is married, but his wife becomes afraid of him after he mercilessly beats up his sister's son. His nephew had been disrespectful towards his sister during a visit and Neri wanted to see the kid straightened out. After his wife leaves him, Neri kills a drug-dealer and pimp by cracking his skull with the flashlight and is convicted of manslaughter. Tom Hagen and Peter Clemenza see Neri as a potential replacement for Luca Brasi, Vito Corleone's feared enforcer, and arrange his release from prison. Normally, policemen are barred from becoming made men, but they were impressed enough with Neri to recommend that Michael grant an exception to the rule. Michael, appealing to Neri's sense of loyalty and Sicilian-American roots, recruits him into Clemenza's regime. Clemenza is initially impressed by the ferocity that Neri displays in their first meeting. Neri later 'makes his bones' and becomes Michael's chief lieutenant by personally murdering Moe Greene and Emilio Barzini on Michael's behalf. Neri carries out the latter murder while disguised in his old police uniform. After Salvatore 'Sal' Tessio is executed for betraying Michael, Neri is promoted to caporegime of Tessio's former crew, and plays a key role in the wave of murders that re-establishes the Corleones as the most powerful crime family in the nation. When Michael and his family move to Nevada, Neri becomes head of security for all hotels controlled by the Corleones. In the film series In the film version of The Godfather, Neri's backstory is not mentioned. He does not say a word in the first film and following Michael's return from exile in Sicily, Neri becomes his bodyguard, accompanying him everywhere. In the famous 'baptism sequence', Neri, disguised in a police uniform, guns down Barzini and his bodyguards on the steps of a courthouse, much as he does in the novel. However, the murder of Greene, which occurs simultaneously, is handled by another, anonymous gunman. In The Godfather Part II, Neri is portrayed as Michael's unofficial second-in-command in his operations in Nevada, and is one of Michael's capos along with Rocco Lampone and Frank Pentangeli. In a deleted scene, Neri is shown "convincing" Meyer Klingman, a hotel owner, to give his interest in the hotel to the Corleone family. When Klingman protests, Neri slaps him in the face and pursues him through the casino's showroom, while casino security guards (now under Corleone control) do nothing. During a Senate investigation of Michael's criminal syndicate, Neri is identified as a capo for the Corleone family on an organization chart. He also carries out the execution of Michael's brother Fredo Corleone, under Michael's orders: while out fishing together on Lake Tahoe, Al Neri shoots Fredo in the back of the head. By the time of The Godfather Part III, with Michael's decision to 'go legitimate' by selling his casino interests and transferring control of his rackets to former subordinate Joey Zasa, Neri continues to serve as his bodyguard, as well as becoming the new underboss (replacing Fredo Corleone). When Zasa betrays Michael and attempts to have him murdered at a meeting of the Commission in Atlantic City, Neri saves Michael's life and later helps Michael's nephew, Vincent Mancini, to plan Zasa's murder. When Michael retires and transfers control of the family to Vincent, Neri is the second to pledge his loyalty, after Calò, the former bodyguard of Don Tommasino. In the closing scenes of the film, Vincent calls upon Neri's skills one last time, sending him to infiltrate Vatican City, where he guns down corrupt Archbishop Gilday and tosses his body down a staircase. In other media In Mark Winegardner's novel The Godfather's Revenge, Neri and his nephew take part in an attempt to obtain information from antagonist Nick Geraci's father. He is seriously wounded in a shootout at the end of the novel. In The Godfather: The Game, Neri is voiced by Terry McGovern. References External links Al Neri on IMDb The Godfather characters Characters in American novels of the 20th century Characters in American novels of the 21st century Fictional bodyguards Fictional contract killers Fictional Italian American people Literary characters introduced in 1969 Fictional gangsters Fictional New York City Police Department officers Male characters in literature Male characters in film Cultural depictions of the Mafia Film characters introduced in 1972

3948414

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig%20Thuille

Ludwig Thuille

Ludwig Wilhelm Andreas Maria Thuille (Bozen, 30 November 1861 – 5 February 1907) was an Austrian composer and teacher, numbered for a while among the leading operatic composers of the so-called Munich School of composers, whose most famous representative was Richard Strauss. Biography Thuille was born in Bozen, then part of Tyrol, now in Italy. He lost both his parents in 1872 when he was 11, and moved in with his step-uncle in Kremsmünster, Austria. There he sang in the Benedictine choir and studied organ, piano, and violin. His musical abilities were exceptional, so in 1876 the widow of a composer/ conductor, Matthaus Nagiller, took him to Innsbruck for more advanced musical training. There, in the summer of 1877, he met the young Richard Strauss, whose family was visiting the town; the two became lifelong friends. His Innsbruck teacher of organ and theory recommended him to the distinguished composer Josef Rheinberger in Munich, who took him as a pupil in the Hochschule für Musik und Theater München, from where he graduated with honors in 1882. A year later he became a teacher, and few years thereafter a professor of theory and composition. His many pupils included Hermann Abendroth, Ernest Bloch, , Richard Wetz, Paul von Klenau, Rudi Stephan, Walter Braunfels, Mabel Wheeler Daniels, Henry Kimball Hadley and Walter R. Spalding, who became the head of the Division of Music at Harvard University, and later taught Leroy Anderson. A prolific composer, Thuille concentrated on chamber music - he is remembered principally for his Sextet for piano and wind instruments (1886–88), the only one of his works to have kept a toehold on the repertoire - and opera, though his early works include a Piano Concerto and a Symphony. In 1897 his opera Theuerdank gained the first prize and a prestigious staged premiere in an operatic competition sponsored by the Regent of Bavaria, in which Alexander von Zemlinsky was placed second. His second opera Lobetanz was premiered the following year in Karlsruhe and was a considerable, if short-lived, success. He also composed a Symphony in F major, much praised by Strauss, five other chamber works, 13 choral pieces, and 78 songs. Despite his friendship with Strauss (which extended to making a 2-piano arrangement of the latter's tone poem Don Juan), and despite his devotion to music-drama, Thuille remained a fairly conservative composer during his brief life. He died at the age of 45 in 1907 in Munich of heart failure. He was married for twenty years to Emma (née Dietl) until his death. They had two children. Though neglected as a composer, Thuille's posthumously published Harmonielehre (written in collaboration with Rudolf Louis) went through many editions and was highly influential. Widely employed as part of the conservatory curriculum in German speaking countries through the 1960s, the Harmonielehre in two volumes is an important theoretical formulation devoted innovatively to the practices of the Munich School of composers, and remains one of few existing records providing examples of this music. While Thuille's Sextet has always retained a certain following, several of his other compositions have become commercially available on CD only in recent years — his two Piano Quintets, the Piano Trio in E-flat, the Piano Concerto in D and the Symphony in F among them. List of selected works Operas Theuerdank Lobetanz, Op.10 Orchestral works Romantic Overture, Op.16 (Prelude to Act I of Theuerdank) Symphonicher Festmarsch, Op.38 Symphony in F Piano Concerto in D Keyboard Organ sonata in A minor, Op. 2 3 Piano Pieces, Op.3 3 Piano Pieces, Op.33 3 Piano Pieces, Op.34 2 Piano Pieces, Op.37 Chamber Violin Sonata in D minor, No.1, Op.1 Sextet for Piano and Wind Quintet in B-flat major, Op.6 Piano Quintet in E-flat major, No.2, Op.20 Cello Sonata, Op.22 Violin Sonata in E minor, No.2, Op.30 Allegro Giusto, Op.39, for Violin and Piano Piano Trio in E-flat major Piano Quintet in G minor String Quartet in A major, No.1 String Quartet in G major, No.2, WoO Quartett-Satz for String Quartet in A major Vocal 78 solo songs, including: 5 Lieder, Op.4 3 Lieder for female voice, Op. 5 Song-cycle, Von Lieb' und Leid, Op. 7 3 Lieder Op. 12 3 Lieder, Op.15 3 Lieder, Op.26 4 Lieder, Op.27 Urschlamm-Idyll, song for bass voice and piano (1908) 13 choral pieces, including: Weihnacht im Walde, Op. 14 for men's chorus Traumsommernacht, Op. 25, for women's chorus with harp and violin Rosenlied, Op. 29, for three-part women's chorus with piano References Further reading Munter, Friedrich. Ludwig Thuille: Ein enter Versuch. Munich: Drei Masken Verlag, 1923. External links Texts of songs by Ludwig Thuille at The LiederNet Archive 1861 births 1907 deaths Burials at Munich Waldfriedhof Musicians from Bolzano Austrian Romantic composers Austrian opera composers Male opera composers German music educators Austrian people of French descent German music theorists University of Music and Performing Arts Munich alumni Pupils of Josef Rheinberger Austrian male classical composers 20th-century Italian male musicians 19th-century Italian male musicians 19th-century German musicologists

44118977

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Eddie%20Cantor%20Comedy%20Theatre

The Eddie Cantor Comedy Theatre

The Eddie Cantor Comedy Theatre is a half-hour filmed American comedy series produced by Eddie Cantor and made at Ziv Television Programs, Inc. for first-run syndication. Cantor hosted and performed on each show. Thirty-nine episodes were produced and aired in 1955 before Cantor decided the show was too much for him to continue doing. Premise During November 1954, Cantor explained his idea for television success to columnist Erskine Johnson: "The size of TV screens demands intimacy, close-ups, and not more than half a dozen people on stage at the same time". This was an unusual mixed genre show, combining elements of comedy, variety and anthology. Each episode might have one or multiple guest stars, who would interact with Cantor before and after any sketches. (There were also supporting actors and extras). Some episodes had a single long sketch with an intermission, others had two or three short sketches, while a few dispensed with sketches for musical variety. The sketches were always light-hearted comedies, with Cantor sometimes performing in them alongside the guest star and supporting players. "I'm the host, but I get around" Cantor said. A typical show opened with a theater marquee displaying the shows name, the camera moving inside the theater lobby, where a large photo poster of Cantor was displayed, while the guest star name(s) appeared on screen. Cantor would appear backstage, introduce that episode's guest star(s), and they would engage in banter for a few minutes. A sketch might ensue, the conceit being that it was performed before an actual theater audience. Cantor would reappear to introduce a commercial break, often by way of a short skit. The last half of the sketch (or a second sketch, or musical numbers) would follow. When complete, Cantor and the guest star(s) would reengage before a theater curtain to applause. Cantor would then close with a short song just before the credits rolled. Production Worn out from doing live television shows, Cantor signed a contract with Ziv Television during the summer of 1954 to do a filmed program. The seven year contract called for 39 films (episodes) per year for a comedy and variety show. Some newspapers reported that the show would have a $9 million dollar budget in order to complete 39 episodes. However, John Sinn of Ziv Television clarified this by saying the average budget per TV episode was $53,000, while the larger figure included seven years of radio shows. By early November Cantor had completed filming several episodes, while Ziv Television announced the first episode would be available for airing on January 23, 1955. Columnist Eve Starr reported that Cantor's Comedy Theatre had "sold to 60 syndicated spots its first two weeks on the market". One major sponsor was Burgermeister Beer, which purchased spots in many West Coast markets. Most sponsors however were buying for a single market, such as the First Trust Company and First National Bank, both of Lincoln, Nebraska, which jointly purchased the spot for their city. By late March 1955 only a few weeks worth of filming remained for the first season, while the number of broadcasting spots sold nationwide approached 180. Response John Lester in his syndicated column said the show "was disappointing in its premiere last week, to say the very least and to say it as kindly as possible". John Crosby was more blunt in his column: "The show's a mishmash. Cantor bursts into song... Then there are the sketches, the like of which have not been seen in a long, long time... it reminded me strongly of the sort of thing you'd find in a Broadway revue around 1922". One reviewer voiced a common opinion among critics; after giving the guest star lineup for an episode, he said: "That's a lot of talent for Eddie to hide while he hogs the camera". Erskine Johnson reported in September 1955 that Cantor wanted to stop doing the show after 39 episodes because "It's just too much for me". Broadcast history The first episode broadcast was on Monday, January 23, 1955. Since it was syndicated, stations ran it on different days of the week, and at various times, usually after network programming had ended for the evening. In many markets it replaced the show Foreign Intrigue, which had had the same sponsors. Newspapers often shortened the name in television listings to Eddie Cantor Show. Stations first started broadcasting the show anywhere from January thru April depending on the market. Episodes were often skipped or shown out of release order. Because it was syndicated and stations had already paid for one-time showings of the episodes, it continued to be broadcast as late as August 1956. Episodes In the following table multiple sketches are indicated by numbers in parentheses. "Original Air Date", except for the first episode, is omitted: all 39 episodes were available for broadcasting by May 1955. Notes References External links The Eddie Cantor Comedy Theatre at CVTA with episode list 1950s American anthology television series 1955 American television series debuts 1955 American television series endings First-run syndicated television programs in the United States

38500298

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20voivodes%20of%20Kiev

List of voivodes of Kiev

This the list of voivodes of Kiev. A Kiev voivode () was the major administrative position in Kiev Voivodship, in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1471 until 1569 and in of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1569 until 1793. In the 15–16th centuries, all of the voivodes were of Lithuanian or Ruthenian origin, such as Holszański and Radziwiłł. Later belonged to Eastern Orthodox families of Ostrogski and Zaslawski and for short period Movilești (Lozynski). From the beginning of the 17th century, the voivodes of Polish origin, along with Ruthenian, were chosen for the office, particularly Potocki. Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1471–1569) Martynas Goštautas (Marcin Gasztołd) (1471–1475) Ivan Chodkiewicz (Jonas Ivanas Chodkevičius) (1480–1484) Jerzy Pac (Jurgis Pacas) (1486–1492) Dymitr Putiatycz (Dmytro Putyatych) (1492–1505) Jerzy Montowtowicz (Jurgis Montovtt) (1505–1508) Jan Gliński (Jonas Glinskis, Ivan Hlynsky) (1508) Jerzy Holszański (Jurgis Alšėniškis, Yuriy Olshansky) (1508–1511) Jerzy Radziwiłł (Jurgis Radvila) (1511–1514) Andrzej Niemirowicz (Andriy Nemyrych) (1514–1541) Jan Holszański (Ivan Olshansky) (1542–1544) Fryderyk Proński (Semen Hlebovych Pronsky, Frederikas Prunskis) (1545–1555) Hrehory Chodkiewicz (Grigorijus Chodkevičius) (1555–1559) Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski (Kostiantyn Vasyl Ostrozky) (1559–1569) Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (1569–1793) Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski (1559–1608) Stanisław Żółkiewski (1608–1618) Tomasz Zamoyski (1619–1628) Aleksander Zasławski (1629) Stefan Chmielecki (1629–1630) Janusz Tyszkiewicz (1630–1649) Adam Kisiel (1650–1653) since 1654 in Zhytomyr Stanisław Rewera Potocki (1655–1658) Jan Zamoyski (1658–1659) Jan Wyhowski (1659–1664) Stefan Czarniecki (1664–1665) Michał Stanisławski (1665–1668) Andrzej Potocki (1668–1681) Feliks Kazimierz Potocki (1682) Stefan Niemirycz (1682–1684) Marcin Kątski (1684–1702) Józef Potocki (1702–1744) Stanisław Potocki (1744–1756) Franciszek Salezy Potocki (1756–1772) Stanisław Lubomirski (1772–1785) Józef Gabriel Stempkowski (1785–1791) Antoni Protazy Potocki (1791–1793) Muscovy Boyar Feodor Kurakin (1653), siege voivode Vasiliy Buturlin (1654), envoy to the Pereyaslav Council Andrei Buturlin (1656–1658) Boyar Vasiliy Sheremetev (1658–1660) Prince Yury Baryatinsky (1658–1663), comrade to Vasiliy Sheremetev (1658–1660) and Grigoriy Kurakin (1662–1663) Ivan Chaadayev (1658–1661, 1663–1665) Ivan Rzhevskiy (1661), siege voivode Prince Nikita Lvov (1665–1666) Vasiliy Sheremetev (1665–1669) Peotr Sheremetev Senior (1665–1669) Prince Grigoriy Kozlovskiy (1669–1673), first voivode Prince Yuriy Trubetskoy (1673–1679) Prince Daniil Veliko-Gagin (1672–1674) Prince Aleksei Golitsyn (1675–1676) Prince Ivan Troyekurov (1678–1680), first voivode Daniil Baryatinsky (1678–1682), second voivode Ivan Khitrovo Senior (1679–1681) Yeremei Pashkov (1680–1683), third voivode Leontiy Neplyuyev (1681) Peotr Prozorovskiy Junior (1682–1683), first voivode Boyar Feodor Sheremetev (1684–????), first voivode Boyar Feodor Saltykov Ivan Buturlin (1688–1689) Prince Mikhail Romodanovskiy (1689–1692) Prince Luka Dolgorukov (1691–1693) Prince Peotr Khovanskiy Senior (1693–1696) Lists of office-holders in Poland History of Kyiv Lists of office-holders in Lithuania Lists of office-holders in Ukraine

13504313

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill%20GH1

Hill GH1

The Hill GH1 was a Formula One car used by Embassy Hill during the 1975 Formula One season. It was designed by Andy Smallman. The car was initially designated as the Lola T371, but when Smallman left Lola to work full-time for Embassy Hill it was renamed as the Hill GH1. GH1 cars participated in 12 World Championship Grands Prix in 1975, with 21 entries in total using six different drivers. Two points finishes yielded 11th place in the World Constructors' Championship, with three points. Racing history The car was not ready for a Formula One appearance until the third race of the season, the South African Grand Prix, when Rolf Stommelen finished seventh on the car's debut. At the Spanish Grand Prix, Graham Hill did not drive so François Migault took the second car alongside Stommelen. Stommelen led the race until the rear wing on his car broke, sending him into the barrier, ironically at the point that the Embassy Hill mechanics had worked on it. He bounced off it and back into the road, hitting the barrier across the way, and flying over it. Five spectators were killed by Stommelen's car with the driver suffering a broken leg, a broken wrist and two cracked ribs. Migault finished 10th of those still running when the race was stopped but was 11 laps behind, and was officially not classified. As a result of the accident, the grid was staggered and in addition, would be restricted to just 18 cars for the subsequent Monaco Grand Prix. This last change affected Graham Hill's chance to qualify, the five-time Monaco winner had practice problems and failed to qualify by 0.377 seconds. Tony Brise replaced Hill, and Migault returned to replace Stommelen, for the Belgian Grand Prix. Brise, on his debut, gained a fourth-row start but spun at the chicane and retired shortly afterwards (lap 18) with piston failure. Migault retired with Suspension failure on lap 58. Vern Schuppan drove the second Hill alongside Brise for the Swedish Grand Prix. Brise was showing little respect for his elders, overtaking Mark Donohue and Ronnie Peterson and challenging championship leader Emerson Fittipaldi. Then his gearbox jammed in fourth and he was re-passed by Donohue, but in his third Grand Prix, gained his first World Championship point and Graham Hill's first as a constructor. It would prove the only point of Brise's F1 career. Schuppan Retired with Transmission failure on lap 48. Alan Jones drove the second Hill alongside Brise for four races. The first was the Dutch Grand Prix when Brise finished seventh and Jones 13th. At the French Grand Prix, Brise finished seventh and Jones 16th. Prior to the British Grand Prix Graham Hill announced his retirement as a driver after 17 seasons and 176 races to concentrate on running the Embassy Hill team. Jones finished 10th and Brise 15th despite him, Wilson Fittipaldi (Fittipaldi), Dave Morgan (Surtees), John Nicholson, (Lyncar), Brian Henton, (Lotus), Carlos Pace (Brabham), Jody Scheckter (Tyrrell) and James Hunt (Hesketh) going off at Club Corner and the race being red flagged. The German Grand Prix saw the Hill team's best result with Jones 5th but Brise retired through accident. Stommelen returned for the rain-shortened Austrian Grand Prix where he finished 16th and Brise 15th. At the Italian Grand Prix Brise pleased the Embassy Hill team by gaining a third-row spot. but both he and Stommelen retired with accidents. The United States Grand Prix was the final race for Brise and the Embassy Hill team, which only entered Brise who retired through accident on lap five. Embassy Hill air crash On the evening of 29 November 1975, Hill was piloting a Piper Aztec light aircraft from France to London. His passengers were team manager Ray Brimble, driver Tony Brise, designer Andy Smallman and mechanics Terry Richards and Tony Alcock. They were returning from Paul Ricard where they had been testing the Hill GH2 being prepared for 1976. They were due to land at Elstree Airfield before onward travel to London to attend a party. Shortly before 10pm, the plane hit trees beside a golf course at Arkley in thick fog. In the ensuing crash and explosion, everyone on board was killed. As Embassy Hill now only consisted of the deputy team manager and two mechanics, it was impossible to continue, and so the team closed down. Complete Formula One World Championship results (key) Non-Championship results (key) References Hill Formula One cars

71236471

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20C.%20Miller

Don C. Miller

Don C. Miller (May 25, 1923 - March 22, 2015) was an American engineer and grave robber from Rush County, Indiana. Miller led a long career in electrical engineering, but he is most well known for his sizable and controversial private collection of artifacts. In 2014, an investigation of his collection by the Federal Bureau of Investigation resulted in the "largest single recovery of cultural property in FBI history". Early life and career Don Miller was born on his family's farm in Orange Township, Rush County, where he lived for most of his life. He was raised an Evangelical Christian and continued in that faith throughout his life. During the 1940s, Don Miller worked in New Mexico at the Los Alamos National Laboratory on the Manhattan Project. He reportedly claimed that he fired the world's first atomic bomb. This claim has been disputed. Vanity Fair reported that Miller assisted William Higinbotham, the head of the Manhattan Project's electronics group, in constructing equipment for the Trinity Test. He also observed and gathered data on the Trinity Test. However, there is no record that Miller fired the first atomic bomb and Joe McKibben is broadly recognized as the person that did. Miller spent most of his career working in the research department of Naval Avionics of Indianapolis. He retired from that position in 1990. Miller founded and owned an electrical component manufacturing company named Wyman Research, Inc. from 1998 to 2000. Private collection and FBI seizure Throughout his adult life, Miller was known to be an avid collector of artifacts and often collected items while traveling, sometimes while on Christian mission trips abroad. Some of the items in his collection were displayed in a private gallery located in the basement of his home while others were kept in storage on his property. Miller was known to give tours of his collection to local residents, reporters, and boy scout groups. In 2013, the FBI received an anonymous tip about Miller's "amateur archeologist" collection of artifacts; the tipster claimed that the collection included human skulls, bones, and articulated skeletons. Special Agent Tim Carpenter of the FBI Art Crime Team followed up on the tip and Miller gave the officer a voluntary tour of the property. During the tour, Carpenter observed artifacts that he considered to be "almost certainly illegal" to possess and Miller claimed that he had personally recovered each artifact. Following this initial visit, the FBI launched an investigation into Miller's collection. He was suspected of "knowingly or unknowingly improperly recovering artifacts" and violating treaties in his collection of items abroad. The artifacts that Miller collected spanned North America, South America, Asia, the Caribbean, and Papua New Guinea. Carpenter believes that Miller's passion was Native American cultural artifacts, which comprised the bulk of his collection. Tim Carpenter led the recovery effort in April 2014. Miller ultimately cooperated with the investigation and teams of federal agents and scientists erected tents on his property to process the artifacts. At that time, Miller's collection was estimated to contain 42,000 artifacts of historical and cultural significance and the FBI Art Crime Team seized more than 7,000 artifacts. The recovery operation was complicated due to the sheer quantity of objects and their cultural, historical, and spiritual significance. The operation lasted six days. Despite the seizure of illegally recovered artifacts from his property, Miller was not arrested or charged with a crime by the FBI. He was 90 years old when the FBI conducted their investigation and his advanced age may have influenced the decision to forgo charges. He died less than one year after the FBI raid on his home. Human remains and repatriation Notably, Miller's collection included over 2,000 human bones from an estimated 500 individuals that were looted from Native American burial grounds. FBI agents discovered an articulated skeleton in a display case and Miller claimed that it was the remains of Crazy Horse, a famous Lakota war leader. It was later discovered that this skeleton was actually an amalgamation of bones from several individuals that Miller had allegedly glued together. Agents also discovered skulls that were pierced with arrowheads, which were also apparently staged by Miller. Carpenter reported that some of the bones were neatly arranged and displayed while others were wrapped in black garbage bags and stored in a defunct fallout shelter. The FBI partnered with tribal authorities and academics to identify the origins of the remains and attempt to repatriate them. Pete Coffey, a tribal official of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara nations, emphasized the damage that has been caused by Miller's actions and the spiritual importance of returning ancestors' remains to their resting places. The process of repatriating remains has been particularly difficult for several reasons. Many of the bones were intermingled and stored in a disorganized fashion with few clues to their origins. DNA analysis may assist in identification, but would require invasive procedures. Under the request of Native tribes that they have consulted with, Carpenter's team does not want to cause "further offense to the ancestral remains" by attempting to extract DNA. Holly Cusack-McVeigh, a professor of anthropology and museum studies at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis has been a key partner in repatriating the recovered artifacts and remains. As of 2019, the FBI estimated that only 15% of the recovered artifacts had been repatriated. The FBI is hoping that experts will contact them to review collections relevant to their area of expertise to assist in the repatriation process. As of 2019, items had been repatriated to Canada, Cambodia, Mexico, Ecuador, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Spain, China, and Haiti. Attempts at the repatriation of artifacts and remains that were seized from Miller are ongoing. References Amateur archaeologists 1923 births 2015 deaths

409081

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20political%20parties%20in%20Bolivia

List of political parties in Bolivia

This article lists political parties in Bolivia. Bolivia has a multi-party system, with numerous parties. Current parties Congressional parties The following parties and alliances are represented in the Plurinational Legislative Assembly: National parties Nine groups are registered with the Supreme Electoral Tribunal as political organizations of national scope. Of these, only one, the Social Democratic Movement, is a civic group; the remaining eight are all political parties. Subnational parties The following are some of the major parties registered with the Supreme Electoral Tribunal as subnational organizations within one of the nine Departments of Bolivia: Groups contesting local elections Assembly of the Guarani People - North Charagua (Asamblea del Pueblo Guaraní – Charagua Norte, APG–CHARAGUA) Change Charagua (Cambio Charagua, CACHA) Huanuni for All (Huanuni para Todos, HUANUNI) Regional Federation of Mining Cooperatives of Huanuni (Federación Regional de Cooperativas Mineras de Huanuni, FERCOMIN) Socialist Aymara Group (Grupo Aymara Socialista, GAS) Social Unity Uprising of September First (Levantamiento de Unidad Social Primero de Septiembre), Unified Trade Union Sub Federation of Peasant Workers of Ancoraimes - Tupak Katari (Subfederación Sindical Única de Trabajadores Campesinos de Ancoraimes Tupak Katari, SFSUTCA-TK) Yungas Cocalera Revolution (Revolución Cocalera Yungas, R-COCAY) Dissolved parties Parties that lost their registration in 2014 Movement Without Fear (Movimiento Sin Miedo, MSM) Parties that lost their registration in 2013 Popular Consensus (Consenso Popular, CP; accredited as a citizen grouping) Parties that lost their registration in 2009 Democratic and Social Power (Poder Democrático y Social, PDS) Parties that lost their registration in 2006 Free Bolivia Movement (Movimiento Bolivia Libre, MBL) Progress Plan (Plan Progreso, PP) Workers Social Union of Bolivia (Unión Social de Trabajadores de Bolivia, USTB) Indigenous Pachakuti Movement (Movimiento Indígena Pachakuti, MIP) Agrarian Patriotic Front of Bolivia (Frente Patriótico Agropecuario de Bolivia, FREPAB) Revolutionary Left Movement - New Majority (Movimiento Izquierda Revolucionaria – Nueva Mayoría, MIR-NM) New Republican Force (Nueva Fuerza Republicana, NFR) Parties that lost their registration in 2005 Patriotic Social Alliance (Alianza Social Patriótica, ASP) Institutional Vanguard Mariscal de Ayacucho (Vanguardia Institucional Mariscal de Ayacucho, VIMA) Bolivarian Movement (Movimiento Bolivariano, MOVIBOL) Parties that lost their registration in 2002–2003 Conscience of Fatherland - Patriotic Movement (Conciencia de Patria Movimiento Patriótico, CONDEPA-MP) Bolivian Socialist Falange (Falange Socialista Boliviana, FSB) Democratic National Katarism (Katarismo Nacional Democrático, KND) Freedom and Justice Party (Partido Libertad y Justicia, PLJ) Citizens' Movement for Change (Movimiento Ciudadano para el Cambio, MCC) Revolutionary Liberation Movement Tupaq Katari (Movimiento Revolucionario Tupaq Katari de Liberación, MRTKL) Communist Party of Bolivia (Partido Comunista de Bolivia, PCB) Young Force Party (Partido Fuerza Joven, PFJ) Socialist Party (Partido Socialista, PS) Revolutionary Vanguard 9th April (Vanguardia Revolucionaria 9 de Abril, VR-9) See also Lists of political parties Liberalism in Bolivia References Bolivia Political parties Political parties Bolivia

57355194

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honduras%E2%80%93Spain%20relations

Honduras–Spain relations

Honduras–Spain relations are the diplomatic relations between Honduras and Spain. Both nations are members of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language and the Organization of Ibero-American States. History Spanish colonization In September 1502, explorer Christopher Columbus arrived to northern Honduras on his fourth voyage to the Americas. In 1524, Spanish conquistador Gil González Dávila, on his way to Nicaragua, was set off course by a storm and landed in present-day Honduras. Upon arrival to the Honduran coast, in order to lighten the load of his ships so that he can arrive to land, he ordered several horses to be thrown overboard into the ocean and by that action, the newly established port was called Puerto de Caballos (Port of Horses). Gil González Dávila went on to found the first Spanish settlement in Honduras called San Gil de Buena Vista. Initial conquest of Honduras proved to be difficult as the native tribes in the territory overwhelmingly resisted the Spanish invasion. Impatient of the prolonged conquest of the territory, Spanish conquistador of the Aztecs in present-day Mexico, Hernán Cortés came to Honduras with an army to take control of the territory. It was not until 1539 that Spanish forces were able to take full control of the territory. The territory of Honduras soon officially became part of the Spanish Empire under the Viceroy of New Spain based in Mexico City and administered by the Captaincy General of Guatemala based in Santiago de Guatemala. Independence In 1808, Joseph Bonaparte was installed as King of Spain and several Spanish American colonies began to declare their independence from Spain. As Honduras and most Central American nations were governed by Mexico City; New Spain declared its independence from Spain in 1810. In 1821, the Plan of Iguala declared Mexico as a constitutional monarchy. Honduras declared its own independence from Spain on 15 September 1821 and chose to join the Mexican Empire under Emperor Agustín de Iturbide. In March 1823, Iturbide resigned as Emperor and Mexico became a republic. Honduras decided to separate from Mexico on 1 July 1823. Honduras, along with Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua formed the Federal Republic of Central America. In 1839 the Central American Federation dissolved and Honduras became an independent nation. Post-Independence On 17 November 1894, Honduras and Spain established diplomatic relations with the signing of a Treaty of Peace and Friendship. After independence a small community of Catalans immigrated to Honduras. In September 1977, King Juan Carlos I of Spain made his first and only official visit to Honduras. In June 2009, Honduran President Manuel Zelaya was removed by military forces and forced into exile. As a result of the coup d'état, Spain expelled the Honduran ambassador in Madrid who supported the removal of President Zelaya from power. Over the years, several thousands Hondurans have immigrated to Spain seeking better opportunities. The largest Honduran community in Spain (and in all of Europe) is located in the town of Girona, Catalonia province. Spanish prime minister Pedro Sánchez visited Honduras in August 2022, meeting with Honduran president Xiomara Castro. They vowed to deepen the economic and trade relations, also signing a memorandum of understanding pertaining the strengthening of cooperation in the healthcare sector. Bilateral relations Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on Dual-Nationality (1966); Agreement on Economic Cooperation (1972); Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1981); Agreement on Air Transportation (1992); Agreement on the reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments (1994); Agreement on Cultural, Educational and Scientific Cooperation (1994); Agreement on mutual Diplomatic Assistance (1995) and an Extradition Treaty (1999). Transportation There are direct flight between Madrid and San Pedro Sula with Air Europa. Trade In 2017, trade between Honduras and Spain totaled €158 million Euros. Honduras main exports to Spain include: fish, mussels, crustacean and coffee. Spain's main exports to Honduras include: raw materials, industrial products and material used for the mechanical and construction industry (mainly steel products) and the pharma-chemical industry. In 2016, Spanish investments in Honduras totaled €4.8 million Euros. Spanish multinational companies such as Mapfre and Zara operate in Honduras. Resident diplomatic missions Honduras has an embassy in Madrid and a consulate-general in Barcelona. Spain has an embassy in Tegucigalpa. See also Foreign relations of Honduras Foreign relations of Spain Honduran migration to Spain Spanish migration to Honduras References Spain Honduras Relations of colonizer and former colony

9589996

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Ward%20%28singer%29

Matthew Ward (singer)

Matthew Ward (born February 15, 1958) is one of the pioneers of the Jesus music genre, later to be called contemporary Christian music. He is best known as a member of the trio 2nd Chapter of Acts, in which he sang and performed with his sisters Annie Herring and Nellie (Ward) Greisen. During his musical career with the 2nd Chapter of Acts from 1973 to 1988, he also recorded solo albums. Early history Matthew's music and ministry was in no small part forged from personal family tragedy. In 1968 his mother, Elizabeth Ward, died of a brain tumor; two years later his father, Walter, died of leukemia leaving him and his sister, Nellie orphaned. The Ward siblings all decided that Matthew's older sister, Annie, and her new husband record producer Buck Herring should take in the two younger Ward siblings. Matthew's older sister, Annie was a self-styled (and self-taught) singer and song writer who wrote and played her songs around the family piano. Matthew and sister, Nelly would often join in as Annie played and eventually they developed extremely tight and intricate harmonies. As the trio gradually started singing for local coffee houses and small gatherings, they eventually gained the notice of Pat Boone who arranged a contract to record and release two singles with MGM, "Jesus Is" (1972), recorded on Matthew's 13th birthday, and "I'm So Happy" (1973). The fledgling trio also came to the attention of 1960s folk singer Barry McGuire, who had recently become a Christian and was preparing to record his first Christian music album, produced by Buck Herring. The siblings provided background vocals for Seeds and McGuire's 1974 follow-up Lighten Up. Ward and his sister Nellie were enrolled in the Hollywood Professional School in 1972, and he attended that school for two years. Recent history Following his career with the 2nd Chapter of Acts, Matthew Ward has recorded many more solo works and also works in the music industry as a background & jingle vocalist. He has worked with other such artists as Leslie Phillips, Donna Summer, LeAnn Rimes, Randy Stonehill, Sandi Patti, Dennis Jernigan, Jordin Sparks and many others. The book, My 2nd Chapter: The Matthew Ward Story was released in February 2005. The autobiography includes how Ward battled his own bout with cancer—and won. Matthew qualified as a Certified Nurse's Aide in 2013. Discography 2nd Chapter of Acts See 2nd Chapter of Acts Discography Solo recordings 1979: Toward Eternity (Sparrow) 1986: Armed & Dangerous (Live Oak) 1988: Fade To White (Live Oak) 1990: Fortress (Live Oak) 1992: Matthew Ward Collection (a.k.a. The Best of Matthew Ward) (Benson) 1992: Point of View (Benson) 1997: My Redeemer (Newport) 2000: Even Now (Discovery House) 2006: Christmas with Matthew Ward (independent) 2011: Easter Song – A New Arrangement (single – independent) Collaborations and guest appearances 1974: Come Together: A Musical Experience In Love various artists 1975: Growing Pains Jamie Owens (Light Records) 1976: Firewind: A Contemporary Dramatic Musical various artists 1976: Love Broke Thru Phil Keaggy (NewSong) (background vocals) 1978: First Class The Boones (Lamb & Lion) "I Love You More Than My Rock And Roll" 1980: So You Wanna Go Back to Egypt Keith Green (Sparrow) (background vocals) 1983: Ph'lip Side Phil Keaggy (Sparrow) (background vocals) 1983: She Works Hard for the Money Donna Summer (Mercury) "Love Has A Mind of Its Own" 1984: Dancing With Danger Leslie Phillips (Myrrh) "By My Spirit" 1986: Morning Like This Sandi Patti (Word) "Hosanna" (with sisters Annie Herring & Nelly Greisen, collectively as 2nd Chapter of Acts) 1986: Only the Overcomers Harvest (Benson) "Not By Sight" 1986: Greg X. Volz "The River is Rising", track: "Hold On to the Fire" 1987: Same Girl Twila Paris (Star Song) (background vocals) 1987: Voices various artists (Word) "Light of the World" 1987: Gorillas in the Mix Bernie Krause (Rykodisc) (keyboards, producer) 1989: Hosanna: 15 Songs Of Freedom The Maranatha Singers (Maranatha Music) 1989: It's the Thought Twila Paris (Star Song) 1989: Come and Worship (AM-001)Tape CD(AM-001CD) Various Artists (Alleluia! Music) Various Songs 1990: Handel's Young Messiah various artists (Word) "Comfort Ye" 1990: Your Love (AM-002)Tape CD(AM-002CD) Various Artists (Alleluia! Music) "Come into His Presence" & "When I See Your Smile" 1991: Flying Lessons Annie Herring (Sparrow) (background vocals) 1992: Master Pieces various artists (Benson) "The Warrior Is A Child" 1992: Generation 2 Generation various artists (Benson) "Who Do You Love The Best" with his daughter 1992: There's a Stirring Annie Herring (Sparrow) 1993: Completely Taken In Dallas Holm (Benson) (background vocals) 1994: God Is Able Ron Kenoly (Hosanna!) 1995: Sing Out with One Voice Ron Kenoly (Integrity) 1996: Celebrate Living Dennis Jernigan (Heartcry) "The Lord Is My Shepherd" 1996: Blue LeAnn Rimes (Curb) (background vocals) 1996: Glimpses Annie Herring (Chordant) (background vocals) 1998: First Love various artists (Exploration Films) "There is a Redeemer", "To The King" (and 2 with 2nd Chapter of Acts) 1998: Sittin' on Top of the World LeAnn Rimes (Curb) (background vocals) 1998: Wonder Annie Herring (Spring Hill) (background vocals) 1999: Choose This Day Promise Keepers (Maranatha) "To The King" 1999: LeAnn Rimes LeAnn Rimes (Curb) (background vocals) 1999: Praise 16: The Power of Your Love Maranatha Singers (Maranatha Music) "The Power of Your Love" 2000: Blue Moon Steve Holy (Curb) (background vocals) 2002: Celtic Cry: The Heart Of A Martyr various artists (Acts 26) "Hearts United" 2003: For Now Jordin Sparks 2004: Hands Lifted High Dennis Jernigan (Doxology) "When The Night Is Falling" with Dennis & Annie Herring 2009: A Timeless Christmas Israel & New Breed (Integrity) "Hark", "Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas" 2011: Luke: A World Turned Upside Down Michael Card "A World Turned Upside Down" 2011: Testimony 2 Neal Morse (background vocals) References American performers of Christian music 1958 births Living people Performers of contemporary Christian music People from North Dakota 2nd Chapter of Acts members

66719424

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejo%20Garza%20Tamez

Alejo Garza Tamez

Alejo Garza Tamez (1933 – 14 November 2010), better known as Don Alejo was a Mexican businessman, rancher, and recreational hunter. Don Alejo gained fame after making a last stand against the Los Zetas cartel, in defense of his ranch, near Ciudad Victoria, in Tamaulipas. Biography Alejo Garza Tamez was born in 1933 in Allende, Nuevo León, a town located around 50 kilometers south of Monterrey. Tamez spent most of his childhood in the wooded hills of Nuevo León. Alejo's father owned a sawmill and together with his brothers, helped his father harvest and sell lumber at their stores in Montemorelos and Allende. Alejo gained a positive reputation for working hard and being reliable. Many friends and relatives would state that "a promise from Don Alejo was as good as a contract." Alejo assisted members of his local community through the promotion of poultry farming as a replacement for nearby ailing orange plantations. Since childhood, Alejo was an enthusiastic hunter and fisherman, helping in the establishment of a hunting, fishing and shooting club in Allende. Alejo gained a reputation as a good marksman, and particularly specialized in hunting doves, geese and deer. Subsequently, he began to acquire a large collection of sporting rifles. Alejo, with the assistance of his brother, bought the "San José" ranch in Tamaulipas, located 15 kilometers from Ciudad Victoria. Ranch siege Members of the Los Zetas cartel demanded Alejo hand over his ranch property on the 13th of November 2010, giving him 24 hours to comply. Alejo, aged 77, refused to hand the property over. He rounded up the farm workers and ordered them to take the next day off. Alejo then took his firearms from his personal cellar and placed the weapons by his doors and windows, utilizing his large collection of hunting and sporting weapons. The following morning the cartel vehicles entered the ranch and were placed near the entrance to Alejo's house. The assassins fired a warning shot into the air, and proclaimed that they would forcefully seize the ranch. Garza Tamez responded with gunfire, and thus the armed gang responded by opening fire on the house, using rifles and grenades. Despite the numerical superiority of the cartel members, they were unable to take the ranch and fled before the arrival of Mexican Marines. Don Alejo took cover in the farm house, killing four of the attackers, while wounding two others. Mexican Navy units entered the property to find a deserted house partially destroyed by bullet holes and grenade explosions. They found six abandoned bodies on the outside of the farm, four dead and two unconscious. Inside the house they found only the body of Alejo Garza Tamez sustaining 2 bullet wounds, one in the chest and the other in the head. Upon inspection of the ranch house, it was revealed that guns and shell casings were found in all the windows and doors. It was understood that Alejo had designed his strategy to fight alone, placing weapons on all doors and windows. Upon inspection, it was determined that Tamez sustained serious injuries from grenade shrapnel and subsequently died before the arrival of the marines. Aftermath Initially, many local media institutions deferred publishing news of the siege, due to the administrative power of the Los Zetas cartel. However, the Milenio newspaper widely reported on the events, with the story quickly spreading throughout Mexican social media sites. Don Alejo quickly became a cultural icon for his efforts in defending himself against organised crime. Despite the significant media attention, no investigation into Alejo's murder has taken place, or any charges be issued against the Los Zetas cartel. However, Alejo remains a prominent cultural icon, with several news sites describing Alejo as "fighting with dignity, honour and courage". In popular culture Various Mexican musicians have composed corridos in remembrance of Alejo. American writer Don Winslow novelized Alejos stand in his book The Cartel (2015). Alejo is the subject of the independent film "Massacre in San Jose", by Mexican director Edgar Nito. In 2019, Italian Comics Publisher, Panini Cómics published a story "El Viejo y El Narco" (The Old Man and the Narco). References Mexican businesspeople 1933 births 2010 deaths Deaths by firearm in Mexico

13871642

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynoidae

Polynoidae

Polynoidae is a family of marine Polychaete worms known as "scale worms" due to the scale-like elytra on the dorsal surface. Almost 900 species are currently recognised belonging to 9 subfamilies and 167 genera. They are active hunters, but generally dwell in protected environments such as under stones. The group is widely distributed from shallow intertidal waters to hadal trenches. They are the most diverse group of polychaetes in terms of genus number and second most diverse in terms of species number which is almost 8% of all segmented worm species. Description Most Polynoidae species are short and flattened, but can reach as much as 20 cm in length and 10 cm width in Eulagisca gigantea and Eulagisca uschakovi. Individuals are usually covered almost entirely by elytra, which can be shed and regenerated in many species. The elytra of some species are faintly bioluminescent, and leave glowing traces around the mouthparts of their predators, making those predators more likely to be attacked in turn. Deep sea The first deep-sea species of Polynoidae was collected at 1230 m during the Challenger Expedition and a number of subfamilies appear to be restricted to the deep sea below 500 m. Species have colonised submarine caves and hydrothermal vents. Deep sea species are characterised by a partial or complete loss of antennae, fewer segments, a reduction in jaws and delicate elytra. Phylogenetic relationships The Polynoidae has been shown to be monophyletic, however relationships within the family are unclear and hence the number of valid subfamilies has been repeatedly revised in recent years. One of the main deep sea subfamilies, the Macellicephalinae has been consistently recovered as paraphyletic, and it has been proposed that ten Polynoid subfamilies could be synonymized with it to create a homogeneous clade characterised by a lack of lateral antennae. More recently, however, one of the synonymized subfamilies was reinstated. Genera The following Polynoidae genera are recognised as valid as of June 2020: Acanthicolepis Acholoe Admetella Adyte Alentia Alentiana Allmaniella Anotochaetonoe Antarctinoe Antinoe Antipathipolyeunoa Arcteobia Arctonoe Arctonoella Augenerilepidonotus Australaugeneria Australonoe Austrolaenilla Austropolaria Barrukia Bathyadmetella Bathybahamas Bathycanadia Bathycatalina Bathyedithia Bathyeliasona Bathyfauvelia Bathyhololepidella Bathykermadeca Bathykurila Bathylevensteina Bathymacella Bathymariana Bathymiranda Bathymoorea Bathynoe Bathynotalia Bathypolaria Bathytasmania Bathyvitiazia Bayerpolynoe Benhamipolynoe Benhamisetosus Branchinotogluma Branchiplicatus Branchipolynoe Bruunilla Brychionoe Bylgides Capitulatinoe Cervilia Chaetacanthus Dilepidonotus Diplaconotum Disconatis Drieschella Drieschiopsis Enipo Eucranta Eulagisca Eunoe Euphione Euphionella Eupolynoe Euphione Frennia Gastrolepidia Gattyana Gaudichaudius Gesiella Gorekia Gorgoniapolynoe Grubeopolynoe Halosydna Halosydnella Halosydnopsis Harmothoe Hartmania Hemilepidia Hermadion Hermadionella Hermenia Hermilepidonotus Hesperonoe Heteralentia Heteropolynoe Hololepida Hololepidella Hylosydna Hyperhalosydna Intoshella Kermadecella Lagisca Lepidametria Lepidasthenia Lepidastheniella Lepidofimbria Lepidogyra Lepidonopsis Lepidonotopodium Lepidonotus Leucia Levensteiniella Lobopelma Macellicephala Macellicephaloides Macelloides Malmgrenia Medioantenna Melaenis Minusculisquama Natopolynoe Neobylgides Neohololepidella Neolagisca Neopolynoe Nonparahalosydna Olgalepidonotus Ophthalmonoe Parabathynoe Paradyte Paragattyana Parahalosydna Parahalosydnopsis Parahololepidella Paralentia Paralepidonotus Paranychia Parapolyeunoa Pararctonoella Pareulagisca Peinaleopolynoe Pelagomacellicephala Perolepis Pettibonesia Phyllantinoe Phyllohartmania Phyllosheila Podarmus Polaruschakov Polyeunoa Polynoe Polynoella Polynoina Pottsiscalisetosus Pseudohalosydna Pseudopolynoe Robertianella Rullieriella Russellhanleya Scalisetosus Sheila Showapolynoe Showascalisetosus Subadyte Telodrieschia Telolepidasthenia Tenonia Thermopolynoe Thormora Tottonpolynoe Uncopolynoe Vampiropolynoe Verrucapelma Yodanoe Ysideria References Further information External links List of currently accepted Polynoidae species at the World Record of Marine Species An information system for polychaete families and higher taxa (Polikey) Phyllodocida Annelid families

50397830

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%20of%20Bernard%20Oliver

Murder of Bernard Oliver

Bernard Michael Oliver (1950 – January 1967) was a young British warehouse worker from Muswell Hill, North London. He disappeared on 6 January 1967, and his remains were found ten days later in the village of Tattingstone, Suffolk. His body had been cut into eight pieces and left in two suitcases. For this reason the crime is sometimes referred to as the Tattingstone Suitcase Murder. The case received widespread media attention, partly because police, unable to identify the body, took the unusual step of releasing a photograph of the victim's head to the media. The murder remains unsolved. Disappearance and murder On Friday, 6 January 1967, Oliver did not return home after spending the evening with friends, and was reported missing by his father the following morning. Several days later, on 16 January, farm worker Fred Burggy discovered human remains in two suitcases left behind a hedge in a field near the village of Tattingstone, Suffolk. It was believed that the murder had occurred around 48 hours before the discovery of the body. Post-mortem tests showed that Oliver had been sexually assaulted and strangled before his body was dismembered. Unable to determine the identity of the victim, police took the unusual step of releasing a photograph of the victim's head to the media. Oliver's family contacted the police after seeing the photograph. Investigation The police investigation was initially headed by Detective Superintendent Tom Tarling of East Suffolk Police, before being taken over by Detective Superintendent Harry Tappin of the Metropolitan Police. The location of the murder has never been identified, although police believed that the murder and dismemberment had taken place in Suffolk. Following the murder, witnesses reported sightings of Oliver in and around the Muswell Hill area in the time between his disappearance and the discovery of his body. In Tattingstone, a witness said she saw “a man, who was middle-aged and wearing a dark trilby and a long trench coat, walking in the direction of Tattingstone on the Harwich road, carrying a suitcase” on the night the suitcases were left. Several pieces of physical evidence were recovered. One of the two suitcases used to contain Oliver's remains bore the initials “P.V.A.”. The laundry mark “QL 42” was also found on a hand towel inside one of the two suitcases. A matchbox found in the pocket of Oliver's jacket was from a brand of matches marketed in Israel. The investigation was re-opened in 1977. In 2012, a man reported seeing two unattended suitcases and a man wearing medical gloves in the Ipswich docks area days before Oliver's body was discovered. The investigation was once again re-opened in 2017 when police appealed for any information concerning the murder. Suspects In 2004, documents released under the Freedom of Information Act 2000 revealed that the prime suspects in the murder were two medical doctors, Martin Reddington and John Byles. Martin Bruce Reddington (26 June 1931 – May 1995) had a surgery in Muswell Hill. In 1965 a warrant had been issued for Reddington's arrest on charges of buggery and indecent assault of males. However, before inquiries could be completed, he left the UK for South Africa. Reddington made a number of return visits to the UK, but no evidence has been found placing him in the vicinity of the murder. In 1977, a private investigator claimed to recognise the suitcase with the initials P.V.A. on its side as belonging to three men who used a laundrette in Muswell Hill, one of whom was Reddington. Reddington was never interviewed in connection with the offence, and it was decided there was insufficient evidence to extradite him from Australia. In 1977 Reddington was charged in Sydney with committing an indecent assault on a male. He died in May 1995, aged 63. John Roussel Byles (27 January 1933 – 19 January 1975) was acquitted along with another man in November 1963 of assaulting a 16-year-old male at their flat in Earl's Court, London. Byles left the UK for Australia in the early 1970s when inquiries began into the sexual abuse of boys aged between 9 and 14 in Huddersfield. On 17 December 1974, Byles was arrested in Sydney in relation to an alleged indecent assault on a boy, but absconded on $2,000 bail. His body was found in a room of the Prince of Wales Hotel in Proserpine, Queensland on 19 January 1975. He left two suicide notes, one addressed to Scotland Yard, the other to Reddington. The note to the police contained an apology for his actions, but no direct reference was made to the Tattingstone murder. Reddington and Byles are also said to have been suspects in the murder of a boy in London in 1973, following an apparent, homosexual relationship. At this time homosexuality was only legal between two consenting male adults aged 21 and above. Joe Meek (5 April 1929 – 3 February 1967) was a record producer and songwriter who ran a recording studio at 304 Holloway Road, Islington, in North London. Police in the Oliver investigation announced their intent to interview all of the homosexual men in London. This would have included Meek, following a 1963 conviction for “importuning for immoral purposes” in a public toilet. Some accounts claim that Meek was afraid of being questioned. It was rumoured that Oliver had worked as a tape-stacker in Meek's studio. On 3 February 1967, Meek killed himself after murdering his landlady, Violet Shenton. Reginald Kray (24 October 1933 – 1 October 2000) was a gangster from the East End of London, sentenced to life imprisonment along with his brother Ronald in 1969 for the murders of George Cornell and Jack McVitie. In September 2000, Kray confessed to a previously unknown murder while being interviewed for the BBC documentary Reggie Kray: The Final Word. A former cellmate of Kray's, Pete Gillett, claimed that Kray had also confessed the murder to him, and that the victim was “a young gay boy”. It has been suggested that this is a reference to Oliver's murder, although the confession is widely believed to relate to the disappearance of Edward “Mad Teddy” Smith in 1967. The Kray brothers were sent to Suffolk as evacuees during World War II, and bought a house at Bildeston – approximately from Tattingstone – in 1968. In popular culture The murder of Bernard Oliver forms part of the background to the 1998 novel The Long Firm, by Jake Arnott. See also List of solved missing person cases References External links 1960s missing person cases 1967 in England 1967 murders in the United Kingdom Deaths by strangulation Formerly missing people Incidents of violence against boys January 1967 events in the United Kingdom Male murder victims Missing person cases in England Unsolved murders in England Violence against men in the United Kingdom

6153138

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodianus

Bodianus

Bodianus or the hogfishes is a genus of fish in the family Labridae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. These species have many parasites. Species There are currently 45 recognized species in this genus: Bodianus albotaeniatus (Valenciennes, 1839) Bodianus anthioides (E. T. Bennett, 1832) (Lyre-tail hogfish) Bodianus atrolumbus (Valenciennes, 1839) (Pale-bar hogfish) Bodianus axillaris (E. T. Bennett, 1832) (Axil-spot hogfish) Bodianus bathycapros M. F. Gomon, 2006 Bodianus bennetti M. F. Gomon & F. M. Walsh, 2016 (Lemon-striped pygmy hogfish) Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacépède, 1801) (Tarry hogfish) Bodianus bimaculatus G. R. Allen, 1973 (Two-spot hogfish) Bodianus busellatus M. F. Gomon, 2006 Bodianus cylindriatus (S. Tanaka (I), 1930) Bodianus diana (Lacépède, 1801) (Diana's hogfish) Bodianus dictynna M. F. Gomon, 2006 (Red-fin hogfish) Bodianus diplotaenia (T. N. Gill, 1862) (Mexican hogfish) Bodianus eclancheri (Valenciennes, 1846) (Harlequin hogfish) Bodianus flavifrons M. F. Gomon, 2001 (Masked hogfish) Bodianus flavipinnis M. F. Gomon, 2001 (Yellow-fin hofish) Bodianus frenchii (Klunzinger, 1879) (Fox hogfish) Bodianus insularis M. F. Gomon & Lubbock, 1980 (Island hogfish) Bodianus izuensis Araga & Yoshino, 1975 (Striped hogfish) Bodianus leucosticticus (E. T. Bennett, 1832) (Lined hogfish) Bodianus loxozonus (Snyder, 1908) (Black-fin hogfish) Bodianus macrognathos (R. E. Morris, 1974) (Giant hogfish) Bodianus macrourus (Lacépède, 1801) (Black-banded hogfish) Bodianus masudai Araga & Yoshino, 1975 Bodianus mesothorax (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Split-level hogfish) Bodianus neilli (F. Day, 1867) (Bay of Bengal hogfish) Bodianus neopercularis M. F. Gomon, 2006 Bodianus opercularis (Guichenot, 1847) (Black-spot hogfish) Bodianus oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1862) Bodianus paraleucosticticus M. F. Gomon, 2006 Bodianus perditio (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) (Golden-spot hogfish) Bodianus prognathus Lobel, 1981 Bodianus pulchellus (Poey, 1860) (Spot-fin hogfish) Bodianus rubrisos M. F. Gomon, 2006 (Red-sashed hogfish) Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Spanish hogfish) Bodianus sanguineus (D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1903) (Sunrise hogfish) Bodianus scrofa (Valenciennes, 1839) (Barred hogfish) Bodianus sepiacaudus M. F. Gomon, 2006 (Crescent-tail hogfish) Bodianus solatus M. F. Gomon, 2006 Bodianus speciosus (S. Bowdich, 1825) (Black-bar hogfish) Bodianus tanyokidus M. F. Gomon & Madden, 1981 Bodianus thoracotaeniatus Yamamoto, 1982 Bodianus trilineatus (Fowler, 1934) (Four-line hogfish) Bodianus unimaculatus (Günther, 1862) (Red hogfish) Bodianus vulpinus (J. Richardson, 1850) (Western hogfish) References Extant Miocene first appearances Labridae Marine fish genera Taxa named by Marcus Elieser Bloch

72006362

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnie%20M.%20Mathan

Minnie M. Mathan

Minnie Mariam Mathan (née Thomas, born 1937) is a pathologist, a pioneer in India in gastrointestinal ultrastructure research and medical administrator. She pioneered studies in the pathogenesis of intestinal lesions in tropical sprue and of the rotavirus as an important cause of acute diarrhea in Indian children. Early life Mathan was inspired to study medicine and follow her father, a doctor, into surgery. Academics Mathan studied in the Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore and obtained an MBBS degree from the University of Madras. She had hoped to train further in surgery at the college, but her teachers dissuaded her. She instead switched to pathology work in the laboratory, while pursuing her post-graduate and doctoral degrees from Madras University. She obtained her Ph.D. in 1983. The relatively new electron microscope, with its exponentially larger magnification capabilities compared to light microscopy, had a profound impact on biological research. Access to the instrument in 1967 at CMC led Mathan to focus on ultrastructural pathology, a new field of research in India at the time. She worked on the gastrointestinal tract and the relationships between the structures and functions in it. In 1970, Mathan moved to Boston University to study with Professor Jerry Trier. She was the only woman among the 24 fellows in his department. She presented a paper at the American Gastroenterological Association's plenary session in 1971, the only female presenter that year. Career In 1971, Mathan returned to CMC Vellore and continued her research. She trained in campus at the Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory between 1977 and 1983. She became professor of pathology, and then the head of department of Gastrointestinal Sciences in 1993 and retired from that position in 1997. She was elected Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy in 1999 and elevated to Senior Scientist in 2005. She was granted CMC's first research chair in 1981. Her husband Professor Vadakenadayil Ittyerah Mathan is also an accomplished gastroenterologist and academician. Accomplishments Mathan's ultrastructure gastrointestinal studies, combined with her use of in vitro organ cultures and immunological studies, resulted in an explanation for development of intestinal lesions in tropical sprue. The paper she published on the subject in the medical journal, Gastroenterology, went on to be adjudged the best biomedical sciences paper from India between 1972 and 1976. The rotavirus was discovered in 1973. In 1975, the electron microscopist Ian Holmes who was visiting India, taught Mathan how to recognize the virus. Mathan's research on the subject led to identifying it as a major cause of acute diarrhea among children in India. She was appointed to the World Health Organization's Steering Group on viral diarrhea, contributing to its bulletin on Rotavirus and other viral diarrheas in 1980. Mathan collaborated with clinicians to prove that endotoxin-induced vascular lesion in the intestinal lamina propria determines how severe acute diarrhea, including cholera, can be for a patient. Mathan was a consultant at the International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, consultant in electronmicroscopy to the Indian Council of Medical Research and an INSA Senior Scientist. Awards Hoechst Om Prakash Award (1977) Boots Gastroenterology Award (1988) Fellow, National Academy of Medical Sciences (1993) Founder Fellow of the Indian College of Pathologists (1993) Kshanica Oration Award by ICMR (1995) Amruth Mody Unichem Prize (1996) Parke-Davis Oration Award by Indian Society of Gastroenterology (1996) Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists, UK (1996) Basanthi Devi Amirchand Award (1997) Ranbaxy Science Foundation Award (1997) Publications Select Journal Articles P P Maiya, S M Pereira, M M Mathan, P Bhat, M J Albert, S J Baker (1977). Aetiology of acute gastroenteritis in infancy and early childhood in southern India. Archives of Disease in Childhood 52: 482–5. C K Paniker, S Mathew, R Dharmarajan, M M Mathan, V I Mathan (1977). Epidemic gastroenteritis in children associated with rotavirus infection. Indian Journal of Medical Research 66:525-9. M M Mathan, V I Mathan (1991). Morphology of Rectal Mucosa of Patients with Shigellosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 13. doi: 10.1093/CLINIDS/13.SUPPLEMENT 4.S314. S Shah, V Thomas, M M Mathan, A Chacko, G Chandy, B S Ramakrishna, D K Rolston (1992). Colonoscopic study of 50 patients with colonic tuberculosis. Gut 33(3): 347–351. doi: 10.1136/GUT.33.3.347. G Kang, M Mathew, D P Rajan, J D Daniel, M M Mathan, V I Mathan, J P Muliyil (1998). Prevalence of intestinal parasites in rural Southern Indians. Tropical Medicine & International Health 3(1):70-75. doi: 10.1046/J.1365-3156.1998.00175.X. A B Pulimood, B S Ramakrishna, G Kurian, S Peter, S Patra, V I Mathan, M M Mathan (1999). Endoscopic mucosal biopsies are useful in distinguishing granulomatous colitis due to Crohn's disease from tuberculosis. Gut 45(4):537-541. doi: 10.1136/GUT.45.4.537. M S Ahmad, S Krishnan, B S Ramakrishna, M M Mathan, A B Pulimood, S Murthy (2000). Butyrate and glucose metabolism by colonocytes in experimental colitis in mice. Gut 46(4): 493–499. doi: 10.1136/GUT.46.4.493. References 1937 births Living people Women pathologists Indian scientists Indian pathologists 20th-century Indian women scientists Scientists from Tamil Nadu University of Madras alumni

63015453

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil%20Twin%20%28song%29

Evil Twin (song)

"Evil Twin" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Meghan Trainor for her third major-label studio album Treat Myself (2020). It was written by Trainor, Joshua Kear, Ethan Snoreck and Tyler Johnson, and produced by Johnson and Andrew Wells. The track was released on December 13, 2019, as the third promotional single from the album. Backed by electropop production, the '60s-inspired song has lyrics about the wild side of Trainor, that makes bad decisions on her part. "Evil Twin" received critical acclaim upon release, with some critics highlighting it as a standout track on Treat Myself and praising its bold lyrics and disco-influenced production. Background On February 7, 2018, Meghan Trainor tweeted that her new favorite song on her upcoming third major-label studio album was "Evil Twin". The next day, she described the track in an interview with Entertainment Tonight by saying "why did I say that? That is my evil twin, that wasn't me! I am innocent!" According to her, it is about "all those things [people] think about to [themselves]", and everyone has an "evil twin" in them. Trainor delayed the August 2018-scheduled album, Treat Myself, to January 25, 2019, because she wanted to add more songs to it, though it was not released on that date either. She confirmed the upcoming release of "Evil Twin", on Twitter, on December 9, 2019. Trainor revealed the single artwork and wrote, "You've waited long enough.. #EVILTWIN comes out Friday 😎 listen for my entire family on the backgrounds!" The song was released as a promotional single on December 13. The artwork features side-by-side photographs of Trainor. Billboard described them as "fierce" and "terrified", and ABC News Radio called them "sassy" and "scared". Trainor stated in a January 2020 interview that Treat Myself will be an attempt to make a pop record that feels relevant in an era when hip-hop reigns, adding that she had written four albums worth of material trying to adapt to new trends in the music industry. On January 22, she unveiled the tracklist for the album, which included "Evil Twin" as the 11th track on it. Thus, it made the final cut for Treat Myself. Composition "Evil Twin" was written by Trainor, Joshua Kear, Ethan Snoreck and Tyler Johnson, and produced by Johnson and Andrew Wells. Trainor's family members are featured on backing vocals. Hannah Mylrea of NME described the song as "a cloying cut of electronic pop that sees Trainor try to distance herself from the sides of her that she doesn't like, blaming her indiscretions on her evil twin". Pitchfork Dani Blum called the song "an apology from Trainor for the 'crazy bitch' side of her, which makes her 'make my bad decisions, but I'm innocent. Lyrically, Trainor "apologizes for — and embraces — her wild side, or her 'evil twin, according to Rolling Stone Claire Shaffer. Mark Kennedy of the Associated Press described "Evil Twin" as a 60s-inspired tune". Critical reception Libby Schilz of The Daily Nebraskan wrote, Evil Twin' is a perfect example of [Trainor's] boldness, as she sheds light on her insecurities about bad decisions to the point of personifying them", and said Trainor "puts a humorous spin on these insecurities while showing her annoyance for her inability to overcome them". E!'s Billy Nilles described the song as a "delightfully disco-influenced pop bop", and Forbes contributor Lauren Alvarez wrote, Evil Twin' is the most reminiscent of her previous songs, and explores the side of herself that doesn't make the brightest decisions. It's definitely a must-listen to song from the LP!" Idolator's Mike Nied called the song a "candy-coated bop the likes of which no one does quite like Meghan". In his review of Treat Myself, he wrote: The rollicking bop introduces us to her 'crazy bitch' alter ego after a wild night filled with regrets. However, it is an outlier on the tracklist for me. In that the track is a little too twee for my taste. That being said, there's no denying the performance she delivers over the breezy beats. Jenesaispop's Jordi Bardají recommended "Evil Twin" as one of Treat Myself standout tracks. Stereogums Chris DeVille included the song in his "Pop Five" of the "2020 State of Pop Address", and Courtney E. Smith of Refinery29 included "Evil Twin" in her list of "top songs of Winter 2020 so far". Personnel Credits adapted from the album liner notes, Treat Myself (2020). Ethan Snoreck – composer, drums, engineer, synthesizer Josh Kear – composer, background vocals Tyler Johnson – composer, producer, drums, background vocals Anders Mouridsen – electric guitar Maurice Ellis – bass Bo Bodnar – engineer, background vocals Brendan Dekora – engineer Drew Taubenfeld – guitar Serban Ghenea – mixing engineer Dan Higgins – saxophone Meghan Trainor – composer, lead vocals, background vocals Andrew Wells – producer, bass, drums, engineer, guitar, recording engineer, synthesizer Ron Schaer – trumpet Christopher Lynch – background vocals Daryl Sabara – background vocals Gary Trainor – background vocals Justin Trainor – background vocals Kelli Trainor – background vocals Ryan Trainor – background vocals Sam Berger – background vocals References External links 2019 singles 2019 songs Electropop songs Meghan Trainor songs Songs written by Josh Kear Songs written by Meghan Trainor Songs written by Tyler Johnson (musician)

46495723

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock%20%27Em%20Down

Knock 'Em Down

"Knock 'Em Down" is the twentieth episode of the sixth season of the American sitcom Modern Family, and the series' 140th episode overall. It originally aired on April 22, 2015. The episode was written by Rick Wiener & Kenny Schwartz, and directed by Beth McCarthy Miller. In the episode, Jay joins Cameron's bowling team to replace an injured player, not knowing that he will have to be (act) gay to play in this league. Mitchell and Gloria want to prove that they are not old, so they accept Haley's offer to go clubbing all night. Phil and Claire finally come closer to their new neighbors, Ronnie and Amber, over a sculpture that they all dislike, helping them discover other things they have in common. "Knock 'Em Down" received positive reviews from the critics. Plot Phil (Ty Burrell) tries to sell a house but the buyers take back their offer when they see a pornographic sculpture decorating a neighbor's home. Phil finds out that surprisingly Ronnie (Steve Zahn) and Amber (Andrea Anders) hate the statue too and when they ask him and Claire (Julie Bowen) to join them at a restaurant for dinner they accept the offer. During the dinner, Claire and Phil discover that they share a lot of common things with the LaFontaine couple and on their way home, Ronnie, Claire and Amber decide to destroy the sculpture. Phil, who is the only one who objects, actually becomes responsible for destroying it after accidentally crashing into it with Ronnie's car. As a cop walks by wanting to check about the sculpture, Phil recognizes him as one of his clients and lets him believe that the four of them were just eating and had nothing to do with the accident. Jay (Ed O'Neill) accepts to join Cameron's (Eric Stonestreet) bowling team for the night to replace an injured friend. However, since you have to be gay to be on the team and be able to participate, Cameron told everyone that Jay is gay except from Jay himself, at least not until they get there. As Cameron's rival Martin (Oliver Platt) tells Cameron that Jay is straight, Cameron lets him believe that Jay is only acting weird because he is attracted to him. Cameron's team wins the game with Jay's help but when Martin nervously approaches Jay and asks him out, Jay's conscience lets him do the right thing and he softly admits to Martin that he is actually heterosexual. This ultimately disqualifies Cameron's team, allowing Martin's team to win and get the trophy. In the meantime, Haley (Sarah Hyland) invites Mitchell (Jesse Tyler Ferguson) and Gloria (Sofia Vergara) to go clubbing with her one night and the two of them accept wanting to prove Jay and Cameron that they can still have fun and stay up all night. Whilst the night begins well, as the time passes, both Mitchell and Gloria fall asleep, realizing that they are no longer as young as they were and Cameron was right that they were unable to stay up to go clubbing. Haley wakes them up and they convince themselves to try again and they join Haley, only to give up and change their opinion mere moments later, admitting that they are too old for clubbing. At the end of the episode, Alex (Ariel Winter) sees her parents talking with the LaFontaines and tells Luke (Nolan Gould) that art is the best way to connect people. When she learns that he was actually trying to draw the sculpture, she advises him not to speak to her again, and Luke labels her a hypocrite. Reception Ratings In its original American broadcast, "Knock 'Em Down" was watched by 8.85; down by 0.58 from the previous episode. Reviews "Knock 'Em Down" received positive reviews from the critics. Gwen Ihnat of The A.V. Club awarded the episode a B grade, saying "Modern Family so often starts with the standard sitcom trope, but the show really excels when it rises above the norm and takes a different turn. This happens in two out of three of the shuffled-character plots in this episode". Despite being critical of the Haley-Gloria-Mitchell subplot, Ihnat did however praise Sarah Hyland's performance, stating "Sarah Hyland, as usual, does her game best, offering them the cocktails of their relative peoples, mojitos and cosmos, and suggesting that they go dancing in the daytime instead." Ashley Bissette Sumerel of TV Fanatic also praised the episode, rating it with 4.2/5. Sumerel heavily praised the Cameron and Jay plot, saying "These are my favorite kinds of stories for Jay. I love seeing him break out of his comfort zone, especially as he becomes more and more open-minded". Sumerel also praised the Haley-Gloria-Mitchell subplot and Haley's characterization, saying "It says something about the close relationship she has with all of them that they can share these experiences, and it may also be another way we can define this family as a "modern" one". Lisa Fernandes of Next Projection also enjoyed the episode, rating it with 8.1/10. Fernandes praised the Jay and Cameron storyline, saying "Most of the best chunks of the storyline come from Oliver Platt’s appearance as Cam’s latest rival, where he manages to wring a deadpan acerbicness from his rotely written character". Fernandes also praised Julie Bowen's performance, by saying "Julie Bowen’s funny, elastic performance is the best one here, though Steve Zahn continues to apply a cool sense of reserve to his every appearance as the LaFontaine paterfamilias". References External links "Knock 'Em Down" at ABC.com 2015 American television episodes Modern Family (season 6) episodes Television shows directed by Beth McCarthy-Miller

1360343

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing%20Joke%20%281980%20album%29

Killing Joke (1980 album)

Killing Joke is the debut studio album by English post-punk band Killing Joke, released in October 1980 by E.G. via Polydor Records. It debuted at number 41 on the UK Albums Chart on 25 October 1980 and later peaked at number 39. Background and recording Singer and keyboardist Jaz Coleman met drummer Paul Ferguson in late 1978. In February 1979, they put an announcement in Melody Maker with the words: "Bass, lead, to tell the killing joke, we mean it man ! Total exploitation, no information, anonymity". They soon recruited guitarist Geordie Walker and then bassist Youth. After releasing a few singles, they recorded Killing Joke in August 1980 at Marquee Studios in London, shortly after a small tour promoting the Almost Red EP. The album was self-produced by the band on purpose. They only wanted an engineer "who can put their technical knowledge into what we want, the way we want it. He's got to take us as we are". They recorded it live in the studio as "basic" as possible with "no overdubs to speak of"; Ferguson explained, "The mixing is where the difference is". Engineer Phil Harding reckons the recording of the album might have only taken two weeks. The album's lyrics were written by Coleman and Ferguson expressing their opinions on issues such as politics, death, hypocrisy, human nature, pollution and exile. The artwork was based on a photograph by Don McCullin of young rioters trying to escape from clouds of CS gas released by the British Army in Derry, Northern Ireland, on 8 July 1971 during the Troubles. The original picture was taken a few months before the day now known as Bloody Sunday that took place in the same town in early 1972. Release Killing Joke was released in October 1980 by E.G. Records, who were distributed at the time by Polydor Records. It entered the UK Albums Chart on 25 October 1980, and eventually reached number 39. The album produced two singles: "Wardance" and "Requiem". The 2005 and 2008 reissues of Killing Joke featured several bonus tracks, such as previously released B-sides and demo tracks. as it was in the original US release. Reception In his retrospective review, Bradley Torreano of AllMusic praised the album, writing, "Since 1980, there have been a hundred bands who sound like this, but before Steve Albini and Al Jourgensen made it hip, the cold metallic throb of Killing Joke was exciting and fresh", calling it an "underground classic" that "deserves better than its relative unknown status". In the band's biography it was called an "outstanding debut album which captured not only their defining sound, but also the chilling apocalyptic anguish about the world to come." Sputnikmusic called it a "post-punk masterpiece of tribal funk-rock and grinding heavy metal with suitably doom-mongering lyrics and splenetic vocals". In 2019, Pitchfork placed the album at No. 9 on their "33 Best Industrial Albums of All Time" list. Legacy The album has been called "an underground classic" for fans of "heavy music". Dave Grohl has cited it as one of his favorite albums. "The Wait" was covered by Metallica on The $5.98 E.P. - Garage Days Re-Revisited EP in 1987 and was later featured on Garage Inc. "Primitive" was covered by Helmet in 1993 as the A-side to their "Primitive" single, and later added to their Born Annoying compilation album. "Requiem" was covered by Foo Fighters in 1997 as a B-side to the "Everlong" single. Japanese band The Mad Capsule Markets covered "Wardance" on their 2001 album "010". Scar the Martyr covered "Complications" as a bonus track on the Japanese and deluxe editions of their 2013 self-titled "Scar the Martyr" album. The album was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Track listing Personnel Killing Joke Jaz Coleman – lead vocals, synthesizer, production Kevin "Geordie" Walker – guitar, production Martin "Youth" Glover – bass guitar, production Paul Ferguson – drums, backing vocals, production Technical Phil Harding - recording engineer, mixing (uncredited) Mike Coles - sleeve design (uncredited) Don McCullin - photography (uncredited) Charts References External links Killing Joke (Adobe Flash) at Radio3Net (streamed copy where licensed) 1980 debut albums Killing Joke albums E.G. Records albums

46298620

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%20Asturian%20regional%20election

1995 Asturian regional election

The 1995 Asturian regional election was held on Sunday, 28 May 1995, to elect the 4th General Junta of the Principality of Asturias. All 45 seats in the General Junta were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain. The election was won by the People's Party (PP) under Sergio Marqués, which became the most-voted party in the region for the first and, to date, only time. The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) vote suffered from the population weariness after 12 years of Socialist governments, the economic crisis and the eruption of numerous scandals both at the regional and the national level (one such scandal had forced the resignation of President Juan Luis Rodríguez-Vigil in 1993). United Left (IU) scored a record result despite failing to win any new seats, while the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) was expelled from the regional legislature. Overview Electoral system The General Junta of the Principality of Asturias was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Asturias, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Asturian Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president. Voting for the General Junta was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Asturias and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The 45 members of the General Junta of the Principality of Asturias were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, which were established by law as follows: Central District, comprising the municipalities of Aller, Avilés, Bimenes, Carreño, Caso, Castrillón, Corvera de Asturias, Gijón, Gozón, Illas, Las Regueras, Langreo, Laviana, Lena, Llanera, Mieres, Morcín, Noreña, Oviedo, Proaza, Quirós, Ribera de Arriba, Riosa, San Martín del Rey Aurelio, Santo Adriano, Sariego, Siero, Sobrescobio and Soto del Barco. Eastern District, comprising the municipalities of Amieva, Cabrales, Cabranes, Cangas de Onís, Caravia, Colunga, Llanes, Nava, Onís, Parres, Peñamellera Alta, Peñamellera Baja, Piloña, Ponga, Ribadedeva, Ribadesella and Villaviciosa. Western District, comprising the municipalities of Allande, Belmonte de Miranda, Boal, Candamo, Cangas del Narcea, Castropol, Coaña, Cudillero, Degaña, El Franco, Grado, Grandas de Salime, Ibias, Illano, Muros de Nalón, Navia, Pesoz, Pravia, Salas, San Martín de Oscos, Santa Eulalia de Oscos, San Tirso de Abres, Somiedo, Tapia de Casariego, Taramundi, Teverga, Tineo, Valdés, Vegadeo, Villanueva de Oscos, Villayón and Yernes y Tameza. Each constituency was allocated an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 39 being distributed in proportion to their populations. The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude. The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Election date The term of the General Junta of the Principality of Asturias expired four years after the date of its previous election. Elections to the General Junta were fixed for the fourth Sunday of May every four years. The previous election was held on 26 May 1991, setting the election date for the General Junta on Sunday, 28 May 1995. The General Junta could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament except in the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot. In such a case, the General Junta was to be automatically dissolved and a snap election called, with elected deputies merely serving out what remained of their four-year terms. Opinion polls The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 23 seats were required for an absolute majority in the General Junta of the Principality of Asturias. Results Overall Distribution by constituency Aftermath Government formation 1999 motion of no confidence Notes References Opinion poll sources Other 1995 in Asturias Asturias Regional elections in Asturias May 1995 events in Europe

60189015

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto%20Chevalier

Roberto Chevalier

Roberto Chevalier Di Miceli (born 14 May 1952) is an Italian actor and voice actor who is best known for providing the Italian voice of Tom Cruise in most of his movies. Biography Born in Rome, Chevalier entered his profession as a child actor in the late 1950s and he made his debut acting appearance in the 1958 film Young Husbands. He continued acting as an adult as he began accepting minor or recurring roles on television by the beginning of the 21st century. Chevalier is best known as a voice actor. He is the official Italian voice of Tom Cruise and has dubbed him in most of his work such as Top Gun and the Mission: Impossible franchise (excluding the third film as Cruise is dubbed by Riccardo Rossi). He is also a regular dub actor of Tom Hanks, Andy García, Dennis Quaid, as well as Owen Wilson in his earlier movies. In his animated roles, he voiced Lucky in the Italian version of One Hundred and One Dalmatians early in his dubbing career. Personal life Chevalier is the father of voice actor David Chevalier. Filmography Cinema Young Husbands (1958) The Naked Maja (1958) My Wife's Enemy (1959) Rapina al quartiere Ovest (1960) The Vengeance of Ursus (1961) Pulcinella cetrulo d'Acerra (1961) Scandali al mare (1961) I terribili 7 (1963) A Girl Called Jules (1970) Una prostituta al servizio del pubblico e in regola con le leggi dello stato (1970) Amore mio, non-farmi male (1974) Son tornate a fiorire le rose (1975) For Love of Cesarina (1976) Television Il giornalino di Gian Burrasca (1964) The Wings of Life (2000) Padre Pio: Miracle Man (2000) Non lasciamoci più (2001) Distretto di Polizia (2002) Un medico in famiglia (2004) Raccontami (2006 - 2008) Il confine (2018) Dubbing roles Animation Lucky in One Hundred and One Dalmatians Bambi in Bambi (1968 redub) Tony Belinksy in American Pop Live action Pete "Maverick" Mitchell in Top Gun Charlie Babbitt in Rain Man Ron Kovic in Born on the Fourth of July Cole Trickle in Days of Thunder Lestat de Lioncourt in Interview with the Vampire Daniel Kaffee in A Few Good Men Ethan Hunt in Mission: Impossible Ethan Hunt in Mission: Impossible II Ethan Hunt in Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol Ethan Hunt in Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation Ethan Hunt in Mission: Impossible – Fallout Frank T.J. Mackey in Magnolia David Aames in Vanilla Sky Jerry Maguire in Jerry Maguire Joseph Donnelly in Far and Away Mitch McDeere in The Firm John Anderton in Minority Report Tom Cruise in Austin Powers in Goldmember Nathan Algren in The Last Samurai Vincent in Collateral Jasper Irving in Lions for Lambs Les Grossman in Tropic Thunder Claus von Stauffenberg in Valkyrie Roy Miller in Knight and Day Stacee Jaxx in Rock of Ages Jack Reacher in Jack Reacher Jack Reacher in Jack Reacher: Never Go Back Jack Harper in Oblivion William Cage in Edge of Tomorrow Nick Morton in The Mummy Barry Seal in American Made Robert Langdon in The Da Vinci Code Robert Langdon in Angels & Demons Robert Langdon in Inferno Andrew Beckett in Philadelphia Lawrence Bourne III in Volunteers Larry Crowne in Larry Crowne Vincent Corleone in The Godfather Part III Hal Wilkerson in Malcolm in the Middle John Bubber in Hero Sean Casey in Night Falls on Manhattan Frank Conner in Desperate Measures Vincenzo Roccara Squarcialupi Brancaleon in The Pink Panther 2 Eddie Sanger in Suspect Tuck Pendleton in Innerspace Dexter Cornell in DOA Ian Malcolm in Jurassic Park Dave McFly in Back to the Future Billy Bones in Muppet Treasure Island Jean Girard in Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby Dignan in Bottle Rocket Robin's Date in The Cable Guy Simon Bishop in As Good as It Gets References External links 1952 births Living people Male actors from Rome Italian male voice actors Italian male film actors Italian male television actors Italian male child actors Italian voice directors 20th-century Italian male actors 21st-century Italian male actors

7045109

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo%20Minotti

Lorenzo Minotti

Lorenzo Minotti (; born 8 February 1967) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a defender. Throughout his club career, he played for Italian sides Cesena, Parma, Cagliari, Torino, and Treviso; he is mostly remembered for his successful stint with Parma, where he won several domestic and international titles as the club's captain. At international level, he represented Italy on eight occasions between 1994 and 1995, and was a non-playing member of the team that reached the 1994 FIFA World Cup Final. Personal life Born in Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, in 1967, Minotti later grew up in San Giorgio, where he began to play football as a youth in the town's polisportiva, also competing in judo and athletics. He later joined the Cesena Youth squad at the age of 8, later making his professional debut with the senior side. Minotti and his wife Debora have two children: Alex, who plays football for the Bologna youth side, and Andrea. Club career Minotti started his professional career his in 1985 with his hometown club Cesena in Serie B, at the age of 18, and he subsequently played in Serie A with Parma (1987–1996) for most of his career, followed by spells with Cagliari (1996–97), Torino (1997–2000), and Treviso (2000–2001). In total, he played 201 matches and scored 19 goals in Serie A, and during his successful time with Parma under manager Nevio Scala, he won two Coppa Italia titles, one UEFA Cup, an UEFA Super Cup, and one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1993, also receiving Runners-up medals in the 1995 Supercoppa Italiana, and the 1996–97 Serie A. The victorious 1993 European Cup Winners' Cup Final game over Royal Antwerp F.C. was played at the Wembley Stadium, and Minotti opened the scoring with a notable volley as the Italians went on to win 3–1. Minotti is regarded as one of the best players in Parma's history, and he served as the club's captain for many years. International career Minotti won 8 caps for the Italy national football team between 1994 and 1995. He received his first international call-up for Italy's match against Switzerland on 14 October 1992, although he only made his first appearance for Italy on 16 February 1994, in a 1–0 home defeat to France. He was also chosen by manager Arrigo Sacchi for Italy's roster at the 1994 FIFA World Cup, without playing any games in the final tournament, as Italy reached the 1994 FIFA World Cup final. Style of play A fast, powerful, modern, and tactically versatile left-footed defender, Minotti was capable of playing anywhere along the defensive line, both as a centre-back, or on occasion as a full-back, although his main role was that of a sweeper. A correct, consistent, hard-working, and intelligent player, he was known for his marking and the timing of his challenges, as well as his leadership, and his ability to read the game, which made him an important member of Parma's starting line-up in the 90s, leading him to become the club's captain and to be called up for the Italy national side. Minotti was also known for his excellent ability in the air and for his adeptness at making attacking runs, which allowed him to contribute to his team's offensive play with several goals throughout his career, despite being a defender; a powerful and accurate striker of the ball, he was also capable of scoring from volleys and curling free-kicks. Post-playing career After retiring from football, he became team manager of his former club Parma from 2002 to 2004. He then became director of football of Cesena from 2007 to 2009, and again from June 2010 to May 2012. In 2015, he worked as a football commentator for Sky Italia. Later that year, he was named the head of the technical sector of Parma, following the club's relegation to Serie D due to bankruptcy. Honours Club Parma Coppa Italia: 1991–92 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1992–93 UEFA Super Cup: 1993 UEFA Cup: 1994–95 International Italy FIFA World Cup: Runner-up 1994 References 1967 births Living people Footballers from Cesena Italian men's footballers Italy men's international footballers Men's association football defenders AC Cesena players Parma Calcio 1913 players Cagliari Calcio players Torino FC players Treviso FBC 1993 players Serie A players Serie B players 1994 FIFA World Cup players UEFA Cup winning players

29319410

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BigBlueButton

BigBlueButton

BigBlueButton is a virtual classroom software program designed for online education. Accessed through a variety of Learning Management Systems, the application provides engagement tools and analytics for educators to interact with their students remotely. It is open source, except for some versions of its database software. History The project was started at Carleton University in 2007 by the Technology Innovation Management program. The first version was written by Richard Alam (it was initially called the Blindside project) under the supervision of Tony Bailetti. BigBlueButton is an affiliate member of the Open Source Initiative. The BigBlueButton name comes from the initial concept that starting a web conference should be as simple as pressing a metaphorical big blue button. In 2009 Richard Alam, Denis Zgonjanin, and Fred Dixon uploaded the BigBlueButton source code to Google Code and formed Blindside Networks, a company pursuing the traditional open source business model of providing paid support and services to the BigBlueButton community. In 2010 the core developers added a whiteboard for annotating the uploaded presentation. Jeremy Thomerson added an application programming interface (API) which the BigBlueButton community subsequently used to integrate with Sakai, WordPress, Moodle 1.9, Moodle 2.0, Joomla, Redmine, Drupal, Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware, Foswiki, and LAMS. Google accepted BigBlueButton into the 2010 Google Summer of Code program. To encourage contributions from others, the core developers moved the source code from Google Code to GitHub. The project indicated its intent to create an independent, not-for-profit BigBlueButton Foundation to oversee future development. In 2011, the core developers announced they were adding record and playback capabilities to BigBlueButton 0.80. In 2020, the project released BigBlueButton 2.2, a full rewrite of the client and server to support HTML5. In March 2020, BigBlueButton 2.2 was awarded by the President of the ENTD, Pasquale Aiello, as the best web conferencing system and used in the project UNIOPEN approved by the European Commission for Digital Skills and Job Coalition action plan. In 2021, version 2.3 was released. BigBlueButton continued to depend on MongoDB, which became proprietary in version 3.6 and later, released in 2018. BigBlueButton 2.3 is the first which recommends using a proprietary MongoDB version, but remains compatible with the free software 3.4 MongoDB. In 2022, BigBlueButton was directly embedded into the Moodle 4.0 core, the largest Learning Management System. It also released two new updates that included BigBlueButton 2.4 in January, and BigBlueButton 2.5 in late September. BigBlueButton continues to be used by organizations including the Ministry of National Education (France), the Air Education and Training Command, not-for-profits such as School on Wheels, and schools throughout the world for remote learning and teaching. Features BigBlueButton provides educators with a variety of tools for management, relationships, engagement and assessment. Educators can share audio, webcams, slide, and screen sharing between themselves and their students. It allows the educators to use multi-user whiteboards (meaning students can use it simultaneously), breakout rooms, chat (public and private), polling, shared notes, random user selector, and emojis. Version 2.4 provides instructors with a live dashboard of student attendance, engagement, and learning, based on responses to polls. The analytics tools track presence, participation and learning rates of the students. BigBlueButton 2.5 provides further enhancements to its feature-set such as its breakout room (message broadcasting, ease of set-up and modification), whiteboard (anti social-conformity measures that hide students' mouse cursors so they have more agency in their responses), polling (allowing for multiple responses) and more. Architecture As a web page application, BigBlueButton front end uses React and the back end uses MongoDB and Node.js. It also uses Redis to maintain an internal list of its meetings, attendees, and any other relevant information. As of version 2.5, the server runs on Ubuntu 20.04 64-bit and can be installed either from packages or an install script. Adoption among non-profits In 2020, BigBlueButton has been adopted by many FLOSS focused non-profits including Wikimedia Australia, Constant vzw and new FLOSS focused coops like Catalan's The Online Meeting Cooperative. In France it is recommended since May 2020 by the Digital Interministry Direction defining the state's information and communication systems. Third-party integrations Canvas (Learning management system) Chamilo (Learning management system) DoceboLMS (SaaS/cloud learning management system) Drupal (Content management system) ILIAS (Learning management system) Moodle (Learning management system) Mattermost (Web-based chat service) Nextcloud (Open source cloud solution) OpenOLAT (Learning management system) Sakai Project (Learning management system) Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware (Content management system) Qwerteach (Saas / Tutoring platform) WordPress (Content management system) KampüsProject (Learning management system) CollaboratorLMS (Learning management system) Smartschool (Web-based school platform) See also Collaborative software Web conferencing Comparison of web conferencing software Wikiversity:Video conferencing References External links Classroom management software Cross-platform software Date-matching software Free content management systems Free groupware Teleconferencing Virtual learning environments Web conferencing WordPress

23879309

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928%20Middlesbrough%20West%20by-election

1928 Middlesbrough West by-election

The 1928 Middlesbrough West by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Middlesbrough West on 7 March 1928. Vacancy The by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Liberal MP, Trevelyan Thomson who had held the seat since 1918. Although Middlesbrough West had been Liberal since 1918 and the predecessor seat of Middlesbrough had been Liberal since 1886 (with the exception of the 1900 general election), no recent contest had been three-cornered and Trevelyan Thompson had made the seat so much his own that he had not even been opposed in 1924. So, there was no reliable way of knowing how the votes would fall. Candidates Liberals The Liberals selected Frank Kingsley Griffith, a thirty-eight-year-old barrister from London and formerly unsuccessful candidate at Bromley at the general elections of 1922, 1923 and 1924. Griffith was also Chairman of the National League of Young Liberals. It was reported that Trevelyan Thomson's wife, Hilda, had been approached as a possible candidate in succession to her husband but that her health ruled her out. Unionists The Unionists chose as their candidate, local councillor and businessman Stanley Sadler. Sadler was the son of Samuel Sadler the first Conservative Member of Parliament for Middlesbrough and the founder of Sadler & Company, a chemicals business. Stanley Sadler was a former Mayor of Middlesbrough. Labour The candidate adopted for the Labour Party was also a local councillor. Huddersfield born Alonzo Ralph Ellis was a trade union official and councillor in Bradford. The adoption of these candidates meant this was the first three-cornered contest in the constituency since it was created in 1918. Issues Griffith issued his election address on 24 February, declaring himself an out and out Free Trader and stating that never before had Free Trade been so vital to industrial recovery at home and international amity abroad. The government's policy of protectionism was not applicable to the great national industries like iron and steel or shipping. He urged the government to put in hand great schemes of work and to allow local authorities to do the same to improve the infrastructure and create employment. It was ludicrous he argued to be paying the unemployed benefit to do nothing while improvement schemes such those at Middlesbrough docks were held up because of poor government accounting. Ellis countered by declaring that what was wanted was 100% socialism. The government must intervene to provide employment – or work with a capital W, in his words. Sadler had previously put forward an argument that those receiving poor law relief (unemployment benefit) should lose their right to vote if they refused to take work. He was challenged on this during the campaign and said that at a time of high unemployment this should not apply as people were out of work through no fault of their own but in better economic times a man who would not work should not be entitled to vote. It was reported however that Sadler was a strong defender of the Unionist government record in office and was particularly assured on the questions of safeguarding in industry (protectionism) and the economy. Result The result was a narrow hold for the Liberals over Labour, a margin of just 89 votes, with the Tories in third place. The poll showed that the popularity of the government was waning. Sadler and the Unionists had been expecting a higher vote and Labour advanced to a strong second place, presaging their win at the 1929 general election. For the Liberals the retention of the seat was a relief. The result of this by-election came on the same day as the by-election in St Ives in Cornwall, which was a Liberal gain from the Unionists. This double triumph for the Liberal Party was a boost to party morale, renewed under the dynamic leadership of Lloyd George and to the radical policy agenda of the coloured books and the manifesto We Can Conquer Unemployment being produced at this time. Aftermath Despite his slim majority this time however Griffith went on to hold the seat at the general elections of 1929, 1931 and 1935, the last of these in a three-cornered fight against Labour and National Labour opponents. When Griffith was appointed a county court judge in 1940, the seat was retained for the Liberals by Harcourt Johnstone in the resulting by-election, although under the wartime truce between the political parties, he was not opposed. Stanley Sadler clearly did not find national level politics congenial as he never fought another Parliamentary election. A R Ellis tried to win Middlesbrough West again in 1929 and then unsuccessfully contested Nottingham South in 1931. This turned out to be a false dawn for the Liberals however, as the result of the 1929 general election produced a strong advance in terms of the popular vote and percentage of poll share but only a modest improvement in the number of seats held overall. References See also 1940 Middlesbrough West by-election 1945 Middlesbrough West by-election List of United Kingdom by-elections United Kingdom by-election records West 1928 elections in the United Kingdom 1928 in England 20th century in North Yorkshire

20427256

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20a%20Celebrity...Get%20Me%20Out%20of%20Here%21%20%28British%20series%206%29

I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British series 6)

I'm a Celebrity... Get Me out of Here! returned to ITV for a sixth series on Monday 13 November 2006 and ran until Friday 1 December 2006. Once again the series was hosted by Ant and Dec. Kelly Osbourne and Brendon Burns initially presented the ITV2 spin-off show I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here! with Burns broadcasting from London, and Osbourne from Australia. However Burns was later replaced by Mark Durden Smith, and Osbourne was joined by Steve Wilson, and later Jeff Brazier. The I'm a Celebrity...Exclusive teatime programme ran on weekdays on ITV1. It was hosted by Series 5 contestant Sheree Murphy and Phillip Schofield. The series was won by Matt Willis on Day 19. Iceland, the supermarket, replaced First Choice Holidays as the shows' sponsor. Dean Gaffney and Myleene Klass would return to the series sixteen years later to participate in I'm a Celebrity... South Africa alongside other former contestants to try and become the first I'm a Celebrity legend. Gaffney was eliminated alongside series 12 contestant Helen Flanagan, with the pair finishing joint seventh and eighth overall. Klass went on to win, becoming the first ever I'm a Celebrity legend. Celebrities Twelve celebrity contestants participated in the sixth series. Camps On Day 8, the camp was split in two for the first time in I'm A Celebrity history and took part in a 'Battle of The Sexes' like competition. Team Base Camp consisted of David, Dean, Jason, Matt, Scott and Toby. Team Snake Rock consisted of Faith, Jan, Lauren, Malandra, Myleene and Phina. The two teams competed in Bushtucker Trials for food, and in Celebrity Chests for treats and other luxury items. The final head to head trial was to win immunity from the first elimination. The girls won, meaning the men faced the public vote. Toby was eventually evicted. The first competitive Celebrity Chest, contested between Matt & Scott of Team Base Camp and Lauren & Phina of Team Snake Rock ended in controversy when Scott and Phina fought over the chest, resulting in Phina biting Scott. Results and elimination Notes On Day 18, there was a double elimination. First the hosts revealed that Dean had the fewest votes and he was eliminated. The phone lines were reopened for the other contestants, and later the hosts returned to camp to reveal that David now the fewest votes, and he was also sent home. Bushtucker Trials The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. The participants are chosen by the public, up until the first eviction, when the campers decide who will take part in the trial The public voted for who they wanted to face the trial The contestants decided who did which trial The trial was compulsory and neither the public or celebrities decided who took part Notes For the trial, Scott had to dance to 10 songs whilst bugs were dropped on his head. Scott danced to one song before shouting "I'm A Celebrity...Get Me out of Here!". This is often touted as the worst ever performance in a Bush Tucker Trial. The public were asked to choose between two new campers, Dean and Malandra. Whoever the public voted for would take part in the trial and enter the camp. The public voted for Phina to take part in the trial. She was allowed to choose the second person to take part. She chose Jason. Upset at the prospect of taking part in the Trial, Jan was allowed to take one campmate to the trial for support. She chose Jason. This was the first head to head trial. The winner of the trial won immunity from the first vote off for their camp. Snake Rock won, meaning the male campers faced the public vote. David did not attend the trial, so his stars were taken by Myleene & Matt. Star count Ratings All ratings are taken from the UK Programme Ratings website, BARB. References External links I'm a Celebrity... Get Me out of Here! at Biogs.com 2006 British television seasons 06

40280973

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ITV%20regions

List of ITV regions

The ITV television network of the United Kingdom is divided into a number of geographical regions. Since 2002, all regions share the same programming except for regional news, weather, advertising and some local political content. Before then, the regions were independent stations, each with its own schedule and branding. Current regions The table below lists the current 14 regions and 23 sub-regions for ITV and its two associated channels, the timeshifted ITV +1 and the high-definition ITV HD. While the main SD channels (ITV1, UTV, and STV) on the Freeview platform provide a service for all 23 sub-regions, some sub-regional services are not available on some of the other channels and platforms, and another service is substituted instead, as indicated in the table. Most Freeview transmitter areas overlap to some extent, so ITV regional services can often be received beyond the service areas indicated. Regional and sub-regional news and weather coverage may extend to include overlap areas. The other ITV channels such as ITV2, ITV3 and ITV4, are not divided into regions, and each broadcasts a single service across the country. History Regional branding 1955–2006 Independent Television began as a franchised network of independently owned regional companies that were both broadcasters and programme makers. Each regional station was responsible for its own branding, scheduling and advertising, with many peak-time programmes shared simultaneously across the whole network. The companies serving London, the Midlands, North West England and Yorkshire (which were the first to start broadcasting in 1955 and 1956) were responsible for making or commissioning the majority of nationally networked programmes; these companies were known as the "Big Four" before 1968 and the "Big Five" afterwards (reflecting the number of companies). Every company made its own regional programmes. The network began with companies serving London in 1955, and gradually grew until all companies were on air by 1962, and continued to grow as more transmitters were provided for existing companies during the 1960s and 1970s. Over time, some companies lost their franchises and were replaced by others, and the regions covered by some franchises were changed. From 1993, mergers between ITV companies became possible; as a result, companies began to take each other over to increase efficiencies and to expand. By 2004, all of the ITV franchises in England and Wales were owned by the newly formed ITV plc, the four other franchises being Scottish TV, Grampian TV, UTV and Channel. Regional continuity branding The list below indicates the on-air brand names predominantly used by each regional company, which may differ from the official company name or franchise name. Each company used its own branding: as station identification in continuity announcements and programme trailers in its own region; within its own regional news programmes; as production logos on every programme that it made or commissioned (whether for local or national broadcast). Thus companies' brands were often seen by viewers outside their own areas, especially the Big Four/Five brands. From 1989, a national ITV corporate identity was established, which saw regional brands combined with the national ITV brand, although the balance between regional and national brands varied from company to company. By 2002, all regional companies in England and Wales were owned by either Granada plc or Carlton Communications. These companies carried identical schedules, except for regional news and weather which continued to use joint regional and ITV1 branding. At all other times national ITV1 branding alone was used in England but not Wales. Two years later, Granada and Carlton merged to form ITV plc. Regional branding in England was completely abolished in 2006. Some regions were divided into sub-regions for the purposes of regional news and advertising, but these sub-regions were not usually identified by on-air branding and consequently are not shown here (with the exception of Wales and the West of England which, after 1964, were managed under a single franchise but are shown as separate regions). In the table above coloured highlights denote companies whose broadcasting times were limited: denotes weekdays only; denotes weekends only; denotes breakfast time only (when all other ITV franchises were off air). Ownership of regional companies National branding from 2002 From 2002, all regional companies in England used national ITV1 branding alone for networked programmes. Similarly in Scotland, both the Scottish and Grampian regions were rebranded in 2006 as "STV" at all times. National continuity branding Continuity branding used for networked programmes, that is, excluding regional programmes. Franchise and news regions With all English franchises owned by ITV plc, there have been times when the news regions have not coincided with the official franchise regions. These exceptions are listed in the tables below. For the names of the regional news programmes, see . ITV network regions and sub-regions continue to be used by ITV Media to sell different advertisements in each sub-region. Production branding Each regional company was not just a broadcaster but also a television production company. After mergers, all the production arms of the companies acquired by ITV plc were taken over by Granada Productions, which became ITV Studios in 2009. The two STV regions formed SMG Productions, which became STV Productions and then STV Studios. Notes References ITV-related lists

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les%20Cinq%20Derni%C3%A8res%20Minutes

Les Cinq Dernières Minutes

(The Last Five Minutes) (French: Les Cinq Dernières Minutes) is a crime based French television series, created by Claude Loursais, broadcast from 1 January 1958 till 20 December 1996. The show was aired in four series on several channels. The first series was broadcast in 56 episodes between 1 January 1958 and 7 November 1973 on RTF. After an intermediary series of four 90 minute episodes were broadcast from 19 July 1974 to 16 January 1975, a second 72 episode series was broadcast from 1975 to 1993, then a third 17 episode series from 1993 to 1996 was broadcast on Antenne 2. Summary Les Cinq Dernières Minutes was the first long-running series about police inquiries on French television. Each episode is based on an investigation where the viewer, accompanied by Commissioner Inspector Antoine Bourrel and his assistant Deputy Dupuy, must find clues which will help find the culprit. The programme often takes place in unconventional environments or situations, such as at a racecourse, scrap dealers, the Eiffel tower or a commercial printing business. At the beginning, the series was a gameshow, which was filmed in studio and broadcast live. Two selected viewers took part and had to guess who was guilty when inspector Bourrel said the famous line: "Good God! But it’s… Of course!". Each of the two contestants had the opportunity to repeat two parts of the show, which would also be seen by the audience at home. This famously happened during the pilot episode when glasses of Champagne were given out. In some of the original episodes, there was also participation from the viewers at home, but this was abandoned during the first series. Cast Over time, many actors and personalities have featured on the show, including: Françoise Fabian, Guy Kerner, Ginette Leclerc, Rellys, Pierre Brasseur, Henri Virlogeux, Bernard Fresson, Henri Crémieux, Jacques Monod, Henri Vilbert, André Valmy, Robert Vattier, Serge Gainsbourg, Anémone, Jean Topart, Paul Le Person, Jess Hahn, Marie-Georges Pascal, Pierre Clémenti, Michel Robin, Paul Préboist, ... The series also introduced many young actors to the audience, such as Yves Rénier. Marc Eyraud was the only actor to play in the first, intermediary and second series. Series One Raymond Souplex: Commissioner inspector Antoine Bourrel (1958-1973) Jean Daurand : Deputy Dupuy Pierre Collet : Officer of the Police Judiciaire Intermediary Series Christian Barbier : Commissioner Le Carré (1974-1975) Jacques Bouvier : The Judge (1974) Marc Eyraud : Inspector Ménardeau (1974-1975) Henri Lambert : Inspector Lindet (1974) Series Two Jacques Debary : Commissioner Cabrol (1975-1992) Marc Eyraud : Inspector Ménardeau (1975-1992) Caroline Silhol : Commissioner Belmont (1988-1992) Marc Adjadj : Inspector Lamouri (1988-1992) Valérie Jonckeere : Daughter Georges Claisse Series Three Pierre Santini : Commissioner Massard (1993-1996) Pierre Hoden : Inspector Antoine Barrier (1993-1996) Guest Andrée Damant Artus de Penguern Aurélien Recoing Catherine Jacob Christine Citti Claire Maurier Claire Nadeau Claude Gensac Daniel Prévost Danièle Évenou Danièle Lebrun Dominique Blanc Fabienne Chaudat Francine Bergé François Marthouret François Perrot Françoise Bertin Ginette Garcin Jackie Sardou Laure Duthilleul Liliane Rovère Magali Clément Marthe Villalonga Myriam Boyer Pascale Roberts Philippe Nahon Pierre Arditi Tonie Marshall Valérie Vogt Véra Belmont Yves Rénier Trivia This programme was extremely successful until the main actor Raymond Souplex left in November 1972. In recognition of his character, the following commissioners were no longer called Bourrel, but instead, Le Carré, Cabrol and Massard. Besides Claude Loursais, many directors have written for this programme, notably Jean-Pierre Decourt, Bernard Hecht, Jean-Yves Jeudi, Guy Lessertisseur, Raymond Pontarlier and Guy Séligmann. The scripts for the first series were mostly written by Jean Cosmos, Fred Kassak and Louis C. Thomas The theme music played (on trumpet by Pierre Thibaud) during the opening sequence is called Arsenic blues and was composed by Marc Lanjean. The programme was referenced by Gotlib in many of his comic strips, Rubrique-a-brac. Raymond Devos also references it in one of his sketches, Ma dernière heure est arrivée. References External links 1950s French television series 1960s French television series 1970s French television series 1980s French television series 1990s French television series 1958 French television series debuts 1996 French television series endings

50580696

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Xia

Tony Xia

Tony Jiantong Xia () is a Chinese businessman. He is the chairman, CEO and owner of Recon Group. Early life and education Xia was born in Quzhou, Zhejiang. At the age of 14, he left home to attend university in Beijing. He was amongst the first 25 of 1,000 selected to study abroad at Harvard (where he studied landscape design), the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and a five-month exchange to study at Trinity College, Oxford in 1998–99. He has a PhD as a doctor of design in urban planning. Career In March 1999, Xia founded design company XWHO in Boston, US co-owned by his then-girlfriend and one of his lecturers. The company relocated to Hangzhou, China where Xia started a planning company called Teamax, which he sold for £430 million. Recon Group Xia took over Chinese company Recon Group in 2004. The company is based in Beijing and Hangzhou and is the umbrella organisation for Xia's companies which operate in IT, health and agriculture, new energy and smart transportation, engineering and design, financial services, and sports, leisure, and tourism. Xia added he planned to invest in or buy football clubs in India, Spain, the US, and Australia to create a new 'sports sector' within his portfolio. In February 2017 Recon Group subsidiary Recon Holding agreed to purchase a 51% stake in Millennium Films, a Hollywood film studio specialising in action films including The Expendables series. Previous majority stakeholder and founder Avi Lerner would have remained as Chief Executive Officer with Xia becoming chairman. This deal was later announced to be off in August 2017 due to the Chinese government clamping down on overseas business investments. On 19 March 2020, Xia announced that the Recon Group had focused attention to their Healthcare and Bioscience division, which was producing and exporting COVID-19 testing kits, hand sanitizer, ventilators, thermometers and PPE to countries around the world that were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Aston Villa F.C. On 18 May 2016, it was announced that Recon Group had agreed to buy Aston Villa for a reported £60 million from American businessman Randy Lerner, with the club becoming part of Recon Group's Sports, Leisure and Tourism division. On 14 June 2016, the sale was completed for a reported £76 million after being approved by the Football League. Upon completion of the sale, Xia became chairman of the club. Xia's tenure at Aston Villa featured heavy investment in the club, but problems with moving cash out of China and into the United Kingdom soon hit Xia and Aston Villa hard. On 5 June 2018, Aston Villa missed the deadline for a £4 million tax bill, and the club was faced with a winding up order and the real possibility of going out of business. On 6 June 2018, Xia suspended Aston Villa's CEO Keith Wyness, who later resigned, after he was alleged to have discussed the prospect of Aston Villa's possible administration and subsequent 12-point deduction with third parties without Xia's knowledge. The following day, 7 June 2018, Xia managed to negotiate an agreement with HM Revenue and Customs to pay £500,000 of the £4 million bill, promising to pay the remaining portion at a later date. This saved the club from immediate danger, but Xia confirmed that the club was still in significant financial difficulty. Xia sold his majority stake in the club to NSWE in July 2018, and became a minority stakeholder and co-chairman. In June 2019, Keith Wyness took Aston Villa to court for constructive dismissal, however this was settled out of court in favour of Wyness and the club released a statement saying he had acted in the best interests of the club. Wyness later tried to sue Xia directly, but that was also rejected by a judge who stated that the case would be prejudiced against Xia (living in China at the time), who would be required to travel back to the UK to give evidence at considerable financial and time costs. On 9 August 2019, documents from Companies House revealed that Recon Group's minority share ownership had been bought out, and Xia no longer had any stake in the club. Legal Issues On 18 October 2019, a court in Beijing issued an arrest warrant for Xia. There was a £30,000 reward for information that led to his arrest. Recon Group, and by extension Xia, were accused of Breach of Contract and Non-Payment of Debt. Xia responded via his Twitter account, claiming that the allegations were a fabrication, created by a "local competitor attempting to cause damage to [him]". Xia reportedly spent 6 months in several detention centres in China between July 2020 and January 2021, after being formally arrested on suspicion of harming the interests of a Shenzhen-listed manufacturing company. A 2021 investigation by Al Jazeera into alleged money laundering in English football claimed that Xia's ownership of Aston Villa may have been part of this. A deal-maker who was speaking to an undercover journalist claimed that the money used was not Xia's, but in fact was a front for an unknown investor. Following this investigation, former colleague Keith Wyness cast doubt on whether Xia was as weathly as he had claimed, stating “Not a lot was known about him that could be independently verified. My concern was that for a supposed billionaire with a string of companies, Mr Xia appeared not to have a grasp of basic financial modelling.” Personal life Xia has a home in Beijing. He has a wife, Sally, and one child. He became an Aston Villa fan after watching them at Villa Park during his time as a student at Oxford University. Xia played football at college as a striker. Xia describes himself as a self-made millionaire. In 2018, his estimated wealth was £1bn. Xia uses the English name Tony Xia. References Living people 1976 births Aston Villa F.C. directors and chairmen Businesspeople from Zhejiang Chinese football chairmen and investors Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni People from Quzhou Billionaires from Zhejiang Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni Chinese billionaires

12726284

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius%20Mrak

Ignatius Mrak

Ignatius Mrak (October 16, 1810 – January 2, 1901) was a Slovenian-born American prelate of the Catholic Church who served as Bishop of Sault Saint Marie and Marquette from 1869 to 1879. Biography Early life Mrak was born on October 16, 1810, in Hotovlja in the Duchy of Carniola in the Austrian Empire (present-day Slovenia). He was baptized Ignatz Mrack. He was one of six children of Mathias and Maria (née Demscher) Mrak. He received his early education at schools in Poljane and Kranj before attending the Bežigrad Gymnasium in Ljubljana. In 1834, he entered the diocesan seminary of Ljubljana, where he completed his theological studies with honors. Priesthood Mrak was ordained a priest on August 13, 1837, by Anton Aloys Wolf, the prince-bishop of the Diocese of Ljubljana. After passing a rigorous state examination, he was appointed a tutor to the son of Baron Peter Pirquet in Legnago, near Verona, where he remained for two years. He returned to Carniola in 1840 and served as an assistant pastor in Poljane and Slavina. Influenced by the missionary work of his fellow Slovene, Frederic Baraga, Mrak sought admission to the Diocese of Detroit and arrived in the United States in October 1845. Bishop Peter Lefevere sent him to assist Rev. Francis Pierz, another Slovene, at the missions in the L'Arbre Croche region of Michigan. Mrak quickly learned the Ottawa dialect and, one month after arriving in America, preached an entire sermon in that language. In 1847, Mrak was given his own mission at St. Anthony's in Cross Village, Michigan, while also attending other missions in Michigan: St. Francis Xavier's in Readmond St. Leopold's on Beaver Island in Lake Michigan Immaculate Conception in Peshawbestown This territory was placed under the Vicariate Apostolic of Upper Michigan in 1853, headed by Bishop Baraga. The vicariate was elevated to the Diocese of Sault Sainte Marie in 1857, and Baraga appointed Mrak vicar general of the diocese in 1859.After returning from a European trip to recruit priests for the diocese, Mrak requested to return to Slovenia, but was persuaded to stay in Michigan by Bishops Baraga and Lefevere. Bishop of Sault Saint Marie and Marquette On September 25, 1868, Mrak was named to succeed the late Bishop Baraga as bishop of Sault Saint Marie and Marquette by Pope Pius IX. However, he was reluctant to accept the position and refused to respond to the letters announcing his appointment for a few months. He finally yielded and received his episcopal consecration on February 7, 1869, from Archbishop John Purcell, with Bishops Lefevere and John Henni serving as co-consecrators, at St. Peter Cathedral in Cincinnati. Mrak attended the First Vatican Council in Rome (1869-1870), which was announced a few months after his consecration. Over the course of his tenure as bishop, the diocese saw slow development. He increased the number of churches from 21 to 27 and the number of priests from 15 to 20. Two priests he ordained were: John Stariha, a fellow Slovene who would become the first bishop of the Diocese of Lead in South Dakota and Frederick Eis, a future Bishop of Marquette. At the same time, a depression in the Copper Country industry lead to a significant decline in the Catholic population. Two prominent schools, one in Sault Ste. Marie and the other in Hancock, closed during his first year as bishop. In 1874 he placed a church in Hancock under interdict after the congregation refused to accept their new pastor. Retirement and legacy After suffering an attack of rheumatism, Mrak submitted his resignation as bishop of Sault Saint Marie and Marquette to the pope. It was accepted on April 28, 1879, by Pope Leo XIII, who gave him the titular see of Antinoë. His health turned for the better and he served at parishes in Negaunee and Menominee before resuming his missionary work, accepting a post in Peshawbestown. He returned to Marquette in 1891 and finished his days as a chaplain at St. Mary's Hospital. Ignatius Mrak died at St. Mary's Hospital in Marquette, Michigan, on January 2, 1901, at age 90. He is buried in the crypt of St. Peter's Cathedral. References External links 1810 births 1901 deaths People from the Municipality of Gorenja Vas-Poljane Slovenian Roman Catholic missionaries 19th-century Slovenian Roman Catholic priests Emigrants from the Austrian Empire to the United States Roman Catholic bishops of Marquette 19th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States 20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States Burials at St. Peter Cathedral (Marquette, Michigan) Slovenian emigrants to the United States Roman Catholic missionaries in the United States

14762443

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akmaral%20Arystanbekova

Akmaral Arystanbekova

Akmaral Haidarqyzy Arystanbekova (, Aqmaral Haidarqyzy Arystanbekova) is a Kazakhstani diplomat who served the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic from November 1989 to December 1991. She was the first Permanent Representative of Kazakhstan to the United Nations from 1992 to 1999. She was the fourth female ambassador among the 176 member states of the United Nations. After her UN assignment, she also served as Ambassador to France and Permanent Representative to UNESCO. Biography Aqmaral Arystanbekova was born in Almaty on 12 May 1948 to a Sunni Muslim Kazakh family. She is the daughter of Haidar Arystanbekov and Shahrbanu Nurmuhammedova. She graduated with honors from the Kazakh State University with Bachelor of Science in Chemistry in 1971 and in 1975 followed up with Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D). She continued her professional career as a faculty member at the Kazakh State University from 1975-1978. From 1978-1983, she served as Chief Secretary of the Central Committee of the Kazakh Komsomol. She also served as Deputy Chairman from 1983-1984 and then as chairman from 1984-1989 of the Presidium of the Kazakh Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries. Arystanbekova became the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Government of Kazakhstan in November 1989 and served till December 1991. In December 1991 she was assigned to New York to make preparations for Kazakhstan's entry to the United Nations which took place on 2 March 1992. At that time she worked in the Permanent Mission of the USSR, as a senior counselor. From April 1992 to October 1999, Arystanbekova served as the first Permanent Representative of Kazakhstan to the UN In 1996-1999 she also was Ambassador of Kazakhstan to Cuba. From 1994-1995, she was a Vice-President of the 49th session of the UN General Assembly. Her other roles in the UN were as Vice-Chairman of the Executive Board of UNICEF in 1998, and Vice-Chairman of the First Committee of 53rd UN General Assembly session during 1998. She completed her assignment as Permanent Representative of Kazakhstan to the United Nations in October 1999 when Kofi Annan, was the Secretary-General. Upon completion of the UN assignment she worked as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Kazakhstan to France in 1999-2003 and Permanent Delegate to the UNESCO (1999-2001). Since 2003 she has served as Ambassador at Large of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Personal life Arystanbekova has held the diplomatic rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary since 1993. She is the author of six monographs and numerous scholarly papers on international relations and world politics in domestic and foreign publications and she gives lectures at universities as a professor of the international studies. Arystanbekova also holds a doctorate degree in world history. She is fluent in English and French. Awards Order of Kurmet (1996) Jubilee Medal "25 years of Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan" (2016) Nazir Tyuryakulov Medal (2008) Honorary Citizen of the City of Almaty (2018) Order of Friendship (2018) She is also the recipient of awards from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union in 1970 and 1981. References Bibliography See also Foreign relations of Kazakhstan List of the first female holders of political offices Living people People from Almaty Permanent Representatives of Kazakhstan to the United Nations Foreign ministers of Kazakhstan Ambassadors of Kazakhstan to Cuba Ambassadors of Kazakhstan to France Female foreign ministers 1948 births 20th-century Kazakhstani women politicians 20th-century Kazakhstani politicians Kazakhstani women ambassadors Women government ministers of Kazakhstan People's commissars and ministers of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic 20th-century diplomats

4503257

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Dansey

Claude Dansey

Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Claude Edward Marjoribanks Dansey, KCMG (10 September 1876 – 11 June 1947), also known as Colonel Z, Haywood, Uncle Claude, and codenamed Z, was the assistant chief of the Secret Intelligence Service known as ACSS, of the British intelligence agency commonly known as MI6, and a member of the London Controlling Section. He began his career in intelligence in 1900, and remained active until his death. Early life Dansey was born in 1876 at 14 Cromwell Place, Kensington, the second of nine children and eldest son of Captain (later Lieutenant-Colonel) Edward Mashiter Dansey, an officer in the 1st Life Guards, and his wife, the Hon. Eleanor Dansey, daughter of Robert Gifford, 2nd Baron Gifford. He attended Wellington College until 1891, and then a private school in Bruges. At the age of 17 he became sexually involved with Robert Baldwin Ross, and Lord Alfred Douglas, narrowly avoiding exposure and imprisonment. Later life In 1895 he joined the Matabeleland Regiment of the British South African Police. On 13 June 1898 he joined the militia as second lieutenant in the 5th and 6th battalion Lancashire Fusiliers, being promoted to lieutenant on 9 November. On 16 August 1899 he was seconded for service with the British North Borneo Company. He transferred to the regular army when he was appointed a second lieutenant of the 2nd battalion on 24 February 1900, followed by promotion to lieutenant on 15 August 1900. On 1 March 1902 he was again seconded, as a Staff Lieutenant for Intelligence in South Africa, then on 24 June he was appointed aide-de-camp to the Brigadier-General commanding the Harrismith District, Charles James Blomfield. He was transferred from a supernumerary lieutenancy onto the establishment of his regiment on 17 September 1902. On 4 November 1904 he was seconded for "special extra-regimental employment" as a Political Advisor in the British Somaliland Protectorate and on 24 October 1906 he resigned his commission. On 10 April 1907 he was promoted to captain on the Reserve of Officers. He was recruited by MI5 and put in charge of "port intelligence" and the surveillance of civilian passengers during World War I. He was "inadvertently" responsible for allowing Leon Trotsky to return to Russia in 1917. He helped set up the first American military intelligence service in 1917. He became deputy to Stewart Menzies, chief of MI6 (SIS), after the death of Hugh Sinclair. in November 1939 and retired in 1945. Personal life Dansey married Mrs Pauline Monroe Ulman (maiden surname Cory) in 1915 and they were later divorced. He married Mrs Frances Gurney Rylander (Maiden surname Wilson) in 1945. There were no children. Dansey died on 11 June 1947 in Bath, Somerset. References Further reading Brown, Anthony Cave (1987) 'C' The Secret Life of Sir Stewart Graham Menzies, spymaster to Winston Churchill, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, Andrew, Christopher (1986). Her Majesty’s Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence Community, .New York: Viking, . Marshall declared the culprit was homosexual, allegedly, and Freemason, Deputy Head of MI-6, Sir Claude Edward Marjoribanks Dansey (1876-1947.) 1876 births 1947 deaths Military personnel from London Pre–World War I spies World War I spies for the United Kingdom MI5 personnel MI6 personnel British Militia officers British Army personnel of the Second Boer War Lancashire Fusiliers officers British Army personnel of World War I World War II spies for the United Kingdom

1377460

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joy%20to%20the%20World%20%28Three%20Dog%20Night%20song%29

Joy to the World (Three Dog Night song)

"Joy to the World" is a song written by Hoyt Axton and made famous by the band Three Dog Night. The song is also popularly known by its opening lyric, "Jeremiah was a bullfrog". Three Dog Night originally released the song on their fourth studio album, Naturally, in November 1970, and subsequently released an edited version of the song as a single in February 1971. The song, which has been described by members of Three Dog Night as a "kid's song" and a "silly song", topped the singles charts in North America, was certified gold by the RIAA, and has since been covered by multiple artists. Background and recording Some of the words are nonsensical. Axton wanted to persuade his record producers to record a new melody he had written, and the producers asked him to sing any words to the tune. A member of Three Dog Night said that the original lyrics to the song were "Jeremiah was a prophet" but no one liked it. When Hoyt Axton performed the song to the group, two of the three main vocalists – Danny Hutton and Cory Wells – rejected the song, but Chuck Negron felt that the band needed a "silly song" to help bring the band back together as a working unit. Negron also felt that the song "wasn't even close to our best record, but it might have been one of our most honest." The song was recorded by Three Dog Night at American Recording Company, produced by Richard Podolor, and engineered by Bill Cooper. Unlike most Three Dog Night songs recorded at that point, instead of having just the three main vocalists singing harmony, the song was recorded with all seven members of the band singing. Drummer Floyd Sneed sings the deep lyric "I wanna tell you" towards the end of the song. When the song hit number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 in 1971, Axton and his mother, Mae Axton, became the first mother and son to each have written a number one pop single in the rock era. Mae Axton co-wrote "Heartbreak Hotel", which was the first number one hit for Elvis Presley. In a 1994 case, David P. Jackson filed suit claiming co-authorship of the song and alleging that Axton fraudulently claimed sole authorship. In the suit, Jackson claimed that Axton regularly credited him with co-authorship. The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled in favor of Axton. Charts and awards Weekly charts Year-end charts All-time charts The single had been out less than two months, when on April 9, 1971, "Joy to the World" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America, for shipments of over one million units across the United States. The record was also given a Gold Leaf award by RPM magazine for sales of over a million units. The record won the award for the Best Selling Hit Single Record by the National Association of Recording Merchandisers in March 1972. It was also ranked by Billboard magazine as the #1 pop single of 1971. The song was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Duo Or Group during the 14th Grammy Awards. The single went on to sell 5 million copies worldwide. Cover versions Axton subsequently recorded his own version of the song for his album Joy To The World (1971). Little Richard recorded a cover of the song for his 1971 album, The King of Rock and Roll, with a lengthy spoken intro and outro in the style of Black sermonic tradition preaching. The song has also been covered by Conway Twitty, Lynn Anderson, Anita Bryant, and others. Certifications In popular culture The song's refrain was used by Mariah Carey in her 1994 recording of the Christmas hymn "Joy to the World" on her album Merry Christmas. In 1998 the song was referenced in Muppets Tonight during the episode "Andie MacDowell". In 2004 former Lizzie McGuire stars Hilary Duff and Davida Williams covered the song in their movie Raise Your Voice. Singer-songwriter Daniel Johnston liked the song, which inspired his own character Jeremiah the bullfrog, whom he often drew in his artwork and advertisements. The frog is also featured on the cover of his album Hi, How Are You (1983) and has become an official music mascot for Johnston. The song was performed by the cast of ZOOM during season 3. It is sung by the son of one of the main characters at the start of the film The Big Chill (1983) and is featured on the soundtrack. The song was included in the film Forrest Gump and its soundtrack. In The X-Files TV series ("Detour" - S05E04), Scully sings the song to a wounded Mulder in the forest at night. Opening theme song for 2002 Fuji TV series Lunch no Joō, starring Yūko Takeuchi and Satoshi Tsumabuki. In English translations of Animal Crossing, there is a blue frog named Jeremiah (known as Quattro in its original Japanese), his English name coming from the first lyric. In Sex and the City (S02E10), Carrie and her friend Jeremiah sing the song while drunk. In Friends (S09E13), Chandler sings the song at the karaoke. It is played during the end credits of the R-rated animated film, Sausage Party (2016). It appears in 2017 and 2018 TV commercials for Big Lots. The song appeared frequently in the movie 28 Days, including when Gwen Cummings (Sandra Bullock) finishes her stint in court-mandated rehab. It is played during the end credits of Drowning Mona. There is a short fantasy story by John A. Pitts, titled Jeremiah was a Bullfrog, which reimagines the song. In Outlander TV series, season 5, episode 2, character Roger McKenzie sings the song to his baby son Jeremiah. Appears in the J.C. Penney 2020 seasonal holiday TV advertising campaign. In April 2006, the cast of Nickelodeon series Dora the Explorer and Go, Diego, Go! covered the song on the album Diego, Dora & Friends' Animals Jamboree. In September 2010, Nickelodeon covered the song again, this time with the Wonder Pets! for the 2010 Mega Music Fest. The song and band are referenced by the American folk-rock group Fruit Bats in their song "Singing Joy to the World," off their album The Ruminant Band. The song appeared in the Cosmic Mix Vol. 1 of the Guardians of Galaxy series. It was featured in the very end of the episode "Bad Moon Rising". It is also played at the end of every Denver Broncos home victory. Notable playings of this song after Broncos victories included then-Chicago Bears head coach Abe Gibron's singing along with the song in 1973; and at the end of Super Bowl XXXII, played at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego. It was also played at the end of Super Bowl XXXIII at Pro Player (now Hard Rock) Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida and Super Bowl 50 in Santa Clara, California. References External links 1971 singles Three Dog Night songs Dunhill Records singles Songs written by Hoyt Axton Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles Cashbox number-one singles RPM Top Singles number-one singles Number-one singles in South Africa 1970 songs Denver Broncos American children's songs

583297

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempel%201

Tempel 1

Tempel 1 (official designation: 9P/Tempel) is a periodic Jupiter-family comet discovered by Wilhelm Tempel in 1867. It completes an orbit of the Sun every 5.6 years. Tempel 1 was the target of the Deep Impact space mission, which photographed a deliberate high-speed impact upon the comet in 2005. It was re-visited by the Stardust spacecraft on February 14, 2011 and came back to perihelion in August 2016. On 26 May 2024 it will make a modest approach of 0.55 AU to Jupiter which will lift the perihelion distance and 9P will next come to perihelion on 12 February 2028 when it will be 1.77 AU from the Sun. Discovery and orbital history Tempel 1 was discovered on April 3, 1867, by Wilhelm Tempel, who was working at Marseille. At the time of discovery, it approached perihelion once every 5.68 years (designations 9P/1867 G1 and 1867 II). It was subsequently observed in 1873 (9P/1873 G1, 1873 I, 1873a) and in 1879 (1879 III, 1879b). Photographic attempts during 1898 and 1905 failed to recover the comet, and astronomers surmised that it had disintegrated, when in reality, its orbit had changed. Tempel 1's orbit occasionally brings it sufficiently close to Jupiter to be altered, with a consequent change in the comet's orbital period. This occurred in 1881 (closest approach to Jupiter of 0.55 AU), lengthening the orbital period to 6.5 years. Perihelion also changed, increasing by 50 million kilometres, to 2.1 AU, rendering the comet far less visible from Earth. Perihelion did not drop below 2 AU until 1944 after a 1941 approach to Jupiter. Tempel 1 was rediscovered in 1967 (as 9P/1967 L1, 1966 VII), after British astronomer Brian G. Marsden performed precise calculations of the comet's orbit that took into account Jupiter's perturbations. Marsden found that further close approaches to Jupiter in 1941 (0.41 AU) and 1953 (0.77 AU) had decreased both the perihelion distance and the orbital period to values smaller than when the comet was initially discovered (5.84 and 5.55 years, respectively). These approaches moved Tempel 1 into its present libration around the 1:2 resonance with Jupiter. Despite an unfavorable 1967 return, Elizabeth Roemer of the Catalina Observatory took several photographs. Initial inspection revealed nothing, but in late 1968 she found a June 8, 1967 exposure (Tempel 1 had passed perihelion in January) that held the image of an 18th magnitude diffuse object very close to where Marsden had predicted the comet to be. At least two images are required for orbit computation, so the next return had to be awaited. Roemer and L. M. Vaughn recovered the comet on January 11, 1972, from Steward Observatory (9P/1972 A1, 1972 V, 1972a). The comet became widely observed, reached a maximum brightness of magnitude 11 during May, and was last seen on July 10. Since that time the comet has been seen at every apparition, in 1978 (1978 II, 1977i), 1983 (1983 XI, 1982j), 1989 (1989 I, 1987e1), 1994 (1994 XIUX, 1993c), 2000 and 2005. Physical characteristics Tempel 1 is not a bright comet; its brightest apparent magnitude since discovery has been 11, far below naked-eye visibility. Its nucleus measures . Measurements taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in visible light and the Spitzer Space Telescope in infrared light suggest a low albedo of only 4%. A two-day rotation rate was also determined. Exploration Deep Impact space mission On 4 July 2005 at 05:52 UTC (01:52 EDT), Tempel 1 was deliberately struck by one component of the NASA Deep Impact probe, one day before perihelion. The impact was photographed by the other component of the probe, which recorded a bright spray from the impact site. The impact was also observed by earthbound and space telescopes, which recorded a brightening of several magnitudes. The crater that formed was not visible to Deep Impact due to the cloud of dust raised by the impact, but was estimated to be between 100 and 250 meters in diameter and 30 meters deep. The probe's spectrometer instrument detected dust particles finer than human hair, and discovered the presence of silicates, carbonates, smectite, metal sulfides (such as fool's gold), amorphous carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Water ice was detected in the ejecta. The water ice came from 1 meter below the surface crust (the devolatized layer around the nucleus). NEXT mission In part because the crater formed during the Deep Impact collision could not be imaged during the initial flyby, on 3 July 2007, NASA approved the New Exploration of Tempel 1 (or NExT) mission. The low-cost mission utilized the already existing Stardust spacecraft, which had studied Comet Wild 2 in 2004. Stardust was placed into a new orbit so that it approached Tempel 1. It passed at a distance of approximately on February 15, 2011, 04:42 UTC. This was the first time that a comet was visited twice. On February 15, NASA scientists identified the crater formed by Deep Impact in images from Stardust. The crater is estimated to be in diameter, and has a bright mound in the center likely created when material from the impact fell back into the crater. Energy of impactor According to NASA "The impactor delivers 19 Gigajoules (that's 4.8 tons of TNT) of kinetic energy to excavate the crater. This kinetic energy is generated by the combination of the mass of the impactor (370 kg; 816 lbs) and its velocity when it impacts (~10.2 km/s)". According to NASA, "The energy from the impact will excavate a crater approximately 100m wide and 28m deep". The geometry of the flyby allowed investigators to obtain considerably more three-dimensional information about the nucleus from stereo pairs of images than during Deep Impact's encounter. Scientists were able to quickly spot locations where an elevated flow-like formation of icy material on the comet's surface receded due to sublimation between encounters. Close approaches Comets are in unstable orbits that evolve over time due to perturbations and outgassing. Tempel 1 passed within 0.04 AU – or 5.9 million km (3.7 million mi) – of the dwarf planet Ceres on November 11, 2011. Then, as a Jupiter-family comet, it will spend years interacting with the giant planet Jupiter, and by October 2084 perihelion will be lifted as high as 1.98 AU. Then perihelion will start dropping again and it will pass from Mars on October 17, 2183. Gallery References Further reading External links Space.com - Deep Impact NASA - Deep Impact NASA - Stardust-NExT* Tempel 1 natural/contrast-enhanced Four views of Tempel 1 Periodic comets 0009 Comets visited by spacecraft Comets in 2011 Comets in 2016 18670403

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado%20Department%20of%20Regulatory%20Agencies

Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies

The Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies (DORA) is the principal department of the Colorado state government responsible for professional licensing and consumer protection. As the consumer protection agency for the State of Colorado, DORA's nine Divisions and more than 40 boards, commissions, and advisory committees license and regulate more than 700,000 people and 24,000 businesses in the state. DORA serves as a resource for objective information about licensed Colorado industries, professions and occupations, takes consumer complaints and works to educate consumers about their rights. Structure DORA is composed of these divisions: Executive Director's Office Office of Policy, Research & Regulatory Reform Division of Banking Division of Civil Rights Division of Financial Services Division of Insurance Division of Professions and Occupations Division of Real Estate Division of Securities Office of Consumer Counsel Public Utilities Commission History The Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies was created in 1968, although several of the Department's divisions have been protecting Colorado citizens previously: In 1877, state regulation of Colorado banks began one year after statehood was achieved, when the Colorado Legislature first codified the process by which banking associations could be chartered and operated. In 1883, Colorado began to regulate insurance through the State Auditor's Office. In 1913, the Colorado Department of Insurance, now known as the Division of Insurance, was formed in response to widespread growth in the industry. In 1913, the Colorado Public Utilities Commission was created when the State Legislature created it as part of the passage of the Public Utilities Act of 1913. In 1923, regulation of the offer and sale of securities to investors began through the Division of Securities. The real estate industry has been regulated since 1925 through what is now the Division of Real Estate. In 1931, Colorado began chartering credit unions, when the General Assembly passed the Credit Union Act. Regulation of credit unions, savings and loan institutions and trust companies is conducted by what is now known as the Division of Financial Services. In 1951, Colorado became the third state to establish a civil rights agency, now known as the Colorado Civil Rights Division. In 1968, the Department of Regulatory Agencies was created pursuant to the "Administrative Organization Act of 1968". The act moved the aforementioned agencies into one umbrella department. The act also created the Division of Registrations (now known as the Division of Professions and Occupations) and moved many existing boards under its purview, some of which had been in existence for over a century. In 1976, Colorado passed the first Sunset Law in the United States. This law requires the periodic review of various agencies throughout state government. In 1985, the Colorado General Assembly passed the Sunrise law as a complement to the Sunset law. This law requires that a review be conducted on all proposals to regulate previously unregulated occupations or professions. The Office of Policy, Research and Regulatory Reform, an office within the Executive Director's Office of the Department of Regulatory Agencies, conducts these reviews. The Office of Consumer Counsel (OCC) was created by the General Assembly as a division of the Attorney General's Office on July 1, 1984. OCC is now located within DORA. Its mission is the representation of residential, small business and agricultural utility consumers on certain utility issues before the Colorado Public Utilities Commission. Program Areas Investigations Criminal and compliance investigations, both in response to formal complaints and as part of regular audits. Divisions: Civil Rights, Insurance, Professions and Occupations, Public Utilities Commission, Real Estate, Securities. Enforcement Resolution of complaints/charges received and proactive enforcement/compliance oriented investigations ensuring adequate consumer protection. Divisions: Civil Rights, Insurance, Professions and Occupations, Public Utilities Commission, Real Estate, Securities. Consumer Representation During Utility Rate Approvals Present evidence in support of consumers when utilities request rate increases. Divisions: Office of Consumer Counsel. Consumer Assistance and Contact/Complaint Resolution Informal complaint resolution, including responses to general consumer inquiries. Divisions: All. Institutional Examinations Examinations of all state-chartered financial institutions and insurance companies. Divisions: Banking, Financial Services, Insurance, Real Estate, Securities. Education, Outreach and Training Proactive dissemination of information about consumer rights. Divisions: All. References External links Regulatory Agencies Bank regulation in the United States by state

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Mackenzie%2C%209th%20of%20Kintail

John Mackenzie, 9th of Kintail

John Mackenzie (c. 1480-c. 1561), or "John of Killin", traditionally reckoned 9th of Kintail, was a Highland chief and head of the Clan Mackenzie. Origins and education John was the son of Kenneth Mackenzie, 7th of Kintail (d. 1492) by his second wife, or reputed wife, Agnes Fraser. The Mackenzies' origins lay in the Northwest Highlands, but the centre of their power had by the end of the 15th century shifted to Easter Ross. John succeeded his half-brother, Kenneth (died 1498-99) in the chiefship while still a minor. It is likely that he achieved his majority in 1501, which suggests that he was born in about 1480. John is said to have been sent to be educated at Court in Edinburgh (pursuant to an Act of 1496, a legal requirement for boys in his station of life). However, the terms of a bond subscribed by him in favour of the Earl of Huntly suggest that he remained illiterate. Dispute over the chiefship Mackenzie's uncle, Hector Roy Mackenzie of Gairloch, had been appointed tutor to Mackenzie's brother, Kenneth Mackenzie, 8th of Kintail, and on Kenneth's death was left in possession of the greater part of the clan lands. He challenged John's succession on the grounds of his illegitimacy, but was eventually compelled to come to terms with him. The traditional account records that John's men surrounded and set fire to Hector's house at Fairburn. More prosaically, Gregory's History of the Western Highlands and Isles of Scotland states that: "Hector Roy Mackenzie, progenitor of the House of Gairloch, had, since the death of Kenneth Og Mackenzie of Kintail, in 1497, and during the minority of John, the brother and heir of Kenneth, exercised the command of that clan, nominally as guardian to the young chief. Under his rule the Clan Mackenzie became involved in feuds with the Munroes and other clans, and Hector Roy himself became obnoxious to Government as a disturber of the public peace. His intentions towards the young Laird of Kintail were considered very dubious; and the apprehensions of the latter having been roused, Hector was compelled by law to yield up the estate and the command of the tribe to the proper heir.” Some traces of this dispute are to be found in public records of the time. An Act of the Lords of Council on 7 April 1511 described a summons issued by John against Hector Roy: "...for the wrongous intromitting, uptaking, and withholding from him of the mails 'fermez', profits, and duties of all and whole the lands of Kintail, with the pertinents lying in the Sherrifdom of Inverness, for the space of seven years together, beginning in the year of God 1501, and also for the space of two years, last bye-past, and for the masterful withholding from the said John Mackenzie of his house and castle of Eilan Donan..." The Act continues: "The Lords of Council decree and deliver, that the said Hector has forfeited the keeping and constabulary of the said castle of Eilean Donan, together with the fees granted therefor... and the said John Mackenzie to have free ingress and entry to the said castle..." Although John and Hector Roy appear ultimately to have made their peace, hostilities flared up again in the next generation. Hector Roy's son, John Glassich Mackenzie, is said to have renewed his father's claim to some or all of the clan's lands and died in mysterious circumstances in Eilean Donan. In 1551, John Mackenzie (9th of Kintail) and his son received a remission for his imprisonment. Estates In April 1500 Mackenzie obtained a precept of clare constat (a feudal superior's confirmation of his vassal's entitlement to an estate) for Kintail and other lands from James Stewart, Duke of Ross. In 1504 he asserted an hereditary right to Meyne, Escadell [Eskadale] and other lands in Ross-shire. He is recorded also as having been a tenant of Kynellane [Kinellan], Scatell Mekill [Greater Scatwell], Scatell Beg [Lesser Scatwell], Kilquilladrum and Mylne of Coulle [mill of Coul]. On 25 February 1508/9 he had a charter of Kintail, Eilean Donan and other lands, incorporated in a free barony of Eilean Donan. There is plentiful documentary evidence of Mackenzie's success over the years in expanding his estates. In 1526 he was infeft with his wife in the lands of Fothirte, Strathgarvy and Killyn [Killin]. He had charters of Killequhildrum on 25 September 1528, of Fotherty [Fodderty] on 25 May 1532, of Kinlochbanquhorie on 30 August 1538, of Laggan on 12 December 1540, of Meklebrawane on 15 September 1541, of Monare on 22 October 1542 and of Lochbryne (with his wife, in excambion for Fodderty) in 1543. In 1544 he acquired half of Culteleod [Castle Leod] and Drynie from Magnus Mowat and Patrick Mowat of Bugholly and in January 1547 he acquired a wadset of the other half of those lands from Denoon of Davidston. In 1556 he acquired the heritage of Culteleod and Drynie from Denoon, which was confirmed to him by Queen Mary on 13 July 1556. A number of grants were also made during his life to his son and heir, Kenneth. Public career These territorial accretions reflected both the travails of Mackenzie's competitors and the full part played by him in the public life of his time. He fought at the Battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513 and is said in the traditional account to have been taken prisoner and to have subsequently escaped. Be that as it may, Mackenzie was soon after appointed a lieutenant or guardian of Wester Ross in response to Sir Donald Macdonald of Lochalsh's arrogation of the Lordship of the Isles. In 1515, he seized the royal castle at Dingwall, but professed his willingness to surrender it to anyone appointed by the Regent, the Duke of Albany. In 1532, he was included in a commission by James V for suppressing disorder among the Clan Mackintosh. On 13 December 1545, at Dingwall, the Earl of Sutherland entered into a bond of manrent with Mackenzie for mutual defence against all enemies, reserving only their allegiance to Queen Mary. Two years later, although by then an old man, he joined the muster called by the Earl of Arran at Musselburgh for the Queen's protection and took part in the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, where he was again captured - and on this occasion released, after the payment of a considerable ransom. Mackenzie died in 1561 and was buried at Beauly Priory. Family Mackenzie married Elizabeth, said to have been a daughter of John Grant, 2nd of Freuchie. By her, he had a son, his successor, Kenneth Mackenzie, 10th of Kintail. References Line of Chiefs John History of the Scottish Highlands 1480 births 1560s deaths Year of birth uncertain Year of death uncertain