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s2k9xx

askengineers_train

In a typical day or even week, how many hours are you doing actual work? My job has a lot of down time and I’m always trying to find things to do or read up on when I’m not busy. Curious to see how other engineers are at their job

hsf32x0

hsffkrn

First couple jobs, probably like 8 hours a week. Finally at a place where I can actually do things, and it's still under 40 hours. Probably closer to 30ish when busy, but that'll drop off when not busy.

I'd say in a given week I probably only do about 15 minutes of real, actual, work.

sf53lr

askbaking_train

What's your secret ingredient/technique for chocolate chip cookies? Just like the title says what's your secret ingredient or technique for chocolate chip cookies to make them taste better? I know to brown butter and use quality ingredients, but is there anything else I can do to make my cookies taste better? Thanks.

hunxsc6

huoen1p

Dark brown sugar

Brown your butter but then let it firm back up to softened butter consistency. That way you get the flavor of brown butter but the consistency of creamed butter cookies. That and a teaspoon of cornstarch and half teaspoon of espresso powder. Everyone loves them. And chopped chocolate. Those little almost powder bits make the cookie.

jhbwk1

askphilosophy_train

How did Martin Heidegger react to the Holocaust and the end of Nationalsocialism?

g9xzl92

g9zc6dm

Was Heidegger an advocate of national socialism? I wasn’t aware but I haven’t read too much of him to be fair

I am very interested in philosophers that seemed to betray their own theory. Is there any reading I can do on Heidegger that delves into the disconnect between his system for authenticity and his involvement with the Naziparty, and how that happened? It seems like such a betrayal to Being and Time, but I could be wrong since I'm not well-versed in his works.

v57o7m

explainlikeimfive_train

Eli5: Why do muscles work? Like how does a blob of meat let you be able to move your bones and more

ib89qph

ib87o6o

Muscles are basically bundles of fibers that can contract. A muscle fiber is a long chain of comb like structures that fit into each other, like when you interlock the fingers of both your hands. When you apply electricity to these fibers, the comb structures slide into each other, so the fiber as a whole gets shorter, and the muscle contracts. This is also why often people who get electrocuted can't just let go, their muscles are overloaded with electricity and they cramp up. The only way a muscle can 'un contract' is when another muscle pulls it in the other direction. So muscles come in pairs, one for each direction. The typical 'wiry' structure of meat is these muscle fibers.

Muscles move bones by being connected with tendons and ligaments. Any movement of a muscle expands or contracts them and thus moves that body part. It’s really that simple.

hnj5pr

askdocs_train

Do I have an eating disorder? I don’t feel motivated to eat as much as my body needs for some reason. 19f, 5’2, 116 lbs, white. Currently diagnosed with iron deficiency and general anxiety disorder. No prescription or recreational drug use. For the past few months, I have not felt the need to eat as much as I probably should. I don’t really like eating, and even when I’m hungry I’ll often decide “eh, I don’t really feel like eating right now” and just go hungry. I frequently skip meals and often go to bed on an empty stomach because I just don’t feel like I need food. I feel like I basically have to force myself to eat sometimes. I think my health is starting to suffer. I know my current weight is healthy for my height, but this month is the first time since I was 14 that I weigh less than 120 pounds. I’m used to weighing about ten pounds more than I currently weigh. I feel malnourished. I’m always, always, always tired and I frequently feel ill. I want to be able to eat more. I’m not trying to lose weight, and I want to be adequately nourished. I don’t know why my brain has decided that I need less food than I actually do. Is there a name for the situation I’m in? Who should I talk to to figure out what my problem is and how to treat it? Thanks in advance for any advice.

fxcimxv

fxchhgn

Loss of appetite is a symptom of depression and anxiety. Typically, if you are not eating less/restricting to lose weight or gain a sense of control then its not an eating disorder. I say this as someone who is coming to terms with the fact that I actually have one and its not just depression and anxiety. Also, an iron deficiency can make you incredibly tired and chronic exhaustion can factor into loss of appetite as well. The best advice I can offer is to try and eat on a scheduled. Not full on meals but set a timer and do your best to have some kind of snack every time it goes off. For me, eating big meals is daunting but a granola bar every couple of hours is doable. Also look into a therapist as well as medication to manage the symptoms you know you are dealing with in relation to what has been diagnosed. Once you start feeling better you can very easily 'go back to normal' as far as your appetite goes.

Not a doctor but I relate to this very hard. It used to from my stimulants I take for ADHD. But then when I would go off it, I would eat everything I see to make up for the food I didn’t eat. But since quarantine, I’ve been off my stimulants, but not at all hungry. I went days without eating at one point. And on the days I did eat I would only eat sunflower seeds or a few nuts. But about a week ago, I started really forcing myself eat, and since then I’ve actually been a little more hungry and willing to eat. Idk what caused my lack of appetite but I’ve had it before when I was in middle school before I was on stimulants. I think it might have something to do with my anxiety, so yours may to. Tbh what really helped me to start eating again is smoking weed. Since quarantine I lost 20 pounds (and I was already low weight). But over the last week I’ve already regained 10. I’m not saying u should go start smoking unless that’s what u want but it did work for me. But you should go see a doctor since it’s taking a toll on you.

6f5ku9

explainlikeimfive_train

Explain like I'm five years old: Why does background noise seem to calm some people? For example keeping the tv on when not even watching it when trying to sleep.

difs09m

difwia0

I think for some people (and I have found this myself, particularly after splitting with my ex) voices in the background help one relax, and feel less alone or agitated. It's a sort of comforting presence that can help people deal with loneliness.

While white noise is indeed monotonous and can mask out other noise, the sound of TV is quite different. There can be music, talking, silence, sudden changes in rhythm, or anything really. I've found that there are certain people who particularly require the sound of TV or the sound of traffic to fall asleep, and other types of sound, like white noise, won't do it for them. It's not just any kind of noise that some people need, but very particular kinds of sound. My theory is that those who need TV to fall asleep may have grown up in homes where parents would watch TV late into the night while the child slept. So they came to associate the sound of TV with the comfort of being home and their parents being around as a source of comfort. To them, silence would mean that no one is home or that the parents are sleeping - leaving them vulnerable and unprotected against whatever a child may be afraid of. Then this gets carried over into adulthood.

jok5cf

askculinary_train

Thanksgiving might be a little weird this year. We'll help you get ready Every year we try to help everybody who celebrates Thanksgiving make their food a little better. This year, there'll be new families cooking their thanksgiving dinner for the first time, and there'll probably be smaller gatherings, and people who want to try new things. Want to gameplan your meal? Think about some new dishes? Start prepping real, real early? Talk about it here.

gbaq6tc

gb8m9rh

This is more of a turkey tip but every year instead of roasting my turkey hole I break it down into its pieces and put a dry rub on it and let it sit in the fridge overnight to draw out juices in the skin and every year I end up with a really flavorful turkey that cooks super quick and is super juicy with crispy skin.

My family only consists of 4 people, who are currently all living together so we’ll be able to do our usual thing without being effected by the rona. That said, we don’t really do much since it’s just the 4 of us. Our menu will probably be: Baby back ribs Baked beans Mac and cheese Cheesecake Homemade ice cream

arzhmu

askculinary_train

Weekly Discussion - Shopping at the Asian Grocery Most every American city, and a surprising number of smaller towns, has at least one grocery store catering to the local east Asian community. Mostly stocked with Chinese ingredients, but often with a good supply of Korean or Japanese products depending on the local demographics. With very little labeled in English, they can be mysterious and intimidating for non-Asians who want to broaden their culinary horizons. This week, I'd like to assemble a guide for those who are considering venturing to their local Asian grocery for the first time. What ingredients are worth making the trip for? What are your shopping strategies to ensure you come home with the makings of a meal? Do you have advice on soliciting help from staff with whom you don't share a language? How do you make sense of the array of soy sauces, unfamiliar vegetables, and tofu variants?

egrqw1e

egqwcbe

I haven't seen anyone mention the snacks. Every time I go to the Asian grocery, I grab what I need, plus a random snack. One time it might be shrimp chips, another time dried squid snacks. They have the most interesting snacks. One of my favorite has been mee goreng potato chips.

Bulgogi marinade, gochujang hot pepper paste, and chili garlic sauce. My favorite Asian market also has a stand that sells the most amazing steam buns. God, I could live off those things.

zne2rg

asksciencefiction_train

[Star Wars] Can a person with normal force in him learn to use the lightsaber skillfully as a samurai? Asking for a friend…

j0gh0qk

j0gq88y

Pick up a flashlight. Turn it on. Swing it around, anything the light beam touches gets cut. Every time you spin it like a Jedi and the beam touches some part of your body, that is you cutting yourself.

IIRC in the LoTF series Bobafett basically taught Jaina Solo how to fight dirty in lightsaber combat to take down her brother. Mandalorians in canon use the darksaber but yeah, as with any melee weapon, you can become proficient with it with enough practice and dedication. similar to IRL monks. However they will never be at the level where they can deflect blaster bolts reliably ( maybe getting lucky and reading the aim well), or go toe to toe with comparatively trained Jedi.

q1d0i2

changemyview_train

CMV: Pronouns are great, but the over the top pronouns are doing more harm than people realize. So pronouns are great, and I think workplaces, and schools, etc asking the people what their pronouns are, is also great. * He/Him * She/Her * They/Them * Xe/xem However, recently there has been an uptick in people, mainly younger persons, going by Bug/Bugself, God/Godself, Kitten/Kittenself etc. To me, those are nicknames, they arent your actual pronouns. You cant sit there and expect someone to call you that, and get mad when they dont. Some people arent comfortable calling you a god, or a kitten, and its not transphobic for someone to not do that. Its not a big deal, and Ill respect them If I'm comfortable with them. But this just does more harm to the community than anything. It makes those people who use alternative pronouns, look bad. I'm even fine with neoprounons like xe/xem, but I cant bring myself to refer to you as "God' or "Kitten", and I guess I feel that you can't tell me that's legitimately how you identify. It seems like its making a mockery of actual nonbinary persons who use alternative pronouns, and just does more harm than anything.

hfeftul

hfeb2zp

Honestly, I think most of the forcefully unusual (that is, on purpose) pronouns that people use are largely just younger people being young, and if you'd ask me, I'd be willing to bet that in 5 years they'll, for lack of a better term, grow out of it. While I am apprehensive about odd neopronouns and using them, if someone doesn't have a more "usual" preferred pronoun (e.g. people who go by he, they and bug) then I guess I'd use it just to be respectful. I think the whole neopronouns issue is largely irrelevant to most people, and is only brought up to cause friction within a group (think of it - how many people have you interacted with who were "against" Neopronouns in some fashion vs. people who actually use them). Because of this, I tend to not concern myself with it much, lest it occupy my precious brain space. In general I have found that concerning yourself with irrelevant matters is largely useless.

It strikes me as an arbitrary position to be in favor pronoun declaration and neo pronouns like xe/ze and not other ones. Once you get into more than one non-binary (being good with both xe & they makes two non-binary), you’ve opened the door into fuzzer distinctions that are closer to personality. If you open that door, it’s not very tenable to have a fuzzy line of what’s “too much” for you. It strikes me as more reasonable and more logically consistent to say two primary genders and an agreed upon non-binary term aaaand done.

c9s2yh

legaladvice_train

Tennessee: stolen iPhone tracked to house, police say they can’t get a warrant Friend had her purse stolen with car keys, wallet, phone etc inside and I’m trying to help her recover it. We traced it to a government housing apartment after being told by the police the location wouldn’t be accurate enough to give us more than a neighborhood. Once the police came back we spotted the purse (empty) next to a dumpster and all of the less valuable items (chapstick, makeup, phone case) on the patio in front of an apartment. A neighbor even said the resident there had offered to sell her stolen phones before but the police said they wouldn’t be able to obtain a warrant to search the home. Is there really nothing else we can do from here? Thanks so much!

et2k515

et2zq6s

Contact a different police agency within that jurisdiction.

LEO here. Not being there and going solely off your narrative - the cops are correct: tracking it to a apartment complex, even closely to an apartment isn’t enough probably cause to obtain a warrant. Warrants need to be very specific, even down to the specific areas to be searched. That said, the police could put in more work to obtain more probable cause ( the audible sound of the phone when triggered by findmyphone app ), or even just knock on the door and ask for permission to search ( not likely ). What about security cameras on the dumpster, perhaps get an ID on who left the purse there? What about eyewitnesses?

o4425a

askbaking_train

Can I use pasturized egg whites for things like macarons? So lately I have been baking a lot of stuff like macarons and vanilla cakes which only requires egg whites, so I thought I maybe could use those boxed egg whites from the shop. Anyone know if they work?

h2f6udc

h2f8744

I've read that boxed egg white wouldn't work as well so I tried egg white substitutes. Anyway, I can recommend using aquafaba or gelatin instead of egg white in cakes. Meringue made with aquafaba, however, doesn't taste quite right.

I am guessing from your phrasing you are in the UK. If you mean liquid whites in a carton with a bit of citric acid in them (US), yes for cakes; maybe for macarons. They need to be fresh for macarons, and you need to shake the carton well to homogenize the mixture. They don't always do well in small quantities, so start your meringue with the swiss method and beat them well in the heating phase to give them a good start before your stand mixer.

oprqx1

askengineers_train

In a single sentence, describe what you accomplished at work today In layman's terms, the work you actually did today (or the last day you worked). Not a general description of your job, and obviously nothing confidential or identifying. Please list your discipline and industry. My job satisfaction has been low recently, and I think it's because I have a hard time finding a tangible answer to this question. I'm curious to see what other engineers are doing. Thanks!

h679e4n

h67hxg7

I am a civil design engineer. Today I worked on sizing a roadside ditch along the property line of a an apartment complex we are designing. We are increasing the amount of runoff in the ditch so I have to show that the new ditch will hold the water and not adversely affect the creek that is downstream. Basically make sure we don't flood the neighbors.

I moved laser beams around until I achieved acceptable numbers.

wcriyj

askcarguys_train

May sound dumb, but how do you position your side mirrors? Like do you angle it so it shows a little bit of the car body without you leaning/turning your body to the mirror? Do you have it so you can just see the back passenger handle? Any information will help. I think I over angle my mirrors if that makes sense and I need help knowing the general view I should have when looking into them

iiexoh7

iif7fok

I do this. Here's a link that talks about a paper the SAE published in 1995 that suggested this to eliminate blind spots. It will feel weird at first, but you'll be sold once you see a car move from your rear view mirror to your side mirror to your peripheral vision without ever losing sight of it.

I lean my head against the window, and put it so I can just see the side of my car, then when I'm sitting straight it shows me the blind spot. You want cars to disappear from from the rear view and immediately appear in the side ones.

cbxodq

askengineers_train

"Engineers can't make decision" - Have you heard that enough? I was at car dealership yesterday and the sales manager there asked what I do for living - I replied I am into Engineering. Now, he was trying to get me into his sales groove and jokingly said "Engineers can't make decisions - Oh! I am just Kidding!!" - Except, he wasn't. I had made the decision of not buying a car from there already. Have y'all engineers come across this kind of situation in your workplace or in general where people think (especially management guys) that engineers can't make decisions? Or is this a general perception about the engineers?

etkcblr

etj7weg

A couple of relevant quotes: **At some point in a project you have to shoot the engineers and go into production.** **The better is the enemy of the good.** I can think of very few projects I have worked on where the result was entirely satisfactory to me, and I have pretty low standards. But they were good enough, and in every job, there's always another fire out of control somewhere. Some of the software I have written was pretty good so far as the user was concerned, but even then there were ugly bits in the code. Most of the software I write for myself is disgraceful, but works. In real engineering my track record is possibly even worse, I am a duct tape engineer.

I've never heard of that stereotype before, but to be honest I can see why people would think that. Let's say that there are two options of widget to choose from. A non-engineer might look at the two options and make a decision based on some superficial characteristics or features of the two widgets. They won't usually take too long to decide. An engineer on the other hand is going to ask a million questions and analyze everything about them, mentally making a list of pros and cons to help decide between them. Usually I try to do my research before I purchase something or need to make a choice, but in the rare case where I don't have that luxury, I have to ask a lot of questions to the sales person. I've had some sales people which seem to be irritated with that because they just want you to make a decision and be done with it, but making a good and informed decision takes more time and from their perspective it just seems like indecisiveness.

dkax03

askculinary_train

Savory dishes that use fresh grapes? I saw a recipe for a grape salsa a while back that looked interesting, and I got to wondering about other uses of fresh grapes, they seem underutilized in most cuisines, since you can potentially use them like a sweet tomato or something. I know raisins show up in a number of savory dishes, and verjus and must, as well as wine and wine vinegar are extremely commonly used, but does anyone know of any recipes, traditional or otherwise, that use fresh, undried and unpressed grapes in a savory context?

f4dnor4

f4cl4c7

Sole Veronique is a good one. There is also a classical French dish of whole roasted quail with a sauce of Demi-glacé and peeled green grapes that’s really nice.

I roast sausages with grapes a few times per year. It's great. I think my recipe came from a Cook's Illustrated in 2010-2013?

96lnex

askculinary_train

What savory dish can I use nutmeg in? I pretty much only use it in fondue and then just a pinch. Are there any other savory dishes that use nutmeg? What about vegetable dishes?

e41ktbr

e41mo7h

Alfredo sauce

I love to use nutmeg in recipes where I would also use sage. Favorites are butternut squash soup, curried split peas, and gnocchi with brown butter sage sauce

ztthu8

asksciencefiction_train

[DC] Has Clark Kent ever gone to the doctor or done a health-check? I imagine it'd be pretty hard for him to disguise his powers when needles can't even pierce his skin

j1hepvh

j1gul11

Medical droids in the Fortress of Solitude. His name is Kelex.

In the show Smallville, Blue Kryptonite would temporarily nullify Kryptonian powers when in proximity, I'd imagine if Clark needed a vaccination of some sort he could have a Blue K necklace or something.

1ydw57

asksciencefiction_train

[Futurama] Why does the crew fly the Planet Express ship in atmosphere to get from one place on Earth to another? The Planet Express ship can fly from the Earth to the moon in under ten seconds, yet they are seen traveling at subsonic speeds in atmosphere to get from one place on Earth to another (for example, New New York to Los Angeles, or the middle of the Atlantic). Why don't they just fly to space and re-enter at the location they're traveling to? It seems much faster than flying overland!

cfjnkk1

cfjnp34

In case you haven't noticed, the Planet Express crew aren't exactly the sharpest tools in the shed.

Might be a fuel efficiency thing. Assuming the crew is paid shit, the fuel is worth far more than they are, so if atmospheric travel is even a tiny fraction more efficient, it could be worth it.

yy9q8p

askscience_train

do we know how chameleons "see" Things with two independent eyes? Is it integrated? Side by side?

iwurz22

iwulsdn

To understand the way they "see" things, you can re-frame what you think eyes "do." Eyes take what is in the world and translate it into something the brain can understand. Chameleons probably perceive the world just as the world is--their brain makes a map of what is 'out there' based on the light that falls on their eyes. By the way, you own eyes do the same thing. You don't see the "input" to your eyes. You see the map of the world that your brain makes from the input. For example, you don't "see" your nose, even though it takes up a bunch of visual space in each of your eyes' visual input. (Close one eye and look for your nose to check!) You also don't see details in the world except for a tiny fraction of your vision (the "fovea" in the center of your visual field). Want to check: hold your hand out at arms length and look at your fingernail and without moving your eyes, try and describe any detail on one of your other fingernails. You will likely discover that you can't. You cant even see details a few inches from what you are looking at. Whenever you look at something, you are looking with your fovea. Everything else outside of the fovea is "blurry" and much less colored. You mind fills in the blanks and you end up perceiving the world as clear an detailed.

I read that they judge distance by focus instead of using binocular vision. Their eyes can be focused for different distances and they know what distance it is focused for. They need to know the distance to use their tongue attack.

pb9l1d

askscience_train

How is the effectiveness of the vaccines ''waning''? Does your body just forget how to fight COVID? Does Delta kill all the cells that know how to deal with it? It's been bothering me and I just don't understand how it's rendering the vaccines ineffective and yet it reduces the symptoms of it still.

haag2f3

hacoo8n

The body doesn't forget and delta doesn't kill the cells that know how to fight it (so the simple answer to your questions are no) The vaccine was designed around the spikes of covid. Our bodies recognize the spikes and know to attack that cell. With variants the structure of those spikes change and so our bodies don't immediately know to attack while there's still a little. Still our bodies have been fighting very similar structured cells and eventually get the message to attack, one way to speed up that message is to give booster shots. P.S my opinion, take the precautions that are available and try not to stress.

Many antibodies seemingly last forever, like polio and mumps. Others we thought would last forever, like the measles, are starting to show weakness. Perhaps because the first generations that got it are old now. Some, like tetanus, we already know don't last very long. So we get boosters every few years. Even some naturally occurring antibodies, like actual measles, are not lasting forever. The "breakthrough" rate of Delta is *very* low. In VA, where they do a great job of tracking, 0.2% (1/5th of 1 percent) of vaccinated have developed the infection. 0.009% have been hospitalized. 0.0018% have died from it. The infection rate for unvaccinated is 12.5 times higher. That's to illustrate how the antibodies help protect you. Even if they don't completely prevent infection, they will prevent it from propagating, so you will have a lesser infection and milder symptoms. Which enables you to recover faster. Keep in mind, it doesn't kill the infection, it keeps it minimized so your body can kill it if needed.

uqxitr

changemyview_train

CMV: The inflation emergency was caused by corporate greed. Full Disclosure: I am a capitalist and conservative. Inflation is caused by pumping imaginary money (debt) into the economy. This money didn't come from somewhere else - i.e. lower spending on military so we can move those dollars to COVID - no, it was new money that we didn't have. Now, here is the root as I see it: During the beginning of the COVID pandemic, many businesses were forced to close - but many larger corporations did not close as they were deemed "essential." These businesses like telecommunications, food, clothing, shelter, cleaning, and other products were able to maintain normal operation (with some physical constraints applied like masks, but they operated). The government started paying stimulus checks out to Americans to help offset the cost of losing their income. **BUT** the companies that continued to operate (Amazon, grocery stores, distribution companies, etc.) still needed workers - so they had to raise their pay rates to be high enough to get stimulus receivers off of the couch and into their warehouse. These companies offered $5, $7, and even $10 MORE per hour than their original pay rates. Specifically, the company I worked for jumped from $13.85 to $19.00 from March 2019 to March 2021. They raised pay rates to get employees, they needed employees to keep up with demand, demand was up because there were fewer small businesses to compete with. To cover the cost of this labor, these companies had to raise their commodity prices. These price hikes are what we're experiencing today as inflationary price indexes. **HOWEVER** this could have been avoided altogether. Many of those companies (Amazon, groceries, distribution, etc.) saw the pandemic as their opportunity to make billions of dollars. They continued operating at the pre-pandemic production levels OR they exceeded production levels and generated record profits. (look - I'm all for profits, that's not what this is about). If those companies (Amazon, groceries, distribution, etc.) would have restricted their production to pre-pandemic OR even lower production levels & used the staff they had available at the current (pre-pandemic) pay rates to do all the work they could do, they would not have made billions of dollars **AND** they would not have increased wages. These increased wages eat into profits UNLESS the companies increase their prices to account for the increased wages. This is what we're experiencing today. Inflationary Prices due to higher wages. Higher wages due to capitalizing on COVID profits. I'll use Amazon as an example as many of us know them and what they offer. They had a corner on the market and were able to sell everything under the sun and deliver it to your door within 2 days (for Prime members). To keep their "2 day" service level, they needed employees. They paid employees lots of money to get to work. What if, instead of paying more money and hiring more people, they posted a press release that said "Due to the ongoing COVID pandemic, our Prime members will receive their orders in no more than 4 days. Once our inventory and labor stabilizes, we will return to our 2-day service." But - that's bad business. So, instead, they increase prices on goods so they can pay workers more money and continue to maintain high profitability AND destroy the economy in the process. I'm not against companies making money, even record-breaking profits. Good for you. But, I still believe the inflation we're experiencing today was due to those profits being generated off of capitalizing on COVID (corporate greed) and NOT on innovation, price gouging, or efficiencies in production. Just greed - higher wages and higher prices. I hope to God I'm wrong and I want my mind changed.

i8u7rzd

i8uh9nw

The claim about getting wages higher to get people off the couch is bullshit. The stimulus checks where are, and not enough to support a country's people.

Many people have said this already but I want to say it more simply. The goal of any business is to make money. Adam Smith wrote: "it is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own self-interest." Walmart does not sell dirt cheap diapers because they care about poor single mothers. Kim's Convenience doesn't stack Flamin' Hot Cheetos because I love them. They sell them because I buy them and that makes them money. Why don't they sell boxes of Cheerios for 100 bucks? That would make them lots of money. Because you wouldn't buy one for $50 or even $20! What usually regulates the highest price you'll pay for something is the law of supply and demand. What that means is a company will lose money of they charge a higher price because you won't pay it. Of course, this only works if there's competition, and while it feels like there isn't sometimes, General Mills and Kellogg's would still rather they have all your cereal budget and than the other. So, in order to increase prices across everything everywhere, you need a force that acts on everything. That's federal monetary policy. Other comments have explained what exactly the Fed has done to mess with the value of a dollar. The amount of physical dollars in the world can only represent a certain value, if you increase the number of those dollars (the money supply) the value of those dollars drops. It's not the price that's increasing, it's the value of your dollars dropping.

skjyxb

asksciencefiction_train

[Star Wars] Why did the Y-wings doing the Death Star Trench Run each get destroyed by one volley of TIE fighter blaster fire? Aren't Y-wings supposed to be the most heavily armored starfighters and can take a beating and keep going? Aren't they expected to take hits during missions due to being relatively slow and lacking maneuverability?

hvloqvi

hvlia4a

>Switch power to front deflector screens. Their primary concern were the turboblaster towers that they were running into. They were weren't expecting close fighter support (as noted by their surprise when the turboblasters stopped firing as to not accidentally shoot the TIEs). So they were literally unshielded in the rear.

For all the jokes about TIE fighters, they got some things going for them. Decent armament are one of them. A solid hit is all it takes for them to bring down a target, and a sluggish target who are even more restricted in movement than usual makes landing such a hit relatively easy.

pgwm62

askengineers_train

What was the dumbest thing you said a product should be designed for that was declined, but you found out end users ended up doing? So I just watched this video from Superfast Matt - a simple Mechanical Engineer and he said his hatred is meetings where you brainstorm the dumbest things end users can do....and plan against it. Now I understand you can't plan for everything, some things have to be prioritised, so I'm interested today in the stuff you designed for that was never a problem, and the stiff you said "Nah, that's too dumb, highly unlikely" and did in fact become an issue.

hbfumdy

hbgfqon

> his hatred is meetings where you brainstorm the dumbest things end users can do....and plan against it. Then he shouldn't work on building stuff for the Navy.

Worked on a tool crib accountability system for a large wind tunnel complex. Basically they had their install techs leaving hand tools in the tunnel. When they would spin up the tunnel to mach 3+, sockets became straight up bullets. Wrenches and such would take out fan blades entirely. One incident had an ejection of a pry bar through the side wall of the tunnel and into the parking lot where it totalled a car. We developed an interlock that used optical sensors in the tool boards to ensure everything was in its place prior to turning on the system. The techs got tired of putting tools away, so they just put electrical tape over all the sensors...

l9ofw0

askdocs_train

Why does it seem like some questions on here get avoided? 23 male. Not mine really but others I’ve followed, just seems like some questions always get a lot of doctor answers (blood result interpretation etc) where others it just seems like no attention. For example people asking about recurring infections, a ton of people ask about lymph nodes that they’ve had enlarged for months or years and they get no response. Stuff like that, genetic questions etc. I get there’s subspecialties but I just can’t help but feel a little frustration for those people when it seems like just want some info not a diagnosis and they always seem to get ignored.

glj9xus

glj5hwr

Just a med student, but many questions fall into these categories (with a lot of overlap) 1) people with extremely specific situations that are already being followed by various specialists who will have way more information than a random doctor on the internet. 2) people with extremely vague situations that there’s no way to answer online (“lately I’ve been feeling very fatigued and having an upset stomach, what’s happening”), or that can’t be answered at all without actually seeing the person or running tests. “Why are my lymph nodes enlarged” is one of them. 4) questions that require specific expertise that none of the regular posters here have 5) questions asking to rule out something that could be deadly—even if Im a full fledged doctor, I would almost never in good conscience tell somebody with severe chest pain that they definitely weren’t having a heart attack, because there’s no way to do that online and you don’t want someone dying because you misdiagnosed.

I’ve noticed they really like to answer questions about vaccines lol. It’s really kind that they spend their time answering any though. It’s like doing work on your personal time for free.

sqwvb2

asksciencefiction_train

[Marvel] I have cancer in an advanced stage with bad insurance and too many people counting on me to die now. Which super being good or evil is the most likely to be able to save me at the lowest cost?

hwodqqk

hwon2wk

Your best bet is probably going to be hanging out by a Krakoan gate and pleading with mutants passing by to put you in contact with Elixir or Healer or another similar mutant. One of them would probably be willing to help for a small level of compensation.

Well, the specific type of cancer matters- but generally, I think cancer in the marvel universe is more incurable. Hard to explain Watsonian- so digress with me. There's an adjacent universe in marvel called the cancer verse where death died and eldritch abominations reign free. I am inclined to believe that this philosophical interpretation of death and cancer leaks into the mainline universe. We consistently see that magic, science, and deep space radiation bullshit are all three aspects of cosmology divided by the observers heuristic. Captain Marvel famously died of cancer, as did a few other super powered individuals including a former captain America, despite the brilliance of earth's best scientists working against the disease. Which leads me to the Watsonian explanation... _____ Well, for the longest time it was assumed cancer was akin to more common disorders insofar that it was the result of failing human biology- but incursions from cancerous beings and the work of one Dr. Richard's suggests otherwise. There is evidence that cancer has roots outside of human biology and that our failure to treat it comes from a lack of tools to combat *whatever* force causes cells to replicate aimlessly without death. Your options at this time are limited. Traditional science has failed the strongest among us, and the price of less traditional sciences may rise as high as your soul.

nejohq

askbaking_train

Bagels... What's the deal?? So I have become temporarily insane, and decided I'd like to try my hand at homemade bagels. But all of the recipes I'm finding contradict one another! I'm really just curious about a couple of specific things: 1: Do I need to use bread flour, or is regular flour fine? Half of the recipes call for bread flour, while the others call for regular flour! Is there a legitimate reason to use bread flour vs regular flour, or does it come down to things like preference? 2: The water bath. In my general internet perusing, I've always seen the bagel water bath contain water and baking soda, but a LOT of these recipes are calling for brown sugar or barley malt syrup or even maple syrup for the water bath. I've even seen a couple where you don't put anything in the water at all! It's my (limited) understanding that the water bath is what gives the bagel that shiny top once it's baked. So again, is there a legit reason to use the honey/sugar/syrup vs the baking soda, or is it a preference thing? I've got a few days before I plan on actually making the dang things ~~and in all honesty I may still scare myself and chicken out before then~~ so I thought I'd drop a line here and ask the fine bakers of reddit. Thanks for any answers!!

gyi8g6f

gygi641

Flour type will affect the texture. Bread flour has more protein, gives a chewier crumb. Doesn't matter too much though. Boiling in sugar water or baking soda will both create a browner crust but by different mechanisms. Sugar/honey/malt will leave a sugary coating on the outside of the bagel which will caramelize slightly during baking. The bagel will be sweeter. Baking soda raises the pH which promotes Maillard browning at the crust. The bagel will be more savory. The main thing I've found with bagels is not to overproof before boiling. If the dough has risen too long it may collapse when it's boiled and give a flat bagel. You want a little room for expansion during boiling so the dough can't be completely expanded.

So there are more than one type of bagel. Depending on the style you do a baking soda or lye bath. Others like montreal use a honey

9s3wtq

askengineers_train

Biomedical engineers of r/askengineers, are you employed and where are you working? I recently graduated with a degree in biomedical engineering with a focus on biomaterials and was wondering where people with a biomedical engineering degree got a job and in what capacity (development, quality,etc). I live in NJ if that is relevant and there are a few major companies that hire bme degrees like Stryker ,bd, maquet although they prefer mechanical engineers. So my question is if you are a bme or know a bme, are you employed and what discipline within engineering are you working in? PS. Don't tell me I should've majored in mech engineering because I can't go back and change my decision now lol.

e8m2v24

e8ludmf

I do remediation paperwork. Go get a masters in mech engineering.

Not a BME but a close friend of mine who was is now a patent lawyer. He did research for a medical university for a few years, then felt like he was stuck so he moved on

fasle8

asksciencefiction_train

[Black Panther] Why didn’t Wakanda do more to curtail or even end the African slave trade? What could they have done?

fj03mwq

fj0eww5

I guess i'd throw in the mixer that there was probably a vocal minority who would want to help but the way their society was setup they had no power to do anything.

I mean there are millions of slaves right now on the planet. Why dont we do something about that?

d562vz

legaladvice_train

[CT] daughter is suspended from school for 2 weeks and school will only let her back if she gets unnecessary therapy. Please help. My daughter is 6 and just started first grade. The school brought in a wildlife instructor to show them some animals. My daughter hates snakes and that was one of the animals they brought. The instructor told her to touch the snake. She said no. The teacher also told her to touch the snake. She said no again. Both the instructor and the teacher began pressuring her to touch the snake and told her they wouldn’t move on until she did. She started crying and ran out into the hallway. She stayed in the hall right outside the door. This is the story from the teacher FYI, so I know my daughter isn’t lying or exaggerating. I got called into school and the principal said that running out of class without permission is an automatic 2 week suspension. When I heard the story, I asked why they didn’t just let her not touch the snake. It seems to me that she had a fairly expected reaction for a 6 year old in that situation. They said that they were doing “exposure therapy” and were working to make sure she got over her “irrational fears.” I asked if there was any way that they could change the suspension, since I can’t afford unexpected childcare for 2 weeks. They said that they would waive it if I could show proof of getting her therapy for her fear of snakes. Frankly, I can’t afford therapy, and even if I could, there are many things that my daughter could make better use of than therapy for a fear of snakes when we live in a city and rarely encounter snakes. I’m furious with the school and also at a loss. Can the school put her through “exposure therapy” without my permission? Would a lawyer help me get her back into school? Are there any legal remedies here? Please help. TIA.

f0jzqai

f0ktxdu

Is this a public school?

Contact the district office. Ask to speak to the superintendent’s office. If that doesn’t get the job done, contact the school board.

vgcl4a

changemyview_train

CMV: Straight white males mostly children will think negatively of themselves in the future and we should try to combat it sooner than later. Let me begin with a few things 1. this isn't me looking or justifying the start of any kind of white, straight, or male pride day 2. this isnt me trying to cancel any pride day or month 3. please dont try to convince me of why your pride day or month is important or needed. I understand them and why they were created, etc. I think that's it for the beginning. I just want to make it clear im not attacking any of that. As prides and celebrations start to grow and become for celebrated I can't help but feel like it will become a problem for straight white males in the future. Not only is it the only group of people left out of this (which again I dont want it) its more about what you are told when you ask why it isn't. If you ask why being white isnt celebrated (its racist), straight (homophobic), male (misogynistic). So i think in time as kids start to ask why they have nothing like that and are told why they will automatically start seeing themselves as racist, homophobic, misogynists through no fault of their own and will then have a negative image of themselves.

id0z0ed

id16wrq

I see what you're saying conceptually, but I don't think there is any evidence that is happening or will happen. For one thing, it is quite easy to explain why pride celebrations exist for other groups and not for white, cis males. Pride celebrations are about recognizing and appreciating groups that have been/are marginalized. They are not an attack on white, cis men; at least I have never seen them as such. As the mother of a very curious and inquisitive 9 year old (white, seemingly cis male) boy, I have had many a conversation about the celebrations and months that honor various groups. I have never needed to use the word "misogyny" or "racism" in any way that he felt was directed at him personally, nor do I believe he has ever been left with the impression that these celebrations take anything away from him or are a negative reflection on his self worth.

I don't think pride or celebrations have impact on kids feeling unnecessary guilt. I *do* think there's a growing contingency of progressives whom practice a particular brand of grievance politics where *every* complicated issue is cast in this simplistic oppressor/oppressed narrative where the former is automatically evil and the later automatically virtuous - an I think that's *really* toxic and needs to stop. But that brand of identity politics has nothing to do with celebrations or pride - you can have the parties without the bullshit virtue signaling. Incidentally, while we don't celebrate 'white' we do celebrate many white sub ethnicities and nationalities. Like, St Patty's Day / Bastille Day / Oktoberfest and so forth are pretty widely celebrated.

hko00o

askacademia_train

What are some obvious issues in academia, nobody wants to talk about? Like inter-departmental politics, everybody knows but people rarely talk about it to resolve it.

fwv6wxx

fwvh1d7

In my experience, there are no issues that people won't discuss. Quite the opposite. People analyze every single thing way more than is necessary.

Probably a popular opinion, but the devastating impact on mental health. From the grad school level to being a full professor, it seems that no one ever escapes the constant barrage of “this isn’t good enough”. No one wants to talk about the crippling anxiety, feelings of worthlessness, and insomnia that comes from being a part of academia, because everyone wants to seem like they’re doing well and have it all together. I think grad students are the best at discussing this, but after you get out of school, no one wants to keep talking about it. For your students, sure, but for you and your colleagues? It’s instead joked about over beers. It’s no secret that the academic world can be incredibly toxic, but I feel like it’s avoided the higher you get through the ranks.

2yeyzy

explainlikeimfive_train

Explain like I'm five years old: How do we know nothing can go faster than the speed of light? Just because light travels 299,792,458 m/s through a vacuum, why do we assume nothing can go faster and the energy needed to do so be infinite?

cp8w8za

cp8yc4v

The speed of light is the speed of a particle with no mass in a vacuum. Of course, as soon as you add mass it slows down. Sounds simple enough. Maybe too simple. I hope I got it right.

Here is a comment from /u/Corpuscle634 that I saved a while back. It really changed the way that I think about how light interacts with the universe and how things move through space-time. **Edit:** The comment was deleted so I will do my best to remember what it said. Space-time has four dimensions. There are three spacial dimensions and one non-spacial time dimension. Everything that exists within the universe has a combined velocity through these four dimensions that is equal to the speed of light. As an object moves faster through the three spacial dimensions, it's "velocity" through time slows down. If you look at light, which has all of its allotted velocity put into moving through space, it hasn't got the ability to move through time at all. So, from the photons perspective, it is created at the light source and is simultaneously absorbed by the object that it "hits".

sa7a50

askculinary_train

Fried chicken coating not crispy? I tried making fried chicken again after like an year, and the covering just didn't get that crispy, craggly texture that lets say, KFC has. It was as if the chicken was coated in batter, instead of my buttermilk>flour>buttermilk>flour coating(the flour had some corn flour). Is it because of any problem with my frying technique or the buttermilk or?? Any help greatly appreciated:)))

htrlv6o

hts35r9

Sprinkle a little of your wet on the flour, thats how to get the extra crispies. Mythical kitchen on YouTube just did a pretty interesting fried chicken episode.

Also, a big issue I've seen is that people don't have their oil hot enough, thus not crisping up the batter properly in extension.

82ajtd

changemyview_train

CMV: Contraception such as a drug eluting implant should be mandatory until say.. 21 and there is no cases where teenage pregnancy is a good thing I cannot see any cases where teenage pregnancy is a good situation or certainly where it wouldn't be better for the parent to be a few years older. In terms of lost opportunity for social, educational and professional development having a child when very young, is never the best situation. Surely having better established parents would reduce poverty, welfare reliance and the likelihood of single paternity? Therefore the logical step of mandatory contraception sounds like the best option. Let's say a drug eluting implant for both boys and girls. And for the sake of clean argument let's say the medicine is 100% safe and effective.

dv8myl5

dv8n2h7

You're never going to get a drug to be 100% safe and effective without side effects. I get that you're trying to make a good argument, but you're starting at a very hypothetical and unrealistic point. I agree with you on the drawbacks of teenage pregnancy, and interestingly enough, the US stands out for its very high levels of teenage pregnancy relative to other developed countries. Please note that these countries don't have higher levels of abortions than the US; many countries have fewer teens getting pregnant in general. Instead of a fantasy approach of some 100% safe and effective medication, actual sexual education that informs teens of the ways to prevent pregnancy could make a real difference. Teens are going to have sex, so give them good advice on preventing the spread of disease and preventing pregnancy. I'll argue as well that teenage pregnancy is not a desired goal of teenagers, and with more readily available birth control from both home and schools, as well as better education, less unwanted pregnancies would occur.

In a perfect world where some hypothetical unisex implantable non-hormonal side-effect-free reversible no-cost contraceptive device exists, maybe, but I'd argue that you can't force an adult to undergo medical care when they are mentally competent. How do you propose we rewrite the laws on consent for medical procedures for adults without setting a precedent that opens the door for serious ethical violations of an adult's bodily autonomy?

8ogln9

askscience_train

Why are there so many volcanic eruptions recently? Are they somehow connected or is it a coincidence? Or is it just new media coverage?

e042s1o

e03vorz

It is worth noting that the current eruptions at Kīlauea in Hawaii and Fuego in Guatemala are nothing new. Kīlauea has been in a constant state of eruption since Jan. 1983. More than 35 years. A few weeks ago a dike intruded further east into the Lower East Rift Zone, causing the fissure eruptions that have been so much in the news. It’s been a long time since Kīlauea burnt down any houses, but as soon as it does it suddenly gets media attention and a lot of people think it’s a new eruption when in fact it’s just another phase of the activity that started in 1983 - just at a new vent location. Volcan Fuego too has been in a frequent state of eruption for years now, with frequent Strombolian activity and often sending lava flows down the various arroyos descending around the summit. Only when it enters a more explosive phase, producing pyroclastic density currents that kill people, does it make the news. Thus further adding to the general impression that there has been an increase in volcanic activity world-wide, when in fact this is not true.

"Are they somehow connected or is it a coincidence?" The Hawaiian situation is completely unrelated to the Guatemalan situation. Guatemala is a point along the "Ring of Fire," a system of seams at the edges of several tectonic plates, which are in a perpetual state of physical conflict. Whether it's in the news or not, there is really never a day of perfect peace in that gargantuan horseshoe of natural terror. Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan, Alaska, the San Andreas fault in California, the chain of volcanoes in Central America, down to Chile. It's rare for somebody NOT to be under present duress along that route on any given day. Kilauea, on the other hand, is a weird hot spot in the dead center of one of earth's biggest oceanic plates, arising from completely different forces deep in the earth, acting upon the central part of the plate from below. Unlike what's happening underneath Guatemala, where the eruptions are the result of the relative movements of different plates. So there's no relationship whatsoever.

olsyk1

askbaking_train

Tips and Tricks for getting those big air holes in bread? Novice here. Made some ciabatta today and while the taste and exterior look of it were excellent, the cross-section crumb was slightly disappointing. Here's what it looks like: https://imgur.com/a/tPLTANP What methods would you guys recommend to get those infamously huge air holes? Especially like at Costco with their square artisan bread

h5igx9f

h5hr1p6

You need a strong flour , more than 14 gr protein per 100 grams and thus longer fermentation time (otherwise it's not easy to digest). Strong flours allow the fermentation or raising gasses to stay trapped inside and make big bubbles. As a strong flour has more gluten in it, it's stretching more before breaking down and collapsing. Regular bread flours is for a short time time raising and if very weak like less than 12 grams of protein per 100 grams of flour, it might not be enough strong to keep the bubbles up. 90-200 watt weak flour 220-460 watt strong flour This if you're lucky enough to have it written in the bag. If not then look up the proteins even though they're not the same thing. 8-11 g proteins pr 100 grams is a weak flour protein is a weak flour has less gluten so ok to bake custard or biscuits or bread/pizza with less than a day time of raising 12 gr protein is a medium flour fine for nearly every that is not so technical (regular all purpose bread flour is normally around this amount) 13-14-15 gr protein per 100 grams of flour are strong flours for long time raising up to 48-72 hours, who can trap inside gasses and allow it to raise without collapsing, slower but for a longer time

You need a poolish, high hydration, double hydration and minimal handling. You should be strengthening your dough with time and turns. Cutting the dough and using a lot of flour when shaping is also important.

76xf02

askanthropology_train

Those who majored in anthropology, what do you do for a living?

doib023

doi0sdy

Got my Bachelors in Anth, applied to grad schools. Got one but no financial support. Managed a liquor store for a few years. Got sick of it, went back and got a second bachelors in civil engineering. Now I do that.

I got a second BA in computer science. On my resume the anthro BA tends to get me weird looks haha

v2s7af

askhr_train

[MI] Is it Unprofessional for a Manager to badmouth their employees in front of other employees?

iaurmds

iauzbsn

I got badmouthed by my manager in front of internal and external stakeholders he accused me of submitting no ideas yet one of my co workers took credit for an idea I gave him so I had to bite my tongue as I didn’t want to bag my co worker in front of everyone.

In general, I’m a fan of “Praise in public; discipline in private.”

fnkq6h

askcarguys_train

What car would you choose under this circumstances? Ok, here is a hypothetical question. If you were to be given any car at any price, with the expenses paid (Including insurance, maintenance) but you still have to pay the gas. What would you choose? However, keep in mind that your current life wouldn't change. You would still live were you live, work where you work and still have the same day-to-day basis routine. Let's hear it!

flag501

flazbfh

The Rivian pickup, no question. It's got it all - incredible utility, damn fast, no gas, and that tank turn? Goddamn.

V Wagon, no question. Currently driving a non-V and it's slow as fuck but it's absurdly convenient in almost every way. The same car with more power is basically a perfect vehicle for me.

y0pvnp

asksciencefiction_train

[MCU] Why people keep saying that Captain America is on peak human level? Isn't he like orders of magnitude above what any man could ever be?

irv90vw

iru32a1

I like to say that what “peak human” means to comic characters is different than what it means to us. The base human in comics is about the same level as a base human in real life, maybe a bit more durable, but that’s about it. Their potential, however, is much higher. Think about Shang Chi, who, through just training alone, can catch bullets. He’s the “peak” martial artist. Or you think about Taskmaster, who can keep up with superhumans because his memory and skill is so great. He’s the “peak” combat strategist. Hawkeye is the peak marksman, Kingpin is peak strongman, so on and so forth. So if Captain America is peak *all* of that, then it makes sense he can curl helicopters or outrun cars. He’s as strong as Kingpin, as agile as Black Cat, as naturally intelligent as Tony Stark, and basically the best (comic) human in every category.

MCU cap is super. 616 cap less so. What 616 does have going for him, is hes seemingly peak at everything without any specialization draw backs. he can run at 100m sprint speed, while having 10km stamina and lifting like a powerlifter, with no drawbacks. Thats something unseen.

ua5xgl

changemyview_train

CMV: The “Don’t Say Gay” bill does not discriminate against the LGBT community First, the bill is called “Florida House Bill 1557: Parental Rights in Education”. From my understanding, the part that is the most controversial is the fact that it prohibits the discussion of sexual orientation and gender identity in classroom settings from kindergarten to third grade. I think this is exactly as it should be. Kids are only 5-8 in these grades. This bill doesn’t limit sexual education in any way as it allows for the typical sex ed classes in middle/high school. Even if you think discussions about sexual orientation and gender identity should take place prior to middle school, this bill also limits the discussion of heterosexuality and cis gender identity, so this doesn’t harm LGBT people any more than it does straight people.

i5vobnd

i5vyy7i

> the fact that it prohibits the discussion of sexual orientation and gender identity in classroom settings from kindergarten to third grade. You then immediately pull the same bait and switch as the bill's supporters when you say: > This bill doesn’t limit sexual education in any way as it allows for the typical sex ed classes in middle/high school. And then start talking about "sexual education". Talking about gender identity and sexual orientation has nothing to do with "sexual education". We're literally talking about basic shit like "sometimes kids have families that look different and that's okay". There is no good reason that books like this should be prohibited from k-3 bookshelves, but that's the kind of stuff that this bill will do. And Democrats suggested amendments to the bill to make it more specific that it was referring to actual *sexual* content, but those amendments we're shot down by the bill's supporters, because they don't have actually care about that. > so this doesn’t harm LGBT people any more than it does straight people. If you don't see how the asymmetry will play out in practice, I've got a bridge to sell you. Either one of two things will happen: Either there will be a asymmetrical enforcement of this where books or content like the one linked result in lawsuits while comparable books about heterosexual parents and family structures get a pass **or** activists start suing schools over any content that depicts a heterosexual relationship, which immediately becomes completely absurd, and while not discriminatory, would be an obviously stupid law. So pick your poison, it's either discriminatory or incredibly fucking stupid. But unfortunately, the enforcement mechanism is just random people suing school districts in court, which is also stupid, as it takes a lot of the judgment calls and places them into the hands of random parents and activists as to who initiates these lawsuits. This law is dumb, and the dumbest part is that if you actually wanted it to do what you say it will do (common sense stuff about sexual content applied fairly), it would have been very easy to modify the bill to achieve that, but republicans rejected those amendments.

What about this situation? Ms Smith's first grade class is having a Donuts with Dad celebration for Father's day. Tommy raises his hand and says "can I bring both of my dads or do I have to pick just one?" The teacher says "you can bring both if you'd like, Tommy". Another kid asks "how come Tommy has two dads?" The teacher replies "well, just like you have a mom and a dad, Tommy has a dad and another dad." Boom. Sexual orientation instruction was given in a first grade classroom. Ms Smith can now be sued, if someone thinks it's "inappropriate", which is quite a vague qualifier. Yes, technically, discussing dads and moms at all should be banned because heterosexual is also an orientation. Do you think that's going to actually happen, or that this law will only be enforced when it comes to non-straight couples? And if you think the bill should be followed to the letter at all times, including for straight people, how do teachers read story books about families? If it includes a mom and a dad, that's implying that they're in a heterosexual relationship and we don't want to instruct first graders on that. So half of the story books in Ms Smith's classroom, most of which teach important values like sharing, treating other people kindly, and other things we want our kids to learn in school, are now banned because they mention Jane's mom and dad helping her learn to ride a bike or Jack's parents who are divorcing tell him that they both still love him, even though they can't stay together anymore. Jane is being viciously teased for having two mom's, but Ms Smith is scared to say anything to stop it because she's worried about being sued. So we have to consider a trade off between the harm that comes from the bill and the harm that comes from not having the bill. It's obvious that this could cause some harms, for the situations outlined above. What is the harm that comes from not having the bill that is mitigating these problems? Are students currently being instructed on sexual orientation in an inappropriate manner? I would need to see some legitimate proof of harms that this bill is actively addressing before I would support it, because of all the new problems I see it causing.

bhf1dg

askengineers_train

When did we decide that a screw or a bolt would be tightened to the right and loosened to the left? As an aspiring engineering student, its something I have always wondered.

elte1no

elstm98

Because lefty tighty doesn't rhyme

Isn’t that just a right hand rule thing? Gotta love them cross-products.

y1ipz3

askengineers_train

Would putting a body in the base or supports of a building and putting concrete over it affect the structural integrity of the building? If not how many body’s do you think it would take. Also any variable like building size or what the building is made of can be chosen

iryaskx

iry2nr7

In one of my classes we were just talking about some ways to remove excess concrete that’s not really doing much from pours in the sake of lowering embodied carbon, eg via empty old water bottles or other inflatables - this sounds like a great alternative, I’ll bring it up next class! 😂

Didn't MythBusters do this with a hog?

wm61ib

askculinary_train

Leftover Hollandaise Sauce I have leftover Hollandaise sauce that I don't want to throw out. Can I save it in the fridge? When I want to use it again, is there a way to reheat it without ruining it? Or is the only way to reuse it to take out of the fridge early enough to let it come to room temperature and that's it.

ijyywj1

ijyu68i

yes, i worked at 2 different diners and i have both reheated and then fixed leftover hollandaise at least 100 times, probably more. if the oils are separated from the solids (it's broken) this will help fix it. put it in a saucepan and heat it up to medium heat. you want the oil and fat to be fully melted so it will reemulsify, but you don't want it to be much hotter than that. Id say about 145-180 f is fine. Maybe hotter, idk, I just know I often did this when it was in the steam table and my steam table was 165. Take a cup of milk from the fridge and put it in the freezer for a few minutes until it's ice cold. Put a splash of milk into the hot hollandaise, and then turn the heat off. Take a whisk and stir repeatedly. And keep stirring. It can take a long time for anything to happen, but it will. If it's been more than 5 minutes then add another splash. You might have to add more salt to balance out the extra fat from the milk.

Freeze it in something that you can make slices and put it on a steak

uzzcmy

askengineers_train

How much work is reasonable to expect from interns? Next week I am receiving one or two university level engineering interns for the next few months. I lacking experience with interns, I am unsure how much time they will likely require for project spin up, education of our lab and technology, and delivering meaningful work. I fully expect half of our time together will be knowledge transfer with no meaningful work being produced. Meanwhile, I do expect some meaningful work to be delivered not just to make my time investment have some gain but for the interns to walk away with accomplishment. Please share opinions or experiences.

iadesvs

iaeoc15

You should expect them to at least try to do things. Give them a bunch of stuff to do and see how much they get done.

Keep an eye on them. If they seem to be having an easy time then give them something a little more challenging, if they look like they are about to fall apart support them to get through it. Never leave them idle or stressed beyond belief. They need to be learning and developing skills. You only have them for 2 months. We normally take a few for a year and they are mostly treated like a permanent employee. Who interviewed them? If this is a repeating thing you may want to be involved in the process.

yw3ppt

askvet_train

I’m being forced to declaw my cat Hey you guys. Recently my grandmother was diagnosed with kidney failure and had to stay in the hospital for 3 weeks for her kidneys to start back up. My grandparents asked that I move in with them to help out but I have a cat who is my absolute best friend. I’ve had her for 2 years and we’ve been inseparable. My grandparents agreed to having her move in with us. Recently they started to worry more and more about furniture being destroyed. They just told me that the only way to keep her with me is to declaw her front two paws. I am in shambles. I have always been against declawing.. do any you guys have declawed cats? Do they change afterwards? I just really need some guidance. When they told me I had to do this I immediately went to the bathroom and bawled my eyes out. Lala is my bestfriend and I don’t want her to be in pain.

iwhlezp

iwhkdpg

Don’t even consider it… Why would they feel entitled to make a demand like that?

There is always a choice, please don’t do it.

yv8ela

legaladvice_train

Wife’s deadbeat ex wants to sign over his parental rights to avoid child support He hasn’t been in contact with his biological child in almost 10 years minus one or two days when his mother passed maybe 4 years ago, the child is almost 13. He’s been in and out of court constantly for failure to pay, even did a few months on work release. Now he only pays when he has court except for this last time when he showed up with a lawyer and got a continuance. Late last week we got a letter in the mail from said lawyer. He’s willing to sign over his parental rights to get out of any past due and future payments. The lawyer asked if our plan was to adopt and to respond with our lawyer’s information to start the process. This is something we’ve talked about and aren’t opposed to but haven’t tried because of the cost. Right now with Christmas around the corner is making it even more difficult. My wife wants him to pay what’s owed but also just wants to be free of him. What would be some options for course(s) of action? If his parental rights are severed, does that also include his parents? The child’s grandpa is a holy rolling narcissist that’s done nothing but threaten us when he doesn’t get his way. Our child also asked to not be in contact with him as well because of his temper, after their grandma passed from pancreatic cancer. Thank you for any help Edit: located in Kansas

iwea961

iwcxjli

The question here is do you want to adopt him financially or continue to receive money from ex? Sounds like you dont have much dealings with him anyway, but even if you adopt, you shouldnt stop him from seeing his child. My point is, hes going to have pretty much the same involvement in your lives until the child is 18. Ex will still be responsible for any past support hes missed, but will not accrue any more if you adopt. Eventually it WILL catch up with him. If it were me, he should still have to pay for the child he decided he didnt want to take responsibility for. That money can help your family a lot or be saved for the childs future.

To add to /u/GingerBeersAndTears' point, > This is something we’ve talked about and aren’t opposed to but haven’t tried because of the cost. Right now with Christmas around the corner is making it even more difficult. My wife wants him to pay what’s owed but also just wants to be free of him. If your wife's ex is interested in having their child adopted, and if you and your wife are on board, then it's in his interests to contribute to the cost. It might be worth approaching him with an offer that you'll carry out the adoption but need to split the cost. You absolutely need to discuss this with your own lawyer first, however. Being accused of buying children does you no favours.

zkibyw

changemyview_train

CMV: The biggest obstacle that developing nations face in the modern world is not imperialism or neocolonialism, but corruption Of course, some disclaimers should be made. Iraq and Palestine for example are definitely the way they are today because of US imperialism and neocolonialism. But nowadays I don't personally see how the West is directly "oppressing" or "colonizing" the majority of developing countries. It happened before, and its effects still reverberate to the present day, but that doesn't actually inform us of what the West should be doing now. Basically, modern Western-led development takes the form of two things: direct aid and investment. All the aid in the world means jack shit if it's all vacuumed up by corrupt politicians. And who would want to invest in a country where you have to pay bribes to do every single little thing? Is it the West's fault that the leaders of these countries are acting the way they are?

j00pweg

j00w359

Well Sykes-Picot and the Paris Agreement respectively drew the modern borders of the Middle East and Africa and put groups in place that were specifically loyal to the former oppressing countries no matter how oppressive and corrupt they are. So even if what you're saying is not entirely inaccurate, it is a result of former colonialist and imperialist countries.

I have two perspectives here. First is, as a post colonial/non developed country you need resources and capital. International institutions like the IMF, the world Bank etc. Are readily able to provide you with short-term capital, under the condition that you "open up to global markets" which usually means selling your oilfields, gold mines and other resources to international corporations. This severely limits your ability to actually Kickstart development and create more capital mid-term, cause now the money you could raise from resources basically all goes to a few oligarchs or out of the country. You could develop without the IMF but autarky does not work for small countries anymore due to technology needing so many complex parts etc. So if you want to be "part of the international community" you have to make a couple of core conceits that force you into exploitative trade deals, and if you don't then you're stuck being cuba/North Korea. Second perspective is there is a difference between personal and systemic corruption. For a semi-functioning political system, personal corruption (as in patronage relations, expecting rewards, cutting up bits of the pie) actually makes them run smoother. The sovjet union had a time when a lot of the functions the state was supposed to perform (like housing, jobs, etc.) relied on you knowing a guy, and some researchers suggest that without this corruption their planning system would have collapsed way sooner. Gaddafis libya, even though he was personally famously corrupt, actually had decent order and living standards compared to most of the continent, which seems crazy if you compare it to Libya now. The problem is in most of these countries, the ruling elite is either a remainder of the former colonial elite, or put in by western powers to serve western interest, or locked in conflicts that are still the result of colonial management (not saying mismanagement, shoring up local populations against another was a classic colonial tactic). So basically we have a situation where yes "colonialism" as in white people gunning down brown people to take their shit is mostly over, but also the west made sure to put a global market system in place that effectively incentivizes the same economic activity that colonies served, and made sure to align their countries politics with effectively what a colonial authority would be, only now its made up of local people. Bonus example: Both Brasil and Bolivia had progressive leaders being very conscious of resource and trade concessions (lithium in Bolivia, finance/trade stuff and the Amazon in brazil). Both of them were more or less disposed or at least barred from running under "corruption" charges that came from US-led institutions (lavajato scandal in Brasil, OAS vote shenanigans in Bolivia) under the auspices of "preserving democracy". In both cases, right wingers followed up and immediately sold trade concessions and lowered regulations on resource exploitations. Now in both these cases the people are trying to vote or have voted the progressives back in power again, but this is how neocolonialism works

pe5hyb

askbaking_train

I have 40 pounds of butter… help! My local grocery store had butter on close out for .50 a pound, so naturally I bought 40 pounds of it. Now I have 40 pounds of butter. Most of it is going in the freezer, but what should I use it for now? I can only make so many brown butter cookies.

havp0yh

hay82ty

So that is equal to about 80 cups of butter, 160 sticks, or 18 kg.

Ghee

kpxtym

askdocs_train

My son often claims to feel hot when it’s cold, and cold when it’s hot. Everything I’m coming up with when searching refers to body temps instead of sensation of temps. My six year old walking around in shorts, shirtless, wiping his forehead and going “whew it’s hot”, and it’s 60°F in my house and we’re running the heater. Meanwhile when we hit 110°F this summer he was bundling up under blankets and long sleeved shirts saying how cold he was. Is he just being a weird six year old (because let’s be honest, they’re all weird at six) or is there something I should be looking into here? We have suspicion he’s on the spectrum but the psychiatrist we saw wouldn’t even test him for it, just had a conversation with us as parents where he happened to be in the room. Otherwise a generally healthy kid (aside from a tonsillectomy for apnea) with no major outstanding conditions (that we know of).

gi1g82s

gi17ra4

Not a doctor but if you really think he’s on the spectrum find another psychiatrist- one who specializes in assessing for autism and ask again. An OT can help with sensory issues.

Is your son overweight, of normal weight, or under weight?

revw2h

askculinary_train

Why do a lot of chefs sprinkle salt instead of grinding it? When I season my food, I always just use the salt grinder and I've never really felt the need to deviate from this method. Yet in cooking videos, chefs always seem to grab pinches of salt from a ramekin or bowl. At first glance this seems like unnecessary work, but clearly they're successful and know far more than I do, so what am I missing?

hoasyer

hoafvkg

Grinding salt from a grinder is inefficient. It's a bandwidth issue. Think of a garden hose vs a fire hose. Also in a professional setting you are cooking in much larger batches, it's very inefficient to be making a giant stock pot of soup and standing over it with a tiny grinder cranking for minutes.

I can’t tell exactly how much I’m adding when grinding versus sprinkled. That would be my only reasoning. I will say that if it’s to finish the dish grinding would be fine but, that’s more a thing I leave to customers at the table. I hate adding salt that customers can do themselves because everyone has different tastes to how much salt they want. My mother is notorious for sending it back because it’s too salty.

juuaeo

askbaking_train

Troubleshooting failed cake Hi r/AskBaking. I'm new to baking and have been following recipes to the dot to make a pound cake, a carrot cake and an almond batter pie, all very good. This weekend I tried following this Pecan and Graham Cracker Tea Cake and something went wrong. It appears like it failed to rise. Taste is otherwise okay (for how it is...). I'd like to understand what could have gone wrong, so I can try to tweak my technique for next time I try. What is the likely culprit here, assuming I followed the receipt directions exactly as given? 2 notes on the ingredients side: * The baking powder I used is this one, and the package had been opened only 2 weeks earlier (and then sealed). * The brown sugar is this one. It's the one we've always had at the house, and it's beet sugar (vs. the traditional cane sugar). Could this make all the difference? The batter was mixed in the KitchenAid with the flat beater attachment for \~10-15 mins at the lowest speed. I wonder if I had to mix it a higher speed to "air it".

gcfinnr

gcg60zi

It looks underbaked.

You over mixed it. Once you add the dry ingredients only mix until incorporated. 10 minutes is way too long after the flour is added. Next time try mixing in the dry ingredients with a rubber spatula instead of the mixer.

kjshsf

askhistorians_train

I'm an "untouchable" at the bottom of the Hindu caste system in say, 1600. What stops me from simply going to a far away town where nobody knows me and claiming to be Brahmin, at the top of the caste system. Or at least, anything higher than untouchable. Without any way of tracking people, or proving who was who, how would people in a town I had never been to, 100 miles away, ever know I was untouchable unless I told them? Why couldn't I just say I'm not an untouchable, what would any of the townsfolk do to verify my claims? Why didn't any untouchables in Indian history do this? Or, did they?

gh0j515

gh76a64

I'm sorry is the answer seems ling drawn out but there are a few things that need to be understood before going on to answer this question. Firstly, One of the problems with trying to view Indian society with the 'caste' lens is that the categorization under 'caste' is a European construct, starting with the Portuguese. The original Indian terms for what the Europeans later on described as caste is jati and varna. Jati in India is synonymous with birth. Jati, while it implies difference, does not suggest an absolute hierarchy or ritualistic distinction. Indeed, jati terms tend to indicate (if they indicate anything) associations with traditional occupation (mostly lost in modernity), region, and language. In other words, jati is often bounded by a regional political and social economy rather than an objective social hierarchy, as is sometimes assumed. Varna on the other hand, is the fourfold division of the society in Brahmans or priests, kshtriya or warriors, vaishya or merchant and the shudra or slaves (These are not precise rather loose translation for those who might be unfamiliar). Caste, or 'Casta' is first used to describe the Indian society by Barros while writing Decades da Asia (If I'm to remember correctly, I'll need to confirm the name of the book). The understanding that the Europeans developed of that of Indian society was that of a complex, rigid & hierarchized system divided within the four folds of varna. The British later on codified the law and the perception of caste was unchanging was further rigidified. The reality was very different from the way the Europeans understood it as. The castes in the Indian society weren't fixed categories which people were born into, but rather more fluid and flexible. This can be seen in the case of Rajputs, who were, initially based on the work of Col. James Tod were romanticized as the caste to succeed Kshtriyas as the protectors and the preservers of the social order. But more recent works have established that Rajput was a category that could be acquired by clans aspiring to rise in the social order by following the prescribed code of Rajput behavior (DHA Kolff uses the folksongs to argue this case) which was based on distant service and ascetism. The romanticized image of the Rajputs was a result of James Tod equating the Rajputs to the Scottish Highlanders. Another example is the use of the category of 'Brahmakshatra' by the Guhilas in Mewar once they become a significant power in the regional politics. One became a 'Brahmakshatra' when a Brahmin traded his role of a brahmin to become a kshatriya by blessing of a renowned guru or an acharya (who is also a Brahman). Guhilas used this to provide more legitimacy to their claims to rulership. Many of the thirty six clans of Rajputs had tribal or at-times even foreign origin. Now the fluid character of the caste can be seen in many other instances in Indian history, but the point to take away is that with enough power, military upstarts could aspire and even gain positions that weren't traditionally theirs's or they weren't born into. Now coming back to the question, for an untouchable to run and pretend to be a brahmin required him to be first acquire knowledge that could help him in the pretending. Here comes the problem of language of literature, which till the end of first millennium AD was Sanskrit and was monopolized by the Brahmans who were the majority of the writers of the literature in the language The women & shudras (untouchables included) weren't even allowed to listen to the language, and even the works like Kalidas' ' Abhijanaskahuntalam' shows the elite men talking in Sanskrit whereas all the commoners and the women talk in Prakrit. So, if the untouchable wasn't even allowed to listen to the language, how can we expect them to learn the trade of brahmans for the purpose of pretending. Another thing to keep in mind is that Brahmans weren't a monolithic caste per-se and were divided in various sub-categories with differing levels of social and economic standings. One example of this is the Bhumihar brahmans of Bihar, recruited by EIC army. The match, EIC and Bihari Bumihar became an interesting combination as Bhumihars weren’t respected as they engaged in agricultural labor, a task prohibited for the farmers, and the EIC wanted to hire a high-caste army. Thus, Bhumihars employment in the army fulfilled army’s need for high caste soldiers, whereas Bhumihars got a prestigious job (EIC was the highest payers of all the employers at the time) and also a caste certificate which they could show off to their traditionally more respected Brahmin counterparts as a show of newfound power and respect. (Forgive me for digressing but I believe it needs to be stated to understand the nature of ‘caste’ in Indian society). Now, from the second millennium AD, the vernacular shift (Sheldon Pollock calls it the ‘vernacular millennium’) takes place and the Sanskrit hegemony is broken by vernaculars which are followed by rise of regional states where the vernacular finds patrons. Another aspect that promotes the vernacularization is the Bhakti movement where the saints (of various castes) start using vernaculars of the common people’s tongue to give speeches and started to ignore and break caste restrictions. Here, the chances of our Brahmin (on anything but untouchable) impersonator are better learning to carry out the impersonating but I’d find it difficult for someone who is part of a Bhakti group like Nathpanthis, Dadupanthis or the like to find motivations to leave groups to return to the Brahmanical fold as these groups already practiced the sense of equality our untouchable craves. Another problem that our impersonator would face would be a spatial one. The towns in medieval India were divided according to the mohollas or colonies of different castes. Thus, these communities were tightly knit and had long chains of personal connections thus making it easier to identify those of their caste. Further, our untouchable would be living in the outskirts of the town and won’t have the material strength required to imitate the higher caste moholla walas in dress and in taste, but also in habit. ​ Sources: Europe's India by Sanjay Subrahman The quotidian Revolution by CL Novetzke Military labor market by DHA Kolff The Language of Gods in the age of men by Sheldon Pollock

While your question has been answered by others, I would like to add further to it. But before going into that, let me state that to understand the answers you've to understand caste itself which unlike the usual understanding as a neat pyramid or totem pole with a clear hierarchy, was far more complex with communities & individuals usually going up & down dependant on their material status. This usually resulted in a system where a high material status advanced the social standing & vice-versa. Let's go through the questions one by one & see how we could do this > Without any way of tracking people, or proving who was who, how would people in a town I had never been to, 100 miles away, ever know I was untouchable unless I told them? Why couldn't I just say I'm not an untouchable, what would any of the townsfolk do to verify my claims? Unfortunately for your plan, there are actually ways for proving that you're not what you claim to be. All Indian villages maintained genealogies *(vamshawali/kursinama)* for the families living in the village. Not only that, this also extended to the people who have left the village/city for better pastures who would in some cases would return even a few generations later to claim their patrimony or a share of it (this has been recorded in a court case of 18th century where the descendants of a migrant returned to the village after 40 years & got a share of the original dues of their ancestors). So if somebody doubts you they could simply send a messenger to your village to verify the claims. And these records didn't stop at village levels, there were nomadic communities who had their own generational clients & thus they also acted as a source of keeping track of family trees. And these nomads travelled far & wide regularly, so if you claim to be from a city 100 miles away a nomad could ask somebody from that village whether they are aware of your family which could lead to your claim being disproven. Aside from the above methods, the pilgrimage centers had their own genealogical records going back upto hundreds of years (my own family tree could be traced to 400 years atleast). So in this case, suppose you're on a pilgrimage with your new neighbors, the local priests could start asking you about your ancestors to keep records which could lead again to your story being proven to be false. So suppose you are planning to advance your status what you need to make sure is that your claim couldn't be disproven. So make it as remote as possible that any verification is imposible. Because your goal isn't proving your lineage. Claiming that is enough. Another thing you need to do is to establish familial bonds with established & respected members of the caste you're aspiring to. This could be through marriage preferably getting the men in your family married to women of families of verified lineage (b/c of the concept of Anulom-Pratilom). Another is to adopt a male from some high ranking family of that caste group. > Why didn't any untouchables in Indian history do this? Or, did they? Actually many tried. Some succeeded, some failed. In fact this phenomenon was so widespread that an 18th century proverb mocked it by stating that **difference b/w a Kunbi & Maratha is 3 good years** i.e. continuous material prosperity could lead to somebody of low origins claiming high status I would like to discuss a few examples of this happening in history in the same time period as you claimed 1) **The Ramnagar Rajas of Daman** :- They were Koli chieftains in Daman on western coast of India who guest came into prominence in the late 14th century. Kolis were a caste of fishermen & were considered impure by the others. The Ramanagar chiefs succeded in amassing wealth by engaging in trade & with the arrival of Potuguese in early 16th century worked out an agreement of mutual support with them further cementing their status. Once that happened the Ramnagar Rajas started looking for a higher status as *Kshatriyas*. So by 1596 they hired a few Brahmins from South India who invented a *vanshaavali* tracing them to a 12th century prince of Kannauj in North India & princess from Yadava kingdom of Devagiri in South. Both kingdoms were highly regarded but destroyed in the initial years of Islamic conquest with a few survivors left & most of their records destroyed. So they were distant enough so as to not be disproven. A cadet branch of the house based in Jawar which still claimed to be Koli was explained as bastards produced through concubinage [sic]. Eventually the Ramnagar line was destroyed as a result of the conflict with the nascent Maratha state in 17th century. But by 18th century, the Jawar branch of the family had revived the Kshatriya claim & explained the Koli origins as a result of a political union made in times of distress. 2) **The Bhonsales of Maharashtra** This brings us to the late 16th century when a certain Maloji Bhonsale started rising in fame in the kingdom of Ahmednagar. He was an intrepid soldier who quickly amasses a fortune & decides to enhance his status by buying *deshmukhi* (lit. 10% lordship) over 7 villages. At this time, Maloji starts to claim Kshatriya status by tracing his lineage to a 14th century exiled Prince of Mewar (again notice the distance, both in terms of location & time). The local Marathas, who are Kshatriyas doubt his claims & indicated towards less illustrious origins (with some claiming that Maloji's father Nagoji used to be a bandit & others saying that Maloji was a simple farmer who chanced upon some hidden treasure). Maloji in a curious incident succeeded in getting his son Shahji married to the daughter of Lakhoji Jadhav, a direct descendant of Yadavs of Devagiri (the same ones in the case of Ramanagar Rajas). The result of this marriage was the illustrious Shivaji who established the Maratha kingdom. The claims of descent from Mewar were ratified in 1730s under the reign of Shahu the grandson of Shivaji. At the same time another clan with the surname of Bhonsale (no relations to house of Maloji), serving as generals, claimed that they were descendants of a later exile from Mewar & got their claim ratified at the same time. 3) **The Raj Gonds of Central India** In the 16th century, in the Central Indian jungles the tribal Gonds started to amass political & military power by serving the local rulers as mercenaries. One such example is *Jatba* of Nagpur, who served the king Tulobaji. Jatba eventually usurped throne & by 1595 was established as an independent chief claiming descent from the *Yadava kings of Devagiri*. In 1685 his descendant converted to Islam to gain the support of Aurangzeb & adopted the name Bakht Buland. But the later rulers dropped Islam & started marrying back into Gond community & supporting the Marathas. They were eventually supplanted by the aforementioned Bhonsales & pensioned off. But they kept their status as Raj Gond & Kshatriyas with some of them still living. Another example of Gonds would be of those of GarhMandala who came to power in later part of 15th century & claimed descent to the *Yadava kings of Devagiri*. This dynasty was eventually ended in 1584 under the attacks of Akbar. 4) **The 4 Prabhus of Maharashtra** While all the earlier examples are of individuals who rose through their military might, this wasn't the only means of social advancement. In the mid 17th century disputes started arising b/w the native Brahmans & the Prabhus. The Prabhus claimed that they were caste Brahmanas, & have migrated to the area from the North. They presented two theories of origin, one claimed that they migrated in early 13th century in a group of 400 families to serve the *Yadava kings of Devagiri* (I think you may notice the pattern by now) as the region lacked learned men; while the other took it to mythological times & claimed that they were settled in the area by the sage *Parsurama, who was 6th avatar of Lord Vishnu*. The local Brahmans otoh liked to claim that the Prabhus were an amalgamation of Shudras who were hired as bureaucrats due to a shortage of learned men. These disputes became so severe that Shivaji made it a policy to always have a Brahman, a Prabhu, & a Maratha in charge of forts so their mutual jealousies would prevent them from forming any conspiracies. But the Prabhus persisted in their claims, & even in 1789 we find a court case which reached to the Central govt of Marathas in Pune & the Prabhus were ordered to desist from officiating the marriage rites of other communities (though they could do so for the Prabhus) & not to prevent their widows from remarrying if any expresses the wish (this was especially insulting as only the Shudra widows remarried). But then again in the 1810s the Central Govt issues a decree to stop the practice of Prabhus marrying into Brahman families by paying exorbitant bride price. Finally, the Prabhus splintered into 4 communities:- the Chandraseniya, Kinchole, Pathare who became Kayastha (a caste which is mix of Brahmans & Kshatriya) & the Bhatt who became Brahmans. Sources for the above 1) *Environment & Ethnicities in India by Sumit Guha* for the Ramnagar Rajas & the Raj Gonds. 2) *A history of Marathas by James Grant Duff* for the Bhonsales of Nagpur 3) *The administration of Marathas by SN Sen* for the various court cases mentioned 4) *Religion and communities of India by PN Chopra* for the history of the Prabhus

31nvl8

askculinary_train

[Meta] Would it be a correct statement to say that Italian Cuisine, specifically American Style "Italian", is very forgiving in cooking....as in that it takes a lot of effort for it to truly taste bad? I mean this in regard to other cuisines of the world, specifically authentic cuisines and not Americanized....

cq3hnh7

cq3ju75

I wouldn't. I've had plenty of bad spaghetti and meatball, veal and chicken Parmesan, pizza?, antipasti, etc.

No, not at all. It's quite the opposite IMO -- many Italian and Italian-American recipes are made up of a few ingredients handled deftly. The results are *often* overwhelmingly bad, and rarely worth paying for. I have a policy of not eating out at Italian restos (with some exceptions) for this reason. There's a misconception that what seems simple must be easy to make, and vice versa. This goes for many international cuisines -- I think Mexican food suffers from this mentality, that it's "simple" and therefore hard to fuck up. Also, there's a vast difference in Americanized [nationality] food, food made by those who've immigrated here, and a country's native food(s) -- not to mention lots of shades of gray. (E.g. TGI Friday's "Asian" salmon vs. Beef Chow Fun at the best local Chinese spot vs. eating dim sum in Hong Kong.)

fp9oog

askengineers_train

What are your favorite engineering-related fidgets? I love having an assortment of good fidgets on my desk, especially for all my virtual meetings now. When I worked at a nuclear power designer I was given a super small pneumatic piston that made a perfect fidget (I sadly donated it to a co-worker when I left.) Now I've got a few machined stainless spinners and an infinity cube. I'm usually a sucker for over-engineered kinetic toys. What's on your desk?

flk3u2l

flk1mbe

Not necessarily a fidget, but I keep my shame on my desk lol. Broken eye bolt, that cost a $60k shop error (no injuries thank god). Broken fin from an electric motor, because what it was rotating interfered with it. A shaft that a wire rope almost cut clean through on a hoist, when the rope left the sheave. Reminds me to think about alllllllllll of the what if’s I can.

civil engineer here, have a small collection of big steel screws on my desk.

zratjm

askengineers_train

Why does Columbia's 'OmniHeat' jacket liner seem to be unique in the market? (Not shilling, I promise) Sorry if this is the wrong place to ask, but it seemed like y'all might know, or maybe point me at some textiles people? Columbia brand jackets often have a feature they've trademarked 'OmniHeat' - essentially, they've printed on a pattern of reflective dots onto the interior liner fabric. You'd think it's a gimmick, but I've had this coat for four winters now, and there's something to it. It's almost like it's got an emergency 'space' blanket sewn in. I want to get something like it for my dad, but he doesn't like the styles Columbia offers. I've looked for knock-offs, and I can't find anything. I've searched for every synonym of 'reflective' or 'thermal' lining I can think of, but maybe I'm just having a moment? Maybe it's patented - but when has that ever stopped anybody? I suspect something about the manufacture is especially difficult, but I'm not sure what that might be. It's quite easy to find coats with metallic/shiny *exteriors.* Is there something about the interior that's special, in terms of manufacturing difficulties?

j12zbca

j1368ce

Okay I know this is off topic but has anyone had any problems with allergic reactions to the Omni heat? I keep breaking out in rashes when I try to wear the jacket, I purchased it before the rash happened and then I wore it yesterday and the same rash happened. If anyone could please help me out.

I've had a Columbia OmniHeat down jacket for almost 10 years and it's still going strong. I remember hiking at -5C with it on and being way too warm! I never found anything like it

maud7l

askacademia_train

For Those on the Academic Job Market This Year: How is it Going? How many applications have you or do you plan to send out? How is it going? How many shortlists/interviews/campus visits are you getting? What are your overall thoughts on this year's market? Anything to celebrate? We all know it's rough out there.

grupttx

gruocbd

This is going to be VERY field specific

3rd year on the market technically, but really 2nd (2019 fall was dealing with a breakup and selling my company that I started during postdoc and only applied to two places). Sent out 40+ applications this year and 1 for a independent postdoc position, 4 first round TT interviews, 2 "campus visits" (last week and next week). Have not heard back from the first one but am hopeful since they liked my seminar a lot, although I had never given a chalk talk and think I did badly there. I have the independent postdoc interview later this week. Overall hopeful since I hadn't gotten interviews previously, but still feeling run down since there is so little feedback and I have no clue if I have a future in academia.

jyhqim

askacademia_train

Re-orienting my career after postdoc Hello everybody, I'm a 33 years old Belgian guy and I'm currently doing my second postdoc after completing my PhD in 2015. I'm in the humanities field (literature and linguistics) and have been living ups and downs in my motivation since the start of my path. I know I love teaching, I know I love networking and traveling, but writing grant applications and doing research have become very unbearable tasks. Ironic, considering that academia in the country where I work gravitates only around this. In general, I lost that enthusiasm I had towards academia and being a professor. I can't stand anymore the instability of my job and the fact that tenure seems a very far and unlikely achievement (supervisor retiring in 9 years). I don't want to start all over again in another country (I've already changed 4 plus family needs) and I'm frankly tired of not being able to plan what's happening the next couple of years. I think it may be time to move on and take possess of my life and my career back. After a boring introduction, here comes my question. I do believe that my path in the humanities did allow me to develop some skills that could be valuable outside academia. What I fear is that to re orient my career I would probably need to "certify" and reshaping them to be valuable in the job market. I have been considering enrolling in a Master in management or doing an MBA. Do you people have some advice/stories to share in this regard? I know leaving is kind of a irreversible process, but I feel like I need new challenges in a more dynamic environment. Thanks in advance.

gd4w42q

gd5b6ju

If you like teaching, I’m not sure about the Belgian laws, but you might be able to go into teaching high school and eventually become a school administrator with your PhD. I would discourage you from doing any more degrees at this point, especially any you have to pay for.

I did something similar after a postdoc. Faculty jobs are insanely scarce, and I’m not competitive in the ways they seek in 2020. Also, I saw firsthand what that tenure-track treadmill does to people’s lives. Teaching and community service are noble roles, but not valued in the modern system. I found a job in grant management that allows me to keep ties with research (and publish a few times a year), while also establishing a lasting career in academic administration. It’s a nice happy middle that suits my personality and skills. And it wasn’t that hard to let go of the tenure track once I got past a postdoc and saw how abusive and empty that life can really be.

75b9iy

explainlikeimfive_train

Explain like I'm five years old: Why do some cops in big cities like New York use horses?

do4ym6x

do5txe7

What about when the horse poops? Is it the officers job to clean it up or is it someone's job?

Multiple reasons, some have already been mentioned in to comments, others haven't. Keep in mind that this is based on my experience working with this in Sweden. Mileage in other countries may vary. 1. Horses are less noisy and more approachable. People can come up and talk to the officer in a different way. 2. The horse still offers mobility and speed. 3. Tradition and culture. In a lot of places, like Sweden (where I live) horses are fairly integrated in culture. People enjoy seeing horses out and about. Not everyone want to approach one, but that's fine. 4. Crowd control. You absolutely do not fuck with one of those horses. They're huge, and on their back you have a trained police officer. It's a force multiplier. I've seen sports events riot like situations where three mounted officers replaced 20-25 officers in riot gear. The fights stopped immediately and people scattered. 5. Accessibility. A mounted officer can move in areas where a car can technically move, but is advised not to because it could cause blockage or congestion. Such as walking streets or shop streets. 6. Visibility. A police forces primary task is to maintain law and order. This is preferably done by preemptive measure, with things as simple as visible presence being at the top of efficiency. A mounted officer can both see and be seen easier. This has a calming effect on the public as well as encourages approaching the officer. We were often approached about very minor things, which didn't warrant any kind of report or anything, but that keeps the public happy and calm to be able to let the authorities know about.

goi1mk

askbaking_train

Is it worth making DIY vanilla extract? Every time I go to the US I try to stock up on vanilla extract because it’s even more expensive to get where I am. But with the current situation I don’t know when I’ll be able to go back and I’m running low so I’m thinking of making some myself. But I recently read a Serious Eats article that said it was a waste of time/money since it’s not the “real” thing. So I’m just wondering what other people’s thoughts are on it.

frfyzft

frh3b8d

I saw your title and was going to comment about the serious eats article. I didn't want to believe it, but I find them reputable. If you're doubtful, do a side by side blind taste test for yourself.

I make my own vanilla. If you make a big enough batch you can divide it up and sell the extra. I usually have a 40 pounder of vanilla in my cupboard. Yes it’s expensive to make initially but I usually only have to make it every 4-5 years.