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dq3shp

changemyview_train

CMV: keeping children "innocent" is detrimental to their development I am M/24 and thinking about having kids in the next 3-4 years. One of the concepts that I've always disagreed with is "robbing kids of their innocence." I just don't feel like time spent being innocent is important to have a fulfilling childhood. Also, kids that did have their innocence taken away early on - such as the age of 4-12 grow up with more maturity and develop better ability to handle complex situations effectively. I understand this could put a lot of pressure on young minds and could have detrimental effects - some situations where I would treat the child as an adult vs. where I wouldn't; If I can afford food, clothing and shelter, then I will explain to my child if we are poor/rich and how it impacts us. If we are barely scaping by, I would try to make them understand that while its unfair, its how life is right now - that things can change. I would teach my kids about death as a natural process if a distant relative died, but I wouldn't tell them their dog died because that could cause emotional trauma. These lessons would have the most impact on a younger mind, I would have to be careful not to say anything disturbing but I believe its well worth the effort. I believe you should take away a child's innocence if it can be done in a healthy way. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ My dad was blunt with me, he ran a business and would come home stressed when his accounts receivable was adding up. We had bills and mortgage to pay and he was very transparent about not being able to meet payments. It made me value money more, question why things cost as much as they do and I think I have a better understanding than others from an early age. While it did cause stress, it gave me a head start when compared to the blissfully ignorant kids that could not understand why their parents wouldn't buy what they wanted - these were the kids saying shit like "my moms a b\*tch." When my dad said NO to buying an Xbox, I understood and didn't pester him, I didn't throw a tantrum because I understood he would have bought me one if he could. My innocence wasn't robbed, I was taught the importance of spending when you don't have it. Later down the line, I did end up getting an Xbox, just had to wait an additional 8 months for my dad to have that kind of discretionary spending (\~$400). Should I not take opportunities to teach my kids about gender inequality, stereotyping, financial stability, death, being born lucky, war, drug abuse, or grandparents going senile? (just some examples off the top of my head). All for the sake of innocence, which I just don't see any benefits to. I feel like it should be my parental duty to teach these things in a warm and supportive environment and not let life be the only teacher. ​ CMV reddit.

f60ysq1

f61e3pf

I have two kids, and I think you are collapsing ideas such as teaching your child values, morals and ethics for a strong foundation for development, and the day to day experience and perspective of "being a kid"; or otherwise not being privy to everything in the world they may need to be privy to in the coming days as a person in the world... As a parent, you do want to do both- providing good strong lessons and ideas at the level they understand, or as they come up in life, so they do not shy away from developmental milestones, but bravely experience and grow from them. For example, the family dog died, and their grandmother sadly recently passed who had alzheimers awhile and lived on the other side of the country. They saw the family dog in their daily life and when she passed, my emotional response about it, so this was the moment to teach and talk and explain emotions surrounding loved ones passing and about what death is. More recently, their grandmother had passed. In reality, I don't believe we have directly told them about it... I think this is because they are still too young to really understand the complexities surrounding the circumstance, particularly why it perhaps isn't as "immediate" to them as a day to day experience for them suddenly changing. So the difference is that we want our children to be "innocent", or carefree as they are developmentally are, and as developmental milestones come up, it's not really a question of "keeping" them "innocent", it's more about providing "back up" or even "shielding" them from experiencing tragedy they are not prepared for or that can be avoided in the sense that they have an advisor to explain parts of an experience or situation or issue that may have intrigued them further or more specifically as they show interest in that particular area of life. You wouldn't want to bring their attention to something they have not been exposed to in some form personally and expect them to understand from your perspective, it takes them bringing it to your attention that it's prime time for a lesson about a particular value, ethic or moral which obviously you have to get creative to really be successful at on the fly. So since you were exposed to this particular adversity, you were also endowed with the value of money and not disrespecting a parent for lack of funds, which is obviously widely applicable in the real world as well. Instead of leaving you "ignorant" of what is going on, your dad filled you in, this has nothing to do with "innocence" as you can see from your peers being less than so for example, and you almost retaining your own in comparison. It's a delicate balance of teaching the values as the come up, and scaffolding on their own experience and understanding of the world. It's all about developing values that have application and make sense; so take the opportunities to teach, but also understand that if you're not "speaking their language" developmentally, then your lessons may not stick or really apply the way you envision them perhaps being. So yes, it's all about consistently building basic ideas about how sharing, caring, honesty, equality, equity, persistence and perseverance can translate to good values to practice in every age and stage in life, whether it's getting good grades in the face of an adversity, or getting a good paycheck in the face of an adversity- you build on where it applies to them in a way they actually can practice every day, and in most respects, it looks cutesy or "innocent", but it's what they are honestly tackling at their social location. It's difficult for a toddler to first grasp the concept of sharing, but practicing the idea adds meaning and value to keep practicing it, in the face of not wanting to for example. When they master these values with other peers, it lends itself to practicing these same ideals they found to have worked in the "real world" as they grow. tl;dr the "warm and supportive environment" you speak of is what most parents seek and what maintaining a child's "innocence" actively looks like. It's a good thing if there is no presence of drug abuse, senility, poverty, etc. in this ideal environment, because it's "warm and supportive"=they are allowed to maintain their innocence or right to have such an environment in the first place; if they lack in one or a few areas, they still have the right to such an environment and can learn that just because they are touched with less than an ideal environment, they still have the right to seek it and understand that they are still loved and supported still. So exposing a child to less than innocent circumstances really has no exact result of whether the child itself deserves to have the most warm and supportive environment it possibly can, which is what we tend to believe every child deserves, deeming them "innocent" whether in poverty or not, ignorant spoiled brats or conscientious, it doesn't matter, they all deserve an "innocent environment"- even if they don't have it; children, being innocent="generally helpless" should be considered first if any improvements are to be made, etc on the basis of without this general and broad support of their age and stage in life it would be absolutely detrimental to their development in all sense of the word.

I think maybe you worded it in a way that sounds like you’re just gonna expose your kid to bad shit, but it sounds like you really mean you’re not gonna shelter them from things that are less than pleasant. Respect if that is really what you mean. I grew up in an environment where I was abused so I was basically “robbed of innocence” because I was constantly exposed to bad shit. But then I was also sheltered from the world cause my mom had like a very evil Disney stepmother outlook and was a super toxic person, but also thought literally everyone and everything else was super toxic so I wasn’t allowed to experience anything ever. So both extremes, especially together, are really bad, and I just wanna caution you.

ev5i7e

askacademia_train

What drama is happening in your department right now? After hearing some interesting tales of pettiness, I'm looking to hear yours. What drama is happening among your department or school now? How do you plan to cope with it?

ffv5d8m

ffulvqu

Adjunct “Ted” is the reason we have “decoy” department parties that no one comes to, and then secret fun ones without him. He gets wasted and goes off on racist and/or sexually explicit rants. (He’s a POC and says this makes it okay.) He gives the women lingering hugs and congratulates those of us who “chose brown men” as our spouses. He calls other POC “stupid” for not starting race-related arguments in the intro non-majors survey course. Ted quit a FT gig to come live in this city with “Jen,” the department coordinator. Following their inevitable, explosive breakup, Ted sent a drunken rant about Jen to the college president, VP, and deans. After a tense year of Ted being passive-aggressively “helpful” (obnoxious), Jen quit without warning the week before school started this past August. Now we’re holding the search to replace Jen, and Ted has already let us know that he’s 1. initiating a discrimination complaint against the dean for not responding to his emails, and 2. applying for Jen’s former job and will sue if he’s not hired. Even if he weren’t a toxic psycho, he’s not the right person for the job just based on experience, and I wish I could tell him to go ahead and sue now so we can get that shit dismissed and not have to come in during the summer to deal with it. You may be wondering why Ted still gets classes in our department. I’m not sure, but I suspect a combination of inertia and passing the buck. Fun fact: I’ll be coordinator next year and I have no problem cutting Ted loose. He’s welcome to file his specious Title IX and/or racial discrimination complaint against me. I volunteer as tribute and dare a motherfucker to ask me the real reason why Ted doesn’t work here anymore. It’s not gossip if it’s a deposition, Ted.

I am responsible for performance reviews in our department. Our Dean decided to add another form which rates each person on teaching, research and service with one number out of 3 for each based on very simple criteria, not taking into account proportions of the above, seniority etc. I disagreed with design of ratings but was overruled and went ahead and rated everyone while doing their other university-sanctioned performance reviews. Turned them in and was told I had to remove any "excellent" ratings as "It won't motivate them to do better". So now I am in the position of handing back forms that tell my staff that someone who comes in really early, puts in huge amounts of extra time and creates 150+ small videos to help students understand concepts (and gets great student satisfaction) gets an "acceptable - just doing your job" and so does someone else who turns up and delivers the same old material for the last 10 years and does nothing to keep current. I anticipate resignations, very unhappy people and a drop in overall performance. Shit is going to hit the fan.

qh9rqh

askengineers_train

How much downtime do you typically have at work? And how do you spend that time?

hidwv3q

hidb1v4

As a process engineer in manufacturing….. absolutely none. I wish I could say the same for a lot of the equipment I deal with.

I work a 9/80 so days are longer. After exercise i still have a couple hours for video games and working on things like my 3d printer. Every other Friday off is something I couldn't do without. I usually ski or do some other cook trips those days

jagn4l

askculinary_train

Weekly Discussion - Soups and Stews As the weather turns colder for many of us, hearty soups and stews are just the thing we're looking for. But they can be trickier than they seem if you want the best results. What are your favorite soups and stews? Are they traditional or your own innovations? Do you cook on stovetop, in the oven, slow cooker or pressure cooker? Can you convert a recipe between methods? How do you keep from overcooking the vegetables while waiting for the meat to finish? What finishing touches (garnishes, dumplings, etc.) do you use to freshen it up for serving?

g8q8yz5

g8q5qip

Technically soup - spent about 18 hours cooking down a bone broth from pigs feet, turkey necks, and some pork butt that had been in the freezer a bit too long. Been using it for Ramen with Chasu Pork Belly. The key for me seems to be a Tare of Tamari, Fish Sauce, and a little Sriracha in the bowl first.

I love soup, mostly because its an excuse to make some savory scones or bread to go with it. Though I am a huge fan of the dumpling in all forms, I don't really have a soup that I make with them. Time to change that. This one is quick, easy and always a huge hit. I've been making this for so long that I don't even remember where it originated. If you're not a fan of shrimp, can easily sub chicken. Or leave both out entirely for a vegan option. **Brazilian Shrimp Soup** * 2 T EVOO * 1 onion, chopped * 1 yellow bell pepper, chopped * 1 red bell pepper, chopped * 3 cloves garlic, minced * 3/4 long-grain rice * 1/2 t red-pepper flakes (to taste) * 1 1/2 t salt * 15-oz can fire-roasted tomatoes * 5 c veggie broth * 1 c unsweetened coconut milk [I use an entire can of full-fat coconut milk] * 1 1/2-lbs medium shrimp, shelled and cut in half horizontally * 1/4 t fresh-ground black pepper * 1 T lemon juice * 1/2 c chopped cilantro or parsley In a large pot, heat the oil over moderately low heat. Add the onion, bell peppers and garlic. Cook, stirring occasionally, until the vegetables start to soften. About 10 minutes. Add the rice, red-pepper flakes, salt, tomatoes and broth. Bring to boil and cook until the rice is almost tender, about 10 minutes. Stir in the coconut milk. Bring back to a simmer and then stir in the shrimp. Simmer, stirring occaissionally, until the shrimp are just done, 3 to 5 minutes. Stir in black pepper, lemon juice and parsley.

ye3wc8

asksciencefiction_train

[DC] How would Joker take it if Batman just forgot who he was for like 5 seconds? No special circumstances, Batman has a lot on his mind, hasn't slept for a few weeks, has a brain fart and forgets who Joker is for a bit. How would he take it?

itvquu5

itwaa8y

How would the Joker know that Batman forgot about him?

The Jokers greatest fear is no one knowing him. He craves attention, hence his sick jokes and overall villainy. And if Batman forgets him he’s gonna be thrown for a massive loop. Joker sees Batman as a part of himself. For Batman to forget Joker is like Joker missing a part of who is he. Devastation to Joker’s ego. Honestly, I’m surprised Batman hasn’t used this as a tactic to defeat him.

bd9u25

askengineers_train

Why doesn't everyone set up a cheap windmill attached to an alternator connected to a few batteries for house use? I know it wouldn't be used consistently, but I would think it is cheap and could save money. Thoughts?

ekwr9h9

ekwrylg

It would likely not be cheap with the cost of the alternator. Plus it would take a long time to recoup costs. That generator probably doesn’t provide as much energy as you’d think. This may be feasible in very high energy cost areas.

I thought about a small windmill. Several thousand watts. Payback was about 77 years. I'd be surprised if an average alternator recouped more than $2/day. A lot of the hidden cost is the structure to hold the gizmo. But your idea could probably be put on an old TV antenna.

csizcb

explainlikeimfive_train

Explain like I'm five years old: How is possible that games like ES6 and GTA VI are being developed with hundreds or thousands of people but they can still keep it a secret?

exfjdmq

exg3ln2

They have extraordinary controls on what goes in and out of the network and what goes in and out of the building. They will usually decrypt all outbound communication to look for leaked code, search people on the way out of the buildings, restrict access to USB ports on computers, 'air gap' certain computers, etc etc. It isn't all that easy to sneak information out of those networks and for good reason. That practically indecipherable code is what pays everyone's checks.

Bethesda don't even have NDA's! If you leak anything, Todd Howard just comes over, sits in your cubicle with his dreamy puppy dog eyes, and says how incredibly disappointed he is in you. A single tear might roll down his immaculate cheek as he does so.

mtizpw

askculinary_train

Pizza party for 15- what do I dough? Excuse the pun, I had to- it’s the law. I have an Ooni Koda 12 and having a pizza party for 15 people. I want to set up a topping bar and allow each person to create their own pizza. The question is, what’s the best way to make the dough? Should I do four doughs for bulk, then divide each of those? Do one BIG bulk? Any recipes I should follow? I typically have been doing Neapolitan style with 00, yeast, flour, water- but thinking I should do NY style with sugar and oil and maybe AP flour? Any tips or recipe suggestions would be appreciated, thank you!

gv0lhuh

gv162z4

I've done this before. 100g of dough per person, make it in bulk. Shape and let the dough get to room temp 2-3 hours before the event

I don't like doubling batches of bread dough and I don't generally try a new recipe when it's for a party. I'd do multiple batches of your existing reliable recipe and make it the day before. Be sure to have extra in case someone has a disaster.

raf79y

askculinary_train

Could I have recovered my mashed potatoes? I made the worst mashed potatoes of my life on Saturday. The taste was fine; well seasoned, added pepper, a little bit of brie, and some chives. But they were gluey pasty mess, barely edible. Here's what I did and where I think things went horribly wrong. My plan was to try using baked potatoes for the mashed. But because of some holiday bazaar gift buying events, I needed to get the potatoes prepped ahead of time. So I baked the potatoes in the morning, let them cool and fridged 'em until later. Several hours later I tried peeling the (now) chilled baked potatoes by cutting in half and using a spoon to scoop out the cooked potato flesh. That ended up being a horror show and didn't work. Next I tried putting the baked potato chunks through my ricer and that didn't work either; potatoes were too hard to push through all them tiny holes. At this point I'm slightly panicking because everything else is done and I just need some damn potatoes. Next I put all the potatoes in a food processor and just chopped them up as much as I could, followed by trying to whip them up with an electric hand mixer and then transferred to a pot on the stove. Added melted butter and then warmed cream slowly and kept trying to whip, kept adding butter and milk hoping that it would cause the mash to loosen up. No luck, just gluey lump awfulness that tasted actually pretty all right, but worst texture ever, basically inedible. I'm assuming that my biggest mistake was letting the baked potatoes cool before scooping the flesh, but was that really my mistake? And was there any point in this process that I could have done something differently and saved this whole mess?

hnhucgo

hniciej

Were the baked potatoes fully cooked? I'm curious how they got too hard to push through the ricer. Just being room-temp shouldn't make them too hard to scoop out or process in the ricer.

If the chilled potatoes were too hard to go through your potato ricer there's something horribly wrong. Either they're super undercooked or you're using the finest holes in a ricer imaginable. As others have said food processor plus whipping is the gluey part...once that happens you just start over.

vmtjtv

askengineers_train

Is this harassment? How do I handle it? So I’m a new-ish process engineer in a manufacturing plant (going on 7 months here). Every time I ask for maintenance support, the lead mechanic makes offhand, “joking” comments about how I “don’t actually work”, how I “always have my hands in my pockets”. He says “you are not my boss but you act like you are”. He refuses to do anything I ask until I go through the proper escalation and get his boss to ask him directly and constantly pokes fun at me being “lazy” or “not working”. The last person in my position would do this type of work himself and I think he’s come to expect that from engineers. Worth noting the culture as a whole is like this. I have over 5 years total experience as a manufacturing engineer and I’ve worked with mechanics and in similiar environments in the past. I’ve worked alongside mechanics and operators for years and never had issues like this. This workplace culture is just very abnormal and toxic. I’m not a mechanic, I don’t feel comfortable acting as a mechanic outside of dabbling here and there when absolutely necessary or on small things that are just more convenient for me to do myself. I never agreed to in my interview or onboarding process. But it seems like the culture here expects me to do mostly manual labor and little to no engineering work, and this guy is leading the charge in a way that’s making my work environment actively hostile. Is this harassment? Whether it is or isn’t, what can I do in this situation? Any advice is appreciated, thanks.

ie39r68

ie3ve0w

That's not harassment. Don't be afraid to get your hands dirty. You'll get much more respect from the if you make friends with them and push back a bit. I spent 16 years in engineering with very little test experience. Then I did a 6 month stint at the shop and started off looking really dumb. I paid attention and shut my mouth at the beginning because I didn't know anything. After a bit, I did which is when people started asking me questions. Commiserate with techs and engineers and your boss and you'll all do a lot better. You can take a semi-difficult work environment and with a little work (e.g., hey sorry about that, I had a long day or need any help?, crack a joke) make it a lot more tolerable. I would regularly tell the shop manager to be nicer to the techs. You won, we get it. You gotta check people at all levels in order for things to be way less stressful.

As others said, escalate up the chain. Both his and yours. Just as an example from my last company, a small (sometimes toxic) company of 150 engineers: RF engineer needs wire bonding done for a high pressure development program, but needs to go to technician's Supervisor and Director of Manufacturing. He and the Program manager got denied. Then the CTO came in to talk the Director of Manufacturing and said he will do it himself if no one else does it. And then the director would have to explain to the CEO why the CTO is wirebonding in the clean room. Not sure if your boss is able to leverage their position but hopefully this anecdote helps.

4donsw

askphilosophy_train

What are some philosophers or ideas in your particular area of specialization in philosophy which you think tend to be misunderstood by those philosophers/professors/grad students who are involved in a different area of philosophical specialization?

d1sxgx6

d1t1jg8

Bayesian epistemology and philosophy of mind is routinely misunderstood by non-Bayesians. There are many reasons why researchers describe people's doxastic attitudes (belief-like states). Some examples: * To explain their behavior. * To understand (explicit, linguistically structured) reasoning. * To capture the (representational) content of conscious thought and other conscious states. People who work in full-belief frameworks tend to be interested in the second and third projects. And they claim (with some justification) to do better than Bayesians at these projects. But they don't tend to do so well at the first project. This is all well and good, but then many of them criticize Bayesians for not doing a great job at the second and third project. And here they just misunderstand us. Except for the hotheads who think we need to do away with full-belief, most people are just fine allowing belief-talk where it's helpful. Most of what we cared about was explaining behavior (which, let's face it, we do a much better job of than full-belief frameworks). And they get very frustrated when we aren't moved by their concerns. An example [famous philosopher's name omitted]. It's recently been argued that credences are baloney, because if people had credences they'd (obviously) be aware of (all of) them and that's not psychologically plausible. Because it's not like we have some kind of magical credence-o-dometer in our heads to tell us how confident we are that it's raining in Zanzibar right now. And ... no shit, Sherlock. That's not the kind of things that credences are, and none of us ever thought otherwise.

Anglophone philosophy in general has a giant thing for misunderstanding the logical positivists. (This is getting better!) I think there's a giant, 300-year old tradition of misunderstanding what Newton meant by absolute space (and I may have gotten into a shouting match with a professor in my department about it recently). There are, of course, reasons for reading him as having some sort of deeply metaphysical account of space. But most of them fall apart under any level of scrutiny. Epistemologists in particular tend to misread Quine's "Epistemology Naturalized." Part of this is the fact that Quine didn't give a shit about what actual epistemologists were doing, and so used the term "epistemology" to refer to the stuff he cared about, but part of it is just terribly uncharitable readings. No, when Quine says "why not just replace program x with psychology?" he does not mean "why not just rid all of epistemology of normative content?"

y17mhj

explainlikeimfive_train

Explain like I'm five years old: How did people maintain their teeth before toothpaste?

irvrlhd

irvqm2r

We didn't need it quite as much before we invented processed sugar. Just brushing with water or whatever worked well enough.

My mom grew up in a small South American country. They used bristly-edged plants kinda like toothbrushes. No toothpaste. My mother & her siblings all have very good teeth - never a cavity, never even a bit of discoloration. That's cuz good teeth are selected for through evolution. If you didn't have good teeth, you died young from tooth infections. It was a common cause of death in the past, and continues to be in some parts of the world.

rnmcum

askbaking_train

What are some of the fundamentals when it comes to learning how to bake? I’m quite new to baking and want to make sure I master the basics first.

hptrmu5

hpt3to4

Read through the recipe entirely before starting

I’d work on a quick bread (pumpkin bread, banana bread, etc), a simple yeast bread, a pie crust, a tart crust, and chocolate chip cookies (just because they’re so classic). Maybe a shortbread cookie too! I feel like all of these have very different techniques but if you figure them out, you will have a great base for learning new recipes!

me1xbm

askbaking_train

Can I use light brown sugar as a sub for dark brown sugar? I’m planning on making a carrot cake (trying to buy as minimal ingredients as possible) and all i have is light brown sugar. the recipe calls for dark brown. is it okay to sub it?

gsddd3k

gsdws3m

I just made carrot cake the other day that called for dark brown sugar. I had some molasses on hand, so I added 1 tbsp, but I think you will be just fine with out it if you do not have any on hand.

To build off what others have said, in a carrot cake absolutely, the taste may be slightly different but the recipe will work. Brown sugar is acidic and dark brown moreso than light brown, so in some recipes there can be some slight difference in texture as well particularly compared to 100% granulated sugar, but not enough to ruin a recipe.

p8llzl

askbaking_train

Why isn’t bittersweet white chocolate a thing? Just curious why this doesn’t seem to exist. I like the flavour of white chocolate, but I do find it can be a bit too sweet. Why isn’t it possible to have a less sweet versions, like you see with dark chocolate. I could see white chocolate used in more context, if the sweetness was pulled back a bit.

h9tau6w

h9rxeut

Because its just butter, sugar, and vanilla? Try making sugar cookies without sugar.... or try tasting vanilla extract on its own. Thats why.

What you're describing is basically just cocoa butter. Try buying some cocoa butter and eating it straight, or melting a small amount of of sugar into it and piping it into molds.

8turi7

askscience_train

If someone gets a blood transfusion, wouldn’t they have a mishmash of genetic material appear in a DNA test?

e1b39rb

e1b1q1y

I had surgery to remove a tumour on my hearing nerve (vestibular schwannoma) in 2012 and was meant to have genetic testing around the same time to confirm my diagnosis for NF2, a genetic mutation. While high as a kite on painkillers, and in the midst of a second blood transfusion to replace the blood lost in the surgery, I asked my nurse how they were supposed to take my blood for the test when I now had the DNA of two strangers in my blood stream. She froze, looked concerned, and dashed off to ask the registrar. Turns out they took my blood during surgery, and so we avoided that bit of awkwardness. Funny thing is, they couldn't find the mutation in my DNA; both blood and tumour sample, even after sending my samples overseas. They insisted it didn't change my diagnosis though. Maybe they lied to soothe my codiene addled brain.

At my hospital, our red cell transfusions are “leukoreduced,” meaning they have been depleted of white blood cells which carry DNA (red cells, in general, do not have DNA). I am not sure how depleted these transfusions are. Sometimes (rarely), we transfuse white cells into people.

zs31ch

changemyview_train

CMV: Henrietta Lacks (of HeLa cell fame) doesn’t really deserve to be compensated and her family is simply trying to extort money from the medical community. For those unfamiliar with the story, Henrietta Lacks was an African-American woman who presented to John Hopkins hospital with vaginal bleeding and was found to have a malignant cervical tumor. A biopsy of this tumor was taken for use in an experiment to try and grow human cells outside of the body. While this had been done previously, her cells were the first that proliferated well enough to be widely shared and have been used in medical research. She died shortly after the biopsy and was never aware I’ve they continued use of her cells and research. Her story raises ethical issues because she was not compensated and her privacy was not protected. This has led to her descendants seeking monetary restitution from various hospitals, companies, and other entities who have benefited from research using the HeLa cell line. Much has been made of this case, especially since there are real and substantial healthcare disparities that negatively impact women and patients of color. However in 1951, medical consents for research simply were not common and the practice of using patient biopsy tissue for research was relatively routine. Some people say that by proliferating her cells it’s as though she was still alive. However HeLa cells no longer look anything like human cells. For example they are hypertriploid with as many as 80 chromosomes. My perspective is that Henrietta Lacks didn’t do anything to further the research, at least not more than anyone else who has ever had their tissue used in research. The only difference is that her tissue happens to proliferate. The use of her tissue also didn’t significantly negatively impact her since she died shortly there after nor did it affect her legacy in such a way that she should be compensated. Even if it did, it doesn’t seem like her surviving relatives would have a claim. Overall it seems they are exploiting a healthcare system that is trying to remedy past racial injustice for their own personal gain.

j15yrqx

j15yxyh

In 2021 the pharmaceutical industry made $550,000,000,000 and health insurance companies made $17,000,000,000 Something tells me we're pointing the finger in the wrong direction when it comes to "exploiting a healthcare system."

>My perspective is that Henrietta Lacks didn’t do anything to further the research, at least not more than anyone else who has ever had their tissue used in research. The only difference is that her tissue happens to proliferate. Well that seems to be a pretty big difference, wouldn't you agree? One persons biopsy may get used in one experiment. HeLa cells have been used in millions of experiments, including in the development of modern drugs which have produced billions in revenue. Now I'm not saying her relatives are obligated to financial compensation, but given the significance of her contribution to the world, I thought we would've given them some good will money by this point. Sure, Henrietta didn't do anything special to have these unique cells. But that doesn't mean she shouldn't ever be celebrated or rewarded for it.

tnjtza

askengineers_train

What's your least favorite part of your job?

i22xcmr

i22f4me

The paperwork struggle to get anything done if something goes wrong. We have a part that was marked wrong, they steel stamped it -04 when it by engineering should have been paper tagged -05. The fix is literally just to stamp over it, and will take 10 minutes. This was a week and a half ago, we’ve spent more than 20 man hours working on validating this fix. We still haven’t been given the authority to perform it… So that.

Meetings are bad, but Outlook can become my life which means less real 'engineering.' Too many small tasks and projects with not enough people to do things well. Oh plus starting a 1.5 hr commute next week for "Return to Work."

4kgfjo

asksciencefiction_train

[X-Men] Why does Charles Xavier have a British accent? From X-Men first class, we see young Charles in a mansion in Westchester County, New York. He lives in that mansion until he goes bald and into adulthood. I know Patrick Stewart and James McAvoy are both from the UK, they're also good actors and doing an American Accent wouldn't be much of a problem for them.

d3ets7z

d3epwqx

In actual comics it makes less sense, he was raised by his British mother and American step father (Juggernauts dad). I think that's why he has more of an american accent in the cartoon, (and in the ultimate X-men series he's 100% American). However Patrick Stewart has a pretty great accent, so why tell him to cut it out, and instead just make his parents canonically more British instead? Also he was able to read minds at a really young age, so if he's constantly reading his parents minds, they'd also be thinking in a British accent and that would also likely reinforce whatever accent he gets as he grows up. I would also think another interesting question would be, why would Mystique not have any accent? She was raised from the age of 8-10 by his parents until 18-19 at least, and she ended up living in England with Xavier while he got his phd.

Accents are developed by listening to the people around us when we are young children. If both of his parents were British he would have got it from them.

tcgd9p

askengineers_train

I am not sure which engineering field i should choose. I want to have a grasp on various fields. Should i major industrial engineering or focus more on specialized fields like mechanical or software engineering?

i0eeqwm

i0epwat

Figure out where you want to work, what type of job, and subjects you want to work with. Then figure out the degree that gets you there

If you want my totally biased opinion, if what you want is a grasp on a wide range of fields, go with civil engineering. You can go into structural engineering (either into buildings, bridges or the often forgotten traffic control device structures), environmental (stormwater, water and sewer, environmental), roadways, traffic, rail, site development, geotechnical/tunneling, etc. The possibilities are endless. The fun part is, if you get into infrastructure, you get to interact with a whole bunch of professionals from fields you wouldn't necessarily think of initially, from surveyors and real estate people to landscape to accessibility specialists to public relations folks. I get to play engineer for a state roadway agency as an on-site consultant and love the interactions I've had over the years, from both design and operations roles.

bpt8ke

explainlikeimfive_train

Explain like I'm five years old: Exercise is supposed to be good for the heart - how does forcing a finite organ to work harder not just wear it out faster?

enxahxm

enxbsvn

If you regularly lift 150 pounds, then lifting 5, 10, or even 50 pounds will be easy. Same concept.

So with regards to this, could someone answer a followup question to what we're hearing - If you medicinally take stimulants like ADHD medication etc., does this have a similar exercising effect on your heart, or is it more like performance doing damage to it, similar to pistons on a sports car engine?

po418o

askengineers_train

Do you really have to change companies every 3-5 years to move up? I'm a young engineer that started my first salaried job earlier this year. I've heard a lot that you have to change companies every 3-5 years to get promotions and raises beyond the 2-5% annual cost of living raise. I'm happy where I am and I'm not thinking about moving right now, but I like to keep my eye on what might lie ahead. Honestly, the idea of having to find a new job, interview and negotiate a contract and then get assimilated into a new team every couple of years sounds exhausting. Has this saying proven true for most people, or what are my alternatives?

hctvo7w

hcu5smj

for pay raises sure. promotions maybe not necessarily.

I've been with the same company for 21 years, since I got out of the Navy. I do think that my pay lagged a bit over my career by not changing but every 5-6 years I have got a significant raise beyond COL increases. And now, because many other EEs have left the company chasing better pay, I am really well paid and I get to pretty much work on the things I want to work on.

yamgjf

askculinary_train

Is using a hand mixer with plastic bowls a bad idea? Recently I made frosting in a plastic bowl. After beating it and scraping the sides, I noticed small pink bits (my bowl is pink) in the mixture. I tasted it and it was horrible, tasting toxic and plastic-y. I think it's my mixer scratching the bowl, putting those bits in the frosting. Is that even possible? My bowls are pretty old though and they're losing their efficiency.

itc6ex1

itdwjet

Yeah, plastic breaks, plus it melts and can burn toxic fumes if it finds its way into an oven for a full bake cycle. Sharp (or motorized) metal directly against plastic is *generally* a no-no in the kitchen. I've seen exceptions made for cutting boards but that's actually the least safe of all because food material and bacteria gets lodged into the microcuts of the board.

Hmm…. Scratch marks, tastes like plastic, and there’s pink bits. Seems pretty obvious to me and I’m surprised you would eat that. Bin the bowls and get rid of that poisonous disaster.

awa9pf

askacademia_train

Did you make close friendships in grad school? I was talking to a coworker and said over Spring Break I'm going to Arizona to visit a friend from grad school and she kind of made a face that conveyed she was confused/surprised. I have a PhD in Biology, she has a MS in Library Science or something like that. I was thinking about and wondered if people who don't work in a lab for their PhD form close relationships like us lab rats do. My experience was spending 40 hours per week for up to 6 years (depending on how much our time overlapped) with the people in my lab. We got help from each other to troubleshoot, helped out when someone was going to lunch/class/weekends, and just in general interacted a lot. Some of these people I became friends with and keep up with them even now 8 years after graduating. Non-lab people with a graduate degree, do you see your classmates much? Did you form many close friendships in grad school?

ehlw0vi

ehlwem0

One of my groomsmen next month is from my program. I’m inviting four other colleagues as well

I'm a non-lab person. I have one friend from grad school. We meet every so often for coffee. I interact with a few others online, but that's it. I think for non-lab people, the experience of a PhD is much more solitary. You write by yourself. You conduct research by yourself. You analyze data by yourself. You teach undergraduates by yourself. You grade their papers by yourself. Also, the few people I know who got tenure track jobs had to move far away, and are constantly busy (or at least pretending to be constantly busy) traveling for research and conferences. The vast majority didn't get tenure track jobs, however. Most of us did not end up where we expected, and I think being around each other would remind us of that. Or at least, for me it would.

z9xwmm

askculinary_train

Using Oil from Jarred/Canned Ingredients for Cooking If I were making a dish featuring an ingredient like sundried tomatoes that comes packaged in oil, would it be wise to use that oil to fry up my aromatics? This sounds on paper like an easy way to impart more flavor into the dish, but I rarely see recipes suggesting it and figured there might be a reason why.

iyjj7on

iyjeuqp

I do it all the time. Don’t waste that stuff. Use it in vinaigrette too. Olive brine, artichoke oil, Calabrian chili oil and of course sun dried tomato oil.

Should be fine, as long as it was properly stored between opening the can and use. I'd run a small test batch, just to be paranoid. Your idea sounds 100% correct, but you never know....

fdmej6

askacademia_train

Conferences canceled due to Corona virus? Are academic conferences being cancelled due to the corona virus? I read that a big physics conference was cancelled last minute (APS meeting). I need to make the final submission of a paper for a big conference in the US this summer (2000+ attendees). Thinking about withdrawing it instead. This conference is not prestigious in any sense, it is about meeting people

fjjfvhn

fjjbroq

I think the real question is “should I finish the submission, given that the conference might get cancelled. Personally, the answer to that might be yes so you have it on paper and can submit. Would I attend a conference with 10,000 people flying in from all parts of the world should it actually go ahead? Hell no. I am not sure where you are from but this is real.

I know that there will be somewhat big conference on inorganic chemistry in Italy. It's not canceled so far but everyone from our lab changed their minds to go there

orjznh

askbaking_train

Making muffins frequently, any hacks? My big baby starts school in Sept and I thought I would bake muffins (or something similar) for her to take, rather than buying snacks from the store. I'll be making them once per week. I'm new at baking, only started about a year ago. She likes muffins and they're easy enough to slap together but I'm trying to get efficient at it and looking for tips. For starters, I bought muffin liner cups because I got sick of cleaning the silicone ones. Now I'm realizing my standard muffin tray is making a muffin bigger than what I want her to eat so I will be getting a second tray and making more, smaller muffins. Ok, so other things that would help : I can't pour the batter into the cups neatly, I keep spilling and having to stop. Using a spoon slows me down and still makes a mess. My bowl has a spout but it still blobs out and spills. Any hacks? Must recipes require 2 bowls but it would make my life easier if I could use one. What makes more sense to do, wet ingredients first then dump the dry ones in? Or vice versa? Am I gonna wreck the muffins if I do this? Is doubling a recipe literally just doubling everything or is there anything I should be aware of? Thank you!

h6ir1r1

h6je24c

i second the idea to use a scoop or measuring cup if you don’t have a scoop but the scoop is easier and faster yes double everything when doubling a recipe

How about using a batter dispenser? As for the ingredients, whisking all dry together then making a "well" for the wet won't harm a darn thing using a single bowl. I'm not a big muffin fan, but found this pertaining to doubling a recipe and the baking soda and/or powder it calls for.

ipi6q0

askengineers_train

Ethics of Leaving a Job Very Early-On I am an electrical engineer that just recently graduated with my BS with a focus in industrial controls and automation. I took a position with a fairly large consulting company before the pandemic began back in December. My start date was then pushed from May to August because of the virus and a lack of work. However now that I have started I am becoming increasingly frustrated as I am being given very little guidance, receiving little to no communication (currently working from home), and very little meaningful work. I am becoming increasingly unsure about wether or not a company that treats a new hire in this way, even during this pandemic, is one that I want to be working for. While sitting at my desk with literally nothing to do I began browsing LinkedIn and came across a very intriguing job opening from another company with whom I had a chance to work with on a project during a Co-op in school. I really want to apply but am worried that jumping ship at my current company is not ethical since I have only been there about a month. Has anyone been in a similar situation or how should I approach this situation?

g4km2qm

g4krlcd

Apply. You’ll only hurt yourself if you don’t! If you are just out of school and receiving little guidance at the time you should be receiving the most, then the best thing you can do for yourself is go somewhere that will! This is the time in your career where you need feedback to learn and grow as an engineer!

I personally did this. Was hired at job, and on day one I took an interview for another. My dad always taught me to always take an opportunity, you never know. Took the interview and didn’t really expect anything. 2 weeks later was offered a job and then 2 weeks later I left. I left that first job because the other was a better opportunity. It paid better, had a better insurance and 401k. I wasn’t too sure what the work would be, but worst case scenario I would be making more money and if I wanted to leave that one I could. Also that first job was boring as well. I thought I was going to be hired on a designer and all. In that month all I really did was fix CAD files or documents and didn’t really feel like I was learning anything. Also didn’t feel like I was going to get anywhere (it was a small company). Didn’t have a really good mentor either and wasn’t really tasked with anything big other than maintenance stuff, so I left. It definitely burned a bridge (especially because I was hired through a recruiter) but I haven’t left this second job since I took it because the quality of life is so good. Also it’s a business, I’m a dime a dozen as an engineer, they don’t care about me. My advice: Evaluate your current company. Is the work interesting? Do you see yourself growing and rising up, and maybe it’s just a tough time right now? Or does the other job sound more interesting and something more you’d like to do? At the end of the day you should at least apply while working, don’t quit unless you get it. Your company won’t know you’re applying or anything so it’s not like they’ll hold it against you. Worst case scenario you get rejected and continue working. Best case scenario? You get a new job. There is little to no risk on your part. Apply.

u2qdwj

askacademia_train

Can I teach student courses using material taken from the internet? I don't see anything against it... But I know that academia is "weird" about re-using material. Basically, I've been asked to tutor a lab course about introduction to image processing in python. As you know, preparing all the course material from scratch is something which is super-long and tedious. I've found two perfect courses, with a full set of exercises and data to run the exercises on, on github, from a very reputable source. The material has a MIT license so I can re-use it freely, as long as the author of the material is concerned. What about my side? Am I (legally or "morally") required to write all the material by myself?

i4lm69t

i4l2wwb

As others have said it's fine if there's no licensing or permissions issue. That said, if your students find out you can expect really poor class evaluations so you may want to think of some way of mitigating that - I'd suggest being open about the basis of the materials, clear about why reuse is ok in this instance and supplementing the basic material with some additional stuff. You only have to spend a few weeks on this sub and I guarantee you'll see a post from an unhappy student whose professor is using material sourced from the internet. They're paying high fees and rightly or wrongly expect more than what they could get free from the internet.

I think that's even better, an opportunity to discuss re-use and open-source.

5bmw1a

explainlikeimfive_train

[Explain like I'm five years old] Why do home toilets have tanks on the back but public toilets do not?

d9prpe6

d9pwj1x

Why do public toilet bowls have that middle part missing? Whats the point of that? Why can't I get that for my home?

Bar owner here. You don't want anywhere people can hide drugs or a convenient surface upon which to take drugs. Also, drunk people love to break stuff. If they break a toilet, the pub can flood disrupting business. Depends how rough your pub is though, mind.

pnh1nt

askculinary_train

Differences among light soy sauces So I understand the difference between light and dark soy sauces, but I was shopping at my local Asian grocery this past weekend and was sort of surprised at the options for light soy sauces from the Pearl River Bridge brand: https://imgur.com/a/g4yG2yL * Superior Light Soy Sauce * Golden Label Superior Light Soy Sauce * Premium Light Soy Sauce * Delicious Light Soy Sauce I'm sure the differences aren't significant, but I'm curious about the nuances of each that would make the company produce them individually.

hcpcpii

hcpb8a6

I'm a Singaporean Chinese who's been cooking for many years. Soy sauce come in different grades. The very cheapest stuff (delicious light soy in your case) works well for stir frys and other applications where the soy sauce is heated, but you might want to get a more expensive type if you are using the soy sauce for dipping. The most expensive stuff is normally used for delicate steamed fish etc. Well, don't worry- get something that is in the middle of the price range(maybe around 3 dollars a pop for the superior one), and it works well for both dipping and stir fries. ​ edit: just to clarify, you can use the expensive stuff for heated applications, just that it would be a waste of expensive soy sauce.

Buy them all, do a double-blind taste with some friends, and then report your findings back here!

ideek5

askengineers_train

Do you have your MBA? Currently I have a masters in engineering but I want to pursue an MBA. I enjoy engineering, but primarily got my degree in this field as a result of the Great Recession (job certainty). I’ve always wanted to have both masters degrees, and do have a passion for the business side of things. I’m also trying to further my career in management, and it seems like the majority of engineers in my company are stagnant when it comes to developing their careers. So...do you have an MBA? Do you have an mba and an MS in engineering? Has your MBA helped you/was it worth it? Thanks!

g28wfjd

g28wlgd

Just earned my MBA last week. BSME and now a MBA. I'm already in management, and I'm looking to transition to a more finance oriented role.

Get the MBA when you need it. Not before.

u9uigq

askengineers_train

What do you wish you knew when starting your first engineering job? Hello! I just started my first position as a mechanical design engineer for an aerospace company that I worked for previously. I was in planning prior to this role and left to finish my degree. As a part of the new hire process (and the engineering group separating from the main company), they have asked us to attend a new hire training/info session. This can potentially be weekly or monthly depending on the feedback they receive. One of the topics for the upcoming meeting is about training or questions you would like to ask. This is my dilemma, I haven't done much outside of read process specs or training material. I have followed along with a few Catia V6 practice modules that I feel like I am getting the hang of. I want to ask questions about the career path or maybe the material itself but I'm not exactly sure what I should be asking, if that makes sense. So, I hope you fine folks can offer up suggestions about things you wish you knew when you started your first positions. It can be any field obviously, but I would hope that I can get some specifics about people doing design work in the aerospace industry. Thank you! Tl;dr - What do you wish you knew when you started your first engineering job?

i5u3u2u

i5uo5r8

How much of my "time" paid for other people's jobs

You have an hourly cost to your company. If you have a chance to spend more money and less time to deal with something, keep that hourly cost in mind. Though also learn enough about how your company's budget and spending system works to know when you are saving time and money or just spending the time dealing with trying to spend money instead of solving the problem. (This is a great informal conversation to have with a mentor or a supportive manager)

zk441m

legaladvice_train

HOA threatening to tow my car Mobile formatting. Sorry if this is the wrong flair I (20M) live in a townhouse complex/neighborhood with my boyfriend (21M), his mother (60F), and her bf (??M). We have a full driveway; both sides of the garage are filled with my bf’s cars, then the driveway has his truck and his mom’s bf’s truck. I park on the street right in front of the house. The HOA is now threatening to tow my car for “safety hazards”, claiming it’s an obstruction to firetrucks (? but it’s not in front of a fire hydrant). They said I have to move it or it will be towed and I will be fined. My bf says realistically, I won’t be towed because the car has to either be actively obstructing someone/traffic or be abandoned. But the HOA has jurisdiction over the block so I’m not sure if those rules apply. Do I need to comply with them or can I fight this? Because literally where am I supposed to park?? I am in Georgia.

izy558j

izz3bt6

You should review the HOA bylaws about parking. If the HOA has jurisdiction over the block, then you are likely correct in believing you should comply. I would likely comply with their request but look to see what can be done so you can park all your cars safely. Each HOA should have a policy for how to handle extra cars and where to park. Some HOAs have a safe list policy, some require extra cars to be parked outside the gates, etc.

I'm not an attorney, but I'm speaking from experience after working as an appraisal specialist in the mortgage industry for 20 years; reviewing HOA bylaws, CC&Rs, shared road covenants and more has been a constant in my life many times 1. For a townhome/subdivision managed by an HOA, the CC&Rs and the Bylaws will detail their parking rules. Unless your boyfriend has read and memorized these, he shouldn't be telling you to disregard them - unless he has zero respect for your personal property or financial strains. 2. HOAs are permitted to enforce regulations on private roads. If this road is within their "subdivision", (i.e. not considered a public road, which would be accessible and used by non-community members on a normal basis as a method of travel through town). Public roads fall under law enforcement of that jurisdiction. Private roads are controlled by the HOA. Sounds like you're at their mercy here. 3. Many townhouse HOAs have common elements and amenities (pools, playgrounds, parking lots) for additional parking. Give the HOA a call and ask them if such a location exists for you to utilize during your coming and going during the days. Don't ask them if you can park there 24/7 forever. That's squatting. They may accommodate

4j5z0y

askengineers_train

What surprising material would cause the most problems if it suddenly became unavailable? Obviously necessities like water, petroleum, steel, concrete or fertilizer would cause major upheaval if the supply was greatly reduced. But what unexpected substances would cause significant hardship if they were suddenly difficult or expensive to produce?

d342tcm

d33yb4a

In WWII the US Army Air Corp took a huge gamble that it would be ball bearings. They focused a significant percentage of their strategic bomber campaign in Europe on destroying ball bearing manufacturing in Germany. After the war they found that the impact on German manufacturing was not as heavy as they had gambled it would be. The efforts HAD reduced the amount of ball bearings available ot the Germans, but the Germans shifted production techniques and were not slowed down by the lack of ball bearings. In retrospect they should have focused on some other aspect of German war production.

Inert gasses. Welding would be come much harder.

ndbo9n

askengineers_train

Engineers who graduated without internships or research experience, how long did it take you to find a job? I'm a rising senior EE, and despite dozens upon dozens of applications, I didn't get an internship this summer. There's a research project I'm doing under a professor, but I despise working on it and I'm probably going to drop it soon. After graduation, how long did it take ya'll in a similar boat to get a job? I've been so stressed about this the past couple weeks that I've almost been unable to move. For context, I have a 3.60 GPA, so I don't know if COVID just has the job market moving slow or if I'm doing something wrong.

gyd6gut

gya8x5r

Degree in EE. No internship. I ended up working for a buddy's computer repair shop getting treated like shit by customers and getting paid beans. I was super depressed. But I quit and got a job serving pizza and made a ton of money. I was able to get better at programming and ended up getting a job managing a WordPress site first, paid like 30k, but I had so much free time. I continued getting better at programming and ended up getting a job making 60k at a services firm. 5 years later I'm a senior engineer making 130k. Fuckin software man. It's ridiculous.

3 months after graduating. Got a job at a start up that was opening an office in the US. I think what got me the interview was my capstone projects my junior and senior year. They also had a design task as part of the interview process that I supposedly blew other applicants out of the water with. I ended up being the first engineer in the US office and they are now a pretty successful company.

zh1ftd

asksciencefiction_train

[DC] I'm a moderately high-level speedster who isn't really a 'hero', I break the law for personal gain on occasion and I'm certainly no virgin saint, but when the SHTF I'm a pretty okay person. Where should I live to avoid getting my kneecaps broken or worse? Currently, honestly, I'm thinking Central City or Metropolis. I don't victimize people when I decide I'm gonna disobey local ordinances, I pretty much never have to to get what I want and if it's unavoidable I'll give up the game. Superman and Flash.... I've never really *met* either of them before, I've occasionally seen them on TV or when a bunch of supers was gathered together for something, but they seem like good people. People with much bigger fish to fry, too. I'm probably getting a little ahead of myself. Hey everybody, I'm Julian, also known as MegaJoule. I'm a speedster, and a pretty powerful one from my experience. I top out at around 3x lightspeed, but I don't have much of that 'speedforce' shenanigans that Flash has. I can only transport myself, have to be careful not to destroy the ground I'm running on, etc. I have the required secondary powers to keep myself alive under the conditions of my speed, but no one else. I like to generally think I'm a good person. When Superman knocked down that building on 19th and Luthor Avenue, back about two years ago in that big fight with Darkside or whoever, I happened go be in town at the time so I did my thing and evacuated the civilians in the building before it finished collapsing. I get the warm fuzzies from helping people, what can I say? On the other side of my coin, though, is that I'm broke as sin. I'm not exactly.... Financially responsible, if you catch my drift. I typically live from one bank job to the next, because they're victimless, y'know? The money's all insured anyways, and damn near no bank can resist a determined speedster. I'll snag a few hundred G's, live for a few months off it, then find another when I'm running low. Part of it's the thrill, I guess, of doing something so utterly selfish. It's fun to let loose once in a while, y'know? Like I said earlier, though, people's health comes first. If I can't grab the goods while refusing to harm anyone in my way, I'm not grabbing the goods. I'm running. This has been a kinda long and roundabout way of asking, but what city do y'all think I should set up in? I already know Gotham's off my list, because honestly that place is just scary. And I don't like the idea of Batman. He creeps me out. My main deciding factor in where to live is, obviously, the local hero/villain scene. I don't really have to worry about getting mugged by Joe Schmoe, but even I don't know what I'd do if Joker or someone like that got his hands on me. That freak punches way above his weight class. Eugh. Thanks for all your suggestions!

izlccr8

izmdr2j

You could be like that speedster that Lex Luthor hires whose sole job is the take him to a bunker in case of a nuke or similar catastrophe

How are you gonna save people in a collapsing building when you can’t protect them from the effects of your speed?

zvrg0z

askengineers_train

Who uses what PLM in automotive and aerospace? I just completed an internship at a small aerospace supplier and they used Windchill. I'm creating a list of full time opportunities and I wanted to map out what PLMs are where. Ford uses Teamcenter, and Boeing uses Enovia - that's as far as I've gotten. What PLM does each car or aerospace OEM use? Is there something that's dominant in either industry? Happy to share the final list!

j1rdohd

j1qr0j5

In general, you use the PLM that complements your primary CAD, especially for smaller companies. Customization and integrations cost a shitton of money. So TC+NX or CATIA+3DX are the dominant combinations in these 2 industries.

Pratt & Whitney uses the Siemens NX (prev. UG) & Teamcenter suite. IIRC, either GE or Rolls also used this suite, ~~but the other was using Catia & Enovia or 3DX~~. I’m no longer in this industry but I suspect that has not changed. Most automotive companies I’ve worked with are using Catia & 3dx suite. I’m still in this industry and not willing to provide specifics. Edit: stand corrected on GE & RR. Seems both using TC.

dd4jqo

askhr_train

Anonymous survey results came and boss wants to hold a formal meeting. I work in a small site (6 employees + manager) and we all share an office. Our company had us all do an anonymous survey about our manager and he is not held in the best of light by us all. Well, he got the results and decided to put all the answers in a spread sheet with the percentages for each and emailed it out the group with just the message “Please prepare for a Monday morning meeting about this”... am I right to be concerned and feel like this will breech the anonymity due to small work group? Past experiences with him don’t give us much optimism.-

f2eoaih

f2ep558

If you’ve already escalated concerns about your manager to hr or his manager you might consider letting them know this meeting is happening.

I've said it over and over, never put your true feelings on a survey at work. If it's mandatory, then only answer with neutral responses (4 out of 5, average, good, neither agree or disagree, etc) and don't leave comments. That is my response as a worker, my HR response is, "expressing your honest opinion and giving us truthful feedback allow us to address issues, grow, and create a friendlier and more cohesive work environment and better our culture". And once again, as a worker - the only time I've seen a "survey" actually improve a workplace was when someone used it to identify a manager who had a pattern of sexual harassment which sparked an investigation that led to them being fired.

1mub5a

changemyview_train

I believe that increasing gun control laws in the US would be an ineffective way to curb mass shootings, because there are already so many guns distributed amongst the population. CMV Don't get me wrong, I do think heavy gun control laws can be (and usually are) pretty effective in countries where guns aren't already so ingrained in the psyche and so widely distributed among the populace. However the US is the most armed country by every statistical measure, by total number of guns, by guns per capita, etc. - it is estimated that there are 270-310 million guns out there already (legally and illegally) according to gunpolicy.org. My thought is just that if you were dead-set on a mass shooting, access to a gun wouldn't hamper you in this country despite any laws, you either have access to one yourself or could get one illegally relatively easily - my opinion is essentially that the situation is too far gone to be able to simply rectify it by increased regulation of the market itself. Go ahead and CMV, folks!

ccd0xzj

ccctktq

Statistically you're correct. Steven Levitt and Steven Dubner of "Freakonomics" have looked at this (as, surely, have many other people) and gun bans like in Chicago simply do not work. What does work, for gun violence in general (if not mass shootings where the person is mentally ill anyway), is adding mandatory extra jail time for crimes committed with a gun, even just while having one in your possession. This has the further benefit of not restricting those who haven't committed a crime and are using guns responsibly.

If you assume gun control laws only place restrictions on guns, you'd be right. However,if you place heavy restrictions on sales of ammunition, existing guns become much less of an issue.

1laxce

changemyview_train

I believe that /r/feminism not only hurts itself with its policy regarding banning users and removing posts, but also shows how little feminists are interested in hearing any opinion other than their own. CMV If you don't believe me, find a thread in /r/feminism that looks controversial and count the deleted posts. Better yet, begin a rational argument yourself and see how long it takes before a ban/comment removal takes place. My own story is as follows... See a thread attached to a picture showing Smurfette from the Smurfs boarding herself inside a room in fear, crying as the other smurfs try to break in and get to her. They are yelling things like "Smurf me!" Or "I am going to smurf you so hard!". The OP of the thread was explaining how this really brought to light many issues on the show. Recognizing that that was a bit silly I replied "Issues like what exactly, that Smurfette is a victim of rape? I don't remember that episode." Needless to say, I was promptly banned by demmian, and was told that it was a interesting thing to ban someone for. Now, I understand that I replied in jest, but it seems like a ridiculous thing to silence someone for.

cbxfq4r

cbxh2z1

/r/feminism is probably mostly run by /u/demmian. He has his own version of feminism that is contentious among both feminists and MRA's. As a result, the feminist community on reddit has fractured into /r/feminisms and /r/SRSfeminism. If you want to make your own feminism subreddit with no moderation, you are more than welcome to. Nevertheless, a subreddit dedicated to a particular interest isn't going to be receptive to criticism when the criticism is often mindless. Perhaps if you had posted more nuanced reasoning behind your denial you may have fared better.

I don't see how is /r/feminism hurting itself? In what way are they doing that? In order for them to be hurting themselves, the subreddit itself has to have some sort of purpose outside of that subreddit. Something like, they want to bring feminist theory and perspective to the larger reddit community. But I don't think that's their purpose at all. I'd imagine their purpose is to have a subreddit where they can post and discuss things relating to feminism. I don't think their policies regarding bans and content do that at all. Now, I will say that feminism in general does tend to have a "circle the wagons" kind of reaction whenever its criticized from the "outside". I don't necessarily condone it, but I understand why it happens. But what I don't understand is why I see these kinds of complaints disproportionately target feminists. Feminists and feminism on the internet are very much singled out, scrutinized, and criticized more than virtually anything else. I really don't understand why moderating comment quality, content, and users on a private subreddit is somehow anybody's business at all. They can do whatever they want. /r/Changemyview moderates more than other most subs, is it hurting itself by doing so? So does /r/Askscience and /r/Askhistorians. I'm really at a loss on this. As for them not being interested in hearing any contrary opinions, I agree, and I myself am critical of certain theories they hold and certain positions they take, but can you really blame them? The internet is a magnet for hateful, vindictive, and spiteful verbal abuse, and feminism is a huge target to MRAs who seem to have little better to do than sit on their computer and call feminists stupid irrational <insert gender appropriate slur> and they don't care about men, and blah blah blah. The reason why they do those things is because they get inundated with a ridiculous amount of spiteful crap from the so-hard-done-by immature guys who believe it's their mission in life to destroy feminism. You ever seen an argument between an MRA and a feminist? Feminists probably aren't very open to criticism, but god help me, after dealing with the infuriating self-righteousness and ideoligcal certitude of MRAs I don't blame them one bit. I would be pretty defensive too.

pp6u7l

asksciencefiction_train

[General fiction] Which characters have died the greatest number of times? Whether it's by time travel, cloning, alternate versions, fake outs, or just plain resurrection, characters dying and coming back to life (often just to die again later) is practically a cliche at this point. So which character(s) hold the record for most deaths? For this purpose, I'm counting *any* form of death in which the audience is meant to believe that the character has died, whether or not it's made explicit that they're going to come right back (like Jack Harkness in Doctor Who). And alternate versions of the character (like comics Jean Grey and movie Jean Grey) can all be tallied together. Who would you put on the list of "high scorers"?

hd2c59u

hd2c4my

Optimus Prime. He has been dying every chance he gets since the 86 movie traumatised a generation. A continuity that doesn't have die and come back is in the minority

Diavolo from Jojos Bizarre Adventure has/ will die an infinite amount of times. Or until Giorno Giovanna dies, presumably.

xszbqw

askacademia_train

I like research, I don't like teaching. Should I be a postdoc forever? Hello, My field is cognitive psychology. I like my field and I run lab experiments. I also like being in the academia. However, I don't like teaching. As you may know, there are no enough positions in private sector and post-doc is not a stable position in academia and there is no chance for promotion (a step further is an assistant professorship that requires teaching). I would like to hear your experience. What should I do? Thanks in advance!

iqnmjc4

iqo4qyg

In Denmark, there exist research positions. https://english.dm.dk/salary/universities-and-institutions-of-higher-education https://english.dm.dk/career/research-staff Enjoy! I've linked above the Professional/Trade Association of Academic Workers in Denmark (DM). > Researcher > The appointment as researcher is a postgraduate position where the main tasks comprise research (including a commitment to publish/scientific dissemination) and research-based public-sector consultancy. Additionally, it involves a certain amount of teaching and a limited number of other tasks. The predominance of the various tasks may vary over time; however, a balance should be ensured allowing the researcher to qualify within the areas relevant to the position (typically research, research-based public-sector consultancy and teaching). Supervision is provided as well as the option of enhancing your teaching skills with a view to preparing a written assessment of the teaching skills of the researcher. The appointment as researcher may be of limited tenure or tenured, meaning that the researcher transfers to a senior researcher position after a positive assessment. The starting point is that the position is full-time; however, part-time positions also exist. An appointment as researcher requires PhD-level qualifications. > > The following fixed allowances are granted to researchers: and then > Senior researcher > The position of senior researcher is usually a tenured position with an obligation and a right to teach and carry out research. The appointment may be without tenure if the main area of responsibility of the position is research and development. > > The main tasks comprise research (including a commitment to publish/scientific dissemination) and research-based public-sector consultancy. Add to this a certain amount of teaching as well as research management, guidance and supervision of assistant professors and researchers as well as carrying out professional assessments. > > The position is usually a full-time appointment; however, part-time appointments exist.

I'm a psyc professor at a school that is R2 (e.g., my department has PhD programs, but we don't have enough throughout the university to qualify as R1). Even though my teaching load is a 2-3 (some of our faculty are on 2-2, 2-1, or 1-1 loads depending on grant support), it's extremely easy. The trick is to get the same classes each semester. If you can swing this, then there is practically no prep after the first couple years. At this point, I have all my lectures essentially memorized down to the individual jokes. I periodically change things around to keep it interesting, but I could basically teach the same classes for the rest of my career if I was that unmotivated. The point is that I have plenty of time for research (or whatever else I want to do).

o4425a

askbaking_train

Can I use pasturized egg whites for things like macarons? So lately I have been baking a lot of stuff like macarons and vanilla cakes which only requires egg whites, so I thought I maybe could use those boxed egg whites from the shop. Anyone know if they work?

h2fa960

h2fshin

I’ve used boxed egg whites for both Angel food cake and macarons. The Angel food cake comes out fantastic. My macarons come out tasting great, but have hollow shells (I’m not sure if it’s the egg whites or my technique). I don’t think the boxed egg whites get to the stiff peak stage as well as fresh egg whites. My advice: try using them in you favorite recipes and see how it works compared to what you’ve been using.

You can also use aquafaba instead of egg whites. It’s the liquid from canned chickpeas. It makes a merengue like egg whites, but may need more cream of tartar because the structure is more fragile.

bjilem

askculinary_train

Can I use cool whip or rediwhip for a coconut cream pie or should I make my own?

em8sons

em8tldk

Why not make real whipped cream and put a dollop on each slice as it is plated and served? Unless you won't have any leftover, in which case put it on the whole pie just before serving.

Cool Whip is awful stuff. Whipping your own cream takes a few minutes and tastes infinitely better

43oxd8

changemyview_train

CMV: The Bachelor is just as ridiculous as Flavor of Love and other dating reality shows of the sort. When there was a flood of dating reality shows, such as Flavor of Love or A Shot At Love with Tila Tequila, many people criticized the shows and contestants for their ridiculous behavior, attitudes, and mindsets. Cursing, fighting, and spitting became a reality show norm. Despite the recklessness of these shows, everyone was hooked. Now, with the new start of the Bachelor, WOMEN ARE HOOKED. But interestingly, ABC has done a tremendous job of presenting Ben as the dream guy, the All-American boy that every girl wants. Somehow, they've been able to glaze over the fact that this is still a ridiculous and chaos-driven dating reality show. What makes the Bachelor any different from any of those other absurd dating shows? _____ > *Hello, users of CMV! This is a footnote from your moderators. We'd just like to remind you of a couple of things. Firstly, please remember to* ***read through our rules***. *If you see a comment that has broken one, it is more effective to report it than downvote it. Speaking of which,* ***downvotes don't change views****! If you are thinking about submitting a CMV yourself, please have a look through our* ***popular topics wiki*** *first. Any questions or concerns? Feel free to* ***message us***. *Happy CMVing!*

czjsjpl

czjt8l4

With the Bachelor they pick available men who are attractive, have good jobs, haven't been married before, etc. The point is to find a guy who is attractive to a broad range of American women. Flavor Flav is in his 50s, has 7 children and a criminal record. He's also, objectively, ugly as hell. The purpose of flavor of love was to be a hilarious shit show, which is way different then the Bachelor, which is much more straight laced, and less about the craziness of the situation.

I think you are just confused or something. The Bachelor is not really regarded as much higher quality television than any other dating/reality show and everyone knows it's a ridiculous and that they don't usually stay together as a couple or anything. The Bachelor is commonly referred to as a guilty pleasure. However the actual bachelor is usually actually at least good-looking and somewhat normal compared to the likes of Flava Flav, Tila Tequila and Bret Michaels. Ben Higgins is also attractive enough that there at least the added potential for the viewer to actually think about dating him in addition to enjoying the crazy drama. Also keep in mind, that as society has become more inundated with reality tv shows, the tolerance for them has risen as well. Over the years, reality shows have shifted from solely guilty pleasure shows that people made fun of or watched ironically to shows that people have no problem saying they seriously watch or care about. This phenomenon is best exemplified by the Kardashians who started out as basically a novelty act that people made fun of to a full blown media empire.

cglmlx

askengineers_train

What is the experience like for women in engineering in school and the work place? So i’m planning to major in mechanical engineering next year but I’ve heard that there’s not a lot of women in engineering and that they’re surrounded by a lot of guys which makes me nervous because i’m afraid of some men being sexist towards me when i start working. I’m not afraid to tell someone off if they make any comments but i don’t want to deal with negative things while doing the job i’ve always wanted. Are there any women on here that have experience with this? How did you deal with it? How is your school experience?How is your work experience? Help would be appreciated since I don’t know anyone personally to ask!:)

euibbvr

euiis12

good evening, I work in STEM and I was heavily involved in the engineering school's WEST programs (women in engineering, science and technology). My schooling experience is now somewhat dated but the professional experience I have seen have been very very good. Many of the female professionals I work with are faced with the similar set of problems such as advancement, salary, time off, overworked, etc. as their male counterpart. we are seeing more and more males also be faced with going through the motions of taking paternal leave. Though the numbers are obviously still skewed towards the other side. there might be some still macho chauvinistic bullshit out there in school but if you search for good firms to work for that's your ticket. good luck.

Civil engineer here. I have never personally faced much sexism. Perhaps a little from an older Indian engineer, but even that I couldn't pinpoint specifically to sexism. Oh, and once in college from this Polish dude, but he was such an idiot that I didn't let it bother me. I have had colleagues who have had crude comments made to them, though. I think engineering is changing, slowly... It's not nearly as sexist as it used to be. And I don't think most guys are "intentionally" sexist, if you know what I mean. If anyone says anything sexist or gives off that vibe, it's pretty easy to show them how they're wrong: do better than they do. &#x200B; I say do what you want, and let naysayers be fuel for doing well.

jbmcva

changemyview_train

CMV: You should be able to opt-out of Social Security This is my opinion at least. It's not set in stone and I won't pretend to know all the facts. I'm in college making making minimum wage and I don't see the point of SS. While I get that some people need to be forced to save up for retirement or it won't get done, it should be a personal choice, not a government mandate. I also don't really see the program being around 55 years from now, but I could be wrong here. While I don't like the idea, I'm open to explanations as to why it's a good thing. I'll try to respond to everyone. Stay safe!

g8w5ho0

g8w4x06

So the first thing is that Social Security is NOT a savings account. That's not how it works. It's a retirement insurance program. Compare it to something like health insurance. You pay into it when you aren't using it (when you're healthy) so that when you *do* need it the money is available for you. Similar to health insurance, though, the way Social Security is currently structured it needs more people paying into it than are taking out of it to remain "solvent". If a health insurance plan only had a bunch of sick people who were taking more out in benefits than they were paying into in premiums it would have to jack up the premiums so high that the plan wouldn't be feasible. The same is true for the way Social Security is structured right now. It needs people who are not collecting benefits paying in so that the Social Security trust fund remains in the black while being able to pay out all the benefits we have promised to the people who have been paying into it their entire lives. As to whether Social Security will be around 55 years from now, as it's structured now, maybe? I don't know. However, it's VERY simple to change the structure to ensure it will be solvent as long as the US government exists and is able to issue a currency (the US dollar). Social Security money is managed through the Social Security Trust Fund. This is basically a bank account at the Federal Reserve where all OASDI taxes (Social Security taxes) get deposited in and all Social Security benefits get debited out. The big fear about whether SS will be around in the future rests on this Social Security Trust Fund. The question is whether there will be enough people paying into the trust fund to ensure it has enough money in it to pay the amount of benefits that will be collected by beneficiaries. All of this comes down to one little line within the Social Security Act which requires the trust fund to ALWAYS be positive. That is, if paying a benefit would cause the Trust Fund to go into a negative balance, benefit payments are automatically stopped. It doesn't need to be this way, though. For comparison, Medicare and Medicaid are structured similarly. They both have trust funds which we all pay into through our taxes. However, neither of these trust funds have the provision that they must remain positive. If paying a Medicare or Medicaid benefit causes their trust fund to drop below 0, then the Federal Reserve just carries a negative balance on their ledger. The Fed pays the benefit and life goes on. This has happened many times in the past and will undoubtedly continue to happen in the future. All we would need to do to make sure Social Security is solvent FOREVER (or at least as long as the US Government exists and is able to issue dollars, which if that can't happen Social Security will be the least of our problems) is amend the Social Security Act to allow the trust fund to have a negative balance. That's it. Then the money will always exist to pay Social Security benefits. Of course, that money needs to buy something, so the real question is can we structure society in such a way as to ensure we are creating the goods and services which Social Security recipients will be using their benefits to purchase. That means if there are going to be a lot of SS recipients in the future we need to make sure the things they will want to purchase will exist. That includes food, clothing, entertainment, etc, but it also includes more doctors and nurses since older people require more medical care. That doesn't really have much to do with the Social Security payment structure, though.

Two things: First, the nature of Social Security is that current payments from young people are used to pay current obligations to older people. This means that an opt-out clause will very likely present a liquidity crisis for Social Security, causing the system to collapse and punishing the people currently receiving or expecting to receive Social Security payments. Second, fundamentally, the design of Social Security is to force people to commit to creating retirement savings in order to prevent poverty. Without Social Security, people obviously have the choice to automatically remove some percent of their income, put it in an ultra-safe government account, and draw from it in retirement... but they won't do that, and the government doesn't want those people to die starving in the streets when they retire. Giving people the option to opt-out is effectively giving people the option to trade short-term benefits for long-term risk that the government will most likely still be on the hook for since society doesn't tend to like "well, you made a bad financial decision, so you deserve to die" as a general rule.

fiiz0v

askengineers_train

What salary increase would it take for you to move out of state?

fkhpe1k

fkhrdg0

If it's the same cost of living, 40% would be optimal. That would replace my SO's income. However, we love the area that we currently in and it's a big reason why I haven't started looking for other jobs.

I’d take the same to move out of NYC to somewhere not ridiculous.

7chkoy

changemyview_train

CMV: It is difficult to morally justify killing animals for their meat. First of all, I am not a vegetarian. I eat meat, simply because I do not emotionally feel bad for doing so, I guess it is just because I have grown up that way. I do however find it difficult to rationally justify eating meat from a moral point of view, so I consider myself a bit hypocritical. Why is it okay to kill animals for meat? It is obviously not okay to kill a human for meat, so why is it okay to kill an animal for the same reason? These are main points for eating meat I see, but they do not convince me: 1) Animals are less intelligent, so we can eat them. **Response**: I do not find this argument very convincing, as I do not believe any good person would deem it okay to kill a mentally challenged person with a significantly reduced IQ for their meat. 2) It is natural for us to eat meat, we have done it for all of human history **Reponse**: We have murdered, raped, waged wars, stolen and many more things we today do not find morally permissible. If rape is not okay because it is natural (which it obviously isn't), this argument should not apply to eating meat. 3) It is okay to eat meat as a necessity **Response**: I agree with the statement, but it is not necessary to eat meat in first world countries today. It is purely a luxury, and something people (including me) do because it is enjoyable, eggs, milk, and a lot of other animal products give you enough protein to live very healthily, in fact you can live even MORE healthy than most people who eat meat do. I know similar threads have been posted before, but the users there looked at the issue from a different perspective than me (they were vegetarians), so the arguments did not really appeal to the way I look at it.

dpq0euf

dppz886

> It is difficult to morally justify killing animals for their meat. It's literally the opposite. Justifying the existence of living things is pretty much impossible. The closer we try to get to a moral empiricism, the less sense conscious lifeforms make. "An action is morally just if it creates more Happiness than the opposite of happiness." (not quite verbatim) John Stuart Mill We call this moral framework Positive Utilitarianism. It tries to promote Happiness so that there is more of it than there is the Opposite of Happiness (Suffering). This is the world-view most people have, even if they don't know what it's technically called. The alternative interpretation is Negative Utilitarianism. Which is to reduce Suffering. That an action cannot be morally justifiable if it creates Suffering **at all**. This is where moral frameworks begin to break down at a Human level because moral frameworks like this while perfectly sound and valid, are antithetical to our existence; which makes people uncomfortable. Normally people (wrongly) reject these frameworks because of that discomfort; the fact that their existence isn't morally justifiable is not something people take seriously—but they should. There is no such thing as a conscious lifeform that does not experience Suffering; therefore, by the logic of reducing Suffering being a morally pure action; procreating is NOT morally justifiable. Any action that promotes the wellbeing of lifeforms that might reproduce on account of your actions is not morally justifiable. In-fact if you consider the magnitude (literal magnitude) of all Future-Suffering; if you erase the planet and everything on it you negate and prevent exponentially more Suffering than has ever existed before, thus, surely, that is the only morally justifiable goal. And the uncomfortable part, is that there is absolutely nothing invalid or unsound about the logic that that frameworks uses; the only objection that is even tenable is if we presuppose that it's remotely important or integral for life to exist at all—which is not an argument anyone will ever have the capacity or the knowledge to make. I would just leave it here... however, I'm aware just from reading your post that while you are kind of skirting this topic, you're not ACTUALLY talking about the big picture. You're talking about Moral Responsibility. Or Moral Relativism. > Why is it OK to ___ but not OK to ____ Has nothing to do with morals, well, not much anyways. When people use 'moral(s/ality)' in this way, it's a colloquialism. They are actually talking about social paradigms. > Why isn't it OK to eat Humans? Is just as valid of a questions as, > Why isn't it OK for men to wear sundresses? You're not talking about the substance of being a 'thing', or what it means to perpetrate an action, or why you might be doing it. You're talking about why isn't X allowed according to Y. It isn't OK to kill Human beings, in civilized society (well, it IS, as long as they're from a different country or are from the wrong social group [See; American Imperialism or Unnecessary force by American LEO against non-whites]) because wanton murder isn't conducive to a civilized society. Humanity figured that out thousands of years ago. And murder-for-sustenance; while I know there have been cannibal cultures and small cannibalistic events, I would *guess* it's mostly just distasteful to most societies. In the same way that cultures who have a specific subset of animals as domesticated companion-pets typically do not consume that type of animal for sustenance. Eating meat is OK because we have bred animals to have specific qualities are purposes. This is called Genetic Modification (Like in the term G.M.O [Yes, dogs are G.M.O. s] which means Genetically Modified Organism). Even if we stopped all meat production and set all the animals free; they would all die. There isn't room for them anywhere and where ever they would be put, there would not be food for them that would sustain their population. The whole system is designed with an Input and an Output, none of the facilities or allocated land is designed to sustain a large population of animals, let alone a population that might grow if it had the resources to do so. "What if we allocated land and resources to do so?" That isn't any more or less justifiable. So, if this were the problem at hand, you could just as well create a thread asking, > It is difficult to justify preserving [animal]; their species can't survive in this climate by itself and there are plenty of Human who could use those resources instead.. Constructive and Destructive actions are not more or less justifiable or moral than the other; either an action is moral or it is not regardless of anyone's perception of that action—quite like gravity, it doesn't matter if you think a bowlingball will fall faster than a feather. If there isn't air resistance, they fall at the same speed as long as they are released at the same time and at the same height. This mathematical fact is not changed by perception. **If morality exists**, it exists in the same way. As far as society is concerned, it's ingrained in the culture, the industry employs millions of people, there are periphery industries that rely on the meat industry and are equipped, specifically, to handle meat products. People don't make choices for educated reasons. People aren't eating red meat because they think it's healthy, it's because that's what they grew up eating and they like the taste and the dishes that are made with it. It's morally justifiable, **relative to society and how we collectively view actions, meaning, and reasons** because we say so, basically.

1. All organisms exhibit intelligence to some degree or other. Even plants have problem solving abilities. In any case why should intelligence be the determining factor as to why we can or cannot eat something. 2. Hunting and eating animals was what drove us to develop such advanced brains in the first place, so I think this is a sound argument. In any case humans are omnivores (in common with most primates) and we should at least be eating insects, and this brings us back to point 1. 3. Eggs and dairy production both involve the killing of male offspring. If you take the position that killing animals for food is bad, you have to go full vegan. As for health, it takes more knowledge to be healthy the more food you cut from your diet, so the average person who doesn't think very much about what they eat probably won't be healthier. Meat is very nutritious and those nutrients have to be carefully replaced.

jhucj1

explainlikeimfive_train

Explain like I'm five years old: If plastic was made in 1907 how do they know it may take up to 1000 years to decompose?

ga3xd9g

ga2r4wj

PhD in plastics engineering here. There's a technique known as time-temperature superposition, which allows us to predict how long it will take to degrade plastics by subjecting the plastics to high temperatures (keeping most details out of it) and seeing how long it takes to degrade at this high temperature. Then we use this information to compute how long it will take the plastic to decompose at ambient (room) temperatures. This method gives a very precise number much more accurate that a qualitative 1000s of years. The most stable plastics would probably survive for 100s of years, not 1000s.

There's a lot of patronizing answers on here but it's a fair question. Basically, you assume that a certain plastic decomposes by a physical and chemical process which we understand and can quantify in a mathematical model. Then you do some algebra using the equations that describe that model and, voila, you have your answer. Of course this assumes there are no other processes that affect decomposition that aren't captured in the initial model.

woykw2

changemyview_train

CMV: The US should not trade Russian arms dealer Viktor Bout for Brittney Griner. Viktor Bout is a dangerous Russian arms dealer who was convicted of conspiracy to kill U.S. citizens and officials, delivery of anti-aircraft missiles, and providing aid to a terrorist organization. Brittney Griner is an athlete who is of no actual physical threat to Russia. How is this a fair trade from the perspective of the US? My view is that when Russia demanded Viktor Bout in exchange for Brittney Griner, they were calling our bluff. They had no expectation that the US would actually release a prisoner whom they have been trying to have released for years, and Russia knows of the two, which person poses more of a threat to the other nation and which is more dangerous to release. That is why they are agreeing to the trade. Additionally, Brittney Griner should have known better. She was traveling to Russia, a country with very strict drug laws, and I would be surprised if this was the first time that she brought cannabis products into Russia, it was just the first time she got caught. Whether we agree with the laws or not, when you are in another nation you are a guest in that nation and subjected to their laws. We have to suspend our understanding of cannabis in the US and understand that in the eyes of Russia, she broke the law and must do the time. Finally, we are willing to trade a violent Russian arms dealer for an athlete while there are still people in the US sitting in jail for possession of cannabis? This is an insult to those people sitting in prison. Release them as well, then.

ikdn4i3

ikdjyh0

If the US is willing to release Bout, then it implies that the US believe that they have all the information they are going to get from him and he holds no further value to the US government other than as a bargaining chip. In fact, you could also argue that being behind bars in the US is potentially more dangerous as has access to other felons who might be easily coerced to act against the US government. On top of that, when he is released, there is limited damage he can do. He has been behind bars for 14 years, so his network is not going to be what it used to be. And if he does start operating again, it's not like he is unknown to the US and will likely be under surveillance. On top of that, depending what he did give to the US, Russia might want to punish him in their own way - it's not like they are well known for their leniency... And finally, we do not know everything that is going on behind the scenes. Those handling the swap have far more information and know the full strategy, and they would not be doing this if it wasn't in the country's best interests.

Brittney Griner is just the political talking point, the real goal is Paul Whelan, which was arrested in Russia on spying charges. The sad fact of the matter, is that she is a very convenient talking point: Russia wouldn't care less about her in most situations, but Putin knows the US has a history of having a soft spot for otherwise innocent people, so that was essentially a prisoner trade spark up, more than an actual legit arrest. My guess is, if wasn't Brittney Griner for possession of weed oil, Russia would have found someone else relatively innocent for an equally ridiculous "crime"... Or might still have arrested her on terms of her being gay (since it's technically also a crime in Russia, just seldom ever enforced if you don't make it obvious).

w6faz7

askacademia_train

Successfully defended PhD yesterday. COVID-positive today. So much to do to submit this paper, but I feel like death. Any advice?

ihe0k3x

ihdpy6q

PhD's cause Covid, n=1

Congratulations! Hope for a speedy recovery Dr !

wo5kjx

askculinary_train

Should you clean new stainless steel pots and carafes with water and vinegar before first use? I just got a new stainless steel stock pot and coffee carafe and washed them with warm water and dish soap. I heard that new stainless steel can have "factory oils" still on them and that it's a good idea to clean them with some hot water and vinegar to get rid of them. Is this true? Any recommendations? Or hot water and dish soap are enough?

ik94yj2

ik92ix4

Warm soapy water should work

Soap is fine.

dadd83

askculinary_train

What kind of black peppercorns do you use in your kitchen and why? I've been using Lampong until I ran out, now i'm wondering if I should try something else. What about you?

f1pm4p6

f1pbtv4

Vietnamese peppercorns because my mom brings them back in megabulk whenever she travels there so I take some too

I got some costco tellicherry peppercorns and I hated the taste. So I stopped using them and then went to the local latino/international market and bought a bunch of bulk normal peppercorns.

ym7yuz

askengineers_train

Climate Conscious Engineers: where do you work? Just wondering if there are any climate conscious engineers out there and what you do? Myself, a number of my colleagues and friends in engineering highlight climate and water scarcity as key issues moving forward, but work in industries doing little about it. Are you guys in similar situations, or have you found jobs working to help?

iv32q6f

iv40br5

Remote sensing. Monitoring things helps us know where the problems are

I work in a geothermal (ground source heat pumps) group as an engineer. Pretty cool!

zij22d

askengineers_train

Years ago my high school chemistry teacher gave me zero points for using the ideal gas law to solve a problem involving burning of gasoline in an engine, stating that gasoline is a liquid not a gas. I thought gasoline is burned in gaseous form. Which one was right? My approach made the problem way easier and clearly wasn't what the teacher intended.

izso632

izrl7br

Firstly, was your answer correct? Secondly, if the intention was for you to solve the problem a certain way to demonstrate knowledge of a specific concept, you failed to do so. It's a high school chemistry class, not engineering school. Thirdly, the inside of an engine cylinder filled with air and aerosolized gasoline, some of which is gaseous and some of which is still in liquid droplets, is a very complex system that cannot be accurately analyzed using the ideal gas law. Sometimes you can simplify a problem and arrive at an answer that is close enough to the complicated method, and sometimes you can't, and an important part of engineering is knowing which is which.

I worked on this in grad school Gas and air burning produces heat that increases the temperature of the combustion gasses Work done by the piston lowers the gas temperature. We used a differential form of pv=rt and the bunulli equation to form a nonlinear differential equation which we solved numerically. .

3p2c3y

askengineers_train

I'm willing to allocate $500 each to developing my SolidWorks & MATLAB skills, where would you spend it? I'm an ME undergraduate who has realized that the coursework on CAD and MATLAB required through my school is insufficient to be competent in these tools. Excluding the purchase price of the software, what is the best way to proceed? I've considered the SolidWorks Essentials course (>$1000) since I'd like some structure to the learning as opposed to the often instructed youtube videos. Does a similar course exist for MATLAB? Anyone have experience getting these at discounted rates, or finding the exact video material for free? Also, are there certain books which if you work through the text and some examples will leave you with a solid foundation? Thanks a lot for your answers.

cw2l3p4

cw2njfa

There are some good free Matlab resources in their blogs http://blogs.mathworks.com/

/u/Dancat1238 it is entirely possible that your university offers free Lynda.com tutorials. I have personally used them for solidworks and found them to be quite good, so you should check them out. If your university doesn't offer you a subscription, then its around $30/month IIRC. Either way, you're way better off than paying >$1000.

1zlss1

explainlikeimfive_train

Explain like I'm five years old: Why do so many Americans self-identify as some nationality different from US American? Like "I'm, Italian" or "I'm Pakistani", when in fact they're both American?

cfutah0

cfusuau

You mix up nationality and ethnicity. Yes, they have an Americal citizenship, but they just got different (Italian/Pakistani/etc) blood. After all, the only true Americans are Indians, though a lot of people call themselves Americans.

It pisses me off too. I know my grandparents came form Sweden, but I am American. You will not here me trying to impress people by informing them that I am Swedish-American. However, if someone asks directly what my heritage is, I'll tell them my grandparents came from Sweden. But I am an American, through and through.

w4jzm9

explainlikeimfive_train

Explain like I'm five years old how bacteria can natural select to become resistant to antibiotics in decades but not resistant to heat (cooking), ethanol (fermentation), and/or salt after tens of thousands of years of contact w these pressures. Why is cooking still an effective way of eliminating human pathogens or fermentation or salting? These methods do not eliminate all traces of the bacteria so what is keeping a random mutation from happening that allows, say, e. Coli in beef to become resistant to heat up to 60c or Listeria to resist salt concentrations to the same levels as bacteria which are not infectious and potential beneficial to us that can tolerate? What is it about antibiotics that makes them so susceptible to creating these random mutations that antibiotics become near obsolete in decades?

ih2j687

ih2eis9

A lot of bacteria have evolved the ability to survive in those extremes. Look up extremophiles.

It’s easier to evolve defenses to antibiotics than the other factors. So even though there has been more time either the steps needed to mutate are much much more difficult and haven’t happened yet OR there is just not way to evolve around the problem. Antibiotics interrupt various processes in the cells, like a tree falling on a train track blocking a particular train route. Antibiotic resistance is like using an alternate route so the tree isn’t an issue anymore. Heat affects the proteins that are part of the cells more directly. It doesn’t block a process from happening, it causes the proteins that do the process to fall apart. To go back to our train example it’s like the power going out completely. Now it’s not just one route that’s not working, the whole system can’t function. It’s a lot harder to adapt to that. Some proteins are more resistant to heat than others so in theory if they can do the same job it might be possible to develop resistance, but there are still limits on how much heat proteins can handle due to basic physics and chemistry.

k3wa6s

askbaking_train

Shortbread: what's the secret?? I can bake. Pretty well, if I do say so myself. But I can't seem to make shortbread. When I try, I end up with a bowl full of dry crumbly nuggets that won't stick together no matter what I do. If I put said "dough" in the fridge, I could use it to go bowling. Anyone know what the secret is for making shortbread that's yummy instead of cardboardy? My boyfriend's grandmother absolutely loves shortbread, and I've been trying to make some for her for Christmas. Please help!

ge5gpx0

ge7hw2t

Make sure you use flour. If the recipe says let it rest in the fridge (as mine does) then do this and then knead with your hands a bit to warm it up enough to roll out. If you can't knead it then skip the fridge step and let it rest on the counter instead. You definitely need warm hands to make it stick together as its literally just sugar, butter and flour. Also, some recipes use powdered sugar? I always use granulated sugar. And some people just think it tastes like cardboard. I LOVE shortbread but my husband hates it.

Your dough is likely fine. You need to dump it out of the bowl onto the counter and form it into a log of the shape you want (I recommend a round log because it’s easier). The heat from your hands will get the butter to adhere into a log. You want it about two inches in diameter or something comparable in another shape. Wrap the log tightly in plastic wrap and chill in your fridge for 3 hours, preferably overnight. You want to make sure it’s flat on the shelf, as you could nearly use it as a bowling pin when you take it out. When it’s time, preheat your oven as per recipe. Slice the log into slices about 1/4 to 1/3 inches. You want to do this quickly and don’t start slicing until the oven is fully hot. If the butter gets warm outside the oven, the cookies will spread. Bake according to recipe. The recipe I use is 350 degrees F, 10-11 minutes. I think that’s standard.