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tomekkorbak

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[ "Bye bye, lake. ", "Where it's going, nobody knows for sure.", "\n\nJust off U.S. Highway 20 in Central Oregon there is a lake with a curious fate. ", "Every winter the aptly-named Lost Lake fills up, before slowly draining through a hole, drying up and making way for a meadow.", "\n\nThe hole has been there as long as anyone can remember, Jude McHugh, spokeswoman with the Willamette National Forest, told The Bulletin. ", "And while the hole may appear to be one of those oddest of mysteries that nobody can quite figure out, the explanation is rather simple. ", "The volcanic landscape of the area gives way to a number of quirky geologic traits – the one responsible for swallowing the lake is a lava tube. ", "The tunnel-like structure is formed when flowing lava hardens near the surface but continues to flow downwards, and the inner lava escapes before hardening. ", "The result, a tube that opens to the surface and leads to the mysterious depths below.", "\n\nMcHugh says it’s unclear exactly where the water goes, but it possibly seeps into the porous subsurface underground, refilling the expansive aquifer that feeds springs on both sides of the Cascades.", "\n\nMcHugh said there have been numerous attempts – unauthorized and discouraged – to plug the leak, so to speak. ", "Over the years, workers from the U.S. Forest Service have found car parts, engines and other debris in the hole. ", "Success in those endeavors, however, would only lead to local flooding as the area has been planned with the fickle nature of the ever-disappearing lake in mind.", "\n\n“If anyone was ever successful at plugging it, which we’re not sure they could do, it would just result in the lake flooding, and the road. ", "It’s an important part of how the road was designed,” she said.", "\n\nWatch the ground swallowing Lost Lake in the clip below." ]

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[ "concrete PhraseDut of Phrase = CatDut ** open Prelude, ResDut in \n{\n\n\n flags optimize=all_subs ;\n\n lin\n PhrUtt pconj utt voc = {s = pconj.s ++ utt.s ++ voc.s} ;\n\n UttS s = {s = s.s ! ", "Main} ;\n UttQS qs = {s = qs.s ! ", "QDir} ;\n UttImpSg pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s ! ", "pol.p ! ", "ImpF Sg False} ;\n UttImpPl pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s ! ", "pol.p ! ", "ImpF Pl False} ;\n UttImpPol pol imp = {s = pol.s ++ imp.s ! ", "pol.p ! ", "ImpF Sg True} ;\n\n UttIP ip = {s = ip.s ! ", "NPNom} ; --- Acc also\n UttIAdv iadv = iadv ;\n UttNP np = {s = np.s ! ", "NPNom} ;\n UttVP vp = {s = useInfVP True vp ! ", "agrP3 Sg } ; -- without zu\n UttAdv adv = adv ;\n UttCN n = {s = n.s ! ", "Strong ! ", "NF Sg Nom} ;\n UttCard n = {s = n.s ! ", "Utr ! ", "Nom} ;\n UttAP ap = {s = ap.s ! ", "agrP3 Sg ! ", "APred} ;\n\n UttInterj i = i ;\n UttAdV a = a ;\n\n NoPConj = {s = []} ;\n PConjConj conj = ss (conj.s2) ;\n\n NoVoc = {s = []} ;\n VocNP np = {s = bindComma ++ np.s ! ", "NPNom} ;\n\n}\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nhtaccess file being ignored, trying to leverage browser caching for Pagespeed\n\nI'm having a problem with my .htaccess file. ", "I'm optimizing my site using Google Pagespeed and GTMetrix and both keep saying \"leverage browser caching\". ", "So I just added my .htaccess file and included the following lines\n## EXPIRES CACHING ##\n <IfModule mod_expires.c>\n ExpiresActive On\n ExpiresByType image/jpg \"access 1 year\"\n ExpiresByType image/jpeg \"access 1 year\"\n ExpiresByType image/gif \"access 1 year\"\n ExpiresByType image/png \"access 1 year\"\n ExpiresByType text/css \"access 1 month\"\n ExpiresByType text/html \"access 1 month\"\n ExpiresByType application/pdf \"access 1 month\"\n ExpiresByType text/x-javascript \"access 1 month\"\n ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash \"access 1 month\"\n ExpiresByType image/x-icon \"access 1 year\"\n ExpiresByType application/xhtml+xml \"access plus 600 seconds\"\n ExpiresDefault \"access 1 month\"\n </IfModule>\n## EXPIRES CACHING ##\n\n# BEGIN Cache-Control Headers\n <ifModule mod_headers.c>\n <filesMatch \"\\.(ico|jpe?g|png|gif|swf)$\">\n Header set Cache-Control \"public\"\n </filesMatch>\n <filesMatch \"\\.(css)$\">\n Header set Cache-Control \"public\"\n </filesMatch>\n <filesMatch \"\\.(js)$\">\n Header set Cache-Control \"private\"\n </filesMatch>\n <filesMatch \"\\.(x?html?|php)$\">\n Header set Cache-Control \"private, must-revalidate\"\n </filesMatch>\n </ifModule>\n# END Cache-Control Headers\n\nI first had nothing, then I tried with just the 'expires caching', first piece of code and after that didn't change a thing in the re-tested results, I added the second pair of code -> cache control headers. ", "Strangely, I'm still scoring the same.", "\nI'm on the verge of thinking my HTaccess file looks alright, but there is a problem on perhaps my server.. Or well, I just don't know. ", "You guys probably do!", "\nMy .htaccess file is in the same folder as the index.html and assets folders are located.", "\nThe file structure looks like this:\n\n/public_html/domain/company_name/website/.htaccess - For the .htaccess file\n /public_html/domain/company_name/website/index.html - For the index.html file\n\nTHIS URL will link to the index.html file above.", "\nWhen writing the title, I saw numbers of other related topics, however, most of them didn't work.", "\nWhere many related topics posted something about a corrupted or interfering file in the /etc/.. I don't have a /etc/ folder, so that couldn't be it.", "\n\nA:\n\nOk, so I found the problem! ", "For anyone who can't find why it ain't working for them, try this!", "\nMy problem was that mod_expires wasn't active.", "\nCreate a php file and paste in the following code\n<?", "php\n print_r(apache_get_modules());\n?", ">\n\nAnd see if mod_expires is active. ", "If it isn't showing, try this tutorial to active mod_expires. ", "Then edit your htaccess file again and you'll probably see it's working!", "\n\n" ]

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[ "from test import test_support\nimport unittest\ndbm = test_support.import_module('dbm')\n\nclass DbmTestCase(unittest.", "TestCase):\n\n def setUp(self):\n self.filename = test_support.", "TESTFN\n self.d = dbm.open(self.filename, 'c')\n self.d.close()\n\n def tearDown(self):\n for suffix in ['', '.pag', '.dir', '.db']:\n test_support.unlink(self.filename + suffix)\n\n def test_keys(self):\n self.d = dbm.open(self.filename, 'c')\n self.assertEqual(self.d.keys(), [])\n a = [('a', 'b'), ('12345678910', '019237410982340912840198242')]\n for k, v in a:\n self.d[k] = v\n self.assertEqual(sorted(self.d.keys()), sorted(k for (k, v) in a))\n for k, v in a:\n self.assertIn(k, self.d)\n self.assertEqual(self.d[k], v)\n self.assertNotIn('xxx', self.d)\n self.assertRaises(KeyError, lambda: self.d['xxx'])\n self.d.close()\n\n def test_modes(self):\n for mode in ['r', 'rw', 'w', 'n']:\n try:\n self.d = dbm.open(self.filename, mode)\n self.d.close()\n except dbm.error:\n self.fail()\n\ndef test_main():\n test_support.run_unittest(DbmTestCase)\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n test_main()\n" ]

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[ "Mellifont Cistercian Abbey\n\nCistercians (O Cist/ Ordo Cisterciensis)\n\nFounded in 1142\n\nFounded by Donnchad Ua Cerbaill (O’Carroll), king of Airgialla (d. 1168)\n\nAffiliated to Clairvaux, France\n\nAlso known as Fons Mellis, Mainistir Mhór\n\nPlace\n\nMellifont abbey was the first Cistercian foundation in Ireland and became one of the wealthiest religious foundations in Ireland. ", "The abbey is located in the valley of the Mattock, a tributary of the river Boyne, one of Ireland’s important waterways which was controlled at various points by Mellifont. ", "This foundation was among the wealthiest in medieval Ireland, holding extensive lands, and although its surviving remains – with the exception of the lavabo – do not reflect the grandeur of its architecture, all the essential components of a Cistercian abbey are evident, including a cruciform church, chapter house and cloister. ", "After it suppression under Henry VIII, the monastery was converted into one of the largest mansions in the country during the second half of the sixteenth century, which lead to the almost total destruction of the church. ", "The most visible remains are standing due to their re-use as a porch (the octagonal lavabo) and chapel (the original chapter house) at this time.", "\n\nPeople\n\nThe foundation of Mellifont in 1142 was initiated by St Malachy (d.1148), archbishop of Armagh who spearheaded the reform of the Irish church in the mid twelfth century. ", "While travelling to Rome, Malachy became acquainted with St Bernard when he stayed in Clairvaux, and had sent a number of Irish novices to be trained under St Bernard’s direction. ", "Donnchad Ua Cerbaill, king of Airgialla (parts of modern counties Armagh, Monaghan, Cavan, Louth and Meath) was Malachy’s secular patron who granted the archbishop the site and lands for the new foundation. ", "Donnchad died in Mellifont in 1168. ", "Gilla Críst (Christianus) Ó Connairche (d. 1186) was appointed as the first abbot but relinquished the office to become bishop of Lismore and papal legate. ", "The solemn consecration of the new church was celebrated in 1157 and was attended by many dignitaries including Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, high-king of Ireland who donated 160 cows and 60 ounces of gold and grant of lands near Drogheda.", "\n\nFrom its foundation Mellifont had to deal with turmoil in its community. ", "The monks who had come from Clairvaux in the twelfth century, including Robert the architect, quarreled with their Irish counterparts, who continued their own customs in the new foundations, forcing the French monks to leave. ", "The thirteenth-century ‘Conspiracy of Mellifont’ began with resistance to the decrees of the General Chapter of the Cistercian Order. ", "Monks from English communities were sent to restore order in the Irish abbeys, but this strategy was unsuccessful until Stephen of Lexington, abbot of Stanley (and later abbot of Clairvaux) visited Ireland in 1228. ", "He forced the resignation of the abbot of Mellifont and reduced Irish influence considerably at Mellifont, thanks to the support of Henry III (d.1272) and local Anglo-Norman lords. ", "While Irish monks returned to the abbey following Stephen’s visitation, Mellifont became an exclusive English (or Anglo-Norman) community and, as such, became a royal monastery.", "Why visit?", "\n\nThe building of Mellifont abbey was a key event in the history of Cistercian architecture in Ireland and elsewhere as its original church was built in the 1150s under the guidance of a monk, sent from France, named Robert. ", "English and French influences are noticeable in the art and architectural features. ", "The lavabo – the location where the community washed their hands before entering the church – and the chapter house are the most complex buildings to survive. ", "Probably constructed in the early thirteenth century, it is octagonal, rests on an elegant plinth and its sides are pierced by an arch with three orders. ", "Excavations uncovered a considerable collection of medieval carved and moulded stones, patterned tiles, fragments of painted glass windows, roof tiles, pottery and coins, many of which are now exhibited in the visitor centre.", "\n\n(video courtesy of Michael McGee via Youtube)\n\nWhat happened?", "\n\n1142: The first members of the community returned from Clairvaux to found a new Cistercian community. ", "Gille CristO Connairche (Christian O Conarchy) elected as first abbot\n\n1142: Donnchad Ua Cerbaill, king of Airgialla, endows Mellifont\n\n1147-53: Seven colonies were sent from Mellifont to establish new Cistercian daughter houses, each containing an abbot and at least twelve monks. ", "These included Baltinglass, Bective, Boyle, Cashel (Hore abbey), Inishlounaght, Kilbeggan and Monasteranenagh\n\n1152: Cardinal Paparo held a synod in Mellifont abbey\n\n1157: The solemn consecration of Mellifont by Gelasius, archbishop of Armagh, and further significant endowments from Irish kings including Muirchertach Ua Lochlainn, high-king of Ireland\n\n1168: Donnchad Ua Cerbaill (Donough O’Carroll), who had attended the consecration of the church in Mellifont in 1157, was murdered and buried in the abbey\n\n1170: It was recorded that over 300 lay brothers at Mellifont\n\n1192: Abbot Maol Iosa was suspended and admonished for refusing to receive a visitor from Clairvaux\n\n1194: The Pope granted permission for the translation of relics of St Malachy from Clairvaux to Mellifont\n\n1216: Abbot Gregory died in exile in France, having been expelled from Mellifont, allegedly through the jealousy and envy of the other monks\n\n1227: Mellifont was deprived of its daughter houses Monasteranenagh, Co. Limerick and Baltinglass, Co. Wicklow\n\n1228: Stephen of Lexington made a visitation of Mellifont, expelled its abbot and replaced him with the Norman, Jocelyn, prior of Beaubec\n\n1268: The monks were granted papal permission to celebrate St Malachy’s feast day ‘with three candles and a sermon’\n\n1272: Robert Bruce made a pilgrimage to the shrine of St Malachy in Clairvaux. ", "It is unknown if his brother Edward Bruce either visited or raided Mellifont during his Irish campaign in 1315-6\n\n1343: The abbot became embroiled in a dispute with the Crown about obstacles to access for the King’s boats on the Boyne caused by Mellifont’s weirs. ", "The abbot won his case but this dispute arose again on a number of occasions during the fourteenth century\n\n1380: English control had been established and a law ensuring that ‘no mere Irishman’ should be professed at Mellifont was enforced\n\n1378: John Terrour, abbot of Mellifont was indicted for the murder of the monk John White nine years prior\n\n1458-71: Abbot John Waring nearly brought Mellifont to ruin by leasing out its many properties too cheaply\n\n1488: Abbot Thomas Hervey received a royal pardon for his support of the Lambert Simnel rebellion, an failed attempt by Yorkists in 1487 to place the 10 year old Simnel on the throne of England.", "\n\n23 July 1539: Abbot Richard Contoure surrendered the abbey to the Lord Chancellor and the buildings were leased to Lawrence Townley\n\n1566: Lease agreement drawn up with Edward Moore to convert Mellifont into a mansion, necessary for the defense of people in the area and that it should also be used to provide hospitality of ‘her Majesty’s subjects’.", "\n\n1603: Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone submitted to the Crown at Mellifont\n\n1607: Hugh O’Neill visited Mellifont before he left Ireland\n\n1661: Henry Moore (d.1676) became 1st earl of Drogheda and took up residence in the abbey. ", "Henry Street and Moore Street in Dublin were named after him\n\n1727: Mellifont was sold to the Balfour family of Townley Hall\n\nEarly 19th Century: Several ‘humble cottages, inhabited by still humbler inmates’ were located among the ruins of the abbey\n\n1938: The monks of Mount Melleray Cistercian Abbey, Co. Waterford founded a new Mellifont abbey on lands which had been part of the property of the original Mellifont abbey four hundred years before." ]

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[ "package indi.mybatis.flying.models;\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * \r\n * @date 2019年12月18日 11:56:08\r\n *\r\n * @author 李萌\r\n * @email limeng32@live.cn\r\n * @since JDK 1.8\r\n * @description Or conditional group mapping class,Used to describe the\r\n * corresponding relationship between the object field and\r\n * ConditionMapper that is marked by Or.", "\r\n */\r\npublic class OrMapper {\r\n\r\n\tprivate String fieldName;\r\n\r\n\tprivate ConditionMapper[] conditionMappers;\r\n\r\n\tpublic String getFieldName() {\r\n\t\treturn fieldName;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\tpublic void setFieldName(String fieldName) {\r\n\t\tthis.fieldName = fieldName;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\tpublic ConditionMapper[] getConditionMappers() {\r\n\t\treturn conditionMappers;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\tpublic void setConditionMappers(ConditionMapper[] conditionMappers) {\r\n\t\tthis.conditionMappers = conditionMappers;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n}\r\n" ]

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[ "DUNDONALD, Northern Ireland, Nov. 8 (UPI) -- A former police officer discovered a makeshift bomb attached to his car Friday near Belfast, Northern Ireland, the Police Service of Northern Ireland said.", "\n\nThe unidentified man was about to take his daughter, 12, to school in the Belfast suburb of Dundonald when he performed a routine service check of his vehicle and notice the undetonated bomb attached to the underside of the car, The Belfast Telegraph reported Friday.", "\n\n\nDissident Republicans were blamed for the attempted attack. ", "The explosive bore \"striking similarities\" to other car bombs planted by the extremist group in the past, police said.", "\n\n\"The former officer is a family man and his 12-year-old daughter was with him, and was certainly within close proximity, said Police Service Chief Superintendent Nigel Grimshaw.", "\n\nDissidents have killed two police officers, two soldiers and a prison officer in the past five years in Northern Ireland, the newspaper noted." ]

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[ "[Reflections on the psychobiology of depression].", "\nOur present understanding of the disorder \"depression\" undergoes a changing process. ", "Together with the appearance of empirical studies on epidemiology, genetics and therapy, the hypothesis of \"endogenous\" depression has vanished. ", "The search for \"markers\" has been replaced by a growing interest for functional connections, thereby generating a variety of possible etiological factors instead of the \"depressogenic\" synapse. ", "Therapy has been revolutionized by the invention and the empirical proof of new, short-term psychotherapies. ", "However, the lack of a theoretical basis warrants its development as a major endeavor for future research." ]

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[ "This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. ", "The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. ", "The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. ", "Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with abnormally reduced function of central serotonergic systems. ", "The tryptophan depletion (TD) paradigm has been widely used to study serotonergic function in depression. ", "TD, achieved by oral loading with all essential amino acids except the serotonin (5-HT) precursor tryptophan, causes a transient reduction in the synthesis of brain 5-HT leading to a temporary lowering of mood, which may be a trait abnormality in depression. ", "The proposed pilot study will compare the mood lowering response to TD in a total of 10 healthy subjects with and without a family history of mood disorders, designated as high and low risk for MDD respectively. ", "We will test the hypothesis that TD will induce a greater mood lowering response in high-risk (n=5) than in low-risk individuals (n=5). ", "We have also obtained preliminary evidence that the s allele of the serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and a positive family history of depression are additive risk factors for the development of depression during TD. ", "We aim to replicate these findings in a larger female sample and extend it to males. ", "In addition, whenever a high-risk subject has a sibling with unmedicated remitted MDD, the sibling will also be enrolled in the study (n=1 for this pilot study). ", "Recent findings of increased amygdala reactivity to emotional faces in healthy carriers of the s allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism may indicate increased susceptibility to mood disorders. ", "We propose to examine the effects of TD on amygdala reactivity to emotional faces in high- and low-risk subjects and in subjects grouped by genotype, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). ", "We also plan to follow subjects longitudinally to determine whether a mood lowering response to TD in the high-risk group can predict increased risk for first-onset of MDD over time. ", "The principal goal of this project is obtain pilot data for a grant proposal. ", "The bulk of this study will take place during the first year, with procedures including a screening interview with medical clearance and neuropsychological testing, genotyping, two test days (TD and sham depletion), and fMRI on both test days, and clinical ratings taken on each visit. ", "Due to the nature of a longitudinal study however, subjects will be followed biannually for 2 years. ", "For this reason, we are applying for a 4-year study through the GCRC. ", "Hypothesis: Specific Aim #1: To compare the behavioral response to TD in healthy subjects with a positive family history of mood disorders (at \"high risk\" for MDD) and healthy subjects with a negative family history of mood disorders (at \"low risk\" for MDD), and to explore potential gender differences in behavioral response to TD. ", "Hypothesis #1: TD will induce a greater mood lowering response in subjects at high-risk for MDD than in subjects at low-risk for MDD. ", "Specific Aim #2: To assess the relationship between behavioral response to TD and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in healthy subjects at high and low risk for MDD. ", "This aim is exploratory due to the preliminary nature of data on associations between response to TD and the 5-HTTLPR. ", "Hypothesis #2: We hypothesize that the behavioral response to TD will differ based on genotype. ", "In addition, we will explore the relationship between behavioral response to TD and polymorphisms in other serotonergic genes implicated in depression, including the 5HT2A and 5HT2C receptor genes, and the monoamine oxidase type A enzyme (MAOA) gene promoter. ", "Specific Aim #3: Using fMRI, assess amygdala reactivity to presentation of sad and fearful faces during TD in healthy subjects at high and low risk for MDD. ", "This aim is exploratory because there have been no prior fMRI studies of amygdala reactivity to emotional faces during TD in healthy subjects at high and low risk for MDD. ", "We will explore the relationship between family history, the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, and amygdala reactivity during TD. ", "Hypothesis #3: During TD, subjects at high risk for MDD will exhibit greater amygdala reactivity to sad and fearful faces than subjects at low risk for MDD. ", "Specific Aim #4: To determine whether behavioral response to TD will predict increased risk for a first episode of MDD in high-risk subjects during prospective longitudinal follow-up. ", "Hypothesis: #4: High-risk subjects who exhibit a significant mood lowering response during TD (at least a 10-point decrease on the depression subscale of the Profile of Mood States -POMS) will be at increased risk for a first episode of MDD during the follow-up period, compared to individuals with mild or no mood lowering response during TD." ]

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[ "Ok, you've all had a couple of days now with the revamped Xbox Experience... what do you think?", "\n\nI have mixed feelings. ", "Love the Netflix add. ", "Interested by the avatars, although I yet to make one that I could say belongs at a Pig Destroyer show. ", "Premium themes? ", "Make one that doesn't suck and MAYBE I'd pay almost DOUBLE the price of the old clipar^H^H^H^H themes.", "\n\nHey Microsoft, how about a shooter involving avatars so I can headshot my friends properly? ", "Never gonna happen.... not that headshot part.. the game. :", "fingers:\n\nJRA\n\n11-21-2008, 03:00 PM\n\nMy thoughts are you need to hurry your ass up with those Maiden pictures and videos you've promised. :", "eyes:" ]

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[ "All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information file.", "\n\nIntroduction {#sec005}\n============\n\nThe prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing worldwide \\[[@pone.0191434.ref001], [@pone.0191434.ref002]\\]. ", "Childhood obesity has adverse long-term health implications, especially for cardiometabolic conditions like hypertension, diabetes and ischaemic heart disease \\[[@pone.0191434.ref003]\\]. ", "The underlying pathology in these diseases occurs at the level of the microvasculature \\[[@pone.0191434.ref004], [@pone.0191434.ref005]\\].", "\n\nObesity-related endothelial function has been observed in both animal and human studies. ", "Among obese rats, obesity has been found to increase endothelial susceptibility to hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress \\[[@pone.0191434.ref006]\\]. ", "Interestingly, animal models have shown that this protein kinase C-mediated endothelial damage is also central to the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications \\[[@pone.0191434.ref007]\\] such as retinopathy \\[[@pone.0191434.ref008], [@pone.0191434.ref009]\\] and nephropathy \\[[@pone.0191434.ref010]\\]. ", "This pathway is likewise operative in humans, in whom protein kinase C blockade reduces endothelial dysfunction secondary to hyperglycaemia, both in diabetic \\[[@pone.0191434.ref011]\\] and non-diabetic subjects \\[[@pone.0191434.ref012]\\].", "\n\nAlthough obesity is often linked with metabolic disease, increased body weight per se is independently associated with impaired endothelium-related coronary vessel function \\[[@pone.0191434.ref013]\\]. ", "Healthy obese adults have been noted to have poorer endothelial function than their non-obese counterparts \\[[@pone.0191434.ref014]--[@pone.0191434.ref016]\\]. ", "Similarly, endothelial dysfunction has been demonstrated in obese children \\[[@pone.0191434.ref017], [@pone.0191434.ref018]\\]. ", "In these children, compensatory elevation of circulating endothelial progenitor cell counts suggest that in early life, obesity-mediated endothelial dysfunction may still be reversible \\[[@pone.0191434.ref019]\\].", "\n\nMicrovasculature abnormalities in obesity may be visualized non-invasively via digital retinal vessel analysis \\[[@pone.0191434.ref020]\\]. ", "Based on the optimum design principle, the architecture of the human microvasculature is designed to be energy-efficient, i.e, to provide adequate perfusion with the minimum of energy expenditure \\[[@pone.0191434.ref021]\\]. ", "Retinal vascular geometry not only reflects the complexity of the vascular tree, but also provides insight into the 'optimality' of the microcirculation \\[[@pone.0191434.ref022]\\]. ", "Retinal vascular caliber has previously been shown to be abnormal in obese adults \\[[@pone.0191434.ref023]\\]. ", "These changes begin even in childhood, with an inverse association between body mass index and arteriolar caliber \\[[@pone.0191434.ref024], [@pone.0191434.ref025]\\]. ", "Newer retinal vascular parameters, such as fractal dimension, branching coefficient, and tortuosity have been associated with obesity-linked microvascular diseases including hypertension \\[[@pone.0191434.ref026]\\], diabetes \\[[@pone.0191434.ref027]\\] and stroke \\[[@pone.0191434.ref028]\\]. ", "However, few studies have examined the effect of obesity per se on these novel vessel parameters \\[[@pone.0191434.ref024], [@pone.0191434.ref029]\\]. ", "Our study thus aimed to compare retinal vascular geometry between obese and non-obese children.", "\n\nMaterials and methods {#sec006}\n=====================\n\nStudy population {#sec007}\n----------------\n\nThis was a cross-sectional prospective study conducted in the Eye Clinic of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia between January 2015 and March 2016. ", "A total of 166 children aged 6 to 12 years old were recruited. ", "The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Sains Malaysia. ", "The conduct of the study followed the tenets of the declaration of Helsinki.", "\n\nChildren who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were invited to participate. ", "The inclusion criteria was age between 6 and 12 years old at the time of examination, a best corrected visual acuity better than 6/12, and a normal eye examination. ", "Exclusion criteria was strabismus, amblyopia, optic nerve abnormalities, high refractive errors (based on spherical equivalent of ±4.0 diopters\\], history of ocular trauma, ocular pathology, developmental delay, and systemic illnesses like diabetes or hypertension. ", "Informed written consent was obtained from at least one parent, as well as verbal assent from the child.", "\n\nOcular examination, refraction and axial length measurement {#sec008}\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\nUpon arrival at the eye clinic, distance visual acuity was assessed monocularly using a Snellen chart for distance (Reichert; NY) at six meters. ", "A comprehensive eye examination including pupillary examination, anterior segment examination and complete retinal evaluation was performed. ", "An autokeratorefractometer (Model RK5; Canon Inc, Tokyo, Japan) was used to obtain three consecutive readings of sphere and cylinder, with a maximum acceptable difference of 0.25 diopters between the lowest and highest readings. ", "Spherical equivalent was calculated as the value of the sphere plus half of the value of the cylinder. ", "The right eye axial length was measured using a non-contact partial coherence interferometer (IOL Master, Carl Zeiss Meditec; Jena, Germany). ", "The mean axial length was derived from a mean of five consecutive readings. ", "An acceptable reading had a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 2 mm, and a difference of 0.05 mm or less between the lowest and highest reading.", "\n\nAnthropometric measurements {#sec009}\n---------------------------\n\nBlood pressure was measured in the sitting position after 5 minutes of rest, using a digital automated sphygmomanometer (Model SEM-1 \\[HEM-7051-C12\\], Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd.; Kyoto, Japan) with an appropriate-sized cuff. ", "The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure was obtained from two readings. ", "A third blood pressure reading would be obtained if the difference between the first two readings were greater than 10 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or 5 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure (DBP).", "\n\nHeight and weight were measured with a height and weight measuring scale (Model 220, Seca; Hamburg, Germany) according to standard protocols. ", "Height was recorded to the nearest 1 mm. ", "Weight was recorded to the nearest 0.1 kg. ", "Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight divided by the height squared (kg per meter squared). ", "Obesity was classified as BMI of \\> 2 SD (standard deviation) above the mean, based on World Health Organization age and sex-specific growth charts.", "\n\nRetinal examination and vascular analyses {#sec010}\n-----------------------------------------\n\nPupil dilation was achieved with a single drop of topical phenylephrine 2.5% and tropicamide 1%, after which 45 degree optic disc-centered retinal photographs were taken of both eyes using a digital fundus camera (Model VX-10, Kowa; Tokyo, Japan). ", "If both images were of equivalent quality, the image from the right eye was selected. ", "A single grader, masked to participant identity, performed the retinal vessel analysis using a validated semi-automated computed software, SIVA (Singapore I Vessel Assessment; National University of Singapore, Singapore).", "\n\nSIVA is a semi-automated program in which all retinal vessels greater than 25 um in diameter located between one-half to two disc diameters from the optic disc margin are outlined and their edges marked using a pixel density histogram. ", "Retinal vascular parameters are estimated based on measurements of the biggest six arterioles and venules in this area (zone C) ([Fig 1](#pone.0191434.g001){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Based on the Knudtson-Parr-Hubbard formula, the average retinal arteriolar and venular caliber were calculated and summarized as the central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) \\[[@pone.0191434.ref030]\\]. ", "The software also automatically provided their ratio (arteriovenous ratio, AVR). ", "Correction for the effect of ocular magnification on vessel sizes was performed using the Bengtsson formula \\[[@pone.0191434.ref031]\\].", "\n\n{#pone.0191434.g001}\n\nRetinal fractal dimension (Df) is calculated from the outlined retinal vessels using the 'box-counting method'. ", "In this method, the digital retinal image is compartmentalized into equally-sized squares (i.e. boxes), then the number of squares containing the skeletonized (i.e outlined) segments of retinal vessels is calculated \\[[@pone.0191434.ref032]\\]. ", "The process is then repeated with squares of differing sizes. ", "The fractal dimension is the gradient of the logarithm of the number of squares through which the vessel outline passes against the logarithm of the size of the square. ", "Larger values represent a more complex branching pattern.", "\n\nBranching coefficient (BC) is a method of estimating the ratio between the diameters of the main vessel and the diameters of its branches, or 'daughter vessels'. ", "It is given by the area ratio: $BC = \\frac{\\left( {S_{1}^{2} + S_{2}^{2}} \\right)}{S^{2}}$, where S is the root, or main segment of vessel, and S~1~ and S~2~ are its branches \\[[@pone.0191434.ref033]\\]. ", "A higher BC reflects similarly sized vessel diameters between the main vessel and its branch, while a lower BC is related to a decrease in the diameters of the branches compared to the main vessel ([Fig 2](#pone.0191434.g002){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n{#pone.0191434.g002}\n\nRetinal tortuosity is an index, represented as simple tortuosity (sTORT) and curvature tortuosity (cTORT). ", "STORT is calculated by the actual length of vessel divided by the Euclidean distance between the first and last points of that vessel (i.e., the length of the straight line connecting the two points) \\[[@pone.0191434.ref034]\\]. ", "CTORT is defined as the integral of curvature square along the path of the vessel divided by the total arc length \\[[@pone.0191434.ref035]\\]. ", "A lower tortuosity index represents straighter vessels.", "\n\nStatistical analyses {#sec011}\n--------------------\n\nStatistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). ", "Chi-square test was used to determine the association between obese, non-obese children and gender. ", "Independent t-test was used to determine the mean differences of numerical variables between obese and non-obese children. ", "Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to determine the mean differences in dependent variables (i.e., caliber, Df, AVR, BC, sTORT, cTORT) between obese and non-obese children, with adjustment for possible confounding variables (i.e., age, gender, SBP, DBP and axial length) \\[[@pone.0191434.ref036]\\]. ", "Several models were tested for each dependent variable with correction for confounding variables in ANCOVA; Model 1 was adjusted for age and gender, Model 2 was adjusted for age, gender, SBP and DBP, and Model 3 was adjusted for age, gender, SBP, DBP, and axial length. *", "P* values of \\<0.05 were considered statistically significant.", "\n\nResults {#sec012}\n=======\n\nA total of 166 Malay children were included in this study. ", "Their mean age was 9.58 years. ", "Approximately 50% were female. ", "51.2% were categorized as obese. ", "Other systemic demographics and retinal vascular parameters are summarized in [Table 1](#pone.0191434.t001){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "Obese children had a significantly lower retinal arteriolar caliber and arteriovenous ratio than non-obese children. ", "Conversely, the venular Df, BC and cTORT were significantly higher in obese children than in non-obese children.", "\n\n10.1371/journal.pone.0191434.t001\n\n###### Characteristics of participants in obese and non-obese groups.", "\n\n![](", "pone.0191434.t001){#pone.0191434.t001g}\n\n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Variables Obese\\ Non-obese\\ t-statistic\\ p-value \n (n = 85)\\ (n = 81)\\ (df = 164) \n Mean ± SD Mean ± SD \n ------------------------------ ----------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------\n Gender: Boy 47 (55.3%)[^a^](#t001fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 33 (40.7%)[^a^](#t001fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 3.52 (1)[^b^](#t001fn003){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 0.06[^b^](#t001fn003){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n\n Girl 38 (44.7%)[^a^](#t001fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} 48 (59.3%)[^a^](#t001fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \n\n Age, years 9.53 ± 1.62 9.64 ± 1.75 -0.43 0.668\n\n SBP, mm Hg 109.40 ± 11.84 107.53 ± 11.55 1.03 0.304\n\n DBP, mm Hg 69.95 ± 10.24 65.27 ± 8.39 3.21 0.002[\\*](#t001fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n\n Axial length, mm 23.22 ± 0.80 23.01 ± 0.75 1.74 0.084\n\n Retinal Vascular Parameters: \n\n Caliber Arterial 165.84 ± 11.87 172.39 ± 13.25 3.36 0.001[\\*](#t001fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n\n Venular 253.41 ± 18.66 250.35 ± 16.22 -1.13 0.261\n\n Arteriovenous ratio 0.66±0.04 0.69±0.05 -4.83 \\<0.001[\\*](#t001fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n\n Fractal dimension: Arterial 1.21 ± 0.05 1.22 ± 0.05 -1.44 0.152\n\n Venular 1.21 ± 0.05 1.19 ± 0.05 2.04 0.043[\\*](#t001fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n\n Branching coefficient: Arterial 1.41 ± 0.41 1.43 ± 0.27 -0.37 0.716\n\n Venular 1.33 ± 0.32 1.24 ± 0.25 2.05 0.042[\\*](#t001fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n\n Simple tortuosity: Arterial 1.10 ± 0.02 1.09 ± 0.02 1.46 0.146\n\n Venular 1.10 ± 0.01 1.10 ± 0.02 0.568 0.571\n\n Curvature tortuosity: Arterial 6.41 ± 1.04 6.24 ± 1.11 1.06 0.292\n\n Venular 6.73 ± 0.90 6.43 ± 0.71 2.37 0.019[\\*](#t001fn004){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nSBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation\n\n^a^Frequency (percentage)\n\n^b^Chi-square test and its p-value.", "\n\n\\*Statistical difference (p \\< 0.05) between the obese and non-obese group\n\nThe differences in the arteriolar caliber, AVR, venular Df and venular cTORT between obese and non-obese children remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, SBP, DBP and axial length ([Table 2](#pone.0191434.t002){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "After multivariable adjustment, there was no significant difference in venular BC between obese and non-obese children.", "\n\n10.1371/journal.pone.0191434.t002\n\n###### Comparison of retinal vascular parameters (caliber, fractal dimension, branching coefficient, tortuosity) between obese and non-obese children.", "\n\n![](", "pone.0191434.t002){#pone.0191434.t002g}\n\n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Retinal Vascular Parameters Obese (n = 85) Adjusted mean\\ Non-obese (n = 81) Adjusted mean\\ Mean difference\\ F (df) *P* value \n (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) \n ----------------------------- ------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------\n Caliber: \n\n Arterial Model 1 166.035\\ 172.046\\ -6.011\\ 9.369 (1, 162) 0.003[\\*](#t002fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n (163.348, 168.721) (169.278, 174.813) (-9.889, -2.133) \n\n Model 2 166.196\\ 171.879\\ -5.683\\ 7.928 (1, 160) 0.005[\\*](#t002fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n (163.483, 168.909) (169.081, 174.677) (-9.669, -1.697) \n\n Model 3 166.557\\ 171.581\\ -5.023\\ 6.862 (1, 159) 0.010[\\*](#t002fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n (163.983, 169.132) (168.927, 174.234) (-8.810, -1.236) \n\n Venular Model 1 253.544\\ 250.118\\ 3.426\\ 1.538 (1, 162) 0.217\n (249.765, 257.322) (246.225, 254.011) (-2.030, 8.881) \n\n Model 2 253.521\\ 250.144\\ 3.377\\ 1.380 (1, 160) 0.242\n (249.658, 257.385) (246.159, 254.129) (-2.299, 9.054) \n\n Model 3 253.873\\ 249.853\\ 4.020\\ 2.036 (1, 159) 0.156\n (250.090, 257.657) (245.954, 253.752) (-1.545, 9.585) \n\n Arteriovenous ratio Model 1 0.656 (0.647, 0.666) 0.689 (0.679, 0.699) -0.033 (-0.046, -0.019) 21.288 (1, 162) \\<0.001[\\*](#t002fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n\n Model 2 0.657 (0.647, 0.667) 0.688 (0.678, 0.698) -0.031 (-0.046, -0.017) 18.392 (1, 160) \\<0.001[\\*](#t002fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \n\n Model 3 0.657 (0.648, 0.667) 0.688 (0.678, 0.698) -0.030 (-0.045, -0.016) 17.412 (1, 159) \\<0.001[\\*](#t002fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \n\n Fractal dimension: \n\n     Arterial Model 1 1.206 (1.196, 1.217) 1.219 (1.208, 1.229) -0.012 (-0.027, 0.003) 2.597 (1, 162) 0.109\n\n Model 2 1.207 (1.196, 1.217) 1.218 (1.207, 1.229) -0.011 (-0.027, 0.004) 2.052 (1, 160) 0.154 \n\n Model 3 1.207 (1.197, 1.218) 1.218 (1.207, 1.228) -0.010 (-0.026, 0.005) 1.721 (1, 159) 0.191 \n\n     Venular \n\n Model 1 1.208 (1.198, 1.218) 1.195 (1.184, 1.205) 0.013 (-0.001, 0.028) 3.158 (1, 162) 0.077 \n\n Model 2 1.208 (1.198, 1.218) 1.194 (1.184, 1.205) 0.014 (-0.001, 0.029) 3.454 (1, 160) 0.065 \n\n Model 3 1.209 (1.199, 1.219) 1.193 (1.183, 1.204) 0.015 (0.001, 0.030) 4.313 (1, 159) 0.039[\\*](#t002fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \n\n Branching coefficient: \n\n     Arterial Model 1 1.409 (1.335, 1.484) 1.433 (1.356, 1.509) -0.023 (-0.131, 0.084) 0.184 (1, 162) 0.669\n\n Model 2 1.413 (1.338, 1.489) 1.429 (1.350, 1.507) -0.015 (-0.127, 0.096) 0.072 (1, 160) 0.789 \n\n Model 3 1.414 (1.338, 1.490) 1.428 (1.349, 1.507) -0.014 (-0.126, 0.098) 0.061 (1, 159) 0.805 \n\n     Venular Model 1 1.323 (1.262, 1.385) 1.247 (1.183, 1.310) 0.076 (-0.012, 0.165) 2.891 (1, 162) 0.091\n\n Model 2 1.314 (1.252, 1.377) 1.256 (1.192, 1.321) 0.058 (-0.034, 0.150) 1.563 (1, 160) 0.213 \n\n Model 3 1.314 (1.251, 1.376) 1.257 (1.192, 1.321) 0.057 (-0.035, 0.150) 1.496 (1, 159) 0.223 \n\n Simple tortuosity: \n\n     Arterial Model 1 1.099 (1.095, 1.104) 1.094 (1.089, 1.098) 0.006 (0.001, 0.012) 3.352 (1, 162) 0.069\n\n Model 2 1.099 (1.095, 1.103) 1.094 (1.090, 1.099) 0.005 (-0.002, 0.011) 2.200 (1, 160) 0.140 \n\n Model 3 1.099 (1.095, 1.103) 1.094 (1.090, 1.098) 0.005 (-0.001, 0.011) 2.546 (1, 159) 0.113 \n\n     Venular Model 1 1.097 (1.094, 1.100) 1.096 (1.093, 1.099) 0.001 (-0.003, 0.005) 0.144 (1, 162) 0.705\n\n Model 2 1.097 (1.094, 1.100) 1.096 (1.093, 1.099) 0.001 (-0.003, 0.005) 0.226 (1, 160) 0.635 \n\n Model 3 1.097 (1.095, 1.100) 1.096 (1.093, 1.099) 0.002 (-0.003, 0.006) 0.500 (1, 159) 0.481 \n\n Curvature tortuosity: \n\n     Arterial Model 1 6.437 (6.209, 6.665) 6.200 (5.964, 6.435) 0.237 (-0.092, 0.567) 2.019 (1, 161) 0.157\n\n Model 2 6.426 (6.194, 6.658) 6.211 (5.971, 6.452) 0.214 (-0.127, 0.556) 1.535 (1, 159) 0.217 \n\n Model 3 6.428 (6.195, 6.662) 6.209 (5.967, 6.451) 0.220 (-0.124, 0.563) 1.593 (1, 158) 0.209 \n\n     Venular Model 1 6.727 (6.551, 6.903) 6.436 (6.254, 6.618) 0.291 (0.036, 0.545) 5.092 (1, 161) 0.025[\\*](#t002fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"}\n\n Model 2 6.727 (6.549, 6.905) 6.436 (6.251, 6.620) 0.291 (0.030, 0.553) 4.832 (1, 159) 0.029[\\*](#t002fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \n\n Model 3 6.733 (6.555, 6.911) 6.431 (6.246, 6.615) 0.302 (0.040, 0.565) 5.166 (1, 158) 0.024[\\*](#t002fn002){ref-type=\"table-fn\"} \n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nCI, confidence interval; Model-1, adjusted for age and gender; Model-2, adjusted for age, gender, SBP, DBP; Model-3, adjusted for age, gender, SBP, DBP and axial length\n\n\\*Statistical difference (p \\< 0.05) between the obese and non-obese group\n\nDiscussion {#sec013}\n==========\n\nChildhood obesity is a risk factor for various diseases, notably diabetes \\[[@pone.0191434.ref037]\\]. ", "Diabetic patients have previously been observed to have abnormal retinal vascular geometry \\[[@pone.0191434.ref038]\\]. ", "However, among obese individuals, data regarding these vessel parameters is scarce. ", "Retinal vessel analysis in obese children may identify early changes prior to the development of obesity-linked microvascular disease. ", "Our study demonstrates unique differences in retinal vascular parameters between obese and non-obese primary school children.", "\n\nWe found that obese children had significantly narrower retinal arterioles than non-obese children. ", "Among studies which have evaluated the effect of BMI on retinal vessels, significant differences in retinal arteriolar caliber have been noted between subjects in the lowest and highest BMI quartiles \\[[@pone.0191434.ref024], [@pone.0191434.ref025]\\]. ", "Although obese children showed a trend towards wider venules, this difference was not statistically significant, which is consistent with the literature \\[[@pone.0191434.ref039], [@pone.0191434.ref040]\\]. ", "BMI may have an indirect effect on the microvasculature via its association with increased blood pressure \\[[@pone.0191434.ref041], [@pone.0191434.ref042]\\], but our finding that the differences in retinal arteriolar caliber between obese and non-obese children persisted after adjustment for blood pressure supports the hypothesis that the arteriolar narrowing in obese children represents impaired vasodilatory function \\[[@pone.0191434.ref020]\\]. ", "These results are substantiated in animal studies; Frisbee et al demonstrated that in obese Zucker rats, there is enhancement of vasoconstrictor processes and impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses \\[[@pone.0191434.ref043]\\]. ", "The latter process may be mediated by nitric oxide (NO) \\[[@pone.0191434.ref044]\\], as evidenced by studies showing NO-dependent improvement in microvascular function after therapeutic interventions in obese rats \\[[@pone.0191434.ref045], [@pone.0191434.ref046]\\].", "\n\nWe observed that venular Df was significantly higher in obese children than in non-obese children. ", "These results differ from those of Gopinath et al, who found that fractal dimension was not significantly associated with body mass index \\[[@pone.0191434.ref024]\\]. ", "However, the authors later noted that carbohydrate intake and a high-glycaemic index diet were associated with greater retinal Df in girls \\[[@pone.0191434.ref047]\\]. ", "As nutrition and body mass index are inextricably intertwined, obese children may have greater Df due to a complex interplay between these factors and the microvasculature. ", "Df is a proxy for the geometric complexity of the retinal branching pattern, and is associated with hypertension \\[[@pone.0191434.ref048]\\] and lacunar stroke \\[[@pone.0191434.ref028]\\]. ", "Diabetic patients have been observed to have higher Df than controls \\[[@pone.0191434.ref049]\\]. ", "We postulate that the higher Df in obese children may represent microvascular alterations preceding the development of diabetes and its associated complications.", "\n\nRetinal venular BC was higher in obese children than among non-obese children, but after multivariable adjustment, the significance of these associations disappeared. ", "To our knowledge, no previous study has explored the relationship between obesity and BC. ", "Venular BC increases when the area of the branch venules increases disproportionately to that of the main vessel. ", "The selective effect on these venules is attributed to the fact that unlike in arterioles, where wall shear stress is lower in second-order arterioles, shear stress, such as occurs with elevated blood pressure, has been found to be similar in first and second-order venules \\[[@pone.0191434.ref050]\\]. ", "The thinner walls of second-order venules may less resistant to stress than first-order venules, resulting in endothelial inflammation. ", "In rat models, inflammation-induced vasodilation predominantly affects venules, substantiating our hypothesis \\[[@pone.0191434.ref051]\\]. ", "Endothelial inflammation also disrupts the delicate balance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses, resulting in damaged endothelial cells \\[[@pone.0191434.ref052]\\]. ", "As subclinical endothelial dysfunction is present in obese children, the underlying pathogenesis may be as discussed above \\[[@pone.0191434.ref053]\\].", "\n\nSuboptimal BC is not only an indirect measure of endothelial dysfunction; it is also associated with altered shear stress across the retinal vascular network, thus propagating a vicious cycle of inflammation and further injury \\[[@pone.0191434.ref054]\\]. ", "The increased stress on the vasculature may be compounded by various systemic factors, which may explain the lack of statistical significance in BC after adjustment for confounders. ", "Suboptimal BC has been linked to impairment in general cognitive ability and verbal fluency \\[[@pone.0191434.ref055]\\]. ", "Although the association of BC with cognition has not been specifically assessed in obese children, obese individuals have been found to have poorer cognitive ability than controls \\[[@pone.0191434.ref056]\\]. ", "Further studies are required to determine whether these findings are reflective of the suboptimal BC in obese patients.", "\n\nAlthough our STORT values were similar in both groups, we found a significantly higher venular cTORT in obese than non-obese children. ", "These results differed from those of Sasongko et al, in which no association of body mass index with tortuosity was observed \\[[@pone.0191434.ref029]\\]. ", "As sTORT cannot distinguish between true tortuosity (multiple points of inflection) and increased length of the vessel due to bowing, cTORT may be a more accurate measure of vessel tortuosity \\[[@pone.0191434.ref057]\\]. ", "Increased retinal venular tortuosity is associated with diabetic retinopathy \\[[@pone.0191434.ref058]\\] and cognitive impairment \\[[@pone.0191434.ref059]\\]. ", "Vessels become more tortuous in response to increased transmural pressure \\[[@pone.0191434.ref060]\\], which may explain the association of tortuosity with blood pressure \\[[@pone.0191434.ref026]\\]. ", "The selective increase in venular tortuosity may be attributed to the relative paucity of smooth muscle in venular walls, making them more vulnerable to distortion than arterioles, which have a more developed tunica media. ", "Furthermore, retinal arteriolar autoregulation in response to various factors such as pressure, shear stress and metabolic demand may also explain the observed lack of association of arteriolar parameters with obesity \\[[@pone.0191434.ref061]\\].", "\n\nEvaluation of retinal vascular geometry in a cohort of obese children free of other systemic disease enables non-invasive identification of early retinal microvascular alterations prior to the development of overt disease. ", "Our study confirms the previous observations of retinal arteriolar narrowing in obesity, and identifies novel abnormalities in venular Df and cTORT among obese children. ", "The strengths of this study include its objective quantification of retinal vascular geometry via a semi-automated, validated computer program, its sampling of subjects from a single ethnic group, adjustment for multiple confounders and the use of vessel indices that are independent of magnification error and cardiac cycle \\[[@pone.0191434.ref062]\\]. ", "However, the cross-sectional nature of this study limits our ability to make inferences of a temporal nature, and body mass index merely acts as a substitute for obesity. ", "Combining body mass index with other adiposity-related measures such as fat mass by skin-fold thickness may strengthen the clinical significance of these findings \\[[@pone.0191434.ref040], [@pone.0191434.ref063]\\]. ", "There is also a need for prospective, longitudinal studies to demonstrate the sequential changes of the microvasculature which occur in the development of obesity-related disease.", "\n\nConclusion {#sec014}\n==========\n\nObese children have abnormal retinal vascular geometry. ", "These findings suggest that the microvascular abnormalities observed in obesity-related diseases like diabetes have their origins in childhood. ", "Retinal vascular geometry may thus represent a biomarker for risk stratification, as well as a potential therapeutic target for obesity interventions.", "\n\nSupporting information {#sec015}\n======================\n\n###### Systemic, ocular and retinal vascular parameters of study subjects.", "\n\n(DOCX)\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.", "\n\n[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "NUCLEAR DETERRENCE. ", "SSBN Le Terrible (SNLE in French), is France's fourth and last nuclear powered ballistic missile submarine of the Le Triomphant class. ", "It is the first in its class to be equipped with the M51 weapon deterrent system. ", "The submarine houses 16 type M51 missiles. ", "Each missile is equipped with a warhead carrying several nuclear bombs . ", "The destructive power of the ensemble of bombs housed in the submarine equals 500 times the power of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima and the missiles can reach within 50 meters of targets placed at intercontinental distances, exact figures withheld by the French Navy.", "\n\nJean Gaumy, as a loyal and respected observer of the Navy, was the sole witness of the completion and testing of the submarine Le Terrible. ", "Over the course of a few days he participated in and documented the first mission of the vessel during its departure from Brest in March 2011. ", "Jean Gaumy has respected the protection of all top secret classified information. ", "Some details of certain photographs (see captions) have been deliberately erased, processed and/or blurred for the protection of top secret information.", "\n\nJean Gaumy had previously accompanied a top secret mission in 2006, as a filmmaker to work on his film Submarine aboard a nuclear attack submarine during a series of dives in the Arctic that lasted four months. ", "He was officially nominated Peintre de la Marine Française (Painter of the French Navy) in 2008.With regard to nuclear power, it was a few years ago that Jean Gaumy began an in depth exploration of the contaminated territories of Chernobyl in Ukraine. ", "He will soon photograph those of Fukishima in Japan." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Preoperative cervical priming by intracervical application of a new sulprostone gel.", "\nIn a prospective, randomised dose-finding study involving 60 women scheduled for termination of 1st trimester pregnancy, 25 micrograms, 50 micrograms or 100 micrograms of a sulprostone gel with a constant injection volume of 2.5 ml were applied intracervically 6-8 hours before curettage. ", "The gelatinising agent was Pluronic F 127, which is liquid at temperatures less than 20 degrees C but gelatinises immediately at body temperature. ", "A sterile, ready-to-use gel can be produced within a minute by mixing the active substance with the gelatinising agent; this rules out any loss of activity due to storage of the substances. ", "The priming effect was verified in 30 patients by means of comparative examinations with a special tonometer before application of the gel and immediately before the surgical procedure. ", "The 100-micrograms dosage proved to be the most effective method in nulliparae, achieving a mean free patency (i.e. force less than 1 Newton) of 8.7 mm. ", "In primiparae and multiparae, a comparable good effect was achieved with the 50-micrograms dose. ", "After application of 25 micrograms sulprostone gel, the mean free patency was only 5.3 mm in the nulliparae and 8.5 mm in the primiparae and multiparae. ", "The results of the tonometric studies agreed with the clinical documentation of the priming effect, which was assessed by means of a special score. ", "The efficiency of the cervical priming correlated with the rate of vaginal bleeding and with the frequency of contraction-related lower abdominal pain. ", "According to the present results, local application of this sulprostone gel represents a practicable and promising method for preoperative cervical priming because of its special electromechanical properties." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Geo Films\n\nGeo Films is a film production and distribution company owned by Geo Television Network based in Karachi, Pakistan. ", "Geo Films distributes Hollywood, Bollywood and Lollywood films in cinemas across Pakistan.", "\n\nFilms distributed \nThe following is the complete list of films distributed by Geo Films in Pakistan:\n\nBackground color indicates domestic films\n\nSee also\n List of film distributors in Pakistan\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n \n\nCategory:Media companies of Pakistan\nCategory:Film distributors of Pakistan" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)\n\nThe South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000) or the Security Zone conflict in Lebanon refers to 15 years of warfare between the Lebanese Christian proxy militias SLA with military and logistic support of Israel Defense Forces against Lebanese Muslim guerrillas led by the Iranian-backed Hezbollah, within what was defined as the \"Security Zone\" in South Lebanon. ", "It can also refer to the continuation of conflict in this region, beginning with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operations transfer to South Lebanon, following Black September in the Kingdom of Jordan. ", "Historical tension between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions fomented the violent Lebanese internal political struggle between many different factions. ", "In light of this, the South Lebanon conflict can be seen as a part of the Lebanese Civil War.", "\n\nIn earlier conflicts prior to the 1982 Israeli invasion, including Operation Litani, Israel attempted to eradicate PLO bases from Lebanon and support Christian Maronite militias. ", "The 1982 invasion resulted in the PLO's departure from Lebanon. ", "The creation of the Security Zone in South Lebanon benefited civilian Israelis, although at great cost to Palestinian and Lebanese civilians. ", "Despite this Israeli success in eradicating PLO bases and its partial withdrawal in 1985, the Israeli invasion increased the severity of conflict with local Lebanese militias and resulted in the consolidation of several local Shia Muslim movements in Lebanon, including Hezbollah and Amal, from a previously unorganized guerrilla movement in the south. ", "Over the years, military casualties of both sides grew higher, as both parties used more modern weaponry, and Hezbollah progressed in its tactics. ", "By the early 1990s, Hezbollah, with support from Syria and Iran, emerged as the leading group and military power, monopolizing guerrilla activity in South Lebanon.", "\n\nBy the year 2000, following an election campaign promise, newly elected Prime Minister Ehud Barak withdrew Israeli forces from Southern Lebanon within the year, in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution 425, passed in 1978; the withdrawal consequently resulted in the immediate total collapse of the South Lebanon Army. ", "The Lebanese government and Hezbollah still consider the withdrawal incomplete until Israel withdraws from Shebaa Farms. ", "Following the withdrawal, Hezbollah has monopolized its military and civil control of the southern part of Lebanon.", "\n\nBackground\n\nFollowing the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the 1949 Armistice Agreements were signed with United Nations mediation. ", "The Lebanese–Israeli agreement created the armistice line, which coincided exactly with the existing international boundary between Lebanon and Palestine from the Mediterranean to the Syrian tri-point on the Hasbani River. ", "From this tri-point on the Hasbani the boundary follows the river northward to the village of Ghajar, then northeast, forming the Lebanese–Syrian border. (", "The southern line from the tri-point represents the Palestine–Syria border of 1923.) ", "Israeli forces captured and occupied 13 villages in Lebanese territory during the conflict, including parts of Marjayun, Bint Jubayl, and areas near the Litani River, but withdrew following international pressure and the armistice agreement.", "\n\nAlthough the Israel–Lebanon border remained relatively quiet, entries in the diary of Moshe Sharett point to a continued territorial interest in the area. ", "On 16 May 1954, during a joint meeting of senior officials of the defense and foreign affairs ministries, Ben Gurion raised the issue of Lebanon due to renewed tensions between Syria and Iraq, and internal trouble in Syria. ", "Dayan expressed his enthusiastic support for entering Lebanon, occupying the necessary territory and creating a Christian regime that would ally itself with Israel. ", "The issue was raised again in discussions at the Protocol of Sèvres.", "\n\nThe Israeli victory in the 1967 Six-Day War vastly expanded their area occupied in all neighboring countries, with the exception of Lebanon, but this extended the length of the effective Lebanon–Israel border, with the occupation of the Golan Heights. ", "Although with a stated requirement for defense, later Israeli expansion into Lebanon under very similar terms followed the 1977 elections, which for the first time, brought the Revisionist Likud to power.", "\n\nEmerging conflict between Israel and Palestinian militants\n\nBeginning with the late 1960s and especially in the 1970s, following the defeat of PLO in Black September in Jordan, displaced Palestinians, including militants affiliated with the Palestinian Liberation Organization, began to settle in South Lebanon. ", "The unrestrained buildup of Palestinian militia, and the large autonomy they exercised, led to the popular term \"Fatahland\" for South Lebanon. ", "Since the mid 1970s the tensions between the various Lebanese factions and Palestinians had exploded, resulting in Lebanese Civil War.", "\n\nFollowing multiple attacks launched by Palestinian organizations in the 1970, which increased with the Lebanese Civil War, the Israeli government decided to take action. ", "Desiring to break up and destroy this PLO stronghold, Israel briefly invaded Lebanon in 1978, but the results of this invasion were mixed. ", "The PLO was pushed north of the Litani River and a buffer zone was created to keep them from returning, with the placement of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL). ", "In addition and despite earlier covert support, Israel established a second buffer with renegade Saad Haddad's Christian Free Lebanon Army enclave (initially based only in the towns of Marjayoun and Qlayaa); the now-public Israeli military commitment to the Christian forces was strengthened. ", "For the first time however, Israel received substantive adverse publicity in the world press due to damage in South Lebanon, in which some 200,000 Lebanese (mostly Shia Muslims) fled the area and ended up in the southern suburbs of Beirut; this indirectly resulted in the Syrian forces in Lebanon turning against the Christians in late June and complicated the dynamics of the ongoing Lebanese Civil War.", "\n\n1982 Israeli invasion\n\nIn 1982, the Israeli military began \"Operation Peace for Galilee\", a full scale invasion of Lebanese territory. ", "The invasion followed the 1978 Litani Operation, which gave Israel possession of the territory near the Israeli–Lebanese border. ", "This follow-up invasion attempted to weaken the PLO as a unified political and military force and eventually led to the withdrawal of PLO and Syrian forces from Lebanon. ", "By the end of this operation, Israel got control over Lebanon from Beirut southward, and attempted to install a pro-Israeli government in Beirut to sign a peace accord with it. ", "This goal had never realized, partly because of the assassination of President Bashir Gemayel in September 1982, and the refusal of the Lebanese Parliament to endorse the accord. ", "The withdrawal of the PLO forces in 1982 forced some Lebanese nationalists to start a resistance against the Israeli army led by the Lebanese Communist Party and Amal movement. ", "During this time, some Amal members started the formation of an Islamic group supported by Iran that was the nucleus of the future \"Islamic Resistance\", and eventually become Hezbollah.", "\n\nChronology\n\nOccupation period 1982–1985 – the emergence of Hezbollah\n\nIncreased hostilities against the US resulted in the April 1983 United States Embassy bombing. ", " In response, the US brokered the May 17 Agreement, in an attempt to stall hostilities between Israel and Lebanon. ", "However, this agreement eventually failed to take shape, and hostilities continued. ", "In October, the United States Marines barracks in Beirut was bombed (usually attributed to the Islamic Resistance groups). ", "Following this incident, the United States withdrew its military forces from Lebanon.", "\n\nSuicide bombings became increasingly popular at this time, and were a major concern of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) both near Beirut and in the South. ", "Among the most serious were the two suicide bombings against the Israeli headquarters in Tyre, which killed 103 soldiers, border policemen, and Shin Bet agents, and also killed 49–56 Lebanese. ", "Israel believes those acts were among the first organized actions made by Shi'ite militants, later forming into Hizbullah. ", "Subsequently, Israel withdrew from the Shouf Mountains, but continued to occupy Lebanon south of the Awali River.", "\n\nAn increased number of Islamic militias began operating in South Lebanon, launching guerrilla attacks on Israeli and pro-Israel militia positions. ", "Israeli forces often responded with increased security measures and airstrikes on militant positions, and casualties on all sides steadily climbed. ", "In a vacuum left with eradication of PLO, the disorganized Islamic militants in South Lebanon began to consolidate. ", "The emerging Hezbollah, soon to become the preeminent Islamic militia, evolved during this period. ", "However, scholars disagree as to when Hezbollah came to be regarded as a distinct entity. ", "Over time, a number of Shi’a group members were slowly assimilated into the organization, such as Islamic Jihad members, Organization of the Oppressed on Earth, and the Revolutionary Justice Organization.", "\n\nIsraeli withdrawal to Security Zone\n\nOn 16 February 1985, Israel withdrew from Sidon and turned it over to the Lebanese Army, but faced attacks: 15 Israelis were killed and 105 wounded during the withdrawal. ", "Dozens of SLA members were also assassinated. ", "From mid-February to mid-March, the Israelis lost 18 dead and 35 wounded. ", "On 11 March, Israeli forces raided the town of Zrariyah, killing 40 Amal fighters and capturing a large stock of arms. ", "On 9 April, a Shiite girl drove a car bomb into an IDF convoy, and the following day, a soldier was killed by a land mine. ", "During that same period, Israeli forces killed 80 Lebanese guerrillas in five weeks. ", "Another 1,800 Shi'as were taken as prisoners. ", "Israel withdrew from the Bekaa valley on 24 April, and from Tyre on the 29th, but continued to occupy a security zone in Southern Lebanon.", "\n\nBeginning of the security zone conflict\nIn 1985 Hezbollah released an open letter to \"The Downtrodden in Lebanon and in the World\", which stated that the world was divided between the oppressed and the oppressors. ", "The oppressors were named to be mainly the United States and Israel. ", " This letter legitimized and praised the use of violence against the enemies of Islam, mainly the West.", "\n\nIsraeli and SLA forces in the security zone began to come under attack. ", "The first major incident occurred in August 1985, when Lebanese guerrillas believed to have been from Amal ambushed an Israeli convoy: two Israeli soldiers and three of the attackers were killed in the ensuing firefight.", "\n\nLebanese guerrilla attacks, mainly the work of Hezbollah, increased. ", "Fighting the Israeli occupation included hit-and-run guerrilla attacks, suicide bombings, and the Katyusha rocket attacks on civilian targets in Northern Israel, including Kiryat Shmona. ", "The Katyusha proved to be an effective weapon and became a mainstay of Hezbollah military capabilities in South Lebanon. ", "The attacks resulted in both military and civilian casualties. ", "However, a considerable number of Lebanese guerillas were killed fighting Israeli and SLA troops, and many were captured. ", "Prisoners were often detained in Israeli military prisons, or by the SLA in the Khiam detention center, where detainees were often tortured. ", "Lebanese prisoners in Israel were arrested and detained for participating in guerrilla movements, and many were held for long periods of time.", "\n\nIn 1987 Hezbollah fighters from the Islamic Resistance stormed and conquered an outpost in Bra’shit belonging to the South Lebanon Army in the security zone. ", "A number of its defenders were killed or taken prisoner and the Hezbollah flag was raised on top of it. ", "A Sherman tank was blown up and a M113 Armored Personal Carrier was captured and driven triumphantly all the way to Beirut.", "\n\nIn May 1988, Israel launched an offensive codenamed Operation Law and Order in which 1,500-2,000 Israeli soldiers raided the area around the Lebanese village of Maidun. ", "In two days of fighting, the IDF killed 50 Hizbullah fighters while losing 3 dead and 17 wounded.", "\n\nAfter Israel destroyed Hezbollah's headquarters in the town of Marrakeh, a Hezbollah suicide bomber destroyed an Israeli transport truck carrying soldiers on the Israel-Lebanon border. ", "In response, Israeli forces ambushed two Hezbollah vehicles, killing eight Hezbollah fighters.", "\n\nOn 28 July 1989, Israeli commandos captured Sheikh Abdul Karim Obeid, the leader of Hezbollah. ", "This action led to the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolution 638, which condemned all hostage takings by all sides.", "\n\nTaif Accord\nThe Lebanese Civil War officially came to an end with the 1989 Ta'if Accord, but the armed combat continued at least until October 1990, and in South Lebanon until at least 1991. ", " In fact, the continued Israeli presence in South Lebanon resulted in continued low-intensity warfare and sporadic major combat until the Israeli withdrawal in 2000.", "\n\nPost Civil War conflict\n\nThough the majority of the Lebanese civil war conflicts ended in the months following the Ta'if Accord, Israel kept maintaining a military presence in South Lebanon. ", "Consequently, the Islamic Resistance, by now dominated by Hezbollah, continued operations in the South. ", "On 16 February 1992, Hezbollah leader Abbas al-Musawi was killed along with his wife, son and four others when Israeli AH-64 Apache helicopter gunships fired three missiles at his motorcade. ", "The Israeli attack came in retaliation for the killings of three Israeli soldiers two days earlier when their camp was infiltrated. ", "Hezbollah responded with rocket fire onto the Israeli security zone, and Israel then fired back and sent two armored columns past the security zone to hit Hezbollah strongholds in Kafra and Yater. ", "Musawi was succeeded by Hassan Nasrallah. ", "One of Nasrallah's first public declarations was the \"retribution\" policy: If Israel hit Lebanese civilian targets, then Hezbollah would retaliate with attacks on Israeli territory. ", " Meanwhile, Hezbollah continued attacks against IDF targets within occupied Lebanese territory. ", "In response to the attack, Ehud Sadan, the chief of security at the Israeli Embassy in Turkey was assassinated by a car bomb.", "\n\nIn 1993, hostilities flared again. ", "After a month of Hezbollah shelling on Israeli towns and attacks on its soldiers, Israel conducted a seven-day operation in July 1993 called Operation Accountability in order to hit Hezbollah. ", "One Israeli soldier and 8–50 Hezbollah fighters were killed in the operation, along with 2 Israeli and 118 Lebanese civilians. ", "After one week of fighting in South Lebanon, a mutual agreement mediated by the United States prohibited attacks on civilian targets by both parts.", "\n\nThe end of Operation Accountability saw a few days of calm before light shelling resumed. ", "On August 17, a major artillery exchange took place, and two days later, nine Israeli soldiers were killed in two Hezbollah attacks. ", "Israel responded with airstrikes against Hezbollah positions, killing at least two Hezbollah fighters.", "\n\nContinued hostility in late 1990s\n\nIn May 1994, Israeli commandos kidnapped an Amal leader, Mustafa Dirani, and in June, an Israeli airstrike against a training camp killed 30–45 Hezbollah cadets. ", "Hezbollah retaliated by firing four barrages of Katyusha rockets into northern Israel.", "\n\nIn May 1995, four Hezbollah fighters were killed in a firefight with Israeli troops while trying to infiltrate an Israeli position.", "\n\nOperation Grapes of Wrath in 1996 resulted in the deaths of more than 150 civilians and refugees, most of them in the shelling of a United Nations base at Qana. ", "Within a few days, a ceasefire was agreed between Israel and Hezbollah, committing to avoid civilian casualties; however, combat continued for at least two months. ", "A total of 14 Hezbollah fighters, about a dozen Syrian soldiers, and 3 Israeli soldiers were killed in the fighting.", "\n\nBrig. ", "Gen. Eli Amitai, the IDF commander of the security zone, was lightly injured 14 December 1996 when an IDF convoy he was travelling in was ambushed in the eastern sector of the security zone. ", "Less than a week later Amitai was again lightly injured when Hezbollah unleashed a mortar barrage on an SLA position near Bra'shit he was visiting together with Maj. ", "Gen. Amiram Levine, head of the IDF's Northern Command.", "\n\nIn December 1996, two SLA soldiers were killed in three days of fighting, and a Hezbollah fighter was also killed by Israeli soldiers.", "\n\nOn 4 February 1997, two Israeli transport helicopters collided over She'ar Yashuv in Northern Israel while waiting for clearance to fly into Lebanon. ", "A total of 73 IDF soldiers were killed in the disaster. ", "On 28 February one Israeli soldier and four Hezbollah guerrillas were killed in a clash.", "\n\nThroughout 1997, Israeli special forces, particularly the Egoz Reconnaissance Unit, hampered Hezbollah's ability to infiltrate the security zone and plant roadside bombs by staking out Hezbollah infiltration trails. ", "Encouraged by these successes, Israeli commandos began conducting raids north of the security zone to kill Hezbollah commanders. ", "In one particular raid, carried out on the night of August 3–4, 1997, Golani Brigade soldiers raided the village of Kfour and left behind three roadside bombs packed with ball bearings that were detonated from an Israeli Air Force UAV hours later, killing five Hezbollah members including two commanders. ", "However, on August 28, a major friendly fire incident occurred in Wadi Saluki during a clash between IDF troops from the Golani Brigade, together with air and artillery support, and Amal militants. ", "Although four Amal militants were killed, Israeli shelling started a fire that engulfed the area, killing four soldiers.", "\n\nOn 5 September 1997, a raid by 16 Israeli Shayetet 13 naval commandos failed after the troops stumbled into a Hezbollah and Amal ambush. ", "As the force headed towards its target, it was ambushed with IEDs and subjected to withering fire that killed the commander, Lt. ", "Col. ", "Yossi Korakin, and caused bombs being carried by another soldier to explode, killing more of the force. ", "The survivors radioed for help, and Israel immediately dispatched a rescue team from Unit 669 and Sayeret Matkal in two CH-53 helicopters. ", "A rescue force of helicopters and missile boats arrived to provide support as the rescuers evacuated the dead and survivors, conducting airstrikes. ", "Lebanese Army anti-aircraft units put up anti aircraft fire and fired illumination rounds at the helicopters, and an Israeli F-16 subsequently attacked an anti-aircraft position. ", "Hezbollah put up mortar fire, killing a doctor with the rescue force and damaging a helicopter and Israeli missile boats fired at the source of the mortar fire. ", "The battle ended when Israel, by means of contacting the US government and delivering a message to be passed on to Syria and from there to Hezbollah, threatened to respond with massive force if Hezbollah tried to stop the rescue mission, causing Hezbollah and Amal to cease fire while the Lebanese Army moved in. ", "Twelve Israelis were killed, along with six Hezbollah and Amal fighters and two Lebanese soldiers. ", "In 2010 Hassan Nasrallah claimed that Hezbollah had managed to hack into Israeli UAV:s flying over Lebanon and thus learn which route the commandos were planning to take and thus prepared the ambush accordingly. ", "On September 13–14, IDF raids in Lebanon killed a further four Hezbollah fighters and six Lebanese soldiers.", "\n\nOn September 12, 1997, three Hezbollah fighters were killed in an ambush by Egoz commandos on the edge of the security zone. ", "One of them was Hadi Nasrallah, the son of Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah. ", "On 25 May 1998 the remains of Israeli soldiers killed in the failed commando raid were exchanged for 65 Lebanese prisoners and the bodies of 40 Hezbollah fighters and Lebanese soldiers captured by Israel. ", "Among the bodies returned to Lebanon were the remains of Hadi Nasrallah.", "\n\nDuring 1998, 21 Israeli soldiers were killed in southern Lebanon. ", "Israel undertook a concerted campaign to hamper Hezbollah's capabilities, and in December 1998, the Israeli military assassinated Zahi Naim Hadr Ahmed Mahabi, a Hezbollah explosives expert, north of Baalbek.", "\n\n23 February 1999 an IDF paratrooper unit on a night time patrol was ambushed in south Lebanon. ", "Major Eitan Balahsan and two lieutenants were killed and another five soldiers were wounded.", "\n\nLess than a week later (28 February) a roadside bomb exploded on the road between Kfar Ka’urkabeh and Arnoun in the Israeli-occupied security zone. ", "Brigadier General Erez Gerstein, commander of the Golani Brigade and head of the IDF Liaison Unit in Lebanon, thus the highest ranking Israeli officer serving in Lebanon at the time, as well as two Druze Israeli soldiers and one Israeli journalist were killed in the blast.", "\n\nIn May 1999 Hezbollah forces simultaneously attacked 14 Israeli and SLA outposts in south Lebanon. ", "The outpost in Beit Yahoun compound belonging to the SLA was overrun and one SLA soldier was taken prisoner. ", "The Hizbullah fighters made off with an Armoured Personnel Carrier (APC). ", "The area was bombed by the Israeli Air Force. ", "The captured APC was paraded through the southern suburbs of Beirut.", "\n\nIn one notable battle, Hezbollah saboteurs surprised an IDF force from the Golani Brigade stationed in an old fort. ", "Two Israeli soldiers and three Hezbollah fighters were killed.", "\n\nIn August 1999, Hezbollah commander Ali Hassan Deeb, better known as Abu Hassan, a leader in Hezbollah's special force, was assassinated in an Israeli military operation. ", "Deeb was driving in Sidon when two roadside bombs were detonated by a remote signal from a UAV overhead.", "\n\nOverall, in the course of 1999, several dozen Hezbollah and Amal fighters were killed. ", "Twelve Israeli soldiers and one civilian were also killed, one of them in accident.", "\n\n2000: Israeli withdrawal and collapse of South Lebanon Army\n\nIn July 1999, Ehud Barak became Israel's Prime Minister, promising Israel would unilaterally withdraw to the international border by July 2000. ", "Prior to his actions, many believed that Israel would only withdraw from South Lebanon upon reaching an agreement with Syria.", "\n\nIn January 2000, Hezbollah assassinated the commander of the South Lebanon Army's Western Brigade, Colonel Aql Hashem, at his home in the security zone. ", "Hashem had been responsible for day-to-day operations of the SLA and was a leading candidate to succeed General Antoine Lahad. ", " After this assassination there were doubts about the leadership of the South Lebanon Army (SLA). ", "The pursuit and assassination of Hashim was documented step by step and the footage was broadcast on Hezbollah TV channel al-Manar. ", "The operation and the way it was presented in media dealt a devastating blow to the morale in the SLA.", "\n\nDuring the spring of 2000, Hezbollah operations stepped up considerably, with persistent harassment of Israeli military outposts in occupied Lebanese territory. ", "As preparation for the major withdrawal plan, Israeli forces began abandoning several forward positions within the security zone of South Lebanon. ", "On 24 May, Israel announced that it would withdraw all troops from South Lebanon. ", "All Israeli forces had withdrawn from Lebanon by the end of the next day, more than six weeks before its stated deadline of 7 July.", "\n\nThe Israeli pullout resulted in the collapse of the SLA and the rapid advance of Hezbollah forces into the area. ", "As the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) withdrew, thousands of Shi'a Lebanese rushed back to the South to reclaim their properties. ", "This withdrawal was widely considered a victory for Hezbollah and boosted its popularity in Lebanon. ", "The completeness of the withdrawal is still disputed as Lebanese Government and Hezbollah claim Israel still holds Shebaa farms, a small piece of territory on the Lebanon-Israel-Syria border, with disputed sovereignty.", "\n\nAs a Syrian-backed Lebanese government refused to demarcate its border with Israel, Israel worked with UN cartographers led by regional coordinator Terje Rød-Larsen to certify Israel had withdrawn from all occupied Lebanese territory. ", "On 16 June 2000, UN Security Council concluded that Israel had indeed withdrawn its forces from all of Lebanon, in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 425 (1978).", "\n\nIsrael considered this move as tactical withdrawal since it always regarded the Security Zone as a buffer zone to defend Israel's citizens. ", "By ending the occupation, Barak's cabinet assumed it would improve its worldwide image. ", "Ehud Barak has argued that \"Hezbollah would have enjoyed international legitimacy in their struggle against a foreign occupier\", if the Israelis had not unilaterally withdrawn without a peace agreement.", "\n\nAftermath\n\nUpon Israel's withdrawal, an increasing fear that Hezbollah would seek vengeance against those thought to have supported Israel became widespread among the Christian Lebanese of the Southern Lebanon. ", "During and after the withdrawal around 10,000 Lebanese, mostly Maronites, fled into Galilee. ", "Hezbollah later met with Lebanese Christian clerics to reassure them that the Israeli withdrawal was a victory for Lebanon as a nation, not just one sect or militia.", "\n\nThe tentative peace, resulting from the withdrawal, did not last. ", "On 7 October 2000 Hezbollah attacked Israel. ", "In a cross-border raid, three Israeli soldiers, who were patrolling the Lebanese border were attacked and abducted. ", "The event escalated into a 2-month fire exchanges between Israel and Hezbollah, primarily at the Hermon ridge. ", "The bodies of the abducted soldiers were returned to Israel in a January 2004 prisoner exchange involving 450 Lebanese prisoners held in Israeli jails. ", "The long-time Lebanese prisoner Samir al-Quntar was excluded from the deal. ", "The government of Israel, however, had agreed to a \"further arrangement\", whereby Israel would release Samir al-Quntar if it was supplied with \"tangible information on the fate of captive navigator Ron Arad\".", "\n\nAccording to Harel and Issacharoff the second phase of the prisoner exchange deal was only a \"legal gimmick\". ", "Israel was not satisfied with the information supplied by Hezbollah and refused to release al-Quntar. \"", "Cynics may well ask whether it was worth getting entangled in the Second Lebanon War just to keep Kuntar […] in prison for an extra few years.\"", "\n\nIn July 2006, Hezbollah performed a cross-border raid while shelling Israeli towns and villages. ", "During the raid Hezbollah succeeded in kidnapping two Israeli soldiers and killing eight others. ", "In retaliation Israel began the 2006 Lebanon War to rescue the abducted soldiers and to create a bufferzone in Southern Lebanon.", "\n\nSee also\n Syrian occupation of Lebanon\n 2008 conflict in Lebanon\n List of modern conflicts in the Middle East\n\nNotes\n\n*\nCategory:1980s in Lebanon\nCategory:1990s in Lebanon\nCategory:2000 in Lebanon\nCategory:1980s in Israel\nCategory:1990s in Israel\nCategory:2000 in Israel\nCategory:Military history of Israel\nCategory:Israeli–Hezbollah conflict" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Vallejo CA has its own set of laws governing exactly what to do with the estate and also ways to suit the deceased’s estate plan – or do not have thereof. ", "The procedure of closing an estate is looked after by the state’s court of probate system.", "\n\nSo, Vallejo CA attorneys that collaborate with probate laws and also estate administration concentrate on exactly what happens after a person dies, in contrast to estate preparation attorneys, that aim to put a strategy in place prior to death.", "\n\nA probate estate is each of the assets a person owns at their time of death that hinge on probate overseeing. ", "Probate administration is the method of confirming to a surrogate court that the bestowal is genuine.", "\n\nTerms to Know for Probate Administration in Vallejo CA\n\nEstate Taxes: Taxes the federal government levies when residential or commercial property is moved after death.", "\n\nExecutor: The individual that makes certain the estate is disposed inning accordance with the deceased’s desires.", "\n\nAdministrator: The individual accuseded of dealing with a deceased’s estate if that individual died without a will.", "\n\nBecause estate preparation and also estate administration are so interrelated, lots of attorneys that practice estate preparation additionally do estate administration. ", "Estate preparing attorneys have to comprehend exactly how their techniques will impact the estate administration, and also administration attorneys have to comprehend all the various estate preparation techniques.", "\n\nEstate preparation attorneys in Vallejo CA normally charge a level cost, which could vary depending on the dimension and also intricacy of their customer’s possessions and also family members.", "\n\nAssociated Practice Methods\n\nEstate Preparation: Estate preparing attorneys compose wills and also trust funds to ensure that the testator’s possessions are appropriately dispersed after death.", "\n\nTax Legislation: Estates are exhausted heavily. ", "An extensive understanding of tax obligation legislation is important to the estate preparation procedure.", "\n\nRealty: One of the major possessions decedents leave is their property. ", "Real estate attorneys could be needed to earn the change go as efficiently as possible.", "\n\nFamily Members Legislation: Estate administration attorneys have to consider previous marriage certificates, divorce decrees, and also support orders to comprehend which member of the family must inherit.", "\n\nThe majority possessions which go through estate administration come under the guidance of the probate judge in the place where the decedent lived at death. ", "The exception is real property. ", "You must probate property in the county in which it’s located. ", "If the probate has property in some other place, you ought to have a secondary supervision (different probate of the property in the legal system where it’s located), aside from probate in the dead state of residence.", "\n\nThe techniques in an estate administration in Vallejo CA may take from half a year to numerous years, and a client’s patience may be sorely edured during this moment.", "\n\nIf you need probate administration advice in Vallejo CA, we can help you. ", "Email us today at: info@loewlawgroup.com for a free consultation and more helpful information." ]

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[ "\n74 Cal.", "App.2d 523 (1946)\nMAXINE YOUNG ROBESKY, Respondent,\nv.\nDONALD A. ROBESKY, Appellant.", "\nCiv. ", "No. ", "3511. ", "\nCalifornia Court of Appeals. ", "Fourth Dist. ", " \nMay 17, 1946.", "\n Jackson Mahon for Appellant.", "\n Mack, Werdell & Bianco for Respondent.", "\n MARKS, J.\n This is an appeal from an order modifying an interlocutory and a final decree of divorce by changing the custody of Maxine Edith Robesky from defendant, the father, to plaintiff, the mother.", "\n Plaintiff and defendant were married on July 18, 1936. ", "Maxine was their only child. ", "Plaintiff obtained an interlocutory decree of divorce from defendant on July 21, 1942. ", "The final decree was entered on September 14, 1943. ", "The parties had made a property settlement and the custody of Maxine, then four years of age, was given to her father by agreement of the parties.", "\n At the commencement of the hearing of the order to show cause why the custody of Maxine should not be awarded to plaintiff it was stipulated that both the father and the mother were fit and proper persons to have custody of the child.", "\n By stipulation the order to show cause was heard on affidavits. ", "Many of them were filed and all of them contain much irrelevant, immaterial and redundant matter. ", "When these matters are eliminated the material facts do not appear to be in serious dispute.", "\n At the time of the interlocutory decree of divorce defendant *525 was a teacher in a high school in Bakersfield. ", "He placed Maxine with Edith Robesky, his mother, who lived in Glendale. ", "Maxine remained with her grandmother until July, 1945.", "\n At the time of the divorce plaintiff was in poor health, weighing only 85 pounds. ", "After a few months she sufficiently regained her health so that she entered the employment of the United States Government at San Bernardino, later being transferred to Los Angeles. ", "She accepted this employment so she could be near and frequently visit Maxine.", "\n Defendant enlisted in the Navy in December, 1942. ", "He was commissioned and served overseas from May, 1943, to December, 1944. ", "He married Margaret Cain in that month. ", "She was a teacher in the same high school where defendant had been employed and the affidavits picture her as a refined and competent lady.", "\n Defendant and Margaret eventually took up their residence at the Naval Advance Base, personnel department, at San Bruno, California, where Maxine lived with them from July, 1945, to August, 1945. ", "In August, 1945, defendant and Margaret permitted plaintiff to take Maxine to her home in Bakersfield under the promise, as maintained by defendant, that Maxine would be returned in September, 1945. ", "Plaintiff failed to return Maxine and defendant obtained possession of her through habeas corpus proceedings. ", "It was stipulated that these proceedings should not be considered as having any bearing on this proceeding to modify the decrees.", "\n It appeared during the arguments that defendant has been discharged from the Navy and has returned to Bakersfield where he is living with his wife in their own home which is a suitable home for Maxine.", "\n Plaintiff is living with her parents in Bakersfield. ", "They are substantial people of means with a very good home in which is an apartment which can be occupied by plaintiff and Maxine. ", "They will furnish this apartment to plaintiff with sufficient money for her support and that of Maxine if the $30 per month which the trial court ordered defendant to pay for the support of the child should not prove sufficient for that purpose.", "\n It seems clear that either home open to Maxine is eminently suitable for her upbringing, moral and physical training and education. ", "Thus it can be seen that the trial judge has a close and difficult question submitted to him when he was called *526 upon to decide which parent should have the custody of the child.", "\n [1] In divorce actions where the custody of a child is involved the trial court retains jurisdiction so that the decrees may be modified and the custody changed. ", "It is usually, but not always true that the party seeking to change the custody should show a change of circumstances occurring since the rendition of an earlier order awarding the custody to one parent. (", "Foster v. Foster, 8 Cal.2d 719 [68 P.2d 719].)", "\n [2] It is also established that the trial court, in determining which parent shall have custody of a child, is primarily concerned with the welfare of the child, not with the wishes of either parent. (", "Titcomb v. Superior Court, 220 Cal. ", "34 [29 P.2d 206].)", "\n [3] An application to change the custody of a child from one parent to the other is addressed to the sound discretion of the trial judge and his order will not be reversed except on a clear showing of a breach of that discretion. (", "Bancroft v. Bancroft, 178 Cal. ", "352 [173 P. 582]; Foster v. Forster, supra; Baldwin v. Baldwin, 111 Cal.", "App. ", "148 [129 P. 93].) [", "4] Thus the ultimate question before us is this: was there any showing of such a breach of discretion in the instant case? ", "The answer must be \"No.\" ", "Maxine will live in a good home and will receive every attention and care necessary and proper for her physical, moral and educational development into childhood and womanhood. ", "It is true that the affidavits indicate that defendant would have given Maxine an equally good home and proper care but this is not a sufficient basis for the conclusion that it was a breach of discretion to give the custody of a seven-year-old girl to her natural mother. (", "Civ. ", "Code, 138.) ", "As was said in Peterson v. Peterson, 64 Cal.", "App.2d 631 [149 P.2d 206]:\n \"Section 138 of the Civil Code provides that a court in awarding custody is to be guided (1) by what appears to be for the best interests of the child, and (2) as between parents adversely claiming the custody neither parent is entitled to it as of right, but other things being equal if the child is of tender years it should be given to its mother. ", "Further amplification of the quoted portion of said section is found in the case of Washburn v. Washburn, 49 Cal.", "App.2d 581 [122 P.2d 96], wherein it is stated that the mother is the natural custodian of her young, and that the code exacts that she shall have custody of her child, everything else being equal, and *527 that \"In the case of girls it is obvious that they are particularly in need of the sympathy, affection, consideration and tender care which only a mother can give--Pand so normally they should be in her custody.'\"\"", "\n [5] Defendant urges there was not a sufficient showing of any change of circumstances to justify the changing of the original award of the custody of Maxine to him. ", "We cannot agree with this contention. ", "Plaintiff was ill and therefore unable to care for her child when the award was first made. ", "She has recovered her health and now can care for her daughter. ", "Maxine was originally cared for in the home of her paternal grandmother who could not continue to care for her after July, 1945. ", "There two changes in conditions are sufficiently material to fulfill the requirements of the law so we need not speculate on the care which would have been given the little girl by her stepmother. ", "It is true that some mothers fail in their maternal duties while some stepmothers adequately substitute for the natural mother. ", "Both women are pictured here as possessing high qualities of womanhood, but there is a change of circumstances in this which the trial judge might have considered.", "\n As there is ample proof of changed circumstances, and as there is no clear proof of a breach of discretion in giving the natural mother of Maxine the custody of the girl, we cannot disturb the order before us for review.", "\n The order is affirmed.", "\n Barnard, P. J., and Griffin, J., concurred.", "\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAltering cassandra table by adding new column while inserting data\n\nI have high frequency of data for insertion in cassandra table.", "And column are dynamic .As per my scenario i want to alter my static table and add new column while insertion process.", "\nDoes it impact on insertion or create any lock Or performance issue?", "\nNote :I dont want to use dynamic column family.", "\nPlease suggest ..\nThanks\n\nA:\n\nIt should not impact your performance very dramatically. ", "Cassandra is good for such types of operations. (", "E.g. in relational databases like MySQL it might be quite heavy operation). ", "In case you use Cassandra 2.0, you can use batch to execute both operations: 1. ", "alter table and 2. ", "update column. ", "In this case you will have only one network round-trip.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCommunication between C programs across a adhoc network\n\nI have the following server code\n #include <sys/types.h>\n#include <sys/socket.h>\n#include <netinet/in.h>\n#include <arpa/inet.h>\n#include <time.h>\n#include <string.h>\n#include <stdio.h>\n\n#define HELLO_PORT 12345\n#define HELLO_GROUP \"255.0.0.37\"\n\nmain(int argc, char *argv[])\n{\n struct sockaddr_in addr;\n struct sockaddr_in client,server;\n int s,n;\n char index;\n int f; \n char b1[100];\n int fd, cnt,i=0;;\n struct ip_mreq mreq;\n //char *message=\"Hello, World!\";", "\n char *message=NULL;\n /* create what looks like an ordinary UDP socket */\n if ((fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0)) < 0) \n {\n perror(\"socket\");\n exit(1);\n }\n s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);\n server.sin_family=AF_INET;\n server.sin_port=2000;\n server.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(\"10.42.0.47\");\n bind(s,(struct sockaddr *)&server,sizeof(server));\n printf(\"\\nServer ready,waiting for client....\\n\");\n n=sizeof(client);\n /* set up destination address */\n memset(&addr,0,sizeof(addr));\n addr.sin_family=AF_INET;\n addr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(HELLO_GROUP);\n addr.sin_port=htons(HELLO_PORT);\n\n /* now just sendto() our destination! */", "\n while (1) \n {\n recvfrom(s,b1,sizeof(b1),0,(struct sockaddr *) &client,&n);\n printf(\"client : %s\\n\",b1);\n //sleep(5);\n index=b1[0];\n f=b1[0];\n //printf(\"b1[1] is %c\\n\",index);\n //printf(\"b1[0] is %c\\n\",f);\n f=32;\n b1[0]=f;\n //printf(\"new b1[0] is %c\\n\",b1[0]);\n //printf(\"%s\\n\",b1);\n if(index!='C')\n {\n if (sendto(fd,b1,sizeof(b1),0,(struct sockaddr *) &addr,sizeof(addr)) < 0)\n {\n perror(\"sendto\");\n exit(1);\n }\n //i++;\n /*if(i>=4)\n {\n i=0;\n }*/\n sleep(1);\n }\n }\n}\n\nAnd the following client code which runs on a different system\n#include <sys/types.h>\n#include <sys/socket.h>\n#include <netinet/in.h>\n#include <arpa/inet.h>\n#include <time.h>\n#include <string.h>\n#include <stdio.h>\n#include <stdio.h> \n#include <mysql.h>\n\n#define HELLO_PORT 12345\n#define HELLO_GROUP \"225.0.0.37\"\n#define MSGBUFSIZE 1024\n\nmain(int argc, char *argv[])\n{\n MYSQL mysql; \n MYSQL_ROW row; \n MYSQL_RES *result; \n unsigned int num_fields; \n unsigned int i; \n mysql_init(&mysql); \n struct sockaddr_in server;\n int s,n;\n char b1[100],b2[100],a[100];\n char re[100]={0};\n char g=\" \";\n printf(\"%c\\n\",re);\n strcpy(b2,\"1\");\n char message[20],ch='n';\n struct sockaddr_in addr;\n int fd, nbytes,addrlen,j=0;\n struct ip_mreq mreq;\n char msgbuf[MSGBUFSIZE];\n u_int yes=1; /*** MODIFICATION TO ORIGINAL */\n\n /* create what looks like an ordinary UDP socket */\n if ((fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0)) < 0) \n {\n perror(\"socket\");\n exit(1);\n }\n s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);\n server.sin_family=AF_INET;\n server.sin_port=2000;\n server.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(\"10.42.0.1\");\n printf(\"\\nClient ready....\\n\");\n n=sizeof(server);\n\n if (!", "mysql_real_connect(&mysql,\"localhost\",\"root\",\"nidhi\",\"project\",0,NULL,0)) \n { \n fprintf(stderr, \"Failed to connect to database: Error: %s\\n\", \n mysql_error(&mysql)); \n } \n /**** MODIFICATION TO ORIGINAL */\n /* allow multiple sockets to use the same PORT number */\n if (setsockopt(fd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&yes,sizeof(yes)) < 0) \n {\n perror(\"Reusing ADDR failed\");\n exit(1);\n }\n /*** END OF MODIFICATION TO ORIGINAL */\n /* set up destination address */\n memset(&addr,0,sizeof(addr));\n addr.sin_family=AF_INET;\n addr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY); /* N.B.: differs from sender */\n addr.sin_port=htons(HELLO_PORT); \n /* bind to receive address */\n if (bind(fd,(struct sockaddr *) &addr,sizeof(addr)) < 0) \n {\n perror(\"bind\");\n exit(1);\n }\n\n /* use setsockopt() to request that the kernel join a multicast group */\n mreq.imr_multiaddr.s_addr=inet_addr(HELLO_GROUP);\n mreq.imr_interface.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);\n if (setsockopt(fd,IPPROTO_IP,IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,&mreq,sizeof(mreq)) < 0) \n {\n perror(\"setsockopt\");\n exit(1);\n }\n\n /* now just enter a read-print loop */\n while (1) \n {\n /*if ((nbytes=recvfrom(fd,msgbuf,MSGBUFSIZE,0,(struct sockaddr *) &addr,&addrlen)) < 0) \n {\n perror(\"recvfrom\");\n exit(1);\n }\n printf(\"the server says: %s\\n\",msgbuf);*/\n printf(\"would you like to send?(y/n)\\n\");\n scanf(\"%c\",&ch);\n fflush(stdin);\n if(ch=='y')\n {\n printf(\"\\nClient:\");\n gets(a);\n printf(\"%c\\n\",a);\n strcat(b2,a);\n printf(\"%s\\n\",b2);\n sendto(s,b2,sizeof(b2),0,(struct sockaddr *) &server,n);\n b2[100]=NULL;\n strcpy(b2,\"1\");\n }\n addrlen=sizeof(addr);\n if ((nbytes=recvfrom(fd,msgbuf,MSGBUFSIZE,0,(struct sockaddr *) &addr,&addrlen)) < 0) \n {\n perror(\"recvfrom\");\n exit(1);\n }\n printf(\"the server says: %s\\n\",msgbuf);\n if(mysql_query(&mysql,msgbuf));\n else\n {\n strcpy(re,\"Client 1: \");\n sendto(s,re,sizeof(re),0,(struct sockaddr *) &server,n);\n //printf(\"inside else case\\n\");\n result=mysql_store_result(&mysql);\n //printf(\"\\n after getting the result...\\n\");\n num_fields = mysql_num_fields(result); \n //printf(\"\\n after getting numfields...\\n\");\n while ((row = mysql_fetch_row(result))) \n { \n unsigned long *lengths; \n //printf(\"\\n inside while....\\n\");\n lengths = mysql_fetch_lengths(result); \n for(i = 0; i < num_fields; i++) \n { \n printf(\"[%.*s] \\t\", (int) lengths[i], row[i] ? ", "row[i] : \"NULL\"); \n strcat(re,row[i]);\n j++;\n //printf(\"%d\\n\",j);\n if(j==4)\n {\n //printf(\"the result is .....%s\\n\",re);\n sendto(s,re,sizeof(re),0,(struct sockaddr *) &server,n);\n memset(re,0,100);\n strcpy(re,\"Client 1: \");\n j=0;\n }\n\n } \n printf(\"\\n\"); \n } \n } \n }\n}\n\nI created an adhoc network and it assigned two ip address to the server and the client.", "\n10.42.0.1/24 to the server and 10.42.0.47/24 to client\nhowever the unicast operation from the client to the server is not functioning correctly neither is the multicast from the server to client.", "\nsecondly how do i determine whether both the programs are part of the same multicast group. ", "The error on the client is either \n\nsetsockopt:invalid argument\n\nor \n\nsetsockopt:no such device\n\nAny help on the same is greatly appreciated..!!", "\n\nA:\n\nThere are a lot of potential bugs in your code:\nServer:\n1.You are not checking if the 's' socket was successfully created. ", "However, your example will work without it since there is enough memory for socket creation.", "\n2.You are not checking the return code from bind(), maybe you can't bind the socket to the port and that's why you get 'invalid argument' error\n3.You are not checking the return code from recvfrom() ....\n4.The IP 255.0.0.37 is reserved for future use, I am not sure it is valid, why not use a valid ip range?", "\n5.For multicasting you have to use ip addresses in range: 224.0.0.0/4, not 10.0.0.0/8 since it is reserved for local networks.", "\nAnd regarding the client, you should first make working udp protocol code, and then add mysql to it. ", "You also have to tell us at which line you have the error, otherwise it is difficult to analyse the problem. ", "\n\n" ]

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[ "\n\nWhat can nerds do for the election? - ", "bdr\nhttp://scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=353\n\n======\nMHollender\nWhy are most nerds either Liberal or Libertarian and almost never\nConservative? ", "I think the main reason is that they only look at Conservative\npoliticians (who suck, but that's what you can expect from a democracy) and\nnot intellectuals: John Kekes, Thomas Sowell, Michael Oakeshott etc.", "\n\nScott touched on an important thing about this serene confidence stuff, but in\nhistorical scales, that's not how it works. ", "It's always been Progressives who\nwere so damned sure that their ways are illuminated by the Light of Reason and\neverybody else is a superstitious dumbass. ", "And it was the Conservatives like\nMontaigne or Pascal who were full of doubt. ", "Of course, when democracy became\ninevitable Conservatives had to learn to fake confidence and they usually did\nit with this faux Christian-Fundie-Nationalist crap because the average voter\nsadly needs some sort of a simple message, they aren't reading any books or\nsomething. ", "But that's only a recent development, not older than a hundred\nyears, approximately. ", "On a historical scale, this self-righteous approach is\nmostly Progressive. ", "Therefore, don't support a Liberal. ", "Not even he doesn't\nseem to be as full of shit as Comte or Rousseau were. ", "Not even if the recent\npost-Goldwater decades Conservatives became more full of shit (the religious\ntype of shit) than Liberals. ", "It might be a good idea in the short run but only\nmakes things worse in the long.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "---\nabstract: 'We resonantly excite exciton-polariton states confined in cylindrical traps. ", "Using a homodyne detection setup, we are able to image the phase and amplitude of the confined polariton states. ", "We evidence the excitation of vortex states, carrying an integer angular orbital momentum $m$, analogous to the transverse $TEM_{01^{*}}$ “donut” mode of cylindrically symmetric optical resonators. ", "Tuning the excitation conditions allows us to select the charge of the vortex. ", "In this way, the injection of singly charged ($m=1$ $\\&$ $m=-1$) and doubly charged ($m=2$) polariton vortices is shown. ", "This work demonstrates the potential of in-plane confinement coupled with selective excitation for the topological tailoring of polariton wavefunctions.'", "\nauthor:\n- 'Gaël Nardin, Konstantinos G. Lagoudakis, Barbara Pietka, François Morier-Genoud, Yoan Léger, Benoît Deveaud-Plédran'\ntitle: 'Selective photoexcitation of exciton-polariton vortices'\n---\n\nExciton-polaritons are hybrid light-matter quasi-particles arising from the strong coupling of the optical mode of a semiconductor microcavity with the excitonic resonance of a quantum well (QW) [@Weisbuch]. ", "Several recent proposals have highlighted the potential of tailoring polariton wavefunctions by lateral in-plane confinement for applications in optelectronics devices and quantum information processing [@Liew; @Carusotto; @Johne]. ", "In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate that by combining specific in-plane confinement with selective resonant excitation, we can realize in a controlled way polariton quantized vortices. ", "In opposition to the vortices that spontaneously appear in the Bose-condensed phase of quasi-2D polaritons [@Lagoudakis], our polaritons vortices are the result of optical vortices strongly coupled with the excitonic resonance. ", "Generation of optical vortices has been demonstrated in different types of lasers like ring resonators [@Brambilla], microchip solid state lasers [@Chen] and Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) [@Colstoun]. ", "They have been identified as the transverse modes of cylindrically symmetric optical resonators and often called the $TEM_{01^{*}}$ “donut” mode, which can be obtained as a superposition of the $TEM_{10}$ and $TEM_{01}$ modes [@Epler; @Degen].", "\n\nCylindrically symmetric polariton traps can be obtained through lateral in-plane confinement by etching micropillars [@Bloch] or patterning mesas on the microcavity spacer [@ElDaif]. ", "In both types of structure, strong coupling between the confined electromagnetic modes of the cylindrical resonator with the excitonic resonance has been observed, demonstrating the creation of 0D polaritons. ", "Although the confinement potential is acting on the photonic part of the polariton, the strong coupling regime results in the confinement of the whole polariton state, including the excitonic part [@Kaitouni].", "\n\nOur sample is a patterned GaAs $\\lambda-$cavity with one embedded InGaAs QW, sandwiched between two semiconductor distributed bragg reflectors (DBRs), featuring a vacuum Rabi splitting of $3.5$ $meV$. The polariton traps consist of circular mesas that were etched on the microcavity spacer. ", "Discrete confined polariton states have been observed in traps with diameters varying between $3\\mu m$ and $20\\mu m$ [@Kaitouni; @Nardin0]. ", "A spatially resolved spectrum of the photoluminescence emitted by the confined states in a $10\\mu m$ diameter trap under non-resonant pumping is shown in Fig. ", "\\[Figure1\\] (a). ", "Discrete eigenstates can be observed for the lower polariton branch (below $1.484 eV$) and the upper polariton branch (above $1.484 eV$). ", "The linewidth of these states is of the order of $80 \\mu eV$. All further measurements presented in the paper were performed on lower polariton states confined in mesas of $10\\mu m$ diameter, and for a detuning of $\\delta\\sim0$ $meV$ between the confined photonic mode and the excitonic resonance ($1.484eV$). ", "Similar results were obtained on the confined UP branch.", "\n\nImaging wavefunctions of confined polaritons is possible by means of optical microscopy. ", "Indeed, due to their very small effective mass (four orders of magnitude smaller than the free electron mass), polaritons can be confined in traps of sizes in the micrometer range, above the optical resolution limit. ", "Images of the two-dimensional distribution of the confined state probability densities can be realized either using a tomography technique [@Nardin1], or by directly imaging the coherent emission of a given state when it is resonantly excited with a continuous wave laser [@Cerna]. ", "The emission intensity gives direct information on the probability density of the polariton states.", "\n\nTo image the wavefunction rather than the probability density only, one needs a phase-resolved detection scheme. ", "In this perspective, we used a homodyne detection setup, where we split the $cw$ pump laser into two. ", "One part was focalized on the back side of the sample using a camera objective to resonantly excite the polariton states. ", "The camera objective provided us a diffraction limited gaussian spot of $\\sim 15\\mu m$ diameter (of the same order of magnitude than the size of the mesa) and allowed for a good control of the excitation angle. ", "Both these features are important for the selective excitation of polariton states, as it will be discussed further. ", "The other part of the laser served as a phase reference. ", "The sample was held in a cold-finger cryostat at a temperature of $\\sim 4K$. The coherent emission of the polariton state was collected from the front side using a $0.5$ N.A. microscope objective. ", "The image of the emission was then interferred with the reference beam on a CCD. ", "Figure \\[Figure1\\] (b) shows the emission of the ground state $(n=1,m=0)$ of the lower confined polariton \\[indicated with a plain arrow in Fig. ", "\\[Figure1\\] (a)\\] interfering with the reference laser. ", "A slightly different incidence angle is used for the signal and the reference to provide straight interference fringes. ", "As the ground state is expected to have a constant phase, the phase gradient obtained with this state is used as a phase reference for the other interferograms. ", "Using numerical Fourier transform and digital off-axis filtering[@Cuche], one can then extract the amplitude and phase of the polariton states.", "\n\nIn circular coordinates, confined states can be described by two numbers $(n,m)$, the well known radial and orbital quantum numbers. ", "In cylindrically symmetric systems, $+m$ and $-m$ states are degenerate. ", "In most of the mesas, due to a small ellipticity of the trap, there is a small degeneracy lift of the $\\pm m$ doublet into two new eigenstates $\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{2}}\\left[\\psi_{+m}\\pm\\psi_{-m}\\right]$ [@ElDaif; @Nardin1; @Cerna]. ", "For example, the first excited state characterized by the quantum numbers $(n=1,m=\\pm1)$ \\[indicated with a dashed arrow in Fig. ", "\\[Figure1\\] (a)\\] is split into two eigenstates that are similar to the $TEM_{01}$ and $TEM_{10}$ modes of transverse laser patterns. ", "The interferogram of one of these eigenstates is shown in Fig. ", "\\[Figure1\\] (c). ", "In order to specifically excite this eigenstate, one need to slightly red-shift the excitation laser with respect to the doublet energy. ", "We have extracted the amplitude \\[Fig. ", "\\[Figure1\\] (d)\\] and the phase \\[Fig. ", "\\[Figure1\\] (e)\\] of the polariton wavefunction. ", "In Fig. ", "\\[Figure1\\] (e), the $\\pi$-phase shift between the two lobes is clearly visible. ", "It indicates that the left lobe of the wavefunction is of opposite sign than the right lobe. ", "Around the trap the phase is not defined, as the wavefunction is exponentially decaying outside the trap. ", "The ellipticity being very small, the corresponding splitting is smaller than the linewidth. ", "Therefore, the ellipticity can be overcome by pumping between the energies of the two split states, and excite a combination of them. ", "In this case, the azimuthal dependence of the wavefunction reads as:\n\n$\\psi(\\phi)=A\\psi_{+m}(\\phi)+B\\psi_{-m}(\\phi)=Ae^{im\\phi}+Be^{-im\\phi}$\n\nwhere $A$ and $B$ are complex coefficients. ", "The value of coefficients $A$ and $B$ is given by the overlap (in real space, reciprocal space and energy) between the $\\pm m$ states and the pump. ", "When the laser is focused on the mesa, both $+m$ and $-m$ components are generally excited, creating standing wave patterns, similar to the one observed in Fig. ", "\\[Figure1\\] (c). ", "The excitation laser can be used to lock, and subsequently control, the pattern in any arbitrary direction [@Cerna].", "\n\nWe are now going to show that by carefully selecting certain pumping conditions one can create “pure” $+m$ or $-m$ states, carrying an integer angular orbital momentum. ", "Focusing the excitation laser on the side of the trap, with a finite excitation angle allows to inject polaritons with a well defined in-plane momentum mainly on one side of the trap. ", "This can be used to select which one of the $+m$ or $-m$ state is injected. ", "Such a state is experimentally produced and shown in Fig. ", "\\[Figure2\\] for ($n=1,m=+1$). ", "In the interferogram displayed in Fig. ", "\\[Figure2\\] (a), one can observe a very clear fork-like dislocation, indicating the presence of a phase singularity. ", "We extract from this interferogram the amplitude \\[Fig. ", "\\[Figure2\\] (b)\\] and phase \\[Figure \\[Figure2\\] (c)\\] of the polariton field. ", "The two characteristics of quantized vortices are observed: the intensity minimum at the center of the trap (b) and the $2\\pi$-phase shift around the core (c) are straightforwardly visible. ", "The core of this vortex is situated at the center of the trap, and the size of the vortex is delimited by the mesa diameter. ", "This state is analogous to a $TEM_{01^{*}}$ “donut” transverse laser mode.", "\n\nDepending on the side of the trap on which the laser is focused, the charge is going to be positive or negative, as demonstrated in Fig. ", "\\[Figure3\\]. ", "The phase distribution \\[Fig. ", "\\[Figure3\\], (a)-(b)\\] and the phase profile along the red circle \\[Fig. ", "\\[Figure3\\], (c)-(d)\\] are displayed when the mesa is positioned on the left side \\[Fig. ", "\\[Figure3\\] (a)-(c)\\] or right side \\[Fig. ", "\\[Figure3\\] (b)-(d)\\] of the excitation spot. ", "It is interesting to note that this selective excitation scheme is compatible with the picture of the injection of a polariton fluid in the trap. ", "The treatment of the polariton field as a propagating fluid has been recently highlighted in Ref. [", "@Amo].", "\n\nIt is also possible to select the value of the vortex charge, by tuning the excitation energy to be resonant with a state carrying another quantum number $m$. Figure \\[Figure4\\] displays the interferogram \\[Fig. ", "\\[Figure4\\] (a)\\] and corresponding phase mapping \\[Fig. ", "\\[Figure4\\] (b)\\] of a ($n=1,m=+2$) state \\[indicated with a dotted arrow in Fig. ", "\\[Figure1\\] (a)\\]. ", "A trident-like dislocation is visible in the interferogram, resulting in a $4\\pi$-phase shift around the core.", "\n\nAll the measurement presented in this paper were performed in the low excitation density regime. ", "Increasing the pump power by three orders of magnitude (up to $3.2 kW/cm^2$) allowed us to observe the effect of polariton-polariton interactions in the form of a blue-shift of the vortex state of the order of $120\\mu eV$. A recent publication [@Krizhanovskii] investigated the effect of interactions on the size of a polariton vortex imprinted using an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) process, and reported a reduction of the vortex core diameter down to $3 \\mu m$ when increasing the excitation density. ", "On the range of excitation power used in our experiment, we never observed any change in the vortex core size. ", "This result is consistent with Reference [@Krizhanovskii], as in our case, the size of the core is already limited to $3\\mu m$ by the confining potential, even in the low polariton density regime. ", "Experiments are in progress to track this effect with mesas of different sizes and detunings.", "\n\nIn conclusion, we have demonstrated the selective excitation of trapped polariton states in a patterned semiconductor microcavity. ", "Thanks to the homodyne detection setup, the phase and the amplitude of the coherent polariton gas were directly visualized, and trapped polariton vortices were identified as a superposition of eigenstates of the quasi-circular traps. ", "We have experimentally shown the selection of the vortex charge by tuning the excitation conditions. ", "This work shows the essential role of engineered lateral confinement to tailor the wavefunction and the subsequent emission pattern of a resonantly excited exciton-polariton gas. ", "This will possibly provide new exploitation schemes for polariton lasers which also have a cylindrical symmetry [@Bajoni1].", "\n\nWe would like to thank T.K Paraïso, R. Cerna, M.T. Portella-Oberli, O. El Daif, N. Pavillon and B. Caire-Remonnay for helpful discussions. ", "We acknowledge support by the Swiss National Research Foundation through the ‘NCCR Quantum Photonics’.", "\n\n[unsrt]{}\n\nC. Weisbuch, M. Nishioka, A. Ishikawa, and Y. Arakawa, Phys. ", "Rev. Lett. **", "69**, 3314 (1992).", "\n\nT.C.H. Liew, A.V. Kavokin, and I.A. Shelykh, Phys. ", "Rev. Lett. ,**", "101**, 016402 (2008). ", "I. Carusotto, D. Gerace, H.E. Tureci, S. De Liberato, C. Ciuti, and A. Imamoglu, Phys. ", "Rev. Lett. **", "103**, 033601 (2009). ", "R. Johne, I.A. Shelykh, D.D. Solnyshkov, and G. Malpuech, arXiv:0911.1621\n\nK.G. Lagoudakis, M. Wouters, M. Richard, A. Baas, I. Carusotto, R. André, Le Si Dang, and B. Deveaud-Plédran, Nature Phys. **", "4**, 706 (2008).", "\n\nM. Brambilla, F. Battipede, L.A. Lugiato, V. Penna, F. Prati, C. Tamm, and C.O. Weiss, Phys. ", "Rev. A **43**, 5090 (1991). ", "Y.F. Chen and Y.P. Lan, Phys. ", "Rev. A **64**, 063807 (2001) ; Phys. ", "Rev. A **65**, 013802 (2001). ", "F.B. de Colstoun, G. Khitrova, A.V. Fedorov, T.R. Nelson, C. Lowry, T.M. Brennan, B. Gene Hammons, and P.D. Maker, Chaos Soliton Fractal **4**, 1575 (1994).", "\n\nJ.E. Epler, S. Gehrsitz, K.H. Gulden, M. Moser, H.C. Sigg, and H.W. Lehmann, Appl. ", "Phys. ", "Lett. **", "69**, 722 (1996). ", "C. Degen, I. Fischer, and W. Elsässer, Opt. ", "Express **5**, 38 (1999).", "\n\nJ. Bloch, R. Planel, V. Thierry-Mieg, J.-M. Gérard, D. Barrier, J.-Y. Marzin, and E. Costard, Superlattices and Microstructures **22**, 371 (1997).", "\n\nO. El Daif, A. Baas, T. Guillet, J.-P. Brantut, R. Idrissi Kaitouni, J. L. Staehli, F. Morier-Genoud, and B. Deveaud, Appl. ", "Phys. ", "Lett. **", "88**, 061105 (2006).", "\n\nR.I. Kaitouni, O. El Daif, A. Baas, M. Richard, T. Paraiso, P. Lugan, T. Guillet, F. Morier-Genoud, J. D. Ganière, J. L. Staehli, V. Savona, and B. Deveaud, Phys. ", "Rev. B **74**, 155311 (2006).", "\n\nG. Nardin, R. Cerna, T.K. Paraïso, B. Pietka, Y. Léger, O. El Daif, F. Morier-Genoud, B. Deveaud-Plédran, Superlattices and Microstructures, **47**, 207 (2010).", "\n\nG. Nardin, T. K. Paraïso, R. Cerna, B. Pietka, Y. Léger, O. El Daif, F. Morier-Genoud, and B. Deveaud, Appl. ", "Phys. ", "Lett. **", "94**, 181103 (2009). ", "R. Cerna, D. Sarchi, T. K. Paraïso, G. Nardin, Y. Léger, M. Richard, B. Pietka, O. El Daif, F. Morier-Genoud, V. Savona, M. T. Portella-Oberli, and B. Deveaud-Plédran, Phys. ", "Rev. B **80**, 121309(R) (2009).", "\n\nThis technique is known as Off-Axis Digital Holography. ", "See for example: E. Cuche, P. Marquet, and C. Depeursinge, Appl. ", "Optics **38**, 6994 (1999).", "\n\nA. Amo, D. Sanvitto, F.P. Laussy, D. Ballarini, E. del Valle, M. D. Martin, A. Lemaître, J. Bloch, D. N. Krizhanovskii, M.S. Skolnick, C. Tejedor, and L. Viña, Nature **457**, 291 (2009).", "\n\nD.N. Krizhanovskii, D.M. Whittaker, R.A. Bradley, K. Guda, D. Sarkar, D. Sanvitto, L. Vina, E. Cerda, P. Santos, K. Biermann, R. Hey, and M. S. Skolnick, Phys. ", "Rev. Lett. **", "104**, 126402 (2010).", "\n\nD. Bajoni, P. Senellart, E. Wertz, I. Sagnes, A. Miard, A. Lemaître, and J. Bloch, Phys. ", "Rev. Lett. **", "100**, 047401 (2008).", "\n\n![(", "a) Photoluminescence intensity emitted by the confined polariton states in a trap of $10\\mu m$ in diameter, under non-resonant pumping (at 1.57 eV, in the first minimum of reflection of the DBR), in a logarithmic scale. ", "Confined lower (upper) polariton states are visible below (above) 1.484 eV. Solid, dashed and dotted arrows indicate the lower polariton ground, first and second excited states respectively. (", "b) Interferogram resulting from the interference of the coherent emission of the lower polariton ground state ($n=1,m=0$) with the reference laser. (", "c),(d) and (e) are respectively the interferogram, the wavefunction amplitude and wavefunction phase of the lower polariton first excited doublet state ($n=1,m=\\pm1$).[]{data-label=\"Figure1\"}](fig1.png)\n\n![(", "a) Interferogram resulting from the interference of the coherent emission of the ($n=1,m=+1$) state of the lower polariton with the reference laser, displaying a clear fork-like dislocation. (", "b) Amplitude of the coherent polariton field, extracted from (a), showing a minimum in the field density at the place of the phase singularity. (", "d) Phase of the coherent polariton field, extracted from (a), indicating a $2\\pi$-phase shift rotation of the phase around the singularity.[]{data-label=\"Figure2\"}](fig2.png)\n\n![(", "color online) Phase mapping (a) and phase distribution profile along the red circle (c) of the polaritons in the trap, when the polaritons are injected on the right side of the mesa using an pump angle of around $4^\\circ$. In this configuration, the vortex is rotating clockwise. (", "b-d) Same as (a-c), but injection on the left side of the mesa. ", "In this configuration, the vortex is rotating counterclockwise. ", "Insets: schematic view of the vortex rotation, the pump and its in-plane direction are represented by the thick arrow.[]{data-label=\"Figure3\"}](fig3.png)\n\n![(", "a) Interferogram resulting from the interference of the coherent emission of the lower polariton second excited state ($n=1,m=+2$) with the reference laser, displaying a trident-like dislocation. (", "b) Phase mapping extracted from (a), displaying a doubly charged vortex structure.[]{data-label=\"Figure4\"}](fig4.png)\n" ]

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[ "Maternal vitamin E alters passively acquired immunity of chicks.", "\nPassively transferred antibody levels were significantly increased in plasma of two- and seven-day-old chicks when the dams were fed 150 and 450 p.p.m. ", "vitamin E prior to immunization with Brucella abortus. ", "However, if the hens were fed 90, 300 and 900 p.p.m. ", "vitamin E before immunization, the chicks evidenced no increase in antibody titers relative to controls. ", "This nonlinear antibody response by the reticulo-endothelial system to vitamin E confirms in Gallus domesticus similar results reported for other species." ]

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[ "// Code generated by running \"go generate\" in golang.org/x/text. ", "DO NOT EDIT.", "\n\npackage language\n\n// CLDRVersion is the CLDR version from which the tables in this package are derived.", "\nconst CLDRVersion = \"32\"\n\nconst (\n\t_de = 269\n\t_en = 313\n\t_fr = 350\n\t_it = 505\n\t_mo = 784\n\t_no = 879\n\t_nb = 839\n\t_pt = 960\n\t_sh = 1031\n\t_mul = 806\n\t_und = 0\n)\nconst (\n\t_001 = 1\n\t_419 = 31\n\t_BR = 65\n\t_CA = 73\n\t_ES = 110\n\t_GB = 123\n\t_MD = 188\n\t_PT = 238\n\t_UK = 306\n\t_US = 309\n\t_ZZ = 357\n\t_XA = 323\n\t_XC = 325\n\t_XK = 333\n)\nconst (\n\t_Latn = 87\n\t_Hani = 54\n\t_Hans = 56\n\t_Hant = 57\n\t_Qaaa = 139\n\t_Qaai = 147\n\t_Qabx = 188\n\t_Zinh = 236\n\t_Zyyy = 241\n\t_Zzzz = 242\n)\n\nvar regionToGroups = []uint8{ // 357 elements\n\t// Entry 0 - 3F\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04,\n\t// Entry 40 - 7F\n\t0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x08,\n\t0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,\n\t// Entry 80 - BF\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x04, 0x01, 0x00, 0x04, 0x02, 0x00, 0x04,\n\t0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x08, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,\n\t// Entry C0 - FF\n\t0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01,\n\t0x04, 0x08, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t// Entry 100 - 13F\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x05, 0x04, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t// Entry 140 - 17F\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n\t0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n} // Size: 381 bytes\n\nvar paradigmLocales = [][3]uint16{ // 3 elements\n\t0: [3]uint16{0x139, 0x0, 0x7b},\n\t1: [3]uint16{0x13e, 0x0, 0x1f},\n\t2: [3]uint16{0x3c0, 0x41, 0xee},\n} // Size: 42 bytes\n\ntype mutualIntelligibility struct {\n\twant uint16\n\thave uint16\n\tdistance uint8\n\toneway bool\n}\ntype scriptIntelligibility struct {\n\twantLang uint16\n\thaveLang uint16\n\twantScript uint8\n\thaveScript uint8\n\tdistance uint8\n}\ntype regionIntelligibility struct {\n\tlang uint16\n\tscript uint8\n\tgroup uint8\n\tdistance uint8\n}\n\n// matchLang holds pairs of langIDs of base languages that are typically\n// mutually intelligible. ", "Each pair is associated with a confidence and\n// whether the intelligibility goes one or both ways.", "\nvar matchLang = []mutualIntelligibility{ // 113 elements\n\t0: {want: 0x1d1, have: 0xb7, distance: 0x4, oneway: false},\n\t1: {want: 0x407, have: 0xb7, distance: 0x4, oneway: false},\n\t2: {want: 0x407, have: 0x1d1, distance: 0x4, oneway: false},\n\t3: {want: 0x407, have: 0x432, distance: 0x4, oneway: false},\n\t4: {want: 0x43a, have: 0x1, distance: 0x4, oneway: false},\n\t5: {want: 0x1a3, have: 0x10d, distance: 0x4, oneway: true},\n\t6: {want: 0x295, have: 0x10d, distance: 0x4, oneway: true},\n\t7: {want: 0x101, have: 0x36f, distance: 0x8, oneway: false},\n\t8: {want: 0x101, have: 0x347, distance: 0x8, oneway: false},\n\t9: {want: 0x5, have: 0x3e2, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t10: {want: 0xd, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t11: {want: 0x16, have: 0x367, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t12: {want: 0x21, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t13: {want: 0x56, have: 0x13e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t14: {want: 0x58, have: 0x3e2, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t15: {want: 0x71, have: 0x3e2, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t16: {want: 0x75, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t17: {want: 0x82, have: 0x1be, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t18: {want: 0xa5, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t19: {want: 0xb2, have: 0x15e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t20: {want: 0xdd, have: 0x153, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t21: {want: 0xe5, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t22: {want: 0xe9, have: 0x3a, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t23: {want: 0xf0, have: 0x15e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t24: {want: 0xf9, have: 0x15e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t25: {want: 0x100, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t26: {want: 0x130, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t27: {want: 0x13c, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t28: {want: 0x140, have: 0x151, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t29: {want: 0x145, have: 0x13e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t30: {want: 0x158, have: 0x101, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t31: {want: 0x16d, have: 0x367, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t32: {want: 0x16e, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t33: {want: 0x16f, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t34: {want: 0x17e, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t35: {want: 0x190, have: 0x13e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t36: {want: 0x194, have: 0x13e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t37: {want: 0x1a4, have: 0x1be, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t38: {want: 0x1b4, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t39: {want: 0x1b8, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t40: {want: 0x1d4, have: 0x15e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t41: {want: 0x1d7, have: 0x3e2, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t42: {want: 0x1d9, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t43: {want: 0x1e7, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t44: {want: 0x1f8, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t45: {want: 0x20e, have: 0x1e1, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t46: {want: 0x210, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t47: {want: 0x22d, have: 0x15e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t48: {want: 0x242, have: 0x3e2, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t49: {want: 0x24a, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t50: {want: 0x251, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t51: {want: 0x265, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t52: {want: 0x274, have: 0x48a, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t53: {want: 0x28a, have: 0x3e2, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t54: {want: 0x28e, have: 0x1f9, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t55: {want: 0x2a3, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t56: {want: 0x2b5, have: 0x15e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t57: {want: 0x2b8, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t58: {want: 0x2be, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t59: {want: 0x2c3, have: 0x15e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t60: {want: 0x2ed, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t61: {want: 0x2f1, have: 0x15e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t62: {want: 0x2fa, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t63: {want: 0x2ff, have: 0x7e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t64: {want: 0x304, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t65: {want: 0x30b, have: 0x3e2, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t66: {want: 0x31b, have: 0x1be, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t67: {want: 0x31f, have: 0x1e1, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t68: {want: 0x320, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t69: {want: 0x331, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t70: {want: 0x351, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t71: {want: 0x36a, have: 0x347, distance: 0xa, oneway: false},\n\t72: {want: 0x36a, have: 0x36f, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t73: {want: 0x37a, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t74: {want: 0x387, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t75: {want: 0x389, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t76: {want: 0x38b, have: 0x15e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t77: {want: 0x390, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t78: {want: 0x395, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t79: {want: 0x39d, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t80: {want: 0x3a5, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t81: {want: 0x3be, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t82: {want: 0x3c4, have: 0x13e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t83: {want: 0x3d4, have: 0x10d, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t84: {want: 0x3d9, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t85: {want: 0x3e5, have: 0x15e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t86: {want: 0x3e9, have: 0x1be, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t87: {want: 0x3fa, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t88: {want: 0x40c, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t89: {want: 0x423, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t90: {want: 0x429, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t91: {want: 0x431, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t92: {want: 0x43b, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t93: {want: 0x43e, have: 0x1e1, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t94: {want: 0x445, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t95: {want: 0x450, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t96: {want: 0x461, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t97: {want: 0x467, have: 0x3e2, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t98: {want: 0x46f, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t99: {want: 0x476, have: 0x3e2, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t100: {want: 0x3883, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t101: {want: 0x480, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t102: {want: 0x482, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t103: {want: 0x494, have: 0x3e2, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t104: {want: 0x49d, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t105: {want: 0x4ac, have: 0x529, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t106: {want: 0x4b4, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t107: {want: 0x4bc, have: 0x3e2, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t108: {want: 0x4e5, have: 0x15e, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t109: {want: 0x4f2, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t110: {want: 0x512, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t111: {want: 0x518, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n\t112: {want: 0x52f, have: 0x139, distance: 0xa, oneway: true},\n} // Size: 702 bytes\n\n// matchScript holds pairs of scriptIDs where readers of one script\n// can typically also read the other. ", "Each is associated with a confidence.", "\nvar matchScript = []scriptIntelligibility{ // 26 elements\n\t0: {wantLang: 0x432, haveLang: 0x432, wantScript: 0x57, haveScript: 0x1f, distance: 0x5},\n\t1: {wantLang: 0x432, haveLang: 0x432, wantScript: 0x1f, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0x5},\n\t2: {wantLang: 0x58, haveLang: 0x3e2, wantScript: 0x57, haveScript: 0x1f, distance: 0xa},\n\t3: {wantLang: 0xa5, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0xe, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t4: {wantLang: 0x1d7, haveLang: 0x3e2, wantScript: 0x8, haveScript: 0x1f, distance: 0xa},\n\t5: {wantLang: 0x210, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0x2b, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t6: {wantLang: 0x24a, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0x4b, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t7: {wantLang: 0x251, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0x4f, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t8: {wantLang: 0x2b8, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0x54, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t9: {wantLang: 0x304, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0x6b, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t10: {wantLang: 0x331, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0x72, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t11: {wantLang: 0x351, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0x21, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t12: {wantLang: 0x395, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0x7d, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t13: {wantLang: 0x39d, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0x33, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t14: {wantLang: 0x3be, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0x5, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t15: {wantLang: 0x3fa, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0x5, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t16: {wantLang: 0x40c, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0xca, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t17: {wantLang: 0x450, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0xd7, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t18: {wantLang: 0x461, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0xda, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t19: {wantLang: 0x46f, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0x29, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t20: {wantLang: 0x476, haveLang: 0x3e2, wantScript: 0x57, haveScript: 0x1f, distance: 0xa},\n\t21: {wantLang: 0x4b4, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0x5, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t22: {wantLang: 0x4bc, haveLang: 0x3e2, wantScript: 0x57, haveScript: 0x1f, distance: 0xa},\n\t23: {wantLang: 0x512, haveLang: 0x139, wantScript: 0x3b, haveScript: 0x57, distance: 0xa},\n\t24: {wantLang: 0x529, haveLang: 0x529, wantScript: 0x38, haveScript: 0x39, distance: 0xf},\n\t25: {wantLang: 0x529, haveLang: 0x529, wantScript: 0x39, haveScript: 0x38, distance: 0x13},\n} // Size: 232 bytes\n\nvar matchRegion = []regionIntelligibility{ // 15 elements\n\t0: {lang: 0x3a, script: 0x0, group: 0x4, distance: 0x4},\n\t1: {lang: 0x3a, script: 0x0, group: 0x84, distance: 0x4},\n\t2: {lang: 0x139, script: 0x0, group: 0x1, distance: 0x4},\n\t3: {lang: 0x139, script: 0x0, group: 0x81, distance: 0x4},\n\t4: {lang: 0x13e, script: 0x0, group: 0x3, distance: 0x4},\n\t5: {lang: 0x13e, script: 0x0, group: 0x83, distance: 0x4},\n\t6: {lang: 0x3c0, script: 0x0, group: 0x3, distance: 0x4},\n\t7: {lang: 0x3c0, script: 0x0, group: 0x83, distance: 0x4},\n\t8: {lang: 0x529, script: 0x39, group: 0x2, distance: 0x4},\n\t9: {lang: 0x529, script: 0x39, group: 0x82, distance: 0x4},\n\t10: {lang: 0x3a, script: 0x0, group: 0x80, distance: 0x5},\n\t11: {lang: 0x139, script: 0x0, group: 0x80, distance: 0x5},\n\t12: {lang: 0x13e, script: 0x0, group: 0x80, distance: 0x5},\n\t13: {lang: 0x3c0, script: 0x0, group: 0x80, distance: 0x5},\n\t14: {lang: 0x529, script: 0x39, group: 0x80, distance: 0x5},\n} // Size: 114 bytes\n\n// Total table size 1471 bytes (1KiB); checksum: 4CB1CD46\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Kinematics of ribbon-fin locomotion in the bowfin, Amia calva.", "\nAn elongated dorsal and/or anal ribbon-fin to produce forward and backward propulsion has independently evolved in several groups of fishes. ", "In these fishes, fin ray movements along the fin generate a series of waves that drive propulsion. ", "There are no published data on the use of the dorsal ribbon-fin in the basal freshwater bowfin, Amia calva. ", "In this study, frequency, amplitude, wavelength, and wave speed along the fin were measured in Amia swimming at different speeds (up to 1.0 body length/sec) to understand how the ribbon-fin generates propulsion. ", "These wave properties were analyzed to (1) determine whether regional specialization occurs along the ribbon-fin, and (2) to reveal how the undulatory waves are used to control swimming speed. ", "Wave properties were also compared between swimming with sole use of the ribbon-fin, and swimming with simultaneous use of the ribbon and pectoral fins. ", "Statistical analysis of ribbon-fin kinematics revealed no differences in kinematic patterns along the ribbon-fin, and that forward propulsive speed in Amia is controlled by the frequency of the wave in the ribbon-fin, irrespective of the contribution of the pectoral fin. ", "This study is the first kinematic analysis of the ribbon-fin in a basal fish and the model species for Amiiform locomotion, providing a basis for understanding ribbon-fin locomotion among a broad range of teleosts." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates generally to cable television controllers and particularly to a cable television controller that is compatible with an existing cable converter for selectively blocking cable television programming.", "\n2. ", "Description of Related Art\nIt is becoming increasingly important to control the viewing of television and video programs by children on an ongoing basis, especially at times when personal supervision cannot be provided. ", "Ideally, there should be agreed-upon ground rules regarding the channels that can be watched; the time of viewing such as specific days or hours of the day; and the total viewing time that is permitted per day, per week, or per month. ", "Even with such agreement, effective management and enforcement becomes a formidable task for working parents.", "\nIn addition, while many television programs that are educational and/or suitable for children and/or youths are offered by cable channels, such as the Discovery Channel, Arts and Entertainment Channel, and the Disney Channel, there are an equal, if not greater, number of television programs that are not suitable for children. ", "Such unsuitable programs include the Playboy Channel, certain adult Pay-per-view channels, and the like. ", "With an increasing demand for programs offered by cable channels and thousands of cable companies providing cable service in the United States, such unsuitable cable channel programs have become increasingly accessible to children and youths.", "\nOne example of a parental control television system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,548,345 to Brian et al. ", "The '345 patent discloses a TV/video viewing supervision system that enables a supervisor to selectively pre-program the hours, programs, and/or channels of television for viewing. ", "The '345 patent provides the user with the option of either blocking selected channels/time periods or allowing selected channels/time periods for viewing. ", "Although the '345 patent may be implemented by antenna-based systems, it is not readily adaptable to cable-based systems. ", "That is, the supervision system of the '345 patent is not compatible with a standard stand-alone cable box. ", "Thus, in order to block one or more channels of a standard cable box, the supervision system of the '345 patent must be integrated within the standard cable box. ", "This may be undesirable and impracticable because there are a vast number of different cable boxes being used by cable companies.", "\nTherefore, there is a need in the art for a cable controller that is compatible with a vast number of existing cable converters for selectively blocking cable television programming without any modification to the cable converter hardware." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nStrange pgsql query performance\n\nI have a relation like this \nR ( EDGE INTEGER, DIHEDRAL INTEGER, FACE INTEGER , VALENCY INTEGER)\n\nI tested twice, 64 rows table R and 128 rows table R. but the simpler one takes much more time than the second one. ", "The explain is like below (It shows error on explain.depesz.com). ", "Could anyone help me to check why? ", "thanks. ", "\nplan for 64 rows:\nHashAggregate (cost=260.16..260.17 rows=1 width=12) (actual rows=64 loops=1)\n-> Nested Loop (cost=89.44..260.15 rows=1 width=12) (actual rows=256 loops=1)\n Join Filter: ((f1.face < f2.face) AND (e3.edge <> f1.edge) AND (e4.edge <> e3.edge) AND (f1.edge = f2.edge) AND (f1.face =\ne3.face))\n Rows Removed by Join Filter: 142606080\n -> Nested Loop (cost=41.91..167.59 rows=1 width=16) (actual rows=557056 loops=1)\n -> Nested Loop (cost=41.91..125.71 rows=1 width=8) (actual rows=256 loops=1)\n Join Filter: ((e5.edge <> f2.edge) AND (e5.edge <> e2.edge) AND (e2.face = e5.face))\n Rows Removed by Join Filter: 1113856\n -> Hash Join (cost=41.91..83.73 rows=1 width=16) (actual rows=512 loops=1)\n Hash Cond: (f2.face = e2.face)\n Join Filter: (e2.edge <> f2.edge)\n Rows Removed by Join Filter: 256\n -> Seq Scan on r f2 (cost=0.00..41.76 rows=12 width=8) (actual rows=384 loops=1)\n Filter: (valency = 3)\n Rows Removed by Filter: 1920\n -> Hash (cost=41.76..41.76 rows=12 width=8) (actual rows=2176 loops=1)\n Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 85kB\n -> Seq Scan on r e2 (cost=0.00..41.76 rows=12 width=8) (actual rows=2176 loops=1)\n Filter: (dihedral = 2)\n Rows Removed by Filter: 128\n -> Seq Scan on r e5 (cost=0.00..41.76 rows=12 width=8) (actual rows=2176 loops=512)\n Filter: (dihedral = 2)\n Rows Removed by Filter: 128\n -> Seq Scan on r e3 (cost=0.00..41.76 rows=12 width=8) (actual rows=2176 loops=256)\n Filter: (dihedral = 2)\n Rows Removed by Filter: 128\n -> Hash Join (cost=47.53..92.32 rows=11 width=16) (actual rows=256 loops=557056)\n Hash Cond: (e4.face = f1.face)\n Join Filter: (e4.edge <> f1.edge)\n Rows Removed by Join Filter: 128\n -> Seq Scan on r e4 (cost=0.00..36.01 rows=2301 width=8) (actual rows=2304 loops=557056)\n -> Hash (cost=47.52..47.52 rows=1 width=8) (actual rows=128 loops=1)\n Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 5kB\n -> Seq Scan on r f1 (cost=0.00..47.52 rows=1 width=8) (actual rows=128 loops=1)\n Filter: ((valency = 3) AND (dihedral = 1))\n Rows Removed by Filter: 2176\nTotal runtime: 159268.541 ms\n(37 rows)\n\nplan for 128 rows\nHashAggregate (cost=501.28..501.29 rows=1 width=12) (actual rows=128 loops=1)\n-> Nested Loop (cost=171.98..501.27 rows=2 width=12) (actual rows=512 loops=1)\n Join Filter: ((e3.edge <> f1.edge) AND (e4.edge <> e3.edge) AND (f1.face = e3.face))\n Rows Removed by Join Filter: 2227712\n -> Seq Scan on r e3 (cost=0.00..80.31 rows=22 width=8) (actual rows=4352 loops=1)\n Filter: (dihedral = 2)\n Rows Removed by Filter: 256\n -> Materialize (cost=171.98..420.08 rows=2 width=20) (actual rows=512 loops=4352)\n -> Nested Loop (cost=171.98..420.07 rows=2 width=20) (actual rows=512 loops=1)\n Join Filter: ((f1.face < f2.face) AND (f1.edge = f2.edge))\n Rows Removed by Join Filter: 261632\n -> Nested Loop (cost=80.59..242.23 rows=1 width=8) (actual rows=512 loops=1)\n Join Filter: ((e5.edge <> f2.edge) AND (e5.edge <> e2.edge) AND (e2.face = e5.face))\n Rows Removed by Join Filter: 4455936\n -> Seq Scan on r e5 (cost=0.00..80.31 rows=22 width=8) (actual rows=4352 loops=1)\n Filter: (dihedral = 2)\n Rows Removed by Filter: 256\n -> Materialize (cost=80.59..161.05 rows=2 width=16) (actual rows=1024 loops=4352)\n -> Hash Join (cost=80.59..161.04 rows=2 width=16) (actual rows=1024 loops=1)\n Hash Cond: (f2.face = e2.face)\n Join Filter: (e2.edge <> f2.edge)\n Rows Removed by Join Filter: 512\n -> Seq Scan on r f2 (cost=0.00..80.31 rows=22 width=8) (actual rows=768 loops=1)\n Filter: (valency = 3)\n Rows Removed by Filter: 3840\n -> Hash (cost=80.31..80.31 rows=22 width=8) (actual rows=4352 loops=1)\n Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 170kB\n -> Seq Scan on r e2 (cost=0.00..80.31 rows=22 width=8) (actual rows=4352 loops=1)\n Filter: (dihedral = 2)\n Rows Removed by Filter: 256\n -> Hash Join (cost=91.39..177.51 rows=22 width=16) (actual rows=512 loops=512)\n Hash Cond: (e4.face = f1.face)\n Join Filter: (e4.edge <> f1.edge)\n Rows Removed by Join Filter: 256\n -> Seq Scan on r e4 (cost=0.00..69.25 rows=4425 width=8) (actual rows=4608 loops=512)\n -> Hash (cost=91.38..91.38 rows=1 width=8) (actual rows=256 loops=1)\n Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 10kB\n -> Seq Scan on r f1 (cost=0.00..91.38 rows=1 width=8) (actual rows=256 loops=1)\n Filter: ((valency = 3) AND (dihedral = 1))\n Rows Removed by Filter: 4352\n Total runtime: 1262.761 ms\n (41 rows)\n\nA:\n\nThe query planner uses statistics on row counts/index sizes/etc. ", "to estimate how to get the best performance out of a query. ", "A bulk insertion of rows immediately followed by a query may not show best performance, because these statistics may be out of date.", "\nTo make sure the planner makes informed choices, you need to issue a call to ANALYZE prior to running your EXPLAIN query.", "\nIn your specific scenario, chances are the planner made a bad choice in the first case (the 64 rows) and a good one in the second case (the 128 rows).", "\n\n" ]

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[ "FREE \"Basic\" MembershipAdd your events, fundraisers, and things to do.", "They will automatically be included in the online calendars integrated into the regional BigCityBuzz.com and TheChamberBusinessNetwork.com partner networks!" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nFatal Error After adding facebook dependencies\n\nIn my application I added the following dependencies to begin work around facebook API a little latter in my code.", "\ncompile 'com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:4.+'\ncompile 'com.facebook.android:audience-network-sdk:4.+'\ncompile 'com.facebook.android:account-kit-sdk:4.+'\n\nBut as I added these dependencies and no other thing in my application code.my application started crashing on startup.", "\njava.lang.", "RuntimeException: Unable to get provider com.facebook.accountkit.internal.", "AccountKitInitProvider: 500: \nInitialization error: 503: \nThe Client Token must be specified in the string resource file as com.facebook.accountkit.", "ClientToken\n\n at android.app.", "ActivityThread.installProvider(ActivityThread.java:4911)\n at android.app.", "ActivityThread.installContentProviders(ActivityThread.java:4503)\n at android.app.", "ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:4443)\n at android.app.", "ActivityThread.access$1500(ActivityThread.java:139)\n at android.app.", "ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1268)\n at android.os.", "Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)\n at android.os.", "Looper.loop(Looper.java:136)\n at android.app.", "ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5135)\n at java.lang.reflect.", "Method.invokeNative(Native Method)\n at java.lang.reflect.", "Method.invoke(Method.java:515)\n at com.android.internal.os.", "ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:790)\n at com.android.internal.os.", "ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:606)\n at dalvik.system.", "NativeStart.main(Native Method)\n Caused by: 500: Initialization error: 503: The Client Token must be specified in the string resource file as com.facebook.accountkit.", "ClientToken\n at com.facebook.accountkit.internal.", "Initializer.getRequiredString(Initializer.java:225)\n at com.facebook.accountkit.internal.", "Initializer.initialize(Initializer.java:115)\n at com.facebook.accountkit.internal.", "AccountKitController.initialize(AccountKitController.java:540)\n at com.facebook.accountkit.internal.", "AccountKitInitProvider.onCreate(AccountKitInitProvider.java:31)\n at android.content.", "ContentProvider.attachInfo(ContentProvider.java:1616)\n at android.content.", "ContentProvider.attachInfo(ContentProvider.java:1587)\n at android.app.", "ActivityThread.installProvider(ActivityThread.java:4908)\n at android.app.", "ActivityThread.installContentProviders(ActivityThread.java:4503) \n at android.app.", "ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:4443) \n at android.app.", "ActivityThread.access$1500(ActivityThread.java:139) \n at android.app.", "ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1268) \n at android.os.", "Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102) \n at android.os.", "Looper.loop(Looper.java:136) \n at android.app.", "ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5135) \n at java.lang.reflect.", "Method.invokeNative(Native Method) \n at java.lang.reflect.", "Method.invoke(Method.java:515) \n\nEDITED:\nI have also added in Menifest latter \n<provider\n android:name=\"com.facebook.", "FacebookContentProvider\"\n android:authorities=\"com.facebook.app.", "FacebookContentProvider******\"\n android:exported=\"true\" />\n<meta-data\n android:name=\"com.facebook.sdk.", "ApplicationId\"\n android:value=\"@string/fbAppId\" />\n\nAnd in my Application class\n @Override\n public void onCreate() {\n super.onCreate();\n\n FacebookSdk.sdkInitialize(getApplicationContext());\n if (BuildConfig.", "DEBUG) {\n FacebookSdk.setIsDebugEnabled(true);\n FacebookSdk.addLoggingBehavior(LoggingBehavior.", "INCLUDE_ACCESS_TOKENS);\n }\n }\n\nBut Still its crashing Don't know where this error comes from? ", "However as I remove these dependencies my code runs fine.", "\n\nA:\n\nThe Client Token must be specified in the string resource file as com.facebook.accountkit.", "ClientToken\n\nIt clearly says you must have com.facebook.accountkit.", "ClientToken and its token in manifest file\nAdd\n<meta-data \n android:name=\"com.facebook.accountkit.", "ClientToken\"\n android:value=\"@string/ACCOUNT_KIT_CLIENT_TOKEN\" />\n\nin your Menifest file.", "\nfor more information please visit https://developers.facebook.com/docs/accountkit/android\n\n" ]

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[ "The four employees claim they were fired for protected labor organizing. ", "Last week, they filed unfair labor practice charges.", "\n\nGoogle says it fired the four over repeat violations of its data security policies. ", "In a statement provided to Engadget it said:\n\n\"We dismissed four individuals who were engaged in intentional and often repeated violations of our longstanding data security policies, including systematically accessing and disseminating other employees' materials and work. ", "No one has been dismissed for raising concerns or debating the company's activities.\"", "\n\nThis isn't the NLRB's first Google investigation. ", "A few months ago, as part of a settlement with the agency, Google agreed to remind employees they can freely discuss workplace issues and that they do not have to \"avoid controversies that are disruptive to the workplace.\" ", "In other instances, the NLRB has backed Google's decisions, like the one to fire the diversity memo writer James Damore.", "\n\nThe current investigation is expected to take about three months. ", "Regardless of the outcome, this case is the latest in a string of accusations that Google has a retaliation culture." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCan System.", "Net.", "WebClient be used in a console app to stream what my HttpHandler can do with Httpcontext.", "Response.", "OutputStream.", "Write?", "\n\nI'm trying to do something in a console app for a test (based on some code in an HttpHandler in a web app). ", "\nGiven something like this below which works for my HttpHandler which has HttpContext passed to it:\ncontext.", "Response.", "AppendHeader(\"Content-Length\", docContent.", "Length.", "ToString());\ncontext.", "Response.", "AppendHeader(\"content-disposition\", \"attachment; filename=\\\"\" + fileName + \"\\\"\");\ncontext.", "Response.", "ContentType = MIMEType.", "MimeType(fileType);\ncontext.", "Response.", "OutputStream.", "Write(docContent, 0, docContent.", "Length);\ncontext.", "Response.", "OutputStream.", "Flush();\n\nI have part of it, I think and then I get stuck:\nWebClient client = new WebClient ();\n\nclient.", "Headers.", "Add(\"Content-Length\", docContent.", "Length.", "ToString());\nclient.", "Headers.", "Add(\"content-disposition\", \"attachment; filename=\\\"\" + fileName + \"\\\"\");\nstring ContentType = MIMEType.", "MimeType(fileType);\n// ??", "\n// how to build the response as an output stream from my byte array which has the data ? ", "\n\nA:\n\nMemoryStream(byte[]) can create a Stream from a byte[]. ", "\nBut a problem is WebClient is designed to issue HTTP requests only. ", "If your goal is to test the server by downloading an attachment, then you'll need different headers.", "\nIf indeed you're trying to download a file, then try using WebClient.", "DownloadFile\n\n" ]

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[ "Advanced Imaging Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.", "\nThe fundamental approach to endoscopy is to identify concerning and potentially premalignant lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, sample or resect the area of interest, await histologic results, and subsequently formulate a treatment and/or surveillance strategy. ", "Detecting subtle lesions and deciding whether they are clinically significant are challenges that rely on the endoscopist's observation skills and experience. ", "Enhanced imaging technologies have been developed to aid in lesion identification and classification, enabling better visualization of the lumen from a wide-field view while also enabling real-time near-field, including cellular level, imaging of the tissue. ", "These innovations can potentially help reduce the rate of missed lesions, the need for extensive surveillance biopsies, and the frequency of surveillance. ", "Several of these advanced imaging technologies are discussed in this review." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow can I make ASP 'datalist' cells expandable/collapsible?", "\n\nI have a asp DataList that gets populated by a DataTable.", "\n<asp:PlaceHolder ID=\"ph3\" runat=\"server\">\n <asp:DataList ID=\"dlspec\" runat=\"server\" GridLines=\"Vertical\" OnItemDataBound=\"dlspec_ItemDataBound\">\n <FooterStyle BackColor=\"#CCCCCC\" />\n <AlternatingItemStyle CssClass=\"alt-grey\" />\n <SelectedItemStyle BackColor=\"#000099\" Font-Bold=\"True\" ForeColor=\"White\" />\n <HeaderStyle BackColor=\"Black\" Font-Bold=\"True\" ForeColor=\"White\" />\n <ItemTemplate>\n <table width=\"320px\">\n <tr>\n <td class=\"leftcol\">\n <asp:Label ID=\"lblDimension\" runat=\"server\" Text='<%# Eval(\"Dimension\") %>'></asp:Label>:\n </td>\n <td class=\"ProductDetailData\">\n <asp:Label ID=\"lblName\" runat=\"server\" Text='<%# Eval(\"Attribute\") %>'></asp:Label>\n </td>\n </tr>\n </table>\n </ItemTemplate>\n </asp:DataList> \n</asp:placeholder>\n\nThe problem is that I only need to display the first 5 elements in the data list and I need to hide the rest of the cells and make them \"expandable\" on request. ", "\nHow can I achieve this within the DataList control? ", "I know there are JQuery plugins that i can use against a particular \"div\" tag to achieve this but I dont know how i can do this within a \"DataList Control\".", "\nHelp needed soon on this.. Appreciate all your valuable advice.", "\n\nA:\n\nWhat you need is pagination. ", "Here is an article that shows you how to get it done.", "\nUpdate: For doing that client side with jQuery have a look here.", "\nBasically add a class to the table in the ItemTemplate and a Show more link and add the javascript code somewhere in the page. ", "\nAdding the jQuery script here(assuming row is your item class and showMore is the link that shows more items, in this case all of them to keep it simple):\n$(function() {\n $(\".row\").slice(2).hide();\n\n $(\"#showMore\").click(function() {\n $(\".row\").show();\n });\n});\n\nYou can further play with the slice() function to add more interesting behaviour.", "\nPlease note that if your page is slow the users will see the whole table and when the page is done loading most of the rows in the list will disappear. ", "To avoid that execute the javascript right after you render the datalist.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention is concerned with flowmeters for measuring liquid and gaseous flow rates in a mixed fluid flow.", "\n2. ", "Discussion of Prior Art\nOne example of the type of mixed fluid flow with which the invention is concerned is the mixture of oil and a gas obtained from natural deposits. ", "It is desirable to know the composition of the supply from an oilfield for various reasons such as the planning of storage and processing, and also for fiscal reasons. ", "However measuring the proportions of liquid and gas in a fluid flow of this type is not easy, as the composition tends to vary randomly. ", "The simple method of analysing samples can therefore give misleading figures." ]

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[ "KINKY SEXY RED HEAD Come Play x Lili Available 28/9 xx - 22\n\nSoft silky skin that makes your fingers tingle and keeps you wanting to feel more. ", "Im a sweet blue eyed beauty that has a passion melting in my eyes a passion to please. ", "With my plum red hair resting just below my shoulders, tickling my collarbones, framing my bright smile that will take your mind off the outside world when you stand before me.", "\n\nIll drop to my knees and please you like the king you are and use my delicate hands to caress every inch of your skin. ", "Ill pleasure you like no other and keep you wanting more of my curvy figure. ", "Lets go dive in to a sea of sheets and ecstasy." ]

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[ "Thursday, December 23, 2010\n\nOwl About Thursday\n\nWelcome to another Owl About Thursday!Have you finished your Christmas baking yet? ", "If you have, maybe you'll consider pulling out the bowls and spoons one last time to make this snowy owl cake, which would be perfect for Christmas!!If you don't have the patience to make something that complex this close to the day, how about these gorgeous owl cupcakes!? ", "I can just see them made with red and green or other colours to suit your theme!Or how about some owl cookies!?Or some flaky pastry owls!?This Popcorn owl would look amazing in coloured popcorn!And while you're baking, keep the kids busy colouring in these owl Christmas decorations.", "Here's a link for a sweet Christmas owl colouring picture too." ]

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[ "Pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation with marked elevation of MIB-1 labeling index.", "\nWe report a case of pineal parenchymal tumor (PPT) in an 11-year-old girl. ", "Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large tumor (48 mm) located in the pineal region with heterogeneous enhancement after gadolinium administration. ", "The patient underwent tumor removal with craniotomy; only partial tumor resection could be performed because of massive intratumoral bleeding. ", "Histopathological examination of the tumor showed lobular proliferation of round cells with moderate atypia. ", "Cellularity varied by area, and focal Homer Wright rosettes were identified. ", "Examination of tumor cells revealed a few mitoses (two mitotic figures per 10 high-powered fields), and immunohistochemical staining revealed positivity for synaptophysin, slight positivity for neurofilament protein (NFP) with antibody clone 2F11, and strong positivity for NFP with clone NF-M+H. The pathological diagnosis was pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation grade II according to World Health Organization criteria despite a high (22%) MIB-1 labeling index (LI). ", "The patient had a favorable clinical course after an intensified chemotherapy regimen designed for pineoblastoma and radiotherapy administered to the entire neuraxis, followed by stereotactic radiotherapy. ", "In conclusion, MIB-1 LI could be a useful tool for deciding therapeutic strategies for PPT treatment when there is a discrepancy between clinical findings and pathological grading." ]

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[ "Elaine's Palm & Tarot Reading Blog\n\nToday is a day of salvation. ", "The situation that burdened can be changed with the help of Archangel Michael. ", "It is now the right time to ask him for help, because God ordered his angels to watch over you. ", "Use this promise and turn to Michael in your distress. ", "Trust that he will help you.", "\n\nAffirmation: \"Archangel Michael, I ask you to help me, to bring all my challenges to a positive end.\"" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Cyclin A2 modulates EMT via β-catenin and phospholipase C pathways.", "\nWe have previously demonstrated that Cyclin A2 is involved in cytoskeletal dynamics, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. ", "This phenotype was potentiated by activated oncogenic H-Ras. ", "However, the mechanisms governing EMT in these cells have not yet been elucidated. ", "Here, we dissected the pathways that are responsible for EMT in cells deficient for Cyclin A2. ", "In Cyclin A2-depleted normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) cells expressing RasV12, we found that β-catenin was liberated from the cell membrane and cell-cell junctions and underwent nuclear translocation and activation. ", "Components of the canonical wingless (WNT) pathway, including WNT8b, WNT10a, WNT10b, frizzled 1 and 2 and TCF4 were upregulated at the messenger RNA and protein levels following Cyclin A2 depletion. ", "However, suppression of the WNT pathway using the acetyltransferase porcupine inhibitor C59 did not reverse EMT whereas a dominant negative form of TCF4 as well as inhibition of phospholipase C using U73122 were able to do so. ", "This suggests that a WNT-independent mechanism of β-catenin activation via phospholipase C is involved in the EMT induced by Cyclin A2 depletion. ", "Our findings will broaden our knowledge on how Cyclin A2 contributes to EMT and metastasis." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Story highlights Trump's 2014 comments offer a sharp contrast to his recent Russia-friendly rhetoric.", "\n\nTrump expresses support for sanctions on Russia in one 2014 interview.", "\n\n(CNN) In a series of interviews in March of 2014, Donald Trump singled out Russia as the United States' \"biggest problem\" and greatest geopolitical foe.", "\n\nTrump's comments more than two years ago, which came in the wake of Russian incursions into Crimea, offer a sharp contrast to the Russia-friendly rhetoric he has employed since launching his presidential campaign.", "\n\nIn the interviews reviewed by CNN's KFile from March 2014, which occurred on NBC News and Fox News, Trump goes as far as to suggest imposing sanctions to hurt Russia economically and then later says he supports such sanctions. ", "Trump also expressed his agreement with former Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney's 2012 assessment that Russia is the United States' number one \"geopolitical foe.\"", "\n\n\"Well, Mitt was right, and he was also right when he mentioned in one of the debates about Russia, and he said, 'Russia's our biggest problem, and Russia is, you know, really something,'\" Trump said on the March 24, 2014 edition of \"Fox and Friends.\"", "\n\n\"He said it's a hell of a problem, and everybody laughed at him, including certain media, by the way,\" continued Trump. \"", "They laughed. ", "It turned out that he's absolutely right. ", "You look at what Russia's doing with Iran, how they controlled the situation, and Syria, and virtually every other place that ... We were thrown out of every place. ", "I'm not saying we should be there. ", "We should rebuild our own schools and our own bridges and highways and everything else. ", "To be scoffed at and thrown around the way we're being thrown around is absolutely unthinkable.\"", "\n\nRead More" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "The present invention relates to a holder to clamp a wire bundle such as a wiring harness and a hose for piping and to fix the same in the engine compartment of an automobile and the like.", "\nOne example of a conventional holder is shown in FIG. ", "7. ", "The conventional holder 220 includes a base member 221 having a curved surface on which a pair of curved supporting ribs 230 are formed, a fastening member 222 having a curved surface on which a pair of curved fastening ribs 240 are formed, and a hinged connecting member 223 interconnecting the base member 221 and the fastening member 222. ", "The hinged connecting member 223 permits pivotal movement of the fastening member 222 between a closed or clamping position (not shown) and an open position as shown in FIG. ", "7. ", "The base member 221 includes a mounting portion 224 having an insertion opening in which a bracket 225 mounted on an automobile body 214 is received. ", "The base member 221 also includes an engagement lip 227. ", "When the fastening member 222 is pivoted to the clamping position, the engagement 227 may engage an engagement lip 228 provided on the fastening member 222 to achieve the desired snap-interfit therebetween.", "\nTo operate the holder 220 thus constructed, an article W such as a wiring harness and a hose is seated on the curved supporting ribs 230 of the base member 221, with the fastening member 222 pivoted to the open position. ", "The fastening member 222 is then pivoted toward its clamping position until the engagement lip 228 is completely engaged with the engagement lip 227 so that the article W is clamped between the supporting ribs 230 of the base member 221 and the fastening ribs 240 of the fastening member 222. ", "Subsequently, the holder 220 is put on the bracket 225 in a manner that the bracket 225 mounted on the automobile body 214 is received in the insertion opening formed on the mounting portion 224 of the base member 221. ", "Thus, the article W is fixedly held on the automobile body 214.", "\nA problem usually associated with the conventional holder is that the engagement lips 227 and 228 are simply engaged with each other to keep the clamping position of the fastening member 222. ", "Therefore, when the engagement lips 227 and 228 are accidentally disengaged, the fastening member 222 is easily moved to its open position, thereby causing falling off of the article W from the holder 220." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "using System;\nusing System.", "Collections.", "Generic;\nusing DotNetCore.", "CAP;\nusing LinCms.", "Aop.", "Attributes;\nusing LinCms.", "Aop.", "Filter;\nusing LinCms.", "Data;\nusing LinCms.", "Data.", "Enums;\nusing LinCms.", "Entities;\nusing LinCms.", "Exceptions;\nusing Microsoft.", "AspNetCore.", "Http;\nusing Microsoft.", "AspNetCore.", "Mvc;\n\nnamespace LinCms.", "Controllers.v1\n{\n [Route(\"v1/test\")]\n [ApiExplorerSettings(GroupName = \"v1\")]\n [ApiController]\n public class TestController : ControllerBase\n {\n private readonly IFreeSql _freeSql;\n private readonly ICapPublisher _capBus;\n public TestController(IFreeSql freeSql, ICapPublisher capBus)\n {\n _freeSql = freeSql;\n _capBus = capBus;\n }\n\n [HttpGet(\"info\")]\n [LinCmsAuthorize(\"查看lin的信息\", \"信息\")]\n [Logger(template: \"{user.", "UserName}又皮了一波\")]\n public UnifyResponseDto Info()\n {\n return UnifyResponseDto.", "Success(\"Lin 是一套基于 Python-Flask 的一整套开箱即用的后台管理系统（CMS）。Lin 遵循简洁、高效的原则，通过核心库加插件的方式来驱动整个系统高效的运行\");\n }\n\n [HttpGet(\"\")]\n public string Slogan()\n {\n return @\"<style type=\"\"text/css\"\">*{ padding: 0; margin: 0; } div{ padding: 4px 48px;} a{color:#2E5CD5;cursor: \n pointer;text-decoration: none} a:hover{text-decoration:underline; } body{ background: #fff; font-family:\n \"\"Century Gothic\"\",\"\"Microsoft yahei\"\"; color: #333;font-size:18px;} h1{ font-size: 100px; font-weight: normal; \n margin-bottom: 12px; } p{ line-height: 1.6em; font-size: 42px }</style><div style=\"\"padding: 24px 48px;\"\" ><p>\n Lin <br/><span style=\"\"font -size:30px\"\" > 心上无垢，林间有风。</span></p></div> \";\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// 下划线，首字母会小写\n /// </summary>\n /// <returns></returns>\n [HttpGet(\"get\")]\n public dynamic Get()\n {\n return new\n {\n Content = new\n {\n Url = Request.", "Path.", "Value,\n NewUrlTest = \"test in new url test\"\n }\n };\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// 这种方式不会变小写，怀疑人生，是不是他的key不是键？ ", "https://github.com/JamesNK/Newtonsoft.Json/issues/2088\n /// </summary>\n /// <returns></returns>\n [HttpGet(\"getDictionary\")]\n public IDictionary<string, string> GetDictionary()\n {\n IDictionary<string, string> dics = new Dictionary<string, string>\n {\n { \"Key\", \"Value\" },\n { \"Key_Test\", \"Value_Test\" }\n };\n\n return dics;\n }\n\n [HttpGet(\"lincms-exception\")]\n public UnifyResponseDto TestLinCmsException()\n {\n throw new LinCmsException(\"我报异常了-NotFound！\", ", "ErrorCode.", "NotFound, StatusCodes.", "Status404NotFound);\n\n //return ResultDto.", "Success();\n }\n\n [HttpGet(\"lincms-2\")]\n public UnifyResponseDto TestLinCms2Exception()\n {\n throw new Exception(\"我报异常了-Exeption\");\n //return ResultDto.", "Success();\n }\n\n [HttpGet(\"test-time\")]\n public void TestTime(DateTime dateTime)\n {\n Console.", "WriteLine(dateTime);\n }\n\n [HttpGet(\"~/freesql/transaction/{id}\")]\n public DateTime FreeSqlTransaction(int id)\n {\n DateTime now = DateTime.", "Now;\n using (var uow = _freeSql.", "CreateUnitOfWork())\n {\n using ICapTransaction trans = uow.", "BeginTransaction(_capBus, false);\n var repo = uow.", "GetRepository<Book>();\n\n repo.", "Insert(new Book()\n {\n Author = \"luoyunchong\" + (id == 1 ? \"", "luoyunchongluoyunchongluoyunchongluoyunchongluoyunchongluoyunchongluoyunchongluoyunchongluoyunchongluoyunchong\" : \"\"),\n Summary = \"1\",\n Title = \"122\",\n IsDeleted = false,\n CreateTime = DateTime.", "Now,\n CreateUserId = 1\n });\n repo.", "Insert(new Book()\n {\n Author = \"luoyunchong\",\n Summary = \"2\",\n Title = \"122\",\n IsDeleted = false,\n CreateTime = DateTime.", "Now,\n CreateUserId = 2\n });\n if (id == 0)\n {\n throw new Exception(\"异常，事务不正常!!\");", "\n }\n repo.", "Insert(new Book()\n {\n Author = \"luoyunchong\",\n Summary = \"summary\",\n Title = \"122\",\n IsDeleted = false,\n CreateTime = DateTime.", "Now,\n CreateUserId = 3\n });\n\n _capBus.", "Publish(\"freesql.time\", now);\n trans.", "Commit();\n }\n\n return now;\n }\n\n [NonAction]\n [CapSubscribe(\"freesql.time\")]\n public void GetTime(DateTime time)\n {\n Console.", "WriteLine($\"time:{time}\");\n }\n\n [HttpGet(\"~/send\")]\n public IActionResult SendMessage([FromServices] ICapPublisher capBus)\n {\n capBus.", "Publish(\"test.show.time\", DateTime.", "Now);\n\n return Ok();\n }\n\n [NonAction]\n [CapSubscribe(\"test.show.time\")]\n public void ReceiveMessage(DateTime time)\n {\n Console.", "WriteLine(\"message time is:\" + time);\n }\n }\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Ethical and conceptual issues in eating disorders.", "\nThis review considers the literature on ethical and conceptual issues in eating disorders from the last 18 months. ", "Some reference to earlier work is necessary in order to provide context for the recent findings from research that is ongoing. ", "Empirical ethics research on anorexia nervosa includes novel ethical and conceptual findings on the role of authenticity and personal identity in individuals' reports of their experience, as well as new evidence on the role of affective states and values in decision making at later stages of the illness. ", "Evidence points to the hypothesis that anorexia nervosa may be a distinct affective syndrome that organizes feelings and emotions in accordance with a fixed idea. ", "There has been impressive progress in empirical ethics research on anorexia nervosa, with important implications for ethical and conceptual issues that surround decision-making capacity and our understanding of the illness." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "A comparison of speculum and nonspeculum collection of cervicovaginal specimens for fetal fibronectin testing.", "\nCurrent recommendations include the use of a vaginal speculum for fetal fibronectin specimen collection. ", "This article evaluates the equivalency of nonspeculum methods for collecting fetal fibronectin specimens. ", "Two separate prospective studies of patients more than 22 weeks' gestation were performed at 2 institutions with similar hypotheses and methods. ", "Two sequential specimens were collected on each patient: 1 with speculum and 1 with the nonspeculum method. ", "The order of collection was reversed or randomized in both studies. ", "Two alternative nonspeculum collection methods are described. ", "The 2 study sample sizes were 169 and 31. ", "Comparison of the fetal fibronectin test results between the speculum and nonspeculum methods demonstrated greater than 95% agreement with an intraclass Kappa coefficient greater than 0.85 in both studies. ", "The order of collection did not result in significantly different fetal fibronectin averages. ", "These studies demonstrate that there is excellent agreement between fetal fibronectin results obtained by speculum and nonspeculum collection methods." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nParse Enum with FlagsAttribute to a SqlParameter\n\nI've got an Enum with Flags attribute.", "\n [Flags]\n public enum AlcoholStatus\n {\n NotRecorded = 1,\n Drinker = 2,\n NonDrinker = 4\n }\n\nI am creating a Sqlparameter as below.", "\nnew SqlParameter(\"@AlcoholStatus\", SqlDbType.", "VarChar) {Value = (int) AlcoholStatus}\n\nIf AlcoholStatus has all the values (NotRecorded | Drinker | NonDrinker) it returns 7 as the value for the SqlParameter.", "\nI am parsing this parameter for a stored procedure and I prefer if I can parse the value as \"1,2,3,\". ", "What's the best way of doing this?", "\nOr is there any other easy way to filter records by parsing integer value 7 to the stored procedure?", "\nEDIT : This happens in a filter functionally where user wants to see people with any of above statuses.", "\nIt's a quite complicated sql query. ", "There I filter AlcoholStatus as below\nWHERE AlcoholStatus IN \"1,2,4,\"\n\nA:\n\nLeaving the aside of whether that enum makes sense as a [Flags], IMO the only sensible way of storing this data is in an int column. ", "Just store the value - nothing else is required. ", "Trying to coerce it as a varchar is a mistake. ", "The job of the DB is to store data, not to care about presentation.", "\nIf you need to filter by this you can use bitwise operators in the search, but note that performance is impacted since when searching by combination (rather than via equality, which can use a non-clustered index). ", "If you need to search on arbitrary combinations, then consider denormalization instead. ", "If you only need to search on predictable bits then you can lift those out with a calculated persisted indexed column - i.e. you can have an automatic IsDrinker column (bit) that represents bit 2.", "\n\nA:\n\nI wrote below method to get the comma separated enum ids in order to parse that to the database.", "\nprivate static string GetAlcoholStatuses(Enums.", "Enums.", "AlcoholStatus? ", "alcoholStatus)\n{\n if (alcoholStatus == null)\n return string.", "Empty;\n\n Enums.", "Enums.", "AlcoholStatus alcoholStatusValue = alcoholStatus.", "Value;\n string alcoholStatuses = string.", "Empty;\n\n if (alcoholStatusValue.", "HasFlag(Enums.", "Enums.", "AlcoholStatus.", "Drinker))\n {\n alcoholStatuses = string.", "Format(\"{0}{1}{2}\", alcoholStatuses, (int)Enums.", "Enums.", "AlcoholStatus.", "Drinker, \",\");\n }\n if (alcoholStatusValue.", "HasFlag(Enums.", "Enums.", "AlcoholStatus.", "NonDrinker))\n {\n alcoholStatuses = string.", "Format(\"{0}{1}{2}\", alcoholStatuses, (int)Enums.", "Enums.", "AlcoholStatus.", "NonDrinker, \",\");\n }\n if (alcoholStatusValue.", "HasFlag(Enums.", "Enums.", "AlcoholStatus.", "NotRecorded))\n {\n alcoholStatuses = string.", "Format(\"{0}{1}{2}\", alcoholStatuses, (int)Enums.", "Enums.", "AlcoholStatus.", "NotRecorded, \",\");\n }\n\n return alcoholStatuses;\n}\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Jal tarang\n\nThe Jal Tarang is a melodic percussion instrument which \noriginates from the Indian subcontinent. ", "It consists of a set of ceramic or metal bowls filled with water. ", "The bowls are played by striking the edge with beaters, one in each hand.", "\n\nHistory\nThe earliest mention of the Jaltarang is found in 'Vatsyayana's Kamasutra' as playing on musical glasses filled with water. ", "Jal-tarang was also mentioned in the medieval Sangeet Parijaat text, which categorized this instrument under Ghan-Vadya (idiophonic instruments in which sound is produced by striking a surface, also called concussion idiophones.) ", "The SangeetSaar text considers 22 cups to be a complete jal tarang and 15 cups to be one of mediocre status. ", "The cups, of varying sizes, are made of either bronze or porcelain. ", "Jal-tarang was also called jal-yantra in medieval times, and poets of the Krishna cult (also called Ashtachhap poets) have mentioned this instrument.", "\n\nIn modern days, it has fallen into obscurity. ", "Literally, jal tarang means 'waves in water', but it indicates motion of sound created or modified with the aid of water. ", "Among wave-instruments, it is the most prominent and ancient. ", "This traditional instrument is used in Indian classical music. ", "Some scholars think that in the ancient period these were in routine use around the eastern border of India.", "\n\nDetails\nToday only porcelain bowls are preferred by artists. ", "Cups for Manda Swar (notes of lower octave) are large while those for Taar Swar (notes of higher octaves) are smaller in size. ", "Water is poured into the cups and the pitch is changed by adjusting the volume of water. ", "The number of cups depends on the melody being played. ", "The bowls are mostly arranged in a half-circle in front of the player, who can then reach them all easily. ", "The player softly hits the cups with a wooden stick on the border to obtain the sound. ", "Tuning the instrument isn't easy and requires some skill. ", "While playing, fine nuances can be obtained if the performer is accomplished. ", "SangeetSaar mentions that if the player can rotate the water through a quick light touch of the stick, nuances and finer variations of the note can be achieved.", "\n\nSee also \nWater drum\nElectronic transmission\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nhttp://www.jaltarang.com/\nhttp://www.jalatharangam.com\n\nCategory:Indian musical instruments\nCategory:Melodic percussion" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Q:\n\nRemoving from the list objects which duplicates other objects (Have got the same variables)\n\nI have got class TestObject with two variables: int A, and int B.\nI have got a list of TestObjects, and I would like to remove from the list duplicates (Objects that contains the same A and the same B variable.) ", "\n\nObject 1 (A=1,B=1)\nObject 2 (A=2,B=2)\nObject 3 (A=1,B=1)\n\nIn this case I would like to remove from the list Object 1 OR 3, it doesn't matter which.", "\nObjects are different instances, so standard:\nLinkedHashSet<TestObject> hs = new LinkedHashSet<TestObject>();\n hs.addAll(TestObjectList);\n new.clear();\n new.addAll(hs);\n\nThis will not work.", "\nIs there any easy way to achieve my goal?", "\nI tried using iterator inside iterator:\n ListIterator<TestObject> iter = TestObjectList.listIterator();\n while(iter.hasNext()){\n TestObject to = iter.next();\n ListIterator<TestObject> iter2 = TestObjectList.listIterator();\n while(iter2.hasNext()){\n TestObject to2 = iter2.next();\n if(to.", "A==to2.A && to.", "B == to2.B){\n iter.remove();\n }\n }\n }\n\nBut I get following exception:\n\nException in thread \"main\" java.util.", "ConcurrentModificationException' on line\n \"TestObject to2 = iter2.next();\n\nUnfortunnately, I have no other idea in what way I may achieve this goal.", "\nMaybe there is an easier way?", "\n\nA:\n\nAs @DeludedPsyche has said, you just need to make TestObject support proper Java equality checking. ", "Then you can add instances to a Set and have duplicates 'ignored'.", "\nThere are lots of good links for learning more about how / why this works, e.g. here and here.", "\nEclipse generated this for me:\n@Override\npublic int hashCode() {\n final int prime = 31;\n int result = 1;\n result = prime * result + a;\n result = prime * result + b;\n return result;\n}\n\n@Override\npublic boolean equals( Object obj) {\n if (this == obj) {\n return true;\n }\n if (obj == null) {\n return false;\n }\n if (!(", "obj instanceof TestObject)) {\n return false;\n }\n TestObject other = (TestObject) obj;\n if (a !", "= other.a) {\n return false;\n }\n if (b !", "= other.b) {\n return false;\n }\n return true;\n}\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Q:\n\ndifferent positioned columns css\n\nThere are some plugins to make pintrest style columns that are basically calculating where to place the divs with unique absolute positioning for every element. ", "My design is more simple and I would think there should be a css3 solution...\nCan you make every other column pushed down like 20px? ", "The design is responsive so depending on browser size will depend on how many columns there are so I would not just want to wrap every column in a div and move it down...\nhttp://jsfiddle.net/3eVHU/1/\n$('.container div').each(function() {\n if($(this).prev().length > 0) {\n if($(this).position().top !", "= $(this).prev().position().top) return false;\n listInRow++;\n }\n else {\n listInRow++; \n }\n });\n\nso somehow in my fiddle I would need a way to calculate the number of divs in the first row only and position every other element / row downward just a bit just like in this pic below\n\nIs there any way to do this simply or would I still need to use something like masonry or another pintrest style reproducing library?", "\n\nA:\n\nhttp://css-tricks.com/seamless-responsive-photo-grid/\nBOOYA! ", "Cant say how excited I was to find this. ", "My calculation script wont work to find the number of elements on the first row which I need but it all works without any JS to at least position the elements! ", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "1. ", "Field\nExample embodiments relate to a liquid crystal display module and a method of forming the same. ", "More specifically, example embodiments relate to a liquid crystal display module having a backlight unit and a liquid crystal display panel secured by a solidified product of a thermoplastic resin, and a method of forming the same.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nGenerally, a liquid crystal display module, e.g., a display of a mobile phone and the like, may include a liquid crystal display panel and a backlight unit. ", "For example, the backlight unit of the liquid crystal display module may include a light source, e.g., a LED, and a plurality of sequentially stacked optical sheets. ", "The optical sheets may be secured by a chassis, e.g., the chassis may constitute an outer appearance of the backlight unit." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "An interdisciplinary team of clinical and experimental nutritionists, hepatologists, internists and morphologists plans to determine 1) whether patients who use drugs have altered hepatic vitamin A levels 2) whether drugs and food additives lower hepatic vitamin A in the rat and whether they induce abnormalities of vitamin A metabolism in the liver which might explain the changes 3) whether there is an associated deleterious effect on the liver 4) to what extent drugs and food additives enhance vitamin A requirements. ", "Vitamin A levels will be measured in liver biopsies of patients exposed to various drugs. ", "Possible relationship between lowering of hepatic vitamin A and alterations of the Golgi, microtubules and lysosomes will be assessed. ", "The effects of drugs and food additives on hepatic vitamin A status will also be evaluated in experimental models to determine possible mechanisms whereby drug administration can lower hepatic vitamin A, including bile excretion and increased metabolism of retinoic acid in \"induced\" microsomes. ", "The possibility of a selected interaction of retinoic acid with specific forms of cytochrome P-450 will be evaluated in isolated microsomes and in reconstituted microsomal systems. ", "The role of lowered hepatic vitamine A in the pathogenesis of liver disorders will be assessed in rats rendered vitamin A deficient and potentiation by drug administration will be evaluated. ", "Studies will focus on alterations of the Golgi apparatus with the evaluation of impairment of lipoprotein secretion including abnormal glycosylation. ", "Microtubular alterations will be assessed by morphometry and immunofluorescence. ", "In addition, tubulin will be measured by radioimmunoassay. ", "Possible lysosomal alterations will be determined by electron microscopy, histochemistry and measurement of lysosomal enzymes in total homogenates (with and without lysosomal disruption by Triton), isolated lysosomes and in the blood. ", "To obtain the information needed for optimal vitamin A therapy, potentiation by drugs or ethanol of the toxicity of vitamin A supplementation will be determined in the rat and in patients participating in a program of vitamin A treatment for sexual dysfunction. ", "The aim of this study is not only to increase our understanding of the abnormalities of vitamin A metabolism associated with drug use (including the impact on the pathogenesis of liver dysfunction) but also to provide information needed for the prophylactic and therapeutic use of vitamin A." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

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[ "Low power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), e.g., sensor networks, have a myriad of applications, such as Smart Grid and Smart Cities. ", "Various challenges are presented with LLNs, such as lossy links, low bandwidth, battery operation, low memory and/or processing capability, etc. ", "One example routing solution to LLN challenges is a protocol called Routing Protocol for LLNs or “RPL,” which is a distance vector routing protocol that builds a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG, or simply DAG) in addition to a set of features to bound the control traffic, support local (and slow) repair, etc. ", "The RPL architecture provides a flexible method by which each node performs DODAG discovery, construction, and maintenance.", "\nOne significant challenge with routing in LLNs is ensuring that links to is neighboring nodes are valid. ", "More traditional IP networks typically use a proactive keepalive mechanism with a relatively short period, such as the Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) protocol. ", "Due to the strict resource constraints of LLNs, protocols such as RPL do not rely on proactive keepalive mechanisms. ", "Instead, many LLN protocols typically take a reactive approach, using link-layer acknowledgments and/or IPv6 Neighbor Unreachability Detection (NUD) to update link statistics when forwarding traffic.", "\nOne fundamental problem is that nodes in many LLNs only maintain links in the UPWARD direction (toward a root node), and detect link failures reactively when sending a data packet. ", "If a node has no data packets to send, it will not detect the link failure and will not notify the root that the link is no longer valid. ", "As a result, the root will continue to send traffic down an invalid path." ]

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[ "Not Sure? ", "Let them choose.", "\n\nCurrently, Minneapolis does not offer any Whitewater Rafting Experiences experiences. ", "Please browse other experiences in Minneapolis\n\nMinneapolis Experiences\n\nAt Cloud 9 Living, we’re here to help you give the best gift ever—with over 2,000 exciting, top-rated experiences, easy returns and exchanges, and thousands of positive reviews from our happy customers. ", "Find the perfect gift for your loved one today.", "\n\nHow it Works\n\n1\n\nChoose from 2,000+ experiences nationwide\n\nPick the perfect experience gift or buy a gift certificate and let your recipient choose their own adventure.", "\n\n2\n\nE-Voucher Delivered Instantly\n\nAfter checking out, you can easily print or email your Experience Voucher. ", "While delivery is instant, the memories will last a lifetime.", "\n\n3\n\nEasy to redeem or exchange\n\nYour recipient can book their experience at their convenience either online or by calling us. ", "And if they'd prefer to do another one, they can easily exchange it.", "\n\n4\n\nCreate unforgettable memories\n\nOur trusted vendors and passionate team will ensure that your recipient will be treated to the experience of a lifetime—making memories that will last for years to come.", "\n\nHassle-free Gifting\n\nOur experienced team takes the risk out of gift-giving with handpicked experiences that are guaranteed to delight. ", "We only work with top-rated experience providers and offer flexible policies to make giving a great gift a no-brainer—no matter who you're shopping for.", "\n\nTake exploring things to do in Minneapolis to new heights!", "\n\nPlanning a trip to the Twin Cities? ", "Or looking for a fun, new way to discover the place you call home? ", "Minneapolis experience gifts from Cloud 9 Living make it easy to celebrate any special occasion or make every day extraordinary.", "\n\nConveniently located near the famous Great Lakes, and just a stone's throw away from lush national forests and the U.S.-Canada border, the Twin Cities offer an abundance of both urban and outdoor adventures.", "\n\nTake to the skies with a unique flying experience, allowing for unrivaled views of Minnesota's most renowned areas. ", "There's not better way to see Minneapolis attractions than to truly see 'em all on a Twin Cities Scenic Plane Tour. ", "Sit back and relax in a Cessna 172, marveling at the breathtaking expanse below. ", "Fly over landmarks like Lake Minnetonka, the State Capital, downtown scenery, sweeping suburban landscape, and rolling terrain.", "\n\nOr make an airborne outing all the more unforgettable from the pilot's seat of the plane! ", "Embark on a Learn to Fly lesson with an FAA-certified instructor, and receive hands-on coaching for the duration of flight — along with stunning views and memories that will last a lifetime.", "\n\nAdd some invigorating extras to the list of things to do in Minneapolis! ", "Check out a range of driving experiences that will get the heart racing and crowds cheering!", "\n\nIs food a favorite? ", "Tantalize the taste buds with a food tour, sampling a sweet and savory route around attractions in Minneapolis. ", "Or lace up some running shoes, exploring the city by foot — with refreshing stops at local downtown watering holes to 'rehydrate.'", "\n\nFor an eclectic experience of the Twin Cities, expand your hobbies and horizons with an array of hip, urban classes and lessons. ", "Choose from a collection of activities featuring culinary topics, art outings, scavenger hunts and more!", "\n\nWith so many fun things to do in Minneapolis, there's something for everyone to enjoy!", "\n\nWondering what to do in Minneapolis? ", "Let your taste buds lead the way!", "\n\nOne of the most diverse features of Minneapolis is its food scene. ", "Whether you're looking for a creative way to further immerse yourself in the downtown culture, or are hoping to learn how to do some gourmet slicing and dicing yourself — there's no tastier things to do in Minneapolis than to take on the Twin Cities with food and wine experience gifts!", "\n\nExplore the area's renowned landmarks while enjoying fine cuisine from a collection of local establishments on a Downtown Minneapolis Food Tour. ", "Wander through historic and ethnic neighborhoods, viewing local Minneapolis attractions like the Grain Belt Beer sign and Our Lady of Lourdes Church. ", "Chow down on delicious samples from five area restaurants and specialty stores whose selections reflect the unique personality and traditions of the Twin Cities area.", "\n\nPut a little hop (or hops) in your step with Minneapolis tours that feature pints at a 'fascinating' pace — check out the area's Running and Beer Tour! ", "Jog a leisurely 5K (3.1-mile) route through downtown Minneapolis, learning fun facts about the bars, restaurants and landmarks. ", "Sip on delicious local beers, and delight in a refreshing workout — all at the same time!", "\n\nAnd for those folks who have a hankering for sharpening their current culinary skills or wish to learn some new ways to be creative in the kitchen — a private cooking class is the perfect item on the 'things to do in Minneapolis' menu!", "\n\nOr, on the flip side, why not sit back, relax, and let a pro handle all the hot happenings in the kitchen? ", "Cloud 9 Living has the personal chef dinner party connections to arrange for an evening of customized wining, dining and socializing in the comfort of a private residence — with all prep, food, and clean-up included.", "\n\nTry something new with 'life and culture' things to do in Minneapolis!", "\n\nExpand your horizons (and your palate) with a variety of wining and dining opportunities throughout the area. ", "Indulge in fascinating food tours, private chef parties, and even cooking classes!", "\n\nWant to hone some creative skills? ", "Let you inner artist run wild with a lesson in pottery — double the fun and make it a date night!", "\n\nUp the ante and the adrenaline on an urban excursion with fun-filled things to do in Minneapolis like running-and-beer outings. ", "Or take on the thrilling challenge of a city-wide scavenger hunt in search of clues that will unlock the secret to DaVinci's Gold — gizmos, gadgets, ciphers, anagrams, and much more all included!", "\n\nWith clever ways to explore the city, indulge in diversity, and check out renowned Minneapolis attractions, it's no wonder folks fondly call it \"The Mini-Apple.\"", "\n\nPut the pedal to the metal with the fastest Minneapolis experience gifts!", "\n\nCloud 9 Living offers incredible ways to delight in one of the most notorious Minneapolis attractions — the Brainerd International Raceway.", "\n\nWant to learn how to get behind the wheel of a fast 'n' flashy set of wheels and really drive a car the way it was made to be driven? ", "Treat yourself or someone with a need for speed to a High Performance Driving experience.", "\n\nForget about traffic lights and speed limits! ", "Enjoy the extreme freedom of the open road while professional drivers provide expert instruction on safety, racing techniques, driving lines, track features, accelerating, turns, braking and more. ", "The session starts with an in-depth classroom orientation, then it's time to hop into the driver's seat of a real hot rod, and experience one of the most exhilarating things to do in Minneapolis!", "\n\nIs an inner race car driver just gunnin' to come out? ", "The Spec Car Racing School is one of the best Minneapolis activities for friends and family who may rock a lead foot on the regular! ", "Arrive at the Brainerd International Raceway and get ready for the ultimate drive!", "\n\nLearn the ins and outs of the track and racing techniques during an instructional session. ", "Then suit up in racing gear, take a demo lap in a crew vehicle, and get ready to rev your very own engine! ", "Hit speeds up to 135 MPH in an SCCA Ford Spec Racer vehicle, and make Minneapolis memories that will last a lifetime!", "\n\nAnd for those folks who may prefer two wheels instead of four — there's no better way to play on the Minnesota roads and take in Minneapolis attractions than on a Harley Davidson rental!", "\n\nOur Promise to You: Hassle-Free Gifting\n\nAt Cloud 9 Living, we believe in delivering amazing experiences—and your gifting experience should be no different. ", "That’s why we ensure worry-free gifting for both the giver and recipient with these extra benefits and guarantees:\n\nEasy Returns & Exchanges + No Expiration Date\n\nTo make your holiday shopping a bit less stressful, any experience or gift certificate purchased between November 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018 can be returned through January 31, 2019 free of charge, no questions asked.", "\n\nEven after the return window closes, you can exchange your voucher for anything else in our marketplace at any time. ", "If you choose an experience that costs more, you'll simply have to pay the difference. ", "If you choose an experience that costs less, you'll have a credit towards your next booking with Cloud 9 Living. ", "And our vouchers never expire!", "\n\nOur Price Guarantee\n\nNot only do we curate the best experiences for you, we also guarantee that you'll pay the same price through Cloud 9 Living as you would buying directly from our experience providers. ", "Plus, you get the benefit of our flexible policies, convenient shopping experience, and exceptional customer support with no added costs.", "\n\nIf you find the same experience with the same provider advertised at a lower standard price (does not include vendor promotions or sales), simply contact us at (866) 525-6839 or email us at info@cloud9living.com and we’ll match the advertised price.", "\n\nInstant E-Voucher\n\nWith instant e-voucher delivery, we make it easy to find and give the perfect gift fast—even if you’re shopping at the last-minute. ", "You’ll be able to send an amazing experience to your loved one immediately for instant gratification for you and your recipient.", "\n\nOur Price Guarantee\n\nNot only do we curate the best experiences for you, we also guarantee that you'll pay the same price through Cloud 9 Living as you would buying directly from our experience providers. ", "Plus, you get the benefit of our flexible policies, convenient shopping experience, and exceptional customer support with no added costs.", "\n\nIf you find the same experience with the same provider advertised at a lower standard price (does not include vendor promotions or sales), simply contact us at (866) 525-6839 or email us at info@cloud9living.com and we’ll match the advertised price." ]

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[ "Friday, February 14, 2014\n\nHow France lives off Africa with the Colonial Pact\n\nWe try to keep a positive vibe going here at This Is Africa, but every so often you come across something that just paints your mood black. ", "Some of you may already be aware of this, but if like us you're hearing about this for the first time your jaw will drop. ", "And it'll probably raise the same BIG questions in your mind that it did in ours. (", "Incidentally, once you read this you'll no longer wonder why French presidents' and ministers are sometimes greeted by protests when they visit former French colonies in Africa, even if the protests are about other issues. ", "Though what other issues could be more important than this one we have no idea.)", "\n\nJust before France conceded to African demands for independence in the 1960s, it carefully organised its former colonies (CFA countries) in a system of \"compulsory solidarity\" which consisted of obliging the 14 African states to put 65% of their foreign currency reserves into the French Treasury, plus another 20% for financial liabilities. ", "This means these 14 African countries only ever have access to 15% of their own money! ", "If they need more they have to borrow their own money from the French at commercial rates! ", "And this has been the case since the 1960s.", "Professor Nicolas Agbohou, Associate Professor at the Institute of Cheikh Anta Diop, University of Gabon\n\nBelieve it or not it gets worse.", "\nFrance has the first right to buy or reject any natural resources found in the land of the Francophone countries. ", "So even if the African countries can get better prices elsewhere, they can't sell to anybody until France says it doesn't need the resources.", "\n\nIn the award of government contracts, French companies must be considered first; only after that can these countries look elsewhere. ", "It doesn’t matter if the CFA countries can obtain better value for money elsewhere.", "\n\nPresidents of CFA countries that have tried to leave the CFA zone have had political and financial pressure put on them by successive French presidents.", "\n\nCFA Zone\n\nThus, these African states are French taxpayers - taxed at a staggering rate - yet the citizens of these countries aren't French and don't have access to the public goods and services their money helps pay for.", "\n\nCFA zones are solicited to provide private funding to French politicians during elections in France.", "\nThe above is a summary of an article we came across in the February issue of the New African (and from an interview given by Professor Mamadou Koulibaly, Speaker of the Ivorian National Assembly, Professor of Economics, and author of the book The Servitude of the Colonial Pact), and we hope they won't mind us sharing it with you influx, so here goes:\n\nTHE COLONIAL PACT\nIt is the Colonial Pact that set up the common currency for the Francophone countries, the CFA Franc, which demands that each of the 14 C.F.A member countries must deposit 65% (plus another 20% for financial liabilities, making the dizzying total of 85%) of their foreign exchange reserves in an “Operations Account” at the French Treasury in Paris.", "\n\nThe African nations therefore have only access to 15% of their own money for national development in any given year. ", "If they are in need of extra money, as they always are, they have to borrow from their own 65% in the French Treasury at commercial rates. ", "And that is not all: there is a cap on the credit extended to each member country equivalent to 20% of their public revenue in the preceding year. ", "So if the countries need to borrow more than 20%, too bad; they cannot do it. ", "Amazingly, the final say on the C.F.A arrangements belongs to the French Treasury, which invests the African countries’ money in its own name on the Paris Bourse (the stock exchange).", "\n\nIt is also the Colonial Pact that demands that France has the first right to buy or reject any natural resources found in the land of the Francophone countries. ", "So even if the African countries could get better prices elsewhere, they cannot sell to anybody until France says it does not want to buy those natural resources.", "\n\nIt is, again, the Colonial Pact that demands that in the award of government contracts in the African countries, French companies should be considered first; only after that can Africans look elsewhere. ", "It doesn’t matter if Africans can obtain better value for money elsewhere, French companies come first, and most often get the contracts. ", "Currently, there is the awkward case in Abidjan where, before the elections, former president Gbagbo’s government wanted to build a third major bridge to link the central business district (called Plateau) to the rest of the city, from which it is separated by a lagoon. ", "By Colonial Pact tradition, the contract must go to a French company, which incidentally has quoted an astronomical price – to be paid in euros or US dollars.", "\n\nNot happy, Gbagbo’s government sought a second quote from the Chinese, who offered to build the bridge at half the price quoted by the French company, and – wait for this – payment would be in cocoa beans, of which Cote d’Ivoire is the world’s largest producer. ", "But, unsurprisingly, the French said “non, you can’t do that”.", "\n\nOverall the Colonial Pact gives the French a dominant and privileged position over Francophone Africa, but in Côte d'Ivoire, the jewel of the former French possessions in Africa, the French are overly dominant. ", "Outside parliament, almost all the major utilities - water, electricity, telephone, transport, ports and major banks - are run by French companies or French interests. ", "The same story is found in commerce, construction, and agriculture.", "\n\nIn short, the Colonial Pact has created a legal mechanism under which France obtains a special place in the political and economic life of its former colonies.", "\n\nTHE BIG QUESTIONS\nIn what meaningful way can any of the 14 CFA countries be said to be independent?", "\n\nIf this isn't illegal and an international crime, then what is?", "\n\nWhat is it going to take for this state of indentured servitude to end?", "\n\nHow much have the CFA countries lost as a result of this 50-year (and counting) \"agreement\"? (", "Remember, they've had to borrow their own money from the French at commercial rates)\n\nDo French people know they're living off the wealth of African countries and have been doing so for over half a century? ", "And if they know, do they give a damn?", "\n\nWhen will France start paying back money they've sucked from these countries, not only directly from the interest on cash reserves and loans these countries have had to take out, but also on lost earnings from the natural resources the countries sold to France below market rates as well as the lost earnings resulting from awarding contracts to French companies when other contractors could have done things for less?", "\nDoes any such \"agreement\" exist between Britain and its former colonies, or did they really let go when they let go?", "\nhttp://www.thisisafrica.me/opinion/detail/1603/how-france-lives-off-africa-with-the-colonial-pact#.Uv1Nq3-WB9F.facebook" ]

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[ "Dave:\nHere are some more questions that we need your assistance with.", "\nBen" ]

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[ "000\nABUS99 KMRX 131847 RRA\nSYNMRX\nRegional Synopsis\nNational Weather Service Morristown TN\n200 PM EST Wed Dec 13 2017\n.SYNOPSIS...Winds will be gusty through the night...with a slight\nchance for snow flurries in areas in SW VA and NE TN. ", "High pressure\nwill set up through Saturday...with clearing skies and a gradual\nwarming trend expected each day. ", "The next chance for rain moves in\nSunday morning.", "\n$$" ]

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[ "967 F.2d 593\nNOTICE: Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3 provides that dispositions other than opinions or orders designated for publication are not precedential and should not be cited except when relevant under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, or collateral estoppel.", "UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,v.Fernando GARIBAY-BRAVO, Defendant-Appellant.", "\nNo. ", "90-50116.", "\nUnited States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.", "\nSubmitted July 8, 1992.*Decided July 10, 1992.", "\n\nBefore POOLE, BEEZER and KOZINSKI, Circuit Judges.", "\n\n\n1\nMEMORANDUM**\n\n\n2\nFernando Garibay-Bravo appeals from his conviction, following a bench trial, for prison escape in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 751. ", " Garibay-Bravo contends that the district court erred by denying his motion to dismiss the indictment because the delay between his arrest and the filing of the indictment, and the delay between the indictment and his initial trial date, taken together, violated his right to a speedy trial under the Sixth Amendment. ", " We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.", "\n\nBackground\n\n3\nOn November 4, 1971, Garibay-Bravo began serving a three year term of imprisonment for controlled substance violations. ", " On September 23, 1972, he escaped from the Federal Prison Camp in Lompoc, California. ", " On October 8, 1987, Deputy United States Marshals and local authorities, acting on the tip of a confidential informant, arrested Garibay-Bravo in Ontario, California, for escape and state drug trafficking charges. ", " Authorities sent Garibay-Bravo to the Federal Correctional Institution on Terminal Island to complete his original sentence. ", " On March 23, 1988, the United States Marshal lodged a federal detainer against Garibay-Bravo, in anticipation of a prison escape charge. ", " Subsequently, Garibay-Bravo was transferred to the San Bernardino County Jail and arraigned on the state drug trafficking charges. ", " On April 21, 1988, Garibay-Bravo, through his state-appointed counsel, wrote a letter to the United States Attorney, the District Court, and the Federal Public Defender, requesting that a federal public defender be appointed and that he be taken before a federal magistrate on the escape charge. ", " On May 27, 1988, Garibay-Bravo was indicted on the federal prison escape charges. ", " He was tried and convicted on January 16, 1990.1\n\nI. Pre-Indictment Delay\n\n4\nGaribay-Bravo contends that an eight month delay between his arrest and the filing of the indictment violated his right to a speedy trial under the Sixth Amendment. ", " This contention lacks merit.", "\n\n\n5\n\"We review for abuse of discretion the [district] court's denial of the motion to dismiss [an indictment]\" for pre-indictment delay. ", " United States v. Sherlock, Nos. ", "87-1299, 87-1300, slip op. ", "4569, 4666 (9th Cir. ", " April 27, 1992).", "\n\n\n6\nGenerally, the Sixth Amendment's speedy trial clause does not apply to pre-indictment delay. ", " Arnold v. McCarthy, 566 F.2d 1377, 1381-82 (9th Cir.1978); United States v. Romero, 585 F.2d 391, 398 (9th Cir.1978), cert. ", "denied, 440 U.S. 935 (1979). ", " Relief for excessive pre-indictment delay is afforded by the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment. ", " United States v. Simmons, 536 F.2d 827, 830 n. 9 (9th Cir.), ", "cert. ", "denied, 429 U.S. 854 (1976).2 \"But once a person becomes 'accused' the more stringent requirements of the Sixth Amendment speedy trial right apply. ", " One becomes 'accused' when there is 'either a formal indictment or information or else the actual restraints imposed by arrest and holding to answer a criminal charge....' \" Romero, 585 F.2d at 398 (alteration in original) (quoting United States v. Marion, 404 U.S. 307, 320 (1971)).", "\n\n\n7\nHere, although Garibay-Bravo was arrested in October, 1987, he was not \"accused\" for purposes of the speedy trial clause under the Sixth Amendment until he was indicted for the escape charges in May, 1988. ", " See Romero, 585 F.2d at 398-99; Arnold, 566 F.2d at 1382. ", " Even though he was in custody on the prior federal offense and a state drug trafficking charges during much of this time, \"the period prior to arrest or formal indictment is expressly not protected by the speedy trial provisions.\" ", " See Arnold, 566 F.2d at 1382. ", " A federal prosecution did not begin until Garibay-Bravo was indicted on the escape charge. ", " See Romero, 585 F.2d at 398-99. ", " Therefore, we hold that Garibay-Bravo's constitutional right to a speedy trial was not violated during the pre-indictment delay. ", " See id. at 399; Arnold, 566 F.2d at 1382.3\n\nII. ", "Post-Indictment Delay\n\n8\nGaribay-Bravo also contends that a 14-month delay between his indictment and his initial trial date violated his right to a speedy trial under the Sixth Amendment. ", " This contention lacks merit.", "\n\n\n9\nWe review for abuse of discretion the district court's denial of a motion to dismiss the indictment for post-indictment delay. ", " United States v. Shell, 961 F.2d 138, 143 (9th Cir.1992).", "\n\n\n10\nIn reviewing a speedy trial clause violation, we consider four factors: (1) the length of the pretrial delay; (2) the reason for the delay; (3) whether the defendant asserted his speedy trial right; and (4) prejudice to the defendant. ", " Shell, 961 F.2d at 143 (citing Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 530 (1972)). ", " \"None of these factors are either a necessary or sufficient condition to a finding of a deprivation of the right to a speedy trial.\" ", " United States v. Williams, 782 F.2d 1462, 1465 (9th Cir.1985).", "\n\nA. Length of Delay\n\n11\n\"The length of delay is a 'threshold' factor. ", " If 'presumptively prejudicial,' the length of delay necessitates an examination of the other three factors. ", " The delay is measured from the time of the indictment to the time of trial.\" ", " Shell, 961 F.2d at 143 (citation omitted); see also United States v. Sears, Roebuck and Co., Inc., 877 F.2d 734, 739 (9th Cir.1989).", "\n\n\n12\nHere, Garibay-Bravo was indicted in May, 1988, and scheduled for trial on July 18, 1989. ", " Following the district court's grant of two continuance motions, trial was not held until January 16, 1990. ", " The delay was sufficiently long to raise the presumption of prejudice. ", " See United States v. Valentine, 783 F.2d 1413, 1417 (9th Cir.1986) (six month delay); Simmons, 536 F.2d at 831 (same).", "\n\nB. Reasons for Delay\n\n13\n\"The reason for the delay is the focal inquiry.\" ", " Sears, 877 F.2d at 739. ", " The less at fault the government was for the delay, the more likely the delay was justified. ", " Barker, 407 U.S. at 531.", "\n\n\n14\nOn July 20, 1988, approximately two months after Garibay-Bravo was indicted in the instant offense, he went to trial on the state drug trafficking charge. ", " He was convicted, and received a seven year sentence on November 3, 1988. ", " On February 1, 1989, a federal detainer was lodged against Garibay-Bravo for the escape charge. ", " An arraignment was scheduled for May 15, 1989, but it was continued upon an oral motion by the government, as Garibay-Bravo was not present. ", " On May 22, 1989, Garibay-Bravo was arraigned and a trial was scheduled for July 18, 1989. ", " The district court twice continued the trial date, at Garibay-Bravo's request, in order to allow him to seek new counsel and locate evidence for his defense. ", " The trial was held on January 16, 1990 and Garibay-Bravo was convicted of prison escape.", "\n\n\n15\nThis course of events demonstrates that the government was at fault for only a portion of the pretrial delay. ", " First, there was a six-month gap between the indictment and Garibay-Bravo's trial on the state drug trafficking charges. ", " Second, there was a six-month gap following Garibay-Bravo's state conviction, and his arraignment on the escape charge, which was postponed due to his absence. ", " Finally, there was a two-month delay between the arraignment and the first scheduled trial date. ", " Garibay-Bravo's request for continuances contributed to the remaining pretrial delay.", "\n\n\n16\nBecause Garibay-Bravo was engaged in defending the unrelated state charge for the first six months of this period, a trial on the federal escape charge would have been impossible. ", " See Arnold, 566 F.2d at 1383. ", " Eight months after the state conviction, Garibay-Bravo received his first trial date on the escape charge. ", " Absent a showing of oppressive or purposeful delay, the delay of eight months between the indictment and original trial date did not violate his right to a speedy trial under the Sixth Amendment. ", " See id. (seven-month month delay); United States v. Penland, 429 F.2d 9, 10 (9th Cir.1970) (17 month delay).", "\n\nC. Assertion of Right to Speedy Trial\n\n17\nGaribay-Bravo asserted his right to a speedy trial by checking the appropriate box on the February 1, 1989, federal detainer lodged against him. ", " Cf. ", "Sears, 877 F.2d at 740.", "\n\nD. Prejudice\n\n18\nGaribay-Bravo contends for the first time on appeal that the unresolved charge caused him to suffer anxiety and depression, which interfered with his rehabilitative process. ", " We decline to address this argument.", "\n\n\n19\n\" 'As a general rule, an issue not presented to the trial court cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.' \" ", " United States v. Childs, 944 F.2d 491, 495 (9th Cir.1991) (quoting United States v. Whitten, 706 F.2d 1000, 1012 (9th Cir.1983), cert. ", "denied, 465 U.S. 1100 (1984)). ", " As Garibay-Bravo did not argue anxiety and distress as a ground to support his prejudice claim in the district court, we do not consider it now. ", " See id. Garibay-Bravo has not offered any other evidence showing prejudice which could justify dismissal on Sixth Amendment grounds. ", " See Sears, 877 F.2d at 740-41.4\n\n\n20\nTherefore, we hold that Garibay-Bravo's constitutional right to a speedy trial was not violated by post-indictment delay. ", " See Shell, 961 F.2d at 145; Sears, 877 F.2d at 741.", "\n\n\n21\nAFFIRMED.", "\n\n\n\n*\n The panel unanimously finds this case suitable for decision without oral argument. ", " Fed.", "R.App.", "P. 34(a); 9th Cir.", "R. 34-4\n\n\n**\n This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by 9th Cir.", "R. 36-3\n\n\n1\n Garibay-Bravo argues that we should consider the delay between his arrest and the filing of the indictment and the delay between his indictment and the initial trial date as one continuous delay for our Sixth Amendment analysis. ", " We disagree. ", " Garibay-Bravo is making two distinct claims, pre-indictment delay (Fifth Amendment due process analysis), and post-indictment delay (Sixth Amendment speedy trial analysis). ", " See Arnold v. McCarthy, 566 F.2d 1377, 1382 (9th Cir.1978) (rejecting similar argument)\n\n\n2\n The due process clause of the Fifth Amendment requires a defendant to show that the pre-indictment delay caused actual non-speculative prejudice and that the delay was an intentional tactic by the prosecutor which violated \" 'fundamental conceptions of justice which lie at the base of our civil and political institutions.' \" ", " Sherlock, Nos. ", "87-1299, 87-1300, slip op. ", "at 4665 (quoting United States v. Lovasco, 431 U.S. 783, 789 (1977))\n\n\n3\n Because Garibay-Bravo does not allege a due process violation, \"[d]eliberate government misconduct is not an issue in this case.\" ", " See Simmons, 536 F.2d at 830 n. 9; cf. ", "Sherlock, Nos. ", "87-1299, 87-1300, slip op. ", "at 4665\n\n\n4\n In district court, Garibay-Bravo argued that he was losing good time credit on his state sentence because he was in federal custody as a claim of prejudice (RT 8/28/89 at 6-7). ", " Nonetheless, he does not raise this argument on appeal and we do not consider it now\n\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "Detection of rabies virus RNA in the central nervous system of experimentally infected mice using in situ hybridization with RNA probes.", "\nRabies virus is usually demonstrated in human or animal tissues using antigen-detection or viral isolation techniques. ", "Rabies virus RNA can be demonstrated in paraffin-embedded tissues using in situ hybridization. ", "Negative (-) sense 35S- and 3H-labeled RNA probes, specific for rabies virus nucleocapsid protein mRNA, were used for the detection of rabies virus RNA in the nervous system of mice experimentally infected with fixed and street strains of rabies virus. ", "In situ hybridization signals were compared with rabies virus antigen demonstrated with immunoperoxidase staining. ", "Rabies virus RNA and antigen were also demonstrated in the same neurons using a double-labeling technique. ", "In situ hybridization has potential applications as a diagnostic test for rabies and in studies of rabies pathogenesis." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "[Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity studies of T-3761].", "\nWe investigated cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of T-3761. ", "The mutagenicity was evaluated using reverse mutation test with bacteria, chromosome aberration test with cultured cells and micronucleus test with mice. ", "The following results were obtained. ", "1. ", "Cytotoxicity test: The cell growth was examined using Chinese hamster (V79) cells. ", "The 50% inhibition doses of T-3761 for cell growth (ID50) were 490 micrograms/ml (cultured for 24 hours) and 220 micrograms/ml (cultured for 48 hours). ", "The inhibitory effect of T-3761 was 2-4 times lower than those of ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin and approximately equal to cephalothin. ", "2. ", "Reverse mutation test with bacteria: The preincubation method with Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA98, TA1535, TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA, and the induced mutation frequency (IMF) test with Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA98 were performed. ", "The number of revertant colonies were not increased in any strains treated with T-3761 in the presence or absence of S9 mix. ", "3. ", "Chromosome aberration test: V79 cells were treated with 50-200 micrograms/ml of T-3761 for 24 or 48 hours, and were treated with 400-3,200 micrograms/ml of T-3761 for 6 hours with S9 mix. ", "The number of cells showing chromosomal aberrations were not increased in any conditions tested for T-3761. ", "4. ", "Micronucleus test: The male ICR mice were given a single (500-5,000 mg/kg) or five consecutive (150-1,500 mg/kg) oral administration of T-3761. ", "The number of polychromatic erythrocytes with micronuclei were not increased at any dosage groups of T-3761. ", "From these results, it is concluded that T-3761 has low cytotoxicity, and has no mutagenicity." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Farfetch\n\nFarfetch is an online luxury fashion retail platform that sells products from over 700 boutiques and brands from around the world. ", "The company was founded in 2007 by the Portuguese entrepreneur José Neves with its headquarters in London and main branches in Porto, Guimarães, Braga, Lisbon, New York, Los Angeles, Tokyo, Shanghai, Hong Kong, São Paulo and Dubai.", "\n\nThe e-commerce company operates local-language websites and mobile apps for international markets in English, Spanish, French, Japanese, Chinese, Arabic, German, Portuguese, Korean, Italian and Russian. ", "Farfetch has offices in 11 cities and employs over 3,000 staff.", "\n\nHistory\nFarfetch was founded in 2007 by José Neves, a Portuguese entrepreneur who has been involved in the world of fashion start-ups since the 1990s, when he launched the shoe design business SWEAR. ", "In 2001 he created B Store, a fashion licensing and wholesale company selling a range of up-and-coming designer labels in a physical store. ", "During a trip to Paris Fashion Week in 2007, when Neves was wholesaling for his B Store brand, the idea for a virtual boutique marketplace came to fruition. ", "A 2013 interview in The Daily Telegraph details the moment when Neves realised the need to give independent fashion boutiques an online retail presence: \"Dozens of boutique owners had been through our doors and what they were saying was really sobering. ", "Business was bad, they couldn't rely on local custom any more but they didn't have the experience to do e-tailing either. ", "They had amazing taste levels but they were having to play it increasingly safe.\"", "\n\nIt was this reason that Neves decided to set up the Farfetch website, to enable small, independent boutiques to compete in the marketplace while retaining their 'bricks and mortar' stores and their own visual identity. ", "A 2013 article in The Economist summarises this: \"Farfetch emphasises its 'bricks and mortar roots,\" allowing independent retailers to \"keep their identity, while boosting their position in the market.\"", "\n\nInitially, the business secured $4.5 million in growth equity from Advance Venture Partners in July 2010 to help it expand into Brazilian, North American and European markets.", "\n\nIn March 2015, Farfetch gained a further US$86 million from an investment group led by DST. ", " Former investors also contributed to this Series E funding round, which took the total investment pot to over US$195 million. ", "Investors included Advent Ventures Partners, Condé Nast International, Index Ventures, Novel TMT, e.ventures and Vitruvian Partners.", "\n\nCollectively, these additional investments resulted in the company being valued at US$1billion in March 2015. ", " This led to the company being branded as a 'unicorn' company by media commentators, a term used to denote start-ups valued at $1billion+.", "\n\nFarfetch announced the acquisition of London boutique retailer Browns in May 2015. ", " This boutique is run independently from Farfetch by a newly-appointed CEO Holli Rogers who joined the business in July 2015. ", "Rogers was the former fashion director of online retailer Net-A-Porter.", "\n\nFarfetch developed the proprietary business units Farfetch Black & White and Store of the Future in 2015.", "\n\nIn May 2016 Farfetch secured a Series F round of investment of US $110 million, led by new investors Temasek, IDG Capital Partners and Eurazeo with existing investor Vitruvian Partners participating. ", "\n\nIn August of that year, Farfetch served its millionth online customer.", "\n\nIn June 2017, it was announced that JD.com Inc. had bought a stake in Farfetch for $397 million, the Chinese e-commerce company’s largest overseas investment.", "\n\nIn September 2018, the company went public.", "\n\nManagement\nFarfetch is led by José Neves, the founder of the business..\n\nIPO \nIn September 2018, Farfetch (FTCH.N) listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), pricing shares above the estimated targeted range leading to a valuation of over $5.8 billion. ", "The IPO raised $885 million for the company after the issue of 33.6 million new shares. ", "Early investors in Farfetch including Vitrurian Partners and Advent Venture Partners, sold up to 10.6 million shares. ", "It was reported that Neves will net $1.2 billion from the IPO.", "\n\nOn 24 September, animal rights activist organization PETA announced that they had purchased shares allowing them to attend annual shareholder meetings and try to stop the company selling fur products.", "\n\nCurrent operations\nFarfetch achieves approximately 10 million site visits per month and ships to customers in almost 190 countries. ", "As of September 2014, \"annual sales of merchandise through the Farfetch site…surpassed £167 million.\" ", "The business continues to grow, and in 2013, it retailed products from over 1500 global fashion brands, attracting 4.3 million weekly visitors to the site. ", "The average spend of the Farfetch customer was stated as $680 per order in a New York Times article from March 2013.", "\n\nFarfetch makes the majority of its revenue from luxury brands such as Valentino, Saint Laurent, Givenchy, Bottega Veneta, Benedetta Dubini, Burberry and Comme des Garcons, but emerging and lesser known labels are said to be key to the Farfetch business.", "\n\nFollowing the Conde Nast investments in 2013, Farfetch launched a programme of further expansion to raise brand awareness and market share in new territories, including the US, Germany, Eastern Europe, Scandinavia and Japan.", "\n\nIn December 2018, Farfetch acquired online sneaker platform, Stadium Goods, for $250 million. ", "In February 2019, Farfetch agreed to merge its Chinese business with JD.com. ", "\n\nIn August 2019, Farfetch acquired New Guards Group, the parent organisation of Off-White designer label for US$675million. ", "Immediately following the purchase, Farfetch shares plunged by over 40 percent.", "\n\nAwards and accolades\nFarfetch and its representatives have received a number of industry and e-commerce awards:\n Winner: Best New E-tailer Awards – The Drapers E-tail Awards\n Winner: Best Fashion Start-up – The European Tech Start-up Awards\n Winner: Rising Star Advertiser – Golden Link Awards from Rakuten Affiliate Marketing\n Winner: Digital Direction Award – The Luxury Briefing Awards\n Winner: CEO of the Year (José Neves) – Digital Masters Awards \n Winner: Excellence in General Management (Andrew Robb) – Digital Masters Awards\n Winner: Best E-Store – WGSN Global Fashion Awards \n Winner: Best Organic Search Campaign – Performance Marketing Awards\n Winner: Grand Prix Award – Performance Marketing Awards\n Winner: Best Use of Tech in the Digital Economy Award – UK Tech Awards 2017\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:2007 establishments in the United Kingdom\nCategory:Online retailers of the United Kingdom\nCategory:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange\nCategory:2018 initial public offerings" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "*3 + 3*m - 28*m + 9*m + 33*m**4 + 14*m to the form n + q*m + a*m**4 + w*m**3 + x*m**2 and give a.\n33\nRearrange (28*g - 5*g - 12*g)*(-g**3 - 4*g**3 - 3*g**3 - 18) to c*g**2 + m + j*g**4 + h*g**3 + w*g and give m.\n0\nRearrange (0 - 6 - 4)*(3*f**3 - 3*f**3 + 4*f**3) + (-4*f**2 - 2*f**2 + 0*f**2)*(-f + 3*f - f) to the form q*f**3 + p + v*f**2 + s*f and give q.\n-46\nExpress 1755 + 1275 - 1017 + 560 - t in the form y + n*t and give n.\n-1\nExpress (3*n + 0*n + 0*n)*(n - 2*n - n) + 0*n + 2*n**2 + 0*n + (3 - 5 + 0)*(9*n - 538*n + 248*n)*(5 - 5 + n) as g*n**2 + k*n + d and give k.\n0\nRearrange (-6177*m + 58936*m + 15911*m + 27008*m + 8004*m)*(1 + 0 - 3) to q + a*m and give a.\n-207364\nExpress (10*m + 10*m - 4*m)*(-117 - 215 + 598) in the form u + d*m and give u.\n0\nRearrange -1087*z**2 - 7*z + 2 + 133*z - 129*z - 2 to p*z**2 + k*z + w and give p.\n-1087\nRearrange 129 - 66 - 43*o - 62 - 59*o**2 to the form r*o + h + n*o**2 and give n.\n-59\nExpress -341*g + 337*g - 524*g**2 + 549*g**2 - 2 - 4*g**3 - 2*g**3 + g**4 in the form x*g + q + y*g**2 + z*g**3 + s*g**4 and give x.\n-4\nRearrange -7*x + 286 - 5887*x**2 + 5889*x**2 + x**4 + 144*x**3 - 284 to m*x**4 + d*x + v*x**2 + c + b*x**3 and give m.\n1\nExpress (926*n**2 + 684*n**2 - 1354*n**2)*(-32*n**2 - 31*n**2 - n**2) as i + h*n**4 + p*n + a*n**3 + w*n**2 and give h.\n-16384\nRearrange 103*i**4 + 3 + 3669*i**2 - 3667*i**2 - 37*i**4 to the form g*i**2 + f*i**3 + h*i + v + p*i**4 and give f.\n0\nRearrange 180587*s + 178707*s - 321937*s to c*s + d and give c.\n37357\nExpress (43*q**3 + 126*q**3 - 50*q**3)*(30*q - 22*q - 68*q) in the form r + w*q + x*q**3 + f*q**4 + a*q**2 and give x.\n0\nRearrange -4893 + 2452 + 0*c**2 + 2443 - 349*c + 98*c - 2*c**3 + 5*c**2 to u*c + a + p*c**2 + j*c**3 and give u.\n-251\nRearrange -73*j**2 + 452 - 228 - 97*j**2 - 227 to n*j + m + i*j**2 and give m.\n-3\nExpress 375*b**2 + 482*b**2 - 5*b + 2254*b**2 + 5*b as z + f*b**2 + p*b and give f.\n3111\nExpress 5 + c - 5 + (6 - 1 - 3)*(-2*c - 5*c + 5*c) - 4*c - 4*c + 6*c + 1 + 4879*c - 4521*c + 2 as t*c + y and give y.\n3\nRearrange -1 + 44547*k - 44550*k - 74*k**4 + 71*k**3 + 3*k**2 - 73*k**3 to q*k**2 + c + r*k**4 + o*k + n*k**3 and give r.\n-74\nRearrange 87 - 38*g + 2*g**2 - 51*g + 0*g**2 - 86 to the form s*g + d*g**2 + r and give d.\n2\nExpress -2 - 59*k**2 + 203*k**3 - 458*k**2 - 200*k**3 in the form j*k**2 + s*k + m*k**3 + h and give j.\n-517\nExpress (-1596*s + 1596*s - 17 + s**2)*(63 - 63 + 63*s)*(-s - 3*s + 0*s) as c*s**3 + d*s + z*s**2 + l*s**4 + o and give l.\n-252\nRearrange 207*l**2 + 167 - 106 - 82 + l to f*l + u + i*l**2 and give u.\n-21\nRearrange -1 + 2*f**4 + 1 + (8666879*f**2 + 9849*f**4 - 8666879*f**2)*(3 + 4 - 1 + 0) to the form s*f**2 + n*f**3 + v*f + a + o*f**4 and give o.\n59096\nRearrange (-5 + 5 - 3*i**2)*(16 + 2 - 15)*(17*i - 2*i - 3 - 8*i + 0) to the form d*i**2 + z*i**3 + u*i + t and give z.\n-63\nRearrange -13679 + 13677 + 4*l**2 + 17*l**4 - l - 78*l**4 - 2*l**3 to g + y*l**4 + x*l**3 + r*l**2 + u*l and give g.\n-2\nRearrange -13565*x + 10389*x + 6657*x to h*x + r and give h.\n3481\nExpress (4*v - 2*v - 3*v)*(3*v - 4*v + 0*v) + (99*v - 613 + 613)*(0*v + 8*v + 14*v) as t*v + i + k*v**2 and give t.\n0\nRearrange (-2*c - 236 - 425 - 533)*(1 + 2*c - 1) to z*c + q + m*c**2 and give z.\n-2388\nRearrange (4*h - 4*h + h)*(-184*h + 1130*h + 1246*h) - 5*h**2 + 1 - 1 to t*h**2 + q*h + m and give t.\n2187\nRearrange 0*k**2 + 0*k**2 + 3*k**2 + (0*k + 0*k - k**2)*(1 + 0 - 3) + (-236*k + 1849 - 1849)*(-3*k + 3*k - 2*k) to the form q*k + h*k**2 + x and give h.\n477\nExpress 3274 - 16*q - 1666 + 12*q - 1641 as y*q + k and give y.\n-4\nExpress -48 + 0*d - 4*d - 119 - 57 - 9 as w*d + c and give c.\n-233\nRearrange -1239*q - 33 + 414*q - 2*q**3 - 23 + 423*q + 412*q to the form s + d*q + n*q**2 + u*q**3 and give u.\n-2\nRearrange -8*x**2 + 2*x**2 - 6*x**2 + (-5*x + 5*x - x**2)*(0 + 3 - 2) + 7*x**2 - x**2 - 18*x**2 + 5*x**2 - 45 + 45 to the form i*x + j + t*x**2 and give t.\n-20\nRearrange (123 + 164 - 335)*(2 - w - 2)*(0 - 1 - 3) to j*w + q and give j.\n-192\nExpress -354*s - 368*s + 4232 + 724*s as l*s + n and give l.\n2\nRearrange (243 + 220 - 183*x**2 - 454)*(-3*x**2 - x**2 + 6*x**2) to the form m*x**4 + a*x**3 + c*x + k + y*x**2 and give m.\n-366\nExpress -53*s + 4738 - 4738 + 819*s in the form w + o*s and give o.\n766\nRearrange 3 + 14*o**2 + 2911*o - 4 + 1 - 2576*o to the form z*o**2 + b*o + t and give t.\n0\nRearrange -9*b**3 - 2*b**3 + 0*b + 15*b**2 + 11*b**3 + b + 1 + 2*b**3 to the form r*b + v*b**3 + m*b**2 + f and give m.\n15\nRearrange -9 + 4 - 31*q**4 + 4 + (-q - q + q)*(5*q**2 - 5*q**2 - 2*q**3) - 11*q**4 + q**4 + 73*q**4 to i*q + o + z*q**2 + b*q**3 + w*q**4 and give o.\n-1\nRearrange -4 + 13 - 2 - 7 - 6569*r to d*r + a and give d.\n-6569\nExpress (-5*y**2 + 3*y**2 + 0*y**2)*(-2 + 1 + 3) + y - y**2 - y + (4*y + 0*y - 2*y)*(-y + 3*y - y) - 50*y**2 - 16*y**2 - 30*y**2 as n + i*y**2 + s*y and give i.\n-99\nRearrange -694 + 33*b - 706 + 2076 - 704 to q + r*b and give r.\n33\nExpress 15*g**4 + 124*g**2 - 46*g**2 - g**3 + 9*g**4 - g**3 - 54*g**2 as q + x*g**3 + o*g + m*g**2 + t*g**4 and give m.\n24\nExpress -266*c - 275*c + 1975 + 540*c in the form b*c + i and give b.\n-1\nExpress -36 + 36 + 6*c**4 + (415*c**3 - 164*c**3 - 117*c**3)*(-2*c - 3*c + 4*c) as v*c**2 + g*c**4 + d*c**3 + y*c + p and give y.\n0\nRearrange -8*t**3 + 2*t**4 - t**4 + 1400 + 22*t**3 - 1401 - 6*t**2 + 4*t**2 to the form u*t**3 + y*t**4 + n*t + c + h*t**2 and give c.\n-1\nRearrange 35*s**2 - 8*s - 10*s - 3 + 2*s**3 + 30*s**2 + 17*s - s to b*s**2 + d*s**3 + y*s + f and give b.\n65\nRearrange -560*f**4 + 1 - 22892*f**3 + 1638*f**4 + 22890*f**3 - f**2 to the form i*f**2 + h*f + t + n*f**4 + y*f**3 and give i.\n-1\nExpress 59*i + 0*i**2 + 0*i**3 - 29*i - 1 - 2*i**2 - 27*i - 6*i**3 + 2*i**4 in the form o*i**2 + g + t*i**3 + v*i + c*i**4 and give v.\n3\nRearrange 131*l + 202*l - 149*l**4 + l**3 - 331*l - 9*l**2 to k*l**3 + z*l**2 + g*l + q + m*l**4 and give m.\n-149\nRearrange (1 + 1 + 4)*(-3 + 2*a**4 + 3) + (a**3 + a**3 - a**3)*(0 - 2*a + 0 + (3*a - a - a)*(3 - 4 - 32)) to m + l*a + x*a**4 + h*a**3 + u*a**2 and give x.\n-23\nRearrange (7 - 3 + 11)*(5 + 4*z - 5)*(-2 + 1 + 5)*(-14*z - 2*z**3 + 14*z) to the form i*z + p*z**3 + b + d*z**4 + j*z**2 and give p.\n0\nExpress (4 - 2*d - 4)*(0*d**3 + 3*d**3 + 4*d**3) + (2*d + 2*d - 3*d)*(75*d**2 - 42*d**3 - 75*d**2) as o + l*d**3 + n*d**2 + m*d**4 + v*d and give m.\n-56\nRearrange (9 - 2 + 0)*(-22 + 7 - 10)*(-4 + 4 - 2*n**3) to the form d + p*n**3 + a*n + y*n**2 and give p.\n350\nRearrange ((5 - 3 - 1)*(2*o - 3*o + 4*o) + 2*o + 46*o + 24*o)*(-3 + 5 + 3) to the form a + p*o and give p.\n375\nExpress (-119 + 4 + 11)*(0*f + 0*f + f + (2*f + 0*f + 0*f)*(2 - 6 + 3) + (5*f - f + 0*f)*(-2 - 2 + 6)) in the form j*f + r and give j.\n-728\nExpress -31*b - 119*b + 10*b - 3 as m*b + d and give m.\n-140\nExpress 33 + 244*t - 466*t + 232*t as f*t + v and give v.\n33\nRearrange -158*n**2 + 1 + 2*n**3 + 6635*n**4 + 58*n**2 - 13260*n**4 + 6626*n**4 to l*n**4 + y*n + x + i*n**2 + g*n**3 and give x.\n1\nRearrange (-8 + 10 + 2 - 3 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 - 2 + (-2 + 3 + 1)*(3 + 2 - 4))*(-24*r**3 - 99*r**3 + 3*r**3) to the form b*r**3 + u + c*r**2 + y*r and give b.\n-240\nRearrange 24314*t**3 - 21*t + 3 + 50*t**2 - 24321*t**3 - 50*t**2 to a*t + j + u*t**3 + x*t**2 and give u.\n-7\nRearrange (3*o - o - o)*(50584*o - 116228*o + 23638*o) to p*o**2 + s + i*o and give p.\n-42006\nExpress (1564 + 13498*x + 4069*x - 869 - 695)*(-2*x + 3*x + x)*(2 - 2 - 3) in the form a*x**2 + c*x + v and give a.\n-105402\nExpress -165 - 156 + 318 + 387*q + 177*q + q**2 as d + r*q + u*q**2 and give u.\n1\nExpress -179*n - 37*n**3 + 730*n**3 + 592*n**3 + 191*n as h*n**2 + x + o*n**3 + k*n and give o.\n1285\nExpress (-5*n + 3*n - n)*(-1364*n + 2726*n + 27 - 2*n**2 - 1366*n + (-n**2 - 3*n**2 + 3*n**2)*(1 - 2 - 2)) in the form l*n**2 + a + j*n + m*n**3 and give l.\n12\nRearrange -1142*v**2 - 1751*v**2 - 2 - 354*v**2 + 149*v**2 + 1 to the form o*v + c + n*v**2 and give c.\n-1\nRearrange (-2 - 3*f + 2)*(-f**3 + 2*f**3 - 2*f**3) + 1579*f + 833 - 4*f**4 - 1579*f to the form j*f**2 + v*f + g*f**4 + n*f**3 + k and give k.\n833\nRearrange (2 + 0 + 2)*(-355*o - 1147 + 1147) to the form d*o + k and give d.\n-1420\nExpress (-113*h**4 + 15*h**4 - 62*h**4)*(-4 + 1 + 0) + 22*h**4 + 2*h**2 + 0*h**2 - 33*h**4 as s" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Central Asia's presidents would have a lot to talk about at the NATO summit taking place in Chicago, given that the summit is focusing on Afghanistan and the Central Asian states play a key role in NATO transport to the theater. ", "But all five of Central Asia's presidents are a no-show at the NATO summit in Chicago, in spite of being on NATO's official list of \"leaders expected to attend\" and being regular attendees of the last few summits. ", "Instead, they all seem to have sent their foreign ministers.", "\n\nIt's a strange snub, and intriguing because these five countries never do anything in coordination. ", "Information on their decisions are of course hard to come by, and so it's not certain if they are in fact coordinated, but it sure seems that way.", "\n\nOne Kyrgyzstan analyst, Orozbek Moldaliyev, told KyrTag that it's because of Russia:" ]

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[ "Bus Griffiths\n\nGilbert Joseph \"Bus\" Griffiths (1913 – September 25, 2006) was a cartoonist, lumberjack, and fisherman. ", " He was best known for his graphic novel Now You're Logging, published 1978 by Harbour Publishing. ", " Now You're Logging presented, in cartoon form, a complete look at the techniques, tools, and personalities of logging on the West Coast in the 1930s.", "\n\nHe began drawing cartoons while working as a logger, doing work for Vancouver's Maple Leaf Publishing during World War II and comic strips about logging for BC Lumberman magazine. ", " He retired from logging in 1961 and began work as a commercial fisherman. ", " In 1972 he began work on Now You're Logging to document logging in the era before modern technology. ", " A complete picture is presented of the techniques and lives of the typical logger of the 1930s, with tree felling and log bucking, high climbers, chasers, choker setters, a hooktender, an accident and rescue in the woods, the use of the crosscut saw, rigging, a spar (tree), log transport on both truck and water, and operation of the steam donkey all shown and explained. ", " This depiction of logging is interwoven with a love story involving one of the loggers and the daughter of a fishing family near their logging camp.", "\n\nThe Comics Journal said about the book in 1996: \"a true anomaly: written and drawn by a man with decades of experience in the woods, it's a book with no clear antecedent, more intent on documenting a way of life than telling a story\", adding \"it might just change your perception of what comics are, what they can do, and why we need them.\" ", " \n\nHe also illustrated the children's book Patrick and the Backhoe by Howard White (Nightwood Editions) and Bush Poems by Peter Trower (Harbour Publishing).", "\n\nReferences\n\n Obituary from Sequential: Comics News and Culture From Canada\n An academic analysis of Now You're Logging from Labour/Le Travail, Canadian Committee on Labour History\n Excerpts from Now You're Logging from the B.C. Forest Discovery Centre website\n\nBibliography\n 1978: Now You're Logging (Harbour Publishing) \n 1978: Bush Poems (Harbour Publishing) \n 1991: Patrick and the Backhoe (Nightwood Editions) \n\nCategory:1913 births\nCategory:2006 deaths\nCategory:Canadian cartoonists\nCategory:People from Moose Jaw\nCategory:Artists from Saskatchewan" ]

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[ "\n\nCompanies That Try To Outsource Innovation Will Fail - eastsidegringo\nhttp://blogs.dovetailsoftware.com/blogs/main/archive/2007/09/24/can-you-buy-innovation.aspx\nBuyers in the outsourcing market, which Forrester estimates is topping out at $120 billion a year, were more disappointed in the innovation brought to the table by their provider than nearly anything else...When it comes to innovation, if you have an outsourcing relationship consisting of great communication and naturally occurring collaboration, would this beat a full house of internal departments that don't talk to each other?", "\n\n======\nrun4yourlives\nFirst,\n\n>She cites numbers showing two out of five principals are unhappy with the\ninnovation results delivered by outsourcing.", "\n\nWhich by default means that 3 out of 5 are content.", "\n\nSecond, What does outsourcing have to do with innovation? ", "By definition,\ninnovation is a cost centre. ", "If outsourced tasks are costing more, they aren't\ndoing their jobs.", "\n\nSeems to me like you can't have your cake and eat it too... are people being\nsold otherwise?", "\n\n" ]

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[ "<?", "php\n\nnamespace Tests\\Unit\\Content\\Exception;\n\nuse Biz\\BaseTestCase;\nuse Biz\\Content\\FileException;\n\nclass FileExceptionTest extends BaseTestCase\n{\n public function testFileNotFound()\n {\n $exception = FileException::FILE_NOT_FOUND();\n\n $this->assertEquals('exception.file.not_found', $exception->getMessage());\n }\n\n public function testFileGroupInvalid()\n {\n $exception = FileException::FILE_GROUP_INVALID();\n\n $this->assertEquals('exception.file.group_invalid', $exception->getMessage());\n }\n\n public function testFileNotUpload()\n {\n $exception = FileException::FILE_NOT_UPLOAD();\n\n $this->assertEquals('exception.file.not_upload', $exception->getMessage());\n }\n\n public function testFileHandleError()\n {\n $exception = FileException::FILE_HANDLE_ERROR();\n\n $this->assertEquals('exception.file.handle_error', $exception->getMessage());\n }\n\n public function testFileUploadNotAllowed()\n {\n $exception = FileException::FILE_UPLOAD_NOT_ALLOWED();\n\n $this->assertEquals('exception.file.upload_not_allowed', $exception->getMessage());\n }\n\n public function testFileParseUriFailed()\n {\n $exception = FileException::FILE_PARSE_URI_FAILED();\n\n $this->assertEquals('exception.file.parse_uri_failed', $exception->getMessage());\n }\n\n public function testFileDirectoryUnWritable()\n {\n $exception = FileException::FILE_DIRECTORY_UN_WRITABLE();\n\n $this->assertEquals('exception.file.directory_un_writable', $exception->getMessage());\n }\n\n public function testFileExtParseFailed()\n {\n $exception = FileException::FILE_EXT_PARSE_FAILED();\n\n $this->assertEquals('exception.file.ext_parse_failed', $exception->getMessage());\n }\n\n public function testFileTypeError()\n {\n $exception = FileException::FILE_TYPE_ERROR();\n\n $this->assertEquals('exception.file.type_error', $exception->getMessage());\n }\n\n public function testFileSizeLimit()\n {\n $exception = FileException::FILE_SIZE_LIMIT();\n\n $this->assertEquals('exception.file.size_limit', $exception->getMessage());\n }\n\n public function testFileEmptyError()\n {\n $exception = FileException::FILE_EMPTY_ERROR();\n\n $this->assertEquals('exception.file.empty_error', $exception->getMessage());\n }\n\n public function testFileAuthUrlInvalid()\n {\n $exception = FileException::FILE_AUTH_URL_INVALID();\n\n $this->assertEquals('exception.file.auth_url_invalid', $exception->getMessage());\n }\n}\n" ]

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[ "Welsh football was dealt a massive blow on Sunday with the news that national team manager Gary Speed took his own life at his Cheshire home.", "\n\nSpeed, 42, had been in charge of the Welsh side for just under 12 months.", "\n\nA former captain of his country and a real Premier League legend, Speed was one of the good guys In British football.", "\n\nHe had transformed the Welsh team over the last few months, and they look to have a decent chance of at last holding their own in the upcoming World Cup qualifiers, where they will take on the likes of Serbia and Belgium in a pretty even-looking group.", "\n\nThe bold decisions he made had revitalised our football loving nation to a point where no longer were we the laughing of this football crazy island.", "\n\nFor the first time since the likes of Speed himself, Craig Bellamy and John Hartson were on the brink of reaching Euro 2004.", "\n\nThere are some truly excellent performers within this current side.", "\n\nThe biggest and probably best decision Speed made whilst in charge was making Aaron Ramsey the skipper." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nMy Binary Search Algorithm Template Function is Always Returning False\n\nSo I'm supposed to use the Binary Search template function to read elements from a file to an array and then allow the user to search for an element if it's in the array. ", "The problem is that whenever I search for a number, it gives me a \"not found\" even if the element does exist in the file. ", "I know it's better to leave the template functions in the header file, but since I had no idea how to sort the file so the binary search would work I put the functions in the main program to make it less confusing. ", "think the problem is in the main() or the sort function, but to my limited knowledge I can't figure out where exactly and how to fix it. ", "\nThis is my code:\n#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\n#include <conio.h>\n#include <fstream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\ntemplate<class elemType>\nclass orderedArrayListType\n{\npublic:\n static const int length = 20;//Const length of array you can change it accordingly\n int list[length];\n int binarySearch(elemType const&)const;\n};\n\ntemplate<class elemType>\nint orderedArrayListType<elemType>::binarySearch(const elemType& item) const\n{\n int first = 0;\n int last = length - 1;\n int mid;\n\n bool found = false;\n\n while (first <= last && !", "found)\n {\n mid = (first + last) / 2;\n\n if (list[mid] == item)\n found = true;\n else if (list[mid] > item)\n last = mid - 1;\n else\n first = mid + 1;\n }\n\n if (found)\n return mid;\n else\n return -1;\n}\n\nvoid main()\n{\n std::fstream numberFile(\"text.txt\", std::ios_base::in);\n\n orderedArrayListType<int> object;\n\n int number=0, a;\n int i = 0;\n int numberToSearch;\n\n while (numberFile >> a)\n {\n object.list[i] = number;//Initalizing the array\n i++;\n }\n\n cout << \"Enter Number you want to search\" << endl;\n cin >> numberToSearch;\n\n int output = object.binarySearch(numberToSearch);//Make search\n\n if (output>0)\n {\n cout << \"Element found at Index: \" << output << endl;\n }\n else\n {\n cout << \"Element not Found\" << endl;\n }\n\n}\n\nAnd these are the contents of the text.txt file:\n\n1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10\n\nThanks in advance!", "\n\nA:\n\nHere you are setting all elements of the list to 0:\nwhile (numberFile >> a)\n{\n object.list[i] = number;//Initalizing the array\n i++;\n}\n\nInstead, you should fill in the numbers read from the file:\nwhile (numberFile >> a)\n{\n object.list[i] = a;//Initalizing the array\n i++;\n}\n\nThen, it would be better if you would use the template parameter for the list, because else the template will only work for int:\ntemplate<typename elemType>\nclass orderedArrayListType\n{\npublic:\n static const int length = 20;//Const length of array you can change it accordingly\n elemType list[length];\n int binarySearch(elemType const&)const;\n};\n\ntemplate<typename elemType>\nint orderedArrayListType<elemType>::binarySearch(const elemType& item) const\n{\n int first = 0;\n int last = length - 1;\n elemType mid;\n ....\n\n" ]

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[ "Meanings of minor planet names: 417001–418000\n\n\n\n417001–417100 \n\n|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2\n| colspan=4 align=center | \n|}\n\n417101–417200 \n\n|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2\n| colspan=4 align=center | \n|}\n\n417201–417300 \n\n|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2\n| colspan=4 align=center | \n|}\n\n417301–417400 \n\n|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2\n| colspan=4 align=center | \n|}\n\n417401–417500 \n\n|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2\n| colspan=4 align=center | \n|}\n\n417501–417600 \n\n|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2\n| colspan=4 align=center | \n|}\n\n417601–417700 \n\n|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2\n| colspan=4 align=center | \n|}\n\n417701–417800 \n\n|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2\n| colspan=4 align=center | \n|}\n\n417801–417900 \n\n|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2\n| colspan=4 align=center | \n|}\n\n417901–418000 \n\n|-id=955\n| 417955 Mallama || || Anthony Mallama (born 1949) is known for his research on the brightness and variability of all eight planets in our Solar System. ", "These investigations revealed important characteristics of their atmospheres, surfaces and interiors. ", "|| \n|-id=978\n| 417978 Haslehner || || The Haslehner family, who are the neighbors of the Gaisberg Observatory in Schärding, Austria. ", "It was only with their support that it was possible to build the observatory. ", "|| \n|}\n\nReferences \n\n417001-418000" ]

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[ "Pluripotent lineage definition in bovine embryos by Oct4 transcript localization.", "\nThe POU-domain transcription factor Pou5f1 (Oct4) is restricted to pluripotent embryonic cells and the germ line of the mouse and is required for the maintenance of pluripotency of cells within the inner cell mass of the mouse blastocyst. ", "Despite highly conserved genomic organization and regulatory regions between the mouse Oct4 gene and its bovine orthologue, bovine Oct4 protein is not restricted to the inner cell mass of blastocyst-stage embryos, suggesting that Oct4 may not be a key regulator of pluripotency in the bovine. ", "We analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of Oct4 transcript in bovine oocytes and preimplantation-stage embryos, and in contrast to protein distribution, we find strong conservation between bovine and mouse. ", "Oct4 transcript is present at low levels in the bovine oocyte. ", "Similar to mouse, bovine Oct4 transcription begins one to two cell cycles after zygotic genome activation, followed by a sharp increase in transcription subsequent to compaction. ", "Oct4 transcript is ubiquitously present in all cells of embryos at the morula stage; however, in Day 7 bovine blastocysts, Oct4 signal is not visible in the trophectoderm by in situ hybridization, indicating that transcriptional downregulation of Oct4 on differentiation is similar to that observed in mouse and other mammals. ", "These results indicate that in contrast to protein distribution, regulation of Oct4 transcription is conserved between mammalian species." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "How does it work:\n\n\" You need to bring a mirror + a fee to me!", "\n\n\n\n+ X*\n\n\n\nstep1) i will show you ingame the item u want to copy\n\n\n\nstep2) you confirm with trading me the mirror > i will ask u again if you are sure u want me to copy the linked item\n\n\n\nstep3) i will trade u the copy in exchange of the listed fee\n\n\n\nstep4) enjoy your new gg item =) + X*i will show you ingame the item u want to copyyou confirm with trading me the mirror > i will ask u again if you are sure u want me to copy the linked itemi will trade u the copy in exchange of the listed feeenjoy your new gg item =)\n\n\n\n\n\nBE ALPHA:\n\n(not for sale tho)\n\n\n\nItems available for service! (", "regardless if verified or not)\n\n\n\nnewest:\n\n\n\n______________________________________________\n\n_____________________________________________________________\n\n_______________________________________________________________\n\nWeapons ~gb/o 1 mirror\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_____________________________________________________________\n\nRings ~gb/o 1 mirror\n\nEnergy Shield\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLife\n\n*\n\n*\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n*requires 2 Eternals for a version swap\n\n*requires 2 Eternals for a version swap\n\n\n\n_____________________________________________________________\n\nShields ~gb/o 1 mirror\n\nEnergy Shield\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEvasion\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_____________________________________________________________\n\nBody Armour ~gb/o 1 mirror\n\nEnergy Shield\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEvasion/Life\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_____________________________________________________________\n\nBoots ~gb/o 1 mirror\n\nEnergy Shield\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLife\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_____________________________________________________________\n\nHelmets ~gb/o 1 mirror\n\nEnergy Shield\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nLife\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_____________________________________________________________\n\nGloves ~gb/o 1 mirror\n\nEnergy Shield\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHybrid\n\n\n\n\n\nLife\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_____________________________________________________________\n\nBelts ~gb/o 1 mirror\n\nEnergy Shield\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHybrid\n\n\n\n\n\nLife\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n_______________________________________________________________\n\n_____________________________________________________________\n\n______________________________________________\n\n\n\nItems are not for sale!", "\n\n\n\nBE ALPHA:(not for sale tho)_____________________________________________________________(Fee: 30 Exalted incl. ", "Chromes for 3+ offcolours)_____________________________________________________________(Fee: 35 Exalted)_____________________________________________________________(Fee: 40 Exalted incl. ", "Chromes for 3+ offcolours)_____________________________________________________________(Fee: 30 Exalted incl. ", "Chromes for 3+ offcolours)_____________________________________________________________(Fee: 25 Exalted incl. ", "Chromes for 3+ offcolours)_____________________________________________________________(Fee: 30 Exalted incl. ", "Chromes for 3+ offcolours)_____________________________________________________________(Fee: 20 Exalted incl. ", "Chromes for 3+ offcolours)_____________________________________________________________(Fee: 20 Exalted)_____________________________________________________________ > Stream/Build Info: /1292502\n\n> Guide Info: /1489498\n\n\n\n\n\nContact support@grindinggear.com to report issues relating to the game or forum. ", "Thanks! ", "Last edited by Doe on Jan 30, 2018, 3:49:19 PM Last bumped on May 16, 2019, 1:08:25 PM" ]

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[ "\r\n// Copyright Aleksey Gurtovoy 2000-2004\r\n//\r\n// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. ", "\r\n// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at \r\n// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)\r\n//\r\n\r\n// Preprocessed version of \"boost/mpl/list.hpp\" header\r\n// -- DO NOT modify by hand!", "\r\n\r\nnamespace boost { namespace mpl {\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\ntemplate< int N >\r\nstruct list_chooser;\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<0>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef list0<\r\n \r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<1>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list1<\r\n T0\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<2>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list2<\r\n T0, T1\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<3>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list3<\r\n T0, T1, T2\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<4>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list4<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<5>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list5<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<6>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list6<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<7>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list7<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<8>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list8<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<9>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list9<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<10>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list10<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<11>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list11<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<12>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list12<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<13>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list13<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<14>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list14<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<15>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list15<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<16>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list16<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<17>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list17<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15, T16\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<18>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list18<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<19>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list19<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct list_chooser<20>\r\n{\r\n template<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\n struct result_\r\n {\r\n typedef typename list20<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19\r\n >::type type;\r\n\r\n };\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\nnamespace aux {\r\n\r\ntemplate< typename T >\r\nstruct is_list_arg\r\n{\r\n BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value = true);\r\n};\r\n\r\ntemplate<>\r\nstruct is_list_arg<na>\r\n{\r\n BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, value = false);\r\n};\r\n\r\ntemplate<\r\n typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5\r\n , typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9, typename T10\r\n , typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14, typename T15\r\n , typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19, typename T20\r\n >\r\nstruct list_count_args\r\n{\r\n BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(int, value =\r\n is_list_arg<T1>::value + is_list_arg<T2>::value \r\n + is_list_arg<T3>::value + is_list_arg<T4>::value \r\n + is_list_arg<T5>::value + is_list_arg<T6>::value \r\n + is_list_arg<T7>::value + is_list_arg<T8>::value \r\n + is_list_arg<T9>::value + is_list_arg<T10>::value \r\n + is_list_arg<T11>::value + is_list_arg<T12>::value \r\n + is_list_arg<T13>::value + is_list_arg<T14>::value \r\n + is_list_arg<T15>::value + is_list_arg<T16>::value \r\n + is_list_arg<T17>::value + is_list_arg<T18>::value \r\n + is_list_arg<T19>::value + is_list_arg<T20>::value\r\n );\r\n\r\n};\r\n\r\ntemplate<\r\n typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4\r\n , typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9\r\n , typename T10, typename T11, typename T12, typename T13, typename T14\r\n , typename T15, typename T16, typename T17, typename T18, typename T19\r\n >\r\nstruct list_impl\r\n{\r\n typedef aux::list_count_args<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19\r\n > arg_num_;\r\n\r\n typedef typename aux::list_chooser< arg_num_::value >\r\n ::template result_< T0,T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T10,T11,T12,T13,T14,T15,T16,T17,T18,T19 >::type type;\r\n};\r\n\r\n} // namespace aux\r\n\r\ntemplate<\r\n typename T0 = na, typename T1 = na, typename T2 = na, typename T3 = na\r\n , typename T4 = na, typename T5 = na, typename T6 = na, typename T7 = na\r\n , typename T8 = na, typename T9 = na, typename T10 = na, typename T11 = na\r\n , typename T12 = na, typename T13 = na, typename T14 = na\r\n , typename T15 = na, typename T16 = na, typename T17 = na\r\n , typename T18 = na, typename T19 = na\r\n >\r\nstruct list\r\n : aux::list_impl<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19\r\n >::type\r\n{\r\n typedef typename aux::list_impl<\r\n T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15, T16, T17, T18, T19\r\n >::type type;\r\n};\r\n\r\n}}\r\n\r\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.01834862385321101, 0.005291005291005291, 0.02587713402339024 ]

[ "Globalization’s Government Turns 10\n\nTen years ago, the George W. Bush administration played host to an unprecedented meeting. ", "On the weekend of Nov. 14 and 15, 2008, the heads of the G-20—a group of leaders from 20 large economies who had never previously been treated as a collective—assembled for the first time in Washington to coordinate a response to the rapidly growing global financial crisis. ", "The upcoming meeting in Buenos Aires on Nov. 30 will be its 13th since 2008.", "\n\nIt’s an unabashedly exclusive club—even the United Nations secretary-general attends as a guest, not a full member—and has quickly become one of the most potent symbols of globalization. ", "Its authority is demonstrated by the blanket of security that surrounds it and the mass anti-globalization protests, most recently in Hamburg in July 2017, that regularly try to disrupt it. ", "Ultimately, however, it is both more and less important than its critics and supporters allege—and given the present structure of the global economy, it is difficult to imagine an alternative. ", "The G-20, in short, is the form of global governance the world currently deserves.", "\n\nThe G-20 concept was originally gestated in crisis—not that of 2008 but of the late 1990s. ", "The story goes that, in the wake of economic meltdowns in Asia and Russia, then-U.S. Treasury Secretary Larry Summers tasked his deputy Timothy Geithner, together with his German counterpart, Caio Koch-Weser, with compiling a list of major global players who should make up a decision-making forum more exclusive and flexible than the U.N. Going down a table of population and GDP, they ticked France and South Africa in, Nigeria and Spain out. ", "The result was a grouping dominated by the G-8 and the so-called BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), with the addition of newcomers to the top table such as Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Argentina, Mexico, and Turkey.", "\n\nThis proto-G-20 was a regular meeting of finance ministers and accordingly low-key and technical in atmosphere. ", "There were some, like the Canadians, who pushed from the start for the G-20 to be upgraded to a meeting of higher-level leaders. ", "But the Bush administration resisted, preferring to cultivate coalitions of the willing and to open a new era of G-2 diplomacy with China.", "\n\nThe 2008 gathering was a surprising last-minute turn to multilateralism on the part of a Bush presidency better known for its unilateral approach. ", "Exceptional times, however, called for an unusual response. ", "In September and October 2008, the world economy had experienced the closest thing in its history to a collective financial heart attack. ", "All the major banks on both sides of the Atlantic had been shaken to their foundations. ", "National governments everywhere were scrambling to the rescue of their financial institutions. ", "But they were doing so in an alarmingly uncoordinated fashion. ", "It was not until Oct. 13, 2008, that Europe and the United States managed to hammer out a coordinated program of capital injections and bank guarantees. ", "Behind the scenes, the U.S. Federal Reserve was pumping dollar liquidity into the global banking system.", "\n\nBut what was needed was something more political to signal the commitment to avoiding a repeat of the conflicts of the 1930s, to accelerate new regulatory action, and to unlock additional crisis-fighting resources. ", "Leaders elsewhere recognized the same need: as the depth of the disaster became clear, President Nicolas Sarkozy of France and Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the U.K. began talking about the need for a global gathering.", "\n\nBut creating an overtly political forum posed its own problems—namely, how to design in a way that reconciled the individual interests of its participants. ", "The French and the Japanese wanted a relatively select group, one that would give them more weight. ", "The Bush administration’s priority was to avoid formal cooperation with the U.N., which it feared would seize the initiative with a show-stopping global investigation into the U.S. roots of the crisis. ", "Ultimately, the major players agreed to upgrade the existing G-20 and to link it closely to the IMF, in which voting rights are weighted by capital contribution.", "\n\nThe G-20 was a self-appointed group—and, unsurprisingly, the excluded resented it. ", "Norway’s foreign minister denounced the summits in 2010 as the “greatest setback” for the international community since World War II. “", "We no longer live in the 19th century,” he opined, “a time when the major powers met and redrew the map of the world. ", "No one needs a new Congress of Vienna.”", "\n\nAt the first meeting of the G-20 in Washington there seemed little prospect that it would be redrawing any maps. ", "The format was untested and inefficient. ", "The leaders took turns to deliver prepared statements. ", "There was more posturing than substance. ", "But they reached agreement on important initiatives regarding banking regulation and financial stability, which accelerated the push toward tighter banking regulation in the Basel III agreement. ", "And the second meeting, in London in April 2009, starred new U.S. President Barack Obama and was a true global summit. ", "Whether the resulting coordination of policy was a good or a bad thing, of course, depended on the policies that were agreed. ", "The expansion of IMF resources at London would prove to be much needed. ", "Less positive was the use of the G-20 to coordinate austerity. ", "The decision at the June 2010 meeting in Toronto for all the major economies of the world to simultaneously halve their deficits was profoundly misguided.", "\n\nSince the G-20’s beginnings in the financial crisis, its mission has become more dilute. ", "Its remit has expanded, and its meetings have been cut to one per year. ", "It continues, nevertheless, to serve as a convenient venue for bilateral encounters balanced by the wider global setting. ", "Between 2010 and 2012, it was the principal forum in which the Obama administration conducted its discreet efforts to break the deadlock in the eurozone crisis. ", "More recently it has become the stage on which global leaders have sought to temper U.S. President Donald Trump’s program of “America First” policy and to coordinate their response.", "\n\nIn a world of increasingly assertive nationalism, does the G-20 have a future? ", "Almost certainly, yes—in part because its style of internationalism insulates it from nationalist pressures. ", "As the Norwegian foreign minister noted, hierarchy is built into the G-20 model. ", "In that sense, it marks a break with the postwar internationalist era, with its emphasis on the equality of sovereign members of the U.N. General Assembly. ", "The G-20’s privileging of an exclusive group of major countries flies in the face of the pious fiction of equal sovereignty. ", "But that does not make it a throwback to the 19th century, dominated by the principle of monarchical legitimacy and the “concert of Europe.” ", "The G-20 is an authentic organization of the new era of globalization, which began in the 1990s when global growth began to take on a transformative aspect, rebalancing the hierarchy of nations. ", "The criteria for inclusion in the G-20 are not sovereignty or political alignment but economic and demographic heft.", "\n\nThe balance of power within the G-20 itself has shifted accordingly. ", "At the turn of the century, when finance ministers first began to meet, the G-20’s emerging economy members contributed 25 percent of global growth as compared to a 55 percent share for the United States, Europe, Canada, Australia, and Japan. ", "Today, their shares are 45 percent each. ", "In the next five years, the growth contribution of the emerging economies in the G-20 will eclipse that of the slower-growing rich countries. ", "And it is not just the raw economic balance that is shifting. ", "Political and intellectual authority are shifting too. ", "Both the Europeans and the Americans have found themselves under sustained criticism from Asian members of the G-20, demanding that they put their financial houses in order. ", "The clashes at the summits in Seoul in November 2010 and at Los Cabos, Mexico, in June 2012 were particularly fierce. ", "On the other hand, the voices of Brazil and Indonesia brought to bear in the G-20 have also prepared the way for the IMF to take a more open-minded view on the need for emerging markets to manage international capital flows.", "\n\nThe question for the future is not where the likes of Norway fit in but how long population giants like Pakistan, Nigeria, and Bangladesh should be excluded. ", "Egypt has four times the population of Australia, a founding member. ", "Ethiopia has a population that dwarfs any country in the European Union and is widely touted both as a champion of East African growth and a strategic partner of China.", "\n\nShort of a European agreement to be represented by the EU, it is unlikely that incumbents will give up their spots. ", "We should, therefore, expect the number of members to expand. ", "This would widen the G-20’s base of legitimacy, even if a G-25 or a G-30 would not mark a return to the universalism of the founding moment of the United Nations or the much-lamented liberal multilateralism of 1945.", "\n\nBut, considering 21st-century realities, those inherited models of global organization are holdovers from an ancien régime, as much as Prince Metternich’s dealings were in the 20th century. ", "Why should a resurgent India or China with populations of 1.4 billion and rapidly growing economies agree to stand on the same level as Ireland, Uzbekistan, and Panama? ", "The G-20 draws hierarchical distinctions and frankly recognizes the power relations of an increasingly multipolar world. ", "In that world, size counts. ", "The same is true in the G-20—which is why it’s here to stay." ]

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[ "Generalised tetanus in a 2-week-old foal: use of physiotherapy to aid recovery.", "\nA 2-week-old Estonian Draft foal presented with signs of severe generalised tetanus, recumbency and inability to drink. ", "The suspected source of infection was the umbilicus. ", "Medical treatment was administered, including tetanus antitoxin, antimicrobial therapy and phenobarbital to control tetanic spasms. ", "In addition, an intensive physiotherapy program was carried out during the recovery period. ", "Techniques designed for syndromes involving upper motor neuron spasticity in humans were applied. ", "Exercises aimed at weight-bearing and mobility were executed with the help of a walking-frame. ", "The foal made a complete recovery. ", "To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of physiotherapy in the treatment of tetanus in horses." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAstroturfer can get their profile link to stay on the main page - let's stop that\n\nLow volume sites have relatively static main pages. ", "Consider this scenario:\n\nA user with a name that describes their services (Everest Tour Guides for example) answers a question with a subject line like How Do I Find a Tour Guide to Everest Base Camp?", "\nthe answer has a link in it and not enough disclaimers, and isn't very useful. ", "It's flagged, or a moderator comes across it\nthe answer is deleted, but the account is not\n\nResult: the last activity on the main page still shows the user's name, and is a working link to their profile. ", "Go to Travel today to see it in action.", "\n\nI don't think I like this. ", "Could the \"last activity\" somehow show the last activity that stuck? ", "Or list the moderator who deleted the answer as the author of the last activity?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe correct thing here is to just delete this user, who was obviously only created for spamming. ", "I just did this, and now the Community user shows up as the user who \"last modified\".", "\n\n" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field\nThe disclosure is directed to multimedia signal processing and, more particularly, to video encoding and decoding.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nMultimedia processing systems, such as video encoders, may encode multimedia data using encoding methods based on international standards such as Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)-1, -2 and -4 standards, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)-T H.263 standard, and the ITU-T H.264 standard and its counterpart, ISO/EEC MPEG-4, Part 10, i.e., Advanced Video Coding (AVC). ", "Such encoding methods generally are directed to compressing the multimedia data for transmission and/or storage. ", "Compression is broadly the process of removing redundancy from the data.", "\nA video signal may be described in terms of a sequence of pictures, which include frames (an entire picture), or fields (e.g., an interlaced video stream comprises fields of alternating odd or even lines of a picture). ", "As used herein, the term “frame” refers to a picture, a frame or a field. ", "Video encoding methods compress video signals by using lossless or lossy compression algorithms to compress each frame. ", "Intra-frame coding (herein referred to as intra-coding) refers to encoding a frame using only that frame. ", "Inter-frame coding (herein referred to as inter-coding) refers to encoding a frame based on other, “reference,” frames. ", "For example, video signals often exhibit temporal redundancy in which frames near each other in the temporal sequence of frames have at least portions that are match or at least partially match each other.", "\nMultimedia processors, such as video encoders, may encode a frame by partitioning it into blocks or “macroblocks” of, for example, 16×16 pixels. ", "The encoder may further partition each macroblock into subblocks. ", "Each subblock may further comprise additional subblocks. ", "For example, subblocks of a macroblock may include 16×8 and 8×16 subblocks. ", "Subblocks of the 8×16 subblocks may include 8×8 subblocks, and so forth. ", "As used herein, the term “block” refers to either a macroblock or a subblock.", "\nEncoders take advantage of this temporal redundancy using inter-coding motion compensation based algorithms. ", "Motion compensation algorithms identify portions of a reference frame that at least partially matches a block. ", "The block may be shifted in the frame relative to the matching portion of the reference frame. ", "This shift is characterized by a motion vector. ", "Any differences between the block and partially matching portion of the reference frame may be characterized in terms of a residual. ", "The encoder may encode a frame as data that comprises one or more of the motion vectors and residuals for a particular partitioning of the frame. ", "A particular partition of blocks for encoding a frame may be selected by approximately minimizing a cost function that, for example, balances encoding size with distortion to the content of the frame resulting from an encoding.", "\nInter-coding enables more compression efficiency than intra-coding. ", "However, inter-coding can create problems when reference data (e.g., reference frames or reference fields) are lost due to channel errors etc. ", "In addition to loss of reference data due to errors, reference data may also be unavailable due to initial acquisition or reacquisition of the video signal at an inter-coded frame. ", "In these cases, decoding of inter-coded data may not be possible or may result in undesired errors and error propagation. ", "These scenarios can result in a loss of synchronization of the video stream. ", "An independently decodable intra-coded frame is the most common form of frame that enables resynchronization of the video signal. ", "The MPEG-x and H.26x standard use what is known as a group of pictures (GOP) which comprises an intra-coded frame (also called an I-frame) and temporally predicted P-frames or bi-directionally predicted B frames that reference the I-frame and/or other P and/or B frames within the GOP. ", "Longer GOP's are desirable for the increased compression, but shorter GOP's allow for quicker acquisition and resynchronization. ", "Increasing the number of I-frames will permit quicker acquisition and resynchronization, but at the expense of lower compression. ", "What is needed is a way to enable fast acquisition and resynchronization of the video stream while preserving compression efficiency." ]

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[ "Gene set by de novo assembly of Perilla species and expression profiling between P. frutescens (L.) var. ", "frutescens and var. ", "crispa.", "\nPerilla frutescens (L.) Britt. ", "is a self-pollinating annual species and is widely cultivated in China, Korea and Japan as an economic crop and a source of medicine and spices. ", "In this study, we sequenced one cultivar variety (PF98095) of P. frutescens (L.) var. ", "frutescens Britt., ", "which was assembled as reference and other three varieties (PF11109, weedy of var. ", "frutescens, PF06336 and PF06353, cultivars of varieties crispa) in order to carry out comparative expression profiling within cultivar and weedy in varieties frutescens and between varieties frutescens and varieties crispa of cultivar type in P. frutescens. ", "Assembly of PF98095, annotation mapping, DEG (differentially expressed gene) profiling, and comparative analysis were performed. ", "We found that more than 65% of the reads were mapped to the reference of P. frutescens gene set. ", "Moreover, we detected 22,962 DEGs in the weedy variety compared to the cultivar, and also, 22,138 and 23,845 DEGs were identified in two cultivars according to the reference, respectively. ", "The DEGs and functional classification were developed to analyze the differences between weedy and cultivar and between varieties frutescens and varieties crispa of Perilla. ", "Furthermore, candidate genes for the different color and seed size of Perilla were identified that could be further investigated in future study. ", "The herein results may play a significant role, and contribute in functional transcriptome studies of Perilla." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCOM interop, C#, Visual Studio 2010 -> embed interop types\n\nMy C# program accesses SAP via Nco3 (sapnco.dll). ", "This program also needs to work with Delphi. ", "Some of my methods return types from the sapnco.dll:\npublic void IRfcTable table(...) { ... }\n\nin Delphi this method shows up as\nfunction table(...): IUnknown { ... }\n\nI suppose this IUnknown is because my TLB does not include the sapnco.dll. ", "I tried \"Embed Interop Types = true\" in Visual Studio, but then this error occurs:\n\nError Interoptypen aus Assembly \"C:\\...\" können nicht eingebettet werden, weil das ImportedFromTypeLibAttribute-Attribut oder das PrimaryInteropAssemblyAttribute-Attribut fehlt. ", " c:...\\sapnco.dll\n(Interop Types could not be embedded because some attributes are missing).", "\n\nIs this the right way? ", "If so, where to put these attributes?", "\n\nA:\n\nsapnco.dll is a .NET dll, so it is not exposed to COM, so you cannot directly use this types in a COM environment. ", "The solution to your problem is to create a library to wrap the sapnco.dll in COM exposed classes:\nAs an example:\n[ComVisible(true)]\npublic interface IComRfcTable\n{\n public void DoSomething();\n}\n\n[ComVisible(true)]\npublic class ComRfcTable\n{\n private _rfcTable; // object to wrap\n public ComRfcTable(IRfcTable rfcTable)\n {\n _rfcTable = rfcTable\n }\n\n public void DoSomething()\n {\n _rfcTable.", "DoSomething();\n }\n}\n\nThen your method must be implemented like:\n public IComRfcTable table(...) { ... }\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow do I identify a blended layer in iOS?", "\n\nI am triggering an iOS animation to move some elements around on my screen, and when I do so, an area at the bottom of the screen (away from where I think I'm doing the operation) changes shade slightly. ", " When I turn on 'show blended layers' in the iPhone simulator, it's clear that at the beginning of my animation, something starts overlaying that area, but I cannot figure out what. ", " The view that I'm adding to my screen is a composite view, including a scrollview and an overlay -- something in there is overflowing the bounds it should be in, and I can't figure out what. ", " The simulator obviously knows what it is -- it's happy to color it red for me as a blended layer -- but I can't get it to tell me what layer is being blended so I can fix it. ", " How do I do this?", "\nETA: If I turn on clipsToBounds on the inserted view, my problem goes away. ", " But I'd still like to know how to identify layered views when I'm trying to debug. ", " Is there a way?", "\n\nA:\n\nTry animating it all, but each time hide one more subview until one moment, when a subview is removed and problem is no longer visible - You will know which view is faulty.", "\nBetter is to go [view subviews] - to really access them all.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Monthly Archives: May 2014\n\nSo….no internet and no tv. ", "But no time for either really. ", "Tuesday saw a trip back to Paisley to invigilate at the exams. ", "This time I was overseeing students in the computer labs. ", "Just two in each session, requiring more time and a computer in order to complete the exam paper. ", "We really do try to support those requiring extra help with writing!", "\n\nBut the other really interesting first time experience of the week, was my Role Specific Training as a Commonwealth Games volunteer. ", "A Clydesider!!", "\n\nOff to Glasgow for an 8 am start and a ten hour day. ", "And it was a busy ten hours. ", "I was late – trouble parking but we are assured parking will be easier at the time as local businesses are on holiday. ", "I will try harder next time.", "\n\nI am a T2 driver! ", "They describe this as providing a superior VIP limousine service. ", "So the first few sessions covered our role, how it fits in with the rest of the teams and we were then divided into groups to go over – using the radios – great fun! ", "Control, control this is bravo 321 over, the sat nav which we are to ignore generally as we have to follow the prescribed Games Road Network, etiquette and politeness and how to drive safely! ", "This took the entire morning. ", "A quick lunch, beautifully organised and with choices that would suit all. ", "Then out in the cars.", "\n\nI thought we would go out with the many experienced people in attendance. ", "But no. ", "Divided into threes and handed the keys and paperwork and a route between the various venues in use during the Games. ", "I happened to be sitting next to a colleague from GTCS so he and I were accompanied by another guy to take turns driving, navigating and being the radio op.", "\n\nWhat fun! ", "Thought I knew Glasgow. ", "No way! ", "And following the approved route when the sat nav said otherwise was…..challenging! ", "We had about three hours on the road before being recalled to base. ", "This on a busy Friday afternoon in Glasgow compounded by a fire in the city centre which turned out to be The Art School. ", "But it was fun. ", "On our return, a debriefing, a reassurance that we would get more practice on our next day of training and our own A-Z specially overlaid with Commonwealth Games and we were sent on our way. ", "I have 17 shifts over the games starting at various times from early morning to mid afternoon to late evening. ", "There will be a lot of hanging about by the sound of it. ", "Need to take my knitting with me.", "\n\nSo home. ", "But actually not home! ", "Off to babysit with Becky. ", "Lovely evening. ", "Need I say more. ", "Home very late.", "\n\nSettling in nicely to this retirement lark! ", "I even have a whole week of almost nothing in my diary next week before my trip to Prague ….. And am not feeling stressed out! ", "But this week was quite different. ", "Seemed to pack an awful lot into it and started new projects and new experiences.", "\n\nThe week started with a new experience. ", "For what seems like months, I have been training with the Red Cross to be 1. ", "A Community Based First Aid (CBFA ) educator 2. ", "An events first Aider. ", "Lots of workshops. ", "The obvious first aid classes but also Moving and Handling, Protection of Vulnerable Adults, Children, CALMER which is basically psychological care of self and others, and induction into the Red Cross. ", "On Monday I had my first CBFA teaching session. ", "A full day with about 8 others at a secondary school in Glasgow. ", "Fourth years. ", "Early start – had to be there for 8.45. ", "Didn’t help that phone sat nav took me to a dead end and told me to turn left! ", "Luckily I could see the school from there so followed my own navigational instincts and found my way into the school. ", "Reception were a bit unfriendly. ", "And unhelpful. ", "But once the actual teacher was found, all was very friendly. ", "We were being split into five groups with up to 22 boys and girls in each. ", "I was working with a very experienced educator, thank goodness, as I had no idea how these sessions were delivered. ", "I mostly sat and watched and played patient. ", "Ready to do the next one myself although I would introduce far more student led sessions. ", "It was a bit chalk and talk! ", "The kids were so funny though. ", "Boys with total disinterest on their faces – but obviously listening because they were often the ones to answer the what do you do next questions. ", "The girls more bothered about make up and short skirts than carrying out CPR properly. ", "But again they proved to be interested and interesting once they got to know us. ", "They all evaluated us well!", "\n\nSo home, once again getting lost. ", "To an amazing thunderstorm! ", "At 5pm it was sunny. ", "At six the lightning crawled all around Troon and the thunder circled us. ", "For almost three hours. ", "It was very impressive. ", "Not one to fear nature so enjoyed watching it and ventured out in my car at one point to feed my daughters cat. ", "However the thunderstorm caused a bit of a disaster. ", "As the final huge lightening strike lit up the sky our tv went bang, never to show life again. ", "And even worse our internet went down! ", "No tv, and no internet. ", "Had to take up knitting!! ", "still without a TV five days later but the internet sorted itself out. ", "Thank goodness." ]

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[ "Assessment of coronary in-stent restenosis: value of subtraction coronary computed tomography angiography.", "\nIn conventional coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), metal artifacts are frequently observed where stents are located, making it difficult to evaluate in-stent restenosis. ", "This study was conducted to investigate whether subtraction CCTA can improve diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of in-stent restenosis. ", "Subtraction CCTA was performed using 320-row CT in 398 patients with previously placed stents who were able to hold their breath for 25 s and in whom mid-diastolic prospective one-beat scanning was possible. ", "Among these patients, 126 patients (94 men and 32 women, age 74 ± 8 years) with 370 stents who also underwent invasive coronary angiography (ICA) were selected as the subjects of this study. ", "With ICA findings considered the gold standard, conventional CCTA was compared against subtraction CCTA to determine whether subtraction can improve diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of in-stent restenosis. ", "When non-assessable stents were considered to be stenotic, the diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of in-stent restenosis was 62.7 % for conventional CCTA and 89.5 % for subtraction CCTA. ", "When the non-assessable stents were considered to be non-stenotic the diagnostic accuracy was 90.3 % for conventional CCTA and 94.31 % for subtraction CCTA. ", "When subtraction CCTA was used to evaluate only the 138 stents that were judged to be non-assessable by conventional CCTA, 116 of these stents were judged to be assessable, and the findings for 109 of them agreed with those obtained by ICA. ", "Even for stents with an internal diameter of 2.5-3 mm, the lumen can be evaluated in more than 80 % of patients. ", "Subtraction CCTA provides significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than conventional CCTA in the evaluation of in-stent restenosis." ]

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[ "Whitmer signs tax break for poor Detroiters into law\n\nMichigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer signed legislation Monday morning that will wipe away much of the delinquent tax debt for thousands of low-income Detroit homeowners who qualify, calling it \"crucial step\" to helping people out of poverty.", "\n\nParticipants in \"Pay as You Stay\" will get their interest and fees eliminated. ", "And the remainder of their debt would be capped at 10% of their home's taxable value under the new law.", "\n\nIt's pitched as temporary help for thousands of Detroiters struggling to repay debt they likely never had to pay if they had known about the city's low-income tax break. ", "But other communities statewide will be able to opt-in as well.", "\n\n“As we seek to take on some of those barriers that keep people in poverty, this is an important step,” said Whitmer, who signed the legislation at a press conference at the Wayne Metro Community Action Agency in Detroit's New Center. “", "While there is plenty of work to do, today is a day to celebrate policy reflecting the needs of citizens.”", "\n\nHomeowners first have to apply for the current year's Poverty Tax Exemption, also called the Homeowners Property Tax Assistance Program or HPTAP. ", "That would either wipe away or discount their 2020 tax bill.", "\n\nOfficials are uring low-income homeowners to apply by March 28. ", "Wayne County Treasurer's office will stop the foreclosure process for those that meet that deadline. ", "Then the treasurer plans to contact homeowners starting April 15 to enroll in the Pay as You Stay program, officials said.", "\n\nLow-income Detroiters who qualify don't have to pay property taxes, but housing advocates have argued the yearly application process for the city's Poverty Tax Exemption is cumbersome and many don't realize it's available.", "\n\nResident Shanita Jones teared up at Monday's press conference as she described her payments going from about $400 a month to less than $50.", "\n\nThe 49-year-old hospice worker recently adopted eight of her nieces and nephews and was worried she was going to soon lose her home to foreclosure. ", "She said she's looking forward to spending more money on them, including enrolling them in soccer or getting extra tutoring.", "\n\n\"There are no words that I could use to express how beneficial this is,\" said Jones, who city officials invited to speak. \"", "I am just so relieved.\"", "\n\nTo apply for the 2020 Poverty Tax Exemption, or HPTAP, read more here. ", "Download the application here.", "\n\nCities haven't been able to wipe away taxes retroactively even when individuals can prove they would have qualified for the break in the past.", "\n\nMayor Mike Duggan called it \"remarkable\" that they were able to get the legislation passed in four months in a Republican-controlled Legislature, saying the effort was bipartisan.", "\n\n\"This is what happens when you don’t spend a lot of time yelling at each other,\" Duggan said. \"", "This is a complicated bill that took a lot of work.\"", "\n\nOfficials estimate it could cost the city just less than $8 million over the next three years, but similar cost estimates weren't immediately available for the other tax jurisdictions, such as the library and Detroit Public Schools Community District.", "\n\nThe legislation was sponsored by Rep. Wendell Byrd, D-Detroit. ", "The program will stop taking new applicants in July 2023.", "\n\nAbout 3,200 who got the tax break in 2019 and are on payment plans for delinquent debt will already qualify for Pay as You Stay, according to the Wayne County Treasurer's office.", "\n\nBut there are an estimated 11,000 Detroit homeowners on payment plans, so city and county officials are promising a marketing blitz with nonprofits to encourage more homeowners to apply.", "\n\nCity officials have said up to 30,000 homeowners might qualify but that number fluctuates.", "\n\nMany homeowners on payment plans are struggling with debt despite tax foreclosures declining dramatically in Detroit in recent years.", "\n\nNearly one in four Detroit homeowners owes more in delinquent property taxes as of fall 2019 than they did three years prior, despite being a part of low-interest plans designed to help them get out of debt and avoid foreclosure, according to Detroit News analysis.", "\n\ncmacdonald@detroitnews.com" ]

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[ "1. ", "Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-15-00842}\n===============\n\nMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common disorders of the muscles, bones, nerves and other systems due to unergonomic working conditions. ", "Low back pain and carpal tunnel syndrome are common. ", "MSDs often occur in the process of workers' working activities, which not only seriously affect the efficiency of workers, threaten their health and lives, but also bring huge economic burdens to the country and enterprises \\[[@B1-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "Occupational injuries of a musculoskeletal nature have caught the attention of scholars internationally \\[[@B2-ijerph-15-00842],[@B3-ijerph-15-00842],[@B4-ijerph-15-00842],[@B5-ijerph-15-00842]\\] and have been classified as an occupational disease in some developed countries. ", "In occupational diseases confirmed by Eurostat in 2005, WMSDs accounted for 39% of all occupational diseases in EU countries \\[[@B6-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "MSDs are the major health problems and economic burdens in many developed countries, resulting in as many as tens of billions of dollars in compensation for work-related injuries each year \\[[@B7-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "Studies have shown that MSDs in the United States account for 65% of all occupational diseases and have become the fastest growing occupational injury; Most of the costs of occupation-related diseases are caused by the MSDs, which is approximately 130--540 billion dollars/year \\[[@B8-ijerph-15-00842],[@B9-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "The annual economic losses caused by MSDs in the Nordic countries are enormous, accounting for 2.7--5.2% of the GNP \\[[@B10-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "MSDs are the most common cause of sick leave or disability in Canada, the United States, Finland, Sweden, and England \\[[@B11-ijerph-15-00842],[@B12-ijerph-15-00842]\\].", "\n\nThere are many factors that lead to MSDs. ", "In summary, they can be divided into three categories: The first is professional factors. ", "Studies have shown that long-term repetitive operations, incorrect postures are the main causes of MSDs \\[[@B13-ijerph-15-00842],[@B14-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "There are also studies suggesting that long-term repeated lifting, pushing, pulling, and transporting heavy objects increase the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries at the back \\[[@B15-ijerph-15-00842],[@B16-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "Long or repeated rotation of the body, bow and other movements, it is likely to make the body in a state of fatigue and difficult to recover, and then cause the back MSD increased significantly \\[[@B17-ijerph-15-00842],[@B18-ijerph-15-00842],[@B19-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "The second is the individual factor. ", "Factors such as age, gender, and BMI all influence the occurrence of MSDs. ", "Individuals' lifestyles, such as whether they smoke, exercise, and different levels of education, are also risk factors for MSDs \\[[@B20-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "The third is social and psychological factors. ", "Studies have shown that poor psychosocial factors can induce MSDs \\[[@B21-ijerph-15-00842],[@B22-ijerph-15-00842],[@B23-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) points out that five types of psychosocial factors such as job satisfaction, high workload, work monotony, job control, and social support are related to occupational low back pain and upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders \\[[@B24-ijerph-15-00842]\\].", "\n\nStudies have found that MSDs will not only impair the health status of the professional population, but also have impact on their ability to work. ", "For example, Ropponen found that musculoskeletal pain impairing work ability \\[[@B25-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "Ge found that the number of working years, neck and shoulder MSD and back MSD of the screen display terminal operator are factors that affect work ability \\[[@B26-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "Another study found that the main factors affecting nurses' work ability are number of working years, neck and shoulder MSDs, and lower back MSDs. ", "Nurses' chronic MSDs have effect on the ability to work \\[[@B27-ijerph-15-00842]\\].", "\n\nThe working demands on oil workers are heavy and the work environment is harsh. ", "If workers operate in this environment for a long time, it can be harmful to their physical and mental health. ", "With the modernization of production, the working conditions in petroleum production have been greatly improved \\[[@B28-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "But the nature of oil work is special: Under the effects of working in the field and mostly in isolated desert areas, with drought, high temperatures, strong radiation and other adverse climatic conditions, there is a high prevalence of MSDs in this occupational population. ", "Therefore, the purpose of this survey was to investigate the status of MSDs in oil workers, to provide a theoretical basis for helping lessen the burden of MSDs and improve the man-machine environment of oil workers.", "\n\n2. ", "Material and Methods {#sec2-ijerph-15-00842}\n=======================\n\n2.1. ", "Study Subjects {#sec2dot1-ijerph-15-00842}\n-------------------\n\nThis cross-sectional study was carried out during the period between April and September 2016. ", "Study subjects were employees aged 18--60 years of both sexes oil workers from seven oil companies in Kelamayi City, Xinjiang Autonomous Uygur Region, China. ", "A total of 2000 oil workers who had been working in this field for more than 1 year were recruited using cluster sampling method. ", "After rejecting incomplete and incorrectly completed questionnaires, 1935 subjects were eligible, for an effective valid questionnaire response rate of 96.75%. ", "They were all healthy people without organic diseases, hypertension, mental illness or genetic history of ill-health, and their routine examination (such as blood routine, liver and kidney function, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, etc.) ", "was normal.", "\n\n2.2. ", "Research Methods {#sec2dot2-ijerph-15-00842}\n---------------------\n\nA questionnaire (detailed below) was used to investigate the status of MSDs and its impact on working ability.", "\n\n### 2.2.1. ", "General Investigation {#sec2dot2dot1-ijerph-15-00842}\n\nThis section included general demographic characteristics such as age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, educational level and income, as well as occupational characteristics such as job type, number of working years, title and shift status.", "\n\n### 2.2.2. ", "MSDs Investigation {#sec2dot2dot2-ijerph-15-00842}\n\nThe Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Standard Questionnaire \\[[@B29-ijerph-15-00842]\\] was used to collect the data on MSDs status and its effect on working and life in the last year. ", "Physical symptoms such as pain, numbness and inconvenience, and symptoms lasting more than 24 h relating to work, were included, while excluding other medical emergencies and physical disabilities or illness sequelae, etc. ", "The prevalence of MSDs was measured using the prevalence for the last year, i.e., the percentage of respondents who had musculoskeletal symptoms during the previous year.", "\n\nThe method is an indirect method \\[[@B30-ijerph-15-00842]\\], There have been many studies using the method to evaluate workers' MSDs status \\[[@B31-ijerph-15-00842],[@B32-ijerph-15-00842],[@B33-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "The advantages of the method are principally its questions is standardized, cost is low, worldwide recognition, and relatively quick identification of the symptoms. ", "However, the complexity on occasions, the statistical treatment of the data and the need to administer questionnaires to a representative portion of the workers under study are the main disadvantages \\[[@B34-ijerph-15-00842]\\].", "\n\n### 2.2.3. ", "Working Ability Investigation {#sec2dot2dot3-ijerph-15-00842}\n\nThe Work Ability Index Questionnaire (WAI) was used to evaluate working ability. ", "This was developed in 1994 by the Finnish National Institute of Occupational Health after years of research and development. ", "It is a test tool used to judge whether a person can finish his/her work continuously. ", "The WAI is used to evaluate changes in the working ability of workers, and the Chinese version has good reliability and validity \\[[@B35-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "The questionnaire is consisted of seven items, including current work ability compared with the lifetime best (0--10), work ability in relation to the demands of the job (score range: 2--10), number of current diseases diagnosed by a physician (score range: 1--7), estimated work impairment due to diseases (score range: 1--6), sick leave during the past 12 months (score range: 1--5), personal prognosis of work ability 2 year from now (score range: 1, 4, or 7), and mental resources (score range: 1--4). ", "Each item is evaluated by different number of questions; therefore, the score ranges of items differ with each other. ", "The total score of WAI is calculated by summing up the scores of all items that ranged from 7--49 points, the greater the score, the stronger the ability to work. ", "Working ability is divided into three levels according to WAI score: 7--27 points (ability to work is poor), 28--36 points (ability to work is medium), and 37 to 49 points (ability to work is high).", "\n\n2.3. ", "Quality Control {#sec2dot3-ijerph-15-00842}\n--------------------\n\nIn China, workers are required to undergo professional health examinations on a regular basis under the Industrial Safety and Health Act. ", "During the annual professional health examination, we conducted face-to-face interviews with each participant to fill in the questionnaires. ", "To reduce the possibility of bias, before the formal investigation began pilot testing was conducted, checking the reliability of the method. ", "The investigator gave out the questionnaire in person and clarified the purpose, meaning and content of the study. ", "The questionnaire was completed anonymously and collected immediately upon completion.", "\n\n2.4. ", "Statistical Methods {#sec2dot4-ijerph-15-00842}\n------------------------\n\nStatistical analysis was performed with SPSS 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). ", "All measurement data were presented as the mean *±* standard deviation. ", "The *t*-test was used for pairwise comparisons. ", "A Chi-square test was used for the inter-group comparisons. ", "The multivariate analysis was performed by using a logistic regression. ", "The significance level (α) was set at 0.05.", "\n\n3. ", "Results {#sec3-ijerph-15-00842}\n==========\n\n3.1. ", "General Demographic Characteristics of Oil Workers {#sec3dot1-ijerph-15-00842}\n-------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe average age of the subjects was 37.90 ± 9.19 years, and the average of number of working years was 17.04 ± 11.54 ([Table 1](#ijerph-15-00842-t001){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\n3.2. ", "The Total Prevalence of MSDs symptoms to the Lower Back, Shoulder and Neck {#sec3dot2-ijerph-15-00842}\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nIn this survey, 1639 oil workers suffered from MSDs in the last year, the prevalence being 84.7%. ", "Among them, 1593 people suffered from back pain or discomfort (prevalence was 82.33%), 1477 people with neck and shoulder discomfort (prevalence was 76.33%), 5.99% (116) of subjects had hand or arm discomfort, 2.38% (46) had leg or foot discomfort, and 7.63% (148) had discomfort in other parts of the body ([Table 2](#ijerph-15-00842-t002){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\n3.3. ", "Prevalence of MSDs Symptoms of Oil Workers in Different Populations {#sec3dot3-ijerph-15-00842}\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nIn the investigation of the prevalence of MSDs in the oil workers, there were significant differences between different sexes, ages, types of work, number of working years, titles, education levels, marital status and incomes (*p* \\< 0.05). ", "However, no significant difference was observed between different nationalities and shift workers in the prevalence of MSDs (*p* \\> 0.05). ", "The results showed that the detection rate of disorders in female oil workers was higher than that of males. ", "The detection rate of oil workers' disorders between the ages of 30--45 years was higher than that of the other two age groups. ", "The detection rate in oil transportation workers was higher than the other two groups. ", "The detection rate in oil workers who had been working for 10 to 25 years was higher than the other two groups. ", "The detection rate in oil workers with high occupational titles was higher than that in lower-status oil workers. ", "The detection rate in oil workers with low qualifications was higher than that in more highly educated workers. ", "The detection rate in divorced oil workers was higher than other groups, and the detection rate in 3000--4500 income oil workers was higher than other groups. ([", "Table 3](#ijerph-15-00842-t003){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\n3.4. ", "Effects of MSDs on the Working Ability of Oil Workers {#sec3dot4-ijerph-15-00842}\n----------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe MSDs caused by labor load and posture load of oil workers is bound to lead to a decrease in working ability. ", "The WAI scores of the subjects with MSDs were significantly lower than for the subjects without MSDs (*p* \\< 0.05). ", "The results showed that MSDs had an influence on workers' working ability ([Table 4](#ijerph-15-00842-t004){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\n3.5. ", "Exploration of Factors Influencing MSDs {#sec3dot5-ijerph-15-00842}\n--------------------------------------------\n\nThe effects of different population characteristics and working ability on MSDs of oil workers were analyzed by logistic regression. ", "Sex, number of working years, and WAI entered into the regression equation (*p* \\< 0.05). ", "The results revealed that all these variables had an effect on MSDs ([Table 5](#ijerph-15-00842-t005){ref-type=\"table\"} and [Table 6](#ijerph-15-00842-t006){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\n4. ", "Discussion {#sec4-ijerph-15-00842}\n=============\n\nThe main clinical manifestations of MSDs are pain and movement disorders. ", "It has a high prevalence among occupational populations. ", "Barzideh reported that 89.9% of nurses have experienced symptoms of these disorders in one or more parts of their musculoskeletal systems in the past 12 years with backache being the most common problem (61.8%) \\[[@B36-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "A study on the crew of MSDs in Venezuelan oil tanker crews showed that the prevalence of MSDs in crews was 82% \\[[@B1-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "The prevalence of MSDs in China was 20\\~90%, and individual industries even exceed 90% \\[[@B37-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "MSDs not only seriously affects the health status, working ability and quality of life of professional people, but also brings a huge economic burden on the country and society \\[[@B38-ijerph-15-00842]\\].", "\n\nAs the pillar industry of the Chinese national economy, the oil industry has brought economic benefits to the country and the society. ", "Through the exploration, mining, refining, transportation and sale of oil, these companies produce huge economic benefits, increasing the government's tax revenue and making a great contribution to the development of the country at same time. ", "The petroleum industry is becoming more and more important in the world today. ", "The physical and mental health of the oil workers, and their working ability, are directly related to the development of the oil industry. ", "In the present study, there were differences in the musculoskeletal injuries among the workers with different working abilities, with the detection rate of MSDs being higher in the low ability group. ", "MSDs in the workers have a great influence on their ability to work.", "\n\nBecause of the high workload and hard working conditions, the oil workers are the main population in which MSDs occur. ", "The survey showed that the main areas of MSDs were the back of the waist (83.74%), neck and shoulder (78.01%), or both (75.78%). ", "The results showed that the MSDs suffered by oil workers are serious.", "\n\nA studies have shown that with age and number of working years, the incidence of MSDs increases, and that there are also differences between men and women \\[[@B39-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "Our results showed that the detection rates of waist, neck and shoulder disorders in female oil workers were higher than that in male workers, which might be related to men's muscles being more developed than women, with male muscle fiber tissue being thicker and containing less water, so the female musculoskeletal system is more prone to damage than the male one. ", "With respect to type of work, the oil transportation workers' MSDs detection rate is higher than other types of oil workers. ", "The transportation workers are mainly responsible for conveying crude and refined oil. ", "The working environment is relatively hard, working time is not fixed, and work tasks are heavy. ", "Most of the oil industry implements the shift system. ", "In general, according to the condition of type of work, the distance between the operating area and the urban area, work tasks and so on requires workers to work in the field for a period of time (usually 1 to 6 months) and then go home to rest for some time regularly, then this is repeated. ", "The working conditions for oil workers can be harsh, labor intensity is relatively great, and workers are frequently exposed to harmful working environments such as dust, noise and bad weather conditions. ", "Long-term accumulation of these harmful factors can easily lead to the emergence of some physiological and psychological stress, causing occupational stress \\[[@B40-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "Divorced oil workers' MSDs were the most serious. ", "The reason might be that after divorce life stresses are relatively great, and the support from the family is relatively low. ", "However, divorced workers not only need to complete the task of work, but also to fulfill their responsibility to the family. ", "In addition, their rest time is relatively lower than other workers \\[[@B36-ijerph-15-00842]\\].", "\n\nThe oil worker's musculoskeletal system is in a high load condition for a long time and cannot be relieved, causing neck, back pain and other musculoskeletal discomfort. ", "Beyond that, as the oil workers' work pressure is heavy, work rest time is not regular, and they cannot obtain reasonably early treatment of disorders, over time their working habits and working ability are affected. ", "The external load can cause tissue changes though tissue fatigue, and tissue damage can occur if the load inside the tissue exceeds the mechanical tolerance or the resistance of the tissue structure \\[[@B41-ijerph-15-00842],[@B42-ijerph-15-00842],[@B43-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "When the muscles and ligaments bear more than the tension threshold, the bone and joint surface can also produce considerable force, resulting in mechanical damage. ", "These injuries can be caused by an excessive pressure, but also may be due to repetitive strain and cannot be alleviated in time. ", "The neck being in flexion, extension, scoliosis and twisting and other bad postures, or repetitive turning and bending, can cause skeletal muscle fatigue, resulting in neck or waist damage, including lesions \\[[@B44-ijerph-15-00842]\\].", "\n\nMost of the oil exploitation is in the uninhabited desert, where medical and recreational facilities are crude. ", "Oil workers work in harsh conditions and need to face temporary separation from family and friends. ", "Also, many of them are migrant workers, who are not familiar with the surrounding environment and cannot communicate well with their co-workers, and therefore psychological stress is relatively great \\[[@B45-ijerph-15-00842],[@B46-ijerph-15-00842]\\]. ", "In addition, due to improper work posture, MSDs often occurs, and the health awareness of oil workers is relatively poor, so few workers will choose to seek medical advice, or cannot get to hospital in a timely manner, compliance is low, not cooperate with the treatment, and all these factors mean that oil workers have a higher prevalence of MSDs. ", "Therefore, to improve the occupational quality of life of the workers, it is necessary to improve their working environment and living security, to enable them to carry out a variety of cultural and recreational activities, and adjust the operating cycle and shift system.", "\n\nWe recognize that there are limitations associated with our study. ", "It is not known if these results can be extrapolated to other regions of China, other countries or other industries. ", "The underlying mechanisms through which MSDs operate on work ability is still not very clear and the study accuracy needed to be verified by perspective studies. ", "In future, further studies with even large sample sizes are needed.", "\n\n5. ", "Conclusions {#sec5-ijerph-15-00842}\n==============\n\nIn conclusion, this study found due to the demands of their role, the MSDs suffered by oil workers are serious and sex, age, type of work, number of working years, education level, and marital status are the influencing factors. ", "In addition, MSDs had an influence on workers' working ability. ", "Measures should be taken to help lessen the burden on MSDs and improve the man-machine environment of oil workers.", "\n\nThe study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Numbers: 81260425). ", "The authors thank all participants and investigators.", "\n\nHua Ge, Xuemei Sun, Chen Zhang, Jiwen Liu conceived and designed the study; Hua Ge, Xuemei Sun contributed to acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; Hua Ge, Xuemei Sun, Chen Zhang, Jiwen Liu were involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content. ", "All authors discussed and approval the manuscript.", "\n\nThe authors declare no conflict of interest.", "\n\nijerph-15-00842-t001_Table 1\n\n###### \n\nThe oil workers' population characteristics.", "\n\n Items Groups Case Number Percentage (%)\n ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------------- ----------------\n Sex Male 1078 55.7\n Female 857 44.3 \n Ethnicity Han 1527 78.9\n Uygur 302 15.6 \n Other 106 5.5 \n Age (years) \\<30 573 29.6\n 30--45 914 47.2 \n \\>45 448 23.2 \n Type of work Oil production workers 588 30.4\n Oil transportation workers 340 17.6 \n Oil refining workers 1007 52.0 \n Number of working years \\<10 763 39.4\n 10--25 549 28.4 \n \\>25 623 32.2 \n Title None 657 34.0\n Primary 311 16.1 \n Intermediate 344 17.8 \n Deputy senior and advanced 623 32.2 \n Work shift Fixed day shift 717 37.1\n Work in shifts 689 35.6 \n Other 529 27.3 \n Education level Secondary technical school or college and less 1471 76.0\n University and above 464 24.0 \n Marital status Unmarried 428 22.1\n Married 1374 71.0 \n Divorced 117 6.0 \n Widowed 16 0.8 \n Income (yuan) \\<3000 628 32.5\n 3000--4500 880 45.5 \n ≥4500 427 22.1 \n\nijerph-15-00842-t002_Table 2\n\n###### \n\nThe oil workers' MSDs symptoms.", "\n\n Disorders Site No Damage (%) Damage (%)\n ------------------- --------------- --------------\n MSDs 296 (15.29) 1639 (84.70)\n Waist and back 342 (17.67) 1593 (82.33)\n Neck and shoulder 458 (23.67) 1477 (76.33)\n Hand/arm 1819 (94.00) 116 (5.99)\n Leg/foot 1889 (97.62) 46 (2.38)\n Others 1787 (92.35) 148 (7.63)\n\nijerph-15-00842-t003_Table 3\n\n###### \n\nPrevalence of MSDs symptoms of Oil Workers in Different Populations.", "\n\n Items Groups Low Back Pain (%) Chi-Square Value *p*-Value Neck Shoulder Pain (%) Chi-Square Value *p*-Value\n ---------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------------------- ------------------ ----------- ------------------------ ------------------ -----------\n Sex Male 846 (78.47) 24.75 \\<0.01 751 (69.66) 33.76 \\<0.01\n Female 747 (87.16) 696 (81.21) \n Ethnicity Han 1264 (82.77) 1.57 0.456 1147 (75.11) 1.06 0.588\n Uygur 241 (79.80) 219 (72.51) \n Other 88 (83.01) 81 (76.41) \n Age (years) \\<30 435 (75.92) 25.22 \\<0.01 371 (64.75) 51.19 \\<0.01\n 30--45 787 (86.11) 743 (81.29) \n \\>45 371 (82.81) 333 (74.33) \n Type of work Oil production workers 325 (55.27) 42.58 \\<0.01 517 (87.92) 83.6 \\<0.01\n Oil transportation workers 280 (82.64) 252 (74.12) \n Oil refining workers 781 (77.56) 678 (67.32) \n Number of working years \\<10 599 (78.50) 12.76 0.002 521 (68.28) 32.98 \\<0.01\n 10--25 468 (85.24) 450 (81.96) \n \\>25 526 (84.43) 476 (76.40) \n Title None 507 (77.17) 21.18 \\<0.01 441 (67.12) 32.32 \\<0.01\n Primary 266 (85.53) 243 (78.13) \n Intermediate 282 (81.97) 264 (76.74) \n Deputy senior and advanced 538 (86.35) 499 (80.09) \n Work shift Fixed day shift 587 (81.86) 0.163 0.992 526 (73.36) 1.234 0.54\n Work in shifts 569 (82.58) 520 (75.47) \n Other 437 (82.61) 401 (75.80) \n Education level Secondary technical school or college and less 1232 (83.75) 8.59 0.003 1124 (76.41) 8.69 0.003\n University and above 361 (77.80) 323 (69.61) \n Marital status Unmarried 315 (73.59) 37.49 \\<0.01 274 (64.01) 46.92 \\<0.01\n Married 1158 (84.28) 1059 (77.07) \n Divorced 109 (93.16) 105 (89.74) \n Widowed 11 (68.75) 9 (56.25) \n Income (yuan) \\<3000 477 (75.95) 28.62 \\<0.01 409 (65.12) 50.15 \\<0.01\n 3000--4500 762 (86.59) 714 (81.13) \n ≥4500 354 (82.90) 324 (75.87) \n\nijerph-15-00842-t004_Table 4\n\n###### \n\nComparison of WAI scores in those with and without musculoskeletal injuries.", "\n\n Index Low Back Pain Neck and Shoulder Pain \n ----------- --------------- ------------------------ -------------- --------------\n WAI score 36.46 ± 4.76 32.58 ± 5.21 39.53 ± 5.19 32.37 ± 5.09\n *t* value 11.01 11.639 \n *p*-value \\<0.01 \\<0.01 \n\nNotes: WAI = Work Ability Index.", "\n\nijerph-15-00842-t005_Table 5\n\n###### \n\nAssignment of factors specific points.", "\n\n Variable Name Assignment\n ---------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------\n y MSDs 0 = no, 1 = yes\n x1 Sex 1 = male, 2 = female\n x2 Age 1 = \\<30 years, 2 = 30--45 years, 3 = \\>45 years\n x3 Education level 1 = college and above, 2 = college or lower\n x4 Marital status 1 = unmarried, 2 = married, 3 = divorced, 4 = widowed, 5 = remarried\n x5 Income 1 = \\<3000 yuan 2 = 3000--4000 yuan, 3 = \\>4500 yuan\n x6 Type of work 1 = drilling, 2 = oil, 3 = oil recovery\n x7 Number of working years 1 = \\<10 years, 2 = 10--25 years, 3 = \\>25 years\n x8 Title 1 = none, 2 = primary, 3 = intermediate, 4 = vice advanced and advanced\n x9 The Work Ability Index (WAI) 1 = poor working ability, 2 = work ability, 3 = high working ability\n\nijerph-15-00842-t006_Table 6\n\n###### \n\nThe effects of oil workers' MSDs factors according to the results of the logistic regression analysis.", "\n\n Variable β OR 95%CI Chi-Square Value *p*-Value\n ------------------------- -------- ------- -------------- ------------------ -----------\n Sex 0.586 1.796 1.365--2.364 17.486 \\<0.01\n Age 0.012 1.012 0.978--1.046 0.457 0.499\n Education level −0.22 0.803 0.587--1.098 1.885 0.17\n Marital status 0.221 0.802 0.326--1.970 0.231 0.63\n Income 0.03 1.031 0.833--1.276 0.077 0.782\n Type of work −0.199 0.82 0.578--1.163 1.237 0.266\n Number of working years −0.421 0.656 0.555--0.775 24.36 \\<0.01\n Title 0.047 1.049 0.929--1.184 0.588 0.443\n WAI −0.974 0.377 0.293--0.486 6.955 \\<0.01\n\nNotes: OR = Odds ratios; 95% CI = 95% confidence intervals.", "\n\n[^1]: These authors contributed equally to this work.", "\n" ]

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[ "Half-size models on display in Shibuya I.G. Store\n\nTwo years ago, the Ghost in the Shell Realize Project launched with the aim of recreating aspects of the futuristic, technologically advanced world of Ghost in the Shell. ", "Its focus this year has been on developing half-size Tachikoma, the four-legged, spider-like blue robots from the manga/anime series. ", "A demonstration of what the project has developed so far was given for the media in Tokyo on December 22.", "\n\nThe project's current goals is to have the half-size Tachikoma available in stores for use as customer service. ", "They will be able to greet customers and hand over their purchases. ", "They will be controlled through customers' individual smartphone apps. ", "The app, Virtual Agent Tachikoma, lets you raise your own Tachikoma and give it the personality type and lines you desire. ", "When customers go to the store, their in-app Tachikoma will synch with the in-store Tachikoma and transfer the personality. ", "The developers stated that \"as a result of safety considerations,\" the Tachikoma will be only half-independent.", "\n\n\n\n\n\nReo Matsumura, one of the developers, told journalists that maintaining the robot's balance during movement was the hardest part so far. ", "He took cues from F-1 cars in developing a robot that only weighs 65 kg (143 pounds) despite measuring about 1.5 meters (five feet) in length.", "\n\nThe project team explained that they wanted to \"destroy the present state of affairs, where there's no robot infrastructure,\" and thought of how to \"introduce the robot that users are requesting.\" ", "The estimated date of completion is March 2018. ", "Sakiko Tamagawa, who voiced the Tachikoma in Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex, will record their lines. ", "Until then, a model will be on display at the I.G. store in Shibuya Marui until January 15. ", "It will then move to the I.G. Store in the Asia-Pacific Trade Center in Osaka until January 30, then elsewhere in Osaka until February 12.", "\n\n\n\n\n\nSources: Anime! ", "Anime!: ", "Shizuku Tsukino and Netlab: Kikka" ]

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[ "Update: Red Dead Redemption 2 is official and there's a trailer out right now. ", "You can watch the first Red Dead Redemption 2 trailer here. ", "Below is the original story of the map leak we reported on back in April 2016.", "\n\nOriginal: The map for Rockstar's upcoming Red Dead Redemption 2 has leaked online, and been confirmed by our own independent source.", "\n\nThe map was posted to NeoGaf by someone claiming to have received it from a source, before hastily pulling it down. ", "But this being the internet, the map had already been immortalised, although many commenters questioned its legitimacy.", "\n\nA source close to the development of the new Red Dead game has now confirmed to us that the map is indeed the real deal, revealing that this is a \"very recent\" art direction map for the upcoming title.", "\n\nThey also confirmed that the game will be set before the events of Redemption, and that the new map is just east of the one that featured in Red Dead Redemption.", "\n\nIf you look at the bottom left (click to zoom) you'll see the Great Plains, home to the Blackwater settlement that sits at the top right of the Red Dead Redemption map - so you can see how the two come together. ", "The lack of a railroad in the Great Plains, which featured in RDR, also points to this being earlier in the timeline.", "\n\nLeft image credit: Red Dead Wiki/Jonathan T. Flinn\n\nThe new map also reveals that there will be caravan camps scattered around, again suggesting this will be a less occupied West. ", "The overarching theme of Red Dead Redemption was the \"death of the West\", so a prequel, rather than a sequel, makes sense.", "\n\nThe inclusion of New Bordeaux - bottom right - is another interesting inclusion. ", "Mafia 3, which will be published by Red Dead Redemption publisher Take-Two Interactive later this year, will be based in New Bordeaux, a fictional location based on New Orleans. ", "It will be interesting to see how much crossover there will be between the two games, but it also suggests we'll get some swampy areas in Red Dead 2.", "\n\nWe're also interested to see the inclusion of islands. ", "Although you weren't able to swim in Red Dead Redemption, the map makes us wonder if it's a feature that Rockstar has added to the next game.", "\n\nWhile we've referred to the upcoming game as Red Dead Redemption 2, the name is currently unknown - so start your guesses. ", "Red Dead Retribution sounds good to us.", "\n\nWe've heard murmurings about the new Red Dead game for some time. ", "Two years ago, during an analyst conference, Take-Two CEO Strauss Zelnick said \"it seems quite obvious that Red Dead is a permanent franchise\".", "\n\nRockstar did not respond to our request for comment on this story.", "\n\nWe recently revealed that Grand Theft Auto 6 is already in production, and that Rockstar had at one point seriously considered setting a GTA game in Tokyo." ]

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[ "West Bromwich Albion manager Tony Pulis has taken his frustration over international breaks to a new level by sensationally suggesting countries pay his players' wages when they are away.", "\n\nPulis also said foreign governing bodies should cough up compensation if a player returns to his club injured following an international fixture.", "\n\nThe embattled boss made the comments as he contemplated losing Venezuela striker Salomon Rondon, Albion's match-winner at Norwich City on Saturday, for another two weeks of the season next month.", "\n\nPulis has been left without up to 11 of his star players for four of the 12 weeks of the campaign to date, and the Baggies boss believes something should be done to minimise and ease the disruption.", "\n\nDarren Fletcher of West Bromwich Albion celebrates his team's 1-0 win\n\n\"It's got to be looked at because it's got to a stage where they're away so long now,\" he said.", "\n\n\"My argument is that if international teams want these players then they should pay their wages for those weeks.", "\n\n\"And if they come back injured then they should pay compensation.", "\n\n\"It's been banded around that if you want international games then play them at the end of the season then see if the players want to go so readily at the end of the season when they're going to miss their families.", "\n\n\"I think if the quality is there (in the overseas transfer market) you have to take it and then try and manage it.\"", "\n\nPulis was however the first to admit his radical proposals were unlikely to find favour with authorities not just at home, but abroad.", "\n\n\"We've got absolutely no chance,\" he said.", "\n\n\"It's obviously the Premier League and the FA, all the governing bodies - our own governing bodies not UEFA or FIFA, who have to try and change the situation because sometimes it's really ridiculous.", "\n\n\"Then they go away on friendlies as well which again I find amazing.\"", "\n\nAlbion host Leicester City on Saturday and then visit Manchester United the following weekend after which Rondon will once again jet off on the 12-hour plane journey to his homeland for World Cup qualifiers against Bolivia and Ecuador.", "\n\nHis goal at Carrow Road was only his second since his club-record £12 million summer switch from Zenit St Petersburg.", "\n\nWest Bromwich Albion's Salomon Rondon celebrates scoring\n\nBut like his first at Stoke in September, it was the only goal of the game and made the difference between a draw and win.", "\n\nPulis added: \"He's a good lad, he's mixed in with the players really well.", "\n\n\"I wish he was scoring the fifth or sixth in a game, but I think for him just scoring goals is important.", "\n\n\"I think there's still more to come.\"", "\n\nAt Norwich, Rondon delivered one of is finest displays in an Albion shirt in what was arguably West Brom's most accomplished team performance this term.", "\n\nStephane Sessegnon of West Bromwich Albion and Dieumerci Mbokani of Norwich City\n\nAnd Pulis was also quick to acknowledge the role of his wide men James McClean and Stephane Sessegnon in adding some much-needed creativity and attacking prowess.", "\n\n\"I thought McClean was outstanding and Sessegnon has given us more of a threat down the right-hand side as well,\" the Welshman added." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nError installing MVVMCross from nuget into a PCL\n\nWhen I try to install MvvmCross into a new PCL I receive an error. ", "The console log is below:\nPackage Manager Console Host Version 2.5.40416.9020\n\nType 'get-help NuGet' to see all available NuGet commands.", "\n\nPM> install-package MvvmCross\nAttempting to resolve dependency 'MvvmCross.", "HotTuna.", "StarterPack (≥ 3.0.6)'.", "\nAttempting to resolve dependency 'MvvmCross.", "HotTuna.", "CrossCore (≥ 3.0.6)'.", "\n``Attempting to resolve dependency 'MvvmCross.", "PortableSupport (≥ 3.0.6)'.", "\nInstalling 'MvvmCross.", "PortableSupport 3.0.6'.", "\nSuccessfully installed 'MvvmCross.", "PortableSupport 3.0.6'.", "\nInstalling 'MvvmCross.", "HotTuna.", "CrossCore 3.0.6'.", "\nSuccessfully installed 'MvvmCross.", "HotTuna.", "CrossCore 3.0.6'.", "\nInstalling 'MvvmCross.", "HotTuna.", "StarterPack 3.0.6'.", "\nSuccessfully installed 'MvvmCross.", "HotTuna.", "StarterPack 3.0.6'.", "\nInstalling 'MvvmCross 3.0.6'.", "\nSuccessfully installed 'MvvmCross 3.0.6'.", "\nAdding 'MvvmCross.", "PortableSupport 3.0.6' to Clevermed.", "Badger.", "Mobile.", "Core.", "\nUninstalling 'MvvmCross.", "PortableSupport 3.0.6'.", "\nSuccessfully uninstalled 'MvvmCross.", "PortableSupport 3.0.6'.", "\nInstall failed. ", "Rolling back...\ninstall-package : Specified argument was out of the range of valid values.", "\nParameter name: supportedFrameworks\nAt line:1 char:1\n+ install-package MvvmCross\n+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n+ CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [Install-Package], ArgumentOutOfRangeException\n+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : NuGetCmdletUnhandledException,NuGet.", "PowerShell.", "Commands.", "InstallPackageCommand\n\nI'm using Profile104 as described in http://slodge.blogspot.com/2013/04/my-current-pcl-setup-in-visual-studio.html\nThis is a similar but separate error to MvvMCross 3.0.6 Nuget package installation issue \nFurthermore, if I right click on the solution and 'Manage NuGet packages' I receive the error 'Specified argument was out of the range of valid values. ", "Parameter name: supportedFrameworks'.", "\nAny ideas how I can debug this further?", "\n\nA:\n\nI'm not sure how, but I had an empty Profile104 folder in C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Reference Assemblies\\Microsoft\\Framework.", "NETPortable\\v4.5\\Profile \nProbably a left over form my first attempts.", "\nRemoving this empty directory allowed the installation to complete without error.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Tetralogy of Fallot, cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, and anomalies of great vessels in fetuses and neonates of WKY/NCrj rats.", "\nWe examined anatomically the hearts, lungs, and great vessels of 269 WKY/NCrj rats at three fetal and three neonatal stages. ", "Severe pulmonary valve thickening was present in 16 and ventricular septal defects with overriding of the aorta in 15 of the 90 near-term fetuses and in 10 and nine, respectively, of the 79 neonates at 2-4 d of age. ", "These abnormalities occurred together (tetralogy of Fallot) in seven of the near-term fetuses and in five of the neonates. ", "A narrow pulmonary outflow tract was present in 55% of the fetuses and in 56% of the neonates. ", "The wall of the pulmonary arterial branch was abnormally thick in 19% of the fetuses and in 26% of the neonates, most of which did not have septal defects. ", "In about 80% of the fetuses, the middle latitudinal muscle bundle of the ventricular septum was not continuous with the left ventricular free wall, but rather with the right; after birth, it was discontinuous with both free walls. ", "The heart was abnormally heavy in 49% of the 79 neonates. ", "In about half of the heavy hearts, there were no septal defects or pulmonary valvular and arterial lesions. ", "There were double aortic arches in four and right aortic arches in six of the total WKY fetuses and neonates; the ductus arteriosus was abnormally small in 47% and the aorta was large in 51% of the near-term fetuses. ", "This constellation of congenital heart disease is genetic in origin, but altered by hemodynamics late in fetal life." ]

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[ " (5/21)/(4/6).", "\n140\nSuppose 3*a = -5*n + 4, n - 5 = -2*a - 0*a. ", "Let b = 2664/11 + -241. ", "Find the common denominator of (a/(-4))/(9/226) and b.\n66\nSuppose 0 = -3*r + 4*r + 4*i + 12, -12 = 4*i. ", "Suppose 0*w - 4*w = r. Calculate the common denominator of w and (-32)/(-180) - (-6)/10.", "\n9\nLet j be 2*(-1 + 2802/(-16)). ", "Let b = 333 + j. Calculate the common denominator of b and -53/6.", "\n12\nFind the common denominator of 17/18 and (-105)/48 + -6 + 3.", "\n144\nLet f = 36 + -28. ", "Calculate the least common multiple of f and 11.", "\n88\nSuppose -6 = s - 3*i, -2*i + 0 = s + 1. ", "Let r(w) = -w**2 + 4. ", "Let g be r(s). ", "What is the common denominator of -2 - g*22/12 and -97/6?", "\n6\nSuppose -5*g + 0*g = 4*o - 5, 2*o - 4 = -2*g. ", "What is the common denominator of ((-17)/o)/((-6)/15) and 17/10?", "\n10\nSuppose -465*o + 460*o = -20. ", "What is the smallest common multiple of o and 28?", "\n28\nLet j = 398 + -815/2. ", "What is the common denominator of (-1)/(4/(-113)) - 3 and j?", "\n4\nSuppose -3 = -4*b + 9. ", "Suppose 3*v - 3*w = -135, -3*v - b*w = w + 114. ", "What is the common denominator of -85/8 and (-2)/7 - (-569)/v?", "\n24\nLet b = -21187/10 - -2115. ", "What is the common denominator of b and 57/2?", "\n10\nLet x = -8 + 9. ", "Suppose 4*l + x - 17 = 0. ", "What is the least common multiple of l and 1?", "\n4\nLet z be 24 + 2*(1 - 2). ", "Let a = z - 11. ", "Let h = a + -7. ", "What is the lowest common multiple of 4 and h?", "\n4\nCalculate the common denominator of -32/3 and 6/(-25)*40/(-12).", "\n15\nLet m = 967/532 - 45/28. ", "What is the common denominator of m and 41/8?", "\n152\nWhat is the common denominator of -47/16 and (59/5)/(10/35*7)?", "\n80\nSuppose 4*u - 109 = 11. ", "What is the lowest common multiple of u and 21?", "\n210\nLet u be 7000/21*(-39)/11. ", "Let t = 1820 - 640. ", "Let q = u + t. Find the common denominator of q and 87/4.", "\n44\nLet q(h) = h**3 - h**2 - h - 9. ", "What is the least common multiple of 45 and q(3)?", "\n90\nFind the common denominator of 174/28 + 0 - 0 and (-2)/3 + 570/(-144).", "\n56\nLet t = -78/163897 - -1181057616/33271091. ", "Let i = t - -1/406. ", "Find the common denominator of i and 73/8.", "\n8\nLet u = 2/1615 + 37141/3230. ", "Suppose 0 = -5*x - 94 + 864. ", "What is the common denominator of -1 + 1 - x/16 and u?", "\n8\nLet f = -21863/6 + 3664. ", "Find the common denominator of 95/12 and f.\n12\nSuppose -b = 4*r - 63, 4*r - 36 = -3*b + 25. ", "Calculate the least common multiple of 14 and r.\n112\nLet y = 5505/749 - 68/107. ", "What is the common denominator of -77/4 and y?", "\n28\nLet v(q) = 20*q**2 + 10*q + 3. ", "Let u be v(-11). ", "Let s = -6872/3 + u. Calculate the common denominator of ((-2)/10)/(1/22) and s.\n15\nLet r = 5 + -3. ", "Suppose -r*y + 5*y - 4*l = 27, 0 = y + 4*l - 9. ", "Let d = -15 + 22. ", "Calculate the least common multiple of y and d.\n63\nLet y be (3 - 0)*2/(-3). ", "Let s be -1 - (y - 3/(-3)). ", "Find the common denominator of -73/4 and (s + 3)/(-36)*-7.", "\n12\nLet o be (0/(-2))/(1/(-1)). ", "Suppose 6 = n - o. Let t(h) = -2*h**3 - 4*h**2 - 3*h - 2. ", "What is the least common multiple of t(-2) and n?", "\n12\nLet o = -596 + 295. ", "Let h = -1513/5 - o. Let j = -541/1197 + 1/133. ", "Calculate the common denominator of h and j.\n45\nWhat is the common denominator of -7/33 and -13*(51/18 - 4)?", "\n66\nWhat is the common denominator of 85/12 and 2/(-9) + 220/126?", "\n84\nLet b(h) = 3*h**2 - 24*h + 3. ", "Let d(t) = -2*t**2 + 16*t - 2. ", "Let g(p) = -5*b(p) - 7*d(p). ", "Calculate the smallest common multiple of g(7) and 4.", "\n12\nLet t(p) = 6*p - 6. ", "What is the smallest common multiple of t(4) and 22?", "\n198\nLet d = -11 - -23. ", "Calculate the lowest common multiple of 18 and d.\n36\nLet n(z) = -z**2 - 11*z + 17. ", "What is the smallest common multiple of n(-12) and 1?", "\n5\nLet r = -644/3 - -835/4. ", "Calculate the common denominator of r and (-145)/6 + (1 - 0).", "\n12\nLet x be 5/(-3)*54/(-45). ", "Suppose 2*p = -u + 14, -2*u + 2 = u - x*p. ", "What is the least common multiple of u and 9?", "\n36\nCalculate the common denominator of 4/5 and (-38)/(-20) - (-7 + 7).", "\n10\nLet h be (2/4)/((-2)/(-4)). ", "Let r be (-3 + h)/((-8)/(-1538)). ", "Let i = 357 + r. Find the common denominator of -16/9 and i.\n18\nLet k = 218 - 3439/16. ", "Let w = -218/39 - -1577/624. ", "Calculate the common denominator of w and k.\n16\nLet h = -57866 - -1735799/30. ", "What is the common denominator of h and 47/12?", "\n60\nLet t = -10 - -40. ", "Let z = 173 - 157. ", "What is the least common multiple of (t/3)/(1/2) and z?", "\n80\nLet s be 3/(-72)*1756/3. ", "Let x = 110/9 + s. What is the common denominator of (-2)/(-1) + 375/(-36) and x?", "\n12\nLet o = 34 - 25. ", "Let r be 2/(2 - (-80)/(-38)). ", "Let s = r - -30. ", "What is the smallest common multiple of o and s?", "\n99\nSuppose 123 = h + 117. ", "What is the lowest common multiple of 6 and h?", "\n6\nLet u(x) = 8*x**3 - 16*x**2 + 10*x + 4. ", "Let a be u(10). ", "Let y = a + -64971/10. ", "Find the common denominator of -59/7 and y.\n70\nSuppose -25 = 18*c - 23*c. ", "Calculate the smallest common multiple of c and 83.", "\n415\nCalculate the common denominator of -103/14 and -2 - (81/22 - 3).", "\n154\nSuppose -4*s + 6*s - 14 = 0. ", "Suppose -5*h + 0*h = -10. ", "Suppose -h*q + s = -q. ", "What is the least common multiple of 10 and q?", "\n70\nSuppose -3*r = -4*z - 72, 5*r - 3*r + z - 37 = 0. ", "Suppose -52 = -4*i + r. What is the least common multiple of i and 22?", "\n198\nLet j = 0 + 2. ", "Calculate the lowest common multiple of j and 8/60 + 290/75.", "\n4\nSuppose -4*c - 52 = 8. ", "Calculate the common denominator of 66/c + (1 - 3) and 9/8.", "\n40\nCalculate the common denominator of 77/8 and ((-28)/8)/7*73.", "\n8\nLet a = -139/144 - -7/9. ", "Let n = -5763/292 - 74/73. ", "Calculate the common denominator of n and a.\n16\nLet q = 877/3 - 4484/15. ", "Calculate the common denominator of (-4)/12 - (-257)/(-12) and q.\n20\nLet r(f) = f**2 - f - 9. ", "Calculate the smallest common multiple of 10 and r(-3).", "\n30\nSuppose r - 2*h - 5 = -4*h, 2*r - 17 = 3*h. ", "Suppose 5*x = -r*v + 2*v + 35, 3 = x - 3*v. ", "Calculate the smallest common multiple of 7 and x.\n42\nLet p = 570/13 + -904/39. ", "What is the common denominator of (-93)/14 - (-1)/(-2) and p?", "\n21\nLet s(d) = d**3 + 4*d**2 + 3. ", "Let r = 30 + -8. ", "Suppose -r = 3*k - 5*v, -v + 6*v = -4*k - 6. ", "Calculate the lowest common multiple of s(k) and 10.", "\n30\nLet m(z) = -z**3 - 6*z**2 - 7*z + 1. ", "Calculate the common denominator of 2/(-11) - (-2314)/(-220) and m(-6).", "\n10\nLet k be (-3 - 0)/(2/(-6)). ", "Let v = 6 + -3. ", "Calculate the lowest common multiple of v/9*(k - 0) and 3.", "\n3\nLet h(p) = -p. ", "Let f be h(6). ", "Let g be 0 + f - (2 + -1). ", "What is the smallest common multiple of 1/(-2)*-2 - g and 9?", "\n72\nLet m = -1 - -3. ", "Suppose -m*k = -5*k + 6. ", "What is the smallest common multiple of 14/6 + k/(-6) and 2?", "\n2\nSuppose 15 + 3 = 3*d. ", "Calculate the lowest common multiple of d and 20.", "\n60\nLet g = -1411/30 - -742/15. ", "Find the common denominator of 7/6 and g.\n30\nSuppose -54 = -a - 14. ", "Let d be 116/36 + (-2)/9. ", "Suppose f - a = -d*f. ", "Calculate the smallest common multiple of f and 2.", "\n10\nLet a = -99/191 + 9159/9932. ", "What is the common denominator of a and 2 - (-71)/16 - 2?", "\n208\nLet b(x) = -x**2 + x + 16. ", "Let c = -1 + 1. ", "Let r(h) = -2*h - 28. ", "Calculate the least common multiple of r(-21) and b(c).", "\n112\nLet o = -7 - -13. ", "What is the lowest common multiple of 9 and o?", "\n18\nSuppose -17 = -5*a + 13. ", "Calculate the common denominator of 174/88 - 2/8 and 0 - (1 + 177/a).", "\n22\nLet g = 17/18 - -26/9. ", "Calculate the common denominator of -58/3 and g.\n6\nLet n(y) = -y**2 - y + 6. ", "Let r be n(0). ", "Suppose 4*j + 5*x + 60 = 0, r*x - 3*x - 52 = 2*j. ", "What is the lowest common multiple of (48/j)/(3/(-10)) and 8?", "\n8\nLet f = 1035 - 3173/3. ", "What is the common denominator of f and (-2 + 0)/22*-19?", "\n33\nLet w = 10/77 - 1031/231. ", "Find the common denominator of w and -61/6.", "\n6\nFind the common denominator of 18/19 and (-15)/(-60) - (-178)/(-40).", "\n95\nLet u = -296/3 - -92. ", "What is the common denominator of u and -5*1 + 1377/187?", "\n33\nFind the common denominator of -11/12 and (-4)/(-9)*(-1001)/88.", "\n36\nLet l be 4/10 + 1014/15. ", "Suppose 14 = 2*j + 4. ", "Suppose j*k = 22 + l. Calculate the lowest common multiple of k and 10.", "\n90\nLet m be (8/30)/((-5)/50). ", "Let a = m - -1. ", "Find the common denominator of -69/8 and a.\n24\nLet v = -4 - -7. ", "What is the common denominator of (v/(-42))/(2/116) and 113/10?", "\n70\nLet l = 53393/8 + -6665. ", "Let h be (2/(-6))/(8/(-384)). ", "What is the common denominator of l and ((-37)/h)/(42/56)?", "\n24\nLet q = -2377/2 + 1152. ", "What is the common denominator of -15/16 and q?", "\n16\nLet t = -1330479/568172 + 10/12913. ", "Find the common denominator of t and -53/8.", "\n88\nLet u be (0" ]

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[ "Per Roberto Fico la crescita del Pil non serve a nulla\n\n«Dobbiamo superare questa rincorsa a tutti i costi nelle scelte politiche e legislative»\n\nIl Pil è l’indice che da sempre mostra le reazioni economiche di uno Stato alle norme, manovre e leggi attuate da un governo e dalla situazione internazionale. ", "Ora, con l’avvento del governo del cambiamento, tutto ciò sembra essere cambiato. ", "Se fino a qualche anno fa il Movimento 5 Stelle era pronto ad attaccare i vari governi sulla crescita economica dell’Italia, ora che sono loro al potere sembra esser tutto cambiato e anche un dato come quello del Prodotto Interno Lordo, che indica la ricchezza di un Paese, diventa un numero da non tenere in considerazione. ", "Quindi, chi se ne importa se il Bel Paese è in recessione, perché dal 1° giugno 2018 si è deciso che tutto ciò non vale più, come sostiene Roberto Fico.", "\n\n\n\n\n\n«Credo debba essere un obiettivo di tutti – ha spiegato il presidente della Camera dei deputati intervenendo al convegno intitolato ‘Transizione ecologica e solidale dell’economia’ – quello di proporre una visione ambiziosa e lungimirante che prospetti il superamento della logica della crescita a tutti i costi, del dominio assoluto, nelle scelte politiche e legislative, dei parametri legati unicamente all’andamento del PIL». ", "Dall’abolizione della povertà, dunque, all’abolizione del valore del prodotto interno lordo.", "\n\nRoberto Fico declassa l’utilità del Pil\n\nLa situazione italiana, dopo il taglio netto nelle previsioni di crescita stimato dalla Commissione Europea e dalle agenzie di Rating sia per il 2019 che per il 2020, non sembra interessare al rappresentante alla Camera del Movimento 5 Stelle, perché i piani per il futuro sono altri: «La direzione da seguire non può che essere quella di un modello sociale ed economico che sia basato sui principi della circolarità, della sostenibilità e del rispetto per l’ambiente – ha proseguito Roberto Fico -. ", "Di questi temi continueremo a parlare la prossima settima alla Camera dove si svolgerà un Convegno volto appunto a verificare in quale misura l’Italia si sta muovendo e dovrà muoversi per raggiungere gli obiettivi dell’Agenda 2030».", "\n\n\n\n\n\nL’Italia è un Paese più povero, ma facciamo finta di nulla\n\nNegare un problema non vuol dire risolverlo e mentre la maggioranza continua a gettare acqua sul fuoco – e fumo negli occhi degli italiani – parlando di nessuna necessità di attuare una Manovra correttiva, la distanza tra l’Italia e gli altri Paesi è sempre più evidente. ", "Il Prodotto interno lordo, ora bistrattato da Roberto Fico, è l’indice più rappresentativo della quantità di ricchezza e investimenti di uno Stato. ", "Far finta che sia un numero buttato a caso non è la soluzione.", "\n\n(foto di copertina: Antonio Balasco/Pacific Press via ZUMA Wire)\n\n\n\n" ]

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[ "Lifeless – A zombie co-op MMO\n\nLifeless, from Rigid-Soft and published by Green Man Gaming is an open world co-operative survival MMO set during a zombie apocalypse and is available in Early Access on Steam. ", "Come with me as I catch up with the creators to talk about the early release version and indie AAA gaming.", "\n\nhttps://youtu.be/OexzEVF2STk\n\nAhhhh, zombies! ", "They’re so difficult to kill during a functioning society, with a government, infrastructure, armies, aircraft and nuclear weapons, but strip all that away and plop a lone protagonist in amongst them, wearing nothing but a hospital gown, and in no time at all he’ll start tearing through them like a tornado that’s recently passed through a razor blade factory. ", "So, what’s so different about the zombies in ‘Lifeless’? ", "Nothing and that’s great, in ‘Lifeless’ you get to shoot, blast, hack and chop them into bloody lifeless (well . . . ", "even more lifeless) heaps. ", "What is different, though, is that you are also embroiled in a very human, but no less violent, civil war, between two very different factions. ", "To survive here you will need to find similar minded allies and work together to fight everything that comes at you, whether it is the undead, hunger, thirst or a crackpot despot trying to take control of your patch of rubble.", "\n\nThe very moment the title screen for ‘Lifeless’ flashed up I had to reach for my notes to double check that this was in fact from an indie developer and not a larger software house. ", "The graphics, sound and general feel of the game are very high quality for an indie game that is still in development. ", "Because Lifeless is still in Early Access, you can only get a feel for what the game will be like but so far it looks like Rigid-Soft are on to a winner.", "\n\nAt the start of the game you get to set up your character and choose a faction; Nova Guard (good guys, I think) or Spartan Phalanx (bad guys). ", "After this you are dropped into the middle of the wilderness with very little equipment to survive with. ", "Immediately, you have to scour the local area for weapons, food and water, whilst avoiding the undead (at least until you are armed). ", "You can then choose to meet up with your fellow online team mates or go it alone.", "\n\nYou progress your character by gaining XP through killing zombies and completing quests. ", "This allows you to unlock new skills and level up your current ones. ", "A skill tree, a host of customisable weapons and equipment further add to the layers of individualism your character has. ", "With promises of an economy, bountys and an immersive story line involving two warring factions (with very different ideologies), it doesn’t seem like there will be a shortage of things to do (or kill) in this zombie filled hell hole.", "\n\nSo far, the graphics are looking very impressive there are lots of moments, in between the action, when I caught myself thinking ‘that looks really good’. ", "The sound is good and the gameplay is really taking shape and currently plays well. ", "There are lots of melee weapons, pistols and automatic rifles and with lots of work benches lying around I’m hoping we’ll see some very unique weapons in the complete version. ", "The co-operative online play will hopefully become more essential as the game develops and I look forward to seeing the co-op quests. ", "The development road map lists some very exciting features such as an economy, bounties, advanced animations and improved graphics.", "\n\nAll this is pretty advanced for an indie production and I wonder how far off we are from a fully realised AAA indie game. ", "With the ready availability of high quality game engines (Unity5, Unreal4, CryEngine and Lumberyard to name a few) and ‘Indie’ publishers providing financial opportunities for Indie studios, which in turn leads to bigger budgets and more time/staff to work on a game, surely it’s just a matter of time before we see a AAA indie game (although, by that time, maybe the big studios will be making AAAA games).", "\n\nWith all this in mind, I thought I’d ask Kristoffer Blasiak (CEO and Co-founder of Rigid Soft, and one of the creators of Lifeless) about his game and his thoughts about AAA indie games.", "\n\nDrJK: There are various apocalyptic scenarios that you could have chosen for your game (e.g. war, natural disaster etc) why did you choose zombies?", "\n\nKristoffer: We chose zombies because we have a deep passion for the genre, and because they haven’t really been done properly in this genre (zombie survival mmo) yet! ", "We feel that the zombies have been played a bi-role in most games that have come before us, and we think that that’s a lot of wasted potential!", "\n\nDrJK: Why did you choose to use the Unreal4 engine over the other available game engines?", "\n\nKristoffer: Unreal Engine 4 was chosen mainly because of the technical specifications and the fact that it will fit perfectly for what we want to make. ", "Lifeless has a long way to go, and we feel confident that Unreal Engine 4, and Epic. ", "Will be able to help us get all the way there.", "\n\nDrJK: I was recently told that there are no AAA indie games and there never will be, how would you respond to that?", "\n\nKristoffer: That’s really dependent on your definition of AAA. ", "Some people see a AAA title as something that only a big developer can achieve. ", "And some people say a that a game is classified as AAA depending on how well made/graphics. ", "Personally I often go “Hey that looks pretty AAA” when I look at aspects of our game. ", "So I guess I would say that Indies can definitely create a AAA game. ", "But that’s really up to how you define a AAA game.", "\n\nDrJK: How was the development process?", "\n\nKristoffer: The development process has been long and has taught us a lot. ", "The highs are definitely when we make great progress and when we get to interact with the community. ", "Any time we get to go into a stream or talk with our fans on Twitter/Steam it is a huge boost for us. ", "The lows are usually when we have to sit to 5 am crunching on a patch, but then we just grab a coffee and turn on a Stream in the office. ", "And it all feels worth it.", "\n\nDrJK: What are your thoughts on ‘indie’ publishers?", "\n\nKristoffer: The future of the video game industry is going to be a mix of massive publishers pushing out great titles, and self published indie games which will sometimes rival the big guys. ", "I personally think it’s the way to go for the industry, as it makes it possible for certain individuals to create awesome things, that we would never get to experience otherwise. ", "We will see more and more independent studios grow up and develop games, self-publish them through platforms such as Steam and survive without the need of a publisher. ", "And this in turn will make the traditional publishers less needed.", "\n\nDrJK: What can we expect to see in ‘Lifeless’ in the next few months?", "\n\nKristoffer: Lots! ", "We have so much planned for Lifeless that it’s really hard to tell anyone within a reasonable timeframe, so I’ll refer you to our roadmap!", "\n\nHttp://lifelessgame.com/roadmap\n\nDrJK: Whats next for Rigid-Soft? ", "Anything new in the pipeline that you can tell us about?", "\n\nKristoffer: Lifeless. ", "We are focusing 100% of our resources and time to develop Lifeless and deliver the game we have all been waiting for!", "\n\nDrJK: Any advice for inspiring Indie developers?", "\n\nKristoffer: I like to say that if you want to succeed in anything in life, be it game development or anything else you need to be ready to put 110% of yourself into it. ", "If you do that, eventually you will succeed. ", "And don’t be afraid to fail, because if you don’t try you’ll never achieve anything. ", "And regarding more exact game development advice as an indie, don’t be afraid to put yourself out there. ", "If no one knows your game exists, then no one will ever play it!", "\n\nDrJK: Thanks a lot and good luck with the game.", "\n\nLifeless, from Rigid-Soft, is out in Early Access on Steam, you can also check it out on facebook. ", "If you have any questions for the developer you can also tweet @LifelessGame.", "\n\nShare this: Twitter\n\nFacebook\n\n\n\nLike this: Like Loading..." ]

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[ "Creal Springs, Illinois\n\nCreal Springs is a city in Williamson County, Illinois, United States. ", "The population was 543 at the 2010 census.", "\n\nGeography\nCreal Springs is located at (37.619805, -88.837699).", "\n\nAccording to the 2010 census, Creal Springs has a total area of , of which (or 99.4%) is land and (or 0.6%) is water.", "\n\nCreal Springs is located in southeastern Williamson County, on the north slope of the Shawnee Hills.", "\n\nHistory \n\nIn the early 19th century, Lusk's Ferry Road was an important road that connected Fort Kaskaskia with Lusk's Ferry on the Ohio River. ", "The original survey maps of Illinois show a short segment of this road south of Creal Springs, in Johnson County. ", "This old road most likely ran from Marion through Creal Springs before ascending to the summit of the Shawnee Hills. ", "The modern road running toward the southeast into Creal Springs may be the old road. ", "The road leading south out of Creal Springs toward Lake of Egypt links into the Wagon Creek Road, which leads to the segment mapped in the original survey. ", "Modern maps also show traces of an older road that ran south out of Creal Springs along a less direct line.", "\n\nThe route south out of Creal Springs lead to a difficult passage over the Shawnee Summit. ", "There was an easier, though longer, zigzag route east to New Burnside, southwest along modern U.S. Highway 45, and then back east to Reynoldsburg. ", "Creal Springs may at one time have served as the junction of these alternative routes.", "\n\nFrom 1884 to 1916, Creal Springs was the home of the Creal Springs Seminary, later the Creal Springs College and Conservatory of Music, which provided education at the preparatory, baccalaureate and master's levels.", "\n\nDemographics\n\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 702 people, 292 households, and 186 families residing in the city. ", "The population density was 709.1 people per square mile (273.8/km²). ", "There were 318 housing units at an average density of 321.2 per square mile (124.0/km²). ", "The racial makeup of the city was 97.29% White, 0.14% African American, 0.57% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.28% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. ", "Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.71% of the population.", "\n\nThere were 292 households out of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.9% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. ", "32.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. ", "The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.94.", "\n\nIn the city the population was spread out with 23.4% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 18.7% who were 65 years of age or older. ", "The median age was 39 years. ", "For every 100 females, there were 97.7 males. ", "For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.", "\n\nThe median income for a household in the city was $25,272, and the median income for a family was $29,583. ", "Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $17,125 for females. ", "The per capita income for the city was $13,483. ", "About 18.8% of families and 23.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.6% of those under age 18 and 12.0% of those age 65 or over.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Cities in Williamson County, Illinois\nCategory:Cities in Illinois" ]

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[ "A Deeper Shade of Green\n\nHI-USA is no stranger to the sustainable tourism movement. ", "In many ways, we helped found it.", "\n\nSince its inception decades ago, hostelling has been about travelling lightly on the earth. ", "Even today hostellers are more likely than other travelers to share transportation, cooking and sleeping accommodations, and of course, the environment is better for it.", "\n\nSharing is part of hostelling. ", "As a travel ethic, it creates experiences that promote our mission goal of cross-cultural understanding. ", "Sharing also reduces energy, waste and carbon emissions.", "\n\nBefore sustainability was chic, HI-USA pioneered Sustainable Learning Centers in a handful of hostels to promote sound environmental practices. ", "Shortly after its launch in the mid-1990’s, the program captured the attention of British Airways, which reached across the Atlantic to award us an innovation prize.", "\n\nNow HI-USA is partnering with Sustainable Travel International to bring their expertise and standards to our hostels through our participation in their Sustainable Tourism Education Program (STEP). ", "For HI-USA, it’s about teaming together to find new approaches to setting meaningful standards, developing green targets and strategies, and increasing transparency and accountability.", "\n\nTo date, four hostels are eco-certified at the Silver or Gold level, with 10 at the Bronze level or working towards Bronze. ", "And these 10 hostels are ultimately looking to advance to the Silver or Gold level, but need support. ", "Once complete, our guests will be able to experience our sustainability commitment in a mix of large and small hostels across the country.", "\n\nThe global Hostelling International (HI) organization also lives green, and has set up a Sustainability Fund to support it. ", "Ten outstanding country projects have been identified from around the world – including HI-USA’s eco-certification program — for possible funding. ", "Now hostel guests, members and the general public are being encouraged to vote on which gets funded.", "\n\nHelp HI-USA embrace a deeper shade of green. ", "Support HI-USA’s eco-certification initiative in the worldwide vote. ", "Cast your vote today!" ]

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[ "/*\n * Pixel Dungeon\n * Copyright (C) 2012-2015 Oleg Dolya\n *\n * Shattered Pixel Dungeon\n * Copyright (C) 2014-2019 Evan Debenham\n *\n * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify\n * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by\n * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or\n * (at your option) any later version.", "\n *\n * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ", " See the\n * GNU General Public License for more details.", "\n *\n * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n * along with this program. ", " If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>\n */\npackage com.shatteredpixel.shatteredpixeldungeon.items.weapon.melee;\n\nimport com.shatteredpixel.shatteredpixeldungeon.sprites.", "ItemSpriteSheet;\n\npublic class Mace extends MeleeWeapon {\n\n\t{\n\t\timage = ItemSpriteSheet.", "MACE;\n\n\t\ttier = 3;\n\t\tACC = 1.28f; //28% boost to accuracy\n\t}\n\n\t@Override\n\tpublic int max(int lvl) {\n\t\treturn 4*(tier+1) + //16 base, down from 20\n\t\t\t\tlvl*(tier+1); //scaling unchanged\n\t}\n\n}\n" ]

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[ "Ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of muscle disease.", "\nA comparative study has been done of the static B-scan ultrasound appearance of the quadriceps muscle of the thigh in 60 new patients attending our muscle clinic and in 60 control children. ", "In the control subjects there was good visualization of bone and fascia, which stood out clearly against the background of echo-free muscle tissue. ", "Striking change was found in children with neuromuscular disease. ", "Muscular dystrophies were associated with an increase in the intensity of echo reflected from the muscle substance, with corresponding loss of bone echo. ", "Spinal muscular atrophies and neuropathies also showed an increase in muscle echo along with atrophy of the muscle and increase in depth of subcutaneous tissue. ", "Various congenital myopathies also showed changes. ", "Infants with hypotonia from nonneuromuscular causes had normal scans. ", "Severity of change on the scan did not relate to functional disability, and some children had good function yet strikingly abnormal scans. ", "Three degree of change on the scan correlated with the degree of disruption of muscle architecture on biopsy. ", "Ultrasound imaging has proved to be a useful, noninvasive screening tool in the investigation of children with neuromuscular disease." ]

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[ "PHONE. ", "+34 961 800 262\n\nELEVATING ELECTRICOSES\n\nDestined to the elevation of loads of 150 to 350 kg. ", "It is used in different sectors of activity ( construction, rehabilitation, industry, installation of elevators...) and they satisfy the exigencies of regulation security." ]

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[ "package apiclient\n\nimport (\n\t\"context\"\n)\n\ntype abstractIntermediary struct {\n\tpanicIntermediary\n\tctx context.", "Context\n\tcancel context.", "CancelFunc\n\t// if anything is on this channel, then then we must be done - the error maybe io.", "EOF - which just means stop\n\terror chan error\n}\n\nfunc (w abstractIntermediary) Context() context.", "Context {\n\treturn w.ctx\n}\n\nfunc newAbstractIntermediary(ctx context.", "Context) abstractIntermediary {\n\tctx, cancel := context.", "WithCancel(ctx)\n\treturn abstractIntermediary{\n\t\tpanicIntermediary: panicIntermediary{},\n\t\tctx: ctx,\n\t\tcancel: cancel,\n\t\terror: make(chan error, 1),\n\t}\n}\n" ]

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[ "Specialist services for management of individuals identifying as transgender in New Zealand.", "\nIn light of the rising number of referrals to secondary level services of people who identify as transgender, and the Human Rights Commission concerns regarding the care of this group in New Zealand, we felt it was timely to determine the availability of services for people who identify as transgender and whether there are variations in management protocols. ", "We contacted 100 physicians involved in providing a secondary level service to care for people who identify as transgender, and asked them to complete a questionnaire about the services available in their region. ", "This questionnaire consisted of two parts, a 'general questionnaire', which focussed on the consultants' understanding of services available locally, and a 'clinical questionnaire', which presented hypothetical clinical case histories and asked respondents to indicate how they would manage the case. ", "Sixty-two of the physicians responded. ", "Of these, 18 (45% of the 40 physicians that answered the question) believed they could access a psychological or psychiatric opinion in the public sector for a patient who identifies as transgender, whereas 28 (82% of the 34 that answered the question) knew of access in the private sector. ", "There was a conflict of opinion on the availability of psychological and surgical services in several DHBs where there was more than one clinician responding. ", "This may reflect the case experience of individual clinicians. ", "There was restricted access to common surgical procedures in the public sector, and about half of respondents did not know if techniques were available locally. ", "Our results support the development of specialist care services in tertiary centres in addition to the secondary services already available in New Zealand for people who identify as transgender. ", "Development of multidisciplinary management and improved access to psychological support services for individual cases is required." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow can I make a form inputs disabled by pressing a radio button?", "\n\nI have two radio buttons. ", "If the first radio button \"Main address\" is checked, then the form below should be disabled. ", "If I then check the second radio button \"Other address\", the form should be activated.", "\nI also want the form to be disabled in primary state, if none of the radio buttons are checked (when redirected on the page, both radio buttons are unchecked).", "\nHow to solve this using JavaScript?", "\n\n<form class=\"needs-validation\" novalidate>\n <!", "--was-validated -->\n <div class=\"d-block my-3\">\n <div class=\"custom-control custom-radio\">\n <input id=\"Main address\" name=\"paymentMethod\" type=\"radio\" class=\"custom-control-input\" required>\n <label class=\"custom-control-label\" for=\"Main address\">Main address</label>\n </div>\n <div class=\"custom-control custom-radio\">\n <input id=\"Other address\" name=\"paymentMethod\" type=\"radio\" class=\"custom-control-input\" required>\n <label class=\"custom-control-label\" for=\"Other address\">Other address</label>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"row\">\n <div class=\"col-md-6 mb-3\">\n <label for=\"cc-name\">Address</label>\n <input type=\"text\" class=\"form-control\" id=\"cc-name\" placeholder=\"\" required>\n <small class=\"text-muted\">Please enter your other address.</small>\n <div class=\"invalid-feedback\">\n Name on card is required\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"col-md-3 mb-3\">\n <label for=\"cc-expiration\">City</label>\n <input type=\"text\" class=\"form-control\" id=\"cc-expiration\" placeholder=\"\" required>\n <div class=\"invalid-feedback\">\n Expiration date required\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"col-md-3 mb-3\">\n <label for=\"cc-cvv\">Postcode</label>\n <input type=\"text\" class=\"form-control\" id=\"cc-cvv\" placeholder=\"\" required>\n <div class=\"invalid-feedback\">\n Security code required\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n <hr class=\"mb-4\">\n <button class=\"btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-block\" href=\"index.php\" type=\"submit\">Continue to checkout</button>\n </form>\n\nA:\n\nAdd an eventlistener on your radiobutton and add if it's clicked to the address-DIV a new class 'hide'. ", "Add CSS for hide, so it will not be visible.", "\nFor the second radiobutton do it the same just for remove instead of add this class. ", "So you can show it again.", "\nBy the way do never use an id with a space inside it, it will not function. ", "For the radios I changed it.", "\n\nlet mainAdress= document.getElementById(\"Main_address\");\nmainAdress.addEventListener('click', function() {\n document.getElementById(\"address\").classList.add('hide');\n});\n\nlet otherAdress= document.getElementById(\"Other_address\");\notherAdress.addEventListener('click', function() {\n document.getElementById(\"address\").classList.remove('hide');\n});\n.hide { visibility: hidden; }\n<form class=\"needs-validation\" novalidate>\n <!", "--was-validated -->\n <div class=\"d-block my-3\">\n <div class=\"custom-control custom-radio\">\n <input id=\"Main_address\" name=\"paymentMethod\" type=\"radio\" class=\"custom-control-input\" required>\n <label class=\"custom-control-label\" for=\"Main address\">Main address</label>\n </div>\n <div class=\"custom-control custom-radio\">\n <input id=\"Other_address\" name=\"paymentMethod\" type=\"radio\" class=\"custom-control-input\" required>\n <label class=\"custom-control-label\" for=\"Other address\">Other address</label>\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"row\" id ='address'>\n <div class=\"col-md-6 mb-3\">\n <label for=\"cc-name\">Address</label>\n <input type=\"text\" class=\"form-control\" id=\"cc-name\" placeholder=\"\" required>\n <small class=\"text-muted\">Please enter your other address.</small>\n <div class=\"invalid-feedback\">\n Name on card is required\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"col-md-3 mb-3\">\n <label for=\"cc-expiration\">City</label>\n <input type=\"text\" class=\"form-control\" id=\"cc-expiration\" placeholder=\"\" required>\n <div class=\"invalid-feedback\">\n Expiration date required\n </div>\n </div>\n <div class=\"col-md-3 mb-3\">\n <label for=\"cc-cvv\">Postcode</label>\n <input type=\"text\" class=\"form-control\" id=\"cc-cvv\" placeholder=\"\" required>\n <div class=\"invalid-feedback\">\n Security code required\n </div>\n </div>\n </div>\n <hr class=\"mb-4\">\n <button class=\"btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-block\" href=\"index.php\" type=\"submit\">Continue to checkout</button>\n</form>\n\n" ]

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[ "The incidence of isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains from skin infections during the past three years (1989-1991).", "\nWe did a statistical study of 294 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from skin infections during the period from January of 1989 to December of 1991 in the Department of Dermatology, Kansai Medical University Hospital. ", "We especially examined methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from the point of view of incidence, variety of skin infections with MRSA, coagulase type, phase type, and resistance against antimicrobial agents. ", "The frequency of isolation of MRSA has been increasing. ", "In 1991, the proportion of MRSA isolates among all S. aureus strains isolated from skin infections was 41.5%. ", "MRSA was isolated most often from infectious decubitus. ", "Coagulase type II and phage group NT (not typable) MRSA were most frequently isolated. ", "The resistance of MRSA to OFLX and IMP/CS had remarkably increased. ", "Notably, the resistance to MINO was low before 1991." ]

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[ "module Refactor.", "RenameDefinition.", "RecordField where\n\ndata Point = Point { xCoord :: Double, y :: Double }\n\ndistance :: Point -> Point -> Double\ndistance p1 p2 = sqrt ((xCoord p1 - xCoord p2) ^ 2 + (y p1 - y p2) ^ 2)\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Q:\n\nButtons do not work on ipad1, while working normally in simulator\n\nI have a test app for HTML Put functionality. ", "There are buttons, for example a post button wherewith data is posted, but they all don't perform their actions. ", "You can see them pressed and so on, but the selector doesn't work. ", "In the simulator it works fine, but on my ipad1 nothing happens when you push any button except for the button being highlighted as it is pressed. ", "Anyone any idea what's going on here? ", "I would like to have the buttons function normally, that is: they should perform their given actions!", "\n\nA:\n\nI had a gesture recognizer over it. ", "It worked in simulator but not on device. ", "The gesture recognizer took the event away so nothing happens. ", "Also needed this to work:\ngestureRecognizer.cancelsTouchesInView = NO;\nAlso I needed to set the delegate to self of the gestureRecognizer.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "#if canImport(UIKit) && !", "os(watchOS)\nimport ReactiveSwift\nimport UIKit\n\nextension Reactive where Base: UIApplication {\n\t/// Sets the number as the badge of the app icon in Springboard.", "\n\tpublic var applicationIconBadgeNumber: BindingTarget<Int> {\n\t\treturn makeBindingTarget({ $0.applicationIconBadgeNumber = $1 })\n\t}\n}\n#endif\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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