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tomekkorbak

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[ "Here are a couple shots of another example of one of the many beautiful wildflowers that line the canyons and gorges of Clifty Falls State Park in Madison Indiana. ", "This great little flower is the Trout Lily named for the patterns on the leafs of the plant that resemble the patterns on a trout and is not the easiest wildflower to photograph because of the nodding nature of the bloom.", "\n\nSince I am not a expert on the science of flowers I will leave the description this time to the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center…\n\nA pair of brownish-mottled leaves sheath the base of a stalk that bears a solitary, nodding flower, yellow inside, bronzy outside. ", "This colony-forming perennial sends up two, 3-6 in., ", "elliptic, maroon-mottled leaves and a slightly taller stalk bearing a single, nodding, yellow flower. ", "Petals and sepals are bent backwards exposing six brown stamens. ", "Single-leaved, non-flowering plants also occur, either too young or too crowded to flower.", "\n\nRecognized by its brown-mottled leaves, this is one of our most common spring ephemeral wildflowers, and it is found in sizable colonies. ", "The common name (Dogtooth Violet) refers to the toothlike shape of the white underground bulb. ", "The name Trout Lily (a more suitable name since the flower is not a Violet) refers to the similarity between the leaf markings and those of the brown or brook trout. ", "The White Dogtooth Violet (E. albidum) has narrow, mottled leaves and white, bell-shaped flowers, often tinged with lavender on the outside. ", "It is found from southern Ontario to Georgia, west to Kentucky, Missouri, and Oklahoma, and north to Minnesota. ", "Minnesota Adders Tongue (E. propullans), found only in Minnesota, has pink flowers and produces a small bulb midway up the stem.", "\n\nSo here are a couple images that I captured of the Trout Lily hopefully it this post will give you enough info to be able to hike and enjoy these beautiful little wildflowers !!" ]

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[ "1) Field of the Invention\nThe invention herein relates to lock mechanisms, specifically an improved tubular-type locking cylinder and dedicated key having both theft- and trip-resistant tumbler pin assemblies.", "\n2) Description of the Prior Art\nA conventional tubular-type locking cylinder 1a and key 2a is shown in FIG. ", "5 and FIG. ", "6. ", "The said conventional tubular-type locking cylinder 1a is typically comprised of an outer housing 11, a main base 12a, a locking cylinder 13a, and a plurality of tumbler pin assemblies 14, while the key 2a of the said conventional tubular-type locking cylinder 1a is of one-piece construction and comprised of a toggling barrel 21 and a handle 22. ", "The said toggling barrel 21 consists of a barrel member 210 having a plurality of arcuate unlocking notches 211 disposed along its outer rim, a locating element 214 extending outward laterally from the handle 22 member 220 at the said rim after the handle 22 is fastened to one side of the said rim, and, furthermore, an actuating element 213 facing inward. ", "When the said key 2a is inserted into the entrance of the toggling barrel 21, the actuating element 213 and the locating element 214 on the outer side are respectively aligned with the actuating element slot 133 (see FIG. ", "6) at the top extremity of the locking cylinder shaft 13 of the said tubular-type locking cylinder 1a and the locating slot 112 on the key entry hole 111 of the outer housing 11 and then pushed into the said tubular-type locking cylinder 1a (as shown in FIG. ", "7), the plurality of arcuate unlocking notches 211 on the rim of the said toggling barrel 21 then contact the upper and lower pins 141 and 142 of the tumbler pin assemblies 14 at the lower extent of the locking cylinder 13a tumbler pin disc 131 and also moves against the upper extent of the main base 12a body 120a (as shown in FIG. ", "7), at which time the handle 22 of the said key 2a is grasped by two fingers and rotated clockwise or counter-clockwise such that the said key 2a unlocks the said tubular-type locking cylinder 1a. ", "\nGenerally speaking, the said conventional tubular-type locking cylinder 1a has no drawbacks during the unlocking operation. ", "However, since the plurality of tumbler pin assemblies 14 between the tumbler pin disc 131 of the locking cylinder 13a and the body 120a of the main base 12a lack any anti-theft device, an ordinary thief can easily obtain a tube having a wall thickness of approximately 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm and an inner diameter equal to the that of the key 2a toggling barrel 21, slip a rubber sleeve tightly over the exterior wall of the said tube to fix a number of wire segments or half-length toothpicks equal in quantity to that of the said tumbler pin assemblies 14 and insert this into the said conventional tubular-type locking cylinder 1a in place of the key 2a to forcefully unlock the said conventional tubular-type locking cylinder 1a within five seconds. ", "As such, the prior art is merely an average, low-price, and imprecise locking device that is not equipped with a means of theft prevention. ", "Additionally, since the said conventional tubular-type locking cylinder 1a has no anti-theft device or locking cylinder 13a securing device, when utilized as a lock under vibrational conditions, vibrations readily rotate the locking cylinder 13a against the main base 12 and trip the said tumbler pin assemblies 14, causing the said conventional tubular-type locking cylinder 1a to malfunction or become damaged such that it is inoperable.", "\nBased on many years of professional engagement in the tubular lock manufacturing industry, the applicant of the invention herein addressed the installation and utilization shortcomings of the conventional tubular-type locking cylinder 1a by conducting research and testing that culminated in the successful development of the improved tubular-type locking cylinder and dedicated key of the invention herein.", "\nThe objective of the invention herein is to provide an improved tubular-type locking cylinder and dedicated key that has theft- and trip-resistant tumbler pin assemblies, the detailed description of which is presented after the brief description of the drawings below." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nSecond Select option didn't get value\n\nPlease check my second select box get value, but not get value from 1st select box. ", "Please check my code where I am wrong?", "\nHere is my code:\n <select class='form-control' id=class_code name=class_code \n onchange='setTextField(this)'><option value=''>Select \n class</option>\";\n <option value=$row[class_code] >$row[class]</option>\";\n }\n </select>\n <input id='cls' type = 'hidden' name = 'cls' value = '' />\n <script type='text/javascript'>\n function setTextField(dddl) {\n document.getElementById('cls').value = \n dddl.options[dddl.selectedIndex].text;\n }\n </script>\n\n <select class='form-control' id=semester_id name=semester_id \n onchange='setTextField(this)'><option value=''>Select \n semester</option></select>\n <input id='semm' type = 'hidden' name = 'semm' value = '' />\n <script type='text/javascript'>\n function setTextField(ddl) {\n document.getElementById('semm').value = \n ddl.options[ddl.selectedIndex].text;\n }\n </script>\n\nPlease check where I am wrong. ", "Thanks in advance :)\n\nA:\n\n<select class='form-control' id=class_code name=class_code onchange='setTextField1(this)'>\n <option value=''>Select class</option>\";\n <option value=$row[class_code]>$row[class]</option>\";\n</select>\n<input id='cls' type = 'hidden' name = 'cls' value = '' />\n<script type='text/javascript'>\n function setTextField1(dddl) {\n document.getElementById('cls').value = dddl.options[dddl.selectedIndex].text;\n } \n</script>\n\n<select class='form-control' id=semester_id name=semester_id onchange='setTextField(this)'>\n <option value=''>Select semester</option>\n <option value='1'>semester1</option>\n</select>\n<input id='semm' type = 'hidden' name = 'semm' value = '' />\n<script type='text/javascript'>\n function setTextField(ddl) {\n document.getElementById('semm').value = ddl.options[ddl.selectedIndex].text;\n }\n</script>\n\n" ]

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[ "Breakfast (New Zealand TV programme)\n\nBreakfast (also referred to as 1 News Breakfast) is a New Zealand morning news and talk show airing weekday mornings on TVNZ 1, produced by 1 News. ", "Debuting on 11 August 1997, it was the first of its genre in New Zealand. ", "It contains a mixture of breaking news, news, sport, weather and feature items. ", "Originally a two-hour program, it was expanded to three hours in 2012.", "\n\nHistory\n\nBreakfast began airing on 11 August 1997. ", "The program's dominance was virtually unchallenged by the other networks until 2008, when TV3 launched Sunrise. ", "Sunrise struggled against Breakfast in the ratings until Sunrise went off air because of financial issues in April 2010, leaving Breakfast as the only morning news and talk show in New Zealand, until TV3 launched their second attempt at a morning news program, Firstline, in 2011. ", "Firstline was cancelled in April 2015, and replaced by Paul Henry, which caused a significant increase in Breakfast's competition. ", "This caused the changes to the presenters in September 2016.", "\n\nPresenters\n\nNews anchor\n Neil Waka (2002)\n Peter Williams (2003-2016)\n Alison Mau (2008-2010)\n Rawdon Christie (2011-2012)\n Nadine Chalmers-Ross (2012-2015)\n Melissa Stokes (2015-2016)\n Daniel Faitaua (2016-2019)\n Jenny-May Clarkson (2019-present)\n\nWeather reporter\n Tamati Coffey (2007-2012)\n Sam Wallace (2012-2016)\n Matty McLean (2017-present)\n\nSaturday Breakfast\n\nOn 3 September 2011 TVNZ launched Saturday Breakfast, which aired between 7 am and 9 am each Saturday. ", "The program was axed at the end of 2012 due to low viewership.", "\n\nProgram format\nTen minutes of news, sport and weather is presented every half-hour between 6:00 and 8:30. ", "Daniel Faitaua presents the news headlines from the Breakfast studio on the hour and half-hour, followed by Matt McLean presenting the regional weather bulletin on the hour, and the main centres' weather bulletin on the half-hour. ", "Mostly, the program has interviews with newsmakers or TVNZ reporters on the day's headlines. ", "The first hour of the program is devoted to news stories, and the rest of the program has entertainment or special interest segments.", "\n\nAwards\nIn 2014, TVNZ was awarded a Bravo award by the New Zealand Skeptics for coverage of the \"dangers of Miracle Mineral Solution.\" ", "And for their comment that MMS “is not a miracle cure for anything”.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:New Zealand television news programmes\nCategory:1990s New Zealand television series\nCategory:2000s New Zealand television series\nCategory:2010s New Zealand television series\nCategory:1997 New Zealand television series debuts\nCategory:TVNZ 1 programmes\nCategory:Breakfast television in New Zealand" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nElasticsearchのドキュメントアップロード時にUnavailableShardsException\n\nElasticsearchのドキュメントのアップロード時に\nUnavailableShardsException[[room3][1] Not enough active copies to meet write consistency of [QUORUM] (have 1, needed 2). ", "Timeout: [1m] --- (1)\n\nというエラーがでており、ドキュメントのアップロードが全くできない状態です。", "\nローカルマシン上のElasticsearchを再起動後、shardがunassigned状態になりました。", "\n以下の対処法を試みたところshardはassignされましたが、\nreplica shardは依然としてunassignedのままで、ドキュメントのアップロードはできない状態です。", "\nhttps://stackoverflow.com/a/23781013/2902531\nhttps://stackoverflow.com/a/20010544/2902531\n補足情報\nローカルマシンにインストールしていましたが、現在はElastic Cloudのトライアル環境で動作確認をしています\nElasticsearchのversion 2.3.5 \n※ホスティング先としてAmazon Elasticsearch Serviceも考えているため2.3系を選んでいます\nnumber_of_shards: 2\nnumber_of_replicas: 2\n/_cat/shards\nindex shard prirep state docs store ip node\nroom3 1 p STARTED 0 159b 10.166.19.79 instance-0000000000\nroom3 1 r UNASSIGNED\nroom3 1 r UNASSIGNED\nroom3 0 p STARTED 0 159b 10.166.19.79 instance-0000000000\nroom3 0 r UNASSIGNED\nroom3 0 r UNASSIGNED\n\n/_cat/indices\nhealth status index pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size\nred open .marvel-es-1-2016.12.27 1 1\nyellow open room3 2 2 0 0 318b 318b\nred open .marvel-es-data-1 1 1\nred open .kibana 1 1\nred open my_index 2 1\n\nA:\n\n発生しているエラーは、十分な数のノードがクラスタに存在しないから発生しているように見受けられます。", "\nクラスタの構成は何台でしょうか。レプリカ数が2なので、ノードは3台を想定した設定だと思われます。", "\n1ノード構成でやりたいのなら、レプリカ数を 0 にすると良いでしょう。", "\n\n" ]

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[ "The tradition of saying \"God Bless America\" after the Pledge of Allegiance at a South Jersey school is being challenged by the New Jersey chapter of the ACLU.", "\n\nTwo kindergarten teachers began adding the phrase shortly after the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001 as a way to show respect to first responders and the victims at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon and on board Flight 93.", "\n\n\"It just became sort of a habit,\" principal Sam Sassano, told the Courier Post. \"", "Now it's part of the culture here.\"", "\n\nAccording to a letter Sassano sent to parents, the ACLU sent the school a letter calling the tradition \"unconstitutional\" because it promotes a religious belief over non-religious beliefs \"especially with young, impressionable children.\"", "\n\nSassano wrote that the practice is unique to Glenview and said the district's view has been \"that the practice is fundamentally patriotic in nature and does not invoke or advance any religious message, despite the specific reference to God’s blessing.\"", "\n\nHowever,Sassano said the school will look into other ways to remember 9/11 to avoid a potentially expensive court battle. ", "Students may continue the practice on their own, he said.", "\n\nACLU-NJ legal director Ed Barocas told the Courier-Post Monday the issue was one of context: \"This was not students' speech, this was a daily recitation at an official school assembly led by the school officials.\"", "\n\nAccording to PhillyVoice.com, Barocas suggested other ways of honoring 9/11 responders.", "\n\n\"While the phrase has patriotic overtones, that doesn't negate the phrase's fundamentally religious nature of invoking God's blessing,\" Barocas said, according to that report. \"", "There are so many other ways, such as 'united we stand' to express patriotism and love of our country.\"" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nUpgrading from AngularJS 1.3.0 RC4 to 1.3.0 gives errors\n\nWhen I change the version of AngularJS from 1.3.0-rc.4 to 1.3.0, I get these errors in the console. ", "I know the stacktrace is not very help because the libraries are concatenated, but the issue seems to occur in angular.js itself.", "\nAny clues please? ", "\nTypeError: undefined is not a function\n at http://localhost:3000/index/vendorBundle.js:36891:34\n at forEach (http://localhost:3000/index/vendorBundle.js:11114:20)\n at resolveElementClasses (http://localhost:3000/index/vendorBundle.js:36890:9)\n at http://localhost:3000/index/vendorBundle.js:37416:27\n at http://localhost:3000/index/vendorBundle.js:36857:22\n at Scope.$digest (http://localhost:3000/index/vendorBundle.js:24762:36)\n at Scope.$apply (http://localhost:3000/index/vendorBundle.js:24974:24)\n at bootstrapApply (http://localhost:3000/index/vendorBundle.js:12227:15)\n at Object.invoke (http://localhost:3000/index/vendorBundle.js:14891:17)\n at doBootstrap (http://localhost:3000/index/vendorBundle.js:12225:14) \n\nA:\n\nangular-animate had not been updated to 1.3.0. ", "It was still on 1.3.0-rc.4, which caused this issue.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "GRAND MEADOW TOWNSHIP, Minn. — It isn’t every day a structure the size of a 38-story building rises from Jeanette Curley’s bean fields. ", "Digital camera in hand, Curley watched as workers in hard hats hosed off wind turbine blades to get them ready to be hoisted onto a steel stalk looming above the soybeans. ", "She wasn’t going to miss this.", "\n\nThe Grand Meadow Wind Farm — the first wind project Xcel Energy will own and operate in Minnesota — was ready to top off a turbine looming over her Mower County farm.", "\n\nMinneapolis-based Xcel is stitching together a wind farm roughly six miles long and four miles wide just south of Interstate 90, about 27 miles southwest of Rochester. ", "Eventually Grand Meadow will hold 67 turbines, capable of producing 100 megawatts of power, enough to supply 33,000 homes.", "\n\nOn this gorgeous August day, Curley can see finished and half-finished wind turbines in every direction. ", "The finished ones looked like giant pinwheels while the half-finished towers wait for a Paul Bunyan to slip on their whirligigs.", "\n\nCurley, 54, and her husband Wayne agreed to allow two of the 1.5 megawatt turbines on their 240-acre farm, which has been in Wayne’s family since the Great Depression.", "\n\nThe decision didn’t come overnight.", "\n\nThe Curleys were first approached about a wind farm in 2001.", "\n\nAt first they were skeptical, she says. “", "People are always coming into town to sell farmers something.”", "\n\nBut unlike some of those folks, the developers for what would become Grand Meadow didn’t disappear after they made their pitch. ", "EnXco, the renewable-energy company that managed the wind farm development for Xcel, was persistent. ", "As time went by, the Curleys began to realize wind energy wasn’t a fad.", "\n\nWayne, who was on the township board for 27 years, rallied farmers to the project.", "\n\nHe would have loved to have seen this, Jeanette Curley said. ", "Wayne died in a farm accident last fall.", "\n\n“My husband is the one. ", "He really pushed this. ", "To get all those farmers on one wavelength …” her voice trailed off. “", "I’m just ecstatic. ", "It’s just unbelievable.”", "\n\nXcel will need to find a lot more Wayne Curleys in the years ahead.", "\n\nPLUGGING IN\n\nIn terms of the power it produces, 100-megawatt Grand Meadow is small compared to the plants Xcel is used to building, like the 750-megawatt coal plant under construction at a cost of $1.3 billion in Colorado. ", "But there are many more wind farms than coal plants in Xcel’s future, especially in Minnesota.", "\n\nThe company now gets less than 5 percent of its energy from wind in Minnesota, but by 2020, must produce 30 percent of its power from renewable sources to reduce dependence upon dirty coal. ", "At least 25 percent of that clean energy must come from wind.", "\n\nThat translates into roughly 3,000 megawatts of wind-produced energy that Xcel will have to buy or build in the next 12 years.", "\n\nPut another way, that’s roughly 2,000 wind turbines.", "\n\nTo begin to meet that need, Xcel put out a request for proposals last December for 500 more megawatts of wind energy that could be available by 2011, and got responses for 22 projects in Minnesota, North and South Dakota and Iowa.", "\n\nThe proposals add up to more than 3,000 megawatts of wind from which Xcel can choose, according to a plan it filed earlier this month with the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission.", "\n\nBut there are challenges that could slow the work.", "\n\nNegotiations with property owners, usually for long-term leases, can take years.", "\n\nFor Jeanette Curley, who now rents out her land to someone else to farm, the extra income (which she declined to specify) for allowing two turbines is welcome. ", "But not everyone with property in the Grand Meadow project area decided to participate.", "\n\nJim Fuller, 84, of Austin, said he supports wind energy. ", "But the developers told him that because of the slope in his 400 acres in Grand Meadow, only two turbines would work on it.", "\n\nFuller and his business partner rent their land to a farmer, and said they decided the $5,000 they were offered per turbine per year wasn’t worth the lost crop production and hassle of his farmer plowing around the access roads and site, so they passed.", "\n\n“No hard feelings, no problems,” he said.", "\n\nAnother issue: a federal tax credit that encourages development of wind power and other forms of renewable energy is set to expire at the end of this year. ", "If Congress doesn’t extend it when it returns to session in September, the loss of the production tax credit will bring work on most wind farm projects across the country to a halt.", "\n\nFinally, the state and entire wind industry is wrestling with inadequate transmission capacity.", "\n\nSoutheast Minnesota and the region called Buffalo Ridge on the west end of I-90 are rich with wind energy potential but there’s a bottleneck getting that electricity to urban areas that need the power such as the Twin Cities.", "\n\nXcel is proposing changes to speed up approval for new transmission lines, but in the meantime will add five 34.5 kilovolt power lines in the Grand Meadow area.", "\n\nThe five lines will carry power from the 67 turbines to a substation, where a single 161-kilovolt line will run to another substation that plugs into the region’s power grid, said Nathan Svoboda, Xcel’s plant manager.", "\n\nEnXco, the U.S. arm of a French energy company, will run the farm for its first two years, as it teaches Xcel employees wind farm maintenance. ", "Then it will hand it off, said Svoboda.", "\n\nHEAVY BALLET\n\nWind power is new to Svoboda. ", "Previously, he worked at an Xcel garbage-burning plant in Mankato and before that, at a coal plant in Rapid City, S.D., for Black Hills Power Co.\n\nConstruction of the farm has been quick. ", "The gravel access roads and concrete foundations were laid before Svoboda arrived in July and the workers, from Mortenson Construction in Minnetonka, topped off 37 turbines in six weeks. ", "On some days they finish three or four, he said.", "\n\nThe site is a hive of heavy equipment, pickup trucks and spindly cranes.", "\n\n“People are moving in and out almost like a precise ballet,” said Warren Grieves, enXco’s spokesman.", "\n\nOnce the foundation is laid, a crane stacks the bottom two tubular steel sections of the tower. ", "Meantime, workers attach the three blades to the hub on the ground to form the rotor.", "\n\nFor the final stage, a larger crane is rolled in, and the top knuckle of the 253-foot tower is lifted into place. ", "Workers bolt it into to the tower with the machine-gun rattle of a pneumatic torque wrench.", "\n\nThe square machine head, called a nacelle, is next. ", "It’s 12 feet tall, can be entered by ladder inside the tower for maintenance and lets workers who can stomach the heights climb through a hatch onto the hub outside.", "\n\nIt contains the power generator, and at 62.5 tons, it’s heavy. ", "An 18-wheeler weighs only 40 tons.", "\n\nThe blades, by comparison, are considered light. ", "Made of fiberglass, they weigh only 13,900 pounds apiece, or not quite 7 tons.", "\n\nThe blades and hub get lifted last, very carefully, with guide lines wrapped around the tips to help position the blades.", "\n\nFolks who live in the area often stop to watch.", "\n\nOnce the turbine is complete, the crane’s diesel engine roars to life and it begins to creep off like some weird walking tree. ", "The workers pack up and it’s off to the next tower.", "\n\nTAX CREDIT\n\nAs long as Grand Meadow is operating by the end of the year, it can claim a federal energy production tax credit for the next 10 years.", "\n\nOther projects may not be so fortunate. ", "The renewable energy tax credit costs the country $3 billion over 10 years, and it has had to be renewed repeatedly since its creation in 1992.", "\n\nDuring the periods when it has been allowed to expire, wind development dropped by as much as 90 percent, said Gregory Wetstone, senior director for government and public affairs for the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), a trade group.", "\n\nTotal U.S. installed wind power capacity stands at 19,549 megawatts this year, with new capacity of 2,725 megawatts added so far, according to AWEA, but the pace slowed in the second quarter as nervous developers eyed the calendar.", "\n\nThe association says the country could add up to 7,500 megawatts of wind energy this year if developers get a reason not to suspend projects that may not beat the clock.", "\n\nAWEA staffers traveled to the Democratic National Convention in Denver last week to push for the tax credit extension and plan to do the same as a sponsor at the Republican National Convention in St. Paul this week, Wetstone said.", "\n\n“I think (the tax credit) will eventually be extended,” he said. “", "The question is when.”", "\n\nMeanwhile, Jeanette Curley has a sense of satisfaction, and her picture.", "\n\n“This is a wonderful project,” she said. ", "Then she laughed. “", "The only problem is it doesn’t come with a hookup to run an extension cord out to it.”", "\n\nLeslie Brooks Suzukamo can be reached at 651-228-5475." ]

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[ "Months after the presumptive Republican presidential nominee first caught flak for being noncommittal about disavowing the support of David Duke and the Ku Klux Klan, Trump is again forced to separate himself from his controversial constituency.", "\n\nCalifornia's secretary of state on Monday published a list of delegates provided by the Trump campaign. ", "Among the 169 names listed was William Johnson, a noted white nationalist and leader of the American Freedom Party.", "\n\nAn earlier Trump campaign statement cited by an NBC News reporter blamed a \"database error\" for Johnson's inclusion. ", "In a follow-up statement, Trump's campaign removed the database error reference, saying that Johnson \"had been rejected and removed from the campaign's list in February 2016.\"", "\n\nA spokesperson for the California Secretary of State's office said \"the Trump campaign did not reach out to our office about removing William Johnson's name as a delegate until today (Tuesday May 10), which is past the statutory deadline.\"", "\n\nJohnson's American Freedom Party, which describes itself as one that \"represents the interests and issues of European-Americans,\" also describes the Democratic and Republican parties as \"more alike than they are different.\"", "\n\nDonald Trump is running on the Republican ticket.", "\n\nThe frontrunner's candidacy has, at times, been overshadowed by his broad support among white nationalists. ", "Johnson's party has spent thousands of dollars on pro-Trump robocalls, Reuters reported in January. ", "Those calls made pronouncements like \"We don't need Muslims. ", "We need smart, well-educated white people who will assimilate to our culture.\"", "\n\nTrump has proposed temporary bans on Muslims entering the US.", "\n\nMatt Mills McKnight/Getty Images\n\nTrump previously disavowed white-nationalist support in television interviews and, in one case, blamed \"a very bad earpiece\" for not doing it sooner.", "\n\nHere's the full statement from the Trump campaign:\n\nYesterday the Trump Campaign submitted its list of California delegates to be certified by the Secretary of State of California. ", "Upon careful review of computer records, the inclusion of a potential delegate that had previously been rejected and removed from the campaign's list in February 2016, was discovered. ", "This was immediately corrected and a final list, which does not include this individual, was submitted for certification." ]

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[ "In a recent piece about the Manual for Civilization — the Long Now Foundation’s effort to assemble 3,500 books most essential for sustaining or rebuilding humanity, as part of their collaboratively curated library of 3,500 books for long-term thinking — I lamented the fact that Stewart Brand’s 76-book contribution to the Manual contained only one and a half books authored by a woman. ", "To their credit, the folks at the Long Now reached out immediately, inviting me to contribute my own list to the collaborative library they’re building.", "\n\nIn grappling with the challenge, I faced a disquieting and inevitable realization: The predicament of diversity is like a Russian nesting doll — once we crack one layer, there’s always another, a fractal-like subdivision that begins at the infinite and approaches the infinitesimal, getting exponentially granular with each layer, but can never be fully finished. ", "If we take, for instance, the “women problem” — to paraphrase Margaret Atwood — then what about Black women? ", "Black queer women? ", "Non-Western Black queer women? ", "Non-English-speaking non-Western Black queer women? ", "Non-English-speaking non-Western Black queer women of Jewish descent? ", "And on and on. ", "Due to that infinite fractal progression, no attempt to “solve” diversity — especially no thirty-item list — could ever hope to be complete. ", "The same goes for other variables like genre or subject: For every aficionado of fiction, there’s one of drama, then 17th-century drama, then 17th-century Italian drama, and so on.", "\n\nBut I had to start somewhere. ", "So, with the discomfort of that inescapable disclaimer, I approached my private, subjective, wholly non-exhaustive selection of thirty-three books to sustain modern civilization and the human spirit — books at the intersection of introspection and outrospection, art and science, self and society.", "Above all, books that help us (or, at least, have helped me) learn how to live — how to make sense of ourselves, our world, and our place in it. ", "Please enjoy. (", "A parenthetical “more” link appears after books I’ve previously contemplated in greater detail on Brain Pickings.)", "\n\nKeep an eye on the Manual for Civilization for more reading lists to complete the 3,500-book library, and consider joining me in supporting the project here." ]

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[ "Canada geese are compatible with the environment in United States and Canada. ", "They are found on almost any type of wetland and lowland waters, including lakes, reservoirs, marshes and slow flowing rivers. ", "Canada geese breed from 2-3 years of age throughout North America and lay clutches that vary in size from 3 to 11 eggs in April. ", "Spring migration along the north-south flyways begins in late winter and can take several weeks to complete. ", "The geese feed mainly on land, eating leaves, grassy plants and lawns. ", "In urban areas, Canada geese amenity land in urban parks, open spaces, golf courses and grassed areas around lakes and ponds. ", "They can destroy grass and flower beds and cause erosion of river and stream banks. ", "Fall migration of Canada and snow geese begins when the water and soil begin to freeze and snow covers the grass and plant food. ", "Small game hunting including Canada and snow geese hunting in rural and country areas, such as Nebraska, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and North and South Dakota, is a licensed activity in an effort to control geese populations. ", "The hunting regulations of the states have limits and requirements concerning geese and other game. ", "For example, state fish and game natural resource departments require that at least one wing of a waterfowl be retained with the fowl carcass. ", "The fowl cleaning device of the invention is used to comply with the hunting regulations of the states of the United States." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nOutput of the following code\n\nString s1 = \"Amit\"; //true\nString s2 = \"Amit\"; //true\nString s3 = new String(\"abcd\"); //true\nString s4 = new String(\"abcd\"); //false\nSystem.out.println(s1.equals(s2)); //true\nSystem.out.println((s1==s2)); //true\nSystem.out.println(s3.equals(s4)); //false\nSystem.out.println((s3==s4)); //false\n\nAssume it to be in main why the output of the above code is\ntrue true true false and not true true false false???", "\n\nA:\n\nJava uses a \"string literal pool.\" ", "Since strings are immutable objects, there's no reason two strings initialized to the same literal can't be the same object—and as your code output suggests, they are the same object. (", "s1 and s2 are two names for the same location in memory)\nThe reason this isn't true for s3 and s4 is because you're explicitly allocating new strings, and using the constructor to initialize them. ", "This means they are different objects, and hence they fail the \"==\" test.", "\nIn other words,\n== compares if two object references are equal\n.equals() compares if the contents of two objects are equal, irrespective of where they are in memory.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "[Cordyceps mycelia extract decreases portal hypertension in rats with dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver cirrhosis: a study on its histological basis].", "\nTo study the effects of Cordyceps mycelia extract (CME) on portal hypertension in rats with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) induced liver cirrhosis and probe into the mechanism of the action. ", "A rat model of liver cirrhosis was induced by peritoneal injection of DMN (at a dose of 10 microg/kg, once a day, 3 consecutive days per week) for 4 weeks. ", "Other 15 rats were assigned into normal control group. ", "The rats in CME-prevented group were administrated CME 0.74 g/(kg.d), once a day, simultaneously with DMN treatment and kept on 4-week administrating, and the rats in CME-treated group were administrated after the model was established. ", "After 3-day, 2- and 4-week DMN injection and 2-, 4-week after the rat liver got cirrhosis, the pressure of portal vein (Ppv) was directly measured by intubation via tributary of vena mesenteric anterior. ", "The serum hyaluronic acid (HA) content was measured by radioimmunoassay. ", "The expressions of CD44, von Willebrand factor (vWF), laminin (LM), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), type I collagen (Col I) and type IV collagen (Col IV) proteins in the hepatic sinusoida l walls were examined by immunohistochemistry. ", "The caliber of portal vein (Cpv) and Ppv in the CEM group (after 4-week prevention) were significantly decreased as compared with those in the untreated group at the same point of time (P<0.05), also including serum HA content (P<0.05), and vWF, Col I, Col IV, LM, alpha-SMA positive staining (P<0.05); however, CD44 positive staining were increased in the CEM group (P<0.05). ", "The Cpv, Ppv and serum HA content were significantly decreased after 2-week CME treatment as compared with those in the untreated group (P<0.05). ", "After 4-week CME treatment, the Cpv and Ppv in the CEM group were recovered to the normal level. ", "After 2- and 4-week CME treatment, vWF, Col I, LM and alpha-SMA positive stainings were decreased (P<0.05), and CD44 positive staining was increased (P<0.05) in the CME group as compared with those in the untreated group at the same point of time, but there were no marked changes found in Col IV staining. ", "CME plays a good role in preventing and treating the portal hypertension in rats with DMN-induced liver cirrhosis. ", "The histological bases of the effects are to treat liver sinusoida l endothelial cell injury, inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation, inhibit and reverse hepatic sinusoida 1 capillarization." ]

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[ "-----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tBalasundaram, Arun \nSent:\tFriday, June 01, 2001 3:54 PM\nTo:\tDunton, Heather\nCc:\tGupta, Sanjay\nSubject:\tRE: Position Mngr\nHolden - below is the response to our position manager questions.", "\nLet me know if you would like me to follow up on any of these.", "\nAlso have you seen the report screen for position?", "\nYou can save profiles of the reports you run, so you don't have to set it up everytime - it is very neat!!! ", "\n\n1) How should the Traders mark their dailies (6 x 8 or 7 x 8)\n\n The daily values which the traders mark in the excel sheet is treated as 7 x 8 in portcalc even though the excel sheet displays it as 6 x 8. ", "So in order to\n make sure that portcalc values the deals the same way as before, it is necessary for the traders to paste the 6 x 8 values in excel into the 7 x 8 column \n of the position manager. ", "This exception is only applicable to the daily portion of the off peak curve.", "\n\n\n2) Is there a way to fill down on cells like you can in excel?", "\n\n There is no way of doing this right now. ", "I'll make sure that we include this feature in future versions.", "\n\n\n3) Is there a reason Rockies is set up as a region? - ", "It is a basis to Palo - should\nwe set this up as a basis so they can mark this (currently it is flat to Palo)\n\n It is treated as a region by portcalc. ", "It will adversely affect the portcalc result if we treat this as a basis.", "\n\n\n4) When I go to mark the Basis - each one shows up twice in the drop down.", "\n(ie Mead, Mead, Mona, Mona ........)\n\n I'll fix it ASAP\n\n5) How are we supposed to be marking Sunday's?", "\n\n Currently Sundays are a percentage(75) of the peak curve. ", "Only the front two months can be edited in the system. ", "Rest of the values are automatically computed.", "\n \nAlso is there going to be a manual on the position managers for reference?", "\n\n We are in the process of writing a manual for the position manager.", "\n\n\nThanks Arun,\nHeather" ]

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[ "Badminton at the 1999 Pan American Games\n\nThe Badminton Competition at the 1999 Pan American Games was held from July 23 to August 8, 1999 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. ", "There was a total of five events. ", "At the end of the tournament, the host country Canada won three gold medals in the men's, women's and mixed doubles, while the United States captured two golds in the men's and women's singles.", "\n\nMen's competition\n\nSingles\n\nDoubles\n\nWomen's competition\n\nSingles\n\nDoubles\n\nMixed Competition\n\nDoubles\n\nMedal table\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Tournament result\n\n \nPan American Games\n1999\n1999 Pan American Games\nCategory:Events at the 1999 Pan American Games" ]

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[ "\nNO. ", "07-06-0056-CR\n\nIN THE COURT OF APPEALS\n\nFOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS\n\nAT AMARILLO\n\nPANEL B\n\nOCTOBER 16, 2006\n\n______________________________\n \nRODGER WAYNE MITCHELL,\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAppellant\n\nv.\n\nTHE STATE OF TEXAS,\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAppellee\n_________________________________\n\nFROM THE 64TH DISTRICT COURT OF CASTRO COUNTY;\n\nNO. ", "A3024-0506; HON. ", "ROBERT W. KINKAID, JR., ", "PRESIDING\n\n_______________________________\n\nMemorandum Opinion\n_______________________________\n\nBefore QUINN, C.J., and CAMPBELL and HANCOCK, JJ.", "\n\tRodger Wayne Mitchell (appellant) appeals his conviction for burglary of a\r\nhabitation. ", " He was convicted by a jury and sentenced to twenty years confinement and a\r\nfine of $10,000. ", " Appellant's appointed counsel has filed a motion to withdraw, together\r\nwith an Anders (1) brief, in which he certified that, after diligently searching the record, the\r\nappeal was without merit. ", " Appellant filed a response on August 4, 2006.", "\n\tIn compliance with the principles enunciated in Anders, appellate counsel reviewed\r\nthe various stages of the trial and discussed several potential areas for appeal. ", " However,\r\nhe adequately explained why each argument lacks merit. ", " We have also conducted our\r\nown review of the record and appellant's response to assess the accuracy of appellate\r\ncounsel's conclusions and to uncover any error pursuant to Stafford v. State, 813 S.W.3d\r\n503 (Tex. ", "Crim. ", "App. ", "1991). ", " Our own review has failed to reveal any reversible error. ", " \n\tAccordingly, the motion to withdraw is granted, and the judgment is affirmed.", "\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBrian Quinn \n\t\t\t\t\t\t Chief Justice\nDo not publish.", "\n \n\n\n\n\n\n1. ", "Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 744-45, 87 S.Ct. ", "1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967).", "\n\n\r\nYLE=\"text-decoration: underline\">Anders brief and motion to withdraw and appropriately advised appellant of his right\r\nto file a pro se response in this matter. ", " Stafford v. State, 813 S.W.2d 503, 510\r\n(Tex.", "Crim.", "App. ", "1991). ", " The court has also advised appellant of his right to file a pro se\r\nresponse. ", " Appellant has not filed a response.", "\n\tBy his Anders brief, counsel raises grounds that could possibly support an appeal,\r\nbut concludes the appeal is frivolous. ", " We have reviewed these grounds and made an\r\nindependent review of the entire record to determine whether there are any arguable\r\ngrounds which might support an appeal. ", " See Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 109 S.Ct. ", "346,\r\n102 L.Ed.2d 300 (1988); Bledsoe v. State, 178 S.W.3d 824 (Tex.", "Crim.", "App. ", "2005). ", " We\r\nhave found no such arguable grounds and agree with counsel that the appeal is frivolous.", "\n\tAccordingly, counsel's motion to withdraw is hereby granted and the trial court's\r\njudgment is affirmed. (", "1)\n\n\n\n\n\r\n\tMackey K. Hancock\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Justice \n\n\nDo not publish.", "\r\n1. ", " Counsel shall, within five days after the opinion is handed down, send his client a\r\ncopy of the opinion and judgment, along with notification of the defendant's right to file a\r\npro se petition for discretionary review. ", " See Tex. ", "R. App. ", "P. 48.4.", "\n" ]

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[ "Last year, the voters gave him the largest popular vote margin won by a presidential candidate in 20 years. ", "They gave Democrats their largest Senate majority since 1976 and their largest House majority since 1992.", "\n\nObama didn't just offer bromides about hope and change. ", "He made quite specific pledges. ", "You'd think that the newly empowered Democrats would want to deliver quickly.", "\n\nBut what do real Americans see? ", "On health care, they read about this or that Democratic senator prepared to bring action to a screeching halt out of displeasure with some aspect of the proposal. ", "They first hear that a bill will pass by Thanksgiving, and then learn it might not get a final vote until after the New Year.", "\n\nIs it any wonder that Congress has miserable approval ratings? ", "Is it surprising that independents, who want their government to solve a few problems, are becoming impatient with the current majority?", "\n\nDemocrats in the Senate -- the House is not the problem -- need to have a long chat with themselves and decide whether they want to engage in an act of collective suicide.", "\n\nBut it's also time to start paying attention to how Republicans, with Machiavellian brilliance, have hit upon what might be called the Beltway-at-Rush-Hour Strategy, aimed at snarling legislative traffic to a standstill so Democrats have no hope of reaching the next exit.", "\n\nWe know what happens when drivers just sit there when they're supposed to be moving. ", "They get grumpy, irascible and start turning on each other, which is exactly what Democrats are doing now.", "\n\nRepublicans know one other thing: Practically nobody is noticing their delay-to-kill strategy. ", "Who wants to discuss legislative procedure when there's so much fun and profit in psychoanalyzing Sarah Palin?", "\n\nYet there was a small break in the Curtain of Obstruction this week when Republican senators unashamedly ate every word they had spoken when George W. Bush was in power about the horrors of filibustering nominees for federal judgeships. ", "On Tuesday, a majority of Republicans tried to block a vote on the appointment of David F. Hamilton, a rather moderate jurist, to a federal appeals court.", "\n\nThat was actually a helpful comment, because the Republicans have changed the rules on Senate action up and down the line. ", "Hamilton's case is just the one instance that finally got a little play.", "\n\nThankfully, this filibuster failed because some Republicans were embarrassed by it. ", "But Republican delaying tactics have made Obama far too wary about judicial nominations for fear of controversy. ", "He is well behind his predecessor in filling vacancies, a shameful capitulation to obstruction. ", "There's also the fact that the nomination of Christopher Schroeder as head of the Justice Department's Office of Legal Policy, which helps to vet judges, is snarled -- guess where? -- ", "in the Senate.", "\n\nRepublicans are using the filibuster to stall action even on bills that most of them support. ", "Remember: The rule is to keep Democrats from ever reaching the exit.", "\n\nAs of last Monday, the Senate majority had filed 58 cloture motions requiring 32 recorded votes. ", "One of the more outrageous cases involved an extension in unemployment benefits, a no-brainer in light of the dismal economy. ", "The bill ultimately cleared the Senate earlier this month by 98-0 -- yes, that is a zero.", "\n\nThe vote came only after the Republicans launched three filibusters against the bill and also tried to lard it with unrelated amendments, delaying passage by nearly a month. ", "And you wonder why it's so hard to pass health care?", "\n\nDefenders of the Senate always say the Founders envisioned it as a deliberative body that would cool the passions of the House. ", "But Sessions unintentionally blew the whistle on how what's happening now has nothing to do with the Founders' design.", "\n\nThe rules have changed. ", "The extra-constitutional filibuster is being used by the minority, with extraordinary success, to make the majority look foolish, ineffectual and incompetent. ", "By using Republican obstructionism as a vehicle for forcing through their own narrow agendas, supposedly moderate Democratic senators will only make themselves complicit in this humiliation." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nMany to Many \"self\"-relation SQLite: is it possible?", "\n\nI'm using SQLite.net and SQLite-Net Extensions. ", "I would like to create a many to many self-relation.", "\nIn my case I have a child class with some siblings, of course the siblings are still of child type. ", "Therefore I tried to implement a manytomany relation:\nChild Class\n[ManyToMany(typeof(Brotherhood), CascadeOperations = CascadeOperation.", "All)]\npublic List<Child> Siblings_DB { get; set; }\n\nBrotherhood Class\nclass Brotherhood\n{\n [ForeignKey(typeof(Child))]\n public int ID_child1 { get; set; }\n\n [ForeignKey(typeof(Child))]\n public int ID_child2 { get; set; }\n\n}\n\nThat should be all the work.", "\nThen I create a Child and add a sibling in the Siblings list, but when I try to save the class in the DB using InsertOrReplaceWithChildren(Child,true) only ID_child1 is updated and ID_child2 stay to 0.", "\nAny idea? ", "What am I doing wrong?", "\nAlex\n\nA:\n\nAfter some attempts I managed in realising the many to many self relation, I was just a bit confused on having two manytomany relation in the same class: I was wondering which was the \"official\" one. ", "Eventually I understood that both were! ", "And the sum of the siblings was the sum of the two Lists.", "\n[ManyToMany(typeof(Brotherhood), \"ChildID1\", \"Siblings_DB_support\", CascadeOperations = CascadeOperation.", "All)]\npublic List<Child> Siblings_DB { get; set; }\n[ManyToMany(typeof(Brotherhood), \"ChildID2\", \"Siblings_DB\", CascadeOperations = CascadeOperation.", "All)]\npublic List<Child> Siblings_DB_support { get; set; }\n\nAnd the relationship table:\npublic class Brotherhood\n{\n [ForeignKey(typeof(Child))]\n public int ChildID1 { get; set; }\n\n [ForeignKey(typeof(Child))]\n public int ChildID2 { get; set; }\n}\n\n" ]

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[ "Arsene Wenger's Arsenal were in decline and lacked balance between defence and attack, according to new head coach Unai Emery.", "\n\nArsenal finished sixth last season with 63 points, their lowest Premier League tally of Wenger's reign, before Emery's appointment last summer.", "\n\nSpeaking candidly about the Arsenal squad he inherited, Emery has revealed that defensive structure and making the club more competitive against rivals were the key priorities in his new job.", "\n\n\"With time, only technical quality and offensive freedom were taken care of while losing defensive structure,\" Emery told Spanish newspaper Marca.", "\n\n\"What I want is to combine both and become more competitive. ", "Arsenal was in a decline. ", "We had to stop this, and begin climbing.\"" ]

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[ "Minimizing nuclear medicine technologist radiation exposure during 131I-MIBG therapy.", "\n131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine is a norepinephrine analog that concentrates in adrenergic tissue and has been shown to be an effective radiotherapeutic agent used to treat tumors of neural crest origin, particularly neuroblastoma, a sympathetic nervous system malignancy of children. ", "The purpose of this study was to determine the radiation dose received by nuclear medicine technologists while preparing and administering 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy dosages, and if any changes could be implemented that would reduce a technologist's dose. ", "The study involves the collection of total whole body doses received by technologists during the treatment of six patients. ", "Patient dosages ranged from 9.25 to 31.1 GBq, with radiation exposures to the nuclear medicine technologists averaging 0.024 μSv per MBq administered to the patient. ", "Subsequently, the doses received by the technologists were analyzed with respect to specific process steps performed during 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy including package receipt, dosage preparation, and dosage administration. ", "Results show that the largest contribution to the technologist's whole body radiation dose (>83%) is received during the dosage administration process step. ", "After additional shielding was installed for use during the dosage administration process step, technologists' doses decreased 80%." ]

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[ "Wendy’s is once again celebrating all things big by bringing back their $5 Giant Jr. Bacon Cheeseburger Meal at participating locations.", "\n\nThe meal includes a Giant Jr. Bacon Cheeseburger, four-piece chicken nuggets, small fries and a small drink for a suggested price of $5.", "\n\nThe Giant JBC features double the beef, double the applewood-smoked bacon, American cheese, lettuce, tomato, and mayo on a lightly toasted plain bun.", "\n\nAdditionally, and for a limited time, participating locations will also be offering the Giant JBC a la carte for a suggested price of $3.49.", "\n\nOn as side note, when the limited-time Giant Jr. Bacon Cheeseburger first debuted in 2017, it came with two slices of cheese – this time around it only comes with a single slice of American cheese.", "\n\nYou can find the $5 Giant Jr. Bacon Cheeseburger Meal deal at participating locations nationwide for a limited time.", "\n\nImage – Wendy’s" ]

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[ "Get the working capital your business needs–learn more about Entrepreneur Lending, powered by CAN Capital »\n\nVeronica Rose, founder and CEO of Aurora Electric, a Jamaica, N.Y., electrical contracting company, has spent nearly 20 years successfully bidding on government contracts. ", "One of the first women to obtain a master electrician's license in a heavily male-dominated industry, Rose has worked on major projects at JFK International Airport and the World Trade Center. ", "Her seven-person firm boasts a customer list that includes General Electric, NBC and Columbia University.", "\n\nSo how much of the $787 billion in stimulus money that the government approved last year has ended up in Aurora Electric's bank account?", "\n\n\"We haven't seen any of it,\" Rose says. \"", "The stimulus money went to the big infrastructure companies that build highways and bridges--the bigger, deeper, heavier part of our industry where you have to be a big company in order to compete.\"", "\n\nAurora Electric is not alone. ", "A year after the government rolled out the biggest economic stimulus plan in history, small businesses like Rose's are wondering where the money went and why so little of it came their way. ", "While VC-backed startups like Tesla Motors, the Palo Alto, Calif., company that makes electric cars, got a $465 million taxpayer loan, most of the stimulus dollars have ended up in the pockets of big companies that employ thousands of workers, not the millions of small businesses like Rose's that each employ only a handful. ", "In fact, much of the stimulus money has gone to government agencies, bypassing the private sector completely.", "\n\nAccording to a recent analysis by The Wall Street Journal, $112 billion of the $179 billion in stimulus funds shelled out last year went to state governments to plug the gaps in education, Medicaid and unemployment benefits budgets or to boost funding for food stamps and other social services programs. ", "An additional $700 million was spent on administration, and about $47 billion went toward transfer payments, such as $250 checks for Social Security recipients. ", "Some $70 billion in social spending is in the pipeline already, the Journal reported, including grants for local organizations conducting job training programs.", "\n\nWhat's more, ground has yet to be broken on many projects that were touted as \"shovel-ready\" as government agencies in charge of high-speed rail construction and electric vehicle initiatives struggle to get organized. ", "Only about $20 billion was handed out for infrastructure projects in the first year of the stimulus plan, the Journal reported. ", "Widely touted \"signature\" projects--such as $20 billion for doctors to create electronic medical records, $4.5 billion for an energy Smart Grid and $7.2 billion for broadband networks--are still in their early stages.", "\n\nBut while small businesses saw only a trickle of stimulus money last year, better news is on the way in 2010 and 2011, stimulus experts say. ", "Deniece Peterson, manager of industry analysis at INPUT Inc., a Reston, Va., market research firm that analyzes government spending, says that roughly $6 billion of the $21 billion earmarked for businesses that contract with the federal government either directly or through a partner has been set aside for small businesses, defined by the SBA as businesses that employ 500 workers or fewer. ", "Most of that money will go toward businesses in infrastructure-related industries such as construction, engineering, environmental services, and research and development.", "\n\n\"The industries that will benefit the most from the stimulus program are the ones that have the biggest job-creation impact and are aligned with President Obama's priorities,\" Peterson says.", "\n\nOne of the reasons why the stimulus funds have been slow to reach small businesses, Peterson says, is because much of the money went to state governments that have yet to parcel it out. ", "While companies that work directly with the federal government should start seeing money faster, many of the federal projects are still tied up in red tape and could take a year or longer to get started.", "\n\n\"We're seeing 2010 and 2011 as the years when the bulk of the money will start flowing,\" Peterson says. \"", "The government is actually doing a good job of spending the money quickly.\"", "\n\nBut for small businesses in retail or service industries not related to construction or infrastructure, the stimulus package won't offer much relief this year or next.", "\n\n\"The biggest losers of the stimulus program have been the traditional mom-and-pop businesses, and that's been borne out by all the 'For Lease' signs along the main streets of America,\" says Bob Coleman, editor of The Coleman Report and an SBA lending expert. ", "Although the stimulus plan increased the SBA's 7(a) loan guarantees to 90 percent of a qualifying loan and temporarily cut or eliminated fees, banks are still leery of lending to small businesses. ", "According to a U.S. Treasury Department report released in January, the nation's largest banks cut their small-business loan balances by another $1 billion in November 2009, marking the seventh straight month of declines. ", "The banks' total lending fell 4.6 percent in that seven-month period to $256.8 billion, the Treasury Department said.", "\n\n\"The banks are picking the winners and the losers,\" Coleman says. \"", "When you have General Motors and Chrysler in trouble, who can the bankers really trust?\"", "\n\nWhat about local car dealers who saw sales skyrocket last year when the government's Cash for Clunkers program gave consumers up to $4,500 for their trade-ins? \"", "All that did was accelerate future purchases,\" Coleman says. \"", "If you look at restaurants and hotels, there's still too much supply compared to the weak consumer demand.\"", "\n\nIf the majority of small-business owners are to see any benefit from the government's stimulus program, however, it's likely to come in the form of an increase in SBA-backed loans, which now appear to be on the upswing. ", "Despite the big banks' reluctance to lend to small businesses, the SBA's 7(a) lending program guaranteed 12,393 loans for a total of $3.8 billion in the quarter ending Dec. 31, 2009, a 37 percent increase from a year ago at the height of the financial crisis. ", "On Feb. 22, the SBA reactivated the queues for Recovery Act loan applications, the applications that were conditionally approved by the SBA while awaiting the availability of additional Recovery Act funds.", "\n\n\"We've seen some lending interest from banks this year, but the terms are more expensive and have made us cautious as we evaluate the best options,\" says Sanjyot Dunung of Atma Global, Inc., a small New York City multimedia education publisher. \"", "Even with personal guarantees and the SBA guarantee, it still seems that there are fewer options for firms in our industry.\"", "\n\nDunung says that she would like to see the SBA start lending directly to businesses, similar to the way the government runs its student-loan program. \"", "This would make the process more streamlined, faster, and likely provide for better terms for firms like ours,\" she says.", "\n\nFor small contractors like Veronica Rose of Aurora Electric, who had hoped for a shot at some stimulus money, it's back to business as usual. ", "Rose says her firm is currently working on a large government project she originally bid on in 2005 in addition to smaller projects for customers that her firm has been working with for years.", "\n\n\"It's like the bailout,\" she says. \"", "Most of the money will go to the big guys.\"", "\n\nRosalind Resnick\n\nRosalind Resnick is a New York-based freelance writer, entrepreneur, investor and author of The Vest Pocket Consultant's Secrets of Small Business Success." ]

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[ "Q:\n\njava avoid Objects pass by reference\n\nI'm facing problem with object cloning in java. ", "\npublic class TestClass {\n\nprivate int count;\nprivate List<Integer> list;\npublic final int getCount() {\n return count;\n}\npublic final void setCount(int count) {\n this.count = count;\n}\npublic final List<Integer> getList() {\n return list;\n}\npublic final void setList(List<Integer> list) {\n this.list = list;\n}\n\n}\n\npublic class Main {\n\npublic static void main(String[] args) {\nTestClass obj = new TestClass();\nobj.setCount(5);\nList<Integer> temp = new ArrayList<Integer>();\ntemp.add(1);\ntemp.add(2);\nobj.setList(temp);\n\nTestClass newObj= obj;\n\nSystem.out.println(newObj.getList().size());\nobj.getList().add(3);\nSystem.out.println(newObj.getList().size());\n\n}\n\n}\n\nThe output I'm getting here is 2,3. ", "But my desired output is 2,2 but since java assign reference of \"obj\" to newObj. ", "Is there anyway to avoid this? ", "I have seen that serialize the object and deserialize it will give brand new reference to \"newObj\". ", "But is there anyother efficient ways?", "\n\nA:\n\nFirst, you aren't actually cloning which in java means you use the object.clone() method. ", " clone makes a shallow copy of an object. ", " You just made a 2nd reference to the same object.", "\nIn your code, calling \nobj.getList().add(3);\n\nIs the same as\nnewObj.getList().add(3);\n\nWhich is why it is printing the way it is.", "\nYou need to make a deep copy of the object so not only is the instance of TestClass different, but all the fields are different too.", "\nThe easiest way to do this is to make a copy method and/or a copy constructor\npublic class TestClass{\n public TestClass(){\n }\n\n //copy constructor\n public TestClass( TestClass copy){\n this.list = new ArrayList<Integer>(copy.list);\n this.count = copy.count;\n }\n\n ...\n }\n\nThen to use it :\nTestClass newObj= new TestClass(obj);\n\n" ]

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[ "//\n// SBDistributionDownloaderPreferencesViewController.h\n// Mac Linux USB Loader\n//\n// Created by SevenBits on 7/4/14.", "\n// Copyright (c) 2014 SevenBits. ", "All rights reserved.", "\n//\n\n#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>\n#import <RHPreferences/RHPreferences.h>\n\n@interface SBDistributionDownloaderPreferencesViewController : NSViewController <RHPreferencesViewControllerProtocol>\n\n@end\n" ]

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[ "Jesús Jiménez\n\nJesús Jiménez may refer to:\n\n Jesús Jiménez (boxer) (born 1984), Mexican boxer\n Jesús Jiménez (footballer) (born 1993), Spanish footballer\n Jesús Jiménez Barbero (born 1960), Spanish scientist\n Jesús Jiménez Zamora (1823–1897), President of Costa Rica" ]

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[ "PGP9.5 overexpression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.", "\nPGP9.5 is a ubiquitin hydrolase widely expressed in neuronal tissue at all stages of neuronal differentiation and has been used as a neuroendocrine marker. ", "Recently, it has been proved that PGP9.5 expression was highly observed in squamous cell carcinoma of lung cancer, suggesting that it might be a tumor marker for squamous cell carcinoma. ", "To better characterize its role in digestive tract cancers, we examined PGP9.5 expression retrospectively in esophageal cancers. ", "We examined PGP9.5 expression retrospectively in 40 resected esophageal cancers (squamous cell carcinoma) and 10 gastric cancers (adenocarcinoma) using immunohistochemistry. ", "Of 40 esophageal cancer specimens, 19 (48%) exhibited positive staining with PGP9.5 in most tumor cells, while no PGP9.5 expression was observed in any of the 10 gastric cancers. ", "Although the precise mechanism underlying the effect of PGP9.5 on oncogenicity remains to be proven, it was confirmed that it may be a potential marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma." ]

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[ "Rules: Bolt Action Second Edition FAQ Update\n\nAlessio Cavatore has been listening hard to the Bolt Action community, the Bolt Action Second Edition FAQ is now ready to download. ", "You can check the PDF out for FREE here:\n\nFREE in Store\n\nView in Store\n\nView in Store" ]

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[ "MT Tour\n\nMT Tour\n\nThe MT Tour is back for another year and it’s bringing The Dark Side of Japan with it. ", "Take a journey into the MT world and experience Europe’s best selling range of motorcycles.", "\n\nTake time away from the everyday to engage yourself in Japan’s darkest dreams. ", "Prepare for an experience that will transport you to the heart of the Japanese night and get your senses awakened. ", "Emerge in the morning, ready to devastate the streets and create your own urban legend on the 2019 range of MT motorcycles.", "\n\nEnrich your riding experience with MyRide App\n\nSee your riding stats, remember where you went and explore where to go.", "\nMyRide has been created with you in mind, the rider.", "\nDownload it now and enjoy your Ride!" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nPulling a remote windows server architecture in VBScript\n\nI have the following code. ", "I am trying to get the information on whether or not the remote computer I am connecting to is 32-bit or 64 bit. ", "I tried doing it at the last snippet of this code but it didn't work. ", "Here is the error (I changed the remote system name):\n\nWshShell.", "RegRead: Invalid root in registry key\n \"\\*remotesystem*\\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentCon\n trolSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\Environment\\PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE\".", "\n\nOption Explicit\n\nDim objWMISrvc,strRemoteComputer,colOSItems,objItem,args,OsType\n\n'String variables\nDim strName,strCaption,strVersion,strCSDVer,strSerial,WshShell\n\n'Adding this in to transfer FQDN variable to this script from ASP.net\nSet args = WScript.", "Arguments\nstrRemoteComputer = args.", "Item(0)\n\nSet objWMISrvc = GetObject(\"winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\\\\" & strRemoteComputer & \"\\root\\cimv2\")\n\nCheckOSType objWMISrvc\n\nSub CheckOSType( objWMISrvc )\n Set colOSItems = objWMISrvc.", "ExecQuery(\"Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem\",,48)\n For Each objItem in colOSItems\n strName = objItem.", "CSName \n 'strDesc = objItem.", "Description \n 'strManufac = objItem.", "Manufacturer \n strCaption = objItem.", "Caption \n strVersion = objItem.", "Version \n strCSDVer = objItem.", "CSDVersion \n strSerial = objItem.", "SerialNumber \n Next\n\n Set WshShell = CreateObject(\"WScript.", "Shell\")\n OsType = WshShell.", "RegRead(\"\\\\\" & strRemoteComputer & \"\\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager\\Environment\\PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE\")\n If OsType = \"x86\" then\n WScript.", "Echo \"Windows 32bit system detected\"\n elseif OsType = \"AMD64\" then\n WScript.", "Echo \"Windows 64bit system detected\"\n end if\n\nEnd Sub\n\nA:\n\nYou can do this directly from WMI without reading the registry. ", " Just loop through your computer names with this script. ", " It returns either \"32\" or \"64\".", "\nstrComputer = \".\"", "\n\nSet objWMIService = GetObject(\"winmgmt:\\\\\" & strComputer & \"\\root\\cimv2\")\n\nSet colProcessors = objWMIService.", "ExecQuery(\"Select * from Win32_Processor\")\n\nFor Each objProcessor in colProcessors\n WScript.", "Echo objProcessor.", "AddressWidth 'or objProcessor.", "DataWidth\n Exit For\nNext\n\n" ]

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[ "Battlefield 3 releases on PC, PS3 and Xbox 360 on Tuesday. ", "Other titles include Kinect Sports Season Two for the 360 and Kirby's Return to Dreamland on the Wii. ", "Downloadables this week include Daytona USA on XBLA and PSN, a free table for Pinball FX 2 and The War of the Worlds on Xbox 360." ]

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[ "β-Methylphenylethylamines: common fragmentation pathways with amphetamines in electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation.", "\nβ-Methylphenylethylamines are positional isomers of amphetamines and have been discovered in sporting supplements. ", "Although the fragmentation of the β-methylphenylethylamine and N-methyl-β-methylphenylethylamine in gas chromatography-electron ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) systems is significantly different to their amphetamine and methylamphetamine isomers, under electrospray ionization commonly used in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) systems, the fragmentation of each of the isomeric pairs is almost identical. ", "The similarities in fragmentation make it possible for the misidentification of the β-methylphenylethylamines as the illicit amphetamines. ", "It is proposed that the similarities are due to a fragmentation pathway involving a common phenonium ion intermediate. ", "By careful control of fragmentation energies in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) systems and/or close examination of the relative abundances of product ions formed by collision-induced dissociation (qualifier ratios), it is possible to distinguish the β-methylphenylethylamines from the amphetamines, even if significant retention time separation is not achieved. ", "In liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time of flight (LC-ESI-QTOF) systems the mass spectra of the β-methylphenylethylamines are identical to their amphetamine isomers. ", "In such systems, retention time separation of the isomers is critical to avoid misidentification. ", "During this study β-methylphenylethylamine and N-methyl-β-methylphenylethylamine have been identified in commercially available sporting supplements and oral fluid samples taken during the course of road-side drugs-in-drivers and workplace testing programmes. ", "Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd." ]

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[ "List of rulers of Wallachia\n\nThis is a list of rulers of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union with Moldavia in 1862, leading to the creation of Romania.", "\n\nNotes\nDynastic rule is hard to ascribe, given the loose traditional definition of the ruling family (on principle, princes were chosen from any family branch, including a previous ruler's bastard sons, being defined as os de domn, \"of Voivode marrow\", or as having heregie, \"heredity\" (from the Latin hereditas); the institutions charged with the election, dominated by the boyars, had fluctuating degrees of influence). ", "The system itself was challenged by usurpers, and became obsolete with the Phanariote epoch, when rulers were appointed by the Ottoman Sultans; between 1821 and 1878 (the date of Romania's independence), various systems combining election and appointment were put in practice. ", "Wallachian rulers, like the Moldavian rulers, bore the titles of Voivode (\"duke\") or/and Hospodar (\"lord, master\"); when writing in Romanian, the term Domn (from the Latin dominus) was used.", "\n\nMost rulers did not use the form of the name they are cited with, and several used more than one form of their own name; in some cases, the ruler was only mentioned in foreign sources. ", "The full names are either modern versions or ones based on mentions in various chronicles.", "\n\nList\n\nHouse of Basarab\n\nHouse of Bogdan-Muşat\n\nHouses of Basarab and Movilă\n\nVarious dynasties\n\nReferences\n\n \nWallachian rulers\nWallachia\nWallachia" ]

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[ "Isolation of the amyloid P component from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumor of the mouse.", "\nThe amyloid P component was isolated from the mouse EHS tumor, a producer of basement membrane-like material. ", "Following collagenase treatment of the tissue homogenate and centrifugation, the supernatant was purified by calcium-dependent binding to agarose, and elution with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. ", "Identification of the purified material as the amyloid P component was established by immunodiffusion and electron microscopic appearance as 8.5 nm pentagonal units, frequently assembled into columns. ", "SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis yielded 25,000 D bands, suggesting that the amyloid P is of the mouse type. ", "It is proposed that the mouse amyloid P component extracted from the tumor is located within the basotubules present in the pericellular matrix." ]

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[ "Wonder Woman\n\nThe Last Amazon\n\nSeptember 22, 2014 3:27 pm\n\nThe Wonder Woman Family Museum occupies a one-room bunker beneath a two-story house on a hilly street in Bethel, Connecticut. ", "It contains more than four thousand objects. ", "Their arrangement is higgledy-piggledy. ", "There are Wonder Woman lunchboxes, face masks, coffee mugs,…" ]

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[ "Linn Jørum Sulland\n\nLinn Jørum Sulland (born 15 July 1984) is a Norwegian handballer for Vipers Kristiansand and formerly the Norwegian national team.", "\n\nShe has played for Győri Audi ETO KC, Larvik HK and Stabæk IF.", "\n\nNational team\n\nHandball\nShe made her debut on the Norwegian national team in 2004.", "\n\nBeach handball\nLinn Sulland received a bronze medal at the 2007 European Beach Handball Championship, where she was also the tournament's top scorer. ", "In 2009, she was part of the team that won a silver medal at the European Championship in Larvik.", "\n\nClub career\nSulland was top scorer in the Norwegian league in the 2005/2006 season (shared top position with Linn-Kristin Riegelhuth, 159 goals), as well as player of the year () and best right back of the year ().", "\n\nAchievements\n\nNational team\nOlympic Games:\nWinner: 2012\nWorld Championship:\nWinner: 2011, 2015\nSilver Medalist: 2007\nEuropean Championship:\nWinner: 2008, 2010\nSilver Medalist: 2012\n\nEuropean competitions\nEHF Champions League:\nWinner: 2010/2011\nFinalist: 2013, 2015, 2016\nBronze Medalist: 2018/2019\nEHF Cup:\nFinalist: 2018\n\nDomestic competitions\nNorwegian Championship:\nWinner: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017/2018\nSilver Medalist: 2016/2017\nNorwegian Cup:\nWinner: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019\n Hungarian Championship:\nWinner: 2016\nHungarian Cup:\nWinner: 2016\n\nIndividual awards\n All-Star Right Back of Eliteserien: 2018/2019\nEliteserien Top Scorer: 2006, 2018\nEHF Cup Top Scorer: 2018\n All-Star Right Back of the Møbelringen Cup: 2018\nEHF Champions League: Topscorer 2018/2019 (89 goals)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1984 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Norwegian female handball players\nCategory:Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary\nCategory:Handball players at the 2012 Summer Olympics\nCategory:Olympic handball players of Norway\nCategory:Olympic gold medalists for Norway\nCategory:Olympic medalists in handball\nCategory:Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics\nCategory:Győri Audi ETO KC players\nCategory:Sportspeople from Oslo" ]

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[ "Ruth is determined to make a difference for people with this rare lung disease.", "\n\nWe don’t know what causes IPF. ", "It kills around 5,000 people every year and there’s no cure. ", "Around 32,500 people across the UK have it and approximately 7,800 people are diagnosed with it each year.", "\n\nHalf of all people diagnosed with IPF die within 3 years.", "\n\nPeople with IPF (which stands for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) have scarred lungs, which are thick and hard. ", "This makes it hard to breathe.", "\n\nYou and I might take breathing for granted, but people with IPF tell me that they feel out of breath all the time. ", "Eventually, they will 'die of suffocation'.", "\n\nFalling off a cliff\n\nKnowing this must be so difficult. ", "Yet I am in awe at the strength people show in the face of such adversity.", "\n\nOne incredible man called David said, “My condition worsened, like falling off a cliff. ", "I know that I am a dying man. ", "But not yet matey – try again next week.”", "\n\nAnd Ron has even managed to take on a triathlon. ", "He had to walk instead of run, struggled in the water, and a lack of oxygen forced him to end his bike ride early. ", "But he was determined to finish and is a huge inspiration.", "\n\nWhen Joyce found out she had IPF, nobody could tell her what it meant.", "\n\n“Doctors admitted that even they didn’t know much about IPF. ", "It’s like being hit by lightning and so life-changing that I find it difficult to recognise who I am”.", "\n\nWe’ll never give up\n\nWe’re working really hard to make sure more is done to help fight this terrible disease.", "\n\nWe’ve put together loads of free information, run regular support groups across the country and special events where people can learn about IPF from the experts.", "\n\nWe’re making sure IPF is a priority for politicians by launching our special report in parliament and setting out our plan for what government needs to do.", "\n\nAnd our research will help find new treatments and cures, and stop people getting IPF in the first place.", "\n\nWe’re making great progress, but there’s still a long way to go. ", "We will never give up.", "\n\nHow you can show your support this IPF week" ]

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[ "Cynoscionicola\n\n\n\nSystematics and morphology\nCynoscionicola is a genus which belongs to the family Microcotylidae and class Monogenea. ", " Species of Cynoscionicola are ectoparasites that affect their host by attaching themselves as larvae on the gills of the fish and grow into adult stage. ", "This larval stage is called oncomiracidium, and is characterized as free swimming and ciliated.", "\nThis genus was proposed by Price in 1962, to accommodate Cynoscionicola heteracantha and Cynoscionicola pseudoheteracantha (previously included in the genus Microcotyle). ", "\nMembers of Cynoscionicola are characterised by a genital atrium with two anterior muscular pockets armed with single row of hooked spines, and two posterior lateral muscular pouches armed with spines.", "\n\nSpecies\nAccording to the World Register of Marine Species, this genus includes 14 species:\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Microcotylidae\nCategory:Monogenea genera" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nUsing Lagrange multipliers to find the extrema of $f(x,y) = e^{2xy}$ subject to $x^2+y^2 = 16$\n\nFind the maximum and minimum values of $f = e^{2xy}$ with respect to $x^2+y^2 = 16$.\n\nUsing Lagrange multipliers,\n$\\nabla f = \\lambda\\nabla g$. Therefore, the constraints are the following:\n$$x^2+y^2 = 16$$\n$$2ye^{2xy} = \\lambda2x$$\n$$2xe^{2xy} = \\lambda2y$$\nHow would I solve this system of equations?", "\n\nA:\n\nIf you note that $x\\neq 0$ and $y\\neq 0$ you can divide the second equation by the third and get:\n$$\\frac{2ye^{2xy}}{2xe^{2xy}} = \\frac{2\\lambda x}{2\\lambda y} \\ ,$$\nwhich after simplification says that $x^2=y^2$. Taking the first equation, you can then write\n$$x^2 + y^2 = 2x^2 = 16$$\nThis gives $x=\\pm 2\\sqrt{2}$ and therefore four possible solutions $(x,y)=(\\pm 2\\sqrt{2},\\pm 2\\sqrt{2})$, where all sign combinations are possible.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "The contests to replace state Sen. Dan Schoen and Rep. Tony Cornish will be quick and expensive — and offer an important window into voter sentiments less than a year ahead of the state’s next major election." ]

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[ "La numai 36 de ani, Diana Dragomir conduce o echipă de cercetători în cadrul Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ", "FOTO: Arhivă personală\n\nDiana s-a mutat împreună cu familia sa în Canada încă de când avea 11 ani, iar apoi a urmat studiile Facultăţii de Fizică din cadrul Universităţii McGill din Montreal. ", "A continuat apoi cu un doctorat în astronomie la Universitatea British Columbia din Vancouver, după care a ales SUA, unde a efectuat studii postdoctorale la Universitatea California Santa Barbara şi la Universitatea Chicago.", "\n\nÎn prezent, este cercetător la Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) şi are o bursă din partea NASA. ", "Anul viitor, ea va preda astronomia şi îşi va continua cercetările la Universitatea New Mexico din Albuquerque.", "\n\nAdevărul: Ce v-a atras în domeniul astrofizicii şi cum aţi ales să vă specializaţi în exoplanetologie?", "\n\nDiana Dragomir: Totul a pornit de la un proiect la care am lucrat pe când urmam masteratul şi mi-a plăcut foarte mult, aşa că am decis să urmez un doctorat în astrofizică. ", "Îmi place şi pentru că această meserie cuprinde mai multe domenii, pentru că aici se intersectează fizica, astronomia, matematica, chimia şi biologia. ", "Toate se întrepătrund, e un domeniu vast şi foarte, foarte interesant. ", "În plus, mi-am dorit să aflu răspunsul la o întrebare care frământă omenirea: există viaţă în spaţiu sau suntem, totuşi, singuri în acest univers imens?", "\n\nŞi care credeţi că este răspunsul la această întrebare?", "\n\nDacă mă întrebaţi asta peste 10 ani, e posibil să-mi schimb părerea. ", "Sau nu. ", "Personal cred că există viaţă şi pe alte planete, iar asta e o provocare pentru cercetătorii şi pentru oamenii de ştiinţă din domeniu. ", "Şi mai cred că într-un orizont de 10, cel mult 20 de ani, vom afla răspunsul. ", "Şi va fi, zic eu, un răspuns pozitiv!", "\n\nArgumente în favoarea existenţa vieţii în spaţiu\n\nCare ar fi principalele argumente pentru existenţa vieţii şi în alte locuri din univers?", "\n\nCa exoplanetologi, descoperim şi cercetăm numeroase planete aflate în afara sistemului solar. ", "Multe dintre aceste planete au dimensiuni asemănătoare cu Terra, sunt situate la distanţe aproximativ egale de stelele lor cu cea la care este situat Pământul nostriu faţă de soare, iar unele au atmosferă, ba şi chiar şi apă. ", "În plus, în ultimii doi ani s-au făcut descoperiri care au demonstrat că planetele mici, comparabile ca dimensiuni cu Terra, se formează mult mai uşor decât planetele uriaşe gazoase. ", "Şi mai e ecuaţia Drake, mai e şi faptul că numai în Calea Lactee există circa 100 de miliarde de stele, fără să mai vorbim de celelalte galaxii!", "\n\nFiecare stea are cel puţin o planetă. ", "Şi hai să spunem că doar una dintr-o sută ar putea oferi condiţii asemănătoare cu cele de pe pământ şi tot am avea un număr impresionant de candidate. ", "Noi încercăm să identificăm planete de dimensiunile Terrei, care să aibă atmosferă, apă – dacă se poate în stare lichidă – iar temperaturile să nu depăşească 100 de grade. ", "Bineînţeles că mai trebuie să întrunească şi alte condiţii pentru a putea găzdui viaţa, dar m-am referit la principalele. ", "Să nu uităm că în ultimii ani au fost descoperite circa 4.000 de exoplanete.", "\n\nCele mai importante descoperiri\n\nCare a fost cea mai importantă descoperire pe care aţi făcut-o în ultimul timp?", "\n\nEu şi echipa pe care o conduc am descoperit că o exoplanetă asemănătoare Terrei, HD 97658b, îşi tranzitează steaua, adică trece prin faţa ei. ", "Se ştia că există această planetă, dar nu erau cunoscute niciun fel de detalii. ", "Steaua devine de fiecare dată un pic mai puţin strălucitoare atunci când planeta trece prin faţa ei, iar noi am măsurat scăderea luminii.", "\n\nPractic, cu cât scade strălucirea stelei, cu atât mai mare e exoplaneta respectivă. ", "Pe baza acestor observaţii se fac calcule şi se determină dimensiunea planetelor. ", "În cazul de faţă, este vorba despre o planetă gazoasă cam de două ori mai mare decât Terra şi având o atmosferă mult mai mare.", "\n\nAm mai descoperit că o altă planetă, GJ 3470b, cam de mărimea lui Neptun, are un cer albastru şi apă în atmosferă. ", "A fost pentru prima dată când am observat şi studiat o exoplanetă cu un telescop relativ mic, de un metru, iar rezultatul nostru marchează o etapă importantă spre astfel de studii pentru exoplanete din ce în ce mai mici.", "\n\nCe telescop folosiţi în prezent pentru studiul acestor planete?", "\n\nÎn ultimul timp lucrăm cu telescopul TESS, de la Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ", "A fost construit în colaborare cu NASA şi a costat cam 300 de milioane de dolari. ", "TESS tocmai a fost lansat în aprilie 2018, şi urmeaza sa descopere câteva mii de exoplanete necunoscute pâna acum. ", "Multe descoperiri au fost făcute şi cu telescopul Keppler, care a fost inaugurat încă din 2009. ", "Acest telescop a funcţionat timp de patru ani fixat doar pe un mic petec de cer, dar chiar şi aşa a descoperit circa 2.000-3.000 de exoplanete.", "\n\nDin păcate, aceste planete se află în jurul unor stele prea îndepărtate şi putin stralucitoare, aşa că nu pot fi studiate în detaliu.", "\n\nTESS va descoperi la fel de multe exoplanete, dar în jurul unor stele aflate mult mai aproape de noi, la mai puţin de 300 de ani lumina. ", "Abia aştept să pot măsura tot felul de detalii despre aceste planete, inclusiv ce molecule se afla în atmosferele lor!", "\n\nCe aşteptări aveţi pe viitor?", "\n\nÎn primul rând, cred, mă aştept să descoperim viaţă. ", "Mă gândesc că poate se va reuşi acest lucru cu James Webb Space Telescop, un telescop uriaş care costă 10 miliarde de dolari şi care ar urma să fie lansat în 2021. ", "Este visul oricărui astronom să lucreze cu el. ", "Plus că, în următorii 10-20 de ani vor apărea şi alte noi telescoape. ", "Inclusiv în Europa se va construi unul foarte mare de circa 40 de metri, iar în SUA vreo două având dimensiuni de aproximativ 25 de metri." ]

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[ "Digium is the creator and primary sponsor of the Asterisk project. ", "Digium also makes and sells Switchvox, a turnkey IP PBX. ", "We created this guide to answer some of the common questions that will help you choose the system that is right for your business.", "\n\nAsterisk is an open source communications engine that transforms commodity computers into powerful communications servers. ", "It is free, but requires programming expertise.", "\n\nSwitchvox is the Unified Communications solution built on Asterisk but has a GUI that is already designed for you. ", "It is an affordable IP PBX for small and midsize businesses.", "\n\nWe often are asked how to choose between these two solutions, so we created this helpful guide to explain the differences and help you decide!", "\n\nThis guide answers these types of questions about Asterisk and Switchvox phone systems:\n\nWhat can I build with Asterisk?", "\n\nHow do I get started?", "\n\nWhat type of Linux expertise do I need?", "\n\nWhat features are available in Switchvox?", "\n\nWhat is included in the Switchvox IP PBX system?", "\n\nHow will my phone system be supported?", "\n\nWant to get more information to make the informed decision? ", "Get the free guide!" ]

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[ "I looooooove this card Peggy!The image is gorgeous and so are the shape and all the embellies that you added..Thanks for playing along in our monthly Craft Heaven Shop Challenge..Hugs, Tina (owner and operator at Craft Heaven Shop)" ]

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[ "Evaluation of a Renal Transplant Program for Incarcerated ESRD Patients.", "\nRenal transplantation (Tx) improves mortality and morbidity but is limited by availability of suitable organs. ", "Clinical and economic impact of a Tx program for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) prisoners was evaluated. ", "Wait list time and patient and organ survival rates were assessed. ", "Twelve of the 104 ESRD prisoners at a prison dialysis unit were activated; 9 transplanted, 2 released active on the United Network for Organ Sharing list, and 1 died after listing. ", "Kidneys from antibody-positive hepatitis C (HepC) donors were given to consenting HepC antibody-positive recipients. ", "The average waiting period was 6.6 months for HepC-positive kidney recipients and 49.6 months for others. ", "Compared with costs of continuing dialysis, Tx resulted in substantial savings. ", "Patients with HepC experienced good graft and survival rates when given grafts from HepC donors, suggesting that transplantation is a viable, cost-effective option for the incarcerated patient with ESRD including those who have chronic HepC infection." ]

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[ "Silver halide photothermographic imaging materials, especially \"dry silver\" compositions, processed with heat and without liquid development have been known in the art for many years. ", "Such materials are a mixture of light insensitive silver salt of an organic acid (e.g., silver behenate), a minor amount of catalytic light sensitive silver halide, and a reducing agent for the silver source.", "\nThe light sensitive silver halide is in catalytic proximity to the light insensitive silver salt such that the latent image formed by the irradiation of the silver halide serves as a catalyst nucleus for the oxidation-reduction reaction of the organic silver salt with the reducing agent when heated above 80.degree. ", "C. Such media are described in U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "3,457,075; 3,839,049; and 4,260,677. ", "Toning agents can be incorporated to improve the color of the silver image of photothermographic emulsions as described in U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "3,846,136; 3,994,732 and 4,021,249. ", "Various methods to produce dye images and multicolor images with photographic color couplers and leuco dyes are well known in the art as represented by U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "4,022,617; 3,531,286; 3,180,731; 3,761,270; 4,460,681; 4,883,747 and Research Disclosure 29963.", "\nA common problem that exists with these photothermographic systems is the instability of the image following processing. ", "The photoactive silver halide still present in the developed image may continue to catalyze print-out of metallic silver even during room light handling. ", "Thus, there exists a need for stabilization of the unreacted silver halide with the addition of separate post-processing image stabilizers or stabilizer precursors to provide the desired post-processing stability. ", "Most often these are sulfur containing compounds such as mercaptans, thiones, thioethers as described in Research disclosure 17029. ", "U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,245,033 describes sulfur compounds of the mercapto-type that are development restrainers of photothermographic systems as do U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "4,837,141 and 4,451,561. ", "Mesoionic 1,2,4-triazolium-3-thiolates as fixing agents and silver halide stabilizers are described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,378,424. ", "Substituted 5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles such as 3-amino-5-benzothio-1,2,4-triazole as post-processing stabilizers are described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,128,557; 4,137,079; 4,138,265, and Research Disclosure 16977 and 16979.", "\nSome of the problems with these stabilizers include thermal fogging during processing or losses in photographic sensitivity, maximum density or, contrast at stabilizer concentrations in which stabilization of the post-processed image can occur.", "\nStabilizer precursors have blocking or modifying groups that are usually cleaved during processing with heat and/or alkali. ", "This provides the remaining moiety or primary active stabilizer to combine with the photoactive silver halide in the unexposed and undeveloped areas of the photographic material. ", "For example, in the presence of a silver halide precursor in which the sulfur atom is blocked upon processing, the resulting silver mercaptide will be more stable than the silver halide to light, atmospheric and ambient conditions.", "\nVarious blocking techniques have been utilized in developing the stabilizer precursors. ", "U.S. Patent No. ", "3,615,617 describes acyl blocked photographically useful stabilizers. ", "U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "3,674,478 and 3,993,661 describe hydroxyarylmethyl blocking groups. ", "Benzylthio releasing groups are described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,698,898. ", "Thiocarbonate blocking groups are described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,791,830, and thioether blocking groups in U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "4,335,200, 4,416,977, and 4,420,554. ", "Photographically useful stabilizers which are blocked as urea or thiourea derivatives are described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,310,612. ", "Blocked imidomethyl derivatives are described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,350,752, and imide or thioimide derivatives are described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,888,268. ", "Removal of all of these aforementioned blocking groups from the photographically useful stabilizers is accomplished by an increase of pH during alkaline processing conditions of the exposed imaging material.", "\nOther blocking groups which are thermally sensitive have also been utilized. ", "These blocking groups are removed by heating the imaging material during processing. ", "Photographically useful stabilizers blocked as thermally sensitive carbamate derivates are described in U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "3,844,797 and 4,144,072. ", "These carbamate derivatives presumably regenerate the photographic stabilizer through loss of an isocyanate. ", "Hydroxymethyl blocked photographic reagents which are unblocked through loss of formaldehyde during heating are described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,510,236. ", "Development inhibitor releasing couplers releasing tetrazolylthio moieties are described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,700,457. ", "Substituted benzylthio releasing groups are described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,678,735; and U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "4,351,896 and 4,404,390 utilize carboxybenzylthio blocking groups for mesoionic 1,2,4-triazolium-3-thiolates stabilizers. ", "Photographic stabilizers which are blocked by a Michael-type addition to the carbon-carbon double bond of either acrylonitrile or alkyl acrylates are described in U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "4,009,029 and 4,511,644, respectively. ", "Heating of these blocked derivatives causes unblocking by a retro-Michael reaction.", "\nVarious disadvantages attend these different blocking techniques. ", "Highly basic solutions which are necessary to cause deblocking of the alkali sensitive blocked derivatives are corrosive and irritating to the skin. ", "With the photographic stabilizers which are blocked with a heat removable group, it is often found that the liberated reagent or by-product, for example, acrylonitrile, can react with other components of the imaging construction and cause adverse effects.", "\nAlso, inadequate or premature release of the stabilizing moiety within the desired time during processing may occur.", "\nThus, there has been a continued need for improved post-processing stabilizers that do not fog or desensitize the photographic materials, and stabilizer precursors that release the stabilizing moiety at the appropriate time and do not have any detrimental effects on the photosensitive material or user of said material." ]

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[ "Kenichi Matsuoka Baseball player\n\nBirthday\n\nMonday, June 07, 1982\n\nCountdown\n\nDays left until next birthday: 297\n\nBirthplace\n\nTamana Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture\n\nAge\n\n36 years old\n\nBirth Sign\n\nGemini\n\nAbout Kenichi Matsuoka\n\nKenichi Matsuoka, born in Tamana Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture (36 years old) (松岡 健一 Matsuoka Ken'ichi born June 7 1982 in Tamana Kumamoto Japan) is a professional Japanese baseball player. ", "He plays pitcher for the Tokyo Yakult Swallows.", "\n\nWhen is Kenichi Matsuoka's birthday?", "\n\nKenichi Matsuoka was born on the 07th of June 1982, which was a Monday. ", "Kenichi Matsuoka will be turning 37 in only 297 days from today.", "\n\nHow old is Kenichi Matsuoka?", "\n\nKenichi Matsuoka is 36 years old. ", "To be more precise, the current age as of right now is 13217 days, 14 hours, 2 minutes and 19 seconds." ]

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[ "Correlates of physical fitness improvement among a Navy remedial exercise sample.", "\nThis study investigated influences on physical fitness improvement among Navy remedial exercise program participants. ", "Subjects were 27 Navy personnel who had failed to pass the body composition, aerobic fitness, or curl-up portion of the semiannual physical readiness test. ", "The remedial exercise program consisted of three 1-hour exercise sessions per week for 16 weeks, with primary emphasis on running and walking. ", "To determine influences on physical fitness improvement, physical readiness test and self-report survey data were collected and analyzed through bivariate Pearson correlation. ", "No correlations were found between any of the study variables and weight change. ", "Initial body fat was positively correlated (r = 0.470, p < 0.05), whereas initial body weight (r = -0.490, p < 0.05) and perceptions of exercise leadership (r = -0.690, p < 0.05) were negatively correlated with reductions in body fat. ", "Positive correlates of improvements in 1.5-mile run time were initial run failure (r = 0.637, p < 0.01), perceived exercise benefits (r = 0.574, p < 0.01), and perceptions of social support (r = 0.543, p < 0.05). ", "Exercise mode (walking group) was negatively correlated (r = -0.445, p < 0.05) with improvements in run time. ", "In conclusion, this study demonstrated that various personal, program, and environmental factors influence improvements in physical fitness status." ]

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[ "\n988 A.2d 729 (2009)\nCOM.", "\nv.\nSANTELL.", "\nNo. ", "2030 MDA 2008.", "\nSuperior Court of Pennsylvania.", "\nNovember 6, 2009.", "\nAffirmed.", "\n" ]

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[ "Overview\n\nLocation\n\nVarthur\n\nNo. ", "of Towers & Floors\n\nOn Request\n\nUnit Variants\n\n1, 2, & 3 BHK\n\nTotal Area\n\n47 Acres\n\nNo. ", "of Units\n\n4000+\n\nPossession Date\n\nDec, 2023 Onwards\n\nBrigade Utopia Location\n\nBrigade Utopia is coming up in extensive suburbs off Varthur Road, East Bangalore. ", "This strategic location gives the advantage of being in close proximity to major SEZ & Info Tech clusters of Whitefield, Marthahalli, Koramangala, Sarjapur Road and Electronic City. ", "The self - sustainability of this region gives the fortitude of leading a comfortable lifestyle with all required conveniences at your near adjacency. ", "Notable Schools, colleges, work spaces, supermarkets, grocery marts, shopping malls, restaurants, fuel stations and entertainment forums are at walkable distance of Brigade Cornerstone Utopia.", "\n\nResidential Apartments in Bangalore East\n\nThe integrated market of East Bangalore has set a favourable orb for residential market, which has fostered top-notch residential communities in this zone of the city. ", "Whitefield, Marthahalli Old Airport Road, Old Madras Road, KR Puram, Sarjapur Road and Varthur Road are the prime localities of East Bangalore which have well developed residential areas within their vicinity with an array of elegantly drafted residential apartments with world-class interiors, exteriors, specifications and amenities. ", "These residential communities are developed over vast boundaries giving scope for landscaped outdoor areas.", "\n\nHow to reach Brigade Utopia from Kempegowda Airport?", "\n\nBrigade Utopia – a grand residential formulation by renowned Brigade Group is coming up in well-established locales off Varthur Main Road – Bangalore East. ", "These two regions have good transport network which keeps them well connected to each other. ", "There are various forms of transport available in forms of BMTC buses, cabs and Airport Taxis which frequently traverse between these two zones. ", "The distance between Brigade Utopia and Kempegowda International Airport is about 45 Kms via NH 44. ", "Other approach routes available are via Whitefield-Hoskote Road (42 Kms) and via Bellary Road (48 Kms).", "\n\nHow to reach Brigade Utopia from Majestic Railway station?", "\n\nThe distance between Brigade Utopia and Majestic is around 18 Kms via HAL old Airport Road. ", "One can also commute via Suranjan Das Road (20 Kms) or via Outer Ring Road (21 Kms) to reach Brigade Utopia from Majestic. ", "The approximate travel time between these places varies from 1 hour to 1 hour 15 minutes depending on the traffic flow. ", "Brigade Utopia is a lofty residential township coming up in eminent residential surrounds off Varthur Road – East Bangalore. ", "East Bangalore zone has an excellent social and physical infrastructure which has significantly contributed to the development of housing endowments in this region.", "\n\nHow to reach Brigade Utopia from Mysore Road?", "\n\nThis residential community is being developed by Brigade Groups and hosts premium apartments of type 1, 2, 2.5 and 3 Bedroom units with well-heeled amenities, facilities and services. ", "The approximate commute distance between Brigade Utopia and Mysore Road is 24 Kms via Mysore Main Road; it is around 22 Kms via Mysore Road-HAL Old Airport Road and is about 25 Kms via Mysore Road-Swami Vivekananda Road. ", "The travelling time varies between 1 hour and 1 hour 30 minutes in average traffic hours. ", "Brigade Utopia is located in uptown neighbourhood off Varthur Main Road, Bangalore.", "\n\nHow to reach Brigade Utopia from Tumkur main Road?", "\n\nThis township is located on Varthur Main Road - Bangalore and is developed by esteemed real-estate brand of Brigade. ", "Tumkur Road stretching towards the North-west region of the city is situated at a distance of around 30 Kms from Brigade Utopia via NH 75. ", "One can also commute through HAL Old Airport Road (28 Kms) or via NH75-Outer Ring Road (34 Kms). ", "These regions are well connected through good transport network, facilitating easy commute to its commuters. ", "Brigade Utopia is a stately residential community showcasing luxury abodes loaded with grand niceties and facilities.", "\n\nHow to reach Brigade Utopia from Sarjapur main Road?", "\n\nBrigade Utopia is an outstanding residential venture offering luxury apartments of various sizes, coupled with modern interiors and amenities, best suited for upscale livelihood. ", "Brigade Utopia is located in plush suburbs off Varthur Road, Bangalore. ", "The distance between Brigade Utopia and Sarjapur Road is 13 Kms via NH 44and Balagere Road. ", "The proximal travelling time in a private car is between 20 – 30 minutes. ", "Brigade Utopia and Sarjapur Road are well connected through BMTC buses, cabs, taxis and auto-rickshaws. ", "Brigade Utopia is an outstanding residential venture offering luxury apartments of various sizes, coupled with modern interiors and amenities, best suited for upscale livelihood.", "\n\nHow to reach Brigade Utopia from Electronic City phase 1?", "\n\nThe premise is a brainchild of Brigade Group and is located at a short drive distance from IT district of Electronic City hosting several multi-national companies. ", "The approximate distance between Brigade Utopia and Electronic City is 20 Kms when traversed via Chandrapura-Dommasandra Road/SH 35, it is around 19 Kms via SH 35 and 16 Kms via Dommasandra Huskur Road with tentative traverse time of 20 to 40 minutes. ", "Brigade Utopia located on Varthur Road - Bangalore is a gated residential community offering beautifully outlined apartments with urban interiors and brilliant amenities.", "\n\nHow to reach Brigade Utopia from Hebbal Junction?", "\n\nThe project offers vaastu compliant luxury abodes aided with top-notch amenities and niceties. ", "Hebbal is a prominent neighbourhood of North Bangalore with many IT firms and commercial establishments. ", "The distance between Brigade Utopia and Hebbal is 28 Kms via NH 44 and NH 75. ", "One can also commute via SH 35 and NH 75. ", "The tentative travelling time is close to 1 hour 20 minutes during moderate traffic influx. ", "Brigade Utopia is an esteemed residential township by Brigade Groups coming up in palatial surrounds off Varthur Road – Bangalore.", "\n\nHow to reach Brigade Utopia from Kanakapura main Road?", "\n\nThe premise is located at a distance of 25 Kms from Kanakapura Road when traversed via 100 Feet Road/Outer Ring Road. ", "One can also take NH 48 (35 Kms) or NH 48/SH 35 (39 Kms) routes to bisect through these two places. ", "The travelling time differs between 1 hour 10 minutes and 1 hour 20 minutes in regular traffic hours. ", "Brigade Utopia is a sumptuous residential community featuring premium abodes of various sizes and configurations, developed by Brigade Groups and located in appealing locales off Varthur Road, Bangalore.", "\n\nAffordable Apartments in Bangalore East\n\nThe government initiatives towards Affordable Housing section has acted as a catalyst in augmentation of this housing form. ", "The government has granted infrastructure status to affordable housing, giving developers access to cheaper sources of funding, including external commercial borrowings (ECBs). ", "All these factors have positively impacted the affordable apartments in Bangalore. ", "Brigade Utopia by Brigade groups located off Varthur Road is a pre-launch venture which offers 1, 2, 2.5, 3 and 4 Bedroom apartments equipped with top-notch amenities and services. ", "As per a recent trusted survey, there has been a significant surge in affordable housing projects across eight major cities of India and Bangalore realty market is one among them.", "\n\nHow far is Brigade Utopia from the Varthur Police Station?", "\n\nThe distance between Brigade Utopia and Varthur police station is about 300 meters. ", "After passing the Varthur Police Station, head towards gunjur next to vinayaka theatre you will arrive at the Brigade Utopia project.", "\n\nThings to Know Before Buying Apartment in Bangalore East\n\nThe proximity to IT majors of Whitefield, Marthahalli and Koramangala has been the capital catalyst of this growth. ", "Prime localities of East Bangalore like Whitefield, Marthahalli Old Airport Road, Old Madras Road, KR Puram and Sarjapur Road have endorsed many renowned establishments within their vicinity. ", "Home seekers looking for properties in East Bangalore might want to consider following points before beaming on their favourite apartment: Decide on the exact neighbourhood where u want to buy an apartment, choose the right builder apartment, check the legality of the land, verify the builder-buyer contract document, look for any additional charges, check the amenities provided and verify the onset and possession date for prelaunch/ongoing projects. ", "The Eastern zone of Bangalore has witnessed an upswing in the real-estate domain with growing demand for both commercial and residential properties with each passing year.", "\n\nBrigade Cornerstone Utopia\n\nBrigade Cornerstone Utopia is the latest upcoming residential apartment project in the rapidly developing neighborhood of Varthur, Bangalore – by Brigade Group. ", "This residential project located in East Bangalore features the very best in Brigade’s signature luxury, safety, facilities, and a host of other essentials packaged with beautiful landscapes all around. ", "The apartments are skilfully designed by top-rated Architects of the industry to deliver the best living spaces to its inhabitants.", "\n\nBrigade Cornerstone Utopia is guaranteed to bring a quality living experience to the community of Varthur with brilliant architecture and equivalent lifestyle. ", "Brigade Group, the developer, is one of India’s premier real estate developers having produced some of the Bangalore’s most recognizable properties over the past few decades. ", "Brigade Utopia is located in Varthur near Sarjapur and Whitefield housing 1, 2 and 3 BHK spacious Apartments with luxurious exteriors and interiors.", "\n\nAmenities\n\nBrigade Cornerstone Utopia Location\n\nDisclaimer: This Website Is In The Process Of Being Updated. ", "By Accessing This Website, The Viewer Confirms That The Information Including Brochures And Marketing Collaterals On This Website Are Solely For Informational Purposes Only And The Viewer Has Not Relied On This Information For Making Any Booking/Purchase In Any Project Of The Company. ", "Nothing On This Website, Constitutes Advertising, Marketing, Booking, Selling Or An Offer For Sale, Or Invitation To Purchase A Unit In Any Project By The Company. ", "The Company Is Not Liable For Any Consequence Of Any Action Taken By The Viewer Relying On Such Material/ Information On This Website. ", "This Website Belongs To OSS Homes Official Partner Of Brigade Group." ]

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[ "China has run a small-scale test of the \"nuclear option\" in its trade war with the US by selling $20 billion of US government debt.", "\n\nIf China sold its $1.2 trillion in US Treasurys, it could raise America's borrowing costs, weaken the US dollar, and plunge global markets into chaos.", "\n\nHowever, a fire sale would strengthen the yuan, making Chinese exports less attractive, and could spin the currency out of control.", "\n\nVisit Markets Insider's homepage for more stories.", "\n\nChina has already run a small-scale test of the \"nuclear option\" in its trade war with the US. ", "The Asian nation sold $20 billion worth of US Treasurys in March, possibly foreshadowing a total offloading of American government bonds that would plunge global markets into chaos.", "\n\nChina is the biggest foreign holder of US government debt, with more than $1.2 trillion in Treasurys or about 7% of the entire market. ", "The latest sale represents its largest disposal in more than two years, according to the Financial Times. ", "While the world's second-largest economy occasionally sells US Treasurys to replenish its reserves or support its currency, the yuan, those don't appear to be the reasons for the latest dumping.", "\n\nThe idea of a fire sale has been gaining traction. \"", "Many Chinese scholars are discussing the possibility of dumping US Treasuries and how to do it specifically,\" Hu Xijin, the editor-in-chief of state-aligned Chinese tabloid Global Times, tweeted this month.", "\n\nA wholesale disposal of US Treasurys by China would weaken the US dollar and hike America's borrowing costs, causing significant disruption to its economy. ", "UBS recently predicted a sale would raise the 10-year yield on US Treasurys by 30 to 40 basis points, driving it as high as 2.754% based on its current yield.", "\n\nHowever, yields could also fall if investors buy US Treasurys in anticipation of the Federal Reserve reacting to a worse global economic backdrop and delaying interest-rate hikes, argued Joe Weisenthal, Bloomberg's executive editor for daily news, in a daily markets email.", "\n\nIt's highly unlikely China will pull the trigger, though. ", "There are few other markets that could absorb its massive reserves and offer as attractive a return as US Treasurys. ", "As a major player in global trade, China also needs dollar reserves for its international dealings. ", "Selling US Treasurys could also strengthen the yuan, making Chinese exports more expensive and harder to sell, and potentially spin the currency out of control.", "\n\nThe sale came shortly before the Trump administration accused Chinese officials of sabotaging a prospective trade deal and hiked tariffs to 25% on $200 billion worth of Chinese imports. ", "The US is also preparing to expand tariffs to another $300 billion worth of Chinese goods, and has blacklisted the Chinese telecom giant Huawei. ", "China has retaliated with higher tariffs on $60 billion of US imports starting in June.", "\n\nPresident Xi Jinping and Vice Premier Liu He, the nation's top trade negotiator, visited a rare-earth magnet factory in eastern China this week. ", "The highly publicized trip may have signaled their willingness to cut off America's supply of rare-earth materials, which are widely used in its manufacturing, technology, and defense industries.", "\n\nGiven the potentially devastating consequences for the global economy and the significant risk of backfiring, China is unlikely to hit the nuclear button and sell its US Treasurys. ", "The more likely explanation is that China is sending a signal to Trump that he should watch his step." ]

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[ "Primary osteogenic sarcoma with pulmonary metastasis: clinical results and prognostic factors in 91 patients.", "\nOsteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. ", "The long-term outcome is poor for patients with metastatic disease. ", "From June 1989 to January 2008, 202 patients (128 males and 74 females) with high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities were treated at our institution. ", "Patients were divided into three groups depending on the time of identification of pulmonary metastasis: group A, identified with primary tumor diagnosis; group B, during whole treatment course; and group C, after completion of treatment. ", "Long-term survival was calculated and factors related to metastases were analyzed. ", "Ninety-one patients developed pulmonary metastases; 21 in group A, 18 in group B and 52 in group C. The mean period from initial diagnosis to lung metastases in groups B and C was 22.2 months (+/-20.6). ", "Five-year survival rates were 82.0% and 38.3% in the non-metastasis group and metastasis group, respectively (P < 0.001). ", "The 5-year survival rate was significantly worse in group A than in group B or C (0%, 7.4%, 59.5%, P < 0.001), in patient with more than one lobe involved (27.0%, P = 0.006) and more than three pulmonary nodule metastases (21.3%, P = 0.002). ", "Factors related to the pulmonary metastasis were: old age (65.5% in older than 27.5 years old and 41.6% in younger, P = 0.017), large tumor volume (54.4% in larger than 202.5 ml and 33.7% in smaller, P = 0.005) and elevated lactodehydrogenase (LDH; 55.1% vs.31.0% in normal, P = 0.001). ", "The prognosis of osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases is dismal, especially for patients who have primary pulmonary metastases, more than three pulmonary metastatic nodules or involvement of more than one lobe. ", "Factors such as older age, larger tumor volume and elevated LDH may reflect high metastatic rate." ]

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[ "Our apartment was only a five minute walk from this spectacle. ", "After dinner, we often walked here to marvel, yet again, at the sight. ", "There were always one or two spray paint artists, wearing respirators, surrounded by a couple dozen cans of aerosol cans, deftly wielding stencils, spraying away. ", "In 5 or 10 minutes selling their finished painting.", "\nI don’t paint quite that quickly!", "\n\nThis was fun to paint, once I got the proportions right. ", "I sat across the street in a tiny park area with a few benches to do the drawing. ", "The painting I did back at our apartment where I had more room to spread out mixing these colors, not to copy the color of the Coliseum, bit to evoke it's age and solidity, surviving the eons of plunder.", "\n\nThis wrought iron gate is along the long stair climb up to San Pietro in Vincoli, St. Peter in Chains. ", "Besides the chains, the church has the impressive Michelangelo statue of a massive seated Moses with the 10 commandments tucked under his arms.", "\n\nThis is a suggestion of Berninni’s baroque fountain of the four rivers: Nile, Ganges, Danube, and Rio de la Plata. ", "The rivers represent the four parts of the world: Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas respectively." ]

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[ "Before Monta there was Antwain. ", "And any opponent brave enough to slash into the lane of Lanier High’s defense had to contend with Antwain Ellis. ", "With his long reach and feline instincts, the 6-foot-8 power forward made a habit of spiking basketballs out of the paint. ", "Patrolling the middle for Lanier, a basketball powerhouse in Jackson, Mississippi, the elder Ellis possessed a unique blend of power and grace. ", "He played point guard as a freshman, but after sprouting several inches over the summer, he shifted inside without sacrificing his playmaking ability. “", "Put it this way,” Darius Rice, a high school teammate who later starred at the University of Miami, says, “Antwain was a professional.”", "\n\nIn 1999, Ellis was the anchor of Lanier’s Class 5A state championship run; his late-game dunk against Provine High School helped clinch the title. “", "When it was time to pull off, we showed no mercy,” Ellis told The Clarion-Ledger afterward. ", "The win was Lanier coach Thomas Billups’s fourth state championship in his 600-win career. “", "There were only two players in this state that I thought were going to be drafted out of high school,” Billups says. “", "Antwain and Jonathan Bender.”", "\n\nFor two seasons, Ellis played for the memory of former teammate Ronnie Gaylor. ", "In August 1997, authorities alleged that Gaylor visited Kecia Brown at her home to collect an unpaid drug debt of $30. ", "Brown told police that Gaylor attacked her when she refused to give him the money. ", "Darlene Cheek, another woman in the house, grabbed a shotgun and fired at Gaylor, the bullet grazing him. ", "Then Brown stabbed Gaylor three times in the chest with a kitchen knife, killing him.", "\n\n“After it happened, the team didn’t miss a beat, we kept rolling,” Rice says. “", "But every minute of [every] game was about that, about him.”", "\n\nBrown was indicted on murder charges in December 1997 and convicted a year later. ", "The tragedy and its aftermath affected everyone on the team, but no one more than Antwain Ellis. “", "You know how you can be so close to somebody that when they die, it’s like they take a part of you with them?” ", "asks Angelo Broadus, a youth basketball coach in Jackson. “", "That’s the way [Ellis] was. ", "I don’t think he ever recovered from that.”", "\n\nEllis continued to play, leading the team to a championship in 1999, but his interest in basketball had begun to wane. ", "College recruiters slowly began to evaporate. ", "He stopped showing up for class. ", "Something irrevocable had happened to Antwain. “", "We didn’t know what it was, but we could see it happening,” Billups says.", "\n\n“When [Gaylor] died, it really affected Antwain worse than anybody. ", "He was his absolute best friend and it was several days before they had found his body in that abandoned house where a drug deal had gone bad,” says Sylvester Kyles Jr., an assistant coach at Lanier from 1996 until 2004. “", "It really got to Antwain, and my understanding from the other guys on the team was he got onto some bad drugs. ", "He was smoking some marijuana, somebody had laced it with something, and it affected him really adversely. ", "He came back his senior year and played a little bit and finished school. ", "But the last I heard, Antwain was kind of just wandering around the neighborhood, not really in his full mind.”", "\n\nLanier’s ball boy during that championship season was Antwain’s younger brother, Monta.", "\n\n“[Antwain] was the first star of their family,” says Greg Riley, who coached a young Monta. “", "He was the star of the high school. ", "He was the kid that everybody wanted to be. [", "Monta] definitely wanted to be like him because everybody wanted to be like him.”", "\n\nMonta was five years younger, and five inches shorter, than his brother. ", "Before he began to drift, Antwain drew chalk lines in the street so Monta and their cousins could run suicide drills. “", "I just fell in love with basketball from day one,” Monta Ellis, now a guard for the Milwaukee Bucks, says from the team’s practice facility. “", "I give that credit to my older brother. ", "Watching him, him showing me the game, what his coaches were showing him. ", "At his age, he was coming home [every day] and showing it to me.”", "\n\nMonta spent his Sunday afternoons watching NBA games on TV. ", "It always seemed like the games between the Magic and Bulls, Kings and Lakers, Knicks and Heat came down to the last second. ", "After the games ended, Monta would go outside to mimic the last-second shots on his makeshift court, a garbage can on one end and a milk crate on the other. “", "I always approach the game like I approached it when I was a little boy,” Ellis says. “", "It’s just basketball.”", "\n\nMonta Ellis’s game is simple. ", "Unless he’s lighting it up with one of his trademark scoring barrages, he appears to be fairly unremarkable. ", "He isn’t big. ", "He doesn’t talk trash. ", "He shows little emotion. ", "He is singularly focused. ", "He often imagines himself as a kid again, shooting into that milk crate with no backboard, willing the ball in so he won’t have to chase down an errant shot. ", "Growing up, he trained himself to tune out the noise on Jackson’s Bailey Avenue: the hustle of a drug deal, the crack of gunshots. ", "Those memories, the same ones that consumed his brother Antwain, still haunt Monta. “", "It wasn’t pretty,” Ellis says. “", "I still have nightmares about the things that I’ve done seen.”", "\n\nThere’s a thin line between potential and prosperity. ", "Monta seized his opportunity. ", "Under different circumstances, Antwain might have done the same.", "\n\n“You talk about somebody who should have been in the league?” ", "says Jonas James, Monta’s middle school coach, about Antwain. “", "Oh my lord, that kid could do everything with a basketball for his size. ", "He could block a shot. ", "He could dunk it on you. ", "He was some kind of special.”", "\n\nBut Antwain didn’t make it.", "\n\n“He would have made a far better pro prospect than Monta,” Kyles Jr. says, “because he had the same skills, but he was five inches taller.”", "\n\nMississippi is rarely regarded as a basketball stronghold. “", "But if you talk to the right person, they know,” says Utah Jazz guard Mo Williams, a product of Jackson’s Murrah High School, who played against Antwain Ellis in high school. ", "Mississippi hosts no professional teams, and the occasional Marshall Henderson notwithstanding, the states’ colleges are rarely competitive. ", "But dig deeper and you’ll find a professional pipeline. ", "Jonathan Bender from Picayune, Starkville’s Travis Outlaw, and Al Jefferson from Prentiss all declared for the NBA straight out of high school. ", "From 1995 to 2005, only California produced more high schoolers drafted straight into the league with Illinois and Texas tying Mississippi with four. ", "That exodus forced local colleges such as the University of Mississippi and Mississippi State to approach phenoms with caution.", "\n\n“Coach [Rick] Stansbury recruited Jonathan Bender for four years,” says Phil Cunningham, a former assistant at Mississippi State. “", "It’s a long way from Starkville to Picayune. ", "He was telling me about driving back and forth. ", "Jonathan was one of the first ones to leave early in high school [in 1999]. ", "Then we had Travis Outlaw. ", "Travis was right there in Starkville. ", "We watched him from the time he was little, all the way up, and we saw how good he was. ", "He goes straight to the NBA. ", "But they’re both big guys, right? ", "Then Monta comes along.”", "\n\nMonta Ellis was a local legend by the time of his recruitment. ", "He began humbly with Operation Shoestring’s Project KIDS, an after-school program that taught him about basketball while building self-esteem. ", "The nonprofit, designed to promote racial harmony, originated in 1968 in the basement of a Methodist church — eventually, it morphed into a safe haven for underprivileged kids from Jackson.", "\n\n“You might walk by the park on your way to school and see somebody get stabbed,” Riley says of Bailey Avenue. “", "You could be playing a pickup game and see somebody get shot.”", "\n\nOperation Shoestring renovated an antiquated furniture store into an after-school center and converted a warehouse into a basketball half court. ", "With 9-foot ceilings, the rims reached just 7½ feet, but even in that compromised environment, Ellis stood out.", "\n\n“He was skin and bones, a bean stick,” Riley says. “", "You think he doesn’t have enough strength to shoot the ball, but he did. ", "You think he can’t lay it up, but he did. ", "He looked so weak and fragile, but once he started playing, you forgot how weak and fragile he looked and you start thinking, I hope he doesn’t embarrass me.”", "\n\nEllis always played above his age, with Antwain and his friends Mo Williams and Justin Reed, who played at Ole Miss and briefly in the NBA. “", "He was a dynamic player,” Williams says. “", "He was a special player. ", "You saw that early on.” ", "Billups, long familiar with the Ellis family, watched Monta during open-gym runs before his freshman year at Lanier. ", "He decided at that moment to turn over the program’s reins to the younger Ellis.", "\n\nWith his freakish feel for scoring, he owned Mississippi high school basketball for the next three years. “", "There is no question [that Antwain’s troubles fueled] him,” Kyles says. “", "Monta was the straitlaced kid at the school. ", "We never had a problem with Monta sagging his pants or earrings or talking back to anybody. ", "This young man was the perfect gentleman. ", "He was so driven. ", "There was actually a point in high school where we gave Monta the keys to the gym because we were tired of going up there and opening the gym up for him late at night.”", "\n\nEarly on, Broadus filmed Ellis’s games. ", "Eventually, he had to stop. “", "I couldn’t keep up with him,” Broadus says. “", "The tape would be on one end and he would already be on the other end.” ", "During one game, Ellis overheard a Greenwood High School coach telling his team that Ellis was just an ordinary player. ", "Ellis had scored 15 points in the first half when the coach made his speech. ", "We’ll see about that, he thought to himself. ", "He finished the game with 65.", "\n\nAfterward, someone told Ellis he’d be held to 17 in his next game against Greenwood. “", "I asked which quarter,” Ellis says. “", "I had to sit out the last three minutes of the first half because I was in foul trouble. ", "I had 23. ", "So then, the second half starts, I was shooting the ball and I was just having fun. ", "I wasn’t bent on breaking any record. ", "But I wasn’t missing. ", "You do a heat check — I took two steps across half court, shot a 3. ", "It went in. ", "Then I took another step across half court and shot. ", "It went in. ", "Then the next time, I damn near shot it from half court and it rolled in and then comes out. ", "Coach was like, ‘If you’re going to do all that, you might as well break the record.'”", "\n\nEllis finished with 72 points, the most in Lanier history. ", "He scored 4,167 points in his high school career — shattering the state mark held by NBA veteran Othella Harrington. ", "Ellis scored 42 points in a loss to an Oak Hill team that featured Josh Smith and Rajon Rondo, prompting Smith to hand over his tournament MVP trophy to Ellis. ", "Ellis dropped another 46 points in a hyped matchup against South Gwinnett High School’s Louis Williams.", "\n\n“The first thing I remember is walking into an arena that was sold out with 11,000 people booing us when we got there,” says Williams, now a member of the Hawks. “", "I remember Monta Ellis T-shirts and jerseys. ", "Everybody was there for him. ", "I just remember [thinking], Wow. ", "This is a guy that’s in high school and he has this thing sold out as if he’s a pro or if he had made it already. ", "His whole town was supporting him. ", "I remember thinking to myself during the game that I had never played against somebody in high school who basically plays the same way that I play and has the impact on the game the exact same way. ", "I was trying to find a way to trump that. ", "Obviously it didn’t work out. ", "We went into three overtimes and he ended up winning the game.”", "\n\n\n\nEllis verbally committed to Mississippi State in February 2004. ", "A few months later, Sebastian Telfair declared for the 2004 NBA draft. ", "It was a watershed moment. ", "Before Telfair, Kobe Bryant and DeShawn Stevenson were the only guards to successfully make the transition from high school to the NBA. ", "Bryant and Stevenson, who stood about 6-foot-5, flexed prototypical NBA bodies for a shooting guard. ", "But Telfair was just 6 feet and looked like hundreds of other high school players, his outstanding athletic skill notwithstanding. ", "The Trail Blazers selected Telfair with the 13th overall pick, igniting a significant shift in thinking regarding undersize high school guards.", "\n\n“We were in Denver, Colorado, for Team USA,” says Williams, a 6-foot-1 guard taken 45th in the 2005 draft after bypassing college. “", "We were watching the draft on television and when Sebastian got drafted 13th, I think all of our light bulbs went off: If he can do it, we can go pro, too. ", "He’s small just like us. ", "I think that was the moment when guys started preparing themselves to go into their senior year like, We think we can go pro.", "\n\nCollege recruiters noticed, too. “", "You know how coaches wear those polos with their logos on them at recruiting events?” ", "asks Cunningham. “", "It went from, ‘Is Alabama going to show up to try and recruit Monta away? ", "Is North Carolina?’ ", "to NBA logos [everywhere], all of a sudden, when Monta played. ", "It was the San Antonio Spurs or Phoenix Suns or Atlanta Hawks.”", "\n\nTelfair may have cleared a path, but Ellis says he’d always planned to enter the NBA out of high school. ", "He was fulfilling a prophecy he had made to a best friend when they were kids. ", "Ellis was about 6-foot-3, bigger than Allen Iverson. ", "And if Iverson could play in the NBA, Ellis figured he could as well. ", "He loved for people to doubt him so that he could prove them wrong. ", "But Ellis still had made a commitment to Mississippi State. “", "They’re the home team,” Ellis says about his choice. “", "I guess [I did it] to get their recruiting class up.”", "\n\nBefore his decision was final, Cunningham laid out the facts for Ellis. ", "He jotted down the expected salaries of each first-round pick, one through 30, explaining the difference between what Chris Paul — then a sophomore at Wake Forest and a projected top-five pick — would make versus a player drafted in the late teens. “", "Monta, think about this,” Cunningham told him. “", "If you come to Mississippi State for one year, you’re going to be the best player in the SEC. ", "You’ll be MVP of the SEC. ", "You’ll probably be first-team All-American. ", "You think if you come here for one year, you can’t be as good as Chris Paul and be a top pick in the draft next year and make this type of money as opposed to going in right now and [then] you’re locked into this lower spot?”", "\n\nEllis looked at him with cold, blank eyes. ", "Cunningham had seen those eyes before. ", "They were the same unforgiving eyes that made Cunningham want to recruit Ellis in the first place. ", "Ellis flatly and firmly told Cunningham that he was already better than Paul. “", "That very second, I knew it was over,” Cunningham says.", "\n\nOne of the NBA polos that Cunningham noticed belonged to the Golden State Warriors. ", "Front-office members Chris Mullin, Mitch Richmond, and Rod Higgins made a pit stop in Jackson on their way to the Big East tournament in 2005. ", "Mullin remembers being impressed by Ellis’s athleticism. “", "His numbers were astronomical, those 40-point games,” Mullin says. “", "We always liked him.”", "\n\nThe Warriors selected Ellis in the second round, 40th overall, after knee surgery limited his workouts. ", "Though he had fallen in the draft, he wasn’t dismayed. ", "He only needed his foot in the NBA’s door, he told friends. ", "It wasn’t long before teammates took note of his speed and athleticism. “", "His rookie year, we were in Hawaii for training camp and in the first four days of training camp, he was the best player on the court,” Baron Davis says.", "\n\nDespite his gifts, Ellis needed time to develop. ", "Mike Montgomery, the Warriors coach during Ellis’s rookie season, needed wins. ", "So Ellis rarely left the bench. “", "He probably didn’t like me all that much,” Montgomery says. “", "It was hard for me to imagine a kid coming straight from high school to an NBA situation, and then he had had health issues a little bit. ", "You could see his ability to go right, particularly, was phenomenal. ", "His first step was phenomenal. ", "But we did have some pretty good guards. ", "There wasn’t a lot of playing time for him there.”", "\n\nMario Elie, a Warriors assistant, tried to make it clear to Ellis that he’d have to wait his turn. “", "I didn’t understand that no matter how good you think you are and what you can do for that team, you always have to wait your opportunity and just be ready for it,” Ellis says.", "\n\nSo he bristled on the bench. ", "Veterans like Calbert Cheaney and Derek Fisher tried to mentor Ellis. ", "Cheaney invited him over for Thanksgiving that year, where Ellis bragged about his 72-point game. “", "There is no way you scored 72 points in one game,” Cheaney said to him. ", "So Ellis went home and returned with a VHS recording of the game.", "\n\n“Lo and behold, he had 72 points,” Cheaney says. “", "He was giving it to them every which way: dunks, shooting the ball well beyond the NBA line.”", "\n\nEllis improved dramatically during his sophomore season. ", "The Warriors had fired Montgomery and Don Nelson had returned to the organization. ", "Nelson’s frenzied up-and-down pace suited Ellis’s speed and athleticism so much that he picked up a nickname: “The Mississippi Missile.” “", "That was the whole reason that people got to see the Monta Ellis of today,” Ellis says.", "\n\nBut Ellis and Nelson had a love-hate relationship. “", "Nellie sometimes really got on his case,” says Russell Turner, a Warriors assistant at the time. “", "Monta never realized that sometimes his body language wasn’t positive. ", "For a young guy that’s never really been called out like that, that was really an interesting moment. ", "The guys that make it have that ability to fight through that, and the guys that don’t have that to go with their talent kind of wash out.”", "\n\nThat season, the Warriors made a trade with Indiana that transformed their team. ", "Golden State acquired Al Harrington, Stephen Jackson, Sarunas Jasikevicius, and Josh Powell in exchange for Troy Murphy, Mike Dunleavy Jr., Ike Diogu, and Keith McLeod. ", "The trade elevated Golden State’s athleticism, and Harrington and Jackson instantly clicked in Nelson’s offense. ", "The Warriors finished the season on a 16-5 run, nudged their way into the playoffs, and made history in becoming just the second no. ", "8 seed to upset a top seed by dominating Dallas. ", "Their team motto, “We believe,” became a mantra in the Bay Area.", "\n\nBut success proved fleeting. ", "The Warriors traded mainstay Jason Richardson in the offseason. ", "One by one, pieces from that team slowly left the organization. “", "Our plan was to continue on with that group,” Mullin says. “", "We felt we had that in place, but management felt differently.”", "\n\nThe Warriors won 48 games in 2007-08, six more than the previous year, but still failed to make the playoffs. ", "Davis, then still a dynamic point guard, left for the Clippers in the 2008 offseason following a bitter contract negotiation. “", "We really felt like we were one piece away,” Davis recently said. “", "It was unfortunate that it was just bad communication up top with management about the team being broken up. ", "But it was like the one time that you really had a team kind of like a brotherhood. ", "We were all for it for the same reasons, to win and make each other look good. ", "We all understood each other on and off the court. ", "It was just like a special team. ", "You don’t get too many moments in your NBA career, win or lose, to be part of something so special.”", "\n\nDespite the dissolution of that team, Ellis became a fan favorite. ", "He followed his Most Improved Player Award in 2007 by averaging 20.2 points in the 2007-08 season. ", "But then, just as everything was coming into focus, he put his career in peril. ", "While riding a moped back home in Jackson in August 2008, he tore a ligament in his left ankle, just weeks after signing a contract worth $66 million over six years. ", "Ellis originally told team executives that he sustained the injury while working out. ", "He still seems conflicted about the incident.", "\n\n“You’re just doing something you’ve done all your life,” Ellis says. “", "You’re not jerking. ", "You’re not playing. ", "You’re not goofing off and a freak accident happens. ", "OK, at first you lie about it. ", "You’re scared. ", "You don’t know what’s going to happen. ", "You just put in all that work and all that time to get what you play for and then for an accident like this to happen that could jeopardize that, you don’t know what to do. ", "You panic, right? ", "OK, they find out the actual deal of what happened. ", "Somebody tells them this is the deal of what happened.”", "\n\nThe injury, and the lie, led to an awkward, confrontational meeting between Ellis; his agent, Jeff Fried; Mullin; then Warriors owner Christopher Cohan; and Robert Rowell, team president at the time. ", "Ellis, whose injury was caused by an activity that violated his player contract, apologized for lying and agreed to return just less than $3 million.", "\n\n“Then [Cohan], the old owner, started yelling, started pointing his finger, and I lost it for a minute because I felt like he was talking to me like they just gave me a deal, which that wasn’t the case,” Ellis says. “", "I worked hard. ", "I earned it. ", "It was hard to get that deal. ", "Did I make a mistake? ", "Yes, I did. ", "But I earned that deal. ", "It wasn’t like you just gave me something just to be giving me that. ", "And then I felt like even though I was 20 years old, inside those lines, I was a grown man. ", "So you can talk to me like a grown man. ", "You don’t have to point your finger all at me like I’m one of your sons that you’re raising in your household.”", "\n\nThe Warriors, Ellis says, wanted him to return $500,000 more. ", "The meeting revealed a power struggle among Mullin, Nelson, and Rowell. “", "Chris Mullin made it perfectly clear to both Mr. Cohan and myself that he didn’t think this was a big deal at the beginning,” Rowell told reporters. “", "And we happen to think it’s a very big deal.” ", "Ellis returned from the injury in January. ", "He played slowly and tentatively at first, before putting it together in March. ", "He scored 42 points in an overtime win against Sacramento in April.", "\n\nFamiliar faces continued to fade. ", "Mullin left the Warriors in May 2009 when the team declined to renew his contract. “", "I definitely have strong feelings about that situation,” Mullin says. “", "That’s looking at the whole situation. ", "My support for him [after the injury] was the way to go.” ", "Local newspapers reported that Rowell had taken offense that Mullin received most of the credit for acquiring the pieces of the “We Believe” team.", "\n\n“Chris Mullin, he had my back 100 percent,” Ellis says. “", "And they jerked him off. ", "Then when they jerked him off because he was sticking up for me as being a guy who made a mistake or a young man who made a mistake, when they did that to him, I was totally off the organization then. ", "There wasn’t nothing I could do then, because who could I trust? ", "The people that I could trust in the organization, you had just sent them away. ", "It was a dark cloud from then on with the owner in that organization there.”", "\n\nThe Warriors soon became Ellis’s team, but his ascension coincided with the team’s downfall. ", "Fatherhood and marriage brought maturity, though Ellis seemed unsettled in other areas. ", "He fumed about his teammates. ", "Every year, media day became a spectacle. ", "In 2009, Ellis announced at a media session that he and rookie Stephen Curry could not play in the same backcourt together. ", "Ellis maintains that he was only being realistic about the situation.", "\n\n“I mean, [we were] in the West,” Ellis says. “", "How are you going to make it work? ", "Steph is a 2-guard, but they’re playing him at the 1. ", "How are you going to make that work? ", "That’s just how I felt. ", "You’ve got two 6-foot-2, 6-foot-3 guards, both 185 pounds, if that. ", "How are you going to win like that?”", "\n\nTrue or not, with the dissension that Ellis brewed, either he or Curry would have to be traded. ", "The Warriors ultimately chose Ellis, sending him, Kwame Brown, and Ekpe Udoh to the Milwaukee Bucks last season in exchange for Ellis’s old teammate Stephen Jackson and Andrew Bogut. ", "Ellis says the trade caught him by surprise.", "\n\n“The thing is with that, you trade me, you didn’t let my agent know that you were going to trade me,” he says. “", "The killing thing about that, I’m in Sacramento, the trade deadline is going on and I talked to them. ", "We talked to them. ", "They said, ‘You’re not getting traded. ", "You’re not going anywhere. ", "Get ready for the game.’ ", "I’m cool with that. ", "We were just two games out of the eighth spot for playoffs. ", "We rolling. ", "Everybody’s jelling. ", "We good. ", "I get from the hotel to the gym. ", "I’m getting dressed, the next thing you know, it comes on the bottom of the screen. ", "One of my teammates sees it. ", "I say, ‘Nah, I ain’t getting traded. ", "They said I’m not getting traded.’ ", "At the bottom of the screen, it comes across again. ", "I’m fitting to go out there and work out for the game. ", "Then Mark Jackson brings me back, he tells me, ‘Well, they didn’t want me to tell you, but I’m going to be a man and tell you we traded you.’ ", "Those were his exact words.”", "\n\nJoe Lacob, who became Warriors co-owner in 2010, detailed the trade in an e-mail to the San Jose Mercury News’s Tim Kawakami. “", "I feel badly that players have to see their lives change on TV before we can even say anything,” he wrote. “", "Ridiculous. ", "But it is the rules.” ", "Lacob called Ellis “a tremendous talent and very exciting.” ", "He added: “The fact is we just hit a home run.”", "\n\n“After everything I’ve done for that organization, playing through injuries, going out there every night, competing every night, leaving everything on the floor, for them to do me the way they did, it stung a little bit,” Ellis says of the trade. “", "At the same time, I put some dirt on it and moved on.”", "\n\nHe joined another small, speedy backcourt in pairing with Brandon Jennings. “", "I realized, I’ve just got to do what I’ve got to do,” Ellis says. “", "If I play the 2, I just got to play the 2.” ", "Ellis averaged 17.6 points in 21 games with Milwaukee last season. ", "The Bucks finished four games behind Philadelphia for the conference’s final playoff spot.", "\n\n“The difference here?” ", "Ellis says. “", "You’ve got guys over here that actually play hard. ", "Over there, guys didn’t play hard. ", "They didn’t play hard at all. ", "They make it out to seem like ‘Monta was the selfish guy. ", "He was always the one complaining.’ ", "But if you look at it, I was averaging five or six assists throughout my whole career, top five in steals for at least six of the eight years I’ve been in the NBA. ", "What more can I do? ", "Everything was pointed at me. ", "Everything was pointed at Monta. ", "But what more you want me to do? ", "You had [me] guarding the best player every night. ", "There’s nothing else I can do.”", "\n\nMonta Ellis remains one of the few players in the NBA capable of filling it up from nearly anywhere on the court. “", "It feels great because no matter what you throw up, it’s going to go in,” Ellis says of his mental approach on the court. “", "And then when the shots are going in, even the tough ones, you’ve got everybody saying, ‘Ooh, aah.’ ", "And everybody’s going to always talk about that game, that moment.”", "\n\nThroughout his career, Ellis has been derided by proprietors of advanced stats, particularly in recent years. ", "There is a cold quality to his game — all volume, little efficiency. ", "When he’s on, he’s on. ", "But when he’s off, the shots don’t stop. ", "But he never doubts his ability, which is why he thinks that next midrange jumper will snap through the net, even if he’s missed his previous seven. “", "He has the ability to understand handling being the hero very humbly and being the goat if it doesn’t go well,” says Keith Smart, who coached Ellis in Golden State.", "\n\nThis season, inefficient or not, Ellis has helped the Bucks qualify for the playoffs for the first time since 2010. (", "Unfortunately, the team’s first-round opponents are the 66-win Miami Heat.) ", "After that, the Bucks will have a big decision to make about their backcourt. ", "Ellis can opt out of his contract, and the $11 million he would make, to become a free agent this summer. ", "The Bucks also have to navigate Jennings’s restricted free agency and the unrestricted free agency of newly acquired guard J.J. Redick. ", "It’s unlikely that all three will return — head coach Jim Boylan is still determining how to divvy minutes to all three in the same backcourt.", "\n\n“I don’t try to put too much on me when you know you’re dealing with the NBA season, period,” Ellis says. “", "I just play basketball, and when it’s time to worry about situations like that, I’ll just worry about it then.”", "\n\nToo often, Antwain Ellis found himself surrounded by the wrong people. ", "Monta knows his brother should have been in the NBA before him, paving the way just as he did at Lanier. ", "Instead, in 2008 their mother, Rosa, found Antwain at his Jackson home with two gunshot wounds in his back. ", "Police believe he had been shot elsewhere before staggering home.", "\n\nMiraculously, Antwain survived. ", "And it seems to have changed something in him.", "\n\n“I think he’s back to his old self,” Ellis says. “", "He plays basketball with a little traveling team that one of his ex-teammates started. ", "He’s back to playing basketball.”", "\n\nMonta Ellis is criticized for being a volume shooter, a feast-or-famine scorer, a gunner. ", "But it takes a strong will to take the meaningful shot. ", "He knows he’s blessed to be playing in the NBA — so he’s making (and taking) the most of it. ", "He thinks about that every time he goes back home.", "\n\n“To this day,” Ellis says in his soft Southern drawl, “my grandma asks me, every time I go back home, how I made it out of here.” ", "He doesn’t finish the thought, but we know the answer.", "\n\nThis article has been updated." ]

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[ "Just three days before the mass shooting in El Paso, the former FBI Assistant Director for Counter Intelligence warned in a New York Times op-ed that President Trump was fanning the flames of race-based terrorism. ", "Frank Figliuzzi, who wrote that opinion piece, joins Andrea Mitchell to discuss alongside Jane Murguia, President and CEO of UnidosUS, Nick Rasmussen, a former director of the national counterterrorism center, and Charlie Sykes, editor in chief of The Bulwark." ]

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[ "/*\r\n * Copyright (C) 2010 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.", "\r\n *\r\n * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\r\n * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\r\n * are met:\r\n * 1. ", "Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\r\n * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.", "\r\n * 2. ", "Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\r\n * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\r\n * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.", "\r\n *\r\n * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY APPLE INC. ", "AND ITS CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS''\r\n * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,\r\n * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\n * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. ", "IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE INC. ", "OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS\r\n * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR\r\n * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF\r\n * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS\r\n * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN\r\n * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)\r\n * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF\r\n * THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.", "\r\n */\r\n\r\n#ifndef WebCoreInstanceHandle_h\r\n#define WebCoreInstanceHandle_h\r\n\r\ntypedef struct HINSTANCE__* HINSTANCE;\r\n\r\nnamespace WebCore {\r\n\r\n// The global DLL or application instance used for all windows.", "\r\nextern HINSTANCE s_instanceHandle;\r\n\r\ninline void setInstanceHandle(HINSTANCE instanceHandle) { s_instanceHandle = instanceHandle; }\r\ninline HINSTANCE instanceHandle() { return s_instanceHandle; }\r\n \r\n}\r\n\r\n#endif // WebCoreInstanceHandle_h\r\n" ]

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[ "Introduction: oxidation and inflammation, a molecular link between non-communicable diseases.", "\nNon-communicable diseases are, by definition, those chronic diseases that are non-infectious and non-transmissible. ", "The most common non-communicable diseases are obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular, chronic respiratory and neurological diseases. ", "Altogether, they are the commonest cause of death and disability in modern world. ", "Recent investigations show that many of these diseases share common pathophysiological mechanisms and are, at least in part, different manifestations in different organs of similar molecular alterations. ", "Mitochondrial alterations, oxidative stress and inflammation are inextricably linked and play major roles in the onset and development of non-communicable diseases. ", "Therefore, it is conceivable that pharmacological or nutritional manipulation of oxidation and inflammation allows a significant decrease in the mortality and morbility associated to these diseases." ]

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[ "Introduction {#Sec1}\n============\n\nStudies on drug addicts and corresponding animal models seem to offer the best chance for revealing the underlying neurobiological bases of addiction, which may help the development of better therapies. ", "The transition from drug abuse to full addiction (loss of control over drug intake) seems to involve an individual vulnerability and prolonged, intensive intake of the addictive substance. ", "This shift occurs in a varying minority (depending on the drug) of drug users, humans, and their experimental animal \"equivalents\" (Anthony et al. [", "@CR6]; Ahmed [@CR2]). ", "This observation stresses the potential utility and need for early identification of susceptible individuals, which would help develop addiction prevention strategies and reduce the number of animals and costs associated with the experimental procedures aimed at developing drug dependence/addiction in laboratory rodents. ", "However, an adequate method remains missing.", "\n\nIn rodent studies of addiction, increasing attention is being given to 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalization (USV), which can be induced by a variety of pleasing factors (Brudzynski and Pniak [@CR14]; Wang et al. [", "@CR60]; Brudzynski [@CR13]; Barker et al. [", "@CR11]), including stimulants and some other addictive drugs, as well as the context of prior exposure to drugs (Burgdorf et al. [", "@CR15]; Ma et al. [", "@CR32]; Hamed et al. [", "@CR25]; Wright et al. [", "@CR63]; Mahler et al. [", "@CR34]; Lehner et al. [", "@CR29]). ", "Past studies on non-contingent amphetamine (AMPH) treatment (Simola et al. [", "@CR51]; Taracha et al. [", "@CR53], [@CR54]; Pereira et al. [", "@CR42]) have shown that 50-kHz USV, especially the frequency-modulated (FM) variety, can reflect a number of typical drug effects, including rewarding action, sensitization, and tolerance. ", "In addition, rats with a stronger 50-kHz USV response had stronger conditioned place preference (Burgdorf et al. [", "@CR16]; Ahrens et al. [", "@CR4]; Taracha et al. [", "@CR54]). ", "Apart from revealing facets of AMPH action other than conditioned place preference or locomotor stimulation (Taracha et al. [", "@CR54]; Simola and Morelli [@CR50]), sensitization of the FM 50-kHz USV response to the drug showed greater inter-individual variability and high intra-individual stability (Taracha et al. [", "@CR53]). ", "Although behavioral sensitization to repeated exposure to addictive drugs does not belong in addiction diagnosis criteria, these findings are of particular interest because they may be linked to the well-known individual differences in addiction vulnerability. ", "As a result, these findings may open a new approach for identifying susceptible individuals in animal studies. ", "Notably, sensitization to psychostimulants was also reported in humans and non-human primates (Strakowski and Sax [@CR52]; Leyton [@CR31]; Castner and Williams [@CR17]). ", "The existing rodent models that best represent human addiction involve self-administration of drugs. ", "Behavioral sensitization can enhance the motivation to self-administer AMPH (Mendrek et al. [", "@CR38]) and is often associated with both facilitated acquisition and escalation of stimulant self-administration (Piazza et al. [", "@CR44]; Vezina [@CR59]; Ferrario et al. [", "@CR22]; but see Ball and Slane [@CR9]), which are the initial steps for developing drug addiction in such models (Piazza and Deroche-Gamonet [@CR43]; Deroche-Gamonet and Piazza [@CR20]). ", "We decided to scrutinize our findings of the varied sensitization of the FM 50-kHz USV response to AMPH (Taracha et al. [", "@CR54], [@CR55]) by confronting them with drug self-administration-related characteristics. ", "The main idea was to test possible predictive value of the sensitization for identifying rats with increased vulnerability to acquiring voluntary drug-taking behavior.", "\n\nIn drug addiction therapy, the main problem is the recurrent nature of the disorder. ", "The present knowledge of neurochemical aberrations involved in psychostimulant drug seeking and addiction relapses indicates that the corticostriatal and corticoaccumbal glutamatergic systems have key roles (Wolf [@CR62]; Vanderschuren and Kalivas [@CR57]; Olive et al. [", "@CR41]). ", "Currently, there is substantial hope that the performance of these systems might be improved by pharmacological means (e.g., see Post and Kalivas [@CR46]). ", "One such promising agent is N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which normalizes glutamate homeostasis by increasing the expression of the GLT-1 glutamate transporter and catalytic unit of the x~c~^-^ antiporter (Kupchik et al. [", "@CR28]; Lewerenz et al. [", "@CR30]; Reissner et al. [", "@CR48]). ", "NAC has also shown promise for preventing relapses in rat cocaine self-administration models (e.g., see Baker et al. [", "@CR8]; Amen et al. [", "@CR5]; Murray et al. [", "@CR39]; Frankowska et al. [", "@CR23]). ", "In our previous studies, the USV response to repeated non-contingent AMPH treatment was not modified by NAC (Taracha et al. [", "@CR55]). ", "In our present experimental design including extinction of acquired AMPH self-administration, we evaluated the potential of NAC to facilitate and stabilize this process. ", "We examined whether (i) the varied USV response to AMPH translates into diversification of acquisition and persistence of drug self-administration and (ii) NAC can help prevent reinstatement of AMPH self-administration in a rat model. ", "Additionally, we aimed to elucidate the meaning of FM 50-kHz USV emitted during AMPH self-administration.", "\n\nMethods and materials {#Sec2}\n=====================\n\nSubjects {#Sec3}\n--------\n\nTwenty-eight naïve male Sprague-Dawley rats from the stock of the Mossakowski Medical Research Centre were used. ", "The rats were housed, acclimated, and habituated to experimental procedures as described earlier (Taracha et al. [", "@CR54], [@CR55]), and weighed 315--384 g at the start of drug treatment. ", "All experiments were performed during the light phase (7 a.m. to 7 p.m.) of the rats' day cycle. ", "All animal use procedures conformed to the European Communities Council Directive on the protection of laboratory animals (86/609/EEC of November 24, 1986) and to the current Polish law. ", "The study protocol was approved by the Bioethical Committee of the Medical University of Warsaw (Certificate No. ", "6/2014).", "\n\nDrugs {#Sec4}\n-----\n\n[d]{.smallcaps}-Amphetamine sulfate (Sigma) was dissolved in sterile physiological saline (Sal) at required concentrations and was given to the rats either intraperitoneally, in the arenas used for testing their USV in the two-injection protocol of sensitization (TIPS; see the section on preliminary USV testing and rat categorization below), or by intravenous infusions in conditioning chambers (see the section on AMPH self-administration training below). ", "All AMPH doses are expressed as the weight of the salt. ", "NAC (acetylcysteine, 300 mg/3 ml; Sandoz GmbH, Austria) was injected intraperitoneally, in rats' home cages.", "\n\nUSV recording equipment and data analysis {#Sec5}\n-----------------------------------------\n\nUSV calls were collected with a single model CM16 condenser microphone (Avisoft Bioacoustics, Germany) from each rat. ", "The microphones were sensitive to frequencies of 15--180 kHz and were coupled with a custom-made amplifier of 600 Ω input impedance, 16 V/V (12 dB) voltage gain, and ±0.1 dB (30 Hz--100 kHz) frequency response. ", "The amplified signal was passed through a custom-made anti-aliasing filter and then transferred to a PC equipped with a PCI-703-16A acquisition board (Eagle Technology, Eagle River, WI, USA) and a custom-written software (Rat-Rec Pro 5.0), processed by a fast Fourier transform and displayed as a color spectrogram.", "\n\nNon-FM (\"flat\") and FM 50-kHz USV calls were identified according to Brudzynski ([@CR13]); the latter category included all call types showing varying frequencies. ", "In our lab, AMPH was consistently found not to affect the number of \"flat\" 50-kHz calls (Taracha et al., ", "unpublished data). ", "This finding is in line with a number (Ahrens et al. [", "@CR3]; Pereira et al. [", "@CR42]) while not all (e.g., see Simola et al. [", "@CR51]; Wright et al. [", "@CR63], Supplementary material) of the relevant reports. ", "Moreover, such calls consisted \\<1 % of all 50-kHz calls in our material, which observation is in accordance with the report of Maier et al. ([", "@CR35]). ", "Hence, only FM 50-kHz calls were analyzed and are shown in this report.", "\n\nPreliminary USV testing and rat categorization, and TIPS-based preselection of rats {#Sec6}\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nAfter acclimation and habituation (see the \"[Subjects](#Sec3){ref-type=\"sec\"}\" section above), the rats were subject to the TIPS procedure to create and identify rat subsets with diverging sensitization of their FM 50-kHz USV response to AMPH. ", "This protocol was first used for locomotor sensitization of mice to morphine and cocaine (Valjent et al. [", "@CR56]) and next was found effective for sensitization of rat 50-kHz USV response to AMPH (Taracha et al. [", "@CR53], [@CR54]). ", "USV testing was done as described in details elsewhere (Taracha et al. [", "@CR54], [@CR55]). ", "Briefly, the USV sessions took place in a room with ceiling and walls painted dull white and lit with incandescent matt white light bulbs. ", "Two testing arenas (35.5 cm × 20 cm × 34 cm, L × W × H; with no bedding) were used concurrently; they were separated with a sound-attenuating wall and were thoroughly cleaned after each session. ", "Each microphone was placed 35 cm above the bottom, centrally in relation to its assigned arena. ", "The rats were given an ip AMPH dose (1.5 mg/kg) and then instantly tested for USV for 20 min. ", "Six days later, all the rats were given an identical drug dose and were tested again for 20 min for their USV response. ", "Next, the rats were classified as follows: the rats with the rise in their FM 50-kHz USV response (calls/20 min) to the second dose (AMPH2) as compared to that to the first dose (AMPH1) of \\>2 S.E.M. above the mean increase for the entire cohort were termed high-sensitized callers (HC~TIPS~, *N* = 10), and those with a change in their response to AMPH2 as compared to that to AMPH1 of \\>2 S.E.M. below the mean were termed low-sensitized callers (LC~TIPS~, *N* = 11). ", "The remaining rats were excluded from further experimentation. ", "A two-way ANOVA re-analysis of the USV data for the preselected rats has shown robust drug dose number and group effects and a strong drug dose number × group interaction effect (*F*~1,19~ = 17.1, *p* \\< 10^-3^; *F*~1,19~ = 25.1, *p* \\< 10^-3^, and *F*~1,19~ = 17.9, *p* \\< 10^-3^, respectively), see also Fig.", " [1a](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}.Fig. ", "1**a**, **b** Changes in the FM 50-kHz USV rate response to AMPH over the TIPS procedure in rats categorized by the sensitization of their FM 50-kHz USV rate response (panel **a**) or by their response to the first AMPH exposure (panel **b**). ", "\\**p* \\< 0.05, \\*\\*\\**p* \\< 0.001 vs. the respective value for AMPH1; \\#\\#*p* \\< 0.01, \\#\\#\\#*p* \\< 0.001 vs. the corresponding value for the other rat subset\n\nThe preselected rats were also categorized by their USV response to AMPH1 using the so-called median split: the rats with the response below and above the median value were termed low callers (LC~AMPH1~) and high callers (HC~AMPH1~), respectively. ", "For the odd total number of the preselected rats, the data for the rat with the median USV response were omitted from all analyses employing this categorization. ", "A two-way ANOVA of the TIPS USV data for the LC~AMPH1~ and HC~AMPH1~ rats has yielded robust AMPH dose number (*F*~1,18~ = 9.11, *p* = 0.007) and group (*F*~1,18~ = 20.3, *p* \\< 10^-3^) effects, but no appreciable AMPH dose number × group interaction effect (*F*~1,18~ = 1.51, *p* = 0.23), see also Fig.", " [1b](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "A similar result was obtained for the entire starting rat cohort (*N* = 28) categorized by the median split (AMPH dose number effect: *F*~1,26~ = 18.7, *p* \\< 10^-3^; group effect: *F*~1,26~ = 31.0, *p* \\< 10^-3^; AMPH dose number × group interaction effect: *F*~1,26~ = 1.72, *p* = 0.20); data not shown. ", "This similarity showed that the TIPS-based preselection did not considerably distort the composition of the study rats cohort in regard to their predilection to vocalize.", "\n\nCatheter implantation {#Sec7}\n---------------------\n\nThe surgery was performed under general anesthesia achieved with an i.p. ", "injection of a mixture of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine (75 and 5 mg/kg b.w., ", "respectively). ", "A silastic catheter (0.625 mm o.d.) ", "was inserted ∼35 mm deep into the right jugular vein through a small incision made directly right of the middle, at the neck level; the catheter position was secured with sutures to the neck muscles. ", "The catheter's distal end was subcutaneously threaded to exit the skin in the midscapular region, sutured to the underlying muscles, and closed with an obturator. ", "After the surgery, the rats were housed singly and were allowed 6--7 days for recovery. ", "The catheters were flushed daily with ∼0.2 ml of heparin and gentamycin sulfate solution (1.25 U/ml and 0.64 mg/ml, respectively) in Sal. ", "The catheter patency was checked every 2--3 days in all rats (a few hours before consecutive training or extinction and before reinstatement session) by infusion of a short-acting barbiturate methohexital solution (10 mg/kg) that induces a brief loss of consciousness. ", "Damaged or blocked catheters were replaced (on the day the problem was identified) with new catheters that were implanted into the left jugular vein or a femoral vein by the same procedure. ", "Re-operated rats were allowed 2--3 days of recovery before re-entering the experimental paradigm. ", "One rat that lost his catheter at the beginning of extinction course was excluded from further experimentation. ", "The numbers of rats that underwent re-operation because of a problem with catheter were similar for the LC~TIPS~ and HC~TIPS~ rats (8 out of 11 and 7 out of 10, respectively), and only one rat in each of the subsets required one more catheter replacement (involving the femoral vein). ", "The two rat subsets also contributed equally (50 %/50 %) to the group that did not require re-operation. ", "Importantly, for the rats that did and did not require re-operation, there was a similar average \"active\" operandum nose-poking intensity for the entire self-administration training period of 44 \"daily\" sessions (608 and 619 nose-pokes/rat, respectively; see the next section for the relevant experimental design details). ", "These numbers indicate that the catheterization-related surgeries did not considerably interfere with the instrumental response.", "\n\nAMPH self-administration training, extinction, and reinstatement {#Sec8}\n----------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe equipment for drug self-administration training, extinction, and reinstatement was as previously described (Acewicz et al. [", "@CR1]). ", "The session start was signaled by turning on the conditioning chamber house light and an automated infusion of the priming AMPH dose or Sal. ", "Nose-poking pre-defined number of times into the \"active\" operandum resulted in infusion of a pre-defined drug dose over 2 s, which was associated with a 2-s feedback tone and turning off of the house light for a 20-s time-out period. ", "During time-out, the active operandum nose-pokes were not rewarded with infusions. ", "The nose-pokes in the active operandum that did not trigger AMPH infusions, as well as all nose-pokes in the \"inactive\" operandum, were associated with a short sound (feedback noise) from the given operandum nose-poke counting circuit. ", "Extinction sessions were run using the same scheme with Sal infusions. ", "USV calls were collected using a microphone placed above the \"inactive\" operandum just below the chamber top. ", "The centers of the active and inactive operanda were situated 16 cm apart.", "\n\nThe subject rats were given 44 \"daily\" (except weekends) 2-h training sessions using an increasing fixed-ratio (FR-1 to FR-5) schedule of reinforcement. ", "As low unitary drug doses reportedly better discriminate between rats differing in their acquisition of stimulant self-administration (Piazza et al. [", "@CR44], [@CR45]; Klebaur et al. [", "@CR27]; Mantsch et al. [", "@CR36]; Granholm et al. [", "@CR24]), training was started with a 0.03 mg/kg/infusion of AMPH. ", "Because of poor self-administration acquisition, the dose was next changed to 0.06 mg/kg/infusion. ", "Five days after completion of the training, the rats were given a single 40-min session (FR-5 with 0.06 mg/kg/infusion of AMPH) with no priming; 3 days later, they were given another 40-min session consisted of priming AMPH infusion (0.09 mg/kg) followed by earned Sal infusions (at FR-5). ", "Next (after a 5-day break), the rats were given 17 daily 2-h extinction sessions using Sal at FR-5. ", "Four LC~TIPS~ and five HC~TIPS~ rats (chosen randomly) received a NAC injection (90 mg/kg) 90 min prior to each extinction session; the other rats were given Sal instead. ", "The choice of the NAC dose was based on earlier reports (Baker et al. [", "@CR8]; Frankowska et al. [", "@CR23]). ", "One day after the 17th extinction session, all rats were evaluated for 2 h for self-administration reinstatement using AMPH priming of 0.06 mg/kg and earned Sal infusions (at FR-5) instead of 0.06 mg/kg infusions of AMPH. ", "For a general scheme of the experimental design, please see Fig.", " [2](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}.Fig. ", "2Scheme of experimental design\n\nBecause of other projects that were running concurrently, USV was only recorded during selected sessions. ", "Also, we did not register USV during the self-administration acquisition and extinction sessions performed immediately after weekend breaks because such breaks transiently interfere with the natural course of changes in the USV response to repeated psychostimulant treatment (Maier et al. [", "@CR35]; Taracha et al. [", "@CR55]).", "\n\nStatistical analysis {#Sec9}\n--------------------\n\nAll data are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. As nose-poking and USV data showed non-normal distributions, they were square root-transformed for statistical analyses and were next subject to a two-way or three-way ANOVA (with repeated measures on session) as required. ", "Except when specified otherwise, the significance of between-group differences and within-group changes was tested with the Tukey test for unequal sample sizes. ", "In all cases, a *p* \\< 0.05 was considered significant. ", "All the analyses were run with the Statistica v. 8.0 software package (StatSoft, Tulsa, OK, USA).", "\n\nResults {#Sec10}\n=======\n\nTIPS- versus AMPH1-based categorization: active operandum nose-poking during AMPH self-administration training {#Sec11}\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nLC~AMPH1~ rats compared to HC~AMPH1~ rats tended to nose-poke slightly less during the first half of the training; an opposite tendency appeared during the second half and persisted until the end of the training (Fig.", " [3a](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Two-way ANOVA yielded no significant group effect (*F*~1,18~ = 0.22, *p* = 0.65), but significant effects of session number and group × session number interaction (*F*~43,774~ = 7.06, *p* \\< 10^-3^, and *F*~43,774~ = 2.19, *p* \\< 10^-3^, respectively). ", "Post-hoc test showed significant increases in nose-poking toward the end of the training period (at FR-4 and FR-5) in the LC~AMPH1~, but not in the HC~AMPH1~ rats. ", "However, this difference did not translate into a significant difference between the two rat subsets during any training session.", "Fig. ", "3**a**, **b**. ", "The effects of AMPH self-administration training, extinction, and reinstatement on nose-poking activity of the subject rats categorized by their FM 50-kHz USV response to the first drug exposure in the TIPS procedure (LC~AMPH1~ rats vs. HC~AMPH1~ rats, panel **a**) or by the sensitization of their FM 50-kHz USV response to the drug in the TIPS procedure (LC~TIPS~ rats vs. HC~TIPS~ rats, panel **b**). *", "Arrows* denote changes in the fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement. ", "\\**p* \\< 0.05, \\*\\**p* \\< 0.01, \\*\\*\\**p* \\< 0.001 vs. the respective value for the training or extinction session 1; \\#*p* \\< 0.05, \\#\\#*p* \\< 0.01 vs. the corresponding value for the other rat subset; +*p* \\< 0.05, ++*p* \\< 0.01 vs. the corresponding value for the last extinction session. ", "Please note that the curves for inactive operandum nose-pokes are for illustration only, hence no error bars are shown\n\nLC~TIPS~ compared to HC~TIPS~ rats tended to nose-poke more after about 2 weeks; this difference increased steadily for the rest of the training (Fig.", " [3b](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Two-way ANOVA yielded significant effects of group, session number, and group × session number interaction (*F*~1,19~ = 7.63, *p* = 0.012; *F*~43,817~ = 7.76, *p* \\< 10^-3^, and *F*~43,817~ = 4.46, *p* \\< 10^-3^, respectively). ", "In the LC~TIPS~ rats, post-hoc test showed occasional significant increases in nose-poking at FR-3 (sessions 29 and 32) and stable and significant increases from training session 34 onward, i.e., starting with the first session at FR-4. ", "No such effect was found in the HC~TIPS~ rats during any session. ", "The main effect of group translated into a significant difference between the two subsets only for sessions 34 and 44 (FR-5).", "\n\nThe number of AMPH self-administering LC~TIPS~ rats showed no substantial change during the training. ", "In contrast, there was a major decline in the number of AMPH self-administering HC~TIPS~ rats that correlated significantly with training progression, see Fig.", " [4](#Fig4){ref-type=\"fig\"}.Fig. ", "4Changes in the numbers of AMPH self-administering rats in the rat subsets with high (HC~TIPS~) and low (LC~TIPS~) FM 50-kHz USV sensitization to AMPH throughout the course of self-administration training. *", "R* ~s~---Spearman's rank correlation coefficient\n\nTIPS- versus AMPH1-based categorization: active operandum nose-poking during self-administration extinction and reinstatement {#Sec12}\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nA three-way ANOVA with LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status and NAC treatment as the between-subject factors showed a significant effect of extinction session number (*F*~14,224~ = 5.78, *p* \\< 10^-3^) and LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status (*F*~1,16~ = 4.67, *p* = 0.046), but no significant effect of NAC treatment (*F*~1,16~ = 2.37, *p* = 0.14) or of LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status × extinction session number, NAC treatment × LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status, NAC treatment × extinction session number, or NAC treatment × LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status × extinction session number interaction (*F*~14,224~ = 1.35, *p* = 0.18; *F*~1,16~ = 1.54, *p* = 0.23; *F*~14,224~ = 1.08, *p* = 0.38, and *F*~14,224~ = 0.65, *p* = 0.82, respectively). ", "A three-way ANOVA with LC~AMPH1~/HC~AMPH1~ status and NAC treatment as the between-subject factors showed a significant effect of extinction session number (*F*~14,210~ = 5.44, *p* \\< 10^-3^), LC~AMPH1~/HC~AMPH1~ status (*F*~1,15~ = 10.83, *p* = 0.0050), NAC treatment (*F*~1,15~ = 4,95, *p* = 0.042), and LC~AMPH1~/HC~AMPH1~ status × extinction session number interaction (*F*~14,210~ = 1.75, *p* = 0.047), but no significant effect of NAC treatment × extinction session number or NAC treatment × LC~AMPH1~/HC~AMPH1~ status × extinction session number interaction (*F*~14,210~ = 1.15, *p* = 0.31, and *F*~14,210~ = 0.28, *p* = 0.996, respectively).", "\n\nFor both categorizations, there was a statistically significant decline in drug seeking in the HC rats but not in their LC counterparts over the course of extinction (see Fig.", " [3a, b](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, right panels). ", "Neither the significant effects of the LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ and LC~AMPH1~/HC~AMPH1~ statuses nor the significant NAC treatment effect for the LC~AMPH1~/HC~AMPH1~ status translated into a significant difference in nose-poking during any session. ", "However, the residual nose-poking in the LC~AMPH1~ rats was not extinguished as fully as in the HC~AMPH1~ rats after the last extinction session (7.8 ± 4.9 vs. 2.5 ± 1.5, respectively).", "\n\nThe effects of AMPH reinstatement were analyzed using the nose-poking data from the last extinction session and the drug reinstatement session. ", "A three-way ANOVA with NAC treatment and either the LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ or LC~AMPH1~/HC~AMPH1~ status as the between-subject factors showed a significant effect of session (*F*~1,16~ = 9.84, *p* = 0.006, and *F*~1,15~ = 8.31, *p* = 0.011, respectively), a significant effect of the LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status, and a borderline significant effect of the LC~AMPH1~/HC~AMPH1~ status (*F*~1,16~ = 7.90, *p* = 0.013, and *F*~1,15~ = 4.53, *p* = 0.050, respectively). ", "For either the LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ or the LC~AMPH1~/HC~AMPH1~ status, there was no significant effect of NAC treatment (*F*~1,16~ = 0.74, *p* = 0.40, and *F*~1,15~ = 1.44, *p* = 0.25, respectively) or of session × NAC treatment (*F*~1,16~ = 0.53, *p* = 0.48, and *F*~1,15~ = 0.002, *p* = 0.98, respectively) or session × NAC treatment × LC/HC status interaction (*F*~1,16~ = 0.87, *p* = 0.36, and *F*~1,15~ = 0.48, *p* = 0.50, respectively). ", "However, whereas there was no significant LC~AMPH1~/HC~AMPH1~ status × session interaction effect (*F*~1,15~ = 2.12, *p* = 0.17), there was a significant LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status × session interaction effect (*F*~1,16~ = 5.02, *p* = 0.040). ", "Post-hoc test yielded a significant and robust instrumental reaction during the reinstatement session in both the LC~AMPH1~ and LC~TIPS~ rats, whereas no such reaction was found in either the HC~TIPS~ (p = 0.63) or the HC~AMPH1~ rats (*p* = 0.91); see Fig.", " [3a, b](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, right panels. ", "However, the relative reinstatement-induced increases in the nose-poking from their respective extinction values were similar for the LC~AMPH1~ and HC~AMPH1~ rats (+321 vs. +360 %, respectively).", "\n\nFM 50-kHz USV during self-administration training, extinction, and reinstatement {#Sec13}\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nLC~TIPS~ and HC~TIPS~ rats did not significantly differ in the FM 50-kHz USV rate during AMPH self-administration training (see Fig.", " [5](#Fig5){ref-type=\"fig\"}, left graph). ", "Two-way ANOVA with LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status as the between-subject factor and session number as the within-subject factor yielded no significant effect of status (*F*~1,19~ = 0.52, *p* = 0.48), session number (*F*~10,190~ = 1.40, *p* = 0.18), or the interaction of status × session number (*F*~10,190~ = 0.51, *p* = 0.88).Fig. ", "5Changes in FM 50-kHz USV rate during AMPH self-administration training, self-administration extinction course, and drug reinstatement in rats categorized by the sensitization of their FM 50-kHz USV response to AMPH in the TIPS procedure. ", "•••*p* \\< 0.001 vs. the respective value for extinction session 1, the Dunnett test. ", "+++*p* \\< 0.001 vs. the respective value for extinction session 16, \\#\\#*p* \\< 0.01 vs. the respective value for the non-SA rats (the Tukey test for unequal sample sizes)\n\nDuring the course of AMPH self-administration extinction, the FM 50-kHz USV rate decreased dramatically in the initial phase of the course in both the LC~TIPS~ and HC~TIPS~ rats (see Fig.", " [5](#Fig5){ref-type=\"fig\"}, right graph). ", "A three-way ANOVA with repeated measures on extinction session number for rats categorized by NAC treatment and LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status yielded no sizable NAC treatment or LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status effect (*F*~1,16~ = 0.04, *p* = 0.84, and *F*~1,16~ = 0.03, *p* = 0.87, respectively) and no NAC treatment × LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status, NAC treatment × extinction session number, LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status × extinction session number, or NAC treatment × extinction session number × LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status interaction (*F*~1,16~ = 0.0022, *p* = 0.96; *F*~6,96~ = 0.33, *p* = 0.92; *F*~6,96~ = 0.73, *p* = 0.63, and *F*~6,96~ = 0.64, *p* = 0.70, respectively).", "\n\nDuring reinstatement session, only the LC~TIPS~ rats showed an increase in their FM 50-kHz USV rate (see Fig.", " [5](#Fig5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "A three-way ANOVA of the data from the last USV recording session during the course of self-administration extinction (extinction session 16) and from the reinstatement session, with repeated measures on session and LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status and NAC treatment as the between-subject factors showed a significant effect of session (*F*~1,16~ = 12.57, *p* = 0.0027), LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status (*F*~1,16~ = 6.60, *p* = 0.021) and session × LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status interaction (*F*~1,16~ = 12.26, *p* = 0.0030), but not of NAC treatment (*F*~1,16~ = 1.69, *p* = 0.21) or NAC treatment × LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status, NAC treatment × session, or NAC treatment × LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ status × session interaction (*F*~1,16~ = 0.55, *p* = 0.48; *F*~1,16~ = 0.99, *p* = 0.33; and *F*~1,16~ = 0.46, *p* = 0.51, respectively). ", "Post-hoc analysis yielded a significantly higher FM 50-kHz USV rate in the LC~TIPS~ compared to HC~TIPS~ rats during the reinstatement session.", "\n\nEffects of AMPH self-administration training, extinction, and reinstatement on FM 50-kHz USV and drug seeking: self-administering versus non-self-administering rats {#Sec14}\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo analyze the relationship between USV and acquisition of AMPH self-administration and drug seeking, the rats that had self-administered a total of no more than one drug infusion throughout the last seven sessions were termed non-SA rats (*N* = 7). ", "The remaining rats (*N* = 14), which self-administered between 7.8 ± 1.9 and 13.4 ± 2.5 AMPH infusions/rat/session during each of those seven sessions, were termed SA rats. ", "The average drug doses self-administered by the two subsets during that period are shown in Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}.Table 1Voluntary AMPH intake during the last seven training sessionsSession numberAMPH dose \\[mg/kg\\]Mann--Whitney *U* test\\\n*p*Non-SA rats (*N* = 7)SA rats (*N* = 14)380.000 ± 0.0000.806 ± 0.1530.0002390.000 ± 0.0000.540 ± 0.1210.0005400.000 ± 0.0000.467 ± 0.1120.0011410.000 ± 0.0000.531 ± 0.1340.0005420.009 ± 0.0090.613 ± 0.1450.0007430.000 ± 0.0000.613 ± 0.1280.0002440.000 ± 0.0000.634 ± 0.1730.0005\n\n### Effects of AMPH self-administration training and special sessions {#Sec15}\n\nAt the end of session 43 (the last training session with USV recorded), the SA rats emitted considerable numbers of FM 50-kHz calls. ", "In contrast, the FM 50-kHz USV rate in their non-SA counterparts during that session showed a rapid decrease to very low levels within the first 20 min and remained close to nil for the remainder of the 60-min USV recording period; see Fig.", " [6a](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "Two-way ANOVA with repeated measure on 10-min time blocks revealed significant effects of the SA/non-SA status and time block, and a tendency for SA/non-SA status × time block interaction (*F*~1,19~ = 6.25, *p* = 0.022; *F*~5,95~ = 10.8, *p* \\< 10^-3^, and *F*~5,95~ = 1.98, *p* = 0.088, respectively).Fig. ", "6**a**--**h** Time profiles and summary values of the FM 50-kHz USV rate responses (graphs **a**--**g**) and instrumental responses (graph **h**) of non-SA rats (*empty triangles*) and SA rats (*filled triangles*) for the selected AMPH self-administration training sessions (graph **a**), special sessions (graphs **b** and **c**), selected self-administration extinction sessions (graphs **d**--**g**), and AMPH priming-induced reinstatement session (graphs **f**--**h**). ", "\\**p* \\< 0.05, \\*\\**p* \\< 0.01, \\*\\*\\**p* \\< 0.001 vs. the respective starting value; \\#*p* \\< 0.05, \\#\\#*p* \\< 0.01, \\#\\#\\#*p* \\< 0.001 vs. the corresponding value for the other rat subset; +*p* \\< 0.05 vs. the corresponding value for the last extinction session (the Tukey test for unequal sample sizes). ", "••*p* \\< 0.01, •••*p* \\< 0.001 vs. the respective starting value (the Dunnett test)\n\nOmission of AMPH priming caused no notable difference in FM 50-kHz USV rate between the non-SA and SA rats, see Fig.", " [6b](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures on 10-min time blocks yielded no significant effect of the SA/non-SA status, a significant effect of time block, and no SA/non-SA status × time block interaction (*F*~1,19~ = 1.37, *p* = 0.26; *F*~3,57~ = 3.74, *p* = 0.016, and *F*~3,57~ = 0.31, *p* = 0.82, respectively). ", "However, the significant general time block effect did not translate into a significant change in either subset.", "\n\nInterestingly, the special session consisted of \"priming only\" AMPH treatment produced highly diverging effects on FM 50-kHz USV rate in the non-SA and SA rats, see Fig.", " [6c](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"}; two-way ANOVA with repeated measures on 10-min time blocks yielded significant effects of both the SA/non-SA status, time block, and SA/non-SA status × time block interaction (*F*~1,19~ = 10.9, *p* = 0.0037; *F*~3,57~ = 17.2, *p* \\< 10^-3^, and *F*~3,57~ = 9.91, *p* \\< 10^-3^, respectively).", "\n\n### Effects of the course of AMPH self-administration extinction and AMPH reinstatement {#Sec16}\n\nDuring all extinction sessions, FM 50-kHz USV rate peaked similarly in the non-SA and SA rats after the first few minutes and rapidly declined thereafter. ", "FM 50-kHz USV decreased radically after the first extinction session in all rats; similarly to the first session, a majority of residual calls occurred during the first 10 min of final extinction sessions (see Fig.", " [6d, e](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Whereas non-SA rats compared to SA rats showed, in general, a weak FM 50-kHz USV throughout self-administration training (SA/non-SA status effect *F*~1,19~ = 7.04, *p* = 0.016; session number effect *F*~43,774~ = 7.06, *p* \\< 10^-3^; and group × session number interaction *F*~43,774~ = 2.19, *p* \\< 10^-3^; data not shown), there was no apparent difference in this behavior between the non-SA and SA rats at either the beginning or the end of the AMPH extinction course, see Fig.", " [6f, g](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "A three-way ANOVA for the total number of FM 50-kHz calls emitted during 60-min recording sessions for rats categorized by the SA/non-SA status showed a significant session number effect (*F*~6,96~ = 24.6, *p* \\< 10^-3^), but no significant effect of the SA/non-SA status (*F*~1,16~ = 0.77, *p* = 0.39) or NAC treatment (*F*~1,16~ = 0.15, *p* = 0.70) and no interaction of this treatment with either the SA/non-SA status (*F*~1,16~ = 0.16, *p* = 0.69) or extinction session number (*F*~6,96~ = 0.26, *p* = 0.96) or with both (*F*~6,96~ = 0.69, *p* = 0.66).", "\n\nDuring AMPH reinstatement session, the changes in FM 50-kHz USV rate of the non-SA rats were quite uniform and very similar to those found during the 16th extinction session (cf. ", "Figs.", " [6f, e](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In contrast, 5 out of 14 SA rats showed a substantial increase in their FM 50-kHz USV rate throughout the reinstatement session, whereas the remaining SA rats showed a very low USV response. ", "As a result of this heterogeneity, a two-way ANOVA with repeated measure on 10-min time blocks showed a significant effect of time block, but no significant effect of the SA/non-SA status or of SA/non-SA status × time block interaction (*F*~5,90~ = 5.32, *p* \\< 10^-3^, *F*~1,18~ = 2.69, *p* = 0.12, and *F*~5,90~ = 0.50, *p* = 0.77, respectively). ", "However, the significant time block effect did not translate into a significant change in FM 50-kHz USV rate throughout this session in either rat subset; see Fig.", " [6f](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"} inset.", "\n\nThe effect of AMPH reinstatement was also tested using FM 50-kHz USV data from the latest available extinction session with recorded USV (session 16) and drug reinstatement session. ", "A three-way ANOVA of the data for rats classified by the SA/non-SA status yielded a tendency for the SA/non-SA status effect (*F*~1,16~ = 3.43, *p* = 0.083), but no sizable effect of NAC treatment (*F*~1,16~ = 1.75, *p* = 0.21) or of NAC treatment × SA/non-SA status, NAC treatment × session, or NAC treatment × session × SA/non-SA status interaction (*F*~1,16~ = 0.82, *p* = 0.38; *F*~1,16~ = 1.29, *p* = 0.27; and *F*~1,16~ = 0.75, *p* = 0.40, respectively). ", "However, there was a significant effect of session (*F*~1,16~ = 5.89, *p* = 0.027) and session × SA/non-SA status interaction (*F*~1,16~ = 5.33, *p* = 0.035). ", "Post-hoc analysis showed a significant FM 50-kHz USV rate response to AMPH self-administration reinstatement in the SA rats only, see Fig.", " [6g](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"}.", "\n\n### Effects of AMPH self-administration extinction and reinstatement on drug seeking {#Sec17}\n\nThe SA rats showed an intense nose-poking in the active operandum during the first session and a marked decrease in this activity during the next 6--8 extinction sessions (the data for sessions 8--9 were lost due to power outages), whereas the non-SA rats showed closed to nil active operandum nose-poking throughout the extinction course, see Fig.", " [6h](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "A three-way ANOVA with the SA/non-SA status and NAC treatment as the between-subject factors showed significant effects of the status and session number (*F*~1,16~ = 25.9, *p* \\< 10^-3^ and *F*~14,224~ = 3.28, *p* \\< 10^-3^, respectively), but not of NAC treatment (*F*~1,16~ = 0.00011, *p* = 0.98), and no sizable NAC treatment × SA/non-SA status, or NAC treatment × extinction session number, or NAC treatment × extinction session number × SA/non-SA status interaction (*F*~1,16~ = 0.74, *p* = 0.40; *F*~14,224~ = 0.60, *p* = 0.87; and *F*~14,224~ = 0.71, *p* = 0.76, respectively).", "\n\nThe effect of AMPH reinstatement was tested using nose-poking data from the last extinction session and drug reinstatement session. ", "A three-way ANOVA of the data for rats classified by the SA/non-SA status yielded no significant effect of NAC treatment (*F*~1,16~ = 0.14, *p* = 0.72), or of NAC treatment × SA/non-SA status (*F*~1,16~ = 0.01, *p* = 0.92), NAC treatment × session (*F*~1,16~ = 1.03, *p* = 0.33), or NAC treatment × session × SA/non-SA status interaction (*F*~1,16~ = 0.51, *p* = 0.49). ", "There was a significant effect of the SA/non-SA status and session (*F*~1,16~ = 17.90, *p* \\< 10^-3^ and *F*~1,16~ = 5.58, *p* = 0.031, respectively), and a near-significant session × SA/non-SA status interaction (*F*~1,16~ = 4.24, *p* = 0.056). ", "Post-hoc test showed a significant relapse of instrumental reaction in the SA rats only, see Fig.", " [6h](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"}.", "\n\nDiscussion {#Sec18}\n==========\n\nTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to use 50-kHz USV during AMPH self-administration in rats. ", "More importantly, this is the first study demonstrating an early prediction of a rat's propensity for drug self-administration based on sensitization of the FM 50-kHz USV response to the drug. ", "Notably, this potential was demonstrated with a relatively long (10-week) study period that extended well beyond the typical duration of studies utilizing the psychostimulant self-administration paradigm.", "\n\nPredictive value of 50-kHz USV-based rat categorizations {#Sec19}\n--------------------------------------------------------\n\nIn most studies on the inter-individual differences in the 50-kHz USV response to addictive drugs, the subject rats were classified based on their response to the first drug dose (Burgdorf et al. [", "@CR16]; Ahrens et al. [", "@CR4]; Simola and Morelli [@CR50]). ", "That categorization allegedly reflects an individual's ability to vocalize and sensitivity to the rewarding properties of the drugs (Simola and Morelli [@CR50]). ", "Our approach capitalizes on individual differences in the vulnerability to sensitization of the USV response to the subsequent drug exposures (Taracha et al. [", "@CR53], [@CR54], [@CR55]). ", "We believe this is a better way as it implicitly accounts for the underlying, albeit still unclear, neurobiological changes associated with progression toward drug addiction.", "\n\nThere was no statistically significant link between a rat's FM 50-kHz USV response to the first AMPH exposure and its propensity for self-administering the drug. ", "This finding is in line with the view that the rewarding action of a drug may initially encourage drug use, but it is not pivotal for addiction emergence (de Wit and Phillips [@CR19]; Piazza and Deroche-Gamonet [@CR43]). ", "HC~AMPH1~ rats consumed more drug during the initial phase of the self-administration training; however, this difference vanished after a few weeks. ", "Notably, whereas the HC~AMPH1~ rats continued to self-administer AMPH at a relatively constant rate during the final three training weeks, their LC~AMPH1~ counterparts steadily increased their drug intake, resulting in reversal of the drug intake ratio for the two subsets.", "\n\nAlthough behavioral sensitization is absent from the addiction diagnostic criteria, it is often utilized as an index for evaluating the psychoactive action of addictive drugs (Strakowski and Sax [@CR52]; Leyton [@CR31]; Castner and Williams [@CR17]; Taracha et al. [", "@CR53], [@CR54]). ", "Unexpectedly, beginning in the third week of self-administration training, LC~TIPS~ rats persistently self-administered AMPH several more times than HC~TIPS~ rats. ", "However, there was no significant difference in the respective FM 50-kHz USV rates. ", "The two groups seemed to titrate their drug intake to reach a desired pleasure level that did not much differ between them, as evidenced by their similar USV rates. ", "This explanation is supported by the data showing an inverse relationship between voluntary drug intake and behavioral sensitization to the drug (Kamens et al. [", "@CR26]; Scibelli et al. [", "@CR49]; Ball and Slane [@CR9]). ", "These findings indicate the utility of poor sensitization to stimulants as a predictor of acquisition and reinstatement of self-administration of these drugs. ", "They also suggest that sensitization may be protective against drug abuse. ", "This observation is also in agreement with the hypothesis that sensitization of the mesolimbic reward system may lead to a compensatory reduction in the amount of self-administered drug (Darna et al. [", "@CR18]). ", "It is also in agreement with the idea that susceptibility to addictions is present in individuals with reward system dysfunction who then resort to addictive drugs to reach a satisfaction level that is unattainable with normal life activities (Vetulani [@CR58]). ", "The finding about sensitization may also be relevant to the blunted stimulant-induced striatal dopamine release in cocaine addicts compared to healthy controls (Narendran and Martinez [@CR40]). ", "In contrast to our findings, many studies have reported, as we mentioned in the Introduction, an association between behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants and facilitated acquisition of drug self-administration. ", "This discrepancy is likely related to the fact that the latter association was observed in studies of unselected cohorts (e.g., see Vezina [@CR59]), whereas the results of studies performed with consideration of the individual vulnerability to sensitization are in agreement with our findings.", "\n\nAccording to the general multi-step theory of transition to addiction (Piazza and Deroche-Gamonet [@CR43]), a necessary step in this process is a phase of intensified, sustained, and escalating drug use. ", "The majority of our LC~TIPS~ rats conformed to this requirement, and only one of these rats (9 %) ceased voluntary AMPH intake during self-administration training. ", "The HC~TIPS~ subset greatly differed in this regard; it showed a major (60 %) drop in the number of rats that self-administered drugs and the remaining self-administering rats lacked sizable escalation of drug intake. ", "Notably, the HC~TIPS~ rats that ultimately stopped their voluntary AMPH intake (*N* = 6) compared to those that continued intake had very low drug seeking activity during the first 14 training sessions (1.3 ± 0.18 vs. 7.0 ± 3.6 active nose-pokes/rat/session).", "\n\nWhatever doubt might remain about the relative predictive value of the two discussed USV-based categorizations for the self-administration paradigm, it would be resolved by a study with a longer training duration. ", "An appropriate endpoint might be the transition from intensified, sustained drug use to the loss of drug intake control (Belin et al. [", "@CR12]; Piazza and Deroche-Gamonet [@CR43]; Deroche-Gamonet and Piazza [@CR20]; Everitt [@CR21]).", "\n\nFactors affecting FM 50-kHz USV in the drug self-administration training--extinction--reinstatement paradigm {#Sec20}\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nDespite the growing use of 50-kHz USV in rodent studies of addiction, it remains unclear what this behavior actually reveals. ", "Rodent USV seems to reflect emotional states that result from factors that are internalized and may not always be isolated (Barker et al. [", "@CR11]). ", "In an attempt to identify the link between the appetitive USV and potentially important factors for acquiring drug self-administration behaviors, we categorized the rats in terms of their voluntary AMPH intake at the end of self-administration training (SA/non-SA status).", "\n\nA visual comparison of the FM 50-kHz USV and instrumental reaction data from the second-to-last (43rd) self-administration training session (Fig.", " [6a](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"}), first and second-to-last extinction sessions (Figs.", " [6d, e](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"}), and AMPH reinstatement session (Fig.", " [6f](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"}) did not reveal obvious links. ", "Surprisingly, the rats vocalized more frequently during the first 10 min of these sessions irrespective of their SA/non-SA status. ", "This indicates that the dominant effect on USV was exerted by the drug priming and context. ", "The role of the latter, especially with familiar experimenter contact, might have been enhanced by the fact that the rats were individually housed after catheter implantation. ", "As a result, they were deprived of direct contact with conspecifics. ", "During the remaining training sessions, an appreciable FM 50-kHz USV was found in a significant minority (6 out of 14) of the SA rats, but it was not found in the non-SA rats. ", "This difference indicates that the self-administered drug might have played a role in evoking the \"late\" vocalization. ", "However, it might not be the only factor involved as the SA rats, in contrast to the non-SA rats, had no decrease in the FM 50-kHz USV rate throughout the \"priming alone\" session (Fig.", " [6c](#Fig6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "No studied characteristics helped to identify this SA rat subset. ", "In particular, there was no apparent link between the USV during the session and either the LC~TIPS~/HC~TIPS~ or LC~AMPH1~/HC~AMPH1~ status. ", "The heterogeneity of the SA group with respect to FM 50-kHz USV reaction suggests dissimilarity in the changes occurring during prolonged AMPH self-administration. ", "This diversification may be related to the decline in the rewarding properties of AMPH and/or progression toward full addiction. ", "Some of the SA rats may already have been addicted to the drug at the end of the self-administration training period, which might have significantly changed the relationship between their FM 50-kHz USV and AMPH intake.", "\n\nEffect of NAC supplementation on the extinction and reinstatement of AMPH self-administration as well as on the corresponding FM 50-kHz USV rates {#Sec21}\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nNAC has shown promise in the treatment of stimulant addiction, especially in rat cocaine self-administration models (Baker et al. [", "@CR8]; Madayag et al. [", "@CR33]; Amen et al. [", "@CR5]; Murray et al. [", "@CR39]; Ramirez-Niño et al. [", "@CR47]; Frankowska et al. [", "@CR23]). ", "However, the data on its efficacy in drug addicts are equivocal (McClure et al. [", "@CR37]; Asevedo et al. [", "@CR7]), and studies on its potential utility in animal models of AMPH abuse are scarce. ", "We previously found no effect of a 2-week NAC treatment period on the rewarding effects of intraperitoneal AMPH in LC~TIPS~ and HC~TIPS~ rats that were treated repeatedly with this stimulant (Taracha et al. [", "@CR55]). ", "The present study extended that finding to the AMPH self-administration training--extinction--reinstatement paradigm. ", "Furthermore, the present study failed to show an effect of repeated NAC treatment on either the instrumental or USV response. ", "In contrast to the earlier study, this failure cannot be attributed to the use of weak extinguishing methods or to comparisons of dissimilar, neurobiologically dissociable activities. ", "Instead, the present data provide additional evidence that differences may be attributed to the differences between the mechanisms of action for AMPH and cocaine (Vanderschuren and Kalivas [@CR57]; Williams and Undieh [@CR61]), rendering NAC ineffective for AMPH abuse.", "\n\nConcluding remarks {#Sec22}\n------------------\n\nThe present results indicate that the FM 50-kHz USV intensity during AMPH self-administration training, extinction, and reinstatement depends, inter alia, on individual reactivity, the history and context of drug use, and the time that has elapsed since the last exposure. ", "The effects of these factors can vary depending on the actual phase of this experimental paradigm. ", "In contrast, but in agreement with the report by Barker et al. ([", "@CR10]), we found no link between the USV rate and key characteristics of psychostimulant self-administration, i.e., drug seeking behavior. ", "This finding is in line with the similarity of 50-kHz USV in cocaine SA rats and their yoked partners (Maier et al. [", "@CR35]). ", "Hence, the factors that determine inter-individual differences in the acquisition of AMPH self-administration are not reflected by the FM 50-kHz USV emitted during the training, extinction, and reinstatement of this trait. ", "Therefore, this USV does not seem useful for monitoring progression toward AMPH addiction in this experimental paradigm, which may be from both the related loss of drug rewarding action in the advanced stages of progression toward full addiction and involvement of a number of unidentified (environmental?) ", "factors.", "\n\nThe most important finding in this study is that the sensitization of the FM 50-kHz USV response to AMPH in the TIPS procedure allows for identification of a major subset of rats with a high (≥90 %) likelihood of acquiring and maintaining AMPH self-administration. ", "While the latter is not equal to the vulnerability to AMPH addiction, there is little if any doubt that the rats that eventually become addicted originate from the SA subset. ", "Unexpectedly, this subset consisted of the poorly sensitized rats. ", "In contrast, approximately 2/3 of the rats with high sensitization to the drug failed on the self-administration training. ", "Hence, a poor sensitization to AMPH may be a risk factor for developing psychostimulant addiction.", "\n\nThe authors thank Ms. Ala Biegaj and Ms. Patrycja Daszczuk of the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology for their excellent technical assistance. ", "The study was supported by the National Science Centre of Poland grant No. ", "UMO-2011/03/B/NZ4/02385 and by the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology statutory fund No. ", "501-003-15017.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "<!", "DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n <meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n <meta name=\"generator\" content=\"rustdoc\">\n <meta name=\"description\" content=\"API documentation for the Rust `FRAC_1_SQRT_2` constant in crate `core`.\"", ">\n <meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"rust, rustlang, rust-lang, FRAC_1_SQRT_2\">\n\n <title>core::f32::consts::FRAC_1_SQRT_2 - Rust</title>\n\n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"../../../rustdoc.css\">\n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"../../../main.css\">\n\n <link rel=\"shortcut icon\" href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/favicon.ico\">\n \n</head>\n<body class=\"rustdoc\">\n <!", "--[if lte IE 8]>\n <div class=\"warning\">\n This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky\n things.", "\n </div>\n <![", "endif]-->\n\n \n\n <nav class=\"sidebar\">\n <a href='../../../core/index.html'><img src='https://www.rust-lang.org/logos/rust-logo-128x128-blk-v2.png' alt='' width='100'></a>\n <p class='location'><a href='../../index.html'>core</a>::<wbr><a href='../index.html'>f32</a>::<wbr><a href='index.html'>consts</a></p><script>window.sidebarCurrent = {name: 'FRAC_1_SQRT_2', ty: 'constant', relpath: ''};</script><script defer src=\"sidebar-items.js\"></script>\n </nav>\n\n <nav class=\"sub\">\n <form class=\"search-form js-only\">\n <div class=\"search-container\">\n <input class=\"search-input\" name=\"search\"\n autocomplete=\"off\"\n placeholder=\"Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ ", "for more options…\"\n type=\"search\">\n </div>\n </form>\n </nav>\n\n <section id='main' class=\"content constant\">\n<h1 class='fqn'><span class='in-band'><a href='../../index.html'>core</a>::<wbr><a href='../index.html'>f32</a>::<wbr><a href='index.html'>consts</a>::<wbr><a class='constant' href=''>FRAC_1_SQRT_2</a></span><span class='out-of-band'><span id='render-detail'>\n <a id=\"toggle-all-docs\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" title=\"collapse all docs\">\n [<span class='inner'>&#x2212;</span>]\n </a>\n </span><a id='src-87' class='srclink' href='../../../src/core/num/f32.rs.html#121' title='goto source code'>[src]</a></span></h1>\n<pre class='rust const'>pub const FRAC_1_SQRT_2: f32<code> = </code><code>0.707106781186547524400844362104849039_f32</code></pre><div class='docblock'><p>1.0/sqrt(2.0)</p>\n</div></section>\n <section id='search' class=\"content hidden\"></section>\n\n <section class=\"footer\"></section>\n\n <aside id=\"help\" class=\"hidden\">\n <div>\n <h1 class=\"hidden\">Help</h1>\n\n <div class=\"shortcuts\">\n <h2>Keyboard Shortcuts</h2>\n\n <dl>\n <dt>?</dt>\n <dd>Show this help dialog</dd>\n <dt>S</dt>\n <dd>Focus the search field</dd>\n <dt>&larrb;</dt>\n <dd>Move up in search results</dd>\n <dt>&rarrb;</dt>\n <dd>Move down in search results</dd>\n <dt>&#9166;</dt>\n <dd>Go to active search result</dd>\n </dl>\n </div>\n\n <div class=\"infos\">\n <h2>Search Tricks</h2>\n\n <p>\n Prefix searches with a type followed by a colon (e.g.\n <code>fn:</code>) to restrict the search to a given type.", "\n </p>\n\n <p>\n Accepted types are: <code>fn</code>, <code>mod</code>,\n <code>struct</code>, <code>enum</code>,\n <code>trait</code>, <code>type</code>, <code>macro</code>,\n and <code>const</code>.", "\n </p>\n\n <p>\n Search functions by type signature (e.g.\n <code>vec -> usize</code>)\n </p>\n </div>\n </div>\n </aside>\n\n \n\n <script>\n window.rootPath = \"../../../\";\n window.currentCrate = \"core\";\n window.playgroundUrl = \"https://play.rust-lang.org/\";\n </script>\n <script src=\"../../../jquery.js\"></script>\n <script src=\"../../../main.js\"></script>\n <script src=\"../../../playpen.js\"></script>\n <script defer src=\"../../../search-index.js\"></script>\n</body>\n</html>" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ " IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE\n\nARTHUR STONER,1 §\n § No. ", "223, 2018\n Respondent Below, §\n Appellant, § Court Below: Family Court\n § of the State of Delaware in and for\n v. § New Castle County\n §\nSTATE OF DELAWARE, § File No. ", "1711009911\n §\n Petitioner Below, §\n Appellee. ", " §\n\n Submitted: May 17, 2018\n Decided: July 11, 2018\n\nBefore VAUGHN, SEITZ, and TRAYNOR, Justices.", "\n\n ORDER\n\n (1) On April 27, 2018, the appellant’s counsel (“Counsel”) filed a notice of\n\nappeal from the Family Court’s adjudication of delinquency and order of\n\ncommitment on March 27, 2018. ", "The appeal was filed one day after the expiration\n\nof the thirty-day appeal period.2 When a notice of appeal is not filed within the\n\napplicable time period, the Court is without jurisdiction to hear the appeal.3\n\n (2) Counsel was directed to show cause why the appeal should not be\n\ndismissed as untimely filed. ", "Counsel filed a response to the notice, conceding that\n\n\n\n\n1 The Court assigned a pseudonym to the appellant, a juvenile, under Supreme Court Rule 7(d).", "\n2 Del. Sup. ", "Ct. ", "R. 6(a).", "\n3 Carr v. State, 554 A.2d 778, 779 (Del. 1989).", "\n\fthe appeal was untimely filed and that the delay in filing the appeal was not\n\nattributable to court-related personnel.", "\n\n (3) In the absence of unusual circumstances that are not attributable to the\n\nappellant or Counsel, the delay in filing the notice of appeal cannot be excused. ", "4\n\nUnder the circumstances, however, the Court will remand this matter to the Family\n\nCourt with instructions to vacate the March 27, 2018 order of commitment and to\n\nreimpose the commitment so that Counsel may file a timely appeal. ", "Remanding the\n\nmatter to reimpose the commitment will provide a complete remedy for Counsel’s\n\nadmitted failure to file a timely appeal on behalf of the appellant.5\n\n NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that this matter is REMANDED to\n\nthe Family Court for further action in accordance with this Order. ", "Jurisdiction is not\n\nretained.", "\n\n BY THE COURT:\n\n /s/ Collins J. Seitz, Jr.\n Justice\n\n\n\n\n4 Bey v. State, 402 A.2d 362, 363 (Del. 1979).", "\n5 Del. Sup. ", "Ct. ", "R. 26(a); Middlebrook v. State, 815 A.2d 739, 742–43 (Del. 2003).", "\n\n 2\n\f" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

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[ "Revisiting evidence for sustainability of bushmeat hunting in West Africa.", "\nBushmeat hunting, a key source of dietary protein, has been implicated as a major extinction threat to tropical vertebrate species in West Africa. ", "Ideally, any such hunting of wild species should be done sustainably, with off-take levels low enough to ensure viability of harvested species. ", "Recent work purports to show that a mature bushmeat market in a major city in Ghana operates sustainably after depletion of vulnerable, slow-reproducing species (Cowlishaw and others 2005). ", "I revisit two aspects of this work. ", "First, I retest the prediction that larger species are transported to the market from greater distances, as expected if overexploitation depletes large species close to the city. ", "Cowlishaw and others failed to find a significantly positive relationship between species-specific body mass and distance between capture site and the market. ", "However, my reanalysis provides evidence for a positive relationship after all, consistent with unsustainable harvesting. ", "In particular, ungulate species were harvested significantly farther from the market than smaller-bodied rodent species. ", "Second, I caution that just because species \"persist\" in the marketplace in no way implies that they can withstand hunting pressure elsewhere and so should be of little concern to conservationists. ", "I reveal that such species, despite their high intrinsic rates of population growth, are not robust elsewhere. ", "Several of them have disappeared from a network of protected areas in Ghana (Brashares and others 2001). ", "I show that faster-reproducing species are not necessarily more likely to persist in protected areas. ", "The mere presence of fast-reproducing species in a mature bushmeat market should not be construed as generalizable robustness; criteria for ecological sustainability should ensure viability; and harvested species should be robust, not highly prone to extinction, in protected areas." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nIf I'm given a position vector, do I need to account for gravity when finding the velocity?", "\n\nI'm given a position vector $\\overrightarrow r$ which depends on $\\theta=\\theta(t)$. I found the velocity vector by simply taking the derivative. ", "But then I noticed that the problem also mentions that the particle is subjected to a gravitational acceleration in the $-z$ direction.", "\nDoes a position vector already account for this gravity? ", "My guess is yes. ", "If I were to simply put in a value of time, I would find out exactly where the particle is, regardless of anything else.", "\nThe problem:\nA small bead of mass m is constrained to move on a helix:\n$\\overrightarrow r(θ) = (R \\cos(θ), R \\sin(θ), q θ)$ where $R$ and $q$ are constants, and $θ=θ(t)$ describes the\nposition of the bead along the helix at time $t$.\nThe bead is also subjected to a gravitational acceleration $g$ downward ($-z$ direction).", "\nFind the following quantities in terms of $θ$ and $dθ/dt$ :\nc) potential energy U\n\nA:\n\nDoes a position vector already account for this gravity? ", "\n\nWhat a difference a small word makes, in this case \"a\"!", "\nA position vector evolving in time is simply an expression of where the particle is w.r.t. ", "its coordinate system. ", "E.g. for a 2D Cartesian coordinate system:\n$$\\vec{r(t)}=x(t).\\hat{i}+y(t).\\hat{j}$$\nWhere $ \\hat{i}$ and $\\hat{j}$ are the unit vectors.", "\nIn your case you would use Cylindrical coordinates.", "\nAn sich a position vector tells you nothing about whether gravity and/or other forces acting on the particle have been properly 'accounted' for.", "\nNow, if we refer to the position vector, as in specific to your problem, then it becomes a matter of having set up the correct equations of motion or not.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "We Bet You Didn’t Know These Things About The NFL\n\nSeptember 1, 2015\n\n— By\nAmanda D\n\nAlright, we get it, you can cite NFL stats like a walking Wikipedia entry. ", "You diligently stock up on Fantasy Football magazines and books each year, so you can cram even more pro football knowledge in your brain (and make smart draft picks, of course). ", "Now, let’s see if you can add some more info to the NFL database in your head with the following little-known facts:\n\nFootball isn’t just for Sundays\n\nNFL games have taken place at least once on every day of the week. ", "Games have been moved due to weather, holidays and even politics. ", "The 2012 NFL season opener was moved to Wednesday, so it wouldn’t be interrupted by President Obama’s speech at the Democratic National Convention.", "\n\nYou say football, I say baseball\n\nMLB team the Kansas City Royals drafted former Broncos’ quarterback John Elway and former Dolphins’ QB Dan Marino in 1979.", "\n\nWilsoooooon\n\nBall manufacturer Wilson makes about 4,000 footballs a day for the NFL. ", "The company goes through roughly 400 cowhides on a daily basis to reach that quota.", "\n\nRoute 66\n\nThe Los Angeles Buccaneers didn’t actually play any games in the City of Angels. ", "Instead, the traveling NFL team, which was only around during the 1926 season, operated out of the Windy City.", "\n\nTotally BS\n\nThe New England Patriots were almost saddled with the questionably initialed B.S. Patriots (for Bay Street Patriots) moniker in 1971, but that name lasted for about a month.", "\n\nAlright, let’s huddle\n\nThe earliest report of the huddle dates all the way back to the 1890s. ", "A deaf football player at Gallaudet University named Paul Hubbard used it so the other team wouldn’t be able to see the sign language he used to communicate to his teammates.", "\n\nAnd after all that he didn’t score?!", "\n\nSt. Louis Cardinals’ QB Jim Hart threw a record-breaking 98-yard completion from one 1-yard line to the other to Bobby Moore (aka Ahmad Rashad) in 1972. ", "That’s the record for the longest non-scoring pass.", "\n\nApollo Creed\n\nCarl Weathers, better known as Rocky Balboa’s nemesis Apollo Creed, was an Oakland Raiders linebacker in 1970 and 1971. ", "He played for the Canadian Football League the BC Lions after that, then left football playing behind for good to focus on his acting career.", "\n\nAge is just a number\n\nBrett Favre and Jerry Rice are the only NFL players over 40 to catch at least one pass. ", "Favre caught one and only one, while Rice caught 161.", "\n\nFootball has changed a lot\n\nOnly around 500 people watched the first NFL game on TV back in 1939, compared to an audience of roughly 114.4 million viewers who tuned in to watch the 2015 Super Bowl." ]

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[ "// Load modules\n\nvar Dgram = require('dgram');\nvar Lab = require('lab');\nvar Sntp = require('../lib');\n\n\n// Declare internals\n\nvar internals = {};\n\n\n// Test shortcuts\n\nvar expect = Lab.expect;\nvar before = Lab.before;\nvar after = Lab.after;\nvar describe = Lab.experiment;\nvar it = Lab.test;\n\n\ndescribe('SNTP', function () {\n\n describe('#time', function () {\n\n it('returns consistent result over multiple tries', function (done) {\n\n Sntp.time(function (err, time) {\n\n expect(err).to.not.exist;\n expect(time).to.exist;\n var t1 = time.t;\n\n Sntp.time(function (err, time) {\n\n expect(err).to.not.exist;\n expect(time).to.exist;\n var t2 = time.t;\n expect(Math.abs(t1 - t2)).is.below(200);\n done();\n });\n });\n });\n\n it('resolves reference IP', function (done) {\n\n Sntp.time({ host: 'ntp.exnet.com', resolveReference: true }, function (err, time) {\n\n expect(err).to.not.exist;\n expect(time).to.exist;\n expect(time.referenceHost).to.exist;\n done();\n });\n });\n\n it('times out on no response', function (done) {\n\n Sntp.time({ port: 124, timeout: 100 }, function (err, time) {\n\n expect(err).to.exist;\n expect(time).to.not.exist;\n expect(err.message).to.equal('Timeout');\n done();\n });\n });\n\n it('errors on error event', function (done) {\n\n var orig = Dgram.createSocket;\n Dgram.createSocket = function (type) {\n\n Dgram.createSocket = orig;\n var socket = Dgram.createSocket(type);\n process.nextTick(function () { socket.emit('error', new Error('Fake')) });\n return socket;\n };\n\n Sntp.time(function (err, time) {\n\n expect(err).to.exist;\n expect(time).to.not.exist;\n expect(err.message).to.equal('Fake');\n done();\n });\n });\n\n it('times out on invalid host', function (done) {\n\n Sntp.time({ host: 'error', timeout: 10000 }, function (err, time) {\n\n expect(err).to.exist;\n expect(time).to.not.exist;\n expect(err.message).to.equal('getaddrinfo ENOTFOUND');\n done();\n });\n });\n\n it('fails on bad response buffer size', function (done) {\n\n var server = Dgram.createSocket('udp4');\n server.on('message', function (message, remote) {\n var message = new Buffer(10);\n server.send(message, 0, message.length, remote.port, remote.address, function (err, bytes) {\n\n server.close();\n });\n });\n\n server.bind(49123);\n\n Sntp.time({ host: 'localhost', port: 49123 }, function (err, time) {\n\n expect(err).to.exist;\n expect(err.message).to.equal('Invalid server response');\n done();\n });\n });\n\n var messup = function (bytes) {\n\n var server = Dgram.createSocket('udp4');\n server.on('message', function (message, remote) {\n\n var message = new Buffer([\n 0x24, 0x01, 0x00, 0xe3,\n 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n 0x41, 0x43, 0x54, 0x53,\n 0xd4, 0xa8, 0x2d, 0xc7,\n 0x1c, 0x5d, 0x49, 0x1b,\n 0xd4, 0xa8, 0x2d, 0xe6,\n 0x67, 0xef, 0x9d, 0xb2,\n 0xd4, 0xa8, 0x2d, 0xe6,\n 0x71, 0xed, 0xb5, 0xfb,\n 0xd4, 0xa8, 0x2d, 0xe6,\n 0x71, 0xee, 0x6c, 0xc5\n ]);\n\n for (var i = 0, il = bytes.length; i < il; ++i) {\n message[bytes[i][0]] = bytes[i][1];\n }\n\n server.send(message, 0, message.length, remote.port, remote.address, function (err, bytes) {\n\n server.close();\n });\n });\n\n server.bind(49123);\n };\n\n it('fails on bad version', function (done) {\n\n messup([[0, (0 << 6) + (3 << 3) + (4 << 0)]]);\n\n Sntp.time({ host: 'localhost', port: 49123 }, function (err, time) {\n\n expect(err).to.exist;\n expect(time.version).to.equal(3);\n expect(err.message).to.equal('Invalid server response');\n done();\n });\n });\n\n it('fails on bad originate timestamp and alarm li', function (done) {\n\n messup([[0, (3 << 6) + (4 << 3) + (4 << 0)]]);\n\n Sntp.time({ host: 'localhost', port: 49123 }, function (err, time) {\n\n expect(err).to.exist;\n expect(err.message).to.equal('Wrong originate timestamp');\n expect(time.leapIndicator).to.equal('alarm');\n done();\n });\n });\n\n it('returns time with death stratum and last61 li', function (done) {\n\n messup([[0, (1 << 6) + (4 << 3) + (4 << 0)], [1, 0]]);\n\n Sntp.time({ host: 'localhost', port: 49123 }, function (err, time) {\n\n expect(time.stratum).to.equal('death');\n expect(time.leapIndicator).to.equal('last-minute-61');\n done();\n });\n });\n\n it('returns time with reserved stratum and last59 li', function (done) {\n\n messup([[0, (2 << 6) + (4 << 3) + (4 << 0)], [1, 0x1f]]);\n\n Sntp.time({ host: 'localhost', port: 49123 }, function (err, time) {\n\n expect(time.stratum).to.equal('reserved');\n expect(time.leapIndicator).to.equal('last-minute-59');\n done();\n });\n });\n\n it('fails on bad mode (symmetric-active)', function (done) {\n\n messup([[0, (0 << 6) + (4 << 3) + (1 << 0)]]);\n\n Sntp.time({ host: 'localhost', port: 49123 }, function (err, time) {\n\n expect(err).to.exist;\n expect(time.mode).to.equal('symmetric-active');\n done();\n });\n });\n\n it('fails on bad mode (symmetric-passive)', function (done) {\n\n messup([[0, (0 << 6) + (4 << 3) + (2 << 0)]]);\n\n Sntp.time({ host: 'localhost', port: 49123 }, function (err, time) {\n\n expect(err).to.exist;\n expect(time.mode).to.equal('symmetric-passive');\n done();\n });\n });\n\n it('fails on bad mode (client)', function (done) {\n\n messup([[0, (0 << 6) + (4 << 3) + (3 << 0)]]);\n\n Sntp.time({ host: 'localhost', port: 49123 }, function (err, time) {\n\n expect(err).to.exist;\n expect(time.mode).to.equal('client');\n done();\n });\n });\n\n it('fails on bad mode (broadcast)', function (done) {\n\n messup([[0, (0 << 6) + (4 << 3) + (5 << 0)]]);\n\n Sntp.time({ host: 'localhost', port: 49123 }, function (err, time) {\n\n expect(err).to.exist;\n expect(time.mode).to.equal('broadcast');\n done();\n });\n });\n\n it('fails on bad mode (reserved)', function (done) {\n\n messup([[0, (0 << 6) + (4 << 3) + (6 << 0)]]);\n\n Sntp.time({ host: 'localhost', port: 49123 }, function (err, time) {\n\n expect(err).to.exist;\n expect(time.mode).to.equal('reserved');\n done();\n });\n });\n });\n\n describe('#offset', function () {\n\n it('gets the current offset', function (done) {\n\n Sntp.offset(function (err, offset) {\n\n expect(err).to.not.exist;\n expect(offset).to.not.equal(0);\n done();\n });\n });\n\n it('gets the current offset from cache', function (done) {\n\n Sntp.offset(function (err, offset) {\n\n expect(err).to.not.exist;\n expect(offset).to.not.equal(0);\n var offset1 = offset;\n Sntp.offset({}, function (err, offset) {\n\n expect(err).to.not.exist;\n expect(offset).to.equal(offset1);\n done();\n });\n });\n });\n\n it('fails getting the current offset on invalid server', function (done) {\n\n Sntp.offset({ host: 'error' }, function (err, offset) {\n\n expect(err).to.exist;\n expect(offset).to.equal(0);\n done();\n });\n });\n });\n\n describe('#now', function () {\n\n it('starts auto-sync, gets now, then stops', function (done) {\n\n Sntp.stop();\n\n var before = Sntp.now();\n expect(before).to.equal(Date.now());\n\n Sntp.start(function () {\n\n var now = Sntp.now();\n expect(now).to.not.equal(Date.now());\n Sntp.stop();\n\n done();\n });\n });\n\n it('starts twice', function (done) {\n\n Sntp.start(function () {\n\n Sntp.start(function () {\n\n var now = Sntp.now();\n expect(now).to.not.equal(Date.now());\n Sntp.stop();\n\n done();\n });\n });\n });\n\n it('starts auto-sync, gets now, waits, gets again after timeout', function (done) {\n\n Sntp.stop();\n\n var before = Sntp.now();\n expect(before).to.equal(Date.now());\n\n Sntp.start({ clockSyncRefresh: 100 }, function () {\n\n var now = Sntp.now();\n expect(now).to.not.equal(Date.now());\n expect(now).to.equal(Sntp.now());\n\n setTimeout(function () {\n\n expect(Sntp.now()).to.not.equal(now);\n Sntp.stop();\n done();\n }, 110);\n });\n });\n });\n});\n\n" ]

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[ "Hoekstra says he'll decide Senate run within 2 weeks\n\nFormer West Michigan Congressman Pete Hoekstra says he will decide within the next two weeks whether to launch a 2012 Senate run, the Grand Rapids Press reports. ", "The U.S. Senate seat is currently held by Democrat Debbie Stabenow. ", "Stabenow has held the seat since 2000. ", "From the Grand Rapid Press:\n\nHoekstra, who lost a bruising Republican gubernatorial primary in 2010 and left Congress after nine terms, has consistently performed well in polls in hypothetical head-to-head matchups with Stabenow." ]

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[ "Here is a game that combines top-down twin-stick shooting, roguelike and dungeon crawling to bring you a game where exploring, survival and collecting is key. ", "Your ultimate goal is to collect a complete collection of gemstones found in the caverns below\n\nInstall instructions\n\nExtract the provided ZIP folder and you should be able to run it straight away by clicking on the executable.", "\n\nAll instructions are found in the README.txt, and if you want to set any settings before running the game, go into config.txt and change the values there.", "\n\nThere are prerequisites:" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "NOTIFY ME\n\nDo you have a car that you keep searching for? ", "Imperial Select makes it easy for you so you don't have to keep filtering your search every time. ", "Simply add up to three notifications below and you'll be notified by email whenever a matching car is listed on the website." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Powder coating compositions have become increasingly important and substantial research has been devoted to improving their properties and performance. ", "These coating compositions are free flowing powders which are sprayed on a substrate commonly utilizing electrostatic spray apparatus, and then melted to form a film or coating. ", "The powders may simply melt and resolidify to form a thermoplastic coating or they be formulated such that they undergo a curing reaction to yield a thermoset or crosslinked coating. ", "These thermoset coatings have been found to have significant advantages over the thermoplastic coatings in many applications. ", "Thus, the thermosetting powder coating formulations have come to serve the bulk of the powder coating market.", "\nIntermediate molecular weight polyesters based on aromatic dicarboxylic acids, particularly terephthalic acid, have come to be a major ingredient in such thermosetting powder coating formulations. ", "These polyesters are synthesized to have either hydroxyl or carboxyl functionality. ", "The carboxyl terminated polyesters are combined with curatives which have epoxy functionality while the hydroxyl terminated polyesters are combined with blocked isocyanates. ", "Powder coating compositions were disclosed, for instance, in U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "3,624,232 and 3,842,021, in which hydroxyl terminated polyesters were combined with a hexamethoxymethylmelamine curative. ", "However, these systems were not accepted by the market place.", "\nThe failure of the melamine curatives to obtain an acceptance in the market was probably due to the structure of the market and the nature of the curative. ", "The manufacturers of powder coating compositions typically purchase the polyester resin component and the curative and combine them with other ingredients such as pigment and flow aids in extrusion blenders. ", "The melamine curatives are room temperature liquids which makes incorporating them into the composition by extrusion on a commercial scale somewhat burdensome.", "\nMore recently, aminoplast curatives which are solids at room temperature have been developed. ", "One of these is hexamethoxymethyl glycol uril, which is marketed by American Cyanamid as Cymel 1174. ", "However, it has been difficult to find an appropriate catalyst with which to promote the reaction of this curative with hydroxyl terminated polyesters under conditions acceptable to the powder coating industry. ", "An appropriate catalyst must not adversely affect the production of the powder coating composition by causing premature curing, for instance during the extrusion blending step. ", "On the other hand, it must ensure curing under the time and temperature constraints of the industry.", "\nSome initial success was obtained with benzoin tosylate but this material has become unavailable due to toxicity problems. ", "Alternative catalysts were either too active under extrusion blending conditions, for example, toluene sulfonic acid, or not active enough under curing or baking conditions, for example, an aminomethyl propanol-toluene sulfonic acid adduct.", "\nAnother approach which predated that of powder coatings was solvent-borne coatings and more recently aqueous coating systems. ", "In this field as well, some coating techniques involved a simple deposition of a film or coating with evaporation of the carrier medium while others involved a chemical reaction which yielded a cross linked thermoset coating. ", "Increasing concern with the environment made it attractive to make as much of the carrier medium as possible water for both of these types of coating.", "\nOne approach to obtaining higher water contents in these carrier mediums is to utilize water compatible or water dispersible polymers to form the coating. ", "Polymers of interest for forming coatings can be given improved water compatibility by incorporating pendant ionic salt groups into the polymer chain. ", "Typical salt groups are those based on carboxylic or sulfonic acid and an alkali metal, such as sodium. ", "Indeed, improving the water compatibility of organic compounds through the incorporation of sulfonate salt groups dates back to very old dyestuff chemistry.", "\nThe water compatibility of coating polymers can be further improved by limiting their molecular weight and their melt points or glass transition temperatures. ", "This approach is particularly applicable to those systems in which the coating polymer will be further reacted to form a thermoset or cross linked coating. ", "In such cases, it is not necessary for the dispersed polymer itself to have sufficient molecular weight or physical properties to form a good coating.", "\nRecently, Eastman Chemical Products, a subsidiary of Eastman Kodak, has begun to promote a sulfonate group bearing hydroxyl terminated polyester designed for use in aqueous systems (Waterborne Polyester Resin WB-17-1NS). ", "Eastman does not market the polyester but sells the 5-(sodiosulfo)isophthalic acid and is evidently trying to create a market for it. ", "This polyester is formed by the esterification of isophthalic acid, 5-sodium sulfo isophthalic acid, adipic acid, trimethylol propane and neopentyl glycol. ", "It cold flows at room temperature, as a result of its chemical make-up with the acids in a ratio of 57:3:40 and the polyols in the ratio of 14.8:85.2. ", "Both the 40 mol percent adipic acid content and the 14.8 mol percent trimethylol propane branching agent serve to suppress the glass transition temperature below room temperature (20.degree. ", "C.). ", "It has an acid number of 6, a hydroxyl number of 65 and a 150.degree. ", "C. ICI con and plate viscosity of 54 Poise.", "\nThis polyester is reported to yield good coatings when cured with hexamethoxymethylmelamine in a resin to curative weight ratio of 70:30. ", "However, the coating composition is only about 44% solids with the balance being a mixture of water and isopropanol. ", "This composition is catalyzed with paratoluene sulfonic acid (PTSA).", "\nThis polyester would have no utility as a powder coating resin because of its very low glass transition temperature (which must be lower than ambient temperature since it cold flows at ambient temperature). ", "Furthermore, while it carries sulfonic acid salt groups, their function is clearly just to enhance the water dispersibility of the polyesters. ", "The literature promoting this polyester gives no indication that these sulfonic acid salt groups could serve any other function and, in fact, this literature calls for a PTSA catalyst to promote curing with the hexamethoxymethylmelamine curative, in an aqueous medium.", "\nIt has now been discovered that these sulfonic acid salt groups will, in a molten system of resin and curative, catalyze the reaction of hydroxyl groups and methoxy alkylene amino groups, such as those carried by hexamethoxymethylmelamine. ", "Thus, an incentive has been provided for chemically incorporating such groups into polyesters which do have appropriate properties for formulation into powder coating compositions. ", "Such polyesters can be used to produce powders which have a reasonable degree of resistance to agglomeration under typical field storage conditions and appropriate molten flow characteristics under typical curing conditions." ]

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[ "World Electronics Inc. invested $16,000,000 to build a plant in a foreign country. ", "The labor and materials used in production are purchased locally. ", "The plant expansion was estimated to produce an internal rate of return of 20% in U.S. dollar terms. ", "Due to a currency crisis, the currency exchange rate between the local currency and the U.S. dollar doubled from two local units per U.S. dollar to four local units per U.S. dollar.a. ", "Assume that the plant produced and sold product in the local economy. ", "Explain what impact this change in the currency exchange rate would have on the project’s internal rate of return.b. ", "Assume that the plant produced product in the local economy but exported the product back to the United States for sale. ", "Explain what impact the change in the currency exchange rate would have on the project’s internal rate of return under this assumption." ]

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[ "Traditionally, the traffic in the telecommunication networks has essentially been composed of real time traffic with deterministic and low bandwidth requirements, whereas in computer communication networks, to a considerable degree, it has been composed of non-real time traffic with a bursty and varying need of bandwidth. ", "The different characteristics of the traffic flows have led to different implementations of the networks. ", "The present development on the Internet with multimedia services, new communication services etc. ", "results in new types of traffic flows, which makes new demands on the networks which are to transport and switch these traffic flows.", "\nAs regards telecommunication, the extremely fast development of the optical transmission systems, where transmission at Tbit/s was achieved already 1996, has given hopes of providing switched all-optical networks. ", "However, up to now it has turned out that these networks are still limited as regards both the number of nodes that can be passed and the number of simultaneous connections which can be supported. ", "Above all, this is due to coherent crosstalk between wavelength channels, amplifier saturation in the optical amplifiers and intensified spontaneous emission.", "\nThese deficiencies imply that networks with optical systems on links which are connected by means of electronic switches are still the most common ones. ", "In this type of network, each link may comprise approximately ten fibres. ", "Each fibre may carry tens of wavelength channels which, in their turn, each can be divided into a large quantity of logical channels. ", "The most common technique for division into logical channels in transport networks is today the synchronous technique SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) in Europe and SONET (Synchronous Optical NETwork) which is the American correspondence. ", "A disadvantage of these synchronous techniques is that they require clock distribution and synchronisation between the nodes of the network. ", "Another disadvantage is that the distribution of bandwidth between logical channels is essentially static over time.", "\nAs regards computer communication, new equipment has been developed based on the network protocol IP (Internet Protocol) on the Internet. ", "Today, IP constitutes the most important technique in networks for handling multimedia traffic, but also the newer technique ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is used to a certain degree. ", "Both IP and ATM have the advantage of supporting the handling of a large number of traffic flows and of supporting the handling of data streams of different size.", "\nA critical part in the handling of data streams is, of course, the switching or routing in the nodes. ", "This part of the handling consists of two parts, on the one hand, the node must connect the traffic coming through the inputs to the correct output and, on the other hand, the traffic has to be multiplexed on the outputs.", "\nIn all-optical switches and in SDH and SONET switches both connection and multiplexing usually occur by means of so-called cross-connect switches which are adjusted in advance on the basis of a dimensioning which implies that contention on the outputs is avoided. ", "This may take place since the bandwidth of the different channels in them are deterministic. ", "Naturally, the disadvantage is that these channels are not suitable as regards traffic which has varying bandwidth requirements.", "\nIn IP routers and ATM switches connection and multiplexing may occur in real time. ", "In both these cases, contention for bandwidth on the outputs may appear when packets coming from different inputs at the same point of time are to exit on the same output. ", "This is usually solved by means of buffers and central processing units. ", "However, these solutions require complicated equipment, and problems with the throughput arise at high data transfer rates and a plurality of inputs and outputs." ]

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[ "Ask any schoolchild when\nEarth Day is, and theyŐll likely give you the right answer. ", "Ask them the same\nquestion about World Environment Day, and youŐll probably get a blank stare in\nreturn. ", "In fairness to the kids, itŐs really not their fault. ", "Despite the fact\nthat World Environment Day was established by the United Nations back in 1972,\nitŐs largely a non-event in Canada.", "I suspect that is this because many of the functions and celebrations of\nthe United Nations are often focused on need – something few Canadians\nknow anything about. ", "Programs like World Environment Day, World AIDS Day and\nother UN programs donŐt even enter our radar because we live in a land of such\nbounty and privilege.", "\n\nPerhaps itŐs time for a\nlittle history lesson. ", "The United Nations General Assembly established June 5\nas World Environment Day in 1972 to mark the opening of the Stockholm\nConference on the Human Environment. ", "On the same day the UN General Assembly passed\nanother resolution that led to the creation of the United Nations Environment\nProgramme (or UNEP), arguably the most important vehicle we have for dealing\nwith global environmental problems.", "\n\nAccording to the UN, the\npurpose of World Environment Day is to stimulate worldwide awareness of the\nenvironment and enhance political attention and action. ", "The 2006 theme, Deserts\nand Desertification, was chosen because on the UN calendar, 2006 is also the\nInternational Year of Deserts and Desertification. (", "Bet you didnŐt know that,\neither – I sure didnŐt.)", "\n\nWith predictions that\ncatastrophic climate change might be just around the corner, this yearŐs theme\ncouldnŐt be more timely – particularly for Canadians. ", "Alberta and\nSaskatchewan are already suffering through record drought conditions and much\nof southern Alberta has been engulfed in uncontrolled forest fires for weeks.", "\nIf this keeps up, CanadaŐs breadbasket may soon become part of the vast\ndrylands of the Earth, which already cover more than 40 percent of planetŐs\nsurface.", "\n\nWhat I find astonishing is\nthat these arid lands are already home to more than two billion people, or\none-third of the worldŐs population, most of whom are the most vulnerable\nmembers of the family of man.", "\n\nŇFor most dryland dwellers, life is hard and the future often\nprecarious,Ó said UN Secretary General Kofi Annan. ", "ŇThey live on the\necological, economic and social margins.", "It is essential that we do not neglect them or the fragile habitats on\nwhich they depend.", "Ó\n\nIt may already be to late.", "\nWith human activity already altering the climate at an unprecedented rate, many\nof these arid regions are becoming the worldŐs political hotspots. ", "Civil wars\nare raging in many countries where fundamental resources such as food and water\nare scarce.", "\n\nŇAcross the planet, poverty,\nunsustainable land management and climate change are turning drylands into\ndeserts, and desertification in turn exacerbates and leads to poverty,Ó said\nAnnan. ", "ŇThere is also mounting evidence that dryland degradation and competition\nover increasingly scarce resources can bring communities into conflict.", "\nFurthermore, people whose livelihoods and survival depend on drylands are\nswelling the ranks of environmental and economic refugees who are testing the\nalready stretched resources of towns and cities across the developing world.", "Ó\n\nClearly, this is a major\nproblem that requires our concerted attention. ", "The suffering of two billion\nsouls cannot go unheard. ", "To bring it even closer to home, the mounting death\ntoll of our Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan bears witness to the fact that\nunrest anywhere in the world affects us all.", "\n\nThereŐs much to be done. ", "For\nstarters, we can begin by learning more about World Environment Day and finding\nout what other countries around the world are doing to celebrate. ", "ItŐs both\ninteresting and embarrassing to note that Canada doesnŐt even appear on UNŐs\nlist of countries that are planning World Environment Day activities. ", "Even the\nUS is hosting seven major events.", "\n\nIf youŐre stuck for ideas or\nneed inspiration, the official UNEP website features The World Environment Day\nAlphabet which offers 77 ways to celebrate. ", "This A to Z listing has suggestions\nfor everything from Awareness Days to Zero Emissions. ", "The list is inspiring and\na clear reminder of exactly how much more we Canadians could be doing to\nprotect Mother Earth." ]

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[ "By Tim Franks\n\nBBC News, Jerusalem\n\nIsraeli aircraft dropped hundreds of tons of explosives on Gaza, not all of which exploded\n\nA large stockpile of unexploded weapons has disappeared in Gaza, before United Nations experts were able to dispose of it safely, the BBC has learned. ", "The explosives, including aircraft bombs and white phosphorus shells, were fired by the Israeli military during its recent offensive in the Gaza Strip. ", "UN officials said they were urgently trying to establish where the arms had gone and have called for their return. ", "Israel has accused Hamas of taking the stockpile, which was under Hamas guard. '", "Extremely dangerous' Richard Miron, the senior UN spokesman in Jerusalem, said: \"We are anxious to get the return of this ordnance. ", "It's clearly extremely dangerous and needs to be disposed of in a safe manner. \"", "This is our primary concern.\" ", "A UN Mines Action Team has been in Gaza since the end of the war, last month, its job to locate unexploded Israeli ordnance and to organise its safe disposal. ", "Two weeks ago, on 2 February, the UN team was given access to a storage site in Gaza City where more than 7,000kg of explosives was being housed. ", "It included three 2,000-pound bombs and eight 500-pound bombs, which had all been dropped from aircraft but failed to explode. ", "There was also a large number of 155mm shells for delivering the incendiary chemical white phosphorus. ", "Safe areas Many of the explosives had been collected by the Hamas authorities in the Gaza Strip. ", "The UN staff had been waiting for the Israeli army to allow them to bring specialist equipment into Gaza so they would be able to destroy the explosives safely. ", "In particular, the team needed explosives or flares to set off a controlled explosion and they needed tools to allow them to extract fuses from some of the bombs. ", "The UN staff were also waiting for permission from the Israeli military to use two safe areas to dispose of the munitions. ", "At a meeting last Thursday with the Israeli army, two areas were identified: one in the north, in a no-go area close to the border with Israel and the other near Khan Younis in the south, in a former Hamas training area. ", "On Sunday, when UN officials returned to the warehouse, which was under a Hamas police guard, they say they found most of the explosives had gone missing. ", "Israeli military spokesman Peter Lerner said the stockpile had been \"commandeered by Hamas\".", "\n\n\n\nBookmark with: Delicious\n\nDigg\n\nreddit\n\nFacebook\n\nStumbleUpon What are these? ", "E-mail this to a friend Printable version" ]

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[ "Biosynthesis of the respiratory toxin bongkrekic acid in the pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia gladioli.", "\nBongkrekic acid (BA), an infamous respiratory toxin of the pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia gladioli, causes lethal intoxications when tempe bongkrek is produced with contaminated Rhizopus oligosporus cultures. ", "Genome sequencing of B. gladioli pathovar cocovenenans unveiled the genetic basis for BA biosynthesis, and pointed to a homologous bon gene cluster in a B. gladioli strain from an infected rice plant. ", "For functional genetics in B. gladioli λ Red recombination was established. ", "Dissection of the modular type I polyketide synthase (a trans-AT PKS) provided insights into complex polyketide assembly. ", "Isoprenoid-like β-branching events and a six-electron oxidation of a methyl group to a carboxylic acid give rise to the unique branched tricarboxylic fatty acid. ", "The role of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, BonL, was proven by structural elucidation of deoxybongkrekic acid from a mutant." ]

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[ "In the media\n\n“Eglė Rindzevičiūtė offered a fascinating history of cybernetics, from its origins in World War II through its heyday in the 1960s, its integration into various disciplines in the ’70s, and its influence on Bruno Latour’s actor-network theory, with its nonmodern insistence that we have never been separate from our animal selves. ", "Indeed, cybernetics’ refusal to differentiate among mind/body and culture/nature/machine sounds ringingly clear to anyone who’s ever been on acid.”", "\n\nIn addition to this interview, I also contribute articles to a number of popular journals and newspapers, such as “Moteris” [Woman], an established popular monthly in Lithuania, and 7 Meno dienos [7 Art Days].", "\n\n***\n\nMy brief comments on creative industries and the economic impact of the arts on the programme Kultmisijos (CultMission), broadcasted by the Lithuanian National Television." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nСборка golang-части перед сборкой самого Android-приложения\n\nВозможно ли билдить golang-часть моего приложения из подмодуля git, потому запихивать бинарник в специальную директорию, а далее уже билдить само Android-приложение?", "\n\nA:\n\nесли приложение билдится при помощи Gradle, то можно оформить билд Go части через проект на Maven и сначала билдить его при помощи плагина типа gradle-maven-exec-plugin и потом использовать сгенерированный артифакт\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Every NFL Stadium — Ranked From Worst To Best\n\nNFL stadiums are some of the most awe-inspiring buildings in the world. ", "These colossal venues have to keep millions of people entertained and moderately comfortable every year, even if the on-field performances aren’t up to snuff.", "\n\nBy and large, people seem to love going to all the current NFL stadiums. ", "The average Google rating as of fall 2018 of all 31 home venues currently in use by NFL teams was 4.5 out of 5, with none getting a lower average score than 4.0 from the people who’ve gone there.", "\n\nBut, like teams, not all NFL stadiums are created equal. ", "Take a look at our ranking of every NFL home stadium from worst to best.", "\n\n(Photo credits: Getty Images)\n\nFedExField (Washington Redskins)\n\nLocation: Landover, MarylandCapacity: 82,000Year Opened: 1997\n\nProof that bigger isn’t always better, FedExField (no, there isn’t supposed to be a space anywhere in there) has a higher seating capacity than most stadiums in the NFL, but it’s also arguably the last one you’d want to visit. ", "First off, when your team is supposed to be located in a major city like the nation’s capital, having to drive 45 minutes out to the suburbs to take in a game frankly sucks. ", "Not to mention that once you get there, parking will cost you nearly $60 and tickets are among the most expensive in the league.", "\n\nOakland-Alameda County Coliseum (Oakland Raiders)\n\nLocation: Oakland, CaliforniaCapacity: 53,286Year Opened: 1966\n\nYou’d have to fly across the country from Washington to find the league’s other most commonly hated stadium. ", "The decrepit Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum gets points for not having a corporate-sponsored name but loses those points for also being used as a baseball stadium by MLB’s Oakland Athletics. ", "That fact makes the field’s layout somewhat awkward, with expensive 50-yard-line seats actually being farther away than some others because of the curvature of the seating area at midfield.", "\n\nIn 2018, MoneyWise voted the Raiders home field the worst stadium in the entire NFL. ", "The good news for the team turns out to be bad news for fans: The Raiders will be moving into a brand-new stadium in Las Vegas at some point in 2020.", "\n\nNew Era Field (Buffalo Bills)\n\nLocation: Orchard Park, New YorkCapacity: 71,608Year Opened: 1973\n\nKickers hate this stadium and most fans do too. ", "The windy conditions at New Era Field are legendary, thanks to the venue’s downwind location from Lake Erie.", "\n\nDespite being one of the older stadiums still being used in the NFL, New Era Field had the fewest reviews left by visitors on Google, likely meaning that most people who attend a game aren’t too excited to share their experience once they hit the exits. ", "Some people have even said the field is cursed because the Bills have struggled mightily since 1973, famously losing four straight Super Bowls in the 1990s.", "\n\nDignity Health Sports Park (Los Angeles Chargers)\n\nLocation: Carson, CaliforniaCapacity: 27,000Year Opened: 2003\n\nBy far the smallest stadium being used by an NFL team in 2019, Dignity Health Sports Park was built as the home of Major League Soccer’s LA Galaxy but is being used to house the Los Angeles Chargers until 2020. ", "It’s tiny, but its stature gives it some novelty for NFL fans. ", "It honestly seems kind of neat to say you watched an NFL game at such a small venue — almost like catching Bruce Springsteen performing at a local bar.", "\n\nDignity Health Sports Park has a solid 4.5/5 rating from Google users, so it’s certainly not the worst place to take in a football game, provided you can find one of the 27,000 tickets!", "\n\nFirstEnergy Stadium (Cleveland Browns)\n\nLocation: Cleveland, OhioCapacity: 67,895Year Opened: 1999\n\nSome Browns fans call it “NoEnergy Stadium” and others call it the “Factory of Sadness,” but either way it’s one of the lamest venues in the league. ", "The Browns have the worst home record of any NFL team since 2013, winning fewer than 30 percent of their games at FirstEnergy Stadium in that time, meaning that home-field advantage is virtually nonexistent here.", "\n\nCleveland also has the second-worst weather of any NFL city, according to The Weather Channel, thanks to frigid winds constantly blowing in from nearby Lake Erie. ", "But, with all that said, it is the cheapest place in the NFL to see a game, according to GoBankingRates.com.", "\n\nHard Rock Stadium (Miami Dolphins)\n\nLocation: Miami Gardens, FloridaCapacity: 65,326Year Opened: 1987\n\nFor such a busy venue, Hard Rock Stadium is pretty forgettable. ", "It plays home to both the Miami Dolphins and University of Miami Hurricanes — and hosted MLB’s Miami Marlins until 2011. ", "It has also hosted five Super Bowls and will host its sixth in 2020.", "\n\nSoldier Field (Chicago Bears)\n\nLocation: Chicago, IllinoisCapacity: 61,500Year Opened: 1924\n\nIt has one of the best names of any stadium and is the oldest permanent stadium in the NFL but Chicago’s Soldier Field isn’t one of the league’s standout venues. ", "Soldier Field predates Lambeau Field by 33 years and Arrowhead Stadium by nearly 50 years but doesn’t have the charm of those sacred sites. ", "Many critics blame a series of renovations that the stadium underwent in the 2000s, which caused Soldier Field to lose its status as a historic landmark in 2006.", "\n\nThe fact that the stadium has a much smaller capacity than those two aforementioned stadiums, although it’s located in the heart of one of America’s biggest cities, doesn’t help its reputation.", "\n\nNissan Stadium (Tennessee Titans)\n\nLocation: Nashville, TennesseeCapacity: 69,143Year Opened: 1999\n\nNissan Stadium, formerly known as LP Field, has a prime location right outside downtown Nashville but, other than that, it’s a pretty pedestrian NFL venue. ", "In 2017, Deadspin ripped Titans fans for taking a backseat to visiting teams’ fans at Nissan Stadium, saying “home games are essentially vacation destinations for visiting fans.” ", "But I will give Nissan Stadium some extra credit for being the home of the Music City Miracle in January 2000, closing out the Titans first season in the stadium with one of the best plays in NFL history.", "\n\nPaul Brown Stadium (Cincinnati Bengals)\n\nLocation: Cincinnati, OhioCapacity: 65,515Year Opened: 2000\n\nCincinnati’s Paul Brown Stadium boasts nice views of the city skyline but is pretty basic other than that, in terms of modern perks. ", "From the outside, PBS — as it’s known by the locals — is an attractive building, winning several honors for its design. ", "This stadium also scores some bonus points for its namesake, standing as a tribute to Bengals founder and football icon Paul Brown.", "\n\nTIAA Bank Field (Jacksonville Jaguars)\n\nLocation: Jacksonville, FloridaCapacity: 69,132Year Opened: 1995\n\nTIAA Bank Field, formerly EverBank Field, has been open since the Jacksonville Jaguars joined the NFL. ", "Despite its age, it does have some pretty unique amenities. ", "It’s the only NFL stadium where you can swim during the game, in the pools located on the stadium’s north deck. ", "You’ll probably need that option since Jacksonville has some of the NFL’s most humid fall temperatures.", "\n\nRaymond James Stadium (Tampa Bay Buccaneers)\n\nLocation: Tampa, FloridaCapacity: 65,890Year Opened: 1998\n\nThe Ray Jay loses some cred for splitting time as the home stadium of the University of South Florida Bulls — because an NFL stadium should be only that. ", "The stadium has hosted a pair of Super Bowls and has another in line for 2021, but it’s a pretty unremarkable stadium — other than the 100-foot pirate ship located in the north end zone!", "\n\nSadly, the fans in Tampa haven’t had many reasons to celebrate after leaving home games at Raymond James Stadium in recent years, as only the Cleveland Browns have a worse home record since 2013 than the Bucs. ", "The team is 16-27 at home in that span.", "\n\nLos Angeles Memorial Coliseum (Los Angeles Rams)\n\nLocation: Los Angeles, CaliforniaCapacity: 77,500Year Opened: 1923\n\nNo current NFL stadium has stood longer than Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, which opened its doors in 1923 — or 44 years before the first Super Bowl! ", "Despite all that history, the stadium doesn’t have much in the way of modern amenities or unique food options, hurting its standing on this list. ", "Parking is also said to be pricey, running up to $200 for a close spot during a Rams game. ", "The team will only play its games there until 2020 when their new stadium is set to open.", "\n\nLevi’s Stadium (San Francisco 49ers)\n\nLocation: Santa Clara, CaliforniaCapacity: 68,500Year Opened: 2014\n\nA major bummer about this state-of-the-art stadium is that 49ers fans who live in San Francisco have to drive about 45 miles to get to a home game. ", "But the experience of the common fan has been criticized, too, as the hot sun hammers anyone sitting in the general seats, while the massive luxury-box section has the sun behind it. ", "The tailgating scene is also pretty much dead, since parking is among the most expensive in the league, as are average ticket prices. ", "One major bonus: You can order food from your phone and have it delivered to your seat, so you never have to miss a play.", "\n\nStill, fans don’t seem to love Levi’s Stadium, giving it a relatively low 4.4/5 score on Google despite it being one of the league’s newest venues.", "\n\nMetLife Stadium (New York Jets/New York Giants)\n\nIt’s got the highest capacity of any NFL stadium, but MetLife Stadium still manages to be one of the most energy-efficient venues in the country. ", "Located about 13 miles from New York City, the home to both the Giants and Jets also rarely gets a Sunday off during the NFL season. ", "It gets knocked for its bland architecture, but it’s a pure football venue. ", "Another bonus is that seeing a game at MetLife Stadium is reportedly a lot cheaper than you’d probably think, with Jets tickets ranking among the league’s lowest, in terms of median pricing.", "\n\nBank of America Stadium (Carolina Panthers)\n\nLocation: Charlotte, North CarolinaCapacity: 75,419Year Opened: 1996\n\nBank of America Stadium is underrated among NFL home sites. ", "Its bowl design calls to mind all the classic football stadiums from the old days of the league and its view of Charlotte’s skyline makes the cheap seats more exciting. ", "Also, fans there get some of the best fall weather in the entire NFL, according to The Weather Channel. ", "It’s certainly a little dated, having opened its doors before Bill Clinton’s second term, but, since 2013, the Carolina Panthers have the second-best record at home of any team in the NFL.", "\n\nFord Field (Detroit Lions)\n\nLocation: Detroit, MichiganCapacity: 65,000Year Opened: 2002\n\nYou’ll be safe from the elements of a Michigan winter at a game inside Ford Field. ", "The stadium allows plenty of natural light to filter in through skylights and massive windows. ", "Its location right in the heart of downtown Detroit is also a big plus. ", "The venue has been deemed nice enough to host a Super Bowl, an NCAA Final Four and WWE’s WrestleMania, in addition to other major sporting events.", "\n\nOh, and did I mention you can get $12 dessert nachos that feature Nutella, cinnamon, sugar, cherries and whipped cream?", "\n\nLincoln Financial Field (Philadelphia Eagles)\n\nLocation: Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaCapacity: 69,596Year Opened: 2003\n\nIt’s not the most gorgeous or cutting-edge stadium on the list but the Linc embodies Philadelphia football, leaving fans and players exposed to the elements. ", "It’s got a respectable seating capacity and a very solid 4.6/5 average rating from nearly 5,000 visitors on Google. ", "Lincoln Financial Field has also been praised for its energy efficiency and access to vegetarian food options.", "\n\nM&T Bank Stadium (Baltimore Ravens)\n\nLocation: Baltimore, MarylandCapacity: 71,008Year Opened: 1998\n\nAnother NFL stadium that flies under the radar a bit is Baltimore’s home field. ", "The stadium has been home to the Ravens since 1998, hosting nearly every home game in the franchise’s existence, with the team’s beloved marching band, The Flock, making the atmosphere even better. ", "Design-wise, it’s a typical football stadium, aside from the purple seats, but M&T Bank Stadium is very proud of its reputation as one of the NFL’s pioneers in terms of energy efficiency.", "\n\nRavens fans are also very likely to see their favorite team win if they catch a home game. ", "In 2017, ESPN calculated that M&T Bank Stadium presented the third-best home-field advantage in the NFL. ", "And did I mention you can get crab cakes at some concession stands?", "\n\nNRG Stadium (Houston Texans)\n\nLocation: Houston, TexasCapacity: 72,220Year Opened: 2002\n\nHouston has had a proud history of awesome sports venues dating back to the Astrodome, and NRG Stadium keeps that legacy alive. ", "It was a major trendsetter, being the NFL’s first stadium with a retractable roof when it opened in 2002. ", "In addition to hosting every Texans home game since the team was founded, NRG Stadium has hosted two of the greatest Super Bowls ever played. ", "It also has one of the biggest capacities of any stadium with a roof in the league. ", "The fact that, when it was built, NRG Stadium cost about a third as much as the Dallas Cowboys’ AT&T Stadium is mind-blowing.", "\n\nLucas Oil Stadium (Indianapolis Colts)\n\nLocation: Indianapolis, IndianaCapacity: 67,000Year Opened: 2008\n\nA major improvement over Indy’s RCA Dome, Lucas Oil Stadium is one of the most beautiful and advanced stadiums in the NFL. ", "It features a retractable roof to keep things comfortable at all times, but the red-brick exterior and massive window wall, both reminiscent of Indianapolis’ iconic Hinkle Fieldhouse, are what make it a true gem of stadium design.", "\n\nEmpower Field at Mile High (Denver Broncos)\n\nLocation: Denver, ColoradoCapacity: 76,125Year Opened: 2001\n\nThe atmosphere at Mile High Stadium, which is what pretty much everyone still calls this venue, is one of the best in the league. ", "The team has sold out every game since it opened in 2001. ", "If you like craft beer with your football, Denver’s extensive brewery scene gives Empower Field one of the league’s best beer selections. ", "The fact that you can legally smoke marijuana in Colorado gives the stadium’s famous name a whole new meaning (even though pot isn’t allowed on the stadium grounds, it seems some tailgaters still partake).", "\n\nState Farm Stadium (Arizona Cardinals)\n\nLocation: Glendale, ArizonaCapacity: 63,400Year Opened: 2006\n\nOne of America’s premier venues, State Farm Stadium, formerly University of Phoenix Stadium, has hosted everything from Super Bowls to college football championship games to a Final Four and WWE WrestleMania. ", "The most unique feature of this relatively small stadium is its one-of-a-kind grass field that can be retracted and even moved outside the stadium when it’s not needed. ", "State Farm Stadium also gets bonus points for playing host to one of the greatest Super Bowls ever played, when the New York Giants ended the undefeated season of the New England Patriots in 2012.", "\n\nMercedes-Benz Superdome (New Orleans Saints)\n\nLocation: New Orleans, LouisianaCapacity: 73,208Year Opened: 1975\n\nFew sports venues in the entire world have as much symbolic significance as the Superdome. ", "In 2005, the then-30-year-old stadium became emblematic of the New Orleans community, as it housed thousands of residents needing shelter after the destruction of Hurricane Katrina. ", "When you move beyond that, it might not be the most attractive stadium in the league as it’s been described as a “basement.” ", "But it’s been good enough to host seven Super Bowls and is renowned for having a loud, rowdy atmosphere in the stands for Saints home games.", "\n\nU.S. Bank Stadium (Minnesota Vikings)\n\nLocation: Minneapolis, MinnesotaCapacity: 66,655Year Opened: 2016\n\nDefinitely the most striking stadium in the league, Minnesota’s U.S. Bank Stadium opened in 2016 and immediately won awards for its design and certifications for its energy efficiency. ", "Parking is also apparently really cheap, with $15 spots available on the property. ", "But the best part of the entire building might be the massive Viking horn that gets blown before each home game, which one fan on Trip Advisor described as a “goosebump experience” to be present for.", "\n\nHeinz Field (Pittsburgh Steelers)\n\nLocation: Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaCapacity: 68,400Year Opened: 2001\n\nHeinz Field has only been around since 2001, but it somehow already feels like an NFL icon. ", "This open-air, old-school football venue gives fans a great view of Pittsburgh and the three rivers that meet right outside its walls. ", "The constant presence of Terrible Towels also make it one of the best home atmospheres in any sport. ", "Football historians will also love the stadium’s Great Hall, a concourse that includes memorabilia from the team’s great history.", "\n\nAT&T Stadium (Dallas Cowboys)\n\nLocation: Arlington, TexasCapacity: 80,000Year Opened: 2009\n\nThe many amenities at this billion-dollar stadium are already legendary. ", "The infamous jumbotron is a high-definition delight that stretches 60-yards wide. ", "There are also 3,000 TVs placed around the stadium and a serious art gallery as well. ", "Believe it or not, there may be no more cultured place to see a game than at The House Jerry Built. ", "Visitors also seem to love sharing their experiences, with nearly 12,000 people giving it an average Google score of 4.7 — more votes than any other stadium.", "\n\nHowever, tickets are expensive and parking is brutal. ", "Nabbing a spot at the stadium could run you $75, the highest baseline price in the league, according to GoBankingRates.com.", "\n\nLambeau Field (Green Bay Packers)\n\nLocation: Green Bay, WisconsinCapacity: 81,435Year Opened: 1957\n\nThere is no more hallowed football stadium in America than Green Bay’s Lambeau Field. ", "Despite opening its doors in 1957, this no-frills football paradise has the third-largest seating capacity in the NFL. ", "It doesn’t have much in the way of amenities, but the amount of history inside its walls is unbeatable — plus, it has a great beer selection. ", "Fans seem to love Lambeau, with it having a 4.8/5 average score on Google, the highest of any NFL venue.", "\n\nWhat keeps it from topping our list is that, despite Packers fans having a reputation as everymen, attending games at Lambeau Field is simply not affordable for the average person. ", "Ticket prices are outrageous, with median seats going for $301 each.", "\n\nArrowhead Stadium (Kansas City Chiefs)\n\nLocation: Kansas City, MissouriCapacity: 76,416Year Opened: 1972\n\nFor our money, the greatest stadium atmosphere in the NFL belongs to Kansas City’s vaunted Arrowhead Stadium. ", "Not only has the field name not been sold to a sponsor, but it’s also a very tough place for opponents to get wins. ", "In 2013, Arrowhead Stadium set a Guinness World Record for the loudest stadium. ", "Fall weather is also pretty nice in K.C. and, more often than not, the Chiefs put a great team on the field.", "\n\nIt’s got nearly as much history as Lambeau Field but attending a game is much more affordable, with median tickets among the league’s cheapest at $135 each. ", "Plus, you won’t have a bunch of cheese-shaped headpieces blocking your view!" ]

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[ "1. ", "Technical Field\nThe present invention relates in general to a method and system for enhancing the usability of data processing systems by visually impaired users, and more particularly to a method and system for permitting visually impaired users to utilize a graphical user interface.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nIn recent years, there has been a move among computer application software developers toward graphical user interfaces. ", "In a graphical user interface, objects, such as file cabinets, folders, documents, and printers, are displayed on the computer screen as miniature graphic representations or icons. ", "These objects are comprised of a group of pixels on the computer screen which may be selected to resemble physical object analogous to the displayed object's function in the computer environment. ", "These objects should not be confused with \"object code\" or \"objects\" as utilized in \"object-based\" or \"object-oriented\" programming languages. ", "In the graphic user interface, users may manipulate these objects in ways which are similar to the manner in which such analogous objects are manipulated in the work place. ", "Users may manipulate these objects with a mouse or other graphical pointing device to perform desired computer operations.", "\nFor example, in the work place, in order to file a document in a folder which is located within a file cabinet, a user will open the file cabinet, locate and open the correct folder, and then place the document inside. ", "Similarly, in the \"electronic work place\" of the graphical user interface, the user performs the process on a computer screen. ", "Thus, a user will open the file cabinet icon, locate the correct folder icon, and then drop the document icon in the located folder. ", "Users are thus able to transfer their knowledge of a real work place in order to perform similar operations in the computer.", "\nNormally sighted individuals find graphical user interfaces intuitive and easy to work with. ", "However, except for an occasional \"beep\" or similar tone, graphical user interfaces are virtually silent and the vast majority of the information which such interfaces provide to the user is visual. ", "For example, the appearance of the object or icon may convey information to the user about the data the object represents or how the object interacts with other objects. ", "An object representing an application may have an appearance related to the function of the application, such as, for example, a drawing application may be .represented by an object or icon that resembles a T square and a pencil. ", "Similarly, documents created by an application will be represented by an object that resembles the object that represents the parent application, thereby conveying information about the format of the document.", "\nOther objects may receive and contain objects, such as, for example, an object that resembles a file folder may be utilized to contain other objects representing applications, and documents created by such applications, as an aid to filing and organizing data within the disk drive. ", "Still other objects may perform a function within the data processing system, such as, for example, an object that resembles a trash can may be utilized to perform the function of deleting selected files from a disk drive.", "\nWhen operating a computer utilizing a graphical user interface, it may be helpful for the user to mentally classify objects into classes of objects, such as, for example, device, data, and container classes. ", "By utilizing this classification, a user, who may be looking for a particular data file, is able to search each container object for the particular data file because the user is able to distinguish container objects, which contain other objects from data objects or device objects, which do not contain other objects. ", "Thus, if a user is able to recognize and distinguish classes of objects, the user may be able to find a desired data file, or complete other similar computer operations, in a more efficient manner.", "\nSince visually impaired users are not able to visually recognize and distinguish classes of objects displayed on the computer screen, graphical user interfaces are essentially not usable by severely visually impaired people. ", "Moreover, even if a visually impaired person were able to locate objects within a graphical user interface, such a user may not be able to benefit from the large amount of information that would be communicated graphically if the user was sighted.", "\nAlthough visually impaired computer users currently benefit from many forms of adaptive technology, including speech synthesis, large-print processing, braille desk top publishing, and voice recognition, almost none of the foregoing tools have been adapted for use with a graphical user interface. ", "However, there have been a few suggestions of how to incorporate such adaptive technology for use with a graphical user interface. ", "For example, an article published in Byte Magazine suggests that programmers could write software with built-in voice labels for icons. ", "Lazzaro, Windows of Vulnerability, Byte Magazine, (June 1991), page 416. ", "In another example, various synthetic or recorded speech solutions for making computer display contents available to visually impaired persons have been suggested in Golding et al., ", "IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. ", "26, No. ", "10B, pages 5633-5636 (March 1984); and Barnett et al., ", "IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. ", "26, No. ", "10A, pages 4950-4951 (March 1984). ", "In each of these examples, a visually impaired user is not aided in locating objects on the computer display. ", "Nor do these examples suggest how a user may determine what kind of objects are available on the computer display screen.", "\nAdditionally, systems have been suggested which include a mouse with a braille transducer so that a blind mouse user may read text and obtain certain tactile position feedback from such a mouse. ", "Comerford, IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin No. ", "3, Vol. ", "28, page 1343 (August 1985); and Affinito, et al., ", "IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin No. ", "12, Vol. ", "31, page 386 (May 1989). ", "However, while such systems announce various text items, either audibly or by means of a braille transducer in the mouse, and may provide some information to a visually impaired user, such systems do not enable a user to navigate about, and locate objects on, the computer display screen. ", "Nor do such systems enable a user to determine how many disk drives, for example, are connected to the computer system.", "\nIt has also been suggested that an audible cursor positioning and pixel (picture element) status identification mechanism may be utilized to help a user of an interactive computer graphics system locate data by utilizing aural feedback to enhance visual feedback. ", "As the cursor in such a system is stepped across the screen, an audible click is generated which varies in tone, corresponding in tone to the current status of each pixel encountered. ", "With this combination of audible and visual cursor feedback, it becomes a more simple task to identify a desired line by noting the change in tone as the cursor moves. ", "For color display applications, each color is represented by a distinct tone so that any single pixel may be distinguished from surrounding pixels of a different color. ", "It has been suggested that this system is especially helpful for visually impaired or learning disabled users. ", "Drumm et al., ", "IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin No. ", "48, Vol. ", "27, page 25-28 (September 1984). ", "However, the foregoing disclosure does not suggest a means of enabling a visually impaired user to navigate about, or locate objects within, a graphical user interface on a computer display screen, nor does it suggest a means of enabling such a user to distinguish objects among multiple classes of objects.", "\nRecently, in a patent application entitled \"Method and System for Enabling a Blind Computer User to Handle Message Boxes in a Graphical User Interface,\" U.S. patent application Ser. ", "No. ", "07/746,838, filed Aug. 19, 1991, a system has been proposed which permits a visually impaired user to interact with a so-called \"message box\" within a graphical user interface. ", "As those skilled in the art will appreciate, each message box consists of an icon, explanatory text, and one or more \"push buttons.\" ", "The icon allows the user to identify visually the type of message. ", "The text typically explains the situation and may provide assistance. ", "The textual content may be a question or a statement. ", "Push buttons provided within a message box typically allow the user to interact with the message box.", "\nThis proposed system permits visually impaired users to accommodate a message box by announcing the textual contents of such a box when the message box first appears. ", "Thereafter, the push buttons available to respond to the message box are also announced in order from left to right. ", "A homing signal is then provided for finding the message box which increases in pitch as the mouse pointer approaches the message box. ", "When the pointer enters the message box, the message box text and available push buttons are reannounced and the pointer is automatically moved to a default push button. ", "By utilizing this system, a visually impaired user may locate a message box within a computer display system; however, this system fails to provide any suggestion of a manner in which a visually impaired user may selectively locate and distinguish graphical user interface objects that belong to one class from those objects belonging to another class within a graphical user interface.", "\nAnother method and system, which have also been recently proposed in a patent application entitled \"Audio User Interface with Stereo and Filtered Sound Effects,\" U.S. patent application Ser. ", "No. ", "07/746,840, filed Aug. 19, 1991, permits a visually impaired user to locate a mouse pointer or other graphical pointing device within the client area of a window within a graphical user interface by providing a stereo sound system and varying the intensity of the left and right audio channels to indicate a position of the mouse pointer. ", "This system also proposes an increase in pitch of an associated sound to indicate the position of the pointer in the top or bottom of the client area of a window. ", "While this system permits a visually impaired user to manipulate a mouse pointer within a graphical user interface, it fails to show or suggest any technique whereby a particular one of a group of displayed graphical objects may be selected by such a user, or whereby a user may distinguish objects of one class form those of another.", "\nYet another method and system have been recently proposed in a patent application entitled \"Method and System for Enabling Blind or Visually Impaired Computer Users to Graphically Select Displayed Elements,\" U.S. patent application Ser. ", "No. ", "07/802,956, filed Dec. 5, 1991, wherein graphic elements within a computer display may be located by a visually impaired user by associating a selected radius defining an area of interest surrounding the vertex of a pointer, controlled by a mouse or other graphical pointing device, and thereafter generating composite audible signals which include identifiable audible signals associated with each graphic element within the computer display. ", "By generating a composite signal, or by cyclicly generating a composite signal, having elements of each identifiable audible signal associated with a graphic object having picture elements within a rotatable sector of the area of interest, a visually impaired user may rapidly and efficiently locate selected objects within the computer display. ", "While this method and system permits a visually impaired user to locate graphical user interface objects within a computer display, it fails to show or suggest any technique whereby a user may distinguish objects of one class from those of another." ]

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[ "Morgan Fairchild Net Worth is $10 Million. ", "Morgan Fairchild is an American actress who has a net worth of $10 million. ", "Morgan Fairchild has earned her net worth as a prominent actress in the 1970's and 1980's. ", "Morgan was born on February 3, 1950 in D. Morgan Fairchild (born Patsy...\n\nMorgan Fairchild Net Worth is $10 Million.", "\n\nMorgan Fairchild Net Worth is $10 Million. ", "Morgan Fairchild is an American actress who has a net worth of $10 million. ", "Morgan Fairchild has earned her net worth as a prominent actress in the 1970's and 1980's. ", "Morgan was born on February 3, 1950 in D Morgan Fairchild is an American actress. ", "She achieved prominence during the late 1970s and early 1980s with continuing roles in several television series, in which she usually conveyed a glamorous image. ", "Fairchild has also performed in live theater and played guest roles in television comedies. ", "She is a board member of the Screen Actors Guild.", "Born Patsy Ann McClenny in Dallas, Texas, the daughter of Martha Jane , a high school English teacher who taught at Richardson High School , and Edward Milton McClenny. ", "Fairchild has a younger sister, Cathryn Hartt, who is also an actress. ", "As a child, she suffered a bout of scarlet fever, which left her partially deaf.", "Fairchild's first acting job was as a double for Faye Dunaway during location filming for the film Bonnie and Clyde . ", "She took her new first name, Morgan, from the 1966 David Warner film Morgan: A Suitable Case for Treatment. ", "Fairchild then mov...\n\nMorgan Fairchild Latest News\n\nFunny thing about historical snapshots — you never know if they’ll simply vanish with time or resurface with a new meaning. ", "You could say Morgan Fairchild is making her Kansas City-area debut in the New Theatre Restaurant production of “Murder Among ...\n\nI barely recalled these films before rewatching them this past week. ", "Of The Seduction, I only remembered Morgan Fairchild’s gravity-defying, impossibly pink nipples, and I vividly recalled the shot in which her boyfriend (Michael Sarrazin) is stabbed in ...\n\nShe shows it to Paul’s mom, played by Morgan Fairchild, in front of the entire horrified congregation. ", "Gwyneth read a book? ", "What a Godless f*cking loser! ", "It’s one of the all-time great record scratch moments, but it also raises the question ...\n\n\"They're not paying me to play a charwoman. ", "They're paying me to show up looking glam and, damn it, I'm gonna show up looking glam!\" ", "-Morgan Fairchild Morgan Fairchild was considered one of the sexiest women on television back in the glitzy and garish '80s ..." ]

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[ "Assessment of purging with multidrug resistance (MDR) modulators and VP-16: results of long-term marrow culture.", "\nWe studied the effects of two modulators of multidrug resistance (MDR), cyclosporine and verapamil, on the cytotoxicity of etoposide (VP-16) in normal bone marrow cells. ", "VP-16 was toxic to normal bone marrow at concentrations greater than 50 microM, resulting in no granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) in short-term methylcellulose cultures. ", "However, in long-term marrow cultures (LTMC) treatment with VP-16 without the addition of MDR modulators resulted in only a twofold decrease in total cell number at a VP-16 concentration of 50 microM, compared to media alone in the adherent cell layer, and approximately 20% recovery of CFU-GM. ", "The addition of MDR modulators did not result in excessive cytotoxicity, reducing the total CFU-GM by two- to threefold even at the higher VP-16 concentration. ", "Therefore, these modulators in conjunction with VP-16 can be safely used on normal bone marrow cells and may provide an effective method to purge MDR-tumor cells." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "<?", "php\n\nnamespace Pantheon\\Terminus\\UnitTests\\Commands\\Org\\Upstream;\n\nuse Consolidation\\OutputFormatters\\StructuredData\\RowsOfFields;\nuse Pantheon\\Terminus\\Collections\\OrganizationUpstreams;\nuse Pantheon\\Terminus\\Collections\\UserOrganizationMemberships;\nuse Pantheon\\Terminus\\Commands\\Org\\Upstream\\ListCommand;\nuse Pantheon\\Terminus\\Models\\Organization;\nuse Pantheon\\Terminus\\Models\\Upstream;\nuse Pantheon\\Terminus\\Models\\UserOrganizationMembership;\nuse Pantheon\\Terminus\\UnitTests\\Commands\\Upstream\\UpstreamCommandTest;\n\n/**\n * Class ListCommandTest\n * Testing class for Pantheon\\Terminus\\Commands\\Org\\Upstream\\ListCommand\n * @package Pantheon\\Terminus\\UnitTests\\Commands\\Org\\Upstream\n */\nclass ListCommandTest extends UpstreamCommandTest\n{\n /**\n * @inheritdoc\n */\n public function setUp()\n {\n parent::setUp();\n\n $this->command = new ListCommand();\n $this->command->setSession($this->session);\n }\n\n /**\n * Tests the upstream:list command when filtering by organization\n */\n public function testListOrgUpstreams()\n {\n $filtered = array_values($this->data);\n $expected = [\n $this->data['upstream_id2'],\n $this->data['upstream_id'],\n $this->data['upstream_id4'],\n $this->data['upstream_id3'],\n ];\n $user_org_memberships = $this->getMockBuilder(UserOrganizationMemberships::class)\n ->disableOriginalConstructor()\n ->getMock();\n $user_org_membership = $this->getMockBuilder(UserOrganizationMembership::class)\n ->disableOriginalConstructor()\n ->getMock();\n $org = $this->getMockBuilder(Organization::class)\n ->disableOriginalConstructor()\n ->getMock();\n $org->id = 'orgID';\n $upstreams = $this->getMockBuilder(OrganizationUpstreams::class)\n ->disableOriginalConstructor()\n ->getMock();\n\n $upstreams->method('getCollectedClass')->willReturn(Upstream::class);\n $this->user->expects($this->once())\n ->method('getOrganizationMemberships')\n ->with()\n ->willReturn($user_org_memberships);\n $user_org_memberships->expects($this->once())\n ->method('get')\n ->with($org->id)\n ->willReturn($user_org_membership);\n $user_org_membership->expects($this->once())\n ->method('getOrganization')\n ->with()\n ->willReturn($org);\n $org->expects($this->once())\n ->method('getUpstreams')\n ->with()\n ->willReturn($upstreams);\n $upstreams->expects($this->once())\n ->method('serialize')\n ->with()\n ->willReturn($filtered);\n\n $out = $this->command->listOrgUpstreams($org->id, ['all' => true,]);\n $this->assertInstanceOf(RowsOfFields::class, $out);\n $this->assertEquals($expected, $out->getArrayCopy());\n }\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "This beautiful 1911 has 180 rounds downrange with NO problems ever. ", "It's in LNIB condition and is perfect condition. ", "All paperwork is included with this beauty. ", "Please email only at gsribble@sbcglobal.net USPS Money Orders Only Asking $795 + shipping:\n\n\"To my mind it is wholly irresponsible to go into the world incapable of preventing violence, injury, crime, and death. ", "How feeble is the mindset to accept defenselessness. ", "How unnatural. ", "How cheap. ", "How cowardly. ", "How pathetic.\" ", "--Ted Nugent\n\n\"To my mind it is wholly irresponsible to go into the world incapable of preventing violence, injury, crime, and death. ", "How feeble is the mindset to accept defenselessness. ", "How unnatural. ", "How cheap. ", "How cowardly. ", "How pathetic.\" ", "--Ted Nugent" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow can you detect which edition of Azure AD is in use via C#?", "\n\nI need to determine if the edition of AzureAD in use is Premium or not.", "\nHow do I determine that in C#?", "\n\nA:\n\nYou can make use of Microsoft Graph APIs, either through Microsoft Graph .NET Client Library or through direct HTTP calls. ", "The relevant API is:\n\nList SubscribedSkus\nGET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/subscribedSkus\n\nWith Microsoft Graph .NET Client Library and your code could look something like\ngraphServiceClient.", "SubscribedSkus\n\nAlso, note that for information about edition of Azure AD you could have a mix of services enabled in the same Azure AD and licenses are purchased/assigned on a per user basis. ", "\nSubscribedSkus API mentioned above is pretty detailed and it gives you information about enabled capabilities as well as number of licenses available, consumed etc.", "\nHere's a similar thread on MSDN forums, you should also look at, it only talks about portal but still concept is relevant: How to check Azure AD edition.", "\nHere is an example that will print all active subscribed SKUs that include an Azure AD Premium service plan:\n// There are various Azure AD versions and editions. ", "Here we're only counting\n// Azure AD Premium Plan 1 and Azure AD Premium Plan 2. ", "\nvar azureAdPlans = new[] { \"AAD_PREMIUM\", \"AAD_PREMIUM_P2\" };\n\n// Get all subscribed SKUs\nvar subscribedSkus = graphClient\n .SubscribedSkus\n .Request().GetAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult();\n\n// Filter down the results to only active subscribed SKUs with Azure AD service plans.", "\nvar skusWithAzureAd = subscribedSkus\n .Where(sku => (sku.", "CapabilityStatus == \"Enabled\" || sku.", "CapabilityStatus == \"Warning\")\n && (sku.", "ServicePlans.", "Any(p => azureAdPlans.", "Contains(p.", "ServicePlanName))));\n\n// Print out the results\nforeach (var sku in skusWithAzureAd)\n{\n Console.", "WriteLine(\n \"{0} ({1}/{2} seats used)\", \n sku.", "SkuPartNumber, \n sku.", "ConsumedUnits, \n sku.", "PrepaidUnits.", "Enabled + sku.", "PrepaidUnits.", "Warning);\n}\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "\n791 N.E.2d 833 (2003)\nLawrence COWHERD, Appellant-Petitioner,\nv.\nSTATE of Indiana, Appellee-Respondent.", "\nNo. ", "49A02-0212-PC-1059.", "\nCourt of Appeals of Indiana.", "\nJuly 17, 2003.", "\n*834 Susan K. Carpenter, Public Defender of Indiana, C. Brent Martin, Deputy Public Defender, Indianapolis, IN, Attorneys for Appellant.", "\nSteve Carter, Attorney General of Indiana, Cynthia L. Ploughe, Deputy Attorney General, Indianapolis, IN, Attorneys for Appellee.", "\n\nOPINION\nSHARPNACK, Judge.", "\nLawrence Cowherd appeals the post-conviction court's denial of his petition for post-conviction relief. ", "Cowherd raises two issues, which we restate as:\nI. Whether the trial court committed fundamental error when it instructed the jury regarding accomplice liability for attempted murder; and\nII. ", "Whether Cowherd received effective assistance of trial counsel.", "\nWe affirm.", "\nThe relevant facts, as set forth in our memorandum opinion in Cowherd's direct appeal, follow. ", "See Cowherd v. State, No. ", "49A05-9612-CR-523, 696 N.E.2d 894 (Ind. Ct.", "App. ", "May 12, 1998), trans. ", "denied.", "\nCowherd began dating Katina Maffett in January of 1995. ", "In February of 1995, Cowherd hit Maffett with a hairbrush. ", "In June of 1995, Cowherd hit Maffett in the nose so hard that she became unconscious. ", "Maffett moved into an apartment with Cowherd in July of 1995. ", "In or about July of 1995, Cowherd hit Maffett in the face with his fist, and in October of 1995 Cowherd cut off Maffett's braided hair with a box-cutter. ", "Maffett broke up with Cowherd at the end of October of 1995.", "\nOn November 7, 1995, Cowherd went to Maffett's house. ", "They argued and Cowherd told Maffett that the two of them \"were going to die together.\" ", "Maffett's mother, Nina Howard, drove by and saw Maffett and Cowherd fighting on the sidewalk. ", "Maffett got into Howard's car. ", "Cowherd also entered the car, saying that he just wanted to talk with Maffett. ", "Howard eventually persuaded Cowherd to leave the car, but he stood in front of the car and then climbed up on the hood of the car to prevent her from driving away. ", "Cowherd finally let the car pass.", "\nLater that day, Maffett went to her job at the Shell Station at 46th and Shadeland where she worked the 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. shift as a cashier. ", "During her shift, the sale floor was locked, requiring customers to make payments at the cashier's window and to pass payments through a sliding drawer. ", "J'Cetta Davis, Jason Jackson, and Tyrone Boykin were all inside the station with Maffett. ", "Cowherd called Maffett repeatedly at work that night, but Maffett repeatedly hung up on him.", "\nCowherd came to the Shell Station three times, the last time returning shortly after midnight with Carlester *835 Tapp and Brunis Beecher. ", "Cowherd looked at Maffett through the window. ", "When J'Cetta Davis reached for the telephone Cowherd said, \"Bitch, you wanna call the police.\" ", "Cowherd moved his right hand toward his pants, and immediately after that there was gunfire. ", "Eight shots were fired into the station. ", "Police officers pursued Cowherd, who fled the officers until his car hit a tree. ", "Cowherd ran from the car after it crashed, and was apprehended by a police officer on foot. ", "The police recovered a .32 caliber Taurus-brand revolver that was thrown from the vehicle while Cowherd was driving away from the police, and they also recovered a .22 caliber automatic pistol from the floorboard of Cowherd's car. ", "Both .32 and.22 caliber bullet fragments and cartridges were recovered from the Shell station.", "\nId. at 3-4. ", "On direct appeal, we also considered the following facts:\nAll four of the witnesses in the station testified that they saw Cowherd and another man, Beecher, outside the cashier's window immediately prior to the shooting. ", "Davis testified that she attempted to call the police as Cowherd and Beecher approached the window, and when Cowherd saw her pick up the phone, he said, \"Bitch, you wanna call the police.\" ", "Immediately after that Davis and Boykin saw Cowherd move his right hand toward his pants, and thereafter they immediately heard gunshots. ", "Jackson saw Beecher fire a gun into the station after which Jackson immediately took cover. ", "Five police officers testified that after the shooting, Cowherd drove himself and Beecher from the scene, and sped away from the officers after they had turned on their pursuit lights. ", "Officer Tolliver testified that he saw Cowherd throw a gun out of the car window during the pursuit. ", "After Cowherd crashed the automobile, he attempted to escape on foot, but was apprehended by Officer Starks. ", "Officer Gorgol testified that he recovered the gun thrown from the car and another gun from inside the car, which the Indianapolis Marion County Forensic Services Agency determined were the weapons which had been used to fire the shots into the Shell station.", "\nId. at 5-6.", "\nA jury found Cowherd guilty of four counts of attempted murder as class A felonies,[1] one count of resisting law enforcement as a class A misdemeanor,[2] and one count of carrying a handgun without a license as a class A misdemeanor.[3] The trial court sentenced Cowherd to fifty years of imprisonment for each of the four attempted murder convictions, one year for the resisting law enforcement conviction, and one year for the handgun conviction. ", "The trial court ordered that two of the attempted murder sentences be served consecutive to each other, but the remaining sentences be served concurrently. ", "Consequently, the trial court sentenced Cowherd to an aggregate sentence of one hundred years.", "\nOn direct appeal, Cowherd argued, in part, that the evidence was insufficient to sustain his convictions for attempted murder.[4] We held that \"[t]here was ample *836 evidence to support the jury's inference that Cowherd fired the gun at Maffett.\" ", "Id. at 6. ", "Additionally, we held that, even if Cowherd did not fire a weapon, the jury could have found Cowherd guilty of attempted murder as an accomplice. ", "Id. Cowherd also argued that the trial court did not properly instruct the jury regarding the elements of attempted murder.[5] Specifically, Cowherd argued that the attempted murder instruction given by the trial court amounted to fundamental error because \"knowingly\" was included as an element of the offense. ", "Id. at 9. ", "We held that no fundamental error occurred because the jury was specifically informed that it needed to find \"specific intent to kill.\" ", "Id. at 10. ", "We affirmed Cowherd's convictions, and our supreme court denied transfer.", "\nOn August 1, 2001, Cowherd filed an amended petition for post-conviction relief alleging that: (1) Cowherd was erroneously sentenced in violation of Ind.Code § 35-50-1-2; (2) the trial court committed fundamental error when it instructed the jury regarding the specific intent required to convict Cowherd of attempted murder as an accomplice; and (3) Cowherd's trial counsel was ineffective for failing to raise both issues. ", "The post-conviction court granted the petition with respect to the sentencing issue and revised Cowherd's sentence to a total of fifty-five years.", "\nThe post-conviction court denied the petition with respect to the fundamental error issue and ineffective assistance of counsel issue. ", "With respect to the fundamental error issue, the post-conviction court held that Cowherd had waived the alleged jury instruction error pursuant to Sanders v. State, 765 N.E.2d 591 (Ind. 2002), by failing to raise the issue on direct appeal. ", "With respect to the ineffective assistance of counsel issue, the post-conviction court held that: (1) Cowherd's trial counsel was not deficient because \"attempted murder jurisprudence when [Cowherd] was tried did not require a special jury instruction regarding accomplice liability;\" and (2) Cowherd was not prejudiced by his trial counsel's failure to tender such an instruction because he was charged as a principal in the crime and we held on direct appeal that the evidence was sufficient to sustain his conviction as a principal. ", "Appellant's Appendix at 97.", "\nBefore discussing Cowherd's allegation of error, we note the general standard under which we review a post-conviction court's denial of a petition for post-conviction relief. ", "Post-conviction procedures do not afford petitioners an opportunity for a \"super appeal.\" ", "Matheney v. State, 688 N.E.2d 883, 890 (Ind.1997), reh'g denied, cert. ", "denied, 525 U.S. 1148, 119 S.Ct. ", "1046, 143 L.Ed.2d 53 (1999). ", "Rather, they create a narrow remedy for subsequent collateral challenges to convictions. *", "837 Id. Those collateral challenges must be based upon grounds enumerated in the post-conviction rules. ", "Id.; see also Ind. Post-Conviction Rule 1(1). ", "Petitioners bear the burden of establishing their grounds for relief by a preponderance of the evidence. ", "Matheney, 688 N.E.2d at 890; see also P-C.R. 1(5). ", "When petitioners appeal from an adverse judgment, they appeal a negative judgment. ", "Miller v. State, 702 N.E.2d 1053, 1058 (Ind.1998), reh'g denied, cert. ", "denied, 528 U.S. 1083, 120 S.Ct. ", "806, 145 L.Ed.2d 679 (2000). ", "Therefore, on appeal, a petitioner must show that the evidence, when taken as a whole, \"leads unerringly and unmistakably to a conclusion opposite to that reached by the [post-conviction] court.\" ", "Matheney, 688 N.E.2d at 890-891. ", "We will disturb the post-conviction court's decision only if the evidence is without conflict and leads to but one conclusion and the post-conviction court has reached the opposite conclusion. ", "Emerson v. State, 695 N.E.2d 912, 915 (Ind.1998), reh'g denied.", "\n\nI.\nThe first issue is whether the trial court committed fundamental error when it instructed the jury regarding accomplice liability for attempted murder. ", "Cowherd argues that fundamental error occurred when the trial court failed to instruct the jury that, to be convicted of attempted murder as an accomplice, Cowherd had to be \"acting with the specific intent that the killing occur.\" ", "See Bethel v. State, 730 N.E.2d 1242, 1246 (Ind.2000) (holding that \"to convict for the offense of aiding an attempted murder, the State must prove: (1) that the accomplice, acting with the specific intent to kill, took a substantial step toward the commission of murder, and (2) that the defendant, acting with the specific intent that the killing occur, knowingly or intentionally aided, induced, or caused the accomplice to commit the crime of attempted murder\"). ", "Specifically, Cowherd challenges Instructions 15A and 15B. Instruction 15A provided that:\nA person who knowingly or intentionally aids, induces, or causes another person to commit an offense, commits that offense and is subject to the same penalties as the person he knowingly or intentionally aided, induced or caused to commit the offense.", "\nAppellant's Appendix at 115. ", "Instruction 15B provided that:\nIn order to be held responsible for the actions of another, a person need only have knowledge that he is helping in the commission of a crime. ", "He does not have to personally participate in the crime.", "\nId. at 115.", "\nCowherd argues, and the State does not dispute, that the accomplice liability instructions were erroneous because they failed to instruct the jury that it had to find that Cowherd, \"acting with the specific intent that the killing occur, knowingly or intentionally aided, induced, or caused the accomplice to commit the crime of attempted murder.\" ", "See Hopkins v. State, 759 N.E.2d 633, 637-638 (Ind.2001) (holding, in a direct appeal, that the accomplice liability instructions that failed to instruct the jury regarding specific intent required of a defendant to establish accomplice liability for attempted murder were fundamental error). ", "However, the State argues that Cowherd waived review of his claim of fundamental error. ", "We agree.", "\nOur supreme court has held that it is \"wrong to review [a] fundamental error claim in a post-conviction proceeding.\" ", "Sanders, 765 N.E.2d at 592. ", "Rather, in \"post-conviction proceedings, complaints that something went awry at trial are generally cognizable only when they show deprivation of the right to effective counsel *838 or issues demonstrably unavailable at the time of trial or direct appeal.\" ", "Id.; see also Canaan v. State, 683 N.E.2d 227, 235-236 n. 6 (Ind.1997) (holding that the availability of the fundamental error exception as an exception to the waiver rule in post-conviction proceedings is generally limited to \"deprivation of the Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel, or... an issue demonstrably unavailable to the petitioner at the time of his [or her] trial and direct appeal\"), reh'g denied, cert. ", "denied, 524 U.S. 906, 118 S.Ct. ", "2064, 141 L.Ed.2d 141 (1998).", "\nCowherd counters that this issue was unavailable at the time of his trial and direct appeal because the law in this matter had not yet been decided. ", "To support this argument, Cowherd relies upon Bethel, which our supreme court decided in 2000. ", "See Bethel, 730 N.E.2d 1242. ", "However, in Williams v. State, 737 N.E.2d 734, 740-741 n. 16 (Ind.2000), our supreme court held that:\n\nBethel did not announce a new rule of criminal procedure but rather explained what the State was already required to prove to gain a conviction for attempted murder under a complicity theory or otherwise: `[T]he same specific intent to kill must be shown for an attempted murder as for the crime of murder.'", "\n(quoting Zickefoose v. State, 270 Ind. 618, 620, 388 N.E.2d 507, 509 (1979)); see also Williams, 737 N.E.2d at 740 (\"[A]s Bethel reinforces, the requirements of Spradlin equally apply to those on trial for attempted murder and for aiding an attempted murder.\") (", "emphasis added). ", "Thus, Bethel did not announce new law and the issue was available at the time of Cowherd's trial and direct appeal.[6]Cf. ", "Woodson v. State, 767 N.E.2d 1022, 1025 (Ind.Ct.", "App. ", "2002) (holding that the defendant's claim of fundamental error in the attempted murder accomplice liability instruction was not available at the time of his trial or direct appeal because Bethel and its progeny were yet to be decided at that time), reaffirmed on reh'g, 778 N.E.2d 475 (Ind.Ct. ", "App.2002). ", "Consequently, Cowherd has waived review of his fundamental error argument as a freestanding claim. ", "See, e.g., Sanders, 765 N.E.2d at 592. ", "Rather, we address Cowherd's claim regarding the attempted murder as an accomplice jury instructions only as the claim relates to his ineffective assistance of trial counsel argument.", "\n\n\n*839 II.", "\nThe next issue is whether Cowherd received effective assistance of trial counsel. ", "To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a petitioner must demonstrate both that his counsel's performance was deficient and that the petitioner was prejudiced by the deficient performance. ", "Ben-Yisrayl v. State, 729 N.E.2d 102, 106 (Ind.2000) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. ", "2052, 2064, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984), reh'g denied), reh'g denied, cert. ", "denied, 534 U.S. 830, 122 S.Ct. ", "73, 151 L.Ed.2d 38 (2001). ", "We presume that counsel's performance was effective. ", "Id. For a petitioner to demonstrate that his counsel's performance was deficient, he must show that the representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness. ", "Id. We give great deference to counsel's strategic decisions and review the totality of counsel's representation to determine whether the performance was inadequate. ", "Taylor v. State, 717 N.E.2d 90, 94-95 (Ind.1999).", "\nHowever, we need not determine whether counsel's performance was deficient if we can more readily determine that the petitioner did not suffer prejudice as a result of the alleged deficiencies. ", "Cooper v. State, 687 N.E.2d 350, 353-354 (Ind. 1997) (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697, 104 S.Ct. ", "at 2069). ", "For a petitioner to demonstrate that he was prejudiced by his counsel's alleged errors, the petitioner must prove that \"there is a reasonable probability that the result of the proceeding would have been different but for defense counsel's inadequate representation.\" ", "Ben-Yisrayl, 729 N.E.2d at 106. ", "Here, we need not determine whether Cowherd's trial counsel's performance was deficient because, even assuming a deficiency, Cowherd has failed to prove that there is a reasonable probability of a different outcome but for his trial counsel's performance.[7]\nCowherd argues that the outcome would have been different if the jury had been properly instructed regarding the intent necessary for an attempted murder conviction under the theory of accomplice liability. ", "Cowherd relies, in part, upon our supreme court's grant of a petition for post-conviction relief in Williams v. State, 737 N.E.2d 734 (Ind.2000). ", "There, the defendant was convicted of attempted murder as an accomplice when a passenger in his vehicle shot another driver. ", "Id. at 735. ", "A jury convicted the defendant of attempted murder. ", "Id. at 736. ", "On direct appeal, the defendant made a Spradlin claim, alleging that the trial court committed fundamental error in instructing the jury regarding the intent necessary for attempted murder. ", "Id. We affirmed the conviction, and our supreme court denied transfer. ", "Id. The defendant then filed a petition for post-conviction relief, which the post-conviction court denied. ", "Id. On appeal, this court acknowledged that it had been incorrect to deny the defendant's Spradlin claim on direct appeal, but \"it nevertheless held that [the defendant] was not entitled to relief because, as an accomplice, [the defendant's] `intent was not an issue,' ... and so the Spradlin rule was not implicated.\" ", "Id.\n*840 Our supreme court granted transfer and agreed that the denial of the defendant's Spradlin claim on direct appeal was incorrect because the attempted murder instruction misinformed the jury as to the appropriate mens rea. ", "However, our supreme court held that:\nWe do not revisit these previous rulings as to fundamental error for improperly instructing the jury on the elements of attempted murder and the Court of Appeals's application of the doctrine of res judicata to them. ", "Instead, we address Williams's continuing argument—made in both his direct and post-conviction appeals—that the jury instructions failed \"to address the legal issue of accomplice liability in an attempted murder prosecution,\" and Court of Appeals holding on this issue that \"Williams' intent was not an issue because he was convicted as an accomplice.\"", "\nId. at 738 (footnote and citation omitted). ", "The court then addressed the accomplice liability instructions for attempted murder and found those instructions also lacking the appropriate mens rea. ", "Id. at 738-739.", "\nConsequently, our supreme court held that the jury was \"misinformed in two critical respects, the combination of which unacceptably lessened the State's burden of proof.\" ", "Id. at 739. ", "First, the jury was misinformed as to the appropriate mens rea of attempted murder. ", "Id. Second, the jury \"was never instructed that it had to find that Williams, as a non-shooting accomplice, acted with the specific intent to kill the victim.\" ", "Id. (emphasis in original). ", "Thus, \"the instructions as a whole never informed the jury that either the backseat principal or [the defendant] had to possess the specific intent to kill the victim.\" ", "Id. Our supreme court held that \"the trial court committed fundamental error in not instructing the jury that it had to find that [the defendant] possessed the specific intent to kill when he knowingly or intentionally aided, induced, or caused his backseat accomplice to commit the crime of attempted murder.\" ", "Id. at 740.", "\nAlthough our supreme court concluded that Williams did not receive a fair trial due to the combination of erroneous jury instructions for attempted murder and accomplice liability for attempted murder, we find this case distinguishable for two reasons. ", "First, the jury instruction for attempted murder here was not erroneous. ", "On direct appeal, we held that although the attempted murder instruction included \"knowingly\" as an element of the offense, the instruction also told the jury that \"specific intent to kill\" was an element of attempted murder. ", "Cowherd, slip op. ", "at 9. ", "Consequently, we held that \"the jury was properly instructed that it must find specific intent to kill in order to find the defendant guilty.", "\"[8]Id. ", "at 10.", "\nMore importantly, we find Williams distinguishable because the defendant in Williams was convicted of attempted murder as an accomplice. ", "Here, the evidence *841 demonstrated that Cowherd was a principal, not an accomplice to the shootings.[9] In Cowherd's direct appeal, we noted that Cowherd told Maffett that they \"were going to die together.\" ", "Id. at 3. ", "Later that day, Cowherd repeatedly came to the gas station where Maffett was working. ", "The third time he came to the gas station, Cowherd and Beecher approached the gas station. ", "Davis reached for the telephone to call 911, and Cowherd said, \"Bitch, you wanna call the police.\" ", "Id. at 4. ", "Cowherd then moved his hand toward his pants, and the shooting began. ", "Eight shots were fired into the gas station where the four people were located. ", "The police recovered two guns, a .32 caliber weapon and a .22 caliber weapon, from Cowherd and the two other men after they fled the scene. ", "Bullet fragments and cartridges from both weapons were recovered at the scene of the shooting. ", "In the direct appeal, we held that the evidence was sufficient to sustain Cowherd's convictions for attempted murder as a principal.", "\nEven if the jury had been properly instructed regarding accomplice liability for attempted murder, there does not exist a reasonable probability that the outcome of the trial would have been different because: (1) the evidence was sufficient to convict Cowherd of attempted murder as a principal; and (2) the jury was properly instructed regarding the elements of attempted murder. ", "Consequently, Cowherd has failed to demonstrate that he was prejudiced by the allegedly deficient performance of his trial counsel. ", "The post-conviction court did not err by denying Cowherd's claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. ", "See, e.g., Robinson v. State, 775 N.E.2d 316, 319 (Ind.2002) (holding that the defendant was not denied the effective assistance of counsel where no reasonable possibility existed that the supplemental instruction affected the jury's verdict).", "\nFor the foregoing reasons, we affirm the post-conviction court's denial of Cowherd's petition for post-conviction relief.", "\nAffirmed.", "\nBARNES, J. and RILEY, J., concur.", "\nNOTES\n[1] Ind.Code §§ 35-41-5-1 (1995) & 35-42-1-1 (1995) (subsequently amended by Pub.", "L. No. ", "261-1997, § 3, and Pub.", "L. No. ", "17-2001, § 15 & 31).", "\n[2] Ind.Code § 35-44-3-3 (1995) (subsequently amended by Pub.", "L. No. ", "13-1998, §§ 1 & 2).", "\n[3] Ind.Code § 35-47-2-1 (1995).", "\n[4] Cowherd also argued that the trial court erred by admitting four prior acts of violence by Cowherd against Maffett. ", "However, we disagreed and held that the trial court did not err by admitting the prior acts of violence by Cowherd against Maffett. ", "Lastly, Cowherd argued that the trial court failed to properly instruct the jury regarding the use of circumstantial evidence. ", "We held that because the State's case did not rest solely upon circumstantial evidence, \"there was no error in not instructing the jury that the State must exclude every reasonable hypothesis of innocence.\" ", "Cowherd, slip op. ", "at 11.", "\n[5] The trial court instructed that jury that:\n\nto convict a defendant of attempted murder, under Counts I, II, III, or IV, the State must prove each of the following elements:\n1. ", "A defendant\n2. ", "knowingly or intentionally\n3. ", "with specific intent to kill\n4. ", "engaged in conduct\n5. ", "which was a substantial step toward the commission of the crime of Murder which is to knowingly or intentionally kill another human being.", "\nCowherd, slip op. ", "at 9.", "\n[6] We acknowledge that our supreme court also noted in Williams that:\n\nEarlier this year—after the Court of Appeals's decision in this case—we explained for the first time how Spradlin applies to persons \"convict[ed] for the offense of aiding an attempted murder.\"", "\n737 N.E.2d at 738 (emphasis added) (citing Bethel v. State, 730 N.E.2d 1242, 1246 (Ind. 2000)). ", "Further, in Williams, although the attempted murder was committed in 1991, pre-Bethel, our supreme court held on post-conviction relief that the trial court committed fundamental error in instructing the jury regarding the mens rea of accomplice liability for attempted murder. ", "Thus, internal inconsistencies exist within Williams as to whether this issue was available before Bethel. ", "However, even if we err by finding that this jurisprudence was available at the time of Cowherd's trial and direct appeal, the issue reappears in the context of whether Cowherd received ineffective assistance of counsel. ", "Our supreme court has held that \"[e]stablishing a claim of fundamental error requires a showing of at least as much prejudice to the defendant as a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. ", "As such, a finding that Defendant was not denied the effective assistance of counsel also establishes that the alleged error was not so prejudicial as to constitute fundamental error.\" ", "Culver v. State, 727 N.E.2d 1062, 1070 (Ind.2000), reh'g denied. ", "Thus, because we determine in Part II of this opinion that Cowherd was not denied the effective assistance of counsel, any alleged error regarding the instruction would not constitute fundamental error.", "\n[7] Although we need not address whether Cowherd's trial counsel's performance was deficient, we note an inconsistency in the State's argument on this issue. ", "When addressing the fundamental error issue, the State argues that the accomplice liability for attempted murder instruction issue was available at the time of Cowherd's trial and direct appeal. ", "Then, when discussing whether Cowherd's counsel was deficient, the State argues that \"[c]ounsel can not be deemed ineffective for failing to foresee a shift in the law that would not come until much later.\" ", "Appellee's Brief at 14. ", "We find these inconsistent positions on the issue unpersuasive.", "\n[8] Similarly, in Ramsey v. State, our supreme court held that although the trial court should not have included the word \"knowingly\" in an attempted murder instruction, no fundamental error was established because:\n\ndespite the instruction's defects, the trial court enumerated `specific intent to kill' among the elements that the State was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt. ", "Second, the trial court read the jury the charging information which contains the proper mens rea. ", "Because the correct mens rea was enumerated both as an element in the charging instrument and as an element that the State was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt, we believe that the jury instructions, taken as a whole, sufficiently informed the jury of the State's burden of proving that the Defendant specifically intended to kill the victim.", "\n723 N.E.2d 869, 872-873 (Ind.2000) (footnote omitted).", "\n[9] Cowherd also argues, without any citation to support from the record, that he \"had to have been convicted under an accomplice liability theory for some of the charges\" and argues that without clear proof of which charges intended Cowherd to be a principal and which intended him to be an accomplice, all four convictions must be vacated. ", "Appellant's Reply Brief at 5; see also Appellant's Brief at 6-7. ", "Cowherd essentially challenges our previous holding that the evidence is sufficient to sustain his convictions for attempted murder as a principal. ", "However, that determination is res judicata. ", "See Williams, 737 N.E.2d at 739 (holding that a decision on direct appeal that jury instructions were not fundamental error was res judicata).", "\n" ]

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[ "48549\nWhat are the prime factors of 559857?", "\n3, 186619\nWhat are the prime factors of 992230?", "\n2, 5, 99223\nList the prime factors of 726526.", "\n2, 47, 59, 131\nWhat are the prime factors of 120339?", "\n3, 4457\nWhat are the prime factors of 37347?", "\n3, 59, 211\nWhat are the prime factors of 713684?", "\n2, 67, 2663\nList the prime factors of 1757307.", "\n3, 17, 34457\nList the prime factors of 33955775.", "\n5, 7, 53, 523\nList the prime factors of 426098.", "\n2, 23, 59, 157\nWhat are the prime factors of 4866783?", "\n3, 31, 43, 1217\nList the prime factors of 11930903.", "\n47, 97, 2617\nWhat are the prime factors of 5047237?", "\n13, 199, 1951\nList the prime factors of 119946.", "\n2, 3, 19991\nList the prime factors of 280643.", "\n11, 31, 823\nWhat are the prime factors of 394441?", "\n131, 3011\nWhat are the prime factors of 9512943?", "\n3, 11, 41, 79, 89\nWhat are the prime factors of 1331919?", "\n3, 19, 7789\nList the prime factors of 1788595.", "\n5, 23, 103, 151\nList the prime factors of 2942533.", "\n11, 43, 6221\nWhat are the prime factors of 2129234?", "\n2, 157, 6781\nWhat are the prime factors of 4388688?", "\n2, 3, 10159\nWhat are the prime factors of 3646253?", "\n13, 41, 6841\nWhat are the prime factors of 374839?", "\n374839\nWhat are the prime factors of 506733?", "\n3, 53, 3187\nWhat are the prime factors of 302168?", "\n2, 107, 353\nList the prime factors of 318888.", "\n2, 3, 43, 103\nWhat are the prime factors of 520064?", "\n2, 17, 239\nList the prime factors of 227595.", "\n3, 5, 15173\nWhat are the prime factors of 1055779?", "\n43, 571\nList the prime factors of 342544.", "\n2, 79, 271\nWhat are the prime factors of 364445?", "\n5, 72889\nList the prime factors of 4573447.", "\n953, 4799\nList the prime factors of 110903.", "\n13, 19, 449\nWhat are the prime factors of 16304909?", "\n421, 38729\nWhat are the prime factors of 690049?", "\n71, 9719\nList the prime factors of 567987.", "\n3, 7, 17, 37, 43\nList the prime factors of 2906756.", "\n2, 726689\nWhat are the prime factors of 12990822?", "\n2, 3, 13, 17, 97, 101\nWhat are the prime factors of 123898?", "\n2, 61949\nWhat are the prime factors of 2585?", "\n5, 11, 47\nWhat are the prime factors of 1240137?", "\n3, 23, 1997\nList the prime factors of 3954103.", "\n419, 9437\nList the prime factors of 3584434.", "\n2, 7, 256031\nList the prime factors of 5652369.", "\n3, 209347\nWhat are the prime factors of 11062318?", "\n2, 5531159\nWhat are the prime factors of 587760?", "\n2, 3, 5, 31, 79\nWhat are the prime factors of 293861?", "\n293861\nList the prime factors of 259071.", "\n3, 86357\nWhat are the prime factors of 203186?", "\n2, 19, 5347\nList the prime factors of 18104905.", "\n5, 7, 13, 39791\nList the prime factors of 1428990.", "\n2, 3, 5, 19, 23, 109\nWhat are the prime factors of 14330044?", "\n2, 293, 12227\nList the prime factors of 2810141.", "\n107, 26263\nList the prime factors of 25050692.", "\n2, 59, 179, 593\nWhat are the prime factors of 1423016?", "\n2, 7, 25411\nList the prime factors of 1816491.", "\n3, 605497\nWhat are the prime factors of 41293?", "\n7, 17, 347\nList the prime factors of 1998893.", "\n13, 179, 859\nWhat are the prime factors of 7257248?", "\n2, 226789\nWhat are the prime factors of 306894?", "\n2, 3, 7, 7307\nList the prime factors of 156157.", "\n156157\nList the prime factors of 13403697.", "\n3, 241, 18539\nList the prime factors of 157212.", "\n2, 3, 11, 397\nList the prime factors of 431342.", "\n2, 23, 9377\nWhat are the prime factors of 2460063?", "\n3, 19, 43159\nList the prime factors of 28300391.", "\n7, 577559\nList the prime factors of 15761963.", "\n7, 19, 37, 3203\nList the prime factors of 1221559.", "\n1221559\nWhat are the prime factors of 4959168?", "\n2, 3, 23, 1123\nList the prime factors of 567707.", "\n7, 81101\nList the prime factors of 581239.", "\n581239\nList the prime factors of 1555154.", "\n2, 29, 26813\nWhat are the prime factors of 285172?", "\n2, 71293\nWhat are the prime factors of 213899?", "\n7, 30557\nList the prime factors of 275687.", "\n37, 7451\nList the prime factors of 41143.", "\n41143\nWhat are the prime factors of 3988789?", "\n7, 79, 7213\nWhat are the prime factors of 787679?", "\n31, 25409\nList the prime factors of 121456.", "\n2, 7591\nWhat are the prime factors of 2464099?", "\n11, 17, 13177\nList the prime factors of 12307042.", "\n2, 11, 587, 953\nWhat are the prime factors of 1552369?", "\n7, 13, 2437\nList the prime factors of 29287484.", "\n2, 397, 18443\nWhat are the prime factors of 190125?", "\n3, 5, 13\nWhat are the prime factors of 1040166?", "\n2, 3, 57787\nList the prime factors of 8414528.", "\n2, 131477\nWhat are the prime factors of 1811269?", "\n461, 3929\nList the prime factors of 21757.", "\n21757\nWhat are the prime factors of 1324815?", "\n3, 5, 88321\nList the prime factors of 546090.", "\n2, 3, 5, 109, 167\nList the prime factors of 127999.", "\n31, 4129\nList the prime factors of 258654.", "\n2, 3, 11, 3919\nWhat are the prime factors of 5998111?", "\n7, 179, 4787\nList the prime factors of 1102989.", "\n3, 367663\nList the prime factors of 373356.", "\n2, 3, 3457\nList the prime factors of 286900.", "\n2, 5, 19, 151\nWhat are the prime factors of 7548533?", "\n7548533\nList the prime factors of 4562607.", "\n3, 7, 167, 1301\nList the prime factors of 30737992.", "\n2, 67, 57347\nWhat are the prime factors of 5595136?", "\n2, 683\nWhat are the prime factors of 7243842?", "\n2, 3, 1207307\nWhat are the prime factors of 5139676?", "\n2, 31, 181, 229\nList the prime factors of 1493335.", "\n5, 298667\nWhat are the prime factors of 8202542?", "\n2, 41, 67, 1493\nList the prime factors of 4658526.", "\n2, 3, 86269\nList the prime factors of 925541.", "\n313, 2957\nList the prime factors of 23674.", "\n2, 7, 19, 89\nWhat are the prime factors of 386777?", "\n386777\nWhat are the prime factors of 405922?", "\n2, 11, 18451\nWhat are the prime factors of 3845876?", "\n2, 17, 23, 2459\nList the prime factors of 133985.", "\n5, 127, 211\nWhat are the prime factors of 6603642?", "\n2, 3, 366869\nList the prime factors of 382564.", "\n2, 7, 13, 1051\nList the prime factors of 276367.", "\n7, 13, 3037\nList the prime factors of 4088244.", "\n2, 3, 340687\nList the prime factors of 14170480.", "\n2, 5, 177131\nWhat are the prime factors of 1379096?", "\n2, 19, 43, 211\nWhat are the prime factors of 382490?", "\n2, 5, 23, 1663\nWhat are the prime factors of 4192011?", "\n3, 439, 1061\nList the prime factors of 5198368.", "\n2, 7, 23, 1009\nList the prime factors of 190108.", "\n2, 47527\nWhat are the prime factors of 3312541?", "\n127, 26083\nList the prime factors of 4232677.", "\n17, 248981\nList the prime factors of 185068.", "\n2, 13, 3559\nList the prime factors of 1290361.", "\n239, 5399\nList the prime factors of 24554683.", "\n179, 137177\nList the prime factors of 161470.", "\n2, 5, 67, 241\nWhat are the prime factors of 144189?", "\n3, 37, 433\nList the prime factors of 5264029.", "\n5264029\nList the prime factors of 5669179.", "\n2113, 2683\nList the prime factors of 45770.", "\n2, 5, 23, 199\nList the prime factors of 3132968.", "\n2, 23, 17027\nList the prime factors of 1978283.", "\n947, 2089\nWhat are the prime factors of 3120416?", "\n2, 13, 577\nList the prime factors of 1173847.", "\n569, 2063\nWhat are the prime factors of 89443?", "\n89443\nList the prime factors of 10723073.", "\n17, 59, 10691\nList the prime factors of 540807.", "\n3, 71, 2539\nList the prime factors of 2266414.", "\n2, 277, 4091\nWhat are the prime factors of 211783?", "\n11, 13, 1481\nWhat are the prime factors of 27061?", "\n27061\nWhat are the prime factors of 603451?", "\n23, 26237\nWhat are the prime factors of 135909?", "\n3, 15101\nList the prime factors of 21290676.", "\n2, 3, 11, 31, 43\nWhat are the prime factors of 1342136?", "\n2, 127, 1321\nList the prime factors of 196364.", "\n2, 7, 7013\nList the prime factors of 4245403.", "\n751, 5653\nWhat are the prime factors of 8543373?", "\n3, 23, 123817\nWhat are the prime factors of 140781?", "\n3, 167, 281\nList the prime factors of 4786146.", "\n2, 3, 17, 15641\nWhat are the prime factors of 79743?", "\n3, 19, 1399\nWhat are the prime factors of 20748734?", "\n2, 31, 379, 883\nList the prime factors of 64722.", "\n2, 3, 7, 23, 67\nList the prime factors of 190904.", "\n2, 7, 487\nList the prime factors of 487993.", "\n11, 37, 109\nList the prime factors of 2409724.", "\n2, 602431\nList the prime factors of 246783.", "\n3, 82261\nWhat are the prime factors of 7061419?", "\n7061419\nList the prime factors of 541191.", "\n3, 7, 25771\nList the prime factors of 208944.", "\n2, 3, 1451\nList the prime factors of 77678.", "\n2, 38839\nList the prime factors of 1120429.", "\n1120429\nList the prime factors of 283120.", "\n2, 5, 3539\nWhat are the prime factors of 2144364?", "\n2, 3, 178697\nWhat are the prime factors of 162968?", "\n2, 13, 1567\nList the prime factors of 93205.", "\n5, 7, 2663\nWhat are the prime factors of 1176050?", "\n2, 5, 43, 547\nList the prime factors of 3921890.", "\n2, 5, 7, 179, 313\nWhat are the prime factors of 902903?", "\n902903\nList the prime factors of 2" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "2005–06 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup\n\nThe 40th World Cup season began in October 2005 and concluded at the World Cup finals in Åre, Sweden, in March 2006. ", " The schedule included a nearly month-long break in February for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Torino, Italy.", "\n\nBenjamin Raich of Austria won his first overall title after finishing third in 2004 and second in 2005. ", " He added his second consecutive giant slalom discipline globe, and Michael Walchhofer also repeated as downhill champion. ", " Aksel Lund Svindal and Giorgio Rocca were each first-time winners in super G and slalom respectively. ", " Svindal edged Hermann Maier by only 2 points, denying the \"Herminator\" a sixth super G crown.", "\n\nOn the women's side, Janica Kostelić of Croatia won her third overall and slalom World Cup titles. ", " She won 9 races to become only the third skier ever to win races in all 5 disciplines in a single season (joining Marc Girardelli and Petra Kronberger). ", " Kostelić amassed 1970 World Cup points, a new women's record and second only to Hermann Maier's 2000 points in 2000. ", " Although Anja Pärson failed to win her third straight overall crown, she won 8 races while capturing her third giant slalom globe, and her 1662 points would have been enough to win the overall in any of the previous 6 seasons. ", " In her final season on the World Cup tour, Michaela Dorfmeister secured her second downhill and super G titles.", "\n\nCalendar\n\nMen\n\nLadies\n\nNations team event\n\nMen\n\nOverall\n\nDownhill \n\nsee complete table\n\nIn Men's Downhill World Cup 2005/06 all results count.", "\n\nSuper-G \n\nsee complete table\n\nIn Men's Super G World Cup 2005/06 all results count.", "\n\nGiant slalom \n\nsee complete table\n\nIn Men's Giant Slalom World Cup 2005/06 all results count.", "\n\nSlalom \n\nsee complete table\n\nSuper combined \n\nsee complete table\n\nStandings\n\nOverall\n\nDownhill\n\nSuper-G\n\nGiant slalom\n\nSlalom\n\nSuper combined\n\nNations Cup\n\nOverall \n\nSee also:\nAlpine skiing at the 2006 Winter Olympics\n\nFootnotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nFIS-ski.com - World Cup standings - 2006\n\n2005–06\nWorld Cup\nWorld Cup" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Brilliant\n\nAbout the book\n\nBrilliant is a collection of short stories set in Abu Dhabi, capital of the United Arab Emirates, a polyglot city where cultures collide and converge, where money — and sometimes justice — is no object, where in less than two generations towers have replaced tents. ", "In these stories, a cast of characters — an Egyptian pastry chef, a Filipina nanny, a Canadian nurse, a lusty French urban planner, a newly destitute British couple, and a cross-dressing Emirati — navigate this land of sudden plenty, discovering the limits of freedom, money, tolerance and their own good sense.", "\n\nAbout the author\n\nDenise Roig is the author of two critically received collections of short stories: A Quiet Night and a Perfect End (Nuage Editions), and Any Day Now (Signature Editions), and the memoir Butter Cream: A Year in a Montreal Pastry School (Signature Editions). ", "Denise’s first collection was translated in 2000 as Le Vrai Secret du bonheur (Éditions de la Pleine Lune) and her fiction has been heard on CBC’s Between the Covers. ", "As a journalist, Denise’s work has appeared in The Gazette (Montreal) and The National (Abu Dhabi). ", "Denise is the co-editor, with her husband Raymond Beauchemin, of two anthologies of Quebec English literature: Future Tense and The Urban Wanderers Reader.", "\n\nBorn in New York, raised in Los Angeles, and a longtime resident of Montreal, Denise moved to Abu Dhabi, capital of the United Arab Emirates, in 2008. ", "She now lives in Hamilton, Ontario.", "\n\nExcerpt\n\nfrom Rice Dreams\n\nThat first day – no pay – Bashir had paired him up with Little Ali, Big Ali’s nephew from Aleppo. ", "At the end of an hour Bashir could see that Karim was faster and smarter than Little Ali, who ducked out every half hour for a smoke and to text his “cousin” back home. (", "Bashir suspected it was really a girlfriend.) ", "There was no getting rid of him because of Big Ali, but Bashir had pushed to take on Karim. ", "They needed another body in the kitchen, what with Sheikh Mohammed and his mahmoul and National Day coming and Little Ali doing less and less. ", "No pay for the first two weeks, but room – even if this was sometimes a bag of flour – and board: a share of the food Annabelle cooked for them every noon.", "\n\nThe bosses still sometimes questioned the rightness of a woman in the kitchen. ", "But then Big Ali would invite them down from the offices upstairs for a plate or send lunch up in a nice takeaway container. ", "And that would be it for complaints until the next time someone would get a bee in his ghutra about “a girl down there” and remind them they were getting away with something not quite halal. ", "Annabelle’s lunch specials silenced them.", "\n\n“Annabelle? ", "She come in today?” ", "From his second day, Karim had asked this every morning.", "\n\n“Of course, she comes in. ", "How many times do I have to tell you?” ", "Bashir said. ", "He was too tired for stupid questions. ", "God love Sheikh Mohammed, masha’allah, but it was late and he’d been standing all day, all night, with only an hour on the flour bag. “", "Get me the scale. ", "Go!”", "\n\nEven after three years, Bashir knew only a little about Annabelle, and nothing about how she’d landed the unlikely job of cooking Filipino food every day for a bunch of Arab pastry guys. ", "Annabelle was tiny with a long braid and a smile even Big Ali couldn’t fight. ", "She wore one outfit at all times: a pink T-shirt with rhinestones spelling “Crown Jewels” and tight jeans. ", "It took a year for Big Ali to convince her she had to wear a chef’s jacket and one of the white, elasticized caps if she wanted to work in the kitchen.", "\n\n“You want me to look like a dork, Big Al?” ", "Annabelle talked like an American teenager who spent her days reading fan magazines. ", "How old she was, no one knew or dared ask, though it was discussed endlessly among the guys. ", "Big Ali thought she must be around 30; Bashir put her closer to 40. ", "Karim, when they asked him – a rite of initiation on his first day – said, “Oh, no, Miss Annabelle is young! ", "She is … 22!”", "\n\nBy now they knew what she made every day of the week: Sundays, tofu and black beans; Mondays, chicken pie; Tuesdays, mechado; Wednesday, chop suey; Thursdays, pansit Canton with shrimp; and Saturdays, “surprise meal,” as Annabelle called everyone’s favourite: a stew with small, perfect squares of supremely tender meat in a smoky barbecue sauce. ", "Lamb, some thought. ", "Veal, Little Ali once volunteered and everyone had laughed. ", "Veal? ", "Their tight bosses would spring for veal? ", "Big Ali knew it was beef. “", "I see the packages!” ", "he insisted. ", "But Annabelle would never confirm what the meat was. “", "That’s why it’s called surprise,” she said with her blazing smile, though every now and then she’d say it was pork and watch their faces. “", "Such good Muslim boys,” she’d sigh. “", "I’d never do that to you.”", "\n\nReviews\n\n“With its stunning cover, contrasting the architectural details of the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque with the elemental sand which is its underpinning, Denise Roig’s collection of interconnected stories opens a vibrantly exotic and alien world to English-speaking readers. ", "Illustrating the…” >>\n\n— Mary Whipple Seeing the World Through Books\n\n“Speaking on the phone from her home in Hamilton, Denise Roig sounds every inch the homesick former Montrealer.", "\n\n“If you’ve lived for 20 years in Montreal, southern Ontario is as foreign a country as Abu Dhabi is,”…” >>\n\n— Ian McGillis Montreal Gazette\n\n“An Egyptian pastry chef. ", "A Canadian nanny. ", "A philandering Frenchman. ", "A Filipina maid. ", "This multifarious cast of characters nearly climbs off the page in Denise Roig’s new volume of short stories, Brilliant. ", "Set entirely in Abu Dhabi, capital of the…” >>\n\n— Rebecca Galloway Rover\n\n“Denise Roig’s new collection of short fiction Brilliant is set in Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). ", "Drawing on her experiences as a reporter for Abu Dhabi’s English-language newspaper The National, Roig portrays a city which…” >>\n\n— Jeff Miller Cult MTL\n\n“In Brilliant, the dazzling promise of wealth and opportunity quickly fades in the Abu Dhabi heat. ", "Denise Roig’s newest collection of short stories is set in the capital of the United Arab Emirates, where she worked as a journalist from…” >>\n\n— Dan Twerdochlib The Winnipeg Review\n\n“Denise Roig's latest collection of stories, Brilliant, reveals the dark side of life in the United Arab Emirates. ", "But it also reflects the omnipresent sunlight, the expanse of the turquoise gulf, the glistening skyscrapers, the newness of the entire place…” >>\n\n— Shelley Pomerance Montréal Centre-Ville\n\n“Denise Roig is the author of a number of books, including “A Quiet Night & A Perfect End” (a collection of short stories). ", "She moved to Abu Dhabi in 2008 but now lives in Hamilton, Ontario.", "\n\n“Brilliant is an apt title for Denise Roig’s third collection of short stories in which the word itself becomes a refrain like a dropped jewel appearing randomly in a variety of contexts. ", "The word describes Abu Dhabi, that shining city…” >>\n\n— Judy LeBlanc The Malahat Review\n\nFORMAT\n\nPAPERBACK\n\n$19.95\n\n250 pages\n\nISBN 978-1927426-42-5\n\nOrder directly from Signature Editions or from these retailers:\n\nEBOOK\n\n$9.99\n\n250 pages\n\nEpub ISBN: 978-1-927426-43-2\nMobi ISBN: 978-1-927426-44-9\n\nDownload from Signature Editions and add to your eReading device or buy from these retailers:" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Top Designer Handbags – Know Your Choices\n\nWho is the top designer in the world of handbags and accessories? ", "There are several names in the world of fashion which might confuse and overwhelm anyone. ", "When looking for the top designer handbags here are some tips on how to shortlist your choices.", "\n\nLatest Brands And Trends\n\nMany fashion designers are everlasting names in the world of handbag fashion while some are fresh and new in the same world. ", "Both these names make a splash every time a new fashion collection is launched. ", "Hence, you can take a look at the latest styles and hot picks on fashion magazines to make a choice.", "\n\nInvest In Classic Brands\n\nIf you are tired of the ever changing world of fashion and prefer to stick to classic names and styles, it would be wise to look at names like Louis Vuitton or Hermes, Chanel or Christian Dior, to name a few. ", "If you do a little research you will find that some handbag brands offer handbags which are like heirlooms and treasures for generations. ", "You can then take your choice among these brands and their collections and be sure that your bag will never go out of style." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "/**\n * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one\n * or more contributor license agreements. ", " See the NOTICE file\n * distributed with this work for additional information\n * regarding copyright ownership. ", " The ASF licenses this file\n * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the\n * \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance\n * with the License. ", " You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.", "\n */\n\npackage org.apache.hadoop.mapred;\n\nimport java.io.", "DataInput;\nimport java.io.", "IOException;\n\nimport org.apache.hadoop.classification.", "InterfaceAudience;\nimport org.apache.hadoop.classification.", "InterfaceStability;\nimport org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.", "TaskType;\n\n/**\n * TaskAttemptID represents the immutable and unique identifier for \n * a task attempt. ", "Each task attempt is one particular instance of a Map or\n * Reduce Task identified by its TaskID. ", "\n * \n * TaskAttemptID consists of 2 parts. ", "First part is the \n * {@link TaskID}, that this TaskAttemptID belongs to.", "\n * Second part is the task attempt number. ", "<br> \n * An example TaskAttemptID is : \n * <code>attempt_200707121733_0003_m_000005_0</code> , which represents the\n * zeroth task attempt for the fifth map task in the third job \n * running at the jobtracker started at <code>200707121733</code>.", "\n * <p>\n * Applications should never construct or parse TaskAttemptID strings\n * , but rather use appropriate constructors or {@link #forName(String)} \n * method. ", "\n * \n * @see JobID\n * @see TaskID\n */\n@InterfaceAudience.", "Public\n@InterfaceStability.", "Stable\npublic class TaskAttemptID extends org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.", "TaskAttemptID {\n \n /**\n * Constructs a TaskAttemptID object from given {@link TaskID}. ", " \n * @param taskId TaskID that this task belongs to \n * @param id the task attempt number\n */\n public TaskAttemptID(TaskID taskId, int id) {\n super(taskId, id);\n }\n \n /**\n * Constructs a TaskId object from given parts.", "\n * @param jtIdentifier jobTracker identifier\n * @param jobId job number \n * @param isMap whether the tip is a map \n * @param taskId taskId number\n * @param id the task attempt number\n * @deprecated Use {@link #TaskAttemptID(String, int, TaskType, int, int)}.", "\n */\n @Deprecated\n public TaskAttemptID(String jtIdentifier, int jobId, boolean isMap, \n int taskId, int id) {\n this(jtIdentifier, jobId, isMap ? ", "TaskType.", "MAP : TaskType.", "REDUCE, taskId,\n\tid);\n }\n \n /**\n * Constructs a TaskId object from given parts.", "\n * @param jtIdentifier jobTracker identifier\n * @param jobId job number \n * @param type the TaskType \n * @param taskId taskId number\n * @param id the task attempt number\n */\n public TaskAttemptID(String jtIdentifier, int jobId, TaskType type, \n int taskId, int id) {\n this(new TaskID(jtIdentifier, jobId, type, taskId), id);\n }\n \n public TaskAttemptID() { \n super(new TaskID(), 0);\n }\n\n /**\n * Downgrade a new TaskAttemptID to an old one\n * @param old the new id\n * @return either old or a new TaskAttemptID constructed to match old\n */\n public static \n TaskAttemptID downgrade(org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.", "TaskAttemptID old) {\n if (old instanceof TaskAttemptID) {\n return (TaskAttemptID) old;\n } else {\n return new TaskAttemptID(TaskID.downgrade(old.getTaskID()), old.getId());\n }\n }\n\n public TaskID getTaskID() {\n return (TaskID) super.getTaskID();\n }\n\n public JobID getJobID() {\n return (JobID) super.getJobID();\n }\n\n @Deprecated\n public static TaskAttemptID read(DataInput in) throws IOException {\n TaskAttemptID taskId = new TaskAttemptID();\n taskId.readFields(in);\n return taskId;\n }\n \n /** Construct a TaskAttemptID object from given string \n * @return constructed TaskAttemptID object or null if the given String is null\n * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given string is malformed\n */\n public static TaskAttemptID forName(String str\n ) throws IllegalArgumentException {\n return (TaskAttemptID) \n org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.", "TaskAttemptID.forName(str);\n }\n \n /** \n * Returns a regex pattern which matches task attempt IDs. ", "Arguments can \n * be given null, in which case that part of the regex will be generic. ", " \n * For example to obtain a regex matching <i>all task attempt IDs</i> \n * of <i>any jobtracker</i>, in <i>any job</i>, of the <i>first \n * map task</i>, we would use :\n * <pre> \n * TaskAttemptID.getTaskAttemptIDsPattern(null, null, true, 1, null);\n * </pre>\n * which will return :\n * <pre> \"attempt_[^_]*_[0-9]*_m_000001_[0-9]*\" </pre> \n * @param jtIdentifier jobTracker identifier, or null\n * @param jobId job number, or null\n * @param isMap whether the tip is a map, or null \n * @param taskId taskId number, or null\n * @param attemptId the task attempt number, or null\n * @return a regex pattern matching TaskAttemptIDs\n */\n @Deprecated\n public static String getTaskAttemptIDsPattern(String jtIdentifier,\n Integer jobId, Boolean isMap, Integer taskId, Integer attemptId) {\n return getTaskAttemptIDsPattern(jtIdentifier, jobId,\n\tisMap ? ", "TaskType.", "MAP : TaskType.", "REDUCE, taskId, attemptId);\n }\n \n /** \n * Returns a regex pattern which matches task attempt IDs. ", "Arguments can \n * be given null, in which case that part of the regex will be generic. ", " \n * For example to obtain a regex matching <i>all task attempt IDs</i> \n * of <i>any jobtracker</i>, in <i>any job</i>, of the <i>first \n * map task</i>, we would use :\n * <pre> \n * TaskAttemptID.getTaskAttemptIDsPattern(null, null, TaskType.", "MAP, 1, null);\n * </pre>\n * which will return :\n * <pre> \"attempt_[^_]*_[0-9]*_m_000001_[0-9]*\" </pre> \n * @param jtIdentifier jobTracker identifier, or null\n * @param jobId job number, or null\n * @param type the {@link TaskType} \n * @param taskId taskId number, or null\n * @param attemptId the task attempt number, or null\n * @return a regex pattern matching TaskAttemptIDs\n */\n @Deprecated\n public static String getTaskAttemptIDsPattern(String jtIdentifier,\n Integer jobId, TaskType type, Integer taskId, Integer attemptId) {\n StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(ATTEMPT).append(SEPARATOR);\n builder.append(getTaskAttemptIDsPatternWOPrefix(jtIdentifier, jobId,\n type, taskId, attemptId));\n return builder.toString();\n }\n \n @Deprecated\n static StringBuilder getTaskAttemptIDsPatternWOPrefix(String jtIdentifier\n , Integer jobId, TaskType type, Integer taskId, Integer attemptId) {\n StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();\n builder.append(TaskID.getTaskIDsPatternWOPrefix(jtIdentifier\n , jobId, type, taskId))\n .append(SEPARATOR)\n .append(attemptId !", "= null ? ", "attemptId : \"[0-9]*\");\n return builder;\n }\n}\n" ]

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[ "Keith Robertson\n\nKeith Robertson may refer to:\n\n Keith Robertson (writer) (1914–1991), American writer of children's books and murder mysteries\n Keith Robertson (Scottish rugby union) (born 1954), former Scottish rugby union player\n Keith Robertson (Australian footballer) (born 1938), former Australian rules footballer\n Keith Robertson (New Zealand rugby union), rugby player" ]

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[ "Friday, October 14, 2016\n\nKristel Ann Foster's remarks on Comprehensive Sex Ed in TUSD\n\nKristel Ann Foster was asked....TUSD recently voted to include comprehensive sexuality education in its classrooms. ", "What would you like this new curriculum to look like?", "\n\nHer response: \"Like many school districts, TUSD has a sex-ed policy with the word “comprehensive.’’ ", "But this word is often up for interpretation. ", "We revised our policy to define the word “comprehensive” so that we are clear that our classes provide medically accurate, age-appropriate information about anatomy and reproduction, teach students about the risks of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, and empower students to make decisions for themselves about their bodies and relationships.", "\n\nWe have appointed a committee of community members who will come together and review current curriculum, and possible new curriculum to adopt, to make sure these materials cover this definition of “comprehensive,” and do so in a way that respects the diverse opinions and perspectives in our community.\"" ]

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[ "Stephen Lewis (actor)\n\nStephen Lewis (17 December 1926 – 12 August 2015), credited early in his career as Stephen Cato, was an English actor, comedian, director, screenwriter, playwright. ", "He is best known for his roles as Inspector Cyril \"Blakey\" Blake On the Buses, and Clem \"Smiler\" Hemmingway in Last of the Summer Wine, and Harry Lambert in Oh, Doctor Beeching!, ", "although he also appeared in numerous stage and film roles.", "\n\nEarly life\nLewis was born at All Saints Maternity Hospital in Poplar, Middlesex, England. ", "He worked as a bricklayer, electrician's mate and carpenter and also joined the Merchant Navy before turning to acting. ", "He was persuaded to go to a performance by the Theatre Workshop, under their director Joan Littlewood. ", "It was common, after these performances, to invite members of the audience to meet the cast. ", "He was invited to an audition, landed the part, and left the sea to become a member of the company.", "\n\nStage\nLewis made his West End theatre debut with the transfer of Brendan Behan's The Hostage in 1958. ", "In 1960 he wrote Sparrers Can't Sing with the Theatre Workshop, which was made into the film Sparrows Can't Sing in 1963, starring Barbara Windsor, Roy Kinnear and Lewis himself, as well as his future On the Buses co-star Bob Grant. ", "He used the name Cato in his early stage career, but after writing Sparrows Can't Sing he was urged by his agent to use his real name.", "\n\nTelevision\nFrom 1969 Lewis starred in his best-remembered role as the gruff inspector Blakey in the British sitcom On the Buses, which ran for 74 episodes and spawned three films: On the Buses (1971), Mutiny on the Buses (1972), and Holiday on the Buses (1973). ", "He co-wrote 12 episodes with fellow star Bob Grant. ", "Lewis was made up to look much older than his actual age with heavy make-up; he was only 42 when the programme began. ", "A spin-off series, Don't Drink the Water (1974–1975), ran for two series. ", "This featured Blakey retiring to Spain with his sister Dorothy (played by Pat Coombs). ", "In the 1990s, Blakey (or a very similar-looking character) appeared regularly on Jim Davidson's version of The Generation Game on BBC One. ", "In addition, Lewis played a coach driver with very similar characteristics to Blakey in a 2000 edition of ITV's 1970s-set sitcom The Grimleys. ", "He also appeared in Manhunt in a rare villainous role.", "\n\nFilm\nHis film roles included A Prize of Arms (1962), Negatives (1968), Staircase (1969) with Richard Burton and Rex Harrison, Some Will, Some Won't (1969), The Magnificent Seven Deadly Sins (1971), The Last Remake of Beau Geste (1977), Personal Services (1987), Out of Order (1987), and The Krays (1990). ", "He also appeared in two British sex comedies, Adventures of a Taxi Driver (1975) and Adventures of a Plumber's Mate (1978).", "\n\nLater television roles\nIn 1988, he took on one of his longest-running roles, playing \"Smiler\" Hemingway in the BBC sitcom Last of the Summer Wine. ", "The character appeared in many episodes for 17 years, until ill health forced Lewis to leave the series in 2007. ", "In 1995, Lewis played Harry Lambert, the signalman, in the BBC pilot of sitcom Oh, Doctor Beeching!, ", "which ran to two further series. ", "He appeared as a guest in sitcoms such as One Foot in the Grave, 2point4 Children, Father, Dear Father and The Grimleys. ", "He also played the character of Alf, a comedy writer, in the second series of The All New Alexei Sayle Show (1995).", "\n\nDeath\nLewis died at the age of 88 on 12 August 2015, in a nursing home in Wanstead, London, where his sister Connie, aged 84 also resides.", "\n\nPartial filmography\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n Interview with Stephen Lewis\n\nCategory:1926 births\nCategory:2015 deaths\nCategory:English male film actors\nCategory:English male stage actors\nCategory:English male television actors\nCategory:Male actors from London\nCategory:English male comedians\nCategory:People from Poplar, London\nCategory:20th-century English male actors\nCategory:21st-century English male actors\nCategory:British male comedy actors" ]

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[ "Use of Hysterosalpingo-Foam Sonography for Assessment of the Efficacy of Essure Hysteroscopic Sterilization.", "\nHysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) has been suggested to be a possible less invasive alternative to hysterosalpingography (HSG), which is the reference standard for confirmation of tubal occlusion after Essure (Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany) hysteroscopic sterilization. ", "The purpose of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of HyFoSy compared to HSG for confirmation of tubal occlusion after Essure hysteroscopic sterilization. ", "A prospective study included 90 patients who underwent Essure hysteroscopic sterilization. ", "Twelve weeks after the sterilization, 2-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography was performed to assess the microinsert position and was followed by HyFoSy and HSG for evaluation of tubal occlusion. ", "Patients with patent fallopian tubes on HSG were scheduled for additional HSG procedures at 3-month intervals until tubal occlusion was documented. ", "Of 90 enrolled patients, 86 patients with 170 fallopian tubes underwent the complete imaging protocol. ", "Tubal occlusion was evaluated by HyFoSy as an index test and HSG as a reference standard. ", "The accuracy of HyFoSy was 97.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93%-99%). ", "The sensitivity and specificity were 100% (95% CI, 97%-100%) and 54.6% (95% CI, 23%-83%), whereas the positive and negative predictive values were 97.0% (95% CI, 93%-99%) and 100% (95% CI, 42%-100%), respectively. ", "No long-term complications were reported for HyFoSy or HSG. ", "Given that the concordance rate for tubal occlusion between HyFoSy and HSG was not 100%, an occluded fallopian tube on HyFoSy should be confirmed by HSG, which remains the reference standard for confirmation of tubal occlusion after Essure hysteroscopic sterilization." ]

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[ "\n\nHey y’all! ", "First off, a big thanks to everyone who gave feedback for the gameplay trailer I released last week! ", "It’s been such a great ride and I’m just overwhelmed by the positive enthusiasm in both the comments and posts elsewhere on the ‘net. ", "It’s already over 10,000 views, which is great as I was hoping to reach that number by the end of the month. ", "Outreach and building a base of fans was a huge goal for this year, and is something I’m constantly striving for. ", "I think marketing and global outreach is another topic that would be good for a Gamasutra column, as it’s so much different than it was just a few years ago. ", "Maybe I’ll write one later this year.", "\n\n\n\nSpeaking of the trailer, there are a few fun facts and some clarifications I want to talk about. ", "Such as…\n\n• The music in the trailer is a new rush hour track for the game by Jonathan Geer, composer for this game and my *secret game* that I’ll start working on after CSD 2 is released. ", "He’s also done the Owlboy soundtrack, which is finally getting a release this year! ", "Woo!", "\n\n• The footage was from the alpha version, and is missing a lot of final effects. ", "For instance, the backgrounds are entirely stationary in the trailer. ", "In the final game, you’ll have clouds moving across the sky, planes and other vehicles off in the distance, and perhaps even some more restaurant activity.", "\n\n• It was a hot alpha release, and had a few bugs in the trailer. ", "Pretzels would not have side dishes ordered along side it, for example, as that would be a simple food with a new detractor trait. ", "But in the trailer it shows two side dishes of green beans missing. ", "There are a few other bugs that I saw that’s not really worth pointing out but that was a big one I wanted to clarify a bit.", "\n\n• Most of the UI on the top (the combo meter and the time/buzz/money bar) was added in late last minute and is the most non-final asset in the trailer. ", "It may change significantly, or not at all, it’s hard to say.", "\n\n\n\n• No voices in the trailer as well, but don’t worry, they’ll be back in the final! ", "I’m thinking about doing an open call for people to do their best customer voices and having the chance to be in the game. ", "We’ll see how it goes!", "\n\n\n\nAfter launching the trailer on Thursday I took the last four days off to catch up on some other things I’ve been putting off, and basically relax until I start working pretty much non stop until the game is released. ", "It’s been a real nice mini-vacation but I’m eager to get back to programmin’.", "\n\n\n\nWhat’s going to happen immediately is I’m gonna fix the bugs I saw in the trailer, and replace a lot of the things that were held together by duct tape for purposes of shooting the alpha trailer, and begin some of the engine work that I need to do before progressing further (like offloading all text to an external text file for translation purposes, etc.). ", "That should take a few weeks, and that’s the kind of boring stuff that doesn’t show in photo/video updates.", "\n\n\n\nAfter that I’ll be getting back to adding new stuff to the game and I’ll have more screenshots to share around that time. ", "There probably won’t be another trailer until early next year; I wanna focus on getting the game closer to completion for the new 2017 release date. ", "I’m even thinking about live streaming some coding sessions…it wouldn’t be a big deal and I’d probably only get five viewers or so, but it could be fun, I dunno! ", ":D\n\nThere’s still a lot of work to do for sure, but I’m super excited about how the game is shaping up and I’m so thrilled that many of you agree based on the trailer feedback. ", "This is gonna be the most delicious game ever.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "[Adsorption of insulin to the Perfusor systems].", "\nUsing radioimmunoassay determination we examined the recovery rate of 100 units of regular insulin that had been added to 50 ml. ", "of a carrier solution in a plastic Perfusor syringe. ", "We measured the recovery rate with sodium chloride 0.9% as carrier and after adding albumin (10 g./l.) ", "and gelatine (6 g./l. ", "resp. ", "12 g./l.). ", "An initial insulin loss of 26% (with albumin) to 37% (with gelatine) was followed by only a small loss (less than 9%) during the next 24 hours. ", "We conclude from our results that it is unnecessary to add substances with high molecular weight in order to reduce insulin adsorption to Perfusor systems." ]

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[ "Jquery: add iteration index to the name of the class of child/parent <divs> dynamically\n\nI have a html page that has, 3 div with class name as \"\n\nxyz\n\n\", Now, On page load\n\n($(document).ready(function())\n\nfor each occurring of div \"xyz\" I want to introduce an inner html/child element as \"\n\n<div class=\"childxyz###\"></div>\n\n\" where\n\n###\n\nrepresents the position number of occurrence of parent class xyz . ", "For instance, the first occurrence of parent class xyz the child class name would be \"\n\nchildxyz1\n\n\", second occurrence it would be\n\nchildxyz2\n\nand so on.", "\n\nCan someone suggest a simple solution for this?", "\n\nInitial page\n\n<div class=\"xyz\">\n//appending inner html and pass value 1 as xyz is the first occurrence\n</div>\n\n<div class=\"xyz\">\n//appending inner html and pass value 2 as xyz is the first occurrence\n</div>\n\n<div class=\"xyz\">\n//appending inner html and pass value 3 as xyz is the first occurrence\n</div>\n\nThe final page when the Jquery/JS script runs should look like this.", "\n\n<div class=\"xyz\">\n<div class=\"childxyz1\">\n</div>\n</div>\n\n<div class=\"xyz\">\n<div class=\"childxyz2\">\n</div>\n</div>\n\n<div class=\"xyz\">\n<div class=\"childxyz3\">\n</div>\n</div>\n\n<div class=\"xyz\">\n<div class=\"childxyz1\">\n</div>\n</div>\n\n<div class=\"xyz\">\n<div class=\"childxyz2\">\n</div>\n</div>\n\n<div class=\"xyz\">\n<div class=\"childxyz3\">\n</div>\n</div>\n\nEDIT\nI have included a sample code that I am working on, here I wish to replace the hard-coded value at the 0th and 1th position with a better code. ", "Appreciate any help in this regard.", "\n\n.datatableTesting0 thead tr th\n.datatableTesting1 thead tr th\n\n** What i want to achieve is a 2 Dimensional array that stores the values, such that, at the 0th position it store the content of first occurrence of class=\"datatableTesting\" and at the 1th position the second occurrence of table with the same class name, so on and so forth." ]

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[ "This is infuriating. ", "If there was any doubt in your mind as to whose side the political establishment is on, this should settle it:\n\nAn amendment that would prevent the government from working with contractors who denied victims of assault the right to bring their case to court is in danger of being watered down or stripped entirely from a larger defense appropriations bill.", "\n\nMultiple sources have told the Huffington Post that Sen. Dan Inouye, a longtime Democrat from Hawaii, is considering removing or altering the provision, which was offered by Sen. Al Franken (D-Minn.) and passed by the Senate several weeks ago.", "\n\nInouye's office, sources say, has been lobbied by defense contractors adamant that the language of the Franken amendment would leave them overly exposed to lawsuits and at constant risk of having contracts dry up. ", "The Senate is considering taking out a provision known as the Title VII claim, which (if removed) would allow victims of assault or rape to bring suit against the individual perpetrator but not the contractor who employed him or her.", "\n\n\"The defense contractors have been storming his office,\" said a source with knowledge of the situation. \"", "Inouye either will get the amendment taken out altogether, or water it down significantly. ", "If they water it down, they will take out the Title VII claims. ", "This means that in discrimination cases, they will still force you into a secret forced arbitration on KBR's (or other contractors') own terms -- with your chances of prevailing practically zero. ", "The House seems to be very supportive of the original Franken amendment and all in line, but their hands are tied since it originated in the Senate. ", "And since Inouye runs the show on this bill, he can easily take it out to get Republicans and the defense contractors off his back, which looks increasingly likely.\"", "\n\nA Democratic aide on the Hill, also with knowledge of the situation, confirmed the account, as did a source who works on defense contracting matters outside of Congress. \"", "The contractors are putting on a full-court press on this amendment... they are all doing it,\" said the latter source." ]

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[ "DirectionsColyford is on the A3052 Lyme Regis to Exeter road, situated mid-way between Lyme Regis and Sidmouth.", "\n\nYeoman's Acre is located in the centre of the village. ", "We are located close to the turning for Seaton Road, just a few steps away from the village store.", "\n\nOn arrival, turn off the main road and you will find the parking area and cottages at the rear of the property.", "\n\nYour Hosts Des and Yvonne Kennedy\n\nAddressYeoman's AcreSwan Hill RoadColyford Devon EX24 6QQ\n\n01297 552781stay@yeomansacre.co.uk\n\nAbout usHaving spent a number of years in nearby Dorset, we relocated to Colyford in July 2013 to take over Yeoman's Acre - our first step into the hospitality business. ", "It's been a great adventure so far. ", "We love meeting new people each day; helping them get the best out of their stay and the local area.", "Des and Yvonne" ]

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[ "The last holdouts in the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge standoff say they now want pardons for everyone involved before they'll leave the headquarters where they're holed up behind police roadblocks.", "\n\n\"Before we leave, every single one of the people involved in this operation should be pardoned,\" occupier David Fry said in a feed posted to YouTube just before noon Friday.", "\n\nWith Ammon Bundy and 10 other members of the armed occupation behind bars and most of the rest gone of their own accord, four remain inside the compound.", "\n\nThey are: Fry, 27, of Blanchester, Ohio; Sandy Anderson, 48, of Idaho; her husband, Sean Anderson, 47; and Jeff Banta, 46, of Elko, Nevada.", "\n\nThe remaining occupiers had been livestreaming the standoff on YouTube or posting periodic videos to detail their preparations to die at the refuge. ", "But they had filed no dispatches for more than 24 hours until Fry broke the silence.", "\n\nHis five-and-a-half-minute video included details of the occupiers' new demands and a diatribe against Hillary Clinton.", "\n\nHe said FBI negotiators have told him that they have no power to clear Sean Anderson of charges related to a felony warrant for his arrest. ", "Records show he has an outstanding bench warrant related to an August 2014 arrest.", "\n\n\"Obviously we can't get outta here scot-free,\" Fry said in the video. ", "He believes authorities plan to arrest the highest-risk occupiers right away. ", "As for the rest, \"they just want to separate us and get us all home so they can pick us off one-by-one.\"", "\n\nTo avoid that scenario, Fry is demanding pardons for the four remaining occupiers plus everyone who has already left the compound.", "\n\nThe Pacific Patriots Network, a group that has followed the refuge occupation, also spelled out several demands on Friday in a call for support from its members. ", "The network of various patriot groups used strong language in condemning the shooting of Robert \"LaVoy\" Finicum and the arrest of an occupier they were helping to leave the refuge on Wednesday night.", "\n\nThe network, which plans a protest in Burns on Monday, demands the arrest of the top FBI agent in Oregon and any other law enforcement officers involved with his death, removal of all FBI agents from Harney County and the resignation of several county leaders and Sheriff Dave Ward.", "\n\nJoseph Rice, a founding member of the network from Grants Pass, said he expects as many 200 people to come to Burns over the weekend.", "\n\nYet the network was clear it wants a \"peaceful\" operation.", "\n\n\"If you have any ill intent,\" the group's statement continued, \"please do not come. ", "We do not need you.\"", "\n\nThe group asked supporters to come in civilian attire and to follow a \"policy of no long guns within the community.\"", "\n\nStill, the scene at the refuge headquarters 30 miles south of Burns was unusually inactive Friday morning. ", "In recent days, police vehicles have come and gone, sometimes in convoys containing dozens of vehicles.", "\n\nThere was no visible police presence at a roadblock just beyond the turnoff from Oregon 205 onto Sodhouse Lane, which leads six miles to the refuge headquarters. ", "Still, federal agents leading the effort to end the standoff have said they are working \"round-the-clock\" to remove the holdouts from the compound.", "\n\nMeanwhile, those in the community are left to wonder when it will end and debate the details of an FBI video depicting the death of LaVoy Finicum, a spokesman for the occupation who was shot by state police Tuesday when leaders Ammon Bundy, his brother, Ryan Bundy, and Ryan Payne were arrested on their way to a community meeting in John Day.", "\n\nAmmon Bundy, the son of controversial Nevada rancher Cliven Bundy, and his followers took over the federal refuge Jan. 2 in protest of longer prison sentences for two local ranchers and federal land management policies.", "\n\n\"I don't know what's going to happen next,\" Fry said in his video posted at 11:54 a.m., \"but I'll try to keep y'all updated.\"", "\n\n--Kelly House\n\nkhouse@oregonian.com\n\n503-221-8178\n\n@Kelly_M_House" ]

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[ "share:\n\nFULL SYNOPSIS\n\npowered by AFI\n\nIn Ireland, inspector Michael Dillon leaves the police barracks of Ballinalough and proceeds on foot through the rural countryside, his journey marked by two neighbors and by Micky J., a poteen maker or moonshiner, who tries to elude him. ", "Although Michael catches him, Micky is relieved to learn that the policeman's destination is the ancestral estate of Dan O'Flaherty, and follows him the rest of the way. ", "Dan greets Michael as an old friend and invites him into his cottage below the old castle tower. ", "The men have a friendly chat about old times, poteen and other matters. ", "Then the two neighbors arrive, offering to pay Dan's fine, thus revealing the true purpose of Michael's visit: Michael has a warrant to take Dan to prison for failing to pay the fine he was charged after hitting Phelim O'Feeney, the family enemy, in the head. ", "From under a rock in the floor, Dan retrieves twice the amount of money needed to stay out of prison. ", "However, as Dan believes that paying the fine would be admitting that Phelim, who called him a liar, did not deserve the contusion, he returns the money to its place and thanks the neighbors for their generosity. ", "Dan arranges with Michael to come to the jail on Friday after dinner. ", "At the appointed time, while Dan bids his family and neighbors farewell, Phelim himself arrives and offers to pay the fine, but Dan proudly insists on serving the prison sentence, which he believes is the way to uphold the O'Flaherty name. ", "At the barracks, Michael is waiting for him and the two friends, with arms around each other, enter the prison building.", "\nAt the Dunfaill railway station, the Ballyscran and Dunfaill train pulls in and the porter, Paddy Morrisey announces to the passengers that there will be \"one minute's wait only\" before it departs. ", "At his suggestion, the coach passengers briskly head for the station's refreshment bar manned by Pegeen Mallory. ", "Mr. O'Brien, the engineer, drinks a beer and entertains the lively crowd with a ghost story. ", "Outside Mrs. Falsey, traveling with her niece Mary Ann McMahon, encounters farmer Barney Domigan and his son Christy. ", "When Barney explains that he is taking his son to arrange a marriage with Mary Ryan, who has a three-hundred-pound dowry, Mrs. Falsey listens thoughtfully. ", "From the first-class compartment, Col. ", "and Mrs. Charles Frobishire, an older, stern-faced British couple, ask Paddy to open their door, but the porter cheerfully explains that he no longer has the key. ", "Instead he offers to water Mrs. Frobishire's bouquet of flowers, which he mistakenly presumes is a bridal bouquet. ", "After the passengers are called back to the train, Paddy opens the door, which was not locked, and returns the freshened flowers, wishing Mrs. Frobishire \"a child for every blossom.\" ", "The train is ready to depart when a prize goat is delivered and another \"minute's wait\" announced. ", "As the railroad workers argue about the wisdom of putting the animal in the baggage department, the passengers scurry back to the bar, where O'Brien continues his ghostly tale. ", "Mrs. Falsey and Barney continue their conversation, oblivious to Christy and Mary Ann's growing attraction to each other. ", "After Paddy moves the confused Frobishires to a third-class compartment, places the goat inside their first-class cabin, and the passengers are re-boarded, another \"minute's wait\" is announced. ", "Mrs. Kinsella, the fisherwoman, has just arrived and insists on loading lobsters for the Bishop's Golden Jubilee Dinner. ", "The passengers race back to the bar, while the lobsters are crammed in with the Frobishires. ", "The passengers are then re-boarded and the train is ready to leave, when the telephone rings. ", "Pegeen reports that the Ballyscran Hurling Team's bus has broken and the team is on its way. ", "As the athletes, who have won a championship match, parade alongside bagpipers to the station, Mrs. Falsey suggests to Barney that Mary Ann would be a better choice for Christy than Mary Ryan. ", "Assuming that Mary Ann is penniless, as her father died fighting with the Americans in the war, Barney patiently insists that a bride needs a dowry. ", "At that, Mrs. Falsey triumphantly pulls out a bank statement, revealing that Mary Ann inherited her father's $10,000 government \"bonus\" for \"getting himself killed.\" ", "The Frobishires ask for a cup of tea, so Paddy takes them to an outdoor table away from the heightened gaiety. ", "Paddy then goes inside the bar and joins Pegeen in a jig. ", "Mrs. Falsey and Barney come to an agreement, while Mary Ann and Christy come to a similar decision while kissing in a boxcar. ", "After passengers are recruited to help attach an additional carriage to the train for the hurlers, Paddy and Pegeen, who have been \"walking out together\" for almost twelve years, are left alone. ", "The passengers are returning to their seats, when Christy confronts Barney with an ultimatum: he will wed Mary Ann or join the foreign legion. ", "His independent thinking irritates Barney, who then offends Mr. Rourke, the station master, by recalling a lapse in his great-grandfather's good behavior many years ago. ", "When Rourke protests that the old story is a lie, the two prepare to fight. ", "Inside, Pegeen answers affirmatively when Paddy asks if she wants to be \"buried with his people.\" ", "The train whistle blows, prompting almost everyone to return to his proper place, and the train chugs out of the station, leaving the forgotten Frobishires behind.", "\nIn Galway, in 1921 during the \"Troubles\" of the \"Black and Tan War,\" political prisoner Sean Curran awaits his execution, while sympathizers gather outside the jail to pray for him. ", "Two nuns, one of whom claims to be Sean's sister, ask a sympathetic warder to be allowed a last visit with the condemned man. ", "The warder takes them inside and the major in charge, who is weary of his \"hangman\" role, orders the women escorted to Sean's cell. ", "Later, when the clock strikes the hour, the nuns leave, one of them doubled over in grief. ", "Sgt. ", "Michael O'Hara helps the nuns into a cab and notices that one wears high heels, but shrugs it off. ", "Afterward, when the major and his soldiers come to take Sean to the gallows, they find only Peggy O'Donnell, an actress from Brooklyn, in his cell. ", "The police search the town, while Sean and his rescuer slip into a theater. ", "After dark, Sean, disguised as a balladeer and accompanied by a donkey, passes through the police blockade with the help of the warder, who confirms that Sean is the minstrel Jimmy Walsh. ", "O'Hara is guarding an area of the waterfront called the Spanish Arch, when his temperamental wife, to whom Sean is a hero, arrives with his dinner. ", "Although she has been nagging O'Hara all evening about his part in executing \"the greatest man in Ireland today,\" when she sees a five-hundred-pound reward for Sean's capture, she considers the futility of his plight and the usefulness of the money. ", "The disguised Sean arrives with his donkey and offers to sing. ", "In his repertoire is the revolutionary song, \"The Rising of the Moon,\" which O'Hara, his wife recalls, used to sing during their courting days. ", "The couple begins to bicker, allowing Sean to board a rowboat that has come for him. ", "When O'Hara realizes that Sean is escaping, he calls to the rowers, threatening to shoot, but then has second thoughts, prompted by his love of Ireland. ", "He begins to sing the song, which, he admits, is somewhat treasonous, and his wife joins in. ", "Afterward, in a loving mood, she returns home, leaving O'Hara to wonder if he has been a fool. ", "Meanwhile, Sean rows to freedom." ]

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[ "Use of paracetamol during pregnancy and child neurological development.", "\nParacetamol (acetaminophen) remains the first line for the treatment of pain and fever in pregnancy. ", "Recently published epidemiological studies suggested a possible association between paracetamol exposure in utero and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder/hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD/HKD) or adverse development issues in children. ", "However, the effects observed are in the weak to moderate range, and limitations in the studies' design prevent inference on a causal association with ADHD/HKD or child neurological development. ", "In parallel, recent animal data showed that cognition and behaviour may be altered following exposure to therapeutic doses of paracetamol during early development. ", "These effects may be mediated by interference of paracetamol with brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotransmitter systems (including serotonergic, dopaminergic, adrenergic, as well as the endogenous endocannabinoid systems), or cyclooxygenase-2. ", "However, no firm conclusion can be made on the relevance of these observations to humans. ", "We conclude that additional well-designed cohort studies are necessary to confirm or disprove the association. ", "In the context of current knowledge, paracetamol is still to be considered safe in pregnancy and should remain the first-line treatment for pain and fever." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAdd JApplet to JFrame (or AWT Frame)\n\nIs there a possibility to add an Applet (JBufferedApplet to be specific) to a JFrame (or an AWT Frame).", "\nI've allready tried this, but it looks like the Applet simply doesn't run. ", "It makes the background color of the JFrame gray (the same color of the Applet), but nothing more.", "\nThere is no possibility of changing the JApplet to a JPanel (I don't have access to the code).", "\nAll that has to be done for the moment is add the Applet to a JFrame/AWT Frame\nThis is the code I have so far:\nimport javax.swing.", "JFrame;\n\npublic class FormFrame extends JFrame {\n\n public FormFrame() {\n super(\"Oracle Forms\");\n Main m = new Main();\n getContentPane().add(m); //add(m);\n setSize(800, 600);\n setDefaultCloseOperation (JFrame.", "EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\n setVisible(true);\n }\n\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n new FormFrame();\n }\n\n}\n\nAll it gives is the background color of the Applet. ", "It looks like the Applet doesn't run.", "\n\nA:\n\nYou could always try to add the applet's contentPane, something like:\npublic class FormFrame extends JFrame {\n\n public FormFrame() {\n super(\"Oracle Forms\");\n MyApplet myApplet = new MyApplet();\n myApplet.start();\n myApplet.init();\n getContentPane().add(myApplet.getContentPane()); \n setSize(800, 600); // not sure about this. ", " Usually better to call pack();\n setDefaultCloseOperation (JFrame.", "EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\n setVisible(true);\n }\n\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {\n public void run() {\n new FormFrame();\n }\n });\n }\n}\n\nJust don't forget to call the applet's init() method to allow it to initialize all its components.", "\nEdit: changes made for thread safety as per trashgod's excellent recommendation.", "\n\n" ]

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