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[ "Q:\n\nUnique Minimal Basis?", "\n\nSuppose there exists a collection of finite sets which is finite. ", "\nWe pick up the minimal sub-collection such that any set in the collection can be expressed as a union of sets in the sub-collection. ", "\nIs the minimal sub-collection unique?", "\n\nA:\n\nYes it is unique. ", "Let us consider two minimal sub-collections $\\mathcal A, \\mathcal B$. Neither contains the other by their minimality. ", "Since everything is finite, let $A\\in \\mathcal A\\setminus\\mathcal B$ be an element of minimal cardinality. ", "Now $A$ can be expressed as a union of element of $\\mathcal B$, which all need to be of smaller cardinality than $A$ (or same but $A\\not\\in\\mathcal B$), but $\\mathcal A$ then contains all of them, letting $A$ be expressed by a union of elements of $\\mathcal A$ contradicting the minimality of $\\mathcal A$.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow do you input CSS into an animate\n\nI know about the JQuery:\n.animate()\nThough I was wondering how to incorporate css into it? ", "\nAny ideas?", "\n\nA:\n\nUse .animate({//your css})\nThen it should work\n\n" ]

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[ "Hans Götz\n\nHans Götz (2 June 1919 – 4 August 1943) was a former Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. ", "Hans Götz was credited with 82 victories in 600 combat missions. ", "He claimed three victories over the Western Front.", "\n\nAwards\n Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe (10 November 1941)\n German Cross in Gold on 2 July 1942 as Oberleutnant in the I./Jagdgeschwader 54\n Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 23 December 1942 as Oberleutnant and pilot in the 2./Jagdgeschwader 54\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nCitations\n\nBibliography\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1919 births\nCategory:1943 deaths\nCategory:Luftwaffe pilots\nCategory:German World War II flying aces\nCategory:People from Stuttgart\nCategory:Recipients of the Gold German Cross\nCategory:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross\nCategory:German military personnel killed in World War II\nCategory:People from the Free People's State of Württemberg" ]

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[ "Thanks Laine,\n\nYes it is very helpful. ", " However, I think it is apparent that they have an \nincreasing anxiety level on a variety of fronts which I am sure is being \nconveyed to the lenders and could significantly impact their willingness to \nfund. ", " Did you get the same impresion Laine?", "\n\n\n\n\n\nLaine A Powell@ENRON_DEVELOPMENT\n12/10/2000 04:22 PM\nTo: Rob G Gay/NA/Enron@Enron, Richard A Lammers/SA/Enron@Enron\ncc: Christiaan Huizer/ENRON_DEVELOPMENT@ENRON_DEVELOPMENT, \nJohannes.Walzebuck@shell.com.br, Peter E Weidler/NA/Enron@Enron \n\nSubject: Telecom with S&W\n\nRob and Rick -\n\n Spoke today with Sue Garven and Brad Barta. ", " Below find comments/notes -\n\nBrad mentioned his concern about turnover of O&M staff with Duane's \ndeparture. ", " Responded that we had a capable plant manager with 10 years \nplant experience plus key people at the lower levels had remained. ", " Also told \nBrad that the two I&C consultants we have had since the outset of the project \nare still working at the facility and that we were taking on 6 technicans \nfrom Siemens during combined cycle start-up. ", " Brad seemed okay with the \nresponse.", "\n\nDiscussed two key contractual issues -\nTAA - They expressed the importance of keeping the TAA in place with no \ndilution since it is so important to the lenders. ", " Furthermore they mentioned \nthat SCC's position is Siemens will come after us to dilute the TAA and that \nin fact it is no longer valid. ", " (I agree Siemens will come after us for the \nrisk profile modification) Responded that we felt that the TAA was still \nvalid and mentioned that Siemens might want the TAA to commence at completion \non oil. ", " Sue's commented that we need to calculate how much it would cost us \nto keep the start date at Substantial Completion on fuel.", "\nPhase II - Explained that given the current commissioning program that we had \nno intention of lowering the dampners and testing for simple cycle Phase II \non gas. ", " They are on board with this concept. ", " We just need to get a white \npaper to them to explain in detail.", "\n\nDrilling -\nThe comment was the formations are tough but will get there slowly but surely.", "\nUsing 1 May as gas available at the plant date.", "\n\nChange Orders -\nTransmitted SCCs frustration on little movement on change orders related to \nthe pipeline. ", " Told them that many of the change orders still without \ndocuments and in any case the strategy was to settle up at the end of the job.", "\nBrad and Sue mentioned that they would feel more comfortable with the process \nand putting a number on the value of the change orders if we were closer to \nresolution.", "\nworried about the size of the change orders - especially the outside case.", "\nhave not given this to the banks\nthere outside change order case is as follows -\n\n Power Plant Pipeline Total\n\nTotal EPC US$ 419 mm\nApproved Change Orders 22 mm\nPending Change Orders US$ 10 mm US$ 25 mm 35 mm\nCont Change Orders 8 mm 24 mm 32 mm\n\nHope this information is useful.", "\n\nrgds\n\nLaine" ]

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[ "Quarterley Racing On Track Development has announced its rider line-up for the 2019 MotoAmerica Junior Cup Series with the team set to consist of four of the brightest young stars in motorcycle road racing today.", "\n\nDallas Daniels, 15, Mattoon, Illinois, will be returning for his second year with Quarterley Racing On Track Development. ", "Dallas is the winner of the 2018 American Motorcyclist Association Grand Championships Athlete of the Year as well as the 2018 Nicky Hayden Horizon Awards or for both road racing and flat track. ", "From 2015 through 2017, Dallas won eight championships in the American Motorcyclist Association Amateur Dirt Track Nationals.", "\n\nJamie Astudillo, 18, Gilbertville, Pennsylvania, is the 2018 FIM Women’s Motocross Latin American Champion. ", "Also returning for her second year with the team, Jamie is the first female in MotoAmerica history to finish on the podium and was nominated for the American Motorcyclist Association Female Racer of the Year.", "\n\nTeagg Hobbs, 16, Vero Beach, Florida, began 2018 by winning three races at the Championship Cup Series races in Daytona Beach, Florida, in March. ", "He scored 16 victories in the Loudon Road Race Series during the year and went on to become a dual champion in the series for 2018. ", "Teagg was also the New England Sportbike Association Ultralight Champion.", "\n\nBen Gloddy, 13, Northfield, New Hampshire, scored 24 victories in a variety of events including road racing and Super Moto in 2018. ", "He was named the Loudon Road Race Series Rookie of the Year and was the youngest person ever in the organization’s history to get his expert license. ", "Ben will start competing in the MotoAmerica Junior Cup at the round in Utah on his 14th birthday." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThis invention relates to network system security, and more particularly relates to systems and methods for automatic detection, monitoring and reporting of network vulnerabilities.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nThe reliability and security of a network is essential in a world where computer networks are a key element in intra-entity and inter-entity communications and transactions. ", "Various tools have been used by network administrators, government, security consultants, and hackers to test the vulnerabilities of target networks, such as, for example, whether any computers on a network can be accessed and controlled remotely without authorization. ", "Through this intensive testing, a target network can be “hardened” against common vulnerabilities and esoteric attacks. ", "Existing testing systems, however, produce inconsistent results, use techniques that are unproven or that damage the target network, fail to respond to changing network environments or to detect new vulnerabilities, and report results in difficult to understand, text-based reports.", "\nWell-known network security tools now exist to test network paths for possible intrusion. ", "From a testing point, simple commands such as traceroute and ping can be used to manually map a network topography, and determine roughly what network addresses are “alive” with a computer “awake” on the network (i.e., determine which computers are on and are responding to network packets). ", "A tool such as a port scanner can be used to test an individual target computer on the target network to determine what network ports are open. ", "If open ports are found, these ports may provide access for possible intrusion, and potentially represent a vulnerability that can be exploited by a malicious hacker.", "\nSome suites combining various network tools attempt to follow a quasi-automated process to test target computers on a target network. ", "These suites provide variations on the tools described above, and provide long-form text-based output based on the outcome of this testing. ", "The output of these security tests are extremely technical, and require extensive knowledge of network communications in order to interpret and provide advice based on the results. ", "Thus, these partially automated suites do not provide comprehensive security to an entity seeking to “harden” its network.", "\nFurther, some security suites actually risk substantial damage to the target network. ", "For example, while the use of malformed network packets to test a target computer can provide extensive information from the target and feedback on the security of the target, these malformed packets can destabilize the target computer in unpredictable ways. ", "This sometimes results in a short-term loss of information to the target computer or, in more serious cases, a complete crash of the target computer operating system or hardware.", "\nIn other cases, the testing method used by existing suites is not reliable. ", "If a network port scanning method employed on a target computer is, for example, 80% accurate over time, then a complete test of all 216 ports on a single computer may result in approximately 13,000 ports incorrectly identified as potentially running vulnerable services. ", "Over an entire target network, such “false positives” make it virtually impossible to determine the true security level of the target network.", "\nExisting testing methods lack a standard, quantitative method for objectively comparing the security of a target network or target computer to other systems. ", "Typically, a target network or target computer is ranked only as “high risk,” “medium risk,” or “low risk.” ", "However, such a three-tier system alone provides very little substantive feedback or comparative information about changes in the network over time, the relative weight of different vulnerabilities in determining the resulting risk level, or objective assessments of network security among otherwise heterogeneous network environment." ]

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[ "One of the prevailing feelings in WWE Superstar Roman Reigns’ life this month is anticipation – anticipation not just of this Sunday’s SummerSlam pay-per-view, but also of the kickoff of college football season.", "\n\nBefore he was a Superman-punching contender for WWE gold, Reigns was an All-ACC defensive lineman at Georgia Tech by the name of Joe Anoai.", "\n\nAnd though Reigns’ field of competition has changed, he does draw football experience in the ring. “", "My finisher, the spear, it’s pretty much an open-field tackle, driving my shoulder into the guy’s chest and wrapping up,” he said. “", "It was an obvious choice.”", "\n\nReigns will spend the weekend in Los Angeles sitting on a “SummerSlam Confidential” panel with Stone Cold Steve Austin, John Cena, Hulk Hogan, Sting, Cesaro and Sheamus and then facing the villainous Randy Orton on Sunday in the ring.", "\n\nBut before that, Reigns took time to play football general manager and draft his own fantasy team from WWE’s roster. ", "Presenting Team Reigns:\n\nOFFENSE\n\nLT – Big Show. “", "We’d have to put him on the island and protect the blind side.”", "\n\nRT – Tensai. “", "He’s a big, tall, real wide guy. ", "Very athletic.”", "\n\nG – Mark Henry and Bray Wyatt. “", "Mark Henry is a guard. ", "Definitely a strong guard for sure. ", "Bray’s got a low center of gravity and has good feet on him. ", "He knows what to do.”", "\n\nC – John Cena. ", "Cena, the undisputed WWE champion, was a Division III All-America at the position for Springfield (Mass.) College. “", "He doesn’t have enough fat on him, but the center gets a lot of help from the guard, so we’ll keep Cena at center since he knows the position.”", "\n\nTE – Wade Barrett. ", "Reigns’ first instinct was to put Jack Swagger at this spot, assured that Swagger would be an excellent blocker. “", "But he looks like he has brick hands,” Reigns said. “", "Wade’s got that tight end frame, a little long and lanky. ", "He looks like a guy who could run down the seam.”", "\n\nRB – Dolph Ziggler. “", "I’m trying to think of speed here, so we’ll put Dolph in there.”", "\n\nFB – Ryback. “", "He’d have a big neckroll. ", "He’d wear a huge neck roll. ", "He’d be the best. ", "We’d have him mic’d up, and he’d be saying all kinds of big guy phrases. (", "Reigns breaks into a cave man voice.) ", "Like, ‘Big guy block. ", "Big guy block!’”", "\n\nWR – Kofi Kingston and Fandango. “", "Kofi, he’d be like a slot guy. ", "Fandango has the footwork down; we have to make sure he has the hands.”", "\n\nQB – Cesaro. “", "He has the size, mobility and arm strength to make all the throws.”", "\n\nDEFENSE\n\nNT – Big E Langston and Rusev. ", "Langston is a former defensive tackle at Iowa. “", "They’ll rotate. ", "We’ll play a three technique. ", "They’ll be in there eating up space.”", "\n\nDL – Luke Harper and Erick Rowan. ", "Reigns has a clear gameplan for the remaining members of the Wyatt Family. “", "I’ll have them right outside the guard. ", "Or head up on the guard depending on the situation.”", "\n\nDE – Titus O’Neil and Curtis Axel. ", "O’Neil played defensive end at Florida after earning second-team All-USA honors from USA TODAY as a high school senior. “", "We need a more skilled d-end, a big guy who’s pretty athletic. ", "We’ll be dropping a d-end back into coverage a little bit. ", "He has that type of frame.” ", "Of Axel, Reigns said, “He has small feet, so he’s nimble.”", "\n\nLB – Reigns and The Usos. ", "Reigns chose the position he played at Pensacola’s Escambia High School, middle linebacker, for a reason. ", "It allows him play between his former high school teammates Jimmy and Jey Uso, who also happen to be the WWE Tag Team Champions. “", "They’ll be flanking me. ", "We’re blitzing, we’re bringing the house, two over the top every time.”", "\n\nDB – Xavier Woods at strong safety and Tyson Kidd at one cornerback. “", "The second corner will be Dean Ambrose,” Reigns said of his friend and former tag team partner. “", "He is willing do whatever he has to do to lock his man down.” ", "And free safety? ", "Chris Jericho. ”", "He has a little bit of leadership and good instincts back there. ", "He’s pretty witty. ", "He knows the gameplan like the back of his hand. ", "He’s a smart football player, not a fast one.”", "\n\nCOACH – Paul Heyman. “", "He’d be a motivator, He’d have a hell of a pregame, postgame and halftime speech. ", "And assistant head coach Arn Anderson. ", "Just because I’d love to hear him talk.”", "\n\nOWNER – Vince McMahon. “", "He’s like the Dallas Cowboys owner [Jerry Jones]. ", "That type. ", "They’ll shoot the skybox more than the field.”", "\n\nReigns did identify two WWE Superstars that he’d never allow to play on his team.", "\n\nThey happen to be his arch enemies. “", "Seth Rollins, you can’t trust him. ", "He’d probably send our gameplan to the other team.", "\n\n“And Randy Orton, he’s my water boy. ", "He gets the towels.”" ]

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[ "National survey of school counselors working with deaf and hard of hearing children. ", "Two decades later.", "\nThe first national survey of school counselors for deaf children was conducted by Marie Curtis in 1975. ", "She found that deaf students needed counseling services and that existing services were poor to fair in meeting these students' needs. ", "The purpose of the present study was to follow up on Curtis's study by seeking current information on the demography of school counselors as well as the present roles and skills of counselors working with deaf children. ", "Survey respondents indicated that they spent most of their time providing individual and group counseling. ", "A large majority of respondents said their communication skills with students were adequate or better. ", "The three most frequently identified student problems seen were \"problems with peer relations,\" \"difficulty with decision making.\" ", "and \"poor self-esteem.\" ", "Comparisons between the present study and the Curtis study indicate that counselor competence has improved in the intervening years. ", "Specifically, survey respondents in the present study gave themselves much higher ratings in the areas of communication skills, training, and counseling skills." ]

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[ "White House aides are telling President Trump to dial it back on social media, according to a report from the Wall Street Journal.", "\n\nIn what is being dubbed a Twitter \"intervention,\" Trump's staff reportedly called a meeting to discuss his social media habits.", "\n\nHis advisors have reportedly had enough with his oftentimes controversial unfiltered tweets and are concerned they could be used against him in the future.", "\n\nClick through images of President Trump in Saudi Arabia on his first foreign trip:\n\n7 PHOTOS President Trump in Saudi Arabia on his first foreign trip See Gallery President Trump in Saudi Arabia on his first foreign trip Saudi Arabia's King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (C) welcomes U.S. President Donald Trump (2nd L) with a coffee ceremony in the Royal Terminal after he arrived aboard Air Force One at King Khalid Airport International in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia May 20, 2017. ", "REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst Saudi Arabia's King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (C) welcomes U.S. President Donald Trump (L) and first lady Melania Trump (R) to a tea ceremony in the Royal Terminal after they arrived aboard Air Force One at King Khalid Airport International in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia May 20, 2017. ", "REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst Saudi Energy Minister Khalid al-Falih (L) arrives to attend the Saudi-US CEO Forum 2017 ahead of the arrival of the U.S. President Donald Trump, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia May 20, 2017. ", "REUTERS/Hamad I Mohammed Saudi Arabia's King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (C, in brown and white) welcomes U.S. President Donald Trump (L) and first lady Melania Trump (top, 3-R) with a military honor cordon after they arrived aboard Air Force One at King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia May 20, 2017. ", "REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst U.S. President Donald Trump and first lady Melania Trump arrive aboard Air Force One at King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia May 20, 2017. ", "REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst Saudi Arabia's King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud welcomes U.S. President Donald Trump and first lady Melania Trump as they arrive aboard Air Force One at King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia May 20, 2017. ", "REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst White House senior advisor Jared Kushner (C) and his wife Ivanka Trump walk on the tarmac after arriving with U.S. President Donald Trump aboard Air Force One at King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia May 20, 2017. ", "REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst Up Next See Gallery Discover More Like This HIDE CAPTION SHOW CAPTION of SEE ALL BACK TO SLIDE\n\nThe Journal reports that Trump staffers said his messages may \"paint him into a corner,\" leading to political and legal troubles.", "\n\nOne tweet reportedly mentioned in the meeting was the one in which the president claimed Trump Tower had been wiretapped by the Obama administration. ", "There was no proof of the claim, even though Trump's team continued to defend it.", "\n\nBefore taking office, he told \"60 Minutes,\" \"I'm going to be very restrained.\"", "\n\nYet the tweets have continued, including one in which he claimed he was the victim of \"the single greatest witch hunt of a politician in American history!\"" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nDiscover Apex custom field references\n\nIs there an easy way to discover where a custom field is referenced in Apex code without attempting to delete it?", "\nE.g. an org with a large code base has objects A, B, and C that all contain a custom field named 'my_custom_field__c'. ", "Is there an easy way to discover references to C.my_custom_field__c?", "\nYou can find references to a field (not including inside strings like below) by attempting to delete the field. ", "Does Salesforce expose this functionality some other way?", "\n// Not listed as a reference by Salesforce's delete tool\nString s = 'select my_custom_field__c from C'; \ndatabase.query(s);\n\nA:\n\nA really good news!", "\nSalesforce is going to provide out of the box feature to show the references of custom field after winter' 19. ", "\nhttps://releasenotes.docs.salesforce.com/en-us/winter19/release-notes/rn_forcecom_fields_where.htm\n\nAlso, if you want to access it programmatically then you can use Tooling api to by making just a query on MetadataComponentDependency. ", "However, this is pilot and need to ask Salesforce enable it. ", "Here is more detail: https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.214.0.api_tooling.meta/api_tooling/tooling_api_objects_metadatacomponentdependency.htm\n\n" ]

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[ "Hi All,\ni have a local repository configured for 'yum',which have files copied\nover from the RHEL DVD,It was configured initially,as i was facing some\nissues with my NIC which was not supported on 2.6.18 so had to upgrade\nto 2.6.26.", "\nNow as all is working fine and i'm on net i want to disable that\nrepository and just use the rpmforge repository configured on my system\nfollowing directions from\nhttp://wiki.centos.org/AdditionalResources/Repositories/RPMForge?action=show&redirect=Repositories%2FRPMForge\nPlease help me out\n- Disabling the local Repo\nor by\n- Any method to keep it up to date ,[syncing it with some online\nrepository]" ]

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[ "Recovery for Endurance Sports\n\nRecovery may be the most overlooked aspect of our exercise routine. ", "Everyone seems to focus on how long they should run/ bike or at what heart rate zone they should be in while exercising.", "\n\nImprovements in fitness, however, occur during the recovery period between exercise sessions and not during the exercise itself. ", "When you finish a cardio or weight training session, you are weaker, not stronger!", "\n\nHow much weaker depends on the intensity of the workout sessions. ", "If the workload is too great and you don’t recover before the next workout, your ability to perform during subsequent workouts declines. ", "Therefore, what you do the rest of the day when you are not exercising is just as important as what you do when you are exercising. ", "The faster and more complete your recovery, the more you will get out of your exercise programs and training sessions.", "\n\nRefuel\nBetween working out over the lunch hour and having to rush back to the office, it’s easy for you to not eat after your workout session. ", "Not refueling after exercise, especially after long or intense duration, is possibly the single worst thing you can do to slow down recovery.", "\n\nThe most important aspect of optimal recovery from hard workouts is refueling nutrient-depleted muscles. ", "Refueling after workouts is important for several reasons including the replenishment of fuel stores and the repair of muscle fiber damage.", "\n\nIn regards to fuel, carbohydrates are the most important nutrient to replenish. ", "It has been known that exercise performance is strongly influenced by the amount of pre-exercise muscle glycogen and that intense endurance exercise decreases muscle glycogen in the body.", "\n\nTo maximize the rate of glycogen replacement, you should consume simple carbohydrates (sugar, preferably glucose) within 30 minutes after your workout. ", "It would be even better if you can eat or drink more often, since a more frequent consumption of smaller amounts of carbohydrates better maintains blood glucose and insulin levels.", "\n\nRegarding muscle fiber repair, protein is another important nutrient to consume after hard and long workouts, especially when trying to build lean muscle. ", "To repair muscle fibers that are damaged during training, you have to consume complete protein (those which contain all essential amino acids) after their workout. ", "Some studies have found that eating protein and carbohydrates together also maximizes muscle glycogen storage.", "\nSince nutrients from fluids are absorbed more quickly than from solid foods, you should initially consume carbohydrates from fluids. ", "Other than the common sports drinks we can easily find, any beverage that contains a large amount of carbohydrates will be great for recovery. ", "For example, chocolate milk, which has a high carbohydrate and protein content, is an effective alternative to commercial sports drinks for recovery from intense bout of exercise.", "\n\nRehydrate\nWater is vital for many chemical reactions that occur inside our cells, including the production of energy. ", "When you sweat during exercise, you lose body water that can affect certain processes in your body. ", "In addition, your blood becomes thicker if you don’t replace fluids. ", "The result is a lower stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped by the heart per beat), cardiac output (the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute) and ultimately a decreased oxygen delivery. ", "The ability to exercise starts to decline.", "\n\nThe best rehydration fluids are those that contain sodium, which stimulates the kidneys to retain water. ", "However, if your workouts are at a low intensity and last less than an hour, plain water in combination with a balanced diet is just as effective. ", "A good indicator of your hydration level is the colour of your urine, with a light color indicating sufficient hydration. ", "On the other hand, if your urine appears cloudy and yellowish, you have to start drinking up!", "\n\nInflammation\nWith hard training comes muscle damage and inflammation, which leads to muscle soreness. ", "Try taking a cold bath after hard workouts to soothe the soreness.", "\n\nOther Activity\nSince any physical activity you do during the rest of the day when you are not exercising will influence your rate of recovery, it is important that you limit your non-workout-related activity. ", "For example, if you have just completed an intense weight training workout in the morning, it would not be wise to go for a long distance run the same afternoon. ", "Planning your workouts properly with adequate recovery time in between will ensure that your performance don’t suffer during your next training session.", "\n\nTraining Load\nWhen the training load is well planned and executed, your body will have the opportunity to recover and adapt to the exercise. ", "You will also avoid over-training and significantly reduce your chances of getting an injury.", "\n\nSo next time you finish a hard or long workout, drink some chocolate milk, take a cold bath, play around with your training work load, get more sleep instead of late night drinking sessions. ", "These strategies will help to encourage optimal recovery in your quest for better endurance.", "\n\nGet Professional Advice\nFor someone who is starting a fitness program or thinking of adopting a more active lifestyle after a long layoff, it is always a good idea to consult the doctor for advice and get a full physical assessment to rule out any underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure etc." ]

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[ "New Jersey - List of United States Depository Institutions, Credit Unions, Guide Service\n\nSomerset Valley Bank\n\nCompany Name:Somerset Valley Bank\n\nStatus:WorkState:New JerseyPost:08876-2417County:SomersetCity:SomervilleAddress:91 North Gaston Avenue, Somerville, NJ 08876Phone:(908)575-7300Contact Manager:Lauren BauerWeb site:www.somersetvalleybank.comSIC code:602101 Industry group: DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS, Business category: NATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANKS, Subcategory: BANKS Employees:3Gross Annual Sales (Revenue):UnavailableDescription:Somerset Valley Bank is a business categorized under banks, which is part of the larger category national commercial banks. ", "Somerset Valley Bank is located at the address 91 North Gaston Avenue, Somerville, NJ 08876 in Somerville, New Jersey 08876-2417. ", "The Manager is Lauren Bauer who can be contacted at (908)575-7300.", "\n\nWas this article helpful? ", "Yes -0 No -0Click here to Inform about a mistake 3 Rating:" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nSimple mysql event not running\n\nI have an event in my mysql database called \"updategold\", what it should do is increase a table value by 5 every second. ", "It doesn't work, though. ", "No error messages, everything looks ok but it is just not running. ", "Here's how it is set up:\n\nEvent name: Updategold\nStats: Enabled\nEvent type: Recurring\nExecute every: 1, second\nStart: I set it to a couple of mins in the future\nEnd: empty\nDefinition (supposed to run this every second):\nupdate stats.gold set stats.gold = stats.gold + 5\nwhere stats.id = users.id\n\nDefiner: root@localhost\n\nAny ideas?", "\nEDIT\nEntire process\nDROP EVENT `updategold`; CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` EVENT `updategold` ON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 SECOND STARTS '2014-10-19 11:37:00.000000' ON COMPLETION NOT PRESERVE ENABLE DO update stats set stats.gold = stats.gold + 5 where stats.id = users.id\n\nA:\n\nYour syntax is wrong in update stats.gold, you should only give the table_name\n update stats.gold set stats.gold = stats.gold + 5 \n where stats.id = users.id\n\nshould be:\n UPDATE stats SET stats.gold = stats.gold + 5 \n INNER JOIN users \n ON stats.id = users.id\n\nand added a JOIN to select the users to be updated from the users table. ", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Suvorov Museum (disambiguation)\n\nSuvorov Museum (a museum dedicated to Alexander Suvorov) may refer to:\n\nSuvorov Museum, in St. Petersburg, Russia\nSuvorov Museum, Ochakiv, Ochakiv, Ukraine\nSuvorov Museum and Reserve, in Konchanskoye-Suvorovckoye, Russia\nSuworow Museum, Linthal, Linthal, Switzerland \nSuvorov Museum, Izmail, Izmail, Ukraine\nSuvorov Museum, Timanivka, Ukraine \nSuvorov Military History Museum, Kobrin, Kobrin, Belarus" ]

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[ "Mining corporation sets its sights on the pulp mill\n\nAn aerial view of the Samoa Pulp Mill. ", "A mining company wants to open up an ore-to-gold processing facility on the Samoa Peninsula. ", "Representatives of the corporation plan to present their interest in leasing a section of the pulp mill site during a Humboldt Bay Harbor Recreation and Conservation District meeting on Thursday.", "\nTimes-Standard file photo\n\nFor more information and to view the meeting agenda visit humboldtbay.org/meetings-agendas-and-public-notices\n\nA mining company wants to open up an ore-to-gold processing facility on the Samoa Peninsula and representatives of the corporation plan to present their interest in leasing a section of the pulp mill site during a Humboldt Bay Harbor Recreation and Conservation District meeting on Thursday.", "\n\nThe Yuba City-based mining company, US Mine Corp., will be offering $5,000 to secure a six-month period in which it is the only company that can make offers to the harbor district for Redwood Terminal 2, harbor district Executive Director Jack Crider said.", "\n\nThe company has identified the shop building and the machine building as the two structures it would intend to lease for a mill site to extract gold from ore, Crider said.", "\n\nThe Samoa Peninsula’s central location along the West Coast, the deep port and the facilities already present are what drew the corporation to the site after looking at potential locations from Southern California to Washington, US Mine Corp. General Manager Guy Reed said.", "\n\nThe company seeks to create a processing facility that is accessible for mines from Alaska to South America, Reed said.", "\n\nThere is not currently a facility along the coast where ore can be processed, and shipping ore by truck is not cost effective for isolated mines along the coast, he said.", "\n\nThe Samoa site would not only serve as a place for US Mine Corp. to process ore from its own mine sites but would also provide milling services for other mining operations, Reed said.", "\n\n“We don’t know of another custom mill like that on the West Coast, so it would be very unique,” Reed said. “", "That is one of the reasons we are interested in doing it. ", "There are various ore types from mine sites up and down the West Coast that are lacking processing facilities.”", "\n\nBecause mines and potential mine sites are often in remote areas, it is not feasible to process the ore at or near the locations, leaving some sites unused or not mined as extensively as possible, he said.", "\n\n“There is a lot of untapped potential,” Reed said. “", "That’s where we come in.”", "\n\nReed said the goal would be to bring a couple hundred thousand pounds of ore to the Eureka port annually.", "\n\nThe ore would then be ground up into tiny particles and processed to extract gold and other precious medals, he said.", "\n\nAdvertisement\n\nOnce the gold is extracted, the plan is to turn the ground ore — mixed with aggregate and other products — into a precast concrete product, Reed said.", "\n\nThe product would then be exported via ship to other locations along the coast, he said.", "\n\nCrider said entering into an exclusive right to negotiate stage would be the first step in a long process of discussions and proposals, and part of this will be an assessment of the process and an environmental review.", "\n\nBecause the process will include grinding up the ore and using a variety of different chemicals to extract the gold, there are some concerns, he said.", "\n\n“One of the ones that is typical in that industry is cyanide,” he said. “", "We just spent a whole bunch of money to get rid of the chemicals on the site ... there will be a lot of questions.”", "\n\nAfter purchasing the site, the harbor district removed toxic chemicals, including cyanide, that had been used in the pulp mill’s processing and sat in deteriorating tanks beside the bay.", "\n\nHumboldt Baykeeper Director Jennifer Kalt is among those with questions about the mining company’s proposal.", "\n\n“I am highly skeptical that there is going to be anything that would convince people that putting a bunch of cyanide in a tsunami zone is a good idea,” Kalt said. “", "Not to mention the earthquake potential ... that could result in a leak or some sort of spill.”", "\n\nKalt said she was relieved by the actions the harbor district took to remove the risk posed by the chemicals left by the last private corporation to occupy the space.", "\n\n“The harbor district has stated that they want to move forward with projects that protect Humboldt Bay and I don’t see (the mill) as being in that category,” Kalt said.", "\n\nHumboldt Baykeeper, a branch of the international Waterkeeper Alliance, is not just concerned about what bringing toxic chemicals to the site could mean for Humboldt Bay, Kalt said.", "\n\n“I think it is important to look at the whole picture,” she said. “", "I would like to know what rivers will be impacted by the mining, where the waste products will wind up. ", "It is one world, it is not just what happens here that will affect us.”", "\n\nOthers, such as a cannabis industry leader and a pellet mill company have been interested in the site as well, but Crider said that there would be room for all of the tenants that have showed interest so far.", "\n\n“We haven’t had a lot of interest in the machine building and the shop building,” he said. “", "We could enter into an agreement with the (mining corporation) because it doesn’t conflict with any of the other areas.”", "\n\n“This is a long, long process, especially with a full-blown environmental review,” Crider said. “", "We would be looking at a couple years.”", "\n\nThe first step is for the US Mine Corp. to put money down to show its commitment to moving forward with negotiations, Crider said.", "\n\n“We could get three months into it and all decide this is not going to work,” he said. “", "And on to the next tenant.”", "\n\nReed, however, said while they have scoped out many sites, this one fits their needs the best.", "\n\nHe also thinks the mill would be a good fit for the community by providing jobs spanning from unskilled trade workers to high-level engineers.", "\n\n“Eureka was a perfect match,” he said. “", "We are pretty much settled on the idea that if this project is going to work it will be at that location.”" ]

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[ "Huntsman abandons values\n\nI have been a lifelong Republican, state delegate and conservative. ", "I voted for Jon Huntsman Jr. in the last election, believing he represented my values. ", "Boy, was I deceived. ", "He has abandoned almost every conservative position that we espouse. ", "He has jumped in bed with California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger over global warming. ", "He has done everything he can to sabotage and destroy the coal industry in Carbon, Emery and Sevier counties. ", "He has bonded with John McCain, who could only pull 5 percent of Utah's Republican vote." ]

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[ "Specifying dispersion in the design of diffractive optics.", "\nThe chromatic aberration of a diffractive optical surface can be specified within a lens design program using the Sweatt model' by choosing the fictitious high refractive index equalto its corresponding wavelength in an appropriate unit." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nPHP count rows for date range for previous month only and not from last 30 days to current date\n\nI would like the database to count how many reports were generated for last month only and not from the current date backwards a month as it currently is e.g. 16/08/15 to 16/08/15. ", "For example, I would like it to only count the total for August 2015, then once it is October, count the data for September 2015, so you can look back at the previous month how many reports were generated in the database.", "\nI hope that makes sense? ", "It will be used to count how many reports an employee has created to work out commission.", "\n<?", "php\nif ($result = $mysqli->query(\"SELECT count(inventory_id) cc FROM inventories WHERE inventory_date > CURRENT_DATE() - INTERVAL 1 MONTH\")) {\n $row = $result->fetch_assoc();\n printf(\"<div class='col-6 statsMonth inventoryMonthStats'>Inventories in 30 days <span class='statCircle'>%d</span></div>\", $row['cc']);\n $result->close();\n }\n?", ">\n\nA:\n\nGets a bit ugly, but... assuming you always want \"previous\" month:\nSELECT ...\n...\nWHERE YEAR(inventory_date) = YEAR(now() - interval 1 month)\n AND MONTH(inventory_date) = MONTH(now() - interval 1 month)\n\nIf you want arbitrary previous months, then swap now() for a date in the month you want to calculate the \"previous\" of.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThis invention relates to an anchoring device for anchoring a grid relative a frame member of a filter pan. ", "More particularly, this invention relates to an anchoring device for anchoring a grid relative the sidewall or a grid bar of a filter pan used in the production of phosphates.", "\n2. ", "Information Disclosure Statement\nBecause of the ever increasing demand for phosphates as agricultural soil fertilizers, the manufacture of phosphates from phosphoric ore has become a major industry. ", "Various processes have been employed in obtaining phosphates from the phosphoric ores but these processes generally fall into two categories. ", "First, the elemental phosphorus process and second, the wet acid process. ", "The wet acid process involves crushing and grading raw phosphate rock known as Fluorapatite and treating this crushed rock with an acid such as sulfuric acid to obtain a single, super-phosphate which is a mixture of calcium sulfate and monocalcium phosphate.", "\nIn the wet acid process, the crushed Fluorapatite is treated with sulfuric acid in a digester. ", "Slurry from the digester is then fed to a filtration unit where phosphoric acid is separated from the calcium sulfate precipitate. ", "This separation is carried out by the application of partial vacuum applied to the underside of the filter element.", "\nA typical filtration unit utilized in the phosphate industry for the separation of calcium sulfate is of generally circular configuration. ", "The filtration unit includes twenty-four filter pan cells of substantially trapezoidal shape arranged as partial sectors of the circular filtration unit. ", "Each filter pan cell is provided with means to enable the pan to rotate about a radial axis of the circular unit.", "\nThe filter pans are driven about a vertical axis of the circular unit so that each filter pan will progressively pass through various stations. ", "At the first station, the pan is filled with feed slurry from the digester. ", "When the pan has been filled, partial vacuum is applied to the underside of the filter element to draw off an undiluted mother liquor, which is phosphoric acid. ", "At the next station, the filter pan, which now contains a filter cake of calcium sulfate, is sprayed with a weak wash liquor returned from the operation performed on the filter cake at the next station. ", "Vacuum is again applied to the underside of the filter element to draw off the strong wash liquor having a concentration of phosphoric acid less than the undiluted mother liquor extracted at the first station. ", "During the next station, wash water is applied to the calcium sulfate filter cake while vacuum is applied to extract a weak wash liquor which is returned to the second station for spraying onto the filter cake. ", "The next station includes rotation of the filter pan cell to invert the pan to empty the filter cake therefrom. ", "At this station, instead of a vacuum, air is blown through the underside of the filter element to dislodge the filter cake. ", "At the following station, water is sprayed upwardly into the inverted filter pan to clean the pan of calcium sulfate precipitate. ", "The pan is then dried and ready to receive the next supply of slurry from the digester.", "\nThe above filtration unit thus operates on a continuous basis with filter pans rotating through all of the above stations every 3 to 5 minutes. ", "After prolonged usage of the filter pan, there is a tendency for a build-up of corrosive calcium sulfate precipitate that becomes lodged between the filter grid and the filter pan sidewalls. ", "The same build-up of precipitate occurs between the grid and the grid bars. ", "Because of this build-up, the efficiency with which the filter pan can operate is impaired and the rate at which air can pass through the grid is decreased. ", "Therefore, it becomes necessary for the grid to be periodically removed from the filter pan to permit the calcium sulfate to be chiseled out of the filter pan and removed from the same. ", "It will be evident to those skilled in the art that such removal of the grid from the filter pan presents serious problems.", "\nFirst, the whole filter unit must be shut down to permit removal of the grid from the filter pan. ", "This shutdown of the filter unit obviously interrupts production of phosphates. ", "Second, because of the corrosive nature of the calcium sulfate precipitate, removal of the bolts from the filter pan to allow disengagement of the grid from the pan often results in bolts snapping within the filter pan.", "\nUsually the base of the filter pan is provided with a plurality of internally threaded bosses. ", "The bosses are welded to the base of the filter pan and the grid is laid over the top of the bosses. ", "The edges of the grid fit within the area defined by the sidewalls of the filter pan. ", "Apertures defined by the grid register with the internally threaded bosses such that bolts can be inserted through the apertures to threadably engage the bosses. ", "When a threaded bolt snaps within the boss, it becomes necessary to ream out the bore of the boss to remove the broken end of the bolt. ", "The oversize bore must then be internally threaded and an oversize bolt must be provided to cooperate with the replacement threaded bore. ", "All of these operations are extremely time-consuming and not only result in high cost of maintenance, but also results in a considerable loss in production.", "\nThe present invention overcomes the aforementioned inadequacies of the known anchoring devices by providing a tapered or tapered pin which cooperates with a strap secured to the filter pan. ", "The tapered pin effectively wedges between the strap and the base of a housing secured to the grid.", "\nThe anchoring device of the present invention provides a quickly released mechanism for anchoring the grid onto a filter pan. ", "The anchoring device requires no special tools for installation and reliably secures the grid to the filter pan even when subjected to prolonged vibration. ", "Therefore, it is the primary object of this invention to provide an anchoring device for anchoring a grid relative a frame member of a filter pan which overcomes the aforementioned inadequacies of the prior art devices and provides an improvement which significantly contributes to the ease with which a grid can be removed from a filter pan for cleaning purposes.", "\nA further object of the present invention is the provision of a tapered pin which cooperates with an inverted U-shaped strap which is rigidly secured to either the sidewall of the filter pan or a grid bar of the same.", "\nA further object of the present invention is the provision of an open topped housing which is rigidly secured to the grid with the open top of the housing registering with an aperture defined by the grid.", "\nA further object of the present invention is the provision of an orifice defined by the base of the housing, the orifice removably receiving therein the inverted strap such that when the strap is inserted through the orifice, the tapered pin is inserted through the strap to wedge the pin between the strap and the base of the housing.", "\nA further object of the present invention is the provision of a box-shaped housing having an open top which is of the same dimensions as the aperture of the grid.", "\nA further object of the present invention is the provision of a cantilevered bracket having a first and a second end, the first end being rigidly secured to a grid bar and the second end being rigidly secured to the free ends of the U-shaped strap.", "\nA further object of the present invention is the provision of a cantilevered bracket having a first and a second end, the first end being rigidly secured to a framework which is rigidly secured to a sidewall of the filter pan. ", "The second end of the cantilevered bracket is rigidly secured to the free ends of the U-shaped strap.", "\nA further object of the present invention is the provision of a tapered pin having a bottom surface which cooperates with the base of the housing and a top surface including a tapered surface which cooperates with the U-shaped strap.", "\nAnother object of the present invention is the provision of a forward end of the bottom surface of the tapered pin, the forward end being curved for permitting the engagement of the forward end of the tapered pin between the U-shaped strap and the base of the housing.", "\nAnother object of the present invention is the provision of a locking link pivotably secured to the rearward end of the tapered pin, the locking link defining at the distal end thereof a hole which aligns with a complimentary hole defined by an extension of the grid. ", "The holes of the locking link and the extension of the grid are aligned when the tapered pin is wedged between the U-shaped strap and the base of the housing and a locking pin is inserted through the aligned holes to lock the link and the tapered pin in the wedged position.", "\nThe foregoing has outlined some of the more pertinent objects of the invention. ", "These objects should be construed to be merely illustrative of some of the more prominent features and applications of the intended invention. ", "Many other beneficial results can be attained by applying the disclosed invention in a different manner or modifying the invention within the scope of the disclosure. ", "Accordingly, other objects and a fuller understanding of the invention may be had by referring to the summary of the invention and the detailed description describing the preferred embodiment in addition to the scope of the invention defined by the claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.", "\nThis invention should not be construed as limited to an anchoring device for anchoring a grid to the frame member of a filter pan for the production of phosphates, but should include other applications in which a grid should be easily removable from the framework of a filter pan or the like." ]

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[ "Polydienes may be produced by solution polymerization, wherein conjugated diene monomer is polymerized in an inert solvent or diluent. ", "The solvent serves to solubilize the reactants and products, to act as a carrier for the reactants and product, to aid in the transfer of the heat of polymerization, and to help in moderating the polymerization rate. ", "The solvent also allows easier stirring and transferring of the polymerization mixture (also called cement), since the viscosity of the cement is decreased by the presence of the solvent. ", "Nevertheless, the presence of solvent presents a number of difficulties. ", "The solvent must be separated from the polymer and then recycled for reuse or otherwise disposed of as waste. ", "The cost of recovering and recycling the solvent adds greatly to the cost of the polymer being produced, and there is always the risk that the recycled solvent after purification may still retain some impurities that will poison the polymerization catalyst. ", "In addition, some solvents such as aromatic hydrocarbons can raise environmental concerns. ", "Further, the purity of the polymer product may be affected if there are difficulties in removing the solvent.", "\nPolydienes may also be produced by bulk polymerization (also called mass polymerization), wherein conjugated diene monomer is polymerized in the absence or substantial absence of any solvent, and, in effect, the monomer itself acts as a diluent. ", "Since bulk polymerization is essentially solventless, there is less contamination risk, and the product separation is simplified. ", "Bulk polymerization offers a number of economic advantages including lower capital cost for new plant capacity, lower energy cost to operate, and fewer people to operate. ", "The solventless feature also provides environmental advantages, with emissions and waste water pollution being reduced.", "\nDespite its many advantages, bulk polymerization requires very careful temperature control, and there is also the need for strong and elaborate stirring equipment since the viscosity of the polymerization mixture can become very high. ", "In the absence of added diluent, the high cement viscosity and exotherm effects can make temperature control very difficult. ", "Consequently, local hot spots may occur, resulting in degradation, gelation, and/or discoloration of the polymer product. ", "In the extreme case, uncontrolled acceleration of the polymerization rate can lead to disastrous “runaway” reactions. ", "To facilitate the temperature control during bulk polymerization, it is desirable that a catalyst gives a reaction rate that is sufficiently fast for economical reasons but is slow enough to allow for the removal of the heat from the polymerization exotherm in order to ensure the process safety.", "\nLanthanide-based catalyst systems that comprise a lanthanide compound, an alkylating agent, and a halogen source are known to be useful for producing conjugated diene polymers having high cis-1,4-linkage contents. ", "Nevertheless, when applied to bulk polymerization of conjugated dienes, lanthanide-based catalyst systems, especially those comprising an aluminoxane compound as a catalyst component, often give excessively fast polymerization rates, which makes it very difficult to control the temperature and compromises the process safety. ", "Therefore, it is desirable to develop a method of moderating the bulk polymerization of conjugated dienes catalyzed by lanthanide-based catalysts.", "\nIt is also known that cis-1,4-polydienes having higher cis-1,4-linkage content exhibit the increased ability to undergo strain-induced crystallization and thus give superior physical properties such as higher tensile strength and higher abrasion resistance. ", "Therefore, it is desirable to develop a method for producing cis-1,4-polydienes having higher cis-1,4-linkage content in both solution and bulk polymerization systems." ]

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[ "PHOENIX (March 23, 2012) – The progress of an Arizona bill blocking compliance with federal agents attempting to enforce detention provisions written into the National Defense Authorization Act has slowed in the House after quickly passing the Senate and moving out of one important House committee. ", "If you live in Arizona, you can help it move forward. ", "See Action items below.", "\n\nSB1182 would “prohibit any agency of the state from providing material support for or from participating in any way with the implementation of sections 1021 and 1022 of the National Defense Authorization Act of 2012, Public Law 112‑81, against any citizen of the United States.”", "\n\nLast week, the bill passed out of the House Military Affairs and Public Safety Committee by a 6-3 vote keeping it on track for final House approval. ", "But the bill still needs passage out of the House Rules Committee before moving on to a House Caucus for a second reading. ", "If it passes that, it will proceed to the Committee of the Whole for debate and then on to a final vote.", "\n\nAs of March 22, SB1182 was not slated for consideration by the Rules Committee or on the Caucus calendar. ", "Sources close to the Tenth Amendment Center indicate that that House Speaker told bill sponsor Sen. Sylvia Allen that he will move the bill forward. ", "But the House Speaker and Senate President tend to hold legislators’ favorite bills in order to have something to blackmail them with when the legislator considers the budget. “", "Vote for this budget or I’ll kill your bills!” ", "The Arizona budget reportedly remains stalled at the moment, increasing the likelihood leadership will hold bills that they know the members especially want.", "\n\nProgress on a resolution condemning NDAA detention has also slowed.", "\n\nSCR1011 passed 8-0 out in the House Military Affairs and Public Safety Committee, with one member absent. ", "SCR1011 declares:\n\nThat the Members of the Legislature condemn sections 1021 and 1022 of the 2012 NDAA as they purport to repeal posse comitatus and authorize the President of the United States to use the armed forces of the United States to police American citizens, to indefinitely detain persons captured within the United States without charge until the end of hostilities as purportedly authorized by the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force, to subject persons captured within the United States to military tribunals, and to transfer persons captured within the United States to a foreign country or foreign entity.", "\n\nBoth the resolution and the bill previously passed the Senate by a wide margin. ", "They’ve been introduced as a two-step strategy. ", "The goal is to pass a binding bill, but if Gov Brewer for some reason decides to veto, the resolution will still serve as the statement of the legislature with a future effort to override a veto.", "\n\nACTION ITEMS\n\nIf you live in Arizona, the time to act is now. ", "Contact your representative and politely insist that they pass both pieces legislation. ", "And also contact Gov. Brewer and Speaker of the House Andy Tobin and let them know you expect the State of Arizona to do what James Madison insisted was its duty and interpose on behalf of its citizens to stop the progress of evil.", "\n\nClick HERE for Arizona legislature contact information.", "\n\nClick HERE for the Gov. Brewer’s contact information.", "\n\nTo track NDAA nullification legislation across the U.S., click HERE.", "\n\nIf you don’t live in Arizona and your state has not taken steps to stop kidnapping under the NDAA, you can find model Liberty Preservation Act legislation that you can propose to your state representative or senator HERE." ]

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[ "Most small, simple, mainstream mods do work regardless of OS and are simply placed into your interface folder within the WoW folder. ", "Other large ones such as Cosmos [if that's even still around] have a mac version.", "\n\nI use approximately 50 some mods when playing Warcraft (sick I know) and they all work fine. ", "Even mods with .exe's work on a Mac you just can't use whatever functionality an EXE might give you. ", "Most of the EXE's extract data that the Warcraft mod gathers during gameplay for you to upload to a website. ", "So it doesn't affect your gameplay really.", "\n\nThere is no reason a Mod should not work on the Mac side. ", "It's coded in LUA and isn't even compiled to be OS specific.", "\n\nMacRumors attracts a broad audience\nof both consumers and professionals interested in\nthe latest technologies and products. ", "We also boast an active community focused on\npurchasing decisions and technical aspects of the iPhone, iPod, iPad, and Mac platforms." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field\nThe disclosure relates to a display apparatus. ", "More particularly, the disclosure relates to a display apparatus with improved display quality.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nA display apparatus may display a full color image using a space division scheme. ", "Such a display apparatus may include a display panel including red, green and blue color filters repeatedly arranged to correspond to sub-pixels in a one-to-one correspondence. ", "In such a display apparatus, a combination of the red, green and blue color filters define a unit to realize a color, and the full color image is realized by transmittance difference between the sub-pixels of the display panel and the color combination of the red, green and blue color filters. ", "As described above, an arrangement in which the red, green and blue color filters are arranged in different spaces is called the space division scheme.", "\nA display apparatus may display a full color image using a time division scheme (or a field sequential scheme). ", "In such a display apparatus, the color filters may be omitted from the display panel and a backlight unit disposed at a rear side of the display panel includes red, green and blue light sources that emit red, green and blue color light, respectively. ", "In such a display apparatus, a frame may be divided into three fields timely separated from each other, and the red, green and blue light sources are sequentially turned on in each field, thereby sequentially displaying red, green and blue color images. ", "Accordingly, an observer perceives the full color image obtained by combining the red, green and blue color images by a physiological visual sensation." ]

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[ "Eat good food.", "\n\nLiveblogging Top Chef Vegas: Episode 9\n\nLAST WEEK: Eli is a mama’s boy. ", "The brothers are secretly trying to destroy one another, and it’s becoming less and less of a secret. ", "And no one likes Robin.", "\n\n10:01: Mousy feels really good that she’s still here, which hopefully means she’s on the way out. ", "She’s an unlikely combination of boring and unlikeable.", "\n\n10:03: Quickfire: A Tag-Team cookoff. ", "Guest judge Rick Moonen. ", "Brian: “Isn’t he the one who was all coked out on Top Chef Masters?”", "\n\nShiv and one of the brothers are team leaders. ", "We’ve got Shiv, Beardie, Mousy and Weed vs. the Brothers, Not Jonah Hill and Robin. ", "And somehow there are blindfolds, and no one is allowed to talk to one another and I need a moment to process what’s going on.", "\n\n10:06: Okay, I think I get it – it’s like one person starts the story, then the next person picks it up, then the next until everyone’s cooked, except that you don’t get to hear or see what the prior chefs have gone. ", "I’ll give it to them – this could be interesting.", "\n\n10:08: Weed is waiting his turn with his fists held together like he’s fricking Cobra Kai. ", "Then it’s his turn and he’s just…confused.", "\n\n10:10: Team Not Jonah Brothers Robin does not have their shit together, nor do they seem to be trying to figure out what the prior chefs were setting up for them. ", "Who leaves the last person a foam to work with? ", "Who uses foam at all any more?", "\n\nBeardie totally sees what his team was setting up for him, and then doesn’t do it. ", "Because he has giant balls, and is awesome. ", "You roast the hell out of that fish in butter, Yukon Cornelius.", "\n\n10:12: Okay, when brother follows brother the foam makes sense. ", "I mean, in context of the challenge. ", "Not in the greater context of culinary life.", "\n\n10:14: Brian just called the whole season for Yukon. ", "I’m not sure I disagree. ", "Also, I want him to be my BFF. ", "I bet he’s really good at judging people, and then he could make me dinner. ", "Best date ever.", "\n\n10:17: The Not Jonah Brothers and Robin team have some kind of steak thing, power team Shiv and Yukon have a fish that Shiv misnames in front of Rick Moonen who, if I’m not mistaken, is a seafood guy. ", "Well played, Shiv.", "\n\n10:18: Winners: Shiv/Yukon Power Team!", "\n\nELIMINATION CHALLENGE: Restaurant Wars, keeping the same teams. ", "I don’t want to see the Power Team fail, although Restaurant Wars is historically like the Super Bowl: everyone is so fed up than they all tank.", "\n\n10:20: Extra pressure: Rick Moonen is all about sustainable seafood, and the restaurants have to be sustainable.", "\n\nI’m a little worried about Power Team, because they’re saddled with Mousy. ", "At this point, I know everyone’s real names and just choose not to use them. ", "Except for Mousy, I can’t be bothered to learn it. ", "Something with an L?", "\n\n10:23: Commercials: “I cannot live with a psychotic alien in my garage!!” ", "I wasn’t looking up at the time, so I have no context for this statement. ", "I think it’s probably better that way.", "\n\nBrian, on Andy Cohen: “Isn’t he embarrassed? ", "He should be embarrassed.” ", "I cannot disagree.", "\n\n10:25: Apparently, her name is Laurine Wickett. ", "That is not a winner’s name. ", "I’ve forgotten it already. ", "Power Team decides to nix dessert.", "\n\nOne brother calls the other brother cocky. ", "I believe the pot and kettle have already met.", "\n\n10:26: Eli: “I’ve had some issues with Robin in the past.” ", "Subtext: “I hate Robin.”", "\n\nMousy just mispronounced mascarpone, one of my major television chef pet peeves. ", "You’re on the shit list, Mousy. ", "I can’t even get indignant when Robin tries to physically prevent her from getting any sparkling water. ", "Because sparkling water? ", "Is going to win it.", "\n\n10:27: Eli is taking front of the house for his team. ", "He puts on a suit. ", "He looks like a 13-year-old trying to be the cool kid at his Bar Miztvah.", "\n\n10:30: Robin: “Michael has asserted his domination.” ", "Which makes me feel like I’m watching Animal Planet. “", "Let’s watch as the younger lion challenges the older lion for control of the pride.”", "\n\nTeam Not Jonah Brothers + Robin have named their restaurant “REVOLT,” except the “E” is backward, because they are playful and revolutionary and totally original. ", "Power Team is opening Mission, which is, sadly, boring as hell.", "\n\n10:33: I cannot take Not Jonah Hill seriously on a normal day. ", "In a suit? ", "THIS SHOW IS TRYING TO KILL ME. ", "His Bar Mitzvah theme: “My Mom Is My Best Friend.”", "\n\nTom Colicchio comes by for some pointless chatting while everyone scurries other than Eli.", "\n\n10:35: Brother 1 to Brother 2: “Don’t be a dick.” ", "Possible or not possible?", "\n\nYou know what I’m loving about this episode? ", "Minimal Weed. ", "It really keeps my crankiness level from getting too out of control. ", "Even Not Jonah Hill isn’t getting to me because I keep picturing all his nerdy friends sucking the helium out of the balloons from the balloon arch at his Bar Mitzvah party.", "\n\n10:45: Did he just say spearmint menthol ice cream? ", "Again, the menthol is not sitting right with me although everyone seems to love it.", "\n\n10:46: Mousy astutely observes that this night is unlike all other nights. ", "Yes, because it’s RESTAURANT WARS.", "\n\nPadma asks for salt, and there’s my Weed! ", "How dare someone want to season his food? ", "He seasoned his food PERFECTLY.", "\n\n10:49: Mousy drops the food and flees with no explanation. ", "Perhaps the mystery is supposed to be part of the experience? ", "Then again, perhaps not.", "\n\nTom, on Shiv, whose sauce has broken: “Her mentor (Eric Ripert) would not be happy with her right now.” ", "Ouch.", "\n\n10:51: I’m scared for Power Team, although the judges did like Yukon’s pork plate. ", "I blame Mousy. ", "Aaaand I’m realizing that we’re in for an hour and fifteen minutes here.", "\n\n10:53: As predicted, no one really runs away with it. ", "Although no one did anything as horrific as Sam’s watermelon and gorgonzola salad from a few seasons ago, so thank god for small mercies.", "\n\n10:55: Commercials: That woman in the Tresemme commercial with the great looking hair? ", "It has no body and it looks greasy. ", "There. ", "Someone had to say it.", "\n\n10:56: Pointless interlude: Mike in the kitchen. ", "So he’s the less dickish one? ", "Seriously, the season’s going to be put to bed and I’m still not going to know.", "\n\nAs of right now, I officially resign myself to never being able to tell which brother is which. ", "Unavoidable, when you never get to look at the screen and let’s face it, they’re both kinda monotone and say assholish things.", "\n\n10:58: Commercials: Brian knows almost all the words to the Glad commercial with the Shaft-esque theme song. ", "Bless his heart.", "\n\n11:00: JUDGE’S TABLE: REVOLT’s up first, and they are the winners, the “best Restaurant wars restaurant in six seasons.”", "\n\nRick Moonen: “I like chicken.” ", "Like the Larry King skit on SNL: “The more I think about it, the more I like chicken.”", "\n\n11:01: Winner: Michael. ", "He gets ten grand, which he graciously decides to split with his team. ", "Except Robin.", "\n\nKidding, even Robin.", "\n\n11:03: Mission gets sent to the judges, but we don’t immediately see what happens because we have to watch the brothers spend an extra few minutes bickering and being bitter about everything the other stands for.", "\n\n11:06: Shiv’s broken sauce almost brings her to tears. ", "How can such a bad ass so consistently be so close to falling apart? ", "I can’t re-nickname so late in the season. ", "I feel the fool. ", "Still, there’s no way she’s going home for it.", "\n\nMousy owns up to doing a terrible job in the front of the house. ", "Please send her home.", "\n\n11:08: The judges have their answer, but we have to go to commercial because we need to drag this out for another 7 minutes.", "\n\n11:12: Is it wrong that I kinda want to see the brothers just let loose and get into a fist fight during the reunion show? ", "And then, when the beat down ended, they could turn on Andy Cohen; I know we’d all like to see that.", "\n\n11:13: There was nothing bad about Weed’s dishes…except that they were cooked by Weed.", "\n\nKNIFED: Mousy. “", "I don’t know that I want to be in a competition for anything with anyone, really.” ", "And you were here because…\n\nNot Jonah Hill is somehow making himself even less likable than last week. “", "This is a great opportunity for me to…” What? ", "Be a good teammate? ", "Show my crazy culinary skills? ", "No. “…", "opportunity for me to make some money.” ", "Not that I’m anti-making-money, but somehow the way he said it made him look even more like a petulant child.", "\n\nI said it last week, Shiv could bite the dust early, and tonight was a perfect example of why: no good under pressure (only brought upon herself), trying to do to much, etc. ", "She might pull a Blais here. ", "Or a Dale, or a Trey…\n\nAnd here is the final way you can tell the brothers apart (besides Bryan being the CUTER one): Michael is the MORE controlling, MORE dickish one. ", "Actually, I think Bryan is way nicer and more level-headed, as well as being a better chef.", "\n\nMe, I would have sent Eli home just for having his undershirt showing and not tucking his real shirt in, fer Christ’s sake. ", "I guess his Mommy shoulda been there to help him with that.", "\n\nThe interlude showing Brother Michael being a total dick but talking about his big heart and how he’s a nice guy and a great leader and how dickish behavior is unacceptable in the kitchen? ", "AWESOME. ", "Totally made up for all the other useless interludes this season.", "\n\nI also appreciated Brother Bryan (aka Not Tony Hawk, aka The Disapprover) calmly observing that his brother’s bad behavior was being rewarded AGAIN and that he wasn’t really interested in participating. ", "Because he’s been seeing it for 30 years. ", "I think he genuinely wants his baby brother to succeed (he’s been thrilled for Bryan’s past wins), but doesn’t want him to be such a fucking punk in the process.", "\n\nI still hate Weed. ", "And Robin.", "\n\nShiv’s gonna die of a heart attack before she’s 40 if she keeps operating at such a high stress level. ", "Girl, go to Canyon Ranch for a week or something.", "\n\nTim, Robin’s restaurant wasn’t so much closed as kicked out of their current building. ", "If you read up on it, it seems to have nothing to do with the quality or success of the restaurant and everything to do with a landlord wanting to do something else there.", "\n\nShiv smokes. ", "I’ve never seen her smoke, but her mouth is all “I smoke a pack a day and also frequently smoke Swisher sweets to get attention from boys.” ", "And her body is the white-trash version of “slammin’,” wherein it’s all thin and flat-stomached and enviable EXCEPT there is something about her knees that say “we are usually employed to hold a bottle of Pabst while the rest of the body floats down a dirty river on a used tire.”", "\n\nI’m starting to become really fond of the Disapprover. ", "I like Beardie, lots. ", "But the Disapprover is just trying to reign in his asshole of a brother. ", "I want to cut him slack.", "\n\nWhat’s the meaning of this?", "\n\nOnce upon a time, I wrote this food blog. ", "It was a pretty great blog, if I do say so myself. ", "I don't write it any more, but all the recipes and hijinx remain available for your cooking and reading pleasure." ]

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[ "GoodDrama for your Android devices - free download\n\nShadow (Movie)\n\nDescription:\n\nSet during China's Three Kingdom's era (AD 220-280). ", "The story of a great king and his people, who will be expelled from their homeland and will aspire to claim it. ", "The king, violent and ambitious, of mysterious methods and motives; his general, a visionary who yearns to win the final battle but needs to prepare his plans in secret; the women of th… moreSet during China's Three Kingdom's era (AD 220-280). ", "The story of a great king and his people, who will be expelled from their homeland and will aspire to claim it. ", "The king, violent and ambitious, of mysterious methods and motives; his general, a visionary who yearns to win the final battle but needs to prepare his plans in secret; the women of the palace, who struggle to find redemption in a world where they have no place; and a commoner called \"Lord of all the world\", will be the characters around who turn the inexorable forces of this story. ", "less" ]

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[ "Catalytic effect of different forms of iron in purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes.", "\nIn the arc plasma jet (APJ) method, a large amount of soot including single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be produced in a short time. ", "However, as-grown soot contains a lot of impurities, such as metallic particles used as catalyst and amorphous carbon. ", "Hence it is necessary to purify the soot to obtain pure SWNTs. ", "The biggest problem in purifying APJ-SWNTs is how to remove the thick amorphous carbon covering the catalyst metal particles. ", "By refluxing APJ-SWNTs in hydrogen peroxide using iron particle as catalyst, it can be purified. ", "The added fine particle of pure iron is found to be effective. ", "Then, we examine whether SWNTs can be purified more effectively by adding solution containing the Fe ion instead of the iron particle. ", "We used iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate, hydrogen peroxide decomposing agent which contains catalase and ammonium iron (II) sulfate hexahydrate. ", "In the case of iron (III) nitrate and catalase, purification effect is not obvious. ", "Under these conditions hydrogen peroxide was decomposed into H2O and O2, and the hydroxyl radical was not generated. ", "On the other hand, ammonium iron (II) sulfate is effective. ", "Because of existence of Fe2+ in solution Fenton's reaction takes place. ", "Reaction rate is increased at high temperature. ", "Therefore, APJ-SWNT is purified more effectively if refluxed in hydrogen peroxide using ammonium iron (II) sulfate as catalyst." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nRead data from database in format row[field] -> value\n\nI got really confused with the database usage in Android. ", "\nI have this database:\nTable name: articles\nFields: id, article, chapterid\ni currently have the below code and use it inside a fragment:\nList<Comment> contents = ((MainActivity)getActivity()).connectRawQueryDB(\"database.sqlite\", \"SELECT * FROM articles WHERE chapterid = 1\");\n\nAnd in my MainActivity\n public List<Comment> connectRawQueryDB(String DB_NAME, String RawQuery) {\n List<Comment> comments = new ArrayList<Comment>();\n\n Cursor cursor = database.rawQuery(RawQuery,null);\n\n cursor.moveToFirst();\n while (!", "cursor.isAfterLast()) {\n Comment comment = cursorToComment(cursor);\n comments.add(comment);\n cursor.moveToNext();\n }\n // make sure to close the cursor\n cursor.close();\n return comments;\n}\n\nprivate Comment cursorToComment(Cursor cursor) {\n Comment comment = new Comment();\n comment.setId(cursor.getLong(0));\n comment.setComment(cursor.getString(1));\n return comment;\n}\n\nWhat i need is to make a query to the database and then output values in the following format:\ne.g. row[article] and get the value of article and from the same query get row[id] and get the value in id field.", "\n\nA:\n\nAdd this method in you dbhandler....\n public ArrayList<Comment> getCommentdata()\n{\n //get db\n SQLiteDatabase db = getWritableDatabase();\n\n ArrayList<Comment> resultCommentList = new ArrayList<Comment>();\n\n String resultQuery = \"select id, article, chapterid from \"+YOUR_TABLE;\n\n Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(resultQuery, null);\n if(cursor.moveToFirst())\n {\n do\n {\n Comment commentObject = new Comment();\n commentObject.setcommentUID(cursor.getInt(0));\n commentObject.setarticle(cursor.getString(1));\n commentObject.setChapterID(cursor.getInt(2));\n resultCommentList.add(commentObject);\n }\n while(cursor.moveToNext());\n }\n\n //close db\n if(db !", "= null)\n db.close();\n\n return resultCommentList;\n}\n\nAnd when yout want to retrive data\n allComent = localDBHelper.getCommentdata();\n\n for(int i = 0; i < allComent .size(); i++)\n{\n int id=allComment.get(i).getcommentUID();\n String =allComment.get(i).getarticle();\n int cid=allComment.get(i).getChapteID();\n\n }\n\n" ]

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[ "Diana West: Clinton provides few answers on Benghazi debacle\n\nBy Diana West, Columnist\n\nThursday, January 31, 2013\n\nOne day, I hope, Hillary Clinton’s Benghazi hearings will stand as testament to the smoke-and-mirrors dangerousness of U.S. foreign policy, circa 2013 -- both as executed by the executive branch of government and as weakly grasped by the legislative branch.", "\n\nDid we learn who in the Obama administration concocted and/or coordinated the story about a totally imaginary video protest that was supposed to have led to the attacks in Benghazi, Libya, on 9/11/12? ", "No.", "\n\nDid we learn why the maker of the so-called anti-Islamic YouTube video clip is the only person in the world in jail for the attacks (for “parole violations”)? ", "No.", "\n\nDid we learn whether it was coincidental that the video-protest lie ended after President Obama blamed the video (six times) in a Sept. 25 address before the United Nations in which he declared, “The future must not belong to those who slander the prophet of Islam”? ", "No.", "\n\nDid we learn anything about the decision-making process that prevented U.S. military relief from being ordered to Benghazi during the seven-hour attack? ", "No.", "\n\nDid we even learn about the official madness that permitted the U.S. government to hire jihadist militias -- the February 17 Martyrs Brigade and Libya Shield -- to secure U.S. lives and interests in the first place?", "\n\nNo, but we did learn that Secretary of State Clinton is now concerned about the “spreading jihadist threat.” ", "This was unexpected news -- not the existence of the threat, or the fact it’s spreading, but rather that Mrs. Clinton was using the word “jihadist.” ", "What was that about?", "\n\nThe Obama administration has worked relentlessly to eradicate “jihad” -- the word, anyway -- by replacing it with the content-free and thus blinding term “violent extremism.” ", "Besides, al-Qaida is dead along with Osama bin Laden, or so the Obama campaign has always told us (hence, one motive for White House lies to the American people that a video -- free speech -- caused the attacks in Benghazi, not terrorists). ", "Did this lurch in lingo indicate a lurch in policy?", "\n\nNo question on that from the good people of Congress.", "\n\nAnd why was Mrs. Clinton warning against allowing Mali, hot spot du jour, to become safe haven for AQIM (al-Qaida in the Maghreb)? ", "It has become such a haven mainly due to Obama-Clinton policies that toppled “war on terror” ally Moammar Gadhafi in Libya. (“", "We came, we saw, he died,” as Clinton unforgettably gloated.) ", "Clinton may be talking up “global jihad” this week, but it’s worth remembering that Gadhafi already was its opponent on the northern African front -- at least until he was killed by U.S.-backed, al Qaida-linked Libyan “rebels.”", "\n\nHow does she square all of that? ", "No questions. ", "Such curiosity, a call for accountability, might expose the Arab Spring, which all too many Democrats and Republicans supported, thus enabling regimes or democracies guided by Islamic law to take power across the Middle East. ", "As far as American liberty goes, what’s the difference between governments guided by Islamic law and global jihadists guided by the same Islamic law? ", "Answer: not much. ", "If Congress were to consider such a concept -- that Islamic law is dangerous, whether advanced by terrorists or governments -- the potential for clarity and creation of a policy in the American interest would become simply too dangerous to contemplate. ", "Dangerous, that is, for the status quo. ", "Maybe that’s why lawmakers, with rare but welcome exceptions, stuck to the unrevealing nuts and bolts of “security.”", "\n\nStill, if they were so worried about security at the Benghazi compound, couldn’t someone have asked Clinton why the suspected head of al-Qaida in Libya, Wissam bin Hamid, leader of Libya Shield, a militia that fought Gadhafi under al-Qaida’s black flag, was one of the U.S. compound’s security providers?", "\n\nAt least one congressman, Republican Rep. Tom Marino of Pennsylvania, did go to the trouble of displaying pictures of black al-Qaida flags recently waving over Libya and the wider Islamic world. ", "He also asked Clinton whether she was aware of the Library of Congress report “Al-Qaida in Libya” (which happens to include the dossier on Wissam bin Hamid and a reported tie to AQIM).", "\n\nClinton’s response was to note the many reports out there -- also the many flags. “", "The United States has to be as effective in partnering with the non-jihadists, whether they fly a black flag or any other color flag, to be successful.”", "\n\nWe’ll never know her answer. ", "Of course, Clinton might well have replied -- as she did when Republican Sen. Ron Johnson asked why the administration said a video-driven protest, not terrorism, caused the Benghazi attacks -- “What difference, at this point, does it make?” ", "It was pure Clinton, Hill or Bill. ", "The ends always justify the means.", "\n\nWe still don’t even know what reason the late Ambassador Chris Stevens had to be in the lightly protected compound in Benghazi on the Sept. 11 anniversary.", "\n\nRepublican Sen. Rand Paul of Kentucky, however, did open an important, possibly related line of questioning. ", "He asked: “Is the U.S. involved with any procuring of weapons, transfer of weapons, buying, selling, anyhow transferring weapons to Turkey out of Libya?”", "\n\n“To Turkey?” ", "Clinton said, after a pause. “", "I will have to take that question for the record. ", "Nobody has ever raised that with me.” ", "Paul continued, noting news reports regarding ships leaving Libya with arms bound for Turkey and eventually the “rebels” in Syria. ", "If this is true, we’re looking at the “gun-walking” scandal known as Fast and Furious on an exponential scale.", "\n\nPaul then asked whether the CIA annex in Benghazi was “involved with procuring, buying, selling, obtaining weapons, and were any of these weapons being transferred to other countries, any countries, Turkey included?”", "\n\n“Well, senator, you’ll have to direct that question to the agency that ran the annex,” Clinton said. “", "I will see what information is available.”", "\n\n“You’re saying you don’t know?” ", "asked Paul.", "\n\n“I do not know,” Clinton said. “", "I don’t have any information on that.”", "\n\nThat’s funny. ", "House Speaker John Boehner does. ", "Following Clinton’s testimony, Boehner told radio host Laura Ingraham that he was familiar with “the chatter about this (arms story) and the fact that these arms were moving toward Turkey.” ", "He continued: “But most of what I know about this came from a classified source and I really can’t elaborate on it.”", "\n\nIs it possible that Speaker Boehner received a classified briefing that the secretary of state did not? ", "Or did Clinton just tell a lie?", "\n\nThe Senate should invite her back and find out.", "\n\nDiana West is the author of “The Death of the Grown-up: How America’s Arrested Development Is Bringing Down Western Civilization,” and blogs at dianawest.net. ", "She can be contacted via dianawest@verizon.net. ", "Follow her on Twitter @diana_west" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nselect entire value of a cell using VBA\n\nI have a column full of data with multiple lines inside a single cell like below:\n\nI am looping through all the cells in the column and I have to select values inside every cell and search it in another sheet.", "I know i can split the cell value using the Split() function in vba.", "\nBut where I am struck is I am unable to select the whole value of the cell and parse it as input to the split () function. ", "Here is my sample code where i am struck:\n For Each C in Range (\"A1:A\" & ltrow)\n If C.Value <> \"\" Then\n SrcStrng = C.Value\n TextArray () = Split(SrcStrng)\n .....\n ........\n .....\n\nThe problem I face here is in SrcStrng only the first value inside the cell for example in the first cell only t#234 is getting stored, so in split string only that is passed and it is not split properly, so I am unable to search t*567. ", "It happens for every cell.", "\nAnd also in the third cell, i want to parse only the value t#345 inside the loop for searching, neglecting L1:, I am struck with that too.", "\nCould someone help me with this please.", "\n\nA:\n\nHere is an example to show how this can be done. ", "Use chr(10) as delimiter\nSub t()\n Dim str As String\n str = Range(\"A1\").Value\n\n Dim parts As Variant\n parts = Split(str, Chr(10))\n\n For i = LBound(parts) To UBound(parts)\n MsgBox (parts(i))\n Next i\nEnd Sub\n\n" ]

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[ "U.S. power grids and other civilian infrastructure are not prepared for electromagnetic pulses that could result from weapons or violent space weather, according to testimony at a congressional subcommittee hearing Wednesday.", "\n\nPanelists at the House Homeland Security Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Protection and Security Technologies, told Chairman Dan Lungren R-Calif., that there were serious flaws in the nation’s infrastructure that could allow for EMP events to shut down power and communications for extended periods of time.", "\n\n“Our civilian grid, which the Defense Department relies upon for 99 percent of its electricity needs, is vulnerable to these kinds of dangers,” Rep. Trent Franks, R-Ariz., testified during the hearing. ", "Franks, one of the leaders of the Congressional EMP Caucus, sponsored legislation in 2011 to protect U.S. infrastructure in the event of an attack by an EMP weapon.", "\n\nMichael Aimone, a director of business enterprise integration at Defense, said the Pentagon had pursued a “two-track approach” to mitigate the impact an EMP attack could have on Defense facilities. ", "He said his plan relied on both in-house capabilities to maintain power and electronics and a means to communicate and coordinate with outside partners.", "\n\n“DoD recently adopted an explicit mission assurance strategy, which is focused on ensuring operational continuity in an all-hazard threat environment,” Aimone said.", "\n\nEMP disruptions and attacks can be triggered by various events, including high-altitude or low-altitude nuclear weapons detonations, locally based radio frequency weapons, and solar weather. ", "One of the largest impacts from an EMP-based disruption was in Quebec in 1989, when nearly 6 million people lost power because of a geomagnetic storm.", "\n\nBrandon Wales, of the Homeland Security Department’s National Protection and Programs Directorate, said DHS was working with federal agencies on contingency plans for an EMP event. ", "He said Federal Emergency Management Agency was establishing lines of communication with key agencies in case an EMP event occurs, and that Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano had commissioned a report in 2011 to study the impact of space-based EMP attacks.", "\n\n“DHS has pursued a deeper understanding of the EMP threat, as well as its potential impacts, effective mitigation strategies, and a greater level of public awareness and readiness in cooperation with other federal agencies and private equipment and system owners and operators through various communications channels,” Wales said.", "\n\nCommon standards for power grid equipment are a major issue according to Joseph McClelland, director of the Office of Electric Reliability at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. ", "He said current standards to protect infrastructure and equipment do not address the many levels within the power grid and should be updated.", "\n\n“Protecting the electric generation, transmission and distribution systems from severe damage due to an EMP-related event would involve vulnerability assessments at every level of electric infrastructure,” McClelland said.", "\n\nChris Beck, president of the Electric Infrastructure Security Council, said the cost of protecting key infrastructure from EMP attacks was small, and added the bigger problem was getting the word out about the issue.", "\n\n“The primary needs seem to be for education to increase awareness and willingness to address the problem, and for coordination to address the complex government and corporate administrative structures of even the most critical infrastructures,” Beck said.", "\n\nPublic interest in EMPs piqued during the Republican primaries, when former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich explained the threat of the EMP weapons during his stump speeches. ", "He issued a statement following a recent severe storm in the Washington area, saying the power outages were just a taste of what the scenario following EMP weapon would be like." ]

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[ "/*\n * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER.", "\n *\n * Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Oracle and/or its affiliates. ", "All rights reserved.", "\n *\n * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of either the GNU\n * General Public License Version 2 only (\"GPL\") or the Common Development\n * and Distribution License(\"CDDL\") (collectively, the \"License\"). ", " You\n * may not use this file except in compliance with the License. ", " You can\n * obtain a copy of the License at\n * https://oss.oracle.com/licenses/CDDL+GPL-1.1\n * or LICENSE.txt. ", " See the License for the specific\n * language governing permissions and limitations under the License.", "\n *\n * When distributing the software, include this License Header Notice in each\n * file and include the License file at LICENSE.txt.", "\n *\n * GPL Classpath Exception:\n * Oracle designates this particular file as subject to the \"Classpath\"\n * exception as provided by Oracle in the GPL Version 2 section of the License\n * file that accompanied this code.", "\n *\n * Modifications:\n * If applicable, add the following below the License Header, with the fields\n * enclosed by brackets [] replaced by your own identifying information:\n * \"Portions Copyright [year] [name of copyright owner]\"\n *\n * Contributor(s):\n * If you wish your version of this file to be governed by only the CDDL or\n * only the GPL Version 2, indicate your decision by adding \"[Contributor]\n * elects to include this software in this distribution under the [CDDL or GPL\n * Version 2] license.\" ", " If you don't indicate a single choice of license, a\n * recipient has the option to distribute your version of this file under\n * either the CDDL, the GPL Version 2 or to extend the choice of license to\n * its licensees as provided above. ", " However, if you add GPL Version 2 code\n * and therefore, elected the GPL Version 2 license, then the option applies\n * only if the new code is made subject to such option by the copyright\n * holder.", "\n */\n\npackage org.glassfish.jersey.tests.e2e.server.validation;\n\nimport javax.ws.rs.", "Consumes;\nimport javax.ws.rs.", "FormParam;\nimport javax.ws.rs.", "POST;\nimport javax.ws.rs.", "Produces;\nimport javax.ws.rs.container.", "ResourceContext;\nimport javax.ws.rs.core.", "Context;\n\nimport javax.validation.", "Valid;\nimport javax.validation.constraints.", "NotNull;\nimport javax.validation.executable.", "ExecutableType;\nimport javax.validation.executable.", "ValidateOnExecution;\n\nimport org.hibernate.validator.constraints.", "Email;\n\n/**\n * @author Michal Gajdos\n */\n@NonEmptyNames\n@ValidateOnExecution(type = ExecutableType.", "ALL)\npublic class BasicSubResource {\n\n @NotNull\n @FormParam(\"firstName\")\n private String firstName;\n\n @NotNull\n @FormParam(\"lastName\")\n private String lastName;\n\n private String email;\n\n /**\n * Note: Constructor input parameter should not be validated.", "\n */\n @SuppressWarnings(\"UnusedParameters\")\n public BasicSubResource(@NotNull @Context final ResourceContext resourceContext) {\n }\n\n @FormParam(\"email\")\n public void setEmail(String email) {\n this.email = email;\n }\n\n @NotNull\n @Email(regexp = \"[a-zA-Z0-9._%-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,4}\")\n public String getEmail() {\n return email;\n }\n\n public String getFirstName() {\n return firstName;\n }\n\n public String getLastName() {\n return lastName;\n }\n\n @POST\n @Consumes(\"application/x-www-form-urlencoded\")\n @Produces(\"application/contactBean\")\n @Valid\n public ContactBean postContactValidationBean() {\n final ContactBean contactBean = new ContactBean();\n contactBean.setName(firstName + \" \" + lastName);\n contactBean.setEmail(getEmail());\n return contactBean;\n }\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Q:\n\nPreference does not depend on wealth\n\nIn a country its citizens can invest in pooled investment tax-efficient\nsavings schemes, known as PITS. ", "IIn one tax year, a citizen can choose only one PITS provider, and can invest a maximum of 10,000 euros. ", "On 1 April there are two PITS providers: the Central Bank, offering a guaranteed return of $2\\%$ per annum, and Aries Investment Management, offering a fund with a random return X, where $X \\sim U(0, 6\\frac{2}{3}\\%)$.\na) A person with utility function $u(w) = 1 - e^{-0.0015w}$ seeks to maximize\nhis utility. ", "Show that his preference does not depend on the initial wealth $w_0$.\nb) If forced to invest his wealth on 1 April, which investor would he choose?", "\nSo how is a) even true? ", "I guess it is meant to consider lotteries $w_0(1+T)$ where $T$ is a random variable. ", "But clearly $\\mathbb{E}[u((1+T)w_0)] = 1 - \\mathbb{E}[e^{-0.0015(1+T)w_0}]$'s maximization depends on $w_0$ (we cannot take it out of the expectation or sth, as we would have been able to with $\\log$ or $w^{const}$ functions.", "\nAnd for b) when I write down the utilities in both cases (in the certain return one it is $1-e^{-0.0153w_0}$, in the second one - $1 + e^{-0.015w_0}\\frac{e^{-0.001w_0}-1}{0.001w_0}$ and compare them, Wolfram Alpha gives that the first is bigger for some $w_0$-s and the other one for the others... What should I do?", "\nAny help appreciated!", "\n\nA:\n\nThis type of utilility function implies constant absolute risk aversion. ", "The absolute amount that the investor would pay to avoid risk is related to the so-called coefficient of risk aversion, which for initial wealth $W_0$, is given by\n$$\\gamma = - \\frac{u''(W_0)}{u'(W_0)} = - \\frac{(0.0015)^2e^{-0.0015W_0}}{-0.0015 e^{-0.0015 W_0}} = 0.0015$$\nNotice that the coefficient is constant and independent of the level of wealth $W_0$.\nTo show that $\\gamma$ is related to the quantity paid to avoid risk, consider a fair gamble paying $G = \\pm \\,\\epsilon$ where $\\displaystyle P(G=\\epsilon ) = P(G = -\\epsilon) = \\frac{1}{2}.$ \nWith initial wealth $W_0$ and utility function $u$, the amount $\\delta$ the investor will pay to avoid the gamble is determined by\n$$u(W_0 - \\delta) = E[u(W_0+G)]=\\frac{1}{2}u(W_0 +\\epsilon) + \\frac{1}{2}u(W_0- \\epsilon).$$\nUsing the Taylor expansion for u around $W_0$ we have\n$$u(W_0) -u'(W_0)\\delta + \\frac{1}{2} u''(W_0)\\delta^2 + \\ldots \\\\ = \\frac{1}{2} [u(W_0) +u'(W_0)\\epsilon + \\frac{1}{2} u''(W_0)\\epsilon^2 + \\ldots ] \\\\ +\\frac{1}{2} [u(W_0) -u'(W_0)\\epsilon + \\frac{1}{2} u''(W_0)\\epsilon^2 + \\ldots ] \\\\ = u(W_0) + \\frac{1}{2}u''(W_0) \\epsilon^2 + \\ldots $$\nSolving for $\\delta$ for small $\\epsilon$ we get\n$$\\delta \\approx \\frac{\\epsilon^2}{2}\\left[- \\frac{u''(W_0)}{u'(W_0)} \\right] = \\gamma \\frac{\\epsilon^2}{2}$$\nSelecting the investment with optimal expected utility\nThe utility function is $u(W) = 1 - e^{-\\alpha W}$ where $\\alpha = 0.0015$ and the initial wealth is $W_0 = 10000$.\nThe first investment offers a guaranteed return of $r = 2 \\%$ with terminal wealth $W_0(1 + r)$ and utility\n$$U_1 = u(W_0(1+r)) = 1 - e^{-\\alpha W_0} e^{-\\alpha W_0 r}$$\nThe second (risky) investment offers a random terminal wealth of $W_0(1+x)$ where $x$ is uniformly distributed in the interval $(0,b) = (0,6\\frac{2}{3}\\%)$ and expected utility\n$$U_2 = E(u(W_0(1+x)) = 1 - \\frac{1}{b}\\int_0^b e^{-\\alpha W_0} e^{-\\alpha W_0(1+x)} \\, dx \\\\ = 1 - e^{-\\alpha W_0}\\frac{1 - e^{-\\alpha W_0 b}}{\\alpha W_0 b} $$\nWe have $U_1 < U_2$ if and only if\n$$1 - e^{-\\alpha W_0} e^{-\\alpha W_0 r} < 1 - e^{-\\alpha W_0}\\frac{1 - e^{-\\alpha W_0 b}}{\\alpha W_0 b}\\\\ \\iff -e^{-\\alpha W_0 r} < -\\frac{1 - e^{-\\alpha W_0 b}}{\\alpha W_0 b}$$\nUsing Taylor expansions, it follows that $U_1 < U_2$ if and only if \n$$-(1 - \\alpha W_0r +\\mathcal{O}(r^2)) < - \\frac{1 - (1 - \\alpha W_0 b + \\frac{1}{2} \\alpha^2 W_0^2 b^2 + \\mathcal{O}(b^3))}{\\alpha W_0 b} \\\\ \\iff -1+\\alpha W_0 r +\\mathcal{O}(r^2) < -1 + \\frac{1}{2}\\alpha W_0 b +\\mathcal{O}(b^2)\\\\ \\iff \\alpha W_0 r +\\mathcal{O}(r^2) < \\frac{1}{2}\\alpha W_0 b + \\mathcal{O}(b^2)$$\nNeglecting the (small) second-order terms we have initial wealth canceling from both sides of the inequality to obtain\n$$U_1 < U_2 \\iff r < \\frac{b}{2}$$\nIn this case, $r = 2\\%$ is less than $b/2 = 3\\frac{1}{3}\\%$ and the risky investment is preferred.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Wygoda Mikołajewska\n\nWygoda Mikołajewska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lutomiersk, within Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. ", "It lies approximately south of Lutomiersk, north-west of Pabianice, and west of the regional capital Łódź.", "\n\nThe village has a population of 70.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Villages in Pabianice County" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to display list categories in wordpress integration magento\n\nCan help somebody. ", "I spent several hours to find solution but without results\nI tried to display the list of categories on homepage wordpress blog thru following code\n<?", "php $category = Mage::registry('wordpress_category') ?", ">\n<?", "php if ($category): ?", ">\n<?", "php echo $category->getId() ?", ">: <?", "php echo $category->getName() ?", ">\n<?", "php endif; ?", "> \n\nBut the method \nMage::registry('wordpress_category') \n\nalways return null. ", "\nI found that, i should probably be using the Fishpig_Wordpress_Block_Category_View. ", "But i dont know where i should put it.", "\n\nA:\n\nThe following code will retrieve the current category when viewing a category page in your blog:\n<?", "php Mage::registry('wordpress_category') ?", ">\n\nThis is not what you need. ", "To view a list of categories, you could create a custom collection using the following:\n<?", "php $categories = Mage::getResourceModel('wordpress/post_category_collection') ?", ">\n\nA better way would be to use the category widget block:\n<block type=\"wordpress/sidebar_widget_categories\" name=\"wp.categories\" template=\"wordpress/sidebar/widget/categories.phtml\" />\n\nYou can create this in PHP using the following code:\n<?", "php echo Mage::getSingleton('core/layout')\n ->createBlock('wordpress/sidebar_widget_categories')\n ->setTemplate('wordpress/sidebar/widget/categories.phtml')\n ->toHtml() ?", ">\n\nThe above code uses the default template, however, feel free to use your own custom template.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Do you like disc golf? ", "Do you like fantasy sports?", "\n\nA great way to get more out of your professional disc golf viewing experience is to play fantasy disc golf. ", "A ten person fantasy disc golf league can be easily played on facebook, but that requires lots of manual updating. ", "When our development is done this site will have the resources to automatically run, manage, and maximize your fantasy disc golf experience with details including tournaments, courses, player stats, competitions, and prizes. ", "Get informed decisions to help you make the best fantasy picks. ", "Also find out fun information about the top pros including what golf discs they currently throw and are in their bags.", "\n\nThis website is under development, but we hope to have a complete and comprehensive fantasy disc golf experience available before the 2020 disc golf season. ", "Until then make sure you follow the hottest professional disc golfers and the Disc Golf Pro Tour.", "\n\nIf you’re looking for a way to play online fantasy disc golf now, SkipAce.com is an excellent platform that is really easy to use and creates a fun way to get more engaged with and better follow your favorite fantasy disc golfers.", "\n\nDiscraft Roster" ]

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[ "# coding=utf-8\n# *** WARNING: this file was generated by the Pulumi Terraform Bridge (tfgen) Tool. ***", "\n# *** Do not edit by hand unless you're certain you know what you are doing! ***", "\n\n# Export this package's modules as members:\nfrom .broker import *\nfrom .configuration import *\nfrom .get_broker import *\nfrom ._inputs import *\nfrom . ", "import outputs\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "1. ", "Technical Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to systems, devices and method that facilitate electronic commerce transactions.", "\n2. ", "Description of Related Art\nConsumers, product and service merchants, purchasing and sales agents, suppliers, manufacturers, credit card and debit card companies and banks have all seen process improvements including improved payment processes due to advances in electronic commerce technology. ", "Buyers can now find desired products through Internet searches and can purchase goods and services through secure online channels. ", "Transactions may be processed almost instantly leading to faster delivery of the purchased item, media content, or service.", "\nOne aspect of such transactions is the common concern of theft of payment account information. ", "Accordingly, e-commerce systems typically include, when the user chooses to make a purchase, the establishment of an encrypted tunnel between the merchant and the customer so that payment account information may be transmitted safely. ", "Typically, a secure page is provided to the customer to prompt the customer to enter a payment account number and other required account information. ", "A merchant server then validates the account information as a part of completing the transaction. ", "Thereafter, a purchase confirmation is generated in one of a variety of formats to the customer.", "\nIn addition to the advances in e-commerce, the Internet is also changing the way that television is being watched. ", "As Internet storage capacity and throughput have increased, and user terminal memory and data processing technology has advanced, media servers now deliver streaming video at a data rate that provides resolution and quality comparable to broadcast/cable/satellite television. ", "Media servers now transmit streaming video having content similar to that provided by prior television services.", "\nAlong similar lines, Internet Protocol television boxes have been developed that support the display of streamed media and other data received over the Internet on a television. ", "Accordingly, the manner in which television and other media content are delivered may undergo a dramatic change and may even result in a decoupling of program scheduling and viewer enjoyment. ", "Moreover, the interactive nature of personal computers and other Internet Protocol based systems may allow for more interaction between a user and the media and advertisements viewed on a display device.", "\nAs is known, advertisements displayed on a computer terminal include tags that are used to track user interest and to give credit to a particular web page provider for generating a positive response to the advertisement. ", "While television advertisements are unidirectional broadcasts and provide no direct feedback that allows a merchant or television broadcaster to determine consumer interest, Internet based advertisements are interactive as associated scripts are operable to indicate whether a user selected an advertisement for closer review and even whether the user purchased a product in response to the advertisement using the e-commerce transaction technology mentioned before. ", "E-commerce and its payment processes, however, are currently setup to only support transactions that result from shopping activities in a physical or virtual store that often result from the unidirectional broadcast advertisements and web-based product and service searches.", "\nFIG. ", "1 is a functional diagram that illustrates a payment card authorization process that can support a typical e-commerce transaction according to the prior art. ", "As may be seen, a cardholder initially presents a payment card to a merchant. ", "Specifically, the card is presented to a point of sale terminal or, as described previously, the account information is presented to the terminal through secured data entry over the Internet. ", "Thereafter, the merchant produces card and payment information to an acquirer server. ", "An acquirer is a payment card association member that initiates and maintains relationships with merchants that accept payment cards. ", "Thereafter, the acquirer server produces an authorization request to a payment card company for review. ", "The payment card company then sends the authorization request for review to the appropriate payment card issuer. ", "The payment card issuer then issues an approval or denial that is propagated back to the merchant." ]

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[ "I have lived in the world of grief for months. ", "It’s a lonely world where grief becomes your friend, as its existence is the only other existence that you’re truly aware of. ", "My grief takes the form of two characters. ", "First there’s The Wave. ", "I first felt The Wave when walking down the road as I returned from the local shops. ", "I felt my shopping bags getting heavier and my legs had started to slow down. ", "Each step became mammoth, forcing me to stand still and feel the pain of losing my mother wash over me. ", "The second character of my grief I’ve named The Bruiser. ", "The Bruiser is a seven-foot tall sweaty wrestler who won’t let me get through the day without a fight. ", "Taking advantage of my weakened state, I’m regularly in the ring with the Bruiser, he wrestles with my already broken body until I have no fight and succumb to the full-on gut-wrenching pain of loss. ", "I lie on the floor, The Bruiser has me in a headlock and I scream in pain. ", "My mother has died." ]

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[ " COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA\n\n\nPresent: Judges Benton, Elder and Beales\nArgued at Alexandria, Virginia\n\n\nYURI ISIDORO SASSON MOSCONA\n OPINION BY\n v. Record Nos. ", "1684-06-4 and JUDGE JAMES W. BENTON, JR.", "\n 3211-06-4 AUGUST 21, 2007\n\nDANA SHENHAR\n\n\n FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FAIRFAX COUNTY\n Randy I. Bellows, Judge\n\n Lawrence D. Diehl (Richard E. Crouch; John Crouch; Barnes &\n Diehl; Crouch & Crouch, on briefs), for appellant.", "\n\n Christopher B. Ashby (Stephen M. Sayers; Michael E. Kinney;\n Hunton & Williams, LLP, on briefs), for appellee.", "\n\n\n In a proceeding under the Hague Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child\n\nAbduction (Hague Convention), Oct. 25, 1980, T.I.A.S. No. ", "11, 670, 19 I.L.M. 1501, as\n\nimplemented by the International Child Abduction Remedies Act (ICARA), 42 USC §§ 11601 to\n\n11611, the trial judge ruled that Yuri Isidoro Sasson Moscona (Sasson) failed to prove (i) Dana\n\nShenhar, his wife, wrongfully removed or retained their child within the meaning of the Hague\n\nConvention and (ii) Spain was the habitual residence of their child. ", "Sasson appeals from that\n\ndecision and, in a second appeal, also contests the trial judge’s order for him to return the parties’\n\nchild to the United States, for him to pay attorney’s fees, and finding him in contempt of court.", "\n\nBecause the two appeals involve related factual and legal issues, we consolidated them for\n\npurposes of oral argument and decision.", "\n\n Shenhar has responded to each of Sasson’s issues and has moved to dismiss the appeals,\n\narguing, in part, that Sasson is a fugitive from justice in the context of these civil cases. ", "In light\n\fof Sasson’s refusal to recognize the authority of the Virginia judicial system and to comply with\n\nthe trial judge’s order, we hold he cannot seek relief from the same judicial system whose\n\nauthority he evades, and we dismiss the appeals.", "\n\n Background\n\n These appeals arise from a dispute concerning the parties’ only child. ", "The following\n\nfacts and circumstances are essentially undisputed. ", "The father, Yuri Sasson, has Mexican\n\ncitizenship. ", "The mother, Dana Shenhar, has dual United States and Israeli citizenship. ", "In 1997,\n\nprior to their marriage, Shenhar lived in the United States and Sasson moved to Florida while\n\nworking for a French company. ", "Following their marriage in Mexico on September 26, 1999,\n\nthey lived in Florida for three years. ", "Their son was born there on March 21, 2002; he is both a\n\nUnited States citizen and a Mexican citizen and has passports from both countries.", "\n\n The family moved from Florida to Switzerland in July of 2002 to accommodate Sasson’s\n\npromotion, and they lived there for two years. ", "After Sasson’s employment in Switzerland ended,\n\nhe decided to open a business exporting Spanish wines to the United States. ", "The family entered\n\nSpain in September of 2004 with tourist status. ", "Sasson and Shenhar began to experience marital\n\nproblems in Spain and separated in early July 2005. ", "On October 22, 2005, Shenhar left Spain\n\nwith the child and traveled to Fairfax, Virginia, where she lives with her parents.", "\n\n In November 2005, Sasson filed a petition in the Fairfax Juvenile and Domestic Relations\n\nDistrict Court under the Hague Convention to compel the child’s return, petitioned for expedited\n\nenforcement of a registered foreign custody order, and filed an emergency motion for physical\n\ncustody of the child to prevent removal. ", "A day later, Shenhar filed a bill of complaint in the\n\nCircuit Court of Fairfax County for separate maintenance and custody. ", "In this complaint, she\n\nasked the court to enjoin both parties from removing the child from the state. ", "The circuit court\n\n\n\n\n -2-\n\fjudge issued an ex parte order, granting Shenhar temporary custody of the child and issuing a\n\npendente lite injunction against the removal of the child from the state and the country.", "\n\n Shenhar also filed a special appearance objecting to the juvenile court’s jurisdiction over\n\nthe custody and visitation issues. ", "The juvenile court granted a stay while the circuit court\n\nconsidered Shenhar’s bill of complaint. ", "After Sasson filed a motion in the circuit court to\n\ndismiss the custody case for lack of jurisdiction, the circuit court judge remanded to the juvenile\n\ncourt the “child custody litigation which is part of . . . ", "the separate maintenance complaint.”", "\n\nWhile the proceeding was pending in juvenile court, the parties signed an agreement governing\n\ntemporary visitation rights with the child and providing “they will not remove [the child] from\n\nthe United States pending this litigation.” ", "The juvenile court judge signed the agreement as an\n\norder.", "\n\n After an evidentiary hearing, the juvenile court judge entered an order on January 24,\n\n2006, finding that the child was a habitual resident of Spain, that the Spanish custody order had\n\nnot been served on Shenhar prior to her removal of the child to the United States, that both\n\nparties had shared custody of the child while they lived in Spain, and that Shenhar wrongfully\n\nremoved the child from Spain. ", "The juvenile judge ordered Shenhar to return the child to Sasson\n\nand further ordered that “the child shall return to Spain in the care of the father immediately.”", "\n\nShenhar complied with the order, but appealed to the Circuit Court of Fairfax County, which\n\nconducted de novo proceedings as required by Code § 16.1-136.", "\n\n At the de novo proceedings in circuit court, the parties gave conflicting accounts of their\n\nintentions and the events occurring in Spain. ", "Their testimony was in dispute on many significant\n\nmatters. ", "At the conclusion of the evidentiary hearing, the trial judge issued a thirty-page opinion\n\nletter in which he found Shenhar’s testimony to be more credible on most issues in dispute and\n\nruled Sasson failed to prove (i) Shenhar wrongfully removed or retained their child and (ii) Spain\n\n -3-\n\fwas the place where the child was a habitual resident. ", "Under our established standard of review,\n\nwe, therefore, recite the evidence in the light most favorable to Shenhar, who prevailed at trial.", "\n\nSee Johnson v. Johnson, 26 Va. App. ", "135, 144, 493 S.E.2d 668, 672 (1997).", "\n\n Shenhar testified that when the parties moved from Florida to Switzerland in 2002, it was\n\ntheir intention to return to the United States “within the next several years.” ", "After sixteen\n\nmonths in Switzerland, Sasson and his employer experienced difficulties and began negotiating a\n\nfinancial severance from his employment. ", "Sasson and Shenhar remained in Switzerland for nine\n\nmonths pending settlement of this issue, and they discussed relocating. ", "Sasson testified he\n\nwanted to start a wine brokerage business in Spain. ", "Shenhar said they intended to be in Spain “a\n\nfew months” to establish contacts for exporting wines to the United States and return to the\n\nUnited States, where Shenhar is a licensed veterinarian. ", "The trial judge found, as Shenhar\n\ntestified, that the parties discussed a temporary move to Spain that “was to last just long enough\n\nfor Sasson to establish his business, at which point the family was to return to the United States.”", "\n\nIndeed, the trial judge noted that Sasson began visiting a therapist two months after they arrived\n\nin Spain due to growing tension in their marriage, including “Shenhar’s desire to return to the\n\nUnited States with the family.”", "\n\n The family arrived in Spain in September 2004 and initially lived with Sasson’s parents,\n\nwho also own a residence in the United States. ", "Several months later, Sasson and Shenhar moved\n\nto an apartment. ", "When they arrived in Spain, they enrolled the child, then two years old, in\n\nnursery school. ", "As the trial judge noted, the marriage began to deteriorate.", "\n\n After they entered Spain on tourist visas, Sasson paid an attorney to arrange for the\n\nfamily’s permanent residency in Spain. ", "Sasson testified he first met with an attorney in June\n\n2004, before they entered Spain, for the purpose of applying for residency in Spain. ", "Shenhar\n\ntestified, however, she did not learn of Sasson’s efforts to obtain Spanish residency on their\n\n -4-\n\fbehalf until the summer of 2005. ", "The trial judge credited Shenhar’s testimony, found that\n\nSasson hid these matters from Shenhar, and found these actions constituted “additional evidence\n\nthat there was no agreement between the parties to make the move to Spain permanent.” ", "The\n\ntrial judge found that despite the earlier discussions between the parties about returning to the\n\nUnited States, Sasson “secretly harbored the desire to move permanently to Spain.”", "\n\n Shenhar traveled to the United States in January of 2005 to attend a veterinary conference\n\nin order to keep her veterinary license current. ", "When Shenhar returned to Spain, she and Sasson\n\ndiscussed his lack of success with the wine business, and she informed Sasson that she wanted to\n\nreturn to the United States with the child. ", "According to Shenhar, Sasson assured her the business\n\nwould succeed and said he needed more time. ", "Sasson also told her: “I would use my last breath\n\nof fresh air, my last [drop] of [blood], my last penny, in order to avoid her taking my child away\n\nfrom me.” ", "The next morning, without Shenhar’s knowledge, Sasson removed the child’s United\n\nStates passport, birth certificates, and social security documents from the safe in their apartment.", "\n\nSasson testified he removed the documents specifically to prevent Shenhar from taking the child\n\nto the United States. ", "In April 2005, Shenhar discovered the documents were missing.", "\n\n The parties separated in June 2005. ", "After their separation, Shenhar remained in the\n\napartment they had shared, and Sasson moved to a nearby apartment. ", "When the lease on her\n\napartment expired, Shenhar moved to a motel with weekly rentals. ", "Shenhar testified she could\n\nnot legally work in Spain, did not speak Spanish, and only managed to meet her living expenses\n\nwith financial help from her parents.", "\n\n In July 2005, Sasson’s attorney filed residency and work permit petitions for Sasson in\n\nSpain. ", "Several days later, Sasson filed an ex parte petition in the Spanish court, seeking various\n\nremedies including establishing the child’s domicile in Spain, preventing the removal of the child\n\nfrom Spain without Sasson’s or judicial approval, and sending notices to consulates prohibiting\n\n -5-\n\fthe issuance of passports to the child. ", "Shenhar did not receive notice of any of the petitions.", "\n\nAfter other disputes between the parties, Shenhar went to the United States embassy, obtained a\n\nreplacement passport for the child, and traveled with the child to Fairfax County, Virginia, where\n\nher parents reside. ", "Sasson acknowledged that the order issued by the Spanish court was not\n\nserved on Shenhar, but testified he told Shenhar about the order before she left Spain with the\n\nchild. ", "The trial judge credited Shenhar’s testimony that Sasson did not inform her of the court\n\norder and that she felt “trapped” in Spain. ", "The trial judge found that “[Shenhar’s] stay in Spain\n\nbetween April and October was coerced” and that “[s]hort of abandoning her child, she was not\n\nfree to leave.”", "\n\n In a lengthy opinion letter and accompanying order issued June 16, 2006, the trial judge\n\nmade numerous factual findings, including the following:\n\n [T]he child was two years old when taken to Spain and three years\n old when removed from Spain . . . .", "\n\n . . . ", "Sasson misled Shenhar regarding his true intentions. ", "This\n Court found that the parties expressly agreed to make a temporary\n move to Spain so that Sasson could set up his business, at which\n time the family would return to the United States. ", "Shenhar\n expected the trip to last a few months. ", "This Court has also found,\n however, that Sasson secretly intended the move to Spain to be\n permanent . . . . ", "This Court finds that what Sasson and Shenhar\n agreed upon expressly and explicitly ― to wit, that the move to\n Spain was temporary and was to last only so long as it took for\n Sasson to set up his business, at which point the family would\n return to the United States ― represents their shared parental\n intent.", "\n\n When Sasson removed and hid [the child’s] passport, he\n engaged in an act of coercion against Shenhar and, through\n Shenhar, on [the child]. ", "Specifically, he forced [the child] to\n remain in Spain against the will of his mother, a person who under\n Spanish law shared custodial rights, including, of course, the right\n to fix the child’s place of residence. ", "That coercion began on April\n 10, 2005, when Shenhar discovered that [the child’s] passport had\n been hidden by Sasson, and ended on October 22, 2005, when\n Shenhar and [the child] returned to the United States. ", "The two\n most immediate and direct impacts of this coercion is that it\n\n -6-\n\f extended [the child’s] stay in Spain by more than six months,\n thereby giving Sasson an additional six months in which to\n establish that [the child] had become acclimatized to Spain, and\n also insuring that [the child] would be living in Spain at the time\n Sasson filed his petition in the Spanish courts for custody of [the\n child] in July 2005.", "\n\n The trial judge ruled that, under the Hague Convention and ICARA, Sasson had the\n\nburden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, Shenhar had wrongfully removed or\n\nretained their child. ", "He ruled Sasson could meet this burden by proving: “(1) that he held ‘rights\n\nof custody’ to [the child] under the laws of Spain; (2) that he was actually exercising those rights\n\nat the time of removal; and (3) that [the child] was ‘habitually resident’ in Spain immediately\n\nbefore he was removed by Shenhar to the United States.” ", "See Humphrey v. Humphrey, 434 F.3d\n\n243, 246 (4th Cir. ", "2006). ", "The trial judge found that the parties had equal rights of custody and\n\nthat Sasson was exercising his rights of custody when Shenhar brought the child to the United\n\nStates. ", "Therefore, Sasson had proved (1) and (2) above. ", "The trial judge also ruled, however, that\n\n“Sasson . . . ", "failed to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that [the] child was ‘habitually\n\nresident’ in Spain immediately before he was removed to the United States.”", "\n\n The trial judge based this latter ruling on three factors. ", "First, the parties did not have a\n\nshared parental intention to make Spain the family’s home permanently, indefinitely, or even for\n\na prolonged duration. ", "Indeed, the judge found “that the shared intent of the parties was to make\n\nSpain a temporary residence before they returned to the United States” and that shared parental\n\nintentions “are enormously influential in determining whether a child [of age two] was in\n\nhabitual residence.” ", "Second, the evidence failed to prove the child “became acclimatized in\n\nSpain or ‘settled’ in Spain.” ", "Citing thirteen facts and circumstances relating to the parties’ status\n\nin Spain and intentions, the trial judge ruled that at two years of age the child’s “life naturally\n\nrevolved around his parents, not his surroundings.” ", "Third, the child was in Spain only six\n\nmonths when Sasson coerced the child and Shenhar to remain by taking and hiding the child’s\n -7-\n\fpassport. ", "This conduct, the judge ruled, rendered the child’s presence in Spain an “involuntary\n\ndecision” for a substantial time of his presence in Spain. ", "Consequently, the trial judge ruled that\n\nSasson failed to prove the child was “habitually resident” in Spain and failed to prove Shenhar’s\n\nconduct constituted “a wrongful removal or retention under Article 3 of the [Hague]\n\nConvention.” ", "See Mozes v. Mozes, 239 F.3d 1067 (9th Cir. ", "2001) (discussing the issue of\n\n“habitual residence”); Feder v. Evans-Feder, 63 F.3d 217 (3d Cir. ", "1995) (same); Ponath v.\n\nPonath, 829 F. Supp. ", "363 (D. Utah 1993) (same).", "\n\n On June 28, 2006, the trial judge issued three orders. ", "One order expressly vacated the\n\njuvenile court’s order and directed Sasson to return the child to the United States within fourteen\n\ndays after which the judge would set a hearing “to take such further actions as may be\n\nwarranted.” ", "Another order placed under advisement the issue whether to award fees and costs to\n\nShenhar and directed the parties to submit briefs on whether he had the legal authority to do so.", "\n\nThe third order set a briefing schedule for Sasson’s motion to dismiss the custody case for lack\n\nof jurisdiction.", "\n\n When Sasson failed to obey the order to return the child, the trial judge issued a rule to\n\nshow cause regarding contempt. ", "The trial judge also ruled that he had authority to award\n\nShenhar attorneys’ fees and costs expended on the Hague Convention determination. ", "On\n\nSeptember 15, 2006, the trial judge heard argument on Sasson’s motion to dismiss the custody\n\nproceeding. ", "The judge denied the motion as moot, ruling that what began as a separate custody\n\ncase merged with the Hague Convention case and that the only remaining issues concerned the\n\nseparate maintenance action.", "\n\n The trial judge issued a second rule to show cause against Sasson on September 5, 2006,\n\nfor not returning the child to the United States. ", "A Spanish notary public attempted to serve\n\nprocess on Sasson, but, when Sasson did not answer his doorbell, the notary public delivered the\n\n -8-\n\fpapers to the apartment building concierge. ", "Sasson did not attend the October 12, 2006 hearing\n\non the show cause. ", "At the hearing, Sasson’s counsel argued that service did not comply with\n\nVirginia’s statute and additionally proferred that Sasson could not appear because the Spanish\n\ncourts had sole possession of his passport. ", "The trial judge ruled that he had jurisdiction because\n\n(1) service complied with Spanish law and Virginia law, (2) Sasson received actual notice, as\n\ngleaned from his attorney’s appearance, and (3) Sasson’s attorney waived the issue of service\n\n“by essentially . . . ", "leap-frogging over the service issue and going to the merits” by explaining\n\nwhy Sasson did not appear. ", "The trial judge found Sasson in contempt for not returning the child\n\nas ordered, issued a capias for his arrest, and fined him $1,000 a day for each additional day the\n\nchild is not returned to this country.", "\n\n Sasson asks this Court to reverse the orders of June 16, 2006, June 28, 2006, and October\n\n12, 2006. ", "In one appeal, he contends the trial judge erred in his application of the Hague\n\nConvention and ICARA by finding Sasson’s removal of the child’s passport and identification\n\ndocuments to be wrongful, in finding he coerced Shenhar’s stay in Spain, by misapplying the test\n\nfor habitual residence, and in giving undue weight to Shenhar’s testimony. ", "Sasson also appeals\n\nthe trial judge’s order requiring him to return the child to the United States, contending neither\n\nthe Hague Convention nor ICARA gave the judge authority to order the child’s return, to make a\n\ncustody decision, or to exercise “implied powers.” ", "He also contends the Virginia court system\n\ndid not have personal jurisdiction over him, he did not receive effective service to support a\n\ncontempt ruling, and he did not waive his objection to service when his attorney made a special\n\nappearance at the hearing. ", "Sasson further contends the circuit court judge had no power to award\n\nattorneys’ fees to Shenhar. ", "Last, Sasson contends that the circuit court judge erred by not\n\ndismissing Shenhar’s child custody claim, which she filed pursuant to the Uniform Child\n\nCustody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (Code §§ 20-146.1 through 20-146.38).", "\n\n -9-\n\f Shenhar contends the trial judge did not err in any of his rulings. ", "Further, she requests\n\nthis Court to dismiss the appeals because Sasson is a fugitive from justice as that concept applies\n\nin the civil context.", "\n\n Motion to Dismiss\n\n In her motion to dismiss these appeals, Shenhar argues that Sasson has deliberately refused\n\nto comply with the trial judge’s order to return the child and that the trial judge has adjudged Sasson\n\nin contempt and has issued a capias for his arrest. ", "Shenhar requests, therefore, that this Court apply\n\nthe fugitive disentitlement doctrine and dismiss Sasson’s appeals.", "\n\n Sasson responds that the application of the doctrine in his case is inappropriate because he\n\n“finds himself in a position that no Hague Convention litigant, successful or unsuccessful, has ever\n\nfound himself in before.” ", "He argues that he is “truly caught between the demands of two legal\n\nsystems [in the United States and Spain]” and that the child was returned to Spain “after a\n\nthoroughly litigated trial by a . . . [", "juvenile court] judge . . . ", "who happened to have been\n\nsecond-guessed by another judge four months later.” ", "Sasson further argues that the fugitive\n\ndisentitlement doctrine is inappropriate for civil contempts and is not a part of Virginia statutory or\n\ncase law.", "\n\n Although Virginia’s appellate courts have not yet had the occasion to address the fugitive\n\ndisentitlement doctrine, the United States Supreme Court has noted that “it has been settled for\n\nwell over a century that an appellate court may dismiss the appeal of a defendant who is a\n\nfugitive from justice during the pendency of his appeal.” ", "Ortega-Rodriguez v. United States, 507\n\nU.S. 234, 239 (1993). ", "Application of the doctrine “does not strip the case of its character as an\n\nadjudicable case or controversy, . . . [", "but] it disentitles the [appellant] to call upon the resources\n\nof the Court for determination of his claims.” ", "Molinaro v. New Jersey, 396 U.S. 365, 366\n\n(1970); see also Ortega-Rodriguez, 507 U.S. at 234. ", "In other words, “‘a fugitive from justice\n\n - 10 -\n\fmay not seek relief from the judicial system whose authority he or she evades.’” ", "Matsumoto v.\n\nMatsumoto, 792 A.2d 1222, 1227 (N.J. 2002) (quoting Martha B. Stolley, Sword or Shield: Due\n\nProcess and the Fugitive Disentitlement Doctrine, 87 J. Crim. ", "L. & Criminology 751, 752\n\n(1997)).", "\n\n The fugitive disentitlement doctrine, although traditionally applied to criminal cases,\n\nextends to civil cases as well. ", "See, e.g., Degen v. United States, 517 U.S. 820 (1996)\n\n(considering the doctrine in a civil forfeiture case); Empire Blue Cross & Blue Shield v.\n\nFinkelstein, 111 F.3d 278, 281 (2d Cir. ", "1997) (applying the doctrine in a civil RICO Act appeal).", "\n\nIndeed, numerous jurisdictions recognize the doctrine in the context of Hague Convention and\n\nother domestic cases. ", "See, e.g., Pesin v. Rodriguez, 244 F.3d 1250, 1253 (11th Cir. ", "2001)\n\n(dismissing an ICARA appeal where the appellant had continuously refused to comply with\n\ncourt orders, had been found guilty of contempt, and had a warrant for her arrest); Prevot v.\n\nPrevot, 59 F.3d 556, 562-67 (6th Cir. ", "1995) (dismissing the appellant’s Hague Convention\n\nappeal where he fled the country with his wife and child to avoid criminal charges and lived in\n\nFrance); Guerin v. Guerin, 993 P.2d 1256, 1258 (Nev. 2000) (dismissing the appeal under the\n\ndoctrine “in light of [appellant]’s fugitive status and continued refusal to comply with the district\n\ncourt’s orders” in a divorce case); Matsumoto, 792 A.2d at 1222 (considering the fugitive\n\ndisentitlement doctrine in a domestic case); Scelba v. Scelba, 535 S.E.2d 668, 670-73 (S.C.\n\nCt. ", "App. ", "2000) (applying the fugitive disentitlement doctrine where the appellant did not comply\n\nwith a court order and was held in contempt for her failure to appear at multiple hearings).", "\n\n Courts applying this doctrine uniformly have held that “a fugitive from justice need not\n\nbe a fugitive in a criminal matter.” ", "Finkelstein, 111 F.3d at 281; United States v. Barnette, 129\n\nF.3d 1179, 1183 (11th Cir. ", "1997).", "\n\n The inquiry is not whether the order flouted is criminal or civil, or\n whether the case in which the doctrine is sought to be invoked is\n - 11 -\n\f criminal or civil. [", "Rather,] it is the flight or refusal to return in the\n face of judicial action that is the critical predicate to fugitive\n disentitlement.", "\n\nMatsumoto, 792 A.2d at 1233. ", "Indeed, “[u]nder certain circumstances the disentitlement\n\ndoctrine may be even more applicable to civil than criminal cases: because a defendant-\n\nappellant’s liberty is not at stake, less harm can come from the refusal to entertain the appeal.”", "\n\nBarnette, 129 F.3d at 1183. ", "Furthermore, although a litigant may qualify as a fugitive by fleeing\n\nthe jurisdiction, a litigant may also, “while legally outside the jurisdiction, ‘constructively flee by\n\ndeciding not to return.’” ", "Matsumoto, 792 A.2d at 1228 (quoting Barnette, 129 F.3d at 1184).", "\n\n Several courts have explained the bases for disentitlement of access to an appellate court.", "\n\n The rationales for this doctrine include the difficulty of\n enforcement against one not willing to subject himself to the\n court’s authority, the inequity of allowing that “fugitive” to use the\n resources of the courts only if the outcome is an aid to him, the\n need to avoid prejudice to the nonfugitive party, and the\n discouragement of flights from justice.", "\n\nBarnette, 129 F.3d at 1183 (citing Molinaro, 396 U.S. at 366). ", "The United States Court of\n\nAppeals for the Second Circuit has noted that disentitlement is appropriate when an appellant’s\n\nfugitive status “impacts the very case on appeal,” the record contains no indication the appellant\n\nwill respond to a judgment except one favorable to him, the appellant’s conduct will render the\n\njudgment unenforceable against him, and the application of the doctrine is the only means of\n\nminimizing prejudice to the appellee. ", "Finkelstein, 111 F.3d at 282. ", "Similarly, the Supreme\n\nCourt of New Jersey has noted that the following standards are generally applied:\n\n [T]he party against whom the doctrine is to be invoked must be a\n fugitive in a civil or criminal proceeding; his or her fugitive status\n must have a significant connection to the issue with respect to\n which the doctrine is sought to be invoked; invocation of the\n doctrine must be necessary to enforce the judgment of the court or\n to avoid prejudice to the other party caused by the adversary’s\n fugitive status; and invocation of the doctrine cannot be an\n excessive response.", "\n\n\n - 12 -\n\fMatsumoto, 792 A.2d at 1233 (citing Degan, 517 U.S. at 824-28). “", "Enforceability concerns\n\nclearly animate [the] disentitlement doctrine . . . [", "and an appellant’s absence] weighs heavily in\n\nfavor of disentitlement.” ", "Finkelstein, 111 F.3d at 282.", "\n\n As a caveat, the United States Supreme Court has warned against too freely exercising\n\nthe authority to dismiss a case under this doctrine:\n\n [T]he sanction of disentitlement is most severe and so could\n disserve the dignitary purposes for which it is invoked. ", "The\n dignity of a court derives from the respect accorded its judgments.", "\n That respect is eroded, not enhanced, by too free a recourse to rules\n foreclosing consideration of claims on the merits.", "\n\nDegan, 517 U.S. at 828. ", "To ensure this authority is exercised with appropriate moderation,\n\ncourts have imposed rules limiting its application. ", "First, in order to dismiss an appellant’s claim\n\ndue to his or her fugitive status, a connection must exist between the litigant’s fugitive status and\n\nthe litigant’s appeal. ", "Ortega-Rodriguez, 507 U.S. at 249. ", "Second, before implementing such a\n\nsevere sanction, a court must ask “whether an alternative short of dismissal will render\n\nenforcement of the underlying judgment certain and remove the risk of prejudice to the fugitive’s\n\nadversary.” ", "Matsumoto, 792 A.2d at 1233. ", "Third, the doctrine does not apply where the\n\nrelevant policy concerns are not at issue. ", "See Degan, 517 U.S. at 826-29 (holding that the\n\ndistrict court could not dismiss Degan’s claims contesting the government’s civil forfeiture of his\n\nproperty based on his fugitive status in the separate criminal proceeding); Ortega-Rodriguez, 507\n\nU.S. at 249 (holding that the appeals court could not dismiss a criminal appeal based upon the\n\ndefendant’s escape where he was recaptured before the appeal). ", "In short, an appellate court must\n\nexercise “discretion in determining whether to apply the doctrine, which is equitable rather than\n\njurisdictional in nature.” ", "Jaffe v. Accredited Sur. & ", "Cas. ", "Co., 294 F.3d 584, 595 (4th Cir. ", "2002).", "\n\n As we have noted, no Virginia appellate court has previously considered whether to apply\n\nthe fugitive disentitlement doctrine. ", "It is well established in Virginia, however, “[t]hat in the\n\n - 13 -\n\fcourts created by the Constitution, there is an inherent power of self-defence and self-\n\npreservation.” ", "Carter v. Commonwealth, 96 Va. 791, 816, 32 S.E. 780, 785 (1899). ", "Indeed, the\n\nSupreme Court of Virginia has expressly held that “sanctions can be used to protect courts\n\nagainst those who would abuse the judicial process.” ", "Oxenham v. Johnson, 241 Va. 281, 286,\n\n402 S.E.2d 1, 3 (1991).", "\n\n In Switzer v. Switzer, 273 Va. 326, 641 S.E.2d 80 (2007), where this Court dismissed an\n\nappeal as a sanction for the appellant’s “fail[ure] to pay a monetary sanction in another case,” id.\n\nat 333, 641 S.E.2d at 84, the Supreme Court did not hold this Court lacked authority to dismiss\n\nthe appeal, but, rather, held dismissal under those circumstances “was an unduly severe sanction\n\nand was not narrowly tailored to correct the problem presented.” ", "Id. As a standard, the Court\n\nruled “the imposition of a particular sanction must be sufficient to deter [the offending]\n\npractices,” id. at 331, 641 S.E.2d at 83, and the imposition of the sanction requires the exercise\n\nof judicial discretion. ", "Id.\n\n Based upon the great breadth of authority and acceptance of the fugitive disentitlement\n\ndoctrine nationwide and the inherent powers of Virginia courts to protect the integrity of the\n\njudicial process, we accept the validity of the doctrine, and we hold this Court may apply it in\n\nappropriate circumstances. ", "In so doing, we recognize that dismissal of an appeal is the “ultimate\n\nsanction” this Court can impose upon a litigant, that the doctrine must be invoked with restraint,\n\nand that dismissal should be ordered only upon application of sound discretion. ", "See id.\n\n In this case, the connection between Sasson’s fugitive status and his appeals is direct and\n\nundeniable. ", "Compare Degan, 517 U.S. at 829 (finding the appeals court erred in dismissing\n\nDegan’s civil forfeiture case based on his status as a fugitive arising from a separate criminal\n\nprosecution), with Pesin, 244 F.3d at 1253 (dismissing an ICARA appeal where the appellant\n\n“repeatedly defied court orders and ignored contempt sanctions and has continued to evade\n\n - 14 -\n\farrest” in the current proceeding). ", "After Sasson received an unfavorable ruling on his Hague\n\nConvention petition, he refused to comply with the trial judge’s order to return the child to\n\nVirginia. ", "When he failed to appear at the hearing on his noncompliance, the trial judge found\n\nhim in contempt of court and issued a capias for his arrest. ", "Sasson has declined to submit to the\n\nauthority of the Virginia courts and, instead, has remained in Spain with the child. ", "Refusing to\n\ncomply with the trial judge’s orders, he now asks us to overturn those very same orders on\n\nappeal.", "\n\n Furthermore, Sasson’s conduct demonstrates he will submit to the judgments of the\n\nVirginia judicial system only if they are favorable to him. ", "When he obtained a favorable ruling\n\nin the juvenile court, he acted upon it, but he now argues that the trial judge’s ruling, which\n\nvacated that order in a de novo proceeding, amounts to “second guess[ing] by another judge.”", "\n\nThis reasoning flouts Virginia’s de novo hearing procedure. ", "See Code § 16.1-136; Fairfax\n\nCounty v. D.N., 29 Va. App. ", "400, 406, 512 S.E.2d 830, 832-33 (1999) (noting that “[a] trial de\n\nnovo in the circuit court ‘annuls the judgment of the [juvenile court] as completely as if there has\n\nbeen no previous trial’” and empowers the circuit court to render a decision “‘not as a court of\n\nappeals, but as one exercising original jurisdiction’” (citations omitted)). ", "Sasson’s non-\n\ncooperativeness renders enforceability, at best, problematic, and at worst, impossible. ", "See\n\nFinkelstein, 111 F.3d at 282 (finding “no reason to ‘entertain the cause of one who will only\n\nrespond to a judgment if it is favorable’”). ", "No alternative short of dismissal will render any\n\njudgment certain and remove the prejudice to Shenhar. ", "Compare Matsumoto, 792 A.2d at\n\n1234-35 (imposing a less severe sanction than disentitlement to satisfy the parties’ interests),\n\nwith Finkelstein, 111 F.3d at 282 (holding that disentitlement was the only “remaining means of\n\nminimizing the prejudice to [appellee]”). ", "By Sasson’s continued disregard of the authority of\n\n\n\n\n - 15 -\n\four court system, he signals his belief we are powerless to enforce any judgment of our Court\n\nadverse to him.", "\n\n Dismissing Sasson’s appeals furthers the goals of the fugitive disentitlement doctrine by\n\ndiscouraging flight from justice, encouraging compliance with court orders, and promoting the\n\nefficient, dignified operation of the courts. ", "See Degan, 517 U.S. at 824; Jaffe, 294 F.3d at 596.", "\n\nIndeed, to allow Sasson’s appeal to proceed would unfairly allow Sasson to use the appellate\n\nprocess when his continued disobedience of prior orders demonstrates his view that compliance\n\nwith any orders unfavorable to him is optional. ", "See Scelba, 535 S.E.2d at 673 (dismissing the\n\nappeal where, in light of appellant’s continued disobedience of court orders, the court took “a\n\ndim view of the possibility that she will voluntarily return . . . ", "or otherwise cooperate with any\n\norder she does not fancy”); see also Pesin, 244 F.3d at 1253 (stating “it would be inequitable to\n\nallow [the appellant] to use the resources of the courts only if the outcome is a benefit to her”).", "\n\n Neither Walsh v. Walsh, 221 F.3d 204 (1st Cir. ", "2000), nor Matsumoto, 792 A.2d 1222,\n\npersuades us that dismissing the appeals would be unfair to Sasson, although both cases declined\n\nto exercise the fugitive disentitlement doctrine. ", "In Walsh, the family moved to Ireland when the\n\nfather fled the United States after criminal charges were lodged against him for offenses against\n\nhis neighbor. ", "221 F.3d at 208. ", "The father filed a Hague Convention petition in Massachusetts\n\nafter the mother returned to the United States with the children. ", "Id. at 209-12. ", "The Walsh court\n\nheld the doctrine was “too severe a sanction in a case involving parental rights . . . ", "particularly in\n\nthe absence of any showing that the fugitive status has impaired the rights of the other parent.”", "\n\nId. at 216. ", "In contrast to Walsh, Sasson’s actions leading to his fugitive status directly impaired\n\nShenhar’s rights. ", "Also, unlike Walsh, Sasson’s behavior deprives Shenhar of full access to their\n\nchild. ", "Although the importance of Hague Convention proceedings is self-evident, to allow\n\nSasson’s appeals to proceed would prejudice Shenhar even further.", "\n\n - 16 -\n\f The New Jersey Supreme Court declined to apply the fugitive disentitlement doctrine in\n\nMatsumoto, concluding that the “full participation of both parents in the process” is necessary to\n\nadequately evaluate the child’s best interest in custody cases. ", "792 A.2d at 1235. ", "The court,\n\nhowever, did not place a blanket prohibition on using the doctrine in custody cases, noting, “[t]o\n\nbe sure, . . . ", "we would impose the doctrine in a case in which the fugitive parent has removed or\n\nhidden the child, thereby making enforcement improbable in the event of a decision unfavorable\n\nto the fugitive parent.” ", "Id. at 1236. ", "Thus, not only did Matsumoto involve a custody\n\ndetermination and not a Hague Convention petition, but the court expressly advocated\n\napplication of the doctrine where, as here, a parent’s placement of the child renders “enforcement\n\nimprobable in the event of a decision unfavorable to the fugitive parent.” ", "792 A.2d at 1236; see\n\nalso Finkelstein, 111 F.3d at 282 (stating that “[e]nforceability concerns . . . ", "weigh[] heavily in\n\nfavor of disentitlement”).", "\n\n We note as unavailing Sasson’s argument that the fugitive disentitlement doctrine should\n\nnot apply to him because he is appealing the capias from which his fugitive status stems. ", "We do\n\nnot discern any exception to the doctrine where a party ignores a contempt finding and a capias\n\nbut seeks to appeal those very matters. ", "See Ortega-Rodriguez, 507 U.S. at 239-42 (discussing\n\nvarious cases that applied the doctrine in a criminal context). ", "Indeed, the posture of Sasson’s\n\ncase is the traditional context in which the doctrine arises. ", "Pesin, 244 F.3d at 1252 (noting the\n\nappellant “had yet to comply with the district court’s order,” had absconded, and failed “to end\n\nher contumacious conduct or submit to the court’s authority”). ", "We see no meaningful difference\n\nbetween a case in which an absconding criminal defendant appeals his or her conviction and this\n\ncase, in which Sasson has appealed the orders requiring him to return the child and finding him\n\nin contempt for failing to do so. ", "See generally United States v. Oliveri, 190 F. Supp. ", "2d 933\n\n(S.D. Tex. ", "2001) (applying the fugitive disentitlement doctrine to deny the defendant’s motion to\n\n - 17 -\n\fdismiss the criminal indictment where the defendant argued the indictment was based upon an\n\ninvalid subpoena).", "\n\n For these reasons, we hold that Sasson may not seek appellate relief from this Court.", "\n\nAccordingly, we grant the motion to dismiss without considering the other issues raised by the\n\nparties.", "\n\n Dismissed.", "\n\n\n\n\n - 18 -\n\f" ]

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[ "Stimulation of Escherichia coli DNA photoreactivating enzyme activity by adenosine 5'-triphosphate.", "\nA purification procedure consisting of Biorex-70, single-stranded DNA-agarose, and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiated DNA-cellulose chromatography has been adopted for the Escherichia coli photoreactivating enzyme. ", "The purpose of this purification was to obtain enzyme preparations that are free of extraneous nucleic acid or nucleotides. ", "The purification yields high specific activities (75 000 pmol h-1 mg-1) with a 50% recovery. ", "Enzyme preparations have also been obtained from UV-irradiated DNA-cellulose by exposure to visible light. ", "These enzyme preparations contain oligoribonucleotides, the largest found to be 26 nucleotides in length in relation to DNA size markers. ", "However, the oligoribonucleotides associated with the enzyme are not essential for enzymatic activity. ", "When the enzyme is preincubated with exogenous ATP for 4-10 h at 3 degrees C, a 10-fold stimulation in the enzyme activity has been observed. ", "It has been determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-voltage diethylaminoethyl paper electrophoresis that the light-released enzyme samples from a preincubated and washed mixture of the enzyme, [gamma-32P]ATP, and UV-irradiated DNA-cellulose contained exogenous [gamma-32P]ATP. [", "gamma-32P]ATP eluted with the enzyme-containing fractions when subjected to Bio-Gel P-30 chromatography. ", "GTP caused a slight enhancement of the enzyme activity while ADP strongly inhibited photoreactivation, at the same concentration and conditions as those for ATP. ", "Higher (X5) concentrations of ADP and adenosine 5'-(beta, gamma-methylenetriphosphate) totally inhibited the enzyme activity. ", "Dialysis of a photoreactivating enzyme preparation against a buffer solution containing 1 mM ATP caused a 9-fold stimulation of the enzyme activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Reviews 18\n\n26 Ratings\n\nRicks\n\n6/10/2007\n\nI changed this recipe a little by using boneless, skinless chicken breast and I used a container of all ready made up seasoned bread crumbs but I cut it down to using 1 cup of the crumbs.", "\nThe crumbs were very granulated and I didn't want to overwhelm the taste of the Dijon mustard sauce. ", "I also added garlic powder to the sauce (1 teaspoon).", "\nAfter I made the sauce, I really liked the flavor and added a side dish of cooked, sliced red potatoes and drizzled the sauce over them when served.", "\nThis dish was very moist after baking it uncovered for an hour and the potatoes with the sauce was excellent.", "\nThis sauce will be used again on many of my recipes that calls for Dijon mustard.", "\n\nketee\n\n4/13/2005\n\nThis dijon chicken was amazing, and so easy to make! ", "It doesn't even need the white wine. ", "When coating with the bread crumbs, start out with half the suggested amount, as I found that the full amount was way more than needed.", "\n\nemilydonovan\n\n1/26/2010\n\nThis is a favorite of ours and I make it almost once a week. ", "I add 1/4 cup of grated parmasean cheese to the bread crumb mixture and it seems to give it a little more crunch to the breading. ", "So good and good for you." ]

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[ "// Copyright 2014 The Go Authors. ", "All rights reserved.", "\n// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style\n// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.", "\n\n// Flow control\n\npackage http2\n\n// flow is the flow control window's size.", "\ntype flow struct {\n\t// n is the number of DATA bytes we're allowed to send.", "\n\t// A flow is kept both on a conn and a per-stream.", "\n\tn int32\n\n\t// conn points to the shared connection-level flow that is\n\t// shared by all streams on that conn. ", "It is nil for the flow\n\t// that's on the conn directly.", "\n\tconn *flow\n}\n\nfunc (f *flow) setConnFlow(cf *flow) { f.conn = cf }\n\nfunc (f *flow) available() int32 {\n\tn := f.n\n\tif f.conn !", "= nil && f.conn.n < n {\n\t\tn = f.conn.n\n\t}\n\treturn n\n}\n\nfunc (f *flow) take(n int32) {\n\tif n > f.available() {\n\t\tpanic(\"internal error: took too much\")\n\t}\n\tf.n -= n\n\tif f.conn !", "= nil {\n\t\tf.conn.n -= n\n\t}\n}\n\n// add adds n bytes (positive or negative) to the flow control window.", "\n// It returns false if the sum would exceed 2^31-1.", "\nfunc (f *flow) add(n int32) bool {\n\tsum := f.n + n\n\tif (sum > n) == (f.n > 0) {\n\t\tf.n = sum\n\t\treturn true\n\t}\n\treturn false\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ " Does 15 divide k?", "\nFalse\nLet o(a) = 286*a - 182. ", "Is o(5) a multiple of 23?", "\nFalse\nLet c(t) = 23*t**3 - 2*t**2 + 1. ", "Let q(m) = m - 1. ", "Let h be q(2). ", "Does 11 divide c(h)?", "\nTrue\nSuppose -z = -i + 6, z + 4 = -i + 2. ", "Let k(s) = -10*s. ", "Let x be k(z). ", "Let m = -12 + x. Is m a multiple of 6?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 3*g + 12 - 3 = -3*h, -4*h = -3*g - 23. ", "Let w(j) = 0*j**2 - 6 + 6*j**2 + 8*j - 7*j**h. ", "Does 4 divide w(5)?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 4*f = -5*c + 11454, -9*f - 5*c = -11*f + 5742. ", "Is 17 a factor of f?", "\nFalse\nLet a(d) = -d**3 + 12*d**2 + 7*d - 39. ", "Let q(z) = z**3 - 24*z**2 + 26*z - 57. ", "Let p be q(23). ", "Is a(p) a multiple of 5?", "\nTrue\nLet i(a) = 6*a + 16. ", "Suppose 9 - 1 = x. Does 20 divide i(x)?", "\nFalse\nLet b(m) = -7*m**3 + 10*m**2 - 10*m - 11. ", "Let u(n) = -3*n**3 + 5*n**2 - 5*n - 5. ", "Let c(v) = 2*b(v) - 5*u(v). ", "Let j = 7 - 2. ", "Is 14 a factor of c(j)?", "\nTrue\nLet c = 1 - -1. ", "Suppose 3 = c*i - 7. ", "Let d(o) = -o**3 + 8*o**2 - 7*o + 5. ", "Is d(i) a multiple of 15?", "\nTrue\nLet u(b) = 43*b**2 + b. Let l be u(-1). ", "Suppose -3*c + 120 = -4*t, 0*t = -c + 2*t + l. Let j = -24 + c. Is j a multiple of 6?", "\nTrue\nLet t = 307 + -311. ", "Let g(l) = -2*l + 4*l**2 + 1 + 3*l**3 - 2*l**3 - 4. ", "Is g(t) a multiple of 3?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 248 = -3*b + 62. ", "Let c = 123 - 151. ", "Let l = c - b. Does 11 divide l?", "\nFalse\nLet z(m) = -13*m**3 - m**2 + 5. ", "Is 21 a factor of z(-3)?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 5*q - 24 = -4*y + 602, -4*q + 2*y = -506. ", "Is q a multiple of 3?", "\nTrue\nIs 11 a factor of (-28)/((6/(-22))/3)?", "\nTrue\nLet t(k) = -k**3 + 6*k**2 + 17*k - 10. ", "Is 15 a factor of t(7)?", "\nTrue\nLet i = -1749 - -1764. ", "Is i a multiple of 3?", "\nTrue\nLet z(t) = -t**3 + 9*t**2 + t + 13. ", "Suppose 2*r - 14 = y, 3*y = -4*r - y + 52. ", "Is 11 a factor of z(r)?", "\nTrue\nLet p(c) = 2*c**2 - 5*c - 26. ", "Let t be p(12). ", "Suppose 5*a = t + 8. ", "Does 7 divide a?", "\nTrue\nSuppose 4*f - 12 + 0 = 0. ", "Suppose f*s - 3*i + 36 = 0, -6*i + 4*i = 5*s + 74. ", "Does 3 divide 3 - (s/1)/2?", "\nFalse\nLet k(z) = -42*z - 72. ", "Let r be k(-2). ", "Let d(o) be the first derivative of 2*o**2 + 13*o + 1. ", "Is 11 a factor of d(r)?", "\nFalse\nLet c = -14 + 10. ", "Let z = 7 + c. Let r(b) = 10*b - 7. ", "Is r(z) a multiple of 6?", "\nFalse\nLet h = 796 + -463. ", "Is 7 a factor of h/6 - (-3)/(4 + 2)?", "\nTrue\nLet q = -30 + 32. ", "Suppose 33 = -q*z + 5*z. ", "Does 10 divide z?", "\nFalse\nLet f be ((-196)/10 - -1) + 15/25. ", "Does 3 divide (f/(-4))/(48/64)?", "\nTrue\nSuppose 0 = 4*v - 0*v + 4*t - 20, 0 = 4*v - 2*t + 4. ", "Suppose -11 - 10 = -3*w - 3*c, 5*w - 4*c = -v. ", "Suppose 0 = w*l - 44 - 28. ", "Is l a multiple of 4?", "\nTrue\nSuppose -12 = -2*i - 38. ", "Let z = 29 + i. Is z a multiple of 3?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -17 = -2*h - w, 4*h - 16 = -0*h + 4*w. ", "Is 35 a factor of h/(21/204) + 2?", "\nTrue\nDoes 4 divide (2440/100)/(4/10)?", "\nFalse\nLet d = 23 + -5. ", "Let o = d + 10. ", "Is 18 a factor of o?", "\nFalse\nLet l = -36 + 38. ", "Is 6 a factor of (123/(-36) + l/(-8))*-6?", "\nFalse\nLet y(i) = 2*i**3 + 9*i**2 - 8*i + 18. ", "Is 15 a factor of y(4)?", "\nFalse\nLet z(k) = 2*k**2 - 3*k + 3. ", "Let l be z(-3). ", "Suppose -8*q = -3*q - l. Is (-2)/(-4) + 309/q a multiple of 29?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 7*q - 2*q - 26 = 2*p, 6 = -2*p. ", "Is (1 + q)*10/25 a multiple of 2?", "\nTrue\nLet y be 2/6 + 60/(-18). ", "Let u = 1 - y. Suppose -8*b + 44 = -u*b. ", "Is b a multiple of 11?", "\nTrue\nLet j(x) = 0 - 3 + 2 + 44*x + 48*x - 103*x. ", "Suppose -4*b - 3 = 9. ", "Does 8 divide j(b)?", "\nTrue\nSuppose 418*v + 786 = 424*v. ", "Is v even?", "\nFalse\nLet t(c) = 2*c - 4 + 11 + 3. ", "Let a be t(-10). ", "Let s = 13 + a. Is 2 a factor of s?", "\nFalse\nLet u(d) = 2*d**3 - d**2 - d + 2. ", "Let s be u(1). ", "Suppose -3*m = y - 6*y - 40, s*m - 20 = 5*y. ", "Does 14 divide 0 - -24 - (m - 22)?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -2*a - 1420 = -7*a. ", "Suppose a = 6*g - 5*g. ", "Is 33 a factor of g?", "\nFalse\nLet k(a) = -7*a**2 - 2*a + 4. ", "Let t be k(-5). ", "Let r = 234 + t. Suppose 2*b = r + 43. ", "Is 20 a factor of b?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -4*g = -3*l - 8, 0 = 3*l + l + 5*g - 10. ", "Suppose -4*n + 2*o = -l*o - 22, 2 = 4*n + 2*o. ", "Suppose 6*z - 81 = n*z. ", "Is z a multiple of 9?", "\nTrue\nLet h(f) be the first derivative of -7*f**2/2 - 49*f + 21. ", "Is 14 a factor of h(-19)?", "\nTrue\nLet l(u) = u - 4. ", "Let d be l(0). ", "Is 5 a factor of -116*((-10)/d)/(-5)?", "\nFalse\nIs -20 + 24 - 310/(-1) a multiple of 60?", "\nFalse\nLet i = -164 + 200. ", "Is i a multiple of 4?", "\nTrue\nSuppose 2*o - 4*u = 906, 2*o = -3*o - 2*u + 2229. ", "Does 12 divide o?", "\nFalse\nLet n(k) = k**2 + 17*k - 20. ", "Let j be n(-18). ", "Is (11/((-33)/j))/((-2)/(-27)) a multiple of 6?", "\nFalse\nLet g(k) = 197*k - 699. ", "Does 37 divide g(12)?", "\nTrue\nLet l = -2 - 2. ", "Let j be (-10)/l*12/10. ", "Suppose 3*c + 5*v - 122 = 0, -3*c + j*v + 97 = -17. ", "Is c a multiple of 6?", "\nFalse\nLet a(x) = -4*x**2 - 2*x + 1. ", "Let c be a(-2). ", "Let n = -8 - c. Suppose 4*r = -n*h + 84 + 163, -5*r + 5*h + 300 = 0. ", "Does 17 divide r?", "\nFalse\nIs (906/14)/(1656/126 - 13) a multiple of 13?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -24*r = -31*r + 3381. ", "Is r a multiple of 25?", "\nFalse\nLet y = 5 + 0. ", "Let j be (-1)/(((-4)/y)/4). ", "Suppose j*t + 9 = 59. ", "Is 8 a factor of t?", "\nFalse\nLet g be -15*3/((-3)/1). ", "Let q be (-10)/g - (-14)/(-6). ", "Does 9 divide 1*q + -4 + 31?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 5*m - 3105 = -t, -635 = -m + 2*t - 5*t. ", "Is m a multiple of 31?", "\nTrue\nSuppose 2*k = 4*k - 28. ", "Let b(n) = 5*n - 33. ", "Is 10 a factor of b(k)?", "\nFalse\nLet a be (18/(-12))/((-6)/20). ", "Suppose -2*s - 4*w = -22, 0 = 3*s + a*w - 29 - 7. ", "Is 5 a factor of s?", "\nFalse\nLet o(z) = -z**2 - 9*z + 54. ", "Let i be o(10). ", "Let a = i - -223. ", "Does 11 divide a?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 13 = 2*k + 3*o, 2*k - 3*o = 2*o + 5. ", "Suppose -k*v = -109 + 34. ", "Is v a multiple of 15?", "\nTrue\nLet q(p) = -p**3 - 1. ", "Let u(y) = -2*y**3 + 10*y**2 - 9*y + 3. ", "Let l(h) = -q(h) + u(h). ", "Is l(8) a multiple of 12?", "\nTrue\nLet z(w) be the third derivative of -1/2*w**3 + 0*w + 2*w**2 + 3/8*w**4 + 0. ", "Is 12 a factor of z(3)?", "\nTrue\nSuppose -738 = -r - t + 971, 5*r - 8554 = -2*t. ", "Does 8 divide r?", "\nTrue\nIs 27 a factor of 6650/49 + 4/14?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -5159 + 44 = -31*i. ", "Is 7 a factor of i?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 2*g - 4 = -0*g. ", "Suppose g*u = 5*r - 165, -u + 0*u = 5*r - 180. ", "Let q = 57 - r. Is q a multiple of 5?", "\nFalse\nDoes 8 divide (301/(-21))/((-17)/2397)?", "\nFalse\nLet c be (-3)/(-6)*-2 - (-16 - -9). ", "Let s = 110 - c. Does 13 divide s?", "\nTrue\nLet d(y) = 151*y**2 + 15*y + 2. ", "Does 8 divide d(-2)?", "\nTrue\nLet b(o) = -2*o + 4*o - 19 - 16*o - 10. ", "Does 16 divide b(-4)?", "\nFalse\nSuppose -2*l - l - 15 = 0, -3*d = 3*l + 6. ", "Suppose 15*z - d*z - 420 = 0. ", "Is 3 a factor of z?", "\nFalse\nLet w(m) = -18*m - 1. ", "Let f be w(-3). ", "Let z = -56 - -46. ", "Let c = f + z. Is c a multiple of 12?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 45*c - 41*c - 184 = 0. ", "Suppose -o + 87 + c = 0. ", "Does 9 divide o?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 2*a - 788 = -4*x, -2*x = -4 - 6. ", "Does 4 divide a?", "\nTrue\nLet b(m) = -m**2 + 5*m + 6. ", "Let f be b(6). ", "Suppose f = -a + 1 + 4. ", "Suppose a*h - 8 = 67. ", "Is h a multiple of 3?", "\nTrue\nLet a be (4 + 188)/(1 - (3 + -3)). ", "Suppose -o = 7*o - a. Is o a multiple of 8?", "\nTrue\nIs (3 - -2) + 259 + 8 a multiple of 8?", "\nTrue\nLet k(d) = 3*d**2 + 26*d - 16. ", "Let n be k(-11). ", "Suppose m = y + n, -55 = -2*m + m + 4*y. ", "Is 21 a factor of m?", "\nTrue\nLet r = 156 - 85. ", "Suppose r - 29 = f. Is f a multiple of 8?", "\nFalse\nIs (-90)/(-30) - (-523 + (-3 - -5)) a multiple of 63?", "\nFalse\nLet r = -2318 - -3236. ", "Does 18 divide r?", "\nTrue\nSuppose -2*c - 3*p - 1 = 0, -2*c = 3*c + 4*p - 15. ", "Is c a multiple of 5?", "\nFalse\nLet k(s) = -2*s - 4. ", "Let q be k(-3). ", "Suppose 60 = 7*n - q*n. ", "Suppose 3*v = 3*i - 66, -n = -i - 4*v - 0*v. ", "Is 10 a factor of i?", "\nTrue\nLet i(q) = -q**2 + 5*q - 1. ", "Let w be i(3). ", "Let h(n) = -n**3 + 7*n**2 - 4*n + 8. ", "Does 5 divide h(w)?", "\nFalse\nLet j(i) be the first derivative of -3*i**2 - 7*i + 7. ", "Let p(s) = -7*s**3 - s**2 + 2*s - 1. ", "Let u be p(1). ", "Does 12 divide j(u)?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 24 = 5*v + 2*j + 7, -4*v + 8 = -4*j. ", "Let l(i) = -6*i**3 + 3*i**2 + 1. ", "Let z be l(v). ", "Let a = -70 - z. Is a a multiple of 17?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 2*s + 2*f = 58, 5*s = 2*f + 189 - 30. ", "Suppose -8*y - s = -175. ", "Is y a multiple of 6?", "\nTrue\nIs 15 a factor of -3*2 - (-24 + -2675)?", "\nFalse\nLet a(j) = -20 + 3 - 5*j - j**3 - 17*j**2 - j**2. ", "Is 35 a factor of a(-18)?", "\nFalse\nLet a be ((-2)/(-16)*-4)/(1/(-2)). ", "Is 22 a factor of (-3 - a)*237/(-12)?", "\nFalse\nLet h be 9 - ((-3)/(-1) + -2). ", "Suppose 72 = -4*c + h*c. ", "Suppose 9*w = 10*w - c. Is w a multiple of 8?", "\nFalse\nLet c be ((-80)/25)/(3/15). ", "Let u = c - -18. ", "Suppose 0 = 3*k + u*k - 75. ", "Is k a multiple of 3?", "\nTrue\nSuppose -5*i - 4*l = -0*i - 2, -2*l - 4 = 0. ", "Does 4 divide ((-2)/i)/((-156)/51 - -3)?", "\nFalse\nLet i be 6*(3 + 2/(-6)). ", "Suppose -3*m = -4*m + i. Is m a multiple of 3?", "\nFalse\nSuppose 18 =" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Q:\n\nwhy is visits 0 in some ga records?", "\n\nwhy is visits 0 in some ga records?", "\nthe visiter visit my site , then the visits should be at least 1. ", "but I check my ga reports, there are many reocord has 0 visits. ", "\nand by the way, there are many time values 0 too . ", "any one tells why?", "\n\nA:\n\nThis boils down to the data model used in Google Analytics.", "\nThe visit is assigned to the first page but not subsequent pages, whereas unique visitors are assigned to each page. ", "Notice that for each page that has 0 visits, the number of unique visitors is 1 or more. ", "More details here.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "This is the text of my closing keynote from Gophercon India. ", "It has been slightly altered for readability from my original speaking notes.", "\n\nI am indebted to the organisers of Gophercon India for inviting me to speak, and to Canonical for giving me the time off to attend the conference.", "\n\nIf you want to see me stumble through the real thing, the video is now available.", "\n\nSimplicity and collaboration\n\nClosing Keynote, Gophercon India\n\n21 Feb 2015\n\nIntroduction\n\nI want to open my presentation with a proposition.", "\n\nMost programming languages start out aiming to be simple, but end up just settling for being powerful. — ", "Dave Cheney (@davecheney) December 2, 2014\n\nBeing passionate about Go means being passionate about language advocacy, and a natural hazard of dwelling too long on the nature of programming results in statements like these.", "\n\nBut underlying the pithy form enforced by a tweet, I believe there is a gem of truth—I cannot think of a language introduced in my life time that didn’t purport to be simple. ", "Each new language offers as a justification, and an enticement, their inherent simplicity.", "\n\nOn the other hand, I cannot point to a language introduced in the same time frame with the rallying call of complexity; more complexity than its contemporaries—but many instead claim to be powerful.", "\n\nThe idea of proposing a language which offered higher levels of inherent complexity is clearly laughable, yet this is exactly what so many contemporary languages have become; complicated, baroque, messes. ", "A parody of the languages they sought to replace.", "\n\nClumsy syntax and non orthogonality is justified by the difficulty of capturing nuanced corner cases of the language, many of them self inflicted by years of careless feature creep.", "\n\nSo, every language starts out with simplicity as a goal, yet many of them fail to achieve this goal. ", "Eventually falling back on notions of expressiveness or power of the language as justification for a failure to remain simple.", "\n\nAny why is this ? ", "Why do so many language, launched with sincere, idealistic goals, fall afoul of their own self inflicted complexity ?", "\n\nOne reason, one major reason, I believe, is that to be thought successful, a language should somehow include all the popular features of its predecessors.", "\n\nIf you would listen to language critics, they demand that any new language should push forward the boundaries of language theory.", "\n\nIn reality this appears to be a veiled request that your new language include all the bits they felt were important in their favourite old language, while still holding true to the promise of whatever it was that drew them to investigate your language I the first place.", "\n\nI believe that this is a fundamentally incorrect view.", "\n\nWhy would a new language be proposed if not to address limitations of its predecessors ?", "\n\nWhy should a new language not aim to represent a refinement of the cornucopia of features presented in existing languages, learning from its predecessors, rather than repeating their folly.", "\n\nLanguage design is about trade-offs; you cannot have your cake and eat it too. ", "So I challenge the notion that every mainstream language must be a super-set of those it seeks to replace.", "\n\nSimplicity\n\nThis brings me back to my tweet.", "\n\nGo is a language that chooses to be simple, and it does so by choosing to not include many features that other programming languages have accustomed their users to believing are essential.", "\n\nSo the subtext of this thesis would be; what makes Go successful is what has been left out of the language, just as much as what has been included.", "\n\nOr as Rob Pike puts it “less is exponentially more”.", "\n\nSimplicity cannot be added later\n\nWhen raising a new building, engineers first sink long pillars, down to the bedrock to provide a stable foundation for the structure of the building.", "\n\nTo not do this, to just tamp the area flat, lay a concrete slab and start construction, would leave the building vulnerable to small disturbances from changes in the local area, at risk from rising damp or subsidence due to changes in environmental conditions.", "\n\nAs programmers, we can recognise this as the parable of leaky abstraction. ", "Just as tall buildings can only be successfully constructed by placing them on a firm foundation, large programs can not be successful if they are placed upon a loose covering of dirt that masks decades of accumulated debris.", "\n\nYou cannot add simplicity after the fact. ", "Simplicity is only gained by taking things away.", "\n\nSimplicity is not easy\n\nSimplicity does not mean easy, but it may mean straight forward or uncomplicated.", "\n\nSomething which is simple may take a little longer, it may be a little more verbose, but it will be more comprehensible.", "\n\nPutting this into the context of programming languages, a simple programming language may choose to limit the number of semantic conveniences it offers to experienced programmers to avoid alienating newcomers.", "\n\nSimplicity is not a synonym for easy, nor is achieving a design which is simple an easy task.", "\n\nDon’t mistake simple for crude\n\nJust because something may be simple, don’t mistake it for crude.", "\n\nWhile lasers are fabulous technology used in manufacturing and medicine, a chef prefers a knife to prepare food.", "\n\nCompared to the laser, a simple chefs knife may appear unsophisticated, but in truth it represents generations of knowledge in metallurgy, manufacturing and usability.", "\n\nWhen considering a programming language, don’t mistake a lack of the latest features for a lack of sophistication.", "\n\nSimplicity is a goal, not a by-product\n\n“nothing went in [to the language], until all three of us [Ken, Robert and myself], agreed that it was a good idea.” — ", "Rob Pike, Gophercon 2014\n\nYou should design your programs with simplicity as a goal, not aim to be pleasantly surprised when your solution happens to be simple.", "\n\nAs Rob Pike noted at Gophercon last year, Go was not designed by committee. ", "The language represent a distillation of the experiences of Robert Griesemer, Ken Thompson, and himself, and only once all three were all convinced of a feature’s utility to the language was it included.", "\n\nChoose simplicity over completeness\n\nThere is an exponential cost in completeness.", "\n\nThe 90% solution, a language that remains orthogonal while recognizing some things are not possible, verses a language attempting to offer 100% of its capabilities to every possible permutation will inherently be less complex, because as we engineers know,\n\nThe last 10% costs another 90% of the effort.", "\n\nComplexity\n\nA lack of simplicity is, of course complexity.", "\n\nComplexity is friction, a force which acts against getting things done.", "\n\nComplexity is debt, it robs you of capital to invest in the future.", "\n\nGood programmers write simple programs\n\nGood programmers write simple programs.", "\n\nThey bring their experience, their knowledge and their failures to new designs, to learn from and avoid mistakes in the future.", "\n\nSimplicity, conclusion\n\nTo steal a quote from Rich Hickey\n\n“Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication” — Leonardo da Vinci\n\nGo is a language designed to be simple. ", "It is a feature, not a by-product, or an accident.", "\n\nThis was the message that spoke to me when I first learned about the language in 2009, and is the message that has stayed with me to this day.", "\n\nThe desire for simplicity is woven through every aspect of the language.", "\n\nMy question for you, the audience: Do you want to write simple programs, or will you settle for writing powerful programs ?", "\n\nCollaboration\n\nI hope by now I have convinced you that a need for simplicity in programming languages, is self evident, so I want to move to my second topic; collaboration.", "\n\nIs programming an art or a science ? ", "Are we artists or engineers ? ", "This one question is a debate in itself, but I hope you will humour me that as professionals, programming is a little of both; we are both software artists, and software engineers—and as engineers we work as a team.", "\n\nThere is more to the success of Go than just being simple, and this is the realization that for a programming language to be successful, it must coexist inside a larger environment.", "\n\nA language for collaboration\n\nLarge programs are written by large teams. ", "I don’t believe this is a controversial statement.", "\n\nThe inverse is also true. ", "Large teams of programmers, by their nature, produce large code bases.", "\n\nProjects with large goals will necessitate large teams, and thus their output will be commensurate.", "\n\nThis is the nature of our work.", "\n\nBig Problems\n\nGo is a small language, but deliberately designed as a language for large teams of programmers.", "\n\nSmall annoyances such as a lack of warnings, a refusal to allow unused imports, or unused local variables, are all facets of choices designed to help Go work well for large teams.", "\n\nThis does not mean that Go is not suitable for the single developer working alone, or a small program written for a specific need, but speaks to the fact that a number of the choices within the language are aimed at the needs of growing software teams.", "\n\nAnd if your project is successful, your team will grow, so you need to plan for it.", "\n\nProgramming languages as part of an environment\n\nIt may appear heretical to suggest this, as many of the metrics that we as professional software developers are judged by; lines of code written; the number of revisions committed to source control, and so on, are all accounted for character by character. ", "Line by line. ", "File by file.", "\n\nBut, writing a program, or more accurately solving a problem; delivering a solution, has little to do with the final act of entering the program into the computer.", "\n\nPrograms are designed, written, debugged and distributed in an environment significantly larger than one programmer’s editor.", "\n\nGo recognizes this, it is a language designed to work in this larger environment, not in spite of it.", "\n\nBecause ultimately Go is a language for the problems that exist in today’s commercial programming, not just language theory.", "\n\nCode is written to be decoded\n\nThe author Peter Seibel suggests that programs are not read, but instead decoded. ", "In hindsight this should have been obvious, after all we call it source code, not source literature.", "\n\nThe source code of a program is an intermediary form, somewhere between our concept and the computer’s executable notation.", "\n\nAs with many transformations, this encoding of the source program is not lossless; some loss of fidelity, some ambiguity, some imprecision is present. ", "This is why when reading source code, you must in fact decode it, to divine the original intention of the programmer.", "\n\nMany of the choices relating to the way Go code is represented as source, speak to this impedance mismatch. ", "The simplicity and regularity of the grammar, while providing few opportunities for individuality, in turn makes it easier for a new reader to decode a Go program and determine its function.", "\n\nBecause source code is written to be read.", "\n\nHow to build a Go community\n\nGo is a language designed from the beginning to be transposed, transformed and processed at the source level. ", "This has opened up new fields of analysis and code generation to the wider Go community. ", "We’ve seen several examples of this demonstrated at this conference.", "\n\nWhile these tools are impressive, I believe the regular syntax of a Go source file belies its greatest champion; go fmt.", "\n\nBut what is it that is so important about go fmt, and why is it important to go fmt your source code ?", "\n\nPart of the reason is, of course, to avoid needless debate. ", "Large teams will, by their nature have a wide spectrum of views on many aspects of programming, and source code formatting is the most pernicious.", "\n\nGo is a language for collaboration. ", "So, in a large team, just as in a wider community, personal choices are moderated for a harmonious society.", "\n\nThe outcome is that nearly all go code is go formatted by convention. ", "Adherence to this convention is an indicator of alignment with the values of Go.", "\n\nThis is important because it is a social convention leading to positive reinforcement, which is far more powerful than negative reinforcement of a chafing edict from the compiler writer.", "\n\nIn fact, code that is not well formatted can be a first order indicator of the suitability of the package. ", "Now, I’m not trying to say that poorly formatted code is buggy, but poorly formatted code may be an indication that the authors have not understood the design principles that underscore Go.", "\n\nSo while buggy code can be fixed, design issues or impedance mismatches can be much harder to address, especially after that code is integrated into your program.", "\n\nBatteries included\n\nAs Go programmers we can pick up a piece of Go code written by anyone in the world and start to read it. ", "This goes deeper than just formatting.", "\n\nGo lacks heavy libraries like Boost. ", "There are no QT base classes, no gobject. ", "There is no pre-processor to obfuscate. ", "Domain specific language rarely appear in Go code.", "\n\nThe inclusion of maps and slices in the language side steps the most basic interoperability issues integrating packages from vendors, or other parts of your company. ", "All Go code uses these same basic building blocks; maps, slices and channels, so all Go code is accessible to a reader who is versed in the language, not some quaint organization specific dialect.", "\n\nInterfaces, the UNIX way\n\nIn 1964 Doug McIlroy postulated about the power of pipes for composing programs. ", "This was five years before the first Unix was written mind you.", "\n\nMcIlroy’s observations became the foundation of the UNIX philosophy; small, sharp tools which can be combined to solve larger tasks, tasks which may not have even been envisioned by the original authors.", "\n\nIn the last few decades, I feel that programmers have lost the ability to compose programs, lost behind waves of run time dependencies, stifling frameworks, and brittle type hierarchies that degrade the ability to move quickly and experiment cheaply.", "\n\nGo programs embody the spirit of the UNIX philosophy. ", "Go packages interact with one another via interfaces. ", "Programs are composed, just like the UNIX shell, by combining packages together.", "\n\nI can use fmt.", "Fprintf to write formatted output to a network connection, or a zip file, or a writer which discards its input. ", "Conversely I can create a gzip reader that consumes data from a http connection, or a string constant, or a multireader composed of several sources.", "\n\nAll of these permutations are possible, in McIlroy’s vision, without any of the components having the slightest bit of knowledge about the other parts of this processing chain.", "\n\nSmall interfaces\n\nInterfaces in Go are therefore a unifying force; they are the means of describing behaviour. ", "Interfaces let programmers describe what their package provides, not how it does it.", "\n\nWell designed interfaces are more likely to be small interfaces; the prevailing idiom here is that interfaces contain only a single method.", "\n\nCompare this to other languages like Java or C++. ", "In those languages interfaces are generally larger, in terms of the method count required to satisfy them, and more complex because of their entanglement with the inheritance based nature of those languages.", "\n\nInterfaces in Go share none of those restrictions and so are simpler, yet at the same time, are more powerful, and more composable, and critical to the narrative of collaboration, interfaces in Go are satisfied implicitly.", "\n\nAny Go type, written at any time, in any package, by any programmer, can implement an interface by simply providing the methods necessary to satisfy the interface’s contract.", "\n\nIt follows logically that small interfaces lead to simple implementations, because it is hard to do otherwise. ", "Leading to packages comprised of simple implementations connected by common interfaces.", "\n\nErrors and interfaces\n\nI’ve written a lot about the subject of Go’s error handling, so I’ll restrict my comments here to errors as they relate to collaboration.", "\n\nThe error interface is the key to Go’s composable error handling story.", "\n\nIf you’ve worked on some large Go projects you may have come across packages like Canonical’s errgo, which provide facilities to apply a stack trace to an error value. ", "Perhaps the project has rolled their own implementation. ", "Maybe you have developed something similar in house.", "\n\nI want to be clear that I am remaining neutral on the relative goodness or badness of the idea of gift wrapping errors.", "\n\nWhat I do want to highlight is even though one piece of code you integrate uses fmt.", "Errorf, and another a third party package, and in your package you have developed your own error handling type. ", "From the point of view of you the programmer consuming your work, the error handling strategy always looks the same. ", "If the error is nil, the call worked.", "\n\nCompare this to the variety of error handling strategies that must be managed in other languages as programs grow through accretion of dependencies.", "\n\nThis is the key to a Go programmer’s ability to write an application at any size without sacrificing reliability. ", "In the context of collaboration, it must be said that Go’s error handling strategy is the only form that makes sense.", "\n\nSimple build systems\n\nGo’s lack of Makefiles is more than a convenience.", "\n\nWith other programming languages, when you integrate a piece of third party code, maybe it’s something complex, like v8, or something more mundane, like a database driver from your vendor, you’re integrating that code into your program, this part is obvious, but you are also integrating their build system.", "\n\nThis is a far less visible, and sometimes far more intractable problem. ", "You’ve not just introduced a dependency on that piece of code, but also a dependency on its build system, be it cmake, scons, gnu autotools, what have you.", "\n\nGo simply doesn’t have this problem.", "\n\nPutting aside the contentious issues of package versioning, once you have the source in your $GOPATH, integrating any piece of third party Go code into your program is just an import statement.", "\n\nGo programs are built from just their source, which has everything you need to know to compile a Go program. ", "I think this is a hugely important and equally under-appreciated part of Go’s collaboration story.", "\n\nThis is also the key to Go’s efficient compilation. ", "The source indicates only those things that it depends on, and nothing else. ", "Compiling your program will touch only the lines of source necessary.", "\n\nSans runtime\n\nDoes your heart sink when you want to try the hottest new project from Hacker News or Reddit only find it requires node.js, or some assortment of Ruby dependencies that aren’t available on your operating system ? ", "Or you have to look up what is the correct way to install a python package this week. ", "Is it pip, is it easy_install, does that need an egg, or are they wheels ?", "\n\nI can tell you mine does.", "\n\nFor Go programmers dependency management remains an open wound, this is a fact, and one that I am not proud of. ", "But for users of programs written in Go their life just got a whole lot easier; compile the program, scp it to the server, job done.", "\n\nGo’s ability to produce stand alone applications; and even cross compile them directly from your workstation means that programmers are rediscovering the lost art of shipping a program, a real compiled program, the exact same one they tested, to customers.", "\n\nThis one fact alone has allowed Go to establish a commanding position in the container orchestration market, a market which arguably would not exist in its current form if not for Go’s deployment story.", "\n\nThis story also illustrates how Go’s design decisions move beyond just thinking about how the programmer and the language will interact during the development phase, and extend right through the software life-cycle to the deployment phase.", "\n\nGo’s choice of a single static binary is directly influenced by Google’s experiences deploying their own large complex applications, and I believe their advice should not be dismissed lightly.", "\n\nPortability\n\nC# isn’t portable, it is joined at the hip to a Windows host.", "\n\nSwift and Objective-C are in the same boat, they live in the land of Apple only programming languages. ", "Popular ? ", "yes, but portable ? ", "no.", "\n\nJava, Scala, Groovy, and all the rest of the languages built atop the JVM may benefit from the architecture independence of the JVM bytecode format, until you realize that Oracle is only interested in supporting the JVM on its own hardware.", "\n\nJava is tone deaf to the requirements of the machine it is executing on. ", "The JVM is too sandboxed, too divorced from the reality of the environment it is working inside.", "\n\nRuby and Python are better citizens in this regard, but are hamstrung by their clumsy deployment strategies.", "\n\nIn the new world of metered cloud deployments in which we find ourselves, where you pay by the hour, the difference between a slow interpreted language, and a nimble compiled Go program is stark.", "\n\nGo’s fresh take on portability, without the requirement to abstract yourself away from the machine your program runs on, is like no other language available today.", "\n\nA command line renaissance\n\nFor the last few decades, since the rise of interpreted languages, or virtual machine run-times, programming has been less about writing small targeted tools, and more about managing the complexity of the environment those tools are deployed into.", "\n\nSlow languages, or bloated deployments encourage programmers to pile additional functionality into one application to amortize the cost of installation and set up.", "\n\nI believe that we are in the early stage of a command line renaissance, a renaissance driven by the rediscovery of languages which produce compiled, self contained, programs. ", "Go is leading this charge.", "\n\nA command line renaissance which enables developers to deliver simple programs that fit together, cross platform, in a way that suites the needs of the nascent cloud automation community, and reintroduces a generation of programmers to the art of writing tools which fit together, as Doug McIlroy described, “like segments in a garden hose”.", "\n\nA key part of the renaissance is Go’s deployment story. ", "I spoke earlier and many of my fellow speakers have praised Go for its pragmatic deployment story, focusing on server side deployments, but I believe there is more to this.", "\n\nOver the last year we’ve seen a number of companies shift their client side tools from interpreted languages like Ruby and Python to Go. ", "Cloud Foundry’s tools, Github’s hub, and MongoDB’s tool suite are the ones that spring to mind.", "\n\nIn every case their motivations were similar; while the existing tools worked well, the support load from customers who were not able to get the tool installed correctly on their machine was huge.", "\n\nGo lets you write command line applications, that in turn enables developers to leverage the UNIX philosophy; small, sharp tools that work well together.", "\n\nThis is a command line renaissance that has been missing for a generation.", "\n\nConclusion\n\n#Golang, language of the future, simplicity of the past. — ", "Ukiah Danger Smith ⚡ (@UkiahSmith) December 27, 2014\n\nGo is a simple language, this was not an accident.", "\n\nThis was a deliberate decision, executed brilliantly by experienced designers who struck a chord with pragmatic developers.", "\n\nGo is a language for programmers who want to get things done\n\nPut simply, Go is a language for programmers who want to get things done.", "\n\n“I just get things done instead of talking about getting them done.” — ", "Henry Rollins\n\nAs Andrew Gerrand noted in his fifth birthday announcement\n\n“Go arrived as the industry underwent a tectonic shift toward cloud computing, and we were thrilled to see it quickly become an important part of that movement.” — ", "Andrew Gerrand\n\nGo’s success is directly attributable to the factors that motivated its designers. ", "As Rob Pike noted in his 2012 Splash paper.", "\n\n“Go is a language designed by Google to help solve Google’s problems; and Google has big problems” — Rob Pike\n\nAnd it turns out that Go’s design choices are applicable to the problems that an increasing number of professional programmers face today.", "\n\nGo is growing\n\nNovember last year, Go turned 5 years old as a public project.", "\n\nIn these 5 years, less if you consider that the language only reached 1.0 in April of 2012, Go, as a language, and a proposition to programmers and development teams, has been wildly successful.", "\n\nIn 2014 there were five international Go conferences. ", "In 2015 there will be seven.", "\n\nPlus\n\nAn ever growing engagement in social media; Twitter, Google plus, etc.", "\n\nAn established Reddit community.", "\n\nReal time discussion communities like the #go-nuts IRC channel, or the slack gophers group.", "\n\nGo featured in mainstream tech press, established companies are shipping Go APIs for their services.", "\n\nGo training available in both professional and academic contexts.", "\n\nOver 100 Go meetups around the world.", "\n\nSites like Damian Gryski’s Gophervids helping to disseminate the material produced by those meetups and conferences.", "\n\nCommunity hackathon events like GopherGala and the Go Challenge.", "\n\nLastly, look around this room and see your peers, 350 experienced programmers, who have decided in invest in Go.", "\n\nIn closing\n\nThis paper describes the language we have today. ", "A language built with care and moderation. ", "The language is what it is because of deliberate decisions that were made at every step.", "\n\nLanguage design is about trade-offs, so learn to appreciate the care in which Go’s features were chosen and the skill in which they were combined.", "\n\nWhile the language strives for simplicity, and is easy to learn, it does not immediately follow that the language is trivial to master.", "\n\nThere is a lot to love in our language, don’t be in such a hurry to dismiss it before you have explored it fully.", "\n\nLearn to love the language. ", "Really learn the language. ", "It’ll take longer than you would think.", "\n\nLearn to appreciate the choices of the designers.", "\n\nBecause, and I truly mean this, Go will make you a better programmer." ]

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[ "Part of Roddick’s masculinity is in his body hair. ", "Unquestionably, he has the best legs in professional tennis. ", "They are muscular and serve him well. ", "True, his shaved legs do, slightly, show off the curves of his leg muscles, but the shaving takes away some his manliness. ", "Andy needs to grow the fur back, and wear revealing shorts." ]

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[ "Agency investigates video of deer beaten by apparent hunters The Pennsylvania Game Commission says it is investigating a video circulated on social media showing two males apparently beating an injured deer\n\nHARRISBURG, Pa. -- The Pennsylvania Game Commission says it is investigating a video circulated on social media showing two males apparently beating an injured deer.", "\n\nIn the video, the two appear to kick the animal in the face repeatedly and rip off one of its antlers.", "\n\nGame wardens are investigating and asked anyone with information to call its Operation Game Thief hotline or the northwest region dispatch office.", "\n\nThe commission told KDKA-TV that although the two individuals are reportedly from Brookville in Jefferson County, that doesn’t mean the incident occurred there.", "\n\nBrookville police told WJAC-TV that the events occurred outside of their jurisdiction and that “proper authorities were notified.\"" ]

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[ "Leave Campus Rape Charges to the Professionals\n\nFeb. 12, 2016 (Mimesis Law) — Just when it looked like the rape hysteria was dying down this happened. ", "TL;DR, a blogger with so-called ‘anti-feminist’ views gets accused of being pro-rape in an effort to silence him and shut down his planned meetups. ", "The latter succeeded but the former failed miserably.", "\n\nAlso, this week, Kayne West declared Bill Cosby innocent of rape, setting off yet another media firestorm. ", "Perhaps most notoriously, last year was the UVA rape hoax. ", "And before that was the dust-up over how some of the media reports on video games, leading to characterizing the detractors of the media as promoters of rape culture.", "\n\nWhile all of these events has generated countless tweets, blog posts, and articles, thus dominating the popular culture, the legal culture too has been affected. ", "As lawyer and blogger Mike Cernovich remarked, law, like politics, is downstream from culture. ", "In particular, there has been the movement to direct young women away from seeking redress through criminal system, instead encouraging victims to pursue offenders through administrative bodies, such as college campuses:\n\nLaw enforcement is a terrible option for campus rape survivors because it is ineffective and often re-traumatizing for survivors. ", "But because schools have a national mandate to provide a safe and equitable learning environment, they are in a unique position to best adjudicate campus rapes. ", "Therefore it is incumbent on them to establish fair, effective, and transparent reporting, investigation, adjudication and sanctioning processes that reflect best practices. ", "It is also incumbent on administrators to work with local law enforcement to improve the way both institutions respond to this heinous crime.", "\n\nThe first sentence says it all really. ", "My co-blogger, Scott Greenfield, a criminal defense attorney, has been critical of this approach to handling charges of rape:\n\nThere is no legal authority that gives rise to a college or university establishing an adjudication procedure for criminal conduct separate and apart from the criminal justice system. ", "That OCR says so, upon pain of denying federal funding, without having employed the regulatory procedures needed to obtain the authority, seems to have flown over everyone’s head.", "\n\nWhile colleges have no reason to challenge this scenario, and most happen to embrace the underlying progressive gender politics reflected by the “Dear Colleague” letters, unless and until the Department of Education actually pulls the plug on their federal funding — something that has never actually happened to any college or university — they have chosen the path of least resistance and allowed students to bear the brunt of a radical gambit by Catherine McKinnon that, over the past three decades, has finally slipped down the slope enough to be blindly accepted.”", "\n\nIt’s the federal government, Scott. ", "When has a little thing like the lack of authority really mattered? ", "But nobly, Greenfield continues to shout that the ‘emperor has no clothes’:\n\nThe fundamental flaws, the disconnect between the law as written, the law as held, have managed to elude many. ", "The discussion has leaped over these basic issues, taking for granted that colleges have any business under Title IX playing at a half-baked legal system to condemn students as rapists. ", "There is no basis in law to reach other concerns, whether of administrative rule-making propriety [sic] or how much due process a student deserves, until one surmounts the problem that Title IX does not authorize colleges to be in the rape-finding business in the first place. ", "This cannot be forgotten. ", "This should not be ignored, especially when the issue is discussed on a big soapbox like the Wall Street Journal.", "\n\nBesides challenging the legal authority, Greenfield has also challenged the veracity of the evidence underpinning the demand for change:\n\nFrancis has two posts, both of which are long, academic in style and highly detailed. ", "They’re entitled “How To Lie And Mislead With Rape Statistics,” parts one and two. ", "Despite their length and style, they are provocative in the sense that they go where the numbers lead. ", "As it turns out, only 7.8% of rape reports are true. * * * ", "Francis’ posts address primarily the issue of false rape allegations, that claim at issue when advocates contend that all “survivors” must be believed, and that there are minimal, if any, false claims. ", "Francis picks apart the studies, the methodologies, the assumptions and the biases behind the numbers. ", "It’s tedious work, but if we’re to work with statistics to make a point, it’s critical work since we only blowing smoke if the stats are crap.", "\n\nAll of these posts, and others, are certainly worth a read, if you have any interest in this area. ", "And right now, who doesn’t? ", "Yet it’s rare for prosecutors to be asked to speak on this issue. ", "Conversely, it seems all too common for non-prosecutors others to speak for prosecutors:\n\nConviction rates present a “perverse incentive” for prosecutors to pursue only the strongest cases that offer the highest probability that a DA can win the case, said the study’s authors, Kimberly A. Lonsway and Joanne Archambault. “", "A lot of the early civil rights cases, they weren’t pursued because they weren’t going to win,” said Lonsway, research director at End Violence Against Women International, who frequently trains law enforcement on sexual assault investigations. “", "We have to take the hard ones to make change.”", "\n\nWinning, i.e. conviction rates, aren’t the overriding concern for most prosecutors. ", "For example, sexual assault cases with child victims are some of the most difficult to prosecute. ", "A colleague with decades of experience working in one of the most populous counties here once related that they were the most difficult, even more so than murder cases. ", "Not only because of the child’s age, but when the offender is a member of the family, the child is often pressured to stay quiet or recant. ", "And corroborating evidence is often scant. ", "Yet, despite the chances of losing, many offices successfully prosecute these difficult cases.", "\n\nOn the other hand, prosecutors should be and generally are concerned about whether there is both probable cause and proof beyond a reasonable doubt. ", "But it’s not tied to a consideration of the prosecutor’s personal win/loss record. ", "Rather, it’s usually tied to the boring considerations such as the presentation of admissible evidence, credibility of witnesses, and the probability the jurors will be persuaded. ", "Those sorts of things are relatively dry and outside the understanding of most journalists; so, the problem is reduced to “fear of losing.”", "\n\nDuring voir dire, if the jury pool is asked whether the uncorroborated testimony of a single witness is enough to support a conviction, there is often a significant number of people that will disagree with that statement. ", "You can strike as many as possible and hopefully educate the few, but in the nearly 75% of cases where the defendant and victim know each other, consent is going to be the issue that the case usually turns on.", "\n\nThis means the uncorroborated testimony of the victim is going to be the lynchpin of the case and some of the panel might be hostile to that fact. ", "And if the victim is unwilling or unable to testify, then the prosecution will not be able to prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt.", "\n\nReturning to the issue of campus rapes, it’s now easier to understand why certain groups want to drive these cases out of the criminal justice system and support things like affirmative consent. ", "It’s easier to convict defendant without the benefit of due process. ", "If victims don’t have to testify or are kept from cross-examination because of fears of re-victimization, then it makes prosecuting these matters much easier. ", "Likewise, without compulsory process and discovery, defendants are extremely handicapped in presenting their defense. ", "Imagine the efficiency of ‘trials’ conducted without testimony, evidence, and a presumption that the crime happened. ", "Really, imagine the horror if you’re falsely accused.", "\n\nThe folks more cynical about prosecutors might think that all prosecutors would applaud getting ‘rapists’ by any means, even if that meant burning down the legal system. ", "Foremost, without the impediments to prosecution already embedded in the legal system, there is quite likely to be more wrongful convictions. ", "Although expulsion from college because of a false rape conviction might not carry with it a long prison sentence, it will carry with it many, many collateral consequences.", "\n\nIn addition, in the legal system, prosecutors have to consider the impact of a false accusation. ", "Falsely charging someone with rape is the kind of thing that will haunt that person for the rest of their life. ", "As discussed above, even the non-legal, but public accusation that someone is ‘pro-rape’ or a rapist is powerful.", "\n\nThis is true even if they are acquitted and get the charge expunged, because in most places it’s news, thus there are usually news articles, blog posts, tweets, and so on about the charge. ", "It’s a bell that can’t be unrung. ", "Even with the hoax revealed, the UVA fraternity members’ lives are forever changed. ", "But unlike prosecutors who can face being disbarred or losing an election, college administrators have no check on them whatsoever for reckless charging.", "\n\nFinally, in cases where prosecutors could secure a conviction against a rapist, the college process is likely to thwart that. ", "Even if the campus police were involved, they aren’t trained and seasoned investigators. ", "They are likely to spoil evidence and taint witnesses. ", "Once the investigation is mishandled, it is extremely difficult to build a successful case.", "\n\nCollege campuses should stick to their educational mission and leave chasing the bad guys to the professionals.", "\n\nShare this: Reddit\n\nEmail\n\nPrint\n\nFacebook\n\nLinkedIn\n\nGoogle\n\nTwitter\n\n" ]

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[ "PGA Tour 97\n\nPGA Tour 97 is a sports video game developed and published by EA Sports for PlayStation and Sega Saturn in 1996.", "\n\nReception\nPGA Tour 97 received mixed reviews. ", "Reviewing the PlayStation version, Dr. Zombie of GamePro praised the challenge offered by the new courses, the new camera views, and the retention of the strong assets of the previous installment. ", "He concluded that \"Two new courses and some snazzy enhancements make PGA Tour '97 more of the same but better!\" ", "GameSpots Glenn Rubenstein was more frustrated by the fact that the game was no more than a simple update of the previous installment, and argued that more radical change was needed. ", "While acknowledging it to be \"a complete golf package that updates 32-bit golfing as we know it\", he scored it a 5.9 out of 10.", "\n\nReviewing the Saturn version, GamePros Air Hendrix remarked, \"At first glance, PGA '97 has all the right answers: 14 PGA pros; 2 PGA courses; responsive, details controls; and a full set of modes and features. ", "But the long load times and sluggish frame rate require more patience than an afternoon of fishing. ", "Even worse, the disappointing course graphics look almost 16-bit, though the player animations are excellent.\" ", "He recommended Saturn owners get VR Golf '97 instead. ", "Rob Allsetter of Sega Saturn Magazine gave it 68%, calling it \"A decidedly lacklustre version of PGA Tour\". ", "He remarked that the loading times between shots disrupt the flow of the game, and the odd shading on the power bar makes it hard to judge when it is on the line. ", "Echoing GamePro, he recommended readers get Actua Golf (the European title for VR Golf '97) instead.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nCategory:1996 video games\nCategory:EA Sports games\nCategory:Golf video games\nCategory:PlayStation (console) games\nCategory:Sega Saturn games\nCategory:Video games developed in Canada" ]

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[ "Metal flakes of copper or aluminum composition of submicron thickness and multimicron lateral face dimensions are recognized to be a potential source for an infrared screening cloud for military purposes. ", "The metal powder is packed in a camouflage system such as a canister, missile, rocket or a gas generator and dispersed in the atmosphere. ", "The cloud or aerosol that is formed camouflages and/or screens point targets on fortresses, air parts etc., ", "especially against attacking precisely guided weapons.", "\nThus, U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,100,102 (Shaffer) describes a composition for use in generating a protective aerosol, consisting essentially of a suspension of 30-40 wt. % ", "aluminum particles in 60-70 wt. % ", "of vaporizable hydrocarbon oil, the aluminum particles having diameters in the range 2-20 microns and thicknesses of &lt;0.3 micron. ", "The specification of this patent makes clear that these \"particles\" are in fact flakes, which are commercially available for use as a pigment. ", "In an example, the mass extinction coefficient of these aluminum flakes, termed in this patent the \"J-value\", is shown to lie within the range 2.3-2.5 m.sup.2 /g in respect of infrared radiation.", "\nMoreover, U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "3,975,292 (Shaffer) describes a method for forming a protective aerosol, wherein a suspension of aluminum particles in a hydrocarbon oil are fed into a hot, high velocity gas stream, the temperature of which is sufficiently high to vaporize the oil, the mixed stream of hot gases, hydrocarbon oil and aluminum particles (having diameters in the range 2-20 microns and thicknesses of &lt;0.3 micron) being discharged into the atmosphere. ", "U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,484,195 (Shaffer) describes a method of screening infrared radiation using an aerosol of aluminum particles having essentially dimensions of the same order of magnitude as the wavelengths of such radiation.", "\nThe use of aluminum is also featured in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,286,498 (Block et al), wherein there is described a method for producing burst charges for dispersing energy generating material in an effective pattern for confusing energy sensing devices (operating on infrared, sonar or microwave reflected energy) wherein KClO.sub.4 (5 pbw) which has passed through a #20 screen is mixed with black aluminum (2 pbw), screening the mixture through a #20 screen a predetermined no. ", "of times, and placing a fusing member therein.", "\nThe use of copper composition flakes is featured for example in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,704,966 (Sellman et al), which describes a method of screening against visual and infrared light by injecting into the atmosphere a cloud of fine metal flakes of submicron thickness and multimicron lateral face dimensions and comprised of a copper composition, the cloud being formed by bursting a compacted cohesive solid mass of the metal flakes in the atmosphere, thereby forming a dispersed aerosol.", "\nFurthermore, U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,704,967 (Milstead et al) describes a product for screening against visual and infrared light, made by slurrying fine metal flakes of submicron thickness and multimicron lateral face dimensions and in particular comprised of a copper composition, with a volatile liquid to wet the flakes, which adhere to one another in compacted form at the bottom of the slurry, the liquid being removed to leave a mutually face-to-face compact adhered solid mass of metal flakes. ", "In practice, the compacted slurry is extruded and the wet extrusions are cut into small segments and removal of the liquid is effected by evaporative drying.", "\nThe use of additives admixed with the metal powder or flakes is featured e.g. in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,622,899 (Weber), which describes a smoke generating projectile containing both optical smoke powder and infrared absorbing powder, besides igniter compositions. ", "The infrared absorbing powder may be copper, preferably in lamellar form of 3200-16000 cm.sup.2 /g surface area and 1.9-0.45 micron diameter, possibly mixed with a dispersion agent such as ammonium phosphate, polytetrafluoroethylene or highly dispersed SiO.sub.2. ", "Also, U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,233,927 (Wulvik) describes a smoke camouflage system including metallic (e.g. brass) powder, and a cold-flow properties improving material such as aluminum silicate or a sand-blowing material.", "\nThe entire contents of each of the above-mentioned U.S. Patents is explicitly incorporated herein by reference." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nDynamic sql query with stored procedure and table variable\n\nI want to call a stored procedure dynamically as my names of the procedures are stored somewhere, also I need to store the result of that procedure into a table variable. ", "Hence I had to write following sql code,\nIn following code\n @tblEmailIds is the table variable which I want to store the result of SP in\n @tempEmailSource is the name of the procedure\n @tempRecipientsIdsCSV is the first argument that my SP is accepting\n @ObjectMasterId is the second argument that SP is accepting (optional)\nDECLARE @tempTypeName NVARCHAR(100), \n @tempTypeId INT,\n @tempEmailSource NVARCHAR(100),\n @tempRecipientsIdsCSV NVARCHAR(MAX),\n @tempIsObjectSpecific BIT,\n @sqlQuery NVARCHAR(MAX) = 'INSERT INTO @tblEmailIds '\nSELECT TOP 1 @tempTypeName = NAME, \n@tempTypeId = Id, \n@tempEmailSource = EmailListSourceName \nFROM @tbleRecipientsTypes WHERE IsEmailIdsFetched = 0\n\n SELECT @tempRecipientsIdsCSV = SUBSTRING(\n (SELECT ',' + CAST(RT.EmailRecipientId AS NVARCHAR(50))\n FROM @tbleRecipientsTypes RT WHERE RT.Id = @tempTypeId\n ORDER BY RT.EmailRecipientId\n FOR XML PATH('')),2,200000)\n\n SELECT @tempRecipientsIdsCSV\n\n SET @sqlQuery = @sqlQuery + 'EXEC ' + @tempEmailSource +' ' +'''' + @tempRecipientsIdsCSV +''''\n IF (@tempIsObjectSpecific = 1)\n BEGIN\n SET @sqlQuery = @sqlQuery + ' ' + @ObjectMasterId\n END\n\n PRINT @SQLQUERY\n\n EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL \n @SqlQuery,'@IdsCSV NVARCHAR(MAX) OUTPUT, \n @ObjectMasterId INT = NULL OUTPUT', @tblEmailIds\n\nI am getting the following error\n\nMsg 214, Level 16, State 3, Procedure sp_executesql, Line 6 Procedure\n expects parameter '@params' of type 'ntext/nchar/nvarchar'.", "\n\nA:\n\nThere are quite a few problems here.", "\n\nAs the error message clearly states, the parameter list needs to be NVARCHAR so just prefix that string literal with an N (as also stated in @VR46's answer).", "\nTable variables do not work the way that you are trying to use them. ", "First, you do not ever declare @tblEmailIds, but even if you did, the scope of a table variable is local, and they cannot be used as OUTPUT parameters. ", "Instead, you need to create a local temporary table (i.e. #tblEmailIds) and do INSERT INTO #tblEmailIds.", "\nYou reference another table variable, @tbleRecipientsTypes, that has not been declare or populated.", "\nYou do declare @tempIsObjectSpecific but never set it so it will always be NULL.", "\nWhy is @IdsCSV (in the sp_executesql call parameter list) declared as OUTPUT? ", "Not only are you not passing in @tempRecipientsIdsCSV (to be @IdsCSV in the dynamic SQL), it isn't even necessary to be a parameter since you are directly concatenating the value of @tempRecipientsIdsCSV into the Dynamic SQL, and there is no @tempRecipientsIdsCSV variable in the Dynamic SQL to begin with. ", "So remove @IdsCSV NVARCHAR(MAX) OUTPUT, from the parameter list.", "\nYou say that \"@tempRecipientsIdsCSV is the first argument that my SP is accepting\", but then you declare it in the code, which should result in an error.", "\nWhat datatype is @ObjectMasterId? ", "You say that it is passed into the proc and I see that it is concatenated into the Dynamic SQL, so it needs to either be a string type (i.e. not INT like is shown in the sp_executesql parameter list) or it needs to be in a CONVERT(NVARCHAR(10), @ObjectMasterId.", "\nIf @ObjectMasterId is being passed in, then why is it declared as OUTPUT in the sp_executesql parameter list? ", "But the better question is probably: why are you even passing it into sp_executesql anyway since you directly concatenate it into the Dynamic SQL? ", "There is no @ObjectMasterId variable being used in the Dynamic SQL.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "The flame ionization detector (FID) is the most widely used detector for gas chromatography (GC) and is also used as a stand-alone monitor of the total hydrocarbon concentration in air. ", "Although very effective, the FID typically consumes 30 ml/min of hydrogen, 30 ml/min of helium make-up gas and 300-400 ml/min of pure air. ", "Clearly, it is highly desirable to eliminate these gases, their cylinders, pneumatics and safety hazards from the FID and GC. ", "Recently, a new type of FID was developed, based on the provision of a low flow rate of an unseparated gas mixture of oxygen and hydrogen, provided by a simple water electrolyzer. ", "This electrolyzer-powered FID (EFID) considerably simplifies the gas logistics of GC-FID, improves its operational safety, reduces the cost of analysis and significantly improves its transportability. ", "The water electrolyzer of the EFID contains a special chamber or canister, filled with either silica gel or molecular sieve particles, that serves for the adsorption of the water vapor. ", "These powders or particles have a limited water capacity and need periodic manual replacement that may also result in leaks if some powder dust finds its way to the o-ring seal. ", "Furthermore, the standard water electrolyzers are hard to automate and thus suffer from limited continuous operation time that is undesirable in a modern laboratory environment. ", "The major reason for this situation is that while water is an easily transferable liquid, the needed solid water adsorbing material requires manual replacement periodically before its saturation and thus precludes the full automation of the EFID.", "\nIn a standard water electrolyzer, the oxygen and hydrogen gas mixture are formed as several thousand small bubbles per second and thus are saturated with water vapor and carry a large amount of water mist. ", "This water mist is very harmful to the long-term operational stability of the electrolyzer, as the potassium hydroxide in the water tends to clog the gas flow path when the water evaporates. ", "In addition, excessive loss of potassium hydroxide may require its undesirable periodic replenishment. ", "Furthermore, when the water vapor itself condenses on the gas tube, it temporarily clogs the gas tube and can induce severe FID background noise and even result in total flame extinguishing. ", "The water electrolyzer of the present invention is based on the elimination of the water mist and the reduction of the relative humidity to well below 100%, preferably to around 50%, in order to eliminate and solve the above-described problems.", "\nThe process of water mist elimination and humidity reduction can be achieved in several ways, including:\na) Two cells can be used, with a standard water-adsorbing material, a heating unit for each cell, and an air pump that can be directed to each cell. ", "When a given cell is close to saturation with water, the electrolyzer gases can be directed through the second cell and the saturated cell is heated while room air is pumped through it to desorb the previously adsorbed water from it. ", "Afterwards, it is closed, cooled back to room temperature and is ready for future service. ", "The water adsorbing material also adsorbs the potassium hydroxide contained in the water mist. ", "The need for two cells is only to enable full automation and relatively uninterrupted EFID operation. ", "This arrangement is useful but somewhat complex, increasing the cost of the water electrolyzer and requiring some periodic addition of potassium hydroxide. ", "PA1 b) A freon or hydrocarbon-based, small refrigerator can be built with a miniature closed refrigeration cycle unit for water mist and vapor recirculation. ", "This is a possible approach, but may be too costly; it also suffers from reduced reliability. ", "PA1 c) A miniaturized refrigeration unit, based on a Peltier semiconductor solid state device, can be built for water mist elimination and vapor pressure reduction. ", "This unit seems to offer the ideal solution for the water mist and vapor management requirements. ", "The basic idea is that the Peltier element will cool a gas condenser element located above the electrolyzer, so that the water mist and vapor will condense, liquefy and recirculate back to the water reservoir below. ", "In this way, a mist-free gas mixture, with a relative humidity of about 50%, will be generated if the cooled condenser temperature is 10.degree. ", "C. below room temperature. ", "Therefore, the water electrolyzer of the present invention was built around a Peltier-based water mist and vapor recirculating and management system." ]

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[ "April 22\nFound Footage Festival\nWaiting Room, 6212 Maple St.\n7 p.m., $10, foundfootagefest.com\nIf you like unintentional comedy and yearn for the days of the humble VCR, this is the show for you. ", "According to their website, hosts and founders Joe Pickett and Nick Prueher “began collecting found videotapes in 1991 after stumbling across a training video entitled, ‘Inside and Outside Custodial Duties’ in a...\n\nApril 23\nOmaha Friends of Jung Presents Creativity, Imagination and Well-Being Through Art and Music\nTip-Top Ballroom, 1502 Cuming St.\n7 p.m. to midnight, $20 at the door\n402.390.6044, http://omahafriendsofjung.com\nA celebration of the Collective Unconscious and the arrival of spring are on tap when local adherents of the late Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung and his tenets throw an archetypal bash. ", "Catch the...\n\n* There’s a dual book signing this Saturday at the Bookworm in Countryside Village at 87th and Pacific. ", "Sarah McKinstry-Brown will sign copies of her book, Cradling Monsoons, and Amy Plettner will sign hers, Undoing Orion’s Belt, at 1 p.m. on Saturday. ", "Both writers have received MFAs from the University of Nebraska — McKinstry-Brown’s in poetry and Plettner’s in writing — and both are promoting their...\n\nOpera Omaha opened its doors in 1958 with Giacomo Puccini’s Madama Butterfly. ", "Since then, a more impactful production of this classic was not seen until the spring of 2006 when local artist Jun Kaneko designed the set and costumes.", "\nThe city went crazy. ", "Kaneko’s vision was lauded across the community. ", "As if Omaha’s love wasn’t enough, the show hit the road, and Kaneko got rave reviews from Vancouver to...\n\nWhen asked if she could remember how old she was when she first realized her love of makeup, Lancôme Regional Makeup Artist Linda Miller matter-of-factly explains, “I can pinpoint the exact moment.”", "\nHer love for cosmetics, Miller says, blossomed at a young age with the gift of a giant makeup kit. “", "In 6th grade, I received an Estée Lauder blockbuster for Christmas. ", "By Easter it was completely gone.”...", "\n\nLOCAL FASH\nAfter 18 years in business, Old Market boutique Retro Rocket is officially closing its doors. ", "All non-consignment goods are on sale for $10, so head down, fill a shopping bag and say thanks to Buf Reynolds for all her hard work supporting local artists and designers over the years. ", "Friends of Retro Rocket are also welcome to stop by on April 22 for a closing party before the shop’s last day, April 30. ...", "\n\nPICK OF THE WEEK\nApril 16\nRed–White Spring Game\nMemorial Stadium, Stadium Dr. and T Street, Lincoln\n1 p.m., $10, huskers.com\nWhat will we learn about the suped-up but more simplistic Nebraska offense on Saturday? ", "Probably not much. ", "Bo Pelini likes to play things close to the vest in these Spring Games but it is still football — sort of. ", "These are the practice plays that we’ll be dissecting and discussing all..." ]

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[ " NOT PRECEDENTIAL\n\n UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS\n FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT\n ___________\n\n No. ", "12-4043\n ___________\n\n JOSE FREMONDE XENOS, Appellant\n\n v.\n\n PAUL SINGLEY, INTENSIVE SUPERVISION COUNTY PROBATION OFFICER;\n MARIE D. BARTOSH, CHIEF ADULT PROBATION OFFICER; NORTHAMPTON\n COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF ADULT PROBATION; COUNTY OF\n NORTHAMPTON\n ____________________________________\n\n On Appeal from the United States District Court\n for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania\n (D.C. Civil Action No. ", "5-11-cv-01550)\n District Judge: Honorable Berle M. Schiller\n ____________________________________\n\n Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)\n July 26, 2013\n\n Before: SCIRICA, JORDAN and GREENAWAY, JR., ", "Circuit Judges\n\n (Opinion filed: July 29, 2013)\n ___________\n\n OPINION\n ___________\n\nPER CURIAM\n\n Jose Xenos appeals the District Court’s order granting Appellees’ motion to\n\ndismiss his complaint. ", "For the reasons below, we will affirm the District Court’s order.", "\n\f In August 2007, Xenos pleaded nolo contendere in Northampton County to\n\nforgery. ", "He was sentenced to three to eighteen months in prison and twenty-four months\n\nof county probation. ", "The judge also ordered that he not have contact with the two\n\nvictims. ", "Xenos was then released to parole. ", "According to the state court’s docket, on\n\nJune 23, 2008, a Petition for Review of Parole was filed. ", "Xenos was subsequently\n\narrested on September 2, 2008, and a Gagnon I hearing was held. ", "1 Xenos was released,\n\nand it was noted on the docket that any violations would result in a bench warrant. ", "On\n\nMarch 5, 2009, Appellee Singley filed a petition for review of Xenos’s parole. ", "He stated\n\nthat Xenos had violated the technical conditions of his parole. ", "The court held Gagnon I\n\nand II hearings. ", "On March 25, 2009, the sentencing judge, based on the findings and\n\nrecommendation of a doctor, ordered Xenos committed to a mental hospital for an\n\nevaluation to determine or restore competency. ", "On September 11, 2009, Xenos was\n\nreleased.", "\n\n On September 18, 2009, Singley informed the sentencing court that Xenos had\n\nviolated the conditions of his supervision by failing to contact the Adult Probation\n\nDepartment. ", "The sentencing court signed an order for Xenos’s arrest, and he was\n\narrested on September 21, 2009. ", "The next day, the court vacated the warrant and released\n\n\n\n\n1\n In Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778, 782 (1973), the Supreme Court held that “a\nprobationer, like a parolee, is entitled to a preliminary and final revocation hearing under\nthe conditions specified in Morrissey v. Brewer, [408 U.S. 471 (1972)].”", "\n\n 2\n\fXenos. ", "In November 2009, Xenos’s case was closed because he had been compliant for\n\nsixty days.", "\n\n In his complaint, Xenos asserts that he was unlawfully put on probation and\n\nunlawfully arrested three times: September 2, 2008, March 3, 2009, and September 21,\n\n2009. ", "He contended that Northampton County and its Department of Adult Probation\n\nfailed to train their personnel. ", "Appellees filed a motion to dismiss on the ground that\n\nXenos had failed to state a claim. ", "The District Court determined that Xenos failed to\n\nstate a claim against Appellee Singley for unlawful probation supervision or unlawful\n\narrest or against Appellee Bartosh for supervisory liability. ", "It also concluded that Xenos\n\nfailed to state a claim against Northampton County and its Department of Adult\n\nProbation for failure to train its personnel. ", "Xenos filed a timely notice of appeal.", "\n\n We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1291 and review the District Court’s order\n\ngranting the motion to dismiss de novo. ", "Dique v. New Jersey State Police, 603 F.3d 181,\n\n188 (3d Cir. ", "2010). ", "On appeal, Xenos challenges the validity of his conviction, sentence,\n\nand parole and probation violations. ", "As noted by the District Court, these claims are\n\nbarred by Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 487 (1994) (civil action that would impugn a\n\ncriminal conviction if successful cannot be maintained until that conviction is\n\ninvalidated); see also Williams v. Consovoy, 453 F.3d 173, 177 (3d Cir. ", "2006) (holding\n\nthat Heck bars challenge to parole revocation).", "\n\n\n\n\n 3\n\f Xenos argues on appeal that only a sentencing judge may set conditions for parole\n\nand the probation officers should have known that they cannot set the conditions. ", "2 He\n\nalleged that he was unlawfully arrested for a technical parole violation. ", "However, as\n\nnoted above, Xenos has not shown that any of the determinations that he violated his\n\nprobation or parole have been invalidated. ", "He has not argued that he did not receive the\n\nhearings to which he was entitled.", "\n\n We agree with the District Court that Xenos failed to state a claim. ", "For the\n\nreasons above, we will affirm the District Court’s order.", "\n\n\n\n\n2\n Attached to a petition for rehearing in a separate appeal, C.A. No. ", "08-1699, Xenos\nsubmitted a copy of the petition he filed in August 2007 for release to parole. ", "He agreed\nthat he would abide by all the rules and conditions laid down for his conduct by the\nProbation Office.", "\n 4\n\f" ]

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[ "\n970 So.2d 840 (2007)\nRIVERA\nv.\nSTATE.", "\nNo. ", "3D07-2278.", "\nDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida, Third District.", "\nOctober 3, 2007.", "\nDecision without published opinion. ", "Affirmed.", "\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nImages instead of radio buttons or dropdown list?", "\n\nI would like the user to choose the category when he creates a new node content. ", "However, instead of radio buttons or dropdown list I would like to have selectable images, with exactly the same logic. ", "Is it possible to somehow ovveride radio buttons / dropdown lists with options being displayed as images? ", "So, for example instead of a radio button with 'Cars' label I would like to have a picture of a car, then for the next category another picture, etc. ", "Any advice appreciated. ", "\n\nA:\n\nYou can accomplish this with a combination of a little JQuery and CSS. ", " \nHere's some starting points\n\nhttp://codeloaded.com/fullscreen-preview/jquery-image-checkbox\nhttp://aaronweyenberg.com/90/pretty-checkboxes-with-jquery\nhttp://codecanyon.net/item/jic-jquery-image-checkbox/full_screen_preview/676874\nhttp://boedesign.com/blog/2008/06/08/imagetick-for-jquery/\n\nThen use a custom module to load the JS when needed using drupal_add_js() typically instantiated with a hook_form_alter().", "\nSomething like this:\n/**\n* Add example.js to content type 'car' create/edit form for example.module\n*/\nfunction example_form_alter(&$form, $form_state, $form_id) {\nif ('car_node_form' == $form_id) {\n drupal_add_js(drupal_get_path('module', 'example').'example.js');\n}\n\nYou can find more examples for detecting different forms and patterns on the hook snippets page.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "import {getRequest} from 'relay-runtime'\nimport graphql from 'babel-plugin-relay/macro'\n\ngraphql`\n fragment UpdateDragLocationMutation_meeting on UpdateDragLocationPayload {\n drag: remoteDrag {\n id\n clientX\n clientY\n clientHeight\n clientWidth\n sourceId\n targetId\n targetOffsetX\n targetOffsetY\n }\n }\n`\nconst mutation = graphql`\n mutation UpdateDragLocationMutation($input: UpdateDragLocationInput!) {", "\n updateDragLocation(input: $input)\n }\n`\n\nconst UpdateDragLocationMutation = (atmosphere, variables) => {\n const request = getRequest(mutation).params\n atmosphere.handleFetchPromise(request, variables)\n}\n\nexport default UpdateDragLocationMutation\n" ]

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[ "The “in principal” decision to tunnel the Green Line LRT route in downtown takes us one step closer to finalizing the design of this LRT line and refining the overall cost estimates. ", "It also shows City Council’s commitment to building the best project for Calgary’s future.", "Public engagement and technical design is ongoing on the route alignment in the Beltline, and along the northern portions of the Green Line. ", "The project team is evaluating four alignment options in the Beltline, including a tunneled option under 12 Avenue S, which was approved today for further investigation. ", "Visit our online engagement to provide your input on the Beltline route! ", "A final Beltline recommendation will be made to City Council’s Transportation and Transit Committee by December 2016.Final recommendations on the full 46 kilometre Green Line route, procurement strategy and construction staging will be made in June 2017.The Green Line will be a long-term investment in Calgary’s future, and will likely be constructed in phases over a number of years. ", "Discussions are currently progressing among all three levels of government to determine the overall funding for the program.: ", "In July 2015, the Government of Canada announced support for the Green Line for up to $1.53 billion from the Public Transit Infrastructure Fund. ", "The City is awaiting application guidelines to be released in order to apply for this funding.: ", "Funding discussions are ongoing with the Government of Alberta. ", "The City applied for funding through the Province’s Green Transit Incentives Program (GreenTRIP) on August 31, 2016.: ", "In December 2015, The City committed $1.56 billion over 30 years, contingent on receiving support from the Provincial government.", "For more information visit calgary.ca/greenline" ]

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[ "Jessica Fullalove\n\nJessica Fullalove (born 27 July 1996 in Oldham, England) is a British backstroke swimmer.", "\n\nFullalove competed at the 2013 FINA World Junior Swimming Championships in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland. ", "She was a part of the team for the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics in Nanjing, China, in August. ", "also competed at the commonwealth games in Glasgow, 2014.", "\n\nFullalove swims with the City Of Manchester Aquatics and resides in Manchester.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nBritish Association athlete profile\nBritain at the 2013 Fina Junior Championships\n\nCategory:1996 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:English female swimmers\nCategory:Female backstroke swimmers\nCategory:Swimmers at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics" ]

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[ "Detection of technetium-99 in Ascophyllum nodosum from around the Welsh coast.", "\nThe presence of the radionuclide (99)Tc in the marine environment is of concern to environmental scientists because of its conservative nature and high concentration factor in commercially valuable species. ", "The brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (Linnaeus) Le Jolis was used to biomonitor the spatial distribution of (99)Tc around the Welsh coast, an area relatively unstudied with respect to this isotope. ", "Over the course of a year an inverse relationship was observed between the (99)Tc concentration in A. nodosum samples and approximate straight-line distance from Sellafield. ", "These data show that detectable levels of a Sellafield derived radionuclide are reaching the Welsh coast despite the overall northward movement of the Sellafield plume." ]

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[ "Where next for car technology?", "\n\nVehicle History and Data Expert Cartell.ie always has one eye to the future of the sector. ", "You will have seen reports of our recent Electronomous event in Killarney which brought together a fascinating collection of industry insiders and analysts keen to look at the self-driving cars of the future. ", "Actually, we say the future a lot but the reality is that this technology is already here! ", "Many of those who know the sector will say the self-driving car is actually going to be safer – when you have a fleet of self-driving cars moving along together each capable of predicting the movements of the others this will improve road safety significantly! ", "Of course there will be some set-backs along the way as the technology is rolled out but overall we should embrace this advancement.", "\n\nWith that in mind we are happy to publish the following infographic from Southside Motor Factors which looks at some of the different angles.", "\n\nCartell Personal Account\n\n98% Customer Satisfaction Rating\n\nThe Cartell Customer Service Team proudly boasts a 98% Customer Satisfaction Rating on LiveChat.", "\nIf you have an issue or query feel free to get in touch using the \"chat now\" button in the bottom right corner.", "\nOther Contact options →" ]

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[ "Indonesian President Joko Widodo waves to the student performers (not pictured) upon his arrival to attend the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Summit and related meetings in Clark, Pampanga, northern Philippines November 12, 2017. ", "REUTERS/Erik De Castro\n\nJAKARTA (Reuters) - Indonesian President Joko Widodo replaced the social affairs minister in his Cabinet on Wednesday and picked a new chief of staff in the third reshuffle of his five-year term.", "\n\nThe reshuffle was widely expected because some of Widodo’s ministers have requested leaves of absence to stand in regional elections later this year.", "\n\nHowever, with only one minister involved, it was more modest than some expectations.", "\n\nThe new social affairs minister is Idrus Marham, a member of Golkar, the second-largest party in Widodo’s coalition. ", "He replaces Khofifah Indar Parawansa, who is standing for election in East Java province.", "\n\nWidodo also appointed a new chief of staff, Moeldoko, a retired military chief who uses only one name like many Indonesians.", "\n\nLegislative and presidential elections will be held in 2019." ]

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[ "About 625 results for \"marge simpson\"\n\n4:54 The CBC's Danielle Nerman introduces us to a Calgary couple renovating their kitchen to look just like Marge's from The Simpsons. ", "Stay Connected with CBC News Top News Headlines Possible piece of missing MH370 airliner to be studied in ...CBC, 2 days ago\n\nA former Simpsons cartoonist has left a charming doodle of Homer and Marge in a hotel's guestbook. ", "Alex Ruiz, a former assistant director at The Simpsons, drew the image of Homer and Marge enjoying a beach holiday, with: \"We love Thatch Caye\" ...\n\nAmerica's sweethearts, Homer and Marge Simpson, made a joint statement regarding the gossipthat began earlier this month that they would \"legally separate\" after 27 seasons and countless quarrels.", "As it turns out, the rumors wereso baseless, not even ...\n\nHomer and Marge Simpson released their official statement on the baseless rumors (started by series producer Al Jean) about their marriage being over. (", "Photo : Animation Domination | YouTube) Homer and Marge Simpson assure all their fans that ...\n\nOne of TV's most famous couples is hitting a rough patch. \"", "The Simpsons\" executive producer Al Jean revealed in a new interview that Homer and Marge's marriage will \"legally separate\" when the long-running animated series returns this fall. \"", "In ...\n\nLook out Marge Ever since the release of Caitlyn Jenner 's Vanity Fair cover earlier this month the former Olympian 65 has been featured everywhere — even Miley Cyrus created some Caitlyn-themed artwork Now one artist has turned Jenner into a ...\n\nJun 21, 4:59 pm London, Jun 21 ( ANI ): Marge and Homer Simpson have finally spoken out about the split rumours that they could be getting a divorce in the near future. ", "Earlier Al Jean, one of the original writers of the show, said ...\n\nTroubled times are afoot for The Simpsons as the show heads into its 27th season. , ", "who was one of the mainstays of the cast, and more recently, it's been dogged by rumours that Marge and Homer might be getting a divorce. ", "The rumours have now got ..." ]

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[ "Putin was referring to Edward Snowden, the former NSA contractor who fled to Moscow after releasing reams of classified documents about U.S. surveillance programs. ", "Snowden was granted asylum in Russia in 2013.", "\n\nAD\n\nThe Kremlin is one of Assad’s strongest foreign backers, and Russian airstrikes have pummeled Syrian opposition forces since the end of September, bolstering the beleaguered Assad regime. ", "But Putin has long been said to take a dim view of Assad himself, an ophthalmologist-turned-president who has been engaged in a brutal civil war since the Arab Spring protests of early 2011.", "\n\nDating back to the Soviet era, Syria has been the Kremlin’s biggest ally in the Middle East, and Russia has maintained a naval base in Latakia for decades.", "\n\nAD\n\nPutin’s surprise intervention in Syria was widely seen as an effort to prop up a faltering friend, and also to give Russia a seat at the table in any negotiations about the future of the country.", "\n\nAD\n\nIn the interview, conducted with Germany’s Bild newspaper Jan. 5 but released in part on the Kremlin website on Tuesday, Putin declined an opportunity to call Assad an “ally,” saying that “this is a rather subtle issue.”", "\n\n“I think that President al-Assad has made many mistakes in the course of the Syrian conflict,” Putin said. ", "He called for a new constitution in Syria, followed by early elections. “", "It is the Syrian people themselves who must decide who and how should run their country,” he said.", "\n\nAssad has also expressed willingness to hold new elections if opposition forces put away their weapons, a promise that rebels say is disingenuous coming from a man whose troops drop barrel bombs on civilians.", "\n\nAD\n\nAD\n\nIf Assad were to flee to Moscow, he would be joining a club that includes Ukraine’s deposed President Viktor Yanukovych, who escaped to Russia in February 2014 after being ousted by street protests.", "\n\nAssad made a rare visit to Moscow in October, his first publicly-disclosed trip abroad since the Syrian protests erupted in 2011.", "\n\nRussia recently granted its second-highest state decoration to Syrian Colonel Suheil al-Hassan, a crack battlefield commander who has been seen as a potential rival to Assad himself. ", "Russia’s state-run Sputnik News reported Tuesday that the Syrian officer had been awarded the Order of Friendship at an air base outside Latakia from which Russia has been conducting airstrikes." ]

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[ "In the information age, individuals and organizations may quickly and easily share, access, and disseminate high volumes of digital information. ", "For many individuals and organizations, the ease with which information may be electronically disseminated is empowering. ", "However, the ubiquity of high-speed Internet access via a variety of computing devices may pose unique challenges for individuals and organizations concerned with preventing the loss and/or exposure of sensitive data. ", "Individuals and organizations are therefore increasingly looking to data loss prevention (“DLP”) solutions to protect their sensitive data.", "\nTraditional DLP systems may use proxies to intercept and scan outgoing data to prevent sensitive data from leaving local protected networks into the wider Internet. ", "Unfortunately, the high volume of network traffic common in modern environments may place a significant strain on computing resources as traditional DLP systems scan all data that passes through proxies. ", "Furthermore, DLP systems may scan irrelevant data and thereby increase the chances of false positives while wasting misdirected computing resources.", "\nAccordingly, the instant disclosure identifies and addresses a need for additional and improved systems and methods for data loss prevention for text fields." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to add(copy) an array content to another array in javascript without replacing the content of the array?", "\n\nHow do I copy contents of an array to another array.", "\nI have 2 arrays foo and bar, please have a look below:\nfoo = [] //this is a temp array which will be generated in a loop\nbar = []\n\nfor(someCondition){\n for(someOtherCondition){\n foo = assignSomething;\n }\n // here I want the content of foo to be added to bar array and keep appending to the existing array\n //I tried bar.push(foo) but this just creates an array of foo's but doesn't copy the foo array into bar array.", "\n //I also tried bar = foo.slice() but this just replaces the bar array everytime with new data\n }\n\nThanks for the help.", "\n\nA:\n\nYou may want to use the concat() method of Array's prototype. ", "\nhttps://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/concat\n\nvar alpha = ['a', 'b', 'c'],\r\n numeric = [1, 2, 3];\r\n\r\nvar alphaNumeric = alpha.concat(numeric);\r\n\r\nconsole.log(alphaNumeric);\n\nBrowser compatibility\n\n Desktop Mobile \n\nFeature Chrome Firefox (Gecko) Internet Explorer Opera Safari\nBasic support 1.0 1.0 (1.7 or earlier) 5.5 (Yes) (Yes)\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nКое-что не понимаю в маленькой функции pow(x,n)\n\nВот задание : Напишите функцию pow(x,n) , которая возвращает x в степени n .", "\nИначе говоря, умножает x на себя n раз и возвращает результат. (", "пример:\npow(3, 2) = 3 * 3 = 9\npow(3, 3) = 3 * 3 * 3 = 27\npow(1, 100) = 1 * 1 * ...*1 = 1 \n\n)\nСоздайте страницу, которая запрашивает x и n , а затем выводит\nрезультат pow(x,n) .", "\nЗапустить демо\nP.S. В этой задаче функция обязана поддерживать только\nнатуральные значения n , т.е. ", "целые от 1 и выше.", "\nВот решение \nfunction pow(x, n) {\n var result = x;\n for (var i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n result *= x;\n }\n return result;\n}\nvar x = prompt(\"x?\", '');", "\nvar n = prompt(\"n?\", '');", "\nif (n <= 1) {\n alert('Степень ' + n +\n 'не поддерживается, введите целую степень, большую 1'\n );\n} else {\n alert( pow(x, n) );\n}\n\nМне не понятно зачем нужна часть \n\nfor (var i = 1; i < n; i++)\n\nБез нее так же все работает как и с ней\n\nA:\n\nЭта часть цикл который умножает result на x, n раз \nБез неё же, это будет простое возведение в квадрат\n\n" ]

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[ "Contrast enhancement pharmacokinetics in experimental pancreatitis, diabetes and subcutaneous granuloma.", "\nContrast medium concentration in the pancreas as a function of time after intravenous bolus injection was measured in 12 rats with oil-induced acute pancreatitis, 20 rats with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes and 20 rats with subcutaneous granuloma, induced by sponge, whose pancreatic tissue was used as a control. ", "No significant effect of diabetes was observed. ", "Calculated distribution volume and contrast enhancement in the pancreas were increased in pancreatitis relative to diabetes and controls. ", "The increased enhancement was due to a relatively higher accumulation into the extravascular fluid, considered to represent pancreatic oedema. ", "An even more marked and delayed enhancement was observed with the granuloma tissue and exudate, apparently on a similar basis. ", "There appears to be a possibility of differential diagnosis of some pancreatic lesions using contrast enhanced CT." ]

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[ "Standard Corridor\n\nThe Standard Corridor (previously Third Corridor) type of railway carriage was one of the standard mid-20th century designs, and was coded SK (previously TK) by the LNER and BR, and CF by the LMS. ", "The layout of the coach was a number of compartments, all of which were standard class (known as third class until 1956), linked by a side corridor.", "\n\nThe British Railways produced Mark 1 SK was the most numerous carriage design ever built in the United Kingdom. ", "The original number series carried was 24000–26217. ", "From 1983, those carriages in the 25xxx and 26xxx series were renumbered 18xxx and 19xxx.", "\n\nThere were two variants, those built for the Midland, Scottish, and Eastern / North Eastern regions had six seats per compartment, with fold-up arm-rests which folded into the seat-back, while those built for the Southern and Western regions, with their heavy commuter loadings into London, had eight seats in each compartment, and no arm-rests. ", "Seating was of the interior sprung bench type. ", " Over time, some SKs and BSKs were re-allocated from other regions to the Western, who tended to try to stitch the arm-rests in the up position.", "\n\nIn 1985, a number of Mark 2 First Corridor carriages were declassified to become SKs. ", "They were renumbered from 13xxx to 19xxx, putting them after the end of the Mark 1 range (19452–19560).", "\n\nNo carriages of this type are still in daily use on the main line network, since open saloon carriages are now preferred by operating companies. ", "However, some electric multiple units based on Mark 1 coaches have standard class compartments, such as . ", "Many SKs still operate on preserved UK railway lines.", "\n\nDesignations for standard corridor carriages are as follows:\n\nLivery\nIn 1951 the initial livery for Mk1 coaches on British Railways was crimson lake and cream with black and gold lining, and all new Mk1 SK coaches were delivered in this livery up until 1956. ", "In 1956 the standard livery changed to maroon with black and gold lining, except for the Southern region stock which adopted an unlined dark malachite green. ", "Western Region adopted chocolate and cream on sufficient stock to operate its named trains such as the Cornish Riviera Express and the Torbay Express. ", "In 1965 Manastral Blue & Grey livery was introduced as trailed on XP64 stock the year before and was the network standard for over 20 years. ", "In the 1980s the NSE livery of white with blue at window level and red stripe under was introduced for stock in the south east of England.", "\n\nOrders\n\nconversions\n In 1973-74 4 Second Corridor were converted to Class 309 TSK later become TSOL \n In 1976, 9 Second Corridor where converted to Stowage Vans 80431-80439 POT\n In 1977, 15 Second Corridor where converted to Sorting Vans 80381-80395 POS.", "\n\nDepartmental use\n\nCorridor Brake Standard/Second\nA standard corridor coach with a guard's brake compartment is designated BSK. ", "The Mark 1 BSKs had 4 compartments, built as two variants with or without arm-rests depending on region, as with the SKs.", "\n\nSee also\n Corridor coach\n\nReferences \n\n Keith Parkin Locomotive Hauled Mark 1 Coaching Stock of British Railways The Historical Model Railway Society, \n British Railways Vehicle Diagram Book 200 for Loco Hauld Coaches http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Diagram_Book_200_for_issue.pdf\n Michael Harris British Rail Mark 2 Coaches - the design that launched InterCity Venture Publications \n Ashley Butlin British Rail Coaching Fleet Mk2, Mk3 & Mk4 A British Railways Illustrated Modern Times Series, Irwell Press \n G.M.Kichenside British Railways Coaches 1958 Ian Allan ABC\n P Mallaband & L J Bowles Coaching Stock of British Railways 1976 Railway Correspondence and Travel Society\n P Mallaband & L J Bowles Coaching Stock of British Railways 1978 Railway Correspondence and Travel Society, \n P Mallaband & L J Bowles Coaching Stock of British Railways 1982 Railway Correspondence and Travel Society\n Departmental Coaching Stock DB97xxxx series 1983 Edition, Lineside Publications\n Peter Fox Departmental Coaching Stock First Edition 1984 Platform 5 Publications, \n Roger Butcher & Peter Fox Departmental Coaching Stock Second Edition 1985 Platform 5 Publications, \n Roger Butcher & Peter Fox Departmental Coaching Stock Third Edition 1987 Platform 5 Publications, \n Roger Butcher, Peter Fox & Peter Hall Departmental Coaching Stock Fourth Edition 1990 Platform 5 Publications, \n Roger Butcher Departmental Coaching Stock Fifth Edition 1993 SCT Publications, \n\nCategory:British Rail coaching stock" ]

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[ "Safety of transesophageal echocardiography in patients who are obese.", "\nPatients with obesity tend to have a higher incidence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and sleep apnea, conditions that could potentially predispose to complications during transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). ", "In addition, patients who are obese are more likely to have oxygen desaturation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. ", "However, the safety of TEE in a large cohort of patients with obesity has not been reported. ", "Thus, the safety of TEE in 341 patients who were obese (body mass index >/= 27.5 kg/m(2), mean 41.0 +/- 10.3) and in 323 control patients who were not obese was compared. ", "Minor complications (ie, complications of a transient duration and requiring no or only simple intervention) occurred with equal frequency in the control and obese groups (16.5% vs 16.7%, P = not significant). ", "Transient oxygen desaturation did not differ between the control versus obese group (2.5% vs 3.8%, P = not significant), but was more common (6.7%) in a subgroup (n = 150) of patients who were morbidly obese as compared with control patients (P <.05). ", "Transient hypotension was observed in 3.5% of the obese group compared with 7.4% in the control group (P <.05). ", "However, transient hypertension was noted in 10.6% of the patients who were obese compared with 6.5% in the control group (P =.072). ", "A major complication occurred in 2 patients with obesity, one who required vasopressor medication for persistent hypotension and another needing pharmacologic rate control of atrial fibrillation. ", "One patient in the control group had provoked supraventricular tachycardia and angina. ", "No deaths occurred in either group. ", "Subjective tolerance for the procedure was similar (P = not significant) in both groups with 84% of patients with obesity having good to excellent tolerance compared with 88% in that of the control group. ", "Thus, TEE can be safely performed in patients who are obese." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCount days between two date - J2ME\n\nI want to count days between two date, I found some solutions on the net but the problem is in my NetBeans the GregorianCalendar is not available. ", "So cant calculate the days. ", "Can anyone help ?", "\n\nA:\n\nIn Java Micro Edition you don't have GregorianCalendar, so you have to use:\nDate startDate, endDate;\n...\nint days = (int) ((endDate.getTime() - startDate.getTime()) \n / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)); \n\nWhere the getTime() method of a Date returns the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Q:\n\nConservation of Angular Momentum in different cases\n\nConservation of angular momentum can be applied when there is no external torque on the system which is isolated. ", "However, my physics teacher gives me a sum that:\n\nTwo discs are pressed against each other until they stop slipping on each other. ", "Find angular speed of the bigger disc when they stop slipping. ", "Disc 1 (mass $m$, radius $r$) and disc 2 (mass $m/2$, radius $2r$). ", "Disc 1 had angular speed $\\omega$ initially, whereas disc 2 was at rest initially.", "\n\nI tried to apply the law of conservation of angular momentum in this case since there is no external torque, but my teacher says that angular momentum is not conserved since there is an external torque acting on it. ", "I fail to understand what is the external torque in this case. ", "I don't need the answer to this question, but the reason why the law of conservation of angular momentum cannot be applied, and what is the external torque that acts on this body?", "\n\nA:\n\nLook at the left hand diagram which has the two frictional, equal magnitude and opposite direction. ", "forces (red) acting on the discs.", "\n\nThere are no external forces but each disc has a net force on it and so the centre of mass of each disc will undergo a translation acceleration.", "\nTo stop that translational acceleration of the centres of mass of the two discs forces (blue) must be applied to the axles of the discs and these are external forces for a system which is defined to be just the two discs.", "\n\nNote that there are similar problems where the two discs share a common axis of rotation.", "\nIn that case conservation of angular momentum can be used.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Electric discharge synthesis of HCN in simulated Jovian atmospheres.", "\nHCN has been detected in the Jovian atmosphere at a column density of about 2.2 x 10(-7) moles cm-2. ", "While photochemical synthesis from methylamine and aziridine, upwelling, and lightning have been proposed as possible sources of this HCN, corona discharge has not been previously considered. ", "HCN energy yields (moles J-1) were measured using corona discharge for gas mixtures containing H2, CH4, NH3, with H2/CH4 ratios from 4.4 to 1585. ", "The yields are approximately proportional to the mole fraction of methane in the gas mixture. ", "Assuming that the 3/1 ratio of corona discharge to lightning energy on the Earth applies to Jupiter, HCN column densities from corona discharge could account for approximately 10% of the observed HCN. ", "These estimates are very dependent on the values used for the energy available as lightning on Jupiter and the eddy diffusion coefficients in the region of synthesis." ]

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[ "Jiangkou (disambiguation)\n\nJiangkou typically refers to Jiangkou County in Guizhou.", "\n\nIt may also refer to the following locations in China:\n\nTowns \n\n Jiangkou, Yingshang County, Anhui\n Jiangkou, Wulong County, in Wulong County, Chongqing\n Jiangkou, Yunyang County, in Yunyang County, Chongqing\n Jiangkou, Jianyang, Fujian (将口镇)\n Jiangkou, Putian, in Hanjiang District, Putian, Fujian\n Jiangkou, Fengkai County, Guangdong\n Jiangkou, Guiping, Guangxi\n Jiangkou, Yongcheng (蒋口镇), Henan\n Jiangkou, Zhijiang, Hubei, in Zhijiang, Hubei\n Jiangkou, Dongkou County, in Dongkou County, Hunan\n Jiangkou, Hengnan County, in Hengnan County, Hunan\n Jiangkou, Xupu County, in Xupu County, Hunan\n Jiangkou, Gan County, in Gan County, Jiangxi\n Jiangkou, Liuba County, in Liuba County, Shaanxi\n Jiangkou, Ningshan County, in Ningshan County, Shaanxi\n Jiangkou, Jiange County, in Jiange County, Sichuan\n Jiangkou, Pengshan County, in Pengshan County, Sichuan\n Jiangkou, Pingchang County, in Pingchang County, Sichuan\n\nTownships \n\n Jiangkou Township, Chizhou, in Guichi District, Chizhou, Anhui\n Jiangkou Township, Li County, in Gansu\n Jiangkou Township, Luzhai County, Guangxi\n\nSubdistricts\n\n Jiangkou Subdistrict, Fenghua, Ningbo, Zhejiang\n Jiangkou Subdistrict, Taizhou, Zhejiang, in Huangyan District, Taizhou, Zhejiang" ]

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[ "This invention relates generally to surgical methods and apparatus and relates more particularly to apparatus and methods for implanting a graft within a preselected blood vessel such as the aorta.", "\nIt is known that a tubular graft can be implanted within the aorta of a patient by surgically insizing or sectioning the aorta through the patient's abdomen, inserting the graft through the formed incision and operatively attaching the graft to the wall of the aorta by means of staple-like clips. ", "Such implanting operations, however, are not without risks, and the mortality rate during such operations is presently estimated as ranging between about four to seven percent. ", "Deaths occurring during such implanting operations are believed to be due, at least in part, to the insizing or sectioning of the patient's aorta and abdomen for the implanting of the graft.", "\nIt is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved apparatus and method for implanting a tubular graft within a preselected blood vessel, such as the aorta.", "\nAnother object of the present invention is to provide such a method which circumvents any need to section the abdomen or aorta of the patient and is thereby believed to effectively reduce the mortality rate during such implanting operations.", "\nStill another object of the present invention is to provide such apparatus which is relatively uncomplicated in construction and effective in operation." ]

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[ "Introduction\n============\n\nGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is classified as World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV brain tumors. ", "They are the most common and most malignant tumor of the adult human central nervous system. ", "GBM patients have a poor prognosis with the median survival of approximately below 1 year \\[[@B1]\\]. ", "The poor prognosis in GBM patients is mainly due to the resistance to standard therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiation \\[[@B2]\\]. ", "Recently, stem like cells were reported to increase the GBM resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and expectedly caused GBM recurrence \\[[@B3], [@B4], [@B5]\\].", "\n\nIn the nervous system, stem cells have the properties of self-renewal for expansion and maintenance \\[[@B6]\\]. ", "These neural stem cells (NSCs) are differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte in nervous system development \\[[@B7]\\]. ", "However, the sub-population of NSCs with tumor initiating abilities could play a major role in GBM development. ", "In fact, cancer cells displaying NSCs properties and tumor-initiating abilities comprise a small proportion in GBM \\[[@B8], [@B9]\\]. ", "Cancer initiating cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) especially represent a subpopulation of cancer cells, and are responsible for the maintenance and growth of tumors. ", "Recently, CSCs were identified in various cancers such as some leukemias, breast cancer, gastric cancer and brain tumor \\[[@B10], [@B11], [@B12], [@B13]\\]. ", "These GBM CSCs closely resemble normal NSCs that they share the properties of self-renewal and differentiation \\[[@B14], [@B15]\\]. ", "However, CSCs are distinguished by increased proliferation kinetics and abnormal differentiation \\[[@B12], [@B16], [@B17], [@B18]\\]. ", "Moreover, CSCs may cause relapse and metastasis by giving rise to new tumors.", "\n\nTherefore, the specific therapies targeting CSCs is critically required to overcome therapeutic resistances of GBM. ", "Unfortunately, currently little is known about specific markers of CSCs. ", "Although the protein levels of the CD133 cell surface marker determines success or failure of *in vitro* culture and *in vivo* tumor formation, they are also expressed in normal NSCs \\[[@B11], [@B15], [@B16], [@B19], [@B20]\\]. ", "So, the critical goal of therapeutic development for GBM patients is to identify the specific targeted markers for GBM CSCs that are distinct from normal NSCs. ", "Thus we performed this study to identify the specific cell surface markers of CSCs distinct from human NSCs as a GBM therapeutic targeting markers.", "\n\nMaterials and Methods\n=====================\n\nPrimary cell culture\n--------------------\n\nSurgical specimens were mechanically minced and placed in enzyme mixture solution containing papain (10 unit/ml, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), DNase I (0.1 mg/ml, Roche, Mannheim, Germany), and D,L-cystein (4 mg/ml, Sigma) for 15-30 minutes at 37℃. ", "Dissociated cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 media with % B27 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), 1% penicillin/streptomycin cocktail (Invitrogen), epidermal growth factor (50 ng/ml, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), basic fibroblast growth factor (50 ng/ml, R&D Systems) for neurosphere culture. ", "Alternatively, adherent culture was performed with above culture media with 0.5% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen).", "\n\nIn vitro immunocytochemistry analysis\n-------------------------------------\n\nFor immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis, both 682, 779, 464T, and 532T cells (3×10^3^ cells/well) were cultured on Nunc Lab-Tek II Chamber Slide System (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). ", "The cells were fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized in 0.5% Triton X-100, and then blocked with 1% bovine serum albumin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). ", "Primary antibodies against Sox2 and nestin (Upstate/Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and Alexa-flour 488 dye-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) were utilized. ", "Nuclei were stained by 4\\',6-diamidino-2-pheylindole (DAPI, Invitrogen).", "\n\nIn vivo orthotopic models and tumor formation analysis\n------------------------------------------------------\n\nFor tumor formation, we performed the intracranial injection using anesthetized BALB/c-nu mice of 6 week old. ", "To establish these orthotopic models, the each cells of NSCs and GBM (2×10^5^/5 µl Hank\\'s balanced salt solution, Gibco, Eggenstein, Germany) were stereotypically injected into the left striata of mice (co-ordinates; anterior/posterior, +0.5 mm; medial/lateral, +1.7 mm, dorsal/ventral, -3.2 mm from Bregma). ", "For tumor volume measurement the brain slices were fixed in 10% formalin/phosphate buffered saline, and embedded in paraffin. ", "And then the paraffin blocks were sectioned into 4-µm sections, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.", "\n\nCell surface marker screen analysis\n-----------------------------------\n\nCells were characterized using BD Lyoplate Human Cell Surface Markers Screening Panels (cat no. ", "560747, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). ", "The panels contain 242 antibodies and correspondent isotype controls in three 96-well plates, and the staining was done according to manufacturer\\'s instruction. ", "Two hundred forty-two antibodies for cell surface marker screening were listed in [Table 1](#T1){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "The incubation with primary antibodies was done in a concentration of 0.5 µg per test, and secondary antibodies were used species-specific Alexa 647 (Invitrogen). ", "The measurement was done using flow cytometry, BD Caliber & LSR II @ SNU fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) room, and data analysis was done by using BD Bioscience (San Jose, CA, USA).", "\n\nLimiting dilution assay\n-----------------------\n\nThe cultured cells were enzymatically dissociated into single cell suspensions, and seeded into 96-well plates with various seeding densities of 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 cell per well. ", "After seeding, the plates were incubated at 37℃ for 2-3 weeks. ", "Wells without sphere formation was analyzed, and tumor sphere frequency was calculated using the Extreme Limiting Dilution Analysis (<http://bioinf.wehi.edu.au/software/elda/index.html>). ", "The *P*-value was determined by chi-square test compared with control group, and *P*\\<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.", "\n\nResults\n=======\n\nThe stem cell markers were overexpressed in both normal NSCs and GBM cells\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nWe have previously established the culture method for human multipotent neural cells, as well as the sphere culture method for retaining the stemness of GBM cells \\[[@B21]\\]. ", "Surgical samples from temporal lobe epilepsy patients were cultured under the neurosphere culture conditions without serum. ", "Subsequently, the NSCs, 682, and 779 were identified to express stem cell markers by ICC. ", "The results indicated that stem cell markers, Sox2 and nestin were detected in NSCs, such as 682 and 779 ([Fig. ", "1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}, two left columns). ", "Furthermore, we previously reported that GBM patients-derived cells from surgical specimens were cultured in neurosphere culture conditions without serum for CSCs \\[[@B20], [@B22]\\]. ", "The GBM cells, 532T and 464T were also confirmed for stem cell markers at the protein level. ", "Sox2 and nestin were clearly detected in 532T and 464T cells ([Fig. ", "1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}, two right columns). ", "We additionally showed that Sox2 and nestin were predominantly expressed in nucleus and cytoplasm in both NSCs and GBM cells.", "\n\nGBM cells but not NSCs, generated tumor mass in orthotopic brain xenograft models\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nWe injected animals with NSCs and GBM cells that retained stemness, and identified subsequent tumor formation. ", "The mouse brains injected with 682 and 779 NSCs did not generate tumor mass ([Fig. ", "2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, two left columns, upper panels), but 464T and 532T GBM cells generated tumor mass within the brain ([Fig. ", "2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, two right columns, upper panels). ", "Additionally, we observed cell proliferation in all fixed mouse brains by tissue staining with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody. ", "The result showed that the tumor cells generated after injection with 464T and 532T were stained with the PCNA antibodies ([Fig. ", "2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, two right columns, lower panels), but the mouse brains injected with 682 and 779 were unstained ([Fig. ", "2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, two left columns, lower panels). ", "Active proliferation of the tumor cells only generated by injection with 464T and 532T GBM cells.", "\n\nGD2 and CD90 were significantly overexpressed in GBM cells than NSCs\n--------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nDifferentially overexpressed stem cell markers in GBM cells were identified by staining 779, 682, 464T, and 532T cells with 242 cell surface markers antibodies. ", "The results obtained in 682 and 779 NSCs cells, or in 464T and 532T GBM cells were displayed in [Fig. ", "3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "All data were normalized to the average value with buffer solution. ", "We selected 11 molecules including GD2, CD98, CD91, CD90, CD81, CD59, CD57, CD56, CD47, CD151, and CD146, which showed positive expression of \\>50% in 464T and 532T GBM. ", "The 11 selected molecules were quantified by fold changes to the corresponding average value of NSCs. ", "The results showed that the protein levels of GD2 and CD90 were increased 10 fold and 9.8 fold respectively, in GBM cells than NSCs ([Fig. ", "4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "However, 9 molecules, i.e., CD98, CD91, CD81, CD59, CD57, CD56, CD47, CD151, and CD146 had significant differences of positive expression in GBM cells compared with NSCs.", "\n\nGBM cells with or without GD2 and CD90 had similar in vitro sphere formation capacity\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nCancer contains its own stem cells for maintenance and expansion of the tumor. ", "CSCs generate tumor by self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types, and comprise only a small proportion of cancer cells. ", "Recently, sphere culture was introduced in various stem cell researches including nerve and prostate \\[[@B23], [@B24]\\]. ", "Sphere formation is especially excellent to enrich the CSCs subpopulations. ", "We performed limiting dilution analysis by measuring the frequency of tumor sphere formation to identify the self-renewing capacity of CSCs.", "\n\nFirstly, to determine whether the overexpression of GD2 and CD90 in cancer cells have characteristics of cancer stemness, we performed the cell sorting of tumor cells with or without the protein expression levels of GD2 and CD90, respectively in 464T GBM cells. ", "The results indicated that the cells with or without GD2 and CD90 were 10% and 5%, respectively, in 464T ([Fig. ", "5A](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "We then immediately performed a limiting dilution assay using these sorted cells for sphere formation. ", "The cells with GD2 were not significantly different compared with the cells without GD2 (*P*=0.073) ([Fig. ", "5C](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Additionally, the cells with or without CD90 were also not significantly different (*P*=0.165) ([Fig. ", "5D](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nGBM comprises 55% of primary brain tumors, and it is well known as the primary malignant brain tumor \\[[@B25]\\]. ", "The prognosis of GBM patients is very poor, and recurrence is common \\[[@B1], [@B2]\\]. ", "According to recent reports, one of the causes of GBM recurrence may be CSCs with self-renewal potential, which exists as a small fraction of GBM. ", "CD133 cell surface marker-positive cells, in comparison to CD133-negative cells, were shown to contribute to anti-cancer drug and radiation resistance in several studies on brain tumors. ", "Singh et al. ", "\\[[@B11], [@B19]\\] showed that the FASC sorted CD133-positive cancer cells drive tumor formation, but CD133-negative cancer cells fail to generate tumor mass in mouse brains. ", "These findings suggest that CSCs have a critical role in tumor formation, as well as tumor recurrence by increasing resistance to strong external stresses. ", "Many researchers have recognized the importance of specific markers of CSCs for tumor-initiating cells target therapy. ", "However, CSCs share properties of normal NSCs, such as long term self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into the various neural cell lineages. ", "CD133 plays a critical role in tumor formation and resistance to various stresses in cancer cells, but it is overexpressed in normal NSCs, as well as CSCs. ", "So, we attempted to identify specific markers that are differentially expressed in CSCs as compared to NSCs in this study. ", "In this study, we identified that GD2 and CD90 were significantly increased in GBM cells than NSC cells ([Fig. ", "4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nGD2 disialoganglioside is a sialic-containing glycosphingolipid, which is expressed primarily on the cell membrane, and restricted to neurons in normal tissue \\[[@B26]\\]. ", "However, high expression of GD2 has been found in neuroblastoma, melanoma, bone, small cell lung cancers, and soft-tissue sarcoma, as well as brain tumors \\[[@B27], [@B28], [@B29], [@B30], [@B31], [@B32]\\]. ", "In addition, GD2 is overexpressed in the malignant tumors and exhibits molecular and functional properties of CSCs in breast cancer cell. ", "Battula et al. ", "\\[[@B33]\\] reported that ganglioside GD2 was identified in breast CSCs and promotes tumorigenesis. ", "According to their research, the GD2-positive cells isolated by FACS sorted steps formed 2 fold higher single cell-derived mammospheres as compared with GD2-negative cells. ", "Moreover, the *in vivo* limiting dilution assay to determine the tumor initiating potential of GD2-positive cells was used for identification of tumor generation by sorted GD2-positive and GD2-negative cells. ", "GD2-positive cells generated a maximum 5 fold more tumor compared with the GD2-negative cells. ", "Their results suggested that GD2 is a marker of cells capable of initiating tumors at a higher frequency than GD2-negative cells in breast cancer. ", "So, this overexpression of GD2 is taken notice as a therapeutic marker in a wide spectrum of tumors \\[[@B34], [@B35]\\]. ", "Currently, several GD2 targeting antibodies have already been developed and studied by many researchers for molecular targeting therapy, and are in clinical trial for neuroblastoma and metastatic melanoma \\[[@B36], [@B37]\\].", "\n\nCD90 is a heavily glycosylated, glycophosphatidylinositol anchored cell membrane protein. ", "It is already known as a major marker for human stem cells in liver CSCs, as well as various CSCs, such as hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells \\[[@B38], [@B39], [@B40], [@B41]\\]. ", "According to recent studies, while CD90 is hardly expressed in the normal brain and most low grade astrocytomas, it is dramatically increased in high grade (WHO grade III and IV) glioma \\[[@B42], [@B43]\\]. ", "Thus CD90 is reported by Yang et al. ", "\\[[@B40]\\] that it is a unique surface marker for high grade glioma CSCs. ", "Yang et al. ", "\\[[@B40]\\] reported the significance of CD90-positive CSCs in liver cancer. ", "They showed the sorted CD90-positive cells from 6 HCC cell lines, i.e., HepG2, Hep3B, PLC, Huh7, MHCC97L, and MHCC97H generated tumor nodules in nude mice. ", "Conversely, the CD90-negative cells from all cell lines did not induce tumor formation in mice. ", "Their results that CD90-positive cells positively correlated with tumorigenicity, revealed that CD90 is a potential marker for liver CSCs.", "\n\nThese many reports strongly suggest that GD2 and CD90 may be the potential therapeutic targets for CSCs. ", "In addition, we also obtained the results that GD2 and CD90 may be the potential specific targets for GBM CSCs, because they were prominently overexpressed in GBM CSCs ([Fig. ", "4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "So, we performed *in vitro* experiments to determine whether cells sorted with the GD2 and CD90 antibodies had the characteristic of CSCs since the method was particularly appropriate to observe the characteristics of cancer stemness at the single cell level from heterogeneous GBM patient-derived cells ([Fig. ", "5](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "To elucidate our theories, we choose the limiting dilution analysis to determine the frequency of cells with a particular function that were present in a heterogeneous cell population. ", "However, we could not find that GD2- or CD90-positive cells have *in vitro* sphere formation capacity, a functional characteristics of CSCs distinct from NSCs ([Fig. ", "5C, D](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "As the final outcome, this study indicated that GD2 and CD90 cell surface markers were highly expressed in GBM cells in contrast to NSCs, but did not have a particular characteristic of GBM CSCs. ", "Therefore, we think that the specific overexpressed GD2 and CD90 in GBM cells might not be uses as critical therapeutic targets for GBM CSCs, although they could have other clinical utilities.", "\n\nThis research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2013R1A1A2058169).", "\n\n{#F1}\n\n{#F2}\n\n{#F3}\n\n{#F4}\n\n{#F5}\n\n###### List of 242 cell surface markers in BD Lyoplate Human Cell Surface Markers Screening Panels\n\n![](", "acb-48-44-i001)\n\n[^1]: ^\\*^These two authors contributed equally to this work.", "\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nWhat is the origin of the idea that Lex Luthor is Jewish?", "\n\nI've read on one of the forums once:\n\nWe learn this from a guy named Elliot S! ", "Maggin (yes, he spells his name with an exclamation point), who wrote the Superman strip in the 70s and 80s. ", "His notes on all the characters mentioned their religious affiliations, and reveal that Jimmy Olsen is Lutheran, Lois Lane is RC, Lex Luthor is a non-observant Jew - and Clark Kent is Methodist.", "\n\nWhat exactly is the out-of-universe origin of the idea that Lex Luthor is Jewish? ", "The quote above makes it sound like Maggin didn't invent the idea, merely documented it, though I could be wrong.", "\nDoes it originate with Siegel and Schuster? ", "Someone else? ", "\nI'd prefer somewhat documented evidence over speculation.", "\n\nA:\n\nSilver Age Lex Luthor which Elliot S! ", "Maggin was allowed to write a novel (Last Son of Krypton) using the character described him in that publication as Jewish. ", "\nFrom: TVtropes: Ambiguously Jewish\n\nElliot S! ", "Maggin stated that he saw Lex Luthor as Jewish, and has the character use some Yiddish as a Second Language in his novel Last Son Of Krypton. ", "It should be noted that A) this was Silver Age Luthor, who was not a Corrupt Corporate Executive whose primary trait is greed, B) Maggin is Jewish, and C) Maggin is very, very fond of Luthor.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "var express = require('express');\nvar router = express.", "Router();\n\n/* GET home page. */", "\nrouter.get('/', function(req, res, next) {\n res.render('index', { title: 'Express' });\n});\n\nmodule.exports = router;\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nGetting number of rows affected by an UPDATE in PostgreSQL\n\nvariations of this question has been asked on SO and on many blogs but none offers a straight-forward answer. ", "I hope there is one.", "\nI am updating PostgreSQL 9.0 (from CodeIgniter, PHP framework):\n$sql_order = \"UPDATE meters SET billed=true\"; \n$query = $this->db->query($sql_order);\n\nI simply need a count of rows that were affected by the update, but there seems to be no way to do this with PostgreSQL. ", "The query is now returning a boolean - true.", "\nThe manual and web talk refer to the RETURNING syntax, to GET DIAGNOSTICS, and to a default return type from UPDATE. ", "I haven't been able to get any of these to work. ", "\nIs there a straightforward way of getting rows affect count without having to embed this simple operation into a procedure or transaction. ", "\n\nA:\n\nIn Java I would have used the following:\nStatement stmt = connection.createStatement();\nint rowsAffected = stmt.executeUpdate(\"UPDATE ...\");\n\nIn PHP I believe pg_affected_rows is the way. ", "And in your particular case $this->db->affected_rows()\n\n" ]

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[ "Do blond zebras really have more fun?", "\n\nThat was not a question nature photographer Sergio Pitamitz was trying to answer when he went on an expedition to Tanzania's Serengeti National Park in February. ", "And yet, while filming zebras near a watering hole, he saw it: a rare \"blond\" zebra with a golden mane and dusty stripes, mingling among its herd as if nothing was out of the ordinary.", "\n\nAccording to National Geographic, which recently published Pitamitz's remarkable photos, the fair-haired zebra in question likely has partial albinism — a genetic quirk that results in an absence of the skin pigment melanin.", "\n\nSpeaking to Nat Geo, geneticist Dr. Greg Barsh, who conducts research at the nonprofit HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, said that albinism is extremely rare in zebras and has been studied only in zebras living in captivity. ", "The fact that a partially albino zebra was moving seamlessly within a wild herd suggests that the disorder might be less detrimental to zebra survival than previously thought. [", "The Pink and White Album: Amazing Albino Animals]\n\nEven so, wearing blond stripes when everyone else in your crew has adapted to black stripes does likely pose some challenges to albino zebras.", "\n\nIn a study published in 2014 in the journal Nature Communications, University of California, Davis, ecologists suggested that zebras evolved their signature black-and-white stripes specifically to deter bug bites ( not for camouflage, as the popular logic goes). ", "Tim Caro, lead author of that study, told Nat Geo that it's possible fair-striped zebras would have a harder time deterring pesky insects than their dark-striped kin, as some flies are more likely to land on uniform surfaces than on high-contrast ones.", "\n\nThis rare case has yet to be studied in detail. ", "However, Caro said, the fact that so few blond zebras have been observed in the wild suggests the trait is probably detrimental in some way. ", "It seems that blond zebras may not, in fact, have more fun.", "\n\nOriginally published on Live Science." ]

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[ "Burr, Saskatchewan\n\nBurr is an unincorporated community south of Humboldt, Saskatchewan.", "\n\nIt has an office for the rural municipality of Wolverine No. ", "340, a post office. ", "A short distance north is a hall, and Saint Scholastica Roman Catholic Church (founded 1905).", "\n\nAccording to the Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan, Victoria Cross recipient Raphael Louis Zengel lived in Burr from 1906 to 1914.", "\n\nThe \"Burr Project\" is a plan to extract potash from a large deposit in the area.", "\n\nSee also \n List of communities in Saskatchewan\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nPhotograph of Burr Saskatchewan Pool elevator\nVideo tour by Donald Malcolm Wilson\n\nCategory:Unincorporated communities in Saskatchewan\nCategory:Wolverine No. ", "340, Saskatchewan" ]

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[ "Education Built for You\n\nThe Connected Learner You are part of a new generation not defined by age. ", "You want your information fast, you want to co-create education, and you learn best through collaborative efforts within a community. ", "The LAB system allows you to take more control over your education. ", "Click HERE to learn more about our innovative Pivot Point learning system.", "\n\nWe get you because we ARE you.", "\n\nIf you are going to take the time and expense to do this-\n\nWhy not do it right?", "\n\nWe are a local institution started here in Central Ohio. ", "This is where we developed our pride in\n\nknowing what it takes to make sure you get the best training possible to be the best YOU!", "\n\nExperience is what sets us apart.", "\n\nOur teaching staff has experience through years of continuing education, working in salons, and owning salons. ", "Your experience will include skilled instructors, professional tools, professional products, busy “hands-on” clinics, and gorgeous spa facilities.", "\n\nBe your own brand. ", "Be Local. ", "Be YOU!" ]

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[ "About\n\nThis is an example of a WordPress page, you could edit this to put information about yourself or your site so readers know where you are coming from. ", "You can create as many pages like this one or sub-pages as you like and manage all of your content inside of WordPress.", "\n\nYes, this site hasn’t been active for a while because the administrator has been doing research on more articles and historical data on the Gatuslao family. ", "Additional information will be shared momentarily." ]

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[ "Check out our new site Makeup Addiction\n\nAll The Things\n\nadd your own caption\n\nAll The Things\n\nadd your own caption\n\nAll The Things\n\nadd your own caption\n\nAll The Things\n\nadd your own caption\n\nAll The Things\n\nadd your own caption\n\nAll The Things\n\nadd your own caption\n\nAll The Things\n\nadd your own caption\n\nAll The Things\n\nadd your own caption\n\nAll The Things\n\nadd your own caption\n\nAll The Things\n\nadd your own caption\n\nadd your own caption\n\nEARTH SCIENCE MIDTERM Guess ALL the things!" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nReviewer Badge not awarded\n\nA few days ago I actioned over 200 of my over 1000 reviews, but I still haven't received the Reviewer Badge. ", "Am I missing something? ", "Or is there a time delay until it gets awarded?", "\nUpvoted 137\n\nDownvoted 1\n\nEdited 8\n\nCommented 3\n\nVoted to Close 0\n\nFlagged 55\n\nDeleted 0\n\nReviewed 1235\n\nI have never been any good at math, but by my calculation that's 204 actioned.", "\n\nA:\n\nHave patience. ", "Badges can take anywhere from a few seconds up to a few hours before they actually get awarded to your account. ", "It depends on what badge it is and when you achieved it. ", "For example (for me), the Nice Answer badge tends to get awarded within 15 minutes, while a badge such as Enthusiast (visited 30 consecutive days) can take up to 2 and a half hours to get awarded. ", "Badges are awarded on cycles which, aside from the staff, we really don't know much anything about. ", "If you achieved a badge's requirements just after a cycle ran, you'll have to wait the entire cycle for it to check again. ", "As for when the cycles run, we just know they occur, and you will get the badges you deserve eventually.", "\nIf you're ever unsure, make sure to check out the List of All Badges for specific requirements on each badge, to make sure you're completing it correctly.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "The initial care of newborn infants and subsequent hay fever.", "\nPatterns of neonatal exposure to microorganisms have changed substantially over the last 100 years, and it has been suggested that this has influenced the risk of immune-mediated disease. ", "Using a proxy measure, we tested the hypothesis that the initial handling of newborn infants, which is known to affect the pattern of exposure to microorganisms, may alter the risk of developing subsequent atopy, as indicated by hay fever. ", "Analysis was performed on 5,519 members of the 1970 British Cohort Study, a nationally representative birth cohort. ", "Cohort members with hay fever were identified at intervals up to the age of 26 years. ", "Details of neonatal care and childhood circumstances were recorded prospectively. ", "Those who had spent their first night away from their mother in the communal infant nursery were selected as likely to have experienced atypical exposure compared with infants who remained with their mother. ", "Adjustment was made for potential confounding factors in infancy and childhood by multiple logistic regression analysis. ", "Unadjusted relative odds (with 95% CI) for developing hay fever among those spending the first night in the communal nursery, when compared with other infants who remained with the mother, were 1.48 (1.23-1.77), P<0.001. ", "Comprehensive adjustment for the potential confounding factors, including feeding practices on the first day of life, markers of social and material circumstances, and region, did not substantially alter this relationship, with adjusted relative odds of 1.31 (1.08-1.59), P=0.005. ", "While our proxy measure is associated with an increased risk of hay fever, further research is required to confirm that this is due to the pattern of infectious exposure in very early life. ", "The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the first challenges are particularly important in the development of the newborn infant's immune system." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow does the emotional bond to a pet compare to the emotional bond to a child?", "\n\nWe are a childless couple who have pets, as with many pet parents, the pets are a primary focus of our lives. ", "When illness or death strikes it can be emotionally devastating. ", "\nEmotions are somewhat subjective, and bonds between the lives of any animals (including humans) very across the spectrum. ", " This question is specifically looking for published, peer reviewed, science; comparing the emotional bond of pet parents (no human children) to that of bonds in human to human parentage. ", "\n\nA:\n\nSome research says that at least women may react to dogs in the same way they do with children:\n\n\"It has become common for people who have pets to refer to themselves as \"pet parents,\" but how closely does the relationship between people and their non-human companions mirror the parent-child relationship? ", "A small study from a group of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) researchers makes a contribution to answering this complex question by investigating differences in how important brain structures are activated when women view images of their children and of their own dogs. ", "Their report is being published in the open-access journal PLOS ONE. \"", "\n[...]\n\"the study enrolled a group of women with at least one child aged 2 to 10 years old and one pet dog that had been in the household for two years or longer. \"", "\n[...]\n\"The second session took place at the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging at MGH, where functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – which indicates levels of activation in specific brain structures by detecting changes in blood flow and oxygen levels – was performed as participants lay in a scanner and viewed a series of photographs. ", "The photos included images of each participant's own child and own dog alternating with those of an unfamiliar child and dog belonging to another study participant. ", "After the scanning session, each participant completed additional assessments, including an image recognition test to confirm she had paid close attention to photos presented during scanning, and rated several images from each category shown during the session on factors relating to pleasantness and excitement. \"", "\n[...]\n\"The imaging studies revealed both similarities and differences in the way important brain regions reacted to images of a woman's own child and own dog. ", "Areas previously reported as important for functions such as emotion, reward, affiliation, visual processing and social interaction all showed increased activity when participants viewed either their own child or their own dog. ", "A region known to be important to bond formation – the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SNi/VTA) – was activated only in response to images of a participant's own child. ", "The fusiform gyrus, which is involved in facial recognition and other visual processing functions, actually showed greater response to own-dog images than own-child images.\"", "\n\nhttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-10/mgh-mgs100114.php\n\n" ]

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[ "JADE Gresham has been rewarded for an outstanding debut season with a contract extension that binds him to St Kilda until the end of 2019.", "\n\nThe Saints' high hopes for Gresham were underlined last week when he inherited the club's most revered jumper, changing the No.22 he wore in 2016 for the No.4 worn by Saints greats Tony Lockett, Darrel Baldock, Barry Breen and Andrew Thompson.", "\n\nAnd this week St Kilda rewarded 2015's No.18 draft pick, who was already contracted for 2017, with a new two-year deal.", "\n\nGresham played 18 games in 2016, averaging more than 15 possessions a match. ", "He also kicked 11 goals for the season (equal eighth at St Kilda) and had 10 goal assists (equal seventh).", "\n\nGresham said he had been \"pretty happy\" with his debut season and was looking to build on that in 2017.", "\n\n\"I've loved my time here so far, love being around the club and the boys. ", "I've made some really close mates already, so I'm looking forward to the next few years and what the future holds,\" Gresham said.", "\n\n\"My main focus this pre-season is building my tank so I can hopefully spend more time in the midfield next season if the opportunity comes up. ", "I'm also just looking to improve all aspects of my game so I can hopefully cement my spot in the side next season.\"", "\n\nGresham spent the majority of his time in attack last season, but showed signs of the line-breaking run he could add to St Kilda's on-ball division, finishing third at the club for running bounces (14), behind Jack Steven and Leigh Montagna (both 16). ", "He was also ninth at the Saints for inside 50s (53).", "\n\nMost memorably, Gresham stepped up late in St Kilda's thrilling round 14 win over Geelong.", "\n\nGathering a loose ball near the boundary line, he confounded veteran Cats defender Tom Lonergan with a clever sidestep before swinging on to his right foot to snap a brilliant goal around his body.", "\n\nThe former Northern Knights captain also received one Brownlow Medal vote for his season-high 25-possession haul against Carlton in round 20.", "\n\nThe Saints drafted Gresham with the first-round pick they received from the Sydney Swans in the three-way trade that, among other things, sent Essendon key defender Jake Carlisle to Seaford in return for the Saints' first-round pick, originally No.5 overall.", "\n\nSt Kilda chief operating officer Ameet Bains said the club was \"thrilled\" to secure Gresham until the end of 2019.", "\n\n\"We think the ongoing challenge for Jade is to develop his endurance base to allow him to become a more permanent fixture in our midfield,\" Bains said.", "\n\n\"We saw some really impressive glimpses of what he can add to the midfield during the second half of the season. ", "In particular, he showed how damaging he can be at stoppages and how clean he is in tight.\"", "\n\nSt Kilda is running a '31 by 31' membership campaign that aims to sign 31,000 members by December 31. ", "As of December 9, the Saints had signed 26,434 members." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe invention relates to the field of cooling technology and can be applied to the circuit construction of cooling plants which includes a plurality of cooling cells operating in parallel.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Prior Art\nIn large-scale technical plants, cooling plants are used for the removal of excess process heat, these include a primary and a secondary coolant loop, both cooling loops being coupled through a heat exchanger. ", "In the secondary cooling loop, cooling towers are used for transferring the heat to the environment. ", "The cooling water therein trickles or drips down and is brought into contact with the atmospheric air. ", "In this connection, a distinction must be drawn between naturally ventilated and artificially ventilated cooling towers. ", "The artificially ventilated cooling towers are equipped with at least one blower which draws or pushes the air through the cooling tower (see, for example, the DIN Publication of 1947, Issued June 1959, entitled \"Performance Tests on Cooling Towers\"; and the journal \"Waerme\", Volume 79, No. ", "1, Pages 5 to 9).", "\nArtificially ventilated cooling towers (blower cooling towers) of small construction are frequently provided in larger numbers and operate in parallel in order to obtain a high cooling capacity. ", "These cooling towers, also called \"Cooling Cells\", always include, in addition to a motor-driven blower, a cooling water pump which precedes the spraying device for the warm water entering the cooling cell. ", "The cold water leaving the cooling cell is fed to a common cold water collecting basin from which it is fed to the heat exchanger by means of a pump (secondary cooling water pump). ", "The warmed cooling water can first be collected in a warm water basin and travels from there to the cooling cells by means of appropriate pumps (see the brochure \"Wet Cooling Towers\" of the firm Balcke-Durr, No. ", "2000-3/76). ", "To adapt the cooling plants, constructed from several cooling cells provided for operation in parallel, to different cooling loops, as well as to operating and/or weather conditions, electrically controlled hydraulic circuits are required which are essentially characterized by the use of controlled valves and expensive control circuits. ", "This engenders a certain degree of being trouble prone to the entire cooling plant." ]

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[ "Pussy Galore is one of the most popular Bond girls. ", "The character, played by Honor Blackman in the 1964 film version of Goldfinger, is remembered for her Amazonian attitude and the lesbian tendencies that left Bond enthralled.", "\n\nBut according to a newly discovered letter Ian Fleming wrote to a fan, the James Bond author believed that Pussy Galore’s lesbianism was a “psychological malady”. ", "The only cure, claimed Fleming, is \"the right man\" - and he goes by the name of Bond.", "\n\nThe letter was written in response to a missive sent by a concerned and curious fan. ", "After Dr G Gibson read Fleming's 1959 novel Goldfinger, he struggled to diagnose Pussy's lesbian tendencies and contacted the author for assistance.", "\n\nIn the response that highlights how dated the author's attitudes are, Fleming wrote that “Pussy only needed the right man to perform the laying on of hands to cure her psychopathological malady”.", "\n\nIan Fleming - the Bond author advised the \"laying on of hands\" of the right man to cure what he saw to be a \"psycho-pathological malady\" Credit: Express Newspapers\n\nIn the book, Pussy Galore is the leader of a gang of trapeze artists, working for villain Goldfinger. ", "As part of the plot which demonstrates Fleming's ability to muster nuanced, psychological depth, she changes her mind about the lesbian lusting after she is chatted up by Bond, who relishes \"the sexual challenge all beautiful lesbians have for men\".", "\n\nDr Gibson had previously written to Fleming after reading From Russia with Love, to ask if 007 survives after being poisoned at the end of the novel. ", "The Leicesteshire-dwelling fan received a promising response from Fleming, who told him that a note had been posted at the Secret Service HQ canteen announcing Bond's recovery. ", "Six months later, Dr No was published.", "\n\nThe letters are being put up for auction by Dr Gibson's family. ", "In the wake of Spectre's remarkable box office success, they are expected to fetch upwards of £4,000 each at Bonhams." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThis invention relates generally to nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides that are associated with increased growth and/or stress resistance in plants. ", "In particular, this invention relates to nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides that confer upon a plant increased growth under normal or stress conditions and/or increased tolerance under abiotic stress conditions.", "\n2. ", "Background Art\nAbiotic environmental stresses, such as drought stress, salinity stress, heat stress, and cold stress, are major limiting factors of plant growth and productivity. ", "Crop losses and crop yield losses of major crops such as rice, maize (corn), and wheat caused by these stresses represent a significant economic and political factor and contribute to food shortages in many underdeveloped countries.", "\nPlants are typically exposed during their life cycle to conditions of reduced environmental water content. ", "Most plants have evolved strategies to protect themselves against these conditions of desiccation. ", "However, if the severity and duration of the drought conditions are too great, the effects on plant development, growth and yield of most crop plants are profound. ", "Furthermore, most of the crop plants are very susceptible to higher salt concentrations in the soil. ", "Continuous exposure to drought and high salt causes major alterations in the plant metabolism. ", "These great changes in metabolism ultimately lead to cell death and consequently yield losses.", "\nDeveloping stress-tolerant plants is a strategy that has the potential to solve or mediate at least some of these problems. ", "However, traditional plant breeding strategies to develop new lines of plants that exhibit resistance (tolerance) to these types of stresses are relatively slow and require specific resistant lines for crossing with the desired line. ", "Limited germplasm resources for stress tolerance and incompatibility in crosses between distantly related plant species represent significant problems encountered in conventional breeding. ", "Additionally, the cellular processes leading to drought, cold, and salt tolerance in model, drought- and/or salt-tolerant plants are complex in nature and involve multiple mechanisms of cellular adaptation and numerous metabolic pathways. ", "This multi-component nature of stress tolerance has not only made breeding for tolerance largely unsuccessful, but has also limited the ability to genetically engineer stress tolerance plants using biotechnological methods.", "\nDrought, cold as well as salt stresses have a common theme important for plant growth and that is water availability. ", "Since high salt content in some soils results in less available water for cell intake, its effect is similar to those observed under drought conditions. ", "Additionally, under freezing temperatures, plant cells lose water as a result of ice formation that starts in the apoplast and withdraws water from the symplast. ", "Commonly, a plant's molecular response mechanisms to each of these stress conditions are common and protein kinases play an essential role in these molecular mechanisms.", "\nPlant biomass is yield for forage crops like alfalfa, silage corn, and hay. ", "Many proxies for yield have been used in grain crops. ", "Chief amongst these are estimates of plant size. ", "Plant size can be measured in many ways depending on species and developmental stage, but include total plant dry weight, above-ground dry weight, above-ground fresh weight, leaf area, stem volume, plant height, rosette diameter, leaf length, root length, root mass, tiller number and leaf number. ", "Many species maintain a conservative ratio between the size of different parts of the plant at a given developmental stage. ", "These allometric relationships are used to extrapolate from one of these measures of size to another (e.g. Tittonell et al 2005 Agric. ", "Ecosys. & ", "Environ. ", "105: 213). ", "Plant size at an early developmental stage will typically correlate with plant size later in development. ", "A larger plant with a greater leaf area can typically absorb more light and carbon dioxide than a smaller plant and therefore will likely gain a greater weight during the same period (Fasoula & Tollenaar 2005 Maydica 50: 39). ", "This is in addition to the potential continuation of the micro-environmental or genetic advantage that the plant had to achieve the larger size initially. ", "There is a strong genetic component to plant size and growth rate (e.g. ter Steege et al 2005 Plant Physiology 139: 1078), and so for a range of diverse genotypes plant size under one environmental condition is likely to correlate with size under another (Hittalmani et al 2003 Theoretical Applied Genetics 107: 679). ", "In this way a standard environment is used as a proxy for the diverse and dynamic environments encountered at different locations and times by crops in the field.", "\nHarvest index, the ratio of seed yield to above-ground dry weight, is relatively stable under many environmental conditions and so a robust correlation between plant size and grain yield can often be obtained (e.g. Rebetzke et al 2002 Crop Science 42: 739). ", "These processes are intrinsically linked because the majority of grain biomass is dependent on current or stored photosynthetic productivity by the leaves and stem of the plant (Gardener et al 1985 Physiology of Crop Plants. ", "Iowa State University Press, pp. ", "68-73) Therefore, selecting for plant size, even at early stages of development, has been used as an indicator for future potential yield (e.g. Tittonell et al 2005 Agric. ", "Ecosys. & ", "Environ. ", "105: 213). ", "When testing for the impact of genetic differences on stress tolerance, the ability to standardize soil properties, temperature, water, and nutrient availability and light intensity is an intrinsic advantage of greenhouse or plant growth chamber environments compared to the field. ", "However, artificial limitations on yield due to poor pollination due to the absence of wind or insects, or insufficient space for mature root or canopy growth, can restrict the use of these controlled environments for testing yield differences. ", "Therefore, measurements of plant size in early development, under standardized conditions in a growth chamber or greenhouse, are standard practices to provide indication of potential genetic yield advantages.", "\nThere is a fundamental physiochemically-constrained trade-off, in all terrestrial photosynthetic organisms, between carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption and water loss (Taiz and Zeiger, 1991, Plant Physiology, Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., p. 94). ", "CO2 needs to be in aqueous solution for the action of CO2 fixation enzymes such as Rubisco (Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase) and PEPC (Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase). ", "As a wet cell surface is required for CO2 diffusion, evaporation will inevitably occur when the humidity is below 100% (Taiz and Zeiger, 1991, p. 257). ", "Plants have numerous physiological mechanisms to reduce water loss (e.g. waxy cuticles, stomatal closure, leaf hairs, sunken stomatal pits). ", "As these barriers do not discriminate between water and CO2 flux, these water conservation measures will also act to increase resistance to CO2 uptake (Kramer, 1983, Water Relations of Plants, Academic Press p. 305). ", "Photosynthetic CO2 uptake is absolutely required for plant growth and biomass accumulation in photoautotrophic plants.", "\nWater Use Efficiency (WUE) is a parameter frequently used to estimate the trade off between water consumption and CO2 uptake/growth (Kramer, 1983, Water Relations of Plants, Academic Press p. 405). ", "WUE has been defined and measured in multiple ways. ", "One approach is to calculate the ratio of whole plant dry weight, to the weight of water consumed by the plant throughout its life (Chu et al., ", "1992, Oecologia 89: 580). ", "Another variation is to use a shorter time interval when biomass accumulation and water use are measured (Mian et al., ", "1998, Crop Sci. ", "38: 390). ", "Another approach is to utilize measurements from restricted parts of the plant, for example, measuring only aerial growth and water use (Nienhuis et al 1994 Amer. ", "J. Bot. ", "81: 943). ", "WUE also has been defined as the ratio of CO2 uptake to water vapor loss from a leaf or portion of a leaf, often measured over a very short time period (e.g. seconds/minutes) (Kramer, 1983, p. 406). ", "The ratio of 13C/12C fixed in plant tissue, and measured with an isotope ratio mass-spectrometer, also has been used to estimate WUE in plants using C3 photosynthesis (Martin et al., ", "1999, Crop Sci. ", "1775).", "\nAn increase in WUE is informative about the relatively improved efficiency of growth and water consumption, but this information taken alone does not indicate whether one of these two processes has changed or both have changed. ", "In selecting traits for improving crops, an increase in WUE due to a decrease in water use, without a change in growth would have particular merit in an irrigated agricultural system where the water input costs were high. ", "An increase in WUE driven mainly by an increase in growth without a corresponding jump in water use would have applicability to all agricultural systems. ", "In many agricultural systems where water supply is not limiting, an increase in growth, even if it came at the expense of an increased water use (i.e. no change in WUE), could also increase yield. ", "Therefore new methods to increase both WUE and biomass accumulation are required to improve agricultural productivity. ", "As WUE integrates many physiological processes relating to primary metabolism and water use, it is typically a highly polygenic trait with a large genotype by environment interaction (Richards et al., ", "2002, Crop Sci. ", "42: 111). ", "For these and other reasons, few attempts to select for WUE changes in traditional breeding programs have been successful.", "\nAlthough some genes that are involved in stress responses and water use efficiency in plants have been characterized, the characterization and cloning of plant genes that confer stress tolerance and water use efficiency remains largely incomplete and fragmented. ", "For example, certain studies have indicated that drought and salt stress in some plants may be due to additive gene effects, in contrast to other research that indicates specific genes are transcriptionally activated in vegetative tissue of plants under osmotic stress conditions. ", "Although it is generally assumed that stress-induced proteins have a role in tolerance, direct evidence is still lacking, and the functions of many stress-responsive genes are unknown.", "\nThere is a need, therefore, to identify additional genes expressed in stress tolerant plants and plants that are efficient in water use that have the capacity to confer stress tolerance and/or increased water use efficiency to the host plant and to other plant species. ", "Newly generated stress tolerant plants and plants with increased water use efficiency will have many advantages, such as an increased range in which the crop plants can be cultivated, by for example, decreasing the water requirements of a plant species. ", "Other desirable advantages include increased resistance to lodging, the bending of shoots or stems in response to wind, rain, pests, or disease.", "\nProtein kinases represent a super family and the members of this family catalyze the reversible transfer of a phosphate group of ATP to serine, threonine and tyrosine amino acid side chains on target proteins. ", "Protein kinases are primary elements in signaling processes in plants and have been reported to play crucial roles in perception and transduction of signals that allow a cell (and the plant) to respond to environmental stimuli. ", "In particular, receptor protein kinases (RPKs) represent one group of protein kinases that activate a complex array of intracellular signaling pathways in response to the extracellular environment (Van der Gear et al., ", "1994 Annu. ", "Rev. Cell Biol. ", "10: 251-337). ", "RPKs are single-pass transmembrane proteins that contain an amino-terminal signal sequence, extracellular domains unique to each receptor, and a cytoplasmic kinase domain. ", "Ligand binding induces homo- or hetero-dimerization of RPKs, and the resultant close proximity of the cytoplasmic domains results in kinase activation by transphosphorylation. ", "Although plants have many proteins similar to RPKs, no ligand has been identified for these receptor-like kinases (RLKs). ", "The majority of plant RLKs that have been identified belong to the family of Serine/Threonine (Ser/Thr) kinases, and most have extracellular Leucine-rich repeats (Becraft, P W. 1998 Trends Plant Sci. ", "3: 384-388).", "\nAnother type of protein kinase is the Ca+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK). ", "This type of kinase has a calmodulin-like domain at the COOH terminus, which allows response to Ca+ signals directly without calmodulin being present. ", "Currently, CDPKs are the most prevalent Ser/Thr protein kinases found in higher plants. ", "Although their physiological roles remain unclear, they are induced by cold, drought and abscisic acid (ABA) (Knight et al., ", "1991 Nature 352: 524; Schroeder, J I and Thuleau, P., 1991 Plant Cell 3: 555; Bush, D. S., 1995 Annu. ", "Rev. Plant Phys. ", "Plant Mol. ", "Biol. ", "46: 95; Urao, T. et al., ", "1994 Mol. ", "Gen. Genet. ", "244: 331).", "\nAnother type of signaling mechanism involves members of the conserved SNF1 Serine/Threonine protein kinase family. ", "These kinases play essential roles in eukaryotic glucose and stress signaling. ", "Plant SNF1-like kinases participate in the control of key metabolic enzymes, including HMGR, nitrate reductase, sucrose synthase, and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). ", "Genetic and biochemical data indicate that sugar-dependent regulation of SNF1 kinases involves several other sensory and signaling components in yeast, plants and animals.", "\nAdditionally, members of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) family have been implicated in the actions of numerous environmental stresses in animals, yeasts and plants. ", "It has been demonstrated that both MAPK-like kinase activity and mRNA levels of the components of MAPK cascades increase in response to environmental stress and plant hormone signal transduction. ", "MAP kinases are components of sequential kinase cascades, which are activated by phosphorylation of threonine and tyrosine residues by intermediate upstream MAP kinase kinases (MAPKKs). ", "The MAPKKs are themselves activated by phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues by upstream kinases (MAPKKKs). ", "A number of MAP Kinase genes have been reported in higher plants.", "\nCasein kinase II (CK2) proteins represent a class of serine/threonine kinases that phosphorylate serine or threonine residues proximal to acidic amino acids. ", "CK2 proteins have been demonstrated to phosphorylate a large number of physiological targets, and do not demonstrate the strict specificity that other families of protein kinases exhibit for phosphorylation targets. ", "The minimal consensus sequence for phosphorylation has been demonstrated to be Ser-Xaa-Xaa-Acidic, where Acidic=Glu, Asp, pSer, or pTyr).", "\nThe functional CK2 enzyme has been demonstrated to consist of a tetramer of two catalytic α subunits and two regulatory β subunits. ", "The CK2β regulatory subunit is almost completely conserved across organisms. ", "The CK2α catalytic subunit contains an N terminal core conserved kinase domain and a more divergent C terminal domain of approximately 32 to 34 amino acids. ", "This divergent C terminal domain is recognized as the distinguishing feature of distinct isoenzymes encoded by different genes within one organism (Lozeman, et al., ", "1990). ", "It has been shown that these isoenzymes can partially complement knock out mice, but do not completely complement all phenotypes, indicating functional importance of the isoenzymes and this C terminal divergent domain (Xu et al., ", "1999). ", "This divergent C terminal domain may be of even more relevance as new studies indicate that naturally occurring free CKα are commonly found in plants, perhaps with functions novel to the tetrameric complex (Filhol et al., ", "2004)." ]

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[ "Matthew J. Tow\n\nMatthew J. Tow is an Australian singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. ", "Perhaps best known as the singer and guitarist of 1990s Sydney indie band Drop City, Tow currently fronts international neo-psychedelic rockers The Lovetones.", "\n\nRolling Stone hailed Matthew J. Tow's songwriting as being worthy of Ray Davies, Bowie, Lennon and McCartney.", "\n\nSplash \n\nMatthew's first experience as a recording artist came with early 1990s Sydney indie band Splash (which also included singer-songwriter Gavin Mclean), who released a 4 track EP titled Pendulum in 1991. ", " The Tow-Mclean songwriting partnership would spill over onto early Drop City releases.", "\n\nDrop City \n\nMatthew formed Drop City (also known as Drop City Three) in Sydney, Australia at the beginning of 1993. ", " Later that year they recorded their first album A Revolution Of Purely Private Expectations which was released on the Red Eye label through Polydor in 1994. ", "Two more albums were to follow; Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow and, Chiaroscuro. ", "After 4 well received full-length LP's, a handful of EP's, 2 Big Day Out appearances and tour support for artists such as The Stone Roses, Stereolab, Yo La Tengo and Manic Street Preachers, Drop City disbanded in late 2000 amid what Tow described as a 'tidal wave of indifference'.", "\n\nDrop City Discography:\n\nColorsound \n\nIn 1994, Tow recorded a solo album You’re Only As Good As Your Sound under the moniker of Colorsound which was picked up by Summershine Records in Australia. ", "The following year it was released in the US on Sub Pop. ", "He has since released a further 4 albums in this guise. ", " These releases are typically instrumental and far more experimental than Matthews other projects.", "\n\nColorsound Discography:\n\nBrian Jonestown Massacre \n\nIn 2003 Matthew had the opportunity to join long-time friend Anton Newcombe and his legendary San Francisco based psychedelic outfit The Brian Jonestown Massacre, touring the United States and the UK with them for 3 months as a guitarist. ", " He also contributed 2 songs to their 2003 album '...And This is Our Music'. ", " Tow's opening track \"Starcleaner\" later also appeared on the BJM retrospective Tepid Peppermint Wonderland.", "\n\nThe Lovetones \n\nThe Lovetones released their debut album, Be What You Want, in 2002 through Bomp! ", "Records. ", " The album was reviewed in Creem and Rolling Stone magazine. ", "The second album, Meditations, was released through New York's Tee Pee Records in late 2005. ", "Returning from shows in the US in late 2005 and also at SXSW 2006, The Lovetones toured to support Meditations Australian release in May 2006. ", "In June 2006 The Lovetones completed a European tour across 12 countries with The Brian Jonestown Massacre in support of Meditations, released there through Tee Pee/Cargo Records, culminating in an album review in respected UK magazine Uncut. ", " The Lovetones performed a reunion show in Sydney on 31 July 2015.", "\n\nThe Lovetones also recorded their third album, Axiom, during 2006 with sessions split between Figment Studios in Hollywood and the Sydney Opera House Recording Studio. ", "The new album was released in June 2007 through Tee Pee Records.", "The Lovetones Discography:'''\n\n Personal life \n\nMatthew is married and lives in Sydney, Australia.", "\nHis first solo album, The Way of Things'', was released in February 2013 and the follow up 'Shadows' Reign' released in 2016 by Xemu Records\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \nhttp://www.matthewjtow.com Official site (currently down)\nhttp://www.thelovetones.com Official Lovetones site (currently down)\nhttp://www.myspace.com/thelovetones - The Lovetones on Myspace\nhttp://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/thelovetones/ - The Lovetones Message Board\nhttp://www.rhino.com/RZine/rhinocasts/podcastkeeper.lasso?shownum=13 - The Lovetones interview/live performance at rhino.com (Nov 2005)\nhttp://www.adasam.plus.com/rayman/idx1.htm - Colorsound (Matthew J Tow solo project)\n\nCategory:Australian male singers\nCategory:Australian rock singers\nCategory:Australian rock guitarists\nCategory:Australian songwriters\nCategory:Autoharp players\nCategory:Psychedelic rock musicians\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Year of birth missing (living people)" ]

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[ "LETTER: Who needs parking? ", "No one in Kingston City Hall, obviously\n\nTwenty-one thousand cars per day per the consultants and, instead of putting a bike lane on the “new” greenway /old railroad tracks to Kingston Plaza or on parallel to Broadway, Clinton Avenue to Academy Green Park, we send the bicyclists into the Chandler Drive intersection which the Department of Transportation will replace in a few years?" ]

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[ "Umm as Sabaan\n\nUmm as Sabaan () is an islet in Bahrain. ", "It lies off the north western corner of Bahrain Island, near Budaiya village, and east of Jidda Island, located in the Persian Gulf. ", "It lies west of the capital, Manama, on Bahrain Island.", "\n\nHistory\nThe island was privately owned by Sheikh Mohammed bin Salman Al Khalifa, uncle of the present King, Hamad bin Isa al Khalifa, and brother of Prime Minister Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa. ", "Sheikh Mohammed renamed the island after himself as Al Mohammediya ().", "\n\nIn the 1930s, the ruler of Bahrain gave the island as a gift to Max Thornburg, an American oil executive from Caltex. ", "He used it as his private residence and office.", "\n\nGeography\nThe village has a family of fisherman who fish for exotic snails at the coast of the island.", "\n\nAdministration\nThe island belongs to Northern Governorate .", "\n\nImage gallery\n\nReferences\n\n Islands And Maritime Boundaries Of The Gulf 1798–1960, Archive Editions\n Personal diary of Charles D. Belgrave, British Advisor to the ruler of Bahrain, 1926 - 1957\n Article about politics of the islands, Abbas al Murshid\n\nCategory:Islands of Bahrain" ]

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[ "1998 Shanghai Open\n\nThe 1998 Shanghai Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Shanghai, China that was part of the International Series of the 1998 ATP Tour. ", "It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from 5 October until 12 October 1998. ", "Second-seeded Michael Chang won the singles title.", "\n\nFinals\n\nSingles\n\n Michael Chang defeated Goran Ivanišević, 4–6, 6–1, 6–2\n It was Chang's 2nd singles title of the year and the 33rd of his career.", "\n\nDoubles\n\n Mahesh Bhupathi / Leander Paes defeated Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde, 6–4, 6–7, 7–6\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n ITF tournament edition details\n\nShanghai Open\nCategory:Kingfisher Airlines Tennis Open\nCategory:Sports competitions in Shanghai\nCategory:Tennis in China\nCategory:1998 in Chinese sport\nCategory:October 1998 sports events in Asia\nCategory:1990s in Shanghai" ]

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[ "Viable lymphocytes in frozen washed blood.", "\nSamples of glycerolized, frozen, packed cells, were washed by each of three systems and then were cultrued for viable lymphocytes using the short-term culture method. ", "Of the 39 samples, 17 (43.6%) showed definite evidence of growth of lymphocytes. ", "Of the 17, 11(64.7%) were washed by Elutramatic, two (11.8%) by Haemonetics, and four (23.5%) by IBM. ", "The 4 C prefreeze (two to five days) as well as the -80 C (21 To 40 days) storage times were the same for both positive and negative specimens. ", "In all samples, clumps of distorted granulocytes with pyknotic nuclei were seen in addition to a number of well-preserved mononucleated white cells. ", "In the 17 specimens which showed growth, incorporation of 3H-thymidine was seen only in the PHA-induced blast cells; typical mitotic figures were seen in some cultures. ", "These observations demonstrate that lymphocytes remain viable in frozen blood stored at -80 C up to 40 days. ", "The significant difference in removal of viable lymphocytes noted in specimens washed by different instruments requires further evaluation." ]

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[ "There is an increasing need for better protection via barriers to liquids, bacteria, or viruses, without sacrificing comfort, e.g., breathability and absorbency, for disposable personal protective apparel and disposable absorbent articles.", "\nVapor or gas permeable, microporous “breathable” material that is permeable to vapors or gas yet substantially impermeable to liquid have been developed in the past. ", "Breathability previously has been imparted in polymer films by using inorganic fillers in the film polymer formulation, extruding the filler/polymer formulation into a film, and then mechanically stretching the film sufficiently to create voids around the filler particles, to make the film breathable. ", "In a subsequent separate process, the breathable film made with inorganic filler in such a manner can be laminated with a nonwoven web using adhesive or a point-bonding calendar to produce a soft, textile like composite. ", "Monolithic membranes or films also have been previously developed that of polymer resins that allow the passage of water vapor because of the hydrophilic character of the resin itself. ", "These previous monolithic membranes/films are “breathable” barriers in the sense that the film acts as a barrier to liquids, but have passages with cross-sectional sizes on a molecular scale formed by a polymerization process. ", "The passages serve as conduits by which water (or other liquid) vapor molecules can pass through the film as a result of a concentration gradient across the monolithic membrane or film. ", "This process is referred to as activated diffusion. ", "However, raw materials for such monolithic “breathable” films are relatively expensive when compared to conventionally used polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene and their copolymers. ", "Solutions for imparting breathability in films that do not require specialty chemicals, and instead can use more economical and widely available raw materials are needed.", "\nU.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,087,551 relates to a multi-denier non-woven fabric suitable for use as a body side liner in disposable absorbent products having an absorbent core positioned between a non-woven fabric and a separately preformed, body fluid-impermeable backing sheet. ", "The multi-denier non-woven fabric is made from an interconnected network thermoplastic polymer fibre elements comprising a homogeneous blend of high denier and low denier fibres.", "\nU.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,781,027, similar to U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,087,551, relates in part to a composite structure including a mixed denier nonwoven fabric made of a homogeneous blend of large and small denier fibres. ", "U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,781,027, similar to similar to U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "6,087,551 as well as U.S. Pat. ", "Nos. ", "6,595,042 and 6,946,585, shows a nonwoven fabric combined with a fluid impermeable backing sheet in a structure including an intervening absorbent core. ", "The nonwoven fabric and backing sheet in these references appear to be combined as separately preformed layers." ]

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[ "Simultaneous Analysis of 2D Echo Views for Left Atrial Segmentation and Disease Detection.", "\nWe propose a joint information approach for automatic analysis of 2D echocardiography (echo) data. ", "The approach combines a priori images, their segmentations and patient diagnostic information within a unified framework to determine various clinical parameters, such as cardiac chamber volumes, and cardiac disease labels. ", "The main idea behind the approach is to employ joint Independent Component Analysis of both echo image intensity information and corresponding segmentation labels to generate models that jointly describe the image and label space of echo patients on multiple apical views, instead of independently. ", "These models are then both used for segmentation and volume estimation of cardiac chambers such as the left atrium and for detecting pathological abnormalities such as mitral regurgitation. ", "We validate the approach on a large cohort of echoes obtained from 6,993 studies. ", "We report performance of the proposed approach in estimation of the left-atrium volume and detection of mitral-regurgitation severity. ", "A correlation coefficient of 0.87 was achieved for volume estimation of the left atrium when compared to the clinical report. ", "Moreover, we classified patients that suffer from moderate or severe mitral regurgitation with an average accuracy of 82%." ]

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