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[
"In a spot-type disc brake one brake shoe is actuated directly by the piston of a hydraulic actuating apparatus. ",
"In this configuration, the piston is in abutment against the backplate of the brake shoe and urges the brake shoe axially against the brake disc during the braking operation. ",
"It is state of the art to rivet a retaining spring to the backplate of the brake shoe. ",
"The retaining spring is typically shaped as a spring plate having spring arms that engage the hollow piston and abut against its inside wall. ",
"By means of the spring, the brake shoe is captivated to the piston so that upon braking it is entrained by the piston when the latter is being retracted and a clearance is thereby created between the brake shoe and the brake disc.",
"\nPrior-art retaining springs are comprised of a plane, central fixing section which is in abutment against the backplate of the brake shoe and which is formed with an opening for the passage of a rivet. ",
"Laterally said fixing section passes over to three spring arms which are bent off substantially at right angle relative to the plane of the fixing section and which jut out from the backplate in order to extend into the hollow brake piston. ",
"In this context, two spring arms are disposed opposite each other with respect to the axis of the piston and the third one at right angle to it.",
"\nIt is, moreover, prior art to furnish the backplate with a buttonhead through tab so that a projection standing out from the plane of the backplate is formed to which the retaining spring is fixed.",
"\nFurthermore, it is state of the art to coat the backplates with a silencing varnish paint in order to prevent braking noise. ",
"The silencing varnish paint is customarily applied by means of a roller being passed over the backplate. ",
"However, no projections must then jut out from the plane of the backplate which could damage said roller.",
"\nIt is an object of the invention to create a brake shoe in which a retaining spring is fixed to a projecting buttonhead through tab of the backplate and in which the backplate is coated with silencing varnish paint.",
"\nThe arrangement of the present invention bears the advantage that the silencing varnish paint can be applied in the proven manner by means of a roller. ",
"Said roller requires only a slight modification by dividing it into two sections or part-rollers in order to avoid the projecting buttonhead through tabs. ",
"In this way a band-shaped range of the backplate will result which is free of silencing varnish paint and in which the buttonhead through tabs are positioned.",
"\nIn order not to impair the effect of the silencing varnish paint, the band-shaped range must be as narrow as possible. ",
"Because of its width, a plane fixing section of the retaining spring would abut against the backplate both in the band-shaped range and in the range coated with silencing varnish paint and become more or less deformed during the riveting depending on the thickness of the layer of silencing varnish paint. ",
"An undefined deformation of the fixing section leads, however, to an unpredictable position of the spring arms, so that their full operativity can no longer be relied on.",
"\nBecause of the presence of the plateau-shaped step, the installation of the fixing section on the backplate is limited to the section of the backplate which is free of silencing varnish paint, whereby any deformation is avoided and the operability of the spring arms, in particular a constant force of pressing against the brake piston, is, advantageously, preserved.",
"\nOn account of the inventive reduced abutment surface of the fixing section, a retaining spring which is fastened in the customary manner by one single buttonhead through tab having a circular cross section will be safeguard against twisting."
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"List of Guyanese women writers\n\nThis is a list of women writers of Guyana.",
"\n\n Andaiye (1942–2019)\n\n Mahadai Das (b. 1954)\n Brenda DoHarris\n Beryl Gilroy (1924–2001)\n Janet Jagan (1920–2009)\n Meiling Jin (b. 1956)\n Laxmi Kallicharan (1951–2002)\n Oonya Kempadoo (b. 1966)\n Karen King-Aribisala\n Sharon Maas (b. 1951)\n Pauline Melville (b. 1948)\n Grace Nichols (b. 1950)\n Elly Niland\n Ryhaan Shah\n Rajkumari Singh (1923–1979)\n Narmala Shewcharan\n Jan Shinebourne (b. 1947)\n Rajkumari Singh (1923–1979)\n Maya Tiwari (b. 1952)\n\n \nWomen\nGuyana\nGuyanese women writers\nWriters"
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"Poll Question\n\nDate Created\n\nCurrent Result\n\nVotes\n\nAdditional Info:\n\nFoster Web Marketing, is in the Marketing/advertising industry. ",
"Their main office can be found in Kings Park West, VA, and they can be contacted through Foster Web Marketing email using the domain @fosterwebmarketing.com format, some important contact information like linkedin data, phone numbers, contacts for cfos, etc of which can be found on their Lead411 profile. ",
"If you sign up for our free trial you will see our email@fosterwebmarketing.com addresses.",
"\n\nCompany Background:\n\nFull company description is available with the free trial.",
"\n\nSimilar Companies:\n\nDan Kaufman Graphics\n\nThe company profile also contains facebook info, phone numbers, linkedin accounts, cfo contacts, and Dan Kaufman Graphics email format addresses with the domain of @dkgpromotions.com. ",
"Dan Kaufman Graphics, a Marketing/advertising company has its main office in Arlington, VA. ",
"If you sign up for our free trial you will see our email@dkgpromotions.com addresses.",
"\n\nThe Society for Marketing Professional Services\n\nLooking for company data regarding The Society for Marketing Professional Services's CEO or CFO? ",
"The Society for Marketing Professional Services is part of the Marketing/advertising field and are located in the area of Alexandria, VA. ",
"Some of the helpful data that can be found on their Lead411 profile include The Society for Marketing Professional Services email addresses marked by the domain format @smps.org. ",
"Other contact information could contain cfo names, phone numbers, linkedin profiles, corporate contacts, and facebook profiles. ",
"If you sign up for our free trial you will see our email@smps.org addresses.",
"\n\nRhodes Communications Inc\n\nRhodes Communications Inc, is in the Marketing/advertising industry. ",
"Their main office can be found in Norfolk, VA, and they can be contacted through Rhodes Communications Inc email using the domain @rhodescommunications.com format, some important contact information like linkedin data, phone numbers, contacts for cfos, etc of which can be found on their Lead411 profile. ",
"If you sign up for our free trial you will see our email@rhodescommunications.com addresses."
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"Vegas Revolution\n\nVegas Revolution is a 2008 Travel Channel show that goes behind the scenes of Las Vegas attractions. ",
" The series includes Vegas Spectacles, Vegas Adrenaline, Vegas Cravings, Vegas Extravagance, and Vegas Retreats. ",
" It is produced by Prometheus Entertainment.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\nCategory:Travel Channel original programming\nCategory:Las Vegas Valley\nCategory:2000s American television series\nCategory:2010s American television series\nCategory:2008 American television series debuts"
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[
"(h) = 7*h**2 - 7*h + 6. ",
"Let c(y) = x*k(y) + 7*r(y). ",
"Is c(2) prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet b be 2 - (0 - (-2 - 1086)). ",
"Let u be ((-4)/6)/(4/b). ",
"Let i = u - 104. ",
"Is i a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nLet k be (1 + 0)*631 + -51 + 48. ",
"Let g = 1301 - k. Is g a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose -41845 + 2142 = -f. ",
"Is f a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -2*y = 4*d - 1718, y + 1740 = 4*d + 13. ",
"Let v(u) = -8*u**2 + 10*u - 22. ",
"Let h be v(5). ",
"Let a = h + d. Is a prime?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 5*j - 5*s = 8805, 0*s - 15 = -5*s. ",
"Suppose -6*z + 2958 = -j. ",
"Is z a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nLet f(x) = 7193*x**2 - 40*x - 119. ",
"Is f(-3) prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet m(a) = 72*a**2 - 12*a + 23. ",
"Is m(3) prime?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 0 = -4*y, 6*y + 28466 = 2*h + 9*y. ",
"Is h prime?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 0 = 2*u + 3*d - 21362, -2*d - 21382 = 22*u - 24*u. ",
"Is u composite?",
"\nFalse\nIs 18/(-261) + 982783/29 a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nLet s(z) = -126*z**2 + z - 2. ",
"Let n be s(2). ",
"Let f = n - -876. ",
"Suppose -1870 = -5*c + 3*w, -w = c - 2*w - f. Is c prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet o(d) be the first derivative of 307*d**2/2 + 11*d - 21. ",
"Is o(8) a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nLet k = 236333 - 132754. ",
"Is k prime?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 2 = -2*q + 3*q. ",
"Let a(j) = j**3 - j**2 + 2*j - 3. ",
"Let m be a(q). ",
"Let c(x) = 2*x**3 - 5*x - 2. ",
"Is c(m) composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet j be 7 + (1 - -1 - 3). ",
"Let a be 4095/6 - j/(-4). ",
"Is (-1)/2 + a/8 prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet j(r) = r - 1. ",
"Let n be j(-1). ",
"Is 47008/48 + n/6 prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet g = 6720 - 4658. ",
"Is g a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nLet g(q) = 2024*q + 1. ",
"Is g(2) a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nLet z(d) = 1424*d + 275. ",
"Is z(4) composite?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose -24*k + 25*k = 794. ",
"Is k composite?",
"\nTrue\nLet t(u) = -1173*u + 955. ",
"Is t(-14) composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet m = -375 + 672. ",
"Let o = 604 - m. Is o composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet k(u) = -4013*u + 5. ",
"Is k(-4) composite?",
"\nFalse\nIs (1/2)/((-17)/(-204170)) a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 4*n + 3*w - 3 = 0, -n + 5*w = w - 15. ",
"Suppose -3*i + 15 = 0, -n*z + 3*i + 85 = -i. ",
"Is z composite?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose 20079 = t + 2*x, 0 = -3*t - 18*x + 21*x + 60228. ",
"Is t composite?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose 0 = -4*x - o + 2*o + 46152, -2*x + 23070 = -2*o. ",
"Is x a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nLet s = 46 - 20. ",
"Let n = 81 - s. Suppose 0 = -0*k + 5*k - n. Is k a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nLet x(t) = -t**3 - 12*t**2 + 15*t + 22. ",
"Let v be x(-11). ",
"Let g = v + 515. ",
"Is g composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet c = -26 + 39. ",
"Is (80 - c)*(-1)/(1/(-5)) a composite number?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose -m - 11818 = 3*q - 32604, 2*m = 3*q + 41581. ",
"Is m composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet a(o) = -o**3 + 27*o**2 - 25*o - 58. ",
"Let l be a(26). ",
"Is 12*(-4)/l*586 prime?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -8*l + 5*l = 0. ",
"Suppose k + 1 = l, -62 = -4*v + 3*v - k. Is (-4)/(-14) + 64683/v a composite number?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose u = 2*u + 109. ",
"Suppose -5*y = -0*y + 270. ",
"Let c = y - u. Is c prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet o be 1/(7/(-6))*(-2 + -5). ",
"Suppose -1887 - 807 = -o*i. ",
"Is i prime?",
"\nTrue\nLet m(n) = 8*n**2 - 34*n - 689. ",
"Is m(-56) prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet r(a) = 1288*a**2 - a - 3. ",
"Is r(2) composite?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 5*t + 122 = 8*h - 4*h, h - 32 = 2*t. ",
"Let j = h - 26. ",
"Suppose -j*c - f + 834 = -0*c, 0 = c + 2*f - 411. ",
"Is c composite?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 5*u - u = 0. ",
"Suppose u = 6*m - 7*m + 2. ",
"Suppose p = m*f - 374, p = -4*f + 2*p + 744. ",
"Is f a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nLet j(i) be the third derivative of i**5/15 - i**4/4 + 5*i**3/6 + 5*i**2. ",
"Let s(n) = n**2 + n - 1. ",
"Let m(k) = j(k) + 4*s(k). ",
"Is m(-2) a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose j + 5701 = r - j, 5691 = r - 4*j. ",
"Is r composite?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 6*s - 533 = 325. ",
"Let o = s + 749. ",
"Is o - (-4)/(-8)*6 prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet o(b) = 1. ",
"Let p(n) = 73*n + 16. ",
"Let z(s) = -5*o(s) - p(s). ",
"Is z(-10) prime?",
"\nTrue\nLet m(a) = a**3 + 15*a**2 - 8*a + 4. ",
"Let h = -42 + 29. ",
"Is m(h) prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet l(z) = -4*z - 2*z + z**2 - 9*z + 2*z + 17. ",
"Let s be l(12). ",
"Suppose -s*g + 192 + 293 = 0. ",
"Is g a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose 4899235 - 936948 = 7*l. ",
"Is l prime?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -6*w = h - 228538, 5*h = -3*w + 22429 + 91858. ",
"Is w composite?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose l + 12 = 4*l. ",
"Let n(d) = -5*d**3 + d**2 + 6*d - 9. ",
"Let b(p) = 14*p**3 - 4*p**2 - 17*p + 26. ",
"Let f(u) = -4*b(u) - 11*n(u). ",
"Is f(l) composite?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -24*v + 285384 = -593184. ",
"Is v a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nLet r = 16045 + -4088. ",
"Suppose -3*i - 8*i = -r. ",
"Is i prime?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose -o + 3*g = 3, 3*g = 7*g - 4. ",
"Suppose -3*f - 5*y + 2012 = o, -5*f = -0*f + 5*y - 3360. ",
"Is f a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -3*d - 6 = 0, 3*r + 272 = 2*r - 3*d. ",
"Let x = -147 - r. Is x a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nLet g(n) = 41*n**2 + 4*n + 2. ",
"Let c(u) = 4*u**3 + 2*u**2 - 1. ",
"Let d be c(1). ",
"Suppose 0 = -d*a - 21 + 6. ",
"Is g(a) composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet b = 9 - -1. ",
"Suppose -10 = 2*u, -5*h - 2*u + b + 20 = 0. ",
"Suppose -10*t + h*t = -1642. ",
"Is t prime?",
"\nTrue\nLet q = 12 + -15. ",
"Let i be -9*(11/q + 4). ",
"Is i/2 - 14/(-4) a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nLet c = 14 + -12. ",
"Suppose -c*q = 4*o - 4966, 0 = -2*q + 3*q - 4*o - 2489. ",
"Is (q/(-15))/(1/(-3)) composite?",
"\nTrue\nLet k(m) = 253*m - 15. ",
"Let a be k(3). ",
"Let q = a - -1355. ",
"Is q a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nLet p = -13 + -2. ",
"Is p/(-105) - 3933/(-7) prime?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -5*m - 207 = -3*p, 331 = 3*p - 4*m + 121. ",
"Let y(o) = o**3 + 17*o**2 - o - 14. ",
"Let j be y(-17). ",
"Suppose j*a = a + p. Is a prime?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose 0 = 11*z - 24014 - 262679. ",
"Is z a composite number?",
"\nTrue\nLet w(j) = 2121*j**2 + 4*j. ",
"Is w(-1) composite?",
"\nTrue\nLet t = 1982 - -1079. ",
"Is t a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nLet t(n) = -3*n**3 + 2*n**2 + 20. ",
"Suppose 39 = -12*a - 21. ",
"Is t(a) composite?",
"\nTrue\nLet r(m) = -23*m + 3. ",
"Let n = -5 - -14. ",
"Let v be 4/(-3)*54/n. Is r(v) a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nLet q = -2834 - -4813. ",
"Suppose c + 3*c = -5*i + q, -3*c = i - 398. ",
"Is i prime?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -67 - 105 = t. Let n = 563 + t. Is n composite?",
"\nTrue\nLet f(z) = 8*z + 20. ",
"Let q be f(-10). ",
"Is (614/(-6) - -3)*q/8 prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet g = 1 + 4. ",
"Suppose -11*l = -10*l - g. Suppose -l*n + 3755 = -o, -3*n + 4*o + o = -2253. ",
"Is n a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose 0 = -2*a - 2*a - 4*u + 8, -5*a = u + 6. ",
"Let s be -1 + (-2 - a) + -2. ",
"Is (-2 + s)/(1/(-5)) prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet n(o) = o**2 - 7. ",
"Let g be n(-3). ",
"Suppose 0*d + 6 = g*d. ",
"Is d*14/(2 - 0) prime?",
"\nFalse\nLet d(f) = 40*f**2 + 48*f + 161. ",
"Is d(36) prime?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose 0 = -5*u - 2*w + 41541, -5*u - w = -u - 33234. ",
"Is u a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -5*l = 353 + 67. ",
"Is (-11)/((-66)/l)*(-22)/4 a composite number?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose 6*y - y = -d + 31, -4*d - y = -29. ",
"Let i be 2/(2 - 8/d). ",
"Suppose 3*u + i*j - 1200 = 0, 2*j + 1976 = 5*u - j. Is u prime?",
"\nTrue\nLet d = 1435 + 46414. ",
"Is d composite?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose -4*y - 16 = 0, -3*u = -0*y + 2*y + 1157. ",
"Let b = -261 - u. Let t = b - -5. ",
"Is t a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -5*h - 1587 = -10022. ",
"Is h a composite number?",
"\nTrue\nLet a = -304 + 626. ",
"Suppose 0 = 9*n + a - 3544. ",
"Is n a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nLet m(d) = -2 - 10*d + 5 + d - d. Let q(x) = -x**2 - 3*x - 1. ",
"Let n be q(-4). ",
"Is m(n) composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet s(t) = t**3 + 59*t**2 + 111*t - 107. ",
"Let h be s(-57). ",
"Let c(v) = v**3 - v**2 - v + 1. ",
"Let r be c(2). ",
"Suppose -2*f = -b + h + 361, -9 = r*f. ",
"Is b composite?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -4*n = -12, -o + 49*n - 52*n + 418 = 0. ",
"Is o a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nSuppose -2*n + 1 = 3*t - 10, 5*t + n - 23 = 0. ",
"Suppose -2 + 6 = -3*d - 2*r, 0 = t*d + 5*r. ",
"Is (-22)/d*4 - 0 composite?",
"\nTrue\nLet q = -13 - -13. ",
"Suppose -3*t = -4*g - 621, q = -5*t + 2*g + g + 1046. ",
"Is t composite?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -4*m - c = -5*c - 40, -5*m + 2*c + 35 = 0. ",
"Suppose -7*u + 2*u + 2 = -3*b, m*u - 5*b = 0. ",
"Let l(s) = 96*s - 1. ",
"Is l(u) a prime number?",
"\nFalse\nLet t = -159 + 306. ",
"Suppose -7*b + 2*b + 1652 = 4*c, -2*c = 4. ",
"Let k = b - t. Is k prime?",
"\nFalse\nIs 12/4 - (-7 - 30759) composite?",
"\nTrue\nIs (79/(-5))/(((-5)/25)/1) prime?",
"\nTrue\nLet j(c) = c**2 - 13*c + 22. ",
"Suppose -5*b + 26 = o, 6 = 5*o + 4*b - 61. ",
"Let x be j(o). ",
"Suppose x = 2*h + 5*t - 523, -t - 149 = 4*h - 1222. ",
"Is h a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nLet z(r) = r**2 + 5*r - 9. ",
"Let v be (-3)/1*(6 - 4). ",
"Let j be z(v). ",
"Is ((-38)/6)/(j/9) a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nLet m(i) = 14*i**2 + 2*i + 7. ",
"Let h(d) be the first derivative of 4*d**3/3 + d**2/2 + d + 6. ",
"Let x be h(-1). ",
"Is m(x) a composite number?",
"\nFalse\nSuppose -5*m + 20 = -5*u, -3*u + 29 = 5*m + u. Suppose -m*b = -4*p + 596, -4*b - 149 = -p - 9*b. ",
"Is p a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nLet q = -89 + 1091. ",
"Let o = 96 - -164. ",
"Suppose -2*z + q = -o. ",
"Is z a prime number?",
"\nTrue\nLet p be (-8)/(-52) + 185/65. ",
"Suppose 0 = 2*i + 6, -p*i - 8221 = -3*z - z. Is z composite?",
"\nFalse\nLet n be -38 - (1/1 + 0). ",
"Suppose 398 = -"
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"Q:\n\nscientific-like notation with more than 1 digit before the point\n\nIs the any way in python to make a string out of a number which performs like this:\n\nraw number: 30.0123456789\n\nresult: 30.0123\n\nraw number: 0.0123456789\n\nresult: 12.3457e-3\n\nraw number: 0.000123456789\n\nresult: 12.3457e-5\n\nraw number: 12345.67891011\n\nresult: 12.3457e3\n\nIn that case it would be always 4 decimals after the decimal point (filled with zeros if applicable)\nIt would always also be 2 numbers before the decimal point\n\nA:\n\nYou can write your own format function based on scientific notation\ndef format(num,kk,cc=12):\n # kk - digits before dot , cc - digits after dot\n fmt = '{0:.'+str(kk+cc-1)+'e}'\n ss = fmt.format(num);\n s1 = ss.replace('.','')",
"\n p1 = s1.split('e')\n a1 = p1[0]\n a2 = int(p1[1])\n return '{0}.{1}e{2}'.format(a1[0:kk],a1[kk:],a2-kk+1) \n\nFor convenience you can create an object with custom format: \nclass MyNum:\n def __init__(self,value):\n self.value = value\n def __format__(self,fmt):\n args = fmt.split('.')",
"\n a1 = int(args[0]) if len(args) > 0 else 1\n a2 = int(args[1]) if len(args) > 1 else 6\n return format(self.value,a1,a2)\n\nNow, you can use it in format:\nprint('{0:3.6}'.format(MyNum(25.123456789)))\n#print 251.234568e-1\n\n"
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[
"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a paint mist removing apparatus for causing a cleaning liquid to capture and remove overspray paint mist from a gas laden with paint mist, and more particularly to a paint mist removing apparatus comprising an air passage through which a paint mist laden gas flows, a first liquid shooting section for scattering the cleaning liquid from opening edges of a passage inlet toward an air flow through the air passage, an upwardly facing inclined surface for receiving the passing objects under the passage inlet, and a downwardly facing surface continuous from a lower edge of the upward facing inclined surface. ",
"The air passage allows the air flow through the air passage to deflect toward the downwardly facing surface through a curved section defined between the upwardly facing inclined surface and the downwardly facing surface. ",
"The curved section acts as a second liquid shooting section for scattering again the cleaning liquid flowing down the upwardly facing inclined surface toward the air flow under the downwardly facing surface.",
"\n2. ",
"Description of the Related Art\nAn example of paint mist removing apparatus as noted above is shown in FIG. ",
"6. ",
"This conventional apparatus allows droplets of a cleaning liquid W scattered from a first liquid shooting section H1 defined by opening edges 17a and 17b disposed at an inlet of an air passage 12 to trap paint mist present in the air A flowing down from the passage inlet 12a above an upwardly facing inclined surface \"d\", thereby to carry out a first stage of paint mist capture. ",
"A curved section \"b\" defined between the upwardly facing inclined surface \"d\" and a downwardly facing surface \"c\" continuous from a lower edge of the upwardly facing surface \"d\" acts as a second liquid shooting section H2. ",
"The cleaning liquid W1 received by the upwardly facing inclined surface \"d\" is further dispersed from the second liquid shooting section H2 into the air flow through a deflecting passage under the downwardly facing surface \"c\", thereby to allow droplets of the dispersed cleaning liquid W to further trap paint mist contained in the air A flowing down the downwardly facing surface. ",
"Thus, a second stage of paint mist capture is effected. ",
"The two-stage paint mist capture assures a high mist capturing efficiency.",
"\nMoreover, the second stage of paint mist capture is carried out under the downwardly facing surface disposed in a dead angle position as seen from the passage inlet 12a because of the presence of the upwardly facing inclined surface \"d\" and the downwardly facing surface \"c\", thereby to effectively check the noise, i.e. the scattering noise of droplets, produced at the second stage of paint mist capture against leakage toward the passage inlet 12a by the barrier action of the upwardly facing inclined surface and the downwardly facing surface and by the sound absorbing action of the scattered droplets in the first stage paint mist capture. ",
"Consequently, the noise leaking from the passage inlet 12a is reduced as a whole.",
"\nThis conventional apparatus has been proposed by the same assignee in Japanese Patent Application No. ",
"3-310320 (U.S. patent application Ser. ",
"No. ",
"07/980,621, filed Nov. 23, 1992). ",
"According to this apparatus, as shown in FIG. ",
"6, a hollow space 20 is defined in the air passage at one side of an air path from the passage inlet 12a under the opening edge of the air inlet 12a, while a pendent passage wall 18A' is disposed at an opposite side of the air path, which wall extends from the opening edge 17a acting as the first liquid shooting section H1 to the upwardly facing inclined surface \"d\".",
"\nThis proposed apparatus achieves a substantial noise reduction which, however, is not considered sufficient. ",
"Thus, there is room for further improvement in reducing the noise."
] | {
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[
"//\n// ProductActivationData.m\n// AppEngine\n//\n// Created by Makara Khloth on 12/9/11.",
"\n// Copyright 2011 __MyCompanyName__. ",
"All rights reserved.",
"\n//\n\n#import \"ProductActivationData.h\"\n\n#import \"ComponentHeaders.h\"\n\n@implementation ProductActivationData\n\n@synthesize mIsSuccess;\n@synthesize mErrorCode;\n@synthesize mErrorCategory;\n@synthesize mErrorDescription;\n@synthesize mLicenseInfo;\n\n- (id) init {\n\tif ((self = [super init])) {\n\t}\n\treturn (self);\n}\n\n- (id) initWithData: (NSData *) aData {\n\tif ((self = [super init])) {\n\t\tNSInteger location = 0;\n\t\t[aData getBytes:&mIsSuccess length:sizeof(BOOL)];\n\t\tlocation += sizeof(BOOL);\n\t\t[aData getBytes:&mErrorCode range:NSMakeRange(location, sizeof(NSInteger))];\n\t\tlocation += sizeof(NSInteger);\n\t\t[aData getBytes:&mErrorCategory range:NSMakeRange(location, sizeof(NSInteger))];\n\t\tlocation += sizeof(NSInteger);\n\t\tNSInteger length = 0;\n\t\t[aData getBytes:&length range:NSMakeRange(location, sizeof(NSInteger))];\n\t\tlocation += sizeof(NSInteger);\n\t\tmErrorDescription = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:[aData subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(location, length)] encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];\n\t\tlocation += length;\n\t\t[aData getBytes:&length range:NSMakeRange(location, sizeof(NSInteger))];\n\t\tlocation += sizeof(NSInteger);\n\t\tmLicenseInfo = [[LicenseInfo alloc] initWithData:[aData subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(location, length)]];\n\t}\n\treturn (self);\n}\n\n- (NSData *) transformToData {\n\tNSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData data];\n\t[data appendBytes:&mIsSuccess length:sizeof(BOOL)];\n\t[data appendBytes:&mErrorCode length:sizeof(NSInteger)];\n\t[data appendBytes:&mErrorCategory length:sizeof(NSInteger)];\n\tNSInteger length = [mErrorDescription lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];\n\t[data appendBytes:&length length:sizeof(NSInteger)];\n\t[data appendData:[mErrorDescription dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];\n\tNSData *licInfoData = [mLicenseInfo transformToData];\n\tlength = [licInfoData length];\n\t[data appendBytes:&length length:sizeof(NSInteger)];\n\t[data appendData:licInfoData];\n\treturn (data);\n}\n\n- (void) dealloc {\n\t[mLicenseInfo release];\n\t[mErrorDescription release];\n\t[super dealloc];\n}\n\n@end\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Github"
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[
"Gordie Howe Bridge\n\nGordie Howe Bridge may refer to:\n\n Gordie Howe International Bridge, proposed Detroit River crossing between Detroit and Windsor\n Gordie Howe Bridge (Saskatoon), South Saskatchewan River crossing in Saskatoon"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} | [
0.00007694675284702985
] | 0.000077 | 5 |
[
"///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n/// \\file valarray.hpp\n///\n// Copyright 2005 Eric Niebler. ",
"Distributed under the Boost\n// Software License, Version 1.0. (",
"See accompanying file\n// LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)\n\n#ifndef BOOST_NUMERIC_FUNCTIONAL_VALARRAY_HPP_EAN_12_12_2005\n#define BOOST_NUMERIC_FUNCTIONAL_VALARRAY_HPP_EAN_12_12_2005\n\n#ifdef BOOST_NUMERIC_FUNCTIONAL_HPP_INCLUDED\n# error Include this file before boost/accumulators/numeric/functional.hpp\n#endif\n\n#include <valarray>\n#include <functional>\n#include <boost/assert.hpp>\n#include <boost/mpl/and.hpp>\n#include <boost/mpl/not.hpp>\n#include <boost/mpl/assert.hpp>\n#include <boost/utility/enable_if.hpp>\n#include <boost/type_traits/is_same.hpp>\n#include <boost/type_traits/is_scalar.hpp>\n#include <boost/type_traits/remove_const.hpp>\n#include <boost/typeof/std/valarray.hpp>\n#include <boost/accumulators/numeric/functional_fwd.hpp>\n\nnamespace boost { namespace numeric\n{\n namespace operators\n {\n namespace acc_detail\n {\n template<typename Fun>\n struct make_valarray\n {\n typedef std::valarray<typename Fun::result_type> type;\n };\n }\n\n ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n // Handle valarray<Left> / Right where Right is a scalar and Right !",
"= Left.",
"\n template<typename Left, typename Right>\n typename lazy_enable_if<\n mpl::and_<is_scalar<Right>, mpl::not_<is_same<Left, Right> > >\n , acc_detail::make_valarray<functional::divides<Left, Right> >\n >::type\n operator /(std::valarray<Left> const &left, Right const &right)\n {\n typedef typename functional::divides<Left, Right>::result_type value_type;\n std::valarray<value_type> result(left.size());\n for(std::size_t i = 0, size = result.size(); i !",
"= size; ++i)\n {\n result[i] = numeric::divides(left[i], right);\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n // Handle valarray<Left> * Right where Right is a scalar and Right !",
"= Left.",
"\n template<typename Left, typename Right>\n typename lazy_enable_if<\n mpl::and_<is_scalar<Right>, mpl::not_<is_same<Left, Right> > >\n , acc_detail::make_valarray<functional::multiplies<Left, Right> >\n >::type\n operator *(std::valarray<Left> const &left, Right const &right)\n {\n typedef typename functional::multiplies<Left, Right>::result_type value_type;\n std::valarray<value_type> result(left.size());\n for(std::size_t i = 0, size = result.size(); i !",
"= size; ++i)\n {\n result[i] = numeric::multiplies(left[i], right);\n }\n return result;\n }\n\n ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n // Handle valarray<Left> + valarray<Right> where Right !",
"= Left.",
"\n template<typename Left, typename Right>\n typename lazy_disable_if<\n is_same<Left, Right>\n , acc_detail::make_valarray<functional::plus<Left, Right> >\n >::type\n operator +(std::valarray<Left> const &left, std::valarray<Right> const &right)\n {\n typedef typename functional::plus<Left, Right>::result_type value_type;\n std::valarray<value_type> result(left.size());\n for(std::size_t i = 0, size = result.size(); i !",
"= size; ++i)\n {\n result[i] = numeric::plus(left[i], right[i]);\n }\n return result;\n }\n }\n\n namespace functional\n {\n struct std_valarray_tag;\n\n template<typename T>\n struct tag<std::valarray<T> >\n {\n typedef std_valarray_tag type;\n };\n\n #ifdef __GLIBCXX__\n template<typename T, typename U>\n struct tag<std::_Expr<T, U> >\n {\n typedef std_valarray_tag type;\n };\n #endif\n\n /// INTERNAL ONLY\n ///\n // This is necessary because the GCC stdlib uses expression templates, and\n // typeof(som-valarray-expression) is not an instance of std::valarray\n #define BOOST_NUMERIC_FUNCTIONAL_DEFINE_VALARRAY_BIN_OP(Name, Op) \\\n template<typename Left, typename Right> \\\n struct Name<Left, Right, std_valarray_tag, std_valarray_tag> \\\n : std::binary_function< \\\n Left \\\n , Right \\\n , std::valarray< \\\n typename Name< \\\n typename Left::value_type \\\n , typename Right::value_type \\\n >::result_type \\\n > \\\n > \\\n { \\\n typedef typename Left::value_type left_value_type; \\\n typedef typename Right::value_type right_value_type; \\\n typedef \\\n std::valarray< \\\n typename Name<left_value_type, right_value_type>::result_type \\\n > \\\n result_type; \\\n result_type \\\n operator ()(Left &left, Right &right) const \\\n { \\\n return numeric::promote<std::valarray<left_value_type> >(left) \\\n Op numeric::promote<std::valarray<right_value_type> >(right); \\\n } \\\n }; \\\n template<typename Left, typename Right> \\\n struct Name<Left, Right, std_valarray_tag, void> \\\n : std::binary_function< \\\n Left \\\n , Right \\\n , std::valarray< \\\n typename Name<typename Left::value_type, Right>::result_type \\\n > \\\n > \\\n { \\\n typedef typename Left::value_type left_value_type; \\\n typedef \\\n std::valarray< \\\n typename Name<left_value_type, Right>::result_type \\\n > \\\n result_type; \\\n result_type \\\n operator ()(Left &left, Right &right) const \\\n { \\\n return numeric::promote<std::valarray<left_value_type> >(left) Op right;\\\n } \\\n }; \\\n template<typename Left, typename Right> \\\n struct Name<Left, Right, void, std_valarray_tag> \\\n : std::binary_function< \\\n Left \\\n , Right \\\n , std::valarray< \\\n typename Name<Left, typename Right::value_type>::result_type \\\n > \\\n > \\\n { \\\n typedef typename Right::value_type right_value_type; \\\n typedef \\\n std::valarray< \\\n typename Name<Left, right_value_type>::result_type \\\n > \\\n result_type; \\\n result_type \\\n operator ()(Left &left, Right &right) const \\\n { \\\n return left Op numeric::promote<std::valarray<right_value_type> >(right);\\\n } \\\n };\n\n BOOST_NUMERIC_FUNCTIONAL_DEFINE_VALARRAY_BIN_OP(plus, +)\n BOOST_NUMERIC_FUNCTIONAL_DEFINE_VALARRAY_BIN_OP(minus, -)\n BOOST_NUMERIC_FUNCTIONAL_DEFINE_VALARRAY_BIN_OP(multiplies, *)\n BOOST_NUMERIC_FUNCTIONAL_DEFINE_VALARRAY_BIN_OP(divides, /)\n BOOST_NUMERIC_FUNCTIONAL_DEFINE_VALARRAY_BIN_OP(modulus, %)\n\n #undef BOOST_NUMERIC_FUNCTIONAL_DEFINE_VALARRAY_BIN_OP\n\n ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n // element-wise min of std::valarray\n template<typename Left, typename Right>\n struct min_assign<Left, Right, std_valarray_tag, std_valarray_tag>\n : std::binary_function<Left, Right, void>\n {\n void operator ()(Left &left, Right &right) const\n {\n BOOST_ASSERT(left.size() == right.size());\n for(std::size_t i = 0, size = left.size(); i !",
"= size; ++i)\n {\n if(numeric::less(right[i], left[i]))\n {\n left[i] = right[i];\n }\n }\n }\n };\n\n ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n // element-wise max of std::valarray\n template<typename Left, typename Right>\n struct max_assign<Left, Right, std_valarray_tag, std_valarray_tag>\n : std::binary_function<Left, Right, void>\n {\n void operator ()(Left &left, Right &right) const\n {\n BOOST_ASSERT(left.size() == right.size());\n for(std::size_t i = 0, size = left.size(); i !",
"= size; ++i)\n {\n if(numeric::greater(right[i], left[i]))\n {\n left[i] = right[i];\n }\n }\n }\n };\n\n // partial specialization of numeric::fdiv<> for std::valarray.",
"\n template<typename Left, typename Right, typename RightTag>\n struct fdiv<Left, Right, std_valarray_tag, RightTag>\n : mpl::if_<\n are_integral<typename Left::value_type, Right>\n , divides<Left, double const>\n , divides<Left, Right>\n >::type\n {};\n\n // promote\n template<typename To, typename From>\n struct promote<To, From, std_valarray_tag, std_valarray_tag>\n : std::unary_function<From, To>\n {\n To operator ()(From &arr) const\n {\n typename remove_const<To>::type res(arr.size());\n for(std::size_t i = 0, size = arr.size(); i !",
"= size; ++i)\n {\n res[i] = numeric::promote<typename To::value_type>(arr[i]);\n }\n return res;\n }\n };\n\n template<typename ToFrom>\n struct promote<ToFrom, ToFrom, std_valarray_tag, std_valarray_tag>\n : std::unary_function<ToFrom, ToFrom>\n {\n ToFrom &operator ()(ToFrom &tofrom) const\n {\n return tofrom;\n }\n };\n\n // for \"promoting\" a std::valarray<bool> to a bool, useful for\n // comparing 2 valarrays for equality:\n // if(numeric::promote<bool>(a == b))\n template<typename From>\n struct promote<bool, From, void, std_valarray_tag>\n : std::unary_function<From, bool>\n {\n bool operator ()(From &arr) const\n {\n BOOST_MPL_ASSERT((is_same<bool, typename From::value_type>));\n for(std::size_t i = 0, size = arr.size(); i !",
"= size; ++i)\n {\n if(!arr[i])\n {\n return false;\n }\n }\n return true;\n }\n };\n\n template<typename From>\n struct promote<bool const, From, void, std_valarray_tag>\n : promote<bool, From, void, std_valarray_tag>\n {};\n\n ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n // functional::as_min\n template<typename T>\n struct as_min<T, std_valarray_tag>\n : std::unary_function<T, typename remove_const<T>::type>\n {\n typename remove_const<T>::type operator ()(T &arr) const\n {\n return 0 == arr.size()\n ? ",
"T()\n : T(numeric::as_min(arr[0]), arr.size());\n }\n };\n\n ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n // functional::as_max\n template<typename T>\n struct as_max<T, std_valarray_tag>\n : std::unary_function<T, typename remove_const<T>::type>\n {\n typename remove_const<T>::type operator ()(T &arr) const\n {\n return 0 == arr.size()\n ? ",
"T()\n : T(numeric::as_max(arr[0]), arr.size());\n }\n };\n\n ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n // functional::as_zero\n template<typename T>\n struct as_zero<T, std_valarray_tag>\n : std::unary_function<T, typename remove_const<T>::type>\n {\n typename remove_const<T>::type operator ()(T &arr) const\n {\n return 0 == arr.size()\n ? ",
"T()\n : T(numeric::as_zero(arr[0]), arr.size());\n }\n };\n\n ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////\n // functional::as_one\n template<typename T>\n struct as_one<T, std_valarray_tag>\n : std::unary_function<T, typename remove_const<T>::type>\n {\n typename remove_const<T>::type operator ()(T &arr) const\n {\n return 0 == arr.size()\n ? ",
"T()\n : T(numeric::as_one(arr[0]), arr.size());\n }\n };\n\n } // namespace functional\n\n}} // namespace boost::numeric\n\n#endif\n\n"
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[
"Curtis Shelburne My earliest Christmas memories are mostly wrapped around our family’s Christmas trees. ",
"I remember Mom making creamy hot chocolate and my sister stacking the spindle of the old record player with an inch-high pile of vintage vinyl Christmas music by Nat King Cole, Perry Como, Tennessee Ernie Ford, and the Norman Luboff Choir. […]",
"\n\nBy Ruth Burns: FNM correspondent The banking business in the early days on the High Plains was as wild and unpredictable as the other occupations of the time. ",
"People did not have much money, but after the sale of a herd of cattle, there would be large sums of gold and paper money to contend […]\n\nMemories flash across my mind and cause my thoughts to turn back to times well over a half century ago, to a time of my earliest recollections, and starts a chain reaction of memories to begin unwinding,” wrote Vernon “Pistol” Payne,"
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[
"Q:\n\nShould I continue to learn exposure on a film camera or switch to digital?",
"\n\nI have a Canon AE-1 but I’m new to photography. ",
"I mean it’s always interesting me but I never did anything until now when I found this camera in my grandma's attic. ",
"It works pretty well. ",
"I mean I haven’t gotten the film developed to see what the picture look like, but I’m not sure if they're gonna be bad because of the camera or because of me. ",
"It would probably be me, because I don’t quite understand the aperture and stuff like that. ",
"I mean I kinda do / kinda don’t. ",
"I just need to get familiar, but I was wondering if I should continue to learn on a film camera or should I use a digital camera. ",
"What would be best for me?",
"\n\nA:\n\nThe advantages to learning exposure with digital are that it doesn't cost you any more to make more exposures (no film/development costs) and immediate feedback. ",
"You can instantly see the effect of setting change when you take the image (or if you're using a camera where you compose on the LCD or through an electronic viewfinder in liveview, before you take the shot with exposure simulation). ",
"In addition, each image you take will have embedded metadata that will let you check later on what iso, aperture, and shutter speed settings you used. ",
"Film doesn't dot that, and you have to keep notes, which can be awkward while you're shooting.",
"\nBut on the flip side, film will give you shot discipline in mental editing quite a bit harder before you mash that button that digital spray'n'prayers may never learn. :) ",
" The main problem here with your AE-1 is that you may not know if it's working correctly or needs to be service as well as your skillset not yet being able to figure out where you might have gone wrong if the exposure isn't right.",
"\nBut you don't necessarily have to use a digital camera if the film camera works fine (no light leaks, broken parts, etc.) ",
"it might be worth it for you to put a light metering app on your smartphone. ",
"Some of them do exposure simulation and if they match your AE-1's exposure, then maybe it's a way to have a preview first before you shoot.",
"\n\nA:\n\nMany of us grizzled old-timers like to boast about how we started with film in the era before autofocus existed and how it forced us to learn how to be real photographers.¹ But the reason we did so was because it was the only way to start back then.",
"\nNow that you have a choice, though, starting with film is probably not the best way to get where you want to go - even if your ultimate goal is to shoot your most important work on film. ",
"\n\nThe overwhelming advantage of digital is that it allows one to experiment and learn without the per-shot expense of film. ",
"Your initial cost to start is less with film, but by the time you've shot your first 1,000 frames the cost of film and developing will have overtaken the cost of an entry level DSLR. ",
"By the time you've shot your first 10,000 frames² just the film and processing could have bought a nice lower end pro-level digital system. ",
"\nThere's also much to be said about the instant feedback of viewing a histogram on the back of the camera immediately following the shot. ",
"In the film era some of the best photographers in the world would use a polaroid back to test their lighting setup before loading the film and shooting.",
"\nDigital allows you to set the ISO and white balance of each shot individually, just as a century ago with the use of sheet negatives. ",
"Roll film, on the other hand, locks you into a specific sensitivity and color balance for an entire roll of film.",
"\nWhile there is much to be said about the lessons learned from processing your own B&W film in the darkroom there are just as many lessons that can be learned from developing your raw digital files on the desktop. ",
"You can also learn a lot about exposure, contrast, white balance and color, composition, etc. ",
"by processing your photos critically with the digital equivalent of a darkroom - your computer.",
"\nDigital cameras record information with each frame that tells you what aperture, shutter speed, ISO, metering pattern, AF point, etc. ",
"you used. ",
"This is extremely helpful when reviewing your images to see what did and, perhaps more importantly, what did not work. ",
"In the film days a student would need to stop and write all of those things down for each shot.",
"\n\nIf your budget is extremely limited you have other options besides a new DSLR or a used film camera. ",
"You can also find used digital cameras that are 2-3 generations older than the current models for very modest prices. ",
"They'll still take good photos, even if they are not on the cutting edge of today's technology. ",
"You don't need an SLR or DSLR to start learning, either. ",
"A good used bridge camera or compact that has the ability to manually control shutter speed, aperture, and sensitivity (ISO) will allow you to get started learning the basics of exposure, composition, and post-processing (much of which can carry over to the darkroom - almost everything we do in digital post-processing has a corresponding antecedent in the chemical darkroom). ",
"It will also give you the flexibility of shot to shot customization that was once only the domain of those who used sheet film rather than roll film.",
"\nEven if you decide you want to ultimately shoot with film, shooting with a slightly older used digital camera is a faster and more economical way to learn many of the fundamentals of exposure, composition, technique, and how using different focal lengths, apertures, shutter times, etc. ",
"will affect the resulting image than starting out with a film camera would be. ",
"This is particularly the case when you're not sure if any problems you might see in your earliest images are the result of user error or of camera malfunction.",
"\n¹ The ranks of those who learned in the era before auto exposure are much thinner than they were just a decade or so ago. ",
"There are very few, if any, shooters left who started before most cameras had built-in light meters!",
"\n² Henri Cartier-Bresson is oft-quoted as having said, \"Your first 10,000 frames are always your worst.\" ",
"He was perhaps the greatest street photographer of the 20th Century and is certainly one of if not the most well-known. ",
"In photographic circles, the initials HCB are enough to positively identify him.",
"\n\n"
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[
"In 2017 practice sessions were reduced from one hour to 45 minutes, to help encourage track action for the fans, after several seasons where the opening 20 minutes of practice would see front runners sit in pitlane until the backmarkers had put some rubber down on track.",
"\n\nIn addition, IndyCar this year allowed teams to try out a set of red-sidewalled [softer compound] Firestones in second practice, Friday afternoon, to get a heads-up on qualifying setups for Saturday afternoon. ",
"This too, encouraged cars to take to the track.",
"\n\nBoth regs will continue, says Frye, but he believes more can be done.",
"\n\n“We’ll be fine-tuning based on this past season, but don’t expect a lot of radical revisions,” he said. “",
"For example, we’re still going to allow teams to use reds in second practice, but we’re going to look at other aspects, like, are we giving the teams enough tires? ",
"You want teams to have the correct quantities to be able to run.",
"\n\n“In theory a 75-minute practice would give fans a longer period in which to see the IndyCars on track, but if the teams only have X amount of tires, then you’re going to get long stretches where no one is on the track. ",
"That doesn’t make sense.",
"\n\n“So 45 minutes and enough tires, then they’ll go – they have to, because the window is limited.”",
"\n\nMany of the best drivers have long suggested that Firestone should aim for a bigger gap between the pace/behavior of the reds and the blacks [harder primary compound] and Frye said this would be another topic to be discussed in his meeting with the Nashville, TN-based company.",
"\n\n“That’s something definitely on the table,” he said. “",
"Until we have the meeting, I’m not sure what is and isn’t possible, but let’s say Firestone have been a huge help in terms of testing the new aerokit and we’ve all learned a lot.",
"\n\n“So now we have our data, they have their data, we’ll be able go through all of that to come up with a plan of what the new car needs compared with the ’17 car.”",
"\n\nFrye also alluded to shifting the race weekend schedules for the sake of clarity and also to help promoters.",
"\n\n“We’re going through all the schedules right now,” he said. “",
"I think we were better this year than in the past in terms of standardizing our schedules, but we want to take that to the next level in terms of garage hours being the same, practice times the same, qualifying times, and so on, at least to the extent that it’s practical.",
"\n\n“Now we’re starting to get date equity, we can take our actual event timetables and make them similarly consistent, and that’s good for the spectators, good for the promoters and good for the teams.”"
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"<!",
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"Test: if select is not disabled, it is candidate for constraint validation\n and should be affected by :valid pseudo-class. --",
">\n <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='style.css'>\n <body onload=\"document.getElementById('s').removeAttribute('disabled'); document.documentElement.className='';\">\n <select class='valid' id='s' disabled></select>\n </body>\n</html>\n"
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[
"from __future__ import absolute_import\nfrom contextlib import contextmanager\nimport zlib\nimport io\nfrom socket import timeout as SocketTimeout\nfrom socket import error as SocketError\n\nfrom ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict\nfrom .exceptions import (\n ProtocolError, DecodeError, ReadTimeoutError, ResponseNotChunked\n)\nfrom .packages.six import string_types as basestring, binary_type, PY3\nfrom .packages.six.moves import http_client as httplib\nfrom .connection import HTTPException, BaseSSLError\nfrom .util.response import is_fp_closed, is_response_to_head\n\n\nclass DeflateDecoder(object):\n\n def __init__(self):\n self._first_try = True\n self._data = binary_type()\n self._obj = zlib.decompressobj()\n\n def __getattr__(self, name):\n return getattr(self._obj, name)\n\n def decompress(self, data):\n if not data:\n return data\n\n if not self._first_try:\n return self._obj.decompress(data)\n\n self._data += data\n try:\n return self._obj.decompress(data)\n except zlib.error:\n self._first_try = False\n self._obj = zlib.decompressobj(-zlib.",
"MAX_WBITS)\n try:\n return self.decompress(self._data)\n finally:\n self._data = None\n\n\nclass GzipDecoder(object):\n\n def __init__(self):\n self._obj = zlib.decompressobj(16 + zlib.",
"MAX_WBITS)\n\n def __getattr__(self, name):\n return getattr(self._obj, name)\n\n def decompress(self, data):\n if not data:\n return data\n return self._obj.decompress(data)\n\n\ndef _get_decoder(mode):\n if mode == 'gzip':\n return GzipDecoder()\n\n return DeflateDecoder()\n\n\nclass HTTPResponse(io.",
"IOBase):\n \"\"\"\n HTTP Response container.",
"\n\n Backwards-compatible to httplib's HTTPResponse but the response ``body`` is\n loaded and decoded on-demand when the ``data`` property is accessed. ",
" This\n class is also compatible with the Python standard library's :mod:`io`\n module, and can hence be treated as a readable object in the context of that\n framework.",
"\n\n Extra parameters for behaviour not present in httplib.",
"HTTPResponse:\n\n :param preload_content:\n If True, the response's body will be preloaded during construction.",
"\n\n :param decode_content:\n If True, attempts to decode specific content-encoding's based on headers\n (like 'gzip' and 'deflate') will be skipped and raw data will be used\n instead.",
"\n\n :param original_response:\n When this HTTPResponse wrapper is generated from an httplib.",
"HTTPResponse\n object, it's convenient to include the original for debug purposes. ",
"It's\n otherwise unused.",
"\n \"\"\"\n\n CONTENT_DECODERS = ['gzip', 'deflate']\n REDIRECT_STATUSES = [301, 302, 303, 307, 308]\n\n def __init__(self, body='', headers=None, status=0, version=0, reason=None,\n strict=0, preload_content=True, decode_content=True,\n original_response=None, pool=None, connection=None):\n\n if isinstance(headers, HTTPHeaderDict):\n self.headers = headers\n else:\n self.headers = HTTPHeaderDict(headers)\n self.status = status\n self.version = version\n self.reason = reason\n self.strict = strict\n self.decode_content = decode_content\n\n self._decoder = None\n self._body = None\n self._fp = None\n self._original_response = original_response\n self._fp_bytes_read = 0\n\n if body and isinstance(body, (basestring, binary_type)):\n self._body = body\n\n self._pool = pool\n self._connection = connection\n\n if hasattr(body, 'read'):\n self._fp = body\n\n # Are we using the chunked-style of transfer encoding?",
"\n self.chunked = False\n self.chunk_left = None\n tr_enc = self.headers.get('transfer-encoding', '').lower()\n # Don't incur the penalty of creating a list and then discarding it\n encodings = (enc.strip() for enc in tr_enc.split(\",\"))\n if \"chunked\" in encodings:\n self.chunked = True\n\n # If requested, preload the body.",
"\n if preload_content and not self._body:\n self._body = self.read(decode_content=decode_content)\n\n def get_redirect_location(self):\n \"\"\"\n Should we redirect and where to?",
"\n\n :returns: Truthy redirect location string if we got a redirect status\n code and valid location. ",
"``None`` if redirect status and no\n location. ",
"``False`` if not a redirect status code.",
"\n \"\"\"\n if self.status in self.",
"REDIRECT_STATUSES:\n return self.headers.get('location')\n\n return False\n\n def release_conn(self):\n if not self._pool or not self._connection:\n return\n\n self._pool._put_conn(self._connection)\n self._connection = None\n\n @property\n def data(self):\n # For backwords-compat with earlier urllib3 0.4 and earlier.",
"\n if self._body:\n return self._body\n\n if self._fp:\n return self.read(cache_content=True)\n\n @property\n def connection(self):\n return self._connection\n\n def tell(self):\n \"\"\"\n Obtain the number of bytes pulled over the wire so far. ",
"May differ from\n the amount of content returned by :meth:``HTTPResponse.read`` if bytes\n are encoded on the wire (e.g, compressed).",
"\n \"\"\"\n return self._fp_bytes_read\n\n def _init_decoder(self):\n \"\"\"\n Set-up the _decoder attribute if necessar.",
"\n \"\"\"\n # Note: content-encoding value should be case-insensitive, per RFC 7230\n # Section 3.2\n content_encoding = self.headers.get('content-encoding', '').lower()\n if self._decoder is None and content_encoding in self.",
"CONTENT_DECODERS:\n self._decoder = _get_decoder(content_encoding)\n\n def _decode(self, data, decode_content, flush_decoder):\n \"\"\"\n Decode the data passed in and potentially flush the decoder.",
"\n \"\"\"\n try:\n if decode_content and self._decoder:\n data = self._decoder.decompress(data)\n except (IOError, zlib.error) as e:\n content_encoding = self.headers.get('content-encoding', '').lower()\n raise DecodeError(\n \"Received response with content-encoding: %s, but \"\n \"failed to decode it.\" % ",
"content_encoding, e)\n\n if flush_decoder and decode_content:\n data += self._flush_decoder()\n\n return data\n\n def _flush_decoder(self):\n \"\"\"\n Flushes the decoder. ",
"Should only be called if the decoder is actually\n being used.",
"\n \"\"\"\n if self._decoder:\n buf = self._decoder.decompress(b'')\n return buf + self._decoder.flush()\n\n return b''\n\n @contextmanager\n def _error_catcher(self):\n \"\"\"\n Catch low-level python exceptions, instead re-raising urllib3\n variants, so that low-level exceptions are not leaked in the\n high-level api.",
"\n\n On exit, release the connection back to the pool.",
"\n \"\"\"\n clean_exit = False\n\n try:\n try:\n yield\n\n except SocketTimeout:\n # FIXME: Ideally we'd like to include the url in the ReadTimeoutError but\n # there is yet no clean way to get at it from this context.",
"\n raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')",
"\n\n except BaseSSLError as e:\n # FIXME: Is there a better way to differentiate between SSLErrors?",
"\n if 'read operation timed out' not in str(e): # Defensive:\n # This shouldn't happen but just in case we're missing an edge\n # case, let's avoid swallowing SSL errors.",
"\n raise\n\n raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')",
"\n\n except (HTTPException, SocketError) as e:\n # This includes IncompleteRead.",
"\n raise ProtocolError('Connection broken: %r' % e, e)\n\n # If no exception is thrown, we should avoid cleaning up\n # unnecessarily.",
"\n clean_exit = True\n finally:\n # If we didn't terminate cleanly, we need to throw away our\n # connection.",
"\n if not clean_exit:\n # The response may not be closed but we're not going to use it\n # anymore so close it now to ensure that the connection is\n # released back to the pool.",
"\n if self._original_response:\n self._original_response.close()\n\n # Closing the response may not actually be sufficient to close\n # everything, so if we have a hold of the connection close that\n # too.",
"\n if self._connection:\n self._connection.close()\n\n # If we hold the original response but it's closed now, we should\n # return the connection back to the pool.",
"\n if self._original_response and self._original_response.isclosed():\n self.release_conn()\n\n def read(self, amt=None, decode_content=None, cache_content=False):\n \"\"\"\n Similar to :meth:`httplib.",
"HTTPResponse.read`, but with two additional\n parameters: ``decode_content`` and ``cache_content``.",
"\n\n :param amt:\n How much of the content to read. ",
"If specified, caching is skipped\n because it doesn't make sense to cache partial content as the full\n response.",
"\n\n :param decode_content:\n If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the\n 'content-encoding' header.",
"\n\n :param cache_content:\n If True, will save the returned data such that the same result is\n returned despite of the state of the underlying file object. ",
"This\n is useful if you want the ``.data`` property to continue working\n after having ``.read()`` the file object. (",
"Overridden if ``amt`` is\n set.)",
"\n \"\"\"\n self._init_decoder()\n if decode_content is None:\n decode_content = self.decode_content\n\n if self._fp is None:\n return\n\n flush_decoder = False\n data = None\n\n with self._error_catcher():\n if amt is None:\n # cStringIO doesn't like amt=None\n data = self._fp.read()\n flush_decoder = True\n else:\n cache_content = False\n data = self._fp.read(amt)\n if amt !",
"= 0 and not data: # Platform-specific: Buggy versions of Python.",
"\n # Close the connection when no data is returned\n #\n # This is redundant to what httplib/http.client _should_\n # already do. ",
" However, versions of python released before\n # December 15, 2012 (http://bugs.python.org/issue16298) do\n # not properly close the connection in all cases. ",
"There is\n # no harm in redundantly calling close.",
"\n self._fp.close()\n flush_decoder = True\n\n if data:\n self._fp_bytes_read += len(data)\n\n data = self._decode(data, decode_content, flush_decoder)\n\n if cache_content:\n self._body = data\n\n return data\n\n def stream(self, amt=2**16, decode_content=None):\n \"\"\"\n A generator wrapper for the read() method. ",
"A call will block until\n ``amt`` bytes have been read from the connection or until the\n connection is closed.",
"\n\n :param amt:\n How much of the content to read. ",
"The generator will return up to\n much data per iteration, but may return less. ",
"This is particularly\n likely when using compressed data. ",
"However, the empty string will\n never be returned.",
"\n\n :param decode_content:\n If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the\n 'content-encoding' header.",
"\n \"\"\"\n if self.chunked:\n for line in self.read_chunked(amt, decode_content=decode_content):\n yield line\n else:\n while not is_fp_closed(self._fp):\n data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)\n\n if data:\n yield data\n\n @classmethod\n def from_httplib(ResponseCls, r, **response_kw):\n \"\"\"\n Given an :class:`httplib.",
"HTTPResponse` instance ``r``, return a\n corresponding :class:`urllib3.response.",
"HTTPResponse` object.",
"\n\n Remaining parameters are passed to the HTTPResponse constructor, along\n with ``original_response=r``.",
"\n \"\"\"\n headers = r.msg\n\n if not isinstance(headers, HTTPHeaderDict):\n if PY3: # Python 3\n headers = HTTPHeaderDict(headers.items())\n else: # Python 2\n headers = HTTPHeaderDict.from_httplib(headers)\n\n # HTTPResponse objects in Python 3 don't have a .strict attribute\n strict = getattr(r, 'strict', 0)\n resp = ResponseCls(body=r,\n headers=headers,\n status=r.status,\n version=r.version,\n reason=r.reason,\n strict=strict,\n original_response=r,\n **response_kw)\n return resp\n\n # Backwards-compatibility methods for httplib.",
"HTTPResponse\n def getheaders(self):\n return self.headers\n\n def getheader(self, name, default=None):\n return self.headers.get(name, default)\n\n # Overrides from io.",
"IOBase\n def close(self):\n if not self.closed:\n self._fp.close()\n\n if self._connection:\n self._connection.close()\n\n @property\n def closed(self):\n if self._fp is None:\n return True\n elif hasattr(self._fp, 'closed'):\n return self._fp.closed\n elif hasattr(self._fp, 'isclosed'): # Python 2\n return self._fp.isclosed()\n else:\n return True\n\n def fileno(self):\n if self._fp is None:\n raise IOError(\"HTTPResponse has no file to get a fileno from\")\n elif hasattr(self._fp, \"fileno\"):\n return self._fp.fileno()\n else:\n raise IOError(\"The file-like object this HTTPResponse is wrapped \"\n \"around has no file descriptor\")\n\n def flush(self):\n if self._fp is not None and hasattr(self._fp, 'flush'):\n return self._fp.flush()\n\n def readable(self):\n # This method is required for `io` module compatibility.",
"\n return True\n\n def readinto(self, b):\n # This method is required for `io` module compatibility.",
"\n temp = self.read(len(b))\n if len(temp) == 0:\n return 0\n else:\n b[:len(temp)] = temp\n return len(temp)\n\n def _update_chunk_length(self):\n # First, we'll figure out length of a chunk and then\n # we'll try to read it from socket.",
"\n if self.chunk_left is not None:\n return\n line = self._fp.fp.readline()\n line = line.split(b';', 1)[0]\n try:\n self.chunk_left = int(line, 16)\n except ValueError:\n # Invalid chunked protocol response, abort.",
"\n self.close()\n raise httplib.",
"IncompleteRead(line)\n\n def _handle_chunk(self, amt):\n returned_chunk = None\n if amt is None:\n chunk = self._fp._safe_read(self.chunk_left)\n returned_chunk = chunk\n self._fp._safe_read(2) # Toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk.",
"\n self.chunk_left = None\n elif amt < self.chunk_left:\n value = self._fp._safe_read(amt)\n self.chunk_left = self.chunk_left - amt\n returned_chunk = value\n elif amt == self.chunk_left:\n value = self._fp._safe_read(amt)\n self._fp._safe_read(2) # Toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk.",
"\n self.chunk_left = None\n returned_chunk = value\n else: # amt > self.chunk_left\n returned_chunk = self._fp._safe_read(self.chunk_left)\n self._fp._safe_read(2) # Toss the CRLF at the end of the chunk.",
"\n self.chunk_left = None\n return returned_chunk\n\n def read_chunked(self, amt=None, decode_content=None):\n \"\"\"\n Similar to :meth:`HTTPResponse.read`, but with an additional\n parameter: ``decode_content``.",
"\n\n :param decode_content:\n If True, will attempt to decode the body based on the\n 'content-encoding' header.",
"\n \"\"\"\n self._init_decoder()\n # FIXME: Rewrite this method and make it a class with a better structured logic.",
"\n if not self.chunked:\n raise ResponseNotChunked(\n \"Response is not chunked. \"",
"\n \"Header 'transfer-encoding: chunked' is missing.\")",
"\n\n # Don't bother reading the body of a HEAD request.",
"\n if self._original_response and is_response_to_head(self._original_response):\n self._original_response.close()\n return\n\n with self._error_catcher():\n while True:\n self._update_chunk_length()\n if self.chunk_left == 0:\n break\n chunk = self._handle_chunk(amt)\n decoded = self._decode(chunk, decode_content=decode_content,\n flush_decoder=False)\n if decoded:\n yield decoded\n\n if decode_content:\n # On CPython and PyPy, we should never need to flush the\n # decoder. ",
"However, on Jython we *might* need to, so\n # lets defensively do it anyway.",
"\n decoded = self._flush_decoder()\n if decoded: # Platform-specific: Jython.",
"\n yield decoded\n\n # Chunk content ends with \\r\\n: discard it.",
"\n while True:\n line = self._fp.fp.readline()\n if not line:\n # Some sites may not end with '\\r\\n'.",
"\n break\n if line == b'\\r\\n':\n break\n\n # We read everything; close the \"file\".",
"\n if self._original_response:\n self._original_response.close()\n"
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[
"Agence France-Presse — Getty Images\n\nThree ministers of the Karnataka State government resigned Wednesday after they were accused of watching pornographic footage on a mobile phone during a session of the state assembly.",
"\n\nOne of the ministers involved is the minister of Women and Child Development. ",
"This seems to be the first such incident in India, where mobile phone ownership has skyrocketed in recent years to more than 700 million, but phones that show videos and surf the Internet are still relatively new.",
"\n\nThe ministers involved are C. C. Patil, minister of Women and Child Development, J. Krishna Palemar, minister of the Public Works Department and Laxman Sangappa Savadi, minister of the Cooperation Department.",
"\n\nThe ministers were captured on film on Tuesday by television news channels. ",
"During these channels’ regular filming of the assembly session, they position cameras above ministers in attendance, which happened to be a good vantage point to see what the ministers in question were watching on their phones.",
"\n\nAll the ministers belong to Hindu nationalist party known as the Bharatiya Janata Party, which is known for its conservative stand on social issues. ",
"Earlier this year, Minister Patil was quoted saying “I don’t favor women wearing provocative clothes and always feel they need to be dignified in whatever they wear.”",
"\n\nWhat, exactly, the ministers were watching on the phone is unclear – it was described as “pornographic” in nature by the television channels who filmed it. ",
"Video clips show Minister Savadi with his phone dangling casually between his legs, while a debate in the assembly raged, news channels said about the Pakistani flag being raised in a village in Karnataka in recent weeks. ",
"What he is looking at was blurred out when it was rebroadcast.",
"\n\nThe B.J.P. promised tough action against their members. “",
"We have deep sense of regret that any of our members are involved in this” said Arun Jaitley, a senior B.J.P. leader and opposition leader in the upper house of Parliament.",
"\n\nThe ruling Congress party did not miss the opportunity to criticize its rivals. ",
"Kapil Sibal, a senior minister in the Congress-led national government said, “When the B.J.P. waxes eloquent on issues of morality, if they look at their own members of the legislative assembly, they will find the answers there.”",
"\n\nMr. Patil, the minister involved, said he was innocent, telling journalists Wednesday “We will request the honorable speaker to conduct an investigation and we will come out with a clean chit.”",
"\n\nThe state opposition parties including Congress demanded immediate dismissal of the three ministers. ",
"The B.J.P. government enjoys a very thin majority in Karnataka. ",
"One of its former ministers is still in jail for alleged massive corruption in the exporting of iron ore."
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[
"Deputy mayor apologises after parking in town centre with no permit\n\nThe message left in Cllr Chung's car ANL-140521-110911001\n\nThe deputy mayor has apologised after parking in a permit only area displaying a note stating ‘be back soon thank you Cllr Patrick Chung’.",
"\n\nA picture of the note along with Cllr Chung’s council identification card was tweeted by a resident who questioned if it granted him the right to park where he pleased.",
"\n\nThe Cllr who was sworn in as deputy mayor last week apologised via a statement on the council’s Facebook page.",
"\n\nHe said: “I would like to apologise for not displaying my parking permit in Bury St Edmunds last Wednesday.",
"\n\n“I do own a permit and should have displayed it. ",
"I was busy attending to council matters. ",
"However I accept that is not an excuse for not displaying my permit and I will make sure it will not happen again.",
"\n\n“I understand that had a traffic warden seen my car, I would have received a ticket.",
"\n\n“I will pay the money that I should have been fined to the Mayor’s charities, Gatehouse in Bury, and the Acute Kidney Injury unit at West Suffolk Hospital.”",
"\n\nCllr Chung said that he had parked in the town centre without a permit in order to visit a resident concerned about a broken pipe as part of his council duties.",
"\n\nHe said the decision to leave the note was made in a rush as he felt the situation was urgent and he would not make the same decision again."
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"Q:\n\nMake discord know input and use it to give output, python\n\nI am making a Discord bot in python 3.5. ",
"I want the bot to know when i write \";info @example:1111\" and give me output: \n\nusername is:\nuser id is:\nuser joined at: etc...\n\nI do not get this to work.",
"\nThis i my code:\n@client.event\nasync def on_message(message, user: discord.",
"Member): \n if message.content.upper().startswith(';INFO'):\n if \"248783308341772288\" in [role.id for role in message.author.roles]:\n await client.send_message(message.channel,\"The users name is: {}\".format(user.name))\n await client.send_message(message.channel,\"The users ID is: {}\".format(user.id))\n await client.send_message(message.channel,\"The users status is: {}\".format(user.status))\n await client.send_message(message.channel,\"The users highest role is: {}\".format(user.top_role))\n await client.send_message(message.channel,\"The user joined at: {}\".format(user.joined_at))\n else:\n print(\"No access!\")",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou're trying to program a command in the on_message coroutine. ",
" Instead, use ext.commands. ",
" Below I define a command INFO that takes a user as an argument. ",
" We use the has_role check to see if the caller has the correct role. ",
" If they don't, there's an error handling coroutine to send them a message.",
"\nfrom discord.ext import commands\nimport discord\n\nbot = commands.",
"Bot(command_prefix=';')\n\n@bot.command(pass_context=True)\n@commands.has_role(\"ROLE NAME\")\nasync def INFO(ctx, user: discord.",
"Member):\n channel = ctx.message.channel\n await bot.send_message(channel,\"The users name is: {}\".format(user.name))\n await bot.send_message(channel,\"The users ID is: {}\".format(user.id))\n await bot.send_message(channel,\"The users status is: {}\".format(user.status))\n await bot.send_message(channel,\"The users highest role is: {}\".format(user.top_role))\n await bot.send_message(channel,\"The user joined at: {}\".format(user.joined_at))\n\n@INFO.error\nasync def info_error(error, ctx):\n if isinstance(error, commands.",
"CheckFailure):\n await bot.send_message(ctx.message.channel, \"Insufficent permission\")\n\n"
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"31 December 2019: China (Wuhan) announces 27 cases of pneumonia related to a seafood and live animal market. ",
"On 7 January 2020, a new coronavirus is identified as the cause: 2019-nCoV, renamed COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 February 2020. ",
"We have since seen its rapid spread[@bib0005].",
"\n\nCOVID-19 is the third coronavirus causing severe pneumonia so far this century, together with those responsible for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV: 8098 cases in 2003 and a case fatality rate of 10% for 7 months) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV: 2458 cases in 2012 and a case fatality rate of 34%). ",
"According to the Spanish Ministry of Health, as of 21 February, COVID-19 has accounted for 76 259 cases and 2247 deaths, representing an overall mortality of 2.9%, although in hospitalized patients it ranges between 4.3[@bib0010] and 11%[@bib0015]. ",
"Most cases are in China, but 1174 cases have also been reported in 25 other countries, with 9 deaths and a case fatality rate of 0.8%. ",
"All 3 viruses are zoonotic, their origin attributed to bats, with an intermediary step to other mammals (civet cats in SARS, camels in MERS and, it seems, pangolins in COVID-19)[@bib0020]. ",
"The new virus has probably emerged due to coexistence in the intermediate host of a bat coronavirus and a human one, capable of infecting man and being transmitted from person to person. ",
"There are 4 other coronaviruses that can cause the common cold.",
"\n\nThe disease may have flu-like symptoms (high temperature, myalgia, respiratory symptoms, and possible progression to pneumonia), although with less abrupt onset, and upper respiratory symptoms appear to be insignificant or absent in coronavirus infection[@bib0010], [@bib0015], [@bib0025]. ",
"In both influenza and coronavirus, most patients do not present severe disease, but others may develop pneumonia. ",
"In hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, 26% required intensive care; 61% of these developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and 30% shock[@bib0010]. ",
"Close contact with a confirmed case or a recent trip (14 days prior) to an affected region of China was important to differentiate them[@bib0030].",
"\n\nManagement involves isolation, symptomatic treatment, and support measures. ",
"There is no antiviral agent for this infection, although drugs used for other coronaviruses such as lopinavir-ritonavir and remdesivir are being tested[@bib0035]. ",
"Corticosteroids are not useful and should be avoided[@bib0040]. ",
"A vaccine is not foreseeable in the short term.",
"\n\nTransmissibility is very high, with a basic reproduction number---a measure of new cases from each infected patient---of 2.2 (at the level of SARS or the 1918 influenza pandemic)[@bib0045], suggesting possible exponential growth. ",
"Transmission is by close contact, respiratory droplets or contaminated hands[@bib0050]. ",
"Transmission through infected surfaces is likely; human coronaviruses persist on metals, glass, or plastics for more than 9 days. ",
"A fecal-oral mechanism has not been ruled out. ",
"Nosocomial transmission, especially to health care workers (41% and 29%, respectively), is crucial[@bib0010]. ",
"An important factor is the potential for transmission from asymptomatic subjects[@bib0055]. ",
"Asymptomatic carriers are a concern, because they are difficult to identify and isolate, and therefore increase the chances of spread.",
"\n\nIt is essential that all persons with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 adhere to basic prevention measures (cough etiquette and hand hygiene). ",
"Since the detection of biological agents is not easy during health care, and it is initially difficult to establish specific preventive measures, the \"Principle of Preventive Action\" should be applied. ",
"Visual alerts should be posted at the entrance to health centers and in strategic locations inside, with instructions on hand hygiene and cough etiquette in the appropriate languages. ",
"These measures include isolation in a private room, restricted access and surgical mask. ",
"In addition to standard precautions, visitors should adopt measures against contact and droplets before entering the room of suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19[@bib0060].",
"\n\nHealthcare professionals should wear a gown (if not waterproof and splashes are anticipated, add a plastic apron), FFP3 mask[@bib0065]---single use in accordance with European standard EN149:2001 (American equivalent, NIOSH N95), with special emphasis on correct use[@bib0060]---gloves and eye protection.",
"\n\nAlthough airborne transmission by aerosols has not been demonstrated, it is thought that it could occur during invasive respiratory tract procedures[@bib0070] and if aerosols are generated (sputum induction, aerosol therapy, aspiration, bronchoscopy, etc.). ",
"The number of people in the room should be minimized[@bib0060], performing the procedures in properly ventilated places[@bib0075]---ideally negative pressure rooms equipped with HEPA (High efficiency Particulate Air) filtration[@bib0065]---and using disposable shoe covers.",
"\n\nPrevention measures are required as soon as a case is suspected, especially hand hygiene at the 5 moments of clinical interaction, and before and after removing the facemask[@bib0080]. ",
"Consumables should be single-use, and, if they need to be shared between patients, cleaned and disinfected[@bib0075]. ",
"Cleaning staff should use the same protective equipment as described above. ",
"Consumables for which cleaning and disinfection are not practicable should be considered Class III Biomedical Waste, like other waste.",
"\n\nReducing the number of contacts transmitting the disease by detecting and isolating carriers, developing drugs and vaccines, and educating the public would put us in a position to control or even eradicate the epidemic. ",
"There is also a need to clearly explain the actual incubation period, the role of asymptomatic carriers, the definitive reproduction number, and virus clearance after the cessation of symptoms.",
"\n\nThe pathogenicity of COVID-19 is lower than that of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and a seasonal slowdown of the epidemic, such as influenza outside winter, is possible. ",
"Nevertheless, a mutation of the new virus could appear to better adapt to man and enhance its virulence (as happened in SARS)[@bib0085]. ",
"For now, both appear to follow a similar pattern, with most patients not seriously ill and increased risk of mortality in individuals over 65 years of age with comorbidities or immunosuppression. ",
"It does not appear to be transmitted more rapidly or to have higher mortality than influenza.",
"\n\nUntil very recently, the existence of sustained transmission outside China had not been taken into account, and confining the outbreak to China would have contained spread of the virus, as was the case with SARS. ",
"However, recent news of numerous rapidly-emerging cases in other parts of the world, such as South Korea and Italy, means that pandemic spread of the virus cannot be ruled out. ",
"We will know very soon and will invariably recommend adherence to the basic principle of preventive action.",
"\n\nPlease cite this article as: Peña-Otero D, Díaz-Pérez D, de-la-Rosa-Carrillo D, Bello-Dronda S. ¿Preparados para el nuevo coronavirus? ",
"Arch Bronconeumol. ",
"2020;56:195--196.",
"\n"
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"Q:\n\nHandling dynamic tables in selenium web driver using Xpath\n\ni am using selenium web driver for the test automation work for a web site. ",
"In that web site there is a page where it display details of a purchase order. ",
"It has multiple tables with no id/name associated with them. ",
"The design is using just \"td\" and \"tr\" elements. ",
"Each table can contain multiple rows,columns depending on the purchase order. ",
"I want to validate each and every field with given values. ",
"How can i get these dynamic details using Xpath?",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou can get the total number of <tr> tags within a <td> tag by giving the xpath of the <td> element by using this function - \nList<WebElement> ele = driver.findElements(By.xpath(\"Xpath of the table\"));\n\nNow you can use a for each loop to loop through each of the <tr> tags in the above list and then read each value by using getText() method.",
"\nLet me know if this helps you.",
"\n\n"
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"Social-cognitive functioning and schizotypal characteristics.",
"\nThe authors examined the relationship between social cognition and a feature of schizotypal personality referred to as magical ideation, defined broadly as the presence and intensity of illogical beliefs about causality and the nature of reality. ",
"The measures of social cognition used in this study were the Character Intention Task (CIT) and the adult version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. ",
"Regression analyses indicated that understanding of character intentions, as measured by CIT scores, and ability to identify emotions on the Eyes test were related to non-realistic beliefs. ",
"Principal components analysis of the Magical Ideation Scale generated 3 factors: Occult Beliefs, Non-Realism, and New Age Ideas. ",
"Results indicated that impaired understanding of character intentions and ability to identify emotions on the Eyes test were related to non-realistic beliefs. ",
"Understanding the cognitive impairments associated with schizotypal characteristics can facilitate development of more targeted therapeutic interventions."
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"Q:\n\nProblems in Theorem 2.43 of baby Rudin\n\nTheorem 2.43 Let $P$ be a nonempty perfect set in $\\mathbb{R}^k$. Then $P$ is uncountable.",
"\nProof Since $P$ has limit points, $P$ must be infinite. ",
"Suppose $P$ is countable, and denote the points of $P$ by $\\mathbf{x_1}, \\mathbf{x_2}, \\mathbf{x_3}, \\ldots$. We shall construct a sequence $\\{V_{n}\\}$ of neighborhoods as follows.",
"\nLet $V_1$ be any neighborhood of $\\mathbf{x_1}$. If $V_1$ consists of all $y\\in \\mathbb{R}^k$ such that $|y−x_1|<r$, the closure $\\overline{V_1}$ of $V_1$ is the set of all $y\\in \\mathbb{R}^k$ such that $|y−x_1|≤r$.\nSuppose $V_n$ has been constructed, so that $V_n\\cap P$ is not empty. ",
"Since every point of $P$ is a limit point of $P$, there is a neighborhood $V_{n+1}$ such that (i) $\\overline{V_{n+1}} \\subset V_n$, (ii) $x_n\\notin \\overline{V_{n+1}}$, (iii) $V_{n+1}\\cap P$ is not empty. ",
"By (iii), $V_{n+1}$ satisfies our induction hypothesis, and the construction can proceed.",
"\nPut $K_n=\\overline{V_n}\\cap P$. Since $\\overline{V_n}$ is closed and bounded, $\\overline{V_n}$ is compact. ",
"Since $\\mathbf{x_{n}}\\notin K_{n+1}$, no point of $P$ lies in $\\cap_1^\\infty K_n$. Since $K_{n}\\subset P$, this implies that $\\cap_1^\\infty K_n$ is empty. ",
"But each $K_n$ is nonempty, by (iii), and $K_n\\supset K_{n+1}$, by (i); this contradicts the Corollary to Theorem 2.36.",
"\n\nI have not been able to understand third paragraph of Walter's proof. ",
"I would like to understand why the neighborhood $V_{n+1}$ exists with properties (i),(ii) and (iii), using only the previous definitions and theorems of the Book.",
"\n\nA:\n\nFor the 3rd paragraph:\n$V_n = N_{\\epsilon_n}(p_n)$ some $p_n \\in P, \\epsilon_n > 0$. $\\exists$ infinitely many elements of $P$ in $V_n$, so pick one $p_{n+1}$ that is not equal to $x_n$ or $p_n$. Let $\\epsilon=d(p_n, p_{n+1})$, $\\epsilon'=d(p_{n+1}, x_n)$, $\\epsilon''=\\epsilon_n-\\epsilon>0$. Choose $\\epsilon_{n+1} < \\min\\left\\{\\epsilon, \\epsilon', \\epsilon''\\right\\}$, then:\n\n$d(x_n, p_{n+1}) > \\epsilon_{n+1}$ so certainly $x_n \\not\\in \\overline{V}_{n+1}$\nif $d(e, p_{n+1}) \\leq \\epsilon_{n+1}$ then $$\\begin{align}d(e,p_n) &\\leq d(e,p_{n+1}) + d(p_n, p_{n+1}) \\\\ &\\leq \\epsilon_{n+1} + \\epsilon \\\\ &< (\\epsilon_n - \\epsilon) + \\epsilon = \\epsilon_n\\end{align}$$ so $\\overline{V}_{n+1} \\subset V_n$.\n$p_{n+1} \\in V_{n+1} \\cap P$ so intersection is non-empty.",
"\n\n"
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"Q:\n\nAspect to find all the pointcuts executed at runtime\n\nI need to write an aspect (let's call it A) that shows all the executed pointcuts at runtime. ",
"Is there a way to write a pointcut like call(...) that points directly to another pointcut without using the aspects' names ?",
"\nI've written something that uses mostly calls to generic functions and within() so that when a function in a aspect is called my aspect A prints something. ",
"I feel that it's not an ideal solution because I'd always need to write all the aspects names and would be to long with many aspects. ",
"\npublic class Main {\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n ClassA a = new ClassA();\n a.methodA();\n a.methodA();\n a.methodB();\n a.methodA();\n }\n}\n\npublic class ClassA {\n public void methodA() {\n System.out.println(\"MethodA\");\n }\n public void methodB() {\n System.out.println(\"MethodB\");\n }\n public void methodC() {\n System.out.println(\"MethodC\");\n }\n}\n\npublic aspect MethodAAspect {\n pointcut MethA():\n call(public * ClassA.methodA());\n pointcut MethC():\n call(public * ClassA.methodC());\n after():\n MethA() {\n System.out.println(\"Aspect here, methodA ended.\");",
"\n }\n after():\n MethC() {\n System.out.println(\"Aspect here, methodC ended.\");",
"\n } \n}\n\nIf, in this example, I'd need an aspect that counts how many times all pointcuts have been executed or prints something when a pointcut is executed how should I write it?",
"\n\nA:\n\nI am not sure I understand correctly what you want to achieve because your description is somewhat imprecise. ",
"For example, a pointcut is not \"executed\", an application method or an advice inside an aspect are. ",
"So I am not sure if you want to just log each method call (or maybe method execution, see below for the difference) or maybe need some kind of meta aspect which counts how many times aspect advices are being executed. ",
"I am assuming the former, simpler case here because it makes most sense to me.",
"\nYour application code, but with package names:\npackage de.scrum_master.app;\n\npublic class ClassA {\n public void methodA() {\n System.out.println(\"MethodA\");\n }\n\n public void methodB() {\n System.out.println(\"MethodB\");\n }\n\n public void methodC() {\n System.out.println(\"MethodC\");\n }\n}\n\npackage de.scrum_master.app;\n\npublic class Main {\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n ClassA a = new ClassA();\n a.methodA();\n a.methodA();\n a.methodB();\n a.methodA();\n }\n}\n\nAspect intercepting method execution:\nThis aspect intercepts all method executions (not calls!) ",
"in your own code.",
"\npackage de.scrum_master.aspect;\n\npublic aspect MyAspect {\n after() : execution(* *(..)) {\n System.out.println(thisJoinPoint);\n }\n}\n\nThe log output is:\nMethodA\nexecution(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodA())\nMethodA\nexecution(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodA())\nMethodB\nexecution(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodB())\nMethodA\nexecution(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodA())\nexecution(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"Main.main(String[]))\n\nPlease note that also the execution of Main.main(..) is being logged even though the method is never called explicitly (but executed nevertheless!).",
"\nAspect intercepting method execution:\nThis aspect intercepts all method calls from your own code, which also includes calls to third-party or JDK classes.",
"\nPlease note that in order to avoid an endless loop we have to add && !",
"within(MyAspect) because the aspect advice also calls a JDK method.",
"\npackage de.scrum_master.aspect;\n\npublic aspect MyAspect {\n after() : call(* *(..)) && !",
"within(MyAspect) {\n System.out.println(thisJoinPoint);\n }\n}\n\nThe log output in this case is:\nMethodA\ncall(void java.io.",
"PrintStream.println(String))\ncall(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodA())\nMethodA\ncall(void java.io.",
"PrintStream.println(String))\ncall(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodA())\nMethodB\ncall(void java.io.",
"PrintStream.println(String))\ncall(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodB())\nMethodA\ncall(void java.io.",
"PrintStream.println(String))\ncall(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodA())\n\nOf course you could also use call() and limit calls to your own packages, for example:\npackage de.scrum_master.aspect;\n\npublic aspect MyAspect {\n after() : call(* de.scrum_master.app..*(..)) && !",
"within(MyAspect) {\n System.out.println(thisJoinPoint);\n }\n}\n\nThe log output here is:\nMethodA\ncall(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodA())\nMethodA\ncall(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodA())\nMethodB\ncall(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodB())\nMethodA\ncall(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodA())\n\nIt always depends on what you want to achieve.",
"\nIf this is not what you wanted, please update your question to be more precise and notify me with a comment. ",
"Then I see what I can do.",
"\n\nUpdate concerning follow-up question about meta aspect:\npackage de.scrum_master.aspect;\n\npublic aspect MetaAspect {\n before() : adviceexecution() && !",
"within(MetaAspect) {\n System.out.println(thisJoinPoint);\n }\n}\n\nLog for first MyAspect version using execution() changes to:\nMethodA\nadviceexecution(void de.scrum_master.aspect.",
"MyAspect.after(JoinPoint))\nexecution(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodA())\nMethodA\nadviceexecution(void de.scrum_master.aspect.",
"MyAspect.after(JoinPoint))\nexecution(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodA())\nMethodB\nadviceexecution(void de.scrum_master.aspect.",
"MyAspect.after(JoinPoint))\nexecution(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodB())\nMethodA\nadviceexecution(void de.scrum_master.aspect.",
"MyAspect.after(JoinPoint))\nexecution(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"ClassA.methodA())\nadviceexecution(void de.scrum_master.aspect.",
"MyAspect.after(JoinPoint))\nexecution(void de.scrum_master.app.",
"Main.main(String[]))\n\n"
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"Q:\n\nUnable to implement Google API 'Search using a specific app'\n\nI am trying to implement the 'Search using a specific app' functionality as per the android documentation. ",
"But I am unable to get it working. ",
"This is my query 'Ok google, search for xyz on helloapp'\nFollowing is my implementation. ",
"I have added meta data which is not required, but did not work without it either.",
"\nImplementation\nManifest\n <activity\n android:name=\".",
"MainActivity\"\n android:label=\"@string/app_name\" >\n <intent-filter>\n <action android:name=\"android.intent.action.",
"MAIN\" />\n\n <category android:name=\"android.intent.category.",
"LAUNCHER\" />\n </intent-filter>\n <meta-data\n android:name=\"android.app.default_searchable\"\n android:value=\".",
"SearchableActivity\" />\n </activity>\n <activity\n android:name=\".",
"SearchableActivity\"\n android:label=\"@string/app_name\" >\n <intent-filter>\n <action android:name=\"com.google.android.gms.actions.",
"SEARCH_ACTION\"/>\n <category android:name=\"android.intent.category.",
"DEFAULT\"/>\n </intent-filter>\n\n <meta-data\n android:name=\"android.app.searchable\"\n android:value=\".",
"SearchableActivity\" />\n\n </activity>\n\nSearchable Activity\npublic class SearchableActivity extends Activity {\n\n @Override\n protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {\n super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);\n setContentView(R.layout.searchlayout);\n\n Intent intent = getIntent();\n if(SearchIntents.",
"ACTION_SEARCH.equals(intent.getAction())){\n String query = intent.getStringExtra(SearchManager.",
"QUERY);\n Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), query, Toast.",
"LENGTH_LONG).show();\n }\n\n }\n\n}\n\nA:\n\nFigured out from this post, that the app has to be published first for the functionality to work. ",
"However, we can emulate this with the following adb shell command\nadb shell am start -a com.google.android.gms.actions.",
"SEARCH_ACTION -e query 'search for xyz on..' packagename\n\n"
] | {
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"Q:\n\nReformatting JSON by Placing Object into Array\n\nI'm trying to reformat my JSON to work with an external API\nMy current JSON Structure:\n{\n \"serviceConfigs\": {\n \"servicecode\": \"SC1\",\n \"specifiers\": {\n \"Brand ID\": {\n \"text\": {\n \"value\": \"test\",\n \"type\": \"text\"\n }\n },\n \"Program ID\": {\n \"text\": {\n \"value\": \"test\",\n \"type\": \"text\"\n }\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nDesired Output:\n{\n \"serviceConfigs\": [{\n \"servicecode\": \"SC1\",\n \"specifiers\": {\n \"Brand ID\": {\n \"text\": {\n \"value\": \"test\",\n \"type\": \"text\"\n }\n },\n \"Program ID\": {\n \"text\": {\n \"value\": \"test\",\n \"type\": \"text\"\n }\n }\n }\n }]\n}\n\nSo currently serviceConfigs is in an Object, but I want it into an array\nMy current thought process is to use a push command, but I'm not sure how to access the object (Loop?).",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou can access the key's value and place it back to same key in desired format.",
"\n\nlet obj = {\"serviceConfigs\": {\"servicecode\": \"SC1\",\"specifiers\": {\"Brand ID\": {\"text\": {\"value\": \"test\",\"type\": \"text\"}},\"Program ID\": {\"text\": {\"value\": \"test\",\"type\": \"text\"}}}}}\r\n\r\nobj.serviceConfigs = [obj.serviceConfigs]\r\n\r\nconsole.log(obj)\n\n"
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[
"Zonguldak Alapli Anatolian High School\n\nZonguldak Alapli Anotolian High School started an education as one class in Ahmet Zeki Primary School in 1995. ",
"In the beginning of 1996–1997 years, Zonguldak Alapli Anotolian High School was moved to Social Cooperation and Solidarity Foundation. ",
"In 1998, Zonguldak Alapli Anatolian High School was moved to another building which was built by the Special Provincial Directorate of Administration. ",
"Zonguldak Alapli Anatolian High School continues education as Anatolian High School depending Middle Education General Administration in the same school.",
"\n\nEducation\n\nZonguldak Alapli Anatolian High School is one of the most considerable school in Alaplı. ",
"Its education is based on Anatolian High School principles. ",
"There are some languages such as English and German compulsory.",
"\n\nIn 10th class, Students have to select a branch which are \"Foreign Language\", \"Turkish-Maths based\" and \"Science-Maths based\", although students select these branches, they are responsible all of the main courses like Maths, Turkish, Physics, History etc.",
"\nAlso students can take courses like Drawing, Music, Computer Science, PE etc.",
"\n\nThere are Music, Drawing, Foreign Language, Computer, Science Labaratories. ",
"There is library which has almost 600 books. ",
"The school has 330 students. ",
"There is a small museum which has been created by students and teachers.",
"\n\nProjects\n\nThere are some projects related to abroad like Comenius and e-twinning. ",
"Comenius project was founded by headmaster and English teachers. ",
"The project was accepted by Center for European Union Education and Youth Programmes. ",
"As for e-twinning, students have a contact with students in the Netherlands by e-mail.",
"\n\nSocial Activities\n\nEvery year, festivals are held in the school. ",
"In this program, there are competitions like tug of war, gunny sack race, game of finding gold in yoghurt.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nhttp://alaplianadolu.meb.k12.tr/\n\nCategory:High schools in Turkey\nCategory:Zonguldak"
] | {
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"How To Make Your Computer Faster Today\n\nHow To Make Your Computer Faster Today\n\nWhat's Internet Download Manager crack in concerning types of file sizes and some of the this affect your internet download allowance? ",
"Let's first take a closer take a file kinds.",
"\n\nNokia is famous for producing quality handsets to cater the growing and ever evolving market of mobiles. ",
"They are reputed nearly all user friendly mobile phones in the actual marketplace. ",
"Internet Download Manager 6 Crack produces user specific mobile handsets. ",
"The various series are N series, E series, Xpress music etc. ",
"Nokia is also called for equipping their handsets with latest technologies. ",
"Offers you Nokia mobile phones in this market are Nokia N97 mini, Nokia X6, Nokia X3 and Nokia N900.",
"\n\nBut people who use a slow Internet connection suffer from frustration and also not capable of working smoothly on that basis problem. ",
"So for through the users the solution of this concern is usable.",
"\n\nFull Money back guarantee - This call to action example even goes one step further and removes any doubt about the opportunity to for of which you get Your primary money earlier.",
"\n\nOnce you've determined which you can spare rid yourself of all unnecessary files, go online. ",
"Download an adware and malware removal method. ",
"You can find these free programs by running simple query your favorite search engine. ",
"Once you've installed these programs, have a full scan of your stomach. ",
"Delete any incomplete extensions or unwanted programs that may have been installed may didn't locate.",
"\n\nThe Internet is widely recognized as a big source info and elements. ",
"Using tools on the Internet, you can now learn ways to do nearly anything - even another words. ",
"For those are motivated to learn Spanish, you can be glad learn there are even free learn Spanish downloads seen on the Online world. ",
"Without spending a penny, you will download a program that can you learn this favourite language. ",
"When you have learned Spanish, a whole new world of jobs and opportunities are going to available a person. ",
"There are even plenty of work from their own home jobs available, for people who know both Spanish and English. ",
"Imagine, getting superb work from their own home job offer just because you learned Spanish with also Internet Download Manager!",
"\n\nInternet Download Manager 6 Crack is a self-propagating program that works its way through a process or network (like the Internet), often causing loss. ",
"It does not require a host program to activate they. ",
"Someone has to insert a worm directly into network of interconnected computers where messages can be sent from to another and computer files and programs exchanged. ",
"Example is a neighborhood area network where each computer does have its files, programs operating systems and hard discs with regard to example would be discovered in a higher or corporate setting.",
"\n\nIf it takes still no effect, an individual recommended to employ a System Repair Software. ",
"System repair tools are designed to fix errors of Internet explorer. ",
"With those tools you can safely clean, repair and optimize the Internet explorer registry having a few simple mouse mouse clicks. ",
"By scanning your browser regularly and fixing errors, your IE browser must only you have to be stable but get improved on the aspect of the IE browser performance."
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"Researchers Take On Quantum Computers\n\nApril 8, 2008\n\nFor now, full-fledged quantum computers are the stuff of science fiction “” in last summer’s blockbuster movie Transformers, the bad guys use quantum computing to break into the U.S. Army’s secure files in just 10 seconds flat.",
"\n\nBut Prem Kumar, the AT&T Professor of Information Technology in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and the director of the Center for Photonic Communication and Computing, and his research group are one step closer to realizing that technology “” though for far better purposes. ",
"The group recently demonstrated one of the basic building blocks for distributed quantum computing using entangled photons generated in optical fibers, and their research was published in the April 4 edition of Physical Review Letters.",
"\n\n“Because it is done with fiber and the technology that is already globally deployed, we think that it is a significant step in harnessing the power of quantum computers,” Kumar says.",
"\n\nQuantum computing differs from classical computing in that a classical computer works by processing “bits” that exist in two states, either one or zero. ",
"Quantum computing uses quantum bits, or qubits, which, in addition to being one or zero can also be in a “superposition,” which is both one and zero simultaneously. ",
"This is possible because qubits are quantum units like atoms, ions, or photons that operate under the rules of quantum mechanics instead of classical mechanics.",
"\n\nThe “superposition” state allows a quantum computer to process significantly more information than a classical computer and in a much shorter time.",
"\n\nThe area of quantum computing took off about 14 years ago after mathematician/physicist Peter Shor created a quantum algorithm that could factor large integers much more efficiently than a classical computer. ",
"Such an algorithm put the computer world in a tizzy because many web sites secure information like credit card and bank account numbers over the Internet through the public-key cryptography method known as RSA, after its inventors Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman. ",
"This method is based on the assumption that it is computationally infeasible to factor very large integers on classical computers.",
"\n\nThough researchers are still many years away from creating a quantum computer capable of running the Shor algorithm, progress has been made. ",
"Kumar’s group, which uses photons as qubits, found that they can entangle two indistinguishable photons together in an optical fiber very efficiently by using the fiber’s inherent nonlinear response. ",
"They also found that no matter how far you separate the two photons in standard transmission fibers they remain entangled and are “mysteriously” connected to each other’s quantum state.",
"\n\nFor this paper, Kumar and his team used the fiber-generated indistinguishable photons to implement the most basic quantum computer task ““ a controlled-NOT gate, which allows two photonic qubits to interact.",
"\n\n“This device that we demonstrated in the lab is a two-qubit device “” nowhere near what’s needed for a quantum computer “” so what can you do with it?” ",
"Kumar says. “",
"It’s nice to demonstrate something useful to give a boost to the field, and there are some problems at hand that can be solved right now using what we have.”",
"\n\nThe Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has funded the group’s next effort to study how to implement a quantum network for physically demonstrating efficient public goods strategies, which are similar to the mechanism design theory that Nobel laureate Roger Myerson laid the foundation for while at Northwestern.",
"\n\nKumar says such a network could help out with high stakes auctions, like if, for example, the Department of Defense wanted to build an expensive airplane and sends out a request for bids. ",
"No one company can build the entire airplane, and there could be 15 companies that can build some part of the airplane, whether it’s a navigation system or an engine.",
"\n\nBut instead of just giving the project to the lowest bidder, the government could save public dollars by allowing these companies to bid in a complicated way that makes the process more efficient. ",
"Maybe the engine company has worked with the fuselage company before and, if they worked together again, could be more efficient and less expensive than another two companies working together. ",
"They could then send in a conditional set of bids, along with regular bids if the two companies were to work with other companies as well.",
"\n\n“Figuring out the best possible outcome is possible with quantum computers,” Kumar says. “",
"Based on these fiber-type gates that we are building utilizing entanglement, the auctioneer has an efficient way of determining optimal outcomes when bidders make conditional bids. ",
"When the computation is done, it reveals only the winning strategy, and all other bids disappear.”",
"\n\nKumar says they hope to perform this experiment sometime in the next year.",
"\n\nIn addition to Kumar, authors include Jun Chen, Joseph Altepeter, Milja Medic, Kim Fook Lee, Burc Gokden, all of Northwestern. ",
"Robert Hadfield and Sae Woo Nam of the National Institute of Standard and Technology were also authors."
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"\"If Congressional Republicans refuse to pay America’s bills on time, Social Security checks, veterans benefits will be delayed,\" Obama said. \"... ",
"Investors around the world will ask if the United States of America is in fact a safe bet. ",
"Markets could go haywire. ",
"Interest rates would spike for anyone who borrowed money.\"",
"\n\nOne analyst — Michael Feroli, the chief economist at JP Morgan — speculated what such a situation might look like, specifically if the U.S. missed a payment to bondholders."
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"The differential diagnosis between primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma and cutaneous follicular lymphoma: prognostic and therapeutic implications.",
"\nThe differential diagnosis between primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and cutaneous follicular lymphoma is one of the most difficult aspects of dermatopathology, even though morphological criteria are well established and a wide panel of antibodies is available to every laboratory. ",
"Such diagnosis is, however, not trivial because it has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. ",
"Nevertheless, when the literature is reviewed, there is a feeling that the diagnostic deficits from the past could perhaps be responsible for the differences observed in the therapeutic results with less aggressive treatments, such as rituximab. ",
"The current report briefly revises some cases of primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab, which have been reported in the literature. ",
"It also presents an additional case emphasizing the current approach to the differential diagnosis."
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"The effect of farrowing duration and parity on preovulatory follicular size and oxytocin release of sows at subsequent oestrus.",
"\nThis study examined the extent to which prolonged farrowing and parity are associated with plasma oxytocin concentrations and follicular development of oestrous sows during subsequent insemination. ",
"A total of 30 sows were allocated to two groups based on farrowing duration: (i) SHORT (n = 14): 159 ± 29 min, (ii) LONG (n = 16): 533 ± 190 min. ",
"The sows were also divided into two parity classes: (i) YOUNG (n = 14): parity 2.5 ± 0.8, (ii) OLD (n = 16): parity 6.4 ± 2.3. ",
"After weaning, the ovaries were examined daily with transrectal ultrasound. ",
"On the second day of oestrus, blood samples were collected for oxytocin (OT) assay at -15, -10, -5, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +6, +8, +10, +15, +20, +25, +30, +40, +50 and +60 min with a boar contact between 0 and +10 min. ",
"Boar presence stimulated an increase in OT concentrations (p < .05). ",
"During boar presence, OT in the LONG group was higher than in the SHORT group (p < .01). ",
"The sows in the OLD group had a longer farrowing duration than in the YOUNG group (p < .05). ",
"OT levels and diameters of follicles were more relevant for parity than was the duration of farrowing. ",
"We therefore conclude that the OT levels and follicular development of oestrous sows are associated due to parity but difficult to be predicted from the duration of previous farrowing."
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[
"\"(Laughter)\" \" (Tyres screech)\" \" Hey, move out of the way you crazy turtle!\" \"",
"Humans, huh... ..seems to me like they're always in a hurry, but they have nowhere to go.\" \"",
"That was my old mate Ray back there.\" \"",
"He almost got himself run over.\" \"",
"Huh!\" \"",
"We were born on this very same beach, some fifty years ago, and we've been mates ever since.\" \"",
"Today is a special day, we're both going to be granddads.\" \"",
"Imagine that!\" \"'",
"It could take awhile before the little ones hatch though, 'so, let me take you back in time, 'and tell you about our first encounter with the humans.\" \"'",
"There was a time when this beach was practically deserted.\" \"'",
"Nothing out here but us turtles, 'and the sound of those beautiful waves.'\" \"",
"Ohh!\" \"(",
"Seagulls screeching)\" \"Oh!\" \"",
"Ohh!\" \"",
"Ohh!\" \"",
"Hey, come on, you need to hustle a flipper!\" \"",
"I can't get out!\" \"",
"Let's go... to the water.\" \"",
"We're wasting time.\" \"",
"See you in 30 years!\" \"",
"Or not!\" \"",
"Ohh!\" \"",
"Oomph!\" \"",
"Ohh!\" \"(",
"Sighs)\" \"(Seagulls screeching)\" \"Hello... hello?\" \"",
"Is anybody up there?\" \"'",
"I was only five minutes old and already I had the sinking feeling 'that I was not going to make it.'\" \"(",
"Screeches)\" \"Ahh!\" \"(",
"Squawks)\" \"Help, let me go!\" \"",
"Ah!\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Ohh!\" \"",
"Oh-ho, oh!\" \"",
"Hi there!\" \"",
"Watch out!\" \"",
"Ahh!\" \"",
"WOO!\" \"",
"That was well cool with those birds, eh?\" \"",
"It was as if we were flying!\" \" (",
"Groans)\" \" You know, you don't look too good.\" \"(",
"Groans)\" \" Can you move?\" \" ",
"Huh?\" \"",
"We have to get going.\" \"",
"We've got some good waves coming in now.\" \"",
"Come on, we gotta go, Shelly!\" \"",
"Birds are everywhere!\" \"",
"Wait, we have to help him!\" \"",
"Come on, Shelly.\" \"",
"There's nothing more you can do for him.\" \"",
"Shelly?\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Come on, don't give up.\" \"",
"You can still make it!\" \"",
"You have to try.\" \"",
"Get up, I'll help you.\" \"(",
"Screeching)\" \"Ah, let go!\" \"",
"Help me, help!\" \"",
"Shelly?\" \"(",
"Gasps)\" \"(Sighs)\" \"Oh!\" \"'",
"And so it began for me.\" \"'",
"A little nudge to start me off.\" \"'",
"Nonetheless, I was on my way.'\" \"",
"♪ Let this love be a fading sky\" \"♪ We could drift all night to the new sunrise\" \"♪ Because we'll be free\" \"♪ I know you know you're free\" \"♪ Feels so good to be free\" \"♪ Mm-mm, baby\" \"♪ Free\" \"♪ There's nothing in between\" \"♪ What we are, what we've seen\" \"♪ What we are\" \"♪ We are just free\" \"♪ Free\" \"♪ Free... ♪\" \"(Grunts)\" \"Oh!\" \"",
"Ohh!\" \"",
"Ohh!\" \"",
"Oh, hi there, new to the current?\" \"",
"Hatched yesterday.\" \"",
"You're awful young to be alone out here.\" \"",
"It can get really scary.\" \"",
"Scary?\" \"",
"It is a big pond out here, in case you hadn't noticed!\" \"",
"Lots of creatures out to get you, as you'll find out soon enough.\" \" ",
"Find out what?\" \" ",
"Where do I start?\" \" ",
"Well, what about barracuda?\" \" ",
"Barra what?\" \"",
"Cudas, fastest predator in the ocean!\" \" ",
"And you got your Great Whites!\" \" ",
"White?\" \"",
"Faster than the fastest, they are, and big teeth, too.\" \"",
"Oh, never mind them.\" \"",
"Just go with your instincts, and you'll be fine.\" \"",
"No reason to be scared.\" \"",
"I'm not scared.\" \"",
"Well you should be!\" \"",
"You're not even a snack for most creatures out here!\" \"",
"Just follow your instincts, and good luck on your journey.\" \"",
"What am I supposed to be looking for?\" \"",
"When you find out, let us know!\" \"",
"And watch out for the nets.\" \"",
"If they get you, you're turtle soup!\" \"",
"And watch out for the plastic.\" \"",
"Seaweed good, plastic bad.\" \"",
"OW!\" \"",
"What did you do that for?\" \"",
"Do I look like food to you?\" \"",
"Oh, crazy fish!\" \"",
"What a way to start the journey.\" \"",
"Hmm.\" \"",
"Ah!\" \"",
"How's it going, guys?\" \"",
"Looking mighty cosy up here.\" \" ",
"Get off, you big oaf.\" \" (",
"All) Yeah!\" \"",
"Who put a dent in your shell?\" \"",
"He's gonna eat all our food.\" \" ",
"Yeah!\" \" ",
"Yeah!\" \" ",
"Get out of here!\" \" ",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"Go!\" \"",
"We don't need some eating machine hanging around!\" \"",
"Sling your hook!\" \"",
"I wouldn't ride on your stupid whatever, if you were the last turtles in the ocean!\" \" ",
"Good!\" \" ",
"Go away!\" \"",
"Hiya, fellas.\" \"",
"Hoy-oy-oy, don't even think about it!\" \"",
"Beat it!\" \"",
"All right, I'm not one of your kind.\" \"",
"Got that right!\" \" ",
"Hey, watch out!\" \" ",
"Ow!\" \"",
"Ah, this is not my day!\" \"",
"Now why'd you whack me upside my head?\" \"",
"But, I...\" \"Lucky I didn't pass out!\" \"",
"Look at that!\" \"",
"Got a bump the size of a barnacle.\" \"",
"Probably get bigger, take over my whole head.\" \"",
"I, I, I don't think it will...\" \"You ever seen them barnacles?\" \"",
"You let 'em hitch a ride with you, they never leave, bunch of freeloaders!\" \"",
"Hello?\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Goodbye.\" \"",
"What is that thing you're on anyway?\" \"",
"You make it?\" \"",
"Oh, I fell on it.\" \"",
"It's a long story.\" \"",
"How's your bump?\" \"",
"Ah, no worries.\" \"",
"Us Leathers got heads like rocks.\" \"",
"The name's Ray.\" \"",
"Sammy.\" \"",
"Pleased to meet you.\" \"",
"How long you been on the journey?\" \" ",
"Just one day.\" \" ",
"Me too!\" \"",
"Caught the drift up north.\" \" ",
"So did I!\" \" ",
"Say!\" \"",
"We have a lot in common, you and me.\" \" ",
"Would you like to hop on?\" \" ",
"Nah, I'm OK.\" \"",
"Oh, OK.\" \"",
"It was a joke!\" \"",
"You know, seeing how we're supposed to be floatin' around until we grow up and all, this little raft of yours could come in handy.\" \"",
"This ain't bad.\" \"",
"Now, you're sure about this?\" \"",
"I don't wanna get all friendly like and then you go crackers on me one day,\" \" and wanna kick me off.\" \" ",
"I wouldn't do that.\" \"",
"Besides, we were hatched on the same day, probably on the same beach!\" \"",
"We're practically brothers.\" \"",
"Brothers...\" \"I like that.\" \"",
"Ah, the sun feels good, doesn't it?\" \"",
"I like laying out in the sun.\" \"",
"it's good for my skin, cos you know, when a turtle, you know, gets all dried up, everything gets all ugly and flaky, but I like that.\" \"",
"I like that, it's good to have a turtle tan.\" \"'",
"And that's how I met Ray.\" \"'",
"He was definitely a character.\" \"'",
"Always fun and never at a loss for words.\" \"'",
"For ten years or so our life in the open sea, 'consisted mainly of floating and waiting.'\" \"",
"You should try some.\" \"",
"it's good!\" \"",
"You've got to be kidding.\" \"",
"My taste buds are a little more refined.\" \"(",
"Laughs) That's what you call refined?\" \"",
"Hoo, I love 'em!\" \"(",
"Burps)\" \"They do gimme gas though.\" \"(",
"Laughs)\" \"♪ I'm feeling happy\" \"♪ And warm all over\" \"♪ I hold you in my hand\" \"♪ And you spillover\" \"♪ So come on, we're having a good time\" \"♪ We're happy people, We're having the best time ever\" \"♪ We're happy people, Oh-oh\" \"♪ Oh-oh-oh, oh-oh-oh\" \"♪ Oh-oh-oh-oh... ♪\" \"'You know, despite all the stories I heard, 'the ocean didn't seem like a scary place after all.'\" \"",
"♪ I'm the way it should be\" \"♪ So come on, we're having a good time\" \"♪ We're happy people, We're having the best time ever\" \"♪ We're happy people, oh-oh\" \"♪ Oh-oh-oh, oh-oh-oh ♪\" \"(Horn blasts)\" \" ♪ Why don't you take a look around - (Both laugh)\" \"♪ Take a look all around you\" \"♪ I'm feeling happy Take a look around\" \"♪ And warm all over Take a look all around\" \"♪ I hold you in my hand Take a look around\" \"♪ And you spill over... ♪\" \"'It was a pretty great life out here.\" \"'",
"Time just seemed to fly by.\" \"'",
"Before we knew it we had...\" \"Well, we had grown up.\" \"'",
"Well, almost grown up, that is.'\" \"",
"Oh, this is the life, my friend.\" \"",
"No gas problems today, Ray?\" \"",
"I'm feelin' pretty good.\" \"",
"By the way, did you notice those two cuties leaving\" \" when we were comin' in?\" \" ",
"Nope, didn't see them.\" \"",
"Come on, they were checking you out!\" \" ",
"No, they weren't.\" \" ",
"Oh, yeah.\" \"",
"Hey, do you think we'll be pals forever?\" \"",
"Of course, forever and ever.\" \" ",
"Don't you?\" \" ",
"Definitely.\" \"",
"But, at some point, now I'm not saying now, but, some time in the future, well, we're gonna have to choose a mate, right?\" \"",
"OK.\" \"",
"So?\" \"",
"Have you ever thought about finding that someone special?\" \"",
"I suppose.\" \"",
"So, what's your type?\" \" ",
"I don't know.\" \" ",
"Come on, everybody's got a type.\" \"",
"For me, she's gotta have a great laugh, and of course, share my thing for jellyfish.\" \"",
"Of course.\" \"",
"You still haven't told me what your type is?\" \"",
"Actually, I met someone once that I think could be my type.\" \"",
"Oh, really?\" \"",
"Well, come on, come on, this is major!\" \"",
"You gotta tell me!\" \"",
"You're gonna make more of it than it actually was.\" \"",
"You already made more of it!\" \"",
"OK.\" \" ",
"Her name's Shelly.\" \" ",
"Go on.\" \"",
"She was...\" \"she was kind of sweet.\" \"",
"Mm.\" \"",
"Where'd you meet her?\" \"",
"She was um...\" \"an important part of my early life.\" \"",
"What?\" \"",
"We met a day after you hatched, been together ever since, and she's a big part of your life?\" \" ",
"She is!\" \" ",
"Mm?\" \" ",
"Was.\" \" ",
"Well, OK, I want all the juicy details.\" \"",
"There are no juicy details.\" \"",
"Start talkin' or I don't stop bugging you.\" \"",
"OK, OK, fine.\" \" ",
"Come on, I'm listening.\" \" (",
"Laughs)\" \"Wow, that was some story.\" \"",
"You saved her life.\" \"",
"It was more of an accident.\" \"",
"The birds collided.\" \"",
"You spit sand in that bird's face.\" \"",
"You saved her life!\" \"",
"I don't even know if she made it.\" \"",
"There you are, you never know.\" \"",
"It's a small ocean out there.\" \"",
"Maybe someday me and you'll run into her.\" \" ",
"Maybe.\" \" (",
"Both) Ah!\" \" ",
"Whoo!\" \" ",
"Ha-ha, is this great or what?\" \"",
"Better than great!\" \"'",
"Ray was truly the best friend I could have hoped for.\" \"'",
"He was always fun.\" \"'",
"Always good humoured and always looking for new adventures.\" \"'",
"One thing though, I could have done without his stinky jellyfish.'\" \"(",
"Crash)\" \"(Groans)\" \"(Alarms)\" \"(Crash)\" \"'Come on, don't give up.'\" \"",
"You can still make it!\" \"",
"You have to try.\" \"",
"Get up!\" \" ",
"Come on Sammy, get up!\" \" ",
"Oh!\" \"",
"It's about time you woke up.\" \"",
"What?\" \"",
"Oh.\" \"",
"What have you been doing?\" \"",
"Exploring!\" \"",
"Made friends with a cool old octopus.\" \"",
"You gotta check him out.\" \"",
"Have you eaten yet?\" \"",
"I'll get something on the wing.\" \"",
"Picky, picky, picky.\" \"",
"Where are you taking me to?\" \"",
"You'll see, we're almost there.\" \"",
"Hey, Slim!\" \"",
"Well, hello!\" \"",
"Grab on, boys!\" \"",
"Come on, Sammy, you're not scared, are you?\" \"",
"No, of course not.\" \"",
"Come on then!\" \"",
"it's gonna be fantastic!\" \" ",
"Welcome aboard.\" \" ",
"Here we go!\" \"",
"Pick a tentacle, any tentacle.\" \"",
"Fasten your seatbelts, it's going be a bumpy ride.\" \"",
"Here we go!\" \"",
"Round and round and round.\" \"",
"Love it!\" \"",
"I Teach you to carry on\" \"I Watch now, but now it's gone away...\" \"I\" \"Oh!\" \"",
"Woo-hoo.\" \"",
"So was that fun or what?\" \"",
"My head's still spinning.\" \" ",
"Where's everybody going?\" \" ",
"Whoa, we've got a situation here!\" \"",
"What's going on?\" \"",
"It doesn't look good.\" \" ",
"Smells bad too.\" \" ",
"Oh!\" \"",
"What is this stuff?\" \"",
"It's all around us!\" \"",
"We'd better take cover!\" \"",
"We'll be safe in here...\" \"I think.\" \"",
"Slim, you ever seen anything like this?\" \"",
"No, not like this.\" \"",
"However, I do remember a cargo ship once ran aground on some rocks, and dropped a whole batch of Icelandic bananas!\" \"",
"These aren't bananas.\" \"",
"Most certainly not.\" \"",
"Oh.\" \"",
"Good lord, that's disgusting!\" \"",
"I'll wager a guinea that that ship is rammed to the gunnels with the stuff.\" \"",
"You chaps should head out, it's not safe staying around here.\" \"",
"What about you, Slim?\" \"",
"Oh, Slim'll be fine.\" \"",
"I like staying put.\" \"",
"I'm a hermit, not the crab, you understand.\" \"",
"But anyway, I've got a lot of cleaning up to do.\" \"",
"Take care my turtle friends.\" \" ",
"Thanks.\" \" ",
"Take care of yourself!\" \"",
"This looks horrible.\" \"",
"It was so beautiful here.\" \"",
"Why would anybody do this to us?\" \"",
"I don't know, it doesn't make any sense at all.\" \"(",
"Helicopter)\" \"'Humans were strange creatures.\" \"'",
"Some made a mess, while others cleaned it up.\" \"'",
"That was our first contact with humans.\" \"'",
"It wouldn't be our last.\" \"'",
"Over the years, I learned that many things would change, 'but one thing was always a constant.\" \"'",
"People would affect our lives 'more and more.'\" \"(",
"BANG!\" \")\" \"",
"Wow, what was that?\" \"",
"That hurt my ears.\" \"",
"Look at that!\" \"",
"What is it?\" \"",
"Some kind of aliens?\" \"",
"No, humans.\" \"",
"They're everywhere.\" \"",
"I think we need to get out of here.\" \"",
"This is a little too close for comfort.\" \"",
"Hey!\" \"",
"What did ya do that for?\" \"",
"There's no room on here, especially for your stinky jellyfish.\" \"",
"What are you talking about?\" \"",
"We can't even move on here any more.\" \"",
"Maybe I should just take my jellyfish and hit the current myself!\" \"",
"Then you could stretch out and have all the space to yourself.\" \" ",
"I wasn't saying you had to...\" \" Whoa...\" \"Uh-ooh!\" \"",
"Well, there you go.\" \"",
"I guess we won't have to worry about being crowded any more, now will we!\" \"",
"Look, Ray, I...\" \"What?\" \"",
"What's the rush, guys?\" \"",
"Oh, Ray!\" \"",
"The net, it's got me!\" \"",
"Hold on, I'll get you out of there.\" \"",
"Don't panic.\" \"",
"I'll tear this thing up.\" \"",
"I already tried.\" \"",
"It's too hard!\" \"",
"I can't bite through it!\" \"",
"Ah!\" \" ",
"Ray!\" \" ",
"Sammy!\" \"",
"Wait for me here!\" \"",
"I'll find a way out.\" \"",
"I'll be right here, Sammy!\" \"",
"You hear me?\" \"",
"Right here!\" \"",
"Ah, they got me.\" \" ",
"Sammy?\" \" ",
"Ray?\" \"",
"We'll get out of this.\" \"'",
"That was the first time that I saw real fear on Ray's face.'\" \" ",
"Sammy!\" \" '",
"I was pretty scared myself)\" \"Sammy!\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Ohh!\" \"(",
"Grunts)\" \"Ohh!\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Whoa!\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Ah.\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Ahh!\" \"(",
"Grunts)\" \"(Sighs) Oh, Ray.\" \"'",
"This was one of those times I could've used a little luck, 'one of those little nudges.\" \"'",
"I had the feeling I was never going to see Ray again.'\" \"",
"Gotta be thirty degrees out here.\" \"",
"Away with you, I'll give it 35.\" \"",
"What you got there then, boy?\" \"",
"It's a little greenback.\" \"",
"Think we should we make some soup?\" \" (",
"Both laugh)\" \" That little boy's overcooked already!\" \"",
"Chuck him!\" \"(",
"Both continue to laugh)\" \"(Groans)\" \"♪ Oh-ho-ho\" \"♪ If you ever find yourself stuck in the middle of the sea\" \"♪ I'll sail the world to find you\" \"♪ If you ever find yourself lost in the dark and you can't see\" \"♪ I'll be the light to guide you\" \"♪ To find out what we're made of\" \"♪ When we are called to help our friends in need\" \"♪ You can count on me, like one, two, three, I'll be there\" \"♪ And I know when I need it, I can count on you, like four, three, two\" \"♪ You'll be there\" \"♪ Cos that's what friends are supposed to do, oh, yeah... ♪\" \"Hey, what's this?\" \"",
"Oh, isn't he a cute little turtle?\" \"",
"See turtle, Fluffy?\" \" ",
"See?\" \" ",
"He looks so scared, doesn't he?\" \"",
"We'll get him some food, and we'll take real good care of him.\" \"",
"OK?\" \"",
"Fluffy, turtle eat food.\" \"",
"And it's time for your dinner, too.\" \"(",
"French accent) OK, let's get one thing straight, little turtle.\" \" ",
"these are my humans.\" \" ",
"I didn't ask to be here.\" \"",
"Your humans brought me here.\" \"",
"If I may suggest, you should plan on getting your little shell out of here as soon as possible, unless of course, you prefer to end up like my ex-amis, ze chicken.\" \" ",
"Chicken?\" \" ",
"Absolument!\" \"",
"Whose playpen do you think this was?\" \"",
"They eat animals?\" \"",
"But she seems so nice.\" \"",
"Do not let the mumsy-wumsy attitude fool you.\" \"",
"She will stuff you like a goose, then, it is r-r-r, pâté for everyone.\" \"",
"Shh, here she comes now!\" \"",
"Here you go, little man.\" \"",
"You are so skinny.\" \"",
"We need to fatten you up, don't we?\" \"",
"Come here, don't be afraid.\" \"",
"Do not forget.\" \"",
"You have been warned.\" \"",
"Bon appétit!\" \"\"",
"You have a strange way, Ralph,\" \"\"of proving that the world has grown smaller.\" \"\"",
"So, because you can go round it in three months...\"\" \"\"In eighty days,\" interrupted Phileas Fogg.\" \"\"",
"That's true, gentlemen,\" added John Sullivan.\" \"\"",
"Only eighty days, now that the section between Rothal and Allahabad,\" \"\"on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway, has been opened.\"\" \"",
"So, have you given any more thought to your escape?\" \"",
"You are starting to look like ze fat goose more and more every day.\" \"",
"Ze time will come.\" \"",
"it's a sure thing.\" \"",
"You and your chicken stories!\" \"",
"Is it true?\" \"",
"Can you really go around the world?\" \"",
"But of course you can!\" \"",
"I myself have travelled all over with my humans.\" \"",
"Since they rescued me from the murky waters of the Seine in Paris, oo-la-la, it has been magnifique!\" \"",
"So, wait, there are other oceans out there?\" \"'",
"One day, Snow found a female turtle.\" \"",
"I think she wanted us to...'\" \"Mate!\" \"",
"You've got to be kidding!\" \"",
"I suppose she wants more turtles.\" \"",
"I know what mating is.\" \"",
"That is so not happening.\" \"",
"And who's your hairy friend?\" \"",
"That's Fluffy.\" \"",
"These are his humans.\" \"",
"Exactement!\" \"",
"You just stay away from my humans, sister.\" \"",
"Oh, you can keep your humans as far as I'm concerned.\" \"",
"Bunch of wack-a-doodle-doo creatures!\" \"",
"The further away from them I am, the better.\" \"",
"Tell me, sugar, how long have they been holding you prisoner?\" \"",
"I'm not a prisoner.\" \"",
"Really, then why are you still here?\" \"",
"This is the same question I have been asking for weeks!\" \"",
"Back off, whiskers.\" \"",
"Let me break it down for you.\" \"",
"Where I come from, this here fence looks a lot like a prison, but, OK, believe what you will if it makes you feel better.\" \"",
"Fluffy!\" \"",
"Dinner calls!\" \"",
"À bientôt!\" \" ",
"I'm Sammy.\" \" ",
"Vera.\" \"",
"Speaking of dinner, I am starving!\" \"",
"Do they just feed hairball or us, too?\" \"",
"Yeah, when the sun goes down.\" \"",
"Beautiful!\" \"",
"Don't make any sudden moves on me.\" \"",
"Go ahead and give us a wake-up call when it's time to eat, will you?\" \"(",
"Yawns)\" \"(Sitar music plays)\" \"There you go.\" \"",
"You'll be our little peace ambassador.\" \"",
"Merry Christmas, little man.\" \"",
"Hey, what did she paint on my shell?\" \"",
"Turn around, let me see.\" \"",
"It is zat, stupid... ze sign!\" \"",
"What can I say.\" \"",
"I have told you.\" \"",
"You are marked, mon ami.\" \"",
"Oh, there you go again with the chicken and the funny words routine.\" \"",
"Never mind him, Sammy.\" \"",
"It looks cute on you.\" \"",
"Why do you think they dress up like that with those silly hats?\" \"",
"Incroyable!\" \"",
"You really don't get it?\" \"",
"Because it's Christmas!\" \"",
"You get presents.\" \"",
"Hey, maybe this mark is Snow's present to me.\" \"",
"Doubtful.\" \"",
"In any event, don't get any ideas, Monsieur Hard Shell.\" \"",
"She is only being nice because it's Christmas.\" \"",
"♪ Jingle bells\" \"♪ Jingle bells\" \"♪ Jingle all... ♪\" \"'I still don't know if Fluffy's chicken story was true or not.\" \"'",
"I wanted to believe Snow was a kind human and wouldn't do that to me.\" \"'",
"But you never knew, when it came to humans.\" \"'",
"It didn't take long before the hippies realised,\" \"'Vera and I weren't going to mate.\" \"'",
"They said we had different karmas... 'or auras - whatever they were.'\" \"",
"Zat should be you out there.\" \"",
"Hold on, I thought you liked Vera?\" \"",
"Vera's too old and too tough for turtle soup.\" \"",
"But you...\" \" Ow!\" \" ..\" \"",
"I'd say you were just about right!\" \"",
"Vera!\" \"(",
"Man) None of you kids belong on this beach!\" \"",
"I want you all off here now!\" \"",
"Snow, they're taking Sunshine away!\" \"(",
"Sirens)\" \"The cops!\" \"",
"The army!\" \"",
"They're shipping them out to Vietnam!\" \"(",
"Man) You with the love beads, start that bus up.\" \"",
"Vite, vite, go, go, go!\" \"",
"What's going on?\" \"",
"You, you're coming with us.\" \"",
"This is it, it's chicken time.\" \"",
"You have to hide now!\" \"",
"They did the same thing before.\" \"",
"They... you know what I mean.\" \"",
"Stay put, and don't move.\" \"",
"You don't want to end up as fricassee, do you?\" \"(",
"Man) All right, shake a leg.\" \"",
"Come on, get out of it.\" \"(",
"Young man) We have rights, man.\" \"(",
"Snow) Wait.\" \"",
"Where's the little man?\" \"",
"Has anybody seen him?\" \"",
"I can't find him.\" \"",
"Quiet.\" \"(",
"Man) Right, you horrible lot, everybody get off this beach.\" \"",
"Get your stuff and move out!\" \"(",
"Sirens)\" \"Have a good life little turtle!\" \"",
"Peace.\" \"'",
"The whole time I was with the humans, Fluffy wanted to get rid of me, 'but in the end, it was them who left.\" \"'",
"I never quite understood what happened.'\" \"",
"♪\" \" All the leaves are brown ♪\" \" All the leaves are brown\" \"I\" \" And the sky is grey I\" \" And the sky is grey\" \"♪\" \" I've been for a walk ♪\" \" I've been for a walk\" \"♪\" \" On a winter's day ♪\" \" On a winter's day\" \"♪\" \" I'd be safe and warm ♪\" \" I'd be safe and warm\" \"♪\" \" If I was in L.A. ♪\" \" If I was in L.A.\" \"♪\" \" California dreaming ♪\" \" California dreaming\" \"♪ On such a winter's day\" \"♪ Stopped into a church\" \"♪ I passed along the way\" \"♪\" \" Well I got down on my knees ♪\" \" Got down on my knees\" \"♪\" \" And I pretend to pray ♪\" \" I pretend to pray... ♪\" \"Mm.\" \"",
"Hm!\" \"",
"Oh, hey, excuse me.\" \"",
"You wouldn't know where I could find some food, sea weeds?\" \"(",
"Sighs)\" \"'At that point I thought, maybe I wasn't meant to go on this journey.\" \"'",
"Maybe I'd spent too much time with the humans.\" \"'",
"But there was no turning back now.'\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"(",
"Grunts)\" \"Argh!\" \"",
"Well, well, well, look what the trash brought in!\" \"",
"Vera!\" \"",
"I see you escaped one prison and got yourself all tangled up in another.\" \"",
"I'm so glad to see you.\" \"",
"Yeah, lots of rubbish out here.\" \"",
"Got to be careful.\" \"",
"What brings you here?\" \" ",
"Food.\" \" ",
"Yeah!\" \"",
"Follow me.\" \"",
"What did I tell you?\" \"",
"This is just what I needed.\" \"(",
"Faint) Help!\" \"",
"Hold on a sec, what's that noise?\" \" ",
"I didn't hear anything.\" \" (",
"Faint) Oh, oh!\" \" ",
"This is so tasty!\" \" (",
"Screams)\" \"Shh!\" \"",
"Ah-ha!\" \"",
"Shark!\" \"",
"Help!\" \"",
"Help!\" \"(",
"Screams)\" \"Oh!\" \" ",
"Are you hurt?\" \" ",
"He bit me pretty hard but I'm fine.\" \"",
"He's coming back.\" \"",
"Quick, this way.\" \"",
"Hurry, he's gaining on us.\" \"",
"Quickly.\" \"",
"Here.\" \" (",
"Screams)\" \" Oh!\" \"",
"Quick!\" \"",
"In here.\" \".\" \"",
"Oh!\" \".\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Ohh!\" \"",
"Quick, no!\" \" ",
"Keep going!\" \" ",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Faster, faster!\" \" ",
"Ohh!\" \" (",
"Screams)\" \"Come on, keep going!\" \"(",
"Both gasping)\" \"Keep going!\" \"",
"Down here!\" \"",
"Ohh!\" \"",
"That was close!\" \"",
"Too close.\" \"(",
"Screams) Leave us alone!\" \"",
"Hey you, big teeth!\" \"",
"That's right, hot shot!\" \"",
"I got your scaly botty on my radar!\" \"",
"You picked the wrong turtle to be messing with!\" \"",
"Ohh, you want some of this?\" \"(",
"Grunts) Is that all you've got?\" \"",
"I'm gonna call you the Great Wimp not the Great White!\" \"",
"Ah!\" \" ",
"Oh, no!\" \" ",
"Vera!\" \"",
"Hey, you think that hurts?\" \"",
"What?\" \"",
"Please!\" \"",
"That's all you got?\" \"",
"Oh, yeah, I'm gonna make cat food out of you, pal!\" \"",
"Look at you, I've got one tough shell, fish breath!\" \"",
"You heard me.\" \"",
"And don't make me swim after you!\" \"",
"Woo, that felt good.\" \"",
"No need to worry about mister shark any more.\" \"",
"You were incredible!\" \"",
"Are you two related?\" \"",
"No, we're just friends, well, sort of.\" \"",
"Well, got to go.\" \"",
"Feed the boy, cos, a fat turtle is a happy turtle.\" \"",
"Take care you two.\" \"",
"You know, you don't look too good.\" \"",
"Are you OK?\" \"'",
"Don't give up.\" \"",
"You can still make it!\" \"",
"You have to try.'\" \"(",
"Gasps) You're...\" \"Wait, you're... you're Shelly!\" \"",
"How do you know my name?\" \"",
"Is this a dream?\" \"",
"No, I, I don't think so.\" \"",
"Are you the same \"fell out of a bird's beak when you were hatched,\" Shelly?\" \"",
"Just a minute.\" \"(",
"Gasps) I knew you looked familiar, too!\" \"",
"You saved my life - twice!\" \"",
"What?\" \"",
"No!\" \"",
"The first time was an accident.\" \"",
"That was no accident, that was fate.\" \"",
"You know, I don't even know your name.\" \"",
"Sammy.\" \"",
"Well, Sammy, this is incredible!\" \"",
"It is, isn't it?\" \"",
"How's your shell?\" \"",
"It's just a scratch.\" \"",
"Are you as hungry as I am?\" \"",
"Famished!\" \"'",
"Life is strange.\" \"'",
"Just when you thought the going was pretty tough, 'out of the blue things happen, 'and everything's suddenly great again.'\" \"",
"Hey, Shell, you ever get bored just drifting, going round in circles?\" \"",
"It's what we do.\" \"",
"I know, but wouldn't it be great just to travel around the world?\" \"",
"What do you mean?\" \"",
"This is our world.\" \"",
"I think there's a lot more than these waters.\" \"",
"For instance?\" \"",
"Well, the humans talk about ice oceans and strange islands.\" \"",
"I want to see them!\" \"",
"You're definitely a different type of turtle.\" \" ",
"I guess that's why I like you.\" \" (",
"Gasps) You like me?\" \"",
"What's not to like?\" \"",
"So, just how exactly do you plan on seeing the world?\" \"",
"Have you ever heard about a secret passage?\" \"",
"You really think one exists?\" \" ",
"I do.\" \" ",
"The humans again?\" \"",
"Maybe they made that whole thing up.\" \"",
"Maybe, but I want to do something no one else has done.\" \"",
"I want to see the world, ice oceans!\" \"",
"So, you wanna come along with a weirdo turtle like me?\" \"",
"Is this a proposition, Sammy?\" \"",
"Yes, I suppose it is.\" \" ",
"I'd love to go with you.\" \" (",
"Gasps) Really?\" \"",
"It's not every day you get a chance to see the world, right?\" \"",
"How do we find this secret passage?\" \"",
"I'm not sure.\" \"",
"Let's head south, we'll ask around.\" \"'",
"Everything suddenly fell into place.\" \"'",
"I had a purpose, a journey.\" \"'",
"And best of all, someone to share it with.'\" \"",
"♪ Destiny is a funny thing\" \"♪ We hear people say things are meant to be... ♪\" \"All I know is that I see a lot of ships heading that way.\" \"",
"A secret passage?\" \"",
"That, I couldn't tell you.\" \"",
"I stay as far away from those humans as possible.\" \"",
"That must be the way!\" \"",
"I feel it!\" \"",
"I feel it, too!\" \"",
"Good luck!\" \"",
"♪ Never to feel love\" \"♪ And you will see that nothing at all is impossible\" \"♪ Because love will find a way... ♪\" \"There's loads of boats.\" \"",
"I don't see any secret passage.\" \"",
"Let's move on.\" \"",
"Of course he's not crazy!\" \"",
"We have a plan.\" \"",
"We want to see the world.\" \"",
"Thanks anyway.\" \"",
"This is not as easy as I thought.\" \"",
"Wait!\" \"",
"Over there!\" \"",
"♪ Because mountains and valleys may come between us\" \"♪ But time nor space will ever defeat us\" \"♪ And you will see that nothing at all is impossible... ♪\" \"This is not the secret passage.\" \"",
"Look at all this nasty stuff around here.\" \"",
"This can't be it.\" \"",
"I think you're right.\" \"(",
"Birdsong)\" \"Taste the water!\" \" ",
"It's sweet!\" \" ",
"Wait!\" \"",
"I remember the humans mentioned something about sweet water\" \" flowing through the secret passage.\" \" ",
"Do you think we're close?\" \"",
"Yeah!\" \"",
"This must be it.\" \"",
"Let's check it out.\" \"",
"It's so different and so beautiful.\" \"",
"It's amazing!\" \"(",
"Bird call)\" \"Wow, did you see that?\" \"",
"There's birds everywhere!\" \"",
"We've got to be careful.\" \"",
"Look at that!\" \"",
"I've never seen a snake that big in the ocean.\" \"",
"Maybe he's the guardian of the secret passage.\" \" (",
"Hisses)\" \" Let's keep going.\" \"",
"That is one strange looking beast.\" \"",
"It looks like a real monster.\" \"(",
"Gasps) Did you see that?\" \" ",
"What?\" \" ",
"I'm not sure.\" \"",
"I feel like we're being followed.\" \"(",
"Gasps)\" \"Sammy?\" \"",
"Ohh!\" \"",
"I don't think they're anything to worry about.\" \"",
"They're not that big.\" \"",
"OW!\" \"",
"Ah!\" \"",
"True, unless you count the fact they have a whole lot of nasty teeth...\" \"There seem to be quite a lot of them.\" \"(",
"Growls)\" \" (Growls) - (Scream)\" \"See, I told you they were...\" \" Ah!\" \" ",
"Sammy!\" \"",
"Let me go!\" \"",
"Ahh!\" \"",
"Ahh!\" \"(",
"Grunts)\" \"Why did you bring me up here?\" \" (",
"Cheeping)\" \" Ow!\" \"",
"OW!\" \"",
"Ow!\" \"",
"Stop it!\" \"",
"Ow!\" \"",
"Cut it out!\" \"(",
"Gasps)\" \" (Cheeping)\" \" Ahh, cut it out!\" \"(",
"Chainsaw)\" \"(Screams)\" \"Great!\" \"",
"Now how do I get down?\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"(",
"Ship horn)\" \"(Sawing continues)\" \"Ohh!\" \"(",
"Screams)\" \"Oh!\" \"",
"Sammy, I was so frightened!\" \"",
"I thought I'd lost you forever.\" \"(",
"Gasps) Duck!\" \"",
"Maybe looking for the secret passage is a bad idea!\" \"",
"I think I know where it is!\" \"",
"When I was up in that tree,\" \"I saw all these big ships heading towards a place in the distance.\" \"",
"I think we're close.\" \"",
"Really close!\" \"(",
"Ship horn)\" \"We made it!\" \"",
"You were right!\" \"",
"Yeah, and getting through is gonna be another story.\" \"",
"Sammy, you're too close!\" \"",
"Follow me!\" \"",
"We've gotta get ahead of the ship!\" \"",
"Maybe we should go back!\" \"",
"They already closed the door behind us.\" \"",
"We've come this far!\" \"",
"We can make it!\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Oh!\" \" ",
"Sammy!\" \" ",
"Shelly!\" \"",
"I can't hold onto the rope!\" \"",
"Hold on, I'm coming to get you.\" \" ",
"Sammy!\" \" ",
"Stay!\" \"",
"Stay!\" \"",
"Hold on.\" \"",
"Just hold on!\" \" (",
"Screams)\" \" Shelly!\" \" ",
"Help!\" \" ",
"No, no, no!\" \"",
"Shelly?\" \"",
"Shelly!\" \"",
"Shelly, where are you?\" \"",
"Shelly?\" \"",
"Shelly?\" \"",
"Shelly?\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Shelly!\" \"",
"Shelly.\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Ohh!\" \"",
"Argh!\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Ohh!\" \"",
"Ahh!\" \"(",
"Gasps)\" \"Ohh!\" \"",
"Oh, Shelly!\" \"'",
"Losing Shelly was all my fault.\" \"'",
"My big idea to see the world, and now here it was.'\" \"",
"♪ Ain't no sunshine when she's gone\" \"♪ it's not warm when she's away\" \"♪ Ain't no sunshine when she's gone\" \"♪ And she's always gone too long anytime she goes away... ♪\" \"Yo, what's up with you?\" \" ",
"Nothing.\" \" ",
"Is you lost?\" \"",
"I suppose I am.\" \"",
"♪ ..when she's gone\" \"♪ Wonder if she's gone to stay\" \"♪ Ain't no sunshine when she's gone\" \"♪ And this house just ain't no home anytime she goes away\" \"♪ Anytime she goes away\" \"♪ Mm-mm-mm-mm\" \"♪ And I know, I know, I know, I know\" \"♪ I know, I know, I know, I know, I know... ♪\" \" Well, hello there, young turtle!\" \" ",
"Hi.\" \"",
"What's that funny looking mark on your shell?\" \"",
"Humans painted it on me.\" \"",
"Oh, you poor thing.\" \"",
"No, it's not what you think.\" \"",
"You're the second turtle we've met with a strange mark on its shell.\" \"",
"A shark bite?\" \"",
"Yeah, I think that's what she said it was.\" \"",
"Yes, I think you're right, dear.\" \"",
"Oh, she was a lovely female, too.\" \"",
"A bit strange though.\" \"",
"Sure was!\" \"",
"Told us some crazy story about going through a secret passage, heading for the ice oceans.\" \"",
"You sure she said secret passageway?\" \"",
"Heard her plain as day!\" \"",
"Indeed we did.\" \"",
"She was going on and on and on about sweet water, giant ships...\" \"That's Shelly!\" \"",
"Why, I do believe that was her name.\" \"",
"Shelly's alive!\" \"",
"She's alive!\" \"",
"Oh, thank you, thank you!\" \"",
"You just made me the happiest turtle in the whole ocean!\" \"",
"Thank you!\" \"",
"Good luck, dear.\" \"",
"We truly hope you find your mate.\" \"",
"Oh, to be young and in love again.\" \"'",
"I searched everywhere.\" \"'",
"I talked to anyone who would listen.\" \"'",
"For a long time, Shelly seemed to have vanished without trace.\" \"'",
"But, once in awhile, I'd come across turtles who'd seen her.\" \"'",
"They gave me hope, fleeting as it was, 'because every time I was close to finding her,\" \"'I'd lose all trace of her again.\" \"'",
"If only she had known I was looking for her.\"\" \"",
"♪ I've been searching\" \"♪ Across the lonely water\" \"♪ Arms wide open to take you\" \"♪ Seems like forever\" \"♪ Since we last were laughing\" \"♪ Do you remember it the way I do?\" \"",
"♪ Just know you never are alone\" \"♪ We just need to find our way back home\" \"♪ You're not alone\" \"♪ We just need to find our way... ♪\" \"Hey there, turtle!\" \"",
"What's that crazy do-malarkey on your shell there?\" \"",
"Helipad or something?\" \"",
"It's a human marking.\" \" ",
"A peace sign.\" \" ",
"Peace sign?\" \"",
"Where have I heard that before?\" \"",
"Thinking, thinking, och aye, that's what she called it.\" \" ",
"Who?\" \" ",
"Oh, a cute little greenback like you.\" \"",
"Big talker she was.\" \"",
"Going on about sweet water, a secret passage, and propellers!\" \"",
"You saw Shelly?\" \"",
"I sure did!\" \"",
"She had to go to the ice ocean.\" \"",
"Made no sense to me, but then again what do I know, I'm just a bird,\" \" you're the turtle.\" \" ",
"I've gotta get there, fast!\" \"",
"Hold on, it's mighty cold there.\" \"",
"Please, just tell me how I get there!\" \"",
"This current you're on will get you there in no time.\" \" ",
"Wouldn't stay there too long, though.\" \" ",
"Ow!\" \"",
"Frozen stiff ain't too attractive, if you know what I mean.\" \"(",
"Laughs)\" \"Gotta fly, got a date with a pelican.\" \"'",
"Funny how things had a way of repeating themselves.\" \"'",
"I guess it was all a matter of circumstance and how you looked at it.\" \"'",
"This time around, strangely enough, I was really happy to see a bird.'\" \"(",
"Thunderclap)\" \"(Thunderclap)\" \"(Wind howling)\" \"I say, little man, what's that you're riding on?\" \"",
"I don't know.\" \"",
"The humans threw it away.\" \"",
"I think it's some kind of boat.\" \"",
"Looks pretty seaworthy.\" \"",
"What brings you to these waters?\" \"",
"You're a long way from where you should be?\" \"",
"I, I know.\" \"",
"I'm freezing.\" \"",
"Maybe you can help me.\" \"",
"I'm looking for...\" \"Look out!\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Put down your weapons!\" \"",
"You cannot do this!\" \"",
"You're in violation of the law!\" \"",
"The world is watching!\" \" ",
"Hey, look at that!\" \"",
"It's a green turtle!\" \" ",
"Give me a hand.\" \"",
"Pull him up here.\" \" ",
"You found another one?\" \" ",
"Yeah, you believe that?\" \"",
"What are they doing in this part of the world?\" \"",
"I know the climate's changing, but turtles in Antarctica?\" \"",
"That's crazy.\" \"",
"Shelly?\" \"(",
"Barks)\" \"(Barks)\" \"(Chattering)\" \"(Trims)\" \"(Trims)\" \"Here you go, my friend.\" \"(",
"Man) Her vital signs are good.\" \"",
"She's made a remarkable recovery.\" \"",
"We'll give her one last check up when we get back to base, then we'll tag her and she's good to go.\" \"",
"Yes, I was right, it is you!\" \"",
"I've got to get out of here.\" \"(",
"Bangs wall)\" \"Open!\" \"",
"Open!\" \"",
"Shelly?\" \"",
"Oh.\" \"",
"Oh!\" \" ",
"Shelly!\" \" (",
"All chatter excitedly)\" \"Sammy?\" \"(",
"Mimics) Sammy!\" \"(",
"All chatter at once)\" \"Hey, easy!\" \"",
"You're gonna hurt yourself if you fall off there.\" \"",
"All right, all right everybody.\" \"",
"Shush!\" \"",
"Shelly, is that you?\" \"",
"Not today.\" \"",
"Sorry, I thought you were someone else.\" \"",
"Do you know what's going to happen to us?\" \"",
"I heard the humans talking about this place.\" \"",
"They're gonna take good care of us, put some kind of tag on us, and release us back into the ocean, man.\" \"",
"I say, \"Relax and enjoy the food.\"\" \"",
"I heard they got good cheese Fritos, man, and that stuff is good.\" \"",
"OK?\" \"",
"Level\" \"Easy.\" \"",
"Sacré bleu!\" \"",
"Well, look who it is!\" \"",
"You are so fat, mon ami.\" \"",
"Oh, it's you, Fluffy.\" \"",
"But of course it's me!\" \"",
"Don't I look just as fantastique as ever?\" \"",
"I should be mad at you for tricking me that day on the beach.\" \"",
"Oh, yes, ze chicken story.\" \"",
"Well, you got me zere.\" \"",
"I made it all up.\" \"",
"I was a little more insecure back then.\" \"",
"You're not going to hold a grudge, are you?\" \"",
"No.\" \"",
"it's good to see you, Fluffy.\" \"",
"You, too, mon frére.\" \"",
"So, how did you end up in here?\" \"",
"I practically got myself frozen in the ice ocean.\" \"",
"Really?\" \"",
"So you did it, you went and saw the world after all?\" \"",
"Yes.\" \"",
"But you do not sound too happy about it.\" \"",
"Pourquoi?\" \"",
"It's a long story.\" \"",
"Oh, mon dieu, speaking of stories,\" \"I have to admit I did miss you, whenever Snow started reading her books to me.\" \"",
"Snow's here?\" \"",
"Mais out!\" \"",
"Somewhere.\" \" ",
"Shelly!\" \" ",
"Shelly?\" \"",
"Who is that?\" \"",
"Never mind!\" \"",
"You have to help me get out of here, now!\" \"",
"OK, OK.\" \"",
"For being so slow, you turtles are always in a hurry.\" \"",
"Fluffy!\" \"",
"What do you want me to do?\" \"",
"I need you to get the door open.\" \"",
"Certain.\" \"",
"What are doing in there bothering the animals, again, Fluffy?\" \"",
"Oh, I don't believe it.\" \"",
"Fluffy, you recognised him?\" \"",
"It's our little peace ambassador.\" \"",
"Look at you, little man, all grown up.\" \"",
"What happened to you?\" \"",
"How did you get here?\" \"",
"I was afraid you wouldn't make it after I dumped you on the beach.\" \"",
"It's so good to see you.\" \"",
"I know, I know, you're in a hurry to get back to the sea, aren't you?\" \"",
"Well, we're gonna get you out there soon enough.\" \"",
"First we have to tag you.\" \"",
"I need to get some more from the other building.\" \"",
"It's so good to see you, little man, isn't it Fluffy?\" \"",
"Back in a jiffy.\" \"",
"Fluffy, hurry!\" \"",
"All right, stand clear, I will get ze door open!\" \"",
"Oy, oy, oy, stop that.\" \"",
"Come on, outside, Fluffy, come on, outside and play.\" \"",
"Leave the animals be.\" \"",
"Sorry, mon ami.\" \"",
"OK, here we go.\" \"",
"You find yourself a mate, little man.\" \"",
"And stay away from the cold water, OK?\" \"",
"Bye-bye.\" \"'",
"For a sea turtle, the odds of surviving in the ocean are pretty slim.\" \"'",
"Shelly and I made it through some tough situations, 'with, at times, a little help from the humans.\" \"'",
"But somehow, no matter how hard we tried, 'fate was determined to keep us apart.\"\" \" ",
"You have to help us!\" \" ",
"What's wrong?\" \"",
"He's trapped!\" \"",
"He's gonna fall over!\" \" ",
"Who?\" \" ",
"Hurry!\" \"",
"Follow us!\" \"",
"We found someone to help you!\" \"",
"Good, cos this thing's about to go!\" \"",
"Hold up, hold up, is that all you could find?\" \"",
"You might as well have brought me a shrimp.\" \"",
"He's too small!\" \"",
"What's he gonna do?\" \"",
"How's he gonna help me?\" \"",
"Stop moving!\" \"",
"You'll send yourself over the edge, and you're done for!\" \"",
"Wait a second.\" \"",
"You sound familiar.\" \"",
"Come here.\" \"",
"Come on, come closer.\" \"",
"Let me get a better look at you.\" \"",
"Well, twist my shell cos I can't believe this!\" \"",
"Sammy?\" \"",
"Sammy, is that you?\" \"",
"Ray?\" \"",
"I thought you were...\" \"Go ahead, go on say it- turtle soup, huh?\" \"(",
"Laughs)\" \"How did you ever get away?\" \"",
"Ah, it takes a lot more to stop old Ray here.\" \"",
"You know that.\" \"",
"It took me two days.\" \"",
"This kid, a first-timer on the boat, found me, tossed me in a bait bucket.\" \" ",
"Hoo.\" \" ",
"Good thing, too, cos I was starving!\" \"",
"After I ate all the bait, I jumped overboard.\" \"",
"By then we were miles away from each other.\" \"",
"I blamed myself for us getting separated.\" \"",
"No, Ray, you...\" \"Whoa!\" \"",
"He's gonna fall over if you don't get him out of there!\" \"",
"I can do this.\" \"",
"How did you end up in this thing anyway?\" \"",
"OK, let me tell you about it, right?\" \"",
"It was full of frozen squid when I found it!\" \"",
"It was gonna be an easy in and out, but it slipped and I got trapped, so I just started eating them one by one, cos they thawed out real slow.\" \"",
"But as I was eating, I started getting full, then I started moving slow, then I couldn't move and you know me I got the trots.\" \"",
"OK, OK, no more talking, it's time to get you outta there!\" \"(",
"Grunts)\" \"No, no, no!\" \"",
"Easy, Sammy.\" \"",
"Don't move, Ray, stay still.\" \"",
"No!\" \"",
"Ray!\" \"",
"Sammy, can you get me out of here?\" \"",
"Get me out of here!\" \" ",
"Ahh!\" \" ",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Ahh!\" \"(",
"Grunts)\" \"Whoo!\" \"",
"I knew you had my shell all the time, my friend.\" \"",
"Whoo!\" \"",
"Ladies, my heartfelt gratitude goes out to you.\" \"",
"Your bravery is only exceeded by your collective beauty.\" \"(",
"Both giggle)\" \"Good line, Ray.\" \"",
"Isn't it?\" \"",
"Aside from the obvious reason, it's really good to see you, Sammy.\" \"",
"It's been a long time.\" \"",
"So what are you doing out here all alone?\" \"",
"It's a long story.\" \" ",
"Now where have I heard that before?\" \" ",
"I need your help, Ray.\" \"",
"Hey, we're practically brothers.\" \"",
"What do you need?\" \"",
"I have to find someone.\" \"",
"Someone very special to me.\" \"",
"The trick is to know where to look.\" \"",
"And this time of year, there's only one place she would be headed.\" \"",
"That would be the magical place.\" \"",
"Look at this.\" \"",
"It shines like this all day.\" \"",
"You never want to leave.\" \"",
"This is amazing!\" \"",
"If you're looking for a mate, this is where you wanna be.\" \"",
"There's Rita!\" \"",
"Hey, Honeybee!\" \" ",
"Rita, I'm back!\" \" ",
"Huh?\" \"",
"What?\" \"(",
"Gasps) Ray!\" \"",
"What took you so long?\" \"",
"Oh, shnookums, I was...\" \"entangled, so to speak, OK?\" \"",
"And then I swam into my very old friend.\" \"",
"Honey, sugar pie, this is Sammy.\" \"(",
"Gasps) Sammy?\" \"",
"For real?\" \"",
"The one and only.\" \"",
"Hi, Rita.\" \"",
"Very pleased to meet you.\" \"",
"I thought you was dead?\" \"",
"I mean, Ray always thought...\" \"I know, turtle soup.\" \"",
"I'm glad you finally tamed his wandering ways.\" \"(",
"Both) He's cute.\" \"",
"Hey, hey, hey, relax, girls, he's got a mate already.\" \"",
"Well, where is she?\" \"",
"I'd love to meet her.\" \" ",
"I wish I knew.\" \" ",
"That's why we're here.\" \"",
"See, we need to find her.\" \"",
"They were separated quite a while ago.\" \"",
"Oh, you poor dear.\" \"",
"They've been looking for each other ever since.\" \"(",
"Both) Oh, how romantic.\" \"",
"She's got a shark bite on her shell.\" \" ",
"Anybody seen her?\" \" ",
"I believe I did.\" \"",
"What's her name?\" \" ",
"Shelly.\" \" ",
"Yes, that's her!\" \"",
"Where did you see her?\" \"",
"Where did she go?\" \"",
"I'm pretty sure she went in there.\" \"",
"What are you waiting for, buddy?\" \"",
"Let's go find her.\" \" ",
"Oh, no, you don't.\" \" ",
"Oh, but sugar bee...\" \"You stay right here.\" \"",
"Sammy needs me.\" \"",
"You brought him here, now it's up to him.\" \"",
"Oh, OK then.\" \"",
"I'll be right here if you want me.\" \"(",
"Both) You'll find her, Sammy.\" \"",
"Love always finds a way.\" \"",
"Yeah.\" \"",
"♪ Always finds a way\" \"♪ I know you're somewhere out there\" \"♪\" \" Somewhere far away\" \" Shelly?\" \"",
"♪\" \" I want you back\" \" Shelly?\" \"",
"♪ I want you back\" \"♪\" \" My neighbours think I'm crazy\" \" Shelly?\" \"",
"♪ But they don't understand\" \"♪ You're all I have\" \"♪ At night when the stars light up my room\" \"♪ I sit by myself\" \"♪ Talking to the moon\" \"♪ Trying to get to you\" \"♪ In hopes you're on the other side\" \"♪ Talking to me too\" \"♪ Or am I a fool\" \"♪ Who sits alone\" \"♪ Talking to the moon?\" \"",
"♪ Oh-oh-oh\" \"♪ I'm feeling like I'm famous\" \"♪ The talk of the town\" \"♪ They say I've gone mad\" \"♪ Yeah, I've gone mad\" \"♪ But they don't know what I know\" \"♪ Cos when the sun goes down... ♪\" \"Shelly?\" \"",
"Shelly?\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"(",
"Grunts)\" \"Shelly?\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"",
"What's wrong?\" \"",
"You didn't find her?\" \"",
"She's here all right.\" \"",
"She's got a mate.\" \"",
"Are you sure?\" \"",
"I'm positive.\" \"",
"I saw them together behind the boat.\" \"",
"Oh, no.\" \"",
"I'm really sorry, Sammy.\" \"",
"What are you gonna do now?\" \"",
"I know, I know you're probably not thinking this way, but there are lots of other turtles out there.\" \"",
"Stop it, Ray.\" \"",
"That's not what he wants to hear right now.\" \"",
"Hey, Ray, you's back, how's it going?\" \" ",
"Could be better.\" \" ",
"Ooh, hi, Rita.\" \"",
"Robbie, Clara's been looking for you.\" \"",
"Well, that figures.\" \"",
"With all the good-looking gals out here, she does not want me to be wandering around too much.\" \" (",
"Both giggle)\" \" Well, I better get going.\" \"",
"And later.\" \"",
"You too, manana banana, you know what I'm talkin' about.\" \" ",
"Who's Clara?\" \" ",
"Robbie's mate.\" \"",
"I thought...\" \"Shelly and...\" \"Robbie were...\" \"Mates?\" \"(",
"Laughs hysterically)\" \"Yes, that's the way it looked to me.\" \"",
"Robbie?\" \"",
"Oh, oh, he'll flirt with any gal that says hello, and that's why Clara keeps him on a tight leash.\" \"",
"That... would be Robbie.\" \"",
"I should do the same with you.\" \"",
"Me on a leash?\" \"",
"Oh, sugar, you know you're my baby bee.\" \"",
"So that means...\" \"Shelly may not have a mate after all.\" \"",
"You might be right.\" \"",
"What do I do?\" \"",
"I wouldn't be waiting around here.\" \"",
"But what if she doesn't...\" \"Doesn't what?\" \"",
"Duh!\" \"",
"Want him as her mate.\" \"",
"Oh, yeah, OK, hold on, hold on.\" \"",
"I got it!\" \"",
"I got an idea.\" \"",
"All right, listen to me, this is what you're gonna have to do,\" \"You're gonna need to make a big entrance, Sammy.\" \"",
"Is Albert still hanging around?\" \"",
"He is.\" \"",
"What crazy idea are you trying to pull off this time?\" \"",
"Trust me, eh!\" \"",
"Ohh!\" \"(",
"Screams)\" \"Help!\" \"",
"Oh!\" \"",
"Oh, thank you.\" \"",
"You were so brave.\" \"",
"I suppose I was finally in the right place at the right time.\" \"",
"Sammy?\" \"",
"How did you find me?\" \"",
"Look out!\" \"",
"Behind you!\" \"",
"It's OK... he's a friend.\" \"",
"What?\" \"",
"What, what's going on?\" \"",
"I knew this was a bad idea\" \"Oh, I see.\" \"",
"After what happened at the secret passage, I wasn't sure if...\" \"If what?\" \"",
"If you and I were meant to be.\" \"",
"Come here, silly.\" \"",
"♪ Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh, oh-bi-do\" \"J Wo-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-bi-do!\" \"",
"Yeah!\" \"",
"I\" \" Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh, oh-bi-do - (Both) Whoo!\" \"",
"♪ Wo-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh\" \"♪ I was born, by a mother at the school of understanding\" \"♪ And raised, by a sister, who taught me I could be standing\" \"♪ At the age of seven, I fell in love with Blackie\" \"♪ And nothing could come in my way\" \"♪ When women go smiling\" \"♪ I start running\" \"♪ When women go talking\" \"♪ I start blushing\" \"♪ When women start asking\" \"♪\" \" Why I keep on falling\" \" Keep on falling\" \"♪ I can't stop running away\" \"♪ They call me little love child with a thorn in my side\" \"♪ You shouldn't be talking to me\" \"♪ They call me little love child with a thorn in my side\" \"♪ You shouldn't be talking to me\" \"♪ Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh, oh-bi-do\" \"♪ Wo-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh\" \"♪ I soon turned eleven I was lost and separated\" \"♪ It was head over heels that got me stimulated\" \"♪ Like John McEnroe, my sky kept on falling\" \"♪ I knew I had something to say... ♪\" \"Look, I'm getting all blubbery and soft-shelled.\" \"",
"Oh, you poor dear.\" \"",
"Next thing you know I'm gonna put a little pink pom-pom on my tail.\" \"",
"Oh, I'm so sensitive.\" \"",
"♪ Asking, asking, we're falling, we're falling... ♪\" \"'The day I was born, the odds were I wasn't going to make it, 'and I didn't have a clue as to what I was supposed to do.\" \"'",
"Ray showed me how to have fun and the meaning of true friendship, 'and then I met Shelly.\" \"'",
"She made me complete, gave my life meaning, 'and that, by any measure, is pretty great.\" \"'",
"As for humans,\" \"'I must admit, we're going to need their help more and more, 'to protect us and keep our oceans alive and beautiful.'\" \"",
"Looks like the little ones made it out pretty good this time.\" \"",
"Well, looks that way.\" \"",
"So, where did we say we're supposed to meet the women again?\" \"",
"Tristan da Cunha.\" \"",
"Tristan da what?\" \"",
"It's in the middle of nowhere.\" \" ",
"Any humans?\" \" ",
"What can I say?\" \"",
"You know they're everywhere!\" \"",
"Hello?\" \" ",
"I've got this one.\" \" ",
"Go for it.\" \"",
"Hello, hello, is anybody up there?\" \"",
"Hi, there.\" \"",
"Uh, hi, I can't get out.\" \"",
"Could you help me?\" \"",
"I know exactly how you feel.\" \"",
"Let me give you a little nudge to get you started.\" \"",
"The first steps are always the hardest.\" \"",
"What exactly am I supposed to do?\" \"",
"Just put one flipper in front of the other and you'll be all right.\" \"",
"♪ 00-oo-oo\" \"♪ 00-oo-oo\" \"♪ Sometimes I get my head in a dilly\" \"♪ Feeling so lost, ticking you off\" \"♪ Now, boy, you know me well\" \"♪ Said, I'm that kinda filly\" \"♪ That kind of soft, that kind of silly\" \"♪ But when I'm in doubt, I open my mouth\" \"♪ And words come out, words come out like\" \"♪ Baby, there's a shark in the water, water\" \"♪ There's something underneath my bed\" \"♪ Oh, please believe I said\" \"♪ Baby, there's a shark in the water, water\" \"♪ I caught them barking at the moon\" \"♪ Better be soon\" \"♪ High in the sky, the song that I'm singing\" \"♪ A sweet little lie, I cry wolf, cry\" \"♪ Rabbit out the hat\" \"♪ Yes, that's what I'm bringing\" \"♪ Got some tricks up my sleeve\" \"♪ For noticing me\" \"♪ Oh, yeah\" \"♪ I wouldn't cause you any harm,\" \"♪ I just want you in my arms\" \"♪ I can't help, I can't help myself\" \"♪ Baby, there's a shark in the water\" \"♪ There's something underneath my bed\" \"♪ Oh, please believe I said\" \"♪ Baby, there's a shark in the water, water\" \"♪ I caught them barking at the moon\" \"♪ Better be soon\" \"♪ Better be soon\" \"♪ Right is right Rules are rules\" \"♪ This is more like April fool\" \"♪ I'm just winding you up I\""
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[
"Q:\n\nProgram to evaluate powers of complex numbers\n\nI'm trying to develop a simple program to evaluate integral powers of a complex number \\$z\\$ , that is, \\$z^n\\$, where \\$z\\$ is in the algebrical form \\$a+i b\\$ and \\$n \\in \\mathbb{Z} ^{*} _{+}\\$. \nHow I was trying to proceed:\nFirst, I defined a product function, and next I intended to define a exponentiation function inside of which I iterated the product function (the code can bee seen below). ",
"Is it correct? ",
"Is there a more efficient alternative for doing that?",
"\n include <stdio.h>\n include <math.h>\n\n struct complex {\n float real,imag;\n };\n\n struct complex product (struct complex x, struct complex y){\n /* using the distributive property, (a+ib)(c+id) = (ac-bd)+i(ad+bc)*/\n struct complex z;\n z.real = (x.real * y.real)- (x.imag * y.imag);\n z.imag = (x.real * y.imag) + (x.imag * y.real);\n return z;\n } \n\n struct complex exponentiation (struct complex z, int n){\n int i;\n struct complex w;\n w = z;\n for (i=1, i<n, i++)\n w = product (w,z);\n return w;\n }\n\nA:\n\nC has a built-in complex type and a cpow() function since C99. ",
" You seem to be reinventing-the-wheel.",
"\nOnly in rare circumstances should you use float. ",
" In most cases, you should use double instead.",
"\nExponentiation of complex numbers is better done using the polar representation:\n$$z = r e^{i\\theta}$$\nwhere\n$$\\begin{align}\nz &= a + i b \\\\\nr &= \\sqrt{a^2 + b^2} \\\\\n\\theta &= \\arctan{\\frac{b}{a}}\n\\end{align}$$\nthen\n$$z^n = (r e^{i\\theta})^n = r\\,^n e^{i\\ n \\theta}$$\nFor non-trivial values of \\$n\\$, you would be better off converting to a polar representation, performing the exponentiation, and converting back to the Cartesian representation.",
"\n\n"
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[
"Pages\n\nThursday, January 07, 2010\n\nOne more update from Aaron! (",
"Home tomorrow!!)",
"\n\nSorry for not writing for a while; we have been on some adventurous outings, sometimes not returning until late and there have been computer issues at the lodge where we have been staying.",
"\n\nMy first subject for this post is driving in Kenya. ",
"Potholes. ",
"Big ones, small ones, medium ones. ",
"They are everywhere and almost all the time. ",
"You almost never have the luxury of driving in a straight line in Kenya. ",
"You are either dodging the myriads of potholes or cows, or donkeys, or motorcycles, people, dogs, bicycles, tractors, trucks, or you name it. ",
"About the only driving rule there is here is that bigger vehicles can go up to 80km per hour and small ones can go 100km per hour. ",
"I have felt like I have been riding an old wooden roller-coaster for 9 days.",
"\n\nTransportation of anything here is a challenge. ",
"I cannot imagine what the vehicle maintenance costs would be if you were to live here. ",
"For my steel co-horts, we have seen flat-bed trucks with 3 coils (about 120,000 lbs), so you can see how the roads do not last.",
"\n\nThrough all of this cross country travel we have visited schools, orphanages, churches, widows, carpentry shops, hospitals, clinics, and private homes. ",
"We are always given the honored guest status wherever we go. ",
"It is amazing to watch the spirit of the people here. ",
"I have gotten sick to my stomach thinking that we are eating a feast prepared by our guests when there are so many hungry just a few feet outside.",
"\n\nThe eyes and smiles of the people are penetrating; I am sure it is something I will never forget. ",
"The people everywhere we go ask when we can return and ask if we can stay longer.",
"On of the highlights of the week was worshiping with about 100 people on Sunday. ",
"They cut the service short after 3 hours due to our need to visit another group in the afternoon. ",
"I am thankful that Jesus Christ is being preached here. ",
"I shared that although the miles between us are many we both serve the same God.",
"\n\nThis part of Africa is very colonial and everyday is like stepping back in time....until from the middle of a cow dung-mud hut a Kenyan pulls out his cell phone to answer a call.",
"\n\nGoodreads Update\n\nNobody is doing Young Adult Fiction better than Jeff Zentner right now. ",
"Older teens will appreciate how he captures conflicting emotions and tumultuous relationships while keeping a great sense of humor.",
"\n\nIt took me FOREVER to finish this. ",
"I almost abandoned it, but picked it up over Spring Break. ",
"It's difficult to read because this is a childhood that we'd rather not know about.",
"\nThe second half of the book is most fascinating to me as h..."
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"# This source code was written by the Go contributors.",
"\n# The master list of contributors is in the main Go distribution,\n# visible at http://tip.golang.org/CONTRIBUTORS.",
"\n"
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[
"Introduction {#Sec1}\n============\n\nOsteoporosis and sarcopenia are common and costly comorbid diseases of aging, and there is an urgent need to prevent and treat both to reduce their associated morbidity and mortality \\[[@CR1]••\\]. ",
"A burgeoning body of work shows that they share many common risk factors and biological pathways such as effects of growth hormone and inflammatory cytokines \\[[@CR2], [@CR3]\\]. ",
"Moreover, the common mesenchymal origin of bone and muscle cells underpins the tight link between these conditions from the early stages of embryonic development.",
"\n\nMuscle mass and function are important determinants of skeletal growth and bone mass accrual in growing humans. ",
"This adaption of bone tissue to loading follows the principles of Frost's mechanostat theory, i.e., bone growth and bone loss are stimulated by the muscle forces/loads acting upon bone surfaces \\[[@CR4]\\]. ",
"In addition to their mechanical interaction, bone and muscle are jointly regulated by hormones, and inextricably linked genetically and molecularly \\[[@CR5]\\]. ",
"However, the latter interactions are difficult to observe and measure; thus, their roles are less well recognized. ",
"The recent rise of new technologies (arising from genetics, molecular biology etc.) ",
"has shed new light on the genetic and molecular interplay between bone and muscle; thus, our understanding of these interactions has evolved over time. ",
"In the past few years, studies have endeavored to (1) disentangle the intricate molecular mechanisms that lead to osteoporosis and sarcopenia and (2) develop new treatment strategies by pinpointing drug targets common to both conditions.",
"\n\nThe aim of this review is to summarize the evidence from current studies on the shared genetics between bone and muscle in humans. ",
"Another recent review has addressed this topic in mouse models \\[[@CR6]\\].",
"\n\nGenome-Wide Association Study for Bone or Muscle-Related Phenotypes {#Sec2}\n===================================================================\n\nRisk factors affecting osteoporosis and sarcopenia have a strong genetic component, with heritability estimates above 60% \\[[@CR7]\\]. ",
"Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple genetic variants influencing the variability of bone mass (Fig.",
" [1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"In total, 62 loci \\[[@CR8]--[@CR12]\\] have been associated with DXA-derived bone mineral density (BMD) at either the femoral neck or lumbar spine, while 36 loci \\[[@CR13]\\] have been associated with total body BMD. ",
"Notably, these GWASs have highlighted known bone-active pathways, i.e., OPG-RANK-RANKL, WNT, and mesenchymal differentiation, among others \\[[@CR14]\\]. ",
"One of the greatest successes in the osteoporosis field was achieved through the discovery of the BMD locus harboring *WNT16*, a critical regulator of cortical bone thickness \\[[@CR15]\\] and trabecular bone mass \\[[@CR16]\\]. ",
"Moreover, with an ever-growing number of genes discovered by GWASs, novel pathways acting on bone have been identified (e.g., oncogenic and melanogenesis pathways). ",
"Recently, 518 loci have been associated with ultrasound-derived heel BMD \\[[@CR17], [@CR18]\\], estimated in more than 400,000 participants of the UK Biobank (UKBB) study. ",
"Together, these studies have provided new insights into the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, illustrated by the discovery and functional validation of *GPC6* and *DAAM2*. *",
"GPC6* may serve as novel drug target for osteoporosis, since it encodes glypican, which is involved in cellular growth control and differentiation. ",
"Moreover, GPC6 loss of function leads to increased bone mineral content and developmental skeletal abnormalities. *",
"DAAM2* also may be a potential drug target for osteoporosis as it shows effects on bone strength, porosity, and quality in murine models by indirect regulation of the canonical Wnt signaling. *",
"DAAM2* was also expressed in human skeletal muscle \\[[@CR19]\\] (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}).Fig. ",
"1Phenogram showing genome-wide association study results for bone and muscle-related phenotypes. ",
"Genes mapping to loci associated with lean mass (light blue), hand grip (light green), heel ultrasound estimated BMD (red), and DXA-derived BMD (gray). ",
"The ideogram was constructed using Phenogram <http://visualization.ritchielab.psu.edu/phenograms/plot>Table 1Bone genes discovered by UK Biobank (and other GWAS) and evidence of their molecular role in the muscleeBMD geneMuscle-related traitReference*AHNAK*Gene expression in human skeletal muscleSu, Ekman et al. ",
"2015*AQP1*Gene expression in human skeletal muscleSu, Ekman et al. ",
"2015*ARHGAP26*Positive/mouse skeletal muscle mass KOVerbrugge, Schönfelder et al. ",
"2018*BCKDHB*Gene expression in human skeletal muscleSu, Ekman et al. ",
"2015*DAAM2*Gene expression in human skeletal muscleSu, Ekman et al. ",
"2015*DLEU1*Gene expression in human skeletal muscleSu, Ekman et al. ",
"2015*GRB10*Negative/mouse skeletal muscle mass KOVerbrugge, Schönfelder et al. ",
"2018*HMGA2*Positive/mouse skeletal muscle mass KOVerbrugge, Schönfelder et al. ",
"2018*IGFBP2*Negative/mouse skeletal muscle mass overexpressVerbrugge, Schönfelder et al. ",
"2018*MMP9*Positive/mouse skeletal muscle mass overexpressVerbrugge, Schönfelder et al. ",
"2018*MPP7*Gene expression in human skeletal muscleSu, Ekman et al. ",
"2015*PPARD*Positive/mouse skeletal muscle mass overexpressVerbrugge, Schönfelder et al. ",
"2018*SMAD3*Positive/ mouse skeletal muscle mass KOVerbrugge, Schönfelder et al. ",
"2018*SMAD7*Positive/mouse skeletal muscle mass KOVerbrugge, Schönfelder et al. ",
"2018*SOX6*Positive/mouse skeletal muscle mass KOVerbrugge, Schönfelder et al. ",
"2018*eBMD* estimated bone mineral density, *KO* knock out\n\nIn contrast, the fewer number of GWAS of muscle-related phenotype provide less biological insight about the pathways leading to the development of sarcopenia (Fig. [",
"1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"To date, only five loci (*HSD17B11*, *VCAN*, *ADAMTSL3*, *IRS1*, and *FTO*) have been robustly associated with lean mass (total and/or appendicular) \\[[@CR20]\\], which constitutes a good proxy for skeletal muscle mass \\[[@CR21]\\]. ",
"Three out of the five lean mass-associated SNPs identified by GWAS are significantly enriched in enhancers and promoters acting in muscle cells. ",
"Recently, the same study identified TNRV6B as additional lean mass locus after more stringent adjustment for fat \\[[@CR22]\\]. ",
"However, the exact biological pathways affecting muscle mass still remain unknown. ",
"Two recent grip strength GWAS, a proxy for muscular function, have been more fruitful, yielding 64 muscle strength-related loci \\[[@CR23], [@CR24]\\] identified within the UK Biobank. ",
"The loci found associated with grip strength contain genes implicated in the structure and function of skeletal muscle (*ACTG1*), excitation-contraction coupling (*SLC8A1*), or involvement in the regulation of neurotransmission (*SYT1*), which provides additional evidence of the genetic control exerted on this muscle trait \\[[@CR23]\\]. ",
"These findings highlight that the grip strength phenotype has a neuromuscular component, since it also characterizes the ability of the peripheral nervous system to appropriately recruit muscle cells. ",
"Briefly, Actg1-ms knockout mice display muscle weakness and whole-body functional deficit \\[[@CR25]\\]. *",
"SLC8A1* overexpression in muscle cells induces muscular changes similar to those of muscular dystrophy \\[[@CR26]\\]. ",
"Finally, *SYT1* has been linked to synaptic defects at the neuromuscular junctions in mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy \\[[@CR27]\\]. ",
"Further, three lead SNPs (rs10186876, rs6687430, and rs754512) for grip strength map in the vicinity of genes implicated in monogenic syndromes characterized by neurological and/or psychomotor impairment like French-Canadian variant of Leigh syndrome characterized (*LRPPRC*), Zellweger Spectrum Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorder (*PEX14*), and Koolen-de Vries syndrome (*KANSL1*) \\[[@CR23]\\].",
"\n\nFrom Cross-Phenotype Effects to Pleiotropy: Bone and Muscle {#Sec3}\n===========================================================\n\nBasic Concepts {#Sec4}\n--------------\n\nMultiple genes identified by GWAS of muscle-related traits have also been associated with heel BMD in the UKBB GWAS (Table [2](#Tab2){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"While such cross-phenotype associations may arise due to biological pleiotropy, there are other reasons that can lead to spurious pleiotropy. ",
"Therefore, cross-phenotype associations should not be always regarded as the consequence of true pleiotropy. ",
"Pleiotropy commonly refers to a phenomenon in which a genetic locus (a gene or a single variant within a gene) affects more than one trait or disease \\[[@CR28]\\]. ",
"It can be classified as (1) biological---when a gene has a direct biological effect on more than one trait or biomarker; (2) mediated---where a gene has a biological effect on one trait which lies on the causal path to another trait and thus the gene affects both traits; and (3) spurious---when different forms of biases can lead to false-positive findings \\[[@CR29]\\]. ",
"The most common causes of spurious pleiotropy are ascertainment bias and phenotypic misclassification \\[[@CR29]\\]. ",
"The study of pleiotropy may have tremendous clinical implications in the fields of osteoporosis and sarcopenia by discovering new drug targets acting on both muscle and bone.",
"Table 2Overlapping genes between different bone parameters and different muscle-related traitsMuscle-related traitGeneeBMD *P* valueMuscle-related traits *P* valueReferenceBone mineral density Total body lean mass*MC4R*2.0 × 10^−15^1.0 × 10^−18^Karasik et al. ",
"2019 Total body lean mass*FTO*1.6 × 10^−26^1.4 × 10^−09^Zillikens et al. ",
"2017 Hand grip strength*IRS1*4.7 × 10^−08^1.5 × 10^−11^Zillikens et al. ",
"2017 Hand grip strength*MGMT*2.3 × 10^−22^1.0 × 10^−13^Tikkanen et al. ",
"2018 Hand grip strength*TCF4*9.4 × 10^−10^5.9 × 10^−15^Tikkanen et al. ",
"2018 Hand grip strength*TMEM18*2.0 × 10^−11^5.4 × 10^−22^Tikkanen et al. ",
"2018 Hand grip strength*LINC01104*7.9 × 10^−11^3.1 × 10^−09^Tikkanen et al. ",
"2018 Hand grip strength*MC4R*2.0 × 10^−15^2.1 × 10^−19^Tikkanen et al. ",
"2018 Hand grip strength*PEX14*6.7 × 10^−13^5.6 × 10^−11^Willems et al. ",
"2017 Hand grip strength*SLC8A1*7.4 × 10^−38^7.7 × 10^−09^Willems et al. ",
"2017 Hand grip strength*TGFA*9.3 × 10^−19^4.8 × 10^−13^Willems et al. ",
"2017Bivariate analysis with bone strength index Appendicular lean mass*FADS1*p~b~ = 1.6 × 10^−07^Han et al. ",
"2012Bivariate analysis with appendicular bone size Appendicular lean mass*GLYAT*p~b~ = 1.8 × 10^−06^Guo et al. ",
"2013*p*~*b*~ bivariate *p* value for bone/muscle pair, *eBMD* estimated bone mineral density\n\nShared Biology: Evidence from Multivariate Analysis {#Sec5}\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nWhile GWAS are typically performed for the study of one trait at a time, more recently methodological advances have enabled the simultaneous GWAS assessment of multiple traits. ",
"In humans, joint analysis of multiple, correlated traits, i.e., multivariate GWAS, has been instrumental to the identification of pleiotropic candidate SNPs/loci associated with traits related to both bone and muscle metabolism. ",
"GWAS investigating both bone and muscle phenotypes have produced a list of potential candidate genes for further biological validation such as *PRKCH* and *SCNN1B* \\[[@CR30]\\] in 3844 Europeans; *HK2*, *UMOD*, *MIR873*, and *MIR876* \\[[@CR31]\\] in 1627 unrelated Chinese adults individuals; *HTR1E*, *COL4A2*, *AKAP6*, *SLC2A11*, *RYR3*, and *MEF2C* \\[[@CR32]\\]; and *GLYAT* \\[[@CR33]\\] in 1627 unrelated Chinese adults. ",
"In addition, the GWAS--identified *METTL21C* was found to be a novel pleiotropic gene suggestive of association with both muscle and bone acting through the modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway \\[[@CR34]••\\]. ",
"This gene has been implicated in the etiology of inclusion body myositis (skeletal muscle) and of early-onset Paget's disease (bone) \\[[@CR35]\\]. ",
"Subsequent studies confirmed that *METTL21C* polymorphisms contribute to peak bone mass in Chinese males \\[[@CR36]\\]. ",
"Moreover, frail subjects showed higher expression levels of METTl21C compared to young healthy older adults \\[[@CR37]\\]. *",
"METTL21C* belongs to the METTL21 family of the methyltransferase superfamily and possesses protein-lysine N-methyltransferase activity \\[[@CR38]\\]; its close homolog, *METTL21D* was found to bind to the chaperone valosin-containing protein (VCP, a.k.a. ",
"VCP/p97), known to play a role in a muscle atrophy disease \\[[@CR39]\\]. ",
"More recently, Medina-Gomez et al. ",
"\\[[@CR40]••\\] performed a bivariate GWAS meta-analysis of total body lean mass and total body less head BMD in 10,414 children. ",
"The study identified variants with pleiotropic effects in eight loci, mostly already known for BMD (*WNT4*, *GALNT3*, *MEPE*, *CPED1/WNT16*, *TNFSF11*, *RIN3*, and *PPP6R3/LRP5*), but also the *TOM1L2/SREBF1* locus not previously associated with BMD or lean mass. ",
"The protein was highly expressed in mouse calvaria-derived cells during osteoblastogenesis and showed the highest expression peak at the onset of osteoblast mineralization in human mesenchymal stem cells. ",
"Moreover, SREBP1 indirectly downregulated several key regulators of myogenesis (i.e., MYOD1, MYOG, MEF2C). ",
"Notably, SREBF1 exerted opposite effects on the differentiation of myocytes and osteoblasts, which are in line with the opposite effects observed on BMD and lean mass in the bivariate analysis.",
"\n\nHuman and Animal Bone-Focused Knock-out \"Models\" Comprising Muscle Phenotypes {#Sec6}\n=============================================================================\n\nCongenital disorders affecting bone or muscle are often associated with deficits in the other tissue as well. ",
"For example, reduced muscle capacity and strength have been observed in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) \\[[@CR41], [@CR43]\\], where the primary defect comprises the skeletal system. ",
"About 85% of the OI cases are caused by mutations in the *COL1A1* and *COL1A2* genes. ",
"These mutations affect the production of the α1/α2 chains of type 1 collagen, an important structural component of the bone, skin, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissues \\[[@CR44]\\]. ",
"Animal studies have also observed muscle weakness in OI mice \\[[@CR45]\\], providing additional evidence for the muscle abnormalities in OI. ",
"The exact mechanisms leading to muscle weakness are yet unclear but they can be result of intrinsic muscle factors or direct paracrine effects of the abnormal bone matrix (i.e., increased TGF-β signaling in OI decreases lean mass).",
"\n\nFurther, muscle abnormalities have been also noted in individuals with hypophosphatemic rickets; hereditary phosphate wasting disorders commonly caused by point mutations in *PHEX*, *FGF23*, and *DMP1* genes. ",
"Children carriers of any of these mutations have soft bones (rickets), growth retardation, poor dental development, and elevated serum FGF23 levels \\[[@CR46]\\]. ",
"It has been shown that accumulation of FGF23 is strongly associated with muscle function abnormalities in humans \\[[@CR47], [@CR48]\\]. ",
"Additionally, murine models have shown reduced grip strength and impaired muscle forces in the *Hyp* (model of PHEX deficiency) and *Dmp1* null (DMP1 deficiency) mice \\[[@CR49]\\]. ",
"However, the underlying mechanisms leading to skeletal muscle abnormalities in individuals with hypophosphatemic rickets have not been characterized.",
"\n\nHuman and Animal Knock-out Models of Muscle Comprising Bone Phenotypes {#Sec7}\n======================================================================\n\nDisorders of muscle often present with bone abnormalities. ",
"For example, in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy, the primary defect leading to disease pathogenesis is degeneration of striated muscle. ",
"The mutations in the *DMD* gene encode the dystrophin protein, causing Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. ",
"Yet, impairment of bone health in the form of low BMD and increased incidence of bone fractures are well-recognized clinical components of the DMD phenotype \\[[@CR50]--[@CR52]\\]. ",
"The deleterious effects of DMD on bone can be mediated by several mechanisms. ",
"These include downstream functional effects on bone involving the nuclear factor of κB pathway and cytokine-mediated (IL-6) activation of osteopontin (OPN); disturbances of calcium metabolism; deterioration of biomechanical stimuli with disease progression, side effects of corticosteroid treatment and many comorbidity processes derived from the disease. ",
"Also, other single-gene disorders including those derived from mutations in *MTM1*, *RYR1*, and *DNM2* have been implicated in the alteration of skeletal muscles. ",
"These congenital myopathies are characterized by an alteration in the contractile apparatus of the muscle (myofibers) followed by loss of muscle mass, increased muscle weakness, and decrease in bone mass. ",
"However, due to the complex interplay between muscle and bone, it is not clear if these changes in bone mass are result of the decreased mechanical loading, the muscular paracrine effect, the shared biology, or combination of all of these factors.",
"\n\nAnother example of a potentially pleiotropic gene is the myostatin (*MSTN*, a.k.a. ",
"growth and differentiation factor 8, *GDF8*) gene, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, which is secreted primarily by the skeletal muscle cells \\[[@CR53]\\]. ",
"Point mutations in *MSTN* lead to decreased production of functional myostatin causing muscle hypertrophy in humans and animals \\[[@CR54]\\]. ",
"Recently, the relationship between myostatin and bone has been actively investigated in animal models. *",
"MSTN* depletion leads to increased BMD and strength through many different pathways. ",
"First and foremost, the loss of myostatin is followed by doubling of the skeletal muscle mass, which increases mechanical loading on bone. ",
"However, the increase in lean mass can also have indirect positive effects on the bone by increasing IGF-1 levels \\[[@CR55]\\]. ",
"Such studies have found that inhibition of the myostatin pathway increases proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells and leads to bone mass accrual \\[[@CR56]\\]. ",
"Further, it has been shown that haploinsufficiency of myostatin protects against aging-related declines in muscle function and enhances the longevity of mice \\[[@CR57]\\]. ",
"This suggests that, beyond a known effect of myostatin on bone \\[[@CR58]\\], there is also a systemic effect of this gene.",
"\n\nFurther, myostatin binds to the soluble activin type IIB receptor (ACVR2B) which forms an activin receptor complex with activin type 1 serine/threonine kinase receptors (ACVRs). ",
"Loss of function of activin type I receptor (ACVR1) in osteoblasts increases bone mass and activates canonical Wnt signaling through suppression of the Wnt inhibitors SOST and DKK1 \\[[@CR59]••\\]. ",
"Recently, a study has also shown that myostatin inhibits osteoblastic differentiation by suppressing osteocyte-derived exosomal microRNA-218, suggesting a possible novel mechanism in the bone-muscle crosstalk \\[[@CR60]\\].",
"\n\nMyocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2C) is a member of the MADS-box superfamily of transcriptional regulatory proteins relevant for skeletal muscle development, sarcomeric gene expression, and fiber type control. ",
"MEF2C directly regulates myomesin gene transcription and loss of Mef2c in skeletal muscle results in improper sarcomere organization and disorganized myofibers. ",
"Recent studies have found that a super activating form of MEF2C causes precocious chondrocyte hypertrophy, ossification of growth plates, and dwarfism \\[[@CR61]\\]. *",
"Mef2c*^*+/−*^ presented lack of ossification within the sternum. *",
"Mef2c*^*loxP/KO*^*; Twist2-Cre* mice had shortened limbs from birth \\[[@CR61]\\]. ",
"Moreover, the MEF2 activity is enhanced by the increase in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and decrease in histone deacetylases (HDACs). ",
"HDAC inhibitors have been tested in a muscular dystrophy model in mice which promoted the formation of muscles with increased cross-sectional area \\[[@CR62]\\]. ",
"Interestingly, HDAC5 part of the HDAC family is a known BMD locus \\[[@CR8]\\].",
"\n\nLast but not least, GWAS studies have identified variants in *FAM210A* as strongly associated with fracture risk but less strongly with BMD. ",
"Moreover, SNPs near *FAM210A* were nominally (*p* \\< 0.05) associated with lean mass in adults \\[[@CR1]\\]. ",
"Interestingly, a recent study in mice has shown that *Fam210a* was expressed in muscle mitochondria and cytoplasm but not in bone \\[[@CR1]\\]. ",
"Notably, grip strength and limb lean mass were reduced in both tamoxifen-inducible *Fam210a* homozygous global knockout mice (*TFam210a*^*−/−*^) and skeletal muscle cell-specific knockout mice (*Fam210aMus*^*−/−*^). ",
"Moreover, microarray analysis showed decreased levels of *Myog* and *Chdh15*, transcription factors relevant for myoblast differentiation, and terminal muscle differentiation, respectively. ",
"Also, decreased BMD, bone biomechanical strength and bone formation, and elevated osteoclast activity were observed in *TFam210a*^*−/−*^ mice \\[[@CR1]\\]. ",
"Furthermore, the authors showed that *Mmp12* was increased in muscle cells of *TFam210aMus*^*−/−*^ mice, which can enhance osteoclast function in bone. ",
"Therefore, *Fam210a*, while being expressed in muscle, plays an influential role on bone quality and quantity.",
"\n\nMuscle and Bone: Beyond Biomechanics {#Sec8}\n====================================\n\nMultiple metabolic communications have been identified between bone and muscle in humans and rodents. ",
"There are numerous indications that the muscle \"secretome\" contains *osteoinducer* and *osteoinhibitor* myokines \\[[@CR63]\\]; it also seems likely that bone cells secrete myoinducer and myoinhibitor osteokines \\[[@CR64]\\]. ",
"The skeletal muscle secretome accounts for various molecules that affect bone including insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), interleukins (IL6, IL15), myostatin, osteoglycin, osteoactivin, and others (reviewed by \\[[@CR64]\\]). ",
"Even though studies on the potential effects of bone on muscle metabolism are still sparse, a few osteokines have been identified. ",
"Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and WNT family member 3A (*WNT3A*), which are secreted by osteocytes, are thought to impact skeletal muscle cells. ",
"Interestingly, *WNT3A* and several other WNT factors have been identified in GWAS of BMD. ",
"Also, osteocalcin and IGF-1, which are produced by osteoblasts, and sclerostin, which is secreted by osteocytes and osteoblasts, exert effects on muscle cells. ",
"Further, bones and muscles are controlled by mitochondrial genetics that standard GWAS cannot reliably scrutinize given the sparse number of mitochondrial markers on genotyping arrays and the difficulties to quantifying mitochondrial heteroplasmy. ",
"Previous studies have revealed the critical role of mitochondria in the differentiation of multiple cell types, including cardiomyocytes \\[[@CR65]\\] and myoblasts \\[[@CR66]\\]. ",
"Additionally, osteoporosis and sarcopenia seem to be more prevalent among patients with mitochondrial disorders. ",
"Thus, refined GWAS efforts can help understand the underlying mechanisms of the mitochondria, using intensity-based assessments of mitochondrial copy number. ",
"In addition to the mitochondrial metabolism, the genes controlling overall energy metabolism might also exert an impact on bone and muscle. ",
"Interestingly, skeletal muscle-specific disruption of the circadian rhythms by *Bmal1* deletion has been shown to disrupt skeletal muscle metabolism \\[[@CR67]\\], whereas BMAL1 deficiency results in a low bone mass phenotype \\[[@CR68]\\]. ",
"However, this gene has not yet been identified by any GWAS on BMD.",
"\n\nThe Potential of Genetic Discoveries to Guide Drug Target Identification {#Sec9}\n========================================================================\n\nIncorporating genetic information in the drug discovery process can improve disease-specific drug target identification and validation. ",
"Combining drug mechanisms with genetic mechanistic information increases the success in drug discovery over approaches that do not include genetic information, especially for drug targets related to musculoskeletal (BMD), metabolic, and blood traits \\[[@CR69]\\].",
"\n\nFrom the molecular factors discussed above, two have been followed as potential drug targets. ",
"It has been well established that myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle and bone mass. ",
"Therefore, there is hope that studies into myostatin inhibitors may have therapeutic application in treating muscle-wasting diseases such as muscular dystrophy. ",
"Bialek et al. ",
"\\[[@CR58]\\] have investigated the role of myostatin by administrating myostatin neutralizing antibody (Mstn-mAb) or soluble myostatin decoy receptor (ActRIIB-Fc) in young adult mice. ",
"Interestingly, while both antibodies increased muscle mass, only ActRIIB-Fc also increased bone mass. ",
"Thus, a therapeutic agent that has this dual effect represents a potential approach for the simultaneous treatment of osteoporosis and or sarcopenia. ",
"Another potential target is FGF23. ",
"Currently, clinical trials of neutralizing anti-FGF23 antibody for patients with FGF23-related hypophosphatemic diseases are ongoing. ",
"First of all, FGF23 production is stimulated through signaling acting through the FGF receptor. ",
"It has also been shown that repeated administration of FGF receptor inhibitors causes increased bone growth and mineralization in *Hyp* mice \\[[@CR70]\\]. ",
"Similarly, weekly injection of FGF23 antibodies increased BMD in *Hyp* mouse, while with a higher dose, there was also an increase in grip strength. ",
"To note, in a phase I clinical trial, administration of various amounts of anti-FGF23 antibodies increased tubular maximum transport of phosphate per glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR) in adult patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) \\[[@CR71], [@CR72]\\]. ",
"Nevertheless, it needs to be tested if anti-FGF23 antibody can improve or cure rickets/osteomalacia or their clinical presentations such as bone pain and muscle weakness. ",
"Although the clinical implications of these findings are still far-reaching, both examples illustrate the diverse opportunities for the characterization of drug targets that can prevent muscle and bone abnormalities.",
"\n\nThe approach is not free of limitations, as genetically derived targets may also have undesired secondary effects. ",
"For example, MEF2C has been suggested as novel drug target for therapeutically enhancing muscle performance. ",
"Targeting these genes may have a significant impact on the treatment of muscle. ",
"However, MEF2C also is related with pathological cardiac hypertrophy. ",
"Hence, off-target effects can be considerable. ",
"The key will be to improve muscle performance and prevent cardiotoxicity at the same time when targeting these genes \\[[@CR73]\\]. ",
"Either way, this also illustrates the potential of the genetic evidence underlying drug targets to typify the presence of adverse effects before embarking on expensive experimentation.",
"\n\nSummary and Future Directions {#Sec10}\n=============================\n\nOverall, there are many evolutionary, biological, and clinical factors that couple the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. ",
"Both muscle and bone also act as endocrine organs \\[[@CR74], [@CR74]\\] and share common genetic influences. ",
"Although challenging, there is a growing research enterprise aimed at elucidating and unraveling new mechanisms of muscle-bone crosstalk. ",
"Many questions still remain unanswered and need to be addressed through the integration of in vitro and in vivo models. ",
"For example, what are the exact mechanisms underlying the cross-organ effects? ",
"Do muscle factors, by stimulating bone metabolism, also lead to increased release of myoinducer and myoinhibitor osteokines? ",
"More importantly, the question remains as how the aging process influences muscle and bone metabolism, including the underlying molecular factors. ",
"Further, the role of central mechanisms in co-regulation of the musculoskeletal system needs to be investigated in its entirety rather than its parts. ",
"Finally, the study of pleiotropy may provide novel insights into disease pathophysiology with the potential of leading to the identification of drug targets that simultaneously prevent or treat both diseases.",
"\n\nThis article is part of the Topical Collection on *Muscle and Bone*\n\n**Publisher's Note**\n\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.",
"\n\nD.K. was supported by a Israel Science Foundation grant (No. ",
"1283/14 and 1822/12) and a generous gift from the Samson Family. ",
"K.T and F.R are supported by the Netherlands Scientific Organization (NWO) and ZonMW Project number: NWO/ZONMW-VIDI-0 16-136-367. ",
"D.P.K. was supported by NIH grant R01 AR041398 and R01 AR061445.",
"\n\nConflict of Interest {#FPar1}\n====================\n\nDouglas Kiel reports personal fees from Wolters Kluwer for royalties on publication, personal fees from Springer as a book editor, grants from Policy Analysis Inc. (investigator initiated grant to institution on imminent risk of fracture in the Framingham Study), and grants from Dairy Council (Grant to institution on dairy foods and bone health) outside the submitted work.",
"\n\nDavid Karasik, Katerina Trajanoska, and Fernando Rivadeneira declare no conflict of interest.",
"\n\nHuman and Animal Rights and Informed Consent {#FPar2}\n============================================\n\nThis article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.",
"\n"
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"A tourist in Hawaii fell into the most dangerous volcano in the entire United States, and somehow managed to survive.",
"\n\nWait...what happened?",
"\n\nAccording to the Honolulu Star-Advertiser, park officials believed that the unidentified man in his 30s had wanted to get a better look at the volcano, and had climbed over a metal safety railing to do so. ",
"He fell 60 to 70 feet down the crater, and ended up trapped on a narrow ledge partway down the crater's mouth.",
"\n\nBesides the obvious threat from lava, volcanoes also spew hot air and toxic gases.",
"\n\nPart of what contributed to this man's survival was the timing of his trip to the volcano. ",
"While not currently erupting, Kilauea is considered the most dangerous volcano in the United States. ",
"However, the volcano currently has \"relatively low low rates of seismicity, deformation, and gas emission,\" according to a Hawaiian Volcano Observatory report from Tuesday.",
"\n\nThis is the same volcano that erupted in 2018, destroying 700 homes and spewing enough lava to fill 320,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools, according to the New York Times.",
"\n\nIn a news release, the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park said that rescue personnel \"successfully completed a high-angle extrication using ropes and stokes litter and, with support from a Department of Defense helicopter, the man was airlifted to Hilo Medical Center for urgent care,\"\n\nAccording to the Hawaii Tribune-Herald, a less fortunate person died in this volcano in Oct. 29, 2017.",
"\n\nThis somehow isn't unprecedented\n\nIn 2008, a man fell between 1,500 and 2,000 feet into the crater of Mount St. Helens in Washington state. ",
"However, Mount St. Helens has not erupted since its infamous and deadly incident in 1980.",
"\n\nIn 1985, a geologist was in \"satisfactory condition,\" according to the Los Angeles Times, after falling into thigh deep lava in the Kilauea Volcano. ",
"In this case, he was apparently saved by his heat-resistant suit."
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"HTML to WordPress. ",
"Better UX and Functionality\n\nThe age of HTML has passed and the age of WordPress is upon us. ",
"Almost everyone has embraced this revolutionary change. ",
"According to W3Techs survey, 27.8% of all the websites are used by WordPress and it is showing a steady growth. ",
"In the times of HTML, the traditional designing was typical and complex. ",
"As the years passed,the functionality of WordPress took over websites built with HTML, and it has now become the most growing CMS provider.",
"\n\nSwitching from an HTML website to a WordPress website has many benefits. ",
"WordPress is not just a flawless blogging platform but also a great website provider. ",
"On the other side, HTML websites are static and to be frank full of HTML codes. ",
"So, if you need to customize the design or update any content on it, either you have full knowledge of the HTML coding or you need to hire a developer to make even the smallest change. ",
"But with WordPress, these things changed and now it is much easier to make changes to a website. ",
"Let’s check out some of the main reasons why you should migrate from an HTML website to a WordPress website.",
"\n\nREASON 1: DYNAMIC CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OVER CODE-SPECIFIC DESIGN\n\nWordPress is equipped with a cutting edge CMS that is very compelling in nature. ",
"It is incredibly user-friendly. ",
"Its CMS provides a vast number of options to customize the website in almost every possible way.",
"\n\nBack in the time of HTML, customization was only be done by only those developers who had deep knowledge of HTML custom codes. ",
"Also, there was no scope of extensive designing after the website was created because once the codes were changed, it leads to many other issues which were very difficult to locate.",
"\n\nBut with WordPress, the tangible customization is very easy to conduct plus it has plethora numbers of customization options.",
"\n\nREASON 2: EASY TO WORK WITH\n\nWordPress is incredibly easy to use. ",
"As mentioned above, when you’re using an HTML website, making changes are too difficult as it requires exhaustive coding work, which only a well-qualified developer could do.",
"\n\nHowever, with the introduction of WordPress, customization has become very easy. ",
"With different widgets, you can customize your WordPress website by simply dragging and dropping. ",
"The themes of the WordPress are easy to apply, and very effective as well.",
"\n\nWith custom plugins, managing a website in WordPress has become easier. ",
"All you have to do is just add a plugin and start working. ",
"It’s that simple.",
"\n\nREASON 3: SEO FRIENDLY\n\nWordPress is incredibly SEO friendly. ",
"It comes set for SEO by default and provides lots of options to optimize your website. ",
"With permalink setting, you can make your URLs search engine friendly. ",
"SEO oriented plugins are in vast number which can help you bring organic traffic to your website.",
"\n\nIn an HTML website, you need to give the developer a list of instructions about permalinks, keywords and meta descriptions. ",
"If you want to update the list, you have to hire a developer again to update this data. ",
"And that can be one of the biggest downsides of an HTML website.",
"\n\nREASON 4: HUGE COMMUNITY OF DEVELOPERS\n\nAs WordPress is an open source software. ",
"There are many developers who constantly tries to improve the working of the WordPress through creating large online communities. ",
"These community of developers keep a keen eye on all the latest updates of the WordPress.",
"\n\nAlso, developers contribute actively on plugins and themes to make the system even better. ",
"They even provide help if you ever get stuck on something. ",
"If this situation arises in the case of an HTML website, then there are no options except approaching them directly to ask to fix the problem as a service.",
"\n\nREASON 5: FLEXIBLE TO FIT YOUR STYLE\n\nA custom design for a website can make your online presence more sensible, professional, robust and profitable. ",
"With WordPress on your side, it is quite easy to design the website. ",
"It may look like a herculean task at first, however, with time, this task becomes easier step by step. ",
"And if you stuck on something, WordPress community is always there for you.",
"\n\nThis is not the case in an HTML website. ",
"You have to contact your developer every time you want to make changes which can be very exhaustive on you and your budget.",
"\nSo, the bottom line here is that WordPress is better in every functionality and offers better user experience than those of HTML. ",
"With constant efforts, you can amplify UX by adopting to different layouts or plugins. ",
"This can result in very productive ways.",
"\n\nYour viewers will never leave you and your business can thrive. ",
"If you have an HTML website and you’re thinking to switch to WordPress. ",
"Taking a help from professionals is always recommended as for the first time user you might not want to end up in a blunder.",
"\n\nHey, if you have any questions, then mention those in the comments section, I will be happy to be of any assistance. ",
"Spread the word and share it on social media.",
"\n\nKiara Marsh is an experienced WordPress developer, working at WordSuccor Ltd. She provides HTML to WordPress theme services and has a team of expert developers to assist her in every project. ",
"Whenever she gets time off from her work, she enjoys reading and sharing WordPress design and development tips.",
"\n\nGoogle+ Comments\n\nKiara Marsh is an experienced WordPress developer, working at WordSuccor Ltd. She provides HTML to WordPress theme services and has a team of expert developers to assist her in every project. ",
"Whenever she gets time off from her work, she enjoys reading and sharing Wordpress design and development tips.",
"\n\nPost navigation\n\nFollow Us\n\nHi,\nWelcome to my blog! ",
"Here you can find helpful information about WordPress themes & plugins, their reviews, usage and more. ",
"All of my posts and writings are based solely on my personal expertise and experience.",
"\nFollow me on Google+ & Linkedin"
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"Q:\n\nCan't get pid after executing command\n\nI need to execute node and firefox in that order. ",
"The node process needs to remain in the background until I close firefox manually. ",
"\nI've tried this command:\nnode & nodePID=$! && ",
"firefox && pkill $nodePID\nbut $nodePID seems to return pid of firefox instead of node. ",
"How would I fix this?",
"\nNote that I can't just pkill node since I might have different node processes running at the same time. ",
"\n\nA:\n\nConsider using kill $nodePID instead of pkill ....\nAlso you want NOT to chain the commands with '&&'. ",
"For example, if firefox fail to launch, you still probably want to cleanup the node process. ",
"The assignment (nodePID=...) will never fail.",
"\nnode &\nnodePID=$!",
"\nfirefox\nkill $nodePID\n\n"
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"UK’s ‘greenest’ medical building gets under way\n\nConstruction has begun on the first phase of the £300m Mittal Children’s Medical Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust , which is on target to become the UK’s ‘greenest’ medical building to date.",
"\n\nThe 323,000 sq ft scheme, designed by UK-based architect Llewelyn Davies Yeang, is estimated to offset more than 20,000 tonnes of CO² annually - the equivalent to the typical yearly carbon footprint of around 2,000 people living in the UK.",
"\n\nThese figures are based on the scheme’s NEAT assessment, the health sector equivalent of BREEAM accreditation, in which the scheme has achieved an overall ‘Excellent’ Rating.",
"\n\nThis is a major step forward to achieving the hospital’s targets of a 120% carbon reduction and a more than 60% renewable energy contribution by 2016, when Phase two of the project is due to complete.",
"\n\nIt is one of the few hospital projects to being onsite this year and will bolster the facilities of one of the world’s leading tertiary children’s hospitals."
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"Q:\n\nWhy I can't get a result from mysql query?",
"\n\nI have a seemly silly question but serious headache to ask you. ",
"I'm not quite a new sql but not too new. ",
"I coded many sqls but never found a problem like this before. ",
"The query can result in phpmysql but I can't get any row from PHP. ",
"Here's my code :\nSELECT reb_dis, reb_title, reb_detail \nFROM rate_eb WHERE reb_abook <= '77' \nAND ABS(DATEDIFF('2013-09-09','2013-09-05'))>=reb_mn\nAND '2013-09-05' BETWEEN reb_date1 AND reb_date2 \nAND '2013-09-09' BETWEEN reb_date1 \nAND reb_date2\n\nSo this is how I wrote my PHP:\n$sql_eb=\"SELECT reb_dis, reb_title, reb_detail \nFROM rate_eb WHERE reb_abook <= '77' \nAND ABS(DATEDIFF('2013-09-09','2013-09-05'))>=reb_mn \nAND '2013-09-05' BETWEEN reb_date1 AND reb_date2 \nAND '2013-09-09' BETWEEN reb_date1 AND reb_date2\";\n$result_eb=mysql_query($sql_eb);\n$rec_eb=mysql_fetch_array($result_eb);\n\nBut I can't get any of the value from DB. ",
"No matter I tried:\n<?",
"\necho $rec_eb[reb_dis];\necho $rec_eb[reb_title];\necho $rec_eb[reb_detail];\n?",
">\n\nNone of the above data shows. ",
"While I can get the data from other simpler query. ",
"So may I beg you guys explanations why this lines of query doesn't show anything??? ",
"And also how to get its data.",
"\nRegards,\n\nA:\n\nYou have to iterate the result using while loop and put index inside '\nwhile($rec_eb=mysql_fetch_array($result_eb)) {\n echo $rec_eb['reb_dis'];\n echo $rec_eb['reb_title'];\n echo $rec_eb['reb_detail'];\n}\n\nAlso change <? ",
"to <?",
"php.",
"\n\n"
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"UNITED NATIONS, United States — The UN expressed \"serious concern\" yesterday over Iran's continuing human rights violations, affirming that increased engagement with the international community on some fronts does not mean that Iran is no longer expected to uphold international standards for its people.",
"\n\n\"In September, President Hassan Rouhani told the UN a 'new chapter' had been opened this year for his country, but the passage of this resolution today shows that the international community still expects action on human rights, not mere words,\" said Bani Dugal, the principal representative of the Baha'i International Community to the United Nations, following the UN vote.",
"\n\nMs. Dugal noted that at least (20) Baha'is in Tehran and elsewhere were arrested last weekend, and at least (28) Baha'i-owned shops were sealed in a continuation of the government's campaign of economic repression against Baha'is. (",
"See Editor's note below.)",
"\n\n\"The sad fact is that human rights violations in Iran have continued unabated since President Rouhani came to power two years ago, as is shown by Iran's ongoing arrests and shop closures—and by the depth and strength of this resolution,\" said Ms. Dugal.",
"\n\n\"The resolution cites a wide range of abuses, such as the lack of due process, widespread discrimination against women and the persecution of minorities, including members of the Baha'i Faith,\" said Ms. Dugal.",
"\n\nThe resolution was passed by the Third Committee of the General Assembly, which monitors human rights issues worldwide. ",
"The vote was 76 to 35 with 68 abstentions.",
"\n\nAmong other things, the resolution expresses \"serious concern\" about \"ongoing severe limitations and restrictions on the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief\".",
"\n\nIt also urges the government to release the seven imprisoned Baha'i leaders, and \"to eliminate, in law and in practice, all forms of discrimination, including the closure of businesses, and other human rights violations against persons belonging to recognized and unrecognized religious minorities\".",
"\n\n\"The resolution is quite specific in detailing all of the human rights violations that are currently ongoing in Iran, and it also lays out clearly how Iran could live up to its obligations under international law,\" said Ms. Dugal.",
"\n\n\"For example, it calls on Iran to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur on human rights in Iran by accepting, for example, his repeated request to visit the country, and it asks Iran to follow through on recommendations made at the Universal Periodic Review last year,\" said Ms. Dugal.",
"\n\nThe resolution was put forward by Canada and co-sponsored by 42 other countries. ",
"It follows reports on human rights in Iran by Ahmed Shaheed, the Special Rapporteur on human rights in Iran and UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, who both expressed concern over Iran's continued violations of international human rights law.",
"\n\nFor more information, go to https://www.bic.org\n\n(Editor's note: On 24 November 2015, two corrections were made in paragraph three to more accurately reflect the number of arrests and shop closures that occurred on the weekend of 13 to 15 November.)"
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"Archive of Recorded Sound\n\nFeatured item\n\nDenis Condon (1933-2012) trained at the Sydney Conservatory and became a music teacher and educator. ",
"He developed an interest in the reproducing player piano when his father purchased an Ampico piano when Denis was fifteen. ",
"Over the next sixty years he amassed a collection of over 7500 piano rolls and ten instruments, which has recently come to Stanford.",
"\n\nArchive news\n\nThe Archive of Recorded Sound (ARS) has recently begun cataloging Irish folk music recordings donated by the family of Thomas Quilter. ",
"The collection features items representing a significant span of Irish and Irish-American music from the 1910s to the 1980s and a progression in performance practices leading up to and including the revival of Irish traditional folk music.",
"\n\nIn November 2014, I posted a blog detailing a very small roll (4.5\" wide) that staff at the Archive of Recorded Sound had uncovered among the reproducing piano rolls in the Denis Condon Collection of Reproducing Pianos and Rolls. ",
"It was discovered that the roll was designed to be used with a toy, a type of player saxophone called the Playasax, produced by Q.R.S. I am very pleased to announce that the Archive, just yesterday, acquired an actual Playasax along with four additional rolls, thanks to a generous donation by Kristine Sturgill. ",
"This donation will make up the Otto M. Slater Playasax Collection, named in honor of Mrs Sturgill's father, who passed away earlier this year."
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"Using a women's health perspective to guide decisions made in quantitative research.",
"\nWomen's health, as an emerging area of nursing scholarship, is based on a set of philosophical assumptions. ",
"These assumptions are: (i) women's health can best be understood by examining women's lived experiences within a specific context; (ii) gender bias must be avoided; (iii) the focus should be on health rather than illness; and (iv) non-exploitative relationships should be established between the researcher and research participants. ",
"Assumptions from a women's health perspective can be used by researchers to guide decisions made in conducting research with women. ",
"In order to strengthen the correspondent validity (i.e., the fit between theory and methods), research decisions need to be consistent with the philosophical assumptions of the inquiry. ",
"Examples of quantitative research decisions influenced by a women's health perspective are illustrated using a study of binge eating in women."
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"Q:\n\nError creating bean with name 'application', No default constructor found; nested exception is java.lang.",
"NoSuchMethodException\n\nI don't quite understand why this code gives me 'no default constructor found' error. ",
"The constructor is @Autowired. ",
"Everything seems to be injected correctly. ",
"Can anybody please help? ",
"Thanks\n@SpringBootApplication\npublic class Application {\n\n private ApplicationContext applicationContext;\n private MessagingService messagingService;\n private Parser parser;\n\n private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);\n\n @Autowired\n public Application(ApplicationContext applicationContext,\n MessagingService messagingService,\n Parser parser)\n {\n this.applicationContext = applicationContext;\n Assert.notNull(messagingService, \"MessagingService must not be null\");\n this.messagingService = messagingService;\n Assert.notNull(parser, \"Parser must not be null\");\n this.parser = parser;\n }\n\n public static void main (String[] args) {\n SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);\n }\n\n @Bean\n public CommandLineRunner app() {\n return args -> {\n Locale defaultLocale = Locale.getDefault();\n Locale.setDefault(defaultLocale);\n log.info(\"Using MessagingService: \" + messagingService.getMyMessageCode());\n\n parser.parse();\n };\n }\n}\n\nEdit: updated Application.class\n@SpringBootApplication\npublic class Application {\n\n @Autowired\n private MessagingService messagingService;\n @Autowired\n private Parser parser;\n\n private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);\n\n public Application() {}\n\n public static void main (String[] args) {\n SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);\n }\n\n @Bean\n public CommandLineRunner app() {\n return args -> {\n Locale defaultLocale = Locale.getDefault();\n Locale.setDefault(defaultLocale);\n log.info(\"Using MessagingService: \" + messagingService.getMyMessageCode());\n\n parser.parse();\n };\n }\n}\n\nA:\n\nAnswer from luboskrnac is correct. ",
"\nBut if you really want to use Constructor Injection you can upgrade you SpringBoot version to 1.4.0.RELEASE which will use Spring 4.3.2.RELEASE\nFrom Spring 4.3 Constructor Injection is supported on @Configuration class\nNew Features and Enhancements in Spring Framework 4.3\n\nA:\n\nYou can't autowire into main Spring Boot class. ",
"You can inject dependencies needed for CommandLineRunner as parameters of method annotated with @Bean and of course remove constructor injection for main class:\n@SpringBootApplication\npublic class Application {\n private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);\n\n public static void main (String[] args) {\n SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);\n }\n\n @Bean\n public CommandLineRunner app(ApplicationContext applicationContext,\n MessagingService messagingService,\n Parser parser) {\n return args -> {\n Locale defaultLocale = Locale.getDefault();\n Locale.setDefault(defaultLocale);\n log.info(\"Using MessagingService: \" + messagingService.getMyMessageCode());\n\n parser.parse();\n };\n }\n}\n\nEDIT:\nCorrect context configuration after edit:\n@SpringBootApplication\npublic class Application {\n\n private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);\n\n public Application() {}\n\n public static void main (String[] args) {\n SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);\n }\n\n @Bean\n public CommandLineRunner app(MessagingService messagingService, Parser parser) {\n return args -> {\n Locale defaultLocale = Locale.getDefault();\n Locale.setDefault(defaultLocale);\n log.info(\"Using MessagingService: \" + messagingService.getMyMessageCode());\n\n parser.parse();\n };\n }\n}\n\n"
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"Really Stupid UI Tricks\n\nOne of the medical applications I’ve had to use a lot has some really obnoxious user interface tricks. ",
"One of the worst is the following. ",
"There’s a window where you can set filtering requirements for what elements you want to see in the journal notes. ",
"It consists of a number of group boxes, each with a number of items, each with a checkbox to enable or disable it. ",
"One screen can easily hold more than 50 such line items. ",
"All are enabled by default. ",
"There’s no button “clear all” at any level, so I always patiently unchecked the whole enchilada, one by one, before selecting the one or two items I actually wanted to enable. ",
"Needless to say, I wasn’t an enthousiastic or frequent user of said form. ",
"By pure coincidence, I found out that there is a “clear all” / “select all” function. ",
"You simply click the group box label (the “Sökord” word on top). ",
"Think about this for a minute… how the f*** was the user supposed to guess that??! ",
"This reminds me of Wolfenstein 3D, were there was no other way to find the secret compartments than to run around clicking every part of every wall in every room.",
"\nMoral of the story: don’t invent your own UI elements."
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"Daunomycin inverts the long-range chirality of DNA condensed states.",
"\nThe effect of daunomycin upon DNA condensed states induced by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was studied by circular dichroism (CD) and circular intensity differential scattering (CIDS). ",
"The CD spectra of these aggregates showed psi-type anomalies and intensities 10-100 times greater than those obtained with the dispersed DNA solutions in the absence of PEG. ",
"Increasing concentrations of daunomycin, added to the DNA solution prior to its aggregation, led, in the presence of PEG, to CD and CIDS signals which gradually decreased in magnitude and eventually inverted sign. ",
"The coincidence of the transition point of both signals and a careful characterization of the CD spectrum at the transition point clearly indicated that the inversion observed corresponds to an inversion of the handedness of the aggregates. ",
"The latter result suggests that the structure of the aggregates at the inversion point should resemble that of a nematic liquid-crystalline structure. ",
"The characteristic B-DNA spectrum obtained in this case further suggests that the packing process does not affect the secondary structure of the DNA molecules and that small changes in their local structure can induce dramatic changes in their long-range tertiary packing. ",
"The results obtained in this study represent a confirmation of a recent theory of psi-type CD in which the anomalous signals are interpreted as a manifestation of the long-range chirality of the aggregates."
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"Michael Zander\n\nMichael Zander, QC, FBA, (born 16 November 1932 in Berlin) is a British legal scholar. ",
"He is Professor Emeritus of Law at the London School of Economics and Political Science, and the author of several books known to generations of lawyers and law students alike. ",
"Professor Zander was a member of the Royal Commission on Criminal Justice (1991–1993). ",
"He is currently a member of the Home Office's PACE Strategy Board.",
"\n\nAfter attending the Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe from 1946 to 1951, he won an Open Exhibition in English at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he took a Double First Honours Degree in Law, then obtained a First Class in the LLB and was awarded the Whewell Scholarship in International Law. ",
"Zander then took an LLM at Harvard University. ",
"For a time, he worked with the law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell on Wall Street. ",
"After his return to the United Kingdom he qualified with Ashurst Morris Crisp and then briefly practised as a solicitor. ",
"During his clerkship he was legal adviser to Tony Benn in his battle to remain in the House of Commons. ",
"Zander joined the LSE Law Department in 1963 where he was appointed to a Chair in 1977; he was Convenor of the Law Department from 1984 to 1988 and again in 1997–98. ",
"He was appointed an Honorary Queen's Counsel in 1997 and was elected a Senior Fellow of the British Academy in 2005. ",
"Professor Zander retired from the LSE in 1998.",
"\n\nFor twenty-five years, from 1963 to 1988, he was Legal Correspondent of The Guardian newspaper, for which he wrote some 1,400 articles. ",
"He has frequently broadcast on radio and television, commenting on legal issues. ",
"\n\nIn 2010, Zander was awarded the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws by King's College, London. ",
"The citation stated: \"He has devoted a long and active career to the study, teaching, practice and improvement of the law, and has made outstanding contributions in both the academic and public spheres. ",
"There is no greater authority in the fields to which he has devoted himself: criminal procedure, civil procedure, legal system, legal profession and legal services. ... ",
"The central mission of his professional life has been to make the justice system work better.\"",
"\n\nIn 2015, he received the Halsbury Lifetime Contribution Award. (",
"These awards were established in 2013. ",
"In that year it went to Sir Sydney Kentridge KCMG, QC. ",
"In 2014 it went to Lord Judge, Lord Chief Justice 2008–13.) ",
"\n\nHe is the son of lawyer and scholar Walter Zander and Gretl Magnus. ",
"In 1937, when he was four years old, the family emigrated from Germany to England because of their Jewish background. ",
"His brother is the conductor Benjamin Zander.",
"\n\nSelected publications\nLawyers and the Public Interest (1968)\nLegal Services for the Community (1978)\nA Matter of Justice (1989)\nThe Crown Court Study (1993)\nA Bill of Rights? (",
"4th ed.1997)\nThe State of Justice (2000)\nThe Law-Making Process (7th ed., ",
"2015)\nThe Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (7th ed.2015)\nCases and Materials on the English Legal System (10th ed., ",
"2007)\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:English lawyers\nCategory:Academics of the London School of Economics\nCategory:Queen's Counsel 1901–2000\nCategory:Queen's Counsel 2001–\nCategory:Honorary Queen's Counsel\nCategory:Fellows of the British Academy\nCategory:People educated at the Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe\nCategory:Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge\nCategory:English people of German-Jewish descent\nCategory:German emigrants to England\nCategory:People from Berlin\nCategory:1932 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Harvard Law School alumni\nCategory:Honorary Fellows of the London School of Economics \nCategory:20th-century English lawyers \nCategory:21st-century English lawyers\nCategory:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom\nCategory:Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom\nCategory:Sullivan & Cromwell people"
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"Getty Images\n\nThe night before the Dallas Cowboys scratched and clawed their way to a win over the Carolina Panthers, the team got an unlikely visit from a long-time nemesis.",
"\n\nVia the Associated Press, former two-time Redskins coach Joe Gibbs, who won three Super Bowls in D.C. during the Cowboys’ 16-year title drought from 1976 through 1992, talked to the team at the request of coach Jason Garrett.",
"\n\n“He was saying to us that when they called him and asked him to speak he was like, ‘Are you crazy?.'” ",
"Cowboys linebacker Dan Connor said.",
"\n\n“He was talking about different situations he’s been in and how he fought through them,” Connor said. “",
"He said when you’re in a situation, you think it’s the worst thing ever, but you have to have faith in God and push through it. ",
"That was the message. ",
"He was unbelievable.”",
"\n\nOwner Jerry Jones addressed the situation in a way that threw a passive-aggressive jab at Garrett.",
"\n\n“He came into chapel and talked about some of his low times,” Jones said. “",
"He spoke about some of the coaching errors. ",
"He wasn’t directing it to the team at all, relative to our criticism this week of our sideline coaching decisions, but he talked a little about a couple that bit him.”",
"\n\nThough it may not have been enough to nudge the Cowboys to end a 17-year title drought, but Gibbs’ suggestions surely didn’t hurt against a team that was left so perplexed after the game that its quarterback mused about leaving a suggestion box in the media room."
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"Q:\n\nSocial Media Widget only appers on pages and posts not my gallery?",
"\n\nI'm using Social Media Widget together with the theme touchfolio.",
"\nI would like it to appear bottom left on all my page, post and galleries but don't know how to fix this.",
"\nAs it is now it don't appear on my gallery.",
"\nIf you click on \"About\" or \"Feed\" you can see the icons on the bottom left.",
"\nCan someone please help me with this problem? ",
"Thanks\nhttp://new.karimphoto.com/\nhttp://wordpress.org/plugins/social-media-widget/\nTheme: http://dimsemenov.com/themes/touchfolio/\n\nA:\n\nAs far as I can see there is no widget area on the front/gallery page. ",
"\nIf you look in page.php in the theme it ends with:\n<?",
"php get_sidebar(); ?",
">\n<?",
"php get_footer(); ?",
">\n\nAnd the gallery template(ds-gallery-template.php) only ends with:\n<?",
"php get_footer(); ?",
">\n\nSo if you add <?",
"php get_sidebar(); ?",
"> just before <?",
"php get_footer(); ?",
"> you will be okay. ",
"Lycka till!",
"\n\n"
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"Concept inbox makes the design review cycle smooth.",
"\n\nConcept inbox is the best collaboration platform for creative teams and their external stakeholders. ",
"Whether you are a designer, a product manager, a marketer or an architect Concept inbox makes collaboration with your team and clients easier than ever and streamlines the creative process.",
"\n\nAnnotations for all types of artworks.",
"\n\nConcept inbox supports real-time annotations and comments on videos, design image files and PDFs. ",
"There is no limit on the number of files you can upload nor file-size limits.",
"\n\nAwesome looking prototypes in minutes.",
"\n\nCreate high fidelity prototypes of web, mobile and tablet apps without technical skills required. ",
"Design the greatest user experience and stop trying to explain how it works, show it instead."
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"Defective fin regeneration in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) with hypothyroidism.",
"\nWild-type medaka are known to have remarkable capabilities of fin, or epimorphic, regeneration. ",
"However, a hypothyroid mutant, kamaitachi (kmi), frequently suffers from injury in fins, suggesting an important role of thyroid hormone in fin regeneration. ",
"This led us to examine the relationship between thyroid hormone and fin regeneration using medaka as a model. ",
"For this, we first set up a medaka experimental system in which the rate of regeneration was statistically analyzed after caudal fin amputation under normal and hypothyroid conditions. ",
"As expected, the regeneration of amputated caudal fins was delayed in hypothyroid kmi -/- mutants. ",
"We then examined wild-type medaka with thiourea-induced hypothyroidism to evaluate the requirement of thyroid hormone during epimorphic fin regeneration. ",
"The results demonstrate that the growth rate of regenerates was much reduced in severely hypothyroid medaka throughout the regeneration period. ",
"This reduction in regenerative rate was recovered by exogenous administration of L-thyroxine. ",
"The present study is thus the first to report the direct involvement of thyroid hormone in teleost fin regeneration, and provides a basic framework for future molecular and genetic analyses."
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"Kurzweil joins Google as director of engineering\n\nMOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif.,--Futurist and Singularity evangelist has announced he will be joining Google Inc. as a Director of Engineering starting today, Monday, December 17th.",
"\n\nKurzweil said that at Google he will be focusing on both machine learning and the company's language processing efforts.",
"\n\n“I’ve been interested in technology, and machine learning in particular, for a long time: when I was 14, I designed software that wrote original music, and later went on to invent the first print-to-speech reading machine for the blind, among other inventions. ",
"I’ve always worked to create practical systems that will make a difference in people’s lives, which is what excites me as an inventor,” he wrote on his website.",
"\n\nKurzweil also expressed his excitement at now being able to tackle some of the world’s most difficult computer science problems “so we can turn the next decade's ‘unrealistic' visions into reality.\"",
"\n\nIndeed, it was Kurzweil’s innovative work on voice recognition and optical character recognition that has laid much of the groundwork for new features just beginning to make their way into the mainstream with applications like Apple’s Siri.",
"\n\n“In 1999, I said that in about a decade we would see technologies such as self-driving cars and mobile phones that could answer your questions, and people criticized these predictions as unrealistic,\" said Kurzweil, noting that Google had already showcased self-driving cars and allowed for voice search on Android phones.",
"\n\nGoogle has been investing heavily in machine learning and language processing over the past few years, which the company uses for data mining and information parsing to boost its ad based revenues.",
"\n\nThe firm has also had a long standing relationship with Kurzweil, with Google being a major donor to the futurist’s Singularity University in California.",
"\n\nWhether Kurzweil will get a chance to develop any consumer facing futuristic products is still unclear, though it’s thought the new executive will be spending some time in Google’s secret X Lab."
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"\n\nThe History of Power Rangers returns with an alternate dimension where they’re fighting an evil machine empire! …",
"It’s so different from the normal universe! ",
"It has all the silliness of Power Rangers – government stripping of personal freedom, corruption and collusion with organized crime, and nightmarish visions implanted by robots."
] | {
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"/*\r\nBullet Continuous Collision Detection and Physics Library\r\nCopyright (c) 2003-2006 Erwin Coumans http://continuousphysics.com/Bullet/\r\n\r\nThis software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty.",
"\r\nIn no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software.",
"\r\nPermission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, \r\nincluding commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, \r\nsubject to the following restrictions:\r\n\r\n1. ",
"The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original software. ",
"If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required.",
"\r\n2. ",
"Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software.",
"\r\n3. ",
"This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.",
"\r\n*/\r\n\r\n\r\n#ifndef BT_CONVEX_CAST_H\r\n#define BT_CONVEX_CAST_H\r\n\r\n#include \"LinearMath/btTransform.h\"\r\n#include \"LinearMath/btVector3.h\"\r\n#include \"LinearMath/btScalar.h\"\r\nclass btMinkowskiSumShape;\r\n#include \"LinearMath/btIDebugDraw.h\"\r\n\r\n/// btConvexCast is an interface for Casting\r\nclass btConvexCast\r\n{\r\npublic:\r\n\r\n\r\n\tvirtual ~btConvexCast();\r\n\r\n\t///RayResult stores the closest result\r\n\t/// alternatively, add a callback method to decide about closest/all results\r\n\tstruct\tCastResult\r\n\t{\r\n\t\t//virtual bool\taddRayResult(const btVector3& normal,btScalar\tfraction) = 0;\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\tvirtual void\tDebugDraw(btScalar\tfraction) {(void)fraction;}\r\n\t\tvirtual void\tdrawCoordSystem(const btTransform& trans) {(void)trans;}\r\n\t\tvirtual void\treportFailure(int errNo, int numIterations) {(void)errNo;(void)numIterations;}\r\n\t\tCastResult()\r\n\t\t\t:m_fraction(btScalar(BT_LARGE_FLOAT)),\r\n\t\t\tm_debugDrawer(0),\r\n\t\t\tm_allowedPenetration(btScalar(0))\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\t}\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\tvirtual ~CastResult() {};\r\n\r\n\t\tbtTransform\tm_hitTransformA;\r\n\t\tbtTransform\tm_hitTransformB;\r\n\t\tbtVector3\tm_normal;\r\n\t\tbtVector3 m_hitPoint;\r\n\t\tbtScalar\tm_fraction; //input and output\r\n\t\tbtIDebugDraw* m_debugDrawer;\r\n\t\tbtScalar\tm_allowedPenetration;\r\n\r\n\t};\r\n\r\n\r\n\t/// cast a convex against another convex object\r\n\tvirtual bool\tcalcTimeOfImpact(\r\n\t\t\t\t\tconst btTransform& fromA,\r\n\t\t\t\t\tconst btTransform& toA,\r\n\t\t\t\t\tconst btTransform& fromB,\r\n\t\t\t\t\tconst btTransform& toB,\r\n\t\t\t\t\tCastResult& result) = 0;\r\n};\r\n\r\n#endif //BT_CONVEX_CAST_H\r\n"
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"Q:\n\nHow to use (unsafe) aliasing?",
"\n\nRust has strict aliasing rules. ",
"But can I work around them if \"I know what I'm doing\"?",
"\nI'm trying to convert to Rust a C function that performs a complicated operation by reading from input buffer and writing to a destination buffer, but it has a clever optimization that allows the input and output buffer to be the same:\nfoo(src, dst); // result is written to dst\nfoo(buf, buf); // legal in C, does the operation in-place\n\nFor the sake of the question let's say it's something like:\nvoid inplace(char *src, char *dst, int len) {\n for(int i=0; i < len-1; i++) {\n dst[i] = src[i+1] * 2; // algorithm works even if src == dst\n }\n}\n\nIn safe subset of Rust I'd have to have two nearly copy & pasted versions of the function fn(&mut) and fn(&, &mut). ",
"\nIs there a way to cheat Rust to get both mutable and immutable reference to the same buffer?",
"\n\nA:\n\nNo, you cannot do so in safe Rust. ",
"You can use unsafe code to work around aliasing limitations if you wish to but...\n\nbut it has a clever optimization that allows the input and output buffer to be the same\n\nwhat you call an optimization, I call a pessimization.",
"\nWhen the two buffers are guaranteed not to be the same, the optimizer can vectorize your code. ",
"It means 4x or 8x less comparisons for the loop, greatly speeding up the execution for larger inputs.",
"\nIn the absence of aliasing information, however, it must pessimistically assume that the inputs could be aliased and therefore cannot do such optimization. ",
"Worse, not knowing how they are aliased, it does not even know whether &dst[i] == &src[i-1] or &dst[i] == &src[i] or &dst[i] == &src[i+1]; it means pre-fetching is out etc...\n\nIn safe Rust, however, this information is available. ",
"It does force you to write two routines (one for a single input, one for two inputs) but both can be optimized accordingly.",
"\n\nA:\n\nRust does not allow you to parameterize over mutabilty, no.",
"\nIn theory, you could write some unsafe code that aliases pointers, but you'd have to use raw pointers directly.",
"\n&mut implies that the pointer is not aliased, and the optimizer will treat it as such. ",
"Using one raw pointer and one &mut pointer can still cause problems.",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou can use a macro to achieve this in safe code. ",
"It'll work for all arguments that have a len function and support indexing. ",
"This is basically duck-typing.",
"\nmacro_rules! ",
"inplace(\n ($a:ident, $b:ident) => (for i in 0..($a.len()-1) {\n $a[i] = $b[i + 1] * 2;\n })\n);\n\nfn main() {\n let mut arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];\n inplace!(arr, arr);\n println!(\"{:?}\", ",
"arr);\n}\n\noutputs\n\n[4, 6, 8, 10, 5]\n\n"
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"import React from 'react';\nimport {shallow} from 'enzyme/build/index';\nimport {ButtonForward} from '../button-forward';\n\ndescribe('ButtonForward component test suite', () => {\n test('Snapshot render, outboxEmpty, should render button', () => {\n // Given\n const props = {t: jest.fn(arg => arg), outboxEmpty: true, forwardMessage: jest.fn()};\n // When\n const button = shallow(<ButtonForward {...props}/>);\n // Then\n expect(button).toMatchSnapshot();\n });\n test('Snapshot render, not outboxEmpty, should NOT render button', () => {\n // Given\n const props = {t: jest.fn(arg => arg), collapsed: false, forwardMessage: jest.fn()};\n // When\n const button = shallow(<ButtonForward {...props}/>);\n // Then\n expect(button).toMatchSnapshot();\n });\n});\n"
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[
"Q:\n\nHow to move a given number of random files on Unix/Linux OS\n\nI'm facing this simple task but, I'm also wondering about what's the easiest and short way to do it.",
"\nMy proposal is move a given numer of random files from a directory to another. ",
"This task is part of the creation of two datasets I need for machine learning: a training set and a testing set. ",
"My goal is move away 10% of the file from a directory in order to get the datasat agaist which I could test my categorizer, and obtain a training set from the source directory.",
"\nSo, what's the most compact typing for this \"move n random files\" task?",
"\nThanks in advance - as usual -\n\nA:\n\nUse a combination of shuf and xargs (it's a good idea to look at their documentation with man):\nshuf -n 10 -e * | xargs -i mv {} path-to-new-folder\n\nThe command above selects 10 random files of the current folder (the * part) and then move them to the new folder.",
"\nUpdate\nAlthough longer, one might find this version even simpler to understand:\nls | shuf -n 10 | xargs -i mv {} path-to-new-folder\n\nshuf just generates a random permutation of the standard input, limiting the results to 10 (like using head, but probably faster).",
"\n\n"
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"The present invention relates to the use of physiologically acceptable enzyme mixtures with lipolytic, proteolytic and amylolytic activity, but especially of mixtures of digestive enzymes such as pancreatin, for the treatment of diabetes and for the manufacture of medicinal products suitable for this treatment. ",
"The invention relates especially to the use of these enzyme mixtures with lipolytic, proteolytic and amylolytic activity, but especially of pancreatin or mixtures of digestive enzymes containing pancreatin, for the adjuvant therapy of both type I and type II primary diabetes.",
"\nAs used herein the term “diabetes” is understood to mean diabetes mellitus, the so-called “sugar sickness”. ",
"In addition to other, e. g. secondary forms of diabetes that can occur as sequelae of other primary diseases, two main groups of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism are distinguished, i. e. type I diabetes due to insulin deficiency and type II diabetes due to reduced insulin effectiveness, the course of the disease depending on the type concerned, among other factors. ",
"Diabetes is furthermore a chronic disease with a variety of pathological manifestations and is accompanied, for example, by disorders of lipid metabolism, circulation and glucose metabolism. ",
"The typical symptoms of this disease include elevated blood sugar (hyperglycemia), excretion of sugar in the urine (glycosuria), tendency to infections and pruritus. ",
"Diabetes tends to be a progressive disorder and in many cases is also accompanied by various complications. ",
"Known complications include, for example, neurologic and vascular diseases. ",
"It is therefore necessary to adjust the therapy to meet each patient's individual requirements in every phase of the illness and to select the suitable medicinal product for each individual case. ",
"It may also be desirable for this therapy to supplement the selected primary medications with other medicinal products in the form of an adjuvant treatment which can exert a supporting effect on the therapy and beneficially influence the further course of the illness."
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"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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"Immunocytochemical characteristics of human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1: possible implication in apoptotic resistance against irradiation.",
"\nIn our previous study, we examined reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in T lymphocytes following 5 Gy irradiation. ",
"We found that ROS formation occurred immediately after irradiation, continued for several hours, and resulted in oxidative DNA damage. ",
"Therefore, the origin of the hyper-radiosensitivity of T lymphocytes seemed to be the high production of ROS in the mitochondrial DNA following irradiation. ",
"In the succeeding study, we examined radiation-induced ROS formation, oxidative DNA damage, early apoptotic changes, and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction in the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1. ",
"We found that ROS formation and oxidative DNA damage were actually scarcely seen after irradiation of up to 30 Gy in these cells, that mitochondrial membrane potential was preserved, and that apoptotic changes were not demonstrated despite the relatively high-dose irradiation of 30 Gy. ",
"In the present study, we examined the immunocytochemical characteristics of the apoptotic-resistance of the HS-Os-1 cell line against irradiation in order to clarify its possible implications regarding radiosensitivity. ",
"The results showed that these cells lack P53 and Bax protein expression, and strong peroxidase activity was confirmed in the nuclei of the cells. ",
"Moreover, SODII (manganese superoxide dismutase II) protein expression was gradually increased in spite of irradiation of up to 30 Gy. ",
"Therefore, it is concluded that HS-Os-1 cells are originally apoptotic-resistant and that the cells possess a strong ability to scavenge for free radicals. ",
"To convert these cells to a state of apoptotic-susceptibility, a powerful oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide might exert such an effect in terms of the production of hydroxyl radicals in lysosomes in the cells as shown in our previous studies. ",
"The origin of the radioresistance of the human osteosarcoma cell line HS-Os-1 is considered to to be low degree of ROS formation following irradiation, reflecting the strong scavenging ability of these cells for free radicals including hydroxyl radicals."
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"========= START OF TOP NAVBAR ======= -->\n<div class=\"topNav\"><a name=\"navbar_top\">\n<!-- ",
" -->\n</a><a href=\"#skip-navbar_top\" title=\"Skip navigation links\"></a><a name=\"navbar_top_firstrow\">\n<!-- ",
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" -->\n</a></div>\n<!-- ",
"========= END OF TOP NAVBAR ========= -->\n<!-- ",
"======== START OF CLASS DATA ======== -->\n<div class=\"header\">\n<div class=\"subTitle\">org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed</div>\n<h2 title=\"Class OutlineExtractor\" class=\"title\">Class OutlineExtractor</h2>\n</div>\n<div class=\"contentContainer\">\n<ul class=\"inheritance\">\n<li><a href=\"http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true\" title=\"class or interface in java.lang\">java.lang.",
"Object</a></li>\n<li>\n<ul class=\"inheritance\">\n<li>org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed.",
"OutlineExtractor</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<div class=\"description\">\n<ul class=\"blockList\">\n<li class=\"blockList\">\n<hr>\n<br>\n<pre>public class <span class=\"strong\">OutlineExtractor</span>\nextends <a href=\"http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true\" title=\"class or interface in java.lang\">Object</a></pre>\n<div class=\"block\">Extractor for <a href=\"../../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/euclidean/twod/PolygonsSet.html\" title=\"class in org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.twod\"><code>polyhedrons sets</code></a> outlines.",
"\n <p>This class extracts the 2D outlines from {<a href=\"../../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/euclidean/twod/PolygonsSet.html\" title=\"class in org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.twod\"><code>polyhedrons sets</code></a> in a specified projection plane.</p></div>\n<dl><dt><span class=\"strong\">Since:</span></dt>\n <dd>3.0</dd>\n<dt><span class=\"strong\">Version:</span></dt>\n <dd>$Id: OutlineExtractor.java 1555174 2014-01-03 18:06:20Z luc $</dd></dl>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n<div class=\"summary\">\n<ul class=\"blockList\">\n<li class=\"blockList\">\n<!-- ",
"======== CONSTRUCTOR SUMMARY ======== -->\n<ul class=\"blockList\">\n<li class=\"blockList\"><a name=\"constructor_summary\">\n<!-- ",
" -->\n</a>\n<h3>Constructor Summary</h3>\n<table class=\"overviewSummary\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\" cellspacing=\"0\" summary=\"Constructor Summary table, listing constructors, and an explanation\">\n<caption><span>Constructors</span><span class=\"tabEnd\"> </span></caption>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"colOne\" scope=\"col\">Constructor and Description</th>\n</tr>\n<tr class=\"altColor\">\n<td class=\"colOne\"><code><strong><a href=\"../../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/euclidean/threed/OutlineExtractor.html#OutlineExtractor(org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed.",
"Vector3D, org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed.",
"Vector3D)\">OutlineExtractor</a></strong>(<a href=\"../../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/euclidean/threed/Vector3D.html\" title=\"class in org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed\">Vector3D</a> u,\n <a href=\"../../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/euclidean/threed/Vector3D.html\" title=\"class in org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed\">Vector3D</a> v)</code>\n<div class=\"block\">Build an extractor for a specific projection plane.</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</table>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<!-- ",
"========== METHOD SUMMARY =========== -->\n<ul class=\"blockList\">\n<li class=\"blockList\"><a name=\"method_summary\">\n<!-- ",
" -->\n</a>\n<h3>Method Summary</h3>\n<table class=\"overviewSummary\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\" cellspacing=\"0\" summary=\"Method Summary table, listing methods, and an explanation\">\n<caption><span>Methods</span><span class=\"tabEnd\"> </span></caption>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"colFirst\" scope=\"col\">Modifier and Type</th>\n<th class=\"colLast\" scope=\"col\">Method and Description</th>\n</tr>\n<tr class=\"altColor\">\n<td class=\"colFirst\"><code><a href=\"../../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/euclidean/twod/Vector2D.html\" title=\"class in org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.twod\">Vector2D</a>[][]</code></td>\n<td class=\"colLast\"><code><strong><a href=\"../../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/euclidean/threed/OutlineExtractor.html#getOutline(org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed.",
"PolyhedronsSet)\">getOutline</a></strong>(<a href=\"../../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/euclidean/threed/PolyhedronsSet.html\" title=\"class in org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed\">PolyhedronsSet</a> polyhedronsSet)</code>\n<div class=\"block\">Extract the outline of a polyhedrons set.</div>\n</td>\n</tr>\n</table>\n<ul class=\"blockList\">\n<li class=\"blockList\"><a name=\"methods_inherited_from_class_java.lang.",
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"Object)\" title=\"class or interface in java.lang\">equals</a>, <a href=\"http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#finalize()\" title=\"class or interface in java.lang\">finalize</a>, <a href=\"http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#getClass()\" title=\"class or interface in java.lang\">getClass</a>, <a href=\"http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#hashCode()\" title=\"class or interface in java.lang\">hashCode</a>, <a href=\"http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#notify()\" title=\"class or interface in java.lang\">notify</a>, <a href=\"http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#notifyAll()\" title=\"class or interface in java.lang\">notifyAll</a>, <a href=\"http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#toString()\" title=\"class or interface in java.lang\">toString</a>, <a href=\"http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#wait()\" title=\"class or interface in java.lang\">wait</a>, <a href=\"http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#wait(long)\" title=\"class or interface in java.lang\">wait</a>, <a href=\"http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#wait(long, int)\" title=\"class or interface in java.lang\">wait</a></code></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n<div class=\"details\">\n<ul class=\"blockList\">\n<li class=\"blockList\">\n<!-- ",
"========= CONSTRUCTOR DETAIL ======== -->\n<ul class=\"blockList\">\n<li class=\"blockList\"><a name=\"constructor_detail\">\n<!-- ",
" -->\n</a>\n<h3>Constructor Detail</h3>\n<a name=\"OutlineExtractor(org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed.",
"Vector3D, org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed.",
"Vector3D)\">\n<!-- ",
" -->\n</a>\n<ul class=\"blockListLast\">\n<li class=\"blockList\">\n<h4>OutlineExtractor</h4>\n<pre>public OutlineExtractor(<a href=\"../../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/euclidean/threed/Vector3D.html\" title=\"class in org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed\">Vector3D</a> u,\n <a href=\"../../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/euclidean/threed/Vector3D.html\" title=\"class in org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed\">Vector3D</a> v)</pre>\n<div class=\"block\">Build an extractor for a specific projection plane.</div>\n<dl><dt><span class=\"strong\">Parameters:</span></dt><dd><code>u</code> - abscissa axis of the projection point</dd><dd><code>v</code> - ordinate axis of the projection point</dd></dl>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<!-- ",
"============ METHOD DETAIL ========== -->\n<ul class=\"blockList\">\n<li class=\"blockList\"><a name=\"method_detail\">\n<!-- ",
" -->\n</a>\n<h3>Method Detail</h3>\n<a name=\"getOutline(org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed.",
"PolyhedronsSet)\">\n<!-- ",
" -->\n</a>\n<ul class=\"blockListLast\">\n<li class=\"blockList\">\n<h4>getOutline</h4>\n<pre>public <a href=\"../../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/euclidean/twod/Vector2D.html\" title=\"class in org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.twod\">Vector2D</a>[][] getOutline(<a href=\"../../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/euclidean/threed/PolyhedronsSet.html\" title=\"class in org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed\">PolyhedronsSet</a> polyhedronsSet)</pre>\n<div class=\"block\">Extract the outline of a polyhedrons set.</div>\n<dl><dt><span class=\"strong\">Parameters:</span></dt><dd><code>polyhedronsSet</code> - polyhedrons set whose outline must be extracted</dd>\n<dt><span class=\"strong\">Returns:</span></dt><dd>an outline, as an array of loops.</dd></dl>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n<!-- ",
"========= END OF CLASS DATA ========= -->\n<!-- ",
"======= START OF BOTTOM NAVBAR ====== -->\n<div class=\"bottomNav\"><a name=\"navbar_bottom\">\n<!-- ",
" -->\n</a><a href=\"#skip-navbar_bottom\" title=\"Skip navigation links\"></a><a name=\"navbar_bottom_firstrow\">\n<!-- ",
" -->\n</a>\n<ul class=\"navList\" title=\"Navigation\">\n<li><a href=\"../../../../../../../overview-summary.html\">Overview</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"package-summary.html\">Package</a></li>\n<li class=\"navBarCell1Rev\">Class</li>\n<li><a href=\"class-use/OutlineExtractor.html\">Use</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"package-tree.html\">Tree</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"../../../../../../../deprecated-list.html\">Deprecated</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"../../../../../../../index-all.html\">Index</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"../../../../../../../help-doc.html\">Help</a></li>\n</ul>\n<div class=\"aboutLanguage\"><em><script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML\"></script></em></div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"subNav\">\n<ul class=\"navList\">\n<li><a href=\"../../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/euclidean/threed/NotARotationMatrixException.html\" title=\"class in org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed\"><span class=\"strong\">Prev Class</span></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"../../../../../../../org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/euclidean/threed/Plane.html\" title=\"class in org.apache.commons.math3.geometry.euclidean.threed\"><span class=\"strong\">Next Class</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n<ul class=\"navList\">\n<li><a href=\"../../../../../../../index.html?org/apache/commons/math3/geometry/euclidean/threed/OutlineExtractor.html\" target=\"_top\">Frames</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"OutlineExtractor.html\" target=\"_top\">No Frames</a></li>\n</ul>\n<ul class=\"navList\" id=\"allclasses_navbar_bottom\">\n<li><a href=\"../../../../../../../allclasses-noframe.html\">All Classes</a></li>\n</ul>\n<div>\n<script type=\"text/javascript\"><!--\n allClassesLink = document.getElementById(\"allclasses_navbar_bottom\");\n if(window==top) {\n allClassesLink.style.display = \"block\";\n }\n else {\n allClassesLink.style.display = \"none\";\n }\n //-->\n</script>\n</div>\n<div>\n<ul class=\"subNavList\">\n<li>Summary: </li>\n<li>Nested | </li>\n<li>Field | </li>\n<li><a href=\"#constructor_summary\">Constr</a> | </li>\n<li><a href=\"#method_summary\">Method</a></li>\n</ul>\n<ul class=\"subNavList\">\n<li>Detail: </li>\n<li>Field | </li>\n<li><a href=\"#constructor_detail\">Constr</a> | </li>\n<li><a href=\"#method_detail\">Method</a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n<a name=\"skip-navbar_bottom\">\n<!-- ",
" -->\n</a></div>\n<!-- ",
"======== END OF BOTTOM NAVBAR ======= -->\n<p class=\"legalCopy\"><small>Copyright © 2003–2014 <a href=\"http://www.apache.org/\">The Apache Software Foundation</a>. ",
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"Art, Music, Books, Poetry & Cultural Fashion\n\nSouth Sudanese are generally artistic people. ",
"Despite the war, they have not lost their passion for both entertainment and fine arts.",
"\n\nSince time immemorial, The Sudanese people have curved on stones and wood, wove baskets with papyrus reeds, and molded pots from clay. ",
"Even in the present modern world, we find many fine artists, some never even sat in a class room and others fortunate enough to enhance their skills: all of which have made wonderful works.",
"\n\nFine artists like James Aguer paint faces (with traditional identity marks) of various ethnic communities to preserve cultures, others pass messages of hygiene, HIV/AIDS and other issues of national concern through their art.",
"\n\nSouth Sudanese music industry is still very young and mostly influenced by different cultures as people come back from different countries. ",
"However, traditional music is still very much around. ",
"The music is therefore a mixture of folklore and hip hop music, as presented here on our pages.",
"\n\nIt is safe to say that in no time, South Sudanese music will be the richest and the most enjoyed music across the world as almost everyone will identify with it, thanks to the dispersion of the South Sudanese people across the world that allowed them to get assimilated to different cultures.",
"\n\nSeveral South Sudanese writers like Jacob J. Akol, Francis Deng Mading, Abel Alier, to mention just a few have written quite a number of inspiring books. ",
"Most of these are outlined on these pages. ",
"Several Poets like Edward Lino have also written outstanding poems.",
"\n\nSouth Sudan is also not left behind on the fashion industry. ",
"Our very own Alek Wek has carried the South Sudan flag high, followed by winners of several beauty queens across the world and inside South Sudan; beauty pageants like Miss Malaika, Miss Tourism and several others have given young girls an opportunity to represent and market their country in international beauty pageants. ",
"There are also upcoming South Sudanese designers like Nyanut Bol.",
"\n\nEven though there is not much material collected on this yet, it is worth mentioning that wonderful works by South Sudanese artists do exist, some of which are presented in these pages."
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"[Primary, highly malignant B-cell lymphoma of the prostate. ",
"Apropos of a case and review of the literature].",
"\nWe report a case of prostatic non Hodgkin lymphoma arising in a 61-year-old man. ",
"The treatment consisted of a chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycine, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP regimen). ",
"A complete remission histologically proved was obtained. ",
"The literature and the treatment approach of prostatic lymphomas are reviewed."
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"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a print order system and a method of the same, a print order device and a method of the same, a print processing device and a print processing method, a meal order system, a device for and a method of ordering a meal, and a device for and a method of receiving a meal order.",
"\n2. ",
"Description of Related Art\nDevelopment of use of digital cameras, personal computers, and printers makes it possible for a user to fetch an image shot by a digital camera into a personal computer and to print the image on a sheet of paper by a printer for family use.",
"\nHowever, such a family printer is low-priced and hence has not sufficiently high resolution. ",
"When an image of high resolution is required, the user must record image data representing the image to be printed on a recording medium such as a memory card and then the user brings the card to a laboratory having a high-resolution printer. ",
"In the laboratory, the printer reads the image from the card and produces a high-resolution printout or print of the image.",
"\nTo obtain a printout of high resolution, the user must bring the memory card to the laboratory. ",
"Namely, the user cannot easily produce a high-resolution printout of the image."
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"Q:\n\nColor underline a formula\n\nI want to underline different parts of a formula with different colors. ",
"What is the best possible option? ",
"Soul seems only to provide one color per document.",
"\n\nA:\n\n\\documentclass{article}\n\\usepackage{xcolor}\n\n\\newsavebox\\MBox\n\\newcommand\\Cline[2][red]{{\\sbox\\MBox{$#2$}%\n \\rlap{\\usebox\\MBox}\\color{#1}\\rule[-1.2\\dp\\MBox]{\\wd\\MBox}{0.5pt}}}\n\\begin{document}\n\n\\[ f(x)=\\int_1^\\infty\\Cline{x^2+\\frac12\\ln(x)}\\mathrm{d}x\n = \\Cline[blue]{\\int_1^\\infty x^2} \\mathrm{d}x \n + \\Cline[cyan]{\\int_1^\\infty\\frac12\\ln(x)} \\mathrm{d}x \\]\n\n\\end{document}\n\nA:\n\nThis is a slightly different method than that provided by Herbert and Alan, using TeX's own little known command \\underline.",
"\n\\documentclass{article}\n\\usepackage{xcolor}\n\n\\def\\mathunderline#1#2{\\color{#1}\\underline{{\\color{black}#2}}\\color{black}}\n\\begin{document}\n\n\\[ f(x)=\\int_1^\\infty\\mathunderline{red}{x^2+\\frac12\\ln(x)}\\mathrm{d}x\n = \\mathunderline{blue}{\\int_1^\\infty x^2} \\mathrm{d}x \n + \\mathunderline{green}{\\int_1^\\infty\\frac12\\ln(x)} \\mathrm{d}x \\]\n\n\\end{document}\n\nA:\n\nYou can easily create a multicoloured version of the \\ul command using the soul package. ",
" \n\\documentclass{article}\n\\usepackage{xcolor}\n\\usepackage{soul}\n\n%This command takes a colour as an optional argument; the default colour is black.",
"\n\n\\newcommand{\\myul}[2][black]{\\setulcolor{#1}\\ul{#2}\\setulcolor{black}}\n\n\\begin{document}\n \\myul[red]{Red underline}\n\n \\myul[blue]{blue underline}\n\n \\myul[green]{green underline}\n\n \\myul{black underline}\n \\end{document}\n\nIt appears this solution doesn't work for underlining in math mode, so Herbert's solution is clearly best. ",
" For regular text, this solution will work as advertised.",
"\n\n"
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[
"When cupcakes dissappoint….",
"\n\nI trying to learn to teach my brain, belly, and mouth to slow their roll. ",
"Settle down. ",
"Be happy with less.",
"\n\nI also know that I must keep all three happy while doing so, or there will be a REVOLUTION!",
"\n\nIt’s a delicate balance.",
"\n\nYesterday Lonnie, Jessi, the pups and I had a simply marvelous day on the coast. ",
"We beached. ",
"We laked. ",
"We downtown Bar Harbored. ",
"Before we left, Lonnie and I even made going for a run a priority. ",
"Yay us!",
"\n\nJessi and I doing some sick cheerleader moves at Long Pond\n\nAs I knew I had plenty of activity points for the day, and I hadn’t eaten much, I decided that this day deserved to be topped off with a little ice cream! …..",
"then I saw the adorable little cupcake shop with case full of beautiful, delicious looking cupcakes of happiness. (",
"as an aside…. ",
"I have been obsessed with cupcakes lately anyway because I have been watching ‘Cupcake Wars’ on netflix… which honestly, may be the most stupid, most contrived, and most annoying show that I hate, yet keep watching) Their beauty even inspired Jessi to splurge and have a little wheat (which she knows she will pay for later with belly pain and break-outs). ",
"I couldn’t decide between chocolate with peanut butter frosting and vanilla with oreo frosting, so I bought one of each with the plan to eat half of each. ",
"They wrapped them up in a cute little pink box and we took them home to indulge in later that evening while watching Orange is the New Black.",
"\n\nSo much care. ",
"So much anticipation. ",
"So much planning. ",
"Not-on-a-diet me would have gobbled them down while walking down the street or in the car, or the second I got home. ",
"On-a-diet me is trying to learn to eat right most of the time and really savor occasional splurges.",
"\n\nWell screw you, Cupcake place. ",
"All that care, anticipation, and planning. ",
"and they were terrible. ",
"The frosting just tasted like sugar and crisco… little to no flavor at all. ",
"The cake was so crumby and delicate that it basically just disintegrated into a pile of crumbs the second I cut it in half… and also had no flavor. ",
"I didn’t even finish either half because why put something into my body that I am not loving!?? (",
"Which is a foreign concept to not-on-a-diet Colleen. ",
"😉 )\n\nSo instead I had a delicious bowl of sweet, buttery, crunchy Capn’ Crunch with ice cold milk. ",
"For less than half the money and about 1/4 the points.",
"\n\nMe\n\nI am a 40 something (yikers!) ",
"year old divorced, and then re-married, mom of two, Sean and Jessi. ",
"A lot of my blog is focused on my struggle with my weight. ",
"Another lot of my blog is focused on my journey to better myself in other aspects of my life. ",
"I spent the first half of my life angry and bitter, with big splashes of fun to hold it together. ",
"In this half, I want to keep the fun... and make the angry bitter part go bye-bye!",
"\nI have been blogging since 2006ish on my on Porchrockers blogger blog. ",
"I love blogging and I loved that blog, but my life has changed so much that it just didn't fit me anymore so I created a shiny new blog to match my shiny new life!"
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[
"Q:\n\nWhy I get the message Two-way binding requires Path or XPath.?",
"\n\nI am creating a TextBox and a TextBlock at runtime and bind that to the database fields at runtime. ",
"The code is below:\nLstConfigFields = dbContext.",
"ConfigFields.",
"Where(c => c.ConfigId == this.",
"Uid).ToList();\nforeach (ConfigField rec in LstConfigFields)\n{\n TextBlock TBlock = new TextBlock();\n TBlock.",
"Text = rec.",
"TextBlockText;\n\n TextBox TBox = new TextBox(); \n TBox.",
"SetBinding(TextBox.",
"TextProperty,new Binding(rec.",
"DatabaseField));\n\n if ((bool)rec.",
"IsVisible)\n {\n stackPanel1.Children.",
"Add(TBlock);\n stackPanel1.Children.",
"Add(TBox);\n }\n}\n\nBut I am getting this message :\n\nTwo-way binding requires Path or XPath.",
"\n\nWhere am I going wrong?",
"\n\nA:\n\nIf DatabaseField is read-only you should use OneWay Binding. ",
"\n\n"
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"/*\n * The MIT License (MIT)\n *\n * Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Umeng, Inc\n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to deal\n * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights\n * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell\n * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.",
"\n * \n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. ",
"IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,\n * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN\n * THE SOFTWARE.",
"\n */\n\npackage com.dp.chapter01.part2.refactor;\n\nimport android.graphics.",
"Bitmap;\nimport android.graphics.",
"BitmapFactory;\nimport android.os.",
"Handler;\nimport android.widget.",
"ImageView;\n\nimport java.net.",
"HttpURLConnection;\nimport java.net.",
"URL;\nimport java.util.concurrent.",
"ExecutorService;\nimport java.util.concurrent.",
"Executors;\n\nimport com.dp.chapter01.part2.refactor.cache.",
"ImageCache;\nimport com.dp.chapter01.part2.refactor.cache.",
"MemoryCache;\n\n/**\n * 图片加载类\n */\npublic class ImageLoader {\n // 图片缓存\n ImageCache mImageCache = new MemoryCache();\n // 线程池,线程数量为CPU的数量\n ExecutorService mExecutorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime()\n .availableProcessors());\n private Handler mUiHandler = new Handler() ;\n\n public void setImageCache(ImageCache cache) {\n mImageCache = cache;\n }\n\n public void displayImage(String imageUrl, ImageView imageView) {\n Bitmap bitmap = mImageCache.get(imageUrl);\n if (bitmap !",
"= null) {\n imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);\n return;\n }\n\n submitLoadRequest(imageUrl, imageView);\n }\n\n private void submitLoadRequest(final String imageUrl, final ImageView imageView) {\n imageView.setTag(imageUrl);\n mExecutorService.submit(new Runnable() {\n\n @Override\n public void run() {\n Bitmap bitmap = downloadImage(imageUrl);\n if (bitmap == null) {\n return;\n }\n if (imageView.getTag().equals(imageUrl)) {\n updateImageView(imageView, bitmap);\n }\n mImageCache.put(imageUrl, bitmap);\n }\n });\n }\n \n private void updateImageView(final ImageView imageView, final Bitmap bitmap) {\n\t\tmUiHandler.post(new Runnable() {\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t@Override\n\t\t\tpublic void run() {\n\t\t\t\t imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); ;\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t});\n\t}\n\n public Bitmap downloadImage(String imageUrl) {\n Bitmap bitmap = null;\n try {\n URL url = new URL(imageUrl);\n final HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();\n bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(conn.getInputStream());\n conn.disconnect();\n } catch (Exception e) {\n e.printStackTrace();\n }\n\n return bitmap;\n }\n}\n"
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[
"Lack of apoptosis in the hypoxic brain of a rat model mimicking cyanotic heart disease.",
"\nTo assess the effect of chronic hypoxia on brain neuronal apoptosis, an animal model mimicking cyanotic heart disease was utilized. ",
"Rats were placed in an hypoxic environment at birth and oxygen levels were maintained at 10% in an air-tight Plexiglass chamber. ",
"Controls remained in room air. ",
"Animals were sacrificed and the brains were harvested at 1 and 4 weeks, respectively. ",
"Significant polycythemia developed in the hypoxic rats at 1 and 4 weeks. ",
"Indexed brain mass to body weight was significantly increased in the hypoxic groups by 18% (p < 0.01) and 38% (p < 0.01) as compared to controls at 1 and 4 weeks, respectively. ",
"There was no difference in the number of apoptotic neurons between the chronically hypoxic rats and controls, as assayed by TUNEL labelling and Hoechst staining. ",
"The role of the sphingolipid ceramide was then examined because of its reported role in stress response, growth suppression and apoptosis. ",
"It was found that the brain ceramide accumulation was not significantly different in the hypoxic and control groups at 1 and 4 weeks. ",
"A protective adaptive response to chronic hypoxia in the neonatal brain may exist."
] | {
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"The sedimentary succession of the Paleoproterozoic Pretoria Group is very important for\nunderstanding Earth’s ancient history. ",
"It represents a time of extreme environmental changes on\nEarth, from global ice-ages to ..."
] | {
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"#!",
"/bin/bash\n#\n# qcow2 pattern test with various cluster sizes\n#\n# Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.\n#\n# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify\n# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by\n# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or\n# (at your option) any later version.",
"\n#\n# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ",
" See the\n# GNU General Public License for more details.",
"\n#\n# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n# along with this program. ",
" If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.",
"\n#\n\n# creator\nowner=kwolf@redhat.com\n\nseq=`basename $0`\necho \"QA output created by $seq\"\n\nhere=`pwd`\ntmp=/tmp/$$\nstatus=1\t# failure is the default!",
"\n\n_cleanup()\n{\n\t_cleanup_test_img\n}\ntrap \"_cleanup; exit \\$status\" 0 1 2 3 15\n\n# get standard environment, filters and checks\n. ",
"./common.rc\n. ",
"./common.filter\n. ",
"./common.pattern\n\n# much of this could be generic for any format supporting compression.",
"\n_supported_fmt qcow qcow2\n_supported_proto file\n_supported_os Linux\n\nTEST_OFFSETS=\"0 4294967296\"\nTEST_OPS=\"writev read write readv\"\n\n# Can't use 512 byte clusters, the tests use cluster halves\nCLUSTER_SIZES=\"1024 4096 16384 65536\"\n\nfor CLUSTER_SIZE in $CLUSTER_SIZES; do\n\n echo \"Creating new image; cluster size: $CLUSTER_SIZE\"\n echo\n\n _make_test_img 8G\n\n echo \"Testing empty image\"\n echo\n\n for offset in $TEST_OFFSETS; do\n echo \"At offset $offset:\"\n for op in $TEST_OPS; do\n io_test $op $offset $CLUSTER_SIZE 3\n done\n _check_test_img\n done\n\n echo \"Compressing image\"\n echo\n\n mv \"$TEST_IMG\" \"$TEST_IMG.orig\"\n $QEMU_IMG convert -f $IMGFMT -O $IMGFMT -c \"$TEST_IMG.orig\" \"$TEST_IMG\"\n\n echo \"Testing compressed image\"\n echo\n\n for offset in $TEST_OFFSETS; do\n echo \"With offset $offset:\"\n for op in read readv; do\n io_test $op $offset $CLUSTER_SIZE 3\n done\n _check_test_img\n done\n\n echo \"Testing compressed image with odd offsets\"\n echo\n for offset in $TEST_OFFSETS; do\n # Some odd offset (1 sector), so tests will write to areas occupied partly\n # by old (compressed) data and empty clusters\n offset=$((offset + 512))\n echo \"With offset $offset:\"\n for op in $TEST_OPS; do\n io_test $op $offset $CLUSTER_SIZE 3\n done\n _check_test_img\n done\n\n echo \"Creating another new image\"\n echo\n\n _make_test_img 8G\n\n echo \"More complex patterns\"\n echo\n\n for offset in $TEST_OFFSETS; do\n echo test2: With offset $offset\n io_test2 $offset $CLUSTER_SIZE 4\n _check_test_img\n done\n\ndone\n\n# success, all done\necho \"*** done\"\nrm -f $seq.full\nstatus=0\n"
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[
"Quicklinks menu\n\nSingapore Frontier Challenge 2017\n\nSingapore Frontier (SFC) Challenge 2017 concluded successfully on 30 September. ",
"The finale was held at Singapore Power (SP) Group headquarters and showcased the work of the top five finalist teams.",
"\n\nThe competition focused on alternative energy solutions, specifically solutions for transmission, storage or production of alternative energy.",
"\n\nSFC 2017 was spearheaded by the NUS Physics Society, with the organising committee comprising students from diverse backgrounds and majors. ",
"The inaugural competition aimed to involve tertiary students from diverse disciplines by encouraging them to develop innovative solutions to pressing environmental issues faced by Singapore. ",
"The competition drew participants from NUS, the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD).",
"\n\nEmphasising the interdisciplinary aspect, SFC 2017 encouraged participating students to form groups with other majors to generate greater diversity of ideas. ",
"The Faculty’s Team SAVEZ was amongst the finalists. ",
"Team SAVEZ comprised three Physics students SEAH Zong Long, KOH Jun Hao and CHAN Si Min and two students from the Faculty of Engineering, Ernst CHEOK and UDAYAGIRI Vishnu Saran.",
"\n\nDrawing inspiration from photosynthesis where plants convert sunlight into useful energy organically and sustainably, Team SAVEZ developed a solar cell fabric and a three-dimensional (3D) transparent solar cell under the guidance of Dr TAN Swee Ching, Assistant Professor, NUS Department of Materials Science and Engineering; and Mr WANG Aimin, Team Mentor, SP Group. ",
"Their innovation impressed the panel of judges during the finale, and was awarded a second runners-up placing.",
"\n\nThe various teams’ renewable energy projects, ranging from protein-based solar cells to rainwater harvesters, was well-received by the panel of judges, which included SP Group’s CEO Mr WONG Kim Yin, their senior management, as well as two NUS Faculty of Science academic staff - Dr YEO Ye, Senior Lecturer, Department of Physics and Dr LIU Mei Hui, Assistant Dean, Student Life.",
"\n\nThe top five teams emerging from the debate knockout stage in August 2017 were each assigned a mentor from SP Group, comprising engineers and experts who shared relevant industry experience and guided them by providing resources and proposing improvements during prototyping. ",
"In addition to technical knowledge, the SP Group mentors also coached their respective teams on presentation and pitching skills. ",
"The finalist teams did not disappoint, and delivered wonderful prototypes and presentations during the finale.",
"\n\nParticipants also attended energy-related talks and workshops, such as 3D printing, using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software to design mechanical parts, as well as understanding Arduino, an open-source electronics platform which creates prototypes.",
"\n\nThe SP Group granted $23,000 in sponsorships to support the competition. ",
"Months of hard work went in to planning the three-month competition to ensure that the event ran smoothly.",
"\n\nOne of the key takeaways from the competition for all participants was the opportunity to mingle with SP Group staff and to benefit from their industry expertise. ",
"Mr WONG Kim Yin, CEO of SP Group, also personally discussed the potential of the ideas and advised each team on the possibility of a collaboration with SP Group to further develop their projects.",
"\n\nLAI MingRui, Year 3 Physics student and SFC 2017 Project Director, said, “We hope that through the competition, more students will take an interest in issues faced by Singapore in the present, and in the years to come.”",
"\n\nSingapore Frontier Challenge 2017’s first contact event on 17 June\n\nParticipants attended various software and hardware workshops held in conjunction with the competition"
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[
"---\nabstract: 'We study the category of Reedy diagrams in an ${\\mathcal{M}}$-model category, explicitly, we show that if $I$ is a small category, ${\\mathcal{M}}$ is a closed symmetric monoidal category and ${\\mathcal{C}}$ is a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}$-module, then the diagram category ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$ is a closed module over the diagram category ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$. We then prove that if further $I$ is a Reedy category, ${\\mathcal{M}}$ is a monoidal model category and ${\\mathcal{C}}$ is an ${\\mathcal{M}}$-model category, then, with the Reedy model category structures, ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$ is an ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$-model category provided that ${\\mathcal{M}}$ is cofibrantly generated with cofibrant unit.'",
"\naddress: |\n Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d’Ingénieurs Elmanar, B.P 244, Tunis 2092, Tunis Elmanar University, Tunisia.\\\n \\\n National School of Computer Science (ENSI), Manouba University, Manouba 2010, Tunisia.\\\nauthor:\n- Moncef Ghazel and Fethi Kadhi\ntitle: 'REEDY DIAGRAMS IN $\\mm$-MODEL CATEGORIES'\n---\n\nIntroduction {#intro}\n============\n\nThe importance of closed symmetric monoidal model category and modules over them has recently been emphasized by a number of useful results c.f. [",
"@HH], [@HSS], [@SS], [@W]. ",
"A closed symmetric monoidal model category is a model category which is also a closed symmetric monoidal category in a compatible way, the homotopy category of such a category has a closed symmetric monoidal category structure. ",
"Similarly an ${\\mathcal{M}}$-model category over a closed symmetric monoidal model category ${\\mathcal{M}}$ is a model category ${\\mathcal{C}}$ which is also a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}$-module in a compatible way, The homotopy category $Ho({\\mathcal{C}})$ of an ${\\mathcal{M}}$-model category ${\\mathcal{C}}$ is a closed module over the homotopy category $Ho({\\mathcal{M}})$ of ${\\mathcal{M}}$ [@H].\\\nLet $I$ be a small category and ${\\mathcal{M}}$ a closed symmetric monoidal category, it is known that the diagram category ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$, with the objectwise product, is a closed symmetric monoidal category and if $I$ is a Reedy category, then the Reedy model structure on the diagram category ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$ is compatible with the monoidal structure [@GK]. ",
"It is our objective in this paper to prove that given a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}$-module ${\\mathcal{C}}$, then the diagram category ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$, with the object wise action, is a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$-module and if $I$ is a Reedy category and ${\\mathcal{C}}$ is an ${\\mathcal{M}}$-model category, then, with the Reedy model category structures, ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$ is an ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$-model category. ",
"The methods used in here are similar to those we used in [@GK], we begin in sections \\[s2\\] and \\[s3\\] by reviewing Yoneda’s Lemmas for closed symmetric monoidal categories and for closed modules over them, we then derive the corresponding Yoneda’s reductions, these will play an essential role in the proof of the closedness of the objectwise action of ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$ on ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$, in section \\[s4\\] a few more elementary results are proved and used in section \\[s5\\] to prove of our main result.\\\nAll categories considered in this paper are locally small, for any category ${\\mathcal{C}}$ and any two objects $x$, $y$ in ${\\mathcal{C}}$, the set of morphisms from $x$ to $y$ is always denoted by ${\\mathcal{C}}(x,y).$\\\n\nYoneda’s lemma for closed symmetric monoidal categories {#s2}\n========================================================\n\nLet ${\\mathcal{M}}$ be a bicomplete closed symmetric monoidal category with monoidal product $\\otimes$, unit $k$, and internal homomorphism functor denoted exponentially so that for $m,m,p\\in{\\mathcal{M}}$, there is a natural isomorphism $${\\mathcal{M}}(m\\otimes n,p)\\cong{\\mathcal{M}}(m,p^n)$$ Let $I$ be a small category and ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$ the category of functors from $I$ to ${\\mathcal{M}}$, for $M,N\\in{\\mathcal{M}}^I$, the hom set ${\\mathcal{M}}^I(M,N)$ is the end $${\\mathcal{M}}^I(M,N)=\\int_i{\\mathcal{M}}(M_i,N_i)$$\n\nDefine three new functors\n\n$$\\begin{array}{crcllll}\n {\\otimes}:&{\\mathcal{M}}\\times {\\mathcal{M}}^I & \\to & {\\mathcal{M}}^I& & &\\\\\n &(m, M) & \\longmapsto & m \\otimes M:&I&\\to&{\\mathcal{M}}\\\\\n & & & &i&\\longmapsto& m\\otimes M_i\\\\\n \n\\end{array}$$\n\n$$\\begin{array}{crcllll}\n \\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{M}}^I}:&({\\mathcal{M}}^I)^{op}\\times {\\mathcal{M}}^I & \\to & {\\mathcal{M}}\\\\\n &(M, N) & \\longmapsto & \\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{M}}^I}(M,N)=\\int_i N_i^{M_i}\\\\ \n\\end{array}$$ $$\\begin{array}{crcllll}\n &{\\mathcal{M}}^{op}\\times {\\mathcal{M}}^I & \\to & {\\mathcal{M}}^I& & &\\\\\n &(m, M) & \\longmapsto & M^m:&I&\\to&{\\mathcal{M}}\\\\\n & & & &i&\\longmapsto&M^m_i\\\\\n \n\\end{array}$$\n\n\\[l1\\] The above three functors define a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}$-module structure on ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$.\n\nLet $m\\in{\\mathcal{M}}$, $M,N\\in{\\mathcal{M}}^I$ $$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathcal{M}}^I(m\\otimes M,N)&\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{M}}(m\\otimes M_i,N_i)\\\\\n &\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{M}}(M_i\\otimes m,N_i)\\\\\n &\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{M}}(M_i,N^m_i)\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{M}}^I(M,N^m)\\\\\n \\end{aligned}$$ Similarly $$\\begin{aligned}\n {\\mathcal{M}}^I(m\\otimes M,N)&\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{M}}(m\\otimes M_i,N_i)\\\\\n &\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{M}}(m,N_i^{M_i})\\\\\n &\\cong &{\\mathcal{M}}(m,\\int_iN_i^{M_i})\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{M}}(m,{map}_{{\\mathcal{M}}^I}(M,N))\n \\end{aligned}$$\n\nwe then have natural isomorphisms $${\\mathcal{M}}^I(m\\otimes M,N)\\cong{\\mathcal{M}}^I(M,N^m)\\cong{\\mathcal{M}}(m,{map}_{{\\mathcal{M}}^I}(M,N))$$ and ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$ is a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}$-module.",
"\n\nLet ${\\mathcal{S}}$ be the category of sets, $U:{\\mathcal{S}}\\to {\\mathcal{M}}$ and $V:{\\mathcal{M}}\\to {\\mathcal{S}}$ the functors given by $$U(S)=\\coprod_{S}k,\\hspace{1cm} V(m)={\\mathcal{M}}(k,m).$$ $$\\begin{aligned}\n {\\mathcal{M}}(U(S),m)&\\cong&{\\mathcal{M}}(\\coprod_Sk,m)\\\\\n &\\cong& \\prod_S{\\mathcal{M}}(k,m)\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{S}}(S,{\\mathcal{M}}(k,m))\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{S}}(S,V(m))\n \\end{aligned}$$\n\nLet $$\\displaystyle\\begin{array}{lll}\n h^{{\\mathcal{S}}}_i:&I \\to & {\\mathcal{S}}\\\\\n &j\\longmapsto & h_i(j)=I(i,j) \n\\end{array}$$ and $h_i=U^I(h^{{\\mathcal{S}}}_i)=U \\circ h^{{\\mathcal{S}}}_i $, then $$\\begin{array}{lll}\n h_i:&I \\to & {\\mathcal{M}}\\\\\n &j\\longmapsto & {\\displaystyle}\\coprod_{I(i,j)}k \n\\end{array}$$ For $M\\in{\\mathcal{M}}^I$,\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathcal{M}}^I(h_i,M)&\\cong&{\\mathcal{M}}^I(U^I(h_i^{{\\mathcal{S}}}),M)\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{S}}^I(h_i^{{\\mathcal{S}}},V^I(M)) \\\\\n &\\cong&V^I(M)_i \\mbox{(by the classical Yoneda's lemma)}\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{M}}(k,M_i) \\end{aligned}$$\n\nWe then have $$\\label{eq1}\n{\\mathcal{M}}^I(h_i,M)\\cong{\\mathcal{M}}(k,M_i)$$ The following is a special case of the enriched Yoneda’s lemma [@B], [@K] and [@R]. ",
"\\[l2\\][(Yoneda’s lemma for closed symmetric monoidal categories)]{}\\\nThe functors $Ev,\\Gamma:{\\mathcal{M}}^I\\times I\\to{\\mathcal{M}}$ given by $$\\begin{aligned}\nEv(M,i)&=&M_i\\\\\n\\Gamma(M,i)&=&\\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{M}}^I}(h_i,M)\\end{aligned}$$ are equivalent. ",
"For $m\\in{\\mathcal{M}}$, $(M,i)\\in{\\mathcal{M}}^I\\times I$\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathcal{M}}(m,\\Gamma(M,i))&\\cong&{\\mathcal{M}}(m, map_{{\\mathcal{M}}^I}(h_i,M))\\\\\n &\\cong& {\\mathcal{M}}(m\\otimes h_i,M)\\\\\n &\\cong& {\\mathcal{M}}^I(h_i,M^m)\\\\\n &\\cong& {\\mathcal{M}}(k,M_i^m) \\mbox{ (by (\\ref{eq1}))}\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{M}}(m,M_i)\\\\\n &\\cong& {\\mathcal{M}}(m,Ev(M,i)) \\end{aligned}$$\n\nAll isomorphisms are natural, thus $\\Gamma$ and $Ev$ are equivalent. ",
"Define the codifferential of a functor $M: I{\\longrightarrow}{\\mathcal{M}}$ to be the functor\n\n$$\\begin{array}{rrcllll}\nCM:&I^{op}\\times I&\\to & {\\mathcal{M}}^I&&& \\\\\n &(i,j)&\\longmapsto & h_i\\otimes M_j :& I& \\to &{\\mathcal{M}}\\\\ \n&&&& q& \\longmapsto & h_i(q)\\otimes M_j \n\\end{array}$$ The following manifestation of Yoneda’s lemma is a special case of Proposition I.5.1 in [@D].",
"\n\n\\[l0\\] (Yoneda coreduction) Let $ M\\in {\\mathcal{M}}^{I}$, then $M$ is isomorphic to the coend of $CM$, i.e. $$M \\cong \\int^i CM(i,i)$$\n\nFor $N \\in {\\mathcal{M}}^{I}$\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathcal{M}}^I (\\int^i CM(i,i),N)&\\cong&\\int_i {\\mathcal{M}}^I (CM(i,i),N)\\\\\n &\\cong& \\int_i {\\mathcal{M}}^I (h_i\\otimes M_i,N)\\\\\n &\\cong&\\int_i {\\mathcal{M}}( M_i, map_{{\\mathcal{M}}^{I}} (h_i,N))\\\\\n &\\cong&\\int_i {\\mathcal{M}}( M_i, N_i) (\\mbox{by Yoneda's Lemma \\ref{l2}})\\\\ \n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{M}}^I (M,N)\\end{aligned}$$\n\nIt follows that $M \\cong \\int^i CM(i,i)$\n\nYoneda’s lemma for closed ${\\mathcal{M}}$-modules {#s3}\n=================================================\n\nLet $I$, ${\\mathcal{M}}$ be as in the previous section and ${\\mathcal{C}}$ be bicomplete closed ${\\mathcal{M}}$-module, $$\\begin{array}{crcl}\n \\otimes:&{\\mathcal{M}}\\times{\\mathcal{C}}&\\to & {\\mathcal{C}}\\\\\n &(m,c)&\\longmapsto & m\\otimes c \n\\end{array}$$ $$\\begin{array}{crcl}\n \\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}}: &{\\mathcal{C}}^{op}\\times{\\mathcal{C}}&\\to & {\\mathcal{M}}\\\\\n &(c,d)&\\longmapsto & \\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}}(c,d) \n\\end{array}$$ $$\\begin{array}{rcl}\n {\\mathcal{M}}^{op}\\times{\\mathcal{C}}&\\to & {\\mathcal{C}}\\\\\n (m,c)&\\longmapsto & c^m \n\\end{array}$$ the functors which define the closed ${\\mathcal{M}}$-module structure on ${\\mathcal{C}}$. For $m\\in{\\mathcal{M}}$, $c,d\\in{\\mathcal{C}}$, we have natural isomrphisms $${\\mathcal{C}}(m\\otimes c,d)\\cong{\\mathcal{M}}(m,\\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}}(c,d))\\cong{\\mathcal{C}}(c,d^m)$$\n\nDefine new functors\n\n$$\\begin{array}{rrcllll}\n\n\n \\otimes:&{\\mathcal{M}}^I\\times {\\mathcal{C}}& \\to & {\\mathcal{C}}^I& & &\\\\\n\n\n &(M, c) & \\longmapsto & M\\otimes c:&I&\\to&{\\mathcal{C}}\\\\\n & & & &i&\\longmapsto& M_i\\otimes c\\\\\n \n\\end{array}$$ $$\\begin{array}{rrcllll}\n hom_r:&{\\mathcal{C}}^{op}\\times {\\mathcal{C}}^I & \\to & {\\mathcal{M}}^I& & &\\\\\n &(c, X) & \\longmapsto & hom_r(c,X):&I&\\to&{\\mathcal{M}}\\\\\n & & & &i&\\longmapsto& map_{{\\mathcal{C}}}(c,X_i)\\\\ \n\\end{array}$$ $$\\begin{array}{rccl }\nhom_l:& ({\\mathcal{M}}^I)^{op}\\times {\\mathcal{C}}^I & \\to & {\\mathcal{C}}\\\\\n &(M, X) & \\longmapsto & hom_l(M,X) =\\int_i X_i^{M_i}\n\\end{array}$$ \\[l3\\] $(\\otimes, hom_l, hom_r)$ is an adjunction of two variables from ${\\mathcal{M}}^I\\times {\\mathcal{C}}$ to $ {\\mathcal{C}}^I$ (in the sense of Definition 4.1.12 in [@H]).",
"\n\nLet $M\\in{\\mathcal{M}}^I$, $c\\in{\\mathcal{C}}$ and $X\\in{\\mathcal{C}}^I$\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathcal{C}}^I(M\\otimes c,X)&\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{C}}(M_i\\otimes c,X_i)\\\\\n &\\cong& \\int_i{\\mathcal{M}}(M_i,map_{{\\mathcal{C}}}(c,X_i))\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{M}}^I(M,hom_r(c,X))\\end{aligned}$$\n\nSimilarly $$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathcal{C}}^I(M\\otimes c,X)&\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{C}}(M_i\\otimes c,X_i)\\\\\n &\\cong& \\int_i{\\mathcal{C}}(c,X_i^{M_i})\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{C}}(c,\\int_iX_i^{M_i})\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{C}}(c,hom_l(M,X))\\end{aligned}$$ Let $h_i: I \\to {\\mathcal{M}}$ be the functor defined in the previous section \\[l4\\][(Yoneda’s lemma for modules)]{}\\\nThe functors $Ev,\\Gamma:{\\mathcal{C}}^I\\times I\\to{\\mathcal{C}}$ given by\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\nEv(X,i)&=&X_i\\\\\n\\Gamma(X,i)&=&hom_l(h_i,X)\\end{aligned}$$\n\nare equivalent. ",
"Let $(X,i)\\in {\\mathcal{C}}^I\\times I$, $c\\in{\\mathcal{C}}$ and $k$ the unit object object of ${\\mathcal{M}}$ $$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathcal{C}}(c,\\Gamma(X,i))&\\cong&{\\mathcal{C}}(c, hom_l(h_i,X))\\\\\n &\\cong& {\\mathcal{C}}^I(h_i\\otimes c,X)\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{M}}^I(h_i,hom_r(c,X))\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{M}}(k,,hom_r(c,X)_i) \\mbox{ (by (\\ref{eq1}))}\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{M}}(k,map_{{\\mathcal{C}}}(c,X_i)) \\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{C}}(c,X_i)\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{C}}(c,Ev(X,i))\\end{aligned}$$ All isomorphisms are natural, it follows that $Ev$ and $\\Gamma$ are equivalent.",
"\n\nFor $X\\in{\\mathcal{C}}^I$ and $i\\in I$, let\n\n$$\\begin{array}{lcl}\n h^i:&I^{op} \\to & {\\mathcal{M}}\\\\\n &j\\longmapsto & {\\displaystyle}\\coprod_{I(j,i)}k \n\\end{array}$$ where $k$ is the unit object object of ${\\mathcal{M}}$ and define the codifferential $CX$ and the differential $DX$ of $X$ to be the functors\n\n$$\\begin{array}{rrcllll}\nCX:&I^{op}\\times I&\\to & {\\mathcal{C}}^I&&& \\\\\n &(i,j)&\\longmapsto & h_i\\otimes X_j :& I& \\to &{\\mathcal{C}}\\\\ \n&&&& q& \\longmapsto & h_i(q)\\otimes X_j \n\\end{array}$$\n\n$$\\begin{array}{rrcllll}\n DX:&I^{op}\\times I&\\to & {\\mathcal{C}}^I &&&\\\\\n &(i,j)&\\longmapsto & X^{h^i}_j:& I& \\to&{\\mathcal{C}}\\\\ \n&&&& q& \\longmapsto & X^{h^i(q)}_j \n\\end{array}$$ One has the following form of Yoneda coreduction and reduction for modules which is again a special case of Proposition I.5.1 in [@D]. ",
"\\[l5\\][(Yoneda coreduction, reduction for modules)]{}\\\nLet $X\\in{\\mathcal{C}}^I$, then there are natural isomorphisms $$\\label{eq2}\nX\\cong\\int^iCX(i,i)$$ $$\\label{eq3} \nX\\cong\\int_iDX(i,i)$$ Let $D\\in{\\mathcal{C}}^I$, $$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathcal{C}}^I(\\int^iCX(i,i),D)&\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{C}}^I(CX(i,i),D)\\\\\n &=&\\int_i{\\mathcal{C}}^I(h_i\\otimes X_i,D)\\\\\n &\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{C}}(X_i,hom_l(h_i,D))\\\\\n &\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{C}}(X_i,D_i) \\mbox{ (by Yoneda's lemma \\ref{l4})}\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{C}}^I(X,D)\\\\\\end{aligned}$$ the isomorphisms are natural so $$X\\cong\\int^iCX(i,i)$$\n\nThis proves (\\[eq2\\]). (",
"\\[eq3\\]) is the dual of (\\[eq2\\]) in the following sense: a closed action of ${\\mathcal{M}}$ on ${\\mathcal{C}}$ gives rise to a closed action of ${\\mathcal{M}}$ on ${\\mathcal{C}}^{op}$ and (\\[eq3\\]) is simply (\\[eq2\\]) applied to the new action of ${\\mathcal{M}}$ on ${\\mathcal{C}}^{op}$.\n\nThe closed ${\\mathcal{M}}$-model category structure on ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$ {#s4}\n========================================================================\n\nLet $I$, ${\\mathcal{M}}$ and ${\\mathcal{C}}$ be as in the previous section, define new functors\n\n$$\\begin{array}{rrcllll}\n \\otimes:&{\\mathcal{M}}\\times {\\mathcal{C}}^I & \\to & {\\mathcal{C}}^I& & &\\\\\n &(m, C) & \\longmapsto & m\\otimes C:&I&\\to&{\\mathcal{C}}\\\\\n & & & &i&\\longmapsto& m\\otimes C_i\\\\\n \n\\end{array}$$ $$\\begin{array}{rcllll}\n {\\mathcal{M}}^{op}\\times {\\mathcal{C}}^I & \\to & {\\mathcal{C}}^I& & &\\\\\n\n (m, C) & \\longmapsto & C^m:&I&\\to&{\\mathcal{C}}\\\\\n & & &i&\\longmapsto& c_i^m\\\\\n \n\\end{array}$$ $$\\begin{array}{rrcl}\n \\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}:&({\\mathcal{C}}^I)^{op}\\times {\\mathcal{C}}^I & \\to & {\\mathcal{M}}\\\\\n &(C, D) & \\longmapsto & \\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}(C,D)=\\int_i\\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}}(C_i,D_i)\n \\end{array}$$ \\[l6\\] The above three functors define a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}$-module structure on ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$. Similar to the proof of Lemma \\[l3\\].",
"\n\nThe following proposition generalizes Lemma 4.2 in [@Ba].",
"\n\n\\[p1\\] Assume that ${\\mathcal{M}}$ is a closed symmetric monoidal model category, ${\\mathcal{C}}$ is a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}$-model category and $I$ is a Reedy category, then, with the Reedy model category structure, ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$ is a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}$-model category.",
"\n\nThe unit axiom clearly holds, we prove the pushout-product axiom\n\nStep1. ",
"$I$ is a direct category.\\\nlet $a {\\stackrel}f {\\longrightarrow}b $ be a cofibration in ${\\mathcal{M}}$ and $X {\\stackrel}p {\\longrightarrow}Y$ a fibration in ${\\mathcal{C}}^{I}$, the maps $X_{i} {\\stackrel}{p_{i}}\n{\\longrightarrow}Y_{i}$ are fibrations in ${\\mathcal{C}}$ which are trivial if $p$ is, therefore the maps $$X_{i}^{b} {\\longrightarrow}X_{i}^{a} \\times _{Y^{a}_{i}} Y_{i}^{b}$$ are fibrations in ${\\mathcal{M}}$ which are trivial if $ f $ or $p$ is, it follows that $X^{b} {\\longrightarrow}X^{a} \\times _{Y^{a}} Y^{b}$ is a fibration in ${\\mathcal{C}}^{I}$ which is trivial if $f$ or $p$ is, the result then follows from 4.2.2 in [@H].\\\nStep 2. ",
"The general case.\\\nLet $I^+$ be the direct subcategory of $I$ used to define the Reedy category structure on $I$. The inclusion functor $I^+\\to I$ induces the restriction functor $T_{{\\mathcal{C}}}:{\\mathcal{C}}^I\\to{\\mathcal{C}}^{I^+}$ which preserves and reflects (trivial) cofibrations.\\\nFor $f:a {\\longrightarrow}b$ in ${\\mathcal{M}}$ and $g:X {\\longrightarrow}Y$ in ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$ (resp. ",
"${\\mathcal{C}}^{I^+}$), let $$f \\diamond g : a {\\otimes}Y \\coprod_{a{\\otimes}X} b {\\otimes}X {\\longrightarrow}b{\\otimes}Y$$ Assume that $f$ is a cofibration in ${\\mathcal{M}}$ and $g$ is a cofibration in ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$, $T$ preserves (trivial) cofibrations. ",
"By step 1, $T_{{\\mathcal{C}}}(f)\\diamond g$ is a cofibrations which is trivial if $f$ or $g$ is, or $$T_{{\\mathcal{C}}}(f)\\diamond g=T_{{\\mathcal{C}}}(f \\diamond g)$$ and $T$ reflects (trivial) cofibrations, thus $f\\diamond g$ is a cofibration which is trivial if $f$ or $g$ is.",
"\n\n\\[l7\\] Assume that ${\\mathcal{M}}$ is a closed symmetric monoidal model category, ${\\mathcal{C}}$ is a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}$-model category and $I$ is a Reedy category, then, with the Reedy model category structure on ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$ and ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$, the adjunction $(\\otimes,hom_l,hom_r)$ given by lemma \\[l3\\] is a Quillen adjunction of two variables from ${\\mathcal{M}}^I\\times {\\mathcal{C}}$ to $ {\\mathcal{C}}^I$. Step 1: $I$ is direct\\\nLet $f:a\\to b$ be cofibration in ${\\mathcal{C}}$ and $g:X\\to Y$ be a fibration in ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$. ${\\mathcal{C}}$ is a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}$-model category and $g_i:X_i\\to Y_i$ is a fibration in ${\\mathcal{C}}$, thus the map $$map_{{\\mathcal{C}}}(b,X_i)\\to map_{{\\mathcal{C}}}(a,X_i)\\times_{ map_{{\\mathcal{C}}}(a,Y_i)}map_{{\\mathcal{C}}}(b,Y_i)$$ is a fibration which is trivial if $f$ or $g$ is, thus, the map\n\n$$hom_r(b,X)\\to hom_r(a,X)\\times_{ hom_r(a,Y)}hom_r(b,Y)$$\n\nis a fibration in ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$ which is trivial if $f$ or $g$ is.\\\nStep 2: The general case\\\nLet $I^+$ be the direct subcategory of $I$ used to define the Reedy category structure on $I$. The inclusion functor $I^+\\to I$ induces restriction functors $T_{{\\mathcal{M}}}:{\\mathcal{M}}^I\\to{\\mathcal{M}}^{I^+}$ and $T_{{\\mathcal{C}}}:{\\mathcal{C}}^I\\to{\\mathcal{C}}^{I^+}$ which preserve and reflect (trivial) cofibrations.\\\nFor $f:A\\to B$ in ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$ (resp. ",
"${\\mathcal{M}}^{I^+}$) and $g:c\\to d$ in ${\\mathcal{C}}$, let $$f\\diamond g:A\\otimes d\\coprod_{A\\otimes c} B\\otimes c\\to B\\otimes d$$ be the the pushout-product of $f$ and $g$. Suppose that $f $ is a cofibration in ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$ and $g$ is a cofibration in ${\\mathcal{C}}$.\n\n$$T_{{\\mathcal{C}}}(f\\diamond g)=T_{{\\mathcal{M}}}(f)\\diamond g$$ $T_{{\\mathcal{M}}}$ preserves (trivial) cofibration, by step 1., ",
"$T_{{\\mathcal{M}}}(f)\\diamond g$ is a cofibration which is trivial if $f$ or $g$ is. ",
"$T_{{\\mathcal{C}}}$ reflects (trivial) cofibration, thus $f\\diamond g$ is a cofibration which is trivial if $f$ or $g$ is. ",
"It follows that the adjunction $(\\otimes,hom_{{\\mathcal{C}}},hom_r)$ is a Quillen adjunction.",
"\n\nThe closed ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$-model structure on ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$ {#s5}\n=================================================================\n\nLet $I$, ${\\mathcal{M}}$ and ${\\mathcal{C}}$ be as in the previous section, $hom_l$ the functor defined in Section \\[s3\\] and $map_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}$ the functor defined in Section \\[s4\\], the functor $$\\begin{array}{rrcllll}\n \\otimes:&{\\mathcal{M}}^I\\times {\\mathcal{C}}^I & \\to & {\\mathcal{C}}^I& & &\\\\\n &(M, C) & \\longmapsto & M\\otimes C:&I&\\to&{\\mathcal{C}}\\\\\n & & & &i&\\longmapsto& M_i\\otimes C_i\\\\\n \\end{array}$$ defines an ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$-module structure on ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$, we want to show that the action is two sided closed, i.e. there exist two functors\n\n$$\\mbox{Hom}:({\\mathcal{M}}^I)^{op}\\times{\\mathcal{C}}^I\\to{\\mathcal{C}}^I$$ and $$\\mbox{Map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}:({\\mathcal{C}}^I)^{op}\\times{\\mathcal{C}}^I\\to{\\mathcal{M}}^I$$ such that there are natural isomorphisms\n\n$${\\mathcal{C}}^I(M\\otimes X,Y)\\cong {\\mathcal{C}}^I(X,\\mbox{Hom}(M,Y))\\cong {\\mathcal{M}}^I(M,\\mbox{Map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}(X,Y))$$ We use Yoneda’s Lemmas \\[l2\\] and \\[l4\\] to construct these functors and use Yoneda’s reduction \\[l5\\] to prove that they satisfy the desired properties, to start with, assume that these functors exist. ",
"For $c \\in {\\mathcal{C}}$, $M, N \\in {\\mathcal{M}}^I$ and $X\\in {\\mathcal{C}}^I$ one has\n\n$$\\begin{array}{rclr}\n{\\mathcal{C}}(c,hom_l(N,Hom(M,X))))&\\cong&{\\mathcal{C}}^I(N\\otimes c, Hom(M,X)) & (\\mbox{by Lemma \\ref{l3}})\\\\\n &\\cong& {\\mathcal{C}}^I(M\\otimes N\\otimes c,X)&\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{C}}(c,hom_l(M\\otimes N,X))&\n\\end{array}$$ Thus, ${\\displaystyle}{hom_l(N,Hom(M,X))\\cong hom_l(M\\otimes N,X)}$. By taking $N=h_i$ and using lemma \\[l2\\], one gets $$Hom(M,X)_i\\cong hom_l(M\\otimes h_i,X).$$ Define $$\\begin{array}{rrcllll} \n \\mbox{Hom}:&({\\mathcal{M}}^I)^{op}\\times{\\mathcal{C}}^I&\\to&{\\mathcal{C}}^I&&&\\\\\n &(M,X)&\\longmapsto&\\mbox{Hom}(M,X):&I&\\to&{\\mathcal{C}}\\\\\n & & & &i&\\longmapsto&\\mbox{hom}_l(M\\otimes h_i,X)\\\\\n\\end{array}$$ Similarly, for $m\\in{\\mathcal{M}}, M\\in{\\mathcal{M}}^I$ and $X,Y\\in{\\mathcal{C}}^I$ $$\\begin{array}{rclr}\n{\\mathcal{M}}(m,\\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{M}}^I}(M,\\mbox{Map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}(X,Y)))&\\cong&{\\mathcal{M}}^I(m\\otimes M, \\mbox{Map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}(X,Y)) & (\\mbox{by Lemma \\ref{l1}})\\\\\n &\\cong& {\\mathcal{C}}^I(m\\otimes M\\otimes X,Y)&\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{M}}(m,\\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}(M\\otimes X,Y))& (\\mbox{by Lemma \\ref{l6}})\n\\end{array}$$ It follows that $$\\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{M}}^I}(M,\\mbox{Map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}(X,Y))\\cong \\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}(M\\otimes X,Y).$$ By taking $M=h_i$ and applying lemma \\[l2\\], we get $$\\mbox{Map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}(X,Y)_i \\cong \\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}(h_i\\otimes X,Y).$$ Define $$\\begin{array}{rrcllll} \n \\mbox{Map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}:&({\\mathcal{C}}^I)^{op}\\times{\\mathcal{C}}^I&\\to&{\\mathcal{M}}^I&&&\\\\\n &(X,Y)&\\longmapsto&\\mbox{Map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}(X,Y):&I&\\to&{\\mathcal{M}}\\\\\n & & & &i&\\longmapsto&\\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}(h_i\\otimes X,Y)\\\\\n\\end{array}$$\n\n\\[p2\\] The above three functors define a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$-module structure on ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$.\n\nLet $M\\in{\\mathcal{M}}^I$, $X$, $Y\\in{\\mathcal{C}}^I$ $$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathcal{M}}^I(M,\\mbox{Map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}(X,Y))&\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{M}}(M_i,\\mbox{Map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}(X,Y)_i)\\\\\n &\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{M}}(M_i,\\mbox{map}_{{\\mathcal{C}}^I}(h_i\\otimes X,Y)\\\\\n &\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{C}}^I( M_i\\otimes h_i\\otimes X,Y) \\mbox{(by Lemma \\ref{l6})}\\\\\n &\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{C}}^I( h_i\\otimes M_i\\otimes X,Y)\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{C}}^I(\\int^i h_i\\otimes M_i\\otimes X,Y)\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{C}}^I((\\int^i h_i\\otimes M_i)\\otimes X,Y)\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{C}}^I(M\\otimes X,Y)\\mbox{(by Yoneda coreduction \\ref{l0})} \\end{aligned}$$ $$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\mathcal{C}}^I(X,\\mbox{Hom}(M,Y))&\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{C}}(X_i,\\mbox{Hom}(M,Y)_i)\\\\\n &\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{C}}(X_i,\\mbox{hom}_l(M\\otimes h_i,Y))\\\\\n &\\cong&\\int_i{\\mathcal{C}}^I(M\\otimes h_i\\otimes X_i,Y) \\mbox{(by Lemma \\ref{l3})}\\\\\n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{C}}^I(\\int^i M\\otimes h_i\\otimes X_i,Y)\\\\ \n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{C}}^I(M\\otimes\\int^i h_i\\otimes X_i,Y)\\\\ \n &\\cong&{\\mathcal{C}}^I(M\\otimes X,Y) \\mbox{(by Yoneda coreduction \\ref{l5})}\\end{aligned}$$\n\nThe following Lemma is proved in [@GK].",
"\n\n\\[l8\\] Let $I$ be a direct category, ${\\mathcal{M}}$ a closed symmetric monoidal model category with cofibrant unit $k$, $p, q \\in I$ and $f: a{\\longrightarrow}b$ a (trivial) cofibration in ${\\mathcal{M}}$, then, with the Reedy model category structure\n\n1. ",
" $ h_{p} {\\otimes}h_{q}$ is cofibrant\n\n2. ",
" $h_{p} {\\otimes}h_{q} {\\otimes}f: h_{p} {\\otimes}h_{q} {\\otimes}a {\\longrightarrow}h_{p} {\\otimes}h_{q} {\\otimes}b $ is a (trivial) cofibration in ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$.\n\n\\[t1\\] Let $I$ be a Reedy category, ${\\mathcal{M}}$ a cofibrantly generated closed symmetric monoidal model category with cofibrant unit $k$ and ${\\mathcal{C}}$ a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}$-model category, then ${\\mathcal{C}}^{I}$ is a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}^{I}$- model category.",
"\n\nBy \\[p2\\], ${\\mathcal{C}}^{I}$ is a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}^{I}$-module, the unit axiom clearly holds, we prove the pushout-product axiom.\\\nStep 1: $I$ is direct and ${\\mathcal{M}}$.\\\nBy Remark 5.1.8 in [@H], ${\\mathcal{M}}^{I}$ is cofibrantly generated with generating (trivial) cofibrations are the maps $$h_{q} {\\otimes}f:h_{q} {\\otimes}a {\\longrightarrow}h_{q} {\\otimes}b$$ where $f:a{\\longrightarrow}b$ is a generating (trivial) cofibration ${\\mathcal{M}}$ and $q\\in I$, so let $f$ be such a map, $q\\in I$ and $g:X {\\longrightarrow}Y$ a fibration in ${\\mathcal{C}}^{I}$, by Lemma \\[l8\\]\n\n$$h_{q} {\\otimes}f {\\otimes}h_{p}:h_{q} {\\otimes}a {\\otimes}h_{p} {\\longrightarrow}h_{q} {\\otimes}b {\\otimes}h_{p}$$ is a (trivial) cofibration in ${\\mathcal{M}}^I$ and by Lemma \\[l7\\] ,\n\n$$hom_l(h_{q}{\\otimes}b {\\otimes}h_{p},X){\\longrightarrow}hom_l (h_{q} {\\otimes}a {\\otimes}h_{p},X)\\times_{hom_l(h_{q} {\\otimes}a {\\otimes}h_{p},Y)}hom_l(h_{q}{\\otimes}b {\\otimes}h_{p},Y)$$ is a fibration in ${\\mathcal{C}}$ which is trivial if $f$ or $p$ is, it follows that\n\n$$Hom( h_{q} {\\otimes}b,X){\\longrightarrow}Hom( h_{q} {\\otimes}a,X) \\times_{Hom( h_{q} {\\otimes}a,Y)}\nHom( h_{q} {\\otimes}b,Y)$$ is a fibration in ${\\mathcal{C}}^I$ which is trivial if $f$ or $p$ is, therefore ${\\mathcal{C}}^{I}$ is a closed ${\\mathcal{M}}^{I}$- model category.\\\nStep 2: $I$ is an arbitrary Reedy category.\\\nAn argument that uses step 1 and strictly similar to the one used in step 2 in the proof of \\[l7\\] shows the desired result.\\\n\n\\[r1\\] The notion of Reedy categories was extended to an interesting wider class of small categories, while keeping true the main theorem about model categories [@BM], their generalized categories apply to many new interesting cases occurring in topology. ",
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"London Math. ",
"Soc. ",
"80, 2000. ",
"D. White, Model Structures on Commutative Monoids in General Model Categories, preprint, 2016.",
"\n"
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"Epidermal growth factor receptor targeting of replication competent adenovirus enhances cytotoxicity in bladder cancer.",
"\nWe evaluated the delivery and oncolytic potential of targeted replication competent adenoviruses in bladder cancer lines. ",
"Seven established human bladder cancer tumor lines (5637, SW800, TCCsup, J82, Scaber, T24 and 253J) were studied for the expression of integrins alpha(v)beta3, alpha(v)beta5, Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule antigens using flow cytometry analysis. ",
"Bispecific single chain Fv fragments were used to target replication deficient luciferase reporter adenovirus to EGF-R (425-s11) or to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (C28-s11) antigens. ",
"Moreover, a fiber modified adenovirus targeting alpha(v)-integrins was studied. ",
"Replication competent serotype-5 adenoviruses attenuated to replicate specifically in retinoblastoma pRb (Ad5-d24) or p53 deficient (Ad5-d55K) cells were tested in vitro for oncolytic properties. ",
"Low to absent Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor expression was found in 5 of the 7 tumor lines (SW800, J82, T24, 5637 and Scaber). ",
"EGF-R expression was found in all cell lines, whereas elevated epithelial cell adhesion molecule expression was seen in 3 (5637, Scaber and TCCsup), alpha(v)beta3-integrin was found in 1 (Scaber) and alpha(v)beta5-integrin was found in 3 (TCCsup, 253J and T24). ",
"EGF-R targeting using 425-s11 improved transgene expression in all cell lines from 2.1 to 12.5 times over nontargeted viruses. ",
"Epithelial cell adhesion molecule and integrin targeting was inferior to EGF-R targeting with a maximal increase in transgene expression of 2 times for epithelial cell adhesion molecule in 5637cells and 1.6 times for integrin targeting in T24 cells. ",
"Comparison of the wild-type replication competent virus with conditionally replicating adenoviruses (Ad5-d55K and Ad5-d24) showed superior oncolytic activity for the latter 2 in all lines. ",
"Furthermore, improved cytotoxicity (29% to 33%) was obtained in 4 of the 7 lines after pre-incubation of Ad5-d24 with 425-s11. ",
"EGF-R directed bispecific single chain antibodies enhance adenovirus mediated transgene expression and oncolysis in bladder cancer lines."
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"SS Clan Mackinnon\n\nThree steamships of the Clan Line were named Clan Mackinnon.",
"\n\n, in service 1891–1902, sold to Furness, Withy & Co Ltd.\n, in service 1902–27, sold to Finland.",
"\n, in service 1946–55, transferred to Houston Line.",
"\n\nCategory:Ship names"
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[
"**2.",
"\n-2*i**2\nCollect the terms in -51*a + 6*a + 8*a + 31*a.",
"\n-6*a\nCollect the terms in 28*v**3 - 8*v**3 - 14*v**3.",
"\n6*v**3\nCollect the terms in 316*o**2 - 320*o**2 - 26 + 26.",
"\n-4*o**2\nCollect the terms in -59*z + 192*z - 67*z - 63*z.",
"\n3*z\nCollect the terms in 6*u - 4*u - 11 + 7 + 11.",
"\n2*u + 7\nCollect the terms in -l + 432*l**3 + 5*l - 4*l - 433*l**3.",
"\n-l**3\nCollect the terms in 12*d**2 - 28*d**2 - 7*d**2.",
"\n-23*d**2\nCollect the terms in -r - 710 + 710.",
"\n-r\nCollect the terms in 173 - 173 + 66*h.",
"\n66*h\nCollect the terms in 2186*c**2 - 41*c**3 - 2186*c**2.",
"\n-41*c**3\nCollect the terms in -7*a**3 + 71*a + 64*a - 135*a.",
"\n-7*a**3\nCollect the terms in 3*g + 646 - 646.",
"\n3*g\nCollect the terms in 22*s**2 + 11*s**2 - 4*s**2 + 7*s**2 - 2.",
"\n36*s**2 - 2\nCollect the terms in 1 + 194*f - 194*f + 5*f**2 - 1.",
"\n5*f**2\nCollect the terms in -205*h + 406*h - 198*h.",
"\n3*h\nCollect the terms in 2 - 25*w**2 - 2 + 287*w**2.",
"\n262*w**2\nCollect the terms in 146 - 2*l - 254 + 2*l - 2*l + 135.",
"\n-2*l + 27\nCollect the terms in -64 + 0*a - 12*a + 64.",
"\n-12*a\nCollect the terms in -3*x**2 - 1 + 347*x**3 + 1.",
"\n347*x**3 - 3*x**2\nCollect the terms in -21*t**3 + 12*t**3 + 13*t**3.",
"\n4*t**3\nCollect the terms in -2*x**2 + 58*x**3 + 2*x**2 - 4*x**3.",
"\n54*x**3\nCollect the terms in 5*p + 5 - 4 + 3 + 0.",
"\n5*p + 4\nCollect the terms in -1443*h**2 + 0*h + 0*h + 1434*h**2.",
"\n-9*h**2\nCollect the terms in 8*f - 4 + 24 - 22.",
"\n8*f - 2\nCollect the terms in -1341160*t - 2*t**2 + 1341160*t.",
"\n-2*t**2\nCollect the terms in 349*j**2 - 706*j**2 + 352*j**2.",
"\n-5*j**2\nCollect the terms in 17*h - 41*h + 21*h.",
"\n-3*h\nCollect the terms in -60*n**2 - 59*n**2 + 122*n**2.",
"\n3*n**2\nCollect the terms in 3*u**3 - 27*u + 27*u - 4*u**3.",
"\n-u**3\nCollect the terms in 2*s**3 - 81 + 37 + 44 + 0*s**3.",
"\n2*s**3\nCollect the terms in -2*l**3 + 275737*l**2 - 275737*l**2.",
"\n-2*l**3\nCollect the terms in 2*r**3 + 8*r**2 + 1321 - 8*r**2 - 1321.",
"\n2*r**3\nCollect the terms in 25271*a**2 + 2 - 2 - 25273*a**2.",
"\n-2*a**2\nCollect the terms in 7*a + 2*a - 7*a.",
"\n2*a\nCollect the terms in 22*r**2 - 8*r**2 - 7*r**2.",
"\n7*r**2\nCollect the terms in -2*g**2 + 2*g**2 + 4*g**2.",
"\n4*g**2\nCollect the terms in -88*m - 24*m + 42*m - 2 - 67*m.",
"\n-137*m - 2\nCollect the terms in 12*c**3 - 44*c**3 + 12*c**3 + 15*c**3 + 4*c**3.",
"\n-c**3\nCollect the terms in 0*b**2 + 2*b**2 - 4*b**2 + 0*b**2.",
"\n-2*b**2\nCollect the terms in 49*g**3 + 48*g**3 + 48*g**3 - 207*g**3 + 57*g**3.",
"\n-5*g**3\nCollect the terms in c**3 - 3203*c + 3203*c.",
"\nc**3\nCollect the terms in 58*o**3 - 3*o + 2*o + o.\n58*o**3\nCollect the terms in -18*a**3 - 5*a**3 + 44*a**3.",
"\n21*a**3\nCollect the terms in -8*d + 11*d - 35 + 24 + 11.",
"\n3*d\nCollect the terms in 9*h**2 + 2*h - 2*h + 7*h**2.",
"\n16*h**2\nCollect the terms in 5*z - 6*z + 5*z + 2*z.",
"\n6*z\nCollect the terms in 3*m**3 + 4*m**3 - 12*m**3 - 3*m**3.",
"\n-8*m**3\nCollect the terms in 11*x - 9*x - 7*x.",
"\n-5*x\nCollect the terms in 0*v**3 - 20*v**3 + 23*v**3.",
"\n3*v**3\nCollect the terms in 17*w + 4*w - 19*w.",
"\n2*w\nCollect the terms in 5*r**3 + 0*r**3 - 3*r**3.",
"\n2*r**3\nCollect the terms in -474*c**2 + 234*c**2 + 242*c**2 - 6.",
"\n2*c**2 - 6\nCollect the terms in 7*u + 2*u - 3260 + 3260.",
"\n9*u\nCollect the terms in -12*l**2 + 10 + 13*l**2 - 10.",
"\nl**2\nCollect the terms in -179*f**2 + 101*f**2 + 79*f**2.",
"\nf**2\nCollect the terms in 138 - 8*k**3 - 138.",
"\n-8*k**3\nCollect the terms in -7*r**2 - 504538 + 504538.",
"\n-7*r**2\nCollect the terms in 10*c**2 + 5*c**2 - 6*c**2 + 0*c**2.",
"\n9*c**2\nCollect the terms in -191*d - 221*d + 430*d.",
"\n18*d\nCollect the terms in -9*u**3 + 5 + 31*u**3 - 3.",
"\n22*u**3 + 2\nCollect the terms in -2*t**2 + 0*t**2 + 26*t**2.",
"\n24*t**2\nCollect the terms in 11*v - 6*v**2 - 10*v + 7*v**2.",
"\nv**2 + v\nCollect the terms in -50*y**2 + 25*y**2 + 26*y**2.",
"\ny**2\nCollect the terms in 66*p + 60*p + 69*p - 198*p.",
"\n-3*p\nCollect the terms in 2*l + 48195 - 48195.",
"\n2*l\nCollect the terms in -55*w**2 + 151*w**2 - 50*w**2 - 47*w**2.",
"\n-w**2\nCollect the terms in 27*c**3 + 26*c**3 - 54*c**3.",
"\n-c**3\nCollect the terms in -9 + 0 + n**2 + 9.",
"\nn**2\nCollect the terms in 4994 + 9*z**3 - 4994 + z**2 - z**2.",
"\n9*z**3\nCollect the terms in 2*m**2 + 275*m - 98*m - 106*m - 71*m.",
"\n2*m**2\nCollect the terms in 7*s - 59 + 7*s + 59.",
"\n14*s\nCollect the terms in 113*y**3 - 3*y**3 - 505*y**3.",
"\n-395*y**3\nCollect the terms in -6*w**3 + 12*w**3 + 0*w**3 - 4*w**3.",
"\n2*w**3\nCollect the terms in -8*z + 4*z - z + 3*z.",
"\n-2*z\nCollect the terms in -227*s + 115*s + 113*s.",
"\ns\nCollect the terms in 2*m - 456302 + 456302.",
"\n2*m\nCollect the terms in 252*y**2 + 250*y**2 - 487*y**2.",
"\n15*y**2\nCollect the terms in 28*f**2 - 11*f**2 - 33*f**3 - 17*f**2.",
"\n-33*f**3\nCollect the terms in 11445 - 8*t - 11445.",
"\n-8*t\nCollect the terms in -381*g**3 - 9*g**2 + 950*g**3 + 11*g**2.",
"\n569*g**3 + 2*g**2\nCollect the terms in -3385351 + 3385351 + 0*m**2 - 3*m**2.",
"\n-3*m**2\nCollect the terms in -7*g**3 + 5*g + 0*g**3 + 0*g**3.",
"\n-7*g**3 + 5*g\nCollect the terms in 48*c + 64*c - 200*c + 42*c + 49*c.",
"\n3*c\nCollect the terms in 293 - 293 + 33799*d - 33802*d.",
"\n-3*d\nCollect the terms in 166 - 83 - 83 - 2*d**2.",
"\n-2*d**2\nCollect the terms in m**3 - 11*m - 3*m**2 + 3*m**2.",
"\nm**3 - 11*m\nCollect the terms in -2*w**2 + 363*w - 14*w**2 - 363*w.",
"\n-16*w**2\nCollect the terms in -35995 + 35995 - 8*r**2.",
"\n-8*r**2\nCollect the terms in -4*k**3 + 45 - 45 + 3*k**3.",
"\n-k**3\nCollect the terms in -17*f**3 - 25*f**3 - 9*f**3 + 52*f**3.",
"\nf**3\nCollect the terms in -30*n**3 - 210*n**2 + 210*n**2 + 42*n**3.",
"\n12*n**3\nCollect the terms in -4*s + 4*s + 6*s**2.",
"\n6*s**2\nCollect the terms in 4*u + 10*u + 21*u + 6*u.",
"\n41*u\nCollect the terms in -2*n**2 + n + 0*n**2 - 6*n - 3*n**2 - n.\n-5*n**2 - 6*n\nCollect the terms in -2*w**3 - 21*w - 42*w - 41*w.",
"\n-2*w**3 - 104*w\nCollect the terms in 2*p**3 - 10*p - 10*p + 7*p + 0*p**3.",
"\n2*p**3 - 13*p\nCollect the terms in -1 - 82*o + 1 + 2 + 0*o.",
"\n-82*o + 2\nCollect the terms in -9*g**2 - 2432 + 2432.",
"\n-9*g**2\nCollect the terms in -14*m + 0*m - 6*m.",
"\n-20*m\nCollect the terms in 0*h - 78*h + 64*h.",
"\n-14*h\nCollect the terms in 73*n**2 - 28*n**2 - 44*n**2.",
"\nn**2\nCollect the terms in -73*h**3 - 69*h**3 + 140*h**3.",
"\n-2*h**3\nCollect the terms in -20*x + 4*x + 15*x.",
"\n-x\nCollect the terms in 5*b**3 - 29*b + 53*b - 24*b - 2*b**3.",
"\n3*b**3\nCollect the terms in 9*w**2 - 4*w**2 + 11*w**2 - 4*w**2.",
"\n12*w**2\nCollect the terms in 5*p**3 - 3*p**3 + 40*p**3.",
"\n42*p**3\nCollect the terms in -15*g**3 + 8*g**3 - 5*g**3 - 28*g**3.",
"\n-40*g**3\nCollect the terms in -16*h - 741 + 741.",
"\n-16*h\nCollect the terms in -11*o**2 - 6*o**2 + 7*o**2.",
"\n-10*o**2\nCollect the terms in 46*c**2 - 36*c**2 - 53*c**2.",
"\n-43*c**2\nCollect the terms in -3633 - s**2 + 3633.",
"\n-s**2\nCollect the terms in 0 + 5*z**2 + 3 - 3*z**2 + 0*z**2.",
"\n2*z**2 + 3\nCollect the terms in 7*j**2 + 224*j - 9*j**2 - 224*j.",
"\n-2*j**2\nCollect the terms in -8 + 8 - 2*v**2.",
"\n-2*v**2\nCollect the terms in -299 - 8*q**2 + 299 + 12*q**2.",
"\n4*q**2\nCollect the terms in 127*b - 52*b - 39*b - 52*b.",
"\n-16*b\nCollect the terms in 38*b**2 - 23*b**2 - 11*b**2.",
"\n4*b**2\nCollect the terms in -51*x**2 - 4 + 4.",
"\n-51*x**2\nCollect the terms in -359*n + 178*n - 2*n**2 + 181*n.",
"\n-2*n**2\nCollect the terms in 7*l**3 - 133 + 133 - 2*l**3.",
"\n5*l**3\nCollect the terms in -134 + 76 + 58 + a.\na\nCollect the terms in 5*x**2 - x**2 - x**2.",
"\n3*x**2\nCollect the terms in 2 - 2 - 13*q - 5*q + 7*q.",
"\n-11*q\nCollect the terms in -25834 + 25834 + 4*p**2.",
"\n4*p**2\nCollect the terms in 4*r + 3*r**2 - 7*r + 3*r.",
"\n3*r**2\nCollect the terms in 3*r + 6*r + 0*r.",
"\n9*r\nCollect the terms in 11*u**2 - 11*u**2 - u**2.",
"\n-u**2\nCollect the terms in -2*a**3 + 5*a**3 - 6*a**3 - 3*a**3.",
"\n-6*a**3\nCollect the terms in l**2 + 0*l**2 - 6*l**2.",
"\n-5*l**2\nCollect the terms in 48*s**2 + 49*s**2 - 132*s**2 + 39*s**2.",
"\n4*s**2\nCollect the terms in 17*m**2 - m - 3*m - 20*m**2.",
"\n-3*m**2 - 4*m\nCollect the terms in -1368 + 1368 - 5*p.",
"\n-5*p\nCollect the terms in -220 - 8*z + 220.",
"\n-8*z\nCollect the terms in -3*i**2 + 523 - 523.",
"\n-3*i**2\nCollect the terms in -38*c + 15*c + 12*c + 9*c.",
"\n-2*c\nCollect the terms in 2013*a**2 - 2027*a**2 + 2*a + 4*a.",
"\n-14*a**2 + 6*a\nCollect the terms in 1 - 595087*r + 595087*r + r**3 - 1.",
"\nr**3\nCollect the terms in 2 + 5*n + 0*n + 0.",
"\n5*n + 2\nCollect the terms in -41*p**3 + 15*p**3 - 17*p**3.",
"\n-43*p**3\nCollect the terms in 13*p + 4*p + 5*p - 17*p.",
"\n5*p\nCollect the terms in 27*y**3 - 3*y**3 + 0*y**3.",
"\n24*y**3\nCollect the terms in 14 + 91*a**2 - 90*a**2 - 6 - 8.",
"\na**2\nCollect the terms in 48*i - 107*i + 57*i.",
"\n-2*i\nCollect the terms in 6*b**2 - "
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[
"Potential availability of heavy metals to phytoextraction from contaminated soils induced by exogenous humic substances.",
"\nEffective phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals depends on their availability to plant uptake that, in turn, may be influenced by either the existing soil humus or an exogenous humic matter. ",
"We amended an organic and a mineral soil with an exogenous humic acid (HA) in order to enhance the soil organic carbon (SOC) content by 1% and 2%. ",
"The treated soils were further enriched with heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni) to a concentration of 0, 10, 20, and 40 microg/g for each metal and allowed to age at room temperature for 1 and 2 months. ",
"After each period, they were extracted for readily soluble and exchangeable (2.5% acetic acid), plant-available (DTPA, Diethylentriaminepentaacetic acid), and occluded (1 N HNO(3)) metal species. ",
"Addition of HA generally reduced the extractability of the soluble and exchangeable forms of metals. ",
"This effect was directly related to the amount of added HA and increased with ageing time. ",
"Conversely, the potentially plant-available metals extracted with DTPA were generally larger with increasing additions of exogenous HA solutions. ",
"This was attributed to the formation of metal-humic complexes, which ensured a temporary bioavailability of metals and prevented their rapid transformation into insoluble species. ",
"Extractions with 1 N HNO(3) further indicated that the added metals were present in complexes with HA. ",
"The observed effects appeared to also depend on the amount of native SOC and its structural changes with ageing. ",
"The results suggest that soil amendments with exogenous humic matter may accelerate the phytoremediation of heavy metals from contaminated soil, while concomitantly prevent their environmental mobility."
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[
"Teachers who work with English as a Second Language learners will find ESL/ESOL/ELL/EFL reading/writing skill-building children's books, stories, activities, ideas, strategies to help PreK-3, 4-8, and 9-12 students learn to read.",
"\n\nA bilingual site for families and educators of English language learners\n\nParent Tips: How to Help Your Child Prepare for Standardized Tests\n\nStandardized tests currently play a major role in the United States public schools. ",
"Your child may take one or more standardized tests during the school year, and your child's teacher may spend class time on test preparation throughout the year. ",
"As a parent, there are a number of ways that you can support your child before and after taking a standardized test, as well as a number of ways you can support your child's learning habits on a daily basis that will help her be more prepared when it's time to be tested.",
"\n\nWhile many parents, educators, school leaders, and policymakers disagree about the kinds of tests administered, how the scores should be used, and how frequently students should be tested, it is important to be supportive of your child's efforts on standardized tests, and to help her do her best. ",
"You can also learn more about testing from teachers, parent liaisons, and your local PTA organization to better understand how testing is being carried out at your child's school, and how the results are being used.",
"\n\nPlease note that these tips have been adapted from articles published by Scholastic, Inc., the National Parent Teacher Association, and the International Reading Association, and that the sources are indicated after each section of tips.",
"\n\nBefore the Test\n\nBe prepared\n\nMany teachers will send information home about testing schedules and class preparation plans. ",
"Information that you should know includes:\n\nWhat is the test and what will it measure?",
"\n\nWill the test results affect your child, school, or both?",
"\n\nAre there ways that you can help your child prepare for the test? (",
"Narang, 2008).",
"\n\nHelp your child in areas that are difficult for her\n\nIf your child has struggled with a particular area or subject in the past, you may be able to help her overcome some of that difficulty by providing some extra practice. ",
"Many workbooks target test preparation by offering practice exercises and questions like the ones students see on the test. ",
"Focus your practice on your child's weaknesses rather than her strengths so that she doesn't get bored with the exercises (Narang, 2008).",
"\n\nGive your child a chance to practice\n\nIf your child has trouble taking tests, try practicing test questions and studying new words. ",
"Your child's school or the library may have some samples to use. ",
"Keep the sessions short, and set small, manageable goals so that the extra practice boosts your child's confidence (Narang, 2008).",
"\n\nIf you have concerns about the test or testing situation, talk with your child's teacher\n\nDiscuss your concerns with the teacher and/or school administrator. ",
"If you're not satisfied with the outcome, however, you can reach out to some other organizations that monitor testing, including your local PTA, The National Center for Fair & Open Testing or the ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation (Narang, 2008).",
"\n\nIf you believe that your child's difficulty with standardized tests may be the symptom of a problem such as a language or learning difficulty, speak with your child's teacher to learn if your child qualifies for any assessment accommodations.",
"\n\nOn Test Day\n\nMake sure your child gets a good night's sleep and eats a healthy breakfast\n\nMany teachers report that students who don't do well on tests haven't gotten enough sleep, and haven't eaten breakfast on the morning of the test. ",
"Doing both of these things will ensure that your child is working at full capacity (Narang, 2008).",
"\n\nMake sure your child is prepared\n\nSome schools may supply the tools your child needs for the test, such as pencils, an eraser, paper, and a calculator. ",
"Others may require the students to bring those materials themselves. ",
"Check with your child's teacher to see if you need to provide your child with any of these materials. ",
"Also, check to see whether you child will be able to make up the test if she is sick on test day (Narang, 2008).",
"\n\nRemain positive\n\nStaying calm will help your child stay calm. ",
"If she gets nervous about the test or is likely to experience anxiety during the test, help her practice some relaxation techniques that she can try once she's taking the test (Narang, 2008).",
"\n\nAfter the Test\n\nWhat about the results?",
"\n\nAssessments vary from test to test, but the test scores should include information that helps you interpret the results. ",
"Talk with your child's teacher if you have any questions about the test results. ",
"You may also suggest that the school offer a testing information session to parents (Narang, 2008).",
"\n\nReview tests with your child\n\nHelp your child review any parts of the test that she did not understand (Narang, 2008).",
"\n\nOn a Daily Basis\n\nIn addition to these strategies, there are a number of ways that you can maximize your child's learning capabilities throughout the school year, which can lead to confident test-taking.",
"\nSome of these strategies include:\n\nAssisting your child with homework and ensuring that your child is completing all homework assignments\n\nHelping her to develop good study habits, thinking skills, and a positive attitude towards education from an early age\n\nEnsuring that your child has good attendance at school\n\nStaying in communication with your child's teacher\n\nEncouraging your child to read as much as possible, and to increase her vocabulary - even reading magazines, newspapers, and comic books regularly will help improve her reading skills\n\nFinally, remember that standardized tests and grading systems are not perfect; each format has its own limitations. ",
"As you help your child do her best on the tests she takes and in all of her schoolwork, also remind her that testing is just one part of her education. ",
"With your support and involvement, she will be well on her way to her own bright future.",
"\n\nColorín Colorado is a free web-based, bilingual service that provides information, activities, and advice for educators and Spanish-speaking families of English language learners (ELLs, also known as students of English as a second language).",
"\n\nColorín Colorado is produced by Reading Rockets — an educational service of WETA, the flagship public broadcasting station in the nation's capital. ",
"Original artwork by Caldecott Award-winning illustrator David Diaz is used with permission."
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"The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) defines cosmetics as articles for beautification, cleansing, or altering physical appearance. ",
"There have been multiple public health controversies surrounding cosmetics involving lip balms,1 lipsticks,2 and eyelash makeups adulterated with prostaglandins.3 In 2014, the FDA began investigating WEN by Chaz Dean Cleansing Conditioners after directly receiving 127 consumer reports. ",
"The FDA later learned the manufacturer had already received 21 000 complaints of alopecia and scalp irritation.4 The product remains on the market with the FDA currently soliciting additional consumer reports. ",
"To encourage greater transparency and more reporting, the FDA’s Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition’s Adverse Event Reporting System (CFSAN), a repository of adverse events related to foods, dietary supplements, and cosmetics, was made publically available in 2016. ",
"Our objective was to examine adverse events in CFSAN to inform future policymaking.",
"\n\nMethods\n\nWe extracted the entire CFSAN data file (2004-2016), including all voluntary submissions by consumers and health care professionals. ",
"We categorized all cosmetic-related adverse events by FDA-designated product class. ",
"For 5% of entries, no product class was identifiable. ",
"We collected self-reported adverse health outcomes (nonserious injury, serious injury, disability, congenital defects, or death) for each event. ",
"We used a logit transform to estimate 95% CIs for proportions, and a logistic regression model to compare the proportion of serious adverse health outcomes (serious injury, disability, congenital defect, or death) reported for each product class compared with the global average. ",
"Because this study used only publicly available data, it was exempt from Northwestern University institutional review board approval.",
"\n\nResults\n\nFrom 2004 to 2016, a total of 5144 events were submitted (an average of 396 events per year). ",
"From 2015 (n = 706) to 2016 (n = 1591), there was an increase in adverse events, specifically involving hair care products, compared with the average (Figure 1). ",
"Overall, the 3 most commonly implicated products were hair care (n = 1805), skin care (n = 1148), and tattoos (n = 388). ",
"Product classes with significantly higher than average (35.0%) reports of serious health outcomes were as follows: baby (51.8%; 95% CI, 44.2%-59.3%), unclassified (50.2%; 95% CI, 44.1%-56.3%), personal cleanliness (47.1%; 95% CI, 41.2%-53.2%), hair care (43.9%; 95% CI, 41.7%-46.2%), and hair coloring products (40.5%; 95% CI, 35.0%-46.1%) (Figure 2).",
"\n\nDiscussion\n\nBetter cosmetic surveillance is needed given their ubiquity and lack of a premarket approval pathway. ",
"Unlike devices, pharmaceuticals, and dietary supplements, cosmetic manufacturers have no legal obligation to forward adverse events to the FDA; CFSAN reflects only a small proportion of all events. ",
"The data suggest that consumers attribute a significant proportion of serious health outcomes to cosmetics. ",
"The lack of high-quality data leads to reactionary responses by the FDA subject to consumer pressure as evidenced by the WEN conditioners controversy. ",
"The first step to improve cosmetic safety is broader reporting, especially from manufacturers. ",
"Greater coordination with other databases (eg, National Poison Data System) may yield useful collateral information.",
"\n\nThere are several limitations to this analysis. ",
"Although the FDA removes duplicate reports, there is no causality determination and health outcomes are all self-reported. ",
"Demographic information is also limited to sex and age. ",
"Additional data on medical comorbidities or concomitant product use would be relevant. ",
"Finally, we cannot distinguish reports from consumers vs those from health care professionals.",
"\n\nIn 2014, the FDA expressed “profound disappointment”5 with the industry’s draft legislation to modernize cosmetics regulation and refused to invest additional taxpayer dollars for further negotiations. ",
"Since then, California’s Senator Diane Feinstein has introduced the Personal Care Products Safety Act (PCPSA)6 with a coalition of supporters. ",
"The bill’s key components include granting the FDA authority to recall unsafe cosmetics, mandatory manufacturer reporting of adverse events, and a yearly safety review of 5 ingredients. ",
"However, the law does not provide more investment to the National Toxicology Program for more rigorous scientific testing. ",
"For products blurring the line between drug and cosmetic (cosmeceuticals), a form of premarket approval should be considered. ",
"Ultimately, PCPSA is a first step in the right direction to protect consumers.",
"\n\nBack to top Article Information\n\nCorresponding Author: Shuai Xu MD, MSc, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N St Clair St, Ste 1600, Chicago, IL 60611 (stevexu@northwestern.edu).",
"\n\nAccepted for Publication: May 1, 2017.",
"\n\nPublished Online: June 26, 2017. ",
"doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.2762\n\nAuthor Contributions: Dr Xu and Mr Kwa had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.",
"\n\nStudy concept and design: Xu.",
"\n\nAcquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.",
"\n\nDrafting of the manuscript: Kwa, Xu.",
"\n\nCritical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.",
"\n\nStatistical analysis: All authors.",
"\n\nObtained funding: Welty, Xu.",
"\n\nAdministrative, technical, or material support: Xu.",
"\n\nConflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Xu reports an advisory role with Logical Images Inc, a healthcare diagnostic software firm. ",
"Dr Xu and Mr Kwa own an equity interest in a consumer-oriented online health resource providing evidence-based safe product recommendations to patients. ",
"The resource has no financial relationships with manufacturers. ",
"No other disclosures are reported.",
"\n\nFunding/Support: This study was supported by Northwestern University Department of Dermatology’s Education and Research Endowment Fund, Northwestern University’s Biostatistics Collaboration Core, and the Biostatistics Collaboration Center within the Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute.",
"\n\nRole of the Funder/Sponsor: The funding source had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.",
"\n\nReferences"
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"Simultaneous upper and lower endoscopic biopsy in the diagnosis of intestinal graft-versus-host disease.",
"\nGraft-versus-host disease in the upper gastrointestinal tract presents with anorexia, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. ",
"Because these symptoms are not specific, we have proposed that a diagnosis of upper GI GVHD requires histologic confirmation. ",
"However, the utility of upper endoscopy in the diagnosis of upper GI GVHD has not been examined. ",
"We report a retrospective analysis of 77 allogeneic bone marrow transplantation recipients who received simultaneous upper and lower GI tract biopsies. ",
"Upper GI GVHD was found in 44% of patients, of whom 59% also had a positive lower GI tract biopsy (P less than 0.001). ",
"Thirty-five percent of the patients with no clinical evidence of lower GI tract GVHD had symptomatic upper GI GVHD confirmed histologically. ",
"Patients with and without upper GI GVHD had no significant difference in their clinical symptoms or in their endoscopic findings. ",
"We found an association between upper GI and skin GVHD greater than stage I (P = 0.05), a trend to concordance between upper GI GVHD and clinical GVHD in the lower GI tract (P = 0.08), and with the overall clinical GVHD grade (P = 0.08) but no association with clinical liver involvement. ",
"Of these 77 patients, 16% had their treatment for acute GVHD changed to include systemic immunosuppression as a result of the upper GI endoscopic biopsy. ",
"In addition, 71% had other enteric pathology identified that required specific therapy. ",
"These data suggest that upper GI GVHD cannot be diagnosed accurately from its clinical presentation nor inferred from lower GI symptoms or from extraintestinal GVHD. ",
"Upper GI endoscopy with biopsy is an important tool in the diagnosis of intestinal GVHD."
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"IPL 2012 Live: Kolkata Knight Riders v Pune Warriors Preview\n\nIt will be Pune Warriors taking on Kolkata Knight Riders in the fifth season of the Indian Premier League on Saturday as two matches are scheduled for the day. ",
"The two teams are separated by a significant number of points on the points table.",
"\n\nPune Warriors have had a miserable time off late, losing four matches on the trot. ",
"With only eight points so far, the proposition of them having any chance of making it to the final four looks increasingly difficult.",
"\n\nAgainst Mumbai Indians, they fell short by one run and that defeat could ultimately prove costly. ",
"Captain Sourav Ganguly, criticized for his 24-ball 16 on Thursday, will be in action against his former franchise and will be hoping to make an impression together with Michael Clarke who seeks to drive his team back to winning ways.",
"\n\nJesse Ryder and Robin Uthappa will also need to be a bit more free in their approach to score runs that are expected off them in the early overs.",
"\n\nAt the other end of the spectrum are Kolkata Knight Riders who have been unbeaten in their last five matches – a record that sees them lift up in to second place.",
"\n\nWith 13 points already, and facing a weak opposition, the match could very well be their chance to impose their authority on one of the four semi-final spots. ",
"Gautam Gambhir, the captain, will be pleased with his own form as well as the team’s, after his half-century effort led the way to victory against Chennai Super Kings.",
"\n\nBrendon McCullum and Jacques Kallis are the other star performers with the bat while the bowling duties will rest with Sunil Narine and Brett Lee. ",
"The team overall bears a semblance of unity and consistency as they look forward to winning another match."
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"Even untold centuries of abandonment and neglect failed to stall the smooth operation of this ancient relay station. ",
"2-12 players\n\nTopping one of Forge World’s many rocky outcroppings, Pinnacle is familiar ground for any Halo 2 online veteran. ",
"A near perfect recreation of the fan favorite, Ascension, Pinnacle offers a multitude of routes perfectly suited for Slayer and Objective game types. ",
"And no, there is no Banshee on the map.",
"\n\nPinnacle is featured in the Rumble Pit, Team Slayer, Team Objective, Multi Team, Big Team Battle, Doubles Arena, and Team Arena Playlists."
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"The Saboteur™ in Review – like James Bond in the 1940s\n\nOne of the most romantic professions imaginable is the saboteur. ",
"Few people realise that aside from the CIA and its analogues around the world, spies are often ordinary citizens who take on extraordinary roles to protect their countries. ",
"They often have to act as saboteurs to help the advancement of the army and spread disarray to the enemy. ",
"And now, thanks to Hands-On Mobile, you can finally find out how it would feel to be The Saboteur™.",
"\n\nThe Saboteur is quite an original Action/Arcade game set in Nazi-occupied France. ",
"Sean Devlin lost everything to the Third Reich and is now out for revenge. ",
"The year is 1940 and it’s going to be a hot one! ",
"Mission after mission you’ll have to seek out secrets, escape certain death and, of course, kill lots and lots of Nazis.",
"\n\nWithout any preparation The Saboteur immediately plunges you in the heat of action. ",
"The missions can be basically split into 3 categories: reaching the exit point, gathering intel, and placing bombs, or escaping from the map with everything exploding around you. ",
"And to make things a bit more complicated, the Nazis have standing orders to shoot on sight and ask questions later. ",
"To despatch them you have a limited variety of weapons.",
"\n\nA nice touch in The Saboteur™ is the possibility to adapt the gameplay to your liking. ",
"For the shoot first addict – you can go ahead and start blasting everyone on sight, forcing all of the surrounding enemies to converge on your location for a real bloodbath. ",
"Or you can go the cloak and dagger route and try to keep out of sight and silently dispatch the Nazis with your trusty knife.",
"\n\nTo the latter style of gameplay the interface of the game plays an even more crucial role than usual. ",
"Unfortunately, not all is well in this respect. ",
"The game offers the standard D-Pad plus attack button scheme. ",
"Unfortunately the D-Pad has serious responsiveness issues, often making you stumble into walls at the most crucial moment and leading to certain death. ",
"To make things worse, the visible area often doesn’t give you enough advance warning that Nazi units are in the vicinity making you easily fall into their line of sight with nothing to be done to avoid this than replay the whole level over and over again. ",
"And finally, the game automatically equips the picked up weapon! ",
"Auto-switching from the knife to the machine gun has made me blow my cover numerous times.",
"\n\nThe graphics in Saboteur are also far from making you gasp in admiration. ",
"The game is drawn in a strict and rather bleak style, with nothing there to really catch ones eye. ",
"The developers obviously strived to convey the dark atmosphere of the game, but succeeded only to make it look uninteresting. ",
"The perspective is isometric/top-down without much to look at.",
"\n\nThe Saboteur™ takes an excellent and original idea and drowns it in poor controls, interface and boring gameplay. ",
"My only hope now is that someone else will note the great underlying idea and make a quality product out of it. ",
"Nevertheless The Saboteur™ is definitely something worth a look come a $0.99 sale that can take a few hours of your time."
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"Johan norberg globalization thesis\n\nAllen Wallis to Washington, D. At the time, the Cambridge economics faculty was divided into a Keynesian majority including Joan Robinson and Richard Kahn and an anti-Keynesian minority headed by Dennis Robertson.",
"\n\nThe film also explores the role of multinational corporations, especially the most criticized - Nike. ",
"Compared with England, which doubled its wealth in almost 60 years fromSweden achieved the same objective in only 40 years a hundred years later than England.",
"\n\nEverything else is just Johan norberg globalization thesis symptom of that. ",
"Misfortunes happen to some people and even the best means can lead to misfortunes, but the contention Johan norberg globalization thesis these international organizations does not give the \"larger picture.",
"\n\nFrom on, he was affiliated with the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. ",
"They, in fact, perceived that low-income countries have not been able to integrate with the current global economy as quickly as others, owing partly to policies and partly to extraneous factors beyond their control.",
"\n\nInstead she gives the impression that I have just tried to find small mistakes here and there in her book. ",
"Part 4 reports on how Klein thinks the shock doctrine was applied in Poland, Russia, South Africa and to the tiger economies during the Asian financial crisis.",
"\n\nDuring the — academic year he had a fellowship at Columbia Universitywhere he studied statistics with renowned statistician and economist Harold Hotelling.",
"\n\nWe meet the farmers and entrepreneurs that could develop Taiwan because it introduced a market economy and integrated into global trade. ",
"In the first part, Norberg repeats and compellingly emphasizes that the universal condition of peoples around the world have been vastly and rapidly improving pp Topics by nbsp; programmes in South Africa include acceptability, accessibility, ethical soundness, perceived impact, relevance, appropriateness, innovativeness, efficiency, sustainability and replicability.",
"\n\nRegardless of values, the majority people everywhere want to live under better material conditions because it is under these conditions that they can widen their range of options and depending on how they decide to use increased wealth.",
"\n\nHe was also for many years a Trustee of the Philadelphia Society. ",
"Favorable[ edit ] Paul B. He points to these series of changes as consequences of technological and economic advances proceeding naturally from open market policies Norberg believes that the opposition to globalization has mostly been less substantive and more emotionally or politically charged.",
"\n\nEU-protectionism is the worst obstacle today. ",
"University of Chicago[ edit ] University of Chicago InFriedman accepted an offer to teach economic theory at the University of Chicago a position opened by departure of his former professor Jacob Viner to Princeton University.",
"\n\nImpact of globalization on innovative activities is highlightedWilliam C. In Defense of Global Capitalism is a shining example of what a gifted mind can do working with the truth to advance the cause of capitalism, which in the end is the cause of every decent man and woman\". ",
"On February 12,his son, David D.Milton Friedman (/ ˈ f r iː d m ən /; July 31, – November 16, ) was an American economist who received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and the complexity of stabilization policy.",
"\n\nWith George Stigler and others, Friedman was among the intellectual leaders of the second generation of Chicago. ",
"Aug 24, · The world is an unequal and unjust place, in which some are born into wealth and some into hunger and misery. ",
"To explore why, in this controversial Channel Four documentary the young Swedish writer Johan Norberg takes the viewers on a journey to Taiwan, Vietnam, Kenya and Brussels to see the impact of globalisation.",
"\n\nA passionate, acclaimed and experienced international speaker, Johan Norberg lectures globally on subjects like liberty, economics and globalization – from Stockholm to Sydney, from Buenos Aires to Beijing, and from Cairo to Capitol Hill. ‘",
"E verybody loves to talk about Sweden,” says Johan Norberg, the Swedish libertarian and Cato scholar.",
"\n\n“We’re a Rorschach test of people’s political ideas. ",
"Analysis of The Noble Feat of Nike by Johan Norberg Essay - The Noble Feat of Nike Globalization is the worldwide integration, development and expansion of international cultural.",
"\n\nJohan Norberg \"Globalization is Good\" Name: ___Emily Topham_____ Viewing Guide 1. ",
"What question does Norberg set out to answer in the documentary? ",
"Why is the anti-globalization ."
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"Q:\n\nPHP script failing at submit: The Spam test doesn't work\n\nIn this jsfiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/2burL/1/ is my code for a PHP form.",
"\nCODE for working with the spam variables:\n$human1 = mt_rand(0, 50); // random number to be written into this var\n$human2 = mt_rand(0, 49); // same as $human1\n$human_test = 0; //declaration on the variable to be posted from the form\n$spam_test = $human1 + $human2; // SUM the vars\n\nCODE for testing:\n$human_test = $_POST[\"human_test\"];\n\n if (empty($_POST[\"human_test\"]))\n {\n $humanerr = \"This field is required.\";",
"\n }\n else if ($_POST[\"human_test\"] !",
"= $spam_test)\n {\n $humanerr = \"Wrong answer, try again.\";",
"\n }\n else\n {\n if ($_POST['submit'] && $test_error == 0 && $human_test == $spam_test)\n {\n\nThe problem is that when all required fields are set and posted at submit the \"spam test\" fails everytime no matter if the answer is right or wrong.",
"\nSyntax errors are not present. ",
"I've tested for the value of $spam_test and it is SUMed togehter, but the $_POST into the $human_test doesn't work somehow.",
"\nI get the if error that the inputed value is incorrect.",
"\nDoes anyone see the error in my code? ",
"Or does anyone have a good way to test where the error lies?",
"\nThanks for helping.",
"\n\nA:\n\nAlthough it seems that there is something you don't understand, you can use the css rule\nmargin: 0px auto; for the div you want to be centered...\nCheck out the fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/LN5Zs/\n<div style=\"height:150px; width:150px; background:red; margin:0px auto;\">\n<div style=\"height:150px; width:100px; background:yellow; margin:0px auto;\">\n <div style=\"height:150px; width:80px; background:blue; margin:0px auto;\">centered div</div>\n</div>\n\n"
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"Purification and properties of a novel beta-glucosidase, hydrolyzing ginsenoside Rb1 to CK, from Paecilomyces Bainier.",
"\nA novel ginsenoside-hydrolyzing beta-glucosidase was purified from Paecilomyces Bainier sp. ",
"229 by a combination of QSepharose FF, phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B, and CHT ceramic hydroxyapatite column chromatographies. ",
"The purified enzyme was a monomeric protein with a molecular mass estimated to be 115 kDa. ",
"The optimal enzyme activity was observed at pH 3.5 and 60oC. It was highly stable within pH 3-9 and at temperatures lower than 55oC. The enzyme was specific to beta-glucoside. ",
"The order of enzyme activities against different types of beta-glucosidic linkages was beta-(1- 6)>beta-(1-2)>beta-(1-4). ",
"The enzyme converted ginsenoside Rb1 to CK specifically and efficiently. ",
"An 84.3% amount of ginsenoside Rb1, with an initial concentration of 2 mM, was converted into CK in 24 h by the enzyme at 45 degrees and pH 3.5. ",
"The hydrolysis pathway of ginsenoside Rb1 by the enzyme was Rb1-->Rd-->F2-->CK. ",
"Five tryptic peptide fragments of the enzyme were identified by a newly developed de novo sequencing method of post-source decay (PSD) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. ",
"By comparing the five identified peptide sequences with the NCBI database, this purified beta-glucosidase proves to be a new protein that has not been reported before."
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"Multi-Domain Protein Design\n\nCreative Synthetic Biology\n\nSerotiny engineers cell therapies in high-throughput for enhanced safety and efficacy. ",
"We focus on developing proteins that give cell therapies novel or orthogonal functions and optimizations."
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"Q:\n\nWhy doesn't LibreOffice work with the HUD?",
"\n\nSo I have tried out a couple daily builds and beta 1, and love HUD. ",
"However, currently LibreOffice does not play nice with HUD and I was wondering if there was a way to make it work with HUD. ",
"Kinda like the lo-menubar that applies the menu bar to the global menu, if there was means to get LibreOffice to work with HUD. ",
"Or might this question be too soon for an answer?",
"\n\nA:\n\nIf you install lo-menubar , then the HUD works with LibreOffice. ",
"It's the same mechanism. ",
"\nIt hasn't been used by default because it hasn't been stable enough. ",
"But whether or not it will be default by the time 12.04 is released, I don't know. ",
"\n\nWhy isn't lo-menubar installed by default in LibreOffice?",
"\n\n"
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"SALT LAKE CITY — Tom Nissalke, who won coach of the year honors in the NBA and ABA, has died. ",
"He was 87.",
"\n\nNissalke died at his home in Salt Lake City on Thursday after facing a “series of health-related problems” in recent years, according to the Deseret News.",
"\n\nHe was the first coach of the Utah Jazz after the franchise relocated from New Orleans in 1979. ",
"Nissalke was also an NBA head coach in Seattle, Houston and Cleveland.",
"\n\nNissalke got his start in the pro ranks as an assistant with Milwaukee and helped guide a team featuring Hall of Famers Oscar Robertson and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar to an NBA title in 1971. ",
"His work with the Bucks landed him a head coaching gig with the ABA’s Dallas Chaparrals. ",
"He led them to a 42-42 record in his first season and was named the league’s top coach.",
"\n\nHe was hired the next season in Seattle, but was fired after a 13-32 start. ",
"Nissalke then coached the Utah Stars and San Antonio before returning to the NBA with the Rockets. ",
"He won 124 games in three seasons with Houston, twice taking the team to the playoffs and the 1977 Eastern Conference finals.",
"\n\nNissalke was named the NBA’s Coach of the Year after going 49-33 in 1976-77.",
"\n\nAfter retiring, he was active with the YMCA and worked as a radio analyst.",
"\n\nNissalke is survived by a daughter, Holly, son Thomas Jr, and two grandchildren. ",
"His wife, Nancy, died in 2006."
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"Family sues over Christmas explosion\n\nSAN BENITO — In the early morning hours of Christmas Day, a San Benito family was waking up to celebrate.",
"\n\nUnknown to them, a large propane gas cloud had formed in the house.",
"\n\nWhen the gas ignited, it caused an explosion that “blew the roof from the home,” killing two people and severely injuring six others.",
"\n\nThis is all according to a lawsuit filed yesterday morning in state district court in Starr County against six companies.",
"\n\nTwo victims and relatives of victims filed the lawsuit against Harlingen-based Hino Gas Sales and Lowe’s Home Centers.",
"\n\nThe lawsuit also names the manufacturers of the family’s propane tank and the tank’s regulator as defendants, as well as the company that sold the tank.",
"\n\nThe family alleges these companies were negligent and contributed to the explosion that killed two of their loved ones and injured the others.",
"\n\nAlex Hinojosa Jr., president and CEO of Hino Electric Power Company, said the company had not been served with the lawsuit. ",
"He expressed his condolences to the family and referred questions to the company’s attorney.",
"\n\nThe attorney, John McCoy, said he has not seen the lawsuit and could not comment on it. ",
"He also said the explosion is still under investigation.",
"\n\nA spokeswoman for Lowe’s said it is the company’s practice to not comment on pending litigation.",
"\n\n“Propane providers in Texas are legally required to ensure that the gas system in a home is up to code prior to providing propane. ",
"The propane tank and piping at the home where the explosion occurred were not code compliant. ",
"Propane should never have been provided. ",
"Hino Gas provided propane to the home,” the lawsuit states.",
"\n\n“When a gas appliance is removed, the line to the appliance must, by code, be properly capped. ",
"Lowe’s Home Centers removed two gas appliances from the home, and replaced them with electric appliances. ",
"Lowe’s did not, however, properly cap the gas lines.”",
"\n\nThe family seeks more than $500 million in damages for physical pain, mental anguish, loss of wages, loss of earning capacity, disfigurement, physical impairment, survival damages and medical care.",
"\n\nGenesis Gonzalez, 25, and Juan Ramon Leos, 28, died from injuries they received in the explosion, leaving behind two little girls ages 7 and 1.",
"\n\nBoth girls suffered burns to almost 70 percent of their bodies and are currently being treated at a hospital in Galveston.",
"\n\nOf the nine people in the home, two other children, 11 and 14, suffered burns to 60 percent of their bodies. ",
"Two other adults suffered burns to 40 percent of their bodies and are currently being treated in San Antonio.",
"\n\nOne of them faces potential amputation of the feet. ",
"Each victim faces a year or more of recovery, the lawsuit says.",
"\n\nOf the nine, only the grandmother escaped injury because she was in the shower.",
"\n\nThe lawsuit states the propane tank was purchased from La Pulga De Rio LLC in Rio Grande City. ",
"A spokesperson for the company could not be located.",
"\n\nTwo companies said the lawsuit names the wrong manufacturers.",
"\n\nThe lawsuit states the propane tank was designed or manufactured by “Thompson Tanks, Inc.” in Downey, California.",
"\n\nHowever, the president of a company named “Thompson Tank Inc.” — with no “S” in the word tank — in Downey, said they have the wrong company.",
"\n\n“We’ve never manufactured a propane tank since 1950, since our existence. ",
"So they’ve got the wrong company,” Thompson Tank president David B. Thompson said by telephone.",
"\n\nHe said a company named “Thompson Tanks,” with an S, which manufactured small propane tanks, may have gone bankrupt.",
"\n\n“We had issues with this company because we would get a lot of their phone calls. ",
"A lot of the information that was meant for them would come to us,” he said.",
"\n\n“We had tried for a while to get copy right infringement for ‘Thompson Tank Incorporated’ to get them to change their company name because of the confusion between the two companies.",
"\n\n“I can tell you for a fact we had nothing to do with the manufacturing, assembly or anything else having to do with a propane tank because we never have since 1950.”",
"\n\nHe said his company makes low-pressure, mobile vacuum equipment for hazardous waste.",
"\n\nThe lawsuit also names a company named “Engineered Controls, Inc.” in Omaha, Nebraska, as the manufacturer of the propane tank regulator.",
"\n\nHowever, a spokeswoman for a company named Engineered Controls in Omaha also said they have the wrong company.",
"\n\n“You have the wrong Engineered Controls,” the spokeswoman said in a voice mail, adding that there are other companies named “Engineered Controls.”",
"\n\n“Not sure which one you’re looking for, but it’s not this one in Omaha.”"
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"Q:\n\nFile Not Found on python for importing a csv. ",
"The file path is correct and everything is installed\n\nI have installed pandas and have been trying to figure this out for a few days. ",
"The file path is correct and I even tried copy/pasting the file path. ",
"I'm working on Jupyter Notebook through Anaconda on a Mac (not sure if that makes a difference. ",
"I've attached the code here: \n---------------------------------------------------------------------------\nFileNotFoundError Traceback (most recent call last)\n<ipython-input-3-2e4763966abb> in <module>\n----> 1 df1 = pd.read_csv(\"C:/Users/snerbs/Desktop/PYTHON/Testing_Statistical_Hypotheses/Section2/Goats50.csv\")\n\n/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py in parser_f(filepath_or_buffer, sep, delimiter, header, names, index_col, usecols, squeeze, prefix, mangle_dupe_cols, dtype, engine, converters, true_values, false_values, skipinitialspace, skiprows, skipfooter, nrows, na_values, keep_default_na, na_filter, verbose, skip_blank_lines, parse_dates, infer_datetime_format, keep_date_col, date_parser, dayfirst, cache_dates, iterator, chunksize, compression, thousands, decimal, lineterminator, quotechar, quoting, doublequote, escapechar, comment, encoding, dialect, error_bad_lines, warn_bad_lines, delim_whitespace, low_memory, memory_map, float_precision)\n 674 )\n 675 \n--> 676 return _read(filepath_or_buffer, kwds)\n 677 \n 678 parser_f.__name__ = name\n\n/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py in _read(filepath_or_buffer, kwds)\n 446 \n 447 # Create the parser.",
"\n--> 448 parser = TextFileReader(fp_or_buf, **kwds)\n 449 \n 450 if chunksize or iterator:\n\n/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py in __init__(self, f, engine, **kwds)\n 878 self.options[\"has_index_names\"] = kwds[\"has_index_names\"]\n 879 \n--> 880 self._make_engine(self.engine)\n 881 \n 882 def close(self):\n\n/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py in _make_engine(self, engine)\n 1112 def _make_engine(self, engine=\"c\"):\n 1113 if engine == \"c\":\n-> 1114 self._engine = CParserWrapper(self.f, **self.options)\n 1115 else:\n 1116 if engine == \"python\":\n\n/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pandas/io/parsers.py in __init__(self, src, **kwds)\n 1889 kwds[\"usecols\"] = self.usecols\n 1890 \n-> 1891 self._reader = parsers.",
"TextReader(src, **kwds)\n 1892 self.unnamed_cols = self._reader.unnamed_cols\n 1893 \n\npandas/_libs/parsers.pyx in pandas._libs.parsers.",
"TextReader.__cinit__()\n\npandas/_libs/parsers.pyx in pandas._libs.parsers.",
"TextReader._setup_parser_source()\n\nFileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] File C:/Users/snerbs/Desktop/PYTHON/Testing_Statistical_Hypotheses/Section2/Goats50.csv does not exist: 'C:/Users/snerbs/Desktop/PYTHON/Testing_Statistical_Hypotheses/Section2/Goats50.csv'\n\nThank you in advance!!",
"\n\nA:\n\nAre you sure the path is correct? ",
"Check if the file is where you think it is by running the following on a notebook cell.",
"\n!",
"ls path_to_folder_with_csv\n\nThe output should contain your file. ",
"Also, you should post the code, not links to pictures.",
"\n\n"
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"Q:\n\nFind the edges of a triangle from a vertex\n\nIf I have a series of three vertices that make up a triangle, how can I take one of these vertices and find the edges that go from that vertex to the other two vertices?",
"\n\nA:\n\nGiven three vertices $(x_{1}, y_{1}), (x_{2}, y_{2}), (x_{3}, y_{3})$, you can find the edge between them using the slope-formula:\n$m = \\frac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{x_{2} - x_{1}}$\nThen solve for $b$: $y_{1} = mx_{1} + b$. \nFrom there, you have a line to plot from $(x_{1}, y_{1})$ to $(x_{2}, y_{2})$.\nConsider the example: $(1, 1), (2, 3)$.\nSo $m = \\frac{3-1}{2-1} = 2$.\nAnd we solve: $1 = 2(1) + b \\implies b = -1$.\nSo the edge connecting $(1, 1), (2, 3)$ is given by the line: $y = 2x - 1$. Of course, we only draw the line segment between the two points. ",
"\n\n"
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"\n\nUnderstanding Git - Part 1 - earltedly\nhttp://realmacsoftware.com/blog/understanding-git---part-1\n\n======\nanandabits\nThis article covers the basic data format Git uses internally and explains how\nthe staging area works. ",
"It's a good primer for those looking to have a little\nbit deeper understanding.",
"\n\nIf you like this article and are looking for a much more in-depth\nunderstanding of how Git works, I recommend Jim Weirich's Source Control Made\nEasy series.",
"\n\n[http://pragprog.com/screencasts/v-jwsceasy/source-control-\nma...](http://pragprog.com/screencasts/v-jwsceasy/source-control-made-easy)\n\n------\nCraigJPerry\nUnfortunate article name since the content is more interesting than it\nsuggests!",
"\n\n"
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"Q:\n\nAvoid Laravel facade on controller\n\nI'm using Laravel 5.5 and trying to get used to code by psr-2 standard (just started learning). ",
"I analyze all my code with Quafoo QA and go step by step fixing the errors and record them.",
"\nBy using facades i get this error \"Avoid using static access to class\". ",
"Because of it i'm trying to avoid using them.",
"\nOn my controller i have this code:\n<?",
"php\n\nnamespace App\\Http\\Controllers;\n\nuse Illuminate\\Http\\Request;\nuse App\\Events\\FileLoaded;\nuse Illuminate\\Support\\Facades\\Input;\nuse Illuminate\\Auth\\Middleware\\Authenticate;\nuse PhpOffice\\PhpSpreadsheet\\Shared\\StringHelper;\nuse \\Illuminate\\Contracts\\View\\Factory as ViewFactory;\n\nclass LoadDataController extends Controller\n{\n\n public function index()\n {\n $viewfactory = app(ViewFactory::class);\n return $viewfactory->make('LoadData/index');\n }\n\n //more code\n}\n\nBesides the View Facade i also use DB, Input, Validator and Storage\nIs this the correct way, are there others?",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou don't need to avoid Facades - they are a key part of the framework. ",
" But if you want to, you can use dependency injection to include the classes you need as arguments in the controller methods:\nclass LoadDataController extends Controller\n{\n\n public function index(ViewFactory $viewFactory)\n {\n return $viewfactory->make('LoadData/index');\n }\n\n //more code\n}\n\nOr if you need that in all the controller methods:\nclass LoadDataController extends Controller\n{\n private $viewFactory;\n\n public function __construct(ViewFactory $viewFactory)\n {\n $this->viewFactory = $viewFactory;\n }\n\n public function index()\n {\n return $this->viewFactory->make('LoadData/index');\n }\n\n //more code\n}\n\nOf course, this doesn't actually change the functionality of the code you've written, it just rearranges it. ",
" I wouldn't take the word of the code analyzer you mentioned as something you are doing wrong. ",
" These are standard patterns to use in Laravel.",
"\n\n"
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"Norditerpenoid and diterpenoid alkaloids from Turkish Consolida orientalis.",
"\nFrom the aerial parts of Consolida orientalis collected in Turkey, a new diterpenoid alkaloid designated as consorientaline has been isolated along with the known norditerpenoid alkaloids delsoline, delcosine, gigactonine, and takaosamine. ",
"The structure of consorientaline (1) was established by spectroscopic studies and chemical correlation with dihydroajaconine (2)."
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"Tires are sometimes desired with treads for promoting traction on wet surfaces. ",
"Various rubber compositions may be proposed for such tire treads.",
"\nFor example, tire tread rubber compositions which contain high molecular weight, high Tg (glass transition temperature) diene based elastomer(s) might be desired for such purpose particularly for wet traction (traction of tire treads on wet road surfaces). ",
"Such tire tread may be desired where its reinforcing filler is primarily precipitated silica which may therefore be considered as being precipitated silica rich.",
"\nIn one embodiment, the improved predictive wet traction performance for the tread rubber composition is based on a maximization of its tan delta physical property at about 0° C. and a desired low value for rebound at about 0° C.\nHowever, it might also be desired to provide such tread rubber composition containing a high Tg styrene/butadiene elastomer (SBR) for wet traction with a lower stiffness at lower temperatures to promote cold weather winter performance, particularly for vehicular snow driving.",
"\nIn one embodiment, the predictive cold weather performance for the tread rubber composition is based on a minimization of its stiffness physical property at about −20° C. (e.g. minimized storage modulus G′).",
"\nTherefore, it is desirable to provide such vehicular tire tread with a rubber composition containing high Tg SBR elastomers with an optimized (maximized) tan delta property at about 0° C. (for predictive wet traction performance improvement) combined with an optimized (minimized) stiffness property at about −20° C. (for predictive cold weather performance improvement).",
"\nIt is considered that significant challenges are presented for providing such tire tread rubber compositions that provide a combination of both wet traction and winter performance. ",
"To achieve the challenge of providing such balance of tread rubber performances with tread rubber compositions, it is recognized that concessions and adjustments would be expected. ",
"To meet such challenge, it is desired to evaluate rubber compositions with a combination of:\n(A) utilizing a high Tg styrene/butadiene rubber,\n(B) utilizing a low Tg cis 1,4-polybutadiene rubber,\n(C) providing reinforcing filler containing primarily chemically pretreated precipitated silica (CTS), (chemically pretreated prior to its addition to the rubber composition, particularly pre-hydrophobated), and a minor amount of rubber reinforcing carbon black to also promote wet traction for the tire tread rubber composition, (in one embodiment, the filler reinforcement is comprised of from about 60 to about 99 percent of the CTS filler and the rubber composition is sometimes referred to as being precipitated silica rich),\n(D) providing polyethylene glycol to promote maintaining a higher stiffness of the rubber composition at the operating temperature range of the tire tread, particularly in a range of about 40° C. to about 60° C., particularly polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight in a range of from about 2000 to about 6000, and\n(E) optionally providing a traction promoting resin.",
"\nSuch CTS is provided as a precipitated silica pretreated with a silica coupler such as a bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) polysulfide or alkoxyorganomercaptosilane, particularly an alkoxyorganomercaptosilane.",
"\nSuch rubber compositions may contain a petroleum and/or vegetable triglyceride based rubber processing oil to reduce the viscosity of the uncured rubber composition and to thereby promote more desirable processing conditions for the uncured rubber composition. ",
"In practice, a high viscosity SBR may be extended with the petroleum based oil or vegetable triglyceride oil in a sense of adding the oil to a polymerization cement containing the high viscosity SBR (e.g. high Mooney 1+4, 100° C. viscosity) following polymerization of styrene and 1,3-butadiene monomers to form a composite of oil extended SBR with the petroleum oil or vegetable triglyceride oil before the composite is added to the rubber composition in an internal rubber mixer (e.g. Banbury rubber mixer). ",
"Alternately, the petroleum based oil or vegetable triglyceride oil may be added to the rubber composition in an internal rubber mixer to reduce the viscosity of the uncured rubber composition both in the internal rubber mixer and for subsequent rubber processing in a rubber processing apparatus such as, for example, in a rubber extruder.",
"\nAs indicated, it is considered that significant challenges are presented for providing such tire tread rubber compositions for maintaining a balance of wet traction, winter performance, rolling resistance and treadwear properties.",
"\nTo achieve such balance of tread rubber performances with tread rubber compositions containing a combination of high Tg styrene/butadiene rubber (SBR) and low Tg cis 1,4-polybutadene rubber (PBd) based elastomers together with pretreated precipitated silica (CTS) is used to promote a reduction in the stiffness of the cured rubber composition over a wide temperature range, which is good for obtaining low stiffness at low temperatures for winter performance when used with combinations of petroleum based rubber processing oils and/or vegetable triglyceride oils, and also for obtaining a combination of good wet traction and beneficially reduced rolling resistance for a tire with tread of such rubber composition.",
"\nSuch vegetable oils are generally contemplated as at least one of soybean, sunflower and rapeseed oils, particularly soybean oil.",
"\nHowever, while the use of the CTS has been observed to promote a desirable lower G′ stiffness at about a −20° C. low temperature for the cured rubber composition, it has also been observed to promote a corresponding reduction in stiffness of the cured rubber composition at a higher intended operating temperature range (about 40° C. to about 60° C. or an even higher temperature) of the tire. ",
"Such loss of stiffness at such higher operating temperature for a tire tread rubber composition can lead to a reduction of wet and dry handling performance for the tire. ",
"The CTS in such application has also shown a loss of laboratory determined abrasion resistance, which would be predictive of worse resistance to tread wear for tire treads of such rubber compositions.",
"\nTo meet such challenge of providing a precipitated silica-rich tread rubber composition containing high Tg SBR to promote wet traction and low Tg PBd to promote treadwear performance combined with promoting a reduction in its stiffness at low temperatures, but maintaining stiffness at higher operating temperature conditions, it is desired to evaluate the following approach:\n(A) replacing a portion of the rubber processing oil (e.g. petroleum based oil and/or vegetable triglyceride oil) with polyethylene glycol to promote a suitable uncured rubber processing viscosity and to promote a lower cured stiffness of the tread rubber composition at lower temperatures to thereby promote low temperature winter performance for the rubber composition, while maintaining the desired stiffness at higher operating conditions for the rubber composition to thereby promote maintenance of wet and dry handling performance for the tire,\n(B) providing a high content of CTS precipitated silica-rich rubber reinforcing filler to promote wet traction for the cured rubber composition.",
"\nIn the description of this invention, the terms “compounded” rubber compositions and “compounds” are used to refer to rubber compositions which have been compounded, or blended, with appropriate rubber compounding ingredients. ",
"The terms “rubber” and “elastomer” may be used interchangeably unless otherwise indicated. ",
"The amounts of materials are usually expressed in parts of material per 100 parts of rubber by weight (phr).",
"\nThe glass transition temperature (Tg) of the solid elastomers may be determined by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) measurements, as would be understood and well known by one having skill in such art. ",
"The softening point of a resin may be determined by ASTM E28 which might sometimes be referred to as a ring and ball softening point."
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"Iron and carcinogenesis: from Fenton reaction to target genes.",
"\nReactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to be associated with a wide variety of pathological phenomena such as carcinogenesis, inflammation, radiation and reperfusion injury. ",
"Iron, the most abundant transition metal ion in our body, may work as a catalyst for the generation of ROS in pathological conditions. ",
"In the past few years, there have been great advances in the understanding of iron metabolism. ",
"These include the discoveries of iron transporters and the gene responsible for hereditary hemochromatosis. ",
"Iron overload has been shown to be associated with carcinogenesis. ",
"We recently identified the major target genes (p16(INK4A) and p15(INK4B) tumor suppressor genes, which encode cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors) in a ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced rat renal carcinogenesis model, in which the Fenton reaction is induced in the renal proximal tubules. ",
"Allelic loss of the p16 gene occurs early in carcinogenesis and specifically at the p16 loci as compared with other tumor suppressor genes. ",
"This led to the novel concept of 'genomic sites vulnerable to the Fenton reaction'. ",
"Here, recent new findings on iron metabolism are reviewed and the concept of the vulnerable sites explored. ",
"More effort to link iron metabolism with human carcinogenesis is anticipated."
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[
"Neuronal migration in the developing cerebral cortex: observations based on real-time imaging.",
"\nWe have used time-lapse imaging of acute cortical slices to study the migration of neurons from their sites of origin to their positions in the developing neocortex. ",
"We found that two distinct modes of cell movement, somal translocation and glia-guided locomotion, are responsible for the radial migration of neurons generated in the cortical ventricular zone. ",
"The former is the prevalent form of radial movement of the early-born cortical neurons, while the latter is adopted by those generated later in corticogenesis. ",
"Interneurons, found to originate in the ganglionic eminence, follow tangential migratory paths to reach the developing cortex. ",
"Upon reaching the cortex, these cells seek the ventricular zone using a mode of movement that we have termed 'ventricle-directed migration', before they migrate to their positions in the cortical plate. ",
"In addition to these forms of movement, we report here a unique morphological and migratory behavior for a population of cortical neurons. ",
"These cells are multipolar in form, and are highly motile in the formation and retraction of their processes. ",
"Based on these morphological features, we refer to this type of cells as 'branching cells' and attribute the phenotype to a subset of cortical interneurons."
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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